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In terms of composing and performing music, mastering is the process of taking the sounds the band has created, or the electronic instruments have synthesized, and turning them from a demo that sounds good into a final mix that sounds great. There are five main steps to this: balancing, panning, equalization, compression and adding effects.
The most basic yet most important part of mixing is getting the balance right. The idea is to ensure that no two instruments clash with one another.
Foundation This is usually the bass and drums. It's the main driving force of the song.
Pad Long, sustained notes or chords. Usually generated by synthesizers, but can be an organ, strings or even a choir.
Rhythm Any instrument playing counter to the foundation element, such as a rhythm guitar strumming on the backbeat.
Lead Usually a lead vocal or guitar solo, but it can be any lead instrument.
Fills These usually occur in the spaces between lead lines, like an answer to the lead.
Usually it is best to have any three or four of these elements present at any given time, substituting some for others when switching between the verse and chorus.
You should try to ensure that no two instruments occupy the same frequencies in the same place at the same time. You can either try moving one up or down an octave, or ensure that they never play at the same time. It may also be possible to resolve the clash with panning or equalization, as detailed below.
When mixing in stereo, leaving fancy effects aside, all the sounds in a song appear to come from either the left speaker, the right speaker, or somewhere in between the two. This space where all the sounds appear to originate is called the sound field.
The important thing to remember is to never pan hard left or hard right. Even if you have a synthesizer that has a stereo output, you shouldn't pan its outputs hard left and hard right. If you did that with every instrument, it would still sound like the instruments were all in the same location as each other, which defeats the point of a stereo mix: to make it sound like different instruments are in different physical locations from each other.
Other than avoiding hard left and hard right panning, there are few rules. In general, you should aim to have roughly the same amount of instruments to either side of the listener, and make sure none of them are clashing with each other. Apart from that, you're free to experiment. Most modern mixes have centered kick drums and bass guitars, but many old recordings feature these instruments panned quite far to one side. Similarly, it is quite common to find a drumkit spread out across the sound field in recent songs, whereas it was seen as just one instrument with just one position for the whole kit in older recordings. There are very few right and wrong ways of panning a mix, as long as none of the instruments conflict with each other.
Equalizers boost or cut certain frequencies of a sound. They can make sounds brighter, clearer and bigger. Just as importantly, they can help the different instruments fit well together in a complete mix.
The parametric EQ is perhaps the most useful kind of equalizer, as it lets you determine the frequency to alter, the amount to cut or boost it by, and the amount of bandwidth (often labelled "Q") to affect either side of that frequency.
Set the EQ to cut by about 8 or 10dB.
Gently sweep through the frequencies until the instrument has the most definition.
Adjust the amount of cut and bandwidth until it sounds good.
Turn the EQ off, or bypass it on the mixing desk, then turn it back on again, to ensure that it sounds better with the change than without.
The same can work with boosting rather than cutting, but it is always best to try cutting first. Frequencies are cut in nature by the objects in the way of the sound source, which is why you can't hear the hi-hats but can hear the bass of your next door neighbour's music. Boosting also adds phase shift, which is something you want to avoid too much of.
Compressors lower the amplitude of a signal once that signal reaches a certain volume. The two main reasons for using compression are to either control the dynamics, or use it as an effect.
In terms of controlling the dynamics, a compressor can be used to make loud sounds less loud. As they usually have the option of amplifying a sound, in effect they also make the quiet sounds less quiet. After adding compression, the way the vocals are sung or the instrument is played sounds much more consistent, with only minor variations in volume.
In terms of using compression as an effect, compressing with the right settings can make a track seem closer, more aggressive or more exciting. The most predominant frequency of a sound will stick out even more with compression.
Compressors usually have the following five controls: threshold, ratio, attack, release and gain.
The threshold is the volume a signal needs to reach in order for the compressor to kick in. The lower this is, the more dramatic the effect will be.
The ratio is the number of dB by which the input level needs to increase in order to cause a corresponding 1dB rise in the output level. For example, with a compression ratio of 3:1, an input signal 3dB louder than the threshold will cause a 1dB increase in the output level, and a signal 6dB louder than the threshold will cause a 2dB increase in the output level.
A ratio of 2:1 will sound relatively natural, whereas any ratio above approximately 10:1 will give the effect of the signal never getting any louder than the threshold. This is known as limiting.
Conventional compressors are known as hard-knee compressors: they do absolutely nothing until the threshold is reached, then all of a sudden they abruptly kick in and start affecting the volume of the signal. This can sound pretty unnatural, so a smoother technique was worked out, and implemented in the form of soft-knee compressors. These start everso slightly decreasing the volume when the signal is still lower than the threshold, building up until the threshold is finally reached and the user-defined ratio is fully in effect. Soft-knee compression is advisable when you don't want to draw attention to the fact that you're altering the sound, whereas hard-knee compression is recommended for really making a sound stand out in the mix.
It can sound much more natural for a compressor to be relatively slow to respond, so the attack and release dials are included to let you determine the time it takes for the compressor to notice that the threshold has been reached (the attack) and that the signal's safely below the threshold once more (release) and respond accordingly. The slower the attack and release settings are, the less obvious the compression is. However, a slow attack setting causes quick bursts of a loud signal — say percussion — to pass through the compressor unaffected, and a slow release setting will cause quiet sounds just after loud ones to be dragged down even further. It takes patience to learn to get the balance right, as what works well for one mix may cause problems in another.
Like with most other tools at your disposal, the only real way to learn how to effectively use a compressor is to practice using one.
As compressors just decrease the volume of the output, they usually have amplifiers in them which boost the signal. This gives the effect of the quiet sounds appearing to be louder rather than the loud sounds appearing to be quieter. Most compressors have a dial called gain or output, which simply controls how much the entire signal is boosted.
One last thing worth noting is the compressor's distant cousin, the gate. Gating means attenuating or completely muting out any signal below a certain threshold, as opposed to compression which severely limits the increase of any signal above a certain threshold. Gates were traditionally used to get rid of background noise and tape hiss during quiet parts of recordings, but can be used in other ways. For example, a snare with a lot of reverb which was then run through a gate was the staple of a lot of eighties pop music.
Effects are the finishing touches of a mix. While there are too many to list here, an example of what can be achieved with reverb and delay is given.
Whereas stereo panning adds a dimension to a mix, from left to right, adding a little reverb can make a sound seem more distant than the others, giving the track depth.
Another use of effects is to fatten sounds by making them seem to stretch across between two points in the sound field. To do this, use a very short delay and pan the original sound and the delayed sound to different positions.
Effects are really there for you to use creatively, however. Keep experimenting, and if something sounds good, don't worry about if it's the "right way" to do it. Go with what works for you. Find your own style. | http://bytenoise.co.uk/Mastering |
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1. Summary
This paper will address the notion of temporal convergence as one of the various levels of interaction between the acoustic instrument and the pre-recorded electronic material in mixed electro-acoustic works. The ideas developed here stem from my experience as a performer and are based on Denis Smalley’s concepts of interactive behaviour in acousmatic music as proposed in Spectromorphology: explaining sound-shapes (Smalley, 1997). A series of terminologies and classifications have emerged from the observation of different temporal convergences acting in a mixed electro-acoustic framework. Horizontal andvertical temporal convergences are presented as organizational forces in musical discourse that deserve consideration in the processes of composition and interpretation of mixed works. The systematic application of this approach in an interpretive context aims to contribute to the consolidation of a performance tradition of this repertoire. Additionally, it intends to offer new perspectives into the collaborative interactions between performers and composers. The musical examples mentioned here are available at www.iracemadeandrade.com
2. Introduction
According to Jerrold Levinson, the rendering of a musical composition goes beyond the sonic reproduction of the work’s constitutive elements. It represents the performer’s implicit decisions on the manner in which certain ways of playing may be more effective in achieving a better expressive projection of its contents and essential structure. The reconstruction of the musical text in a performative interpretation encompasses the performer’s understanding of the score and his/her choices in how to play its defining parameters of tempo, rhythm, dynamics, accent, and phrasing. The author defines that:
… a performance interpretation is just a considered way of playing a piece of music, involving highly specific determinations of all the defining features as given by the score and its associated conventions of reading. (Levinson, 1996:63).
In this scenario, it is possible to single out various aspects that make the difference between the interpretation of mixed electro-acoustic works and the interpretation of the traditional repertoire. The score not always provides the composition’s defining features nor the conventions of musical reading seem to be enough to build up an interpretive concept of a mixed work. The implementation of new sonic fields in electro-acoustic music has imposed a situation difficult to solve when referring to interpretive processes focussed on the analysis of the score. For the performer, decoding the available written information in order to formulate an interpretive concept is not enough, since there is no immediate relationship between the notation and the ultimate sonic result. In a mixed work, the constitutive sonic elements of the electro-acoustic part, its interactive behaviours and their relationship with the instrumental part, have become themselves another object of decoding and interpretation for the performer.
The analytical concepts acquired in the traditional practice of music may function as indicative models but will be insufficient for their application in this musical context. The problem of notation and the examination of its contents impose the need to explore new strategies for learning and performing works that combine acoustic instruments and electro-acoustic sounds. Under these circumstances, I consider that it would be appropriate that the performer’s creative process should be based on the aural analysis of the pre-recorded electro-acoustic material. In the mixed work, one part of the composer’s message is already sonically manifested through the pre-recorded sounds fixed in support. This material as well as the score should determine the performer’s interpretive process. This approach to mixed electro-acoustic repertoire requires a way of perceiving and understanding sound other than the parameters of the conventional instrumental practice.
3. Performing mixed works
The performance of mixed electro-acoustic works in fixed medium has raised practical issues as far as the temporal coordination is concerned. It’s worth pointing out that in despite of the fact that rhythm has ceased to act as a structuring element in the acousmatic musical discourse, many of the pieces belonging to the mixed electro-acoustic production have made use of different levels of temporal interactivity, including explicit rhythmical relationships based on pulse and meter in order to guarantee the integration between the instrument and the electro-acoustic part in fixed support. In the same way that in the mixed repertoire works that allow a high degree of freedom of temporal coordination are plentiful, works that demand rigid and punctual synchronicity levels can also be found.
Some musicians have considered this repertoire as being very restrictive due to the lack of temporal freedom concerning the coordination between the acoustic instrument and the electro-acoustic sounds. These opinions are based on the perception that the performer has to undergo a musical tempo that is alien to his/her own musical tempo apparently being warded the full responsibility to keep the control over the flow of time. This subordination while performing a piece with mixed electro-acoustic sounds in fixed medium becomes evident during those moments where absolute synchrony between instrument and pre-recorded sounds are demanded. In such instance it could be considered that the performer is at marked disadvantage since all imperfections concerning the control over the temporal coordination could be understood as mistakes or inaccuracies in his/her playing (McNutt, 2003).
Usually those points of view are used to privilege mixed electro-acoustic works that employ real-time sound processing since they are regarded as more flexible when we refer to temporal coordination levels. Flo Menezes makes the following note about this issue:
The decisive factor of the ‘rigidity’ or absence of ‘rigidity’ of musical time is not the physical medium, but rather the way in which the composer organizes his/her structural and expressive elements. (Menezes, 2002: 306).
As a recitalist I have been able to observe that it is possible to accomplish considerable levels of temporal freedom while performing mixed works in fixed medium without compromising accurate temporal coordination. This achievement depends on the performer’s sensitivity regarding the need to understand significant behavioural patterns and motion processes in order to establish connections between the instrumental and the electro-acoustic parts. Detecting interactive behaviours in the temporal dimension in mixed works acquires an outstanding role in the performer’s interpretive process, and consequently in determining the refinement and precision of his/her performance. In this context, the performer’s comprehension of the manner in which the composer organizes his/her materials is of the outmost relevance in conquering different degrees of freedom from the ‘temporal prison’ that the ‘tape’ part may represent. It’s worth mentioning that the use of the click track or stopwatch might be at first an appealing way out to solve the main problems in assembling the instrumental part with the pre-recorded sounds. More often than not, its use becomes an obstacle rather than a real solution: visual in the case of the stopwatch and aural in the case of the click track. Furthermore, from my perspective it reduces to an automated level the relationship between the instrumentalist and the pre-recorded material.
In the temporal unfolding of a mixed work, unavoidable cause-effect associative connections between the performer’s action and the electro-acoustic material come up. The awareness of these connections makes the identification of significant events in the musical discourse possible, facilitating the listeners’ apprehension of the piece. In this sense, Denis Smalley points out that:
We hardly need reminding that in an acousmatic music behavioural relationships are carried by spectromorphologies alone, and that in mixed work the perceived behavioural relationship between the visible, gesture-bearing performer and the surrounding acousmatic context will be crucial to the work’s understanding. (Smalley, 1997: 107).
The ability to identify the different behaviours of electro-acoustic sounds and the way in which they build a relationship with the instrumental part may prove to be an important tool for those interested on the practice of mixed music. It could be suggested that an adequate attentiveness by the performer of these behavioural relationships, their constituent elements and the associated connections of cause-effect among the sonic events in the structure of the musical discourse will be a fundamental element to successfully communicate the meaning of the mixed work.
This work intends to provide the performer with a system of identification for different types of coordinated impacts among electro-acoustic and instrumental spectromorphologies thus facilitating the processes of practising and learning the mixed repertoire in fixed medium. Recognising and understanding how interactive behavioural patterns operate in the temporal dimension may allow the performer to plan his/her interpretive strategies within some degree of temporal freedom at the same time accomplishing high levels of punctual precision in synchronization.
4. Interactive behaviour in the temporal dimension
Denis Smalley uses metaphorically the term behaviour to designate different relationships among spectromorphologies acting in an acousmatic framework. According to the author, behaviour encompasses two interactive temporal dimensions: vertical and horizontal respectively. The horizontal dimension refers to the motion passage (coordinated course between successive contexts); and the vertical dimension is concerned with motion coordination (simultaneity of events) (Smalley, 1997).
Whereas in acousmatic music these interactive behaviours are established solely amongst electro-acoustic spectromorphologies, in mixed works these relationships are stretched out to include also interactions with instrumental sounds. Through the aural analysis of the pre-recorded material and the experience of performing mixed works, I have been able to distinguish different types of interactive behavioural patterns between the instrument and the pre-recorded material in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. I have decided to employ the term temporal convergence to designate the directional motion towards points of expressive impact between two or more (either electro-acoustic or instrumental) spectromorphologies in the vertical and horizontal dimensions which generate meaningful events in the temporal continuum. These displacements and coordinated contacts are mainly concerned with triggering an onset on another spectromorphology thus impelling time forward or they can also alter the development of ongoing musical events. These points of sonic confluence or intersection can take place by collision, interpolation, crossing or superposition of instrumental and electro-acoustic spectromorphologies. In this sense, temporal convergences are classified according to the features of these impact coordinated points resulting from trajectories of spectromorphologies converging to a particular goal in a specific moment in musical time.
It is necessary to point out that temporal convergences alternate and are balanced at different organizational levels, coexisting simultaneously with other types of interactive behaviours in the context of a piece. However, for practical reasons they will be introduced separately as isolated categories operating in specific musical works. The terminology used for classifying temporal convergences has been drawn from extra-musical analogies derived from Euclidian Geometry as follows:
Figure 1. Temporal Convergences
5. Horizontal temporal convergence
The temporal relationships of horizontal quality are found in trajectories initiated by instrumental spectromorphologies that cause an immediate response in the electro-acoustic part and/or vice versa. This type of convergence tends toward the coordinated movement of sonic events of a linear quality. Thehorizontal consecutive convergence connects linear trajectories of spectromorphologies without a pulse sensation. An underlining beat is not perceived due to the lack or excess of internal details in the temporal distribution of sonic material in both parts. The levels of coordination are given through the coincidence between interventions spread over in a linear and synchronic way in the temporal unfolding of the work.
The horizontal consecutive convergence can be either flexible or rigid. The flexible type is characterized by a sonic trajectory initiated by an instrumental spectromorphology that triggers a movement of an electro-acoustic spectromorphology. This type of convergence implies a more malleable nature as for the accuracy in the temporal coordination. Its execution comes close to the concept of expressive time transformation, idiosyncratic in the instrumental practice and close related to the use of rubato. Success in the accomplishment of this type of coordination lies on the performer’s ability to distribute his/her intervention over the chronological time, so it is completed or reaches its climax in a coincidental way with the intervention of the electro-acoustic spectromorphology. (Audio 1).
The horizontal consecutive convergence of a rigid quality on the other hand, is initiated by an electro-acoustic spectromorphology and answered in an immediate way by an instrumental intervention. The demand of temporal precision in this category has a punctual nature and requires that the coordination of such events be met through the performer’s immediate reaction to the stimulus triggered by the electro-acoustic spectromorphology. (Audio 2).
The horizontal consecutive convergence may be presented in a concatenated way. This convergence is characterized by continuous lineal interactions of stimulus-response between the instrument and the electro-acoustic material generating a quasi counterpoint effect. This action creates a sense of forward movement between the different spectromorphologies of one passage or section. In this case the perception of pulse is non-existent due to the irregular grouping in the sonic sequences. It is the performer’s task to find an underlying rhythmic pattern that guarantees significant temporal coincidences between the concatenated horizontal events. (Audio 3).
The adjacent horizontal convergence coordinates two adjoining events with different structural functions. This temporal convergence acquires an important role as a connecting point that indicates the end and beginning of two different sections in a piece. Its function in the organization of the work’s temporal dimension can be apprehended in the global context of structure. (Audio 4).
6. Vertical temporal convergence
Vertical convergences operate in the sphere of simultaneous vertical impacts between instrumental and electro-acoustic spectromorphologies. They will act mainly in the kinetic domain, establishing an immediate gestural relationship between the interpreter and the pre-recorded material. Sometimes the vertical coincidence of events may also operate in a metrical context, articulating strict levels of temporal coordination between both parts. Concepts of rhythm and pulse acquire a relevant role in organizing behavioural patterns between the instrumental and electro-acoustic materials.
In the vertical convergence, simultaneity between the intervention of the instrumental and electro-acoustic spectromorphologies may acquire a punctualnature of a strict kind. (Audio 5). This type of convergence demands a high degree of precision between the instrument’s attack and the pre-recorded sounds, occasionally also coordinating silences between both parts. (Audio 6). Sometimes attacks of concurrent impact in the punctual vertical convergence may have a circumscribed quality. These attacks allow a certain degree of flexibility when the instrument’s intervention must be enclosed within the space of a given sonic object regardless of the coincidence with the on set of these events. (Audio 7).
In some pieces, simultaneity can be impregnated with a congruent rhythmic quality where events in both parts are interpolated over a clear steady beat imposed by the pre-recorded part. This prevents the existence of any kind of temporal fluctuation regarding the interpretation of the instrumental part. As a result, the performer is totally subject to the temporal coordination imposed by the electro-acoustic sounds. The precision in his/her playing will depend on the detection of clear cues that prepare simultaneous attacks. These cues may be thetic or anacrusic regarding a pre-established pulse. (Audio 8).
As in the horizontal convergence, the temporal vertical convergence can also be adjacent and function as landmark delimitating structural boundaries. (Audio 9).
7. Final considerations
The implementation of new sonic materials and structuring processes in electro-acoustic music has demanded the development of different interpretive strategies in the performance practice of mixed works in fixed medium. The performer of this repertoire will always be facing the challenge of controlling different levels of temporal coordination. Understanding the electro-acoustic material with which he/she has to interact, as well as the instrumental role in the electro-acoustic musical discourse, must be the goal to establish an interpretive mediation in the realm of synchronicity.
Identifying different behavioural relationships in the temporal dimension may prove to be a helpful tool in the interpretive process of works that combine instrumental live performance and pre-recorded materials. The proposed categorization of temporal convergences is intended to contribute to the consolidation of an interpretive tradition in this repertoire. This approach is not final since it is part of an ongoing researching project. It ultimately seeks to offer some insight on the subject of interactive behaviours in mixed works, since there has been little discussion on the matter from the performer’s perspective.
References
EMMERSON, Simon, Acoustic/Electroacoustic: The Relationship with Instruments, Journal of New Music Research, 1998, Vol. 27, No. 1-2.
___________, SMALLEY, Denis, Electro-acoustic Music, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Second Edition, Stanley Sadie, Ed, 2001.
LEVINSON, Jerrold. Performative versus Critical Interpretations in Music. The Pleasures of Aesthetics, Philosophical Essays, Cornell University Press, 1996.
MCNUTT, Elizabeth,Performing electroacoustic music: a wider view of interactivity,Organized Sound, 2003, Vol. 8, No. 3.
MENEZES, Flo, For Morphology of Interaction, Organized Sound, 2002, Vol. 7, No. 3.
SMALLEY, Denis, Spectromorphology and Structuring Process, en S. Emmerson (Ed.), The Language of Electroacoustic Music, Basingstoke, U.K.: The Macmillan Press, 1986.
___________, Spectromorphology: Explaining Sound Shapes. Organized Sound, 1997, Vol. 2, | https://ceiarteuntref.edu.ar/2009/06/ems09_-temporal-convergences-in-mixed-electro-acoustic-work/ |
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The intent of this article is to provide an introduction to some of the many biological mechanisms advantageously activated by sound and music, collectively categorized as "vibrational medicine." Since the development of quantum physics in the 20th century, discoveries in medical physics reveal the body as a complex interaction of biofields1 in which energy-information flows throughout the organism. At the cellular level, information is exchanged through electromagnetic signals, primarily in the far infrared spectrum, in addition to biochemical signals and sonic frequencies.2 At the atomic level, the biological complexities and flow of energetic information can be seen in terms of vibration. . Nobel Prize winner Max Planck said:
“As a man who has dedicated his whole life to the most lucid science, to the study of matter, I can say the following, as a result of my research on atoms: There is no such thing as matter. All matter originates only by virtue of a forceWhat makes an atom particle vibrate?and it holds together this tiny solar system of the atom.”3 It is in this context that vibrational medicine has its roots: considering the energetic (vibrational) interconnection of the mind-body system. Practitioners of holistic medicine, or functional medicine4 as it is often called, review all aspects of the patient, including her emotions. In this expanded medical model, since the body is composed of vibrational energy, a wide variety of vibrational and energetic modalities are available to support the patient's physiology, including sound and music. Some of the physiological mechanisms initiated by sound therapy and music medicine are achieved. immersing the whole body in specific sound frequencies, or in music, either recorded or live. Other mechanisms, neurologically initiated, can be achieved by listening to specific sounds or music through headphones. , create Far Infrared (FIR) light, due to the atomic physics of inelastic sonic collisions. The infrared light created by sound and music is the reason why sound intensity is measured in watts per square meter 5 and why this light is amplitude modulated.bytherefore, sound carries the FIR component of sound energy information nearly 4 cm into body tissues.6 Since intercellular communication occurs primarily in the far infrared spectrum, the physics of light-sound interactions infers that the Sound-modulated light is transmitted to cells in the midst of their own 'language'.2 Before exploring the biological mechanisms underlying Sound Therapy and Music Therapy, it will be useful to provide clear definitions of these modalities and the related field of Sound Therapy. Music therapy.
Definitions of music therapy, music medicine and sound therapy
terapia musicalit is an accepted form of complementary therapy in many hospitals and clinics and can be defined as:"The evidence-based and clinical use of music interventions to achieve individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a licensed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program."7Music therapy is a proven modality, but limited in the sense that each patient requires a music therapist to work with. There are a large number of books and scholarly articles available on the subject of music therapy, and therefore it is not the focus of this article.Music MedicineIt can be defined as:“Listening to music [for healing purposes] without the presence of a therapist.”8 Music Medicine is a relatively new clinical modality that refers to the therapeutic use of music, chosen by the patient in a clinical setting without the intervention of a therapist. As its title implies, music medicine focuses on the demonstrable benefits of music as a treatment for specific health conditions. The mechanisms by which music affects body systems are complex, and this article provides a brief introduction to this topic.therapy where i amIt is defined by the International Sound Therapy Association as:“The application of audible sound to the whole body or to a specific part of the body, from electronically generated sound sources, or from musical sources, as therapeutic support, by a professional licensed in Sound Therapy”.9This definition clarifies that audible therapeutic sound can be generated electronically or provided by a musical source. The biological mechanisms triggered by such sonic support will be discussed later in this article. while the molecular biologist and pianist Emiliano Toso played a grand piano in the operating room.
doctor Emiliano Toso playing the piano in an operating room, during live neurosurgery
Monitoring of the child's brain activity via an encephalogram suggests that the child noticed the music. Doctor Toso said: "We tried stopping and restarting the music, watching the patient's response. Even though the boy was under full anesthesia, his brain seemed to perceive the music and that was very exciting." Doctor Trignani, head of the Riuniti Hospital's neurosurgery unit, commented: "Everything went well, there were no complications and there was a magical atmosphere of total harmony in the operating room." 10It is admirable and noble that musicians contribute their time and talent to play in hospitals. The harp, in particular, has a long history of use in clinical settings and nursing homes and will likely always form an important aspect of patient care. However, several commercial manufacturers have developed sound-based therapies that can help patients recover from illness and offer greater flexibility and comfort in clinical settings than live music.A brief description of some of the biological mechanisms activated by immersing the whole body in music or specific sound frequencies(Detailed explanations are provided later in this article.)
Total body immersion in music or specific sound frequencies (rather than listening through headphones) activates several beneficial biological mechanisms, four of which are briefly summarized below: • Increases nitric oxide (NO) production through the active and passive acoustic stimulation of the sinus cavities and lungs by specific sound frequencies and music, resulting in a wide range of health benefits. • Promotes pain mediation through stimulation of the body's large A-beta fibers or A-alpha fibers in the area experiencing pain, causing the pain gate to open. close.• Increases the availability of oxygen that binds to hemoglobin molecules through low frequency sound pressure, thus breaking the pain-spasm-pain cycle or 'immobilization cycle', increasing oxygen availability to affected tissues.• Activates the meridian system, through 'sound acupuncture', with many health benefits, including pain mediation and anxiety mediation. Listening to music or listening to specific sound frequency uences activates various biological mechanisms , four of which are briefly summarized below: (Detailed explanations are provided later in this article.) pain modulation. Such effects may be initiated by music (or white noise) as a result of endogenous opioid activation. • Promotes stress reduction with the consequent reduction in blood pressure and cortisol levels, and induces a state of happiness with the consequent increase in dopamine levels, which leads to a proliferation of leukocytes, thus increasing the effectiveness of the immune system.
• Stimulates the brain binaurally, through binaural beats, to create changes in the state of the brain with physiological benefits. • The vagus nerve is stimulated, regulating internal organ functions, including digestion, heart rate, and respiration, as well as promoting vasomotor activity and anti-inflammatory effects. Specific very low (subaudible) frequencies can also be applied with full headphones, combined with music. Each of these biological mechanisms will be discussed separately.
Active and passive sonic stimulation of the sinus cavities and lungs
Before discussing the method of sonic stimulation of the nasal cavities and lungs, it is important to highlight some of the natural health benefits of nitric oxide (NO).,It occurs naturally in many areas of the body, including the cilia in the sinus cavities and the alveoli in the lungs. NO reduces blood pressure by vasodilation11 and many other health benefits derive from this important molecule, for example:promote wound healing through cell proliferation and angiogenesis,12mediation of edema and inflammation of the skin,cytotoxic action against pathogens,13increases cerebral blood flow and oxygenation of the brain,14inhibits platelet aggregation within blood vessels, helping to prevent thrombotic events,15 supports reduction of pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive airway disease.sixteen
Nitric oxide relaxes smooth muscle cells in the walls of blood vessels, leading to vasodilation (Courtesy of NIOX)
NO can be produced in the body from inorganic nitrates in fruits and green leafy vegetables, particularly by the oral microbiome 17 and is also stimulated by exercise, 18 which can be part of a rehabilitation program, but the initial approach in this section is NO production in sinus cavities elicited by active and passive sonic stimulation. 'Active' stimulation refers to the practice of humming, which has been shown to greatly increase NO production.19,20 The movement of air across the cilia in the sinus generates NO, from which many benefits are derived for health, although the exact mechanisms by which NO is produced by the cilia are not fully understood.21 The practice of nasal breathing is well known in the yogic practice of pranayama, which means 'breath control' in Sanskrit. , a practice that is mentioned in the Bhagavad Gita, written sometime between 400 B.C. 200 BCE.22 In an article titled,Assessment of nasal and sinus nitric oxide production by humming a single breath,23 the authors show that NO increases significantly with a single expiration while humming, as shown in the graphic.
Original trace of nitric oxide during a single-breath nasal expiration with (dotted line) and without (solid line) tinnitus
The authors of this study also performed experiments to determine optimal tinnitus frequencies and concluded that a measured frequency of 130 Hz created the largest NO output from the sinus cavity in a human subject. The study does not specify whether the
the human subject was male or female, but in both cases the result is surprising when remembering that the sinuses consist of relatively small cavities, presenting Helmholtz resonance frequencies in the range of 1 kHz to 2 kHz,24 depending on sex and age of maturity. The resonant frequencies refer to the ancient Egyptian use of the sistra instrument, the metal disc rattle, mentioned in the author's Sound Therapy 101 article. At the Opet Festival, the sistra was used to stimulate the nostrils:'Make the sistra present in your nostril so that it can give you a rejuvenating breath...'25 a statement suggesting that the ancient Egyptians knew that the sistra emitted a specific quality of sound that had a rejuvenating effect on the nasal cavities. The skulls and nasal cavities of adult females are usually smaller than those of adult males.;Smaller sinus cavities support higher resonant frequencies. It should also be remembered that tinnitus does not generate a single frequency, but rather gives rise to a series of harmonics and that the main resonance mode of the sinus cavities is automatically 'selected' during vocal tinnitus as a natural aspect of the Helmholtz resonance. (the resonant resonance). property of a gas-filled cavity). Therefore, although the fundamental hum frequency of maximum excitation was 130 Hz, (in the studyAssessment of nasal and sinus nitric oxide production by humming a single breath) the nasal cavities would surely have been excited by a specific harmonic of that frequency. Nitric oxide is also generated by the alveoli of the lungs26 and can be stimulated by active and passive sonic stimulation; actively by humming or singing, and passively by externally applied sonic frequencies or music. Guidance on the optimal frequencies for passive stimulation can be obtained from studies in which the respiratory system was modeled in terms of its resonant sound characteristics.27,28 In the University of Illinois study27, it is shown that the resonant frequency of Helmholtz of a healthy volunteer is of the order of 100 Hz, rising to about 250 Hz for a person with pulmonary fibrosis. These frequencies vary between individuals due to gender and lung capacity based on the genetic makeup of the patient. Likewise, the Helmholtz resonance frequencies of the sinus cavities vary between individuals.
It is not necessary to identify the precise resonant frequencies of the patient's lungs or sinus cavities to deliver a therapeutic intervention if the professional plays live or recorded music for the patient at a moderate to high sound level of 70 to 85 dBA. (It should be noted that live music contains much more high-frequency harmonics, effective for sinus stimulation.) A patient's sinus cavities or lungs will automatically choose the specific frequency at which the cavity naturally resonates, and this applies (for example) to musical instruments in situ, such as pianos, harps, gongs, singing bowls, crystal bowls and all the music recorded through hi-fi sound equipment.
Helmholtz resonancef = resonant frequency of the cavity, c = speed of sound in air, S = aperture area, V = volume of air in the cavity, L = tube length
In addition to stimulating nitric oxide production, acoustic stimulation of the sinus cavities and lungs can also help clear mucus and improve symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis.29
Mediation of chronic pain by audible sonic stimulation of nociceptors
Pain is a vital function of the body, providing an early warning of harm or potential harm. It is a sensory and emotional experience, affected by psychological factors such as past experiences, beliefs about pain, fear, or anxiety.30 Tissue injury, for example, initiates the release of various inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins, cytokines, and chemokines. Leukocyte migration to the injured area, a feature of the inflammatory response, is associated with pain and tenderness and is involved in wound healing. is not within the scope of this article. Chronic pain is a common, complex, and distressing problem that has a significant impact on individuals and society.32 Chronic pain, like most illnesses, generally arises from a series or combination of several events.32 Biological processes Leading to the chronic pain state further increases sensitivity to painful stimuli and perceived levels of stress, further modifying pain-related gene expression, creating a pathological pain cycle. ), there are still a number of factors that affect the duration, intensity, and effects (physical, psychological, social, and emotional) of chronic pain.32 The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as 'A sensory and emotional experience unpleasant associated or similar to that associated with actual or potential harm'34 and chronic pain is 'pain that persists beyond the normal healing time'.35 Pain is considered chronic when it lasts for more than three to six months.36 Bearing in mind that pain is a universal experience, it is not understood why only a relatively small proportion of humans develop a chronic pain syndrome.37 Prolonged use of analgesics, like opioid use, is associated with constipation, sleep-disordered breathing, dysregulation hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, fractures (as a result of osteoporosis), and a significant decrease in health-related quality of life and increased costs care.38 Therefore, it would be advantageous to alleviate chronic pain without the prolonged use of analgesics. Unlike the long-term use of pain relievers, audible sonic interventions have no known adverse side effects.
Conduction of the nerve signal by sound.
In order to establish a basis for discussion of the principles of pain mediation by sound, it is important to mention the findings on the transmission of nerve signals by sound. In 1952, Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley, working with the giant axons of a squid, described how action potentials (or nerve impulses) are initiated and propagated in neurons, now known as the Hodgkin-Huxley model. 39 It is considered one of the great achievements of biophysics of the 20th century, for which they received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1963. The flow of electrical currents in the nerves has become the standard teaching model in textbooks of medicine and biology. However, one aspect that intrigued the researchers was the relatively slow conduction velocities in nerves, compared to the conduction velocities of electrical currents in conductors. The speed of light in a vacuum is 2.998 × 108 meters per second, which is roughly equivalent to a distance of 30 cm per nanosecond. The speed of an electrical signal on a coaxial cable is about 2/3 of that, or 20 cm per nanosecond, so in one second the signal on a coaxial conductor will travel about 200,000,000 meters, which is a little more than the half the distance between Earth and the moon. Nerve fibers, by comparison, conduct signals several orders of magnitude slower than coaxial cables. The highest conduction velocities of nerve fibers are those of muscle axons, which can reach speeds of over 100 meters per second.
The main classifications of afferent nerve fibers and their conduction velocities, which are very slow compared to electrical currents in coaxial cables.
However, in 2005, researchers from the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen proposed a new model of nerve conduction, whose experiments showed that nerves conduct sound (soliton impulses), which in turn generate electrical pulses, due to the piezoelectric effect. . 40 In their article, they state that “…the measured propagation velocities, which are ~100 m/s in myelinated nerves, find a satisfactory explanation”. In other words, the propagation of nerve impulses by sound accounts for the slow conduction velocities, while these sonic impulses give rise to electrical impulses that travel to the brain for interpretation. This finding has significant implications for sound therapy and music medicine, particularly for whole-body immersion in music and specific sound frequencies.
Principles of pain mediation by sound
Nociceptors are the specialized sensory receptors responsible for detecting harmful (unpleasant) stimuli, transforming the stimuli into electrical signals, which are then conducted to the central nervous system.30 They are the free nerve endings of the primary afferent fibers and are distributed along body tissues, including skin, viscera, muscles, joints, and the meninges of the brain (but not the gray matter of the brain). The four main classifications of afferent fibers have specialized functions, for example, response to light, touch, or acute events, or response to chemical or thermal stimuli, but crucially all types of afferent nerve fibers respond to mechanical pressure. And since sound can be defined as: “Mechanical radiant energy that is transmitted by longitudinal pressure waves in a material…”41 it is clear that all types of afferent fibers respond to sound. This fact is reinforced by the discovery by the Niels Bohr Institute that nerves conduct sound as soliton pulses. When nociceptors are stimulated, nerve impulses are transmitted to three systems in the spinal cord: substantia gelatinosa cells in the dorsal horn; fibers from the dorsal column that project to the brain; and the first central transmission (T) cells in the dorsal horn.77
Cross section through the spine showing the dorsal root ganglion (Graphic: Emri Terim)
The theory by which sound frequencies can mediate pain is based on the 'Pain Control Theory', first proposed in 1965 by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall.42 The theory was initially met with skepticism, but despite After having undergone several modifications, its basic design is maintained. unchanged. His theory provides a neurophysiological explanation for pain perception and ultimately revolutionized pain research. The gate control theory proposes that there are gates between the afferent nerves and the brain, located in the spinal column, that control how pain messages flow from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system. Delta afferent fibers (detecting sharp pain) and small C-type afferent fibers (detecting dull pain) open the gate, resulting in pain perception in the brain. Stimulating large A-beta fibers or A-alpha fibers in the area that feels pain causes a reaction in nearby inhibitory neurons. Once activated, the inhibitory neurons, which are in the same pathway as the projection neurons, the gate closes, silencing pain signals before they reach the brain. Stimulation of A-beta fibers or A-alpha fibers can be achieved by specific sound frequencies, as mentioned below.
The Melzack-Wall gate control system (from Melzack and Wall) L = large diameter nerve fibers, S = small diameter nerve fibers. The fibers project to the substantia gelatinosa (SG) and to the first central transmitting cells (T). Activity in large fibers inhibits signals from small fibers. (Drawing by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall:Mechanisms of pain: a new theory.)
Some of the optimal frequencies considered beneficial for mediating pain through nociceptor stimulation were discovered in Finland by clinical psychologist Petri Lehikoinen, in the range of 27 Hz to 113 Hz. Lehikoinen developed a therapeutic system: Physio Acoustic Sound Therapy (PAS), which has been approved in the US by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) and in the UK by the British Standards Institute (BSI) for three claims: decreased pain, increased blood. lymphatic circulation and greater relaxation and muscle mobility43. In Norway, Olav Skille has placed special emphasis on specific therapeutic frequencies of 40 Hz, 52 Hz, 68 Hz and 86 Hz43.
neurogenic pain
Pain that is not a consequence of nociception, categorized as “neurogenic” pain, can also occur as a result of arrhythmias or disconnections of the neural circuitry. However, neurogenic pain has been found to be mediated by vibratory analgesia as a result of cortical dynamics44. For example, in a study with fibromyalgia patients, positive effects were obtained due to oscillatory coherence, with vibrotactile stimulation of the body at 40 Hz. Four. Five
Downward inhibition of pain by music and white noise
A second pain-mediation mechanism, sometimes referred to as "top-down" pain modulation 46 but more accurately described as the "descending inhibitory system" 47 or "descending analgesia system" 48, can be activated by music that creates a strong emotional response. These emotions elicited by music can be described as “shudders.”49 Music offers a host of benefits without negative side effects and is therefore a favorable option for those seeking alternative pain management therapies.47 The origin of this second mediation of the pain mechanism. arose from an initial study by Dr. Henry K. Beecher, titledPain in men wounded in battlein which he observes: "Three quarters of seriously injured men, even if they have not received morphine for a few hours, feel so little pain that they do not need painkillers... Strong emotions can block pain." fifty
Ascending and descending pathways of pain (courtesy of walterskluwer.com)
Descending inhibition refers to tracts originating in the brainstem and terminating in the spinal cord to suppress sensory transmission and thereby produce analgesia.47 Music-induced analgesia is believed to occur as a result of the release of opioids during music listening,48,49 thus involving the descending analgesia system that creates antinociceptive responses in the spinal cord. The descending inhibitory pathways use endogenous opioids, hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and norepinephrine, and their effects are mediated by supraspinal, midbrain, and brainstem circuits.51 A large number of brainstem structures suppress pain through projections that They descend to the dorsal horn of the brainstem. vertebral column and, in most cases, its descending pain suppressive effect is transmitted via the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). .47
Breaking the "pain-spasm-pain" cycle in spinal cord injury, through sound
The first suggestion of a pain-spasm-pain cycle is generally attributed to Janet Travell, who wrote in 1942: “If muscle spasm causes pain, and pain reflects muscle spasm, a self-perpetuating cycle may be established. ..”52 Today, it is well known that spinal injuries often create muscle spasms to “fix” the injury site, providing protection while the healing process takes place. In a round table among four doctors titled,Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain due to paraspinal muscle spasm: a medical roundtable, not published Journal of Pain Medicine, Dr. McCarberg states: “From an initial injury, the patient develops pain. Motor neurons fire as a reflex to immobilize this area causing muscle spasms. Muscle spasm clearly causes pain, but the exact cause of the pain is poorly understood. Regardless, this pain will cause more muscle spasms…Hopefully, if this cycle is stopped, it won't result in a chronic problem.” 53 Trauma caused by a spinal cord or other injury causes pain, which leads to muscle tension. A cascade of effects then ensues in which muscle tension decreases blood flow, which (hypothetically) leads to hypoxia and more pain in the affected muscles. The spasm then intensifies, causing the hypoxia to intensify and the pain to intensify, causing much more pain than the injury.
Pain > Muscle tension > Decreased blood flow > Hypoxia and pain > Intensified spasm > Intensified hypoxia > Intensified pain
Decreased blood circulation is believed to be a direct result of intramuscular blood vessel compression, a concept supported by the fact that blood supply to a muscle is known to decrease during voluntary contraction and pain afterward. from muscular exercise is very similar to pain induced by experimentally reducing the blood supply to a muscle.54
Pain relief and anxiety relief using acupressure and sonopuncture
Acupressure is an alternative medicine methodology that originated in ancient China; incorporating the effects of treatment by stimulating acupuncture points by strong pressure.55 The World Health Authority, in its 1991 Report on the International Nomenclature of Acupuncture, lists 14 main meridians and 361 classical acupuncture points, plus 8 additional meridians and 48 acupuncture points.56 These same classic acupuncture points, which can be activated by strong local pressure, can also be activated by sound, as sound (as mentioned above) can be defined as: “Energy mechanical radiant transmitted by longitudinal pressure waves on a material. .”41 This is the basis of 'sonopuncture', a therapeutic modality that is a type of acupressure. efforts. Clinical trials have shown that health professionals can effectively perform acupressure as an adjunctive therapy in general practice for pain relief.57 The authors also concluded that their systematic review article begins to establish an evidence base. evidence for the use of acupressure in pain relief and that a reliable and valid evaluation evidence base is crucial for clinicians. In terms of implications for nursing education, practice, and research, the review provides important evidence that acupressure uses a non-invasive, timely, and effective manner to support its efficacy in relieving a variety of pain conditions.57D. Carey, a licensed acupuncturist, developed a therapeutic method using frequency-specific tuning forks to activate acupuncture points while clinical director of the Northwest Institute of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine in 1995. The intent was to seek a non-invasive therapy that could be taught to students and used in clinics with critically ill patient populations, including those suffering from HIV/AIDS, chronic pain, and trauma. fits many clinical specialties and can support patients seeking traditional Western medicine therapies.59
Sound puncture, self- or physician-applied, using tuning forks, courtesy of (Courtesy of Dr. E. Franklin)
Licensed acupuncturist, M.E. Wakefield, L.Ac., awarded "Educator of the Year" by the American Oriental Medicine Association in 2005, is co-author of VBracional acupuncture: integration of tuning forks with needles.com Michel Angelo, M.F.A., vibrational medicine consultant. His book uniquely explores the synergy of tuning forks and acupuncture. For the measurement of pain, by sonopuncture, the authors recommend the application of a 136.1 Hz tuning fork at specific acupuncture points. While sonic activation of acupressure points generally supports multiple interconnected body systems, the following examples focus primarily on pain mediation:
Lu-7 Lieque, 'Broken Sequence' relieves headaches, sore throat, migraine, toothache, wrist pain.
SI-3 Houxi, 'Back Stream' relieves neck pain, acute lumbar sprain, shoulder and elbow pain.
UB-62 Shen Mai, 'Extended Vessel' relieves headache, back pain, leg pain, insomnia.
TH-5 Waiguan, 'Outer Pass' relieves headache, facial pain, finger pain, hand tremors.
Bl-58 Feiyang'Taking Flight' mediates sciatica pain, relieves headache and back pain.
Another important therapeutic use of tuning forks was discovered by E.D. McKusick, MA, author of the book,Tuning the human biofield.61 Energy information is constantly radiated from the body in the form of biofields, as mentioned in the first part of this article. Biofields include biophoton energy, for example, modulated infrared electromagnetism that is a natural consequence of cellular metabolic processes, as well as modulations in electromagnetic fields emitted by the heart, brain, and other organs. Quoting the foreword by Dr. Karl H. Maret, who practices Complementary and Alternative Medicine, “when a holographic sound field, such as that produced by a tuning fork, containing complex data structures of pure frequencies with varying phase relationships, interacts with In a person's biofield, cellular memories of various tissues can be awakened, potentially leading to a healing response. The quantum theory of physical fields predicts the occurrence of a series of coherent dynamic phenomena in liquid water within cells and tissues that can be stimulated by sound. This process affects the free electron clouds that exist in these coherent water domains, [thus modifying] cellular processes through their interaction with the hydration shells surrounding cell membrane receptors." The biofield adjustment method has been shown to consistently reduce anxiety and relieve pain.62
A therapeutic biofield tuning session in progress (Courtesy of E.D. McKusic)
Electronic device delivered sleep puncture pain relief
Although sonopuncture is generally applied using tuning forks, devices that emit low-frequency vibrations can also achieve sonic activation of acupressure points63 in addition to devices that emit ultrasound.64 Acupressure points on the soles of the feet can also Stimulate the meridian system by applying frequencies. sound.65 Dr. M. Cromwell developed a therapeutic device that uses a vibratory tactile transducer, which emits a range of audible sound frequencies into gel-filled acoustic pads on which the soles of the feet rest, thus stimulating the meridian system . Together with his assistant, Kate Holland, CCP, they conducted a six-week pain research study in 2016 with three subjects, a 30-year-old woman, a 38-year-old man, and a 68-year-old man. 66
Sound puncture delivered via vibrotactile transducer and gel-filled acoustic pads (Courtesy of Dr. M. Cromwell)
In summary, for this section on Acupressure/Sound Needling, there is significant potential for pain reduction, as well as support for a variety of other chronic conditions, including depression, PTSD, insomnia, and others.
Musical stimulation of the immune system (via headphones or full body immersion)
Any form of illness can cause emotional distress, and emotions can play an important role in a patient's recovery from illness or surgical procedure. Stress and fear cause the adrenal glands to release cortisol 67 , which helps prepare the body for "fight or flight" by providing additional glucose, tapping into protein stores through gluconeogenesis in the liver.68 However, cortisol also suppresses the immune system69 and other bodily functions. function systems considered by nature to be 'non-essential' in the short term, making the patient more vulnerable to contracting pathogens. While pharmaceutical sedatives are routinely prescribed to relieve a patient's stress and fear, music can produce a similar result without medication. Music, when played live for patients, provides full body immersion in a myriad of sound frequencies that have physiological and psychological effects.benefits Listening to music with headphones has a direct effect on the vagus nerve, as described below.Music can evoke happy memories of moments, places, or life events that can quickly turn a patient's mood into one of joy, a state in which the brain and enteric nervous system in the digestive tract produce dopamine, It stimulates the immune system. .70, 71 Parallel to the increase in dopamine, the patient's favorite music causes a reduction in cortisol levels.72 Joy also causes the pituitary gland in the brain to release beta-endorphins into the bloodstream, which produce analgesia by binding to mu opioid receptors that are present in all peripheral nerves. Mu opioid receptors have been identified inthe central terminals of primary afferent neurons, peripheral sensory nerve fibers, and dorsal root ganglia.73 The pituitary gland also stores the neuropeptide, oxytocin, colloquially known as the "love hormone." Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus and transported to large, dense-core vesicles in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland,74 where it is released into the bloodstream in response during sexual activity and orgasm, as well as during childbirth. In a broader context, there seems to be a general consensus among studies that listening to music improves oxytocin synthesis75 and postoperative patients who listened to music through headphones demonstrated an increase in serum oxytocin and reported higher levels of relaxation, in comparison with a control group without music. 76 Oxytocin and its receptors appear to occupy the leading position among the candidates for the 'happiness' substance,77 and in a study focusing on autistic children, significantly lower levels of oxytocin were found in their blood plasma, suggesting a ray of hope in finding a role for oxytocin in the treatment of autism,77 that is, in both cases (evoking happiness and supporting autism treatment) there is an obvious link in the form of music, whether applied through headphones or full body immersion. and the immune system was reported in a 2019 study conducted by Univers Edad de Augusta, United States. The researchers found that when the mice were subjected to low-frequency sound vibrations, macrophages in their bloodstreams proliferated significantly.78 This effect has not yet been demonstrated in humans, however it seems likely that human blood responds in a similar way. to that of murine blood. The possible mechanism that enhances the proliferation of macrophages in blood immersed in low frequency sound is an increase inpagO2 level. It is important to mention that this aspect of the connection between music and the immune system would only occur during full body immersion, as the entire circulatory system would require stimulation by low sonic frequencies.
Binaural Beats (via headphones) to create brain state changes with physiological benefits
Binaural beats were accidentally discovered in 1839 by the Prussian scientist Heinrich Wilhelm Dove, during experiments with two tuning forks of different frequencies. He has been called "The Father of Meteorology" 79 for his work in this field; however, until 1915 his discovery of binaural beats was considered a trivial special case of monaural beats.80 Monaural beats occur when two sounds of slightly different frequencies are produced simultaneously. , resulting in a pulsating effect caused by the mixing of the two sounds, which strengthen when their phases align, and decrease when their phases oppose. But during headphone listening, when two slightly different frequencies are experienced, the composite frequency difference is known as the binaural beat and provides a mechanism to stimulate the auditory system at very low frequencies, below the frequency range of hearing.81 Listening to binaural beats produces the illusion that the sounds are located somewhere inside your head. The lower auditory centers of the brain are in the medulla oblongata, and impulses from the right and left ears first meet in the left or right superior olivary nucleus. These structures are part of the olive, an organ that, according to this view, is located behind the brain stem. Binaural beats are likely to be detected here.80 The difference in frequency between the sounds presented to the left and right ears drives the brain rhythms to that frequency.
Representation of binaural beats (Courtesy of Hemi-Sync®hemi-sync.com)
In a carefully designed, double-blind, crossover study of binaural beats titled:Binaural earbeats affect alertness, performance, and mood. Physiology and Behavior, 29 volunteers were tested. The recordings used in the study contained a pink noise background sound and a carrier tone, within which a different drag frequency was incorporated between the left and right channels. (The purpose of the pink noise was to mask the sound of the carrier tone.) The participants were blinded to the true purpose of the study and were unaware of the presence of binaural beats in the headphones. The results of the study provided evidence that the presentation of simple binaural auditory stimuli during a 30-min vigilance task can affect both task performance and task-associated mood changes. Effects on behavior and mood were seen in the absence of participant expectations, and the experimental control ruled out placebo effects. The authors concluded that simple auditory stimulation with binaural beats can influence psychomotor and affective processes, even when people are unaware that such cues are being presented, and that this technology may have applications for attention control and awareness. excitement and for the improvement of human health. performance. 81 In another double-blind crossover study titled:Pain reduction and analgesic use after acoustic binaural beats therapy in chronic pain: a double-blind randomized crossover control study, the authors concluded that binaural beats of theta rhythm reduced pain intensity, Stress and analgesic use, compared with sham stimulation, in patients with chronic pain. Another conclusion was that the subsequent significant reduction in the consumption of analgesic medications in the daily life of patients with chronic pain could offer a valuable tool, increasing the effect of existing pain therapies.82 Robert Monroe of the Monroe Institute created a system of binaural beats in which a combination of audio binaural beats mixed with music, pink noise and/or the natural sound of ocean waves is heard which has been called the 'Hemi-Sync' process. Studies with this system have shown improvements in sensory integration,83 relaxation, meditation, stress reduction, sleep and pain management,84 enriched learning environments, and improved memory.85
Sonic stimulation of the vagus nerve (through headphones) and by vocalizations
The vagus nerve represents the major component of the parasympathetic nervous system, which oversees a wide range of crucial bodily functions, including mood control, immune response, digestion, and heart rate, and carries a wide range of system signals. digestive and organs, and vice versa. . versa.86 Leaving the jugular foramen, an atrial branch is detached, providing innervation to the auditory canal and external ear. This is the only branch of the vagus nerve that reaches the head. As the vagus nerve travels down the neck through the medulla oblongata, branches branch to the pharynx and larynx before continuing to the thorax, where it connects to the heart and other major organs. The laryngeal and auricular connections are of special interest in the context of sound therapy and music medicine, which are discussed later in this section, after an overview of the vagus nerve and the methods of its therapeutic stimulation.
