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Focusing on self-care activities remains an unmet need in persons with schizophrenia and this needs to be addressed through the inclusion of daily living training in routine mental health interventions. Rehabilitation measures could also become more efficient if health practitioners evaluate the extent and impact of functional deficits among people with schizophrenia. Beyond clinical factors, medical attention of people with schizophrenia should expand and focus on functional factors, such as independent social functioning, according to recent findings published in the Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine.
This study focused on 100 persons with schizophrenia aged 18 and 60 years, attending a tertiary care psychiatric facility in India. Patients with intellectual disability and comorbid psychiatric or physical conditions were excluded. The Lawton instrumental activities of daily living (LIADL) scale, the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS), and the pro forma for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were used to evaluate participants. The LIADL scale consists of 8 components that measure an individual’s competence in functional instrumental activities of daily living. PANSS is a standard instrument for assessing symptoms in psychosis that consists of 3 scales measuring positive symptoms, negative syndromes, and general psychopathology. The PANSS scoring ranges from 1 (absent pathology) to 7 (extreme pathology). The pro forma for sociodemographic and clinical variables collects demographic details, such as age, sex, socio-occupational status, educational qualification, marital status, type of family, and employment status.
Individuals in the study were primarily young adult men diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Most patients were described as being married, with secondary school education, from middle socioeconomic status, and unemployed at the time of the study. The mean total LIADL score was low with only a negligible percentage of the study population being completely independent. The PANSS score had a range from moderately ill to markedly ill. Instrumental activities of daily living dysfunction that were reported include:
· difficulties in handling medications (86%),
· food preparation (85%),
· shopping (78%),
· handling finances (61%),
· doing laundry (52%),
· housekeeping (47%),
· using public transport (32%), and
· using telephones (5%).
The Total PANSS score (P =.015) and its general psychopathology subscale (P =.005) correlated inversely with the total LIADL score, and PANSS scores and sociodemographic variables were associated with some subscales of LIADL.
The study investigators concluded that impairments in functional performance are characteristic of persons with schizophrenia and this is a topic that is often overlooked. Patients who are discharged with their symptoms controlled, but without functioning independently cause undue burdens to their family: Due to current social constraints this causes dysfunction in the home, economic disadvantage, and lack of supportive community services to ensure reintegration. Interventions focusing on independent living skills could lead to better outcomes for patients in addition to reducing the burden on their family and community.
Samuel R, Thomas E, Jacob KS. Instrumental activities of daily living dysfunction among people with schizophrenia. Indian J Psychol Med. 2018;40(2):134-138.
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Packing a wholesome but tasty lunch for your kids to bring to school can be difficult, but it is fundamental to their oral health.
There’s no question about it: kids can be picky eaters.
Packing wholesome school lunches that meet all their nutritional needs, but that they’ll actually eat, can be an extremely frustrating exercise.
However, it is also extremely worthwhile. The food in your child’s lunchbox provides the nutrients and energy he or she will need to make it successfully through the school day, full as it is of learning, playing, and physical and mental activity of all sorts.
It also aids in growth and development - and that goes for teeth and gums, too!
Eating for Healthy Teeth & Gums
Just like the rest of your child’s body, the teeth and gums require a wide range of essential vitamins and minerals to grow strong and healthy. Nutrient-rich foods strengthen teeth and gums, and help make them less susceptible to tooth decay.
Foods that are high in calcium and vitamin D are very important for children’s oral health as they grow. Calcium helps strengthen tooth enamel, and vitamin D aids in the absorption of calcium.
Other important vitamins and minerals for oral health are magnesium, phosphorous, and vitamins A and C.
Healthy School Lunch Ideas
So, how can you pack a healthy lunch for your kids that they’ll find appetizing and filling, but that won’t take ages to prepare? Here are a few ideas from our North Delta children's dentists to get you started:
Fresh, Canned or Frozen Fruits and Veggies
Fresh fruit and vegetables can be prepped on the weekend (chopped, peeled, washed, bagged, etc.), making them an easy option to grab and go. Otherwise, canned or frozen produce are even faster ways to add fruits and veggies to the lunchbox. Just make sure that fruits are canned in their own juices, and not in syrup.
Some fruits and vegetables that are especially good for oral health include carrots (vitamin A), citrus and kiwi fruit (vitamin C), apples, and celery. Veggies like broccoli and dark leafy greens are great sources of calcium. Edamame is also a great source of calcium, and actually counts as a complete protein, too. Plus, it’s fun to eat!
Cheese, Yogurt & Milk
Dairy is well known as a great source of calcium. If you go for yogurt, be sure to choose a variety with no added sugar - you can add some sliced fruit or berries instead, for a little sweetness. In addition, cheese stimulates saliva production, which helps clean food particles off of the teeth.
Meat, poultry and fish are all great sources of protein. For meatless complete protein sources, hard boiled eggs, cheese, a batch of rice and beans, hummus and pita slices, and peanut butter sandwiches are all simple, kid-friendly choices.
Foods to Limit or Avoid
Treats are fine in moderation, but for good oral health, it’s best to limit foods that are high in sugar, refined carbohydrates, and acids. These include the following:
- Chewy candy: caramels, taffy, gummy candy
- Hard candy: peanut brittle, Jolly Ranchers, suckers
- Pop & 'Sports' Drinks
- Saltines, white bread
- Sticky dried fruit
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Peruvian Retablos / Portable Boxes with Scenes
Appropriate for grades: K - 12
Subject areas: History and Social Studies Mathematics Visual and Performing Arts
The Europeans reached the Andes in 1526, and by the 1530s they had conquered most of the ethnic groups living throughout the vast territory. They introduced many aspects of their own culture, including the Spanish language and Roman Catholic religion. They also brought new food crops and domesticated animals, along with European forms of art, craft, and clothing. The European practice of using small, box like altars to carry sacred images was introduced into the Andes by Spanish priests and European colonists in the sixteenth century. Catholic missionaries utilized the small shrines to facilitate religious teaching in the Indian villages. By the eighteenth century, Andean devotion to Catholic images had increased and portable altars were used to keep Christian figures in homes as well as to carry them to local churches to receive blessings from the priests. By the nineteenth century the indigenous people were freer to use the traveling shrines for their own types of religious practices. Spanish Language Version
Teaching / Learning Goals:
Teachers and students will …
Understand the way that Peruvian retablos are used in devotional practices or as illustrations of everyday life (historical and cultural understanding).
Describe and discuss the process of making a retablo, including the use of symbols and imagery, their meaning and the materials that are used (perceiving, analyzing and responding).
Explore 2 and/or 3 dimensional design elements shapes and forms, decorative motifs, materials and symbols when making their own retablo (creating and performing).
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Students at Flagler College are looking at garbage in a different light.
Professor Susan Risko's environmental science course is aimed at curbing the amount of debris ending up in landfills.
About 40 students participated in Zero Waste Week, a project challenging them to live sustainably by practicing the four R's: Refuse, reduce, reuse and recycle.
"Refuse" refers to rejecting items that have superfluous packaging while "reduce" means minimizing unnecessary consumption.
"Once you become aware of exactly how much we throw away, your whole perspective changes," sophomore Rose Rossi said.
Risko said her course is listed under general education and attracts many students outside the sciences. Rossi, an English major, is redefining her concept of waste.
"You begin to actively seek out ways to reduce waste altogether, so that essentially we can continue to live on this planet," she said. "It's a scary concept, but very real."
The two-phase initiative on campus was organized by Risko.
Between March 17 and 24, students recorded their waste, categorized as "trashed" (for waste taken to an area landfill), "recycled," "reused" or "composted."
Phase two took it to the next level.
Students will continue recording waste through today, but have now made a concerted effort to reduce their amount of landfill-bound waste to zero. The purpose is to see the difference a little thoughtfulness can make.
Since many students didn't have access to recycling pick-up, the class designated "ambassadors" to collect and recycle plastic, glass, cardboard and aluminum items. The ultimate goal was to not send anything to the landfill.
Additionally, those willing to get up early Sunday morning got a hands-on lesson in composting at the Lincolnville Community Garden.
Cash McVay, garden manager, also offered the community compost pile as a haven for students' accumulated food scraps.
"I'm really excited about how this project is reaching out to the community and engaging students in their environment," Risko said.
The community garden took root in 2010 with about 20 garden boxes and has since expanded to about 55.
McVay said Lincolnville's tree cover density and lack of sunlight created the need for a place where residents could grow vegetables.
The Lincolnville Community Garden meets Sunday mornings, weather permitting, to maintain the garden and make compost. Members are encouraged to bring food scraps, excluding meat, dairy and bread.
Risko said the benefit of composting is that food scraps and biodegradeables in a landfill slow the breakdown process of everything else. But it can take four to six weeks for compost to become fertile soil for use in a garden.
"We're actually able to use this rather than lose it by (sending it) to a landfill," she said.
Risko was inspired to launch the project after reading an article years ago about someone who attempted the same mission, but for an entire year.
"I was amazed at the concept and started putting limits on my own trash habit," she said. "If I didn't trash it, I recycled, reused or composted."
The guiding principle of Zero Waste Week is that with enough imagination, almost any item can be repurposed.
Sophomore Somer Feeheley used an empty supplements container for holding pens and pencils and a Tory Burch shoebox to stash school papers.
"It takes some creativity and getting used to it when it comes to repurposing," Risko said.
She also gave students 10-inch by 10-inch reusable hand towels to use in place of paper towels.
One of the challenges of being environmentally conscious is that many people aren't used to seeing others take those extra steps.
Feeheley said her towel attracted a lot of funny looks and stares out in public. When she whipped it out at a Starbucks, someone asked her what she was doing.
"She was super-concerned about my blue towel," she said, adding it did bring awareness.
After turning the compost, touring the garden and asking questions of McVay and other seasoned gardeners, students discussed extra credit possibilities with Risko.
"I say 'no extra credit,'" sophomore Troy MacNeill said. "It's all for the environment."
This was the first year of the sustainability initiative at Flagler.
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Note: You are currently viewing documentation for Moodle 1.9. Up-to-date documentation for the latest stable version is available here: Philosophy.
The design and development of Moodle is guided by a "social constructionist pedagogy". This page attempts to unpack this concept in terms of four main, related concepts: constructivism, constructionism, social constructivism, and connected and separate.
From a constructivist point of view, people actively construct new knowledge as they interact with their environments.
Everything you read, see, hear, feel, and touch is tested against your prior knowledge and if it is viable within your mental world, may form new knowledge you carry with you. Knowledge is strengthened if you can use it successfully in your wider environment. You are not just a memory bank passively absorbing information, nor can knowledge be "transmitted" to you just by reading something or listening to someone.
This is not to say you can't learn anything from reading a web page or watching a lecture, obviously you can, it's just pointing out that there is more interpretation going on than a transfer of information from one brain to another.
Constructionism asserts that learning is particularly effective when constructing something for others to experience. This can be anything from a spoken sentence or an internet posting, to more complex artifacts like a painting, a house or a software package.
For example, you might read this page several times and still forget it by tomorrow - but if you were to try and explain these ideas to someone else in your own words, or produce a slideshow that explained these concepts, then it's very likely you'd have a better understanding that is more integrated into your own ideas. This is why people take notes during lectures (even if they never read the notes again).
Social constructivism extends constructivism into social settings, wherein groups construct knowledge for one another, collaboratively creating a small culture of shared artifacts with shared meanings. When one is immersed within a culture like this, one is learning all the time about how to be a part of that culture, on many levels.
A very simple example is an object like a cup. The object can be used for many things, but its shape does suggest some "knowledge" about carrying liquids. A more complex example is an online course - not only do the "shapes" of the software tools indicate certain things about the way online courses should work, but the activities and texts produced within the group as a whole will help shape how each person behaves within that group.
Connected and separate
This idea looks deeper into the motivations of individuals within a discussion:
- Separate behaviour is when someone tries to remain 'objective' and 'factual', and tends to defend their own ideas using logic to find holes in their opponent's ideas.
- Connected behaviour is a more empathic approach that accepts subjectivity, trying to listen and ask questions in an effort to understand the other point of view.
- Constructed behaviour is when a person is sensitive to both of these approaches and is able to choose either of them as appropriate to the current situation.
In general, a healthy amount of connected behaviour within a learning community is a very powerful stimulant for learning, not only bringing people closer together but promoting deeper reflection and re-examination of their existing beliefs.
Consideration of these issues can help to focus on the experiences that would be best for learning from the learner's point of view, rather than just publishing and assessing the information you think they need to know. It can also help you realise how each participant in a course can be a teacher as well as a learner. Your job as a 'teacher' can change from being 'the source of knowledge' to being an influencer and role model of class culture, connecting with students in a personal way that addresses their own learning needs, and moderating discussions and activities in a way that collectively leads students towards the learning goals of the class.
Moodle doesn't FORCE this style of behaviour, but this is what the designers believe that it is best at supporting. In future, as the technical infrastructure of Moodle stabilises, further improvements in pedagogical support will be a major direction for Moodle development.
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Every year we raise and eat 65 billion animals, that's nine animals for every person on the globe, and it's having a major impact on our planet. So what meat should we eat if we want to be eco-friendly carnivores? Is it better to buy beef or chicken, free range or factory farmed? As Dr Michael Mosley discovers for BBC Horizon, the answers are far from obvious.
I like eating meat but I know that my food preferences, and those of a few billion fellow carnivores, comes at a cost.
Nearly a third of the Earth's ice-free land surface is already devoted to raising the animals we either eat or milk.
Roughly 30% of the crops we grow are fed to animals. The latest UN Food and Agriculture Organisation reports suggest livestock are responsible for 14.5% of man-made greenhouse gas emissions - the same amount produced by all the world's cars, planes, boats and trains.
If that wasn't scary enough, meat consumption is predicted to double in the next 40 years as people globally get wealthier. So how will the world cope?
In search of answers I went to the US, one of the world's largest consumers of meat, and travelled to the wide-open prairies of the Flint Hills in Kansas.
Here cattle are still herded by cowboys and cowgirls, as they have been for 150 years. The cows spend their lives roaming the hills, eating grass until it is time for them to be slaughtered. It seems to be an idyllic form of farming.
Yet there's a big problem. Armed with a laser methane detector, normally used to spot dangerous gas leaks, I dived into a herd of cows and was soon picking up readings that would have had me sounding the alarms if I had been on an oil rig. These cows are producing huge amounts of methane.
A single cow can belch up to 500 litres of methane every day. Multiply that by the 1.5 billion cattle we have on our planet and that's a lot of gas. And it has a vast environmental impact because methane is 25 times more potent a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.
The problem lies in what the cows eat. Unlike most mammals, cattle can live on a diet of grass, thanks to the trillions of microbes that live in their many stomachs.
These microbes break down the cellulose in grass into smaller, nutritious molecules that the cows digest, but while doing so the microbes also produce huge amounts of explosive methane gas which the cows burp out.
Since grass is what fuels methane production, one way to reduce the belching is to change what the cows eat.
At a feedyard in Texas I saw a very different type of farming, thousands of cattle confined in grass-free, mud enclosures and fed a diet based on a carefully formulated mix of corn, fat, growth hormones and antibiotics.
It looked the opposite of eco-friendly farming. Yet the CEO, Mike Engler, argued that his way of farming is "greener" than raising cows on the prairies - that their greater efficiency leads to less environmental impact.
The scientifically formulated diet means his cows put on weight faster and produce far less methane than cattle reared the traditional way. Studies have shown that beef produced this way produces up to 40% less methane than grass-fed cattle.
It is a form of farming that is yet to become widespread in the UK. But in terms of emissions, intensively reared, corn fed cattle may be the most environmentally friendly. However I couldn't look at the cows without having some concern for their welfare and wondering whether this is how I want our Sunday roast to live.
So what else can we do to reduce the environmental impact of the meat we eat?
Through a technique called Life Cycle Analysis scientists have been able to put figures on the environmental impact of different meats.
The worst offenders are the grass-eating, methane-producing animals such as cows and sheep.
Pigs and chickens, which eat a more mixed diet, fare better.
Mussels are very eco-friendly, taking relatively little energy to rear.
Well, we can choose which animals we eat. Not all animals create meat equally. Through a technique called Life Cycle Analysis scientists have been able to put figures on the environmental impact of different meats (exact figures vary depending on the farming systems, but the following figures are broadly true of the meat you can buy in British supermarkets).
The worst offenders are the grass-eating, methane-producing animals. Cows release the equivalent of 16kg of carbon dioxide for every kilo of meat produced. Sheep are only slightly better producing 13kg of CO2 for every kilo of meat.
Pigs and chickens, which eat a more mixed diet, are much better. Pigs produce about half as much carbon dioxide, and chickens are responsible for only 4.4kg of CO2 per kilo of meat.
So if you are worried about your carbon footprint you are much better off eating chicken than beef. And, perhaps uncomfortably for some, the most eco-friendly chickens (in terms of carbon emissions) may not be organic or free-range, but those that are raised intensively in energy efficient indoor farms.
Another strategy is to find alternative sources of animal protein. Insects, farmed fish and even laboratory grown artificial meat are all touted as potential replacements, yet all currently have significant drawbacks.
Insects are unpalatable, farmed fish comes with other environmental draw-back and laboratory grown meat is still far too expensive to produce. But there are other alternatives right on our doorstep.
Surprisingly, the most eco-friendly source of meaty protein I encountered was also the lowest tech - mussels.
Grown on lengths of rope hung beneath the surface of sea loch in the Shetlands, it takes relatively little energy to rear mussels and get them from the sea to our plates. They even have the added bonus of capturing carbon dioxide and locking it up in their shells.
The result it that their carbon footprint is 20 times less than chicken, and fifty times less than beef. If we really want to cut down the environmental impact of our diets we should perhaps be eating more mussels. What we really need now are more imaginative ways of cooking them. Chilli mussels anyone?
But for many environmentalists the carbon footprint argument is too narrow. It may help us find the most energy-efficient way of producing meat, but that may not be the best way of using our land and resources.
In the programme we explore a very different way of having our meat and minimizing the impact on our environment. In some ways it involves going back to more traditional farming, but it also relies on cutting waste and eating less meat overall.
If you really want to be an environmentally friendly carnivore, your best bet is to stick to less than 100 gms (3 oz) of meat per day. That's about half what we currently eat.
Horizon - Should I Eat Meat? How to Feed The Planet is broadcast on BBC Two at 9pm on Wednesday, 20 August.
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Fort Alexander (Saint Petersburg)
|In the Gulf of Finland, 20 miles west of the central Saint Petersburg|
Coordinates: Fort Alexander, also Fort Alexander I, or Plague Fort (Russian: Форт Александр Первый Fort Aleksandr Perviy or Russian: Чумной форт Chumnoy fort, English: "Plague fort") is a naval fortress on an artificial island in the Gulf of Finland near St. Petersburg and Kronstadt. In 1899–1917, the fort housed a research laboratory on plague and other bacterial diseases.
Since the formation of Saint Petersburg in 1703, the waterways in the Gulf of Finland were of strategic importance for Russia. Peter I initiated the construction of forts in the Gulf of Finland and directed the foundation of the first military installation on the island of Kotlin, Fort Kronshlot, in 1704. Throughout the following two centuries, Russia continued to fortify the area.
Louis Barthelemy Carbonnier d'Arsit de Gragnac (aka Lev Lvovich Carbonnier) drafted the initial blueprint for Fort Alexander. Earlier, he had planned the 1827 reconstruction of another military installation in the Gulf of Finland, Fort Citadel (later Fort Peter I). Upon Carbonnier's death in 1836, Jean Antoine Maurice (aka Moris Gugovich Destrem), a Russian military engineer of French origin, revised the plan for a new fort. The construction began in 1838 and under the supervision of another Russian military engineer, Mikhail von der Veide. The builders drove 5535 piles, each 12-meters long, into the sea bed to reinforce the ground. They then covered the piles with a layer of sand, a layer of concrete blocks, and a layer of granite slabs. The brickwork of the fort received granite face-work. Emperor Nikolay I officially commissioned the fort on 27 July 1845; the fort was named to honor his brother, Emperor Alexander I.
The fort's design is close to that of Fort Boyard in France. It is an oval-shaped building with a yard in its center. The building measures 90 meters by 60 meters, with three floors. The overall floor space is over 5000 sq. meters. In all, the fort was large enough to hold a garrison of up to 1000 men. There are 103 cannon ports with additional space on the roof for 34 guns.
The fort's mission was to guard the Baltic waterway to Saint Petersburg south of naval base Kronstadt on Kotlin, in combination with Fort Peter I, Fort Risbank (later Fort Pavel I), Fort Kronshlot and the coastal battery Fort Constantin.
The fort never participated in any military action. Still, it played a role in the Crimean War when it protected the Russian naval base in Kronstadt against attempts by the Royal Navy and French fleets. Waters surrounding Fort Alexander and other Kronstadt fortifications witnessed the first ever deployment of galvanic naval mines designed by Moritz von Jacobi and chemical-contact naval mines developed by Immanuel Nobel. In June 1854, a squadron of the Royal Navy, under the command of Admiral Napier, approached the Kronstadt area, but evidence of mine fields and the heavy fortifications discouraged Napier from attacking Kronstadt. In the summer of 1855, an Anglo-French fleet under the command of Vice-Admiral Dundas tried to conduct minesweeping raids using small steamboats. British forces managed to raise several mines, at the cost of four vessels damaged or destroyed. Because the approach of the fleet within the range of the guns of coastal batteries and the forts would make sweeping procedures even more hazardous, Dundas gave up on his objective of attacking Kronstadt.
After 1855, Fort Alexander twice went on full alert: once in 1863, when a possible confrontation with British Empire was anticipated, and again during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). Upgrades to the fort were made in 1868–1869, 1867, and 1885. However, by the end of the 19th century, Fort Alexander was primarily used for ammunition storage, as the development of rifled artillery rendered the fort facilities, designed in an era of smoothbore guns, ineffective for defensive purposes. In 1896, Fort Alexander, Fort Peter I and Fort Pavel I were struck from the Russian military register.
Bacteriology research facility
In the 1890s, in wake of the discovery of the plague pathogen by Alexandre Yersin in 1894, the Russian government formed a special Commission on the Prevention of Plague Disease to facilitate research in this specific area of bacteriology. Fort Alexander's isolation led the Commission to establish a new research laboratory there in January 1897. This laboratory was a part of Imperial Institute of Experimental Medicine (now Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences). Fort Alexander was renovated for the new purpose in 1897–1899, largely with funds from Duke Alexander Petrovich of Oldenburg, and featured a science library, research labs including containment labs, a stable for laboratory horses, cremation facility for lab animals, and other auxiliary facilities. Research work in Fort Alexander took off in August 1899 and was mainly focused on the study of plague disease and preparation of plague serum and vaccine from the immunized horses. In the following years, the laboratory is reported to have worked also on the development of serums against cholera, tetanus, typhus, scarlatina, and a series of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus infections. Work was hazardous and there were three pneumonic and bubonic plague cases among the staff members in 1904 and 1907 resulting in two fatalities. After the Communist takeover in 1917, the laboratory in Fort Alexander ceased operations. Research assets were transferred to various institutes in Petrograd, Moscow, and Saratov.
After 1917, the fort was formally owned by Russian Navy, which maintained storage facilities and a repair shop there. By 1983, the fort was stripped of its fixtures and abandoned. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Fort Alexander was a popular location for rave parties. Since 2005 the fort was formally managed by the administration of the presidential conference center known as Constantine Palace in Strelna. The access inside the fort premises through the only gate of the fortress was secured since then.
In 2007, the administration of the fort announced its intention to seek investors for the proposed renovation project estimated at $43 million.
In 2005–2010, the Saint Petersburg Dam navigation floodgate for the main shipping channel of the Gulf of Finland was being constructed less than a mile from Fort Alexander. A new pathway for the shipping channel required extensive dredging in waters in the vicinity of Fort Alexander. Serious concerns were raised on the negative impact of dredging efforts and expected increase in wave disturbance from passerby ships on the integrity of the foundation at Fort Alexander.
As of 2011, boat tours to the fort are available.
- Tolf, Robert W. (1982). The Russian Rockefellers: the saga of the Nobel family and the Russian oil industry. Hoover Institution Press. pp. 17–20. ISBN 978-0-8179-6581-5.
- Youngblood, Norman (2006). The development of mine warfare: a most murderous and barbarous conduct. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 28–30. ISBN 978-0-275-98419-9.
- Andrushkevich, T. V.; Grekova, T. I. (2003). Чумной форт [Plague Fort] (PDF). History of Saint Petersburg (in Russian) (Saint Petersburg) (15): 48–53. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- Фортификация: Реконструкцию "Александра" оценили в $43 млн (in Russian). Vedomosti. July 19, 2007.
- Углубление дна около форта "Александр" будет продолжено (in Russian). Delovoy Peterburg [Business Peterburg]. August 8, 2007.
- "Tour to the forts of Kronstadt" (in Russian).
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alexander I (fort).|
- Historical and modern day photos of Fort Alexander (Russian)
- History of Fort Alexander
- History of Fort Alexander (Russian)
- A story about plague research in Fort Alexander written in 1900 (with historical photos) (Russian)
- A 1907 story about two plague cases occurred that year at Fort Alexander (with historical photos) (Russian)
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This is such an exciting time of year. Each day brings more returning bird species. Soon the wildflowers will begin to bloom and the trees will leaf out. Tree swallows joined the list of new arrivals yesterday.
Tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) are the earliest swallows to return to Modoc County CA. After wintering in southern United States and the Caribbean, these slender songbirds breed and spend the summer in the northern tier of states and Canada. Their early appearance is probably due, in part, to the fact that tree swallows are hardier than other swallows. Swallows are primarily insect eaters. Tree swallows can also feed on seeds early in the season before insects are plentiful – another reason they can return to northern habitats before other swallows.
With iridescent blue-green upper parts contrasting with clean white below, tree swallows are fascinating to watch as they fly about in bright sunshine. Their notched tail is also used for field identification.
Tree swallows breed in abandoned tree cavities, almost always near water. They are also fond of nest boxes provided by dedicated humans.
These tree swallows were checking out nest boxes and other possible nesting sites at Ash Creek Wildlife Area.
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Hegel has long dominated continental philosophy and is now enjoying an enormous renaissance in the English-speaking world. At the very centre of his work is the monumental Science of Logic, first published between 1812-16. While much scholarship exists on the nature of Hegel's methodology and ontology, Hegel's Theory of Subjectivity, which comprises the final third of the Science of Logic, has been comparatively neglected. This volume collects 15 essays on various aspects of Hegel's theory of subjectivity, which encompasses the universal v. the individual, judgement, inference, and cognition. For Hegel, substance is subject. Anyone wishing to obtain a deep understanding of Hegel's philosophy cannot afford to neglect his theory of subjectivity.
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The varied and rich wildlife of india has had a conservation of wildlife in india is often safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country and. Habitat and successional stages, and conservation of forest plants and animals, including aquatic species of forest and wildlife ecology at uw – madison, and. Essay on forest and wildlife conservation in hindi, sep 27, 2016 - 1 min - uploaded by максим гусевget 15 discount httpsgoogl9mzfqu58678 protection and. Essays research papers title: tree conservation essay my account forests are one of the most used for production of wildlife habitat or. 3 reasons why you should protect wildlife wildlife conservation is the attempt to there is a wide diversity of species living in a tropical rain forest.
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Competitive exams step-by-step guide to writing essay on forest conservation, along with links to other essay-writing resources. Related articles: the forest and wildlife conservation and protection navigation publishyourarticlesnet short essay on forest article shared by. Article shared by: after reading this essay you will learn about:- 1 reasons for conserving forests 2 scope of conservation of forests 3 classification 4.
Learn about forests and wildlife conservation find out what is the need for wildlife conservation and its importance @ byju'scom. This essay has been submitted by a law student this is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers the indian forest and wildlife acts. Conservation of forest essay - compose a quick custom research paper with our help and make your professors startled instead of wasting time in ineffective attempts. Wildlife conservation is the practise of protecting wild plant and animal species and their mismanagement of forest department and forest guards triggers this. Viewpoint of wildlife conservation and outdoorlife i have picked two magazines that related wildlife animals should conserve comparing animals hunting offer freedom. Advantages of wildlife conservation wildlife conservation is the mode of protecting endangered animals and plant species and their habitats wildlife conservation.
Essay on conservation of forest forests are the major part of our balanced ecological and biological forms which are present throughout. Wildlife conservation refer to the steps that are taken to protect and conserve wild animals and plants wild animals and plants are the part of the eco-system. Wildlife conservation includes all human efforts to perserve wild animals from here is your free essay on wildlife conservation clearing of forests. The large scale poaching (killing) of wild animals residing in the forests by man is a serious threat to the survival of many animal and bird species this also. Hunting and wildlife conservation go hand in hand essay due to its wide variety of biomes ranging from tropical forests more about wildlife conservation essay.
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Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Anterograde amnesia is a form of amnesia, or memory loss, where new events are not transferred to long-term memory. After the onset of the disorder, the sufferer will not be able to remember anything that occurs after his attention is shifted away from one subject for more than a few seconds.
Those who suffer from theoretically pure anterograde amnesia will still be able to remember memories laid down before the onset of anterograde amnesia, but will exist in a transient world where anything beyond their immediate attention-span disappears permanently from their consciousness. In reality, anterograde amnesia is always accompanied by some degree of retrograde amnesia.
Damage to the hippocampus, fornix, or mammillary bodies can result in anterograde amnesia, which contributes further evidence to the theory that these are the structures primarily responsible for the process of laying down long-term memories.
This form of amnesia is often referred to as "short-term memory loss," such as in the movies Memento, 50 First Dates, and Finding Nemo. However, in technical writing anterograde amnesia is used, since the condition is not a deficit in short-term memory but in long-term encoding.
Different types of memories (e.g., of new physical skills, of new words, of the events of the day, facts of history, etc.) can be separately affected by anterograde amnesia. Patients with anterograde memory loss often can learn and remember a new physical skill (e.g., a musician learning how to play a new tune) and yet not remember when he or she had learned it. Examples have been described where patients learned and remembered new words and facts of history ("semantic" memory) but could not remember any events of their previous day ("episodic" memory).
A temporary form of anterograde amnesia is also induced by some medications. Benzodiazepines all have varying degrees of anterograde amnesic effects. This is utilised in the use of benzodiazepines such as temazepam and lorazepam as premedicatants. A more sinister, criminal abuse is in date rape (chemical submission). Also, unplanned effects of this drug effect are seen in cases of amnesia automatism induced by prescription drugs, often in association with moderate alcohol intake. Victims have memory gaps for a period shortly after taking the drug concerned, which causes embarrassment and fear for what might have happened. In some cases, victims realise they have changed planes during their memory gap or discover that they rented a car. Disinhibited and uncharacteristic behaviour (sometimes together with carrying out quite complex tasks - e.g. cooking and serving a nice meal, but in the nude) is sometimes witnessed during such episodes, which adds further embarrassment and distress.
Famous cases Edit
The most famous case of anterograde amnesia is that of HM or Henry M., the man whose lesions accidentally started the inquiry into the neurobiology of learning and memory.
Oliver Sacks characterizes two individuals with anterograde amnesia in his book The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat. Both suffer from Korsakoff's Syndrome, which causes irreversible anterograde amnesia. The story of one patient is called "The Lost Mariner": he began forgetting everything from the end of WWII and felt certain that the date was constantly 1945. He does not even know that he suffers from amnesia and believes himself to be decades younger than he is. The other story is called "A Matter of Identity". Rather than having a consistent false belief about his situation, this patient dealt with his amnesia by constantly re-evaluating and re-explaining his situation. He would greet whoever was in the room over and over again, each time with a different name. Much like "The Lost Mariner", he was unaware of his condition.
References & BibliographyEdit
- Jaffe, P.G. and Katz, A.N. (1975) Attenuating anterograde amnesia in Korsakoff's psychosis, Journal of Abnormal Psychology 84: 559-62.
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Monitoring of species
Monitoring of species refers to the regular monitoring of species’ status at different sites. In Sweden there are a number of such long-term observations. These are carried out at different geographical levels, in different habitats and by various representatives. Nature conservation monitoring is usually divided into national and regional environmental monitoring.
National environmental monitoring
The national environmental monitoring carried out on the mandate given by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) is divided into different programme areas (sea & coastline, freshwater, forest, countryside, mountain and wetlands) and includes among others butterflies, birds, fish, rodents, carnivores, plants and cryptogams.
Other authorities and organizations also carry out national monitoring. The national programmes such as the National Forest Inventory (RIS) and Nationwide Environmental Protection Programme (NILS) are implemented at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). Other examples of large inventories where monitoring is undertaken are the Swedish Board of Agriculture’s meadow and pasture inventory and the Swedish Forest Agency’s key habitat inventory.
Regional environmental monitoring
The regional environmental monitoring is controlled by the County Administrative Boards and can include among others vascular plants, algae, mussels, butterflies and birds. The County Administrative Boards also work with certain action programmes for endangered species and monitoring of species in protected areas.
Many volunteers are active in the monitoring of species in Sweden, both on their own initiatives and on behalf of authorities. Flora guardians that monitor the presence of red-listed vascular plants is the largest group, involving over 400 people. A majority of the country’s bird monitoring is partly undertaken on a voluntary basis. Last but not least, spontaneous reports posted through the Species Gateway are of great importance in assessing the status of species in the Swedish countryside.
The importance of environmental monitoring data
All activities provide a large amount of important data that is used by authorities, researchers and many others. The Swedish Species Information Centre uses this data for example in the work to develop Sweden’s Red List and in reports to the EU in accordance with the Habitat Directive. Reporting refers to the commitment to monitor and report the status of species listed in the annexes of the Directive.
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Encourage, Strengthen, Focus
Expressing the love of God by practicing the ministry of presence, building meaningful relationships, loving without hurting, and working/partnering to disciple the lost.
NATIVE AMERICAN MINISTRIES
The ministries of the Church of God among Native Americans started when, as David Telfer, in his book Red & Yellow, Black & White & Brown, writes, “God’s Spirit broke through in an amazing way in leading the Church of God reformation movement to begin evangelizing in Native American communities in 1939. Amazingly, on the same Sunday in March 1939, the first Native American worship services were held on two reservations, twelve hundred miles apart: on the Tulalip Reservation in northwestern Washington State and the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. Later during that year, the Spirit of God led the beginning of a Church of God ministry among the Cherokee Tribe in Oklahoma.”
Across all the mission sites, there is a long list of faithful workers. Noted here are those who began the work at each of the sites.
MORE ABOUT THE HISTORY
Tulalip Reservation, Washington
The pioneer of the Tulalip ministry was J. Frank Shaw. The work began on land leased by Rollo Maulsby, who had invited Shaw to come and see the needs of the people and consider starting a church. The response of the of the Native American people was slow, and they were reluctant to accept invitations from the church. After several months, a revival was held that resulted in twenty-seven conversions. Shortly afterward, a baptismal service was held in the cold water of a nearby stream fed by melted snow from Mount Pilchuck.
The Shaws left the Tulalip congregation in 1943 “to launch a new Native American congregation in Toppenish, Washington.” Leland Harriman took over the pastoral care of the Tulalip congregation. Then in 1947, Adam and Marge Williams continued the work at Tulalip. Adam was a member of the Swinomish Tribe. In 1978, Adam passed away and Marge faithfully continued his work.
Through the influence of J. Frank Shaw, another mission was started in Celilo, Oregon. Several students from Pacific Bible College (now Warner Pacific University), including Boyd Kole, assisted with the mission program in Celilo. This mission closed in 1958.
Wounded Knee, South Dakota
The Wounded Knee mission began in the house of Robert Fast Horse’s home near Porcupine Butte. A group of students from Gordon Bible School, an institution sponsored by the Gordon, Nebraska, Church of God, led a prayer service at the Fast Horse Home and were invited to return. Mr. and Mrs. Earl Morey led the students, who conducted services for more than a year.
The first pastor of the Church of God ministry on the Pine Ridge Reservation was Herbert Peterson, who served from 1940 to 1948. During his ministry, Wounded Knee was selected as the location for a building, and an existing building was moved to the church property.
From the Wounded Knee Church, three other Church of God congregations have been established, serving the Sioux people who have moved off the reservation, in Gordon, Alliance, and Scottsbluff, Nebraska.
The following are dates of the founding of these missions:
- Gordon Indian Mission—1947
- Alliance Indian Mission—1951
- North Platte Indian Mission (now Intercultural Chapel) Scottsbluff—1955
Another Lakota (Sioux) mission began in Allen, South Dakota in 1962. Ivyl Salisbury, a layman, was the first to minister here.
Another Native American Mission began in 1939 among the Cherokee in Oklahoma by Wiley and LaVaughn Hall. This started in Park Hill near Muskogee.
In 1943, Native American Ministries opened a new work in Tulalip, Idaho, among the Nez Perce Indians. This work was started by James and Elmina Kole.
Crow Agency, Billings, Montana
In 1945, A. J. Stewart, who was pastoring close by in Billings, felt the need to evangelize on the Crow Reservation.
Klagetoh Shelter Mission, Klagetoh, Arizona
Leroy Falling, a member of the Cherokee Tribe, played an important role in Native American Ministries. He had “a distinguished career with the Bureau of Indian Affairs…In the early 1960s while serving as principal of a school on the Navajo Reservation in Arizona, he contacted Bahe Woodman, a gifted Navajo leader and a man of great spiritual qualities who had become a Christian.” A mission was started at Klagetoh, and Bahe became the pastor. Now his children Ron Woodman and Maureen Woodman continue the work.
In 1979, Fred Mamaloff left the work at the Crow Agency, Montana, to return to Alaska to evangelize the Native Americans and Eskimos in Anchorage.
First Chief of the American Indian Council for the Church of God
The American Indian Council is experiencing a regeneration of sorts with the restart under Global Strategy within the Church of God Ministries family. There is a renewed interest in the great needs of the Native American people. We thank God for this new spirit of cooperation and interest towards revitalization.
As we seek to reimagine and restart our ministries, we are in great need of internships from our colleges and universities at all our mission sites. We are in need of identifying and training youth leaders at each mission site and organizing local training programs to prepare these potential leaders for service to our congregations.
We would like to also extend an invitation to any Native American in our churches across the United States to get involved in this needy ministry as it struggles with the plight of its peoples.
We call on all believers and congregations to unite with us in supporting the existing work and finding new missionaries and pastors/leaders/trainers who can come alongside us to develop the work further. We are in great need of financial support. Your accepting of this call will do much to further the kingdom of God among the Native Americans. May God bless you as you consider this vital call to partnership.
—Maureen Woodman, first chief of the American Indian Council of the Church of God
Ministry Alongside Native Americans
The ministries of the Church of God to the Native American reservations have been a work in progress for many years. It seeks to reach Native Americans in Arizona, Nebraska, South Dakota, Idaho, and Washington. Faced with unusually high rates of domestic abuse, unemployment, suicide, and hopelessness, these ministries are in great need of support.
In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in this vital ministry. Walking alongside the American Indian Council of the Church of God, overseen by First Chief Maureen Woodman, Global Strategy is working to revitalize this aspect of missions within the Church of God.
The American Indian Council and Global Strategy of Church of God Ministries both have a deep concern and commitment to seeing the work among Native Americans on these reservations revitalized. It is urgent that the Church of God know and partner with specific Global Strategy missionaries and Native American leaders to enable them walk alongside these Native Americans so that Jesus is the subject of their lives. This is accomplished by living alongside them, proclaiming and demonstrating the love of Christ among them faithfully and regularly.
The 2015 mission statement of the American Indian Council (AIC) states this well: “Expressing the love of God by practicing the ministry of presence, building meaningful relationships, loving without hurting, working and partnering to disciple the lost.”
Please pray that the leadership of the AIC and Global Strategy will effectively work together to develop Christ-centered leaders and workers to do God’s will on the reservations. Also, be in prayer that new Native American leaders will hear the call of God to serve in this work. In addition to these two very important needs, pray that Global Strategy missionaries, council leaders, and Native American leaders will find a spirit of cooperation and respect for each other and for the cultural differences among us. Pray that we can find systems and programs that are effective and can be replicated throughout the work.
STANLEY & SYLVIA HOLLOW HORN
Stanley & Sylvia Hollow Horn
Wounded Knee Church of God, Wounded Knee South Dakota
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation is located in southwest South Dakota and is home to the Oglala Lakota Native Americans. About 35,000 people live on the Pine Ridge Reservation, which is the size of the state of Connecticut. Pine Ridge is one of the poorest places in the United States. Around 90 percent of those on the reservation live below the poverty line, the unemployment rate is about 85 percent, some 15 to 20 people commonly live in homes built for families of six, the high school dropout rate is 70 percent, the infant mortality rate is 300 percent higher than the national average, and the life expectancy of men is between 42 and 45; for women, 52. Those are the lowest life expectancies in the western hemisphere. Furthermore, the teen suicide rate is four times the national average. Between Christmas 2014 and August 2015, more than 15 children between the ages of…
…of 12 and 19 committed suicide.
The community of Wounded Knee is in the middle of the Pine Ridge Reservation, and is in the Wounded Knee district. The Wounded Knee community has about 60 homes and 500 residents. Within the community there is the Church of God, an Episcopal Church that meets every other Sunday, the Post Office, and a Head Start building. Residents have to drive over eight miles to reach the closest convenience store and over fifteen miles to reach the closest gas station.
In 1890, the Wounded Knee Massacre took place. The 7th Cavalry of the United States Army killed between 150 and 300 unarmed Lakota men, women, and children who were being held under the white flag of surrender. The mass grave where the people were buried is within walking distance of the church property. In 1973, the American Indian Movement, a militant Native American civil rights group, took hostage the town and area of Wounded Knee as a protest of the way the Lakota people were being treated by their tribal government. The church has bullet holes in the ceiling from the volleying back and forth between AIM and the FBI.
The Wounded Knee Church of God has been ministering to the Wounded Knee community and the Wounded Knee District since the late 1940s. The church was started by a group of students from the Church of God in Gordon, Nebraska. The senior pastor is Stanley Hollow Horn, a registered member of the Oglala Lakota tribe. He has been serving at Wounded Knee Church of God since 2002.
Average church attendance is between 15 and 30. The children’s Sunday School meets during the sermon, and there are between 5 and 15 children who attend regularly. There are also Wednesday night adult Bible studies, and attendance is growing between the men and women’s groups. The church has a small food pantry, and offers emergency food assistance when needed by community members.
During the summer, the church hosts work teams from across the country and across denominational lines. Many of the groups offer activities for the whole family. In the summer of 2016, the church had seven weeks of Bible school, with an average of 50 children attending each day. One day, about 70 children were in attendance. Most work teams also offer adult groups for men and women and evening meals for the community. Our annual community carnival had over 250 people in attendance.
The current church building is shaped like a tipi and was built in 1967. A Fellowship Hall was added to the property in 2007 and, in the summer of 2015, an addition was added to the fellowship hall to serve as a Sunday school classroom. Volunteer groups from churches from across the country built all the buildings on the property.
AT A GLANCE
- Average weekly attendance: 25—13 adults, 12 children; adult Bible study—4.
- Needs: Amazon Wish List (http://a.co/bkWAyIu) includes Sunday School materials, Bibles, and cleaning supplies.
- Summer Numbers: Bible School 2016: Seven weeks of Bible School and average attendance 50, up to 70 children, ages 3–13.
- Two Community Carnivals: 250+ people at each Summer adult studies—Average 15 women, 10 men.
- Work Camps 2016: About 250 volunteers from across the country.
Don & Pat Mink
Linda Abold, Don & Pat Mink
Alliance Indian Mission, Alliance, Nebraska
During World War II, the army had an airbase in Alliance, Nebraska. Workers were needed for many civilian jobs, so trucks were taken to the Pine Ridge and Rosebud Reservations to bring Native American families to do some of those jobs. After the war was over, about eight of those families remained in Alliance. At that time, all Indians had to live in a four-block square area south of the railroad underpass. The Indian Mission Church of God in Alliance began as a result of Rev. Earl Bailey realizing that injustices in the Alliance community needed to be addressed. A gathering place was needed, and it was decided that what was needed was a church. A permit was obtained in 1952, and the building was completed in 1954. Today they are ministering to needy people in Alliance and on the reservations. Even though the target group of the ministry is Native American, we also work with many other people who need to hear the message of salvation…
Rev. Don and Pat Mink serve at this vital work at Alliance Indian Mission. They arrived “the last day of 1979.” These 37 years has been what Brother Mink calls a “ministry of presence.” He is very well known among the Lakota (Sioux) Indians. He ministers to them by addressing primarily their day to day needs. As a result, he is deeply respected.
Rev. Linda Abold (husband Butch) serves as the associate at Alliance and has worked with Don Mink since 1992. Before that Linda and Butch served at Wounded Knee from 1981 to 1990.
AT A GLANCE
- Sunday Services average: 30.
- Sunday School has experienced a restart of sorts with the dedication of two Native American ladies last year who wanted to help with the children. Please be in prayer for them!
This multi-ethnic (Native Americans, Anglo) congregation is on the Tulalip Reservation in Seattle, Washington. This congregation has a food bank, which feeds approximately 14,000 people. They also are home to the local AA group.
Please be in prayer for this congregation as they minister to the needs of the Native American on this reservation and as they seek new pastoral leadership. Pray also to see how you might partner with them…
AT A GLANCE
- The work at Tulalip Reservation in Washington has an average attendance of 24. It’s a multicultural church with Native Americans and Anglo believers.
- They have a food pantry that feeds 14,000 people.
- They host the local AA group.
Sherman & Kay Critser
Sherman and Kay Critser
Intercultural Chapel, Scottsbluff, Nebraska
As early as 1953, Rev. Earl Bailey studied the movements of Native Americans to Scottsbluff. That year meetings began in the home of Robert Hawk. In the fall of 1954. Rev. and Mrs. Earl Bailey moved to Scottsbluff to help establish the Platte Valley Indian Chapel. By January of 1956, the Chapel began meeting in the basement of the parsonage. The youth center was dedicated in March 1963, where the church moved until the actual church building could be built.
Scottsbluff dedicated the new Chapel building as the Intercultural Service Center. Now it is called the Intercultural Chapel. The demographics of Scottsbluff have changed drastically since the early 1950’s. Presently, the Hispanic community is by far the largest non-Angle population. As such, this building will soon come under the leadership of the Hispanic Concilio. As for now, there are still plans to continue a small Sunday night gathering for Native Americans at the Intercultural Chapel.
AT A GLANCE
- The church has grown from an average of eight in attendance just four years ago to an average attendance of twenty-five.
- The strongest growth is in the youth and children’s ministry. We have children’s time on Saturday mornings and youth in the afternoons.
- These youth and children also have their service and class Sunday evening during worship time.
Tim & Kim Wardell
Tim & Kim Wardell
Pass Creek Church of God, Allen, South Dakota
Tim and Kim arrived to begin full time ministry in Allen on September 5th, 2016. After 9 years for Kim, and 3 years for Tim of short term mission trips along with visits at Christmas to assist with the shoe box distribution, they both had their “Isaiah moments” in July of 2014. They began praying and preparing for the ministry in Allen by going through the ordination process and raising support from Churches across the Southeast and Midwest…
Tim serves as Lead Pastor and Kim serves as Associate Pastor of Youth and Children at the Pass Creek Church of God.
Regular Sunday morning worships and learning times have been established, both men and women’s weekly bible studies, common sense parenting classes, 1 on 1 discipleship sessions, the addition of a suicide prevention councilor, a healthy youth ministry, children’s Sunday school, grief counseling, and the establishment of a Pastoral Care program in a local hospital and nursing home, are the programs that are up and running to date.
In 2018 the current plan is to have an addiction counseling program going strong along with a radio ministry to get the gospel to as many on the reservation as possible.
Psalm 37:4 says “Take delight in the LORD, and he will give you the desires of your heart.” They believe that God placed the desire to serve the Lakota people in their hearts and that He is going to do great and marvelous things with these first nation people.
Project #43.15585 (Tim & Kim)
Project #44.350 (Facilities)
Indian Mission Church of God, Lapwai, Idaho
The Church of God work in Lapwai, Idaho, among the Nez Perce Indians, began in 1945. This work was started by Jim and Grace Cole. Currently, Rev. Stan Marble is overseeing and ministering to the people at this mission.
Please be in prayer for Stan and the work there, as this is one of our more needy works. With a building that is over 35 years old, they have a lot of needs that require attention.
AT A GLANCE
- Average church attendance: 12.
- Homeless are fed daily at the church; the church also supports community efforts for the homeless.
- Pastor Stan cuts firewood for anyone who needs it.
- They team works with other churches to meet the needs of the community.
- They are getting ready to start a food pantry, which is based on a Give/Take program, where people can leave what they don’t use and take what they need.
- They host Youth Works, which holds a seven-week kid’s camp program, which about 30 to 40 kids attend.
- They work with the Young Life group who come and do the “5th Quarter,” which is a well-attended after-game event held at the church.
Klagetoh Shelter Mission, Klagetoh, Arizona
Ron Woodman took over from his father Bahe, and is senior pastor at Klagetoh Shelter Mission. He is involved in Bible studies, Sunday school teaching, and the local evangelical association. He and Maureen Woodman, his sister, work together to coordinate efforts at the Shelter. Please be in prayer for the Woodmans as they struggle to meet the needs of this mission…
AT A GLANCE
- The Navajo Reservation, on which the Klagetoh Shelter Mission serves, is the largest reservation in the United States: 27,096 square miles and more than 300,500 people.
- Poverty, alcoholism, and crime rates are staggeringly high—the power of God sustains this oasis in the high desert of northeastern Arizona.
- VBS, revivals, special Thanksgiving and Easter services, Christmas gifts to the needy, prayer meetings, and work camps are just a few of the activities that take place through Klagetoh Shelter Mission each year.
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| 0.964664 | 4,310 | 2.578125 | 3 |
XINJIANG, China, April 19 (UPI) -- Chinese scientists say the world's first transgenic sheep produced with a simplified technique dubbed "handmade cloning" was successfully born.
In 2009, donor cells were collected from a Chinese Merino sheep and by genetic manipulation a transgenic cell line was established, said researchers at the genomics organization BGI, the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shihezi University in Xinjiang.
The cloned sheep named Peng Peng, born March 26, is the result of an innovative simplified technique called Handmade Cloning, requiring less demand for sophisticated equipment and with simplified procedures, lower costs and higher production efficiency, a BGI release said Thursday.
"Peng Peng is developing normally and appears healthy," said Yutao Du, director of BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., one of BGI's affiliates focusing on large-scale production of transgenic and cloned animals.
"The most difficult task has been accomplished, the transgenic sheep production platform is established, we are ready for the industrial-scale development," she said.
Offspring of several economically important species, including cattle, pig, goat and water buffalo, have been produced by using the simplified cloning technique, researchers said.
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| 0.961506 | 262 | 2.859375 | 3 |
The Nature Trail, which is located in the natural forest on the western side of the Main Path, is a winding paved path that takes visitors on a comfortable 300 metre walk through vegetation which stands much as it did before Coffs Harbour was settled. The walk is well sign-posted, indicating the flora and fauna of the forest with descriptions of the inter-relationships between animals, insects and plants, and the effects of fire on a forest, as well as showing habitat trees. This is a favourite walk for schoolchildren who learn much about forest biodiversity and ecology. An area of bench seating provides an 'outdoor schoolroom' halfway along the first section of the walk.
The area may appear to be wild, but natural bushland is never tidy! Branches, bark and leaves around the base of the trees, especially blackbutt (E. pilularis), turpentine (Syncarpis glomulifera) and scribbly gum (E. signata), are left to slowly release their nutrients into the soil. The downside is that this detritus is also the fuel for fires. Common understory plants include gristle fern (Blechnum cartilagineum), native sarsaprilla (Smilax glyciphylla), bracken (Pteridium esculentum), climbing guinea flower (Hibbertia scandens), and wild parsely (Lomandra silaifolia). Several native orchids also grow here, (e.g.) tartan tongue orchid (Crypyostylis erecta), and hyacinth orchid.
The Nature Trail is home to a variety of fauna, so if you walk quietly here you may see a land mullet (Egernia major), the largest skink in the world, which grows to 700mm, or a red-bellied black snake (Pseuduchis porphyriacus) in a sunny spot. Often you will hear birds call before you see them: listen for fairy wrens, currawong and kookaburra. There may be a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) high above in the fork of a tree, and signs of bandicoots (Isoodon macrourus). A hollow tree may house birds, insects or spiders, and there are plenty of fallen logs which are home to small animals and beetles.
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| 0.922686 | 498 | 3.015625 | 3 |
The Antwerp jesuit church, a revelation.
Spatial effects from all sides
For his great plans Priest who is a member of a religious order. Tirinus had to dispose of a vast building lot and he proceeded to buy all the premises in Spuistraat, several ones in Sint-Kathelijnevest and a few in Wijngaardstraat. The extensive parcel was staked out as follows:
- to the South: by Korte Nieuwstraat
- to the North: by Wijngaardstraat
- to the West: by new Sint-Pieter en Paulusstraat, which replaces old Spuistraat
- to the East: by Sint-Kathelijnevest (the street) and next to it the open canal of the same name
The newly acquired premises were pulled down and both canals were vaulted for the greater part: Ankerrui, which went straight across the plot, and the canal of Sint-Kathelijnevest. And so, the site was prepared for a huge building project. But how could this free space be used best? Several things had to be considered:
- the division of the area: the large oblong surfaces had to be reserved for the church and the square.
- the integration of the spacious House of Aachen, the only building that was preserved.
- the intended spatial and urban development effects (see further)
- the fathers’ needs and the functions of the buildings
The Baroque church is oriented towards the East, just like the old Gothic churches in the neighbourhood, but this is rather a co-incidence, due to the division of the site. After all Baroque architecture, which found its origin in the sunny South, was not interested in the Gothic symbolism of light and the orientation of churches towards the East, which it went with.
House of Aachen, built around an oblong court, constituted the kernel of the extensions. To the (former) front (at the former Spuistraat) two western wings were added, one of which had an elegant open gallery. They flanked the great courtyard and continued to a smaller, not completely closed courtyard. To the East there was a big square garden, with next to it the kitchen, the refectory and in the outmost South-Eastern corner an infirmary for Fathers suffering from contagious diseases.
Now that the old façade of House of Aachen had been enclosed, they wanted the Baroque frontage of the new residence to give out onto the large church square. Which passer-by could have guessed that behind this one new, long front such a remarkable complex of old premises and new wings around several inner courts was hidden?
The monumental entrance door bears the order’s IHS-emblem. The reception halls and parlours were on the ground floor, while the upper floor contained the immense library. The Father’s private rooms were at the South end of the upper floor.
In 1622-1623 the Marian congregations had the sodality building constructed at their own costs. It was situated in front of the new church façade and contained two big rectangular chapels, one on the ground floor and one on the first floor. In fact, this building was attached as a side wing to the frontage of the professed house. Because of the same articulation, materials and decoration they constitute an architectural unity.
The church, the professed house and the sodality building are the three wings of a Baroque building complex around a central forecourt as can be found e.g. in Versailles Palace, the Palazzo Barberini in Rome or the Würzburger Rezidenz.
Still it is not the residence’s central frontage that draws the attention, but, despite being aside, the church with its impressive façade. There another dynamic characteristic of Baroque is shown. When you want to go to the central porch of the church you cannot go straight for the goal; the sodality building at the West end of the church square prevents a street or passage directly across the church porch. Whoever arrives in the church square discovers the impressive church façade either slowly coming from Wijngaardstraat, or abruptly as it were in a frog’s eye view when coming through the so-called Jesuit Hole, which is the barrel-vaulted passage on street level between the sodality building and the professed house. This ‘hole’ gives out onto Jezuïetenrui. Such a sideways approach is typical of Baroque. In Baroque Rome, plenty of examples are to be found to illustrate this with innumerable squares dominated by church façades. Generally known is This is a title that the Church bestows on a deceased person who has lived a particularly righteous and faithful life. In the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Church, saints may be venerated (not worshipped). Several saints are also martyrs. Peter’s Square (Gian Lorenzo Bernini, 1656-1666), where an obelisk forces you to make an elegant bend to go up sideways to the symbol of the Catholic Church.
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| 0.962745 | 1,096 | 2.8125 | 3 |
This summer, it seemed like the bugs were out in greater abundance! When aphids were about to take over the garden, we decided it was time to take control. We didn’t want to apply toxic chemicals to our vegetables, so we turned to neem oil. We learned a few things in the process and wanted to share our tips with our gardening friends. At Sow Right Seeds, we love helping gardeners be successful and enjoy their harvest. So, along with our growing guides, we’re sharing our tips on using neem oil for pest and disease control in your garden. We’ll explain what neem oil is and why we use it in our garden.
What is Neem Oil?
Neem oil is a natural, plant-based oil derived from the seeds of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica). Native to India and other parts of Southeast Asia, the neem tree has been revered for its medicinal and pesticidal properties for centuries. The oil is extracted through a process of cold pressing, which ensures that the beneficial compounds in the neem seeds are preserved.
Neem oil has gained popularity in recent years as a safe and eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides and fungicides in gardening. Its active ingredients, particularly azadirachtin, are known for their potent pest-repelling and antifungal properties.
Neem oil is rich in natural compounds, such as azadirachtin, nimbin, and salannin, that make up its potent insecticidal and fungicidal properties.
What Does Neem Oil Do?
Neem oil works as an insect repellent, pesticide, and fungicide. It’s considered an important organic way to control plant pests and diseases.
1. Pest Control: Neem oil is a natural insect repellent and pesticide. It disrupts the feeding and reproductive cycles of many common garden pests, including aphids, mealybugs, spider mites, whiteflies, and caterpillars.
2. Fungicide: Neem oil also has antifungal properties, making it effective in preventing and treating various plant diseases, such as powdery mildew, black spot, rust, and leaf spot.
How Does Neem Oil Work?
Neem oil's effectiveness in pest and disease control is attributed to its active compounds, primarily azadirachtin. Here's how it works:
1. Disrupts Pest Feeding and Reproduction: Azadirachtin interferes with the insects' hormonal systems, disrupting their ability to feed and reproduce. This can lead to reduced pest populations in your garden.
2. Antifungal Benefits: Neem oil's antifungal properties are effective against a variety of plant pathogens. It forms a protective barrier on plant surfaces, preventing fungal spores from germinating and infecting your plants.
What Is Neem Oil Used On?
Neem oil can be used on a wide variety of plants, including vegetables, fruits, herbs, ornamentals, and even houseplants. It is a versatile solution for addressing both pest infestations and fungal diseases. Some common uses for neem oil in the garden include:
2. Flowers and Ornamentals: Using neem oil can help maintain the beauty of your garden by preventing unsightly fungal infections and deterring common garden pests that damage your prized flowers and ornamental plants.
3. Indoor Plants: Neem oil is safe for use on indoor plants, offering a natural way to keep your houseplants healthy and pest-free.
4. Lawns: You can use neem oil to prevent lawn diseases and control pests like grubs and chinch bugs.
How to Use Neem Oil for Garden Pests
Now that you understand what neem oil is and its benefits, we’ll explain how to use it effectively to control garden pests:
1. Prepare the Neem Oil Solution:
- Start by purchasing high-quality neem oil from a reputable supplier.
- Follow the manufacturer's instructions for diluting the neem oil. Typically, a ratio of 1 to 2 tablespoons of neem oil per gallon of water is recommended.
- You will need to keep shaking or stirring the mixture to keep it combined. After all, you’re mixing oil and water. You can also add a few drops of dish soap to help the oil emulsify.
- Neem oil’s effectiveness breaks down within a day, so only mix up as much as you need for each application.
2. Apply the Neem Oil Solution:
- Spot test a leaf first to see if the plant is sensitive to neem oil. Herbs, lettuce, and spinach are more sensitive to sprays.
- Use a handheld or garden sprayer to apply the neem oil solution to both the tops and bottoms of plant leaves.
- Ensure thorough coverage, especially on the parts of the plants most vulnerable to pests.
3. Timing Matters:
- Apply neem oil in the early morning or late evening when the temperature is cooler. This prevents the risk of leaf burn due to sun exposure. It also reduces the chance of interfering with beneficial pollinators.
- Avoid applying neem oil during extreme heat or when rain is expected within a few hours.
4. Repeat as Necessary:
- For ongoing pest control, apply neem oil every 7 to 14 days or as recommended on the product label.
- Continue applications until the pest infestation is under control.
5. Monitor Results:
- Keep an eye on your plants to observe the effectiveness of neem oil in controlling pests. You should see a reduction in pest populations over time.
6. Be Patient:
- Neem oil works gradually, so be patient and persistent in your application. It may take a few weeks to fully control the pest problem. We noticed a significant reduction in aphids with our first neem oil application. But other bugs take multiple applications.
How to Use Neem Oil for Plant Diseases
Neem oil spray can also combat plant diseases such as powdery mildew. It keeps the spores from spreading. To combat plant diseases with neem oil, follow these steps:
1. Prepare the Neem Oil Solution:
- Similar to pest control, dilute neem oil following the manufacturer's instructions.
2. Apply the Neem Oil Solution:
- Use a sprayer to evenly apply the neem oil solution to all parts of the affected plant, including the leaves, stems, and any visible disease symptoms.
- It's important to apply the solution thoroughly, covering both infected areas and the surrounding healthy foliage.
3. Repeat Applications:
- For disease prevention, apply neem oil every 7 to 10 days.
Neem Oil FAQs
Is Neem Oil Toxic to Pets?
Neem oil has to be ingested for it to affect animals. However, getting it in their eyes or nose could give them irritation. Keep pets away while spraying to limit their exposure.
Is Neem Oil safe for bees?
Animals have to eat the oil to be affected. It also breaks down quickly in the sunlight. Apply neem oil in the early morning or late evening to avoid the times when bees and other pollinators are out foraging.
What plants should you not use neem oil on?
While neem oil is safe for plants, some are more sensitive to having oils applied to their leaves. Lettuce, spinach, and some herbs will have leaf wilt when neem oil is used. If you decide the benefits outweigh the risks, apply it in the early morning or late evening to avoid the effects of oil with sunlight on the leaves.
When bugs threaten to overtake your garden, there are many pesticide choices. At Sow Right Seeds, we prefer to use methods that target the destructive bugs without harming the beneficial pollinators. We also don’t want to put chemicals on our food that can be unsafe when we eat them. If disease and pests threaten your garden harvest, try applying neem oil. It’s an eco-friendly pesticide and fungicide that will rescue your plants from attack.
Found this information helpful? Share it with your gardening friends!
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| 0.934276 | 1,717 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Do tropical trees lose their leaves?
by Professor Gene Wengert
There are growth rings in the tropics that reflect the wet/dry season contrast. In fact, in some areas where there are two rainy seasons, there will be two growth rings per year. With tropical species, the nutrients are in the leaves, so a gradual release of leaves means that the soil (which often is sterile from being leached out for centuries) has a new application of minerals/nutrients. Jumping ahead: As a result, it is important that tropical forests are not clear-cut or burned, as that will release all the nutrients so quickly, that they will be leached out forever and the soil cannot support a new forest. In fact, it cannot even support good grass growth for cattle grazing. Because most tropical species are not suited for lumber/veneer production, we seldom had lumber harvesting destroying a tropical forest. But the need for land today for cattle and the fact that with the ban on tropical species that the tropical forests have no economic value (If we hadn't banned tropical wood, the trees would have been so valuable that we probably would have to reconsidering burning for land clearing!), vast areas are being burned and converted to grass permanently. In fact, 96% of the deforestation is the result of burning and not timber harvesting.
Professor Gene Wengert is Extension Specialist in Wood Processing at the Department of Forestry, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Click on Wood Doctor Archives to peruse past answers.
Would you like to add information to this article?
Interested in writing or submitting an article?
Have a question about this article?
Have you reviewed the related Knowledge Base areas below?
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| 0.959949 | 344 | 3.640625 | 4 |
About This Project
Research studies have linked characteristics of eating disorders (e.g., binge eating, extreme dieting) with sleep disturbances (e.g., sleep loss from difficulty falling and staying asleep). This study will test how one night of sleep deprivation affects eating behaviors, including food consumption and disordered eating. This study aims to identify novel risk factors of disordered eating, with hopes to inform interventions for people with eating disorders.
Browse Other Projects on Experiment
Placentophagy is gaining in popularity as supporters of this behavior claim it has the ability to improve...
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| 0.943903 | 119 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Many Inland Empire residents today do not know that in 1914 Booker T. Washington made his last visit to the Inland Empire. He spent a busy day speaking at various venues to tremendous crowds all over Riverside and Redlands. His first presentation was Sunday morning at the new First Congregational Church in Riverside. He spoke of his birth and early childhood on a Virginia plantation before emancipation. He recalled his life as a free youth working in coal mines while attending night school to learn to read and write.
And he spoke of his adult mission to provide quality education for his students at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama after he graduated from Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute (now known as Hampton University). His next stop was Riverside's Second Baptist Church on Twelfth Street. According to reports, crowds of people from the Black communities of Riverside, San Bernardino, and Redlands crowded into the church to get a glimpse of the great orator and educator.
He spoke of a recent visit to Europe and made comparisons between the literacy rates in certain European countries and those of Blacks in America so shortly after emancipation. According to Washington, when Blacks were freed only 3% could read and write, and in only fifty years that number jumped to 70%.His final presentation, given at the Mission Inn (then known as Hotel Glenwood) Music Room, was again crowded with Inland Empire residents eager to hear Washington speak on the importance of education.
He was introduced by Frank Miller, the owner of the hotel and prominent member of the community, as "the wisest man of the age." The two men shared a mutual admiration, as evidenced by the correspondence between the two men and later the letters written between Miller and Booker T. Washington, Jr. after his father's death.In 2001, the Black Voice Foundation organized our first event exploring the legacy of Booker T. Washington and his connection to our local history.
The event featured Washingtons granddaughters and included 500 school children from Riverside and San Bernardino counties. Three years later, the Black Voice Foundation, Inc. once again spearheaded the effort to erect a bust of Washington as a public acknowledgement of this history. Duane Roberts, the current Keeper of the Inn, graciously offered a prime location at the front entrance of the hotel and The Press-Enterprise supported the project as co-sponsors. In April of 2004 the bust was unveiled and hundreds of community members were present to join Washingtons descendents for a first look at the bust.
This year, the Riverside African American Historical Society has joined The Black Voice Foundation, Inc. in celebrating Booker T. Washingtons birthday. The Black Voice News and its co-sponsor The Press-Enterprise are sponsoring the commemoration.
The Brown Family
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http://www.blackvoicenews.com/more-sections/art-a-culture/38010.html
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| 0.974289 | 564 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The very word “shark” is enough to cause people to feel apprehensive about getting into the water. These sleek, efficient predators have also been the subject of Hollywood blockbuster movies. One such movie, Jaws, told of how a giant shark terrorised the inhabitants of a coastal town in America. The inspiration behind the movie was one of the deadliest animals in the ocean, the great white shark. While the story may have been fiction, the great white shark is very real indeed.
The great white shark can be found throughout the world’s oceans. They are most commonly found around California, South Africa and Australia. They are one of the largest shark species on earth and possess speed and power. As we learn more about these incredible animals, we find that they are more intelligent and inquisitive than we imagined.
Regardless of their fearsome reputation, the great white shark is a fascinating animal.
Great White Shark Fact #10: Largest Predatory Fish
The great white shark is the largest known predatory fish on the planet. Adults generally reach around 17 feet long and weigh around 5,000 pounds. One specimen that was an incredible 23 feet long was filmed by divers in a cage. (That’s around 2 feet shorter than the shark in the famous Jaws movies.) The longest recorded length of a great white shark was an estimated 26 feet, although the accuracy of the estimate is not confirmed. Males tend to be considerably smaller than females, although they still measure in at an impressive 13 feet long.
Despite these gigantic lengths, great whites are not the largest sharks of all. That title goes to the whale shark, which measures more than 40 feet long. These sharks are quite harmless to us, however, and are filter feeders that feed on some of the ocean’s smallest inhabitants.
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| 0.960378 | 376 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Vertybės dvasingume ir dvasingumo vertybės
MetadataShow full item record
The article focuses on the concept of spirituality. It is considered that the concept has undergone four historical stages: biologization, logization, psychologization and culturalization. At present (the stage of culturalization), spirituality is identified with people’s creative powers and their abilities to change their immediate environment. However, it is hardly possible to claim that nowadays only the culturological concept of spirituality exists – it is obviously related to the life and mental energy, human feelings and religious experience. In attempt to pinpoint the problem of spirituality, Mureika suggested using the conception of pajauta (c.f. feeling). The word pajauta is used rarely in the Lithuanian language and, moreover, it cannot be translated into other languages. It is close to the word “feeling”, though it implies extrasensory perception, mental intuitivism and it has to do with the quest for the meaning of life. According to Mureika, the only way to comprehend spiritual values is to feel them. Not cherishing values is one of the major problems of contemporary society. In order to address this problem, Lithuanian academicians held several scientific conferences and organized a meeting at the Ministry of Education and Science. It was concluded that the development of spirituality needs a universal conception. This article attempts to develop such a conception by maintaining that spirituality is pajauta (the feeling) of Divinity, and it is both innate and acquired. The Divinity can be understood as Otto presented, i.e. as Numinosum, or it can be seen as a profound respect for life, human being, and, finally, for the God as the beginning of everything. The process of devaluation of spirituality, which is ongoing in contemporary society, is closely connected with pseudo humanistic apotheosis of a human being and with the ideas of postmodernism and neoliberalism. The article claims that in order to develop spirituality, it is necessary to implement considerable changes in education of future teachers.
- Articles / Straipsniai
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https://repository.mruni.eu/handle/007/10668
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| 0.929198 | 446 | 2.59375 | 3 |
TartanHacks Grand Prize
Facebook Company Prize
Attempted Prize Categories
Duolingo’s Social Impact Prize (Educational)
GoDaddy’s Social Impact Prize (“Best app that improves STEM education”)
Long hours spent on ECE problem sets and frustration visualizing convoluted circuits caused these four CMU undergrads to create a circuit visualization system that would also help them solve circuits. A member of the team is currently in the intro ECE course: "Well it's not bad, I guess." - Team Member
What it does
ResistAR is an Augmented Reality Circuit Visualizer and Solver. A user can place down circuit elements in parallel and series configurations and ResistAR will solve the current through and voltage across each element of the circuit. It gives the user an easy way to see (sharp) the circuit.
How we built it
We first began with 3D printed chassis for the VuMark targets. These targets are identified and parsed by the program and cross checked against our cloud database on Vuforia. We then created 3D, textured, models in Blender that will hover over the VuMark targets. We then wrote the code in Unity that will calculate voltage and current values using concepts from vector calculus and matrix algebra.
Challenges we ran into
The math was very difficult and attempting to rush a 3D printed design was also difficult but there was a rush because 3D printing would be a very time consuming process. Thus we also had to create a lot of our latter designs around the already 3D printed parts. VuMarks were also difficult to create. VuMarks must be very easily distinguishable from each other and non-symmetric along any axis, and therefore took a while to get finely tuned and calibrated. Finally the math was a very difficult thing to visualize. We had to go from 3D space to 2D space and there were some difficulties with projections. The coders did end up writing relatively bug-free code, but not before a long, arduous thinking process.
Accomplishments that we're proud of
The two logic/algorithm gods that we had on our team solved an extremely complex math problem very quickly. Also our 3D printed parts are actually fire though. Just saying.
What we learned
Two 5 hour energies in 72 hours is actually not as bad an idea as some might think. Math is hard.
What's next for ResistAR
Norton and Thevenin Equivalents. Yikes.
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| 0.968575 | 528 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Transitioning to a New Housing-Focused Framework
Housing & Child Welfare
Building the capacity of child and family serving agencies to address housing instability, including the need for stable housing in child welfare practice, will decrease the numbers of children in foster care due to housing indicators, while at the same time enhancing support and child protection.
As documented by decades of research, housing instability is a major problem among child welfare families – triggering removal, delaying reunification, and creating conditions that lead to deleterious effects on child well-being.
Housing affects families at each decision point in the child welfare continuum. The integration of housing screening and assessment protocols and practices within mainstream services systems will promote early intervention to prevent housing crises from escalating.
Additionally, by integrating housing strategies into a broad range of child welfare services, families will be assisted in staying together where it is most appropriate.
Housing-related barriers to reunification are often addressed more effectively when a broad range of organizations are involved. The integration of housing-based case management protocols and practices into mainstream services systems in communities will provide the “housing options” that family reunification often requires.
Children from families with housing problems are:
- More likely to be investigated by Child Protective
Services (Culhane et al, 2004)
- More likely to be placed in out-of-home care (Courtney et al, 2004)
- Longer stayers in foster care (Jones, 1998)
Thirty percent of children in foster care are there because of housing problems (Doerre & Mihaly, 1996; Hagedorn, 1995; Thoma, 1998).
Housing poses a special challenge for which CW workers are uniquely ill-equipped (English, 2005).
According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (2018), housing problems are commonplace among child welfare families; one in ten foster children are removed due to inadequate housing.
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It’s Alaska 1948 and ten-year-old Frederika has just watched her teacher leave — another in a long line of teachers who have left the village because the smell of fish was too strong, the way of life too hard. Will another teacher come to the small Athabascan village on the Koyukuk River to teach Fred and her friends in the one-room schoolhouse? Will she stay, or will she hate the smell of fish, too?
In The Year of Miss Agnes, by Kirkpatrick Hill, third graders are reading a story about Alaska, about the old ways and the new, about pride. And it’s a story about a great teacher who opens a door to the world — where, once you go through, nothing is ever the same again.
Additionally, they are getting an opportunity to study Native North American art. Art teacher Danica Rickards has designed lessons which help students become familiar with the purpose and different styles of animal representations used by various groups. Students will have a variety of projects in which to try their hands.
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Our economy and future way of life depend on how well American manufacturing managers adapt to the dynamic, globally competitive landscape and evolve their firms to keep pace. A major challenge is how to structure the firms environment so that it attains the speed and low cost of high-volume flow lines while retaining the flexibility and customization potential of a low-volume job shop.
The book's three parts are organized according to three categories of skills required by managers and engineers: basics, intuition, and synthesis. Part I reviews traditional operations management techniques and identifies the necessary components of the science of manufacturing. Part II presents the core concepts of the book, beginning with the structure of the science of manufacturing and a discussion of the systems approach to problem solving. Other topics include behavioral tendencies of manufacturing plants, push and pull production systems, the human element in operations management, and the relationship between quality and operations. Chapter conclusions include main points and observations framed as manufacturing laws. In Part III, the lessons of Part I and the laws of Part II are applied to address specific manufacturing management issues in detail. The authors compare and contrast common problems, including shop floor control, long-range aggregate planning, workforce planning, and capacity management. A main focus in Part III is to help readers visualize how general concepts in Part II can be applied to specific problems.
Written for both engineering and management students, the authors demonstrate the effectiveness of a rule-based and data driven approach to operations planning and control. They advance an organized framework from which to evaluate management practices and develop useful intuition about manufacturing systems.
Table of Contents:
- 0. Factory Physics?
- I: THE LESSONS OF HISTORY
- 1. Manufacturing in America
- 2. Inventory Control: From EOQ to ROP
- 3. The MRP Crusade
- 4. From the JIT Revolution to Lean Manufacturing
- 5. What Went Wrong?
- II: FACTORY PHYSICS
- 6. A Science of Manufacturing
- 7. Basic Factory Dynamics
- 8. Variability Basics
- 9. The Corrupting Influence of Variability
- 10. Push and Pull Production Systems
- 11. The Human Element in Operations Management,
- 12. Total Quality Manufacturing
- III: PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
- 13. A Pull Planning Framework,
- 14. Shop Floor Control
- 15. Production Scheduling
- 16. Aggregate and Workforce Planning
- 17. Supply Chain Management
- 18. Capacity Management
- 19. Synthesis--Putting It All Together
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| 0.885813 | 524 | 2.625 | 3 |
From The Beginning: The Importance Of Reishiki In Iaido
By Deborah Klens-Bigman,Ph.D.
A story: Three American senior martial arts students went to Japan in
the company of their Japanese teacher. They stayed for several weeks,
went sightseeing, and generally had a wonderful time. There was only one
disappointment: they didn’t visit any Japanese dojo.
After their initial distress, they decided among themselves that the
teachers they might have visited were probably busy or out of town. Some
time later, I had an opportunity to ask their teacher why the group did
not meet any other teachers while in Japan.
The teacher mentioned one member of the group by name and said, “His
manners are terrible. That’s why I didn’t take them.”
He didn’t mention the group’s skill level (which was pretty
high, I thought). Skill didn’t matter. Without proper manners, one
member of the group could disgrace him and his U.S. dojo. He decided not
to take the risk.
As the above story illustrates, without good manners, you can’t
get very far in martial arts. This is especially true for iaido. Iaido,
the Japanese art of drawing the sword, is the modern descendant of earlier
techniques taught to inflict deadly injury on someone else. Certainly,
in the time before the Meiji era (1868 - 1912)in Japan, the potential
for deadly misuse was high.
Like the European Code of Chivalry, ethical standards and texts evolved
to train the minds of swordsmen as well as their bodies to impart judgment
and compassion as well as skill in the use of a surgically sharp blade.