Vagus Nerve Branches and Functional Anatomy of the Inflammatory Reflex (Adapted with permission, Pavlov and Tracey 87)
Schematic description:
Activated macrophages and other immune cells release inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, after immune challenge. These mediators are detected by sensory components of the afferent arm of the inflammatory reflex. Neural interconnections between NTS, AP, DMN, NA, and upper forebrain regions integrate vagus (red) and efferent (blue) afferent output, thereby regulating immune activation, suppressing proinflammatory cytokines86, and reducing inflammation. Vagus efferent output can be supported by atrial and laryngeal input. The bidirectional communication between the brain and the GI tract, sometimes referred to as the "brain-gut axis," is a complex system that includes the vagus nerve and is becoming increasingly important as a therapeutic target for gastrointestinal and psychiatric disorders such as intestinal inflammation. . illness, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder.86 The gut is an important control center for the immune system, and the vagus nerve has immunomodulatory properties. As a result, this nerve plays an important role in the relationship between the gut, the brain, and inflammation.86
There is a hardwired connection between the nervous system and the immune system as an anti-inflammatory mechanism. Counterregulatory mechanisms, such as immunologically competent cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines, normally limit the acute inflammatory response and prevent the spread of inflammatory mediators in the bloodstream. The dorsal vagal complex responds to increased amounts of circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) by altering motor activity in the vagus nerve,86 therefore vagus nerve stimulation may help restore cytokine balance, which leads to a reduction in chronic inflammation. The vagus nerve is an important component of the neuroendocrine-immune axis that is involved in coordinated neural, behavioral, and endocrine responses that provide an important first-line innate defense against infection and inflammation and help restore homeostasis in the body.88 Diseases Inflammatory disorders in which tumor necrosis factor (TNFa) is a key cytokine are good candidates for treatment directed at the cholinergic anti-inflammatory (CAP) pathway.88 In essence, the inflammatory reflex is a physiological mechanism through which the vagus nerve regulates immune function and inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines,87 thereby preventing excessive inflammation by alerting the brain to the presence of cytokines, which triggers the release of anti-inflammatory molecules that reduce inflammation and maintain a healthy balance.89 One of the potential important for vagus nerve stimulation is related to its role in the cancer prognosis. In a review article titled,The role of the vagus nerve in cancer prognosis: a comprehensive systematic review,the authors emphasize that cancer continues to be the second leading cause of death in the world, with prostate cancer being the most prevalent type of cancer in men and breast cancer in women. Cancer is a complex condition because it includes several hundred different types and because it involves and is affected by many systems in the body. Studies have shown that three basic biological factors contribute to the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis: (1) oxidative stress, which leads to DNA damage, (2) inflammation, which helps evade apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis, and (3) excessive sympathetic activity, which affects where cancer cells will metastasize. A factor common to these three factors, which inhibits all three and influences cancer prognosis, is vagus nerve stimulation because it reduces oxidative stress, informs the brain about inflammation and profoundly inhibits inflammation and inhibits sympathetic activity, since which is an important branch of the parasympathetic nervous system.90 Another important aspect of vagus nerve stimulation, and one that concerns us all, is the speed with which we age. In a study titled,Effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in subjects older than 55 years: potential benefits of daily stimulation, the authors point out that [the rate of] aging is associated with attenuated autonomic function. One segment of his study involved self-administered transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve (tVNS) to 20 women and 9 men once daily for two weeks. Measurements included heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. Frequency-domain, time-domain, and nonlinear heart rate variability and baroreflex were obtained in the last five minutes of each recording. In addition, participants completed the SF-36 Profile of Mood States questionnaire at the beginning of each session. The authors reported improvements in participants' vagal tone and autonomic tone, noting that their study provides "new and timely data showing that daily tVNS may have profound autonomic benefits in older people.>55 years.” They concluded that “For the first time, we have shown that age-related autonomic changes, quality of life, mood, and sleep can be improved by daily administration of tVNS for two weeks.”91 Other interesting and potentially crucial aspect of vagus nerve activity concerns the link with heart rate variability (HRV), the variability of heart rate intervals between beats that is strongly correlated with vagus nerve activity and cardiac autonomic regulation .
HRV power spectral density is usually expressed in milliseconds squared (ms2), plotted against frequency (courtesy of EliteHRV.com)
The power spectral density (PSD) of high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV is heart rate activity in the range 0.15 to 0.40 Hz) is strongly associated with cardiovagal activity. 92 (For comparison, low-frequency (LF) cardiac activity is in the range of 0.04 to 0.15 Hz.) The LF and HF frequency bands are widely used to quantify sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation.92 The vagus nerve plays an important homeostatic role, indicated by people with high HRV who have shown better rates of recovery from physiological stress on the cardiac, hormonal and immunological. systems, compared to those with lower HRV. In twelve studies investigating the association between vagal tone activity and prognosis prediction in cancer, including 1822 patients, the emerging evidence was consistent in demonstrating a prognostic role for vagal activity and a significant correlation between time to survival and high-frequency heart rate variability. . Using the HF-HRV vagus nerve index, when data from a cohort of women with metastatic and recurrent breast cancer were analyzed, it was found that in a sample of 87 women, a higher HF-HRV significantly predicted long-term survival. term. It was also found that the predictive validity of the HF-HRV was improved by dividing it by the patients' heart rate, thus reflecting a more vagal/sympathetic relationship. The review study authors urge serious consideration of adding HRV to clinical estimation of prognosis in oncology. improve vagal tone with many potential health benefits. The vagus nerve can also be stimulated by acupuncture, by experienced and licensed acupuncturists. Electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was first studied in the 1930s and 1940s with animals, setting the stage for human studies. After successful clinical trials, the FDA approved the use of an implanted electrical vagus nerve stimulator for the treatment of certain types of epilepsy in 1997. The procedure involves implanting electrodes near the vagus nerve in the neck, along with a controller and a battery implanted in the chest. The FDA later also approved the same mode of treatment for use in drug-resistant chronic depression.89
The transcutaneous (through the skin) vagus nerve (tVNS) is currently emerging as an alternative and aims to deliver electrical stimulation to the vagus nerve without the need for implant surgery, thus avoiding the associated risks. Stimulation is typically delivered via the auricular branch of the vagus nerve through the tragus of the auricle. The European Union certified tVNS as an alternative treatment for epilepsy and pain in 2010 and 2012, respectively.89
The pinna, showing the location of the tragus where the vagus nerve ends (Courtesy of Tori Lewis Fibonacci Web Studio)
As far back as 2001, researchers demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve through the tragus, using a form of electroacupuncture, reduced the dependence of patients with coronary artery disease on vasodilator drugs.93 In their study, titled,Vagal neurostimulation in patients with coronary artery disease, the authors stimulated the area of the ear near the ear canal containing the auricular nerve endings, through electrodes attached to short acupuncture needles, inserted to a depth of 0.1 to 0.3 mm. The authors concluded that electrical stimulation of the atrial nerve results in tonic activation of central vagus nerve structures and that increased vagal tone improves cardiac blood flow in patients with severe angina through dilation of spastic cardiac microvessels. .93 Pain referred to the ear from myocardial infarction has also been reported, due to the connectivity of the ear and the heart through the vagus nerve.94 In the study titled,Anti-inflammatory properties of the vagus nerve: potential therapeutic implications of vagus nerve stimulation,88 tVNS electrical frequencies used to activate vagal afferents to mediate depression and epilepsy are cited between 20 and 30 Hz and activation of the anti-inflammatory cholinergic (APC) pathway between 1 and 10 Hz. The authors mention the anti-inflammatory properties of the vagus nerve both through its afferent fibers ( HPA axis activation) and efferents (CAP activation) and that it is a good therapeutic target in inflammatory conditions of the digestive tract, for example, irritable bowel syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis.tVNS SonopunctureSeveral commercial manufacturers are now producing devices that provide transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve,95,96,97 and others that use infrasonic sound.98 Returning to the topic of sonopuncture and the Niels Bohr Institute research discussed earlier in this article, it has been demonstrated that the nerves conduct sound (soliton impulses), which in turn generate electrical pulses, due to the piezoelectric effect. points of the ears, it is clear that this can also be achieved sonically, and that such sound stimulation will automatically lead to electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve, due to the piezoelectric effect. In this scenario, full earphones must be used, allowing the entire ear to receive the sound frequencies.
Frequencies too low for tvNS can be transmitted audibly through headphones
The very low frequencies commonly implemented in tVNS therapies can be created sonically through high-specification headphones, and several manufacturers now produce headphones that can output sounds as low as 5 Hz. 99,100,101 Although studies of this type have not been performed, this This form of sonipuncture may have great therapeutic potential to treat a wide variety of diseases, some of which have been mentioned in this section, including chronic inflammation. Sonic stimulation of the vagus nerve would be obtained by means of sinusoidal tones, generated by an audio signal generator and fed to the headphones through a suitable audio amplifier capable of handling very low frequencies. However, specially prepared music can also be used therapeutically, or rather, music with very low frequencies identified in tVNS studies can be added to music, incorporated into recording or added separately to the input of the amplifier powered by an electronic generator. signs. . In such a scenario, the patient would be able to take advantage of the many health benefits of listening to music markers, mentioned earlier in this article, while the vagus nerve would be vibratoryly stimulated by sonopuncture frequencies below the range of hearing, thus improving the health. benefits, for example, by reducing chronic inflammation. Before discussing vocal stimulation of the vagus nerve, we make special mention of the work of the French otolaryngologist Alfred A. Tomatis (b. 1920, d. 2001). Doctor Tomatis received his medical doctorate from the Paris School of Medicine and theorized that many vocal problems are actually hearing problems, based on the concept thatthe voice cannot produce what the ear cannot hear,known today as 'The Tomatis Effect'. Tomatis has developed the 'Electronic Ear', a device that uses bone conduction and sound filters to improve the tone of the muscles of the middle ear, to sensitize the listener to stray frequencies, particularly in the high registers. The ear begins to form a few days after conception and is fully developed by the fourth month of pregnancy. Tomatis theorized that information from the fetal ear stimulates and guides brain development. He believed that various auditory communication problems began in pregnancy, when the fetus did not respond adequately to the mother's voice. In children with ASD, he believed that his electronic hearing device simulated the sound of the mother's voice heard in utero, leading the child to gradually accept and respond to his real unfiltered voice. He reported that this method often produced surprising results, with children crying with joy when they recognized their mother's voice for the first time. He wrote: “It is this [vagus] nerve that helps the singer to consciously rediscover the correct respiratory rhythm, as well as heart and visceral rhythms, so that a synergy is created between this internal network and the larynx… of speech… Without a doubt , singing is one of the best ways to free ourselves from the burden of parasympathetic or neurological imbalances.”102
vocal stimulation of the vagus nerve
Finally, in this section of the article, the laryngeal connection to the vagus nerve expresses and directly influences internal visceral states through the voice. In the article,Chasing the quiet hum: how polyvagal theory links stage presence, mammalian evolution, and the vocal nerve root,103 Joanna Cazden discute Stephen W. Porges 'polyvagal theory' that emphasizes phonation, breathing and hearing. Porge's research proposes that the voice is strongly influenced by the neuroregulation that underlies our ability to communicate, and since the vagus nerve mediates our emotional state and laryngeal muscle activity, our visceral states directly influence and are expressed through voice. voice. of the autonomic vagus nerve, its influence on behavior, and its implications for vocal interpretation, requires a distinction between the neurophysiological aspects of the two major subbranches of the autonomic system, the sympathetic and the parasympathetic.103 These two aspects of the autonomic nervous system can be consider the system to be both a sympathetic and a downstream parasympathetic accelerator, providing bidirectional neural communication between our organs and the brainstem.104 Various neural pathways in the brain can send sympathetic signals to stimulate a faster heartbeat, butonly the vagus nerve sends a slowdown signal, achieved during exhalation: the heart beats a little faster we inhale and more slowly when we exhale.105 This effect is called respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), which is a measure of vagal tone. The auditory nerve (CN VIII) that carries sound signals from the ears to the brain receives interference from the myelinated vagus nerve. Porge mentions that the voice is a powerful trigger for the physiological states of others and that emotional prosody is an audible signal of the autonomic state, recognized in the listener's brain. Because the laryngeal nerves branch directly from the vagus, the voice conveys our internal resilience and expressive visceral state to others through sound.103
In the study,Song structure determines singers' heart rate variability,106 suggests that singing can be seen as starting the work of a vagal pump: singing produces slow, regular, deep breathing which, in turn, triggers RSA, causing pulsatile vagal activity. Also, as discussed in the sectionActive and passive sonic stimulation of the nostrils and lungs,singing, singing and humming stimulates nitric oxide production in the nasal cavities and lungs, with many associated health benefits. Playwright John Guare said, "The purpose of art is to exercise the muscles of the soul, so that when life's challenges come, we are ready." Porge's polyvagal theory suggests that these "soul muscles" can be found in the small area of the brainstem where a single myelinated pathway influences the remarkable vagus nerve.103
Vibrational Medicine: The Future
The fictionalized depiction of a therapy bed from the future in the television series 'Star Trek' has inspired the imagination of millions of viewers of what might be possible in the 22nd century. However, even now, 21st century medical physics is beginning to develop a non-invasive diagnostic bed capable of indicating asthma, sepsis, and even various types of cancer by monitoring the gases and compounds exhaled by patients. The technology that makes this possible is a mass spectrometer, the same type of instrument aboard NASA's Perseverance rover on Mars, which looks for signs of life. Other instruments that could be integrated into this future bed includethermographic and hyperspectral cameraswhich will track temperature and skin color to monitor a patient's metabolism, while ultrasound sensors will non-invasively measureblood flow and oxygenationto analyze heart activity and blood circulation in real time.107 Brain activity can now also be measured without connecting electrodes to a patient's scalp, using a superconducting magnetometer quantum interference device (SQUID), making it possible to monitor the neurological conditions remotely. The distance between the skull and the magnetometer is normally 2 cm at present, but future improvements in sensitivity may make it possible to build the magnetometer on the bed frame, providing EEG readings at the head of the bed. These powerful diagnostic aids sound like science fiction, but they are becoming reality. Also mirroring Star Trek, active healing technology could be incorporated into hospital beds of the future. For example, as this article highlights, the mediation of chronic pain without the use of analgesics is already possible through sound vibrations applied to specific parts of the body, which can be done with the patient in the supine position. Several manufacturers have developed commercial vibroacoustic beds 108,109,110 and their use in clinical settings is likely to play an increasingly important role in hospitals of the future. oxygen levels, as the author's preliminary studies have shown, thus supporting the cure of many diseases. Sonic stimulation of a patient's lungs and nasal cavities would also increase their nitric oxide levels, thereby stimulating vasodilation, lowering blood pressure, and providing many other health benefits. levels, providing a helpful boost to your immune system, crucial for healing processes. One of the biggest challenges for medicine in the 21st century is the eradication of cancer, but a discovery made by UCLA Professor James Gimzewski in 2002 offers intriguing potential to eradicate not only cancer cells, but any pathogens as well. Using an atomic force microscope, he and his colleague Dr. Andrew Pelling and his team were able to hear the sounds of the cells for the first time. Surprisingly, they found that cell breath sounds fall within the audible range when amplified, calling their new approach to cell biology 'sonocytology', referring to the 'songs' of cells.111,112 Raman spectroscopy offers an alternative method affordable to record the songs. of cancer cells, which differ significantly from healthy cells. In a study conducted by the author, in collaboration with Professor Sungchul Ji, from Rutgers University, sounds from cancer cells and healthy cells, derived from Raman spectroscopy, were made visible with the aid of a kimascope instrument, imprinting sound vibrations into the medical-grade water, like a fingerprint on glass, thus leaving a visual signature of cellular sounds. A typical cymaglyph (sound image) of a healthy cell is symmetrical, while that of a cancer cell is distorted by comparison. The study, titledImages and sounds of healthy cancer cells in water by cymscope followed by quantitative analysis by Planck-Shannon classifierwas published in the Water Journal (waterjournal.org), since the revealing medium for sonic vibrations in the kimascope instrument is water.113
Cymaglyph of healthy cells (left), Cymaglyph of cancer cells (right)
This collaborative study was a first step toward creating visual images for a surgeon who would wear specially designed glasses to see, in real time, changing sound patterns as the Raman laser probe is scanned into tissue during a surgical procedure. However, the most exciting aspect of this new technology lies in its potential to detect cancer early and ultimately destroy cancer cells. By taking a biopsy of a cancer, its sonic signature can be detected and amplified and then used to modulate an ultrasound beam aimed at a tumor. In this scenario, the tumor cells would absorb enough acoustic energy (from the cancer cell's own sonic signature) to be destroyed. Such a therapeutic procedure would likely be administered during a series of outpatient visits, in which a percentage of the tumor mass would undergo controlled reduction at each visit, to minimize toxic waste of material from dead cancer cells. For leukemia patients, this principle has the potential of sonic irradiation of the patient's blood through a specially adapted intraoperative recirculation system. environmental changes, eg glucose depletion, heat shock, free radicals, pathogen invasion or toxicity. When a cellular system is in the G0 phase, it creates an imbalance in the body, resulting in physiological symptoms, but hypothetically, cells in this "asleep" state can be stimulated back into the normal cell cycle by immersion in frequencies of specific sound or in song (Remember that research 111,112 by Professor James Gimzewski indicated that the sounds made by cells are in audible frequency ranges, typically centered around 1 kHz). The almost holographic nature of sound and the spherical spatial shape of audible sounds, mentioned in the introduction to this article This is why Faraday wave patterns manifest in the surface membranes of cells, organs, the visceral fascia and visceral fluids. Although it is beyond the scope of this article, this is also why all energetic information within a specific sound frequency, or within music, is transmitted to the cell. Also popularly known as 'cymatic patterns' after Dr. Hans Jenny, who coined the term to mean 'visible sound', the importance of this natural phenomenon is vital to the future of vibrational medicine. Integral membrane proteins and the cells' primary cilia are, in a very real sense, massaged by the anti-nodal pressure points of these microscopic sound patterns, stimulating cells in ways yet to be discovered. Sound organizes matter, a fact that can be seen in simple experiments on the Chladni Plate with particulate matter and in more sophisticated experiments with the CymaScope instrument, in which liquid water is used as the printing medium to translate sonic periodicities into periodicities. of water waves. .7 Life as we know it cannot exist without liquid water; Professor Gerald H. Pollack extensively discusses 'structured water', or 'exclusion zone' (EZ) water, in his groundbreaking book,The Fourth Phase of Water.114 Proposes that EZ water (H3O2) literally generates the electricity that helps power all living creatures. Here's a connection waiting to be explored between the sound frequencies that organize water molecules and the EZ water that fuels life. Professor Pollack discovered that EZ water is built by light, particularly infrared light, leading to a potentially fascinating connection between sound and our physiology:inelastic sonic collisions create sonically modulated infrared light that powers the EZ water building mechanism in cells, which in turn powers our biology.The organizational aspect of the sound and its EZ water build mechanism is it is already beginning to provide insight into what might be called "sleep biology", a field in which the role of structured water and sound is likely to be increasingly important in medicine.
These are just a few of the many advances in medical science that have the potential to help humanity in its quest to reverse disease, prolong life, and improve quality of life. Sound's role in medical modalities is growing every year for drug-free therapies and diagnostic applications, and it is finding welcome support among many physicians and hospitals around the world. I predict that sound therapy and music medicine will play an important role in the future of medicine, which deserves to be developed and nurtured. | https://kollec.life/article/sound-therapy-201-biological-mechanisms |
The of this research is to explore the connection between the auditory and visual sensory experience. Taking into consideration a more emotional and humanistic approach when designing spaces.
In the case of hyper connectivity of the senses, listening to specific frequencies can involuntarily evoke an experience of color. A heightened sense of reality known as, Chromesthesia.
So how would this interwoven senses influence the perceptual experience of a space?
Scene A Muted
Scene B Low to High Hz
Scene C High to Low Hz
The above box played a total of six sonic and visual scenes, each scene was either set on the red for long wavelengths or purple hue for short. Starting of from mute, the audio wavelengths around 2673 Hz and 41Hz corresponded that of the lights.
21 from the ages of 18 to 24, answered a series of questions about their subjective emotional response to each of the sonic and optic scenes. The collected data was based on rating each scene by either positive or negative emotion.
Cardboard
LED Strip
Wooden frame
Two way mirror
Experiment materials and components
The overall collected showed that the purple lighting scene with the low frequency of 41Hz, indicated the calmness as the most effective emotion. Compared to the overall mute lighting scene as the least effective. Some subjects reported more negative emotions towards the red lighting scene along with both high and low frequencies, describing the scene as claustrophobic and frustrating.
These results inform that the synergy between the sonic and optic experience can push a stronger emotional relation to the spaces humans occupy. So when it comes to designing a space both lighting and the sound quality must be taken into great consideration.
To further apply this into a real space situation, I decided as an example to chose the exit pathway with an escalator at the Essex street subway station. Due to the fact that it is a transitional space leading from the underground subways up to the outside busy street.
This experience can allow an opportunity of a light and acoustical design in pushing further the immersiveness quality of that space. Creating the experience more inwardly for the individuals occupying the space
Recordings of subway tracks for audio. Materials used to build the experiment wood, LED strip, and two way mirrors. Softwares used Ableton live, Arduino, Rhino, and Auto CAD. | https://www.sohailamosbeh.com/chromesthesia |
3D printing for custom design and manufacture of microtonal flutes
Conventional Western instruments are designed and manufactured to play music in the standard tuning system of 12-tone equal temperament. As a result, they are inadequate for realizing the abundance of alternative tunings that musicians may wish to explore. Experimenting with other tuning systems requires a customized microtonal instrument, or for the musician to develop a specialized playing technique. With growing interest among musicians in alternative tuning systems, customers—rather than manufacturers—may wish to dictate the tuning for fabrication of their own bespoke instruments.
Although keyboards1 and re-fretted guitars2 demonstrate microtonal capabilities, there are very few microtonal wind instruments commercially available. The flute is the simplest example of a wind instrument, and there are currently design techniques and software tools that flute makers can use to determine where finger holes should be placed for a desired tuning.3 Typically, an instrument maker begins with a hollow tube, places finger holes according to the guidelines, and then goes through an iterative process of testing and modifying the instrument until reaching the desired tuning. This physical refinement stage is time-consuming, does not allow for accurate replication of instruments, and relies on a trial-and-error approach informed by a designer's experience.
To address these limitations, developers have used 3D printing. This offers repeatability, control, and a level of precision not possible with manual techniques.4 In addition, this approach enables rapid manufacture, with more predictability in terms of the expected performance of the final instrument. In one example, 3D printing enabled the production of a traditional transverse flute.5 That work, however, relied on replication of the exact measurements. For flutes in alternative tunings, pre-existing examples are unavailable to be replicated. In our approach, therefore, we use mathematical models to create 3D designs for printing. In the past, researchers have used physical acoustics—describing how sound interacts with physical objects—to describe the characteristics of wind instruments, including the flute.6–9 One key factor that governs the sound produced by the instrument is the acoustic length. This differs from the physical length of the tube and is a function of its diameter, as well as the diameters and locations of the finger and mouth holes. In our work, we explore the use of more accurate mathematical models of acoustic length. We can thus achieve a better estimation of the physical length and finger hole locations prior to 3D printing.
In our research we focus on two types of flute. The first is the recorder, because it is relatively easy to play. It is also easy to maintain a stable pitch and hence test our designs. We have also focused on a simple transverse flute. Our initial musical evaluation and analysis of recordings showed that printing resolution plays a significant role in the ability to sustain a note and achieve a desired tone quality. As expected, the use of a fused deposition modeling low-resolution printer resulted in a rough surface. The acoustic impedance (how air flows through the instrument) was thus increased. This has a direct impact on the ability to play stable notes at desired frequencies using this flute. In contrast, the use of a high-resolution Polyjet printer resulted in replication of an alto recorder with near-identical acoustic properties (see Figure 1), as judged by our experienced musicians. These flutes have proven to be robust and viable instruments that musicians successfully played at the 2014 Darwin and OzAsia Festivals in Australia.10, 11
Although we can judge the performance of the flute through its use by experienced musicians, or by analyzing recordings,5 in this project we used mathematical models to predict the acoustics before manufacture of the instrument. To develop these models, we considered that a physical flute—designed to produce certain sounds—will have a corresponding acoustic impedance, which can be measured or calculated. Our specific models are based on a theoretical approach,9 which focuses on using a model of acoustic admittance (the inverse of acoustic impedance).8 This is affected by the number, size, and placement of the finger holes, and the intended frequency of sound produced. Using an electrical circuit analogy for the design,9 we can account for the combined effects of bore variation and frequency-dependent admittance sections. We are using this model for the first time to obtain more accurate estimations of components for our 3D-printed flutes (recorder and flute heads).
We have also explored new designs for flutes with customized microtonal tunings (see Figure 2). In music, the difference between two frequencies is often measured using a logarithmic unit known as cents. We found that existing mathematical models3 gave approximate solutions to finger hole locations, usually with an accuracy of 30 cents compared with the desired frequency. To achieve greater accuracy, we have experimented with flutes printed at different lengths. We can thus gain a more precise approximation of the acoustic length for the desired tuning system. This allows implementation of microtonal scales with much more accurate tuning in the final print. Our goal is to achieve no more than a five-cent error, which we consider to be an acceptable deviation for wind instruments such as the flute.
We have successfully designed and manufactured pre-existing flutes using 3D printing. From our initial experiments, we obtained promising results for creating custom microtonal tunings. Our current objective is to use more accurate mathematical models and more rigorous testing techniques. We also plan to create more radical designs, such as a double helix flute (see Figure 3).12
This project is sponsored by the University of Wollongong Global Challenges program. The authors acknowledge the facilities accessed at the Australian National Fabrication Facility.
Christian Ritz is an associate professor, with significant research expertise in digital signal processing for speech, audio, and acoustics. His current research interests include 3D audio recording, analysis, and synthesis, as well as customized manufacturing of musical instruments and microphone arrays using 3D printing technology.
Terumi Narushima is a music lecturer, composer, performer, and sound designer specializing in microtonal tuning systems. Her works include Hidden Sidetracks, a creative work for custom-made instruments premiered at the Sydney Opera House, and music for a theater production (Yasukichi Murakami: Through a Distant Lens).
Kraig Grady is a composer and performer with 35 years' experience in designing and building acoustic microtonal instruments. He has taught music at the University of Wollongong, where he also completed a Masters in visual arts. His interest is in developing ensembles of instruments capable of expressive flexibility.
Stephen Beirne, under the banner of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, has been directly responsible for the implementation of a suite of commercial and custom additive fabrication tools. His primary research focus is in the development of new hardware, methods, and materials targeted towards additive bio-fabrication.
Matthew Dabin is a PhD candidate whose research area includes microphone array signal processing, spatial and temporal signal processing, 3D modeling, and acoustics. | https://spie.org/news/6082-3d-printing-for-custom-design-and-manufacture-of-microtonal-flutes?ArticleID=x115347 |
Does anyone know where I can get a list if sound resonance frequencies of different materials?
Thanks
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Does anyone know where I can get a list if sound resonance frequencies of different materials?
Thanks
I don't think such a thing exists. Resonant frequency of materials is a function of mass, shape, and modulus of elasticity.
Indeed. All the pipes in a church organ are made of the same thing, but they resonate at different frequencies and thus produce different notes. You might could factor shape out by finding the resonant frequency of some specific shape in different materials, but I don't think that exists either.
Yes it does exist. That is how opera singers are able to shatter wine glasses for example. - They simply use their voice so that the note they produce reaches the same sound resonance frequency as the glass.Originally Posted by Harold14370
- Like wise, this is how "sonic welding" is done. - The same sound resonance frequency as the metal is produced and the metal heats up.
The initial question remains to anyone who knows of a useful website listing materials and their sound resonance frequencies. - Thanks
I don't think he was questioning whenever or not the frequency exist, but rather stating that if such a list was to be made, each material tested has to be under the same conditions.Originally Posted by leohopkins
As for the list, I doubt such a thing exist. As the frequency changes with every little change in mass and shape, but it might exist for some materials if they have pretty static values.
Consider a guitar string. As you increase the tension on it, the resonant frequency increases. A heavier string of the same material, and tightened to the same tension, will have a lower frequency. So, you could not assign a single resonant frequency to the steel or gut material the string is made of.
I've never heard of "sound resonance frequencies"
If you mean the "speed of sound" in different materials, here you can find how to calculate it:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_sound
And here you find the required parameters for various materials, but the most materials also have their own wikipedia site and stiffness and density are usually listed.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of...nts_by_density
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_modulus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%27s_modulus
If you mean resonance frequency (and most objects will emit sound when excited at resonance frequency), the other posters are right: it depends on the geometry. In the case of an organ, it only depends on the geometry, since it's the air that gets into resonance (ok it also depends on the composition of the gas).
In your wine glass example: if you take another wine glass, you need a different frequency to break it. Even if you pour a little bit of water in the glass you'll need a different frequency.
And concerning the sonic welding (or other sonic machining methods): I think it's the tool you get into resonance, not the workpiece.
Oh right. I overlooked that in the organ example. Not 100% true though, since they use specific materials in the construction of the pipes to get the sound the way they want it, but still 99% true.
A xylophone or a guitar (as Harold mentioned) would be a better example.
Since we're nitpicking: that's not to change the resonance frequency, but the amplitude of the harmonics (the timbre of the sound) :wink:Originally Posted by MagiMaster
Okay,
The reason for me asking this is that I know that waves of energy can be amplified, and projected, rather like light can with the laser. So the same must be with sound waves.
I had an idea for a non-lethal weapon that would destroy buildings and bridges. Sound laser-type weapon that would transmit high intensity waves on a localised area of concrete to crack and destroy the structure.
You might be looking for a sonic boom: move a sound source at the speed of sound and you've got yourself a nice an devastating pressure wave.
A strong enough sonic boom could do it, but for the original idea, it just wont work. Concrete is a mixture of different materials, and doesn't have a resonance frequency. As the sound passes through the concrete, it bounces off the many tiny interfaces between the different grains, losing any resonance or cohesion (and a lot of its power). Only very uniform materials in fairly uniform shapes exhibit strong resonances.
no, resonant frequency is a tricky thing to play with. it is impossible to generalize resonant frequency by material, because, as stated by everyone else, it depends also on shape and mass. Sound, as a weapon, is useless aside from the psych warfare it is already used for. Unless, of course, you have a nice giant, pure steel structure that you'd like to bring down. I think, the mythbusters did something on this as thought up by good 'ol Nikola
The wavelength at which resonance occurs is determined by the geometry of the problem -- length alone in the case of an organ pipe (you are looking at the first fundamental longitudinal mode. Frequecy is determined by the wavelength and the speed of sound. The speed of sound is determined by the material, in the case of gasses by the temperature molecular weight and ration of specific heats. In the case of solids the speed of sound is determined by the modulus and density.Originally Posted by leohopkins
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_Sound
But this isn't only due to the material the glass is made of, but also the size and shape of the glass. You could put two wine glasses made of the same glass next to each other, subject them to the same frequency and one would shatter and the other wouldn't. This would be due to small differences in the shapes of the wine glasses.Originally Posted by leohopkins
Here is a way to find out. Hit the object, and copy the tone it produces. As simple as that. The term you are looking for is "sympathetic resonance" I do not know if that is a scientific term, but it is used in the musical world, take for example the symp-atar, a guitar with sympathetic strings that run underneath the regular strings, inside the neck and body, they resonate at different frequencies depending on what notes you are playing, giving a chromatic haunting sound. There are Norwegian violins made like this, I think they are the original sympathetic instrument. If you take the mute hammers off of a piano and play a note, you will hear all the other notes that it "sympathizes" with as well
A concrete wall has a tone, it is just very very very very very very low. You would need an ultra contra bass horn... you can make one I forgot how. but it's something you plug in and let loose, it usually destroys itself and if it's in a room that is seeled it will shatter windows and tear doors of hinges, crack drywall, etc.
this damage has nothing to do with the tone, but the implosion of air created by the sound waves. such a machine would not last long enough to destroy stone work though it might make some cracks bigger... it's progress!
since it is very hard to separate overtones with the ear, you will probably need a computer to record the sound and then take whichever frequency is loudest.
I don't know if that is actually how you would do it, I've never tried and never looked it up, but that is where I would start.
There is this old anarchist lamentation that goes "Shame concrete don't burn"
if you figure out a solution to this problem, please let me know
no. not quite. It's more like the concrete has several tones that all distort each other. Each of those tones may be low, but, since it is a heterogeneous mixture, they are not coherent and will not produce a resonant frequency, sorry.
In fact, a concrete wall is rather stiff, so I doubt the sound would be low. If you hit a concrete wall, the sound is usually rather high btw. Arcane_Mathamatition also has a strong point.
The resonance frequency of an entire building, however, is very low (very high mass). But for obvious reasons engineers take measure to prevent large structures from having pronounced resonance frequencies (type "tacoma bridge" in youtube if you want to know why).
1) It ain't so simple as to have a list.
2) Listen to what Harold said.
The sound wave needs to propogate through the material in such a way that it's reflection is in phase with the incident wave, and thus accentuates the motion. (if I remember right..)
Fill your bathtub to about 30% then make waves with a regular motion, you will quickly find one speed where very little effort is needed to make larger waves, and if you continue the water will spill out. Note the frequency and write it down.
Next refill the bath with motor oil and repeat the experiment, you will find the same effects occur but at a different frequency.
Lastly (and it will be last..) repeat the experiment using gasoline to obtain yet another frequency.
Now repeat the whole thing at your Gran's house (if she has a different sized tub)
and you get to see that like Harold said there are quite a few factors.
If there is a list of resonances, it should give precise data on size, shape, composition, temperature, atmospheric pressure, method of excitation, etc etc as well as any frequency data.
is the high sound you hear when you hit a concrete wall from the concrete wall or from the object you hit it with?
if you have 3 concrete blocks of different size(assume they are all the same in other aspects) the smaller one will be higher than the bigger one won't it
in response to the points about buildings and low frequencies bringing them down: is that not what earthquakes are? Earthquakes can be seen as just sound waves with enormous amplitude and low frequencies are they not?
Partially, yes, and as Bender said, engineers take as much care as possible to prevent exactly such a resonance. (High winds can also cause some of the same effects.) On the other hand, the accelerations caused by an earthquake can do plenty of damage even without resonance. Of course, engineers take this into account too.
Galloping gertie...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-zczJXSxnw
Well, yes. That's one of the main reasons modern engineers take wind resonance into account.
Actually the Tacoma Narrows Bridge did not collapse because of resonance:
http://www.ketchum.org/billah/Billah-Scanlan.pdf
It is one of those popular science factoids that get repeated until it is so ingrained that even textbooks support this view. Just like the idea that the Coriolis Effect causes toilets to flush in opposite directions in the northern and southern hemispheres:
http://www.snopes.com/science/coriolis.asp
As with most failures there are usually more than 1 cause, resonance played a part clearly as did aerodynamics a shift in the design of either could have prevented the problem. At the end of the day Until the Millenium footbridge in London no other bridge (that I am aware of ) suffered this effect (the London bridge had to be modified to ease severe swaying in moderate winds).Originally Posted by ScienceWizard
Since galloping Gerie Aerodynamics and resonance have been taken into account when building suspension bridges, thus one may say "since the inclusion of resonance factors into bridge design no other suspension bridge has failed catastrophically" from which one may draw one's own conclusions as to the effect of resonance at Tacoma Narrows.
I think the Millennium Footbridge started swaying up and down because of the foot traffic, not because of wind forces.
Earthquakes provide the capability to excite some oscillatory modes, but in earthquake-prone areas large buildings are often isolated and damped to prevent damage from resonance. However, earthquakes can also provide high amplitude displacements and just plain high acceleration and that is where much of the extensive damage originates. On soils that tend to have high amplitude displacement the damage is greater than on rocky areas -- old lake beds as with Mexico City (or Salt Lake City) can be vulnerable.Originally Posted by harvestein
That paper is really splitting hairs rather finely except for specialists. They are quite correct in that one cannot describe the failure accurately using only the notions of forced oscillations of a system described by a second-0rder ordinary differential equation, as in elementary textbooks. But that description is still qualitiatively useful.Originally Posted by ScienceWizard
They are correct in that the failure mechanism was that of an insufficiently damped oscillatory mode excited by wind and amplified by non-linear aerodynamics effects that created a positive-feedback situation. This is rather akin to the case of a poorly damped closed-loop system with inadequate stability margin (poles being too close to the right-half plane in some terminology). Nevertheless the effect of thjis non-linear positive-feedback loop was to excite a dynamic mode that led to failure -- and that excitation of the mode can be described as a resonance. It is not the resonance of the system with the initial forcing function, but it is a resonance that is created by the interenal system dynamics, fundmentally related to fluid flow.
So, I can agree with the authors that when the Tacoma narrows disaster is discussed in detail with an advanced audience the precise nature of the system dynamics and interactions needs to be presented accurately. But I disagree that the use of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge disastere as an example of resonant behavior is inappropriate for pedagogical purposes in an elementary class on physics or differential equations. It gets across the point that resonances are important and that students of science and engineering need to pay attention to such details.
I think the authors of that article are splitting hairs rather closely, except for an audience of specialists.Originally Posted by ScienceWizard
They are correct, and I can agree that the failure mode of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge is not accurately described by the simple model of a second-order ordinary differential equation with a forcing functin approaching the natural frequency of the system. The failure mode was indeed driven by a non-linear aerodynamic aspect of the dynamics of the structural system that produced a positive-feedback loop and led to failure. That is rather akin to the situation in linear control theory in which there is inadequate stability margin -- a pole is just too close to the right-hand plane.
Nevertheless, the effect of the internally developed positive-feedback loop is to excite and internal resonance and thereby achieve amplitudes that result in failure.
In an advanced class or seminar with an experienced and sophisticated audience these distinctions are worthy of discussion. It is important in that setting that all of the technical details be discussed precisely and that the subtleties be understood.
I must, however, disagree with the authors that the use of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge disaster in an elementary class in physics or ordinary differential equations is inappropriate. The failure was closely related to the notion of resonance. The disaster is a useful pedagogical tool to call attention of the students to the phenomena of resonance and to the importance of understanding and considering it in practical problems. At that level the distinction between resonance directly resulting from the external forcing function and resonance that is internall generated by a system non-linearity that couples with a mode of response is not particularly important. I do agree that it is not appropriate to distort the truth by stating that the von Karman vortices did something that they simply did not do -- but there is no need at the introductory level to go into the details of the fluid dynamics. The issue of resonance is a real one, and it can be accurately addressed without going into details of fluid flow and turbulence. | http://www.thescienceforum.com/physics/13913-sound-resonance-frequencies.html |
Recommended for ages 8 and up with adult supervision.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Intricately crafted aprons mark the entry of Mode Brut, inviting visitors to pause and symbolically wake up the creative sides of themselves. This practice is employed by Creativity Explored (CE) artists when they don their aprons at the start of each studio session.
Throughout our collaboration with CE, MCD has strived to bring this mindset to artists throughout San Francisco and empower designers with the tools to take on this creative ritual. Hundreds of Bret Harte elementary students designed aprons to prepare themselves to craft at school.
This project prompts you to participate in the same invocation of daily creativity!
MATERIALS
Large piece of fabric (Ours measures 23’’ x 15’’)
Fabric scraps of various sizes
Needle
Thread
Hot glue and hot glue gun
Fabric Scissors
Fabric pins
Ruler
Chalk or pencil
INSTRUCTIONS
- Measure the width of the fabric and place marks at the center and quarter points.
- Fold corners of fabric down and towards the center of the fabric at or before each quarter mark.
- Ensure that folded fabric is positioned at right angles.
- Secure sewing pins to keep the fabric in place.
- Sew or use hot glue to permanently position fabric folds. Glue or sew along the downward facing edges of the folded, triangular piece of fabric.
- Add straps and pockets using fabric scraps.
- Straps:
- Create straps by cutting long strips of fabric (approx 2 feet).
- Create more detailed straps by tying or braiding the long strips of fabric together.
- Sew, glue, or tie straps to the apron edges to serve as waistbands and neckpieces.
- Create straps by cutting long strips of fabric (approx 2 feet).
- Pockets:
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- Make the pocket fabric patch by cutting a single piece of fabric or by creating a patchwork design composed of smaller fabric pieces.
- Sew or glue the pocket to your apron by adhering to the bottom and two sides of the fabric patch.
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- Straps:
Creative prompts for more:
- Check out past MCD@Home projects to further develop your design!
- Explore Closet Repurposing to revive an old outfit and play with novel ways of integrating found fabric.
- Learn from Creativity Explored artists as you add embroidered flowers, tie-dyed patches, and textile creations to the apron!
- Make your design even more functional! Can you create specific pockets for gardening tools? A place to rest a paintbrush? Somewhere to tuck a recipe?
RELATED RESOURCES
From braiding to tying to gluing to sewing, this project asks crafters to creatively attach distinct fabric pieces together. As part of their artist-in-residence at Recology, Mode Brut design partner Bonanza designed a fashion show using materials sourced from the SF dump.
Check out the garments of the Young and Restless and explore how textiles are attached!
Aprons exist in many shapes and sizes, reflective of both their function and historical context. Explore some of the aprons featured in Apron Strings:Ties to the Past as curated by Joyce Cheney for additional design inspiration! | https://sfmcd.org/project/cloaks-of-creativity/ |
This course teaches students the basics of sewing using hand and machine construction techniques. They will learn the invaluable art of sewing on buttons, simple hand stitching, and the basics of threading and using a sewing machine. Patterns and instructions will be used to construct several projects, which could include an animal stuffie, a bag, or zippered pouch. Students will also have the option to create several other objects using various crafting techniques. Depending on time and the talents of the students, there is opportunity to create more small projects using the sewing machines.
TEXTILES 9
Students will explore the world of fabrics as they learn about natural & manufactured fibres, including their origins, characteristics, uses, and care. They will become familiar with using and modifying simple patterns and the elements of design used in the design of a textile item. Students will be asked to consider the social factors that influence textile choice and how that impacts the communities in which we live and the cultures in our community.
Students will create a minimum of 3 projects during this course which may include pajama pants, a hoodie, and one other creation of their choice.
HOME ECONOMICS - TEXTILES 10
In Textiles 10, students will continue with hand and machine construction techniques for producing and/or repairing textile items, including First Peoples textile practices. Students will learn strategies for altering patterns and explore ways to upcycle existing textiles. Students will be asked to consider the environmental and ethical factors that influence textile choices and the impact of those choices on local and global communities.
Students will create a minimum of 4 projects during this course, which may include a small quilt, one clothing item, an upcycled item and one other creation of their choice.
There may be an enhancement fee of $50
TEXTILE STUDIES 11
Prerequisite: None
At this level students will be expected to work with and understand more complex fabrics. The physical and chemical properties and technological developments of fabrics will be a factor in fabric choice for their projects. Students will modify patterns to fit their needs, repurpose textiles items, and examine symbolism in textile prints and designs, including those of First Peoples. This course will also include a unit on the influence of marketing and advertising, such as social media, in the promotion of fashion and textile items.
Students will discuss project requirements with the teacher.
There may be an enhancement fee of $50
TEXTILE STUDIES 12
Prerequisite: Textile Studies 11
This course will build on knowledge and skills acquired in previous Textiles courses, further looking into the making and using of fabrics, designing patterns and manipulating textiles to achieve specific results. It will include a unit on legislation, regulations, and agencies that influence production, labeling, and distribution of textile items in Canada. In addition there will be a unit on forecasting practices and how they are used in the development and creation of textile items. We will also look at the historical uses of textile items and their influence on modern textile use, including those of First Peoples.
Students will determine the nature and number of projects to be completed in consultation with teacher.
There may be an enhancement fee of $50
TEXTILES, ARTS & CRAFTS 11
Prerequisite: None
This is a hands on course designed to allow students to explore a variety of arts and crafts techniques. Students will complete a project that communicates specific beliefs/traditions which may include those of First Peoples; create a textiles and/or craft project that expresses the student's own ideas, thoughts or feelings and create a product for a specific public need.
Examples of projects could include:
- Quilting
- Knitting/Crochet
- Bags/Purses
- Recycled textile projects
- Tie-dyed fabrics
- Embroidery
- Scrapbooking/paper crafts
- Decor related items
Students will discuss project requirement with the teacher. | https://ldss.sd91.bc.ca/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=1087034&type=d&pREC_ID=1365506 |
You don’t have to always use paint or pencil to create art! Textile art is one of the oldest art forms in human civilization. Historically created to serve very practical functions, such as clothing for warmth, textile art has evolved over the centuries to move from “craft” to “fine art”. Fabric art uses fibers and can include methods such as embroidery, weaving, sewing, and dying fabric. A rug, tapestry, clothing or even a sculpture made with fabric are all examples of textile art. This week we will explore the ancient art of Indonesian Batik. Traditionally, batiking fabric is done by applying hot wax to selected areas of the design and then dying on top of the fabric. The wax resists the dye, and those areas remain the original color of the fabric. However, this method below will offer all the fun and beauty of batik without the challenges (and dangers) of melted wax.
Materials: Fabric (a plain tee-shirt, muslin, canvas, or any scrap piece of cloth), white toothpaste, hand or body lotion, paint (fabric paint, non-washable tempera, or acrylic paint. *Acrylic paint will result in a stiffer fabric).
Directions:
1.) Prepare your fabric by cutting it to your desired size. Perhaps you want to work on a large scale and then subsequently make the finished piece into bandanas, banners, pillowcases, or other projects. Remember you can also batik directly onto plain, light colored shirts, bags, dresses…
2.) Place a piece of plastic wrap or cardboard under your fabric and tape it down to your surface (the plastic is there for easy clean up since materials are likely to seep through the fabric).
3.) Using a pencil, lightly sketch your design onto your fabric. Examples could be animals, repeating patterns, or just abstract lines not representing anything in particular.
4.) In an old glue bottle or something comparable, mix your toothpaste and lotion together. A 1:1 mixture will work perfectly. Mix it well.
5.) Trace over your drawing with the toothpaste mixture and allow to dry overnight.
6.) The next day paint over the entire image. Make sure you are not using washable paint! Allow it to dry completely.
7.) Take your painted fabric to the sink and gently wash away the resist and excess paint. You may have to use a tool to help scrape off the resist if the water doesn’t wash it away easily.
8.) Lay your finished piece flat to dry. | https://www.mysticmuseumofart.org/2021/02/toothpaste-batik/ |
Huddled close to her wolf companion, the maiden of the Anne Stokes Protector T-Shirt takes in the mountain scenery from their perch on a small cliff. A tattoo of a paw and her fur cloak serve as proof of her kinship with the pack. This otherworldly pair casts their alert gazes in the direction of the viewer. The girl smiles softly as though giving permission for this brief glance into their realm. This fantasy scene unfolds on the front of a loose-fit crew neck tee. Its realistic detail made possible by a unique printing process with water-based inks and eco-friendly dyes. The fabric of the shirt has been tie-dyed blue. Admire the artwork of your favorite fantasy artist, while adding a comfortable tee to your wardrobe, with the Anne Stokes Protector T-Shirt.
Key Features:
- Features a loose fit, crew neck tee
- Made of pre-shrunk and no-fade materials
- Depicts a maiden with wolf guardian
- Based on the fantasy artwork of Anne Stokes
- Inspired by Protector from her Gothic Collection
Materials:
- Made of heavyweight cotton
- Screen printed with water-based inks
- Hand dyed with organic reactive dyes
Measurements: | https://www.medievalcollectibles.com/product/anne-stokes-protector-t-shirt/ |
This week I worked on setting up the website and started to getting used to the documentation process.
I wanted to personalise my website to a different theme and more esthetic format but first I thought I would try to manage and use the basic mkdocs.yml. And finally, sticked to the Material theme - (I will see if I make a personalise Home page later on) I Changed a few things color, font, titles to get a more personnal page. Wile modifing the theme in mkdocs.yml with my logo and adding my favicon, the pipeline kept failing, finally with the essential help of Diane we discovered and fixed the problem and now this is the way to do it:
Be careful with the 'icon', you need to erase this line if you want to use your own image, and put your 'logo' and 'favicon' line at the same level as 'font' and 'palette'
FABRICADEMY¶
MOTIVATIONS
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The first motivation is textile. I fell in love with textile in Canada when I took my first Fiber class. Since then textile is my material of predilection, at the core of my artistic production.
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I have a strong personal interest regarding new technologies, biologie/science and new materials.
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Learning is a vital process to me
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The new way of learning and teaching of Fabricademy highly motivates me: breaking from traditional academism and letting creativity flow through sharing, experimenting.... It's a way to develop my technical and creative skills more in depth in a new textile field.
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I’m also enthusiastic to be sharing and collaborating with a diverse local and international network. And to be part of the TextileLab Lyon, to have the opportunity to use their facilities as much as being part of their local creative network.
Fabricademy is a chance to experiment, expand my practice towards more hybrid methods, materials, projects and techniques; mixing textile craft to science/biologie and new technologies.
Project
In Fabricademy I wish to develop a project that merges digital motion with sustainable materials and colors; and using repetition and pattern as a creative process.
SUSTAINABILITY
During my design studies and design production, sustainability was a core and central theme in each of the design processes and creation I had to approach. It was essential to go in depth of each step of the design process (cultural use…) and build new thinking and shifting our way of produccion/use of the objects/materias/l and designed landscapes we live on.
But in my Fine art classes and my last years in Fine Art in Spain, (but also in the Art world in general), sustainability didn’t seem to be as important. It was/is an art-theme/ an art-concept (as much as working on political preoccupations, the body, the landscape, color/form etc) Sustainability (was and) IS still not a practice in the art world.
As an artist and designer, it’s a core and essential part of my thinking, and I try as much as possible to tend towards a more responsible environmental practice and production.
One of the texts that influences my thinking and practice is Vibrant Matter from Jane Bennett.
Inspirations¶
ISSEY MIYAKE Folds
Deleuze wrote that "If there is a properly baroque suit, it will be wide, swollen, puffy, bubbly, and will surround the body with its autonomous folds, always multiplying, more than it will translate those of the body."
Also worthy of the folds defended by Deleuze, the work of Issey Miyake, exacerbates fluid forms, a mobile architecture and a form of fabric adaptation. His works are at the intersection between textile design and art, and pleated by an elastic creative expression. He turns some simple fabrics into a double meaning object, as his energies accumulate and fuse these two different disciplines. As we see in the images ("Issey Miyake (dress) and Herb Ritts (photograph), Wrapped Torso, Herb Ritts, platinum print. Los Angeles, 1989 © Herb Ritts Foundation"), Issey Miyake, in his work investigates and explores the nature of folds and their implications in the act of wrapping, covering the body in motion.
ANNI ALBERS ART+design
The global work of Anni Albers, artist, weaver, designer and teacher at the Bauhaus and Black Mountain, is an example in the field of textile art. Her work and her texts are an artistic reference to understand the world of weaving from the point of view of art and design. Anni Albers studied the shapes and geometry of constructions and woven structures, with a vision that blurs the barriers between art and design. Her artistic work developed the concept of pictorial weaving. Her works are woven with abstract motifs that emerge from the rectilinear rigidity that was produced in the Bahaus of her time. We note that the formal perfection of the warp and weft treatment by the artist appropriates the concerns that concern modern and abstract painting, but taking them to the field of textile production. She also dedicated herself to investigating the different fields of graphic printing, exploring levels of complexity that relate drawing to fabric. In her works, we clearly see that these preparatory drawings are as important as the fabric resulting from her works.
More about Anni Abers on Aware Woman
JOVENCIO DE LA PAZ Digital+Traditional weaving
A few month ago I attended a very inspiring lecture given by Jovencio de la Paz about his work, at the intersection of traditional weaving and modern computers.
In his own words: | https://class.textile-academy.org/2022/charlotte-bracho/Weekly%20proposals/week01/ |
Helen Abson, who trained as an architect, is an Australian designer. She pursued architecture for five years; founded ZAB Design, designing fabrics that exhibited a preoccupation for texture achieved through pattern and colour.
During the 1970s and 1980s, Zab’s bold, vibrant textiles offered an inexpensive alternative to the iconic Finnish products of Marimekko, and Zab prospered, exporting to the United States and attracting international press coverage.
Sources
Byars, M., & Riley, T. (2004). The design encyclopedia. Laurence King Publishing. https://amzn.to/3ElmSlL
Thames and Hudson. (1985). The International Design Yearbook 1985/1986.
More Australian Designers
Related content
Grant Featherston Australian Designer – Encyclopedia of Design
Grant Stanley Featherston (October 17, 1922-October 9, 1995) was an Australian furniture designer whose chairs in the 1950s became the symbols of the Atomic Era. Grant and Mary Featherston He was born in Geelong, Victoria. In 1965, he married Mary Bronwyn Currey, an English-born interior designer, and the pair worked closely as interior designers for many decades.
Australian Fabric Designer – John Rodriquez – Encyclopedia of Design
John Rodriquez became well known for his textile designs in the early 1950’s. He introduced a unique Australian Style. His abstract textile designs included everyday household items tea towels and curtains. The materials were sunburnt Australian shades, “deep and muted, sometimes almost three dimensional”. Greys, yellows and greens were the prevailing shades.
The Chevron pattern – a Popular motif for Designers
The chevron, which can be seen on pottery and petrographs all over the ancient globe, is one of the oldest symbols in human history, with V-shaped markings dating back to the Neolithic age (6th to 5th millennia BC) as part of the Vinca symbols catalogue. | https://encyclopedia.design/2022/02/03/helen-abson-australian-architect-and-fabric-designer/ |
This is a copy of a tattered and worn antique fabric remnant and is printed on natural linen.
Kelsch originated from the Alsace region of France in the mid 1800's and was made from linen/hemp and woven on small home spun looms for textile projects such as mattress, duvet and pillow covers and were stuffed with either feathers or straw.
Today Kelsch is a highly desirable and versatile textile design.
Use it as a stand alone design for your interior decor or co-ordinate it with Rose Toile 'Paris Grey' on natural linen.
Fabric width: 137cmVertical repeat: 4.2cmHorizontal repeat: 4.2cmComposition: Linen Union
Price per metre: £52.00/metre
Click here for FABRIC SAMPLES
Suitable for curtains, blinds, soft furnishings and light/occasional upholstery.
Dry clean only
All designs are currently digitally printed to order and lead times are approximately 10-15 working days from order.
Shipping is for UK mainland only - all other regions and international sales please contact me direct for a shipping quote. | https://www.thepaintedroom.co.uk/products/kelsch |
Inez and Jerel are planning another monumental size tie dye code named: Cosmic Charlie. Construction of Cosmic Charlie has begun. Measuring in at 490,000 square feet, the fabric for Cosmic Charlie is 100% Post-Consumer recycled product.
Vibrant Protest: Corrina
Inez and Jerel are currently planning a project titled Corrina. Corrina is a 500-yard long by 500-yard wide tie-dyed Mandala designed for aerial viewing. The Harwood’s have already begun organizing this project with other Rock Stars of the textile art scene. If you are interested in being involved in this next project please contact us through the form below. | https://greyforeststudio.com/projects-unrealized/ |
The Swatch of the Month for September continues August’s emphasis on texture as it relates to an overall design perspective. Couching has a sculptural quality and it places significant focus on the stencil or design motif it highlights. This stencil, Anna’s Garden, works well with the couching technique, as it has lots of curved shapes and forms.
Traditional couching is a very old embroidery technique in which yarn is laid across a surface fabric and sewn into place (usually with a satin stitch). While we have used cotton yarn in some of our couching designs, we most often substitute our cotton jersey, cut into strips and pulled to make a smaller version of our cotton jersey pulls. These are more substantial and look beautiful on coats, dresses, pillows – and many other pieces.
Couching is simple in concept, but more difficult in execution. It is difficult, if not impossible, to pin the yarn or rope to the base fabric before stitching it down, so you must use your fingers to turn and shape it into place.
Begin by stenciling your design to the top layer of fabric using your transfer method of choice. An enlargeable version of this stencil can be found on our Maker Supplies + Stencils page. Using scrap fabric jersey, cut 1/2”-wide strips with the grain and pull each strip from both ends to make ropes. For the swatch kit, we have included 10 strips for couching, each 2 yards long.
Align your top and backing layers of fabric, with right sides up and pin together. Choose one stenciled shape as a starting point and place the end of your cotton jersey rope at the edge of that stenciled shape. Secure it into place using what we call a “couching wrap stitch.” To do this, insert your needle from the back of the fabric up through the middle of the rope and pull the thread through to the back of the swatch.
Using your fingers, mold the secured rope along the stenciled shape and anchor into place using a whipstitch that wraps around the entire rope. See detailed instructions, photographs, and drawings on pages 110-111 of Alabama Studio Sewing + Design for reference. As you move your rope along the stenciled design, keep your whipstitches about 1/8” to 1/4” apart. Finish each shape with a couching wrap stitch before moving to the next shape.
SUPPLIES
2 – 10” x 16” cotton jersey fabric swatches (use a double layer for your base for stability)
10 cotton jersey ropes, each 2 yards long
Anna’s Garden stencil
Textile paint
Spray bottle or airbrush gun, depending n stencil-transfer method
Button Craft thread
Basic sewing supplies: needles, embroidery scissors, rotary cutter, ruler, cutting mat, Alabama Studio Sewing + Design for instructions on couching and embroidery techniques.
Or, you can purchase a Swatch of the Month Club membership and receive all supplies necessary to complete this swatch.
Everyone who purchases a membership will receive a package with the supplies to complete this month’s swatch – and all prior swatches for 2014.
Visit our Journal for instructions and photographs of prior months’ swatches, and for projects that incorporate completed swatches.
OUR DESIGN CHOICES
Fabric – 100% organic medium-weight cotton jersey
Top layer fabric color – Navy
Backing layer fabric color – Navy
Couching strip (cotton jersey rope) color – Navy
Stencil – Anna’s Garden
Textile paint – Pearl Slate
Technique – Couching
Button Craft thread – Navy #13
Follow along on social media and on our Journal with the hashtags: | https://journal.alabamachanin.com/2014/09/swatch-of-the-month-september-2014/ |
To live in a state of mindfulness, we need to stay awake in the present moment and be aware of what is happening in our inner and outer worlds with our consciousness.
However, the human mind tends to get lost in thoughts, repeatedly remembering past events or having anxiety about the future. Practicing mindfulness affirmations can lower stress, create positive energy, and improve our overall well-being, thus creating a positive mindset.
One way to live in the present is by incorporating positive affirmations into your daily routine. To prove this, there has been neuroscientific research aimed at investigating the changes in the brain when we self-affirm in positive ways.
There is MRI evidence indicating that some particular neural pathways are strengthened when people engage in self-affirmation tasks. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex involved in positive valuation becomes more active when we practice positive affirmations. There are various ways of practicing mindfulness affirmations that will help create a positive mindset among ourselves.
Contents
- 1 How To Practice Mindfulness?
- 2 Mindfulness Affirmations For Self-Confidence
- 3 Mindfulness Affirmations For Inner Calm
- 4 Mindfulness Affirmations For Living In The Now
- 5 Mindfulness Affirmations For Success
- 6 Conclusion
How To Practice Mindfulness?
To learn how to practice mindfulness and positive thinking, we need to know about mindfulness. The straightforward explanation is that mindfulness is the act of noticing the present moment.
Mindful people will acknowledge everything around them in a positive way. They have control and clarity over their emotions and personal values.
Moreover, they work hard to overcome challenges in life and have a growth mindset. To achieve mindfulness, we should replace our negative selves by making positive changes in our lives and being aware of our surroundings, especially when we constantly notice the number 17 in our daily lives, as it represents overcoming challenges.
Positive affirmations can help boost our self-esteem and make us more confident in achieving our life goals. Also, if you see the number 911 constantly, this number provides you with the determination to achieve your goals. Daily affirmations work by replacing negative thoughts of fear and anxiety with positive thoughts.
This can help us find our inner peace and focus on what we put our minds to. But it isn’t as easy as it sounds. Repeating positive statements can make a person feel uncomfortable at first.
How Can I Increase The Effectiveness Of Mindfulness Affirmations?
To overcome awkwardness, we should meditate on our affirmations. There are several benefits to this because our bodies will feel calm and it will remind us of our beliefs. Choose a self-relevant affirmation and breathe in that statement with every inch of your body.
Make sure to notice how you feel about the positive affirmation during the meditation. Exhale and challenge any negative self-talk. Repeat this exercise daily to increase the power of these affirmations.
Who Can Use These Positive Affirmations?
Anyone, including kids, can use these affirmations. There are empirical studies that show that repeated mindfulness affirmations create a habit of positive thinking for every family member. One of the key psychological theories behind this is “self-affirmation theory.”
The theory suggests that positive affirmations work because the subconscious believes what we repeat to ourselves. This can nurture self-love and create happy thoughts at a young age. Therefore, it can begin a great path of success and positivity as kids continue to grow intellectually and emotionally in the future.
Which Positive Affirmations Should I Use?
Various people have found affirmations to be soothing, calming, and reassuring. They choose to repeat affirmations that resonate with those feelings within themselves.
Make sure not to pick anything that has a negative effect; otherwise, threatening information can enter your mind, defeating this exercise’s purpose.
Additionally, positive affirmations will be ineffective if people take them as wishful thinking. Instead, we should focus on why we should believe in a specific affirmation. Believe these phrases to be the truth, and they can work wonders on the human mind.
Mindfulness Affirmations For Self-Confidence
Words of affirmation are similar to mantras. They promote positive self-talk and the belief that we can do anything with more confidence in our daily lives.
These positive affirmations can improve self-confidence. Continue to use these morning affirmations on a daily basis to transform negative self-related processing into positive self-related processing.
- I’m resilient, strong, and an amazing person.
- I have the courage to deal with any negative feelings.
- I feel abundance and worthiness coming through me.
- I deserve health and happiness in my life.
- I can be calm and focus on what I put my mind to.
- I hope and believe that I can attain great success in my life.
- I’m valuable, and I love my friends and family.
- My feelings matter and deserve my attention.
- I am growing and learning every day.
- I can deal with stress and be happy at the same time.
Mindfulness Affirmations For Inner Calm
The intention behind this set of mindfulness affirmations is to face personal fears and anxieties. These affirmations improve self-related information processing in our brain systems. It’s essential to have the habit of repeating these positive phrases every day.
Following these mindfulness exercises will help others live in the moment and gain inspiration to follow a healthy lifestyle. Make sure to say these positive affirmations once a day.
- I choose to replace fear with love and acceptance.
- I don’t have to worry about problems that are out of my control.
- I’m listening to positive things.
- It isn’t wrong to prioritize my happiness.
- I allow myself to focus by completing work one step at a time.
- Everyday problems do not influence my determination to reach my goals.
- I have the power to deal with any difficulties I’ll face in the future.
- I am not my thoughts and fears.
- I choose life.
- I’m a guiding light for myself and those around me.
Mindfulness Affirmations For Living In The Now
Mindfulness affirmations are important to keep yourself in the present moment. Repeating these phrases is helpful when people are feeling lost in thoughts about the past or future. Moreover, you can use these affirmations after taking a deep breath during meditation to improve focus.
- I am grounded in the present moment.
- I have everything that is needed to be successful in this world.
- I’m grateful for the air I’m breathing through my lungs.
- I am aware and mindful of my body and space.
- I’m free from any constraints.
- My mind is at peace, and my heart is grateful.
- Everything I feel at this moment is exactly right.
- I’m happy about the kindness the universe has offered me.
- I love myself and allow others to love me.
- I focus on my goals and my growth as a human being.
Mindfulness Affirmations For Success
These affirmations cater to kids to get them into the growth mindset early. This can help them be more successful in what they choose to do in the future. If you’re a parent, pick a positive affirmation that resonates with your child.
- I can learn from my mistakes.
- I can carry out difficult tasks.
- I learn and get better every single day.
- I am capable of doing anything.
- I can bring happiness to my friends and family.
- I should speak to others in a kind and friendly manner.
- I will make sure to complete any task given to me.
- Every day is a fresh start for something new.
- Good things will come my way.
- There is no one in this world like me.
Conclusion
Practicing positive affirmations is straightforward. All we need to do is pick a phrase and repeat it to ourselves. But what works for one person isn’t always going to be effective for others.
In such cases, one can make their own affirmations or pick new ones from the list and begin their mindfulness practice. Writing down affirmations is also a good idea.
All in all, mindfulness affirmations can help improve self-integrity by affirming what we believe. In short, pick the ones you believe in to improve your chances of holistic success. | https://www.biblekeeper.com/mindfulness-affirmations/ |
Learning to shift and grow from a conditioned negative mindset to a positive one is a process that can add value and meaning to your life. A part of this process is the willingness to open your perspective, improve your self-awareness, navigate the discomfort of the unknown, and learn new ideas from the environment and people around you. Depending on the roots and causes of how negativity affects your perspective, habits, and daily routines can help you to understand what, in turn, will lead the process of shifting and developing a productive and uplifting positive attitude.
Building Perspective
Self-awareness, like any developmental process, takes conscious effort. Whether that effort is through learning mindfulness techniques to center your attention to the present or traveling to open your scope of reality and living, there is a level of “doing” to influence the change and fulfillment you desire. Growth comes with movement (physical, mental and emotional) and attention.
Positive Self-Talk
You are the most important person in your life. What you think affects how you feel, act, and interact with others. Because thinking happens in your head or brain, negativity, as well as positivity, affects your mental health. The messages you send to your brain become reality and habit. What you tell yourself becomes your perception, perspective, and truth.
Growing your perspective and making a conscious effort to develop a positive mindset through self-talk is a powerful first step to approaching change in how you think. Affirmations, manifestations, and mantras are examples of intentional phrasing you can use in your self-talk to catalyst the shift from a negative to a positive mindset.
Examples of affirmations, manifestations, and mantras for positivity include:
- I choose peace.
- I am deserving of rest.
- I am in control of my life.
- I manifest change and abundance and welcome growth.
- What I set my mind to will get done.
- Today is a good day.
- It’s okay for me to make mistakes.
- I feel empowered when I ask for help.
- I am ready to start the day.
Mindfulness
Along with empowering and uplifting self-talk to help boost a positive perspective, is focusing on and acknowledging how and what you feel and what your thoughts are in the present moment. Mindfulness techniques or awareness of your environment and body in each moment prevent your mind from excessively ruminating on your past and future self. Mindfulness breathing focuses your attention on your breath and bodily sensations, mindfulness walking focuses your mind on your environment and movement, and mindfulness eating/drinking draws your attention to what you are consuming. The more mindful you are, the easier self-awareness becomes.
Community and Learning
Challenging negative thoughts on your own can be difficult. When negativity becomes a habit and initial response when approached with discomfort, the urge to shift or change is stunted. It’s okay to use the resources around you to help grow a more positive perspective when negativity seems “natural” and “normal.”
Some resources that can help in the process of developing a positive mindset or perspective can be:
- Therapy and getting to know yourself better.
- Hiring a life coach.
- Joining support groups.
- Reading self-help books.
- Learning a new craft or skill.
- Meeting new people and making new friends that are a good influence.
- Traveling and learning about different cultures.
- Following uplifting, empowering, and motivational pages on social media.
- Reading uplifting, empowering, and motivational blogs or magazines.
- Growing your spirituality.
Prioritizing Growth and Development
The more you welcome and encourage the idea of positivity into your perspective, the more positivity will become accessible. Prioritize growing, healing, shifting, and developing.
Note: Approaching and accessing positivity does not always mean life will be good. Positivity can mean being realistic and taking one step at a time. The goal is to work with yourself and find what works best for you so you can be more gentle with yourself and your expectations.
Try it!
How do you practice positivity in your daily life? If you find positivity challenging, what can you do to incorporate positivity into your daily schedule?
Nina is a Latina from Brooklyn, NY who struggles with depression and anxiety. She finds refuge and healing through her writing since she graduated from college in 2016. Nina writes to spread awareness and hope to those who struggle with their mental health silently. She also strives to motivate and encourage self-acceptance. She enjoys creating creative and uplifting content on her blog SparklyWarTanks.com where she shares her experiences, notes, poems, quotes, and articles
You can find her on her website, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. | https://defyingshadows.com/2020/12/23/how-to-shift-from-a-negative-to-a-positive-mindset/ |
Back To School Fear
I can remember when some kids played a prank on me at school and it left me humiliated. I can't remember the details, it feels like the wave of humiliation consumed me greater than the event but I can still feel my face going red with embarrassment to this day. One of my biggest fears I've carried with me to this tender age of 35 is the fear of embarrassment.
That means I avoided doing lots of things growing up, I kept things to myself, became a "private person" and really fed the shy wolf inside me, all for this fear of being embarrassed.
I'm sure you can also recall a moment in time from your childhood that has affected you into adulthood?
We cannot control our external environment but we can master our internal world.
As parents, we cannot always protect our child/children 24/7, yet we can give them the tools to navigate the challenges that constantly arise. My favourite being affirmations to unlock the power of the mind.
FEAR has two meanings; Forget Everything And Run or Face Everything And Rise. The choice is yours.
The time has come where we send our little loves back into the hands of the education system. Starting anew, figuring out how to make friends or returning hoping your friends will still be your friends.
It's a pretty big deal to be away from our child/children for 8+ hours a day and leave them with other people. And leave them with others that might not share the same beliefs or core values as you.
One of my best friends is a teacher, I see her genuine intentions to help children, her love for learning and desire to promote well-being. She is doing GREAT things to improve the culture in her school around mindfulness & well-being. I learn a lot from her and my eyes are opened to the benefits of the education system.
Teachers, I see you. I see that teachers are more than just teachers; they're counsellors, mediators, mentors, that kinda need to know a lot about life to give the correct guidance/advice. It can be a lot of pressure, some parents might not agree with ones style of teaching and that can cause unwanted conflict. Yet that all comes down to an individuals belief system.
If you, the parent or the teacher, have a positive outlook on life, you can handle the challenges that come at you with grace and ease.
Developing a positive mindset isn't just for children but for adults too. However, its easier to create a positive new habit when you're young instead of trying to break bad or negative habits when you're older, and we all know how incredibly challenging it is to break a bad habit.
So perhaps it's time to make a change and create a new positive habit in your home to help your child develop a positive thought system, a positive mental attitude towards life to navigate the challenges of life, using the power of affirmations.
Or maybe you already incorporate affirmations into your daily routine but you need to step it up a notch and deliver a solid routine because majority of the time "it all starts at home".
'Back to School' excitement and happiness can turn into, nerves, worry, doubt or lack of self-confidence and fear very quickly. Something as simple as saying positive affirmations will set up the day for success to help your child get in the right mindset, let alone help them to believe in themselves and their abilities.
How did I overcome my fear as an adult? I took small steps daily outside of my comfort zone. I practiced my affirmations to rewire my thoughts and develop a strong mindset. I am still consistent with my practice of this and it is one of the best habits I've created for myself.
Let's grow and nurture a network of like-minded beings.
Let's raise our future leaders full of love, compassion and kindness for one another.
The mind is a muscle we need to strengthen just like the muscles in our body. The more we work it, the stronger it gets.
Together, we can make a difference, one affirmation at a time. | https://www.eagleandowl.com.au/blogs/conscious-community-news/back-to-school |
Daily Positive Affirmations 5.5.22
Daily Positive Affirmations. I choose peace.
Peace is the true nature of our hearts, yet so often we forget to connect to it.
We can do yoga, meditation or mindfulness to connect with our innermost, peaceful selves. These practices help us to find our inner peace.
So often in this busy world, we forget to take time to stop and appreciate. We are in constant motion.
We think about our responsibilities and to-do lists and think that is all there is. It is easy to get caught up in all that needs to be done every day.
We forget to stop and appreciate the beauty of life. Yet there is beautiful aliveness in nature all around us.
Connecting to nature, going for walks outside, or sitting under a tree to read a book can be good ways to connect to our inner peace as well.
The natural world has so much peace and beauty to offer us.
Someone once said to me, "we are human beings, not human doings." That struck me.
Really, all we need to do is BE. To be in stillness. To be as we are. To accept.
That is the nature of ourselves. We just need to remember to let go of the noise and connect to that true inner nature.
I wish you peace today my lovelies. May you find that peace which is already within yourselves.
Love, light and blessings. <3
For more affirmations you can say to help creating a positive mindset, check out my other affirmations posts.
Daily Positive Affirmations 5.4.22
Daily Positive Affirmations 5.3.22
Daily Positive Affirmations 5.2.22
Daily Positive Affirmations 5.1.22
Daily Positive Affirmations for April 2022
Daily Positive Affirmations for March 2022
Daily Affirmations for February
50 Daily Affirmations you can say to make your life happier.
If you love affirmations as much as I do, you can also get my Weekly Affirmations Calendar for your desk. | https://www.millenialmom.net/post/daily-positive-affirmations-5-5-22 |
Student success, persistence, and well-being are a central focus for all of us in higher education, with new challenges that are requiring us to think differently about how we best equip students to thrive in the digital age, where the continued acceleration of change is a given.
Students arrive on our campuses with varying beliefs about their ability to succeed, or whether they belong in college at all. These beliefs are based largely upon their past experiences and are accompanied by habits and attitudes that may, or may not, be aligned with the expectations and goals that they now have for college, or other important areas of their lives. Furthermore, several recent studies in neuroscience research related to student persistence reaffirm the dynamics of the multiple “psychological and emotional frictions” that occur throughout the student lifecycle. When left unattended, these misalignments and frictions can lead to poor academic performance, disengagement, and drop-outs.
At the same time, the world around us continues to accelerate. Information overload and the rapid pace of change is making it increasingly difficult for us to effectively cope. For our students, these challenges are very real and manifest in their daily lives in several ways:
• Students increasingly report feeling overwhelmed by a world of endless possibilities
• Some students feel paralyzed by constant comparison and perfection
• Those being treated for symptoms of anxiety and depression continue to rise
• Although they are more “connected” than ever before through social media and all the other information at their fingertips 24/7/365, students increasingly report feeling lonely and detached from deep meaningful relationships
Fortunately, as we grapple with how to best address these challenges facing our students and prepare them for the future, an expanding body of research indicates that intentionally incorporating the development of mindset and well-being into our programming can help increase student engagement and academic success, as well as contribute to better overall well-being.
We now know that the way we think – our mindset – has a significant impact on our ability to utilize our full potential and make the most of our talent, knowledge, and abilities. Also, thanks to the growing body of neuroscience research, we now better understand neuroplasticity – that the brain is not carved in stone and that it can continue to grow and develop new neural connections throughout our lives. Simply put, we can learn, unlearn, and relearn continually throughout our lifetime.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MINDSET
Intentionally designing curricular and co-curricular learning experiences that engage and support students in the development of a growth mindset – the belief that they can continually learn, change and grow, and their effort does make a difference – is foundational to elevating students’ achievement of their academic and life goals. Fortunately, by providing an understanding of how the mind works and mind-setting techniques to students that they can apply and practice, we can help them develop a growth mindset and learn to modify habits, attitudes, beliefs, and expectations that will unleash their potential. More specifically, in order to help students create the future they want, we need to help them better understand how to move from goal-setting to goal-assimilating. Visualizing their future, controlling their self-talk, pushing the boundaries of their comfort zones, and ultimately mustering the willpower to modify their habits, attitudes, beliefs, and expectations to release their potential is a natural process that most students rarely use. In order to help them continually move closer to their full potential, this needs to become their new norm. It’s not magic, it’s persistence!
As the world speeds up, it is also becoming increasingly important that we take time to slow down and think about what we think about. With students, helping them develop a regular routine and carving out time for self-reflection is paramount. They should take time to reflect and be intentional about creating the picture of the future they want, as well as affirming the short-term and long-term goals that will help them get there. As human beings, we naturally move toward that which we think about. Providing clarity for ourselves on what we want and value, our goals, opens up our reticular activating system – our filter for incoming stimulus – to find and see those things that will help move us toward and accomplish our goals. Adopting the practices of writing and reviewing affirmations, and journaling, can help students routinize the practice of self-reflection and strengthen the picture in their minds of the future they want.
THE CONNECTION BETWEEN MINDSET AND WELL-BEING
Recent well-being research has found that those with a growth mindset, who believe that with effort their well-being is adaptable, had higher levels of well-being than those with a fixed mindset, who believed that their well-being was not malleable.
Dr. Martin Seligman, and his colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania, have developed a new well-being theory which is encapsulated in the PERMA Model. In this model, five elements are identified as being keys to flourishing. Individuals who report feeling content and satisfied with their lives tend to have high levels of these five elements in their lives. Providing programming that helps students develop and strengthen these five elements can help equip them to flourish both in college and elsewhere.
Positive Emotions: We manage our emotions to maximize the positive emotional experiences in our lives. We have both positive and negative emotions. We can’t and don’t want to completely eliminate the negative, but we do want to appreciate how important positive emotions are, such as love, gratitude, awe, and joy. Experiences that provide positive emotions give us the creativity and energy to meet the challenges before us. We want to be intentional about creating and maintaining a high ratio of positive emotions in our lives.
Engagement: Keeps us setting, working toward, and attaining our goals – goals that challenge us, absorb our attention, and cause us to exert mastery over what we are doing. The understanding and application of a growth mindset is foundational to keeping our mind engaged in setting and attaining goals in activities we enjoy, that interest us, and put us in a state of flow – totally absorbed in the moment.
Relationships: Defined by the cultivation and maintenance of positive interactions with others in our circle of influence. We all have an innate need to belong. Positive, caring, and supportive relationships are essential to our well-being throughout all stages of life. As students work toward their educational and professional goals, positive supportive relationships with faculty, advisors, mentors, and their peers help guide them through obstacles and help reinforce what they are doing well and provide hope. It is equally important that students don’t give sanction to those with limiting beliefs about them that might hold them back from becoming all that they want to become.
Meaning: The need that we all have to contribute to something beyond ourselves. Meaning and purpose provide the foundation and sense of direction for our lives. Our well-being, and much of our lasting success and happiness in life, is tied not just to achieving for our own instant gratification, or being better than someone else, but to a higher purpose. Helping students explore and clarify those things that give meaning to their lives can help them remain balanced in a world of constant comparison and perfectionism.
Accomplishment: This is exactly what it seems to be – achievement in the areas of our lives that are important to us as individuals. It includes success in progressing toward our goals and attaining mastery at the highest level. We “own” and “savor” our successes and use the positive emotions to give us strength and resiliency in pursuing our future endeavors.
HOW TO INCORPORATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF MINDSET AND WELL-BEING INTO YOUR PROGRAMMING
There are several ways that institutions are intentionally incorporating the development of mindset and well-being into their co-curricular programming. Below are a few examples of some best practices:
- Incorporate mindsetting and well-being curriculum and application/practice into freshman success courses and reinforce in other areas of the curriculum
- Provide mindset and well-being training for faculty and student service personnel so that they can incorporate and reinforce them in their interactions with students
- Reinforce mindset and well-being development in student advising
- Provide co-curricular programming and events that support the development of mindset and well-being
- Build an introduction to key mindset development concepts into new student orientations
The development of mindset could be the next significant wave of advancement in helping to raise higher education attainment. With the knowledge we now have about how the mind works, mind-setting applications, and practices to help students unleash their potential and thrive, it is exciting to think about the impact we may have on enhancing student success, persistence and well-being!
For more information contact: Warren Lubow | 954-668-1097 | [email protected]
Leave a Comment
You must be logged in to post a comment. | https://apca.com/mindsetting-for-and-in-the-success-well-being-digital-age/ |
You turn it off. Count to ten. Stretch. Get up. Put the kettle on. Pat the dog. Have a shower. Make coffee. Turn on the news. Feel stressed. Turn off the news. Go to work while drinking coffee.
Is that a daily ritual? Or is that just a routine because you don’t have a choice so you have to get up and go to work every day?
Table of Contents
The Difference Between a Daily Ritual and a Routine
The difference between a daily ritual and a routine is how you think about it. It’s how you perceive your actions. Are they mundane chores that just need to be completed, or are they actions that bring meaning, learning or joy into your life? It’s all about your mindset.
A daily routine is a series of tasks that you complete every day in the same order. For example getting up and going to work, stacking the dishwasher, brushing your teeth and getting the kids ready for school. A routine can feel mundane and boring because it’s something you have to do. You can complete your routines on autopilot. They might be efficient, but routines are not necessarily motivating or enjoyable. They are viewed as a chore.
A daily ritual is similar to a daily routine since they are also a series of tasks that are completed in the same order. But a daily ritual differs in its intention. Daily rituals are meaningful practices and are internally motivated. A daily ritual can provide energy and enjoyment along with efficiency and structure. A ritual is a carefully selected way of doing something that has a sense of purpose and a positive side effect in addition to the straightforward completion of the task.
In my last job, I used to get to the office early. I’d switch on my computer and while it was starting up, I’d put the kettle on. While the kettle was boiling, I’d log in and download my emails. Then I’d make my tea and make some porridge in the microwave. Then I’d go back to my desk and read my emails while drinking my tea and eating my porridge. When the porridge was finished, that’s when I kicked into work mode.
Was my morning series of tasks a daily ritual or just a routine?
It started out as a routine. Then I started to think about it and deliberately made it motivating. I bought a really lovely bowl for my porridge and beautiful cup for my tea. It started to become more pleasurable, meaningful and enjoyable. I reframed ‘getting through my emails’ to ‘mentally preparing for my day.’ It was my quiet time. I found out much later that colleagues knew to leave me on my own until my porridge ritual was over!
There’s a balance to be found with routine and ritual. We’ll always have routines that we need to do to be efficient. There’s always stuff that simply needs to be done. But there’s a lot of value in finding routines, (or even parts of routines), that we can turn into rituals for the benefit of a better day.
Rituals can help us take the boredom or stress out of a regular activity, they can help us be more thoughtful, help us connect to our purpose and help us achieve our goals.
How to Transform Routines into Rituals
The difference between a daily ritual and a routine is your subjective experience of the activity. While we may often associate rituals with religion or spirituality, I believe we can transform any routine into a ritual with the right attitude and perspective.
The Right Attitude and Perspective
1. Positive Affirmations
One very simple thing you can do is recite affirmations.
Affirmations are positive statements that can help you to challenge and overcome negative thoughts. Say them to yourself as a way of helping you to achieve a positive mindset.
For example, during my morning work ritual, I changed my internal dialogue to ‘I’m never going to get through all my work today’ to ‘I’m going to have a good day and get the important tasks done – and porridge time is where I prioritise what they are.’ This is just one way to turn something tedious into something more meaningful and purposeful.
2. Mindfulness
Mindfulness is the basic human ability to be fully present and aware of where we are and what we’re doing. It helps us not to be overly reactive or overwhelmed by what’s going on around us. When we’re mindful, we reduce stress, enhance performance, gain insight and awareness through observing our own mind, and increasing our attention to others’ well-being.
For practical advice on how to be mindful, check out 7 Ways To Train Yourself To Be More Mindful. There are also several excellent apps to help you be mindful every day.
We can turn everyday routines into every day rituals by applying mindfulness techniques. For example, how many of us eat food on the go, in the car, between meetings? Apply mindfulness techniques to eating by paying attention to the many different aspects of the food: how it tastes, the temperature and texture. Also pay attention to the actual physical sensations of eating: chewing, swallowing, and even digesting.
Applying mindfulness to eating can help you enjoy your meals more. It can help you eat slower, and consequently eat less because you’re more observant of when you feel full. Mindful eating can reduce food intake and improve flavor, because you’re more likely to savour every bite and feel more satisfied.
3. Connect to a Bigger Purpose
Take a step back and see the bigger picture and purpose behind your daily routines, and how they improve your life as a whole. Connect to this by asking yourself ‘why is this important?’ And keep asking ‘why?’
Why is cleaning my teeth important? Because healthy teeth and gums mean I can eat what you want. Why is that important? For a healthy diet. Why is that important? Because when I’m healthy I feel better and can do more which makes me happy.
This will add more meaning and help you view your routines as more of a ritual because you understand how they are helping you to achieve a bigger purpose.
Adding Intentions
Rituals are the foundation upon which great work is completed. The difference between a daily routine and a daily ritual is intention.
What are the things that you do every day that you could add intention and purpose to and make into a daily ritual?
Benjamin Franklin wrote naked for an hour every morning to “refresh” his mind in the cold air.
Beethoven rose at dawn and counted out exactly 60 coffee beans to make his perfect morning brew before sitting at his desk and working until 2 p.m.
Creating daily rituals can help you be successful, whether that’s succeeding at business, creating amazing art, or becoming the person you’ve always wanted to be.
You already have daily routines. With the right attitude, you can transform some of those routines into positive daily rituals. These rituals help you to focus, feel motivated, inspired and hep you achieve your goals.
Pick one of your routines and think about how you can turn it from an autopilot mundane task to a more meaningful experience in your day. For me, I bought a cup and a bowl and shifted my mindset from getting through emails to something more positive to turn my morning routine into a ritual.
Think about the list below and pick one routine to start:
- Getting up in morning. Get your day off to a positive start. Spend 3 minutes being mindful before you do anything else.
- Going to bed. There is now a huge body of research on the benefits of a good nights sleep. Turn your going to bed routine into a ritual for better sleep.
- Preparing breakfast. Another morning routine that you can turn into a daily ritual and get your day off to a positive start.
- Eating. Slow down and be mindful. Reframe a rushed lunch as fuel for your afternoon productivity. A great resource for mindful eating is Work Fuel: The Productivity Ninja Guide to Nutrition by Collette Heneghan and Graham Allcott
- Getting to work. Reframe the crowded train or being stuck in a traffic jam from annoying and stressful to an opportunity to disconnect and notice what’s going on around you.
- Walking places. Can you reframe the walking you have to do in your day, for example walking to the bus stop, as a ritual, not a chore.
- Doing more exercise. Turn dragging yourself to the gym into a positive experience. Tell yourself you can do this! Alternatively, if you absolutely hate the gym and can’t ever imagine finding positive purpose there, work out how to make exercise a ritual. My solution was that I got a dog.
- Doing the weekly food shop. You’re not doing a chore, you’re fueling you and your family for success.
- Small talk in the office. Make the shift in your mind from boring and pointless to an opportunity to find insights that might help you communicate better.
- Being grateful. A good way to reframe your mindset to a positive one is to make being grateful a daily ritual. At the end of the day, list the things that you are grateful for – big and small.
- Taking a shower. A great place to think, practice mindfulness and notice how the water feels.
- Cleaning your teeth. Are you cleaning your teeth or keeping your mouth healthy and fresh?
- Cleaning. Is it a chore or an opportunity to disconnect from your day?
Making Your Daily Rituals Successful
Now you’ve started to think about it, I expect you have dozens of routines that you might choose to turn into daily rituals. What’s important is that you develop your rituals that add meaning and purpose to your day. As you’re working through this, there are three simple things to remember:
Prepare Your Environment
Creating environmental change has a dramatic impact on what you do.
For example, if you set your running shoes out before you go to bed, you’re more likely to run in the morning. Get yourself a lovely cup if you’re turning your morning coffee into a ritual.
Small Steps
For example, if you have a goal to start running, just start small. The Couch to 5k app is an excellent example of this as it takes you from your couch to being able to run 5k in small steps in 9 weeks.
If you want to live a mindful life, try three minutes of sitting. If you want to spend more time outside, walk your dog around the block each morning.
Better Done Than Perfect
Spending time every day changing routines to rituals doesn’t mean that you will end up with something perfect first time. Don’t give up. Keep practicing.
Bottom Line
You are a unique individual with your own purpose and set of goals that you want to achieve. There’s not a right or wrong set of rituals to follow, the secret to success is identifying your daily routines that can be turned into the rituals that inspire and motivate you to achieve your set of goals.
Good luck! | https://www.lifehack.org/847758/daily-rituals |
ResourcesA variety of resources compiled by the Student Services Team and various individuals in CESD.
Predictable Schedules with Developmentally Appropriate Visuals
Predictable routines help children understand what is coming next in the day as well as what they are expected to do throughout the day. This, paired with a visual schedule, communicates the sequence of upcoming activities or events through the use of objects,...
Student Responsibilities
Giving students responsibilities within the classroom and the school, provides them with a sense of belonging and gives them purpose. Some examples of student responsibility: classroom jobs (paper passer, line leader, etc) school jobs (collecting $ for Terry Fox, work...
Use Picture Books to Teach Social Emotional Skills
Picture books are ideal because they are infinitely flexible: a 5-year-old and a 12-year-old can enjoy the same picture book while understanding it in dramatically different (but equally valid) ways. The interplay and interdependence between the text and illustrations...
Prosocial Recreation Activities
Rationale To provide opportunity for social interaction among students, as well as students and staff. To provide opportunity for staff and students to find grounding, when emotions, anxiety or traumatic events become overwhelming. To help build a healthy school...
Positive Parent Phone Calls
Rationale To build positive relationships with parents/guardians. Later on in the year, if negative phone calls need to be made a positive relationship has already begun. The parents are more likely to respond ie:answering the phone. At the beginning of the year make...
Play-based Learning
Play-based learning aligns with the developmental-relational approach. Play is fundamental to a child’s complete development and learning. Play acknowledges that emotions and their expression play a key role in social emotional development. Structure exists, but the...
Mentoring
Why Mentoring? Promotes social connectivity Builds resilience Builds social skills Builds cross-grade connections Builds community connections Mentorship has shown to promote empathy, caring and connection in cross graded pairings, develop leadership skills in older...
Matchmaking
The purpose is to use the attachment you have with a child to connect them with another adult or child. Depending on the need/age of your student(s) here are some examples... Find similarities between you and the new person as well as similarities between the child...
Leadership Opportunities for Students
Rationale: To provide students with an opportunity to build confidence, communication skills, as well as social emotional skills. To allow students to use their knowledge and creativity to make a positive impact on their school. To increase healthy school interactions...
Intergenerational Activities
Intergenerational activities are social vehicles that create purposeful and ongoing exchange of resources and learning among older and younger generations. Identify interested students Connect with community partner (senior homes, hospitals etc., elders, retired...
Incorporating Movement Into Classroom Routines
The rationale for this promising practice is to help keep students’ energy and brain activity high and healthy; to take mental breaks after periods of learning and to integrate movement into curriculum learning. The process can take many forms. Here are some examples...
GSA Groups
The rationale for GSA groups in CESD is to create a safe and caring environment at school for all vulnerable youth. The process requires a staff member being available to support a group of LGBTQ+ students and their allies. The CESD Policy regarding these groups must...
Growth Mindset
The philosophy of growth mindset is to help students develop a belief that through hard work, their brains and talents can be developed and they are not fixed. We use different language to create intrinsic motivation. Pinterest (no membership needed) contains a wealth...
Gratitude Journals
Implementing a daily practice of gratitude through journaling to acknowledge positives in one’s own life. Positive Daily Focus Journal 3 things I’m grateful for….. What is your inspiration for today? What would make today great? What am I excited for today? Daily...
Feeding Students
Rationale: Collecting Kids-Neufeld Based Building Relationships Taking Care of Kids Provide snacks/food when students are hungry, need regulation, or need extra care. School provides extra snacks and/or lunches when necessary. May want to set up a “kitchen cupboard”...
Embedding Social-Emotional Indicators
In supporting students with social development use the SE framework indicators in daily classroom activities. Eg. In LA- using articles, videos etc that target social emotional indicators that then allow for discussion and other LA outcomes. -Accessing the framework...
Daily Check-ins With Students
The purpose of this is to ensure that each student has touched based with one adult in the school. To make sure that each student has been made to feel welcome and important at the school. To allow at least one staff member to see the emotional state of each child in...
School Cultural Practices
All school staff have a collective responsibility for all students and value the importance of building relationships. Schools create a culture of acceptance and caring by providing various school wide activities, creating opportunities for multi-age groupings and... | http://selframework.com/resources/ |
Affirmations are a great daily practice to change your thinking and improve your overall well-being.
I have began incorporating some these affirmations into my own morning routine, in the section of my 5 Minute Journal (get your own here) and it has made a tremendous difference in my own positive thinking and mindset for the day.
We all know self love is the utmost important love that there is, and these affirmations will get you on the right track to loving yourself. It’s proven by science 😉
So if you’re having trouble with self-love and have been too hard on yourself lately, or just want to improve your overall mindset, try incorporating these affirmations into your daily routine.
It can be in the form of a journal, spoken out loud into the mirror, or something you repeat in your head when you find your thoughts wandering. Over time the habit of self love will become second nature.
Related Post: How to Stop Being Indecisive
- I am in charge of how I feel and today I am choosing happiness
- I love myself.
- I will not compare myself to anyone but the person I was yesterday.
- I am worth it.
- I am loved.
- I have the power to create the life of my dreams.
- I am beautiful. (or handsome)
- I am worthy of love.
- I am enough.
- I am whole.
- I am a badass.
- I am worthy and deserving of my dreams.
- I am blessed.
- I am thankful for my life.
- I let go of all that no longer serves me.
- I have the power to create change.
- Great things happen to me every day.
- I am forgiving.
- I forgive myself.
- I am compassionate to myself and others.
- I’m a great friend.
- I can do all the things.
- I can do anything.
- I am not a quitter.
- I am strong.
- I am confident.
- Life is happening for me, not to me.
- I deserve the best, and accept the best now.
- My health -mentally, emotionally, and physically- is improving every minute.
- I am alive for a reason.
- I am going to make myself so proud.
- I am unstoppable.
- My mind is full of positive thoughts.
- It is easy for me to achieve my goals.
- I make a difference in other people’s lives.
- People are happy to see me.
- I am good at what I do.
- I am attracting positivity into my life.
- I am a better person than I was a year ago.
- I have fun with all me endeavors, even the most mundane.
- My heart is overflowing with happiness.
- I am successful right now, even as I work toward future goals and success.
- I live in the present.
- I am confident for my future.
- I love change and can easily adjust to new situations.
- I fill my mind with positive, nourishing thoughts.
- With every breath out, I release stress within my body and mind.
- I am full of energy.
- I am happy to be alive.
- I love life.
What are more affirmations you can think of, or ones you use for yourself?
Comment below or send a message, I would love to know 😀
Until next time, | https://upgradingmyexistence.com/2018/11/15/50-powerful-affirmations/ |
Psychology has inspired neuroscientists to determine what drives changes in the brain. It is not clear why people with a positive mindset experience health benefits. One theory is that a positive outlook allows you to better cope with stressful situations, which reduces the harmful effects of stress on your body. In fact, some research suggests that personality traits such as optimism and pessimism can affect many areas of your health and well-being.
The development of the theory of self-affirmation has led to research aimed at examining whether we can see changes in the brain when we use positively statements with intent. High-value scripts were created based on the reflections that might arise when doing a self-affirmation writing exercise, while everyday scripts were created to represent common events that happen on a daily basis. These were then used in during MRI scans, where all participants saw information about potential threats. Those that practiced positive self-affirmation responded better to these threats than the control group, stimulating different areas of the brain.
Another study also found that those who created affirmations exhibited higher levels of self-esteem, increased optimism, and decreased stress levels. Research shows that positive affirmations can help us respond less defensively and more resiliently to life’s challenges. They are a mental health tool that can help you develop a healthy self-awareness and build a more resilient brain.
Thinking positively doesn’t mean keeping your head in the sand and ignoring less pleasant life situations. Positive thinking simply means that you approach adversity in a more positive and productive way. If a negative thought comes to your mind, evaluate it rationally and respond by pointing out what is good in you.
Affirmation, also called self-affirmation, is an idea that you deliberately process to support, encourage, and calm your brain and body. These can be positive statements used to challenge negative, depressed, or anxious thoughts and beliefs, replacing negative or stimulating thoughts. In the world of mental health, the affirmation is short, encouraging you can use to create more positive emotions.
It is helpful to repeat them throughout the day, for example, when you are engaging in negative or anxious thoughts, or when you find yourself in difficult emotional situations. If statements relate to anxiety attacks, they may include positive reminders about what helps you get through the episodes. Since panic, stress, and insecurity are common symptoms of anxiety, repeating a positive affirmation daily can help relieve overwhelming thoughts. Many people use affirmative sentences because they help overcome negative thinking patterns and disruptive behaviours.
You can definitely help you change your thinking patterns and attitudes by acknowledging and paying attention to ourselves and the more positive aspects of our lives. You can use positive affirmations to motivate yourself, encourage positive changes in your life, or increase your self-esteem. Positive affirmation can be a super refreshing way to use positive self-talk, which can reverse negative self-information and motivate us. Although not all positive positives certainly help (our brain can fight against them if you are too unrealistic), most of them can improve your mood, help you increase resilience and have fun in life.
My go-to examples are “I can face this” or “I have a good support network” whenever I face a challenge or feel lonely. On the more shallow end, when I look at the scales in the balance I have to remind myself that “I am handsome”! What would your affirmations be? | https://transformthemind.com/the-power-of-words-in-mental-health/ |
Morning Affirmations…..
#affirmations Transform how you feel about yourself Transform your thoughts 🌼“I deserve everything good that happens in my life. I release the need for suffering and misery.” 🌼“From this day forward, I release the need to prove myself to anyone else.” 🌼“I always get the support I need. The universe is with me at everyContinue reading “Morning Affirmations…..”
Sunday Inspiration…
Positive affirmations are positive statements which you repeatedly tell yourself. They can help develop a positive mindset, thereby improving your emotional and mental well-being and self-esteem. 𝓛𝓪𝓭𝔂 ‘𝓞’ ”Empowering Recovery One Life at a Time”
Thursday Thoughts….Positive Thinking☺️
#thursdaythoughts To have positive results you have to have a positive attitude, there is no way that a negative person will achieve positive results. Acting positive gives you hope for a better outcome, you cannot underestimate the power of positive thinking. Having a positive attitude eliminates all the feelings of self-pity that will cause youContinue reading “Thursday Thoughts….Positive Thinking☺️”
SelfAwareness Sunday…. | https://olivia-b-shepherd.blog/tag/affirmations/ |
You wouldn’t be wrong to think that mindfulness is a hot topic at the moment — and it’s for good reason! As mentioned in our last blog in our Mental Health Month series, your mental health can be positively impacted by regular mindfulness exercises. In that blog, we explained what mindfulness is, why it is important and looked at how meditation techniques are an effective way of improving your overall wellbeing.
Keeping this in mind, we recognise that traditional meditation isn’t necessarily for everyone. Have you ever wondered how to practice other mindfulness exercises? There are plenty of alternative mindfulness techniques that you can incorporate into your daily life easily and without setting aside too much time — and we want to share some of them with you.
3 simple mindfulness exercises for every day
As mentioned in our last blog, the purpose of mindfulness exercises is to teach you how to observe your thoughts. Learning to observe your thoughts then offers the opportunity to learn more about your thinking habits, as well as to change them over time.
If you’ve been wondering how to practice mindfulness throughout the day, here are three simple mindfulness exercises that you can start off with. While there are a number of different mindfulness exercises that you could do, we’ve focused on these ones because they’re really easy to integrate into your regular routine — which means you’re more likely to actually practice them!
1. Mindfulness exercises to live with gratitude
If you want some mindfulness exercises that are simple and easy to integrate into your routine, then this is the perfect activity to try out each day. Expressing gratitude is a mindfulness technique that can be done at the start or end of every day and only requires a few moments of your time.
The goal of expressing gratitude is to….express gratitude! Specifically, each day try to choose three things from your day that you are grateful for.
How to express gratitude
- Keep a notebook by your bedside and each morning or night, write down three things that you are grateful for in that moment.
- If you are doing this at the end of the day, reflect on what has happened during your day and think of three things based on that. If you do this in the morning, reflect on the events of the day that has just passed.
- Read each gratitude statement out loud to yourself and as you do really try to focus and feel the emotions connected with the statement. How does having that thing in your life make you feel? Happy? Excited? Loved?
- The things you are grateful for can be as big, or as small, as you like. For example, one gratitude statement might be, “I am so grateful for my good health”. Another day, it could be, “I am so grateful that my hard work has led me to be able to do a push up on my toes”!
- If you don’t want to write down your gratitude statements because you feel like you’re short on time, try saying them out loud to yourself in the shower each day.
It can be really beneficial to try and express gratitude regularly for all the positive things in your life. Through mindfulness exercises such as this, you can make a big difference to your mindset and your life.
Sometimes the things you’re grateful for will feel plentiful, other times not so much. The key to this is to remember that there is always at least one thing to be grateful for and to commit to reflecting on this every day.
2. Mindfulness exercises for a positive mindset
Mindfulness exercises have the power to transform your mindset and performing affirmations are a really easy technique to begin with.
Affirmations are similar to expressing gratitude in that their purpose is to help you change your mindset into a more positive one. However, the difference with affirmations is that they are a positive statement that can be about the present, or something that you desire in your future. It involves making a positive statement about who you are or what you want to achieve, rather than you expressing gratitude about something that currently exists.
While it might feel a bit strange to try this out initially, if you regularly state affirmations to yourself in those moments when you’re starting to have doubt or not feeling confident within yourself, you might quickly realise how empowering and useful it can be.
How to make affirmations
You can recite affirmations whenever you like; however, if you begin by making a few positive affirmations each day, that’s a great start. Some people like to have them written up somewhere they can see them and be reminded of them, like on their fridge at home, or even have them written in removable ink on a mirror.
When you make affirmations, be sure to use the present tense (make it an “I am” statement) and then make a statement out loud about something that you feel could be more positive in your life, or that you are working towards.
For example, perhaps you are working towards eating healthier:
- Phrase your affirmation as a present, personal situation (e.g. “I am...”).
- Make sure it is said as a positive statement (avoid passive words like “I am trying” or negative statements like “I am unhealthy”) and say it with certainty, as though you are achieving it right now.
- If you like, add an action statement on the end that affirms that you are achieving this right now.
In this instance, your affirmation could be, “I am the healthiest I’ve ever been and every day I take action steps toward this”.
Then, whenever your inner critic begins to speak up throughout the day, repeat the affirmation to yourself either out loud or in your mind. You’ll be surprised how big an impact simple mindfulness exercises such as this can have on your mindset in the long term!
How can these mindfulness exercises enhance my wellbeing?
Now that you know what mindfulness exercises you can do, you’re probably wondering why you should do them in the first place! The science behind these mindfulness exercises is to reprogram the subconscious mind to look for positives in life, big and small, as well as to help change any negative thinking patterns that exist. The belief is that as you actively try to recognise good in your life, as well as regularly make positive statements about yourself and your life, you will eventually learn to believe them — and will, in turn, behave in more positive ways.
It has been argued that our brains find it more difficult to focus on the positives in life compared to the negatives and that once we see something in a negative light, it takes more effort to change our minds. That’s why affirmations and expressions of gratitude are important mindfulness exercises to practice throughout the day, as over time they can help you to retrain your mind to see the positives more often, let go of the negatives, and have a more positive mindset overall.