Though there were numerous violent incidents, the effectiveness of these
efforts is evidenced by the relative peace of the Tokugawa era (1602 –
1867) and the fairly smooth transition to imperial rule in 1868.
Sword-drawing arts that later gave rise to iaido and kendo preserved at
least some of these aspects of ethical behavior. In modern kendo, rules
apply to ensure participants’ safety as well as good sportsmanlike
conduct. In iaido, different styles include various mechanisms to ensure
a meditative and reflective mindset designed to allow the iaidoka (one
who practices iaido) to contemplate life and death and consider compassion
in the use of a sword.
Though iaido is a modern descendant, many iaidoka use real swords if
they have them. Especially in non-Japanese dojo that may not reflect a
less-violent culture (e.g. the U.S.), disciplining one’s ego becomes
of paramount importance.
One of the most obvious examples for observers to an iaido dojo of this
sense of circumspect contemplation is reishiki, the bowing ceremony.
Reishiki not only teaches respect and self-control, it sets off time
in the dojo from time in ordinary life. As many anthropologists studying
ritual have pointed out, an opening/closing ritual “sets off”
the time in between as “special time.” In terms of iaido practice
reishiki sets off the dojo as a place to recognize practices and hierarchies
not normally considered in everyday life. For example, a construction
worker may become a dojo chief instructor, a successful attorney may be
gently cuffed around as an unranked beginner.
Iaidoka may do partner practice with wooden swords, a potentially dangerous
activity. Reishiki signals an atmosphere of mutual trust in the dojo wherein
these activities may safely take place.
Japanese books on iaido show proper sword etiquette and what a proper
bow looks like. They rarely include further explanation because it is
assumed the student is working with a teacher who can give further explanation
Additionally, bowing is still such an important part of the Japanese
cultural landscape that training in basic etiquette is not usually necessary.
English language books may show proper handling of the sword but may not
show a proper bow. Though a Western iaido teacher should be sufficiently
trained to show proper reishiki to his students, there are any number
of “textbook warriors” out there whose only source of information
is a book. Maybe this essay can fill in the gap.
There are many variations on reishiki observed by various styles and
even variations from one dojo to the next, but, generally speaking, iaido
reishiki seeks to honor three aspects of practice: acknowledgment of a
kamidana or shinzen, the teacher and the sword. Reishiki is preceded by
a moment of “mokuso” or quietness, whether standing or sitting
(some groups prefer “zazen” or sitting for a few moments of
A Proper Bow
While it seems less important to non-Japanese, learning to bow properly,
especially if the dojo is affiliated with a Japanese dojo (or hopes to
affiliate with one) is possibly more important than any iaido technique.
Bowing properly will open doors. Not bowing properly shows disrespect
and can close them instead.
A bow from seiza (kneeling position)
is most formal. First, sit properly in seiza (back straight, shoulders
relaxed, knees not more than one fist apart, gaze level, chin slightly
tucked in). Hands are placed on top of the thighs.
At New York Budokai, we place the hands just in front of the crease
where the top of the thigh meets the body.
To start the bow, bend forward(back straight)and
slide the left hand from the thigh to the floor,fingers together,thumb
out. Next slide the right hand to the floor. The thumbs and forefingers
of both hands touch slightly, creating what Tamiya ryu teacher Michael
Alexanian calls an “arrowhead shape” on the floor. The
back and arms remain straight.
bows by lowering the forearms to rest on the floor, keeping the
back straight and head properly aligned. Outside of being more
polite than showing the back of your head, keeping the head and
neck aligned with the back allows the iaidoka to see peripherally
all around. To recover from the bow, simply straighten the arms,
keeping the hands on the floor. Slide the right hand back up the
thigh first, then the left hand as you straighten the back and
return to the starting position.
Click on the
image to see the full sequence
A standing bow is executed similarly with the back straight,
head and neck aligned, but the hands remain relaxed at the sides. Once
again you should be able to peripherally observe your surroundings.
In particular, you should be able to observe the person or thing you
are bowing to.
There is a lot of protocol attached to the length of time it takes to
bow and how deeply one should bow. Bowing too quickly or shallowly could
be considered disrespectful if directed to the shinzen (or kamidana)
or a teacher. Bowing too deeply to a fellow dojo member could considered
ostentatious or at least obsequious.
While every group has its own bowing protocols, generally the order is
the same: shinzen or kamidana first, teacher second and sword last to
begin class. The deepest, longest bow is always to the shinzen or kamidana,
less for the teacher and the sword. At the end of the class, the order
is reversed: sword, teacher, shinzen or kamidana. Iaido groups associated
with the various kendo federations affiliated with the Zen Nihon Kendo
Renmei/Zen Nihon Iaido Renmei have association-wide protocols. Smaller
groups have their own variations.
Though individual details vary, if one goes from one sword dojo to another,
the basics of reishiki are similar enough that to be familiar with one
is sufficient to follow along in most of the others. The following outlines
reishiki at New York Budokai, and generally follows Muso Shinden ryu protocol.
consists of a piece of calligraphy by our dojo founder,
Otani Yoshiteru. The inscription reads: “Great Universe,
Great God Spirit.”
Many traditional dojo have a kamidana or kamiza. The aikido dojo kamidana
is probably most familiar to U.S. martial artists. It is a small shelf,
located well above the dojo floor which has a photo of Ueshiba Morihei
and perhaps a vase of flowers or some other offering. Rather than a kamidana,
New York Budokai uses a shinzen to designate its spiritual focus.
Otani Sensei once explained to me the divine exists all around us, and
the shinzen provides a focus for meditation practice. Though the sentiment
expressed bears some relation to Shinto, I like to think of the shinzen
as reminding me of my place in the universe, which is very, very, very
small. Iaido, with its 400-year history, has a slightly larger one, but
admittedly, the universe pretty much overwhelms everything on a human
As a matter of dojo custom, the newest member present is charged with
both putting up the shinzen before and taking it down after class. On
the one hand, taking care of the shinzen could be considered an honor,
but mostly, it is a responsibility and therefore good training for a newcomer.
If this duty is overlooked (a very rare occurrence) the malefactor endures
public embarrassment for being forgetful, which is generally enough to
ensure it won’t be forgotten again.
As is common in many dojo, New York Budokai members line up, seated
in seiza, with the teacher in front. The highest ranked student is to
the teacher’s left. The teacher sits with his back to the shinzen
to start. After a moment of mokuso or zazen, the teacher turns to the
shinzen and announces, “Shinzen ni rei!” and leads the first
bow. The students always follow the teacher’s lead in bowing. It
is considered rude to finish any bow before the teacher has finished (yet
another reason why being able to see peripherally during bowing is very
Obviously, our most important teacher is Mr. Otani, the dojo founder.
When he is present the bow to the teacher is always directed to him. Generally
speaking, as with many martial arts dojo, the highest-ranked person is
the teacher of a given session and is addressed as “sensei”
while on the floor.
While some martial arts groups are less traditional with the use of the
word "sensei," at New York Budokai we follow generally-accepted
custom and consider "sensei" to be an honorific designation
for a teacher. It is also used to refer to someone whose higher learning
commands your respect (in Japan, a patient addresses his doctor as "sensei").
Technically, it is used only by a student to address her own teacher.
A teacher never refers to himself as "sensei." Likewise, it
is unnecessary to refer to another teacher not one's own as "sensei"
unless the person is present and you wish to be exceptionally polite.
In most circumstances, however, it would not be polite to address someone
else as "sensei" in the presence of your own teacher.
After the shinzen bow, the teacher turns again to face the students.
The highest-ranked student in the line gives the command “Sensei
ni rei!” and leads the bow to the teacher, who also bows to the
students at the same time.
We keep the sword at the right side (edge facing away) for the bows to
the shinzen and teacher. It is then picked up with the right hand and
placed with the butt end touching the floor in front and center of the
knees. The sageo (a cord attached to the saya) is allowed to fall naturally.
The kurigata (the hole that the sageo passes through) is to the right,
and the edge faces away from the iaidoka. The left hand takes control
of the sword by holding the tsuba (guard) and the right hand passes down
the side, smoothing the sageo as it goes.
The iaidoka then returns the right hand to holding the sword and passes
the left hand down, the thumb pressing the sageo. When the left hand reaches
the bottom of the saya, the sword is picked up and placed on its side
on the floor in front of the iaidoka.
The tsuba is to the right and the edge faces away. The blade is centered
to the person (in a crowded lineup the sword may be angled so the tsuba
is further away). The hands are returned to the top of the thighs in preparation
for the bow. Sometimes the teacher gives a command, but more often the
bow to the sword is commenced in silence.
After the bow,
the sword is picked up to stand on its end again, the right hand
gathers up the sageo and the sword is either returned to the right
side or tucked into the obi to begin practice, depending on instructions
from the teacher.
Click on the
image to see the full sequence
As in many dojo, there are numerous other short bows that take place
during the course of a practice. Partners bow to each other before and
after kumidachi (kata for two persons with wooden swords) exercises. Persons
entering and leaving the floor during practice bow on their way in and
out. If a practice is underway and a higher-ranked person appears late,
it is customary for the group to stop practice, remove their swords from
their obi (sash) and greet the newcomer with a bow before resuming practice.
If a lower-ranked person is late for practice, they are expected to perform
reishiki on their own before joining the group. Likewise, someone leaving
early is expected to do the same.
Muso Shinden ryu no longer has a specific hierarchy, so variations in
reishiki have evolved through a number of very highly-ranked teachers.
However, it is largely the same from group to group. Regardless of the
possible variations, showing proper respect to the dojo and fellow dojo
members and teachers is always essential, the more so when the art is
as potentially dangerous as iaido.
Learning to bow properly in the dojo will also serve you well should
you or your group ever have the opportunity to visit Japan or (even better)
to properly comport yourself should your group be lucky enough to have
a visit from a Japanese teacher.
Copyright 2002 Deborah Klens-Bigman
About the Author:
Deborah Klens-Bigman is Manager and Associate Instructor of iaido at
New York Budokai in New York City. She has also studied, to varying extents,
kendo, jodo (short staff), kyudo (archery) and naginata (halberd). She
received her Ph.D in 1995 from New York University's Department of Performance
Studies where she wrote her dissertation on Japanese classical dance (Nihon
Buyo). and she continues to study Nihon Buyo with Fujima Nishiki at the
Ichifuji-kai Dance Association. Her article on the application of performance
theory to Japanese martial arts appeared in the Journal of Asian Martial
Arts in the summer of 1999. She is married to artist Vernon Bigman. For
FightingArts.com she is Associate Editor for Japanese Culture/Sword Arts.
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| 0.936475 | 3,451 | 3 | 3 |
In many ways public education has helped shape the nation in which we live. For most of us, had it not been for our initial public education we would not be where we are today. Education today is not the same as most of us remember. Current economic and social issues have had a drastic impact on the system; so much so public education has been placed on the backburner of our state’s political budget. We are now under a system that is failing not only the student’s but the state’s economic future as well. As we all know the days of being able to leave high school and enter a prosperous workforce are but a figment of the past. How can we build an economic future with an uneducated or mis-educated population? The negative effects of budget cuts are numerous and long lasting, but we cannot allow these tactics to hold us hostage.
The Flint Public School District has made many strides in the last year in terms of curbing the dropout rate and graduating seniors. According to the Michigan (CEPI) “Center for Educational Performance and Information” last year the city of Flint saw the “on time” graduation rate increase to 52.64% and the dropout rate decrease to just 19.55%, a significant gain from the 30.44% dropout rate that existed in 2008. These gains show that the efforts of the school district in terms of graduation are making great progress, but where the system fails is what happens to these same students after they walk across the stage. According to another CEPI study titled “Student Performance against ACT College Readiness Benchmarks” only 2.3% of Flint students that took the ACT actually passed the test. These statistics were based on 514 students that took the test during the 2010-2011 school year. Another (CEPI) report “Remedial Coursework Report For Enrollees in Michigan Public Institutions of Higher Education” shows that 56.86% of all students that graduated from Flint high schools and went to a public college had to take remedial courses their first year of college. So while gains were made in the graduation rate it appears that adequate college preparatory education has suffered.
The fact is, not everyone is going to go to college, and however those that do aspire for a higher education need to be prepared for that challenge. Students should be able to go to college and not have to waste time and tuition on course curriculum they should have learned while in high school. In our current economic climate school districts are forced to meet “No Child Left Behind” guidelines as well as be able to do “more with less”. These factors have left our students and our state’s economy high and dry, not to mention the stressors these issues place on teachers and administrators in our districts. There are remedies to these issues that could potentially help solve some of the problems. First, we must begin to adopt a college preparatory curriculum that will allow those who want to pursue college the ability to pass the ACT exam as well as avoid costly and timely remedial courses. Next, we must adopt during or after school programming that will help in the socialization of students and gear them towards college or career preparation. Such programming can aid in the betterment of our students as well as prepare them for life after high school, which will in turn create a positive change for our communities as a whole. One organization that has a program that could fit this mold is The Hope Initiative Party’s “Rites of Passage Program”. For more information feel free to contact Granton Brooks at [email protected]. We must seriously weigh our options in terms of our student’s futures or continue down the path of economic ruin.
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| 0.975965 | 775 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Editor, Earth News
Danger lurks behind many petals
Honeybees warn each other to steer clear of dangerous flowers where they might get killed by lurking predators.
Scientists made the discovery by placing dead bees upon flowers and then watching how newly arriving bees react to the danger.
Not only do the bees avoid the flowers, they then communicate the threat when they return to the hive via their well known waggle dance.
The discovery is published in the journal Animal Behaviour.
The honeybee waggle dance is a surprisingly sophisticated mode of communication.
When foraging bees return to the hive, they waggle their bodies in a complex dance first deciphered by biologists more than 40 years ago.
The angle and direction of the forager bees' waggle dance conveys how far and in what direction other more naive bees need to fly to reach flowers that will provide plentiful sources of food.
The crab spider Diaea dorsata is best avoided
Honeybees are also more likely to waggle and dance when returning from food sources containing high concentrations of sucrose.
But now scientists Kevin Abbott and Reuven Dukas of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada have found that honeybees use the waggle dance to do more than just encourage others in their colony to visit bountiful flowers.
They trained honeybees to visit two artificial flowers containing the same amount and concentration of food.
They left one flower untouched, making it a "safe" food source for the bees.
On the other flower, they placed the bodies of two dead bees, so they were visible to arriving insects, but would not interfere with their foraging.
A crab spider kills a flower visiting wasp
They then recorded whether and how the bees performed a waggle dance on their return to other members of the hive colony.
On average, bees returning from safe flowers performed 20 to 30 times more waggle runs that bees returning from dangerous flowers.
That shows that the bees recognise that certain flowers carry a higher risk of being killed or eaten by predators, such as crab spiders or other spider species that ambush visiting bees.
What's more, they factor this risk into their waggle dances, tempering them to steer their colony mates away from flowers that might be dangerous.
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| 0.928508 | 474 | 3.328125 | 3 |
“You Can’t Keep Her Out”: Mary Church Terrell’s Fight for Equality in America
Project Group: Mickaela Fouad, Sarah Minion, Natalia Shevin
Student Editor: Natalia Shevin
Mary Eliza Church Terrell (1863-1954) was born in Memphis, Tennessee, to Robert Reed Church and Louisa Ayers, both mixed-race and formerly enslaved. Her father is widely known as the first Black millionaire in the South. Terrell sustained a commitment to social justice as well as to pioneering programs and developing opportunities for the advancement of both Black people and women.
After attending school in Yellow Springs, Ohio, Church enrolled in Oberlin College’s preparatory department from 1879 to 1880. Immediately following that, she spent four years in the college. While female students generally enrolled in the Literary Course, or “ladies’ course,” Mary Church chose to pursue the Classical Course, or “gentlemen’s course,” which required an additional two years and more rigorous study. Church graduated from Oberlin College in 1884, along with Anna Julia Haywood Cooper (1858-1964) and Ida Gibbs (1862-1957), who both remained lifelong colleagues.1 She excelled during her time at Oberlin College, receiving high marks in her classes and participating in a prestigious literary society.2
On 18 October 1891, Mary Church married Robert Heberton Terrell, the first Black man to graduate Magna Cum Laude from Harvard University. Mary Church Terrell suffered the loss of three children, with only Phyllis Church (later Langston) surviving past infancy.3 The Terrells adopted another child in 1905, Mary Louise (later Geaudreau). Both daughters attended Oberlin from 1913 to 1914; Phyllis enrolled in the academy and conservatory, and Mary Louise enrolled in the college.
Terrell sustained a lifelong relationship with Oberlin College, deeply moved by her own experiences and education, but later criticized its failure to uphold the values which she considered essential to its existence. She pushed for Oberlin to keep to its progressive roots to inform its pedagogy and residential policy. In 1911, to celebrate the centenary of the birth of Harriet Beecher Stowe, she hoped to give a lecture to Oberlin students about Stowe’s commitment to racial equality but was ultimately denied this opportunity. In 1914, the college refused to integrate housing for her daughters.
Despite this, she continued to cite her own time at Oberlin as a source of inspiration in her many years as an activist for diverse causes, including women’s issues, civil rights, and education. During her career she was the founding president of the National Association of Colored Women and founder of the College Alumnae Council. In addition, Terrell was a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Women’s Committee for Equal Justice, the Civil Rights Congress, and the Women’s Republican League of Washington, D.C. She was the first Black woman to serve on the Washington D.C Board of Education.4
For a woman who worked closely with communists and accused communists later in life, she remained dedicated to the United States and its Constitution. She met regularly with politicians to demand justice for Black people and particularly Black women, once famously confronting William Howard Taft, then Secretary of War under Theodore Roosevelt, to investigate the dishonorable discharge of three Black soldiers in 1906. But her proximity to Washington did not keep her from participating in direct actions, particularly during her efforts to desegregate restaurants in the 1940s and 1950s.
While she championed countless causes, Terrell was especially active in support of the rights of Black women. She not only stood as an emblem of equality, but she also took up the cause of individual cases, such as that of Rosa Lee Ingram, who was falsely accused of murder. Fighting on the eve of the modern Civil Rights movement, Terrell used the newly established United Nations to challenge internal racist policies at a time when America sought to promote an image of democracy abroad. Ultimately, Mary Church Terrell’s fervor, persistence, and unwavering commitment to equality fueled her continued activism until her dying days.
The Oberlin College Archives holds an extensive collection for Mary Church Terrell, including her student files, correspondences with President Churchill King, and six new boxes that were donated by Terrell’s descendent in June 2015.
Note: For documents in this project, we have used “<>” to flag handwritten additions by the author to original typescripts.
1 Anna Julia Haywood Cooper (1858-1964) was a widow when she began at Oberlin College. Ida Gibbs (1862-1957; later Hunt). Terrell wrote in her diary on 26 March 1948 about a visit she had with Ida Gibbs Hunt, 64 years after attending Oberlin together.
2 Terrell was a member of the Aelioian Literary Society at Oberlin College.
3 Phyllis was named for Phyllis Wheatley, who was formerly enslaved and became the first Black woman poet to be published. On the 1905 Quinquennial Catalogue of Officers and Graduates, Terrell writes, “Children born: <Four children, of whom one only is living – Phyllis Church Terrell shall attend Oberlin College>” (Student File: Mary Church Terrell, Folder 2, O. C. A.).
4 She was not shy about reporting her achievements, especially to the Oberlin administration after they repeatedly ostracized her. In a letter to Oberlin College Secretary George Jones on 26 April 1935, Terrell informed him of her time as the Secretary of the Race Relations Committee of the Washington Federation of Churches, secretary of the Congregational Church, and appointment on the Board of Education. She wrote, “I tell you this, because it may interest you to know what an Oberlin woman does with her training when she works for the community in which she lives.” (Student File: Mary Church Terrell, Folder 2, O. C. A.).
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Technology is moving at an alarming pace. Under the bonnet, new cars contain technology that was only trialled in Formula 1 cars a decade ago. On the dashboard, cars are looking more futuristic than even the most outlandish science fiction cartoons of the 80s. Features such as head-up-displays – once the preserve of fighter jets – make the interior of our family saloons seem veritably space-age.
So what can we expect in the coming years? Speculation is easy, and of course there’s an element of conjecture in any prediction. But judging by the kind of technology that’s available at the very highest echelons of motoring privilege, and the technology that is being rapidly developed in laboratories, it isn’t too difficult to work out what to expect. Here’s are five technologies likely to appear in the next generation of cars.
Cars That Communicate With Each Other
At the moment, driving on the public road requires a rather fragmented form of communication. A driver brakes, causing his car’s brake lights to illuminate and the car to slow down. The driver behind must react to the brake lights and apply his own brakes. This is a slightly convoluted process which can cause long tailbacks on the motorway, but that can be streamlined using car-to-car communication.
It doesn’t stop at braking though. Junctions with reduced visibility are fraught with dangers to all road users. If a car is able to register another car’s presence, bearing and speed before it comes into view, motorists will be safer.
An Electronic Valet
Every year, motoring journalists and writers will declare that driver-less cars are imminent. And it’s true that teams from Google and Oxford University have created passable driverless cars with good safety records in testing. However, what we’re more likely to see in the next generation of vehicles is automated parking – a much more limited (but still very useful) version of the near-total autonomy being researched at the moment.
Cars are already able to park themselves. Several Lexus models have been able to do this for a while, and the German manufacturers (among others) have released models with advanced ‘parking assist’. What we’re looking forward to is cars that can slowly navigate around a car park until they find a space, before neatly parking themselves in it with ample space for all passengers to get out.
This won’t be popular with drivers, but we’re bound to encounter more monitoring systems in our cars in future. We’re already finding that drivers willingly have ‘black boxes’ fitted in their cars to reduce their insurance premiums based on their driving style (the AA offer one such policy). The risk of a driver falling asleep at the wheel could be allayed with sensors that are triggered by symptoms of drowsiness, and a car could decide not to start at all if the driver is drunk.
Media on Demand
We’ve been rather limited in terms of in-car entertainment. With the exception of CD changers – which enable the user to store just half a dozen albums and change between them using buttons – and the very recent inclusion of mp3 player connectivity, drivers have been stuck with the radio since the 1920s.
It won’t be long before cars present a genuinely advanced selection of media. Instead of having to plug an MP3 player in or use old-fashioned analogue signals, the cars of the future will present thousands of online radio stations and selective music streaming services like Spotify.
Apple’s Siri is a popular gimmick on the iconic iPhone, but it has paved the way for a much wider uptake of voice recognition software. Using voice activated commands instead of buttons and switches will improve safety and enhance the driving experience. Expect to be adjusting the climate control, turning the radio on, putting the car into ‘sport’ mode or even turning the ignition with your voice.
Of course, we’re also reaching a stage where the car can make decisions for us. Sensors detect rain, darkness and fog, enabling the car to automatically switch on headlights, windscreen wipers and fog lights respectively. Real advances in automotive automation mean that we won’t need to tell our cars to do these things – vocally or otherwise.
Image Credit: commons.wikimedia.org
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What is demodecosis?
Demodecosis is a parasitic skin condition, caused by demodex mites. These microscopic mites can be found on the skin of all animals, but in some cases they proliferate to excessive levels and cause clinical signs. This increase is often associated with a suppressed immune system, although this is not always the case.
While demodecosis is more common in dogs than cats, there are two species of demodex mites that can affect cats: Demodex cati and Demodex gatoi. Demodex cati is typically found within the hair follicles, while D. gatoi is more likely to live on the surface of the skin. Cats of all breeds and ages can be affected by demodex mites, although Burmese and Siamese cats do appear to be overrepresented.
Demodex mites are species-specific. Each species of demodex mite only has one host species on which it can survive. This means that an infected dog cannot transmit demodex mites to a cat, and vice-versa. Additionally, demodex mites found on cats and dogs do not spread to humans.
What are the clinical signs of demodecosis?
Demodex mites can be associated with localized or generalized disease. Signs vary, depending on the species of mite involved.
Demodex cati is frequently associated with hair loss, skin inflammation, and crusting. The skin lesions may be itchy, though this is not always the case. In some cases, cats may have only localized skin issues; commonly on the face, head, and neck. In other cases, lesions may spread to involve the entire body. Demodex cati can also be a cause of recurrent ear infections.
Demodex gatoi frequently causes severe itching, inflammation of the skin, and crusts along the trunk and limbs. In some cases, cats may develop ulcers on the lips or small scabs (military dermatitis) across the entire body. In most cases, the skin issues associated with Demodex gatoi are clinically indistinguishable from allergic skin disease. Therefore, demodecosis should be considered a possibility in any cat suspected of having allergic skin disease. Some cats infected with Demodex gatoi may be completely asymptomatic with no visible skin lesions.
How is demodex diagnosed?
Diagnosing demodex typically requires a test known as a skin scrape. In this test, your veterinarian will use a scalpel blade to scrape off some of the outer layers of skin cells, removing demodex mites that may be living on the surface of the skin or in the hair follicles. The samples obtained via the skin scrape will be examined under a microscope to assess for the presence of demodex mites.
Other tests that may be used to assess for the presence of demodex include an acetate tape preparation, in which a piece of transparent tape is applied to your cat's skin to lift off any parasites that may be living on the surface. This piece of tape is then examined under a microscope for the presence of demodex mites. Hair pluck samples may also be examined under the microscope, looking for demodex mites that may be found within the hair follicle. Less commonly, more invasive tests such as skin biopsy may be required to visualize the demodex mites within the hair follicle.
In cases of ear infections caused by demodex, the mite is often discovered while attempting to the find the cause of recurrent ear infections. This workup frequently involves taking swabs of otic debris from the ear canals, then examining this debris under a microscope. If a cat is infected with demodex, demodex mites may be seen during microscopic examination of the otic debris.
Image via Wikimedia Commons / Joel Mills (CC BY-SA 3.0.)
How did my cat contract demodex?
"Demodex cati is not contagious and cannot be spread between cats. Demodex gatoi, however, is contagious to other cats."
Demodex cati is not contagious and cannot be spread between cats. Cases of localized infection do not necessarily indicate an underlying cause, however, generalized infection may indicate underlying immunosuppression that is allowing the mite to multiply out of control. In cases of generalized Demodex cati infestations, your veterinarian may recommend testing for Feline Leukemia Virus, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus, or other immunosuppressive conditions. Additionally, Demodex cati may be associated with medications that can suppress the immune system; your veterinarian will take a thorough history to ensure that your cat is not receiving any medications that may lead to this condition.
Demodex gatoi, however, is contagious to other cats. Because some cats may remain asympomatic even if infected, it is important to consider the possibility of asymptomatic carriers if you have a multi-cat home and issues with Demodex gatoi in one cat.These cats may spread demodex mites to other cats in the home, even if they are not showing signs of skin disease.
How is demodex treated?
The treatment of feline demodecosis depends upon which specific demodex species is involved.
"Although not all infected cats have a suppressed immune system, many cats do and these cats cannot be successfully treated until the immunosuppression is addressed."
With Demodex cati, successful treatment depends upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause of immunosuppression. Although not all infected cats have a suppressed immune system, many cats do and these cats cannot be successfully treated until the immunosuppression is addressed. As immunosuppression is addressed or ruled out, antibiotics are given to address secondary bacterial skin infections and medication will be administered to kill the demodex mites. The options for addressing Demodex cati mites include topical treatments (lime sulfur dips), oral medications (ivermectin or milbemycin), as well as other options. Each treatment has a unique set of benefits and side effects, so your veterinarian will work with you to determine the best treatment for your cat.
In cats with Demodex gatoi, successful treatment relies on treating all cats in the household. The treatments used to treat Demodex gatoi are similar to those used for Demodex cati, including lime sulfur, ivermectin, milbemycin, or other treatments.
What is my cat’s prognosis with treatment?
In most cases, demodecosis in cats can be successfully treated. The prognosis for cats infected with Demodex gatoi is very good, if all in-contact cats can be treated to prevent re-infection. The prognosis for cats infected with Demodex cati depends on the ability to manage any underlying immunosuppressive conditions, but treatment is typically effective if underlying immunosuppression is ruled out or eliminated.
This client information sheet is based on material written by:
© Copyright 2017 LifeLearn Inc. Used and/or modified with permission under license.
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NWEA MAP FAQs
1. What is MAP?
MAP assessments are computer adaptive achievement tests in Mathematics, Science and Reading.
2. What are computer adaptive tests?
MAP dynamically adapts to a student’s responses – as they take the test. Answer a question correctly and the test presents a more challenging item. Miss a question, and MAP offers a simpler item. In this way, the test narrows in on a student’s learning level, engaging them with content that allows them to succeed.
3. What tests are available?
Students are assigned to take MAP based on grade level, MAP for Primary Grades (MPG), MAP 2-5, or MAP 6+. 4. What is the purpose of the Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) assessment? MAP is a norm-referenced measure of student growth over time. MAP assessments, joined with other data points, provide detailed, actionable data about where each child is on his or her unique learning path. MAP assessments differ from other data sources used by schools to inform instruction by being nationally normed, by tracking student progress throughout a year and across school years, and by being linked to software tools which can assist teachers and administrators in planning instruction.
5. What are the uses of MAP?
MAP tests are based on a continuum of skills in Mathematics, Science and Reading from low skill levels to high skill levels. MAP assessments help teachers identify the instructional level of the student and also provide context for determining where each student is performing in relation to local or state standards and national norms. MAP reports allow teachers to better target instruction based on students’ strengths and needs.
6. What features does Map for Primary Grades (MPG) have that make it a unique kind of assessment?
MPG assessments meet the unique needs of early learners by utilizing advanced technology to display interactive visuals and audio for beginning readers. For example, the computer automatically plays audio instructions to the student, eliminating the challenges of early learners who cannot read. Students are able to use a mouse to perform an action.
7. What is the testing window for schools?
In order to track growth during the school year, students in grades 1 through 8 are assessed two or three times: namely, in the beginning (Fall), middle (school-based decision, Winter), and end of the school year (Spring).
8. How is progress measured?
MAP assessments are used to measure a student’s growth in Mathematics, Science and Reading. The Fall assessment gathers baseline. The Winter assessment measures progress. The Spring assessment measures the students’ growth to that point. The scale used to measure a student’s progress is called the RIT scale, short for Rasch Unit (Rasch unIT). The RIT scale is an equal-interval scale much like inches on a yardstick. It is used to chart a student’s academic growth from year to year. The RIT is not a measure of mastery or a grade, rather it provides information about what a student is ready to learn. Based upon the reading RIT score, students see a variety of texts during the assessment, which range in complexity. If students read and understand texts in these levels, a lexile range is calculated based upon their performance. Lexile is one of many ways to measure text complexity.
9. What is a RIT Scale?
The RIT Scale is a curriculum scale that uses individual item difficulty values to estimate student achievement. An advantage of the RIT scale is that it can relate the numbers on the scale directly to the difficulty of items on the tests. In addition, the RIT scale is an equal interval scale. Equal interval means that the difference between scores is the same regardless of whether a student is at the top, bottom, or middle of the RIT scale, and it has the same meaning regardless of grade level.
10. What is a Lexile measurement?
Lexile is a unit for measuring text difficulty that is linked to the RIT score. Visit lexile.com to enter Lexile Range and generate appropriate reading lists. For students in grades K-2, please refer parents to the developmental levels. Other considerations for choosing appropriate text include your child’s interests, themes and content of the books, and the purpose for the books. The Lexile scale helps identify reading material that is at an appropriate difficulty level for an individual student. It is important to keep in mind that Lexile does not evaluate genre, theme, content, or interest. Even though a student might be able to read books at a certain Lexile, the content or theme of the text may not be appropriate for that particular student because of his or her age or developmental level.
11. How does MAP relate to student placement in gifted and talented classes?
MAP is generally not used as a sole determinant for G/T placement, but the data from the MAP assessment may be included as part of the placement review process along with other data points, such as student work samples and other assessment data.
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My Writing Journal (WJ3) includes 36 exercises based on the Six Traits Writing Model, the gold standard of writing instruction. Fun exercises are flexible for self-directed study, group work, or whole-class instruction – 96 pages.
Each Write & Draw Journal (WJ1, WJ2, WJ4) includes grade-appropriate writing and drawing prompts. Ignite students' creativity and imagination while strengthening writing skills. Each page offers areas to create and write – 80 pages.
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The UK and global labour markets are changing significantly. In the UK we have faced a level of immigration of around 500 – 600 thousand people (the government does not know the exact figure), while in the global economy the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has estimated in its latest World Economic Outlook that the global labour force has quadrupled in the last quarter of a century. So what is the impact on the UK labour market? Many assume that the effect is negative, but as is always the way with these things, you will find plenty of economists who will argue the opposite. The article below from the Times Online looks at these national and global issues.
|1.||Using diagrams as appropriate assess the impact of recent immigration on the UK labour market.|
|2.||Discuss the extent to which changes in the global labour force and UK immigration have affected the level of wages in the UK labour market.|
|3.||Discuss the extent to which the global labour force is likely to change in the next decade.|
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|This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)|
A sunroom (also solarium, garden room, and other variations) is a structure, either attached or integrated into a building such as a home, restaurant, or office, which allows enjoyment of the surrounding landscape while being sheltered from adverse weather.
Also known as a sun parlor, sun porch, patio room, Florida room, garden conservatory, or winter garden, such rooms are popular in the United States, Europe, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. A portico is also sometimes called a porch.
A sunroom may be a room in a building specifically tailored to that function (with many windows and appropriate climate control), a connected structure erected during new construction, or one added some time afterwards. Attached sunrooms are typically constructed of transparent tempered glazing atop a brick or wood "knee wall", or framed entirely of wood, aluminum, or PVC and glazed on all sides. For privacy, frosted glass or breeze block is used.
Some sunrooms are designed to exploit a scenic view, others to collect sunlight for warmth and light. These, composed entirely of framed glass and usually called solariums, are typically found in high latitude (low sun angle) or cold (high altitude) locations.
During the 1960s, professional re-modelling companies developed affordable systems to enclose a patio or deck, offering design, installation, and full service warranties. Patio rooms featured lightweight, engineered roof panels, single pane glass, and aluminium construction.
As technology advanced, insulated glass, vinyl and vinyl-wood composite framework appeared. More recently, specialized blinds and curtains were developed, many electrically operated by remote control. Specialized floorings, including radiant heat, have also been adapted to both attached and integrated sunrooms.
- "12 Sunrooms That Are Bright and Welcoming". Architectural Digest. Retrieved 2014-04-03.
- Graydon, Michael. "Photo Gallery: Beautiful Sunrooms". Canadian House & Home. Retrieved 2014-04-03.
- Lea, Keya (2010-05-03). "Passive Solar Sun Room". Green Passive Solar Magazine. Retrieved 2014-04-03.
- Wright, David. "Plan the Perfect Sunroom Addition - Green Homes". Mother Earth News. Retrieved 2014-04-03.
- MacQueen, John (27 February 2016). "Sunroom Technologies". Summer House 24. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
- "Sunrooms and Sunspaces". US Department of Energy. Retrieved 2014-04-03.
- "Passive Solar Room". Ecolution. 1997. Retrieved 2014-04-03.
Media related to Sunrooms at Wikimedia Commons
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This year marked the 70th anniversary of the time when two atomic bombs were dropped onto Japanese soil, killing hundreds of thousands of civilians and military personnel. Much attention is paid to Hiroshima, where the first atomic bomb was dropped. Hiroshima has become a beacon for peace and the disarmament of nuclear weapons across the world. Here is the peace park where the names of those killed are enshrined for all time. However, less attention is paid to the people and history of Nagasaki, where the second bomb fell days after Hiroshima was laid to waste.
Nagasaki lies on the edge of a peninsula in southern Japan which was originally of little consideration. Portuguese ships started sailing to this region of Japan in 1543 and so trade bloomed in Nagasaki. The Portuguese became an intermediary between Japan and China and trade started blossoming making Nagasaki an official city. Thanks to the trade in this area Tempura was developed and is now a staple of the Japanese diet. Through the conversion of the damiyo in the 1500’s Nagasaki became a refuge for Christians escaping punishment across Japan. Nagasaki was strongly influenced by the culture and practises of the Western world and of the rest of Asia, this can be seen in the architecture and history of the area. When industrialisation hit Japan during the Meiji Restoration Nagasaki became a place of heavy industry and home to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. Nagasaki was the home of ship-building and also used as a dock and harbour for the Japanese Navy.
Due to the industry in Nagasaki it became a target of bombing by allied forces during World War II. Not only was Nagasaki home to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries but also the Mitsubishi Steel and Arms works, Akunoura Engine works and Mitsubishi-Urakami Ordnance works. Therefore Nagasaki was central to war efforts in Japan, building their ships and submarines, as well as ordnance. In the months preceding the dropping of the atomic bomb, Nagasaki was hit by over 136 US planes and over 270 tonnes of explosives. These attacks meant that the vulnerable people of Nagasaki, namely their children, were evacuated from the city to more rural areas. The previous bombings of Nagasaki had not caused much damage to their productions and so was still functional. However, Nagasaki was not the number one target of US air strikes. On the 9th of August 1945 Bockstar carrying a plutonium bomb called Fat Man left on a raid to drop the atomic bomb on Kokura. When Bockstar reached Kokura, the city was obscured from the sky by clouds and smoke thanks to a firebombing of a nearby city of the previous day. This stroke of luck for Kokura meant that Bockstar went on to their secondary target, Nagasaki. At 11:02 am Bockstar released Fat Boy which detonated above Nagasaki killing around 80,000 people.
The restoration of Nagasaki was slow as new pacifism laws and the Nagasaki International Culture City Reconstruction Law meant that the wartime purpose of Nagasaki was to be replaced. Instead of being the centre for battleship production Nagasaki became once again a city of international trade and fishing. Some areas of Nagasaki became radically changed from how they were before that fateful day. The iconic view of a one-legged torii at Sanno Shrine was left as a reminder of the destruction. A museum was erected to remember this atrocity and to strive for peace.
Nagasaki is a thriving port town to this day and has some very individual sites to see. Thanks to the hundreds of years of open trade, the influence of foreign cultures can be seen today on the shores of Nagasaki. Along with traditional Japanese Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples, Nagasaki has a lot to offer. Thanks to the history of Nagasaki as tolerant and accepting towards Christianity, Nagasaki holds Japan’s most famous Christian church. There is also a thriving Chinatown to visit and experience, thanks to the more open trade with China. You can even visit a Shrine solely dedicated to Confucius, in a design reminiscent of Chinese architecture. The number one place to visit in Nagasaki is the eerie Gunkanjima. Once home to 5000 workers and families, Gunkanjima is now a ghost island. The original island, Hashima, was found to be rich in coal in 1810 and mining began soon after. The island not only offered industry but had schools, shops and places for worship. Mining ceased in 1974 which meant that the residents had to leave the island. Since then Gunkanjima has been a victim to nature, battered by typhoons and strong sea winds. Today you can take a boat ride around the island and even dock to explore by foot.