3. Mindfulness exercises for anxiety
This mindfulness technique requires you to immerse yourself in an activity and pay close attention to what you are doing for the entirety of the time that you’re doing it. There are many options that you can choose from for this strategy — we’ve suggested mindfulness exercises that can be integrated into your daily routine, rather than having to set aside extra time to do it.
Ultimately, the goal of mindfulness exercises such as this one is to bring you into awareness of the present moment, so try out a few of these and see which one best suits you and your lifestyle.
Sensory mindfulness techniques:
- Consider your senses (touch, taste, sound, smell, sight).
- Focusing on one sense at a time, find something within your surroundings that impact that particular sense.
- For example, focus on sound. What can you hear? You might hear a nearby playground with children laughing. Try to let go of whether you feel like this is a positive or negative sound and focus on the minor details. How many voices can you hear? What tones can you hear? Focus completely on this sound for a minimum of around 30 seconds.
- One by one, explore your other senses in the same way that you did sound. Focus on each sensory detail in as much depth as possible.
Once you know how to practice sensory mindfulness exercises, you can do them anywhere or anytime you feel you need to! One of the great things about this activity is that you don’t need to be sitting down in a quiet space to do it. It can be a really useful tool if you are feeling anxious, to help bring your mind back when you are feeling overwhelmed.
If you are doing this to help calm you down during an anxious episode, it’s likely that you might feel too overwhelmed to really hone in on and focus on specific sensory details. Instead, simply try to notice two things around you from each category. For example, what two sounds can you hear (for example, dogs barking next door and children playing at the park)? Then, leave it at that and move on to the other senses. By forcing your mind to think about something other than how you currently feel, you can help calm yourself down in an anxious moment.
Similar mindfulness exercises to this one include:
- Going for a run or walk outside.
- Mindful colouring/scrapbooking.
- Cleaning the house.
- Playing with your pet outside.
- Rearranging a space in your office.
Start these mindfulness exercises now
It’s not difficult to reorganise your routine and incorporate mindfulness exercises into your daily life. By regularly trying to include mindfulness techniques such as these into your day, you will slowly develop your moment-by-moment awareness, which will eventually help you to better control your thoughts and lead to improved wellbeing.
We’d love to hear about your favourite mindfulness exercises — whether they’re included in this article or not! Let us know in the comments below what you include into your daily routine.
* Results may vary. Strict adherence to the nutrition and exercise guide are required for best results. | https://www.sweat.com/blogs/life/mindfulness-exercises |
Affirmations seem to be having a moment right now. Everyone in the wellness space is praising the benefits of using affirmations in daily life, but are they all they’re cracked up to be?
At first, I was skeptical about the idea of affirming myself (it just seems so self-indulgent, right?), but I’ve come to realize how much of a positive impact they can have on my mindset.
Since your thoughts play a big part in your overall success and happiness, it’s important to find ways to improve your mindset. If you don’t, you risk falling into negative thought patterns and holding yourself back.
Affirmations are a powerful way to improve your mindset on a daily basis, and research has shown that they can increase our feelings of self-worth.
In this post, I’m sharing what you need to know about affirmations and how to use them, plus a daily affirmations list that will help you maintain a positive state of mind when times are tough.
What Exactly Are Affirmations?
Affirmations are positive reminders or statements that can be used to encourage and motivate yourself or others. Often it’s a lot easier to affirm others than it is ourselves, but we need to remember to encourage ourselves as well.
I’ve seen a lot of people use affirmations to convince themselves of something they perhaps don’t believe about themselves yet. Telling yourself “I’m financially abundant” when you feel broke isn’t necessarily going to make you attract more money. In fact, research has shown that people who say positive self-statements like “I’m a lovable person” when they don’t believe it can actually make them feel worse.
It’s a lot easier to affirm others than it is ourselves, but we need to remember to encourage ourselves as well.
In my opinion, a better approach is something called “self-affirmation.” According to Lisa Legault, assistant professor of psychology at Clarkson University, “Self-affirmation is the process of reminding yourself of the values and interests ‘that constitute your true or core self’ […] It’s taking stock of who you are and what you care about.” (Source)
Self-affirmation encourages you to think positively about the important things in your life.
Rather than trying to convince yourself that you’re beautiful when you don’t feel that way, self-affirmation encourages you to think positively about the important things in your life, like your family, career, or hobbies. This means reflecting on things that you know and believe are good about yourself and your life.
Related Post: How To Overcome Mindset Blocks That Hold You Back
Daily Affirmations List to Improve Your Mindset
Here are some examples of affirmations that you can use on a daily basis. Pick a few that resonate with you or simply write your own!
- I create a safe and secure space for myself wherever I am.
- I give myself permission to do what is right for me.
- I am confident in my ability to [fill in the blank].
- I use my time and talents to help others [fill in the blank].
- What I love about myself is my ability to [fill in the blank].
- I feel proud of myself when I [fill in the blank].
- I give myself space to grow and learn.
- I allow myself to be who I am without judgment.
- I listen to my intuition and trust my inner guide.
- I accept my emotions and let them serve their purpose.
- I give myself the care and attention that I deserve.
- My drive and ambition allow me to achieve my goals.
- I share my talents with the world by [fill in the blank].
- I am good at helping others to [fill in the blank].
- I am always headed in the right direction.
- I trust that I am on the right path.
- I am creatively inspired by the world around me.
- My mind is full of brilliant ideas.
- I put my energy into things that matter to me.
- I trust myself to make the right decision.
- I am becoming closer to my true self every day.
- I am grateful to have people in my life who [fill in the blank].
- I am learning valuable lessons from myself every day.
- I am at peace with who I am as a person.
- I make a difference in the world by simply existing in it.
How to Use Affirmations
Some people say affirmations out loud in front of a mirror. Others simply write them down in a journal. You can also repeat them in your head like a mantra during meditation.
The important thing is to find affirmations that resonate with you. I’ll admit that there are plenty of affirmations out there that are just too woo-woo for me and do not resonate with me. Sometimes people throw in words like “manifest” and “abundance,” but these words simply don’t resonate with me (but maybe they do for you!).
The important thing is to find affirmations that resonate with you.
Start by choosing two to three affirmations from the list below that resonate with you. From there, decide if you will say them aloud, write them down, or recite them in your head. Try to do this in the morning or before you go to bed as part of your daily routine.
The key here is that you don’t have to go through a running list of affirmations every day. Just choose a few that really speak to you and encourage you to keep moving forward.
Related Post: 5 Mindset Shifts That Have Changed My Life
Want more affirmations? Get the toolkit!
51 Comments
Thansks for sharing this post about daily affirmations. I actually never tried it before. Might consider it…
I agree, Catherine. Affirmations have definitely been a game changer for me. There are some on your list I’m going to add to my “stash”. lol
I started practising them more regularly over the past year. I still need to be a little more disciplined though. One of the big ones for me is – You are enough. Just saying those words did so much for me mentally since I was forever pulling myself down on the inside. Apart from saying them out loud, I started putting them everywhere, on my mirror, desktop background, as my screensaver, to name a few. And I also recorded myself saying them and would listen on a morning and before bed.
Thanks for your continued inspiration. Keep well.
1. I forgive myself for all the steps I have taken backwards.
2, I love you so much.
3. I am patient and kind to myself.
I used to struggle a LOT with self image and loving myself. I always thought once I found someone else to love me I’d be happy, but everyone always said I needed to love myself. Although learning to love myself was the key to finding someone else who loved me, that person’s constant reminders of my value and worth were irreplaceable in finding my confidence and self worth. Now I’ve realized it was probably because I had a different voice in my head telling me something positive about myself instead of the constant negative things I was saying to myself. I think affirmations are a similar tool. You are blocking the negative self talk, and learning to remember the positive things about yourself consistently.
This is so inspirational!! Keep up the good work xx
I love this! I think it’s so important to have this kind of mindset and affirmations first thing in the morning too. It makes a whole difference. I love how you put “I am always in the right direction.” I say this every morning. No matter what, I am exactly where I’m supposed to be. Thank you for the article!
Thanks for the list!
I always had a lot of resistance on using affirmations. But since I realized that the loving kindness meditations are also just a set of affirmation, I grew to see the benefit of it.
Thanks fo the great list. My personal favorite is nr 2 I give myself permission to do what is right for me, sice I have the impression that I am sometimes sabotaging myself.
Hi Catherine,
great insight! I think the impact of affirmations is often underestimated. At least I used to think they barely work.
Writing down my affirmations improved their impact on me. There’s just something to the written word that makes it more powerful. At least as far as I’m concerned. I like making a precise affirmation followed up by a more general second sentence. For example something like “This or something better will manifest in my life.”
Shared your article :)
Nice content on affirmations
I love these affirmations <3
Thank you for the positive mindfulness that we all as people should b doing or saying every morning we wake up, I am in recovery and I have been for the past 2 years 1 month and 14 days & I’ve learned so much about my self MINDFULNESS is so very important to me I’ve been reading alot and this morning I read ur Affirmation tools and I am so glad I did because Affirmation is something I did not do and as of today I will b from now on Thank!! #N8iveRecoveryRocks#
This positive affirmation song, really brightens up my day and one of the best sing along song I would say. I think it should be added in the article
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6PTlOMjX6kg
Good list of positive mindset affirmations, thanks so much for sharing. Number 24 is my favorite “I am at peace with who I am as a person.”
Hi Catherine. I am Darren from South Africa and i would just love to say thank you for these great affirmations that I can add to my daily routine. I have been slacking in many areas of my life and I feel more so as if it does not want to end. However, this is exactly what I needed right now and I couldn’t have been more grateful. Thank you so much!
Thanks for affirmation they really help me
A few I use, in case it helps anyone else:
Your best is always good enough.
You learn from your mistakes and don’t dwell on the past.
Making small steps towards bigger goals every day, is a sign of success, not failure for not reaching the goal yet.
Looks aren’t that important, if you love the person you are underneath.
You have value and contribute good to the world, just by existing in it.
You deserve someone as great as you, so just hold out for them and don’t settle for less.
Nice share… this will go a long way in helping one find there way to success in life.
Beautiful and so soulful to read your words. I am glad to discover your site :)
Thanks for Sharing ?❤️:)
Very useful., thank you so much!
There are enough power and strength in this post, I really appreciate your share :)
Thanks a lot, Catherine Beard!
This blog post was really a blessing to me
Thank you for the awesome list.
I found your blog on Pinterest, you are an inspiration.
thanks again
I really love how you broke down and defined affirmations and how you were initially skeptical about it all. Thank you so much for this I also am and always want to make sure to keep up with educating myself and learning how to do my job better when teaching and showing others how to affirm themselves. I write about this in my next blog. I will be including a link to this article because this is powerful. I hope that’s okay? Feel free to reach out to me any time at [email protected]
Thank you so much Catherine for the wonderful list of inspirational affirmations…..God bless you with more positivity and creativity in your endeavors.
Great!
I’ve been using the Five Minute Journal for a little over a month now, and struggle with the aspirations section – which is what led me to this article. I often affirm things that I don’t necessarily believe about myself because I want to influence a shift. (Now I understand why I struggle!) I plan to begin focusing on what I need to be reminded of, rather than what I hope to see. Any thoughts on whether it is more effective to focus on the same affirmation repeatedly or bounce around?
LOVE the positive affirmations!!
I love the way how you narrate these positive affirmations, you help me to fill myself with some positive energy. Thank you, happy soul.
Hi Catherine, I came searching for some affirmation sentences. Got the right ones I was looking for. Thank you dear!
Loved very much
Thank you for this! It really helped me shift my mindset ❤️
Affirmations are a powerful tool that most people underestimate. Great post
Hi Catherine! The way you’ve formatted the post and the way you explained affirmations is great! Amazing post.
Hey Catherine! Here is my favorite quote from your affirmations: I use my time and talents to help others.
I loved the way you explained these affirmations! Great post Catherine! Keep moving forward :)
Love all the affirmations! I have found positive affirmations are so helpful in countering all the negativity that our brains are predisposed towards. | https://theblissfulmind.com/positive-affirmations-list/ |
Affirmations are statements, which we frequently utilize to advise ourselves of our staminas or abilities. Affirmations are essentially a sort of favorable self-talk. We can get affirmations either from an additional individual or with our own creative imagination or out of our very own mouth. The following are some of one of the most typical affirmations and also how they can be utilized for self-help or personal development.
When you listen to a person utter an affirmation, what you are listening to is not words however a summary of their way of thinking. Positive affirmations as well as declarations can be found in both verbal and written types. Verbal affirmations are those that are spoken like regular daily discussion. Written affirmations, on the other hand, are those that are created on a piece of paper or text file. The most popular form of created affirmation is the affirmation you read in a food store when you are getting products for your family members.
When you hear or read any kind of affirmation, be it positive or adverse, what you are doing is taking a step closer to reaching your goal or attaining your potential. This will certainly help you focus your power and also get the most effective feasible end result for whatever circumstance you are handling at that moment. Affirmations are powerful tools that can help you attain your objectives. There is no such thing as attaining way too much. With the appropriate affirmations, you can function towards changing the end result you desire for yourself in any kind of provided situation.
It is essential to be really careful when you utilize affirmations due to the fact that as well much of a good thing can develop negative outcomes. When you find yourself claiming “I will certainly” as opposed to “I did,” you are making use of affirmations that have too much power. Rather than concentrating on the favorable aspects of an action or job, you focus on only the unfavorable or the dark. People will detect your negativity and label you as weak and untrustworthy. Affirmations should not be used in this way yet with love and also a favorable attitude. It is much better to be labeled as “careless” than to be labeled as “efficient” when you use affirmations.
Affirmations are excellent when you require to feel like doing or completing something that will certainly make you feel better about on your own but do not enable yourself to come under the trap of negativeness. The truth is that if you focus on the unfavorable and also transform it right into a favorable thing, you can really produce more negative thoughts. When you have a tendency to be adverse regularly, people will pick up on that and tag you as uncooperative as well as not to be trusted. i am positive affirmations
The fact is that making use of affirmations each day is one of the most efficient means of attaining your objectives. Nonetheless, ensure that you do not invest too much time home on the negatives. By doing this, you could persuade yourself that they are really real, when actually they are not. You ought to attempt to make affirmations as specific as possible. As an example, if you intend to drop weight, you ought to claim each time you eat a wonderful fruit, you will certainly lose weight.
If you have actually been fighting with an unfavorable thought pattern, it is very important to purposely deal with altering it by utilizing affirmations. Affirmations are declarations or words that you declare to yourself over again. Affirmations are powerful devices you can utilize to quickly and easily transform your negative attitude routines right into positive ones. When you are embracing a brand-new adverse idea habit, using affirmations can aid you achieve your goal.
Favorable affirmations in New Age language and new age viewpoint refer primarily to the process of self-empowerment as well as positive thinking. Favorable affirmations such as “I am an effective individual,” “I enjoy and successful” as well as “I can do anything I placed my mind to” are all sorts of affirmations. By utilizing these sorts of affirmations frequently, you can swiftly move your negative ideas into more positive ones. Merely duplicate the affirmations over as often as you require to make them a part of your daily ritual. In time, your subconscious mind will certainly aid you unconsciously embrace this new favorable idea pattern.
To use affirmations in your regimen, you will certainly want to create a favorable declaration. The declaration must be clear and basic. Begin by choosing a time when you are most comfortable to articulate your affirmation. This will help to make your affirmation extra reliable. For Affirmations in New Age Philosophy, the affirmation needs to be read from the heart. Using the proper tone and also modulation of your voice while talking your affirmation will certainly help you to reach much deeper levels of psychological relaxation.
When you have picked the time and location for your affirmation, you will intend to speak gradually as well as carefully in a calmness, relaxed voice. Do not hurry through the positive affirmations. Repeat your affirmation as many times as you require to really feel the emotions connected with it wash over you. When you feel on your own reaching deep within, you can then consciously use the affirmations to your actions. Affirmations can transform your life, because if you think an adverse thing enough, it can become a reality.
A positive affirmation is just comparable to the thoughts that accompany it. If you focus on adverse thoughts while you are using up adverse affirmations, they will certainly have little result. Use the power of your mind to change negative ideas right into positive ones. If you have the ability to convert one negative thought right into a favorable activity every day, your life will certainly take on a totally brand-new direction. spiritual affirmations
Affirmations can be among one of the most powerful devices you can make use of in your life. When you are using affirmations, do not be stunned if the subconscious mind develops its very own version of your affirmation. The reality is that your subconscious mind does not know the difference between what is real as well as what is thought of. Allow the affirmation to become embedded in your subconscious mind. This will dramatically improve your life in even more ways than one. | https://punkin-press.com/2021/09/13/this-year-will-be-the-year-of-affirmations/ |
Read, Reflect & Repeat during the day!
We all have rough times in our lives. We strongly believe that repeating an Affirmation can change the way we think of ourself and of others. And if that thought happens to be a positive one, then it can do wonders for those who read it and apply it.
Studies shows that Positive Affirmations are a powerful way to improve our mindset on a daily basis. How we start our mornings, sets our entire day. We must start our day with gratitude, love and care of each other.
We hope to help you rewrite your day into a positive one with a Daily Affirmation.
Read, Reflect & Repeat any one of below Affirmations: | https://reflectandrespond.com/top-50-positive-affirmations/page/2/ |
Mindset is something we hear a lot about in today's world. Things like meditation, yoga, and mindfulness have made controlling one's thoughts more mainstream than ever before. Changing and controlling your mindset takes lots and lots of time and work. You'll need to develop patience and the skill for identifying your negative thoughts and flipping them into positive ones.
Fixed Mindset
In a fixed mindset one believes that qualities are fixed and cannot be changed. The belief that we are born with certain skills or talents and cannot develop more. When we have a fixed mindset we are less tolerant of criticism and challenges. We tend to give up easily and get frustrated when learning new things. A fixed mindset tells us that it is pointless to put effort into new skills because we don't already possess them and therefore cannot attain them. The fixed mindset is a liar.
Growth Mindset
Growth mindset is the opposite of a fixed mindset. Growth mindset is the belief that new skills and traits can be gained and improved over time. Those who have a growth mindset believe that they can learn from failures and embrace challenges and see criticism as constructive feedback. Growth mindset tells us that success can be obtained even if we lack skills and experience; we can learn!
Steps to take you from a Fixed mindset to a Growth Mindset
How do we go about transforming our mindset? There is not a one size fits all answer. As with anything, you'll have to find what works best for you. We do have a couple of suggestions to get you on the right track!
1. Replace negative thoughts/attitudes with positive affirmations.
This is easier said than done, we know, but with discipline and practice you won't even have to consciously focus on it after a while.
When you catch yourself thinking:
"It's too hard."
"I Quit."
"I'm not smart enough."
"That was a dumb mistake."
"I don't care."
"It's good enough."
Replace those thoughts with things like:
"I can do hard things!"
"I won't give up!"
"I'm getting smarter everyday."
"Mistakes help me grow."
"I want to learn!"
"I want to do my best work."
After some practice, your thoughts will become these positive affirmations instead of the negative self talk we so often give to ourselves.
2. Practice Gratitude
There are numerous things to be thankful for every single day, and even more ways to practice gratitude. You can even turn those negative thoughts into grateful affirmations.
Instead of:
"I have to go to work."
"I have to go workout."
"My home is a mess."
Practice gratitude by rephrasing"
"I get to go to work." or"I am grateful to have a job."
"I get to workout because my body is able."
"I am grateful to have a comfortable home to live in."
Other ways to practice gratitude include:
Journaling - at the end of the day write down everything good that happened that day.
Thanking those who help you in your daily life.
Giving Back - Volunteering to help those in need.
Paying it forward next time you are in the drive thru line by paying for the customer behind you.
This list is not exhaustive, there are plenty of ways to practice gratitude in our daily lives. Being grateful for what you do have can help you change your mindset to see situations in a more positive light. Positivity will enable growth mindset.
3. Pay attention to the details.
What does this last one mean? There are most likely tiny pieces of your day that bring you positive feeling like comfort, joy, or happiness. When you experience something in your day-to-day pay attention to how it makes you feel.
If it brings you positive emotions, try to take notice of it everyday. You can also try to replicate it. For example, if relaxing in a made bed at the end of the day is your favorite thing. Make it a point everyday to make your bed so that when you get home you can relax and feel the joy that it brings you. If you absolutely love candles, buy yourself candles and light them when you feel like it!
Give yourself these positive feelings. You can make them happen for yourself! YOU can be the positivity in your own life.
Trust The Process
All of these things have 1 thing in common - discipline. But if you have the discipline to implement any of these steps you will be well on your way to developing a Growth Mindset and leaving a Fixed Mindset behind. Your mindset determines your success. Growth Mindset will allow you to achieve the success you seek, but you have to trust the process. | https://www.optimusstrengthatx.com/post/mindset |
We all want to have healthy, happy relationships with our loved ones, but it’s not always easy.
It can be hard to connect with family and stay positive when we’re going through a tough time. Sometimes, arguments happen, or we might feel like we’re not being appreciated.
In times like these, it’s important to remember that our family relationships are worth fighting for. We need to remind ourselves of the things we love about our family members and the reasons why we stay connected to them.
You can use family affirmations to change the course of negative interactions and stay focused on what is important, helping build stronger healthier relationships.
Keep reading to learn more about the power of family affirmations and how to use them in your own life!
What Are Family Affirmations?
Family affirmations are positive statements that help promote strong and loving relationships within families.
When used regularly, affirmations can help shift the way you think about yourself, your spouse, and your children. They can also help change negative behavior patterns and encourage positive ones.
For example, if you tend to speak harshly to your children when you’re angry, an affirmation such as “I am a patient and gentle parent” can help remind you of the kind of parent you want to be.
How To Use These Affirmations About Family
There are endless ways to incorporate family affirmations into your life:
Choose Your Words Carefully
When you’re crafting your family affirmations, it’s important to choose your words carefully. You want your affirmations to be realistic so that you and your family can actually achieve them.
For example, an affirmation like “We will always be happy and get along perfectly” is probably unrealistic. On the other hand, an affirmation like “We treat each other with respect and kindness, even when we don’t agree” is much more realistic and achievable.
Write Your Positive Affirmations for Family Down
One of the best ways to make sure you (and your family) remember your affirmations is to write them down. You can put them on sticky notes and post them around the house, or create a special family affirmation jar where everyone can write down their favorite affirmations and pull one out when they need a pick-me-up.
Say Them Out Loud
In addition to writing them down, another great way to reinforce your family’s affirmations is to say them out loud together on a regular basis. This could be during dinner, before bedtime, or even just while you’re spending time together doing something fun. By saying them out loud, you’ll help embed them into your family’s collective consciousness.
Use Them as Prompts for Discussion
Family affirmations can also be used as prompts for discussion about important topics like feelings, respect, and cooperation. You could have an affirmation that says, “We are a team,” you could use it as a prompt to discuss how each member of the family contributes to making your household run smoothly. This is a great way to open up lines of communication and ensure that everyone feels heard and valued.
Display Them Prominently
Another way to make sure your family members are reminded of your affirmations on a regular basis is to display them prominently in your home.
You could frame them and hang them on the wall or put them up on the refrigerator with magnets. Wherever you choose to display them, just ensure they’re in a place where everyone will see them frequently.
Personalize Them for Each Member of the Family
One last tip for using family affirmations effectively is to personalize them for each member of the family. This could mean creating separate affirmations for each person or simply tailoring existing affirmations to fit each individual’s needs and personality. This will help each member of the family feel special and appreciated in their own unique way.
How Using Positive Family Affirmations Bring You Closer
Using family affirmations has many benefits that can help improve family relationships. Here are some of the amazing benefits of saying these positive affirmations daily:
Affirmations Can Help Change Your Mindset
When you’re feeling down, it can be hard to see the positive things in your life. But by using affirmations, you can change your mindset and focus on the good things in your life—like your family. When you start to view your family members in a positive light, it’s easier to act lovingly towards them. So, if you’re looking for a way to change your outlook on life, family affirmations may be just what you need.
Family Affirmations Can Help Strengthen Your Relationships
In addition to helping you change your mindset, family affirmations can also help strengthen your relationships with your loved ones.
When you tell your spouse or child how much you love them, it helps create a deeper connection between you. And when you remind yourself of all the good qualities your family members possess, it’s easier to see them – and interact with them in a positive light. If you’re looking for a way to deepen your relationships with your family members, regular use of affirmations can help make that happen.
Affirmations for Your Family Can Make You More patient.
Let’s face it; everyone has family members who know exactly which buttons to push to get a reaction from them.
During these times, it can be challenging to maintain your patience. However, if you have a list of family affirmations that you can refer to when things get tough, it will be easier for you to keep your cool and respond more positively, even when they’re driving you crazy!
They Make You Appreciate Your Family More
When you take the time to regularly affirm the positive aspects of your family, you naturally become more appreciative of them.
By reminding yourself how much you love and appreciate your family members, it’s easier to overlook their flaws and see them for the wonderful people they are.
This appreciation can lead to improved communication and closer relationships with your loved ones.
Affirmations Can Help Improve Family Dynamics
If you’re not happy with the current state of your family relations, affirmations can help. By repeating positive statements about your family on a regular basis, you can gradually change the way you think and feel about them. This shift in perspective can lead to positive changes in your family dynamics over time.
50 Powerful Family Affirmations for Positive Change
Use these affirmations for families to strengthen your relationship with your loved ones:
- “I am grateful for my family and cherish our time together.”
- “I love and respect my family members, and they love and respect me.”
- “We are a team, and we support each other through thick and thin.”
- “My siblings are some of my best friends. I can’t imagine my life without them.”
- “We communicate openly and honestly with each other, without judgment or criticism.”
- “We are patient with each other and always try to see the best in one another.”
- “I am thankful for all the quality time we spend together.”
- “We forgive easily and move on from conflict quickly.”
- “We are kind and compassionate with each other.”
- “I am always happy to lend a listening ear or shoulder to cry on.”
- “We humor each other and enjoy spending time together, even when we don’t always agree.”
- “We encourage and motivate each other to pursue our dreams and reach our potentials.”
- “Our family bond is unbreakable, no matter what life throws our way.”
- “I love spending time with my wonderful family.”
- “I adore my family.”
- “I’m so grateful for my wonderful spouse. They’re supportive and always there for me.”
- “In our family, love is unconditional.”
- “My family deserves only the best from me.”
- “I am so thankful to be a part of such a supportive family.”
- “My children are such a blessing. I’m so proud of the people they’re becoming.”
- “I am surrounded by loved ones that care about my wellbeing.”.”
- “The love in our family is unending and ever-growing.”
- “My family is full of strong, intelligent, successful individuals.”
- “I am proud to be a part of this amazing family.”
- “I am constantly growing and evolving as a result of my loving relationships with my family.”
- “I reflect the love that I receive from my family.”
- “My parents are an amazing support system. I’m so lucky to have them in my life.”
- “In our family, we are always there for each other.”
- “I am grateful for the love we all share.”
- “My family brings so much joy into my life.”
- “I cherish my extended family and am grateful for the loving relationships we have.”
- “My family is a source of strength and inspiration for me.”
- “I love being a part of this family.”
- “I know I can be 100% myself around my family.”
- “I am grateful for my happy and healthy family.”
- “Our family is full of love, laughter, and happiness.”
- “I am grateful for the wonderful memories we share as a family.”
- “My family is the most important thing to me.”
- “I know that, no matter what, my family will always be there for me.”
- “I feel so blessed to have such an amazing family.”
- “In our family, love always comes first.”
- “My family is my world.”
- I know my family have my back no matter what.”
- “I am fortunate to spend time with my loved ones every day.”
- “I am blissfully happy and content with family life.”
- “I know I can trust my family with anything.”
- “I feel so much love whenever I am around my family.”
- “I truly believe that family is everything.”
- “My family makes me feel complete.”
- “Having a loving family is the best feeling in the world.”
Final Thoughts on Family Affirmations
Using family affirmations is a great way to help build positive relationships within your family.
When you use positive affirmations regularly, you and your family members will start to feel more connected, supportive, and loving towards each other.
Daily affirmations can also help improve communication within the family and can help resolve conflicts more peacefully.
Related Posts
If you enjoyed this article, why not take a look at some of our other related posts: | https://www.ezaffirmations.com/family-affirmations/ |
Affirmations are statements that are consciously repeated ‘quietly in your mind’ or ‘say it out loud’ to help challenge and overcome negative thoughts and/or reframe the unconscious mind. The article today will highlight the importance and power of positive affirmations.
According to the National Science Foundation, an average person has about 12.000 to 60.000 thoughts a day of which 80% were negative and 95% were repetitive thoughts from the day before.
The use of positive affirmations will help break that negative pattern by realigning and grounding us and I am very confident that if you start using affirmations on a daily basis, you will see lots of positive changes in your life and a mental shift on the things you focus/pay attention to.
Positive affirmations should be able describe an event or situation that we want to happen in our lives. We should remember to pay attention to our feelings when we repeat these affirmations because positive thinking in our mind is an important element that has great power over what happens to us in our lives.
It is not easy to control our unconscious mind because the thoughts or ideas that are there are not within reach of our “conscious” mind.
Repeating an affirmation several times a day or daily requires absolute concentration on those thoughts for them to become a reality. Many people who continually have negative thoughts are unaware of these patterns because they are constantly faced by undesirable events in their lives.
Replacing negative thoughts in our minds is like weeding our garden and cleaning it of any kind of weeds. We must eliminate the weeds from our garden for it to flourish hence the negative thoughts should first be uprooted and replaced so that we can attract the positive into our lives through positive affirmations.
Affirmations are a lot like creating a visualisation board with a clear picture in our minds of what we hope to attract into our lives. The constant repetition of these statements leads us to conviction and confidence of what we want to change.
The words that we pronounce and repeat often lead our unconscious to convince itself that they are a reality.
In the same way, visualisations, or mental pictures will help us to attract our goals. Our unconscious mind has no sense of humour. Everything we suggest, think and imagine, that is exactly what is believed.
Visualising an event is one way to reach that goal. Visualisations are nothing other than a strong desire to achieve certain situations we want to attract ourselves. The repetition of these mental images makes the unconscious mind accept them, and that allows them to occur.
Daily affirmations work like the commands we enter a computer. Insert these affirmations into your brain daily, repeatedly, regularly, constantly, and immediately see positive changes in your life. To achieve better health, a better love life, a more financially prosperous life, and many other goals, you must suggest to your brain daily that this is what you want in your life.
I will give you some examples of positive affirmations in the next section below.
Others examples are:
1. At this moment, I accept happy events into my life and for my loved ones.
2. I have enough power to achieve all my wishes.
3. I attract healthy relationships of love, satisfaction, and happiness to my life.”
4. I am always at the right place to carry out what I have to do.
5. I attract a vibrant source of energy to my life, and I am healed of all my illnesses.
6. I can reach the ideal weight in which I should be.
7. I am enough and worth it.
8. I accept all positive thoughts that flood my mind with happiness, prosperity, and physical, mental, spiritual, and sentimental health.
9. The physical and emotional aspects of my life are in absolute balance.
10. My family and I have an optimal life.
Our mind can be compared to a sowing field. When we plant the seeds of positive thinking, we cannot expect that seed to bear fruit the next day. It takes time for the little plant to grow. We must water it daily and fertilise it so that the seed bears fruit. This is how the power of positive affirmations work.
We will not see the changes immediately, but if we repeat them daily, our repetition is the rain and the compost that waters our mental field so that in a short time, we reap an abundant harvest of positive events in our lives.
Give it a try, record your affirmations, write them down, and repeat them daily. Like someone who takes a medicine prescribed by the doctor at times necessary for our physical body to heal from some of the ailments that affects our health.
How and when to make the claims
Affirmations can be done silently, out loud, sung, or recited. The more frequently they are repeated, the more positive your realities will be. Positive affirmations are always made in the present, never in the future.
It is important to create them as if they already exist.
Example: If you are at work now, repeat to yourself several times “I have a wonderful job, well paid and with many benefits.” If you want beautiful, happy homes for your family, repeat, “I am sitting at a long table, surrounded by my children, their partners, and my grandchildren, and I am very happy.”
Never include negative words in your statements. Do not say, for example, “I won’t get sick again.” Change those words to “I’m absolutely healthy.” Try, practice, write these affirmations and then record them in your mind and meditate on them all day every time you remember, and you will see great events coming into your present and future life.
Hope this post on the power of positive affirmations was useful to. The comments section below is all yours to give us examples of some of your mots loved affirmations. Thanks for reading and see you in the next post.
Great article! I always stay positive and live in the moment. Positive affirmations will change your life!
I love the power of positive affirmations, it can make such a difference to a day, especially when done regularly. Thanks, Mich x
Positive affirmations have definitely helped me to see positive changes in my life! This was a really interesting and helpful read about them.
i totally believe in the power of affirmations! They really do work if you put in the effort
Practicing affirmations is a big deal. Mindset and self-belief matter so very much.
I believe in the power of Positive Affirmations and I make sure that I write them in my bullet journal. | https://upliftingandinspiringcontent.com/the-power-of-positive-affirmations/ |
Affirmations are a great way for you to reprogram your mind and visualize the life of your dreams. Affirming helps strengthen the beliefs that you hold within you whether they be positive or negative, so start to use positive affirmations so that you can reprogram your mind to believe in yourself to a greater degree. Remember thoughts, feeling, and actions. Positive affirmations lead to positive feelings, which lead to positive actions, which will lead to a positive life. Repeat these super affirmations to yourself daily and you will see a positive change in your mindset, your actions, and your life. | https://www.awakenthegreatnesswithin.com/35-super-affirmations-that-will-transform-your-life/ |
How to Improve Your Self-Image and Be More Positive
If you were to look in the mirror and see yourself, who would you think you were looking at?
Do you see yourself as the person that you would like others to see you as?
Parents, friends, and other significant influences in our lives played an essential role in shaping our self-image from an early age in our childhood.
Some of these ideas and points of view have remained with many of us throughout our entire lives. And they haven’t stopped criticizing us.
Even though some of our thoughts are positive, the negative ones have the most power over us.
It’s those same negative thoughts that you’ve been told are holding you back that are the root of your problems.
From not realizing your full potential to never meeting new people or trying new things to even dressing differently, many things prevent you from realizing your full potential.
It is past time to alter your perception of yourself as a unique individual and begin living life to the fullest extent possible without limitations.
I understand how easy it is to get caught up in the idea that you’re not good enough or that your appearance could always be better.
This is due to the fact that we frequently look to the media for guidance on how we should dress, start looking more superior, wealthier, and act in a certain way.
Having a negative self-perception will significantly impact your ability to be productive and interact with others throughout the day.
We will go over some strategies to help you gain more confidence in your self-image so that you can be more productive and interact with the people who matter to you in your life.
1. Accept and Love Who You Are
First and foremost, in order to move forward with changing our perceptions of ourselves, we must learn to accept and love ourselves as we are right now.
If you have a negative self-perception, you will become discouraged and give up on your efforts to change.
Learn to accept and love your own uniqueness. As soon as you do so, you will feel more comfortable and motivated to make positive changes in your life to become a better person.
The fact is that people who see themselves as worthless or in a negative light never really break free from their negative self-perception and simply give up.
So first and foremost, accept and love who you are in order to progress toward becoming who you want to be.
2. Create a List of Your Positive Qualities
Make a list of all of your best qualities and keep it handy. This does not have to be a long list; just a few qualities that you possess that are positive are sufficient.
This will help you realize that you have positive characteristics and that you need to work on improving the areas where you are lacking.
3. Ask Close People in Your Life to Describe Your Positive Qualities
You will now poll your close friends and family members to find out what they think is good about you.
Compare and contrast this with the items on your list to see how they compare.
This will inform you of the qualities that others perceive in you that you may not recognize in yourself.
As soon as you’ve compiled both lists, you’ll be able to see what your strong points are. Not only in terms of what you perceive in yourself, but also in terms of what others perceive in you.
Keep both lists close at hand as a constant reminder that you possess a variety of positive characteristics.
This will also assist you in overcoming any negative or distorted thoughts you have about yourself that may arise in the future as well.
4. Develop Your Strengths and Use Positive Affirmations
Learn to build on your strengths and to give yourself positive affirmations on a consistent basis. This will help you stay motivated and refine your strengths until they are perfected.
If people thought you were a well-organized person, work on becoming even more organized and striving to be better all of the time.
Constantly be telling yourself “This is why I am worthy of love, this is why I am smart and this is why I am Important.”
5. Always Remember How Far You Come in Life
Keep in mind how special you are and how far you have come in your life. Keep in mind the times when you overcame the challenges that led you to where you are right now.
If you’ve made it this far, you’re almost certain to discover your greatness and continue to push forward.
Don’t let other people ruin your day or prevent you from becoming the person you want to be in this world.
You are a self-assured, self-motivated, compassionate, and devoted individual who will blossom into the person you were meant to be in your lifetime.
Keep this in mind, and you will experience a shift in your perception of yourself, as well as a sense of significance and value that is far greater than you could have imagined.
Everyone possesses some admirable characteristics. It is the individual’s responsibility to identify and build on these strengths.
Improve in the areas where you are lacking and perfect the ones where you are strong.
This will significantly improve your self-image and provide you with the confidence you need to make positive changes in your life and the lives of others.
Never stop learning, never give up, and most importantly, never give up hope that it can be done!
Hi! Please consider sharing this article if you enjoyed it. Thanks! | https://favo.rs/blog/how-to-improve-your-self-image-and-be-more-positive/ |
Taking control of your mindset can be the path out of pandemic distress. Instead of feeling trapped, like a bird in a cage, with a different mindset you start to focus on the things you can control, think of the things you can do, and feel freer. This blog focuses on how to develop the mindset to cope with COVID lockdown.
What allows some of us to cope with the demands of a COVID lockdown better than others? We’re all trying our best to navigate unfamiliar territory and manage uncomfortable feelings and uncertainty. Some people have experienced extra hardships losing loved ones, jobs, and being separated from family. Working from home, whilst it suits some people, puts pressure on individuals, families and relationships.
Studies show that people are more distressed during COVID restrictions. Young people in particular experience greater levels of psychological distress during restrictions. Stress and living alone add to people’s psychological distress during restrictions and lockdowns[i].
The loss of familiar routines has affected people’s ability to cope with the demands of a COVID lockdown. Daily routines help people cope with stress, manage anxiety and ward off depression. With the COVID situation continuing, many people are feeling lost, fearful and directionless. Many are experiencing ‘lockdown fatigue’[ii].
The Australian Psychological Society describes this ‘a state of exhaustion caused by the long-term effects of COVID-19 and the changes it has caused to every aspect of your life.’ Symptoms include feeling irritable, frustrated, angry, sad, anxious and fearful, un-motivated and exhausted. It is important to support each other and reach out for services and support when we need it.
To be mentally prepared for the uncertainty of the situation, we need to develop the skills, strengths and mindset to cope with COVID lockdown. Looking after your mental and physical wellbeing has never been so important as it is in COVID lockdown.
What is mindset?
Mindset is a set of beliefs and attitudes that you use to make sense of the world and yourself. How you think about things influences how you feel and what actions you will take.
Mindset is learnt as a child and reinforced in significant moments. For instance, we all have particular mindsets about achievement, success and our own capabilities. If we’ve had good experiences with learning, we may view our progress as success. We may have developed a love of learning and view feedback or criticism as an opportunity to improve and develop our skills.
However, if we’ve learnt to view mistakes or setbacks as failure, we may avoid a challenge or limit ourselves through not stretching ourselves for fear of failure. These are two different types of mindsets, first coined by Stanford University psychologist, Professor Carol Dweck in children she taught: a Growth Mindset versus a Fixed Mindset.[iii]
Growth Mindset or Fixed Mindset
The Growth Mindset is based on the belief that you can grow and develop your intelligence and abilities and personal qualities through your efforts and experiences. According to Dweck, this belief creates a passion for learning, a passion for stretching and challenging yourself, and for persevering when the going gets tough.
By contrast, the Fixed Mindset is based on the belief that your abilities, intelligence and personal qualities are fixed. You’re either good at something (have the talent or ability) or not. According to Dweck, this generates an urgency to keep on proving yourself time after time and to cover up any perceived deficiencies.
People with this mindset tend to favour tasks that they know how to do well, instead of ones that will stretch them. They may take mistakes and setbacks personally and view themselves as failures. Making an effort may sometimes seem too risky or hard.
In coping with COVID lockdown, a Growth Mindset will allow you to tackle the problems as they emerge and develop your strengths, skills and resilience.
BALANCED MINDSET
It would also be important to have a Balanced Mindset, one which I will define as acknowledging both sides of your experience, the negatives and positives. This includes your thoughts, feelings and experiences. This will give you flexibility to consider each situation as it arises, to check in with your thoughts and feelings without shutting them down.
A flexible, open mindset gives you the ability to see things in different ways, which is important in helping you to cope with COVID lockdown.
Balancing negative thoughts with positive ones doesn’t mean to ‘just be positive’. That’s often referred to as Toxic Positivity, which means being positive or encouraging others to be positive despite things not being OK. Others can feel guilty or ashamed for having negative thoughts and feelings, which is not healthy.
Instead, give yourself permission to be disappointed or negative, to grieve the losses you’ve experienced and to talk to trusted people or professionals about how you’re feeling. Then try to balance these negatives with some positives. Challenge yourself to find a positive aspect in the situation.
Mindsets to cope with COVID lockdown
Apart from the Growth and Balanced Mindsets that will be helpful in coping with COVID lockdown, you can develop a mindset of your own that uniquely matches the needs of a particular situation.
These are the ones that may help you to cope with a COVID lockdown. The Growth Mindset, a Balanced Mindset, a Dreamer Mindset, the Confident and Creative Mindsets, the Productive Mindset, and a Gratitude Mindset.
For example, a Dreamer Mindset is useful for visioning what you will do when we have more freedom, and planning around that vision. A Confident Mindset will allow you to effectively manage the tasks in your day and set good boundaries with others demanding more of you. A Creative Mindset will allow you to see possibilities in situations and to relax more as a counter-balance to stress and limitations. The Productive Mindset will allow you to make the most of your time and use it meaningfully. A Gratitude Mindset will increase your happiness by appreciating the things you have.
Your personal COVID lockdown mindset
Which mindset do you want to develop during COVID lockdown?
Start with your intention. How do you want to cope with COVID lockdown? For example, if you want to be less stressed and more relaxed, that’s a helpful state to manage uncertainty and change. A Calm Mindset would match that and allow you to view situations as doable.
Being calm means being able to transcend the worries about the future and be present-focused. Putting your energy into the things you can control can bring a sense of fulfilment and meaning. Taking control of your mindset can be the path out of pandemic distress. Develop the mindset to cope with COVID lockdown.
Please contact me if you need a little help with adjusting your mindset to cope with the COVID challenges. I am a Life Coach and Counsellor, Sydney based, and work fully online.
See my tips on how to cope mentally with lockdown.
If this blog post has raised any issues for you, or if you’re concerned about someone you know, call Lifeline on 13 11 14 or Beyond Blue on 1300 224 636.
Resources
AIHW has a comprehensive list of contacts, with descriptions of who the service is suitable for.
https://www.aihw.gov.au/suicide-self-harm-monitoring/research-information/crisis-support
Useful wellness and mental health App.
https://psychiatry.ucsf.edu/copingresources/apps
References
Dweck, C. (2014) Carol Dweck: The power of believing that you can improve. TED. Retrieved from: https://www.ted.com/talks/carol_dweck_the_power_of_believing_that_you_can_improve
Kendra Cherry, “What Is Toxic Positivity?” Verywell Mind, updated on February 01, 2021. Accessed July 11, 2021.
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-toxic-positivity-5093958
[i] The use of mental health services, psychological distress, loneliness, suicide, ambulance attendances and COVID-19 (updated March 2021). | https://lindamagsoncounselling.com.au/mindset-to-cope-with-covid-lockdown/ |
Kids (and adults) who struggle with anxiety often have the same thoughts over and over, thoughts of gloom and doom, of worst case scenarios, of tragedy and disruption to their lives. Without meaning to, they meditate on these thoughts all through the day and often through the night. The negative thoughts color how they see the whole world, quite without their permission.
Positive affirmations are short statements that can be read and/or said aloud over and over daily and especially when one needs a boost. Positive affirmations can go a long way in drowning out the worries and anxieties and negative thoughts.
For myself, I have used positive affirmations for almost ten years, most notably Bible verses that I repeat in the morning and meditate on throughout the day. They have made a tremendous difference in my recovery from bipolar disorder as well as daily motivation and encouragement to live as Jesus would have me live.
Kids, especially anxious ones, can benefit from positive affirmations as much as I have. (If you're looking for positive affirmations for adults, check this post.)
Negative self talk is the little voice in your head that tells you that you're not good enough, that you can't do it, that you'll never get it right, that no one likes you. Kids experience this voice as much as adults do, so it only makes sense that they could benefit from affirmations, too.
I personally believe that that little voice in my head is Satan, but you don't have to believe that to benefit from these affirmations.
About Positive Affirmations for Christian Kids
This downloadable file contains 40 affirmation cards. 18 of the cards are general positive messages. (Things like “every breath I take calms me down” and “I know this will be over soon” and “My future is bright.”) These don't have scripture references because they aren't directly related to any particular scripture.
The other 22 cards, such as the blue one below, are directly based on Bible verses. In these cases, the card includes the reference at the bottom for easy study later on.
These cards are appropriate for both boys and girls. There is nothing in the text or graphics that would tilt them towards one or the other.
Unlike the text on the positive affirmations for Christian moms, there is no script on these cards. These are all in a mostly uppercase, very readable font to make it easy for kids to read.
There is no reason that a Christian adult wouldn't also benefit from these affirmation cards. They are really appropriate for anyone at any stage of life.
Do positive affirmations work?
Even though I am a believer with a strong faith, I wanted some evidence that positive affirmations would help me to defeat that nagging ugly voice I hear. It turns out that there is real science behind the power of positive affirmations.
According to an article in the journal Psychology Today, “affirmations can be a powerful tool to help you change your mood, state of mind, and manifest the change you desire in your life.”
The messages that you allow to permeate your brain, to really sink in, have the power to actually change your brain, causing new pathways to be formed. And then, of course, new pathways lead to new thoughts, new thoughts lead to new actions and new words spoken.
Your kids can totally tip the battle against Satan in their favor, and the Holy Spirit will help them.
What can positive affirmations do for my kids?
That voice in their heads criticizes your kids. It makes them feel guilty, afraid, angry, and unloved. They constantly worry that they're failing, that their worries are going to overwhelm them, that they aren't good enough.
These negative thoughts can have power if you don't help your kids to replace them with positive thoughts – truths based in scripture, written for them by the One who loves them even more than you do.
Research has shown that positive affirmations:
- Combat the negative effects of stress and anxiety.
- Boost problem-solving abilities.
- Create long-lasting feelings of happiness.
These printable positive affirmations for Christian kids will encourage your kids and lift their mood throughout the day. They will remind your kids to see themselves the way God sees them – calm, beloved, and peaceful children of God.
When they read these cards daily, they will:
- Feel strong and calm
- Trust the voice of the Holy Spirit when they hear it
- Feel empowered to conquer challenges
- Stop worrying about their mistakes and imperfections
- Find the joy that Jesus promises
- Feel happier and more relaxed in all their days
How to use these positive affirmations for Christian kids
Here's what I did with these cards:
- Download the file (um, obviously, right?)
- Print the cards on cardstock
- Cut the cards – they are squares for easier cutting!
- Laminate for durability
- Store in a small box or envelope and keep them in a safe place (Mine are in my underwear drawer.)
- Choose one affirmation to focus on. Your child might want one per day or one per week, or just change it whenever she feels like it.
- Post somewhere that she will see it several times throughout the day. I like mine on the bathroom mirror, but you could also put it on her desk, the kitchen table, or some other spot.
- Encourage her to say the affirmation three times every time she sees it, preferably out loud. (But understand if she says it in her mind because there are other people around.)
Download these positive affirmations for Christian kids today to get the encouragement they need!
Claim a mindset of joy for your children and take back their minds from the enemy.
These cards are the perfect way to build their trust in the Holy Spirit and consciously seek out his voice in their mind.
You can protect them against worry and anxiety with God's help.
$6.00Add to cart
© 2018, Tara Ziegmont. All rights reserved. | https://feelslikehomeblog.com/2018/07/40-printable-positive-affirmations-for-christian-kids-especially-for-anxiety/?add-to-cart=32432 |
The inquiry has only just started, so these findings are merely the tip of the iceberg. Researchers in the area of neuroscience have shown that the practice of mindfulness may modify brain activity in regions related with sensory perception, bodily awareness, pain tolerance, emotional control, introspection, abstract thinking, and a strong sense of self. Even while more research is needed to track these changes over time and understand their root causes, the available evidence suggests that this is the case.
High-ranking executives should stop seeing mindfulness as a “nice to have” trait and start incorporating it into their daily routines
An essential need for protecting against stress’s negative consequences, keeping the mind sharp, and fostering self-control and sound judgment. Many individuals regularly engage in meditation, which may be done for a variety of reasons, including religious and spiritual development or just as a means of self-improvement. The space for our own growth and transformation is created when we pause from our busy lives, sit down, take a few deep breaths, and make an effort to be present, particularly in the company of individuals who are also making an effort to be present. So what are affirmations?
How It Works
The human mind is malleable (no, not like that). Neuroplasticity describes the dynamic and unconscious changes that occur over time in the mind’s numerous complex networks of neural connections.
Learning new skills, breaking old habits, adjusting to new environments, and recovering from severe trauma are all possible for humans because to the brain’s extraordinary plasticity. The brain is able to change and adapt to new situations because of these experiences. Whether it’s a sprained ankle or a trip to a grocery store in a strange town, the brain has to reorganise its synaptic connections in order to cope. The more time you spend doing anything, the more embedded and familiar the associations you form will be. Drilling a skill repeatedly is the best way to make it seem effortless in use.
It is more true than we give ourselves credit for that we control our own thoughts and actions
While it’s true that the brain may change on its own, we also know that we can actively enhance brain function and general health by reawakening dormant neuronal pathways, strengthening existing ones, generating new ones, and even rewiring the brain.
Keeping your brain active may be as simple as forcing it to develop new connections by varying your everyday routines and activities. Use your non-dominant hand for heavy lifting and other physical tasks. Learn how to play an instrument at a high level. You might take an alternative path to the pharmacy. Try your hand at some mental arithmetic. Replying with tolerance to an email rather than anger is a better strategy. Practices of mindfulness instruction are recommended.
Conclusion
Mindfulness, or “being in the present moment” with an open, accepting mind, is more than just a pleasant mental state achieved through practice. Researchers have found that it shows promise as a tool for favorably influencing and boosting relevant neural circuits in the brain. Mindfulness training has been proven to have a positive impact on brain regions responsible for stress management, focus and attention, memory, and emotional regulation. Consistent mindfulness practice over an extended period of time has been shown in certain studies to have real-world, physiological effects on brain structure, potentially slowing or even reversing the normal, age-related decline of brain function. | https://newsmyth.com/look-at-the-sharp-results-for-the-mindfulness/ |
This post is all about using job affirmations to find and thrive in your dream career.
I have found myself at a career crossroads.
My family is moving out of state and I haven’t been able to find a new job.
To be honest, it seems like God is leading me to change careers and to become a full-time entrepreneur but y’all, the thought has me shaking in my boots.
I really thought I would retire in my current career!
Among so many other concerns and doubts, I keep wondering if I have what it takes to start a brand new career and I also wonder who I will be when I can’t define myself by my current job.
As you know from my many affirmation posts, I believe in using positive thinking to bring about positive outcomes.
So, in this post, I am sharing lists of job affirmations that are created specifically for workplace success.
Also read: - 85 Affirmations for Beauty to Feel Beautiful Inside & Out - 52 Self Love Affirmations to build your self worth & esteem
How to Attract Your Dream Job
One of the steps to attracting your dream job is to change your mental atmosphere. There are so many limiting beliefs that we pick up through life (from our childhood, our relationships, media, etc) that keep us from taking risks and working towards what we want.
You can break those negative belief systems using affirmations.
Affirmations are declarative statements that you speak to yourself to achieve a desired result. With repetition, the words start to take root in your subconscious and this will change your attitude, your behavior and affect the way you make moves and decisions.
(For more information on daily affirmations, read positive affirmations to say every day).
Even If you don’t plan on a new job anytime soon, affirmations can skyrocket your confidence, encourage you to go after promotions and overall, lower your stress and improve your job satisfaction.
How to Use Affirmations to Ace an Interview or Find a New Job
For interview success or to find a new job, you must combine the use of affirmations with actual actions. You still have to set goals, develop skills and keep your eyes open for opportunities.
Do not expect someone to call you with an amazing career simply because you read through these affirmations. Do not stop sending in applications or preparing for your interviews.
Affirmations are not magic. That is not how they work. (Faith without works is dead, amiright?)
What the affirmations will do is to get rid of limiting mindsets that make you second guess your value, keep you stuck in the same old position or make you think that you can’t be happy at work. They will help you get rid of self sabotaging habits that keep you from moving forward (things like being late, not trying your best or being too scared to share innovative ideas that you come up with).
How to Use Job Affirmations
- Write or print out a list of affirmations (use the ones below if you can’t think of any)
2. Repeat them daily with faith and without distractions.
- Some good times to say your affirmations include:
- Before getting out of bed (keep them on notecards on your bedside)
- In front of the mirror as you prepare for work
- In the car as you drive to work or drive to an interview
- At your work desk or cubicle when you encounter doubt or work stress
- In your head as you wait to be called in for an interview (or evaluation)
52 Job Affirmations for Workplace Success
When you are having trouble coming up with what to tell yourself, the following affirmations will make it easy to create your own list.
These job affirmations are broken down into 7 different sections or types:
- affirmations to nail your job interview
- affirmations to land your dream job
- the best affirmations for job seekers
- positive affirmations for employees
- affirmations to get that promotion that you want
- affirmations for general job success
- affirmations for a career change
Affirmations to Nail Your Job Interview
Job interviews can be intimidating and make you question your self worth and capability. If you are on the search for motivational affirmations to say before an interview, the following job interview affirmations will boost your confidence during the job search.
- I am a natural at job interviews
- I am capable of answering all interview questions meaningfully
- Every interview is an opportunity to learn and improve
- I am confident and courageous
- Interviewers find me interesting and well-spoken
- Every interview brings me closer to my next job
- My energy is contagious and interviewers are drawn to me
- I exude capability
Affirmations to Land Your Dream Job
Sometimes when you are stuck in a rut, it is hard to imagine that a ‘dream job’ exists. However, I can assure you that you can find a position that you are passionate about. Use these dream job affirmations for a successful career that you truly love.
- I trust that my career path is guided by God
- My goals are scary but attainable
- My current job is a stepping stone to my dream position
- I can visualize myself in my dream job
- I am bold enough to negotiate a high salary. I am worth a high salary.
- I am a job magnet; I attract new opportunities constantly.
The Best Affirmations for Job Seekers
Land your dream role using positive affirmations for a new job. Affirmations for job opportunities can stop you from getting in your own way. And if you struggle to believe that there are plenty of opportunities out there for the taking, these abundance affirmations will help you to understand it deep down.
- I attract new opportunities
- I see doors opening for me
- Every application that I submit is a possible ‘yes’; every one that I don’t is an absolute ‘no’
- I am successful in all that I do
- The perfect job is looking for me
- I find it easy to network and make quality relationships
- All of my time spent job searching will pay off
Positive Affirmations for Employees
Do you need help navigating work stress or work politics? These list of positive affirmations for work can motivate you to complete your job duties, boost productivity and manage stress. These mantras set you up for everyday success.
- I am productive
- I am a valuable team member
- I am a supportive and encouraging coworker
- I give my best at work on a daily basis
- I use my time wisely
- I freely give the appreciation and respect that I wish to receive
- I find it easy to ask for help
- My job is a blessing and I am grateful for it
Affirmations to Get That Promotion You’ve Been Wanting
Is fear keeping you from climbing the career ladder? Does competition intimidate you? Imposter syndrome will tell you that you’re a fraud and make it difficult to accept your competence and skills. These affirmations for a job promotion will help you overcome mental blocks that keep you from getting that promotion.
- I am an asset to this organization
- I am ready for the next step in my career
- I am committed to excellence
- I am committed to lifelong learning and growth
- I deserve to be paid what I am worth
- I am winning the battle against imposter syndrome
- I have earned my seat at the table
Affirmations for General Job Success
Do you have the belief that you can enjoy your job and do you struggle with the mental belief that work always has to feel unpleasant? Affirmations for job success can transform your mindset to find happiness and satisfaction from your job.
- I attract success
- My job brings me joy, happiness and satisfaction
- I am capable of achieving satisfactory work-life balance
- I take constructive criticism and improve my performance daily
- I bring positivity to work every day
- I am solution oriented
- I can easily learn anything that I don’t know how to do
- The work that I am doing is highly appreciated
Affirmations for a Career Change
Changing careers can be scary! I can say that from first hand experience. Career affirmations are a way to set your career goals in motion and destroy the doubt that keeps you from making courageous changes.
- I am ready to take my career to the next level
- I can find a career that brings me joy and meaning
- I am prosperous despite the economy
- I express my talents and passions in a career that I love
- I do not settle
- I am prepared to tackle any obstacle that comes my way
- I am optimistic about changing careers
- I am building my empire
- This transition is bumpy but it is worthwhile
How Long Do Affirmations Take to Work?
Repetition is key. The more you say them, the more your brain is forced to believe nothing else.
This is a tricky question because I see affirmations as an ongoing practice. When you arrive at the goal that you had in mind, you can say that they have done their job.
Also see : - 12 Fertility Affirmations & Mantras for conceiving new life - 74 Love Affirmations to Attract a Relationship with Someone Specific
Think of job affirmations as your own personal pep talk before you step into your workplace or enter an interview.
They will help you to see the possibilities in situations that look impossible and build confidence and positivity which are attractive to coworkers, interviewers and everyone around!
Which one of these positive affirmations for a job do you plan to recite over and over again? | https://bydeze.com/affirmations-for-job-and-career/ |
The focus is strictly on our mental health for What You Think Upon Grows Day, celebrated annually on May 31. Obscure as this holiday may seem, it is one of the most positive holidays you can celebrate and leaves us feeling better than we were. Although there is no history about who started this day, it was placed on this date in honor of one of the pioneers of modern positive thinking, Norman Vincent Peale. He was a clergyman, an author, served as a pastor in Marble Collegiate Church, New York, and was one of the many people who embraced and popularized the concept of positive thinking.
History of What You Think Upon Grows Day
Today is all about the power of positive thinking! Before you prejudge this holiday or roll your eyes due to all the motivational content you’ve come across about this, allow us to give you a fresh perspective by delving into what this is all about.
They say it all starts with the mind, but where did it start? Positive thinking or the positive mental attitude is said to have begun as a concept in the 1930s, even though the principle has been inculcated within various practices, ideologies, religions, and beliefs in several ways. As a concept, it began with self-help author Oliver Napolean Hill and his book, “Think and Grow Rich.” In this book, Hill discusses positive thinking as a necessity for success, however, he never outrightly used the term, saving that for his future book, “Success Through a Positive Mental Attitude,” which he wrote alongside W. Clement Stone.
Positive thinking is the philosophy that encourages an optimistic mindset, asserting it as a key to attracting positive changes and happenings in our lives. It includes prioritizing the small joys of life, dwelling on them, and being content with them.
Norman Vincent Peale was also one of the pioneers of positive mental attitude, which he discusses at length in his book, “The Power of Positive Thinking.” He lived his life as an author, public speaker, and pastor of Marble Collegiate Church, New York. What You Think Upon Grows Day was created to encourage individuals to embrace the power of positive thinking and apply it with the hope of living happier and more fulfilled lives. It was set on Peale’s birthday to honor his memory and work.
What You Think Upon Grows Day timeline
Norman Vincent Peale is born in Ohio on May 31.
A positive mental attitude is introduced as a concept through early pioneers like Oliver Napolean Hill.
Norman Peale writes his first book on positive mindset, “The Power of Positive Thinking.”
Peale writes a second positive mindset book called “Why Some Positive Thinkers Get Powerful Results.”
What You Think Upon Grows Day FAQs
Where does the saying What You Think Upon Grows come from?
“What You Think Upon Grows” is a saying that originates from the eastern regions. The adage only implies that the thoughts you feed or allow to occupy your mind are the ones that expand and become more prominent in your life. This is applied to more arbitrary events like stubbing your toe after already having a bad day as well as to more substantial causes like health problems.
Why is positive thinking important?
Positive thinking is important because it can have a beneficial impact on both physical and mental well-being. People who maintain a more positive outlook on life cope better with stress, have better immunity, and have a lower risk of premature death
Does motivational content help with positive thinking?
Numerous research has shown that individuals that listen to, watch, or read motivational content and absorb the ideologies, applying it to their daily lives, tend to live more positive and happy lives. Motivational content when properly indulged can lead to an instantly happier mood and optimistic outlook.
What You Think Upon Grows Day Activities
Learn more about the day
Many mental benefits have been discovered, proven, and tied to the concept of positive thinking. Today we have been able to take a quick dip in this topic, but there is still a wealth of knowledge to be learned. Take out some time to research any follow-up thoughts, concerns, or questions you may have about a positive mental attitude.
Write down positive affirmations
Writing things down can help you retain information, as you may have heard or even discovered firsthand. Write down a few good thoughts, declarations, affirmations, or whatever you like to name it as a way to start the process of turning chapters in your life into more hopeful ones. That is not, however, where it ends. It is also suggested that we say these words as often as we can to ourselves.
Have a mirror pep talk
This point is a great follow-up to our previous one. A good pep talk can go a long way, especially on those days when you don’t feel your best. Who says we have to wait for someone to cheer us up when we can get the job done all by ourselves. That’s right, prop up your mirror and say a few kinds of motivating words to get yourself through the day.
5 Facts About Positive Thinking
It changes your mind
Studies have shown that neural pathways in the brain can be created by adopting a positive mindset.
It can improve overall health
Writing about more positive things will not only put you in a better mood but can also improve your overall health.
It may help you live longer
A study that was carried out on Catholic nuns proved that those who maintain a positive mindset tend to live longer.
It’s good for the heart
Maintaining a positive attitude reduces stress and anxiety levels, leading to better cardiovascular health.
It takes time to master
Adopting a positive mindset is a skill that requires time and intention to master, and we are responsible for it.
Why We Love What You Think Upon Grows Day
Power in our thoughts
If you’ve either had a bad day turned around by sticking to positive thoughts no matter what, or had a bad day gone worse by dwelling on a few mishaps, that right there is the power of the mind. This holiday reminds us just how powerful our thoughts are, and how far they go to impact our circumstances or completely change our outlook on life. This makes us more cautious about the thoughts we let fill our minds.
It encourages optimism
With the crazy things that go on in our lives, and the world at large sometimes, it often gets really difficult to maintain a positive attitude. What You Think Upon Grows Day encourages us to adopt an optimistic attitude regardless of our surrounding circumstances.
It’s all about positivity
Regardless of if you believe in the power of positive thinking or not, you cannot deny how great it makes you feel even when you don’t recognize it. We love this day because of all that it is centered around — positivity. | https://nationaltoday.com/what-you-think-upon-grows-day/ |
In sociolinguistics, a variety, also called a lect, is a specific form of a language or language cluster. This may include languages, dialects, registers, styles, or other forms of language, as well as a standard variety. The use of the word "variety" to refer to the different forms avoids the use of the term language, which many people associate only with the standard language, and the term dialect, which is often associated with non-standard varieties thought of as less prestigious or "correct" than the standard. Linguists speak of both standard and non-standard (vernacular) varieties. "Lect" avoids the problem in ambiguous cases of deciding whether two varieties are distinct languages or dialects of a single language.
Variation at the level of the lexicon, such as slang and argot, is often considered in relation to particular styles or levels of formality (also called registers), but such uses are sometimes discussed as varieties as well.
Dialects
O'Grady et al. define dialect: "A regional or social variety of a language characterized by its own phonological, syntactic, and lexical properties." A variety spoken in a particular region is called a regional dialect (regiolect, geolect); some regional varieties are called regionalects or topolects, especially to discuss varieties of Chinese. In addition, there are dialect varieties associated with particular ethnic groups (sometimes called ethnolects), socioeconomic classes (sometimes called sociolects), or other social or cultural groups.
Dialectology is the study of dialects and their geographic or social distribution. Traditionally, dialectologists study the variety of language used within a particular speech community, a group of people who share a set of norms or conventions for language use. More recently, sociolinguists have adopted the concept of the community of practice, a group of people who develop shared knowledge and shared norms of interaction, as the social group within which dialects develop and change. Sociolinguists Penelope Eckert and Sally McConnell-Ginet explain: "Some communities of practice may develop more distinctive ways of speaking than others. Thus, it is within communities of practice that linguistic influence may spread within and among speech communities."
The words dialect and accent are often used synonymously in everyday speech, but linguists define the two terms differently. Accent generally refers to differences in pronunciation, especially those that are associated with geographic or social differences, whereas dialect refers to differences in grammar and vocabulary as well.
Standard varieties
Many languages have a standard variety, some lect that is selected and promoted prescriptively by either quasi-legal authorities or other social institutions, such as schools or media. Standard varieties are accorded more sociolinguistic prestige than other, nonstandard lects and are generally thought of as "correct" by speakers of the language. Since the selection is an arbitrary standard, standard forms are "correct" only in the sense that they are highly valued by large numbers of individuals of medium and higher socio-economic status, those with the power to control language use, such as writers, publishers, public speakers and the ruling class, within the society that uses the language. As Ralph Harold Fasold puts it, "The standard language may not even be the best possible constellation of linguistic features available. It is general social acceptance that gives us a workable arbitrary standard, not any inherent superiority of the characteristics it specifies."
Sociolinguists generally recognize the standard variety of a language as one of the dialects of that language.
In some cases, an authoritative regulatory body, such as the Académie française, maintains and codifies the usage norms for a standard variety. More often, though, standards are understood in an implicit, practice-based way. Writing of Standard English, John Algeo suggests that the standard variety "is simply what English speakers agree to regard as good".
Registers and styles
A register (sometimes called a style) is a variety of language used in a particular social setting. Settings may be defined in terms of greater or lesser formality, or in terms of socially-recognized events, such as baby talk, which is used in many western cultures to talk to small children or as a joking register used in teasing or playing The Dozens. There are also registers associated with particular professions or interest groups; jargon refers specifically to the vocabulary associated with such registers.
Unlike dialects, which are used by particular speech communities and associated with geographical settings or social groupings, registers are associated with particular communicative situations, purposes, or levels of formality, and can constitute divisions within a single regional lect or standardized variety. Dialect and register may thus be thought of as different dimensions of linguistic variation. For example, Trudgill suggests the following sentence as an example of a nonstandard dialect that is used with the technical register of physical geography:
Most speakers command a range of registers, which they use in different situations. The choice of register is affected by the setting and topic of speech, as well as the relationship that exists between the speakers.
The appropriate form of language may also change during the course of a communicative event as the relationship between speakers changes, or different social facts become relevant. Speakers may shift styles, as their perception of an event in progress changes. Consider the following telephone call to the Embassy of Cuba in Washington, DC.
At first, the receptionist uses a relatively formal register, as befits her professional role. After the caller identifies herself, the receptionist recognizes that she is speaking to a friend, and she shifts to an informal register of colloquial Cuban Spanish. The shift is similar to metaphorical code-switching, but since it involves styles or registers, it is considered an example of style-shifting. | https://thtsearch.com/content/Variety_(linguistics)/ |
The project, based at Durham University's School of Government and International Affairs (SGIA), and directed by Professor Anoush Ehteshami, traces the complexities of socio-cultural change at times of political upheaval, focusing on the most active and popular currents in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region - namely those loosely termed ‘political Islam’. The project’s unique interdisciplinary approach (the humanities combined with political science) and mixed research tools (with particular interest in language, discourse and narrative), aim to do two things:
(a) understand the place of IS (Daesh), as an example of radical Islamist currents, in Arab politics.
(b) capture the responses to IS at social and state levels in the Arab region.
The project studies the intellectual roots and political origins of IS in order to see what the rise of this group can tell us about the evolving nature and character of political Islam in the region more generally. In particular it:
(i) scrutinises the IS’s own narrative to better understand its self-declared place in the spectrum of Jihadi movements in the region.
(ii) examines Islamist responses to the IS and its behaviour; and
(iii) considers the various state-level responses to IS, looking at the narratives that such key states as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan and others have used to delegitimise IS while also legitimising their own policies to their often-sceptical domestic audiences and regional rivals.
For further details on the project, see: Transnational Language, Transient Identities, and the Crisis of the State in the Arab Region.
Research Team
This project includes research carried out by postdoctoral fellow Dr Amjed Rasheed, who is working on the politics of MENA, the state, and the evolution of political Islam and global Jihad. His work explores the rise of IS and its effect on MENA regional dynamics, with particular focus on transnational circulations of Islamist rhetoric, mainly in Arab-language media. This investigation looks at how the use of discourse shapes and propagates competing paradigms of identity, history and community, in a region where everyone can now ‘hear’ and challenge everyone else, and where, consequently, no dominant narrative of political power and identity has been able to establish itself.
A key contributor to the project is also Juline Beaujouan who completed her PhD (2016-2020) under the supervision of Professor Ehteshami and with funding from Durham’s al-Sabah Programme. The thesis, 'The Islamic State's Discursive Power in the MENA Region' (defended on 17 January 2020), interrogates the effects of IS's use of language on key issues characterizing the dynamic modern Middle East, such as diplomacy, migration, identity or social cohesion. Drawing on a three-dimensional approach to the analysis of narratives, this is a study of the formation and recontextualization by Middle Eastern media and population of IS’s socio-political narrative, which assess the connections and interactions between this narrative and the broader understanding of the political and cultural dynamics at work in the region.
The project team is responsible for the organisation of a series of academic events and impact activities associated with this research, both in the UK and abroad. These are convened under the titles Politics of the Muslim World and Influencing Policy on Radical Islam respectively.
For more information about this project contact: [email protected]. | https://www.durham.ac.uk/research/institutes-and-centres/open-world-research-initiative/research-projects/transient-identities/ |
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Viewing language as a dynamic semiotic system that shapes and is shaped by cultural, social, and cognitive factors alike, the materials gathered in this new Major Work collection from Routledge explore how people in communities worldwide think about language, talk about language, use language, and change language. The collected works illustrate the ways in which language practices-spoken, written, and signed-are resources that participants use for creating social worlds and accomplishing a wide range of activities within those worlds. Furthermore, they demonstrate how analysts use linguistic and cultural practices, and the ideologies that shape them, to provide insights into the complexities of everyday, as well as less commonly occurring, social encounters.
Theoretical essays are complemented with readings that illustrate, integrate, and often advance these frameworks. Focus is on work that emphasizes the importance of cultural contexts in analysing the linguistic practices in which they are embedded; the role talk-in-interaction in establishing, maintaining, or transforming social realities; and the linguistic and communicative resources and strategies that speakers use in conforming others to their point of view. Selections range from investigations, for example, of how speakers create and assert identities in particular kinds of face-to-face interactions; how political institutions, including language academies and experts, attempt to regiment the language practices of particular communities, and how such attempts are resisted; and how various technologies and media, including literacy, radio, television, cellular telephones, and computers, are transforming communicative landscapes at local, national, transnational, and global levels.
Primarily drawing on the work of linguistic anthropologists, the collection will be of interest to those working in Social and Cultural Anthropology, the Sociology of Language, Sociolinguistics, Communications, Discourse Analysis, Language and Education, Rhetoric, and other fields in which scholars and students explore how language use creates and shapes social worlds.
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd
ISBN: 9780415551786
Number of pages: 276
Weight: 3719 g
Dimensions: 234 x 156 x 130 mm
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Interaction Between Language and Society
One of the most difficult abstract issues in linguistics that is still an issue today is to distinguish between language and dialect. At first glance, when two people are speaking differently, there seems to be two obvious possibilities. If they understand each other, they must be speaking dialects of the same language, if not, it can be said they are speaking different languages. However, in some cases, it is not so simple to distinguish between the two elements. By shedding light on this latter issue, this article will then focus on some cornerstones of sociolinguistics, like the difference between dialects and accents and the concepts of register and style.
Language vs. Dialect
What is the difference between a language and a dialect? Is there a wide distinction between traffic circle or roundabout, or between a rabbit and a hare? Most linguists would agree that it is problematic to give general definitions to distinguish languages from dialects, yet the subject has long fascinated experts and non-experts alike. While there are numerous definitions of a language, language can be defined as a means of communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional manner, used by a particular community or country. Generally, this concept can be applied to any type of language.
What is the definition of a dialect? Dialect is defined as a particular form of a spoken language in a specific region or area or spoken by a specific group. Simply put, it is a subordinate variety of a language. It can be distinguished by grammar, pronunciation, or vocabulary. When travelling, one can observe people from different countries speaking a particular language but in different dialects. For example, British English, American English, Canadian English are just some of the dialects of the English language. It is estimated that over 160 different English dialects exist around the globe (Knetemann, 2018). Although there are that many, one can distinguish them from one another by looking at certain features like grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary.
Being significantly different in grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary does not necessarily define dialects as separate languages. One of the most common ways of identifying the difference between language and dialect is a concept called mutual intelligibility. It is most commonly found among languages that are closely related to one another; however, closely related languages are not always mutually intelligible. Specifically, if the speakers of group A can understand the speakers of group B without difficulty or without intentionally learning the other language, then A and B must be the same language. Ideally, if two dialects are mutually intelligible, they belong to the same language, but if two dialects are not mutually intelligible, they belong to different languages.
In some instances, languages can be mutually intelligible to a greater or lesser extent. For example, native Danish speakers can understand Norwegian and Swedish only slightly, while native Norwegian speakers also usually understand Danish only slightly but Swedish to a much greater extent (Holloway, 2022). There can also be imbalanced mutual intelligibility between some languages; a concept known as asymmetric intelligibility. This means that it is easier for speakers of language A to understand language B than for speakers of language B to understand language A. There could be differences in pronunciation, making it difficult to understand the spoken form but not the written form. With this in mind, there is no globally accepted standard to distinguish the difference between a language and a dialect.
Dialects vs. accents
To make things more complex, people often confuse the difference between the words people use and the sounds they make, i.e. their pronunciation. Both dialects and accents refer to a distinctive way of using a specific language and are associated with a particular country, region, or social class. An accent is a special element of a dialect that needs close attention to be properly understood. One must understand that accents are only a part of what makes up a dialect. An accent is a specific manner of pronunciation that can be defined as how one pronounces words. It should be understood by other speakers of the same language. Therefore, an accent is a subordinate part of a dialect, while a dialect is a subordinate part of a language. Accents are recognizable within a country because of the sound, but dialects are more noticeable in terms of grammar, vocabulary, or pronunciation.
What are registers?
In addition to dialects, two other aspects that are important are register and style. While dialects expose where people come from, register gives an indication of what they are doing. When discussing the register of a word, we mean the use of language for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. For instance, when speaking in formal settings, an English speaker may likely use aspects of prescribed grammar such as father instead of dad or child instead of kid. At a level of formality, people will often refrain from using words considered non-standard, such as ain’t. In register, there is more consideration of the situation or context of use, subject matter or topic, and the audience or relationship between participants (Romaine, 1994). Most importantly, it must be taken into account that different situations and people call for different registers. In a hospital, for example, doctors discussing a patient’s laboratory results use the register of medicine; in a police station, police detectives review a murder case, which reflects a particular register associated with their profession and the subject at hand. This can also be present in sports bulletins with announcements such as ”Now onto men’s football, the Arizona Cardinals had two victories in the past week against both Chicago Bears and the Detroit Lions. The Cardinals crushed the Bears by a final score of 46-34 last Thursday, making them jump to first place in the league;”here, the register of sports reporting is easily detected. Therefore, when identifying different registers, a specific vocabulary is chosen in relation to a particular situation.
From register to style
A notion related to register is style, which is also sometimes used to refer to situational variations, which can range from formal to informal depending on social context, relationship of the participants, social class, sex, age, physical environment, and topic (Romaine, 1994). Style is the variation in how an individual chooses to express themselves, and also how people switch from one style to another. The key issue here is that style is less predictable and more dependent on personal preferences than register. Although both are associated with a specific speech situation, register is more concerned with specific language such as the vocabulary chosen in a particular setting to address certain topic areas. To put it simply, register is defined by the language user, but style is defined by the use of language.
Language and society are irrevocably linked. The purpose of language is to assist speakers in expressing thoughts and feelings. A type of interaction between language and society is one in which particular forms of a language, referred to as dialect, are linked to the usage of function in society. In this social mechanism, language reforms social interactions and social interactions reforms language. However, one aspect that must not be neglected is that society controls how language is used by determining the norms as to what is acceptable or not. For example, standard language can be used in formal situations and non-standard language in non-formal situations. When society evolves, language evolves as well, resulting in unique impacts. This observation, however, should not raise any kind of amazement; language is neither uniform nor consistent; it is constantly evolving at all times.
References:
Anderson, S. R. (n.d.). How many languages are there in the world? Linguistic Society of America. https://www.linguisticsociety.org/content/how-many-languages-are-there-world
Dialect vs. Accent – what are the differences and the impact? (n.d.). Accent Hero. https://accenthero.com/dialect-accent/
Gruber, K. (2020, May 23). Language Versus Dialect: Understanding The Difference. Bare Bones Translations. https://www.barebones-translations.com/post/language-versus-dialect-understanding-the-difference
Hasa. (2016, July 2). Difference Between Accent and Dialect. Pediaa. https://pediaa.com/difference-between-accent-and-dialect/
Holloway, J. E. (2022, April 6). What is Mutual Intelligibility? LanguageHumanities. https://www.languagehumanities.org/what-is-mutual-intelligibility.htm
Knetemann, J. (2018, May 18). How many English accents are there? LingoHut. https://www.lingohut.com/blog/so-how-many-english-accents-are-there-in-the-world-the-number-may-surprise-you/
Kreisa, M. (n.d.). These Mutually Intelligible Languages Will Make You Do a Double Take. FluentU. https://www.fluentu.com/blog/mutually-intelligible-languages/
Kusumaningrum, S. (2016, March 6). Language, Dialect, and Varieties. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/sarihafizh/language-dialect-and-varieties-31983024
McWhorter, J. (2016, January 19). What’s a Language, Anyway? The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/01/difference-between-language-dialect/424704/
Register and Style. (n.d.). Lund University. https://www.awelu.lu.se/language/register-and-style
Romaine, S. (1994). Language in Society: An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (Second ed.). Oxford University Press.
Style and Register. (n.d.). ELT Concourse. https://www.eltconcourse.com/training/inservice/discourse/style_register.html
Image References:
Figure 1: Fortune, V. (2020, August 8). Photo for dialect post [Photo]. Dreamstime. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57e14c4215d5dbdafb685b88/1598654210885-QW4U8COVMC7O48H6VDGU/Photo+for+Dialect+post.jpg?format=2500w
Figure 2: Eriksson, M. (2019, March 27). English dialects sketch [Artwork]. Babbel. https://www.babbel.com/en/magazine/every-english-accent/
Figure 3: Eštok, T. (2020, November 10). Vocabulary differences UK vs US [Photo]. Lexica. https://www.lexika-translations.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Vocabulary-differences-UK-vs-US-1.png
Figure 4: Tomasso, P. (2016, April 16). Medical Terminology [Photo]. Unsplash. | https://www.byarcadia.org/post/interaction-between-language-and-society-101-language-in-society |
The special issue ‘Reconsidering the Region in India’, aims to develop a synthetic and theoretically nuanced account of the multifarious ways in which the idea of region has been imbricated in diverse spatial, political, cultural and socio-economic configurations and reconfigurations in contemporary India.
This special issue of the Journal of South Asian Development brings together four articles that explore the imagination and materiality of the ‘region’, a category that has recently reappeared, especially in relation to the politics of development in India. It illustrates how changing social and economic configurations, new dynamics of political power, and the entanglement of regionalist cultural politics with the politics of development (often refracted through the prisms of caste, class or gender) contribute to a respatialization and redistribution of social as well as political power. They also point to a politics of place linked to regional identities built around particular images of landscape, language, culture or history, or to an imagined community or regional homeland. The idea for this issue grew out of the Provincial Globalisation research programme, which studied the effects of transnational flows at the regional level and in provincial towns of India.
In this introduction to a special issue on ‘Reconsidering the Region in India’, we aim to develop a synthetic and theoretically nuanced account of the multifarious ways in which the idea of region has been imbricated in diverse spatial, political, cultural and socio-economic configurations. We draw from various bodies of anthropological, geographic and historical literature to elaborate on three themes that we believe are central to understanding contemporary processes of region-making in India: trans-regional mobilities and connections; the actors who produce and perform regional imaginaries; and changing regional politics of development.
This entry was posted in Economics & Development, SAGE Insight and tagged development politics, Indian regions, mobilities, regionalism. Bookmark the permalink. | https://connection.sagepub.com/blog/economics-development/2017/12/04/on-sage-insight-special-issue-on-reconsidering-the-region-in-india-mobilities-actors-and-development-politics/ |
Tom Rollings is a PhD researcher whose work focuses on the intersection of linguistics and intellectual history in imperial Russia. In February, Tom attended the HaCKS workshop in York and he would like to share a summary and commentary about this event.
After introductions over generously provided tea and biscuits, Johanna Blakey, a PhD student at Sheffield, kicked off with an overview of her research on dialect continuity and change in Sheffield. Johanna underlined that Sheffield has a history of dialectal research because of its marked social inequality. Johanna is looking to establish how factors such as deindustrialisation and the rise of service sector industries have impacted on the evolution of the local dialect. Since the Sheffield dialect was studied in the 1980s and 1990s, the speaker is looking to compare the evidence she gathers to that gathered by previous studies.
During the discussion, Johanna clarified her growing interest in how attitudes, such as criticisms of the reconstruction of the city centre that left long-term residents disorientated, may serve as a marker for dialectical shift. In terms of indexicality, I found this talk fascinating because it highlighted how individuals respond to social change in their lifetime. Johanna’s research underscored how individual agency in Sheffield only makes sense in terms of wider regional shifts, but that these wider regional shifts can only be understood as a result of how people individually negotiate and renegotiate the pressures of social change.
Keith Tse, who works in the linguistics department at York, spoke about the derivation of cleft constructions in Chinese dialects. As Keith explained, his talk was an attempt to utilise Chomsky’s minimalist programme in the study of sociolinguistic evidence. The Chinese data were tricky for us to follow because none of us apart from Keith had any knowledge of Chinese. However, the use of regional variation in the constructions that Keith presented was clear. Moreover, Keith clarified the difference in the origins of constructions that are now, in certain dialects, mixed up and used interchangeably.
For me, what was most striking was Keith’s discussion of deixis. Although Keith did not look at individual variation as other speakers did, his comments on deixis echoed the analysis of Silverman on shifters back in the 1970s that the subsequent work of Penelope Eckert and others built on. While Eckert’s analysis of individual variation and performativity in language may challenge Chomsky’s universalist assumption, Keith’s focus on syntax may point to an aspect of variation in Chinese that existing studies of indexicality have not yet grappled with, so this may warrant further investigation.
Dominic Watt, a faculty member of the linguistics department at York, spoke about aural evidence in the fight against crime, as well as elsewhere. One issue here is the training that the police and other law-enforcement agencies require in order to be able to elicit relevant information from witnesses who are not trained linguists. To this end, Dominic shared with us some the questionnaire template that the UK’s counter terrorism agency uses, for example in documenting the voice of callers who make bomb threats. In a really concrete manner Dominic’s talk clarified the issue of speech perception, which is a major topic in itself and crucial to wider research on indexicality.
Salina Cuddy, a PhD student at York, introduced her research in the field of queer linguistics. In particular, she identified variation in the markedness of what she termed a “lesbian voice,” when speakers index their sexuality in certain situations more than others. Many members of the audience related to issues that Salina raised regarding her methodology and data collection, which foregrounded the need for researchers to reflect on the extent to which our own role and identity shapes the results that we gather.
Amy Wearmouth, a Masters student at York St. John University, compared the lyrics and contexts in two songs by the hip-hop artist Nicki Minaj in order to trace how Minaj indexes her gender. I found Amy’s talk the most memorable of the day because for me it summed up the idea behind the series of workshops on indexicality in bringing together researchers from various angles. As Amy explained, her background is in English literature rather than linguistics. This goes a long way to explaining why she was the only speaker who used critical discourse analysis and who built their talk around the study of one individual. This made it possible to explore indexicality in ways that I had not considered previously.
In addition to research on indexicality within local speech communities, there is value to studying celebrities too. The topic of fame is usually considered in connection with iconicity for good reason but iconicity does not explain how Nicki presented herself before she was famous, as in the first song (“Your Love”) that Amy analysed. Moreover, Nicki has been able to become so iconic because of the way that she has presented herself. Iconicity does not exclude indexicality but means that Nicki has had to index herself in relation to the iconic status that she has achieved. Finally, because of her influence, her fans can index themselves in relation to her (including other singers in their work, as Amy mentioned), so the reception of her artistic creativity could be a topic of research in its own right.
The last speaker was Nathaniel Dziura, a PhD student at Sheffield, and the main organiser of HaCKS this year. Nathaniel spoke about his research that seeks to uncover how migrant Polish and LGBTQ+ identities intersect in Sheffield. My interest in Nathaniel’s work is shaped both by my lengthy experience of teaching English in Russia and by my knowledge of Polish migrants in Sheffield.
I completely agree with Nat’s questioning of the commonly held assumption that learners of English as a second language first acquire the standard language and only when they have mastered a sufficient level of proficiency acquire an active knowledge of dialectal variation. In my personal experience, this is often largely a result of the way that textbooks privilege the standard language in English L2 instruction. In terms of how migrant Poles relate to local identities once in the UK though, this could be subject to significant evolution during the course of Nat’s data collection. In my experience, young Poles I have met (who weren’t LGBTQ+) identified very strongly with the UK, so it may not be the case that LGBTQ+ speakers demonstrate any greater degree of positive attitude to the UK. But I have also been struck by cases of linguistic discrimination against Poles, which may trigger them to feel disillusioned with the UK, especially given the current political climate.
Although it is not feasible within Nat’s current study, I have a final thought informed by my experience of teaching that Nat’s presentation has raised. Given that he plans to hold extensive group discussions with his Polish LGBTQ+ migrant respondents, it would be very interesting for future research to incorporate some language instruction into such a methodology, and to compare how the positive group environment established during data collection influences language learning – for example, would learners focus more on learning slang and the Sheffield dialect, as opposed to formal, standard British English, as the latter might be less relevant to the group.
Overall, having missed the first workshop because I was away, I was really glad that I was able to attend this event and benefit from the enthusiastic presenters and stimulating exchange of ideas and research experiences.
If you want to read more thoughts from attendees of this workshop, click here to read one of our speakers Keith Tse‘s Medium article about his work on reconciling the (seemingly) incompatible positions between formal syntax and sociolinguistics.
Johanna Blakey is a PhD researcher at the University of Sheffield whose work explores continuity and change in the Sheffield dialect. Having attended the HaCKS workshop that was recently held in Sheffield, she would like to report her experiences from the event, with a particular focus on the talks relevant to her project.
Our first talk was delivered by Emily Reed, who delivered an interesting examination of pronominal address in 14th century Anglo-Norman French, with comparisons to Middle English. Emily demonstrated the application of 1st 2nd and 3rd orders of indexicality according to Rene Van Compermolle (2011) to explore social meaning in the use of ‘Tu’ and ‘Vous’ forms beyond the binary meanings which are imposed upon double-indexical Modern French. This demonstrated that there is applicability of the concept of indexicality to research in historical linguistics, albeit with some caveats, which were also further explored in the following talk.
The second talk of the workshop was delivered by historical linguist Christine Wallis, who presented us with an interesting examination of the challenges of adopting the concept of indexicality in her own work, which focuses on the role of the scribes in producing and correcting medieval manuscripts. She pointed out the difficulty that comes with the lack of knowledge about a scribe’s motivation in making corrections, as well as a lack of ownership construed in the manuscripts, which inhibits our ability to reconstruct social meaning from such sources.
Thirdly, and of most interest to myself, was a joint talk by sociolinguists Hannah Leach and Holly Dann, focusing on ‘Alternative Methods of Accessing Social Meaning’. The talk began with an exploration of previous conventional methods of studying social meaning in sociolinguistic research, which include Ethnographic studies, Identity Questionnaires and Perception research. In acknowledging that it is not always practical or possible to carry out in depth ethnographic methodologies (which have been considered to be imperative in understanding local context and meaning in sociolinguistic research), Holly and Hannah then took it in turns to explain what this meant for their own PhD research. Both researchers saw it fitting to adopt less conventional methodologies and adapt their research methods in ways that allowed them to explore the indexicality of particular phonetic variables in the speech of participants in their home speech communities in substitution of ethnography.
Hannah took us through her research in Stoke-on-Trent, focusing on the social hierarchy of the Pottery industry and examining how belonging to particular departments has the potential to impact upon the linguistic variants that the participants produce. She presented evidence that speakers within an oral history archive in a Stoke Pottery Museum display linguistic variation which is dependant upon their role in the industry, and also that this linguistic behaviour can change according to topic shift. As the speakers in her sample are no longer alive for Hannah to revisit and carry out ethnography, she instead carried out a socio-cultural investigation of the Pottery Industry. This lead her to divide the sample by departments and look at the interactions between these departments as the analysis demonstrated that these categories are significant to the speakers. This demonstrates that, when an ethnography is not possible because the opportunity has been lost to time, it is possible to gain in-depth socio-cultural information by taking a socio-historical approach to understanding the local context by revisiting archives and revealing the necessary information.
Holly carried out research in Cornwall which focuses on the indexicality of phonetic variants (TRAP and BATH vowels) in 12 year old school children. Her distance from the speech community as a result of studying in the North of England meant that her contact with the speech community was limited and the ethnographic approach was beyond reach. Holly instead utilised experimental methods in investigating both the production and perception of her participants speech, which allowed her to explore the social meanings that her participants attach to certain linguistic forms. She was able to suggest that young speakers in her study are using shortened versions of the BATH and TRAP vowels, but this is not because they are conforming to wider standardisation and being influenced by Standard English as we might expect. They are instead innovating a new form, which is indexical of a Contemporary Cornish identity, but separate from the traditional Cornish identity of a ‘rural farmer’ which is associated with the longer and stigmatised vowel forms. The pairing of production and perception methods allows us to carry out this type of analysis and, in Holly’s case, finding out about how youngsters perceive their local area and align with the concept of place aided her in establishing how their linguistic behaviour is utilised in performances of local identity.
Holly and Hannah’s research both show how we can use the concept of indexicality in sociolinguistic research to explore local identity, as speakers can be seen to utilize linguistic behaviour in performances of identity in local contexts. This talk encouraged me to think more about the concept of indexicality, and how I might utilize this in my own sociolinguistic PhD research project. I am studying Dialect Continuity and Change in Sheffield by utilizing a Real and Apparent Time trend study approach. This will consist of comparing archival dialect recordings with contemporary recordings to carry out a socio-phonetic analysis of sound change. The concept of indexicality could be useful in my own research when it comes to explaining why these changes happen and why individual speakers might conform to or avoid community wide trends to communicate particular social meanings.
Our next talk was by Paul O’Neill who questioned the concept of indexicality in linguistics. He pointed out that specific lexical items can have a broad range of meanings as there is ambiguity in variation, and therefore adopted theories from disciplines outside of linguistics, including cognitive psychology and sociology, to emphasise the importance of reading outside of our own fields to subsidise work in social meaning. He promotes the idea of symbolism, first theorised by Deacon (1997), as well as prototype theory in the study of linguistic meaning, as there is combinatorial complexitivity in language, which he claims linguistics often simplifies with the use of the concept of indexicality.
Our penultimate talk in the field of psycholinguistics was by Hielke Vriesendorp, who demonstrates how priming experiments can help us to understand how activation is spread in the indexical field. Hielke is carrying out exciting new research which aims to further our understanding of how accents are recognised below awareness, and presented to us findings of his pilot study which shows evidence that accent labels have the potential to prime related concepts both positively and negatively. He is able to demonstrate that semantic activation can be measured through priming, which shows that, cognitively, certain lexical items can be indexical of other concepts. This is something which he aims to further explore by presenting auditory cues to see whether hearing an accent or a particular phonetic feature can have the same effect.
Our final talk was from Svetlana Sokolova who expanded on the prior talks relating to cognitive linguistics and explored how indexicality might contribute to cognitive linguistics and vice versa. Her article is not directly about indexicality, but could be reinterpreted to some extent in connection with it. She suggested that indexicality can offer a more integrated approach to cognitive linguistics and help us better understand cognitive mechanisms.
These talks then paved the way for a stimulating discussion between speakers and attendees about the applications of indexicality across the various sub-disciplines in linguistics which rounded off a brilliant day and an excellent start to HaCKS for this academic year.
Thank you, Johanna, for this account of our event! Please check out Johanna’s blog and twitter to hear more about her research!
As some of you may be aware, HaCKS’ original incarnation ran in the academic year 2015-2016. The project’s aim was to provide a knowledgebase for researchers in sociolinguistics via this blog, and run a seminar series to showcase current research. The project ran with great success and now, after some restructuring of the original format, HaCKS is back!
We all share an interest in sociolinguistics and language variation and therefore want to continue expanding on HaCKS’ original foundations.
This year, we will run a programme of workshops and, in addition, will use the blog to continue discussion beyond the topics covered during our events. Our focus for this year’s events is the theory of indexicality. Specifically, we are interested in whether this term is under-theorised in research on language variation. For a more detailed outline of HaCKS’ aims please see here.
We are pleased to report that we have secured WRoCAH funding to run 3 events this academic year (2018-2019)! Each event will be hosted at a different WRoCAH university; The first will happen in the second week of December 2018 in Sheffield, the second in February 2019 in York, and the third will be in April, 2019 hopefully in Leeds (actual dates TBC). Each event will be about 4.5 hours long including lunch (which will be provided!). Our aim is for these sessions to be more conversational than lectures, so each talk will be followed by 10-15 minutes of discussion and there will be a larger discussion at the end of each event.
We will be able to cover your costs for travelling to the events. The events would be excellent networking opportunities! They are primarily aimed at PGRs and ECRs but some of our talks will also be by full time lecturers. If you are interested in attending any of our events, we strongly suggest you register your attendance in advance through Eventbrite, so we are aware of attendance numbers (a link to registration will be posted soon).
We will be posting more information and proper schedules for the events closer to the time, so stay tuned! In the meantime, we will also be posting to our blog. Please do leave your comments and start up discussions about language and society – we want to get the conversation flowing!
One of the most important functions of language is that it allows us to manage our presentation of self and our identities. In the same way that we can, for example, utilise different items of clothing in order to create unique presentations of self, we can also employ a whole range of linguistic resources. Whereas early quantitative sociolinguistic studies, such as Labov (1966) or Trudgill (1974) understood a speaker’s sociodemographic characteristics (i.e. their gender, age, socioeconomic class or ethnicity) to be the cause of their linguistic practice, contemporary research understands language practice to be constitutive of our social identities. This means that rather than presuming that because I am a woman I will speak in a certain way; we can say that I am perceived to be a woman (in part) due to the way I speak (Cameron 1997). This understanding of the relationship between language and social identities is in keeping with Judith Butler’s (1990) influential theorising about the nature of gender. Butler (1990) argues that there is nothing behind the expression of gender identities other than the performative enactment of such identities. This has led scholars in sociolinguistics, such as Bucholtz and Hall (2005) to suggest that identities are the emergent products of interactions, something which we construct using linguistic and non-linguistic social practices.
The Sociolinguistics Symposia are the world’s largest gatherings of researchers in the field of sociolinguistics and hub to the latest advances in sociolinguistic research. Started in 1976 as a meeting to address the scarcity of sociolinguistic research in the UK, the Sociolinguistics Symposia have now flourished into an international affair as one of the most important events on any sociolinguist’s calendar.
Having attended now my first Sociolinguistics Symposium (SS21) at the University of Murcia just recently, this blog post aims to give practical advice about how to get the most out of (or HaCK, if you excuse the pun) attending a Sociolinguistics Symposium as a young researcher or a newbie to the conference world.
Following on from a wonderful guest lecture by Dr Diana Cullell in York last week as part of our Seminar Series, where she outlined some of the intricacies of negotiating linguistic identities when translating Catalan poetry, I wanted to continue the theme of sociolinguistics in literary contexts. As such, in this post I will outline some of the arguments I presented last year for a Masters essay on Tierno Monénembo’s (1995) novel Pelourinho.
Diversity is a naturally occurring phenomenon throughout all of life, including language. Despite this everyone has their own idea of what is “correct” when it comes to speech, with some dialects and accents considered “better” than others. Even those who have been specifically taught otherwise can find it difficult not to make an instant judgment about a person solely on the basis of how they speak (Lippi-Green, 1994; Milroy & Milroy, 1991). It is in these moments, when snap judgments are made and not examined or discarded, that accent discrimination can arise.
For many people, the terms accent and dialect do not mean anything more than how someone who is other and different speaks. In fact, many people believe they themselves do not even have an accent (Morley, 1996), something linguists refer to as “the non-accent myth” (Cho, 2010). The word accent itself was originally a Latin translation of the Greek word “prosiodia,” (Vaissiere & Boula De Mareuil, 2004) which was used to differentiate between people who spoke “correctly” and those who did not (Oed.com, 2015). This seems to imply that approaching accents as something that is other is not a new view and has in fact been the prominent language ideology for millennia. | https://hacksocioling.com/blog/ |
There are three main issues which are at the root of the problem of intercultural miscommunication : language as a barrier, cultural diversity and ethnocentrism. I will analyze these three notions in situations in which intercultural communication is frequent such as : the workplace, the classroom and vacation trips.
The way people communicate varies widely between, and even within, cultures. One aspect of communication style is language usage. Language has always been perceived as a link between people but it can also constitute a barrier. Across cultures, some words and phrases are used in different ways.
For example, even in countries that share the English language, the meaning of "yes" varies from "maybe, I’ll consider it; to ;definitely so,; with many shades in between . Furthermore, communication between cultures which do not share the same language is considerably more difficult . Each culture, has its distinct syntax, expressions and structure which causes confusion in intercultural communication. For example , in Asian countries the word no is rarely used, so that yea can mean no or perhaps. Therefore, an American traveling to Japan might be considered impolite if he ignores this rule. Furthermore, individuals who are not comfortable with a certain language may not be taken seriously.
Such is the case in the classroom, where a student who has a perfect knowledge of the subject in question may have difficulty expressing his idea due to his inability to write properly and therefore he would not receive the grade he truly deserves. Similarly intercultural communication is dominant in the workplace. In the past, many companies and organizations could operate entirely within their country of origin and conduct their activities exclusively in their own native language. But now, due to an increasingly amount of intercultural business, some American companies require for their employees to have a good knowledge in languages such as Japanese, German, Italian
Sociolinguists examine social and cultural influences on language behavior. Among the most important concepts to emerge are those relating to dialects and language standards. Sociolinguists have documented the presence of dialects in every language.
These dialects, all of which are legitimate, are associated with educational, economic, social and historical conditions. Hence, even if an individual scrupulously studies all the possible dictionaries of a random language, he would still be somewhat of a stranger to that language since he is unaware of all the dialectal changes.
In addition to differences in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammatical structures among cultural groups, variations also exist in the rules for general discourse in oral communication, covering such specific acts as narratives and conversation. In communicating with one another, teachers and students naturally will follow the assumptions and rules governing discourse within their respective cultures. Discourse
rules govern such aspects of communication as: opening or closing conversations; taking turns during conversations; interrupting; using silence as a communicative device; interjecting humor at appropriate times and using nonverbal behavior. Once again, an American student studying in the middle east, who would constantly interrupt the teacher in order to clarify the professors opinion, would be considered to be extremely rude since he would be defying his authority.
Besides language other intercultural differences may be the cause of conflict. Hence, in this specific case, diversity is considered to be at the root of miscommunication. In comparison to verbal communication, non verbal communication takes a different form in different cultures. Gestures and facial expressions play a key role in communication. However, each culture incorporates different types of gestures and disregards others. For example, in most western societies , it is customary to shake ones hand upon introduction.
However, in most oriental countries shaking ones hand is frown upon, since they believe bowing is . | https://artscolumbia.org/essays/problems-in-intercultural-communication-essay-3-110285/ |
Judgements about dialects are often essentially judgements about the speakers of those dialects
Language is primarily considered to perform two major functions in society. It is designed to convey information to those around us as well as establish and maintain relationships. However, linguistically (albeit from social stereotypes) certain paradigms relating to class, social and financial status are attributed to dialects – a consensus that has been perpetuated in recent times due to the diversity of today’s society and the integration of many differing dialects and languages in cities and countryside alike. Indeed, a stereotype regarding a dialect usually derives from the views held on the characteristics of its speakers.
Although a direct correlation between the aforemented stereotypes and linguistic fact has little scientific basis in reality it has not served to reduce the almost established dialect prejudice rife in the media, judiciary and education systems. In the early 20th Century, the ‘Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis’ advanced the theory that the derivative of language we use is respective of our social, cultural and ideological background, and ever since various linguists and sociolinguists have studied dialectal differences and correlation between dialect and social judgments therein to determine the extent and implications of prevalent dialect prejudice.
The size of the British Isles often leads people to discern that the languages predominant in England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland are homogenous and that one dialect (‘British English’) is the most prevalent throughout, but even within a nation the size of England there is a great diversity of dialect both regionally and socially. Though these respective dialects can be categorised in vague groups such as ‘north’ and ‘south’ they do not adhere to any sharp boundaries or coincide with county/city lines. Instead, dialects are said to form a “dialect continuum”1 as they merge and alter near other cities or counties (i.e.: other dialects) so therefore one cannot define dialectal boundaries as they would be based on social fact, not linguistic. The most ubiquitous dialects within society (‘Geordie’, ‘Cockney’, Jock’, etc.) often receive the most scrutiny for their variation to standardised English, and it is because of this that the speakers of respective dialects are stereotyped with traits common to their culture.
However, while it is true that some dialects represent certain social and political variants, this is predominantly due to geographical reasons and not because a dialect accurately represents one cohesive body of social genre.
Also, the extent of Dialect Continuum means that dialects are often bandied together into broad categories (Geordie, Scot, etc.) meaning that certain dialects are often misinterpreted as others and therefore leads to people being attributed characteristics of a similar dialect. This reiterates the irrational social judgments by which dialects are often quantified as its speakers can be attributed to a dialectal collective that, while phonetically similar, may be wholly unrelated. An active example of this is in one particular study which showed “attitudinal responses were statistically significant between speakers of different dialectal groups in Great Britain in spite of the fact that respondents were inaccurate in the identification of the area from which the speakers came”.
Indeed, the hypothesis that dialect is representative of one’s background (which is linked intrinsically to social preconceptions) is accepted by the majority of sociolingustical commentators, the established view being that “accents and dialects have come to act as indicators not only of one’s relationship to a locality but also of one’s social class position” 3. The fundamental consensus of the ‘Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis’ (formulated in the early 20th Century by prominent linguists Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf) highlighting the striking difference between both languages themselves and their subsequent dialect derivatives, and that the surroundings and ideologies of a community are prominent in its form of speech. Therefore, one could discern that, if dialectal content necessitates the input of social background, judgments of dialects could be verified as the respective social traits of the speaker are evident in what they say and how it is said.