Although less famous than Hiroshima, Nagasaki still suffered terribly from the effects of the plutonium bomb denoted above it. Nagasaki was rebuilt and now thrives as the port town it has been for hundreds of years, a port town hoping for peace.
Hiroshima, where the peace belongs
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Last time I have discussed about the holography and written that it is a two stage process. The first stage is recording of hologram in the form of interference pattern and in the second stage, the hologram acts as a diffraction grating for the reconstruction beam and the image of the object is reconstructed for the hologram.
Do you know what is the difference between hologram and photograph? If no, then let us discuss:
Difference between Holography and Photography Continue reading “Difference beween holography and photography”
Last time I have discussed the basic definition of holography and hologram. Today I will discuss the process with the help of which hologram is formed or complete picture is recorded:
1. Recording of the hologram.
The recording of hologram is based on the phenomenon of interference. It requires a laser source, a plane mirror or beam splitter, an object and a photographic plate. A laser beam from the laser source is incident on a plane mirror or beam splitter. As the name suggests, the function of the beam splitter is to split the laser beam. One part of splitted beam, after reflection from the beam splitter, strikes on the photographic plate. This beam is called reference beam. While other part of splitted beam (transmitted from beam splitter) strikes on the photographic plate after suffering reflection from the various points of object. This beam is called object beam.
The object beam reflected from the object interferes with the reference beam when both the beams reach the photographic plate. The superposition of these two beams produces an interference pattern (in the form of dark and bright fringes) and this pattern is recorded on the photographic plate. The photographic plate with a recorded interference pattern is called a hologram. The photographic plate is also known as the Gabor zone plate in honor of Denis Gabor who developed the phenomenon of holography.
Continue reading “Recording and reconstruction process in holography”
The word holography originates from the Greek words “holos” (complete) and “graphos” (writing). Thus, it is the technique to record the complete picture of an object. The technique was proposed by Gabor in 1947.
An ordinary photograph records the two dimensional image of the picture because it records only the amplitude or intensity distribution. But in holography technique, both, the intensity as well as phase of the light wave is recorded.
In holography, the light waves reflected from an object is recorded. These light waves consist of intensity and phase and the record is called a hologram. The hologram has no resemblance to the original object but it contains all the information about the object in a optical code. Continue reading “Holography”
Lasers have applications in almost every field like medicine, industry, communication and science and technology. These applications are due to the directional, coherent and monochromatic properties of lasers.
a) Holography: Holography is a technique to record the complete picture of an object, that is it will produce the three dimensional picture. The process of holography will be discussed in detail later on.
b) Measurement of long distance: The beam spreading in the laser light is very small, laser can travel along distances, without appreciable spreading. The time taken by laser pulse to travel from laser source to a given target and back is measured. As the velocity of light is known, the distance of the target can be calculated using the relation 2d = c x t where d is the distance of the target and c is the velocity of light. Continue reading “Applications of lasers”
In my earlier articles I have discussed the basics of Q-switching and three of its techniques known as mechanical shutters, rotating reflector method and passive shutters. Toady I will discuss the one more following techniques of Q-switching:
To obtain faster switching, the suitable electro-optical effects of altering the refractive index of a cell by applying an electic field is used. Two such effects are:
i) Pockels effect
ii) Kerr effect
i) Pockels effect.
Continue reading “Electro-optical shutters technique in q switching”
Last time I have discussed the basics of Q-switching and one of its techniques known as mechanical shutters. Toady I will discuss two more following techniques of Q-switching:
The rotating reflector method.
In this method of Q- switching, one of the end mirrors of the cavity is replaced with a total reflection prism which spins rapidly around its axis set at right angle to the resonator axis. As the prism revolves, it faces the cavity with its reflecting side and makes the laser cavity quality factor Q high for a short time. When the prism is out of this position, the Q value drops. As it revolves on further rotation, Q value drops to minimum. Continue reading “Q-switching: The rotating reflector and passive shutters techniques”
Q-switching is a technique used to produce a high output pulse. It is accomplished by using a device to prevent the reflection of photons back and forth in the active medium. This produces a higher population inversion in the metastable state. Then suddenly the optical cavity is opened to permit a large fraction of stored energy to be emitted in the form of very intense pulse of laser radiation. Q-switched lasers produce pulses of 10 to 250 nanoseconds.
Q-switching is also known as Q-spoiling.
As the quality factor Q of a laser cavity shows the ability of the cavity to store energy, thus, high Q means that high energy can be stored in the cavity and a low Q means that the cavity will rapidly dissipate its energy. As the technique of Q-switching involves switching the optical cavity quality factor Q from a low to a high value, therefore, it is known as Q-switching.
Techniques of the Q-Switching : Continue reading “Q Switching”
I have already discussed the construction and working of dye laser. Let us discuss the output and applications of dye lasers.
Output: The dye laser provides 3nsec pulses in the spectral range of 360 nm to 950 nm. The typical peak powers are on the order of about 10kW to 20kW. Dye lasers can be operated in both pulsed and continue wave (CW) modes. If a flash lamp is used to pump the dye laser, the output will be pulsed one whereas if the laser is pumped by a continuous wave laser like argon-ion laser, the dye laser will also be continuous. Continue reading “Ouput and applications of dye laser”
Last time I have discussed the construction of dye lasers. Let us discuss the working of dye laser:
The molecules have singlet as well as triplet states. Each electronic state comprises of several vibrational states and each vibrational state comprises of several rotational levels.
Due to absorption of light from pumping source, dye molecules get excited from the ground state E1 to upper vibrational rotational levels of excited state E2 which is upper laser level. Most of the dye molecules decay to the lowest vibrational level L of E2 in a time of about 10-11 seconds. This process is due to thermal redistribution in level E2, thus, it is a non-radiative process. Population inversion is achieved at level L. Continue reading “Working of dye laser”
The most useful feature of dye lasers is their tunability. The tunability means that the lasing wavelength for a dye may be varied over a wide range. Due to this reason, dye lasers are also called tunable lasers. Tuning over 500 angstrom has been obtained.
One of the teachniques to obtain tuning is to replace one of the mirrors of the resonant cavity with a diffraction grating. Thus a dye cell is usually placed inside a cavity consisting of a partially reflective mirror on
the front and a diffraction grating on the rear. A source light is focused onto the dye to excite it and stimulate laser action.
By rotating the diffraction grating , wavelength of laser output can be altered. Thus tuning is obtained. Therefore, this combination of partially reflective mirror and diffraction grating will act as optical resonator system. For radiation to be reflected back along the laser cavity axis, the angle θ that the normal to the diffraction grating makes with the cavity must satisfy the condition.
2dsinθ =nλ (n = 1, 2, 3, …)
Where d is grating spacing
Λ is wavelength of radiation.
By rotating the grating, angle θ will be changed and thus the output wavelength will be changed that is tuning of output wavelength will be achieved.
Reference: This article is referred from my authored book “Optics and lasers” having ISBN 978-81-272-3833-9. In case of any doubt in this article or any article of Physics, kindly post in the comment section. Try to make the construction figure. I will explain the working in the next articl
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As art educators, it’s our responsibility to keep the learning in our classrooms fun and exciting for students. It’s important for us to continue learning and growing so we can be the best we can be for our students. I like to think of teaching as a constant educational adventure!
When I began teaching AP Art, I noticed the critique method I was using with my students began to feel a bit old and forced. We were continuing to critique our work in the same way week in and week out. I knew we had to do something different—after all, I wanted my students to enjoy sharing their hard work. It was then that I came across the PechaKucha approach. Today I’d love to share how using ideas from the PechaKucha approach changed the way my students think about critique and why you should consider bringing similar ideas into your classroom.
The History of PechaKucha
The history behind PechaKucha started with a group of architects in Tokyo. They decided they wanted to shorten the speaking time of the presenters at their meetings. So, they invented something called PechaKucha 20X20.
The idea of PechaKucha is all about creating concise presentations. The first event was held in 2003 as an event for designers to meet, network, and show their works in public. Over the years, it’s grown into a phenomenon with PechaKucha events being held in hundreds of cities around the world.
During a PechaKucha presentation, the presenter shows twenty images for twenty seconds each. The slides advance automatically, so things move at a rapid pace.
Using the Idea of PechaKucha in the Classroom
As I learned more about the technique, I realized this is the perfect setup to use for a classroom critique.
The format gives students a strict structure to adhere to and keeps each speaker from taking too much time. It’s perfect for those of us with short class periods who never feel like we have enough time with our students.
Although I personally used this idea with my AP students to help them talk about their AP portfolios, you could certainly use it with other ages as well. Plus, the uses can reach far beyond critique!
Here are 3 Ideas to Try
- Have each student in the class choose one work of art to put into a slideshow. When their slide appears, let them speak about it for twenty seconds!
- Divide students into groups. Have each group choose an artist or theme. Then, have them put together five to ten slides that contain work by the artist or work connected to the theme. Make sure each student in the group takes a speaking role as the group presents to the class.
- In the brainstorming phase of a group project, have each group put together three idea slides. Have them present each slide for twenty seconds to the group and ask for feedback.
Holding a PechaKucha Event
If you’d like to take things a step further, you can host your own PechaKucha event. Be sure to check out the FAQ page of the website for more details about how to go about organizing an event.
No matter what avenue you take, bringing the idea of quick presentations into your classroom can have a big impact. I asked some of my AP students to share their thoughts about the experience.
Overall, they felt excited to present their work and not have to “talk” too much about it. Many students took the opportunity seriously and really practiced what they were going to say. This exercise not only helped them in future critiques but also helped them on the writing portion of their AP portfolio submissions.
I found this to be a wonderful tool in helping my kiddos reflect on the artmaking process as well as their completed artworks. But don’t take my word for it!
Here is what 3 of my students had to say about the process.
Doo L. (Age 16)
Creating a PechaKucha presentation helped me with my interviewing skills because I had to think quickly on my toes and be precise as I was describing my AP artworks in twenty-second increments. It was more work than I thought it would be, but it helped me immensely.
Eyoel T. (Age 17)
I enjoyed the PechaKucha experience because it helped me with my presentation skills while forcing me to stick to the point and not digress from the essence of my artwork. I really liked how my art spoke for itself!
Reed R. (Age 16)
Given only twenty seconds per image, I had to really “soak in” the art, noticing the details, really seeing the elements and principles. This presentation approach forces you to observe art, not just “see” it!
Overall, using the PechaKucha idea in the classroom has many benefits. In my AP courses, it allowed students to share their work in a meaningful but concise way. However, it could be used in other formats to help students talk about work, ideas, art history, and more. If you’re looking for a means to showcase more art with less talk, give it a try!
How do your AP students critique their art?
Have you ever considered using the PechaKucha presentation method with your art students?
Magazine articles and podcasts are opinions of professional education contributors and do not necessarily represent the position of the Art of Education University (AOEU) or its academic offerings. Contributors use terms in the way they are most often talked about in the scope of their educational experiences.
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A flight medic is a medical professional who is specially trained to provide medical care in an air medical setting. Flight medics are often critical care paramedics or representatives from other medical specialties such as emergency medicine or anesthesiology. They work in a wide variety of settings, from helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft to ambulances and even hot air balloons.
Flight medics must be able to assess and stabilize patients in a wide variety of settings and must be comfortable working in cramped quarters and in less-than-ideal conditions. They must be able to quickly and accurately assess a patient’s condition and provide the appropriate level of care. In some cases, this may mean providing life-saving interventions such as CPR or administering medication. In other cases, it may mean simply providing comfort and reassurance to a patient and their family.
Flight medics are an important part of the medical response team in many different settings. They play a vital role in providing timely and appropriate medical care to patients who need it the most.
A flight medic is a medical professional who has specialized training in emergency medical care, with an emphasis on providing care in austere environments and conditions. Flight medics are often employed by air ambulance services, but may also work with other emergency medical services, such as search and rescue teams.
The scope of practice for a flight medic may vary depending on the laws and regulations of the jurisdiction in which they practise. In some jurisdictions, flight medics may have similar scope of practice to paramedics, while in others their scope of practice may be more similar to that of an emergency medical technician (EMT).
Flight medics must have a thorough understanding of aircraft physiology and the effects of altitude, vibration, and G-forces on the human body. They must be able to rapidly and accurately assess a patient’s condition and provide the appropriate level of care. In some cases, this may mean stabilizing a patient for transport to a higher level of care, or providing definitive care and transport to a hospital or trauma center.
Flight medics must be able to work well under pressure and in chaotic environments. They must be able to make quick decisions and be able to work effectively as part of a team.
What does a flight medic do?
Flight paramedics are responsible for providing emergency medical care to patients who are severely injured, traumatized or ill. This involves working to stabilize or recover the patient while in transport to a qualified medical facility. Flight paramedics must be able to effectively assess and treat a wide range of medical conditions in order to provide the best possible care for their patients.
A Flight Paramedic is a specially trained and experienced paramedic who provides medical care to patients in remote locations, often via helicopter or airplane. Flight Paramedics are responsible for stabilizing and transporting patients to a medical facility where they can receive further treatment.
Flight Paramedics must be able to work in a variety of challenging environments and be able to think and act quickly in order to provide the best possible care to their patients. They must also be able to maintain their composure in difficult and stressful situations.
The job of a Flight Paramedic is both demanding and rewarding. It is a great way to help people in need and make a difference in the lives of others.
How competitive is flight paramedic
There are a few things you can do to increase your chances of becoming a flight paramedic:
1. Get experience as a paramedic in a high-pressure environment. This will show that you can handle the stress of the job.
2. Become certified in critical care. This will make you more attractive to employers.
3. Network with people in the industry. This will help you get your foot in the door.
4. Be persistent. Keep applying and don’t give up.
5. Be flexible. Be willing to relocate if necessary.
Following these tips will increase your chances of becoming a flight paramedic. It’s a competitive field, but it’s not impossible to break into.
There are a few key differences between flight medics and flight nurses. Flight medics are trained medical personnel who are responsible for the medical care of patients. In contrast, flight nurses are registered nurses who have additional training in aviation medicine. Flight nurses are able to provide a higher level of care to patients than flight medics, as they are able to administer medication and start IVs.
Where do flight medics make the most money?
San Francisco is one of the top 10 highest paying cities for flight paramedic jobs. The annual salary for a flight paramedic in San Francisco is $103,961, and the hourly wage is $49.98.
AACC is a 4-week course designed to provide Soldiers with the knowledge and skills required to conduct patient treatment and transport across the spectrum of MEDEVAC operations. The course covers patient assessment, treatment, and transport; airspace control; and communications.
Is there a medic on every flight?
Only around one in every 600 commercial flights will have some sort of medical encounter during the journey, which means airlines need to be prepared for them to happen. This includes having a medical kit on board, and knowing how to use it.
There is a great need for air medical services in the US, with over 200 programs flying with a paramedic on board. There are over 3,000 flight paramedics in the US, and most air medical programs are hospital based. Programs are centered primarily in urban areas, but there is a need for services in rural areas as well.
Can flight medics do chest tubes
Flight medics play an important role in the transport of critical care patients with a chest tube device. They are further trained in chest tube management and are able to provide the necessary care to ensure the safety and well-being of their patients.
Flight paramedics must meet special qualifications in order to work on a Life Flight crew. They must be able to lift a maximum weight of 250 pounds when fully outfitted for the job, and they must be licensed in multiple states if the flight operation covers more than one state.
Do paramedics make 6 figures?
Are you thinking of becoming a paramedic? Here’s what you need to know about the profession’s salary.
Paramedics made a median salary of $46,770 in 2021. The best-paid 25% made $58,810 that year, while the lowest-paid 25% made $37,120.
Becoming a paramedic requires completing an accredited training program, which can take up to two years. Once you’re certified, you can start working in the field.
Paramedics play a vital role in the healthcare system, providing emergency medical care. If you’re dedicated to helping others and want to make a difference in people’s lives, then becoming a paramedic may be the right career for you.
Flight paramedics are highly trained medical professionals who provide life-saving care to patients in remote or difficult-to-reach locations. They are skilled in a wide range of medical procedures and are able to provide care in a variety of settings, including in-flight, on the ground, and in the hospital.
Flight medics are a vital part of the healthcare team, and their work is essential to the success of many medical emergencies. They are often the first responders to serious accidents and medical emergencies, and their quick thinking and expert medical care can mean the difference between life and death.
Flight paramedics are a unique and vital part of the healthcare system, and their work is essential to the success of many medical emergencies.
Do flight nurses intubate
As a flight nurse, you have the same capabilities as you would in an ICU. This means that you can intubate, do rapid sequence intubation and put in chest tubes. When you are not on a call, you are usually studying or working on continuing education.
Paramedics are more highly trained than LPNs and usually have 1,200 to 1,800 hours of schooling. However, the paramedic’s duties are mainly concerned with delivering emergency care to patients prior to arriving at the hospital.
Can paramedics intubate?
Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a life-saving procedure that is performed by paramedics on critically ill patients. The procedure involves the insertion of a breathing tube into the trachea (windpipe) in order to maintain an open airway and improve ventilation. ETI is regarded as one of the most important procedures in emergency medical services (EMS) and has been the standard of care in the United States for more than twenty years. Although ETI is a potentially lifesaving procedure, it is also associated with a number of risks and complications. These risks and complications must be carefully considered by EMS providers when deciding whether or not to perform ETI on a patient.
The field of aviation offers many high-paying jobs for those with the right skills and experience. Thermodynamics engineers can earn upwards of $225,500 per year, while aeronautical engineers earn an average of $149,500 per year. Air traffic controllers earn a median salary of $148,000 per year, and avionics engineers earn an average of $76,500 per year. Test pilots and airport engineers also earn high salaries in the aviation field.
Do Air Force medics carry guns
Most combat medics carry a personal weapon for self-defense and to protect the wounded or sick in their care. This weapon is usually limited to a small firearm, such as a rifle.
There is no question that Combat medics are permitted to carry small arms to defend themselves. The main purpose of their role is to provide medical treatment to casualties, but in order to do so they need to be able to defend themselves. In many cases they will be operating in hostile environments and will need to be able to protect themselves and their patients.
A flight medic is a medical professional who is specially trained to provide medical care in a wide variety of settings, including on airplanes, helicopters, and other aircraft. Flight medics must be able to quickly and effectively assess and treat patients in a wide variety of medical emergencies, ranging from minor injuries to life-threatening conditions. In addition to their medical training, flight medics must also be familiar with the various systems and equipment on board aircraft, and must be able to effectively communicate with pilots and other crew members in order to provide the best possible care for patients.
In conclusion, a flight medic is a medical professional who provides medical care to patients while in flight. Flight medics are trained in a variety of medical disciplines, including emergency medicine, critical care, and aeromedical evacuations. They are also responsible for the safety and well-being of their patients during flight.
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“He sends the springs into the valleys; they flow among the hills. They give drink to every beast of the field; the wild donkeys quench their thirst. By them the birds of the heavens have their home; they sing among the branches. He waters the hills from His upper chambers; the earth is satisfied with the fruit of Your works. He causes the grass to grow for the cattle and vegetation for the service of man, that He may bring forth food from the earth.”
The Bible and Water
One of the oldest Books of the Bible, Job, written almost 4,000 years ago, reveals an understanding of ecological relationships, erosion and distillation, the significance of water to the regeneration of plants, the clouds as water vapour, the process of evaporation and condensation and the water cycle.
“Can the papyrus grow up without a marsh? Can the reeds flourish without water? While it is yet green and not cut down, it withers before any other plant.”
Regeneration of Plants
“For there is hope for a tree, if it is cut down, that it will sprout again and that its tender shoots will not cease. Though its root may grow old in the earth and its stump may die in the ground, yet at the scent of water it will bud and bring forth branches like a plant.”
There is no doubt that animals will be in Heaven. The Bible is clear:
“Now I saw Heaven opened, and behold a white horse…”
The Bible describes the angels around God’s throne as having features and characteristics like that of a lion, a bull and an eagle (Ezekiel 1). God Himself is likened in Scripture to a lion, a leopard, a bear (Hosea 13:7-8) and to an eagle (Deuteronomy 32:11). God made a good and perfect earth, populated by many animals. God directed Adam to name the animals – indicating relationship.
Creation Worships the Creator
The largest book in the Bible, the middle book of the Bible, the Hymn and Prayer book of the Bible, the Psalms, reveal that all of God’s Creation have contact with God (Psalm 93). All God’s Creatures praise Him.
“Praise the Lord from the earth, you great sea creatures… beasts and all cattle; creeping things and flying fowl; …let them praise the Name of the Lord for His Name alone is exalted. His Glory is above earth and heaven.”
“Let everything that has breath praise the Lord.”
The living creatures around God’s throne who are singing Holy! Holy! Holy! is the Lord of Hosts; the whole earth is full of His Glory! are animals (Isaiah 6:3).
“But now ask the beasts and they will teach you; and the birds of the air, and they will tell you; or speak to the earth, and it will teach you; and the fish of the sea will explain to you. Who among all these does not know that the hand of the Lord has done this. In whose hand is the life of every living thing, and the breath of all mankind? Does not the ear test words and the mouth taste its food? Wisdom is with aged men, and with length of days, understanding. With Him are wisdom and strength, He has counsel and understanding.”
There is much in modern technology that is marvelous. However, the incredible complexity and intricacy of God’s Creation is infinitely more marvelous.
For centuries, men dreamed of flying. However, men do not have muscles powerful enough to lift their own body weight into the air.
In 1781 James Watt invented a steam engine that produced rotary power. In 1876 Nikolaus Atto built an internal combustion engine.
The brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright had wanted to fly ever since they had played with kites as boys. Later they learned engineering skills by building bicycles. They realized that the key challenge of flight was to design a craft that could be controlled. A plane that could not be balanced in the air is as useless as a bicycle that cannot be steered.
"How long will the land lie parched and the grass in every field be withered? Because those who live in it are wicked, the animals and birds have perished."
In the course of my missionary work, which has often been spent in bush areas among wildlife, my love for animals has grown and I have sought to learn what the Bible teaches concerning them.
Often I have been asked:
This is some of what I have found in my studies of animals in the Bible.
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I doubt Steven Spielberg thought anyone watching Lincoln would think about legal research, but that’s what happened to me. In one pivotal scene, Lincoln and his Cabinet gather to discuss the proposed amendment abolishing slavery. Various Cabinet members are opposed to supporting an amendment they see as unlikely to pass by the needed super-majority.
Lincoln, on the other hand, supports the amendment. He feels strongly that slavery must be abolished, but, he worries that the Emancipation Proclamation is vulnerable. The Proclamation was a war measure, he explains, but, without a war, questions about the legality of the Proclamation and its effects will no doubt be raised. A constitutional amendment is the legal cure needed to settle the uncertainty and end slavery for good.
As I listened to Lincoln explain his reasoning, I couldn’t help but think about legal research. Lincoln had found, understood, and applied the law. This process allowed him to correctly assess the legal weaknesses of the Emancipation Proclamation. It also helped him realize that a constitutional amendment was the best solution available. In that way, legal research played a critical role in Lincoln’s decision to pursue the 13th Amendment despite heavy opposition.
While Lincoln’s legal research didn’t include Westlaw or Lexis, its underlying principles of finding, understanding, and applying the law remain the same today. Today’s lawyers continue to use legal research on a daily basis to prepare them to advise clients, negotiate with opposing counsel, or persuade a judge or jury.
You’ll experience the importance of legal research when a client seeks your help to modify a child custody order, to sue for misappropriation of trade secrets, or to defend them in an insider trading case. Legal research will help you find, understand, and apply the law. Performing good legal research in this way will provide you with the foundation you need to proceed confidently and achieve the best result for your client.
Despite the importance of legal research in legal practice, I’m often surprised at how many first-year law students (and sometimes others) seem disinterested in the topic. Maybe I shouldn’t be surprised—legal research doesn’t hold the appeal of some topics, like constitutional or criminal law. Legal research also requires more hands-on work, which rarely evokes endearment from law students. Many students even have the mistaken notion that legal research is easy.
But, whatever the reason for the initial lack of interest in legal research, something changes when law students head out to legal jobs during the summer. That’s because they’re asked to research—again and again and again. In fact, the majority of law students I talk to spend the majority of their summer researching.
So, while law students may or may not grow to love legal research, they do come to understand that it’s a critical skill they must acquire. In fact, upon returning from the summer, many of my former students remark that our legal research and writing class was by far the most helpful of their first year. I always wish they would have realized this earlier—and they do too—but better late than never.
The sooner you gain an appreciation for the importance of legal research the better. Here are a few tips that might help:
Take a broader view of research. Some students and even attorneys have a narrow view of research. To them, research is Lexis or Westlaw. Good legal research, however, is much more than a research system; it’s a process. Good legal research is intertwined with analysis, understanding, and application. While finding the law is important, “one has not truly found the law until he understands it,” as one prominent law librarian has noted. A research system can’t do that for you.
A lawyer’s understanding and analysis of a case often begins in the research stage when she identifies the relevant facts and determines the legal issues that must be researched. This analysis continues and is refined as she decides where, how, and what to search. As she finds seemingly relevant legal materials, she must understand them and how they apply to the facts of her case. This research provides a crucial analytical foundation that will inform her decisions for the remainder of the case. When viewed in this light, research can be seen not merely as a fleeting Westlaw search, but as a critical, enduring component of representing a client.
Take research seriously. If you’re serious about getting yourself ready to practice competently, you need to be committed to developing your research skills. The first step is easy—don’t blow off your research classes. The more you put into these classes, the more you’ll get out of them.
Taking research seriously also means working on your research skills and knowledge outside a structured class. I know that sounds crazy, but hear me out. The truth is that there’s never enough time in a legal research class to cover everything—the intricacies of specialized areas, the latest databases, etc. It’s likely that your law library provides optional training sessions to help you learn these things. You won’t be able to attend them all, but go as often as you can. Westlaw, Lexis, and others also provide training, as well as a number of online tutorials that can be helpful.
Your law library, as promoter of all things legal research, also likely has a blog, a Twitter account, a Facebook page or [enter new tool here] that keeps students up to date on new databases or legal research tips. Keep track of these sources, or some from another library, and you’ll be surprised how much additional legal research knowledge you gain that will help you in school or at work.
Take advanced legal research. Most law schools offer some sort of advanced or specialized legal research course as an elective. Take it! Take it even if you don’t love legal research. Especially take it if you’re not good at legal research. You will soon be doing research on someone else’s dime. Why not get ready for it?
Most, if not all, advanced legal research classes are taught by law librarians. They are expert researchers who know about the latest legal resources and can teach you a lot about the legal research process. You’ll also get the chance to do a lot of research, which is critical to becoming a good researcher. If you don’t practice researching now, you’ll be doing it at your job, which is where you’d be better off impressing than learning.
Abraham Lincoln’s quip about a book he read could easily be applied to legal research—“People who like this sort of thing will find this the sort of thing they like.” The truth is, however, that whether you like it or not, legal research is a critical part of lawyering. Don’t underestimate its importance.
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Warfare is set to get more advanced with 3D-printed drones, self-healing aircraft and a “Transformer” aircraft that can split apart, say scientists at defence giant BAE Systems.
Engineers believe the technology could be in use on military and civil aircraft by 2040 or earlier. They have unveiled four futuristic technologies which could revolutionise warfare, including 3D printers so advanced they could print smaller drones during a mission and rescue single civilians or soldiers from dangerous situations.
The company believes the technologies could create “the ultimate adaptable taskforce” and is working with the British Government, leading aviation experts from universities and other companies to explore what the future of aircraft engineering may be.
The BAE Systems research and development team at Warton, Lancashire, also revealed the Survivor, a lightweight adhesive fluid built inside an aircraft which will allow jets to heal themselves in minutes.
A new long-range aircraft could split into a number of smaller military jets mid-air and be used for a range of activities such as going on the offensive if threatened, being used for surveillance or dropping off supplies.
The smaller jets would join together into a larger aircraft to increase their range and save fuel, before splitting into separate planes so each part carried out its own mission. The jets would join up again into one aircraft to fly home after completing their tasks.
The company also presented a laser weapon that could engage missiles at the speed of light, destroy them and protect the people below.
All four technologies are still on the drawing board but BAE Systems, which invested 117 million ($229 million) in research last year, is confident they can become a reality.
This article appeared on the NZ Herald website July 8 2014, via the Daily Telegraph.
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Fishing is one of the oldest methods for gathering food used by humanity. These days, the art of fishing is more accessible thanks to technology. Where people once relied on their eyes to find fish in the open ocean, now we have gadgets like fish finders.
Fish Finders are a type of instrument that uses sonar to detect the presence of objects in the water below. The sound waves bounce off an object, and then the Fish Finder uses that to find things. In the last few decades, they have become standard tools for commercial fishing. They may seem very complicated to those unfamiliar with them, but they do have some common traits. In this guide, we will best explain some standard features of fish finders.
Sonar is standard on all types of Fish Finders. Back in the 80s and 90s, it was common to use a 200-kHz sonar to locate things in the water. Anything it bounced off of would show up on an LCD screen. Those screens were later upgraded to show color. When the sonar picks up something big and solid, it will show up as something close to red.
The 200-kHz sonar is the standard to which all fish finders are set to. The reason is that it is versatile and able to tell the difference between fish and other objects. That kind of versatility can work on any significant body of water.
Using a pair of very high-frequency sonars, usually in the range of 455/800 kHz, they appeared a few years back. They can create high-quality images on par with MRI’s, capturing details down to a branch on a tree.
They do have a few downsides, though. At that high frequency, they tend to distort after a few hundred feet. They are also less adept at finding fish than lower frequency. They’ll appear as smudges on the screen. Instead, you will have to look for areas where fish will gather.
On the plus side, this is perfect for people who go fishing in shallow waters, usually a hundred feet or less.
Side-Finders and Down-Imagers
There is some confusion about the difference between these two types of fish finders. The key is the direction they emit sonar. Down-imagers emit sonar right below your boat, while side-finders or side-imagers send them to the sides.
Due to trademarks by different companies, side-finders and down-imagers can be hard to differentiate. Side imagers and Down imagers are trademarked by Humminbird. Others companies use terms like “DownScan”, “SideScan”, and “DownVu”.
Side imagers were the predecessors to imagers and scanners. They can pick up images of things that are not underneath a boat so that they can scan over a wide range. Since they can cover both sides of the boat, they cover twice as much ground. Due to their range, anglers like to use them in shallow waters. This lets them cover as much ground as possible.
Using a side imager can get confusing because you have to factor in the range and palette used. You will need to look in several directions at once, meaning a bigger screen is necessary. These are also expensive, so think of that first.
Down imagers, meanwhile, are best for the deep waters. Since the depth is greater, it makes more sense to look for fish underneath the boat. Down imagers can produce high-end images, even when sonar works at high speeds.
The disadvantage to down imagers is that they provide less detail, especially in the horizontal. This means that they can’t tell what side of the boat a fish may be located, limiting their effectiveness. Consideration should be given to all accounts when purchasing a down or side imager.
This stands for “Compressed High-Intensity Radar Pulse.” It does have some of the characteristics of radar, but it operates underwater. By sending pulses at different frequencies at once, it can get a high-end, detailed map under the sea. It can measure up to several miles and tell which fish is which.
These are the most expensive of the different kinds of fish finders out there. They can cost thousands of dollars, but the results can be worth the price. A CHIRP is for the anglers who fish in the deep ocean beyond the continental shelf.
Single/Dual Frequency Transponder
Both of these are types of fish finders, but they differ on the levels of kHz they can use. A single frequency transponder can only handle 200 kHz. They’re used in freshwater locations like lakes and rivers. Any body of water that’s less than 200 feet deep would work for these transponders.
A dual transponder can use both the 50 and 200 kHz. Unlike the single transponders, these work best in waters with a depth of more than 200 feet. This makes them suited for deep water and saltwater bodies.
Keep in mind that where you fish will determine the frequency needed for a fish finder. Someone who wants to catch in water of all depths will want a fish finder with a dual frequency transponder.
The water’s temperature plays a vital role in where fish go. Large bodies of water will also have different levels of warm and cold water. The closer to the surface, the warmer the water will be. Go down beyond the sunlight, and it will usually be colder. The spot between them is the thermocline.
Smaller fish like to hang out in spots away from the thermoclines. The bigger fish will stay below or between that sweet spot. A temperature gauge can be useful because it will show where those soft spots are on the screen. This will help someone narrow down where to look for the fish they are after.
GPS has become a staple to navigation in recent years, and fishing is no exception. Depending on where a person wants to fish, a GPS can help, especially if they are going off into uncharted spots. The GPS on a fish finder can create waypoints that will help someone track their way back to shore, even after dark.
As a bonus, a GPS can save the location of a fishing spot so that you can find your way back there on your next trip. That can be a tremendous help to hardcore anglers.
This may not seem as important as the others, but a proper screen can determine how useful a fish finder is. A bigger screen means a better view of the area around the boat. It is also helpful to consider whether you should get it in black and white or in color. Color is preferable, as it will help distinguish between objects and fish with the sonar.
Some other features to consider are symbols for fish, the number and types of fish, and if it lights up or not. Having sensors that can detect the subtle changes in the water temperature is a good idea, along with alarms to show them.
Fixed Mount or Portable
Portable fish finders are smaller, come with their containers, and will attach to a wall with suction cups. A fixed mount version will be able to hook up to a boat’s transom via its transducer. In some cases, it can even get installed on the inside part of the hull.
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Breathing information and the use of body-oxygen levels for increased VO2max, better cardiovascular endurance and improved oxygen delivery to body cells during physical exercise. This video is for motivated athletes and even professionals in long distance running, marathon triathlon cross country skiing, orienteering, cycling, and so forth. This same information is helpful for COPD, cancer, HIV-AIDS, diabetes, asthma, heart disease, cystic fibrosis and many other health problems. In this video, Dr. Artour Rakhimov addresses the question, “How to improve cardiovascular endurance and VO2max naturally?”. More info with Tables and images can be found here: http://www.normalbreathing.com/cardiovascular-endurance.php . The Spanish version of this page is “Resistencia Cardiovascular y Cómo Mejorar la Entrega de O2 – Mejorando la Resistencia Física” http://www.respiracionnormal.org/ejercicio-fisico/ .
Dr. Artour Rakhimov’s method to improve cardiovascular endurance is to change unconscious breathing patterns throughout the day and night. He will go into detail about how people that have poor health or chronic health problems will have problems with exercising. An important factor that shows this correlation is the quantity of people’s breath per minute. The medical norm for breathing at rest is 6 litres per minute. This is a very small amount and there would be barely any noticeable bodily movements when breathing. On the Normalbreathing.com homepage, it shows sick people breathe 2.5 times more than the medical norm or 15 litres per minute. This is a significant difference in air quantity and the type of health these people experience.
People that breathe a lot less than the medical norm have about 60 seconds for the body-oxygen test. Due to their unconscious and light breathing patterns, they have a lot more oxygen in their body. This means a lot more energy and a higher capacity to do intensive physical exercise. Also, they naturally breathe with their nose even during intensive exercise. Additionally, they sleep around 4 hours or less. There are many other associated health benefits for having such a high level for the body-oxygen test.
Sick people have around 12 seconds for the body-oxygen test. When they exercise they breathe with their mouth and have other problems. In turn, mouth breathing has drastic effects on body oxygen levels. If these individuals engage in light jogging, they need to use about 10 times more energy and oxygen than at rest. Also, they receive more CO2 in the body at this time. Furthermore, minute ventilation will be increased about 10 times.
A regular person will breathe about 60 liters per minute when exercising. During exercise, their breathing will get slightly louder. Sick people breathe about 15 liters per minute at rest. While they breathe about 10 times more when exercising and that is about 150 liters per minute. This is the maximum a person can breathe. This rate dramatically reduces their ability to physically exercise. In order to improve endurance, breathing patterns from the whole day should be examined.
Breathing exercises used by Dr. Artour Rakhimov include the Buteyko breathing technique. Dr. Buteyko was a leading Soviet physiologist. In the early 1960’s, he achieved the position as the Manager of the Respiratory Laboratory created for classified scientific research for the Soviet Cosmos and the first outer space missions (which had the 1964 flight of Yury Gagarin, the first man in space).
The Buteyko Method has been applied by medical doctors on more than 100,000 asthmatics, over 30,000 people with cardiovascular issues and thousands of patients with other conditions (diabetes, cancer, bronchitis, sleep apnea, HIV-AIDS, liver cirrhosis and more). Dr. Buteyko would instruct sick patients to do up to 2 to 3 hours of daily breath work. There are now many professional athletes in triathlon, cross country skiing, long distance running, marathon, orienteering, and cycling who benefited from the Buteyko method. Here is a “Breathing exercise to increase VO2max” http://www.normalbreathing.com/Articles-Breath-Exercise-for-Higher-VO2max.php .
Our YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/artour2006
The YouTube URL of this video is: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uW9dNt7M7uk /.
The video features Dr. Artour Rakhimov, an individual coach of 2 World Champions. Amazon writer and the creator of the website http://www.NormalBreathing.com. In this video, Chris Prokop interviewed Dr. Artour Rakhimov,
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We think of branding as Coca Cola vs. Pepsi, not fire and empire-building. But for most of human history, it was the cooler, sexier, latter.
Please note that if we were to include the vast military, political, and religious dynasties of branding, this would have to be a (really cool) book. So we’re limiting this insight to commercial ventures only.
Bear with us, it’s a complicated story. We don’t need to express it formulaically, but we’re just doing it for fun. Today we can understand brands as having two main functions:
Branding = Information x Image
Information can refer to the origin of the product or its quality; basic details that aide the much sought-after purchasing decision. Image, however, refers to the much more intangible aspects that evolved much later.
Power, value, personality, even emotive relationships all fit within this category. We can then express branding as:
Branding = (Origin + Quality) x (Value + Influence + Personality)
Now, archeological research suggests that branding evolved from left to right, in terms of the variables and sub-variables. Ancient Sumerian vases, Egyptian grain orders, and seals from Shang China show a rather fascinating notion: branding is the history of humanity.
Branding = Origin
In English (this is English), the word “brand” comes from the Old Norse word “brandr” which literally means *to burn. *Throughout this insight, we’ll see fire as an inseparable aspect of branding until roughly 100 years ago.
But to begin with, let’s throw ourselves back six thousand years. Since the agricultural revolution reaped its peak in the Near East’s fertile crescent, people began to permanently settle in small villages.
You get to sleep under a roof and don’t need to spend all day naked in the wilderness foraging against starvation. Humans have begun systematic animal husbandry, the cutting edge technology of the time. Mothers warn their daughters against the bad-boy with the awesome wheel. What a time to be alive.
Livestock roams and herders need a way to identify their cattle, especially in the event of theft. In small self-governing villages, it was almost impossible to prove theft of livestock.
Herders needed a way to identify which ones were theirs. So they literally burned them with their own unique, identifiable insignias. Hello, branding! Images of branding oxen and cattle have been found in ancient Egyptian tombs, dating to around 2,700 BCE.
Ploughing with a yoke of horned cattle in ancient Egypt. Painting from the burial chamber of Sennedjem, c. 1200 BC.
Branding = Origin + Quality
For the vast majority of history, people were born and died in those small self-sufficient villages. Things didn’t change for thousands of years. Picture it: they made their own clothes, ate from food produced by their neighbors.
So the introduction of branding was what made trade possible: it convinced you to try something made somewhere else.
People wanted in, so burning an identity spread to other industries: carpenters and potters would burn insignias on their wares, while pharmacists and wine-makers burned wax seals.
Overwhelming archeological evidence shows that branding emerged independently across all continents. (Destiny, is that you?) But then, the cultures began to inter-mix.
A seal discovered during an excavation of the Mohenjodaro archaeological site in the Indus Valley, showing the four-faced “Pashupati,” god of animals.
Branding allowed an illiterate world a step ahead: brands could surpass the barriers of different languages, currencies, and cultural practices. People, no longer tied to basic agriculture, could invest their time in their curiosities and the bronze era was born.
What we can relish in this fact is an incredible insight that seems counterintuitive in the modern age:
Branding did not evolve as a response to competition. It evolved first, which actually created the conditions for competition to occur.
Dance with us in that thought for a while.
Branding = (Origin + Quality) x Value
In a pre-taxation world, a localized control of resources was what built cities and armies. It would make you royalty if you had enough. Empires were simply business organizations that imposed their will via force or fiat.
The island of Cyprus, meaning “copper,” experienced a mining boom in 1500 BCE. Due to their location, the Phoenician empire acted as middlemen, trading copper for Egypt’s ivory, Babylon’s gold, and Mesopotamia’s precious metals and jewels.
Phoenician merchants and traders. From Wikimedia Commons.
Unlike many civilizations at the time, Phoenicians allowed for private ownership. Craftsmen pursuing creativity and curiosity smelted raw copper and tin, plus the gold and ivory of Egypt into finished products which would be shipped all over the world. No one had seen anything like it before.
While copper, tin, and ivory as raw materials have a basic market value,* what the Phoenicians sold their products for was greater than the sum of its parts.*
In the fiery smelting rooms, the Phoenicians invented something that changed the world: the notion that simply owning something became a symbol of status.
Branding = (Origin + Quality) x (Value + Influence)
Only a few hundred years after the Phoenician venture, an alternative business model challenged palaces in Ancient Greece. The first free market meant branding had to deal with competition.
Literacy became more commonplace, so branding could become more sophisticated. Once again with fire, Greek potters and painters championed this practice.
Names were devised to fit the supposed artistic personalities, careers invented, and a whole folklore created. People chose names that showed their ethnic origin, trade, or status as a slave or freeman. Copy was born.
A cheeky slogan on a cup imported to Italy from Rhodes may be history’s first advertisement: “Nestor had a most drink-worthy cup, but whoever drinks of mine will straightaway be smitten with the desire of fair-crowned Aphrodite.”
Potters noticed that some designs did well in Spain, while others performed in the Black Sea. Hence, they began creating targeted products, learning that brand imagery could influence consumer behavior based on their demographics.
*Pegasus, from the 4th Century BCE. In the military culture of Ancient Greece, the wealthy were in the social class of knights, not footmen, and hunted to develop skills for fighting in the cavalry. Horses and their status sold well to wealthy Greeks. From the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. *
Branding = (Origin + Quality) x (Value + Influence + Personality)
The hyper-connected world gave way to free markets, consequently, branding had to adapt to unprecedented competition. Trains and ships made the world smaller.
Brands took on human characteristics that consumers identify with, and as a result became a way to express yourself. No longer affiliated with fire, this notion that branding could seem sophisticated or sincere would probably seem strange to our agrarian ancestors.
During the rise of mass media in the 1920s, a contemporary account noted that “a few years ago consumers did not know men’s clothing or flour or fruit or coffee by manufacturers’ brands.” So, brand personality would have been impossible before; people didn’t recognize brands in the same way we do today.
In conclusion, branding has deeply shaped human history and commerce. Consequently, it paved the way for trade, created the conditions necessary for market competition, altered our social systems, and built the modern consumer.
From Indus Valley branding irons, Phoenician blacksmiths, and Greek ovens, like fire and with fire, branding has forged the very nature of human interaction and become an inseparable part of how we engage with our world.
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Protected by the following WLT projects:
The Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil (see note below)
The Maned Three-toed Sloth, also known as the Maned Sloth, is the rarest of the sloth species and is endemic to Brazil. Its name derives from the black mane of hairs running down the back of its neck. The coat of the Maned Sloth is cream and tan and is frequently tinged with blue-green algae that lives in the grooves in the hair keeping them well camouflaged in trees. Sloths are characterised by their long limbs, short bodies and stumpy tails. The Maned Three-toed Sloth has three fingers that end in long curved claws which they use to hook over branches enabling them to move with ease among branches.
The Maned Three-toed Sloth is found in the Atlantic coastal forests of eastern Brazil, where World Land Trust (WLT) supports Reserva Ecológica de Guapi Assu (REGUA). It is not known for certain whether the species occurs within the Guapi Assu reserve, but REGUA is known to shelter another sloth species, the Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth.
Threats and Conservation
In the past the Maned Sloth has been excessively hunted by humans for their meat and by Jaguar and other predators. Despite legal protection they are increasingly threatened by loss of habitat due to logging, industrialisation and clearance for plantations and pasture.
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- About Us
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WSDOT uses history as tool for future
HOOD CANAL When Charlie Evans started work with the Washington State Department of Transportation as a bridge engineer in 1970, he had only a slide rule, books, his comrades and his wits to help make the Hood Canal Bridge float.
Now, though the slide rules and books have been shelved, and Evans has retired, the WSDOT crews working on the current Hood Canal Bridge project continue to rely on his wits and knowledge while utilizing modern day technology.
Now, we have programs generated to design the bridge, but there are limitations to the programs, he said. There might be something someone overlooks. We used to have tables and tables of numbers wed look at, and something would jump out at us that something was not right.
Though that still happens to a degree, and computer programming has greatly decreased many human errors that came up before their invention, Evans said he still gets calls from current engineers with questions about how he did things in the old days.
In days past, Evans said he really got involved in the floating bridge when the west side of it sank in 1979 during a violent windstorm. He said he was one of 30 or 40 engineers scattered across the state and country working to fix the large problem, and he said he examined at least four different bridge sites to see how best to repair and improve the Hood Canal Bridge.
As far as I know, the only way, and the best way, to get across the Hood Canal is with a floating bridge, Evans said with a laugh. He added of all the designs he studied, the Hood Canal Bridge was the best execution of a floating bridge hed seen.
The current replacement project, which will close the bridge from May to June 2009 to replace the entire east half, began during the repair project from 1979 to 1982. At that time, however, there was a report filed that stated if certain measures were taken, the eastern half could last another 20 years.
The decision was made to do that, Evans said. Some reports of what we had to do have been done. They basically said if you do this much work, and spend this much millions of dollars, you will get extra life out of it.
During the project, WSDOT interim communications manager Theresa Gren said crews are in fairly regular contact with Evans and other retired engineers and workers who participated in the 1979 closure. She said their knowledge and the way they can pick up on things the computers may have missed helps keep the process moving forward smoothly.
All of Charlies work has added up to a safer, easier process when we do something like this, she said. The bridge office still calls on Charlie for his expertise. I just find that completely remarkable, hes still accessible to engineers at WSDOT.
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Japan may look to generating 15 percent of its electricity needs from nuclear power, a minister said Friday, as the country seeks to rebalance its energy supply after the Fukushima disaster.
A government panel studying future energy policy has presented several options, from one that sees a nuclear free future by 2030 to one that seeks to increase dependence on the technology to 35 percent by that date.
"Fifteen percent can be one base," environment minister Goshi Hosono told reporters, noting that government limits on the operation of nuclear power stations to a maximum 40 years would be in line with this figure.
Hosono and other ministers will discuss the government's new energy policy next month.
Prior to tsunami-sparked meltdowns at Fukushima, resource-poor but energy-hungry Japan relied on nuclear for about a third of its electricity needs, a figure policymakers intended to boost to 50 percent.
But since the accident, increasing public distrust has meant reactors shuttered for routine safety checks have not been allowed to restart, such that the country's entire stable is now offline.
Imported fossil fuels have been used to plug the gap, much to the detriment of Japan's balance of trade, amid calls for a re-think of energy policy.
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Curiosity: the color “carta da zucchero”.
The color sugar paper is a shade of blue / indigo, the first uses of the word “carta da zucchero” to indicate a color date back to the 800 when the packaging did not exist and is simply packed up products, wrap in a paper.
The letter itself was considered rare and there is enveloped among other things the sugar, produced in America and considered a rare and precious commodity.
To realize the paper used different raw materials, what gave him various spots, so to hide the irregularities began to color the sheets. The first experiments in coloring of the paper occurred with plant materials that gave a blue / indigo.
Chissà a quale Pantone today correspond?!
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In April, the Smithsonian X 3D team pointed their lasers and scanners at the Bell X-1, the same iconic aircraft that shot Capt. Charles ‘Chuck’ Yeager across the pristine skies of the Mojave Desert to a record-breaking speed. On October 14, 1947, in the Bell X-1, Yeager became the first pilot to fly faster than sound. Now, we can all get as close to the Bell X-1 as Yeager himself with the recently released 3D tour of the exterior of the aircraft.
Every week or two we see news of another museum digitizing its collection and making it accessible online. The Smithsonian is no exception, and efforts are under way across our campus to scan artifacts, works of art, documents, and films and put them on our websites. These projects take months if not years to complete, but it is our high priority to open the museums to visitors beyond our walls, and digitization is a key part of our strategy.
Smithsonian X 3D brings museum collections to homes and classrooms by applying cutting-edge 3D technology to one-of-a-kind objects such as the 1903 Wright Flyer, Lincoln’s Life Masks, a 1500 year old Buddha sculpture, a prehistoric fossilized whale, or a Super Nova. The 3D models are presented online at 3D.SI.EDU through a plug-in free explorer based on WebGL, which was created for the Smithsonian by the 3D design firm Autodesk.
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Brief Introduction and History
- A series of treasures revealed by Rigdzin Godem, one of the Three Great Tertons. This tradition contains the famed Gongpa Zangthal cycle. EPK
- The Beginning of The Northern Treasures
In the 8th century, the influence of Kingdom of Tibet extended from what is now China and Iran to the Ganges River in India. Tibet was the military power of central Asia. Buddhist teachers had been coming to Tibet for some time but their influence had been limited. According to tradition, the Khenpo Shantarakshita had been teaching there for some time but was unable to establish anything permanently.
He advised the king to invite Padmasambhava, an adept in the branch of Buddhism known as Mantrayana or Tantrayana. The work of Padmasambhava, Shantarakshita and the King Trisong Detsen (790-858 CE) can easily be found elsewhere. Together they established Buddhism in Tibet setting the stage for the next twelve hundred years of Tibetan culture and life.
Before leaving, Padmasambhava was requested by his Nepali consort Shakya Devi to leave teachings for future generations. With the help of Lady Yeshe Tsogyal, Padmasambhava hid teachings in various places. Known as treasures (Tib. gter), they were intended to inspire future generations by providing both methods of meditation practice which are fresh and also objects of support to inspire and deepen practice.
Treasures as objects can include ritual implements, statues, paintings. Others are teachings found written on scrolls of yellow parchment written in a script which can only be comprehended by the one intended by Padmasambhava to receive it.
The revealers of these treasures are subsequent rebirths of the disciples of Padmasambhava during his time in Tibet. There are other teachings which might be treasures of other masters, but among the Buddhist schools in Tibet, the treasure traditions are almost exclusively attributed to Padmasambhava's intention.
- Source:Lotus Speech
- Source:Lotus Speech
- The Jangter of Rigdzin Godem
The Jangter, or Northern Treasure, was discovered in the year 1366 by the Great Awareness-Holder Rigdzin Godem, in the cave of Zangzang Lhadrak. Rigdzin Godem was born in 1337, in a family of High Phurba Pracitioners. He was renowned both as a Scholar and as an Accomplished Meditator. In accordance with a prophecy, when he was young five protuberances looking like Vulture feathers grew on his Head, so he became famous as Rigdzin Godem, the Awareness-Holder with Vulture feathers on his head.
In the Cave of Zangzang Lhadrak, Rigdzin Godem found a great Treasure Chest containing five Treasure Chambers disposed like a Mandala. Inside were found many Texts covering a great variety of topics: Prayers, Tantric Sadhanas, Rituals, Instructions for High Dzogchen meditation, and so on. He wrote them down in a suitable form, and transmitted them to worthy students. Quickly, the Teachings of the Northern Treasures spread to all the regions of Tibet.
Later, in his third Incarnation, Rigdzin Godem established the great Monastery of Dorje Drak in Central Tibet, which quickly became renowned as one of the most important centers of Study, Practice and Spiritual Activity for all the Nyingma Old Translation School. This Dorje Drak tradition of the Northern Treasures has been transmitted up to the present day without ever being interrupted; H.H Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche is nowadays his Most Revered Lineage Holder.
- Some words about the Northern Treasures
In the Great Terma Tradition of the Nyingma School, a great number of Treasures have been concealed by Guru Rinpoche and Yeshe Tsogyel, for the benefit of future generations. Accordingly, in the course of time, many Termas have been discovered by different Treasure-Finders, or Tertons. Among these, because of their own Spiritual Attainments, or the fact that they were the Incarnations of Great Masters, some Tertons have been considered as specially important, and their Termas have been said to be very powerful Transmissions, endowed with a superior Blessing Power. In this way, the Tradition mentions the Five Terton-Kings, and so on. More specially, there are the Three Supreme Emanations, who are full Manifestations of the Body, Speech and Mind of Guru Rinpoche. The Body emanation is Nyang Rel Nyima Od Ser, and the Speech emanation is Guru Chowang; the Great Awareness-Holder Rigdzin Godem, discoverer of the Byangter, is the Emanation of the Mind, the highest of the three. Because of that, his Northern Treasures Terma is endowed with a very exceptional Spiritual Power, and can be the source of extraordinary Blessings for the Practitioner. It is sometimes said to be the supreme Transmission among the Old Termas, the King of the Old Termas.
Moreover, the Byangter of Rigdzin Godem has many special features, that make it a truly extraordinary Transmission; it would be difficult to explain them in detail, and some of them can be understood only in Meditation. We can just mention a few points. For instance, in the Yidam or Tutelary Deities section, can be found two very uncommon Transmissions: The Self -Appearing and Self-Arising Mandala of the Eight Herukas (Ka Gyed Rang Jung Rang Char), the most extensive and most profound of all the Eight Herukas Sadhanas, featuring all the nine mandalas of the Ka Gyed in fully complete form, with all the secondary deities, and the Black Deity Byangter Phurba, a very extensive Transmission of the Great Sadhana of Vajra Kilaya, including many additional Texts allowing Practitioners to perform the various Activities of the Yidam in a specially powerful way. It is widely recognized as the best transmission of Vajra Kilaya in all the Nyingma Tradition. In the Protectors section, the main male Protector Deity is not the two-armed Gonpo Maning, like in most other Termas, but the Great Supreme Yeshe Gonpo Chadrukpa, with three faces and six arms, the Highest and Most Powerful of all the Mahakala Deities. There is also the great Rahula Sadhana, the Outer, Inner and Secret Mahadeva, and so on. Because of all these special Yidams and Protectors Transmissions, it has been said that, regarding the many different types of Magical and Spiritual Activities, whether Peaceful or Wrathful, the Byangter of Rigdzin Godem is truly unsurpassed among all the Termas of Tibet.
But the most remarkable feature of the Byangter Transmission, the most famous and the most highly praised, is its Dzogchen Section, the great collection of High Meditation Practices known as The Transference into the Mind of Samantha Bhadra, (Kuntu Zangpo Gong Pa Zhang Thel), a complete system of Dzogchen Teachings covering all the aspects of the way of the Great Perfection, from the first introductory levels to the highest Secret Instructions of Thod Gel. Praised by many Masters for its profundity and its clarity, it has been the source of the highest Realisations for many Practitioners. It is in fact considered as one of the three Supreme Transmissions of Dzogchen, together with the Nying-Thik Yab Shi of Longchenpa and the Short Instructions of Terdak Lingpa. It has been said that the bare fact of receiving the Empowerment of Gong Pa Zhang Thal closes for ever the door of the Lower states of Existence, and can be the source of innumerable Spiritual Benefits.
So, considering that there are still many other special features that we cannot mention here, it is easy to understand why the Jangter of Rigdzin Godem has always been considered as a very precious transmission, and one of the most important of the Old Termas. -Until recently, the full Transmission of the Northern Treasures was rarely given, and was very difficult to obtain. During the last few years, due to the Compassionate Activity of H.H Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche, and of H.H Chhimed Rigdzin Rinpoche, founder of the Siliguri Khordong Monastery, it has been possible for more practitioners to receive the Empowerments of this Great Tradition, and Byangter practice has begun to develop more and more both in Eastern and Western countries. So we can hope that, as more people become interested, and as Scholarly Studies, Research and Translations begin to develop, the number of Byangter practitioners will continually increase, and gradually the Blessings of this Great Spiritual Lineage will be able to spread everywhere.
- Source:Chhimed Rigdzin Society
These prayers and practices have remained popular throughout Tibet to this day. Currently available in several English translations, the practices based on each chapter were later revealed by Ngari Panchen Pema Wangyal as treasures. Jamgon Kongtrul also wrote a set of visualizations according to the Mindrolling tradition. In the year 1366 C.E. (the Fire Horse year of the Tibetan calendar), on April 19th (eighth day of the snake month) Rigdzin Godem brought out the key to the main body of the Northern Treasures from the top of mount Tratzang.
On June 14th (fourth day of the sheep month), he brought out the treasures themselves. Waiting with his disciples, the first rays of sunlight struck inside a cave on a rock shaped like a crossed vajra. Under this, he found a rock door which opened to the chamber containing a square blue chest with five compartments. Each compartment held teachings which over time, he transcribed, practiced and in due time transmitted. Since each section contained teachings on one hundred topics, there were five hundred in all along with various sacred objects.
Just as a minister serves the needs of the king and kingdom, these teachings are known as serving the needs of people throughout the land . Later in life, Rigdzin Godem traveled to Sikkim where he taught Dharma, opening several monasteries. There in the year 1408, he dissolved into the Dharmakaya at the age of seventy-two at Zilnon Lhakang. Among his disciples were those known as the eight close sons, the eight consorts, and the three close disciples.
His son Namgyel Gompo, his student Gompo Dorje, and his consort were his main students. From these, flowed out three streams of teachings and practice until the time of the fourth Rigdzin Godem tulku, Pema Trinley who united these into one stream of practice.
The lineage carried on by Changchub Ling is the Northern Treasures tradition. His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse used to say that the Northern Treasures is like a minister since it contains teachings from the more esoteric to the mundane. The minister has the capacity to reach everyone, to relate to people at all levels; he has to be able to relate to people at the highest level, such as a king, and he also has to be able to relate to ordinary people. The Northern Treasures was one of the main practices of King Trisong Detsen. As Guru Padmasambhava was about to depart for the Copper-Coloured Mountain and was residing at the Gungtang in Mangyul, he miraculously manifested and concealed a treasure near a place called Zang Zang Lhadrak. Later the Northern Treasures was revealed by the great Rigdzin Godemchen who established this teaching, which later became the main practice of the great 5th Dalai Lama.
The main seat of the Northern Treasures teaching was the great monastery of Thubten Dorje Drak Monastery, one of the six great Nyingma monasteries. There's a quote from Guru Rinpoche that says, 'When this excellent teaching degenerates, then Tibet in general will degenerate.' All the different teachers have said that the Northern Treasures was particularly created as a means to preserve the happiness and well-being of the people of Tibet. Since the Northern Treasures has been established and practised in Tibet, almost all Nyingma teachers have practised this tradition. For example, The Prayer in Seven Chapters, as well as The Prayer of Samantabhadra, belong to the Northern Treasures.
Historical Lineage Masters
- Nanam Dorje Dudjom
- Rigdzin Godem
- Tulku Zangpo Drakpa
- Ngari Panchen Pema Wangyal
- Dordrak Rigdzin Chenpo Lekden Dudjom Dorje
- Jangdak Tashi Tobgyal
- Ngagchang Shakya Zangpo
- Thangtong Gyalpo
- Pema Tsewang Gyalpo (Tenyi Lingpa)
- Changchup Lingpa
- Dordrak Rigdzin Chenpo Ngagi Wangpo
- Yolmo Tulku Rigdzin Tendzin Norbu
- Zurchen Choying Rangdrol
- Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso
- Ngari Terton Pema Garwang Dorje
- Yolmo Tulku Rigdzin Wangyal Dorje
- Dordrak Rigdzin Chenpo Pema Trinley
Present Root Masters
Jangter Root Termas
- byang gter bka' rgyad
- byang gter dgongs pa zang thal
- byang gter khyung nag
- byang gter sgrub skor rnam gsum
- byang gter thugs sgrub
- byang gter rig 'dzin gdung sgrub
- byang gter 'phags pa thugs rje chen po spyan ras gzigs 'gro ba kun grol gyi rtsa pod
Jangter Root Sadhanas
- Rigdzin Dongdrub (rig 'dzin gdung sgrub)
- lcags khang ma
- las byang gter gzhung
- longs sku 'chi med 'od snang
- rig 'dzin gdung sgrub kyi chos skor
- thugs sgrub drag po rtsal gyi chos skor
- gshin rje'i gshed char ka nag po'i sgrub skor
- In Tibetan
- In English
- Guru Rinpoche His Life and Times
- A Treasure Trove of Blessing and Protection
- Prayer of Seven Chapters: gsol 'debs le'u bdun ma ()
- Commentary on the Five Nails by Tulku Tsultrim Zangpo (Tulku Tsurlu, Tshul Khrims bZang Po) ()
- Illuminating Sunshine: Buddhist funeral rituals of Avalokiteśvara by Martin Boord (Rig-’dzin rdo-rje) ()
- A Roll Of Thunder From The Void, Vajrakila texts of the Northern Treasures Tradition, Volume Two by Martin Boord (Rig-’dzin rdo-rje) ()
- In Tibetan
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Specialty alloys range from common Stainless Steels to Super Duplex Stainless Steels.
Alloy 316/316L Stainless Steel
Though there are a variety of grades of stainless steel, such as 301, 302, 303, 304, 309, 316/316L and 321. We will focus on alloy 316/316L because of its wide use in specialty applications. Alloy 316/316L stainless steel is an austenitic molybdenum-bearing stainless steel containing nickel. Higher molybdenum and nickel content gives better corrosion resistance than for instance 304 stainless, especially with regard to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride and salt environments. It also provides increased strength at elevated temperatures.
The austenitic structure of 316/316L SS gives excellent toughness to the material, even at cryogenic temperatures, and its resistance to corrosion provides excellent performance in a wide range of atmospheric and corrosive environments and other media. However, when it is subjected to crevice corrosion and/or pitting in warm chloride conditions and stress corrosion cracking 316/316L stainless steel can breakdown and experience premature failure. This material was initially developed for use in paper mills, yet is frequently used in:
- Brewery equipment
- Chemical and petrochemical equipment
- Chemical transportation containers
- Food processing equipment
- Heat exchangers
- Laboratory equipment
- Medical implants
- Nuts and bolts
- Process Equipment
- Ship & Boat fittings
Duplex Stainless Steels
Duplex stainless steels have a two-phase (“duplex”) microstructure which consists of austenitic stainless steel and ferritic grains which makes them nearly twice as strong as regular stainless steels. Duplex stainless steels have a microstructure of approximately 50% austenite and 50% ferrite. This provides corrosion resistance greater than other common grades of stainless steels, such as 304 and 316. And because duplex stainless steels are magnetic they can be easily differentiated from common grades of stainless when there is any potential confusion.
Duplex Stainless Steel were developed around the end of World War II for the pulp and paper industry in Sweden to help resist corrosion problems from chloride-bearing cooling waters and other aggressive process fluids. They were eventually found to be very useful in applications such as:
- Cargo tanks and pipe systems in chemical tankers
- Components for structural design
- Flue-gas cleaning
- Heat exchangers
- Storage tanks
- Water heaters
- And much more
Because of their high content of chromium, molyum and nitrogen, duplex steels offer very good localized and uniform corrosion resistance. Their unique microstructure allows for excellent abrasion, erosion and fatigue resistance and mechanical strengths that are higher than standard 304 and 316 stainless steels, plus they provide for very good weldability.
Super Duplex Stainless Steels
Super Duplex 2507 stainless steel (UNS S32750) contains 25% chromium, 4% molybdenum and 7% nickel. This alloy was first used in the 1980s when it was uniquely designed for extreme and demanding applications which necessitate extraordinary corrosion and strength resistance, such as in chemical processing, petrochemical and seawater equipment applications.
As Super Duplex SS is an austenitic-ferritic, iron chromium – nickel alloy with the addition of molybdenum, it provides very good resistance to pitting and has a higher than normal tensile strength than most other materials. When compared to conventional austenitic stainless steels Super Duplex SS provides a superior resistance to stress corrosion cracking when at moderate temperatures.
Because of its high content of chromium the alloy has excellent resistance to acids, acid chlorides, caustic solutions and other harsh environments. Common applications of super duplex stainless steels are:
- Components for the pulp and paper industry
- Desalination plants
- Downhole drilling, exploration, logging or other deep hole O&G applications
- Heat exchangers
- Pollution control components
- Tube & Pipe systems for petrochemical refineries
This blog post is an excerpt from our whitepaper, "Specialty Alloys: Composition & Applications". If you'd like to learn more about specialty alloy applications & specs, click here or below to download the whitepaper!
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Dow Theory has been considered as one of the most important guides for price trends since its establishment in 1900. In this post, we will find out what it is and how it’s used. Let’s get started.
Dow Theory: All You Need To Know
Who is the Originator of Dow Theory?
Charles Dow, the founder of Dow Jones And Company and the famous “Wall Street Journal“, came up with the eponymous Dow Theory. With this newspaper, he published the prices of the stocks and the annual financial statements of the companies in the stock market, which were difficult to obtain for the readers according to the conditions of that time, and became the first media tool to make a press on this stock market issue. This method has managed to attract more attention. In addition to these, Charles Dow created a new index from the share prices of some companies established for the stock market.
Charles Dow is best known as the person who laid the foundation for modern financial journalism. In addition, he was instrumental in the widespread and further development of fundamental analysis with his studies on company balance sheets. Charles Dow has succeeded in taking the first steps of the technical analysis method with the new stock market indices he has created.
What are the Basic Principles of Dow Theory?
Trends in the market
Some people in the financial field say that the projects that Charles developed on technical analysis led to the formation of the concept of “trend”, which is thought to lead the financial market today. It doesn’t exploit some btc loophole to give you some secret investment tips. According to the Dow Theory, there are three main types of market trends. These three trends are:
It is the main market movement and the main trend can be expected to take months or years.
The secondary trend requires only a few weeks at times. Sometimes it can take up to several months.
Tertiary trend disappears in less than a week or persists for more than 10 days. In some cases, the tertiary trend may be effective for a much shorter period of time, depending on the situation.
Investors can uncover new opportunities by observing these three disparate trends. Even if the main trend is of serious importance, the most profitable situations occur when the main trend, secondary and tertiary trends are in conflict.
E.g; If you believe a coin is showing a positive main trend, but a negative secondary trend is showing, this could be a very good opportunity to buy the coin at a lower price and sell it when the coin’s value rises. When we look at the problem here, the need to determine what kind of trend is and the need for deeper technical analysis comes into play here. Investors in the financial market use many different methods and tools to analyze new trends. So in some cases, several analysis techniques will be more useful to you than using a single method.
The market reflects everything
It is believed that the Dow market reflects everything, which means that all information is reflected in prices. E.g; If a report on a financial company’s increase in revenue is expected to come out, the financial market will bring it forward before the reports are released. In addition, the demand for the stocks of the company increases even before the reports are published, and after the publication of the expected positive report, there is no big change in prices.
Many financial investors and those who use technical analysis very often continue to believe this principle is true. However, investors who analyze with the fundamental analysis technique, unlike technical analysis users, suggest that the markets do not specify the real stocks.
Stages of Major Trends
Charles Dow said that the main long-term trends consist of three phases. These three stages are:
General participation is the fact that more people start to invest collectively in the investment market as a result of the investors realizing the opportunities that will arise with different analysis methods. When it comes to this stage, the prices in the market begin to rise rapidly due to the fact that too many investments are made all at once.
Assets are still undervalued as market sentiment remains widely negative, following the previous “bear market”. Investors start saving during a bear market before there is a significant increase in prices.
Distribution and redundancy
The third stage is distribution and redundancy. In this process, investors continue to analyze and evaluate opportunities, but the end of the trend is approaching. In this case, market makers immediately begin to distribute their savings. If an investor does not realize that the trend is about to change without adequate information, then market makers sell their savings to them before the trend changes.
Charles Dow had the idea that the volatility and trend in the markets should be confirmed together with the volatility in other markets.
At that time, the transport market, and in particular the railways, had very close relations with industrial activities. Therefore, in order to produce more products, there had to be an increase in railroad activities, which would first provide the necessary raw materials. As a result, there was a clear correlation between the transport market and the manufacturing sector. Because if one of them was healthy, the probability of the other being healthy was high. However, the principle of cross-index correlation does not currently work as well between markets as before. This is because many products no longer require digital and physical transportation.
Trends are valid until a reversal is confirmed
Charles Dow believed that if the market was in a trend, the trend was sustainable. E.g; If stocks of a business start to trend upwards after a positive news release, they should continue to rise until a definite trend change is seen. Charles Dow, therefore, advocated the idea that one should be suspicious of trend movements until the beginning of the main trend is certain. In addition, it is not easy to distinguish between the main trend and a secondary trend, and investors can often be faced with trend movements that cause mistakes.
Volume Is Very Important
One of the principles that Charles Dow believes and puts forward is the principle that “volume is very important”. Charles Dow advocated the idea that volume was an important secondary indicator, as did some investors today. In other words, the more the volume of transactions made by investors increases, the more likely it is that real trends will occur in the market. If the trading volume is low, however, it may mean that price movements do not reflect a true market trend.
Best Bitcoin Quotes
“Bitcoin woke us all up to a new way to pay, and culturally, I think a much larger percentage of us have become accustomed to the idea that money no longer comes with the friction it once had.” – John Battelle
“I describe Bitcoin as a digital version of gold, eGold.” – Arif Naseem
“Bitcoin is the most important invention in the history of the world since the Internet.” – Roger Ver
“I love this stuff – Bitcoin, Ethereum, Blockchain technology – and what the future holds.”- Abigail Johnson
“To make our world a better place, we need to build products that the corrupt cannot abuse – Bitcoin is the best example of that.” – Olawale Daniel
“Like the Internet, Bitcoin will change the way people interact and do business around the world.” – Erik Voorhees
“Bitcoin is really a fascinating example of how human beings create value and is not always rational, it is not a rational currency in that case.” – Alan Greenspan
“Bitcoin is a remarkable cryptographic achievement and the ability to create something that is not duplicable in the digital world has enormous value.” – Eric Schmidt
“Bitcoin is a technological tour de force.” – Bill Gates
“Just as it got easier to use email, it will be easier to use Bitcoin as people invest in it and become more familiar with it.” – Gavin Andresen
“When I first heard about Bitcoin, I thought it was impossible. How can you have a purely digital currency? Can’t I just copy your hard drive and have your Bitcoin? I didn’t understand how that could be done, and then I looked into it and it was brilliant.” – Jeff Garzik
“Bitcoin is a very exciting development, it might lead to a world currency. I think over the next decade it will grow to become one of the most important ways to pay for things and transfer assets.” – Kim Dotcom
“Blockchain is the tech. Bitcoin is merely the first mainstream manifestation of its potential.” – Marc Kenigsberg
“If you like gold, there are many reasons you should like Bitcoin.” – Cameron Winklevoss
“Bitcoin is one of the most viral concepts I’ve ever encountered.” – Barry Silbert
“Bitcoin is absolutely the Wild West of finance, and thank goodness. It represents a whole legion of adventurers and entrepreneurs, of risk-takers, inventors, and problem solvers. It is the frontier. Huge amounts of wealth will be created and destroyed as this new landscape is mapped out.” – Erik Voorhees
“Think of Bitcoin as a bank account in the cloud, and it’s completely decentralized: not the Swiss government, not the American government. It’s all the participants in the network enforcing it.” – Naval Ravikant
“Bitcoin actually has the balance and incentives right, and that is why it is starting to take off.” – Julian Assange
“Every informed person needs to know about Bitcoin because it might be one of the world’s most important developments.” – Leon Luow
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the entire way of life of a group of people (both material and symbolic elements) that acts as a lens through which one views the world and is passed from one generation to the next. it varies from group to group, and is the human equivalent of animal instinct.
learned; second nature
culture is something that is _________________; it may seem to us to be "______________ _____________", but it only seems this way because we learn it so slowly and incrementally--we are unaware of the process.
sociologists mainly focus on our culture, through ________________, ___________ __________, __________________, and _______________ _____________, as well as by the research methods.
the principle of using one's own culture as a means or standard by which to evaluate another group or individual, leading to the view that cultures other than one's own are abnormal. (there is nothing more inherently better about ours).
the principle of understanding other cultures on their own terms, rather than judging or evaluation according to one's own culture. (this helps us place different values, beliefs, norms, and practices within their own cultural context).
the objects associated with a cultural group, such as tools, machines, utensils, buildings, and artwork: any physical object which we give social meaning (what they hold dear gives us great insight into their culture).
the ideas associated with a cultural group, including ways of thinking (beliefs, values, and assumptions) and ways of behaving (norms, interactions, and communications). (can be very specific or very broad).
3 forms of communication
signs, gestures, and language.
a symbol that stands for or conveys and idea (traffic signal, price tag, product logo, etc). numbers & letters are the most common signs. some we have learned over time & others are new & we have to learn. some may be universal, some are regional.
the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate w/o words; actions w/ symbolic meaning (clapping, nodding, smiling) aka: body language/nonverbal communication. every culture has its own & ours can be offensive if used in another culture.
a system of communication using vocal sounds/gestures/written symbols; the basis of symbolic culture & the primary means through which we communicate w/ one another & perpetuate our culture. is present in all societies.
what language does for our society
is humanly universal & is 1 o the most complex, fluid, & creative symbolic systems: letters are combine to form words/words to form sentences/etc. it allows us to convey abstract concepts & pass them along from generation to generation.
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (principle of linguistic relativity)
the idea that language structures thought & that ways of looking @ the world are embedded in language; because the Hopi people didn't have words for past, present, & future, S-W believed they didn't see time like we do; not true.
how language influences reality
words have meaning. when we label someone a word they become that word to us, & if we didn't have words, we wouldn't have predetermined thoughts about people, leaving our classification systems useless & who we hold with high esteem to be no one.
ideas ~ what is desirable or contemptible & right or wrong in a particular group. articulate the essence of everything that a cultural group cherishes & honors (equality, individual freedoms) (society doesn't always agree which they should practice).
Durkheim (structural functionalists) on Values
stressed the strength of shared values and their role in regulating the behavior of society's members.
rules or guidelines regarding what kinds of behaviors are acceptable and appropriate w/i a culture (2 types), (specific to a culture, time period, and situation: at certain times violations can be tolerated, Mardi Gras).
(officially codified), provides an explicit statement about what is permissible and what is illegal in a given society (despite the relative authority of formal norms, they are not always followed).
implicit and unspoken, are so much a part of our assumptions about life that they are embedded in our consciousness, and we often realize them when they're broken.
loosely enforced norms involving common customs, practices, or procedures that ensure smooth social interaction and acceptance (standards of dress/rules of etiquette: not very dangerous if broken).
norms that carry great moral significance; are closely related to the core values of a cultural group, and often involves severe repercussions for violators (are very expected to conform, theft/rape/murder)
norms ingrained so deeply that even thinking about violating it evokes strong feelings of disgust, horror, or revulsion (cannibalism/incest).
positive or negative reactions to the ways that people follow or disobey norms, including rewards for conformity and punishments for norm violations. (2 types)
express approval and may come in the form of a handshake or a smile, praise, or perhaps and award.
express disapproval and may come in the form of a frown, harsh words, or perhaps a fine and incarceration.
the formal and informal mechanisms used to increase conformity to values and norms and thus increase social cohesion (government/police/school administrators/parents)
a police that values diverse racial, ethnic, national, and linguistic backgrounds and so encourages the retention of cultural differences w/i society rather than assimilation.
the values, norms, and practices of the group within society that is most powerful (in terms of wealth, prestige, status, influence, etc.) (the other is seen as the "alternative" or minority view). can produce cultural hegemony.
term developed by Antonio Gramsci to describe the cultural aspects of social control, whereby the ideas of the dominant social group are accepted by all of society.
a group w/i society that is different by its distinctive values, norms, & lifestyle (a social world that has a distinctive way of life including its own set of values/norms/practices/beliefs, but exist harmoniously w/i the mainstream culture.
a group w/i society that openly rejects &/or actively opposes society's values & norms (live outside society, practicing alternative lifestyle, usually violent and cause culture wars over which values and norms should be upheld).
clashes w/i mainstream society over the values and norms that should be upheld (mainly over values and morality and the solutions to social problems).
the norms, values, and patterns of behavior that members of a society believe should be observed in principle (that innovative thinking, dedication, skill, and hard work should determine success, but it's not always the case).
the norms, values, and patterns of behavior that actually exist w/i a society (which may or may not correspond to the society's ideals).
usually contrasted w/ the high culture of elite groups; forms of cultural expression usually associated w/ the masses, consumer goods, & commercial products. (multiple, with its own set of hierarchies; P. Diddy, Beyonce, etc).
those forms of cultural expression usually associated w/ the elite or dominant classes.(multiple, with its own set of hierarchies; Beethoven, the Senate, etc.)
groups of people who share similar artistic, literary, media, recreational, & intellectual interests.
ares of culture that share similar aesthetics and standards of taste--people who share the same tastes will also usually move in the same cultural circles as well.
having many possible meanings or interpretations; used to describe how any cultural product is subject to multiple interpretations and hence has many possible meanings (person A may enjoy the Simpson's but person B may hate the Simpson's).
group of people dedicated to the consumption & interpretation of a particular cultural product & who create a collective social meaning for the product (movie w/ friends; together makes it a collective influence on each's cultural experience).
the group composed of everyone involved in the creation, distribution, and consumption of any cultural product (the Elvis example).
the leading reason for material culture changes; material artifacts & the knowledge required to use them; provides the basis & structure through which culture is spread to members of a social group.
the notion that developments in material culture provide the primary driving forces behind social organization & social change (technology is defining who we b/co--how we think/feel/act in the world; replacing old values w/ cultural ideals).
the dissemination of beliefs and practices from one group to another; from more developed to less developed; aided by new forms of transportation and communication.
the process by which cultures that were once distinct b/co increasingly similar (unique mom&pop stores are now wal-marts/japanese anime on america)
the imposition of once culture's beliefs, practices, and artifacts on another culture through mass media and consumer products; some cultures consider our messages dangerous and forbid them, bc of our fixation on sex, violence, and nudity.
anti-Americanism/anti-semitism toward America
humans enjoy sick shit (& we have freedom of speech) so Americans enjoy shit; it broadcasts to other nations & unlike our sick culture, they have standards & our media taints their youth like rabies so they hate us. i would too. jus sayin.