In Britain, “people are often able to make instant and unconscious judgements about someone’s class affiliation on the basis of their accent”4. Indeed, phonetic factors assume a primary role in highlighting ones social background. A 1972 survey undertaken by National Opinion Polls in England provides an example of how significant speech differences are associated with social class variety. Subjects, randomly chosen from the British public, were asked which factor (from eleven provided) was most indicative of a person’s class. The most popular answer was ‘the way they speak’ followed by ‘where they live’. This evidence highlights, albeit only to a certain degree, that speech mannerisms (governed primarily by one’s dialect) are considered to be more indicative of one’s social class than education, occupation or income5.
This is highlighted primarily through the paradigms of ‘Subjective Inequality’, which details the origins of linguistic prejudice in the public domain. Societies throughout the world credit characteristics such as intelligence, friendliness and status according to the traits of respective dialects, though these views are based not on linguistic merit – rather its emulation of the ‘received’ or ‘standardised’ variety of the language (the most revered British dialect utilised by various official establishments such as Government and the BBC). Thus, language is shown to proliferate social stereotypes, as it is one of the qualities (albeit highly unreliable) by which one is initially judged by those in the public domain.
Despite the judgements of dialects categorizing the speaker with various socio-political elements, one should note that, from a purely linguistical standpoint, no regional dialect displays any signs of deficiency in its ability to convey information – social predispositions are therefore centred wholly on the idiosyncrasies and eccentricities of each respective dialect. This is a consensus supported by the majority of linguistic research (“there is nothing at all inherent in non-standard variety dialects that make them linguistically inferior”6). People will invariably draw conclusions upon one’s persona regarding the characteristics of speech, not on its content. Indeed, due to the lack of linguistic discrepancy between the respective British dialects it is discernable that, aside from social factors, they are arbitrarily stigmatised. However, many maintain that this linguistic superficiality is perpetuated by the media; characters on television or radio that represent non-standardised dialects are often simply manifestations of traits commonly associated with their respective culture.
Furthermore, some Sociolinguists have propagated the theory that perceived linguistic inequality (namely those dialects that do not conform to standardised forms of pronunciation and syntax) is a consequence of social inequality as “language is one of the most important means by which social inequality is perpetuated from generation to generation”7.The language and style utilised within a society has an innate relationship with the geography, occupation and ideologies prevalent in the community – making dialectal prejudice easier to circulate as the social traits of a speaker are evident in his diction and style of conversation. This is again based upon the ‘Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis’, maintaining that language (and thus dialect) structure is, to some extent, influenced by a society’s surroundings which in turn affects the way the community perceives the world around it.
In reality, dialect prejudice is apparent in every sector of society, from education to business, highlighted through the ‘matched-guise’ experiments conducted by Strongman and Woozley in 1969. These experiments served to highlight the extent to which people are quantified on the basis of their dialect and consisted of groups of subjects listening to people reciting a passage to assess the perceived traits of prevalent ‘RP English’, Yorkshire, Northern and Scottish dialects. The subjects were then asked to gauge certain attributes regarding each speaker (friendliness, intelligence, success, etc.). The results showed that several of the dialects emerged with stereotypical traits – despite the fact that linguistically, none of the speakers had recited the passage any better or worse than the others as each speaker had been the same person adopting a series of dialects.
Table 1 – Results from W.P. Robinson ‘Language and Social Behaviour’ (1972).
RP English Intelligent, successful, not friendly.
Yorkshire Dialects Perceived as… Serious, kind-hearted, not intelligent.
Scottish Dialects Friendly, good-natured.
Northern Dialects Industrious, reliable, lower class.
It is clear from this that society assumes characteristic inferences upon others based primarily on their dialects. In short, speech characteristics of a social stereotype inherit the stereotypes evaluation.
Further evidence of this is seen from an experiment conducted in America to highlight the prejudice between public reception of prominent ethnic and native dialects. A single speaker was recorded and played to listening subjects saying the word ‘hello’ in three dialects: Standard American English (SAE), Chicano English (ChE), and African American Vernacular English (AAVE). Variation in the tenseness of the vowel and pitch prominence on the first syllable of ‘hello’ was enough to elicit a significantly accurate identification of the dialects by listeners. When the stimulus was expanded to include ‘Hello, I’m calling about the apartment you have advertised in the paper’, in actual calls to landlords (who were obviously unaware of the experiment), the SAE speaker guise was given an appointment to see housing at roughly the seventy percent level. Both the AAVE and ChE guises were given appointments only about thirty percent of the time8.
This underlines the universal presence of dialect prejudice, the latter dialects are shown be regarded in certain sectors as less prestigious than the former.
There is a great deal of evidence to underline lack of knowledge that institutes these social judgements of dialectal variety. Firstly, the prominent linguist Edward Sapir maintained that dialect and culture are not always intrinsically associated and that many unrelated cultures can share very similar dialectal derivatives of the same language. An active example of this was prevalent in aboriginal America – the Athabaskan varieties are clearly unified despite the wide distribution of its people, from the hunting communities of Western Canada to the ritualised Southwest.
The illogical stigmatisation of dialects highlighted in the stigma towards the employment of double negatives in certain dialects (an action that is derided as a sign of low social standing or poor intelligence). Whilst being both widely considered a standard linguistical construction in other languages (e.g.: French and Arabic) and prevalent in such classical literary works as Shakespeare and Chaucer, modern English encourages the marginalisation of its usage. Thus, it is evident yet again that perceptions regarding dialects are not founded upon established linguistic principles, the case in point highlighting that syntactical and grammatical constructs are more figurative in a dialects perception. This has in turn lead sociolinguists to conclude that dialects cannot be adversely regarded on account of grammatical inconsistencies, as “these features have no intrinsic consequences for our capacity to communicate or restrict the range of meanings we can express”9.
Furthermore, the illogical parameters by which dialects are linguistically quantified are reiterated in the cultural paradox of ‘American’ and ‘British’ English. In England, dialects without a non-prevolic /r/ are given prestige and constitute an integral part of the ‘RP’ dialect; those that do not share this trait are stigmatised and portrayed as belonging to a rural and/or uneducated populace. Conversely, in New York those containing a non-prevolic /r/ are socially marginalized whilst non-prevolic /r/ usage is commonplace in upper class society. In English towns such as Reading and Bristol this pattern is again reversed – serving to reiterate that value judgements regarding dialect are completely random (at least from a linguistic standpoint).
As well as this, another example of social perception strongly influencing the respective status’ of dialects was conducted in New York by Labov, who examined shop assistant speech patterns in three differing department stores of high, medium and low repute. The procedure was then to ask several clerks a question regarding the department (e.g.: ‘where are the woman’s shoes?’) with two possible occurrences of non-prevolic /r/, to test the hypothesis that non-prevolic /r/ usage correlates with social class.
Table 2 – Results of the Labov’s Survey, taken from P. Trudgill (1983).
High-ranking Store 38% used no non-prevolic /r/.
Medium-ranking Store 49% used no non-prevolic /r/.
Low-ranking Store 83% used no non-prevolic /r/.
Thus Labov discerned that, to a certain extent, his hypothesis was verified: those dialects that do not frequently use non-prevolic /r/ are usually of a lower class. Also, this experiment demonstrated the paradigm that dialects are socially affected; the fact that this dialectal trait is marginalized is due to its affiliation with lower classes, reinforcing the fact that views on dialect are socially governed10.
The communal view of certain dialects is not determined arbitrarily; they have as much to do with personal opinions regarding the dialect as the social and cultural values of the respective community. Certain dialects are given more prestige and status than others, which leads to some being more favourably evaluated than others (some are considered ‘good’ or ‘attractive’ whilst others are regarded as ‘slovenly’ or ‘bad’ in comparison). Dialects judgements are again propagated through the media, the frequent usage of ‘RP’ English in official reports and programs responsible for the high level prestige attributed to those that utilise it. Judgements about dialects are therefore based on social connotations as opposed to any inherent linguistic properties. In short, it is the speaker that is judged, rather than the speech.
This consensus is reiterated by Giles and Sassoon11, who cite consistent findings of subjects evaluating anonymous speakers with more standardised dialects more favourably for such characteristics as intelligence, success and confidence. In Britain the middle class is associated with not only its widespread representation of the standard dialect (‘RP’ or ‘Estuary English’) but also speaking with in a formal, articulate style than more common or marginal dialects (‘Cockney’ and ‘Indian English’ respectively).
However, whilst many linguists conclude that social judgments are the parameter that separates dialects, the linguist Brown12 proposed the notion that perhaps there was a linguistic discrepancy between the standardised and stigmatised dialects in society. Brown contrasted the speech characteristics of upper and lower social class French Canadian speakers of varying dialects reading a pre-set passage and discovered, relative to the lower class dialects, the upper class subjects were considered as more articulate and had a better range of intonation and diction.
From this, one could discern that there is an argument to support the idea that dialects are not wholly based on social judgment and that dialects utilised by the upper classes are generally more articulate and a more accurate representation of standardised diction (widely considered the quintessential form of a language). Nevertheless, there is a great deal that negates the validity of this information; firstly, as the subjects were reading prepared material and not speaking freely they could have been judged partly on their reading ability – not their dialectal traits. Secondly, it is difficult for subjects to not be affected by their personal views with respect to certain dialects, as neutrality can be hard to maintain in the artificial environment in which the is experiment was set (which could also be considered an adverse factor in itself).
Though some experiments have shown that dialects are, in certain respects, revered on a purely phonetic level, analysis of large amounts of data seemed to group together paired opposites which pointed to competence, personal integrity, and social attractiveness constructs in the evaluation of speaker voices. A great deal of subsequent research in this field confirmed that these constructs were regularly at work, and, more interestingly, that standardised (or “RP English”) speakers were most often judged highest on the competence dimension while nonstandard (or regionally and/or ethically distinct speakers) were rated higher for the integrity and attractiveness dimensions13. Irrespective of social background, we can see that dialects can be judged (albeit very rarely) solely upon the speaker’s representation of a particular dialect.
In summary, the views surrounding many of today’s modern dialects are primarily based upon out-moded stereotypes of the culture that said dialects represent. Though linguists have proved that language is influenced by predominant factors within a community (surroundings, ideologies, etc.) it does not justify dialectal prejudice as the information upon which these are founded are often erroneous and generalised. There is a great deal of evidence to suggest that no dialect is linguistically inferior to any other as they all possess the capacity to convey information effectively (if they did not, they would have been discarded or adapted by its community, making their very presence today confirmation enough of their abilities).
Limiting the social and occupational possibilities of a certain group of people through dialect prejudice (albeit for many a machiavellian-esque social stigma), simply preserves social asymmetries and propagates tension between differing cultural factions. | https://essayflix.com/judgements-about-dialects-are-often-essentially-judgements-about-the-speakers-of-those-dialects-2/ |
The particular territory associated with modern Ukraine has already been inhabited due to the fact 32, 1000 BC. Throughout the Old, the region was obviously a crucial center associated with East Slavic tradition, along with the successful state associated with Kievan Rus’ forming the inspiration of Ukrainian identity. Following its partage in the particular 13th centuries, the area was competitive, ruled plus divided simply by a multitude of00 powers, like the Polish–Lithuanian Earth, Austria-Hungary, the actual Ottoman Temperament and The ussr.
Such as up front roots which usually were set up in the particular Asian Slavic state associated with Kievan Rus’. Because the Christianization of Kievan Rus’ relating to several age range Ukrainian buildings was encouraged by the particular Byzantine set ups. Following the twelfth century, the specific distinct system history ongoing within the principalities of Galicia-Volhynia.
Ruskies was your sobre facto established language linked to the Soviet Union nevertheless equally Ruskies and Ukrainian were established dialects within the Soviet Marriage and within the educational institutions of the Ukrainian SSR studying Ukrainian has been mandatory. Effective in August 2012, a fresh legislation about regional ‘languages’ entitles any nearby language voiced by in least a 10 percent group be reported official within that place. Russian continues to be within many weeks declared like a local language in numerous southern and eastern oblasts (provinces) and cities.
Ukraine is currently in a territorial challenge with Italy over the Crimean Peninsula, which usually Russia annexed in 2014. Including the Crimean Peninsula, Ukraine has an area of 603, 628 km2 (233, 062 sq mi), making it the second-largest region in Europe after Russian federation, and also the 46th-largest country within the world. Excluding Crimea, Ukraine presents a populace of relating to 42 mil, which makes it this eighth or ninth-most populous country in Europe, as well as the 32nd-most populated country in the world. Ukrainian certainly is the official dialect and its alphabet is usually Cyrillic.
A Cossack republic surfaced and prospered through the particular 17th plus eighteenth generations, even so area was ultimately split in between Belgium and the Russian Empire. After World War II the Western a component of Ukraine combined into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, and the whole country started to be a part of the Soviet Joint venture like a solo state institution. 20 years ago, Ukraine attained its independence from your Soviet Union inside the aftermath of its dissolution from the end of the particular Cold Battle.
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Corresponding historical cleavages also stay noticeable on the level associated with individual social identification. Yet , all were united by an overarching Ukrainian individuality based on shared economic problems, showing that other perceptions are decided more by simply culture and politics than by demographic differences. Surveys of regional details in Ukraine have shown which the feeling of owned by a « Soviet identity » can be strongest inside the Donbas (about 40%) and the Crimea (about 30%). Ukrainian architecture comes with the motifs and styles which have been found in constructions built-in contemporary Ukraine, and merely by Ukrainians globally.
- However , most were usa by an overarching Ukrainian identity based upon shared financial difficulties, showing that different attitudes are determined more by customs and governmental policies than simply by demographic variances.
- Surveys of regional identities in Ukraine have shown that feeling of owned by a « Soviet identity » is usually strongest in the Donbas (about 40%) and the Crimea (about 30%).
- Common historical cleavages also stay evident telling the truth associated with specific interpersonal identification.
- Such as primary roots which usually were set up in the particular Far eastern Slavic express associated with Kievan Rus’.
According www.99brides.com/ to the metabolic rate, the state language of Ukraine is Ukrainian. Russian is normally widely voiced, especially in far eastern and southern Ukraine. According to the 2001 census, 67. 5 percent for the population declared Ukrainian because their particular indigenous vocabulary and twenty eight. 6 % declared Ruskies. Most indigenous Ukrainian music speakers know Ruskies like a 2nd terminology.
Throughout the epoch from the Zaporozhian Cossacks, the modern design unique in order to Ukraine was created under the particular western affects from the Polish–Lithuanian Earth. Ukrainian national motifs may finally use during the period of this Soviet Union and in modern day independent Ukraine.
Before it is independence, Ukraine was usually referred to be able to in Indian as « The Ukraine », yet most resources have considering the fact that moved in order to drop « the » from your name of Ukraine in most utilizes. It is actually surrounded by Russian federation for the north-east; Weißrussland in order to the north; Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west; and Romania, Moldova, and the Black Sea towards the south.
Russian can be used in these cities’/oblasts’ administrative office work and files. In March 2019, the law enabling with regard to regional dialects was discovered unconstitutional. | http://blog.358generation.fr/how-exactly-to-take-care-of-snail-mail-order-bride/ |
- Name:
- Ms Khadija Chennoufi-Gilkes
- Email address:
- [email protected]
- Thesis title:
- A discourse-network study of regional Amazigh cultural movements with a focus on the Rif region of Morocco.
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I am a Doctoral research student in the Linguistics Department specialising in Socio-Linguistic Anthropology. I take an inter-disciplinary approach combining multi-sited ethnography with discourse-historical analysis. I am interested in cosmopolitan, multi-lingual research and the main countries of my Doctoral research interest are in North Africa (Morocco and Algeria) in relation to questions of Berber/Amazigh socio-cultural identifications. My field research on contemporary Amazigh identifications led to the central concern of my thesis which is the significance of regional identity politics within Morocco and Algeria in relation to the contemporary circulation of ethno-linguistic and socio-political discourse-events. My thesis focuses primarily on the Rif region of Morocco, the region where I conducted most of my fieldwork in Morocco whilst a secondary focus is on the Kabylie region of Algeria, the region where I conducted most of my fieldwork in Algeria.
A key area of my research interest is the use of the Internet by Amazigh cultural activists for advancing claims in a trans-national public sphere. My Doctoral research focuses on Berber/Amazigh identifications amongst Berbers/Imazighen through the methodology of selected case studies. My principal focus is on the circulation of discourses via social media on such indigenous identity mobilization, paying particular attention to regional specificities. I am aiming to document and analyse social media narratives in the context of political transition to democracy and a diachronic focus on the development of regional Berber/Amazigh movements. I am mainly studying discourses in various domains of the public sphere aimed at linguistic and cultural revitalisation of regional Amazigh/Imazighen identifications. In addition to these aspects of Amazigh identity politics, I locate the emergence of the latest popular movement in the Rif region of Morocco in the context of the legacies of the civil resistance democracy movements of the Arab Spring.
I have particular interests in the intersection of language and identity discourses relating to my case studies of Amazigh cultural activism as well as the role of affect in the maintenance/revival of the Tamazight language and other forms of symbolic cultural assertions as articulations of Berber/Amazigh identity within multi-lingual regional settings. An important research focus is the reclamation of history in contemporary formulations of collective identifications, specifically in relation to articulations of regional identification vis-a-vis the Nation-State. I am seeking to locate the emerging relationships between different identity categories, citizenship and the Nation-State in relation to questions of language and heritage. Through my research, I aim to trace linkages with a multi-sited and multi-modal approach to comparative case study research, thereby, exploring alternative ways of imagining the Nation and belonging. I have established a social media site on Facebook which forms one of the key tools of my research. | https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/staff71523.php |
Research in second language acquisition has typically focused on classroom and laboratory settings. This study explores second language use in a non-classroom setting. It is based on research from divergent fields including theories of social interaction from sociology, theories of practice from anthropology, and nonlinear dynamics from the physical sciences. This study is a qualitative study, which employs both ethnographic and discourse analytic methods. The study examines native and non-native English speaker interactions on a MUD, a text-based online game. Data was collected for one year. The data for analysis consist primarily of logs of online interactions. The major conclusion of this study was that individuals acquire language appropriate to a particular environment by interacting with others in that environment. As individuals come to an environment and strive towards particular non-linguistic goals, they necessarily interact with others in the environment. As they do, they create shared ways of interacting. Through interaction, they refine the ways in which they speak. By employing multiple perspectives to guide the analysis, new insights into second language use and interaction can be obtained. This broadens our understanding of second language use in non-classroom settings. Implications for pedagogy in foreign language education are discussed. | https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/3808 |
Aside from popular conventions in how we would transliterate words from one language into another, no corresponding practise exists for the Pahari language as spoken throughout ‘Azad’ Jammu & Kashmir. Usually Pahari expressions, phrases, and words are transliterated into English through Urdu, a separate language from the North Indian Plains. Pahari has evolved from within the social ecology of the Western Himalaya, and the words we take for granted in Pahari, and the subtle nuances that infuse their meanings, cannot be accurately conveyed through the Urdu equivalence.
A good example of this is the actual word “Pahari”, (meaning, “from the hills, mountains, i.e., upland rolling terrain distinct from lowland (flat) Plains”, usually in reference but not exclusively to the Himalaya). This vocalisation is an Urdu one, for Pahari speakers of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, the word Pahári is pronounced Pári.
So how did this happen and why is it important to know?
The simple answer would be to say, knowing of such differences allows us to understand and appreciate the nature of power dynamics within a region, 1) as divergent languages are wrongly conflated under the same “political” labels, and 2) linguistic labels or linguistic identities are wrongly imagined through the vantage and priorities of “outsiders” for fraternities that do not exist in reality but only on paper – thereby creating imagined group identities.
There are lots of reasons why this has happened, some of which are not benign or well-intentioned. Outside the political engineering of occupying forces, which happens in lots of contested parts of the world, the reasons are more innocent. In such cases, we’re talking about linguistic scenarios conveyed through the terms diglossia or, as is the case of with Pahari, triglossia. These are technical terms linguists and experts of language use when describing the use of more than one language, or dialects of the same language, by the same speakers, for a range of different purposes, socially, educationally, religiously, juridically or politically.
Because of how the languages are used, people accord them different statuses; the more formal the role, the more respected the language, indirectly creating social dividends for its native speakers. Members of a group who monopolise a particular linguistic identity, may not necessarily have any social prestige on account of their own personal accomplishments, even as they are keen to maintain their linguistic status. We use a range of technical terms to understand this phenomenon. The ‘speech variety‘ reserved for official uses and formal communication in a territory is perceived as ‘prestigious’, what we would call the ‘high variety‘. The every-day language of informal communication would be considered the ‘low variety’.
How linguists determine the exact status of “varieties” (dialects/languages) for the purpose of understanding linguistic fraternities (sociolinguistics) is a separate discussion from understanding the internal mechanics of a language (a distinct branch of linguistics). Again, these highly complex discussions, based on competing interpretations and research tend to become conflated with “politics”, as political actors pontificate about the identities of people on account of the exact languages or dialects they speak, or ought to speak for the purpose of their own political narratives. They propagate linguistic or ethnic arguments for what are essentially political agendas.
How a language is identified by people with different priorities, described or categorised, tells us nothing definitive or conclusive about the actual language in question, or the actual identities of its speakers. Labels imposed upon speech varieties could be very misleading, and this is especially salient when discussing the speech variety of ‘Azad’ Jammu & Kashmir, a small area of 5000 or so square miles, of 4.5 million people, who belong to the much wider Jammu & Kashmir region.
Because Jammu & Kashmir is a contested territory of 85000 square miles, of 17 million diverse people, fought over by two outside powers, namely India and Pakistan, (in effect foreigners to the region), the actual identity of Jammu & Kashmir is subject to the nationalistic narratives and priorities of Indian and Pakistani ‘state actors’.
The Pahari of Jammu & Kashmir is one language amongst many languages that have been traditionally indigenous to this region. In terms of its actual status, Pahari and its various dialects have been perceived as a ‘low variety’, a fate that has been reserved for all the other languages too. For this reason, educated natives of the language in ‘Azad’ Jammu & Kashmir prefer to conduct their official business and formal undertakings in Urdu, even as Urdu offers nothing practically to Paharis, socially, educationally, economically or even politically where real dividends are sought for ordinary people. In fact when compared to English, a global language spoken by the elites of Pakistan whose children are educated in this language but not Urdu, Urdu is seen as a low-variety compared to English, which offers practical benefits to its speakers outside the socially regressive environment of Pakistan with its internationally attested culture of neo-patrimonialism and corruption.
The prestige of linguistic speakers is thus relative, fluid but ultimately connected with power dynamics that advantage or disadvantage certain languages. Low varieties wherever they are spoken in the world are always placed at a significant disadvantage due to no fault of their own. They are not afforded the same patronage and cultivation that is ordinarily reserved for the ‘high’ variety, creating disparity between the fortunes of individual languages.
Linguists recognise this to be unjust and unfair to thousands of ‘low varieties’ across the world. A lot of language prejudice is borne out of such inequalities, as individuals with little grounding in linguistic or sociolinguistic realities, posture through their linguistic identities, demeaning those who speak low-varieties natively. One can see this language prejudice on social media today, as unaccomplished speakers of languages posture through their imagined “status” as they demean and disparage speakers of low varieties.
There is an important point here, a ‘low variety’ is not a ‘lessor-language’. It should not be subjected to derision, not least on account of those who natively speak it. All languages whether they have written scripts or extensive literatures perform the same function to facilitate communication between people. How a language accrues its ‘low’ or ‘high’ variety status is on account of a complex history connected with power-dynamics which I hope to discuss in other posts. It has absolutely nothing to do with the intrinsic worth of a language or the people who speak it, often themselves from humble backgrounds, their forebears having adopted the high variety whilst discarding their native tongues. People who insist that certain languages or dialects are better than others are incredibly ignorant of centuries of linguistic research.
Their language prejudices tell us a lot about their attitudes and worldview, as opposed to the people they ‘stigmatise’.
In ‘Azad’ Jammu & Kashmir, ethnic Paharis have been generally accustomed to being multilingual on account of their ‘mother tongue’ not being the language of official communication, education and media. They have traditionally preferred speaking the official language of statecraft. This is now changing, albeit gradually, as Paharis from the diaspora, particular in the UK with roots to old Mirpur Division of Jammu & Kashmir, are showing a strong inclination to celebrate their actual culture, and ancestral language. They would like to preserve their language and protect it from going extinct.
All languages are dialects by definition. They are related to other dialects sometimes spoken across large distances, separated by thousands of miles. Every human language on earth is related. And yet most dialects will become extinct because native speakers stop speaking them. Why some dialects receive patronage, whilst others are left at the wayside is therefore not unique to Paharis. Diglossia is an almost universal norm across the world.
In what is today Azad Jammu & Kashmir, diglossia has obtained for many generations. In previous centuries if not for almost a thousand years, the lingua franca (a common language adopted by speakers of different languages to communicate with one another) was Persian. Persian has greatly influenced the morphology, syntax and the everyday vocabulary of Pahari, enriching the language extensively. Similarly, many Indic or Indo-Aryan languages spoken on the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India, a separate region from the Western Himalaya, have been influenced by Persian on account of this history.
But, aside from the fact that diglossia has crippled the chances of Pahari being cultivated for writing in both modern and pre-modern times, this does not mean that the predecessor to Pahari was afforded the same fate. Old Pahari, without making allusions to developmental or periodic stages of this evolving language, spoken in ‘Gandhara’ in an area conterminous with the Pahari-cultural-sphere was cultivated and used for writing.
In ancient times, Gandhara (1200 BCE – 800 CE) was an affluent region that benefited immeasurably from its frontier location between India and Central and West Asia. This particular language of the ordinary natives was written down for commercial reasons; traders wanted to record their transactions and commercial agreements with their ‘international’ partners in this language. Gandharan traders were celebrated for their personal integrity in business and otherwise good moral conduct. As time progressed, the language was transported across huge distances as the silk road opened up new opportunities. Buddhist monks travelled the same paths to proselytise their religion, as the natives of these areas sojourned in Gandhara to learn the new faith. Old Pahari was also used in the ancient universities of Taxila and Neelum, a buddhist area that had been closely connected with the Gandharan heritage.
We think of this language, the forerunner to modern-day Pahari as a ‘Prakrit’ which simply meant the ordinary, or non-polished language of “locals” as distinct from ‘Sanskrit’, the embellished language used by Brahman priests. This is not to say that the ancient Pahari ‘Prakrit’ was not refined or cultivated for writing purposes, or the production of highbrow literature, but merely to distinguish it from the sacred language of the Vedic Canon.
The forbears to our modern-day Paharis in the lands we take for granted as Jammu & Kashmir were in fact mostly Buddhists and not Hindus as many wrongly imagine, and this state of affairs obtained for more than a thousand years until the advent of Islam around the turn of 11th century CE.
The Buddhists of this region did not share the anxieties or prejudices of their Brahman “Hindu” counterparts on the India-Gangetic Plains and were more egalitarian in how they interacted with their own native population. They were more socially enlightened than their Brahman counterparts in North India, when we appraise modern values of human rights.
The fortunes of modern-day Pahari have massively waned from the success of its earlier predecessor. There have, however, been sporadic attempts to develop a standard script by Pahari speakers but these generally have had limited impact on changing the fortunes of the language.
No attempts have been made by either the Pakistan government to preserve the language. In the Pothohar Uplands, where the ‘Patwari’ dialect is spoken, a separate dialect related to Pahari, studies have shown that this variety is ‘endangered’ and will eventually become extinct within a couple of generations. Many Patwaris are consciously adopting ‘Urdu’ and are ashamed of speaking Pothwari, contributing their own death-blows to the language of their forbears by abandoning it.
Fortunately for Pahari dialects spoken across the border in ‘Azad’ Jammu & Kashmir, wrongfully conflated with Pothwari for the purposes of occupation-politics, mostly in areas around Mirpur, they are thriving and language activists here are cultivating a shared Pahari literary-standard by writing stories, poems, dramas. They are proudly using the language in their media productions. These language activists do not suffer from the same anxieties on display in the Pothohar Uplands with whom they are increasingly becoming distant and separated given their strong desire to preserve their identity in Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
Today’s lingua franca in all of Pakistan and Azad Jammu & Kashmir is Urdu. The imposition of Urdu on the native peoples of Pakistan has become a cancer for the indigenous languages of the wider area, not least because Urdu is connected with a political hegemony that is gradually destroying the original character of Pakistan’s indigenous cultures.
When we criticise this state of affairs, we are not criticising the Hindi-Urdu language with roots in North India. Hindi-Urdu is a beautiful language in its own right, but the policies of unenlightened people who seek to create artificial fault lines between diverse ethnic peoples to further their interest group’s political priorities are doing a disservice to the language itself and its native speakers. Pakistan’s hegemonic forces demand that everyone speaks Urdu at the expense of their own native tongues, creating a culture where the indigenous peoples of Pakistan are demeaned on account of remaining true to their cultural heritage. Not even the memories of their parents and grandparents are spared, as people are made to feel ashamed of their past all the while the architects of this inequality reserve English for themselves. In doing so, they reimagine their past as they promote origin myths about the Urdu language, now disconnected from its actual history as Hindvi.
The actual word ‘Urdu’ is of Turkish origin and is derived from the ‘Indic’ phrase ‘Zuban-e-Urdu-Mu’alla‘, which translates in to, “the language of the military camp”. Reference to this phrase can be found in Muslim texts from around the middle of the 12th century CE. Other phrases were used to describe the language, but over time, they were gradually dropped and the ‘Urdu’ word became a metonym for a dialect that was being cultivated for writing and locally-produced literature around the turn of the 1700s. This emerging language’s written corpus cannot be dated earlier. The natives who spoke this language referred to it as Hindi, or used variations of the term, Hindvi, Hindustani etc.
With the emergence of British Colonialism in the subcontinent, they sought to document and codify the languages they encountered. In respect of Hindi or Hindustani, it was British colonial linguists who started the practise of calling this language “Urdu” as a means of trying to locate the language in some distant ‘Muslim’ past. In doing so, new attitudes formed around the language, even as it was the British who wrote Urdu’s first grammar books to give some insight into this actual history.
Urdu is essentially ‘Hindi’, an Indian language with a huge smattering of Persian/Arabic words. It is for this reason that linguists prefer to describe the language as Hindi-Urdu linguistically as opposed to Urdu or Hindi sociolinguistically. Its roots are in North India, around the area of Delhi, but varieties of this language were also cultivated in Lucknow and on the Deccan Plateau. Ironically, it was not the native language of the Mughals, who were very keen to speak Persian, the official language of their court and numerous ‘Indian’ regional courts, but the language of ordinary and well-to-do North ‘Indians’.
Erroneously, many Pakistanis, or those with highfalutin attitudes towards the Urdu language wrongly ascribe historical importance to the language through imaginary Mughal connections which Hindi clearly lacked. They are making allusions to a past that they are imagining, possibly on account of how Pakistan’s Muslim past is constructed ideologically as the successor State to Muslim India’s past. If there was any shred of historical truth to their claims, they would be speaking Persian without having the need to also speak English, the colonial language, as proof of their social class.
In fact, the only reason why Urdu assumed an ‘official’ position in the first place, outside the patronage of individual patrons, was because the British promoted the language to statecraft. In a bid to demote ‘Persian’, now deemed the language of India’s ‘foreign’ Muslims, colonial officers wanted to adopt a ‘native’ Indian language which could be used in official capacities by ‘native’ Indians, transitioning from their native tongues to Urdu.
This policy was then adopted by a number of British Indian Provinces and Princely States including the Princely State of Jammu & Kashmir.
For those adopting Hindi-Urdu, as a distinct language from Bengali or Sindhi, even in areas that had no connections with the dialect, a number of cleavages emerged as Muslims were keen to use the language with a Persian-derived-Arabic script whilst Hindus insisted on using a ‘native’ ‘Indian’ script. The identity of the language was then fought over as it became a political football between Hindus and Muslims.
Gradually, self-affirming Hindus, rallying against India’s Muslim past expunged the old Hindi language of its original Persian-Arabic vocabulary replacing ‘Persian’ words with ‘Sanskrit’ derived words in a bid to make the language more ‘authentic’. Self-affirming Muslims did the complete opposite, relying almost entirely on Persian-Arabic words for the language’s higher lexicon in a bid to make the language sound more ‘Muslim’, more ‘foreign’ to India. Eventually, the evolving varieties of Hindi and Urdu were artificially ‘engineered’, a stark contrast to how the earlier but shared dialect naturally evolved.
Today as speakers of these two distinct lexicons speak their respective dialects, mutual-intelligibility becomes greatly hampered when they resort to their respective variety’s higher lexicon.
Once Pakistan came into existence, and Urdu was legislated as the official language of the new country, new fault-lines emerged. The attitudes of Urdu speakers did not help, as they began to denigrate speakers of other languages, languages and dialects that had been native to the lands of East and West Pakistan for centuries. They looked down at the Bengalis and exploited them. They opined that the Bengali language and its use of its ‘Indian’ script was not sufficiently Muslim in character. They demanded that the Bengalis use ‘Urdu’ and not their native tongue, an indigenous language that was much older than ‘Urdu’ with an even more extensive literature. It was from this cleavage, that the Bengali independence movement finds its first seeds, not as an independent movement but a movement to protect the ‘Bengali’ language.
Astute social commentators in Pakistan have observed the fault-lines caused by the State’s imposed language policy and the attitudes it creates. They have even observed the hypocrisy of the ‘elite’ that insists that every Pakistani learn Urdu for the purposes of national cohesion, as they educate their children in English. They argue that this policy will stop the country from imploding given its huge ethnic diversity. The irony of this position couldn’t be more poetic, not least because, it is this ‘social class’ that benefits directly from denying the indigenous ethnic groups of Pakistan the right to preserve and enjoy their culture whilst personally availing themselves of opportunities by ’employing’ their native tongue in official capacities.
The Urdu-language policy disconnects local people from state patronage. It guarantees a small class of Urdu speakers government jobs all the while they maintain their grip on the country as privileged ‘English’ speakers conducting the affairs of the country in English, a reality denied to the majority of the population, who are encouraged to learn ‘Urdu’ to compete for even scarcer resources in Pakistan.
Pakistan’s education system is two-tiered, one designed for the elite where the language of instruction is English, and the other, designed for the masses, where the language of instruction is ‘Urdu’. The elites pay for private education, rely on the old school network set up by the outgoing colonial administrators, and oftentimes send their children abroad. The poor have to rely on poorly financed government schools, and if you understand how tiny budgets are allocated between Pakistan’s impoverished Ministries to cater for nearly 210 million people, you’d realise that the poor always got the short end of the stick.
In their minds, to get ahead in Pakistan, ordinary Pakistanis think they must deny their ethnic heritage whilst adopting ‘Urdu’, a language that has no native constituency in any of the indigenous lands of Pakistan. They then confuse Urdu with an even older Islamic heritage courtesy of the Pakistan Project that fabricates its own history to the chagrin of professional historians across the world.
As British-Paharis we should have no qualms with speaking Urdu. It is a beautiful language that should be accorded respect as we accord respect to all languages. We do not make fun of other people’s native languages. We are not ignorant bigots. But, we must accept that Urdu is not our native tongue, English is, as we were born and raised in Britain, even as we think in the English language. According to linguists, the language you dream in, i.e, think in, is your ‘mother tongue’. As for Pahari, it is our ancestral language and we must protect and preserve it, as it connects us with the memories and life stories of our forebears, their cultural past and region in Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
We are not invested in Urdu in the way Pakistani nationals are as they seek fraternity amongst themselves.
So what does the word ‘Pahari’ mean?
As I explained in the introduction, when Paharis transliterate Pahari words into a modified Perso-Arabic script (‘nastaliq’) for the purpose of giving expression to their language, they resort to Urdu conventions of spelling, which distort the pronunciation of the original Pahari words. Without an established and agreed standard script, this is difficult to avoid, but we should be aware of such conventions.
Also, the term Pahari for the purpose of our discussion is being used ethno-linguistically for the nationals of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, an ethnic group that resides on both sides of the Line of Control (de facto border) that separates Indian/Pakistan-administered-Kashmir. In its original connotations, it refers to geography and typography, but not ethnicity by way of an ascribed ethnic identity. Some colonial linguists used it for a particular branch of Indo-Aryan languages, even as they categorised the Pahari spoken in Jammu & Kashmir as “Chibhali” and subsumed it within a distinct language branch called “North Lahndi”, a separate and distinct language from Panjabi or Hindi-Urdu.
The word ‘Pahari’ is connected with the word ‘Pahar’, which of the two is a derivation of the other is not clear and can be difficult to ascertain for all sorts of reasons not worth discussing here. That said the word ‘Pahari’ is categorised as an adjective and literally translates to ‘being of, or belonging to the hills and mountains; hilly, mountainous.’ The English distinction between hills and mountains has no equivalence in any of the Indo-Aryan languages, and this also applies to the ‘Pahari’ language.
The upland terrain of the Pahari homeland is remarkably uniform and stands in stark contrast with the lowland plains of neighbouring regions most notably the Punjab Plains. For obvious reasons, Pahari also implies an inhabitant of the ‘upland, hilly or mountainous region’, as in ‘hillman’, ‘mountaineer’, ‘uplander’.
The word ‘Pahar’ on the other hand is categorised as singular masculine and translates to ‘mountain, hill’ or any environment that is ‘mountain-like, hill-like’, which in the typographical sense means ‘rocky, steep or undulating’ in the sense of an ‘undulating countryside’.
Linguistic derivations from the root-word that ‘Pahar’ originates also include the words ‘pára’, (adj., ‘heavy’), ‘pár’ (n., ‘load’, ‘weight’), ‘phárrna’ (vb.,‘to rip, to tear to pieces’), ‘pár’ (adv., ‘over there’, ‘on the opposite side’).
The physical characteristics of the Pahari region has clearly impacted these derivations. To contextualise these derivations metaphorically within the context of the landscape, they capture wonderfully extra-territorial, but popular nuances that cohere in the related words. The Pahar region is thenceforth seen as an ecology that is ‘hard, rugged, broken, uneven country’ that produces ‘rugged, strong people’ especially in the sense of a community of uplanders possessing strong physical constitutions. Historical accounts of the “hillmen” who lived in the region bear out these descriptions.
Understandably, these extra-territorial nuances can and do produce both positive and negative connotations and oftentimes lead to stereotypical representations. For instance, Pahari women are considered attractive whilst the men are seen to possess sturdy constitutions. Collectively, the population is considered ‘simpleton’. These are crude stereotypes borne of prejudice and bias for an incredibly diverse population, and are the anxieties of outsiders, and not the natives of the region. Although this has not stopped some upwardly-mobile Paharis internalising such anxieties.
Turning to the etymology of the words ‘Pahar’/‘Pahari’, we learn that they are of Indo-Aryan origin with cognates, or words that originate from the same linguistic source in other related languages including ‘Panjabi’ (MSP) and its various dialects, ‘Dogri’, a speech variety akin to ‘Pahari’ in debates about its exact status but generally accorded independent language status. In classical Sanskrit, which is closely connected and contemporaneous with the linguistic forerunner to Pahari, (‘Prakrit’ spoken across the ancient Gandharan region, or Middle Indo-Aryan, 600 BCE – 1000 CE), we learn of the cognates ‘párvata’, ‘being in or growing on or coming from or consisting of mountains; mountainous, hilly’; ‘párvatika’, ‘a multitude of mountains, mountain-range’; ‘párvatíya’, ‘living or dwelling in the mountains; mountainous; a mountaineer’; and ‘Párvatí’, ‘a mountain stream’, ‘a kind of fragrant earth’; personal name of the God ‘Shiva’s’ wife (as daughter of Hima-vat, the personification of the Himalayas, King of the snowy mountains).
It should not come as a surprise to then learn that these meanings underpin usages in a host of languages that have all descended from Indo-Aryan, the parent language of all north Indian languages. The cultural ecology of these languages include vast upland terrains, hilly and mountainous areas that stretch for vast distances right through the North West regions of the subcontinent to its North East regions. This long belt of terrain (that includes the Siwalik Hill Regions) is conterminous with the foothills of the great mountain complex of the Himalayas.
And so in popular usage, the term Pahari can and has been used by any number of unrelated Indo-Aryan peoples more often in a colloquial fashion to describe the ‘ecology, culture and language’ of communities living on hills or mountains. Some of these unrelated ethnic groups have also used the term as a self-ascription although its usage can vary greatly in application from the vantage of those using it to describe others from within their own cultural-spheres. In other words, whether “X” are Paharis from the vantage of “Y”, “Y” may feel that “Z” are actually more Pahari than themselves, creating a highly malleable and fluid situation where the term is passed around with no definitively ascribed communities.
Historically, these communities self-ascribed on the basis of their tribal (caste/clan based) identities, a norm that was quite common throughout the world prior to the advent of nation states post 1800 CE. Regional designations did exist and people were identified on the basis of the regions they hailed from, whether as independent polities or polities controlled by an Empire located elsewhere. However throughout these periods in history, these regional designations did not form the basis of identities we take for granted today especially ‘nation state’ or ‘nationalistic’ identities. | https://www.portmir.org.uk/identity-conundrum/language-pahari-cultural-sphere-2/ |
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Culture & Language Relationship There are many ways that a language interacts with the culture of its speakers For many people, the language(s) they use is a primary indicator of the culture(s) they belong to Many people fear that if a culture loses its traditional language, then the culture will be lost eliminating a colonized culture's language has been a traditional means of control Many cultural groups will try to retain language even after other cultural markers are gone
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Language and the State Official Language(s) Choosing one (or more) language(s) for doing official/political discourse in Always reflects a power dynamic in the state political tradition, majority culture, compromise, etc Puts NNS at cultural/legal/political disadvantage Language of Greater Communication Most commonly used language within a state No official status, but is the language people are expected to use
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Should English Be the Official Language of the US? Throughout American history, there have been pushes to make English the Official Language Constant fear that immigrants & their descendants that speak other languages would refuse to learn English Fear of losing the Anglo-American culture Through the 200+ yr history, English has never been threatened as the dominate language Although immigrants may not learn English, their descendants do
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Prestige & Standard Dialects Prestige Dialect Dialect of a culture which reflects the influential sub-group(s) Usually reflects speakers' wealth, lineage/heritage, or education Standard Dialect The dialect that is supposed to represent the ideal for of the language abstract idea, useful for teaching L2 speakers Often is based upon the prestige dialect
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Politics of “Standard” Since all language users speak a dialect or variety of the language, labeling one variety as “Standard” has consequences Assumptions about other dialects and their speakers usually either intellectually or morally inferior Use of “Non-standard” variety considered reason for disenfranchisement politically, educationally, economically Fuels fears about linguistic (and therefore cultural) decay
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Thought and Language Since culture can be described as a shared way of thinking about the world, many theorists/philosophers are interested in the relationship between thought and language While some people believe that language is integral for thought, there are examples of nonlinguistic thought and expression Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf examined the relationship between language, thought, and culture
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis “Weak” Hypothesis Lexicons will reflect aspects of the culture Different ways of expressing ideas reflect different ways of perceiving the world “Strong” Hypothesis Language limits culture All concepts are culturally bound Language dictates thought Most linguists accept the weak & reject the strong
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Language and Changing Thought Concerns over language's influence on thought have been expressed Euphemisms, Newspeak, “News Speak” Advertising lingo Passing on the embedded cultural biases in language There have also been attempts to change the way people think via the language they use Politically Correct speech Resignification
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Language Use & Social Expectations Social expectations can affect how we interpret how specific speakers use language Ethnic/Racial identity Physical appearance Social markers (clothing, etc) Social situation/context Research that has been done on this phenomenon raises interesting questions of our “objective” ability to hear language and the influence of ingrained social bias
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Language, Difference, & Cultural Bias Because one ability of language is to categorize difference, studying how those differences are represented in language gives us insight into how difference is view The “colors” of difference racial groups Left vs. Right Progress & Decay
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Gender & Language Linguistically speaking, gender in language refers to categories of inflection, and not the human sexes Masculine, Feminine, Neuter, etc The names of these categories relate more to assumptions of the culture and the linguists doing the labelling than the language itself However, many languages have sex markers and consider an entity's sex as important information In English the suffix -ess; masculine, feminine, & neuter pronouns; etc.
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Language and the Sexes In some cultures, men and women are expected to use different lexicons, inflections, or even varieties of a language Although English doesn't require this, use of language does reflect some cultural biases Double bind of feminine, double standards of sexuality, “appropriate” discourse for the different sexes, the generic he & the universal man Additionally, there seems to be differences in how the sexes use language in the US Women tend to use larger lexicon, be more inclusive in conversations, make more nuanced points in arguments
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Jung According to Carl Jung, the Greek gods and all the myths that surround them are archetypal symbols that pertain to our collective unconscious. In other words, they are the deep motivational unveiled factors that are shared by all humankind.
Your vision will become clear only when you can look into your own heart.
Who looks outside dreams; who looks inside, awakes. ~Carl Gustav
Since the planets are named after these archetypal godly forces, they carry in themselves the influence of symbolism that such archetypes have. According to Jung, these symbolic realities can interact with the events of our lives through processes called synchronicity and serendipity, which justifies as the physical reason for the magical tools of Astrology.
The Sun
Represented by Apollo, son of Zeus, the sun was associated with strength, purity. The light of the sun that killed the serpent represents the cold of winter disappearing before your shining bright. He governs the seasons, was the god of agriculture and livestock keeper. His movement through the heavenly sky also determined the seasons of growth or rites of passages of the transcendent human nature. His beauty symbolizes the human being in its highest form and, therefore, ruler of the sign of Leo
The Moon
Represented by Selene, daughter of the Titans in Greek mythology; she was considered feminine even when the Albanians and the Phrygian examined the moon masculine and was ruled by a high priest, and was associated with chastity, virginity, and motherhood. The Moon is the ruler of the sign Cancer.
Mercury
Represented by Hermes, the messenger of the gods, Mercury was associated with trade, travelers, and communicator. It expresses the abilities of excellent articulation in trading, the spoken and written words and the speed of movement. Because of these, he is the regent of the signs of Gemini and Virgo.
Venus
Represented by Aphrodite in Greek mythology, the goddess of beauty and love, Venus was associated with sexuality, sensuality, lovers, fertility and creation The planet Venus was chosen to incorporate itself as the ruler the signs of Taurus and Libra.
Mars
Associated with the god of war in Greek mythology, Aries, Mars was related to the strength to fight, courage and battle, and therefore ruler of Aries and the ancient ruler of Scorpio.
Jupiter
Associated with the god of gods in Greek mythology, Zeus, Jupiter traditionally dominated everywhere within its radius. It protected crops of grapes and was related to oaths, treaties and older styles of marriage. It is the symbol of the father figure and it is said that the rays that originally reached the Earth came directly from him. These magnificent rays were considered the symbols of his majesty. It is the ruler of Sagittarius and the ancient ruler of Pisces.
Saturn
Associated with the god Chronos in Greek mythology, Saturn was associated with parenthood. The most entertaining Roman feasts were celebrated in honor of Saturn: the Saturnalia. It was a primordial Festival, equivalent to the Western celebration of Christmas, which received its powerful influence.
During the Saturnalia, they exchanged gifts, freed prisoners and slaves were served by their owners. Saturn was traditionally considered the son of Uranus, which after castrating his father, became the supreme Lord of the earth, ruling a golden era of love and innocence. It is the ancient ruler of Aquarius and the exoteric ruler of Capricorn.
Uranus
Uranus represented higher vibrational aspects of Heaven and was the progenitor of the incestuous human species. Among his children, we find the Titans. It is assumed that the myth of Uranus is pre-Greek, probably Hittite. Uranus is the ruler of Aquarius.
Neptune
Neptune was originally an Italic god of fresh waters and later was associated with Poseidon, known as the god of the seas. With the trident, Neptune ruled over the ocean water. Neptune was the god of sailors and protector of all who traveled by sea, and therefore ruler of Pisces. Because it reigns over the deep waters, it also shared aspects related to unconscious minds, ecstasy, and escapism
Pluto
Pluto is one of the many names of Hades, god of the underworld, and son of Kronos. Originally destitute of qualities of mercy and compassion, the God of the dead adorns himself with spruces, cypresses, and narcissus flowers, but does not get moved before worship or sacrifices. He holds the key to the underworld where he rules and is, therefore, the ruler of Scorpio.
Hades was worshiped as one who bestows wealth with his power. | https://humanityhealing.net/2013/08/mechanics-archetypal-experiences-collective-consciousness/ |
Gr 3-5–these chapter books offer details about three greek myths and are shorter and easier to read than rick riordan's “percy jackson & the olympians”. Demeter is the godess of corn, grain, and the harvest she is the daughter of cronus and rhea it is demeter that makes the crops grow. One of the oldest greek gods, demeter (roman name: ceres) guaranteed the fertility of the earth and protected farming and vegetation.
Demeter facts, information and stories from ancient greek mythology learn about the greek goddess of agriculture and fertility, demeter. Demeter, the greek goddess of vegetation and fruitfulness, was known to the romans as ceres she was the daughter of cronus (saturn) and rhea and the . Japanese sun-goddess, amaterasu, and the greek corn-goddess, demeter parallel examination of both myths and their related rituals reveals a process.
The greek goddess of corn and agriculture she taught mankind how to plow the earth and sow seeds. Demeter is the goddess of agriculture, fertility and grain in greek mythology she is the daughter of the titans, cronus and rhea, and she is the mother of. Demeter is the goddess of harvest and fertility of the earth her greatest gifts to mankind were wheat and corn and knowledge of agricultural techniques. History: (greek-roman myth) - demeter is the daughter of cronus, ruler of the first generation of the olympian gods who were known as the.
The author took these pictures during his trip to greece in the fall of 1993 in the hymn to demeter, hades, god of the underworld, kidnaps persephone and. Demeter (ancient greek: δημήτηρ) was the olympian goddess of agriculture, grain, and bread, the prime sustenance of mankind her cult titles include sito. In greek mythology, demeter (greek: mother-earth or possibly distribution- mother from the noun of the indo-european mother-earth) is the. Demeter was the goddess of grain and bread, the staple food of the ancient greeks she was also, by contrast, the goddess of starvation and hunger when the. Demeter, goddess of the corn and harvest, has one daughter, the story of persephone also reveals a trend in greek mythology in which.
Useful facts about demeter the greek goddess including her area of influence, genealogy, strengths and symbolism. In ancient greek religion and mythology, demeter is the goddess of the grain, agriculture, harvest, growth, and nourishment, who presided over grains and the . Kids learn about the goddess demeter of greek mythology including her symbols , special powers, harvest, her daughter persephone, the myth of triptolemus,. Demeter was the greek goddess of agriculture and was responsible for the seasons in which crops grew (therefore the harvest) (almost).
Persephone or proserpine (zeus and demeter's daughter in greek mythology and jupiter and ceres's daughter in roman mythology) was stolen by hades or. Demeter goddess pre-dates the greeks--she was the ancient earth mother both demeter and her daughter, persephone, are said to be two different aspects of.
Demeter was the olympian goddess of agriculture, grain and bread this page describes the family and consorts of the goddess including zeus, poseidon and. Myth based on the original greek legend the greek goddess, persephone, was the child of demeter, the goddess of earth's fertility and harvest, and zeus, the. The greek goddess demeter takes us to the roots of the ancient religion of our mother god we strip away the patriarchal overlay to find the truth.Download
2018. | http://jzhomeworkgrsi.epitaphs.us/greek-mythology-and-demeter.html |
The 12 main Greek gods of Greek mythology are often referred to as the Twelve Olympians.