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The terms weathering steel and cor-ten are often confused and used interchangeably because they are essentially the same thing. Weathering steel is the generic name while Cor-Ten® is the United States Steel Corporations trade name for atmospheric corrosion resistant steel. As Cor-Ten® became more popular, other producing mills
COR-TEN / Weathering Steel PlateWhat is CORTEN steel plate? Corten steel, also known as weathering steel or atmospheric corrosion resistant steel, often referred to by the trademark COR-TEN® steel (sometimes written as Corten steel).The name COR-TEN® refers to the two distinguishing properties of this type of steel:CORrosion resistance and TENsile strength. Corten steel plate or sheet, is a type of alloy steel
COR-TEN® For extra weather resistance and long life. With its anti-corrosive properties, COR-TEN® minimizes the need for maintenance and corrosion-prevention treatment, contributing significantly to low maintenance costs throughout the product lifecycle. In addition to low maintenance costs, the reduced need for corrosion prevention means less use of paint and solvents, making COR-TEN
COR-TEN® - SSABCOR-TEN® For extra weather resistance and long life. With its anti-corrosive properties, COR-TEN® minimizes the need for maintenance and corrosion-prevention treatment, contributing significantly to low maintenance costs throughout the product lifecycle. In addition to low maintenance costs, the reduced need for corrosion prevention means less use of paint and solvents, making COR-TEN
Corten B Weather Resistant Steel SupplierJan 30, 2017 · Corten B. Corten B a weather resistant steel which is better suited for heavy and load bearing structures. The material forms its own protective layer when exposed to atmospheric elements. Essentially, the top layer corrodes which then protects the steel beneath it.
Corten B Weather Resistant Steel. Corten B Specification:Thickness:1.2-150mm Width:1220-4200mm Length:5000-18000mm. Forming:This steel contains more alloying elements than plain carbon steel and thus is somewhat more difficult to form. Drawing:In spite of its excellent mechanical properties, Corten B can be moderately drawn.
Corten B steel,Corten B steel plates,Corten B cold rolled Corten B, as the symbol of weathering steel material, weathering resistant steel or atmospheric corrosion resisting steel. Even, some people called all the weathering steel as Corten Steel. Corten B steel started from North America. Corten steel widely used in air preheater, economizer, railway carriage, containers production, bridge building
Corten Roofing. Buy MFG Direct And Save At If you want cor-ten steel this will be the best available option.Weathering steels, such as ASTM A588, A242, A606 and Corten exhibit superior corrosion resistance over regular carbon steel as a result of the development of a protective oxide film on the metals surface which slows down further corrosion. We also sell bare cold rolled metal roofing.
Corten is a weathering steel, which is commonly used in projects where painting is not required or not preferred. When exposed to weather, Corten Steel (COR-TEN) forms a stable rust-like appearance and due to its specific mix of steel alloys, it continues to resist corrosion due to harsh weather conditions for many years.
Corten Steel Pipe, Corten B Seamless Pipe, Corten A Box The Corten Steel Box Section is used extensively in cranes in combination with hydraulic pipes. There are many Corten Steel Pipe manufacturers in India and worldwide that produce both A and B types of corten steel. The Corten Steel Piping material has carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, copper and nickel in their composition.
Corten-A weathering steel treasure house, SwitzerlandThe Jewel Box Corten-B corten steel detached house is located in a narrow and uneven area of Switzerland, with views of the south and west, surrounded by lush trees and greenery. It blends perfectly and harmoniously into the environment and surrounding landscape, blurring the boundaries between Corten-B corten steel architecture and landscape, interior space and
A588 Corten Steel Plate aka Weathering Steel plate is a high strength steel that offers all the advantages of A572-50 but with excellent corrosion resistance to the elements. The elevated levels of copper in A588 Corten plate produces a self healing characteristic that produces a natural red oxide patina look.
Weathering Steel Trademark CORTEN SteelApr 05, 2017 · The Chemical Composition of Weathering steel:ASTM A defines the chemical composition of base metal of this steel as under:Maximum percentage of Carbon (C) is 0 . 12 percent for grade A CORTEN steel & for grade B it is 0. 16 percent.
Weathering Steel A606-4 and A588. Cor-Ten A606 and A588 Weathering Steel, often referred to as Cor-Ten or A606-4 / A588, is a group of steel alloys which were developed to eliminate the need for painting steel and to insure that the steel will form a stable rust-like appearance if exposed to the elements for a prolonged period of time. The net effect is that the steel creates a beautiful patina coating which also guards against future
Corten B a weather resistant steel which is better suited for heavy and load bearing structures. The material forms its own protective layer when exposed to atmospheric elements. Essentially, the top layer corrodes which then protects the steel beneath it.
What are the common weathering steel plate materials Material classification of weathering steel plate. 1. Ferritic stainless steel:12% to 30% chromium. Its corrosion resistance, toughness and weldability increase with the increase of chromium content, and its resistance to chloride stress corrosion is better than other types of stainless steel.
What is weathering steel, where to buy corten steelCorten steel also referred to as weathering steel, is a special steel that resists corrosion with the surface forms a stable rust-like appearance when exposed to the weather. Since the rust layer (patina) protects the steel from further corrosion, it requires no painting or additional weatherproofing.
COR-TEN® is a trademarked name owned by U.S. Steel. COR-TEN® steel is becoming more popular by roll formed product end-users. Its unique look and naturally oxidizing finish make it especially desirable for many architectural projects. Weathering steel, best-known under the trademark COR-TEN® steel, is a group of steel alloys which were developed to obviate the
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Skin color, texture, and folds help distinguish people as individuals. Anything that interferes with skin function or causes changes in appearance can have important consequences for physical and mental health. Dermatologists are the medical doctors who diagnose and treat disorders of the skin.
Many problems that appear on the skin are limited to the skin. Sometimes, however, the skin provides clues to a disorder that affects the entire body. Consequently, doctors often must consider many possible diseases when evaluating skin problems. They may need to order blood tests or other laboratory tests to look for an internal disease in people who come to them with a skin problem.
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It’s usually wise to avoid “shady” deals, but eight Iowa school districts are getting grants to build sun shade structures to shield students from the midday rays. The grants came through the Iowa Department of Public Health, where spokeswoman Jolene Carver says kids need to learn early about the potential hazards of too much sunshine.
“A lot of the school grounds have taken shade off of the playgrounds and then they put the kids out to play for recess over the noon hour, which is not the best time of day to be out,” Carver says. “We’ve put money out available, it’s federal and state funds that are helping do this.”
Carver is coordinator of the state health department’s skin cancer control program. Each school district got $4,000, for a total of $32,000 being spent on the structures statewide. Carver says each school is choosing the type of shade-provider that’ll work best during recess or other outdoor activities.
“Some are putting hard structures in place, like gazebos,” Carver says. There are also picnic shelter-type structures that are open with just columns and a roof. Other schools are planning to use more temporary structures that are basically canvas awnings supported by metal poles. They can be taken down during stormy and winter weather.
Carver says skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in Iowa and in the United States and these structures will offer kids protection from the sun. “We need to protect our skin, no matter what age,” Carver says. “Our children need to be taught how to take care of their skin for their lifetimes to reduce their risk of developing skin cancer.”
She says eight Iowa school districts applied for the funds and all eight got the money. Carver says the program will likely be offered again next year. The schools that got the grants this year are: Sidney Community School District – Elementary School; Mt. Ayr Community Schools – Ringgold County Child Care; Keokuk Community School District – George Washington School; Northeast Community School District – Goose Lake; Mormon Trail Community School – Humeston; North Mahaska Early Childhood Education Center – New Sharon; St. Ansgar Community Schools; and St. Mary’s School – Storm Lake.
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Globalization and technology are intimately intertwined. The movement of people, goods and ideas is accelerated and broadened by new forms of transport and communication. And technological development is, in turn, enhanced by the diversity of ideas and the increased scale that comes from global reach.
During each phase of globalization, technology has played a defining role in shaping both opportunities and risks. As the Fourth Industrial Revolution drives a new phase of globalization – “Globalization 4.0” – here are five things we can learn from looking backwards, and forwards, at the impact of technology.
1. Even as technology improves, globalization is not inevitable
While it may be tempting to think of globalization as a core characteristic of modernity that has steadily progressed since the First Industrial Revolution, this is not the case. The last major reversal occurred thanks to the First World War and the subsequent period of economic turmoil. Indeed, levels of global economic integration reached a peak in 1914 and it took until the second half of the 20th Century for these heights to be recovered.
2. Global systems and standards matter more than individual technologies
The falling cost of transport and communications makes it viable to exchange more things, just as the steamship reduced the time and cost to cross the Atlantic on a reliable schedule during the 19th Century. But it’s important to note that it’s only when a technology becomes a system that the world changes.
The intermodal shipping container, which revolutionized global trade in goods from the 1950s on, is far more than a steel box – it is a set of standards that define the dimensions, strength and lifting points of containers, which complement the design of cranes, ships, trucks and trains around the world. The first purpose-built container crane could shift loads at more than 40 times the average productivity of a longshore gang using “break bulk” methods of shipping.
Thanks to the spread of global standards that were formed in the mid-1960s, this productivity was able to spread around the world. And this directly affected employment in the shipping sectors, as manual jobs were automated by the arrival of cranes and containers. Global trade and global wealth not only jumped but moved to a new rate of growth which persisted over decades as entrepreneurs and whole new economies found it viable to supply to markets around the world.
It is worth noting, however, that this benefit did not come without a cost. The number of registered longshoremen on the US East Coast fell by more than two-thirds from 1952 to 1972. The number of dock workers in the United Kingdom fell from over 70,000 in the early 1960s to under 10,000 in the late 1980s. The offset in jobs and opportunities more than adjusted for these losses, as overall gains were orders of magnitude higher, but for dockers, longshoremen and their families, it meant finding new income.
3. The Global Village is built on digital foundations
The spread of the internet and the relatively low cost of digital technology mean that people lucky enough to have access to digital networks are becoming more global and more local at the same time. Small traders in shanties on the outskirts of Nairobi export across east Africa. In China, ‘Taobao villages’ allow previously cut-off rural populations to sell goods on Alibaba’s trading platform.
New industrial technologies – including 3D printing, new forms of factory automation and machine learning – are rapidly enabling the mass personalization of products and local optimization of supply and demand. As a result, the maker movement and the sharing economy are both expanding rapidly. This is increasing the number of people who can use technology to create value. In 2016, GSMA found 314 tech hubs across Africa. Less than two years later, this number had grown almost 50% to 442.
Globalization is, of course, not just about trade in goods. In 1967, in his book The Gutenberg Galaxy, Marshall McLuhan coined the term the Global Village, laying out a remarkably prescient view of the benefits and risks of an increasingly shared global media space. Culturally, those connected to the internet are part of the same village conversations. This brings the opportunity both for enhanced cultural understanding and empathy, as well as the risks of polarizing dynamics.
On everything from domestic and international politics, to gender, race or other social issues, the stories that dominate our societies are no longer shaped by a small group of sources that are considered authoritative and trusted – now everybody has a voice. The cool, assured tones of the BBC World Service or PBS compete with a cacophony of opinion, the ‘outrage economy’, and a relentless stream of ‘Twitter meltdowns’. The expanded space for opinion reduces the relative space for fact. Worse still, these very dynamics can be intentionally used to create discord in the pursuit of discrediting people, ideas or institutions.
4. The Great Game, redux
The race for technological advancement also lays the foundations of geopolitical influence, including the ability to influence the form of globalization. Technologies have always granted those countries and organizations that could master them economic, military and political power to different extents.
Today, countries are aggressively investing in technologies such as artificial intelligence and quantum computing. In fact, successfully harnessing new technologies is likely to be far more consequential than inventing them.
In his recent book AI Superpowers, Kai-Fu Lee argues persuasively that China is among the best placed to win the next phase of the AI race, based on its ability to implement cutting-edge machine learning techniques and leverage its access to massive amounts of data in an AI-friendly regulatory environment. Indeed, a Chinese company, Yitu, won the 2017 Face Recognition Vendor Test, a benchmark organized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which serves as the official guideline for US government purchases. Meanwhile, Chinese AI startups received 48% of global AI funding in 2017 – compared to 38% for US AI firms.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is set to reshape economic power, scientific leadership, and the architecture of value chains as well as future forms of political organization. This has big impacts for how states relate to one another in the next phase of globalization.
5. Positive, shared values should be driving Globalization 4.0
Global rules and institutions – just like technologies – are far from neutral. They embed our values, assumptions about the world, and desires for what we think the future should look like. Past periods of globalization have been justly criticised for leaving people behind while also being celebrated for generating wealth, spreading technologies and raising living standards around the world. But we can, and should, do better in Globalization 4.0.
The printing press is often cited as an historical precedent for our tech-driven revolution in society. A key milestone in the democratization of information and knowledge, it empowered individuals and permanently altered economic, social and political structures. Literacy, education, scientific progress and political participation became the currency of all, rather than a few – leading to changing values, norms and life expectations.
We need to ensure that the technologies driving the next phase of globalization are human-centered and driven by positive values. In particular, as the World Economic Forum’s forthcoming report on Digital Futures notes, we should aim for systems and technologies which are inclusive, trustworthy and sustainable.
What does this mean? Well, at the same time as we celebrate the opportunities of AI to make our organizations more productive, we need to be closing the digital divide and making sure algorithms challenge, rather than reinforce, existing prejudices and discrimination. And, as we start to use distributed ledgers to revolutionize global finance, we need to be deploying the blockchain to help refugees prove their identity and to help civil society organizations track commitments to sustainability.
Most of all, those of us lucky enough to have the power to develop, invest in or even just use the latest technologies should do everything we can so that those with the least amount of power feel that technology is on their side too.
Both the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Globalization 4.0 are opportunities to fix what went wrong in previous eras. And that starts with building a shared commitment to a shared future, based on those values which are truly cross-cultural: striving for the common good, safeguarding human dignity, and acting as stewards for future generations.
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SOLAR farms, electrical car charging points in terraces and mine water heating systems are some of the ideas being considered for how County Durham goes about trying to become carbon neutral by 2050.
Durham County Council is considering options for how it is going to reduce carbon emissions and tackle climate change after declaring a climate emergency last year.
When it asked for people’s views during a public consultation held at the end of last year, more than 1,000 people put their thoughts and ideas forward.
Cllr John Clare, who is the council’s “climate change champion” said: “I’m working my way though them all – I will read every comment.
“I’ve only found about half a dozen who deny climate change, although I’m finding that the people who do deny climate change still care about the environment and accept carbon dioxide emissions do cause pollution.
“They are on board as well so there’s not much opposition to what we’re doing.”
Proposals for future policy are currently being put together ahead of a cabinet meeting early in 2020.
The council has started work on a number of projects it hopes will have a positive impact on climate change, including replacing street lights with LED bulbs, installing a solar farm at Tanfield Lea to power its biggest electricity user and developing an innovative new system at the Louisa Centre, in Stanley, which uses water from mines to heat the swimming pool and other parts of the building.
One of the major areas where emissions are still rising is in the county’s transport network.
Cllr Clare added: “When you look at the county, business and domestic emissions are dropping like a stone. Business emissions are dropping faster than ever because they understand it reduces costs as well. Domestic is following because people are realising they can save money – but the problem is that it can be a significant investment.
“Transport is not changing – that is the stubborn problem for climate change in County Durham.”
Electric buses on Durham’s park and ride, part of a low carbon transport hub for the city is something that is being considered for funding while County Durham has also been chosen as a pilot area to investigate how electric car charging points could be rolled out in hard to reach areas, including terraces and rural areas.
But what action is needed to tackle pollution is at times a point of dispute.
One of the most controversial council policy included in the County Durham Plan is a proposal to build new roads to the west and north of Durham to cut congestion and improve journey times.
On the other hand, campaigners against them say new roads lead to increased traffic and pollution and road building will impact on habitats, nature and biodiversity.
“There are truths in that,” said Cllr Clare. He added: “I can understand why people on both sides get cross. My point has always been that the tarmac is carbon neutral.
“It’s the traffic on it that creates emissions. So we must create traffic with massively reduced emissions.
“The east/west connections in Durham are appalling and they hold back the economy from growth.”
He added: “We can’t tackle climate change at the cost of people’s jobs.”
Source: Northern Echo, 5th January 2020
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From a recent survey done at La Joya, it’s been revealed that 59 percent of the Lobos that participated suffer with feelings of anxiety.
What exactly is anxiety? Anxiety is the feeling of uneasiness, nervousness, and worry. Anxiety typically occurs before a significant event or may stem from not knowing the outcome of something. Anxiety can cause significant distress to the point of missing school, work, or other important events. Anxiety hinders people from living their lives comfortably.
La Joya Community High School students had the opportunity to participate in a survey about their experiences with anxiety. The responses may be shocking to parents and staff. 59% of students said they had some sort of feelings of anxiety.
With the piles of work received, social pressures, and the harsh expectations from parents, anxiety has negatively affected the students of La Joya in multiple ways. With anxiety rates doubling after the pandemic, poor school performance is a common result.
“Sometimes it prevents me from being at my very best” Wrote an anonymous Lobo.
“Grades are always bad, I can’t ask for help, I can’t participate or speak,” Said another student.
Anxiety can also cause the sufferer to withdraw from their family, friends, and activities. Stopping them from doing the things they love. They fall out of their routines, and it could be hard to get back into.
“My anxiety unfortunately restricts me from doing a lot of things. This can range from doing extra-curriculars or simply hanging out with friends outside of school” A student wrote.
Spending time with others is an important part of staying mentally healthy, without these interactions the isolation can lead to depression and make anxiety worse.
Anxiety prevents people from doing simple things like speaking in class or even coming to school. The survey also shows that 30% of students have troubles coming or staying at school. Building the courage to come to school every day can be hard and draining for these students.
“I skip school because I feel like there’s too much that’s going on and I get overwhelmed”
“I cry and leave school a lot” Wrote another student.
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Life can become very confusing when you start talking about some crop plants, because many are known by a large number of very different regional names. A single name can be used time and time again to describe completely different, unrelated plants in different parts of the world. The simplest explanation for this must be human migration.
Whenever we encounter an unknown fruit or vegetable in a new part of the world it is only natural to name it after a familiar one that it vaguely resembles from ‘the old country’. Thus, Chinese gooseberries and Cape gooseberries have little in common with true gooseberries, except that they are sharp to the taste. This would be an even more convincing explanation if they actually came from China and South Africa. This can only be a partial explanation at best because many name duplications are even more completely and utterly baffling. The fig, for example, is a fruit that has been known since the dawn of time when Adam and Eve covered their embarrassment behind its hand-like, moderately sized leaves. This knowledge can make the average European male feel totally inadequate when they visit the Caribbean to find that the name fig is used to refer to the banana. It is hardly polite to enquire if the locals in these parts really need fig leaves of several metres length to hide their nether regions!
Perhaps the most obvious justification for name changing occurs with widespread plants that are not eaten in one part of the world, but are considered good fare in others. Here name changes can take on the function of marketing, re-branding or image enhancement. Would you fancy tucking into to a bowl of delicious poisonberries, or do wonderberries or sunberries sound a little more appetising? I think you see the point, because poisonberries, wonderberries and sunberries are all alternative names for the fruit the British usually call, black nightshade and the Americans typically call garden huckleberries.
In fact true huckleberries are a pretty difficult group of fruits to put a name to, because the term huckleberry is used for several related low shrubby species that grow in the acid hill and boggy lands of Oregon, Washington and Idaho. This area is home to; evergreen huckleberries, bog huckleberries, mountain huckleberries and red huckleberries, all of these species live where their name implies or look like their names suggest. The whole gang are closely related to what Americans call blueberries which are in turn related to what the British term, bilberries, blaeberries, or whortleberries (this is not getting any simpler is it?). A few of these fruits have made it into cultivation, but generally they are not far removed from their wild ancestors and many are still actively consumed by hill walkers or even bears.
Re-branding the black nightshade as the garden huckleberry is a stroke of advertising genius, if a little economical with the truth, because the two plants are completely unrelated. The only thing they have in common is the fact that they produce small black berries, which turn a wonderful purple colour on cooking. Nightshades are related to tomatoes, potatoes and peppers, all of which contain potentially poisonous chemicals. It really is not a good idea to eat those green potatoes after all. In European culture this family has a long history of being known for its toxic properties which resulted in the edible species from the new world being regarded with some suspicion on their introduction. Although there are few hints in the text, Shakespeare’s poisons in Hamlet, Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet are all thought to have been derived from this family of plants. The most infamous species in the family is the deadly nightshade, which has devilish associations that are lost in the darkness of medieval history. Deadly nightshade has frequently been implicated as a constituent part of witch’s potions that gave them the power of flight (or at least the illusion of flying). You do not need a particularly dirty mind to realise that the image of a witch astride a broomstick has sexual connotations. Tradition has it that witches would anoint their broomsticks with ointments made from deadly nightshade before mounting them. Similarly you do not need to be much of a biologist to realise that this method of applying the drug may speed its delivery into the blood stream, but limit the amount absorbed. The resulting hallucinations are thought to have been responsible for the sensation of flying. Although the entire ritual was associated with leaping into the air and dancing, there are no reliable records of witches genuinely flying.
The chemical responsible for the potentially poisonous effects of black nightshade (sorry garden huckleberries) is called solanine and this is also found in tomatoes, potatoes and green peppers. Fortunately solanine breaks down as the fruit ripen so there are few cases of poisoning reported with any of these crops. Even so, old herbals recommend that you do not feed children black nightshade berries and that adults should only eat them when they are very ripe and preferably after a frost. The effects of solanine poisoning include excessive stimulation of the nervous system. Curiously enough atropine, which is the active toxin found in deadly nightshade causes exactly the opposite effect, as it results in depression of the nervous system. So theoretically black nightshade and deadly nightshade could be used as antidotes to each other. However, if you are feeling a bit under the weather after consuming garden huckleberries, I would not recommend following them down with a few deadly nightshade berries, unless you fancy taking your black cat for a ride across the moon on your broomstick.
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A year after Typhoon Haiyan devastated huge swathes of the Philippines, close to 25,000 people are still living in tents and temporary shelters.
The category five typhoon wiped out or damaged practically everything in its path as it swept ashore on 8 November, 2013, with seven-metre storm surges destroying around 90% of the city of Tacloban in Leyte province.
Haiyan killed or left missing close to 8,000 people and displaced as many as four million.
Chris McGrath photographed the devastation in the days after the typhoon hit, and has returned to Tacloban one year later.
Critics have slammed the government for its slow rehabilitation efforts despite enormous resources made available by foreign governments and aid agencies.
Philippine President Benigno Aquino only approved a £2.35bn six-year rebuilding masterplan a few weeks before the anniversary.
Typhoon Haiyan is one of the strongest typhoons ever to hit land. It caused destruction on an enormous scale, tearing down buildings, piling up cars and completely washing away some areas of cities.
The national disaster agency reported more than 6,300 people dead. A year later, more than 1,000 are still unaccounted for.
An estimated one million families (approximately four million people) were driven from their homes.
Tacloban City, the main city on the Philippines' central island of Leyte, bore the brunt of the damage.
The Philippines, which sees an average of 20 typhoons a year, is planning to build typhoon-resilient structures and relocate residents living in danger zones to areas which it considers safer based on studies by local and international organisations.
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By Wes Annac, Editor, Openhearted Rebel
Jiddu Krishnamurti was a sage, philosopher, and free thinker who encouraged people to look within for solutions to their problems and the problems in the world. He was born to a middle class family in South India on May 11, 1895, and left this earth on February 17, 1986. (1)
As followers of his work might know, Krishnamurti was “discovered” as a child by Theosophical Society leaders Annie Besant and Bishop Leadbeater. They claimed he was the “world teacher” the society had been waiting for. He would go on to have “mystical experiences” as a young man that provided him with a new, unique vision on life. (1)
This would lead him to disconnect from all religions, organizations, and philosophy-driven movements, including the Theosophical Society, and set out on a lone mission to enlighten the people with his unique philosophy. (1)
Throughout this lifelong journey, he wrote, traveled, and spoke in front of audiences (as less of a leader figure and more of a friend or equal) from the 1920s all the way until his passing in 1986. (1)
People loved Krishnamurti’s perspective on life. Rather than being based on the guidelines of some religious movement, his words were based on self-empowerment and the peeling away of the layers of mind and ego to reveal the sacred, enlightened Self that can shine through.
Here are 7 quotes from Krishnamurti about nothing. In these quotes, he speaks about the power of nothingness and emptiness to induce spiritual awareness and bring about evolution. He also speaks about the extensive role the mind plays in maintaining this illusion we call life.
1. “We are empty in ourselves and we try to fill this emptiness with words, sensations, hopes and imagination; but the emptiness continues.” (2)
Everything you can think, imagine, or do, fills the inner emptiness we all feel and instinctively try to avoid. Little do we know, this emptiness – the isolation and sadness some people fear the most – is the key to true healing and evolution.
When we realize this, we’ll no longer be afraid to explore all that stuff we avoid.
2. “It is this fear of being nothing that drives the self into activity; but it is nothing, it is an emptiness.” (3)
The fear of death is rooted partially in the fear of nothingness; of being, feeling, experiencing, and thinking nothing at all. Since we try to cover up the emptiness through incessant mental or physical activity, we don’t realize we can already access that state of unconsciousness.
When we do finally access it, it reveals the spiritual “secrets” the mind covers up.
3. “The things to which we are attached – property, people, ideas – become all-important, for without the many things which fill its emptiness, the self is not. The fear of not being makes for possession; and fear breeds illusion.” (4)
Comedian Bill Hicks, who admittedly had a radically different personality from Krishnamurti’s, once said we have a choice between fear and love. Fear makes us defensive and closes our higher senses. Love opens them back up, but only if ego is out of the way.
Fear invades our inner sanctuary with infinite worries and concerns about all those things we’re attached to. But when we let go and let the mind be at peace, we discover an effortless state of being in which we can thrive.
4. “You are nothing. You may have your name and title, your property and bank account, you may have power and be famous; but in spite of all these safeguards, you are as nothing. You may be totally unaware of this emptiness, this nothingness, or you may simply not want to be aware of it; but it is there, do what you will to avoid it.
“You may try to escape from it in devious ways, through personal or collective violence, through individual or collective worship, through knowledge or amusement; but whether you are asleep or awake, it is always there.” (5)
We could easily take being called “nothing” in a bad way, but it’s not meant to be disempowering.
Nothingness is your true nature – the original state of mind you inhabited before everything you see around you came into form. You can return to this incredibly peaceful, blissful state with a few deep breaths and the willingness to sit in silence.
This brings us to our next quote:
5. “If we are able to face that emptiness, to be with that aching loneliness, then fear altogether disappears, and a fundamental transformation takes place. For this to happen, there must be the experiencing of that nothingness — which is prevented if there is an experiencer.” (6)
The mind – the experiencer – can block or prohibit awareness of the present moment through those fears and concerns we discussed earlier.
Krishnamurti consistently expressed that emptiness, a clear mind, and minimal ego were the keys to a peaceful life. The only real war we’re fighting is one within ourselves; between the mind and heart. Like Bill Hicks said, we can choose fear or love. We can be selfish or compassionate.
We can avoid the emptiness or consider that it has something real to offer. In all three cases, I choose the latter.
6. “When there is the discovery, the experiencing of this nothingness as you, then fear – which exists only when the thinker is separate from his thoughts and so tries to establish a relationship with them – completely drops away. Only then is it possible for the mind to be still; and in this tranquility, truth comes into being.” (7)
Complex, complicated philosophy is unnecessary. All we need is to surrender to simplicity. We can waste our time doing everything under the sun in the name of some belief or organization, or we can relax, simply be, and liberate ourselves.
You don’t even have to read or watch this to find what you truly need. It already exists in the void.
7. “Belief conditions experience, and experience then strengthens belief. What you believe, you experience. … Belief is another cloak of desire.
“Knowledge, belief, conviction, conclusion and experience are hindrances to truth; they are the very structure of the self. … The unknown can never be experienced by the known; the known, the experienced must cease for the unknown to be.” (8)
I could spend more words making a point that has long been made, but I think by now, you get the gist of it. This might have been meatier if there were a more complex philosophy to dive into, but the message for today is simple: the emptiness we fear is the path to the enlightenment we seek.
Here’s a bonus quote on the nature of violence:
“Violence is not merely killing another. It is violence when we use a sharp word, when we make a gesture to brush away a person, when we obey because there is fear. So violence isn’t merely organized butchery in the name of God, in the name of society or country.
“Violence is much more subtle, much deeper, and we are inquiring into the very depths of violence.
“When you call yourself an Indian or a Muslim or a Christian or a European, or anything else, you are being violent. Do you see why it is violent? Because you are separating yourself from the rest of mankind.
“When you separate yourself by belief, by nationality, by tradition, it breeds violence. So a man who is seeking to understand violence does not belong to any country, to any religion, to any political party or partial system; he is concerned with the total understanding of mankind.” (9)
If I were asked to explain in so many words what Krishnamurti’s message was, it would be this: We should explore and fall in love with the emptiness we avoid. We should dive deep into the subconscious and all the “negative” stuff it contains.
We should be unafraid to sit in darkness or silence and be completely alone. In this non-activity most normal people would avoid, we find what every teacher and philosopher has tried to highlight.
We discussed this briefly in my introduction video, and I believe it’s at the heart of Krishnamurti’s philosophy. Let me know what you think in the comments below, and remember to make some time for silent soul searching.
You might find answers to problems that have been plaguing you for a long time.
- “About Krishnamurti” Kinfo. net – http://www.kinfonet.org/krishnamurti/about
- Krishnamurti, Commentaries on Living. First Series. Bombay, etc.: B.I. Publications, 1972; c1974, 62.
- Ibid., 54.
- Ibid., 113.
- Ibid., 92.
- Ibid., 54.
- Ibid., 92.
- Ibid., 89.
- “Jiddu Krishnamurti Quotes About Violence”, AZ Quotes – http://www.azquotes.com/author/8281-Jiddu_Krishnamurti/tag/violence
About the author:
I’m a twenty-something writer & blogger with an interest in spirituality, revolution, music and the transformative creative force known as love. I run Openhearted Rebel, a daily news blog dedicated to igniting a revolution of love by raising social and spiritual awareness.
I also have a personal blog, Wes Annac’s Personal Blog, in which I share writings related to spiritual philosophy, creativity, heart consciousness and revolution (among other topics).
I write from the heart and try to share informative and enlightening reading material with the rest of the conscious community. When I’m not writing or exploring nature, I’m usually making music.
If you enjoyed this post and want to support my work, consider a donation (no PayPal account required):
Recent articles and videos:
- My Introduction: New Openhearted Rebel Video
- Marijuana and the Sacred
- Removing the Mask
- I Stand for Love
- How Did Spiritualism Begin?
- Last Week in Review: 8 News Stories
- The Middle
- These 5 Psychedelic Drugs Provide Profound Psychological Benefits
- 8 Cannabis Facts That Defy Traditional Stereotypes
- Indications of a Global Shift in Consciousness
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MORE FROM THE ATLANTIC CITIES
Where on earth are you most likely to die early from air pollution? NASA provides the answer with this mortally serious view of the planet, and it is: lots of places.
Like tar stains on a healthy lung, the sickly yellow and brown areas in this visualization represent regions with significant numbers of pollutant-influenced deaths. Heavily urbanized places in eastern China, India, Indonesia, and Europe are stippled by the darkest colors of snuff, meaning they experience rates of ruination as high as 1,000 deaths per square kilometer each year.
In good news, areas painted in blue show where humanity has managed to lower its output of choking smog since the 1850s. These safer havens include spots in the middle of South America and the southeastern United States, where the amount of agricultural burning has decreased since the mid-19th century.
This representation of our befouled atmosphere is based on the work of Jason West, an earth scientist at the University of North Carolina who's investigating the health effects of bad air. According to computer models that West and his team constructed, an incredible 2.1 million deaths a year can be attributed to one type of pollution alone – fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, which are teensy specks that fly out of car-exhaust pipes, industrial smokestacks and other things. (They're also what the NASA map is referencing.)
The medical community has linked breathing PM2.5 with afflictions from asthma to lung disease to heart attacks. It's obviously bad to be in the middle of a toxic particle cloud caused by some intense human activity, as Singaporeans were this summer thanks to land-clearing fires set by their neighbors in Sumatra. But that's not the only way that PM2.5 can getcha, says NASA:
In most cases, the most toxic pollution lingers for a few days or even weeks, bringing increases in respiratory and cardiac health problems at hospitals. Eventually the weather breaks, the air clears, and memories of foul air begin to fade. But that’s not to say that the health risks disappear as well. Even slightly elevated levels of air pollution can have a significant effect on human health. Over long periods and on a global scale, such impacts can add up.
Nowhere is that more obvious than in China and northern India, where dense bands of premature deaths pop out. You can practically hear the wheezing from space:
Map made by NASA's Robert Simmon based on data from Jason West
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Urology is a surgical specialty concerned with disorders or abnormalities of the kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra in both males and females. Disorders of the penis and testicles in males and disorders of the vagina in females are also part of the spectrum of conditions treated by a urologist. Urogenital or genitourinary (GU) are words that refer to the urinary and genital organs.
Because the genitourinary system is so complex, involving many systems in the body, a child with a genitourinary disorder may require a number of specialists to participate in his or her care.
Choose the pediatric urology condition you would like to learn more about:
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This article was taken from: https://www.theguardian.com/science/brain-flapping/2018/may/15/mental-health-awareness-is-great-but-action-is-essential
By Dean Burnett
Raising awareness of mental health problems should be the start of the process of tackling them, not the end
It’s mental health awareness week, 2018. And that’s good. It’s important to be aware of something that affects literally everyone, and that a quarter of the population regularly struggle with. It’s weird that anyone wouldn’t be when you put it in those terms, but that does seem to the case.
Perhaps the term is a bit misleading, or not specific enough. It’s not exactly mental health that people need to be made aware of, so much as the fact that mental health can, and regularly does, go wrong. And when someone’s mental health does falter or fail, they should receive the same concern and help that someone with a more obvious “physical” ailment should get, not scorn and stigma, as often happens.
This is where awareness helps. If you end up with depression, anxiety, OCD or any other condition, it can be hugely debilitating, often consuming your daily existence. Having someone, be they a family member or total stranger, dismiss it outright or accuse you of “faking it” or similar can only make it worse, compounding the problem.
This is how campaigns to raise awareness of the issues can be beneficial. Just like how increased exposure to people of different ethnicities or backgrounds has been shown to reduced feelings of prejudice and suspicion, so increased exposure to, or discussions about, mental health problems and what they mean for those who deal with them can enhance the understanding, or even just the patience, of those who don’t have to.
The human brain, powerful as it is, can still be overwhelmed by the complex world we inhabit, so when it comes to creating mental models of how the world works, it operates a general “stick to what you know” policy. As such, things that are different or unfamiliar, especially if they’re confusing and uncertain or introduce an element of perceived threat or danger, are met with suspicion, doubt, dismissal and so on. All are defence mechanisms, in a way; it’s the brain saying “this is NOT how the world is meant to work, so I must dismiss this challenging new information”.
But the brain is not that inflexible. Our idea of how the world (and those in it) works is adaptable and ever-updating, based on what we experience in our day-to-day lives. And if those experiences involve people discussing mental health and the issues around it, that’s more likely to become part of how we see the world and so has less chance of unsettling us overall.
This is especially important for mental health, as opposed to more physical ailments, because mental health problems often affect people’s minds and understanding rather than their bodies (although there’s copious overlap). Basically, someone experiencing a mental health problem or crisis may not realise this. Many need help and assistance to even accept they have an issue that requires dealing with. And the more there are people around them who are “aware” of mental health problems and how they manifest, the more likely this assistance is.
So, yes. Mental health awareness is good.
But it’s not an answer in and of itself. And it can actually be detrimental in some circumstances.
The main problem is, the human brain is very good at becoming aware of things, but it’s a lot harder for this awareness to lead to changes in behaviour. Abstract concepts and understanding can be useful, but things that cause strong sensory or emotional reactions carry more “weight” as far as our grey matter is concerned. For instance, dieting is hard because although we know the risks of high-calorie foods etc, we like pizza and cake. The sensory pleasure you get from the latter often outweighs the intangible understanding of the former when it comes to deciding what to do and what decisions to make. Cigarette packaging has been emblazoned with images of the ghastly consequences smoking can have for years, and yet smoking is still pretty common.
Similarly, having an abstract awareness of mental health issues does not automatically translate to a willingness or ability to do anything about them. Someone may be newly aware of what’s happening when a friend is in the grips of depression, but they could also be aware that helping them is likely to be demanding, stressful and largely unrewarding. The latter could well be what sways their behaviour, compelling them to keep their distance rather than intervene.
The point is, raising awareness of mental health is all well and good, but it doesn’t automatically follow that the problems and concerns around mental health will be affected in any appreciable way. Many people are “aware” that their clothes are probably made in sweatshops, or that their elected leaders are corrupt, or that their car is harming the environment, but do little or nothing about these things.
The danger essentially lies in people thinking “raising awareness” is sufficient to deal with the issue, whatever it may be. In most cases, it isn’t. And this isn’t ideal. It’s a common complaint, about the people who, following a tragedy, change their profile pic on Facebook, or tweet “thoughts and prayers”, or sign a petition, or what have you. While an action like that may be 100% well intended, all it really achieves is making the individual feel better because they’ve “done something”. A sense of control in the face of unpleasant events in the world is restored: a sense of achievement at getting something “out there”. But in real-world terms, it changes nothing. And people feeling like they’ve done something when they haven’t is counterproductive when it comes to dealing with big, complex problems like mental health, because they’re less likely to feel motivated to do something else. Something that may be genuinely useful.