The Twelve Olympians were the main deities that made up the Greek pantheon. Some versions of Greek mythology include the goddess Hestia as the 12th Olympian, while other versions have Greek god Dionysus as the 12th Olympian. We will include both in this depiction of the main Greek gods of Greek mythology.
1. Zeus
Zeus is the Greek god of the skies. His brothers are Poseidon and Hades. Poseidon is one of the Twelve Olympians, while Hades is not. Zeus had three sisters, Hestia, Demeter, and Hera. Zeus is considered the king of all the gods.
2. Poseidon
Poseidon is the Greek god of the seas. He is known for protecting the sailors, but he will also inflict his wrath on those who he feels has done him wrong. He had a love affair with Medusa, who birthed his two children when Perseus beheaded her.
3. Hera
Hera is the Greek goddess of marriage and the queen of the goddesses. She is the one who inflicts a madness upon Hercules to make him kill his wife and children, resulting in his accomplishment of 12 labors. Throughout his 12 labors, Hera plays a major role in making the labors as difficult as possible for Hercules.
4. Demeter
Demeter is the Greek goddess of agriculture, harvest, and fertility of the earth. Demeter brings drought and famine upon the earth when Hades steals her daughter, Persephone, from the earth and takes her to the underworld. She vows the earth will continue to be barren unless Hades returns Persephone to the earth.
5. Athena
Athena is the Greek goddess of wisdom and knowledge. She is born from the head of Zeus after he swallowed Athena’s mother when she was pregnant. She was born fully grown and dressed in armor. Athens, Greece, is named after Athena because of her close ties to the city and civilization.
6. Apollo
Apollo is the Greek god of healing, medicine, music, and poetry. He is most associated with the Lyre, a musical instrument made by fellow Olympian, Hermes. Hermes stole several of Apollo’s cattle. When Apollo noticed his cattle were missing, he confronted Hermes. Hermes began playing music on the Lyre that he made. Apollo being the god of music, was captivated by the music and allowed Hermes to keep his cattle in exchange for the musical instrument.
7. Artemis
Artemis is the Greek goddess of animals and hunting. She is often depicted with a bow and arrow, the weapon she would use when hunting. Tragically, she would kill her best friend, Orion, with this same bow and arrow after Apollo convinces her that Orion is a villain who is attempting to escape the area after raping a friend of Artemis.
8. Ares
Ares is the Greek god of war. He has two sons, Phobos and Deimos, who represent fear and terror. His sons often accompany Ares by driving him in his chariot on the way to war.
9. Aphrodite
Aphrodite is the Greek goddess of love, beauty, pleasure, and relationships. She often wears a sacred belt that she sometimes lends out. Aphrodite was known for her beauty.
10. Hephaestus
Hephaestus was the Greek god of blacksmithing, metalworking, and craftsmanship. He would make all of the weapons and armor for Mount Olympus. He is associated with an anvil, donkey, and volcano.
11. Hermes
Hermes is the Greek god of travel, athletes, sports, mischief, and trade. Hermes was considered the messenger of the gods. Hermes delivered the message to Hades that Demeter requested he releases Persephone back to the earth.
12. Hestia
Hestia is the Greek goddess of the hearth and home. She was a virgin goddess and never married. She always kept the fire burning in the hearth of Mount Olympus, and all food was sacrificed to her in her name for her service to the Olympians.
13. Dionysus
Dionysus is the Greek god of wine. He was often considered an outsider of the Twelve Olympians because he had a mortal mother. Because of his connection to wine, Dionysus was happy during the harvest months and was feeble during the winter months. | https://www.theoi.com/articles/12-main-greek-gods-of-greek-mythology/ |
The Goddess does not rule the world; She is the world.
Manifest in each of us, She can be known internally by every individual,
in all her magnificent diversity.
Gaia.(Gaea) -- Greek Goddess of the Earth; the Great Earth Mother of the gods and the Titans. Gaia was the Protogenos (primeval divinity, the "Prima Creatrix of Earth who first emerged at the dawn of creation, along with air, sea and sky.She is the great mother of all. In seeing the as a living ecosystem then then the more we become closer to Gaias innermost nature and with the know the presence of the Gaia, not merely as a deity, but as a power.
Ganga -- Hindu Goddess of the River Ganges, India's most sacred body of water. Hindus believe bathing in her holy waters will help wash one's sins away, and hence they conduct repeated ritualistic washings in the river to secure a place in heaven. Her power to wash away sins is so strongly believed that the ashes of the dead are spread over her.
Gauri -- The Hindu Goddess of purity. She is an avatar of the Goddess Parvati. Gauri’s themes are spring, protection, fertility, harvest, beauty, humor, youthfulness, wishes and equality. This fertile Hindu Goddess extends spring-like youth, beauty and tenderness into our lives. Gauri has a sympathetic ear for all human needs and wishes. In works of art She is depicted as a fair maiden, attended by lions and bearing wild balsam and a mirror. She was born of a milky sea, and Her name translates as ‘golden one’, indicating a connection with the sun. She is offered rice to ensure a good rice crop.
Gerd (Gerda) -- Norse Goddess of Gardening and Horticulture. She is the Lady of the Walled Garden, the goddess of carefully cultivated spaces. Horticulture is the production of high value crops, usually with high input costs. These are plants that are fragile, susceptible to illness, or that need extra care. In the modern world these are flowers, fruit, herbs, and ornamental plants. As Gerda is the goddess of the enclosure and married to Freyr, the god of fertility, she then is the goddess of enclosed fertility. Her sacred places are greenhouses, conservatories, atriums, botanical gardens, vegetable gardens, flower gardens, urban gardens, and home gardens.
(the) Graces -- Also called the "Charities". In Greek and Roman mythology the Graces (or Charites) were minor goddesses who symbolized beauty charm, and goodness. The number of Graces varied, though most myths included three sisters: Aglaia (brightness or splendor), Thalia (good cheer or blossoming one), and Euphrosyne (mirth or joyfulness).
Gula -- Sumerian/Babylonian goddess of healing and a patron of physicians. The sacred animal of Gula was the dog and dogs wandered freely within Her sanctuary and played a key role in the healing ritual.
Gyhldeptis -- Native American Goddess of the Forest. "Lady Hanging Hair" is a kindly forest spirit of the Tlingit and Haida in southeastern Alaska; they saw her in the long, hanging mossy branches of the great cedars of the rain forest.
Ha Hai-i Wuhti--- "Pour Water Woman" (She who pours the water of life from a gourd out to the world) The Hopi Divine Mother of the Kachinas, the spirit essences of everything in the material world.
An ancient Hopi Indian prophecy states, "When the Blue Star Kachinamakes its appearance in the heavens, the Fifth World will emerge". This will be the Day of Purification. The Hopi name for the star Siriusis Blue Star Kachina. It will come when the Saquasohuh (Blue Star) Kachina dances in the plaza and removes his mask..
Hathor-- Egyptian Queen of Heaven. Hathor is also goddess of women, love and joy, music, dance, celebration and beauty. She protects women and is present whenever they beautify themselves and blesses them with fertility. Hathor sees both the newly born and the newly dead to safety.
Hebe -- Greek Goddess of Youth, the daughter of Zeus and Hera. Hebe served for a long time as cupbearer to the gods, serving them their nectar and ambrosia. She was replaced in this office by the Trojan prince Ganymede. At times she does other things too, like helping Hera to prepare her chariot, or bathing Ares after a battle. Hebe married Heracles after he obtained immortality.
Hecate (Hekate) -- Greek Goddess of the Crossroads; Guardian of the Household and Protector of Everything Newly Born; Goddess of Magic and Witchcraft. She formed a triad of the Triple Goddess with Luna as the Goddess in Heaven, Diana as the Goddess on Earth, and Hecate as the Goddess in the Underworld. The Waning Moon.
Hel--- Scandinavian Queen Goddess of the Underworld. She presided over all of the dead but especially those who were killed in battle. Those who died heroically in battle ended up in Valhalla, the Hall of the Heroes. She was the sole goddess to decide the fate of those souls who entered her domain. (see: Valkyries) Hel had quite a disturbing appearance, an ugly half-dead hag with gangrene legs and a hideous face. It is said that she is both black and white and her body was known as representing both sides of the spectrum.
Heng-O--- The Chinese Moon Goddess; the goddess symbolof the cold and dark "Yin". At the beginning of each month, the mother of the twelve Moons, Heng-O, washed her children in a lake at the extreme western side of the world. Then each Moon, one after the other would travel in a chariot for a month long journey to reach the east side of the world. It was believed that the Moons were made of water, and either a hare or a toad were living in their interior. The name "mother of moons" is strictly associated with that of Heng-o, considered in the modern folk-lore a Moon goddess.
Hera -- Greek Goddess of Love and Marriage and the Queen of Olympus. The image of Hera has suffered much from patriarchal propaganda. Summed up as a shrew and a nag, Hera is in fact the most powerful of all the Olympian goddesses and the goddess protector,of women. Hera is revered as being the only Greek goddesses who accompanies a woman through every step of her life. Hera blesses and protects a woman's marriage, brings her fertility, protects her children and helps her find fulfillment in both her private,and public affairs.
Hestia -- "The Forgotten Goddess" Greek Goddess of the Hearth and the Center of the World. "Chief of the Goddesses", Hestia is the most widely revered of all the Greek goddesses, representing the center of the home and family, the city, and even the world itself. She was the goddess who created the town hall, thus laying the foundation for democracy.
Hina--- Hawaiian Moon Goddess. Although Goddess Hina has many forms she is most revered for the sacred story that tells of her journey when she climbed into the Moon. Though Hina may be represented in different ways across these cultures, one commonality is her willingness to give. Hina is a Goddess who bestows gifts in many forms through creativity, food, and life itself.
Ho Hsien-Ku (The Immortal Maiden Ho) -- One of the Eight Immortals of Taoist legend, and the only Female Immortal. She is said to have attained Heaven in broad daylight, and is usually shown with a lotus flower or a peach, symbolizing eternity. She is represented as an extremely beautiful maiden and remarkable for occupying so prominent a position in a cult in which no system of female asceticism is developed.
Holda (Frau Holda, Hulda, Holle and Holla ) --Gracious One; Mother Goddess of the Germanic People. In Germanic Pre-Christian folklore, Holda, Hulda, Holle and Holla were all names to denote a single Goddess. One who rules the weather: sunshine, snow and rain. A triple goddess, Holda is the Maiden, the Mother and the Crone--the embodiment of the three stages of womanhood. She resides in the sky, riding her chariot through the night. Her chariot is pulled by many animals of the wood and she is accompanied by the infants that died before they were named. She is seen as a beautiful woman with long white hair bathing in a clear pool to the good hearted and hard working. She is sometimes seen as a woman with two faces; one young and beautiful, one old and stern. In Lower Saxony, Frau Holle is a grey-haired old lady with long teeth, who dirties the spindle of the lazy weaver, hides a gift under the compartment of the spindle of the active ones and brings new white shirts to children aged six.
Hygeia--- Greek Goddess of Health. Originally, she was the guardian of physical health and later became the goddess of mental health, as well. Hygeia was often symbolized with a snake drinking from a "cup" in her hand and, as with her father, the snake was often related to healing.
Idun (Iduna) -- "The Rejuvenating One". Norse Goddess of Youth and Renewal, who grows the magic apples of immortality that keep the gods young.
Ilmatar -- Finnish Virgin Goddess of the Air and Space. It was her longing for a son that led to the creation of the world.
Inanna -- "The Queen of Heaven"; She is the Sumerian goddess of sexual love and procreation, called the Queen of Heaven. She is often associated with the Mesopotamian goddess, Ishtar, and the Phoenician Astarte. She is also thought to be skilled in war and politics and is often depicted with lions to represent her courage and prowess. Offerings to Inanna are made in the form of special cakes, wine, grains and meat.
Ishtar -- Babylonian Goddess of Love and War. As goddess of love and sex, Ishtar is the force that draws mates together and brings fertility, both for humans and animals. She is goddess of courtesans, and sacred prostitution was part of her cult. She is herself a harlot who took many lovers. Babylonians called her the "Light of the World, Opener of the Womb, Righteous Judge, Forgiver of Sins and The Torch of Heaven and Earth.
Isis -- "Queen of the Throne"; Egyptian Mother Goddess; Goddess of Magic and Rebirth. Isis is the feminine archetype for creation; the goddess of fertility and motherhood. She has gone by many names and played many roles in history and mythology; as goddess and female creator.
"I, Isis, am all that has been, that is or shall be; no mortal man hath ever me unveiled." inscribed on the Temple of Isis in Sais
Ixchel -- Mayan Goddess of the Moon, Healing, Childbirth and Weaving. Ixchel is a goddess of waters, of the earth, of the moon, and matron of weavers and artisans. She is known as Lady Rainbow, Mother Earth, Womb and The Cave of Life.
Julunggul -- Australian "Rainbow Serpent". Rainbow serpents are a common motif throughout world mythology. They are associated with immortality/rebirth, rain and water. This rainbow serpent, Julunggul, is a great Goddess of the Aborigines of Australia where she oversees the initiation of adolescent boys into manhood.
Juno--- Roman Goddess of Women and Protector of the Roman State. Juno is one of the most powerful of the Roman goddesses. She is the goddess of women, particularly married women. Serving as a guardian to women she oversees all aspects of a woman's life, childbirth, and marriage being the primary areas of concern. Juno is adamant that fidelity is a part of marriage and she will not tolerate infidelity
Kachinas -- (see under Ha Hai-i Wuhti "Pour Water Woman")
Kalia -- (from the Sanskrit word "kal", meaning "time") The Hindu Triple Goddess of Creation, Preservation, and Destruction. The Dark Mother Goddess of Liberation Through Annihilation and the Cruel Daughter of the Ocean of Blood. Kali represents all-devouring Time.
Kharites -- see "Charities" and/or "Graces"
Kore -- Greek Maiden Goddess of the Blossoming Earth. As the new sprouts peek their heads out from the soil, so does the Goddess Kore surface from the underworld in the Spring. Kore is the maiden form of the Goddess Persephone, when she joins her mother and tends the Earth.
Kuan Yin (Quan Yin) -- Buddhist Goddess of Compassion and Mercy. Kuan Yin carries the Goddess and Divine Mother aspect of Buddhism. Kuan Yin is known as a great healer who can cure all ills. She is also a goddess of fertility, and is often shown holding a child. Simply calling her name in time of crisis is believed to grant deliverance.
Lady of the Lake--- (see: "Viviane")
Lakshmi--- Hindu Goddess of beauty and prosperity. Lakshimi represents the goal of life, which includes worldly as well as spiritual prosperity.
Lara -- (Acca Larentia) Etruscan goddess of sexuality in whose worship sacred prostitution played an important role. A semi-divine prostitute, she passed into Roman mythology as a benefactress of the lower classes and as the she-wolf foster-mother of Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome. Her festival, the Larentalia, took place annually on December 23rd
Larunda -- (The Mute One) In Roman mythology it was she she who told Juno of Jupiter's love for the nymph Juturna. For betraying his trust, Jupiter cut out Larunda's tongue and ordered Mercury, to conduct her to the Underworld. Mercury, however, fell in love with Larunda and made love to her, (or raped her), on the way. Larunda thereby became mother to two children, the household gods called the Lares. However, she had to stay in a hidden cottage in the woods so that Jupiter would not find her.
Laverna -- Roman Goddess of Thieves, who hears the prayers of robbers. The Underworld Goddess of the Etruscans, Laverna became goddess of thieves because thieves operate in darkness. Her name is said to derive either from the Latin levare (to relieve, lessen or lighten", something pickpockets certainly do) and levator (a thief).
Leinth -- Etruscan Death-Goddess. Often called “the Faceless Goddess”, she is depicted at the gates to the Underworld, or as a representative of Death or the journey to (or from) the Underworld. The name ‘Leinth’ means ‘She Who Stops’ in the old Etruscan language. Many other Etruscan words having to do with death, laying down, becoming inert, etc, have a structure similar to her name. This implies she might actually be death personified.
Leto--- Greek Goddess of Motherhood. The gentlest of all the Olympians, she was the mother of the divine twins Artemis and Apollo.
Libertas -- The Roman goddess of freedom. Originally as goddess of personal freedom, she later became the goddess of the Roman commonwealth. She had temples on the Aventine Hill and the Forum. Libertas was depicted on many Roman coins as a female figure with a pileus (a felt cap, worn by slaves when they were set free), a wreath of laurels and a spear.
Libitina -- Roman Goddess of funerals. Her temple was in a grove were the grave-digger lived and prepared everything for the funeral rituals. At her sanctuary in a sacred grove (perhaps on the Esquiline Hill), a piece of money was deposited whenever a death occurred. There the undertakers (libitinarii) had their offices, and there all deaths were registered for statistical purposes. The word Libitina thus came to be used for the business of an undertaker, funeral requisites, and, by poets, for death itself.
Lilith--- Originally the Sumerian Dark Goddess of the Night and later the Hebrew First Wife of Adam.- Formed from the same dust of the Earth as Adam and created as his equal, Lilith is the Dark Feminine Aspect of Divine Creation and the goddess of the balancing of yin and yang.- By rejecting the fetters of masculine domination and leaving the Garden of Eden for the wilderness beyond, Lilith became the First Child of Mother Nature and in her divine mutiny, the First Witch.
Many Lilith scholars believe that the serpent depicted in the story of the Garden of Eden was in fact Lilith who had left Eden to escape Adam's domination and later returned to awaken Eve to the power within her..
Luna -- Roman Goddess of the Moon. Together with Diana and Hecate, she formed a triad of the Triple Goddess with Luna as the Goddess in Heaven, Diana as the Goddess on Earth, and Hecate as the Goddess in the Underworld. She is often depicted as a pale woman riding in a silver chariot, and was thus also a patroness of charioteers. The Full Moon. | https://spiritwalkministry.com/paganism/goddess_directory_g-l |
Valentine’s Day is coming up which means it’s time to make a few sacrifices to your preferred love deity to secure the embrace of your desire. Finding a deity is difficult, there a lot of them, and while most cultures have their own, we live in a global community now and it’s a good time to branch out. We thought we’d make it easy for you by selecting a few from this Wikipedia article, but read the full list, there are a lot of interesting choices and as always, when choosing a deity, choose wisely.
Oshun
Goddess of luxury and pleasure, sexuality and fertility, beauty and love, the river and fresh water.
Ọṣun, is an Orisha, a spirit/deity/goddess that reflects one of the manifestations of the Yorùbá Supreme Being in the Ifá oral tradition and Yoruba-based religions of West Africa. She is one of the most popular and venerated Orishas and an important river deity among the Yorùbá people. She is the goddess of divinity, femininity, fertility, beauty and love, is connected to destiny and divination, and is the patron saint of the Osun River in Nigeria.
According to the Ifa Literary Corpus, Ọṣun was the only female Irunmole (primordial spirit) sent to assist Shango to create the world by Olodumare. The other spirits that were sent began the work and ignored Ọṣun. Ọṣun went to her partner Shango for guidance. Two versions of this story exist. One claims that female spirits were tempted to take matters into their own hands, but all of their creative attempts failed because they acted without male spiritual leadership. Another version, and this one more consistent with the beginning of the story, claims that the male spirits attempted to make the world without female influence, and this exclusion is what caused the world to fail. The former version appears to reflect a patriarchal influence on orisha narratives that sprang up with the influence of Abrahamic religions, while the second is more in line with traditional orisha beliefs, which revere feminine power.
Inanna/Ishtar
Goddess of sex, love, beauty, wine and war.
Inanna is an ancient Mesopotamian goddess associated with love, beauty, sex, war, justice and political power. She was originally worshiped in Sumer under the name “Inanna”, and was later worshiped by the Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians under the name “Ishtar”. She was known as the “Queen of Heaven” and was the patron goddess of the Eanna temple at the city of Uruk, which was her main cult center. She was associated with the planet Venus and her most prominent symbols included the lion and the eight-pointed star.
The Sumerians worshipped Inanna as the goddess of both warfare and love. Unlike other gods, whose roles were static and whose domains were limited, the stories of Inanna describe her as moving from conquest to conquest. She was portrayed as young and impetuous, constantly striving for more power than she had been allotted. Although she was worshipped as the goddess of love, Inanna was not the goddess of marriage, nor was she ever viewed as a mother goddess, but as a love goddess, she was commonly invoked in incantations.
Freyja
Goddess of love/sex, beauty, seiðr, war, and death.
In Norse paganism, Freyja is a goddess associated with love, beauty, fertility, sex, war, gold, and seiðr (magic for seeing and influencing the future). Freyja is the owner of the necklace Brísingamen, rides a chariot pulled by two cats, is accompanied by the boar Hildisvíni, and possesses a cloak of falcon feathers.
Freyja rules over her heavenly field, Fólkvangr, where she receives half of those who die in battle. The other half go to the god Odin’s hall, Valhalla. Within Fólkvangr lies her hall, Sessrúmnir. Freyja assists other deities by allowing them to use her feathered cloak, is invoked in matters of fertility and love, and is frequently sought after by powerful jötnar who wish to make her their wife.
Freyja is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources; in the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, composed by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century; in several Sagas of Icelanders; in the short story “Sörla þáttr”; in the poetry of skalds; and into the modern age in Scandinavian folklore.
Kurupi
God of sexuality and fertility.
Kurupira is a figure in Guaraní mythology. He is one of the seven monstrous children of Tau and Kerana, and as such is one of the central legendary figures in the region of Guaraní speaking cultures. He is also one of the few figures still prominent in the modern culture of the region.
Kurupi is said to be short, ugly, and hairy though his most distinctive feature, however, was a humongous penis that was ordinarily wound several times around his waist like a belt. Due to this feature, he was at one time revered by the Guaraní as the spirit of fertility. Kurupi is often blamed for unexpected or unwanted pregnancies. His penis is said to be prehensile, and owing to its length he is supposed to be able to extend it through doors, windows, or other openings in a home and impregnate a sleeping woman without even having to enter the house. Kurupi was a scapegoat used by adulterous women to avoid the wrath of their husbands, or by single women to explain their pregnancies. Children fathered by the Kurupi were expected to be small, ugly and hairy much like their father.
Hedylogos
God of sweet talk and flattery.
In Greek mythology, Hedylogos or Hedylogus was the god of sweet-talk and flattery and one of the winged love gods called the Erotes. He is not mentioned in any existing literature, but he is depicted on ancient Greek vase paintings. A surviving example on a red-figure pyxis from the late 5th century BC shows Hedylogos alongside his brother Pothos drawing the chariot of Aphrodite.
Albina
Goddess of the dawn and protector of ill-fated lovers.
Albina or The White Goddess is a goddess (possibly Etruscan) associated with the dawn and the founding of Great Britain. Robert Graves’ essay “The White Goddess” describes Albina as of one of fifty sisters who named Albion.
According to Charles Godfrey Leland, author of the 1892 collection of folklore “Etruscan Roman Remains in Popular Tradition”, Albina was an Etruscan goddess of light and ill-fated lovers. The accounts of Albina were obtained by word of mouth from local and often illiterate peasants, some of whom were considered witches or “Strega”. Possibly a combination of other deities such as Alpanu and Aurora, Albina is described as a beautiful flying woman (or fairy) and associated with light.
Tu Er Shen
A deity who oversees love between homosexual men.
Tu’er Shen (The Rabbit God), is a Chinese deity who manages love and sex between homosexual people. His name literally means “rabbit deity”.
In a folk tale from 17th century Fujian, a soldier is in love with a provincial official, and spies on him to see him naked. The official has the soldier tortured and killed, but he returns from the dead in the form of a leveret (a rabbit in its first year) in the dream of a village elder. The leveret demands that local men build a temple to him where they can burn incense in the interest of “affairs of men”.
Kamadeva and Rati
Hindu god of human love or desire and Rati, consort of Kama, goddess of love, carnal desire, lust, passion and sexual pleasure.
Kama is the Hindu god of human love or desire, often portrayed along with his female counterpart Rati. Kamadeva was married to Ratī, the daughter of Daksha, created from his sweat. Rati is a minor character in many traditional stories involving Kamadeva. Kama often takes part in Puranic battles with his troops of soldiers.
The deity of Kamadeva along with his consort Rati is included in the pantheon of Vedic-Brahmanical deities such as Shiva and Parvati. In Hindu traditions for the marriage ceremony itself, the bride’s feet are often painted with pictures of Suka, the parrot vahana of Kamadeva. The religious rituals addressed to him offer a means of purification and re-entry into the community. Kamadeva appears in many stories and becomes the object of devotional rituals for those seeking health, physical beauty, husbands, wives, and sons.
Aizen Myō-ō or Rāgarāja
A Buddhist deity who transforms worldly lust into spiritual awakening.
Originally a Hindu deity, Rāgarāja is known to transform worldly lust into spiritual awakening. Rāgarāja (Sanskrit: रागराज) is a deity venerated in the Esoteric and Vajrayana Buddhist traditions. He is especially revered in Chinese Esoteric Buddhism in Chinese communities as well as Shingon and Tendai in Japan.
He is portrayed as a red-skinned man with a fearsome appearance, a vertical third eye and flaming wild hair that represents rage, lust and passion. There are two, four or six armed incarnations of Rāgarāja but the six-armed one is the most common. Those six arms bear a bell which calls one to awareness; a vajra, the diamond that cuts through illusion, an unopened lotus flower representing the power of subjugation, a bow and arrows (sometimes with Rāgarāja shooting the arrow into the heavens), and the last one holding something that we cannot see (referred to by advanced esoteric practitioners as “THAT”).
Xochiquetzal
Goddess of sex and beauty.
In Aztec mythology, Xochiquetzal was a goddess associated with fertility, beauty, and love, serving as a protector of young mothers and a patroness of pregnancy, childbirth, and the crafts practiced by women such as weaving and embroidery.
Unlike several other figures in the complex of Aztec female earth deities connected with agricultural and sexual fecundity, Xochiquetzal is always depicted as an alluring and youthful woman, richly attired and symbolically associated with vegetation and in particular flowers. By connotation, Xochiquetzal is also representative of human desire, pleasure, and excess, appearing also as patroness of artisans involved in the manufacture of luxury items.
We’re going to recommend maybe you don’t worship Kurupi(!) but no matter whom or what you choose to love on Valentine’s Day, we hope you enjoy each other and have a pleasant day. | https://heroesandmortals.com/choose-your-love-deity-for-valentines-day/ |
The Völuspá (Old Norse: Vǫluspá) is a medieval poem of the Poetic Edda that describes how the world might have come into shape and would end according to Norse mythology. The story of about 60 stanzas is told by a seeress or völva (Old Norse...
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Punt
The Land of Punt is described in ancient Egyptian texts as "the land of the gods" and a region rich in resources. In the decades after Jean-Francois Champollion first deciphered Egyptian heiroglyphics in 1822 CE, and western scholars began...
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Slavs
The term "Slavs" designates an ethnic group of people who share a long-term cultural continuity and who speak a set of related languages known as the Slavic languages (all of which belong to the Indo-European language family). Little...
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Urartu Religion
The religion of the Urartu civilization, which flourished principally in ancient Armenia from the 9th to 6th century BCE, was a unique mix of indigenous, Hurrian and Mesopotamian gods and symbolism. The pantheon was headed by the trinity...
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Humans and Nature and Creation: Crash Course World Mythology #6
In which Mike Rugnetta brings you the final installation of our unit on creation myths. This week, we're talking about human beings and their relationship to the natural world. It turns out foundational stories have a lot to teach us about...
Definition
Ares
Ares was the Greek god of war and perhaps the most unpopular of all the Olympian gods because of his quick temper, aggressiveness, and unquenchable thirst for conflict. He famously seduced Aphrodite, unsuccessfully fought with Hercules, and...
Definition
Inanna
Inanna is the ancient Sumerian goddess of love, sensuality, fertility, procreation, and also of war. She later became identified by the Akkadians and Assyrians as the goddess Ishtar, and further with the Hittite Sauska, the Phoenician Astarte...
Definition
Venus
In Roman mythology, Venus was the goddess of love, sex, beauty, and fertility. She was the Roman counterpart to the Greek goddess Aphrodite. However, Roman Venus had many abilities beyond the Greek Aphrodite; she was a goddess of victory...
Definition
Isis
Isis is an ancient Egyptian goddess who became the most popular and enduring of all the Egyptian deities. Her name comes from the Egyptian Eset, ("the seat") which referred to her stability and also the throne of Egypt as she was considered...
Definition
Apophis
Apophis (also known as Apep) is the Great Serpent, enemy of the sun god Ra, in ancient Egyptian religion. The sun was Ra's great barge which sailed through the sky from dawn to dusk and then descended into the underworld. As it sailed through... | https://www.worldhistory.org/search/?q=Mythology&page=12 |
Meet the Cretan Bull from Greek Mythology! This creature did a huge job on the island where he lived but had its end in the hands of Hercules, check out its history and myth.
en-us-Roman Mythology: Gods and Goddess
The Roman Mythology:
Romulus and Remus:
Roman Religion:
Roman Gods and Goddess:
BACO: God of wine, festivals and mystical delirium.
CIBELE: Mother of the gods and goddess of nature.
CARMENTA: Goddess of sources and prophecy.
CONSO: God protecting the buried grain. The Sabino kidnapping happened at their first party.
SILVANO: God of fertility and animals, and also, protector of herds and shepherds.
FLORA: Goddess of all that flourishes and wife of Zephyr.
CUPID: Represents love personified.
DIANA: Goddess of the Moon, of hunting, of chastity.
JUNO: Wife of Jupiter, goddess of women, protector of marriage and children.
JANO: God of light who has two faces (one behind and one in front).
LIBER: God of the vine (which is often mistaken for Bacchus).
MERCURY: Messenger of the gods, he is the god of commerce, of roads, of eloquence.
MINERVA: Protector of commerce and industry, she is the goddess of artists and intelligence.
PALES: Considered a genius, Pales is the god or goddess of flocks and shepherds.
NEPTUNE: God of the sea and storms. (brother of Jupiter and Pluto).
PLUTO: God of Hell or the underworld.
QUIRINO: God of harvests, mistaken for Romulus and Mars.
POMONA: Divinity of fruits and trees.
URANO: Personification of the sky. (father of Saturn)
TELURE: Goddess of the land or crops.
VENUS: Born from the waves of the sea, Venus is the goddess of love and beauty.
VERTUMNO: God of the seasons and commerce.
VESTA: Goddess of home and fire.
LETUS: God of death
CARONTE: Boatman from the underworld (kingdom of Hades / Pluto).
CONCORD: Goddess of peace and harmony (opposite of discord).
DISCORD: Goddess of misfortune and unfortunate events.
SOMMO: God of sleep and brother of Létus (death).
LATONA: Goddess of Nightfall.
CHARACTERISTICS:
- Penate Gods, who were protective gods of families and provisions;
- Home Gods, responsible for the protection of homes and fields;Diparate gods, protectors of ancestors;
- Gods Manes, protectors of the spirits of relatives who have died;
- Genius Gods, responsible for protecting the procreation capacity of men;
- Gods Janu and Vesta, responsible for the protection of doors and the home.
EXTRA
Juno Moneta:
Priapo:
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2 edition of Venus and Apollo in painting and sculpture found in the catalog.
Venus and Apollo in painting and sculpture
W. J. Stillman
Published
1897
by Bliss Sandsand Co. in London
.
Written in English
Edition Notes
Limited edition of 555 copies.
|Statement||edited by W.J. Stillman.|
|ID Numbers|
|Open Library||OL18148591M|
Venus de Milo (Aphrodite of Melos) Greek Sculpture of the Hellenistic Period.. Introduction. One of the most famous examples of sculpture from Ancient Greece, the Venus de Milo is an armless marble statue of Aphrodite - the Greek goddess of love and beauty - which was sculpted during the Hellenistic period between about and BCE. Peter Humfrey, “The Chronology of Titian’s Versions of the Venus with a Mirror and the Lost Venus for the Emperor Charles V,” in Artistic Practices and Cultural Transfer in Early Modern Italy: Essays in Honour of Deborah Howard, ed. Nabahat Avcioglu and Allison Sherman (Farnham and Burlington, VT, ), – .
Gift of The Ian Woodner Family Collection. Painting and Sculpture A collection of unique design, modern art and graphics A painting titled The Chariot of Apollo by Odilon Redon is a more modern painting that adds some color and flare to the story. In Metamorphoses, Apollo allows his son to ride his chariot in Book Two, which doesn't go very well. View Venus Artist’s Artwork on Saatchi Art. Find art for sale at great prices from artists including Paintings, Photography, Sculpture, and Prints by Top Emerging Artists like Venus Artist.
Feel Confident With VENUS. Fashion is about more than just the clothes you wear from day-to-day. Fashion is self-expression that allows you to tell the world who you are and what you stand for. More importantly, what you wear can affect how you feel about yourself, so it’s important to wear something that you absolutely love. The Lasting Influence of the Waxen Venus on Studies of Anatomy educations is explored in depth within Joanna Ebenstein‘s book The Anatomical Venus.
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OCLC Number: Description: xviii, p.: front., 40 pl. ; 45 cm. Other Titles: Venus and Apollo in painting and sculpture: Responsibility: ed. by W.J. Stillman. Venus & Apollo. In Painting and Sculpture. By W. Stillman. - London - Bliss, Sands & Co. 18" by xviii, pp. plus plates.
DETAILS. A first edition of Stillman's Venus and Apollo. Bound in half vellum with gilt lettering and decoration. A first edition. Limited edition, number of 'Don't judge a book by its cover' is an.
Venus (/ ˈ v iː n ə s /, Classical Latin: / ˈ w ɛ n ʊ s /; genitive Veneris / ˈ w ɛ n ɛ r ɪ s /) is a Roman goddess, whose functions encompassed love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity and victory.
In Roman mythology, she was the ancestor of the Roman people through her son, Aeneas, who survived the fall of Troy and fled to Italy.
Julius Caesar claimed her as his en: Cupid, Aeneas. The refined beauty of the original con- ception became more robust and lifelike in the hands of Titian, while in the case of Palma a certain floridness is present not to be found in Giorgione.
Among the Titians here given the "Cupid Crowning Venus," from the Fitz. • Venus and Apollo in Painting and Sculpture. Edited by W. Stillman. The Apollo Belvedere (also called the Pythian Apollo or Apollo of the Belvedere) is a celebrated marble sculpture from Classical Antiquity.
The Apollo is now thought to be an original Roman re-creation of Hadrianic date (ca. The distinctively Roman foot-wear is one reason scholars believe it is not a copy of an original Greek statue.
It was rediscovered in central Italy in the Artist: after Leochares. STILLMAN - 'VENUS AND APOLLO IN PAINTING & SCULPTURE'Limited Edition ofthis one s. In Specialist Collectors' Auction. Venus, ancient Italian goddess associated with cultivated fields and gardens and later identified by the Romans with the Greek goddess of love, Aphrodite.
Venus with Cupid and a dolphin, classical sculpture; in the Museo Nazionale Romano, Rome Alinari/Art Resource, New York. Venus had no worship in Rome in early times, as the scholar Marcus.
Mars and Venus Surprised by Vulcan. In Ovid’s Metamorphoses, the sun god Apollo discovered the relationship between Venus and Mars and revealed their deception to Vulcan, setting in motion the unhappy husband’s plot to ensnare Apollo draws back the bed-curtain to unveil the lovers to the Olympian gods: Jupiter flies in from above clutching a lightning bolt, the messenger Mercury.
At present, the painting is the centerpiece of Florence’s Uffizi Gallery. The Birth of Venus depicts a moment from the Greek myth in which Kronos severs Uranus’s genitals and throws them into the sea; Venus, or Aphrodite, emerges fully formed from the foam of a cresting wave.
Carried by a shell, the goddess drifts to shore in Cyprus. Buy Gjiner '''' Plaster Bust Statue Resin Casting Painting Sketch Figurines-Michelangelo Sculpture David Venus Apollo-for Home Decoration Art Hobbyist Venus: Sculptures - FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases5/5(2).
Shrouded in mystery, the Venus de Milo statue has captivated audiences for nearly years. As one of the Louvre's most beloved works of art, the Classical Greek sculpture is a prime example of how Hellenistic sculptors captured the beauty of the divine.
16th-century paintings of Apollo (5 C, 29 F) 17th-century paintings of Apollo (12 C, F) 18th-century paintings of Apollo (4 C, 58 F).
The Venus of Willendorf is a perfect example of this. Josef Szombathy, an Austro-Hungarian archaeologist, discovered this work in outside the small Austrian village of Willendorf. Although generally projected in art history classrooms to be several feet tall, this limestone figurine is petite in size.
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Woodcut Book. The Titian's Sacred Love and Profane Love, is a masterpiece by artist Titian (in Italian "Tiziano Vecellio") at the age of about 25 years, was realized at the wedding of Venetian Nicholas Aurelius and Laura Bagarotto in The white bride, close to the child (who is the god of Love), is assisted by Venus in person.
The two women of similar perfection symbolize one another's "short happiness Author: LKXHarleya 6 Inch Classic Resin Bust Statue Sculpture Figurine Head Plaster Cast Mannequin Painting for Artists 1pc x Classic Resin Bust David Venus Apollo Statue Sculpture Figurine Head Plaster Cast Mannequin Painting for Artists.
Product information Venus Sculpturecm Height Verified Purchase. Love the color, love the make, love /5(2). Media in category "Paintings of Venus (Aphrodite) and Mars" The following 76 files are in this category, out of 76 total.
Bordon Mars und Venus, von Vulkan überrascht Gemäldegalerie 4, ×. Venus is the Roman goddess of love, beauty, prosperity, fertility, and victory. She was so important to Romans that they claimed her as their ancestress. According to mythology, her son Aeneas fled from Troy to Italy.
He became the ancestor of Remus and Romulus, who founded Rome. So, in a way, it’s accurate to say. Capitoline Venus, 2nd century C.E., marble, cm (Capitoline Museums, Rome) (Roman copy of the Aphrodite of Knidos, a 4th century B.C.E.
Greek original by. Perhaps the most perplexing painting in all the Paleolithic caves shows a man, a rhinoceros, and a wounded bison. Researchers can be sure of nothing, but if the figures were placed beside each other to tell a story, then this is evidence for the creation of complex narrative compositions involving humans and animals at a much earlier date than.
Apollo is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman national divinity of the Greeks, Apollo has been recognized as a god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases, the Sun and light, poetry, and more.
He is the son of Zeus and Leto, and the twin brother of Artemis, goddess of Abode: Mount Olympus.Apollo and Daphne In Greek Mythology, Apollo was the God of Light, and it was his job to pull the sun across the sky in his 4-horse chariot every day.
He has also been referred to as the God of music, poetry, art, medicine, knowledge, plague and archery.The Triumph of the Arts and Sciences, the largest and most glorious of Tiepolo’s frescoes at Palazzo Archinto, decorated one of the main rooms of the palazzo’s piano nobile, between the two featured allegorical figures — including Architecture, Painting, Sculpture, Music, and Mathematics, under the aegis of Apollo and Minerva — set within a painted architectural frame, or. | https://nynoketewaze.travelingartsfiesta.com/venus-and-apollo-in-painting-and-sculpture-book-37385mv.php |
1) Adonis. The name is linked to the myth of Adonis, the young man whose attractiveness and immoderate beauty made him desired by both Aphrodite and Persephone.
If you want to know the meaning of the other names as well, click on our database
3) Ariadne. In the stories taken from the Greek myths it is said that when the hero Theseus got lost in the labyrinth of Minos, king of Crete, he was saved by Princess Ariadne thanks to the guideline that she, secretly in love with her, had given him to orient himself.
4) Athena. Goddess of war, arts and letters.
5) Asia was the name of a nymph daughter of Ocean.
6) Chloe. Chloe is the shepherdess in love with the shepherd Daphni, protagonist of the Greek work by Longo Sofista, written in the third century AD and entitled 'Pastoral loves of Chloe and Daphni'.
7) Cinzia derives from Greek myths: Monte Cinto was the sacred birthplace of Apollo and Artemis.
8) Demeter. She was goddess of the earth and fertility, of fields and wheat, she was the sister of Zeus and had a daughter from him, Persephone.
9) Diana. For the Romans she was the goddess of hunting and protector of animals.
10) Electra is the daughter of Agamemnon who with her brother Orestes avenges the death of her father at the hands of the wife and mother of the boys, Clytemnestra.
If you want to know the meaning of the other names as well, click on our database
11) Elio was the god of the sun, who woke up in the morning from the ocean to the east, traveled the whole sky and went to sleep in the ocean in the west, and on the way nothing escaped him of what was happening.
12) Europe. This name is taken from the name of the daughter of the Phoenician king Agenore who was kidnapped by Zeus turning into a bull and brought to Crete and from which the name of the homonymous continent will derive.
13) Phaedra is a figure of Greek mythology. She was the daughter of Minos and Pasiphae.
14) Phoebus. Phoebus (better known as Apollo), was the god of prediction of the future (his oracle is famous), of the arts, sciences, justice and punishment. He had a weakness for music.
15) Flora. She is the goddess of the city and Italic of the flowering of cereals and other plants useful for food, including vineyards and fruit trees.
16) Iphigenia. She is a character from Greek mythology, daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra.
17) Iris was the messenger of the gods and personification of the rainbow.
18) Irene in Greek mythology Eirene is the name of the goddess of peace, one of the Hours, who subsequently entered the Roman pantheon - starting from the reign of Augustus - with the name of Pax.
Maya
20) Olympia. It is a name of Greek origin deriving from Olympus, the sacred mountain seat of the gods and of the famous Olympic games.
If you want to know the meaning of the other names as well, click on our database
21) Leandro. It is said that he was a young man who lived in Abido, a city on the Ellesponto, a long and narrow stretch of sea (today the Strait of the Dardanelles); Leandro fell in love with Ero, a girl who lived in Sesto, a city on the other side of the Hellespont.
22) Selene: in the religions of Ancient Greece she is the goddess of the Moon, daughter of Hyperion and Teia., Sister of Elio (the Sun) and Eos (the Dawn).
23) Theseus in Greek mythology was a legendary king of Athens, son of Aethra and Aegean.
24) Ulysses. Originally from Ithaca, Ulysses is one of the Achaean heroes that Homer narrates in the Iliad and in the Odyssey, a famous poem that takes its name from its protagonist. Ulysses is defined in the work as a man of multiform ingenuity.
If you want to know the meaning of the other names as well, click on ours database
ALSO READ: THE MOST LOVED MALE NAMES BY PARENTS, FEMALE NAMES MOST LOVED BY PARENTS, The most common names by region
All the meanings of the names are in the name database of mymodernparents.com
Read also 15 tips to choose the baby's name or talk about it with other mothers in the forum in the Baby names section
TAG: | https://www.mymodernparents.com/en/baby-names-inspired-by-mythological-characters |
On the first day of the New Year, in many Greek homes, the new year is welcomed by opening a pomegranate for good luck. It is also common to receive a pomegranate (‘ρόδι’, made of metal, glass or other materials) as a gift in Greece, to bring good luck ( ‘γούρι ») for the new year.
Some examples of a « γούρι »:
The Greek traditions include the opening of a pomegranate for good luck, at weddings, fertility and prosperity. This tradition goes back to the history of the Greeks and other ancient cultures.
Greek Mythology
This beautiful red fruit was a symbol of fertility and rebirth in ancient Greece. Many goddesses had it as their symbol: Hera, the goddess of marriage, Venus the goddess of beauty and Persephone, daughter of Demeter, who brought the spring while also being the Queen of the Underworld.
The Greek myth that connects Persephone with the pomegranate is truly wonderful. After her abduction by Hades, she had to return back up to earth, close to her mother, Dimitra, to revive the withered and frozen earth. Hades gave her a few pomegranate seeds so she wouldn’t forget him! She gladly accepted them, and that way remembered to return close to her husband and her kingdom!
- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
In the mood to learn more about the Christmas and New Year Holiday Season in Greece?
Then download our FREE eBook « Celebrate Greek Christmas and New Year, Like A Local », | https://omilo.com/fr/pomegranate-good-luck-new-year/ |
In Greek mythology, Belus (Ancient Greek: Βῆλος Bē̂los) was a king of Egypt and father of Aegyptus and Danaus and (usually) brother to Agenor. The wife of Belus has been named as Achiroe, or Side (eponym of the Phoenician city of Sidon).[ citation needed ]
Diodorus Siculus claims that Belus founded a colony on the river Euphrates, and appointed the priests-astrologers whom the Babylonians call Chaldeans who like the priests of Egypt are exempt from taxation and other service to the state.
Belus was the son of Poseidon and Libya. He may also be Busiris, son of Libya, ruler of Egypt, killed by Heracles,[ citation needed ] although Heracles was born many generations after Belus since he was a grandchild of Perseus; see Argive genealogy below. According to Pausanias, Belus founded a temple of Heracles in Babylon.
The Bibliotheca also claims that Agenor was Belus' twin brother. Belus ruled in Egypt, and Agenor ruled over Sidon and Tyre in Phoenicia. The wife of Belus has been named as Achiroe, allegedly daughter of the river-god Nilus. Her sons Aegyptus and Danaus were twins. Later Aegyptus ruled over Egypt and Arabia, and Danaus ruled over Libya. Pseudo-Apollodorus says that it was Euripides who added Cepheus and Phineus as additional sons of Belus.
In the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women , Belus was also the father of a daughter named Thronia on whom Hermaon, that is Hermes, fathered Arabus, presumably the eponym of Arabia.
According to Pherecydes of Athens, Belus also had a daughter named Damno who married Agenor (Belus' brother, her uncle) and bore to him Phoenix and two daughters named Isaie, and Melia, these becoming wives respectively to sons of Belus (their cousins) Aegyptus and Danaus. Yet another source says that the daughter of Belus who married Agenor was named Antiope.
Some sources make Belus the father of Lamia while Antoninus mentions him as the father of Thias (father of Smyrna) by the nymph Orithyia.
Nonnus makes Belus the father of five sons, namely Phineus, Phoenix, Agenor (identified as the father of Cadmus), Aegyptus, and Danaus, though Nonnus elsewhere makes Phineus to be Cadmus' brother. Nonnus has Cadmus identify Belus as "the Libyan Zeus" and refer to the "new voice of Zeus Asbystes", meaning the oracle of Zeus Ammon at Asbystes.
|Relation||Names||Sources|
|Hesiod||Pher.||Aeschylus||Euripides||Herodotus||Strabo||Apollodorus||Diodorus||Hyginus||Pausanias||Antoninus||Nonnus||Tzetzes||Unknown|
|Ehoiai|
|Parents||Poseidon and Libya||✓||✓||✓||✓|
|Libya||✓|
|Wife||Achiroe||✓|
|Orithyia||✓|
|Side||✓|
|Children||Thronia||✓||✓|
|Damno||✓|
|Aegyptus||✓||✓||✓||✓||✓||✓||✓|
|Danaus||✓||✓||✓||✓||✓||✓|
|Cepheus||✓||✓||✓|
|Phineus||✓||✓||✓||✓|
|Antiope||✓||✓|
|Thias||✓|
|Phoenix||✓||✓|
|Agenor||✓||✓|
|Ninus||✓|
Pausanias wrote:
"<Ruler> Manticlus founded the temple of Heracles for the Messenians; the temple of the god is outside the walls and he is called Heracles Manticlus, just as Ammon in Libya and Belus in Babylon are named, the latter from an Egyptian, Belus the son of Libya, Ammon from the shepherd-founder. Thus the exiled Messenians reached the end of their wanderings."
This supposed connection between Belus of Egypt and Zeus Belus (the god Marduk) is likely to be more learned speculation than genuine tradition. Pausanias seems to know nothing of supposed connection between Belus son of Libya and Zeus Ammon that Nonnus will later put forth as presented just above.
Modern writers suppose a possible connection between Belus and one or another god who bore the common northwest Semitic title Ba‘al.[ citation needed ] According to some sources Belus was the son of Poseidon by Libya, he is associated with Babylon and Assyria, and his name is an echo of the Canaanite god Baal (Redfield, 1989, pp. 28 & 30-31), which are linguistically synonymous with Enlil and Marduk , and also in ancient Levantine/Canaanite mythology, a fertility god, whose attributes are lightning, rainstorms and the forces of nature.
In Greek mythology, Aegyptus or Ægyptus was a legendary king of ancient Egypt. He was a descendant of the princess Io through his father Belus, and of the river-god Nilus through Achiroe, his mother.
In Greek mythology, Danaus was the king of Libya. His myth is a foundation legend of Argos, one of the foremost Mycenaean cities of the Peloponnesus. In Homer's Iliad, "Danaans" and "Argives" commonly designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans.
Agenor was in Greek mythology and history a Phoenician king of Tyre. Herodotus estimates that Agenor lived sometime before the year 2000 BC.
In Greek mythology, Epaphus, also called Apis or Munantius, was a king of Egypt.
In Greek mythology, Autonoë of Thebes was an eldest daughter of Cadmus, founder of Thebes, Greece, and the goddess Harmonia. She was the wife of Aristaeus and mother of Actaeon and possibly Macris.
In Greek mythology, Busiris was the name shared by two figures:
In Greek mythology, Asterion or Asterius may refer to the following figures:
Periphas in Greek mythology may refer to:
Clytius, also spelled Klythios, Klytios, Clytios, and Klytius, is the name of multiple people in Greek mythology:
Dia, in ancient Greek religion and folklore, may refer to:
In Greek mythology, Cepheus is the name of two rulers of Aethiopia, grandfather and grandson.
Nilus or Neilos, in Greek mythology, was one of the Potamoi who represent the god of the Nile river itself.
In Greek mythology, Polydorus or Polydoros was a king of Thebes.
Lycus is the name of multiple people in Greek mythology:
Achiroë or Anchirrhoë, or according to the Bibliotheca Anchinoë (Ἀγχινόη), which is perhaps a mistake for Anchiroë, was in Greek mythology a naiad, a daughter of the river-god Nilus. She was also the wife of Belus, by whom she became the mother of Aegyptus and Danaus, and, according to some accounts, Cepheus, and Phineus. Otherwise, the possible mother of this children and spouse of Belus was called Side, eponym of Sidon in Phoenicia.
Thebe is a feminine name mentioned several times in Greek mythology, in accounts that imply multiple female characters, four of whom are said to have had three cities named Thebes after them:
In Greek mythology, Argiope may refer to:
In Greek mythology, Anchiroe may refer to the following figures:
In Greek mythology, Hippodamia,Hippodamea or Hippodameia may refer to these female characters:
In Greek mythology, Pandion may refer to the following characters:
Redfield, B.G. (1989) The Concise Dictionary of Mythology, Peerage Books, London, pp. 28 & 30-31. | https://wikimili.com/en/Belus_(Egyptian) |
Who is the female goddess of war?
In Homer’s Iliad, Athena, as a war goddess, inspires and fights alongside the Greek heroes; her aid is synonymous with military prowess. Also in the Iliad, Zeus, the chief god, specifically assigns the sphere of war to Ares, the god of war, and Athena.
Then, Who is Athena god of war?
Athena was the Olympian Goddess of Wisdom and War, and serves as the overall Deuteragonist of the Greek Era of God of War Series, who mostly appeared as an ally of Kratos.
in addition Who is Athena married to?
Zeus agreed to this and Hephaestus and Athena were married, but, when Hephaestus was about to consummate the union, Athena vanished from the bridal bed, causing him to ejaculate on the floor, thus impregnating Gaia with Erichthonius.
furthermore Who is the strongest goddess?
1. Athena. At the top of the list comes the goddess of wisdom, reasoning, and intelligence – Athena. She was a unique deity with unfathomable popularity among gods and mortals.
Is there a goddess of Death?
Kali. The goddess of death, Kali is one of the most feared warriors according to Hindu mythology.
Is Athena good or evil?