Essentially, mental health awareness is fine, but action is what’s actually needed. Awareness is great for prompting those with issues to seek help, but effectively meaningless if there’s no help available. And with ongoing cuts and shocking provisions to mental health services, that’s where the real problems lie.
If mental health awareness can be channelled in to actually dealing with the issues around it, then that would be great. But raising awareness is just the start of the process, not the end. There’s a lot of work that needs doing here. And that’s something we should all be aware of.
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inittodr - initialize system time
The inittodr() function determines the time and sets the system clock.
It tries to pick the correct time using a set of heuristics that examine
the system's battery backed clock and the time reported by the file system,
as given in base. Those heuristics include:
+o If the battery-backed clock has a valid time, it is used.
+o If the battery-backed clock does not have a valid time, and the time
provided in base is within reason, base is used as the current time.
+o If the battery-backed clock appears invalid, and base appears nonsensical
or was not provided (was given as zero), a arbitrary base
(typically some time in the late 1970s) will be used.
Once a system time has been determined, it is stored in the time variable.
The inittodr() function prints diagnostic messages if it has trouble figuring
out the system time. Conditions that can cause diagnostic messages
to be printed include:
+o The battery-backed clock's time appears nonsensical.
+o The base time appears nonsensical.
+o The base time and the battery-backed clock's time differ by a large
On many systems, inittodr() has to convert from a time expressed in terms
of year, month, day, hours, minutes, and seconds to time, expressed in
seconds. Many of the implementations could share code, but do not.
Each system's heuristics for picking the correct time are slightly different.
BSD November 13, 1995 BSD
[ Back ]
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MammalsStatus/Date Listed as Endangered:
EN-US FWS: June 2, 1970
Area(s) Where Listed As Endangered:
The humpback whale is found in the waters of the Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific Oceans, and also the Bering Sea and the waters surrounding Antarctica. Adults have thick, stout bodies and can weigh over 100,000 lb and grow up to 46 feet long. Their skin is dark blue to black in color and their underparts are white. Their flippers are white with knobs on the edges and can grow to be quite long, reaching up to a third of the their body length. The top of their heads are flat and covered with more fleshy knobs.
More Links about the Humpback Whale:Reference Links:Humpback Whale - WikipediaConservation Links:Ocean Alliance - Whale Conservation Institute
The humpback whale is commonly found in coastal or shelf waters of the northern oceans in the summer for feeding, and in the winter they migrate to tropical or subtropical waters where they mate and raise their calves. Most mating occurs in the winter and females give birth to a single calf once every two to three years. The gestation period lasts from 11 to 11.5 months. Humpback whales are opportunistic feeders and feed on plankton and other plants and animals found on the oceans surface. They also eat fish found in large schools.
There are only about 6,000 humpback whales left in the oceans. In the early 1900s whaling was very popular and over 60,000 whales were killed. Commercial whaling has been banned since the late 1950s, and currently whaling has been minimized significantly. Today the threats include accidental deaths by entanglement in fishing gear or collisions with ships.
Humpback Whale Facts Last Updated: January 1, 2006
To Cite This Page:
Glenn, C. R. 2006. "Earth's Endangered Creatures - Humpback Whale Facts" (Online).
Accessed 5/6/2015 at http://earthsendangered.com/profile.asp?sp=931&ID=2.
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Current Status and Distribution
Today, there are areas in the U.S. where the pure Russian wild boar (native to Europe and Asia) can still be found due to importation for sport hunting purposes. However, most feral hogs are from domesticated swine. Feral hogs are wild, but are not a different species than domestic hogs or Russian boars. Webster's dictionary defines feral as having escaped from domestication and become wild. Hence, all feral hogs in the U.S. up until the 1930s were from domestic stock. In a few areas where the Russian boar was imported for sport hunting, escapes have occurred resulting in feral/Russian crossbreeding.
The feral hog has been very successful in expanding its range and increasing in numbers. Its success can be attributed to several factors: free ranging husbandry methods, introduction and re-introduction of feral hogs by hunters, water development in arid areas, improved range condition through better livestock grazing practices, the animal's ability to adapt to a variety of situations and eat a variety of foods, and the hogs' ability to reproduce rapidly. Feral hog populations also have benefited from increased disease control in the domestic livestock industry.
Historically, there are no accurate accounts of feral hog numbers or their distribution in Oklahoma. Like the white-tailed deer, their secretive nature makes it difficult to obtain an accurate count. Statewide distribution is easier to estimate, but is mostly limited to knowledge of their presence or absence in a particular county. During the summer of 2007, Noble Foundation wildlife and fisheries staff initiated a statewide survey to obtain a better estimate of the distribution and number of feral hogs in Oklahoma. The survey was conducted by wildlife and fisheries intern David Rempe. Agencies surveyed included the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Oklahoma State University Extension and Oklahoma Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services. Representatives of each of these agencies were contacted in every Oklahoma county and asked if feral hogs were present in the county. If they were, we asked them to estimate density based on three categories: abundant (less than 10 acres per hog), moderate (11-50 acres per hog) or sparse (greater than 51 acres per hog). They were also asked the year that feral hogs were first observed in the county.
Respondents indicated that feral hogs were present in 74 of Oklahoma's 77 counties (Figure 1).
More recent anecdotal evidence suggests that feral hogs are likely present in the remaining three counties. Based on respondent estimates, the feral hog population in Oklahoma was between 617,000 and 1.4 million. The lowest agency estimate of the number of feral hogs in Oklahoma was 430,000 and the highest was 1.6 million. The average low and high estimate for all agencies was 617,000 and 1.4 million, respectively. Density estimates were assigned to mapping grids representing 20 square miles. These grids did not follow river drainages where respondents indicated most feral hogs were located. With inherent mapping error taken into account, the estimated feral hog population in Oklahoma was calculated to be 500,000 or less (Figure 2).
Several variables influenced the estimated year that a feral hog was first present in each county (Figure 3) including the absence of records for first observations, unreported first public sightings and the respondent being new to a county. However, the earliest record of feral hogs in Oklahoma is from the south-central and southeastern portions of the state. It appears that feral hog populations have been spreading across the state from the southeast to the northwest.
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If painting is about light, so it must also be about its opposite, darkness. Their combination in the single term chiaroscuro is both appropriate and confusing, as it has been used to describe so many different uses of contrast between light and dark, including the general build-up of three-dimensional form using shade.
In this and the next article, I’m going to take a whirlwind trip through the history of the most distinctive form of chiaroscuro painting, what has been termed compositional chiaroscuro. In this, a painting is dominated by very dark tones, with dramatically-lit highlights. This is most readily seen by looking at a painting’s monochrome luminosity profile, now easily performed using imaging software.
My favourite painting by Caravaggio, his Narcissus of the end of the sixteenth century, shows the typical pattern of an abundance of pixels of near-black luminosity, and a long tail rising to its far less frequent highlights.
An almost identical pattern is seen in another great work by a master of darkness, Georges de la Tour, his Mary Magdalene with a Night Light from 1630.
Although most strongly associated with Caravaggism and ‘Tenebrism’ in the first half of the seventeenth century, this form of chiaroscuro is to be seen in some paintings from much earlier, in the Renaissance.
The earliest good example that I have seen is this wonderful nocturne by the early Netherlandish painter Geertgen tot Sint Jans, Nativity at Night, which is thought to be from about 1490. Chiaroscuro makes narrative sense here, and results in a scene of great tenderness and reverence, thanks to its soft transitions of tones.
Beccafumi’s The Annunciation from 1545-46 is rather different, though, as its motif is not normally associated with the dark or darkness. This implies that he used the extreme contrast to heighten the effect of his painting, something which was quite unusual at the time.
Fifty years later, chiaroscuro rose to become popular, and in the case of some artists, a signature style.
El Greco’s An Allegory with a Boy Lighting a Candle in the Company of an Ape and a Fool (Fábula) from 1589-92 deliberately exaggerates the light of a glowing coal being used to light a candle to heighten effect in telling this fable.
Then, for the couple of decades of his tragically brief career, Caravaggio became the master of chiaroscuro. Here is his brilliant Narcissus of 1594-96, which uniquely combines the effect with reflection, to tell the story of Narcissus so powerfully.
Caravaggio’s paintings attracted a strong following, and brought a phase of Caravaggism.
Lavinia Fontana’s Judith with the Head of Holofernes from 1600 has several good reasons for its use of chiaroscuro. Here is Judith with the decapitated body of Holofernes, passing the head she has just hacked off to her maidservant. The darkness hides some of the more ghoulish parts of the scene, heightens the sense of drama, and is entirely appropriate for the location and time of day.
Many of Adam Elsheimer’s exquisite oil paintings on copper use very strong chiaroscuro too, showing stories which are set during the night, such as that of Ceres at Hecuba’s Home from about 1605.
Artemisia Gentileschi’s father was a well-known Caravaggist, and she followed suit for the early years of her career. Her painting of Judith Slaying Holofernes from 1620-21 shares all the same reasons as that of Lavinia Fontana above.
For Gerard van Honthorst, sometimes referred to as a Utrecht Caravaggist, dimly lit indoor scenes were associated with pleasures, often fairly sinful ones, as in his Merry Company from 1623. He also shows us how directional lighting can transform appearance, turning quite ordinary or ugly faces into caricatures.
One of the great exponents of chiaroscuro in religious painting was Georges de La Tour, whose series of paintings of Mary Magdalen are among the finest examples of the style. The Magdalen with the Smoking Flame is one example which probably dates from around 1630.
Francisco de Zurbarán’s powerful painting of The Death of Hercules from 1634 uses chiaroscuro as stark as any of that of Caravaggio to change the death of a mythical Greek hero into a moving Christian martyrdom, its victim staring up to heaven, commending his soul to God.
Realtively few landscape painters have attempted to use chiaroscuro in their work, because of its direct conflict with their primary aim of showing their view.
One exception to this is Nicolas Poussin’s Landscape with a Storm from about 1651, which must be one of the earliest ‘Gothic’ landscape paintings. It uses darkness to heighten the sense of terror, and to encourage the viewer to share the fears of those pictured. The same landscape picture in more everyday light would have looked very bland.
One of Roger Fry’s withering (and quite unwarranted) criticisms of the painting of Rembrandt was of the master’s use of chiaroscuro, most generally known in the paintings of his late career.
Although several of his best-known chiaroscuro paintings were made in his old age, Rembrandt had long used it when appropriate, here in Saint Peter in Prison (The Apostle Peter Kneeling) from 1631.
But together with his increasingly radical and painterly style, it really came to the forefront in the paintings he made after 1650, such as Bathsheba with King David’s Letter (1654). This is not the brash even harsh chiaroscuro of Caravaggio, though: in fifty years, it had evolved considerably.
Among the last of the Caravaggists was Elisabetta Sirani, whose enigmatic painting of Cleopatra, or possibly The Flea, from the middle of the seventeenth century, is a fine example.
Then, after little more than fifty years, chiaroscuro fell into disfavour, and almost vanished.
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In this challenging economic climate, there is a greater emphasis than ever on decreasing health care and employee salaries as you attempt to safeguard your workforce while simultaneously enhancing profitability. One of the best examples of how to make a significant difference is through ergonomics initiatives, which, when done correctly, can prevent substantial injuries and suffering.
Working in an office frequently entails doing repetitive movements and spending long periods in awkward or unpleasant positions. These behaviors and others related to office employees' regular tasks put you at risk of acquiring Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI).
Repetitive strain injuries are one of the most common workplace health issues. The technological advances we use at work today are mainly responsible for the occurrence of these injuries. Still, you and your team can minimize risk and reduce injury from repetitive strain injuries by following simple office ergonomics suggestions.
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is the name used to explain pain in the nerves, muscles, and tendons caused by repeated movements and overuse. RSI can affect practically any moveable body part, but it is most commonly found in the upper limbs, specifically the neck, forearms, hands, and shoulders. A repetitive strain injury does not focus on a specific condition but instead on the discomfort felt in the areas mentioned above due to repetitive actions and overuse.
The repetitive movement can cause overuse discomforts we do each day on the phone, computer, or anywhere in the office. There's a high possibility you're spending a lot of that time writing, reaching for and clicking your mouse, typing, or gazing at a computer monitor. These are all necessary actions while using a computer regularly, and we frequently engage those very same muscles even if we're not working by texting and using our desktop computers. These muscles are subjected to recurrent damage daily with minimal rest. This can cause strain and small tears in the forearms, wrists, and fingers' tendons and ligaments.
This can result in tension and minor tears in the ligaments and tendons of the wrists, fingers, and forearms, as well as limited range of motion and swelling, which can cause symptoms such as:
- Pain that ranges from mild to severe
- Tightness, stiffness, cramping, or soreness in the muscles
- Swelling becoming white or chilly
- Numbness or tingling
- Loss of coordination or clumsiness
- Cold or heat sensitivity
A repetitive strain injury can be caused by any specific task requiring repetitive movements or functioning in fixed or uncomfortable positions for long periods. The four particularly vulnerable occupations are:
- Work in the office (typing and clerical duties)
- Work in sections (sewing)
- Manual labor (bricklaying and carpentry)
- Work in process (assembly line and packing duties)
Surprisingly, current research suggests that characteristics such as job satisfaction may influence the beginning of repetitive motion injuries. People under a lot of mental work stress are more prone to get repetitive motion injuries and those who are not under a lot of stress.
You can start making changes of your own and alleviate your symptoms. If you have an unhealthy lifestyle or have other medical problems such as diabetes or arthritis, you may already be at a higher risk. It may be tough to remove these habits if your job is the source of the problem, but you can lower your risk by considering proper ergonomics.
- Limiting smartphone and texting use
- Spending less time on your computer
- Increasing physical activity
- Being aware of your driving posture
- Stretching or yoga
At the office:
- TAKE BREAKS: Make the most of quick breaks away from your desks, such as a trip to the water fountain and photocopying, by incorporating a short stretch or a brisk walk in the workplace. Do not sit in almost the same position for extended periods. Ensure to rest your eyes as well. Look up periodically to fix your attention for a few seconds on a subject at least 20 feet away.
- KEYBOARD ALIGNMENT: Allow staff to correctly configure their keyboards so that they can type in a relaxed position. With so much time spent typing, keyboard placement can play a significant role in repetitive strain injuries.
- ADJUST SEATING: Poor posture is a primary source of repetitive strain injuries, so limit leaning on workstations or hunching. Employees should modify their seats to sit upright, feet flat on the floor or a footrest, and not tilt to the side or toward their monitor. It is preferable to utilize an ergonomic office chair that supports several regions of the body, particularly the back. Choose one with lumbar support, leans back, and has adjustable armrests and height, such as this one from FlexiSpot.
- LIMIT MOUSE USE: Positioning the mouse at the appropriate height and placement is the first step toward decreasing strain, but another excellent workplace ergonomic tip is to reduce mouse use. Master keyboard shortcuts for popular functions like copy and paste and make use of the mouse keys function, which allows you to move the cursor around the screen using the arrow keys on a keyboard's numeric keypad.
- SIT AND STAND: Change the position of your workstation or use a standing desk to alternate between sitting and standing.
- Set an alarm to remind yourself to stretch and take breaks.
- Dress in layers or keep a jacket on hand at work to ensure a reasonable temperature.
These workplace ergonomics recommendations are just several ways employees who are showing early indicators of injury can feel more at ease at work. Even if you're a company owner, a supervisor, or manage ergonomics for your business, it is critical to provide employees with suggestions and methods for preventing injury and empowering them to make the necessary changes. The strongest prevention against repetitive strain injuries is awareness and establishing ergonomics as a part of your workplace culture.
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In the year that Jesus of Nazareth was crucified, when Rome controlled about 25 percent of the world’s population, global GDP per capita was the equivalent of US$463 in 1990. Roughly one thousand years later, around the time of the Norman conquest of England, global GDP per capita actually had decreased by a little more than $10. And about 500 years hence, when Columbus arrived in America, the world’s GDP had ticked up a mere 25 percent. In fact, it wasn’t until 1800 that GDP per capita finally topped $600. These data points suggest that for nearly 2,000 years — and presumably, researchers say, untold millennia before that — the global economy was staggeringly inert.
Then, on the wings of the Industrial Revolution, it suddenly expanded. New technologies, productivity improvements, and cross-border communications, trade, and travel took global GDP per capita to $6,000 in the year 2000; it stands above $7,000 today. This expansion occurred despite (or perhaps in part due to) a concomitant global population boom that has produced a six-fold increase in the number of people on Earth, to 6 billion.
Closely related to these rapid GDP gains is another revealing set of statistics. In 1820, 95 percent of the world lived in poverty; by 1929, that rate had fallen to about 75 percent. In 1980, 50 percent of people survived on less than $1.25 per day; today that percentage has declined by more than two-thirds.
This nuanced data narrative is, in fact, the germ of a larger story that can tell us a lot about overcoming income inequality. It is the handiwork of Max Roser, a research fellow at the Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School. On two websites — Our World in Data and Chartbook for Economic Equality — Roser has for the past few years posted dozens of charts that provide a long-term empirical timeline for the immense changes related to economic growth.
The inspiration for this project came from a vulnerability Roser observed in some of his fellow economists: Addicted to theory and sometimes to political biases, he says, they avoid hard data or empirical evidence that may inconveniently undermine their points of view. “By minimizing the empirical approach, we deprive ourselves of essential lessons about global and regional change and their catalysts over long periods of time,” Roser told me. “Ideally, data should determine the structure of economic principles rather than be used as an afterthought to support a theoretical point of view.”
Using dozens of sources — many of them extremely obscure — Roser generates a wide trove of information, some of it seemingly unconnected, that combines to elucidate a larger set of conclusions. For example, his data provides indispensible fodder for analyses of the affordability of necessities like light. He examined the price of lighting per million lumen hours in the U.K. from 1300 through 2006, adjusted for inflation. Seven hundred years ago, when tallow candles provided light, a million lumen hours cost £40,000. Today, the price is only £3 around the world. We’ve forgotten how much of a luxury it used to be to see and read at night. This analysis underscores the profound level of poverty in North Korea, which appeared pitch-black in a well-lighted region in a night photo taken by International Space Station astronauts in 2014.
We’ve forgotten how much of a luxury it used to be to see and read at night.
Some of Roser’s most ambitious and controversial work involves income and wealth disparity. Roser has published individual and comparison charts for 25 nations, based on tax returns dating back in some cases to 1900, depicting the percentage of earnings by income strata as well as the percentage above the median for the top 10 percent of earners. The data provides a nuanced picture of income inequality — and an opportunity to dispassionately consider possible remedies.
One example: In English-speaking countries, the share of total income held by the top 1 percent of earners has ballooned since 1990, but most other European nations and Japan have not mirrored that trend. Moreover, during this period many of the English-speaking countries saw huge increases in GDP, stock market valuations, and real estate prices — gains that disproportionally benefit the wealthiest people. In part, that explains the accelerated income expansion for the top 1 percent even as wages fell broadly in English-speaking countries, an essential, if subtle, distinction because income and wages are often mistakenly conflated.
Another chart shows the U.S. adoption of new products and technologies. In the 15 years between 1990 and 2005, cellphone penetration rose from about 2 percent of households to 90 percent; a few years prior, microwave ownership rose at the same rapid pace. But earlier in the 20th century, it took about twice as long for the refrigerator and washing machine to make similar gains. The affordability of mass products often has been noted as a factor mitigating wealth disparity. But the speed of change is often overlooked; accelerating innovation plays a role in improving quality of life.
“One lesson from the empirical research that shows varied levels of inequality in different countries is that we can do something about it,” Roser says. He believes that the crux of the problem in the U.S. can be found in two data points: the higher proportion of poor literacy and numeracy skills among adults in the U.S. than in other countries, and the socioeconomic background that is a determinant of these skills.
Consequently, Roser says that one way to reduce inequality is to target educational efforts regarding the skills and productivity tools that employers most desire, which could have the added benefit of increasing growth at the same time. And, he adds, the price of education must be minimized. “The strong link between skills and family background suggests that increasing costs for education are also enhancing the probability that existing inequality will turn into future inequality,” Roser says. “Simply reducing education costs would make it possible for those from poorer backgrounds to earn higher incomes later in life.”
Roser is an optimist. He says his charts, which cover everything from African development to violent death rates, unambiguously depict a world that is evolving for the better. Food availability and consumption are up dramatically in every region; around the world, child mortality has fallen precipitously. His favorite recent illustration is a table that shows a striking divergence in literacy rates in the Middle East between 15- to 24-year-olds and people over 65. In country after country, the younger generation’s literacy level is about 90 percent or higher compared to the more senior group. When viewed with another Roser chart that shows a strong correlation between high levels of education and democracy, prospects for the Middle East in upcoming decades become more sanguine.
In fact, the only thing that Roser appears to be pessimistic about is whether policymakers will use this type of historical data to help develop sound economic principles and policy. We should be planning for a future in which things get better with measures that equalize and improve education and tax policy and provide support for raising children in all social strata, he says. Pessimism on the part of policymakers “was more understandable 80 years ago when there was not much data and no computers to correlate it,” he says. “We have no excuse now to keep thinking that way.”
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When working in construction, how often do you consider the materials being used and, more importantly, those being left behind?
It isn't a sector that most people contemplate when they think about being green and environmentally friendly yet, just like any other industry, they should play their part in going green.
Doing so can help the world, improve your business’ public image or simply boost morale. To this end, here are a few effective ways to improve your construction operations and go green.
In most cases, the majority of materials can be recycled. Wood, metal and plastic are common examples.
As the world increasingly looks for sustainability, the construction sector is one area that should be leading the way. It is one thing to have a sustainable building but the process itself should be equally beneficial.
Luckily, there are plenty of disposal options for construction sites to use and it’s important to remember that government rulings dictate that all construction projects In England with a valued of over £300,000 must have a site waste management plan (SWMP) in place.
This should outline what waste your site will produce, how it will be disposed of, who will be responsible for the disposal process and the details of site where your waste will be sent.
Construction waste disposal provided by Bywaters is just one example a carrier who will handle your waste disposal for you and, if used, would be included within relevant SWMPs.
As stated, most materials can easily be recycled but that is still no excuse to not be proactive in your initial choice. Some, such as concrete, are not known for being environmentally friendly being both difficult to make and reuse.
An alternative choice would prove beneficial in a number of areas and many modern buildings now use metals and glass far more widely in the designs. Aside from creating the modern look seen in sleek city or urban residences, this approach uses materials that can (and may have already been) recycled.
As this area becomes more important, being able to offer such environmental benefits will help your company appeal to those who hold this as a high priority. Many people are concerned about their carbon footprint and don't want to be the owner of an impacting build.
What can't be recycled?
There will always be certain areas of construction where recycling isn't as easy, such as when dealing with hazardous waste. Yet even here there is always something that can be done.
Specific companies and services deal with this waste safely and find other uses for it where possible. An environmental service, such as Bywaters, can advise you on the safest way to get rid of these sorts of materials so that you’re business is kept as green as possible.
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Walking is a magic bullet for long-term health, writes John Von Arnim.
There’s no doubt that running seems more manly, burns up more calories and gets your heart pumping faster. But walking regularly helps to lower your blood pressure, reduce your risk of stroke and more. An hour of moderately intense walking has a similar weight loss effect to half an hour of solid running and there’s no risk of mashing your knees or other injuries. You don’t even have to set aside a full 60 minutes in one go, either. Four 15 minute fast walks a day really do add up to a significantly improve your health. One of the real advantages of choosing walking over running is psychological. How many times have you made a New Year’s resolution to start running, bought the gear and then dropped the idea by the end of January? The real truth is that the first week of pushing your heart rate up to 150 beats a minute is a lot more strenuous than you thought. When you take up walking, though, a heart rate of 80 to 100 beats is more manageable, you don’t end up red-faced, sweating or worrying about passers-by laughing at your running style.
Increase your metabolic rate
Striding out briskly for 30 minutes a day, seven days a week, is beneficial to all age groups reports researchers from Duke Medical Center in the American Journal of Cardiology. More importantly, it helps to avoid metabolic syndrome. That’s the proper name for a grab bag of symptoms including abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, hypertension and insulin resistance. In a series of studies more than 170 overweight men and women over 40 were assigned to one of three eight month exercise programs. Those who walked 18 to 20 kilometres a week for an average of 180 minutes ( that’s half an hour a day aver six days) showed a huge improvement in metabolic syndrome. It gets better. This focus group didn’t change their diets and showed better results than a control group of joggers who pounded the pavement for a similar number of kilometres.
In a huge study involving 60,000 people between the ages of 18 and 100, scientists at the University of North Carolina found that aerobic fitness is vital to lowering the risk of stroke. Subjects walked — not jogged — on a treadmill until they peaked at their maximum aerobic capacity. Men in the top 25 per cent of cardio-respiratory fitness had a 40 per cent lower risk of stroke than those in the bottom 25 per cent. According to lead author, Dr Steven Hooker: “We found that a low to moderate amount of aerobic fitness would be enough to substantially lower stroke risk”.
Lower your risk of Alzheimer’s
The benefits of regular walking intensify with age so it’s a good habit to begin early. In a study published in Neurology magazine, a four year survey of more than 700 subjects over the age of 60 confirmed that —”walking is associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s and dementia”.
Walking Do’s and Don’ts
The impact of running on your joints can be more than three times your body weight. But just because walking seems more gentle, you shouldn’t just get up and go, especially if you have been sitting down all day. To warm up your core temperature – run on the spot for five minutes before you set off or walk faster for the first five minutes, Men are less flexible than women so do a few stretching exercises before you start walking. After your core 30 minute walk—try to add a slower paced 10 minute walk or do the same stretching exercises as your warm up to wind down.
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Not on display
- John Latham 1921–2006
- Books, plaster, metal, light bulb and paint on canvas on board
- Displayed: 1225 × 965 × 280 mm, 18kg
- Purchased 2004
Belief System is a wall-mounted assemblage collaged onto a painted canvas. Its main feature is a group of books and disparate metal elements embedded in plaster that was poured onto the canvas when it was in a horizontal position. Latham sprayed this composite cluster with black paint, unifying it and making it stand out from the white background. Two pairs of antique books stand face to face, their pages interleaved, blending them into single objects. The hard leather covers of the lower pair touch at the edges, resulting in an object which appears square and enclosed when seen hanging in the vertical position. The covers of the other pair of books, which is in a configuration at right angles to the first pair, are held open. Those of the lower book are folded right back revealing ripped paper and a title page bearing the words ‘The Parisians’ on one side. On the other, partially visible, a nineteenth century engraving shows a woman sitting on a grassy bank with a man at her feet. Smaller books are stuck to the covers of the four bigger books in varying positions. All the books are warped and deformed by burning and spraying. Such fragments of metal implements as a tin opener, a spring, a coil of wire, a small light bulb, sections of wire gauze, a comb and a long screw are attached to the book covers or lie in the plaster on the canvas. On the left side of the painting a length of cable, painted silver, extends out of a hole down towards the congealed assemblage into which it disappears. It is balanced in the composition by a wavy length of wire describing an arc on the right of the group of books. At the top of the canvas a solitary book is held in place with more plaster, sprayed black and silver at the base where it is wrapped with a length of wire gauze.
Belief System is one of a series of four similar works Latham made in 1959 with the same title. The works share a common structure with other paintings of the period, whose titles – The Bible and Voltaire 1959, The How and the Why 1959, Omniscientist 1963 – refer to the philosophical and scientific systems that the artist was seeking to undermine. Books have a special significance in Latham’s work as a source of knowledge as well as of error. He referred to them as ‘Skoob’, the reversal of the word representing the reversal he aimed to effect on all they represented. His use of them in his assemblages of the late 1950s and early 1960s emphasises their dual status as physical objects held in a static state, witnesses of an event taking place in the present – their visual apprehension by a viewer – and repositories of knowledge, invoking a linear temporality in the reading of them. Like human bodies, they exist concurrently as unified wholes and as the containers of a mass of information, invoking spaces or concepts far beyond the immediate matter they are composed of.
Born in northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), Latham studied painting at Chelsea School of Art (1947-51). He was deeply influenced by the work of El Greco (1541-1614) which he discovered on a visit to Rome in 1945. He created dark-toned quasi-allegorical oil paintings until, on a revelatory day in October 1954 (referred to in his later writings as ‘Io54’ or ‘Idiom of 1954’), he used a spray gun filled with black paint to make his first ‘process sculpture’. In the dense black area of sprayed paint, composed of millions of tiny dots of pigment, Latham saw a new way of understanding time and matter through a unifying atemporality. He later used this in a series of One Second Drawings (see Tate T02070), in which he sprayed sixty boards for one second each with black acrylic paint. The action embodies the idea of what he called a ‘least event’, the very action of making elementary marks in an empty space (on a blank white board) manifesting itself as an elemental structure. The individual dots making up areas of sprayed paint have a similiar structural function to the letters making up the contents of a book. In his first wall-relief assemblage using books, Burial of Count Orgaz 1958 (Tate T02069), books echo the draped fabric in El Greco’s original painting. In the Belief System works, as in a similar series made during the same period titled Observer made in 1959-60 (see Observer IV Tate T03706), books embody processes of thinking contained within an all-embracing present. In another work from the same period, Film Star 1960 (Tate T00854), the open books pages of books are painted twelve colours. Latham filmed static shots of the pages open on different colours to make his film Unedited Material from the Star (1960) in which the books appear to change colour as they open and close. Latham believed the purpose of art is to recreate the lost relationship between the individual and the whole. To this end, he emphasised time-based process, or a language of events, over the static object.
John Latham: Art after Physics, exhibition catalogue, Museum of Modern Art, Oxford and Staatsgalerie Stuttgart 1991, pp.14 and 16
John Latham: In Focus, exhibition brochure, Tate Britain, London 2005, [p.6], fig.5 reproduced [p.6] in colour
John Latham: Zeit und Schicksal, exhibition catalogue, Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf 1975, pp.29 and 31
Does this text contain inaccurate information or language that you feel we should improve or change? We would like to hear from you.
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The blower motor is the fan that pushes heated or cooled air through dashboard vents based on the climate system settings and the fan speed selected. Adjusting the fan speed sends a signal through a resistor to the blower motor to either pick up the pace or slow it down.
The blower motor resistor adjusts the amount of current going to the blower motor based on the selected fan speed. When a blower motor fails, only a small amount of air will come through the interior vents based on the amount of outside air entering the climate system. If the fan doesn’t work, before pointing the finger at the blower motor, check fuses for the motor to make sure they’re still good. Many vehicles have two fuses for the blower motor, one in the interior fuse block and the other under the hood.
The blower motor is usually under the dashboard on the passenger side. Blower motors that make loud squeaks or rattling noises may be worn out and on the verge of packing it in, but sometimes those noises are caused by leaves or other debris that can be cleaned out after the motor is removed from the vehicle.
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Coffee is a drink that has been around for a long time, since about 850 A.D or so, actually. Starting from humble beginnings, coffee has throughout the years has become a commodity that touches base with oil.
The first documented case of coffee consumption comes from the goat herder, Kaldi, in 850 A.D in what is present day Ethiopia. Kaldi noticed his goats started to act strangely energetic after eating berries from a certain shrub.
So he did what any logically thinking person would do, and decided to eat a few himself. He discovered that the berries made himself feel quite erratic as well.
Eventually, a monk from a local monastery wandered though Kaldi’s goat farm, and took some of the berries for himself. After he returned to the monastery, the monk dried them, crushed them into a powder, and mixed it with boiling water. This is one of the first documented cases of coffee consumption. The drink was touted as a gift from the gods, as it helped the monks stay awake during long sessions of prayer.
From there, coffee slowly started to spread with religions and traders, making its way across the land into different nations, and even caused some issues. The Netherlands and France held a monopoly on coffee production until around 1730, when unprocessed beans were smuggled out of the nation by Brazil. In present times, Brazil is one of the world’s largest coffee producing nations.
Ever since coffee was established across the globe, many improvements and innovations have been made to its production and how it is brewed.
Currently, in 2016, we are still experiencing the boom of what people have dubbed the “third wave” of coffee. Pretty much everything before the 1900s is dubbed as the first wave, and any time period practically up to the early domination of Starbucks is seen as the second wave.
Distinguishing the first from second waves is one of the most crucial elements in coffee transportation: vacuum packaging.
This invention allowed coffee to be sold inside of stores, instead of just small boutiques, as it could sit on the shelf longer and stay fresh, lead to less waste, and allowed for more money to flow into the industry. Vacuum packaging is still used today, mainly in supermarket quality coffee, but still prominent nonetheless.
Today, people know more than ever about the coffee they are buying, including tasting notes, which region it was grown in, and in some cases, the specific farm it came from. Coffee brewing championship competitions are hosted every year, and people are putting endless amounts of time into perfecting the craft of coffee brewing.
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September 1916; 13 30,000 people on the Yarra bank on Sunday, 15 October, 14 and 25,000 the following week; 15 a "parade of women. 19 On 1 November 1929, the mandatory service provisions of the Defence Act were suspended and after 18 years conscription for home defence had come to an end. It was obvious that it needed to expand quickly, so the government immediately began a massive recruitment drive with posters, leaflets, recruitment offices in every town and stirring speeches by government ministers. In the novel, she was so worry for her mother's disease and willing to do everything even to be a prostitute to have money to reach her goal. Vermin including rats and lice were. Reference Copied to Clipboard. Asons for conscription, in both wars the reasons were the same; generally because you need to create a large military so you need people, and specifically because casualties on the battlefield had to be replaced. Martin Windrow (consultant editor). Numbered marbles representing birthdates were chosen randomly from a barrel and within a month men whose numbers had been drawn were advised by the dlns (Department of Labour and National Service) of whether they were required for participation. Retrieved The Australian Century, Robert Manne Caucus minutes of 14 November 1916 in A Documentary History of the Australian Labor Movement, Brian McKinley, (1979) isbn Robert Manne, The Australian Century Frank Cain, The Wobblies at War: A History of the IWW and the Great War. Print, reference this, published: Thu, can the Australia governments conscription during World War I be considered a public relations campaign?
WW1 Conscription Persuasive Essay. 6 He promptly crossed the floor with about half of the parliamentary party, creating a new National Labor Party and surviving as prime minister by forming a conservative Nationalist government dependent for support on the Commonwealth Liberal Party. The mischief is merely that each one has too much power.
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18 The essays on professionalism in the military issue deeply divided the Labor Party, with ministers such as Hughes and George Pearce, vigorously arguing the need for conscription for Australia to help the Allies win the war. Citation needed Young men who were subject to the conscription lottery also formed their own anti-conscription organisation, the Youth Campaign Against Conscription. Overall, what can be said about the dismay, the terror that is evident in not just this war, but any war; what should be said is that it is immoral in its entirety, not just because of the changes it brings to average men, but. But, as it is often said, with power comes responsibility, but this responsibility can be too great for some men, and eventually, they are bound to give in to the allure of their own corruption. Next Essays Related to War and Conscription in Australia. To make matters worse they are making conscientious objectors (people whose religious beliefs went against the war) go to war (The History Archive). However the casualty rate was higher than expected, they needed more soldiers in the front lines to replace those wounded or killed so the Government enacted a shady method of conscription - you were conscripted only for the home front and had to volunteer. Following a visit and a report on Australia's defence readiness by Field Marshal Kitchener, the. 51 of 1965 Section 50C C of A Hansard C of A Hansard ve Our Sons Movement (19651973) Australian Women's Archive Project.
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Scholars, artists and other individuals around the world will enjoy free access to online images of millions of objects housed in Yale’s museums, archives, and libraries thanks to a new “Open Access” policy that the University announced today. Yale is the first Ivy League university to make its collections accessible in this fashion, and already more than 250,000 images are available through a newly developed collective catalog.
The goal of the new policy is to make high quality digital images of Yale’s vast cultural heritage collections in the public domain openly and freely available.
Thank you to Yale for providing this valuable service.
This photograph was taken in 1929 by Ralph Steiner, an American photographer of Czech origin, and was donated to Yale in 1932 by one George Hopper Fitch. What initially interests me about this image is the title: Rural American Baroque. Steiner can rightly call the image rural because it recalls the confirmed rural practice of front porch sitting.
But the addition of Baroque complicates the issue because Baroque is not something that one normally associates with rural America, nor is the chair really reflective of iconic Baroque style, which generally refers to an artistic or design style that is very ornate and highly decorated. Perhaps the photographer is referring to the the chair’s decorative scroll pattern, which is something like Baroque in that it is decorative and not simply utilitarian. The addition of Baroque suggests a nice contradiction to traditional or common notions of rural as connoting simple, no-frills sort of design and lifestyle.
This photograph is visually interesting because the doppelganger shadow of the chair is more visible than the chair itself. Even though the chair itself is centered in the photograph and appears to be the subject, the shadow continually draws my attention away from the chair. It seems then that the shadow is the true subject of this photograph, especially because it is in the shadow that one can more clearly see the Baroque-like style which is referred to in the photograph’s title.
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Chinese Language: Traditional vs. simplified
In mainland China a simplified writing system is used, whereas in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and overseas regions the traditional script is being used. Starting from the second half of the nineteenth century, there was a growing consensus that the writing system constituted an obstacle to the achievement of a higher literacy rate. The simplified writing system differs in two ways from the traditional writing system: (1) a reduction of the number of strokes per character and (2) the reduction of the number of characters in common use (two different characters are now written with the same character). A large-scale reform was continued after the founding of the PRC. In 1955 1,053 variant characters were eliminated. In 1956, the Scheme of Simplified Chinese Characters, known later as the First Scheme, was promulgated by the PRC government. It was composed of 525 simplified characters and 54 simplified basic components of characters. The Second Scheme of Simplified Chinese Characters was promulgated in 1977 but was repealed in 1986 amid general disapproval.
Chinese Language: Mandarin vs. Cantonese
Mandarin is by far the largest of the seven or ten Chinese dialect groups, with 70 per cent of Chinese speakers and a huge area stretching from Yunnan in the southwest to Xinjiang in the northwest and Heilongjiang in the northeast. This is attributed to the greater ease of travel and communication in the North China Plain compared to the more mountainous south, combined with the relatively recent spread of Mandarin to frontier areas. Cantonese is spoken by the people of Hong Kong, Macau and Guangdong province, including Guangzhou (previously Canton in English). Most foreign Chinese communities, such as those in London and San Francisco, also speak Cantonese thanks to emigration from Guangdong.
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Oskar Kokoschka approached the world around him introspectively, often interpreting his visions in portraits, landscapes, and other artworks. Around the turn of the twentieth century, Kokoschka and other similar artists began to reject conventional techniques and traditional subjects in favor of more emotional and spiritual content. Their combined efforts formed the basis of the Expressionist movement, which predominantly developed in Germany and Austria between 1905 and 1920. During his second trip to London in 1926, Kokoschka painted this scene of the Thames River, a vista he depicted many times throughout his career. In London, Large Thames View I, the artist effectively captured the bustling motion of the city and the meditative ambiance of the river at dusk in equal measure. Kokoschka established a bold contrast between the structures and the objects in the scene as well as visual balance through the use of a rich and energizing palette of cobalt blue, yellow ochre, and burnt sienna. The hand of the artist is also evident in the rapid and robustly applied brushstrokes, a distinctive characteristic of Kokoschka’s lively style.
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Solid rubber inner tubes are a common option for children's bikes, touring bikes, and any other bicycle that is put under an abnormal amount of stress at the tires. With solid rubber inner tubes, there is no worry of flat tires from rocks, pins, nails, glass or any other usual flat-causing objects, saving your ride from unnecessary walks and the frustration of changing a tire on the side of the road. Keep your bicycle running over any terrain by installing solid rubber inner tubes.
- Skill level:
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
- Solid rubber inner tubes
- Basic wrench set
- Two tire levers
Set your bicycle in a work stand or upside down on its handlebars and seat so that it will not fall over with the wheels removed. Using a 15mm wrench or quick release skewer, remove the wheels from the bicycle.
Deflate the tires currently being used by pressing on the air valve of each tire until all of the air comes out. Using your hands, or a tire lever if necessary, pull the tire and tube off of each wheel and set the tubes aside. These may be recycled at your local bicycle shop, or kept for emergency uses.
Set one bead of each tire back onto the rim, so that one side of the tire is hanging off, and the inside of the tire may be accessed easily. Use your hands to work each of the solid rubber inner tubes into the tire completely.
Using only your hands at first, set the second bead of each tire in place on the rim. On some tire/rim configurations, this will be exceptionally easy, and on others exceptionally hard. If at any point it is to difficult to put the tire on by hand, use a tire lever to wedge it into place.
Replace the wheels on the bicycle with a 15mm wrench or quick release, and take the bike for a test ride.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
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- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for
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Yellowwoods belongs to an ancient family of trees that does not produce flowers, but instead reproduces by means of male and female cones. These dissimilar cones are found on separate trees. Yellowwood fruit also feeds various species of bird, like the purple crested Turaco. Mammals, such as rock hyraxes and Samango monkeys also scale the tree to consume the fruit, while woodland dormice and crested guineafowl scavenge for the fruit on the ground.
At the top of the tree, birds of pray, like crowned eagles will construct their massive nests, while Chacma baboons often take refuse in yellowwoods’ branches for the night.
Halvani understands that if the leopard comes back, the fate of the whole region could change.
A patient and constant research on the trail of the leopard with suggestive Iranian desert landscapes, which reveals the deep love of Halvani for the nature that surrounds him.
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Zika virus is a virus spread by mosquitoes of the Aedes species variety. This is the same breed responsible for transmitting other viral diseases such as chikungunya, yellow fever and dengue. In a few rare cases, sexual activity has also been termed responsible for Zika virus transmission. The virus’ presence is usually confirmed through a laboratory testing, wherein Zika virus RNA’s presence in the blood, urine or saliva is checked. If in the blood, the virus can transfer to a preying mosquito. And the infected mosquito ends up spreading the Zika virus to any individual it bites.
Though the virus caught global attention with its outbreaks in French Polynesia (2013) and Brazil (2015), the virus is as old as 1947. The first case was identified in 1947 in rhesus monkeys of Uganda during a yellow fever research. The monkey’s serum had a transmissible agent, which was initially referred to as Zika virus. Humans first tested positive for the virus in 1952, in Tanzania and Uganda. Subsequent outbreaks have been reported in Africa, Asia, Americas and the Pacific until 1981. However, these cases went unnoticed because they were sporadic and didn’t affect a much larger population at once.
Brazil on Alert
After the 2014 football world cup, Brazil was on high alert due to reports of a new virus’ introduction. The FIFA event was claimed responsible because it brought together people from different parts of the world. However, since no country from the Pacific Islands participated in the event, the connection was ruled out. The international canoe competition that took place in Rio de Janeiro in 2014 was also suspected to be the reason behind Zika virus spread in Brazil since the event had several competitors from different Pacific Islands.
Zika Virus Transmission
- Mosquitoes: When a non-infected female mosquito bites (male mosquitoes don’t bite) the infected, the virus moves into the mosquito’s gut via the circulatory system. It then heads to the mosquito’s salivary glands and gets passed onto the mosquito’s next human victim.
- Sexual Intercourse: Pregnant women having sexual contact with an infected individual’s semen may contract the virus. Infected men or those having recently returned from any regions with Zika transmission should put on condoms during sex. Though there are no clear timeline as to how long the condom should be worn, a minimum of a month is recommended.
Generally, the virus doesn’t stay in the body. Individuals who have been infected before and recovered turn immune to the virus.
Symptoms and Signs
The virus symptoms are similar to other similar viral infections (for instance, dengue and chikungunya). The following are the common symptoms that typically last a few days (2-7 days):
- Skin rashes
- Joint and muscle pain
The resulting fever or illness isn’t serious enough for hospitalized care. Also, the infected rarely succumb to the virus.
Pregnant women infected with the virus are likely to give birth to babies with a serious brain defect called microcephaly. It is a medical condition wherein the baby has a noticeably smaller head than average, in addition to a damaged brain. However, the link between microcephaly and Zika virus is not yet established. The sudden spike in microcephaly cases in Brazil during the Zika virus outbreak led to this speculation.
There aren’t specific medicines or drugs available for treating the infection. Prevention is the best cure. In other words, preventing mosquito bites when in infected areas is the best way to avoid the infection. If infected, the following resorts should help subside or completely cure the symptoms:
- Plenty of physical and mental rest.
- Fluid intake to prohibit dehydration.
- For relieving pain and fever, drugs such as acetaminophen can come handy.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines such as aspirin are not recommended. Also, if currently on medication for another condition, Zika virus medicines must be taken after doctor consultation.
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Digestive secretion is an essential process that occurs in our bodies to help break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by our cells. This article will discuss the different phases of digestive secretion and their importance in maintaining a healthy digestive system.
Understanding Digestive Secretion
Before diving into the phases of digestive secretion, it’s important to grasp the overall concept. Digestive secretion refers to the release of various substances that aid in the digestion and absorption of food. These substances include enzymes, hormones, and other chemical compounds that help break down nutrients into smaller, more easily absorbable forms.
When we eat, our body goes through a complex process to extract the necessary nutrients from the food we consume. Digestive secretion plays a crucial role in this process, acting as the key to unlocking the nutrients trapped within our meals. Without these secretions, our bodies would struggle to break down and absorb the essential components of our diet.
The Role of Digestive Secretion in the Body
Digestive secretion plays a crucial role in our overall digestive process. It helps break down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol. These smaller molecules are then absorbed by the intestines and transported to cells throughout the body for energy production and other essential functions.
Imagine you’re enjoying a delicious meal, perhaps a plate of spaghetti with marinara sauce. As you take a bite, your salivary glands kick into action, releasing saliva into your mouth. This saliva contains an enzyme called amylase, which begins the process of breaking down the complex carbohydrates present in the pasta into simple sugars like glucose. This initial step is just the beginning of the intricate dance of digestive secretion that takes place within our bodies.
As the food travels down the esophagus and reaches the stomach, gastric juice comes into play. Gastric juice, secreted by the gastric glands in the stomach lining, contains hydrochloric acid and enzymes like pepsin. These substances work together to break down proteins into their building blocks, amino acids. The acidic environment of the stomach helps activate pepsin, ensuring efficient protein digestion.
The Components of Digestive Secretion
Several components contribute to the process of digestive secretion. These include saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal juice. Each component contains specific enzymes that target different food components, ensuring complete digestion and absorption.
Let’s take a closer look at pancreatic juice, for example. The pancreas, located near the stomach, secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine. This juice contains a variety of enzymes, including pancreatic amylase, lipase, and proteases. Pancreatic amylase continues the work of breaking down complex carbohydrates, while lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. The proteases target proteins, breaking them down into amino acids.
Bile, on the other hand, is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It is released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. Bile contains bile salts, which help emulsify fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets. This process increases the surface area available for lipase to act upon, facilitating the digestion of fats.
Finally, intestinal juice, secreted by the small intestine, contains various enzymes that further break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. These enzymes work in synergy with the enzymes from other digestive secretions, ensuring that no nutrient is left undigested.
As you can see, the process of digestive secretion is a complex and coordinated effort involving multiple components and enzymes. Each component plays a vital role in breaking down the different macronutrients into their simplest forms, allowing for efficient absorption and utilization by our bodies.
The Cephalic Phase of Digestive Secretion
The cephalic phase of digestive secretion refers to the initial stage of digestion that begins before food even enters the stomach. It is triggered by the sight, smell, taste, or even the thought of food.
During the cephalic phase, the body prepares itself for the incoming food, ensuring that the digestive system is ready to efficiently break down and absorb nutrients. This phase is a crucial part of the overall digestive process, as it sets the stage for the subsequent mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
Triggers of the Cephalic Phase
Various sensory stimuli can trigger the cephalic phase. When we smell the aroma of a freshly baked cake, for example, our brain sends signals to our salivary glands to start producing saliva to aid in the digestion of that delicious treat. The olfactory receptors in our nose detect the scent molecules, which then travel to the olfactory bulb in the brain. From there, signals are sent to the salivary glands, stimulating them to secrete saliva rich in enzymes.
Similarly, the anticipation of a meal or the thought of food can initiate this phase. Just thinking about a mouth-watering dish can activate the cephalic phase, causing the release of digestive enzymes and preparing the body for the upcoming meal.
The Role of the Brain in the Cephalic Phase
Our brain plays a significant role in the cephalic phase of digestive secretion. It sends signals to various glands and organs involved in digestion, preparing them to receive and process food. This phase not only stimulates saliva production but also primes the stomach and other digestive organs for optimal digestion.
When we see or smell food, the visual and olfactory information is processed in the brain, specifically in the limbic system and hypothalamus. These areas are responsible for regulating appetite and triggering the release of hormones that control hunger and satiety. As a result, the brain sends signals to the stomach, pancreas, and liver, among other organs, to prepare for food intake.
In addition to saliva production, the cephalic phase also promotes an increase in gastric acid secretion and stomach motility. This prepares the stomach for the arrival of food, ensuring that it can effectively mix and break down the ingested substances. Furthermore, the brain signals the pancreas to release digestive enzymes and the gallbladder to contract and release bile, both of which aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
Overall, the cephalic phase of digestive secretion is a fascinating and intricate process that highlights the intricate connection between our senses, brain, and digestive system. It showcases the body’s remarkable ability to prepare for food intake even before it enters the stomach, ensuring efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients.
The Gastric Phase of Digestive Secretion
As food enters the stomach, the gastric phase of digestive secretion begins. This phase is vital for breaking down food further and preparing it for absorption in the small intestine.
The Importance of the Gastric Phase
The gastric phase allows the stomach to release gastric juice, which contains hydrochloric acid and enzymes like pepsin that break down proteins into smaller peptides. This helps to facilitate the digestion process and ensures that the nutrients present in the food can be properly absorbed by the body. Without the gastric phase, the food would not be adequately broken down, making it difficult for the small intestine to absorb the nutrients effectively.
In addition to breaking down proteins, the gastric phase also plays a crucial role in mixing the food with gastric secretions to form chyme. Chyme is a semi-liquid substance that is created by the mechanical churning and mixing actions of the stomach muscles. This mixture of food and gastric secretions is essential for the overall digestion process, as it helps to further break down the food into smaller particles, making it easier for the small intestine to continue the digestion and absorption process.
Hormonal and Nervous System Control in the Gastric Phase
The gastric phase is regulated by both hormonal and nervous system control. When food enters the stomach, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that stimulates the production of gastric juice. Gastrin plays a pivotal role in signaling the stomach to increase its secretion of hydrochloric acid and enzymes, ensuring that the gastric phase is carried out effectively.
Furthermore, the nervous system also plays a crucial role in coordinating the muscular contractions and secretion of digestive enzymes during the gastric phase. Through a complex network of nerve signals, the nervous system ensures that the stomach muscles contract and relax in a coordinated manner, allowing for efficient mixing of food and gastric secretions. Additionally, the nervous system also regulates the release of various neurotransmitters that control the secretion of digestive enzymes, further aiding in the digestion process.
In conclusion, the gastric phase of digestive secretion is a vital part of the overall digestion process. It helps to break down proteins, mix food with gastric secretions to form chyme, and ensures that the digestive enzymes and muscular contractions are coordinated effectively. Without the gastric phase, the digestion and absorption of nutrients would be compromised, leading to potential nutrient deficiencies and digestive issues.
The Intestinal Phase of Digestive Secretion
Once the food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine, the intestinal phase of digestive secretion takes over. This phase is critical for nutrient absorption.
The small intestine, a remarkable organ, plays a vital role in the intestinal phase. It is a long, coiled tube that measures about 20 feet in length. The inner lining of the small intestine is covered in tiny finger-like projections called villi, which greatly increase its surface area. These villi are lined with even smaller microvilli, forming a brush border, further enhancing absorption.
The Role of the Small Intestine in the Intestinal Phase
The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption. During the intestinal phase, the small intestine secretes enzymes that further digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, allowing for easier absorption by the intestinal wall.
The enzymes secreted by the small intestine include sucrase, lactase, and maltase, which break down complex sugars into simpler forms like glucose and fructose. Proteases, such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, break down proteins into amino acids. Lipases, on the other hand, break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
These enzymes work in synergy with the pancreatic enzymes that enter the small intestine via the pancreatic duct. Together, they ensure that the food we consume is broken down into its basic building blocks, ready for absorption.
The Influence of Nutrients on the Intestinal Phase
The presence of nutrients, especially simple sugars and amino acids, stimulates the release of hormones like insulin and cholecystokinin (CCK), which promote the further secretion of digestive enzymes and bile. This allows for efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.
Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps regulate blood sugar levels. When simple sugars are detected in the small intestine, insulin is released into the bloodstream. This hormone signals the cells of the small intestine to increase the production and secretion of digestive enzymes, facilitating the breakdown of sugars for absorption.
CCK, another hormone, is released by specialized cells in the lining of the small intestine in response to the presence of amino acids. CCK stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas. Bile plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of fats, while pancreatic enzymes aid in the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins.
Together, insulin and CCK ensure that the intestinal phase of digestion is finely regulated, allowing for optimal nutrient absorption and utilization by the body.
Disorders Related to Digestive Secretion
While digestive secretion is a natural and essential process, disruptions in its function can lead to various digestive disorders.
Symptoms and Causes of Digestive Secretion Disorders
Digestive secretion disorders can manifest in different ways, including indigestion, acid reflux, bloating, or nutrient deficiencies. Causes can vary and may include factors such as diet, stress, medications, or underlying medical conditions.
Treatment and Prevention of Digestive Secretion Disorders
The treatment and prevention of digestive secretion disorders depend on the specific condition and its underlying cause. Lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, medication, and stress management techniques may all play a role in alleviating symptoms and promoting a healthy digestive system.
In conclusion, the phases of digestive secretion are integral to the efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients. Understanding and supporting these phases through a healthy lifestyle and balanced diet can contribute to optimal digestive function and overall well-being. Consult with a healthcare professional if you have concerns about your digestive health or suspect a digestive secretion disorder.
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In the process of cocoa bean processing, there are a lot of wastes, such as bean shell, seed coat, seed embryo and so on. These wastes are treated and have certain use value. Cocoa waste is mainly bean shell, which contains more protein and fiber, and can be used as feed or organic fertilizer.
Bode shell is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Because the cocoa tree needs more potassium and the content of potassium carbonate in the bean shell is high, the bean shell is very suitable for the production of organic fertilizer raw materials.
Cocoa seed coating is also suitable for use as organic fertilizer. Fertilizer made from seed coating can reduce the viscosity of the soil and play the role of humus and humus. Seed coat is not easy to decompose. In the fermentation of organic fertilizer, seed coating needs to be pretreated, crushed into small pieces, and then composted for fermentation.
The production of organic fertilizer from cocoa waste can be divided into two stages: composting fermentation and organic fertilizer production equipment processing.
Fermentation composting of cocoa waste
The weight of bean shell accounts for a large part of the weight of cocoa fruit itself. After the cocoa beans are removed, the shells are usually discarded in situ. Pod shells are of great value. Therefore, the proximity principle should be adopted in the selection of organic fertilizer production site to facilitate the fermentation of raw materials.
Cocoa processing waste (bean shell, seed coat) is put into fermentation tank, and animal manure such as chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure are all added with regulating raw materials. After high temperature fermentation, harmful bacteria are killed.
Processing cocoa compost with organic fertilizer production equipment
Fermentation compost is produced into fertilizer products by the industrial processing of organic fertilizer production equipment. The basic fertilizer equipment for cocoa composting processing includes fertilizer crusher, mixer, organic fertilizer granulator, rotary dryer, rotary cooler and packaging machine. Different fertilizer products can be produced by different processing technologies.
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Fibonacci Numbers and Nature
This website give information about the fibonacci sequence. It links to a two part page about family trees and the golden section as used in nature.
Geometry in Art & Architecture
Each section of this online syllabus include an excellent collection of photos and short notes on geometry through history. Use in connecting math thematically to world history and Bible units. Section titles include: introduction, the golden ratio and squaring...
Grade 1-Grade 8
When students struggle with mathematics, the problem is almost always basic-fact related. Mad Minute is specifically designed to help students overcome this situation. It is a 30- to 40-day sequence of speed drills on the basic number facts. It’s perfect...
Math Anxiety: Helping Students Learn to Succeed
Grade 7-Grade 12
Research reveals a relationship between math anxiety and under-performing in math. Sydney Samuel shares the reasons why high school and college age students have difficulty mastering concepts in mathematics. An overview of difficulties that take place at the...
This PowerPoint collection has ready-to-go presentations for instruction and review games for math classes at all levels K-12, in a broad range of mathematical topics.
NAD Mathematics Curriculum Guide K-12
This NAD curriculum guide outlines the Adventist philosophy and rationale in maths education K-12, spiritual concepts, goals, and specific objectives for each subtopic for each grade level.
NAD teachers should consult updated textbook recommendations...
Basic arithmetic through pre-algebra explanations with examples for young students. Topics include shapes and colors, counting numbers, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, order of operations, dates, times, fractions, decimals, percentages, rounding,...
TERC Mathematics & Science Education
TERC is committed to fostering vibrant learning communities where questioning, problem solving, and experimentation are commonplace, focusing on actual problems for which there are no simple solutions in the fields of mathematics and science. TERC develops...
The World Almanac For Kids
Child-friendly content from the annually published World Almanac for Kids available online. This almanac published annually since 1996 provides kids with the information they crave on thousands of subjects.
Using Numbers to Teach Critical Thinking
Math phobia is evident in the college statistics classes and can be traced to attitudes towards numbers developed in elementary or secondary school. While learning to appreciate how numbers (mathematics) functions in society, how they can be used as a tool...
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SAIEVAC believes that violence includes all forms of physical or mental violence, injury and abuse, neglect and negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse. This definition covers exposure of children to violence in all settings including in their home, communities, schools, institutions, workplaces, and as well in development and emergency settings. Violence is also understood to occur not only between adults and children but also between children.
SAIEVAC also strongly takes into account Gender aspects of violence such as the different risks and consequences of violence for boys and girls. All children within the jurisdiction of SAIEVAC member States regardless of their sex, race, colour, language, religion, caste, class, disability or other status, national or social origin, political or other opinion should be protected from all forms of violence and discrimination.
SAIEVAC’s vision is that all children, girls and boys, throughout South Asia enjoy their right to an environment free from all forms of violence, abuse, exploitation, neglect and discrimination
- To ensure the realization of children’s rights as stated in the UNCRC and its Optional Protocols
- To prevent and respond to all forms of neglect, abuse, exploitation and violence against children in all settings
- To promote the adoption, implementation, and monitoring of integrated national strategies with adequate budgets and resource allocation to prevent and protect children from violence and ensure response
- To reinforce regional cooperation to end violence against children in South Asia
SAIEVAC’s aims to prevent and respond to all forms of neglect, abuse, exploitation and violence against children through a comprehensive child protection system at the regional and national level where governments, civil society and children are empowered to share experience, formalize linkages and reinforce cooperation to end violence against children.
By 2015, SAIEVAC will have undertaken 13 strategic steps towards ending violence against children:
Step 1.Reinforce REGIONAL COOPERATION
Share experiences and good practices and provide mutual assistance among members to end violence throughout the South Asian Region
Step 2.Develop A NATIONAL STRATEGY
Develop and implement at country level a comprehensive national strategy, policy, or plan of action to end violence against children
Step 3.Develop and enforce LEGISLATIVE MEASURES
Mature and put into practice legislative measures to prevent, prohibit and eliminate all forms of violence against children and assure their alignment with UNCRC and other international and regional instruments
Step 4. PREVENTION
Address violence root causes and focus on it’s prevention giving consideration to immediate risks and protective factors.
Step 5. DATA COLLECTION
Develop and implement a systematic national research and data collection system on violence against children. Based on generated evidences, members will take effective action, allocate resources to end violence against children and measure the progress throughout the years.
Step 6.PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND LEARNING
Build the capacity of all professionals who work with or for children to improve prevention, detection and response to violence against children.
Step 7.CHILD CARE STANDARDS
Develop standards for all caregivers and for alternative care arrangements. Assure that institutions providing care, education and protection to the child are bound to regulations and monitored by an independent body
Develop a safe, well publicized, confidential, accessible and child friendly reporting systems. Guarantee that children as well as their representatives can report violence against children and make sure that institutions in contact with children investigate allegations quickly and fully.
Step 9.REFERRAL MECHANISM
Define clear procedures for the referral of child victims of violence and the modalities for inter-agency cooperation concerning the assessment and follow-up of each particular victim.
Step 10. RECOVERY, REHABILITATION and SOCIAL REINTEGRATION
Implement measures that promote physical and psychological recovery and rehabilitation of child victims as well as witnesses of violence and related families. Make sure action is taken without delay and in an environment that fosters children’s health, self- respect and dignity.
Step 11.THE JUSTICE SYSTEM
Apply a judicial systems that pursue the best interests of the child and respect the rights of the child including the child’s right to protection from violence
Step 12.EDUCATION AND AWARENESS RAISING
Reach out adults and children through public information and media campaign, educate and raise awareness on child rights and protection , breakdown misconceptions and change societal behaviour.
Step 13. CHILD AND CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION
Support the meaningful and active participation as well as decision making process of civil society, children, and young people to prevent and monitor violence against children.
The Kathmandu Commitment to Action
for Ending Violence Against Children
SAIEVAC as an SAARC apex body will continue to strengthen its institutional linkages with the regional cooperation mechanisms in its mission to end violence against children in South Asia.
SAIEVAC and the SACG therefore make this Commitment to Action by putting forth the following recommendations.
1. We the members of the South Asia Initiative for Ending Violence against Children (SAIEVAC) commit to ensuring heightened attention to ending violence against children and simultaneously ensuring adequate focus and promotion of the well-being of women, children and youth in the South Asian Region as laid forth in the Social Charter of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and in line with the recommendations presented in the UN Study on Violence Against Children (2006).
2. We the members of the South Asia Initiative for Ending Violence against Children (SAIEVAC) commit to promoting institutional mechanisms that building linkages and synergies with the SAARC processes so as to achieve the objective of region-wide consensus on social action for realizing the rights of the child and the goals set for them within the framework of the survival, development and protection strategy, addressed during the SAARC Ministerial Conferences on Children.
3. We the members of the South Asia Initiative for Ending Violence against Children (SAIEVAC)commit to strengthening regional cooperation and coordination between governments, bilateral agencies, UN-agencies, INGO/NGOs, networks, regional judiciary forums, media, the corporate sector, academia, women, children and young people to address and implement recommendations from the UN Study on Violence Against Children (2006) and additional recommendations from global, regional, ministerial, and local studies and reports to end violence against women, children and youth in South Asia, specifically recognizing and acting on the key issues for the region (ANNEX 1) which include child marriage, violence, child trafficking, and sexual abuse and exploitation.
4. We the members of the South Asia Initiative for Ending Violence against Children (SAIEVAC) commit to involve children and youth, strengthen and support child-led organizations and ensure children and youth’s participation in decision-making on all matters that affect their lives.
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Archive for 'Teachers' Category
Making It Happen: Common Core Standards is a new publication from NCTM that connects the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) with the NCTM’s 30-year track record in standards for school mathematics. The report shows that many of the aims and goals of the Common Core State Standards Initiative are consistent with those of [...]
Interesting talk by Conrad Wolfram (strategic director of Wolfram Research, which produces mathematical software): “From rockets to stock markets, many of humanity’s most thrilling creations are powered by math. So why do kids lose interest in it? Conrad Wolfram says the part of math we teach — calculation by hand — isn’t just tedious, it’s [...]
Intriguing talk by Dan Meyer: “Today’s math curriculum is teaching students to expect — and excel at — paint-by-numbers classwork, robbing kids of a skill more important than solving problems: formulating them.”
Letter published in Education Week (January 4, 2011) from Diane Ravitch to to Deborah Meier Dear Deborah, I have been fascinated by the continuing commentary and controversy about the results of the international tests of reading, mathematics, and science known as PISA (the Program for International Student Assessment). President Barack Obama and Secretary Arne Duncan [...]
The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is carried out by the nations of the OECD to assess what 15 year-olds have learned, both inside and out of school. Students performed better on the 2009 assessment than on the 2006 assessment. However, they continued to perform significantly below the international average for industrialized nation.
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A team of researchers from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur has developed a low-cost diagnostic device to perform various pathological tests by using blood taken from a finger prick, reports Hindustan Times.
According to an IIT Kharagpur statement on Tuesday (13 August), the device requires only a paper strip based kit integrated with a smartphone to enable analytics and readout functions and an LED light for imaging.
The statement added that the key aspect of the kit, developed by a research team led by Professor Suman Chakraborty, is that it is simple to operate and has extremely low running cost.
The cost of each test by the kit under laboratory conditions is under Re 1 or even less while in case of the commercialisation of the product, the cost is likely to marginally vary.
The device requires a single drop of blood an a drop of reagent (a substance used to cause a chemical reaction) on the paper-based reaction chamber.
“Compared to other reported portable devices for haemoglobin estimation, this device is implementable without any trained personnel at resource-limited settings,” Chakraborty said.
According to the report, extensive validation tests have been conducted for blood glucose and haemoglobin at laboratories as well as in the field.
“We have tested it at extreme challenging environment with uncontrolled dirt, dust and humidity, and in the absence of structured clinics or air-conditioned pathological laboratories to work,” Dr Satadal Saha, visiting professor at the School of Medical Science and Technology of IIT Kharagpur, said.
As you are no doubt aware, Swarajya is a media product that is directly dependent on support from its readers in the form of subscriptions. We do not have the muscle and backing of a large media conglomerate nor are we playing for the large advertisement sweep-stake.
Our business model is you and your subscription. And in challenging times like these, we need your support now more than ever.
We deliver over 10 - 15 high quality articles with expert insights and views. From 7AM in the morning to 10PM late night we operate to ensure you, the reader, get to see what is just right.
Becoming a Patron or a subscriber for as little as Rs 1200/year is the best way you can support our efforts.
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In the past half-century, the global production of meat has undergone a seismic shift. While meat was once mostly raised on small farms, today almost all the meat we eat comes from industrialized “factory” farms, known as “concentrated animal feeding operations,” or CAFOs. More than 90 percent of the world’s meat supply comes from CAFOs. And in the US, that figure is closer to 99 percent.
Animals in CAFOs are often packed closely together, which makes the facilities efficient and, for many, ethically dubious. There are also environmental concerns around these industrial farms. But infectious disease experts worry about CAFOs for a different reason: They’re an ideal environment for virus and bacteria mutations that human immune systems have never seen. In other words, they’re a highly likely source for the next pandemic.
Watch the video above to learn how humans have created the ideal environment for pandemic-causing pathogens.
Will you become our 20,000th supporter? When the economy took a downturn in the spring and we started asking readers for financial contributions, we weren’t sure how it would go. Today, we’re humbled to say that nearly 20,000 people have chipped in. The reason is both lovely and surprising: Readers told us that they contribute both because they value explanation and because they value that other people can access it, too. We have always believed that explanatory journalism is vital for a functioning democracy. That’s never been more important than today, during a public health crisis, racial justice protests, a recession, and a presidential election. But our distinctive explanatory journalism is expensive, and advertising alone won’t let us keep creating it at the quality and volume this moment requires. Your financial contribution will not constitute a donation, but it will help keep Vox free for all. Contribute today from as little as $3.
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Science Week November 2018
Science Week November 2018 kicked off on Monday morning, the 12th of November, with Mrs Duffy's 4th class travelling to Clones Library for a workshop on Diversity of Aquatic Life in Our Rivers and Lakes. Members of Monaghan EPA explained what grows in the rivers and lakes of County Monaghan of which there are many. The EPA unit undertake biological monitoring programmes and assess water quality. They brought along fresh samples from a local river to show the diversity of aquatic life in the local waters. The 4th class pupils then tried their hand at some scientific experiments and became detectives identifying the various aquatic creatures in the water samples.
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National and international experience shows that working together in partnership with local communities and public bodies is the best way to protect and improve our water. It also helps to make sure local communities’ livelihoods and health are sustained and protected into the future.
To effectively manage our catchments, bottom-up and top-down collaboration is necessary. In other words, everyone involved – from government agencies to local communities and individuals – needs to share knowledge and information.
Catchments.ie will highlight stories from around Ireland showing how we can manage our rivers, lakes and coastal waters, and share the science and information needed to help people make informed decisions.
This website is a partnership between the Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government, the Environmental Protection Agency and the new Local Authority Waters Programme.
Understanding our catchments means we need to understand and integrate a huge range of information. For example, we need to gather information about how people are using the water, including water for drinking, for agriculture, for industrial use and for bathing.
We need to understand the geography and geology of an area, looking at how all the water bodies are connected both above and below ground.
We also need to examine how the water flows from where it falls as rain to the sea; how people use the land and waterbodies, and what livelihoods are supported.
Finally we gather information about possible sources of pollution, including urban waste water treatment plants, septic tanks, and runoff from farming, forestry and landfills and use a Source-Pathway-Receptor model to see how these pollutants move through the landscape.
You can see information related to this on the Maps and Data pages, which are updated regularly.
To help manage our water, the Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government publishes a River Basin Management Plan for each cycle of the Water Framework Directive. More details are available on tier website: www.housing.gov.ie/water/water-quality/water
Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management
The Office of Public Works (OPW) is the lead agency for flood risk management in Ireland and is the national competent authority for the EU Floods Directive. Accordingly, the OPW is responsible for Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management programme. They work in partnership with all local authorities to achieve the objectives of the programme throughout the country.
Quite simply, everyone in Ireland has a role to play. This can be from something as simple as making sure you don’t pollute your local stream, or a local community working together to establish a Rivers Trust to enhance the rivers and lakes in their area, to a Government Department or Agency helping a Minister implement a new policy to help protect and enhance all our water bodies.
This website has been developed and is maintained by the Environmental Protection Agency, and is a collaboration between the Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Local Authority Waters Programme.
Local Authority Waters Programme
The Local Authority Waters Programme coordinates the efforts of local authorities and other public bodies in the implementation of the River Basin Management Plan, and supports local community and stakeholder involvement in managing our natural waters, for everyone’s benefit.
Environmental Protection Agency
The EPA is responsible for coordinating the monitoring, assessment and reporting on the status of our 4,829 water bodies, looking at trends and changes, determining which waterbodies are at risk and what could be causing this, and drafting environmental objectives and measures for each.
Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage
The Department is responsible for making sure that the right policies, regulations and resources are in place to implement the Water Framework Directive, and developing a River Basin Management Plan and Programme of Measures that will be implemented after public consultation and sign off by the Minister.
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According to the CDC approximately one in six Americans is sickened each year by food borne illnesses. That’s nearly 48 million preventable illnesses. The best prevention, according to the FDA, is to properly treat or cook the food and then to chill it to temperatures that prevent the growth of pathogen and the formation of toxins.
Although the optimum temperatures differ, meats and seafoods all must maintain exact temperatures throughout shipping to ensure quality, palatability, and safety through the journey from origination to the ultimate customer. For these products, it’s not enough to ensure they are frozen or refrigerated. Here, the exact temperature matters. For example, fresh beef and scallops should be maintained at 0° to 1°C, while cured farm-style bacon is stable at 16°-18°C.
Optimal frozen temperatures vary, too, depending upon the product. Frozen fish should be kept between -29° and -23°C, while frozen lamb and pork may be as warm as -18°C. However, most cold storage retailers and shippers specify that frozen meat be stored at -24°C.Excursions outside those parameters may affect the texture, flavor, and safety of these products.
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A beautifully designed, 24-page reading magazine specifically designed for Year 2 students.
The magazine’s content has been specifically curated for Year 2 students. It uses age-appropriate vocabulary and a variety of text types to address a wide range of relevant and engaging topics. The articles contained within the magazine directly relate to learning areas such as Science, History, Geography, The Arts, and Health and Physical Education.
Some of the highlights of this issue include:
- “A True Champion” (narrative)
- “How to Make a Milkshake” (procedure)
- “How Does Water Get to Our Taps?” (information report)
- “Welcome to France!” (country profile)
- “The ‘Oops’ Opportunity” (comic).
Five sets of task cards addressing the areas of writing, language, comprehension, reading strategies, and higher-order thinking skills have been developed to support and complement the magazine’s content. Download the What’s Buzzing? Task Cards.
If you are keen to save time, ink and paper, you can display a digital version of the magazine on your interactive whiteboard or one-to-one device using our online flip-book.
National Curriculum Curriculum alignment
Key Stage 1 (KS1)
Key Stage 1 (KS1) covers students in Year 1 and Year 2.
English has a pre-eminent place in education and in society. A high-quality education in English will teach pupils to speak and write fluently so that they can communicate their ideas and emotions to others and through their reading and listening, ot...
We create premium quality, downloadable teaching resources for primary/elementary school teachers that make classrooms buzz!
Find more resources for these topics
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To understand which laser eye surgery is best, you need to know how your eyes work.
How do the eyes work?
What is Myopia or near-sightedness?
Myopia occurs when the eyeball is too long. As a result, parallel rays of light come into focus in front of the retina. People with myopia can see objects that are closer to them more clearly, but distant objects are blurred. They may, for example, have difficulty seeing detail on the TV screen and will not be able to drive without wearing their glasses. The longer the eyeball is the higher the glasses prescription would be. People who are short-sighted get a concave (minus) lenses on their glasses which diverges the light and help focus it back onto the retina rather than in front of the retina.
What is Long-sightedness or Hyperopia?
Hyperopia (long-sightedness) occurs when the eyeball is short. As a result parallel rays of light come into focus behind the retina when the eye is in an unaccommodated state. In younger people with long-sightedness, the lens is still flexible and is able to change its shape to accommodate and focus the rays of light on to the retina, providing clear vision without glasses. This however exposes the eye to stress due to the need for constant use of the eye muscle (accommodation), sometimes leading to eye fatigue and headaches. As the natural lens stiffens with age, patients with long-sightedness are no longer able to accommodate and become more dependent on glasses or contact lenses. Patients with hyperopia wear convex (plus) lenses which makes the light rays to converge and hence focus on the retina rather than behind it.
What is an Astigmatism?
What is irregular astigmatism?
What is Presbyopia?
This is a normal, age-related condition which typically starts to occur after 40 years of age. It’s the reason most people need reading glasses after this age, even if they have never needed glasses before.
This is because the natural lens of the eye becomes stiffer and loses its flexibility to change its focusing power. In younger patients, the lens is able to increase focussing power (accommodate), to see near objects clearly, and these patients only need glasses for distance. However, presbyopic individuals require bifocals/varifocal glasses or two separate glasses to see near and distance clearly.
Patients who have laser eye surgery may have, or will eventually, develop presbyopia as the normal ageing process.
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development by NEC Corp.In 1924 NEC began its own radio communications business, helping to usher in Radio Tokyo, the first broadcast station in Japan. In 1928 NEC used telephotography equipment it had developed (a precursor to the facsimile machine) to transmit photographs of the coronation of Emperor Hirohito from Kyōto to Tokyo, a feat that had a great impact on the Japanese population.
fax machines...the development of improved long-distance telephone service. Between 1920 and 1923 the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) worked on telephone facsimile technology, and in 1924 the telephotography machine was used to send pictures from political conventions in Cleveland, Ohio, and Chicago to New York City for publication in newspapers. The telephotography machine employed...
Simply begin typing or use the editing tools above to add to this article.
Once you are finished and click submit, your modifications will be sent to our editors for review.
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When it comes to unvaccinated people, one with measles can infect from 12 to 18 others. And the measles virus is one of the most infectious diseases out there. If a person with measles is in a room and simply coughs, a person that is in the same room and it is not vaccinated, can get the virus from the droplets in the air. There is no other virus that can do that.
How it was before
If you were born before 1960, there is a possibility you have had the measles infection. Before 1963, in the US, before a vaccine was introduced, about 500 people died every year. Measles was the leading killer disease in children.
That is why you need to get vaccinated. If you have the proper doses, then you will never get sick with measles. By 2000, because of vaccination, the virus was declared “done” in the US. Outbreak became uncommon, and death from measles rarely happened.
It is true; it is not the same situation around the world – especially if we talk about low-income countries, like Vietnam or the Philippines.
How it is now
However, we deal with this problem again – especially in the US, Canada, and Europe, because people refuse to get vaccinated. In Europe, in the fast half of 2018, there were more than 41.000 cases, which is a very high record for a post-vaccine era. In 2018, in the US, there were about 17 outbreaks and 349 cases. More than 180 of the cases happened in Orthodox Jewish communities.
Right now there is an outbreak of measles in Washington, and the governor has declared a public health emergency. People are asked to go and vaccinate as soon as possible.
Tim M. Hill helped bring Digital-Overload from a weekly newsletter to a full-fledged news site by creating a new website and branding. He continues to assist in keeping the site responsive and well organized for the readers. As a writer to Digital-Overload, Tim mainly covers mobile news and gadgets.
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The infographic by Mechanicsville, Maryland, designer Zachary Vabolis maps out Near-Earth Objects — NASA-speak for asteroids and other scary crap that could send us the way of the dinosaurs — according to how close they'll get to our planet and when.
The data apparently comes straight from NASA and only shows objects that are 1,000 meters in diameter or wider, ie. big enough to do some damage. Basically, Earth is like one of those movie-star action heroes that gets shot at by about 1,000 machine guns but miraculously never gets hit.
So we're not sure what this chart can do except frighten the bejesus out of you. But take heart: The biggest one on the list, a gem called 1036 Ganymed that's double the size of the asteroid thought to have wiped out more than half of the species on Earth 65 million years ago, won't come into town until... next year.
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