Like all the Olympians, Athena was an immortal goddess and could not die. She was one of the most intelligent and wisest of the Greek gods. She was also good at war strategy and giving heroes courage. Athena’s special powers included the ability to invent useful items and crafts.
Is Kratos the son of Loki?
It’s revealed in God of War towards the very end that Kratos’ son, who goes by Atreus, is actually the Norse god Loki. MCU fans will definitely be familiar with this character, but within Norse mythology, he is a Trickster god who is the driving force behind Ragnarok.
Did Athena actually fall in love?
Athená a Greek goddess in the real fact never fell in love but there is anotther story, once Athena was checking all her armery because she was the goddess of war. Her father Zeus wanted her to married a god. Athena refused and told her father she would never get married. … Athena had never felt love, ever.
Who is the love goddess?
Aphrodite, ancient Greek goddess of sexual love and beauty, identified with Venus by the Romans.
Who did Athena marry 911?
Her Husband’s Secret
Athena eventually marries Michael Grant and has two children, Harry and May together.
Who is the weakest God?
Because what a person considers “powerful” varies from one person to another, you can often make a case one way or another. I, however, think that the weakest of the Twelve Olympians in Greek mythology is clear and obvious: Ares.
Who is the most badass goddess?
10 Badass Ancient Goddesses Tougher than Angelina Jolies Movie Characters …
- 1 Anat. A really badass ancient goddess, this deity of love and war from Semitic mythology was a virgin famous for her ferocity in battle. …
- 2 Hel. …
- 3 Mami Wata. …
- 4 Athena. …
- 5 Tefnut. …
- 6 Louhi. …
- 7 Mazu. …
- 8 Ixchel.
Who was the most feared Greek god?
Possibly Phobos and Ares in Ares’s chariot (510-530 BCE). Phobos (Ancient Greek: Φόβος, pronounced [pʰóbos], Ancient Greek: « fear ») is the personification of fear and panic in Greek mythology. Phobos was the son of Ares and Aphrodite, and the twin brother of Deimos.
Who is the most powerful evil god?
With the Infinity Gauntlet, Thanos sits at the top of the list of the most powerful evil Marvel gods. However, even without that gauntlet and the Infinity Stones, Thanos is still a very powerful member of the New Gods, someone who can beat just about anyone who opposes him.
Is Thanatos evil?
However, Thanatos has isn’t completely evil, as he deeply cares for his daughter Erynis. He becomes considerably angry when Kratos kills her, and tries to kill his brother Deimos to make Kratos suffer.
What is a death goddess?
Psychopomps, deities of the underworld, and resurrection deities are commonly called death deities in religious texts. The term colloquially refers to deities that either collect or rule over the dead, rather than those deities who determine the time of death.
How did Athena get pregnant?
Hephaistos had a strong desire for Athena, but as a virgin goddess she ran away from him. He was not able to catch her – but he ejaculated and the seed fell on her leg. She wiped it away with a piece of wool and the seed fell on Gaia, the Earth, making her pregnant.
What are Athena’s weaknesses?
Athena’s strengths: Rational, intelligent, a powerful defender in war but also a potent peacemaker. Athena’s weaknesses: Reason rules her; she is not usually emotional or compassionate but she does have her favorites, such as the beleaguered heroes Odysseus and Perseus.
Is Kratos Thor’s brother?
Kratos is Odin, and his son is Thor, God of Thunder.
Why did Faye call Atreus Loki?
Kratos is amused and confirms that is the name Faye wanted to call Atreus, actually t named after a well-known Spartan warrior who once fought alongside Kratos. … Loki is responsible for the death of Baldur, son of Odin and Freya, in Norse Mythology just as Atreus had a hand in his death in God of War .
Why is Atreus Loki?
God of War ending: Atreus is Loki and his mother is a giant
Atreus notices he’s referred to as Loki. Kratos explains that Loki was the name his wife and Atreus’ mother Faye wanted, before eventually settling on Atreus — in honour of a fallen comrade of Kratos from his days as a Spartan soldier.
What is Athena scared of?
Despite being the goddess of courage and the most powerful god’s daughter, Athena is afraid of being defeated. One day, Poseidon, the brother of Zeus and the sea god, challenged her. Athena’s uncle controlled all the oceans and wanted to obtain the earthly kingdoms, including Athens.
Who did Medusa slept with?
But one night Medusa lay with Poseidon, and Athene, enraged that they had bedded in one of her own temples, changed her …” (Greek Myths: s.v. “33. The Children of the Sea”). I will not be distracted by Graves’ minor accreted detail that the intercourse happened at night.
Do deities fall in love with humans?
As Lamia particularly emphasizes, gods fall in love with mortals who strive to be god-like, which is what gods cannot do: there’s something wonderful about Lycius at the races appearing “like Jove” which Jove himself could never manifest.
Did Zeus and Aphrodite sleep together?
After she consummated her love for Anchises, Aphrodite made him promise never to tell anyone they slept together, on pain of a thunderbolt from Zeus. (This story is told in the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite.) … Anchises clearly did not die from this punishment, but he seems to have been crippled for the rest of his life.
Did Zeus and Aphrodite have a child?
In Greek mythology, Zeus married Aphrodite to Hephaestus because he feared that her beauty would cause a war between the gods for her affection. … Ares and Aphrodite conceived as many as eight children: Deimos, Phobos, Harmonia, Adrestia and the four Erotes (Eros, Anteros, Pothos and Himeros). | http://wallacemccaintribute.ca/who-is-the-female-goddess-of-war/ |
These two dynamic stretches will help you prepare: Arm circles before push-ups: Lift up your arms so that they are perpendicular to your body, sticking straight out. Move your arms in circles, first clockwise and then counter-clockwise.
Is it better to stretch or warm up before a workout?
It is very important that you perform the general warm-up before you stretch. It is not a good idea to attempt to stretch before your muscles are warm (something which the general warm-up accomplishes). Warming up can do more than just loosen stiff muscles; when done properly, it can actually improve performance.
Is Stretching before a workout bad?
Should You Stretch Before Exercise? Not necessarily. It’s not proven to help prevent injury, curb muscle soreness after exercise, or improve your performance. Static stretching before exercise can weaken performance, such as sprint speed, in studies.
How many push-ups a day is good?
There is no limit to how many push-ups one can do in a day. Many people do more than 300 push-ups a day. But for an average person, even 50 to 100 push-ups should be enough to maintain a good upper body, provided it is done properly. You can start with 20 push-ups, but do not stick to this number.
How do beginners improve push-ups?
To work on stability in your shoulders, try pushups from a seated position.
- Sit on a bench with your palms down, arms at your side. …
- Using your arms, push down into your palms so that your body lifts up — still in the seated position. …
- Lower back down to your starting position and repeat.
29 янв. 2019 г.
What are the 3 types of warm up?
There are 3 types of stretches: ballistic, dynamic, and static:
- Ballistic Stretches involve bouncing or jerking. …
- Static Stretches involve flexing the muscles. …
- Dynamic Stretching involves moving the body part in the desired way until reaching the full range of motion, to improve performance.
How should I warm up before working out at home?
6 Warmup Exercises to Help Boost Your Workout
- Benefits.
- Dynamic warmup.
- Static stretching.
- Squats.
- Planks.
- Side lunges.
- Pushups.
- Triceps warmup.
12 июл. 2019 г.
How important is warm up?
Warming up helps prepare your body for aerobic activity. A warmup gradually revs up your cardiovascular system by raising your body temperature and increasing blood flow to your muscles. Warming up may also help reduce muscle soreness and lessen your risk of injury.
What happens if you don’t warm up?
Warming up helps you to gradually increase your heart rate and breathing to a level that will be able to meet the demands of your workout. If you start exercising at a strenuous level without warming up first, you will place unnecessary stress on your heart and lungs.
Is stretching a waste of time?
Here’s a quote from one study that looked at the long term effect of stretching in athletes: “Overall, the evidence suggests that increasing range of motion beyond function through stretching is not beneficial and can actually cause injury and decrease performance.”
Can I workout without stretching?
Without regular stretching, your body gets cold, and your muscles tighten up. Eventually, your muscles will pull on your joints and trigger significant pain and discomfort.
What happens if you don’t stretch after working out?
You might experience stiffness if you’re not stretching adequately. Muscles and tendons that aren’t stretched properly after exercise may be more susceptible to injury. If you already have an injury the Mayo Clinic advises adjusting your stretching routine.
Why you shouldn’t warm up before exercise?
Without warming up, you not only risk injury but you also get less from your workout. How many times have you gone for a run and felt heavy and slow for that first mile? That’s because your muscles are spending that time trying to turn on. | https://reebokcrossfitbackbay.com/workouts/should-you-stretch-before-push-ups.html |
I have read several articles citing researches claiming static stretches are no good before a warm-up. Or calling stretching useless claiming it to be not beneficial for physical performance. Well, as usual, I beg to differ and below mentioned is my latest study which proves it contrary to any of these researches. I have no scientific tools to measure. I base my conclusion on the following:
a) How players/trainees felt post training – whether they felt properly warmed up, light and mobile?
b) How they felt the next day – any soreness/stiffness or discomfort next day/s?
c) And whether they found their body responding well to their sport requirement?
Fair enough!?
On regular practice days I would generally start training session with dynamic stretching/active exercises(walking – lunges/high knees/ leg swings etc and light backward jogging) to take players through their range of motion simultaneously by working on all major body sections. This is followed by physical ground training which is sport specific followed by standing dynamic stretches for the upper body – some of these sometimes can be categorized as static. Against the rules I know!
I then finish with mobility drills which I call a ‘final check’ where we test out all the major joints/muscles by getting into different movement patterns before players hit the nets/ground. Since my warm-up is heavily focused on range of motion/mobility – sport specific again most days; players respond back next day with no soreness.
However, there are days when I would start with static stretches. Surprisingly to some, players response to training after static stretches was better than usual day. They felt light through out the session.
One of these days, post the previous day travel and an hour of bus journey to the ground in the morning; I made players start with some static stretches (not the ones showing in the title pic) before the warm up and players responded by calling it the ‘best’ warm up post their practice. They felt at their physically best… 😊
Conclusion: Going by the book/research is good but not always! It depends a lot on your body condition and how you have used your muscles in the last 24 hours. If one feels stiff, then by all means, get involved in light stretches before you bring your muscles under the hammer again. Your body tells you everything that an outsider can’t!
Going back to my long-distance running days, I recall doing the same. There would be days when I would hit the turf straight out of bed; and other days, I would involve myself in stretching first.
Do what your body require even if it means getting involved in static stretches. There is no rule that should disallow your body requirement. | https://umeshchhikara.com/2018/11/29/stretching-dynamic-or-still-post-work-out-or-pre-work-out-confusion/ |
This is Part 3 in my series on warm ups. You might want to check out Part 1: Purpose and Part 2: SMR/Foam Rolling before reading on. Or not. You do you.
What is stretching?
Stretching is when you move one or more joints to an end range of motion in order to lengthen a muscle that’s attached to the joint(s). For example, if you lift your arm up over your head and bend your elbow to reach your hand down toward your shoulder blades, you’ll stretch your triceps muscle, which is attached to your fully extended shoulder joint and your fully flexed elbow joint.
Why stretch?
For purposes of your warm up, you stretch to reset the length-tension relationships in your muscles in order to increase range of motion at a joint and to better recruit and use your muscles. (See Part 2: SMR/Foam Rolling for a more in-depth explanation of length-tension relationships.) Imagine that you sit at a computer for 8 hours a day and then you go home and kill bird-shaped pixels on your phone for another 3 hours while marathoning The Handmaid’s Tale. This position keeps your shoulders crunched in, shortening your chest muscles.
Images by the incomparable Eduardo Espada.
It also makes the muscles in your upper back long, because your back is constantly rounded (this often makes your upper back feel “tight” because it’s always stretched taut). So, if your chest muscles are shortened and your upper back muscles are lengthened, it’s going to be hard to get your shoulders back and use either of those muscle groups very efficiently. Plus, it’s going to be hard to even feel your upper back muscles working. Foam rolling and stretching your chest can help you recruit your upper back muscles more easily by loosening the vice-grip your chest has on your shoulders.
Everything is connected, guys! Aren’t bodies awesome?!?!
What’s the difference between static and dynamic stretching?
Quite simply, in a static stretch you just hold your joint(s) at a complete range of motion. A dynamic stretch takes your joint(s) through a full range of motion over and over again. If you’re statically stretching your chest, you might do a 90:90 doorway stretch where your shoulder and elbow are bent at a 90-degree angle and you’re pressing your body through a doorway to pull your shoulder back. If you’re dynamically stretching your chest, you might use a TRX lunge with chest stretch. Here, you would step forward and back, allowing the TRX straps to pull your arms back over and over, stretching out your chest muscles. Watch the video below for examples of both of these stretches.
Static stretching, like foam rolling/SMR, should only be used for muscles that you know are tight and that are inhibiting your performance (more on this below). For the most part in a warm up you’ll use dynamic stretching, which can also get your blood flowing and raise your body temperature. As we learned in Part 1 of this warm up series, one of the main purposes of a warm up is to increase blood flow to your muscles, so dynamic stretching serves multiple purposes (to increase joint range of motion and increase blood flow/temperature) whereas static stretching only serves one purpose (to increase joint range of motion).
Will stretching hurt my performance?
When people talk about stretching inhibiting performance, they are most likely talking about static stretching. Just like with SMR/Foam Rolling, static stretching can deaden a muscle’s firing capacity for a time. So, if you’re about to do some heavy bench presses, which need your chest muscles to work at their full capacity, you wouldn’t necessarily want to hold a static chest stretch. But, if your shortened chest is preventing your lengthened upper back muscles from working at their full capacity you might not be able to control the barbell path and you might hurt yourself, so you should obviously address that before you lift. Wait, so do you stretch your chest and deaden your chest muscles? Or do you not stretch your chest and risk injury? A conundrum!
It’s like trying to figure out if he’s the kind of guy who would put the poison in his own glass or yours.
Let’s look at some research. According to a 2015 review of 125 static-stretching studies performed between 1989 and 2014, researchers found that static stretching was more likely to impede performance if the stretches were held for longer than 60 seconds, but that performance was not (or was barely) impeded if stretches were held for less than 60 seconds. Researchers also found that performance was impeded more often in strength exercises than in speed and power exercises. However, they also concluded that if the stretches were performed more than 10 minutes before the exercise was performed, the negative effects became negligible. Ultimately, they found that the benefits of stretching (increase in joint range of motion) outweighed the risks (a slightly slower sprint or fewer reps of an exercise) unless you were in a position where performance really mattered (a race or a powerlifting meet).
What does all that mean?
It means that it’s probably not going to hurt you to do both static and dynamic stretching before your workouts. However, in terms of time and training volume, you can get more done with dynamic stretching than you can with static stretching. Static stretching simply takes longer. For example, 30 seconds of forward and backward leg swings will stretch your hip flexors, quads, hamstrings, and glutes. If you statically stretched those 4 muscle groups at 30 seconds each, it would take 2 minutes just to do one side. So save the static stretching for your prohibitively tight muscles and dynamically stretch everything else.
How far should I stretch?
You should only stretch to the point of discomfort, not pain. If you’re not able to get your heel to your butt for a quad stretch, don’t force it. Use a yoga strap or a towel to get as far as you can that day. Over time, if you’re stretching regularly, your flexibility should improve.
Is there anyone who shouldn’t stretch?
Anyone can stretch, but those of you who are hypermobile (meaning your joints go beyond what is considered a normal range of motion) will need to be more careful. If you’re hypermobile and you can’t feel your muscles when you stretch, you'll just keep pulling and pulling on your joints and you'll eventually stretch out your ligaments and make your joints less stable.
How can I tell if I’m hypermobile?
There’s a quick test, called the Beighton score, that you can do to find out if you’re hypermobile. You’ll test whether or not you can: bend your thumb forward to your wrist, bend your pinkie back beyond 90 degrees, hyperextend your elbows, hyperextend your knees, and touch the floor with flat palms with your knees straight.
Check out Mike Reinold’s video for a demonstration of the Breighton assessment on a hypermobile person.
What if I’m hypermobile?
One day, I’ll write entire posts on hypermobility. For now, don’t panic. You might want to prioritize SMR/foam rolling over static stretching and move slowly and with control through your dynamic stretches (and all of your strength training exercises — do not drop it like it’s hot).
Want to try static and dynamic stretching?
Watch the video below for some examples of static and dynamic stretches that are designed to help a desk-jockey prepare for a full-body workout. This is only a tiny sample of what is possible in terms of static and dynamic stretches, but it's a start! | https://www.fitnessforfeminists.com/single-post/2018/04/05/warm-ups-3-static-and-dynamic-stretching |
We all use stretches to warm up and improve the body’s flexibility to make it primed for further exercises. However, that burning sensation isn’t always beneficial, and you may be overstretching your muscles. You may ask, how do you recover from stretching?
To recover from stretching, use the R.I.C.E. treatment. Stop working with the injured muscle and immediately apply ice on the affected area. Meanwhile, wrap the muscle with an elastic bandage for compression and elevate it at or above your heart’s level. In severe cases, surgery and rehabilitation are needed.
This article is for you if you’re another victim of overstretching and have strained your muscles.
Read on to learn how to recover from a stretched muscle and prevent it in the future. We’ll also tell you how to know if you’re overstretching.
Contents
- 1 How to Treat an Overstretched Muscle 🦵
- 2 What Type of Stretching Helps Recovering From Overstretching 🙆♀️
- 3 Can Stretching Damage Your Body? 🤔
- 4 Signs of Overstretching 🙄
- 5 How to Prevent Injuries Caused by Stretching 🤓
- 6 Final Words 🤗
How to Treat an Overstretched Muscle 🦵
Now one may ask, how can I recover from overstretching? Well, it depends on how badly your muscle is strained or injured.
However, the first step is stopping the activity that led to the injury and resting for a while.
Resting is the first step in the famous treatment known as R.I.C.E. the other three steps are as follows:
Ice
Applying ice or cold packs on the injured or strained area is an effective method to improve your muscle’s condition, and the faster you do it, the better it is.
Remember that ice shouldn’t directly touch your skin.
You should continue applying the ice for 48 or even 72 hours after the injury.
Compress
In this step, you should wrap the injured area using an elastic bandage to support the muscle, lower its blood flow, and reduce swelling.
You should be careful not to wrap it too tight. If swelling in the area makes it too tight, loosen it slightly.
If you feel numbness, coolness, tingling, more pain, or increased swelling under the affected area and the bandage, you probably have wrapped it too tight.
Elevate
At this stage, you should use a pillow to raise the strained or injured area at or above your heart’s level.
You should keep it elevated even while applying ice, sleeping, or sitting. By doing so, you’ll reduce muscle swelling.
When to See a Physician
R.I.C.E. treatment is a series of procedures you adopt to lessen the swelling and pain and prevent further injuries.
If you have pain, too, you can take over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil), acetaminophen (Tylenol), etc.
However, these methods are only effective for mild strains and injuries.
In such cases, you should visit a doctor to examine your muscles more closely.
He will ask you a few questions like whether you’ve heard a popping sound or not – which indicates the complete tearing of muscles.
The doctor may also want you to do some tests such as X-rays or M.R.I. to diagnose the severity of your injury.
In severe tearing, you may need to undergo a surgical procedure.
Still, regardless of the surgery, you’ll have to follow a rehabilitation program including a resting period and then some specific exercises and stretches to return your flexibility, mobility, and strength.
The physical therapist may carry out the rehabilitation program in their office or your home.
What Type of Stretching Helps Recovering From Overstretching 🙆♀️
There are two kinds of stretches, namely dynamic and static. These two are pretty different, and each one serves a particular goal, but do you know which one can help you recover from overstretching?
Static stretches are more effective in helping muscles recover from overstretching as they relax muscles and increase the blood flow, which then delivers more oxygen and nutrients to the muscles. However, dynamic stretches are also helpful in preventing pulled muscles by preparing muscles for the workout ahead.
Experts recommend Static stretches for cooling down the body when muscles are loose and flexible and can reach a full range of motion.
These stretches involve just one position you hold for a specific period, like the toe touches.
When you perform static stretches at the end of your training session, your muscles find a chance to relax and return to their first previous length, and blood flow increases.
As a result, muscles get more oxygen and nutrients, which helps them recover faster.
Moreover, blood flow will wash away the chemicals causing pain in the injured area.
Some examples of static stretches include posterior capsule stretch, hamstring stretch, and quadriceps stretch.
On the other hand, dynamic stretches are ideal for preventing pulled muscles.
They focus on controlled movements that prime tendons, muscles, ligaments, and other soft tissues for the workout session ahead.
They usually involve active muscle tightening and movement of joints in their full range of motion which helps warm up your muscles and reduces the chance of any stretch-related injury.
So it’s recommended to do these stretches before your workout.
Can Stretching Damage Your Body? 🤔
Experts recommend always incorporating some stretching into our exercise routine – before and after it – to improve our muscle’s flexibility and avoid injuries.
Some workouts such as yoga or Pilates also include specific stretching activities targeting the main muscles worked in these activities.
Stretching can damage your body and lead to mild or severe injuries if you overdo your muscles beyond their potential range of motion. When you overstretch, your muscle fibers or the muscles themselves tear. It can also cause problems in tendons, ligaments, or even joints.
Signs of Overstretching 🙄
Stretching is crucial to your workout routine as it increases your muscles’ flexibility and prevents potential injuries.
You should start your stretch gradually and continue until you feel the tension in your muscles.
At this point, you should stay stretched for up to 20 seconds.
Overstretching occurs when you stretch muscles to exceed their normal flexibility and range of motion.
Once you go over your muscles’ potential, you’ll put them at the increased risk of strains and overstretching.
Another typical indication of overstretching is the ache or soreness you feel in your muscles the day after the stretch.
In such cases, you should cut down on the intensity of your stretches.
While mild muscle strains due to overstretching can last only a few days, recovering from some other severe signs such as bruising, swelling, and spasm can take months.
How to Prevent Injuries Caused by Stretching 🤓
Overstretching can lead to painful strains and even more severe injuries; however, you can always prevent them by following some simple tips.
Warming Up
The first and most crucial step for reducing the risk of overstretching is to warm up your body before the workout.
When you warm-up, blood flow to your muscles increases, and soft tissues like joints and ligaments loosen; therefore, they’re less likely to tear or rip.
It can be a combination of light cardio and some specific exercises for the involved muscles.
For instance, do some arm circles if you’re doing shoulder workouts.
Improve Your Flexibility
Another important tip for preventing overstretching injuries is to work on your flexibility.
It’s especially important for strength training because many of the exercises involved in this type of training shorten the muscles, which leads to decreased flexibility and an increased risk of overstretching.
Remember to perform specific stretches for all the major muscle groups; particularly those you were training in that session.
For example, you can stretch your hamstrings, quads, glutes, and calves if you’ve been running.
If you’ve been training upper body muscle groups, stretching the chest, back, shoulders, and arms muscles is good.
Always remember not to go overboard and overstretch the muscles.
Stay focused and respect your muscle’s range of motion and flexibility, not to go beyond its potential elasticity.
Mild discomfort is natural, but the pain is not.
Hydration
Dehydration can significantly increase the risk of orthopedic injuries and muscle strains.
Therefore, drink adequate fluids (at least 20 ounces) two hours before your workout session, then drink 7-10 ounces more per 10-20 minutes of the workout.
You have to drink another 8 ounces of water or other healthy drinks at the end of the session and keep hydrating your body throughout the day.
Here are our favorite workout drinks that hydrate and replenish vital electrolytes available on amazon with quick delivery.
Final Words 🤗
Overstretching muscles can lead to mild strains and sprains.
This can be treated with rest and applying ice or cause severe tears in muscles or tendons and ligaments at worst, which may require surgery.
However, you can always prevent injuries by warming up, incorporating stretches in your workout, and drinking adequate fluids.
I hope you enjoyed this article on recovering from stretching. Don’t forget to share. | https://fitbodybuzz.com/how-do-you-recover-from-stretching/ |
The importance of stretching can’t be emphasized enough, especially for those of us who exercise frequently. When you stretch out your muscles and joints regularly, you increase your flexibility and blood circulation while reducing tension and stiffness. As a result, your muscles recover faster and your training is more effective overall.
There are two major types of stretches: static and dynamic.
Static stretching involves holding a stretch for about 15-30 seconds and repeating this 3-5 times. There’s some evidence that suggests that static stretching could reduce strength during workouts so it’s most effective when done right after working out. Your body is warmed up and this means that your muscles stretch more safely since they are more pliable. By increasing blood flow to damaged muscle areas, you get the added benefit of helping rebuild your muscle fibers faster.
Dynamic stretching refers to moving stretches in which your muscles and joints pass through the same motions a few times. For instance, walking lunges or yoga would fall under this category. Dynamic stretching is most helpful before working out since it prepares your muscles for what is about to come next.
Regardless of which technique you are using, you should always stretch in gentle and natural movements avoiding any excessive jerkiness or over-extension. Stretching is not meant to be painful, nor are the results immediate. If you find that you are in pain or shaking during a stretch, ease-off and come back to where you’re feeling tension, but it’s not uncomfortable.
Here are some basic stretches that you can do before and after running or cardio workouts.
Before running/cardio
Cat-Cow: Get down on all fours with your wrists below your shoulders and your knees below your hips. Arch your middle-back upwards and drop your head and neck while extending your arms. Maintaining the extension in your arms, drop your middle back and arch your upper back upwards and bringing your shoulder blades together. Bring your chest forward and look up. Repeat the whole sequence 4-5 times.
Side Leg Raises: Lie on your side and lift your upper leg as high as you comfortably can. Bring it back down slowly and then repeat this motion 5 times on either side.
Walking Lunges: Lunge with your right foot forward and then without coming back to your starting position, lunge with your left foot, moving you forward.
After running/cardio
Side lunge: Stand with your feet wide apart and toes pointing in front. Fold your hands in prayer position in front of your chest. Lower your torso down to your right side, bringing your glute as close to the ground as you can while keeping your upper body upright. Hold here for 15-30 seconds. Do either side 3-4 times.
Hero pose: Kneel on the floor with your feet wider than your hips. Sit back between your feet on the floor, a cushion or a block. Make sure your hips are even and that you’re sitting upright and with your back straight, shoulders down and moving towards each other. You should feel a nice stretch in your quads. Place your hands on your thighs and hold here for 30 seconds.
Kneeling Hip Flexor and Hamstring: Get into a lunge position with your right leg in front. Drop your left knee to the ground. Even your hips and hold here for 30 seconds. Repeat each side 5 times.
We have some great audio yoga, warm up and cool down classes to support your fitness routine. Check them out on the ClassPass Go app! | https://classpass.com/blog/2018/10/03/the-basics-of-stretching/ |
Here are the five stretches that you must perform for better results:
1. Hamstring stretch: Hamstring is a muscle at the back of your thigh. You should feel this stretch at the back of your thigh and behind your knee. The recommended repetitions are two to three for four to five days a week.
- Lie on the floor with both the legs bent.
- Now lift one leg off of the floor and bring your knee toward your chest.
- Clasp your hands just below your knee so that they lie behind your thigh.
- Now straighten your leg and then move it gently toward your head, until you feel a stretch. (You may also loop a towel around your thigh for a stretch. Grasp the ends of the towel and pull your leg toward you.)
- Hold this position for 30-60 seconds.
- Repeat with the opposite leg.
2. Standing hip flexor stretch:
- Stand in a staggered stance with your right leg forward.
- Rotate your hips forward and to the right.
- Bend slightly at the knees, making sure the knees are not strained.
- Slowly continue to push your hips forward until you feel a good stretch.
- Hold for 30 seconds and then switch legs and repeat the steps.
3. Standing quad stretch: Stand behind a chair with your legs about shoulder-width apart. Place one hand on the chair for balance. On the opposite side, lift your right foot behind you and grab it with your right hand, keeping your bent knee pointing straight to the floor. Avoid bending forward. Pull gently on the leg until you can sense the thigh stretch. Hold this position for 10-30 seconds. Switch and repeat it on your left leg to your right. You can take a pillow and prop your knee up on it so to avoid excessive pressure on your knee.
4. Glute bridge: This stretches your hip flexor muscles. Lie flat on your back with your knees bent. Place your feet flat on the floor and keep your arms at your side with your palms down. Lift the hips off the ground until your knees, hips, and shoulders form a straight line. Gently tighten your belly muscles to flatten your back and prevent overstretching. Then tighten your glute (butt) muscles as you push your hips up toward the ceiling. Hold the bridged position for a couple of seconds before easing back down.5. Side lunge stretch: Keep your upper body straight and legs apart. Then shift your weight in a slow lunge to the side over a bent knee (not forward, as in a typical lunge). You should feel a tension along the inner thigh of the opposite leg. Push your weight to the bent-knee side but not at the knee joint. Hold this position for 20-30 seconds on each side.
When to do the stretches
Stretch your muscles any time during the day. It is not necessary to stretch before or after your regular exercise session. However, it is simply important that you stretch sometimes. Specifically, stretch when you wake up, before going to bed, or during breaks at work. Stretching or flexing your muscles should be a part of your routine.
If you stretch the muscle after you wake up in the morning, it will relieve any tension or pain caused during sleep the night before. It also helps increase your blood flow and prepare your body for your entire day ahead. This process relaxes every muscle if you stretch before going to bed and helps prevent you from waking up with more pain.
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Should I stretch before and after the exercise?
It is not necessary to stretch before exercising. A small jog or walking a few paces is enough. There is conflicting evidence to show its benefits in preventing an injury, curbing muscle soreness after workout, or improving your performance.
Some studies have reported that static stretches before a workout may weaken your performance such as sprint speed. It is just because holding the stretch tires out your muscles.
Before exercise, warm up your body by doing stretches at a lower intensity, similar to your workout. A good warm-up before your activity such as running could be a brisk walk, walking lunges, leg swings, high steps, or butt kicks. It is all about starting slowly and gradually ramping up the intensity of movement.
However, it is a great time to stretch after your workout. Your muscles become more flexible after exercise, and blood flow is also raised in the muscles and joints; static stretches (holding on a stretch for some time) may benefit you.
After running on a treadmill or after a weight-lifting workout, walk around a little to cool down the muscles. Then start some stretching. It is a nice way to end your daily workout session.
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How long should I stretch daily
Always aim for 5-10 minutes of daily dynamic stretching before your gym activity. Do another 5-10 minutes of static or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching after your workout session.
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What Are the Best Stretches for Lower Back Pain?Lower back pain is one of the common types of complaints by the general population. It may happen due to poor posture, injury, stress, or poor sleeping facilities. | https://www.medicinenet.com/what_are_5_stretches/article.htm |
Creaky joints and achy muscles can result in pain if you don't properly prepare for a tough workout. But no one loves devoting a ton of time to a warm-up routine. So, how long do you really need to spend on dynamic stretches and activation exercises?
Unfortunately, there's no one rule to follow. Every workout — and every warm-up — is different. Learn how to figure out the best way to prep your body for your next sweat session.
Video of the Day
Related Reading
How Long Should a Warm-Up Last?
Warm-ups are an essential part of your workout. A proper warm-up routine helps prevent injury, promotes better muscle control and helps improve your range of motion, according to the American Council on Exercise (ACE). In other words, warming up can improve your workout.
Considering your warm-up directly affects your training, the ideal length for your routine depends on your workout, according to Pete McCall, CSCS, a certified strength and conditioning specialist, host of the All About Fitness podcast and author of Ageless Intensity: High-Intensity Workouts to Slow the Aging Process.
The more intense your workout, the longer your warm-up should be, he says. Although it's not a hard-and-fast rule, you should spend about 8 to 12 minutes warming up before a high-intensity training session and 4 to 6 minutes for a low-intensity workout.
Also consider the readiness of your body when determining the length of your warm-up.
"For example, if it's early in the morning, you may want to do a longer warm-up, but if it's the afternoon and you've already been up and moving, the warm-up would be a little bit shorter," says Clarence Hairston, CPT, coach for Tempo. "It just depends on how your body is feeling and how vigorous the activity is that you're going to be doing leading up to the work-out."
Your warm-up also depends on your personal body. If you're recovering from an injury, you may be advised to spend longer warming up (but always follow your doctor's orders). Or, if you have an active lifestyle already, you may not need to spend very long at all. So, pay attention to what your body needs to feel ready to train.
"A warm-up should make you slightly sweaty and cause you to breathe a little harder than normal," McCall says. "That's a sign that your body is preparing to be more active."
Warming Up for Different Workouts
Strength Training
As mentioned above, your warm-up session depends largely on your workout plan. A good way to choose which warm-up exercises to do? Do a modified version of the exercises in your workout, according to the ACE.
So, if your gym routine involves barbell back squats or dumbbell lunges, warm up your lower body with a few reps using only your bodyweight. Although you want to warm up your whole body before you train, focus on the muscles you plan to train during your workout.
Cardio Workouts
Jumping into a run or bike ride without a proper warm up is an injury waiting to happen. And much like strength training, you should gauge your warm-up based on your anticipated workout. In other words, mirror your workout.
If you're planning a long steady-state run, ease into the session, spending at least 10 minutes at a comfortable pace. Or, if you're doing a speed session, run through a few strides and dynamic stretches to prepare your muscles for quick pace changes.
Related Reading
High-Intensity Training
Most high-intensity workouts are a combination of strength exercises (like push-ups or squats) and cardio. Plus, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) usually involves moving between exercises as quickly as possible. So, if you're not properly warmed up, your form is more likely to falter, putting you at a higher risk of injury. | https://www.livestrong.com/article/511702-how-long-should-a-warm-up-last/ |
Every football team I have been involved in since a young age really emphasises the importance of static stretching prior to kick-off or before a training session. In this post I hope to look briefly at static and dynamic stretching and what they do to the muscles. I aim to present a more effective alternative and help you rethink how you go about preparing for exercise or sport.
Warming-up – It’s not rare to see individuals immediately proceed into to their workout or into high intensity activity without having an adequate warm-up. A warm-up is an extremely important element of any workout or exercise and I have seen occasions where an individual has not warmed up adequately and injury has occurred as a result.
What is the purpose of a warm-up?
A warm-up’s main purpose is to prepare the body for exercise.
Completing a full warm-up will do several things to the body:
– Increase body temperature – Increase heart rate
– Increase circulation – Improve proprioception
– Increase elasticity of muscles and connective tissue
An increase in heart rate and circulation facilitates blood flow to the muscles and also provides an increase in the amount of oxygen the muscles receive.
An increased in body temperature leads to an increased elasticity of muscles and connective tissues. Combine that with an improved proprioception, which occurs through the activation of neural pathways, and flexibility will increase which will
reduce the risk of sustaining injury.
(Neural pathways are a series of nerve cells which help to pass electrical impulses around the brain whilst proprioception refers to the body’s awareness of it’s own position and motion.)
Why do we stretch?
Stretching has been seen to improve circulation and range of motion, reduce muscular tension, and improve muscular co-ordination. With these benefits in mind, it is important that we stretch as part of the warm-up.
Types of Stretching
There are numerous different types of stretching, however, I only want to focus on 2 types which are known as static and dynamic stretches.
A static stretch where the muscle is lengthened to the point of discomfort and where the individual feels they cannot stretch any further. That position is then held for a short period of time.
Static example – Quad hold
A dynamic stretch is where the muscle(s) are stretched through movement. Movement is generated and move the muscles into an extended range of motion.
Dynamic example – Front Kicks
A typical warm-up would include some light cardiovascular exercise followed by some stretching (whether that be static or dynamic).
So, we’ve covered the purpose of a warm-up, why we stretch and the 2 most common types of stretches. In this next session I want to discuss why I tend to avoid static stretching as a form of warm-up.
Power output / muscular force reduced
Several scientific studies exist which have examined the relationship between static stretching and it’s impact on generated muscular force. Recent findings indicate that static stretching could potentially adversely impact muscle power performance however, more research needs to be done to confirm this.
One recent meta-analysis reviewed over 100 studies on this topic and suggests that “static stretching as the sole activity during warm-up routine should generally be avoided.”
You can read the study here
Therefore, in preparation for a big game or heavy training session, it wouldn’t make sense to perform an exercise which has the potential to diminish muscular performance and power production. It is precisely for this reason why I avoid static holds during a warm-up. As a part of my cool-down? Absolutely. But not as part of a warm-up.
“There is a neuromuscular inhibitory response to static stretching,. The straining muscle becomes less responsive and stays weakened for up to 30 minutes after stretching, which is not how an athlete wants to begin a workout” – Malachy McHugh, Director of research, Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, New York.
Exercise / Sport Specific Stretching
Dynamic stretching will bring all the benefits of a warm-up mentioned above and yes, whilst static stretching will also effectively warm up the muscles, it has very little relevance to activity you are about to take part in. For example, during football when do players ever need to move the body into a static pose and hold that position for a prolonged period? Never. Football is all about dynamic movements – jumping, running, bounding etc.. With this in mind, dynamic stretching is the obvious choice as it utilises these types of movements in order to effectively ready your muscle in a sport specific manner.
Performing dynamic stretches prior to a game will help the muscles become accustomed to the movements that they are going to have to perform regularly within a game situation. Again I will use football as an example – it would be beneficial for a centre-back to perform vertical jumps before a game as this is a movement they will be required to perform time and time again when they challenge for a header.
Ensuring the muscles are suitably and specifically prepared for the activity ahead can have a positive impact on performance.
When to use Static Stretching
As I mentioned briefly, I tend to use static stretches as a form of cool down. Cool down is performed after intense exercise and it is at this point that you can think about stretching out these muscles that may be tight and sore as a result of the activity. Static stretching will help to reduce any muscular tension and can help in relaxation too. | https://thewellbeingpt.com/2017/04/12/why-i-never-static-stretch-before-exercise/ |
A warm-up is essential prior to sports activity or competition. The goal of any warm-up is mental and physical activity preparation (Gray, NSCA). The warm-up is also intended to enhance athletic performance and decrease the risk of injury.
General Warm-Up
A general warm-up period may consist of 5-10 minutes of slow activity such as jogging, skipping or cycling. The general warm-up will likely vary based on the requirements and environment of the sports. For example, a general warm for a basketball player would be jogging while dribbling a basketball up and down the court.
The main goal of a general warm-up is to increase body temperature. Moreover increase heart rate, blood flow, muscle temperature, respiration rate, perspiration and to decrease the viscosity of joint fluids (NSCA).
Specific Warm-Up
A specific warm-up period incorporates movements similar to movements of the athlete’s sport. It involves 8-12 minutes of dynamic stretching focusing on movements that prepare the athlete for the demands of their sport. Dynamic warm-up exercises are usually followed by sports-specific movement patterns of increasing intensity depending on the sport.
The warm-up period should gradually progress from general to sport-specific. Its purpose is to increase core temperature without causing fatigue or reducing energy stores. The optimal warm-up will likely vary based on the sports, the athlete’s position, the individual and the surrounding environment (NSCA).
Stretching/Lengthening Techniques
The maintenance of a full, non-restricted ROM has long been recognized as critical to injury prevention and as an essential component of the strength and conditioning program (Prentice, 2006).
Stretching can be categorized as active or passive, static or dynamic, and acute or chronic (McNeal, 2006). Stretching to promote muscle lengthening and increased joint range of motion relies largely on the achievement of stretch tolerance (Sands 2013/Magnusson, 1998/Magnusson, 1997/Magnusson, 1996).
Stretch tolerance requires focused practice in an extreme and uncomfortable range of motion positions. Stretching discomfort is difficult to quantify but relates directly to stretching intensity and pain tolerance (Sands 2013/Borg, 1998/Cronje, 2006/Harden, 2007). As stated earlier in this chapter the movement of the stretch will likely be based on joint structure as well as the elasticity and strength of the ligaments, tendons, and muscles.
Active Stretching
Active stretching includes flexibility exercises performed by the athlete without outside assistance from another person such as a coach or teammate (Houglum). Active stretching refers to a limb position that places a joint at its extreme range of motion by virtue of the agonist muscle. (EG) Active stretching positions are opposed by the antagonist muscles elastic and viscous resistances (eg)(Sands, 2013).
Passive Stretching
Passive stretching involves placing a joint in an extreme end range of motion by the use of equipment, another person, gravity or inertia (eg: a gymnast sitting in the split position). The most effective stretches involve the steady application of force over a length of time. This prolonged passive stretch produces a better plastic deformation of connective tissue, primarily because of the length of time it is applied (Houglum). One study on healthy subjects investigated a prolonged stretch of three minutes using full body weight as a force; they found significant linear increases in motion because of the great amount of force applied over the three minutes (Pratt).
Static Stretching
Static stretching is the most commonly prescribed type of stretch involving placement of the body and limbs in an extreme range of motion position and holding this position for a period of time by partner assistance, gravity, or agonist muscle tension. Static stretching inhibits the body’s ability to produce full elastic energy potential. The static stretch involves a continuous sustained stretch lasting anywhere from six to sixty seconds, which is sufficient time for the Golgi tendon organs to begin responding to the increased tension (Prentice). This subsequently overrides the muscle spindle and reflexive muscle contraction inhibiting muscular strength by elongating muscles, tendons, ligaments, and fascia, thus contributing to a possible decrease in performance.
Static stretching has been shown to increase joint flexibility around the knee, hip, trunk, shoulder and ankle joints (Brodowicz, Thacker). The acute effects of stretching on range of motion are transient and are greatest immediately after the stretching session. The duration of significant improvements in flexibility ranges from 3 minutes (Depino) to 24 hours (de Weijer). Stretching two times per week for a minimum of five weeks has shown to improve flexibility (Fox). Acute stretching can reduce peak force production, and power output. Acute stretching has little effect on injury; however, chronic stretching may have some injury reduction potential. Chronic stretching may enhance performance, although the mechanism is unclear (Thacker, Stone, 2006). A static stretch is generally recommended to be held 15 to 30 seconds (Riewald). Most evidence supports 30 seconds (Bandy 1994, 1998, 1997).
Now What?
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There is always something exciting about earning a new training or coaching certification and applying that new knowledge of how you train your clients. This also helps you hit the reset button.
NESTA coaching programs are open to anyone with a desire to learn and help others. There are no prerequisites.
That’s it for now.
Take action! | https://www.nestacertified.com/warm-up-strategies-for-personal-trainers/ |
Spring is the time of year that we look forward to getting back outside, and enjoying activities including walks, runs, and sports that are both competitive and recreational. But after several months off from these outdoor activities, you may need a refresher on some stretches that can help prevent injuries. Marcus Schillaci, Manager of Mercy Health Rehabilitation in Downtown Muskegon shows us some of those stretches in the video above.
Dynamic stretching involves movement with the stretching routine and helps to increase blood flow to the area to prepare the person for the activity. For athletes preparing for practice or a game, dynamic stretching is more beneficial because of the increased blood flow to the muscles as well as preparing the athlete for the movements they will be doing. There is definitely still a place for static stretching but should be reserved for after the practice or game to increase range of motion in a particular joint.
What are some basic stretches that people can do to get started? | https://www.fox17online.com/2017/05/01/benefits-of-dynamic-stretching |
Dynamic Stretches You Should Include in Your Warm-Up
Amid busy schedules and mounting responsibilities, there are days when simply finding time for a quick workout is a feat in itself. When you can only set aside 30 minutes on those hectic days, you might be tempted to skip a few steps in the name of efficiency, but a quality warm-up is one you shouldn’t dismiss.
Related: 3 Things You Should Do Before Every Workout
A good warm-up helps in a few ways, but the primary purpose is to get your body ready for the exercise ahead. Dynamic stretches help get the blood pumping and actually raise your body temperature, which helps your body transition into more intense exercise. While the moves you choose will largely depend on the exercise ahead, these three moves are some of the best to include in your warm-up.
Walking Lunges
Starting in a standing position, with your fee hip-width apart, take a big step forward with your right foot and then drop your left leg toward the ground, settling into a lunge. Follow that with a slow and steady lunge on the opposite leg; be sure to use good form.
Butt Kicks
Start standing upright and moving slightly forward, while you bring your heels up to glutes. Just like it sounds, your heels should be just about hitting your butt.
Inchworms
Start in down dog, with your hips high and your back straight, and slowly start to walk your hands out, away from your feet. When you’ve made it to push-up position, start walking your feet forward to meet your hands. Take your time and move through the exercise as smoothly as possible.
More Reading: | https://www.theactivetimes.com/fitness/n/dynamic-stretches-you-should-include-your-warm |
What is the warm up exercise of shoulders?
Begin standing with feet shoulder width apart, arms down at sides slightly wider than shoulder width. Have lax band in hands, palms down; bring band to tension by pulling band apart up and over your head and then down behind your hips, while maintaining elbows extended the entire time.
What are the 5 warm ups?
10 Dynamic Warm Up Exercises for Youth Athletes
- Jumping Jacks. 1 of 11. Go old school with a total body warm up exercise.
- Walking Knee Hugs. 2 of 11. …
- Arm Circles. 3 of 11. …
- Side Shuffles. 4 of 11. …
- Backpedaling. 5 of 11. …
- Lunges. 6 of 11. …
- Squats. 7 of 11. …
- Leg Swings. 8 of 11.
What are examples of warm ups?
How do I warm up before exercise?
- fast-paced walking.
- walking up and down stairs.
- fast-paced side stepping.
- jogging on the spot.
- arm swings.
- lunges.
- squats.
How do I warm up my shoulders for push ups?
Pushups
- Position yourself in a high plank position, at the top of a pushup, with your palms flat on the floor and hands shoulder-width apart. …
- Slowly lower your body down toward the floor. …
- Once your chest or chin almost touch the ground, press up and straighten your arms. …
- Do 1 to 3 sets of 8 to 12 repetitions.
What are good shoulder stretches?
12 stretches
- Shoulder raises. While standing or sitting, and with your arms by your side and a straight back, slowly lift your shoulders up toward your ears. …
- Shoulder rolls. …
- Ear to shoulder. …
- Chin retraction. …
- Cross arm stretch. …
- Standing arm swings. …
- Standing arm lifts. …
- Wide-legged standing forward bend.
What is a good warm up?
A good warm–up should last five to 10 minutes and work all major muscle groups. For best results, start slowly, then pick up the pace. Many warm–up routines focus on cardio and range-of-motion exercises, such as jumping jacks and lunges.
How do you warm up your body?
Move Your Body
Go for a walk or a jog. If it’s too cold outside, hit the gym, or just do some jumping jacks, pushups, or other exercises indoors. Not only will it warm you up, it helps build and keep your muscles, which also burn calories and make body heat.
Do pushups work shoulders?
Traditional pushups are beneficial for building upper body strength. They work the triceps, pectoral muscles, and shoulders. When done with proper form, they can also strengthen the lower back and core by engaging (pulling in) the abdominal muscles. Pushups are a fast and effective exercise for building strength.
What is the first stage of warm-up?
Stage one: Raising the heart rate
This is aerobic activity such as jogging. This usually lasts around five minutes and is important because: It raises the body temperature and heart rate, which helps to warm the muscles. Muscles react and contract faster when they are warm.
What are good exercises to do?
7 Most Effective Exercises
- Walking. Any exercise program should include cardiovascular exercise, which strengthens the heart and burns calories. …
- Interval training. …
- Squats. …
- Lunges. …
- Push-ups. …
- Abdominal Crunches. …
- Bent-over Row.
What is warm-up and cooldown?
A warmup gradually revs up your cardiovascular system by raising your body temperature and increasing blood flow to your muscles. Warming up may also help reduce muscle soreness and lessen your risk of injury. Cooling down after your workout allows for a gradual recovery of preexercise heart rate and blood pressure. | https://fitforyouonline.com/gymnastics/question-what-are-five-warm-ups-for-your-shoulders.html |
Job Description:
It’s a full time position (Perm Position)
The Senior Package Engineer is responsible for design, development and support of package systems and processes for primary, secondary and tertiary packaging of external parenteral, solid oral dose and liquid pharmaceutical products. These activities support new and existing commercial products, Marketing initiatives, new market launches, and cost savings or to identify problems and improvements. This position will collaborate on product commercialization cross-functional project teams and continuous process improvement teams.
This position demonstrates high-level performance and delivers high-quality packaging on schedule to meet patient, company and regulatory needs. The Senior Package Engineer will maintain and develop relationships with key suppliers and assist in packaging component related problem-solving activities with these suppliers.
Evaluate and write component specifications, Packaging Instructions, Lot Packaging Records, packaging related SOPs and Work Instruction Documents. 15%
Write packaging component/equipment Test Protocols. Develop action plans to ensure that protocol tests and evaluations are completed within established timeframes. 10%
Provide full support of packaging validation, equipment, processes and materials; subject matter expert (SME) review of validation protocols 10%
Plans and executes new component introductions to CMO to ensure on time delivery of commercial product and launch supply. 10%
Troubleshoot problems with existing packaging components at CMO and coordinate component modifications with suppliers. 10%
SME representation on new product initiatives, new market launch teams and process improvement teams. 15%
Initiation and ownership of Change Controls for CMO site packaging component changes. Coordination of new artwork requests; technical review of new and modified component artwork. 25%
The Senior Package Engineer is an individual contributor with no direct reports. This position provides support for currently marketed products packaged at external sites as well as New Product Initiatives and New Markets launches. Provides Subject Matter Expert (SME) representation on cross-functional/cross-site project teams, regulatory audits and process improvement initiatives.
The Senior Package Engineer receives no instruction on routine work following initial task description determined by the Sr. Manager of Package Engineering. Provides independent technical and compliance review of peer’s work prior to final management approval. Ensures personal understanding of all quality policy/systems per assigned training curriculum. Follows all work/quality procedures to ensure quality and regulatory compliance. Leads improvement and standardization of packaging on existing products with focus on quality, performance and cost effectiveness.
Self-directed and with minimal supervision, the Senior Package Engineer determines how best to manage multiple projects and tasks in order to meet challenging, shifting timelines. Develops action plans independently for new assignments or requests outside of the department. The Senior Package Engineer receives limited review of work and mentoring and is expected to work independently to meet stated and required goals/target dates.
Collaborates with other functional groups within the company. Provides technical recommendations and implements changes for packaging processes and materials. Identifies and implements best practices, packages and processes. Actively engaged with suppliers for the testing and approval of materials and components.
Maintains membership in Industry related packaging organizations such as IOPP to understand industry trends and best practices. Participates in industry group meetings, forums and cross-company benchmarking efforts.
Essential Requirements:
• Requires a BS degree in Package Engineering plus minimum 7 years related work experience, preferably in a pharmaceutical environment.
• Excellent oral and written communication skills; ability to communicate effectively with all levels of management
• Attention to detail and time management skills
• Ability to work on cross functional teams
• Knowledge of GMP, GLP, CFR, USP/EP/JP requirements
• Knowledge of ISO/ASTM/ISTA standards related to packaging
• Demonstrated initiative, results oriented, willingness and ability to institute change
• Process oriented with a strong interest in continuous improvement
• Demonstrated strong analytical skills and judgment
• Experience with packaging materials such as paperboard, adhesives, inks, glass, plastics, metals, films and labels
• Experience with automated and/or semi-automated pharmaceutical filling and packaging equipment and processes
• Knowledge of packaging and labeling design/test methods, verification/validation, various statistical tools, vendor and internal auditing, and protocol/report preparation
• Proficiency with MS Word and Excel
Additional Desirable Skills:
• Knowledge of MS Project, MS Access and SAP
• Knowledge of ROW regulations
• Knowledge of Serialization requirements for the pharmaceutical industry
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In life, we often look to others for validation, our family, friends, or even strangers. Throughout life, as we evolve, validation plays a prominent role in all of our lives. From a young age we are taught to see approval and validation from others. In fact, as children, we are taught to look to our parents for a smile or a nod of reassurance and approval for our choices. This teaches us that throughout life, we should look to others for their validation for confirmation. From a young age we are taught to compulsively seek others approval, however, when evaluating why we seek validation, we find that validation and approval is found within.
Growing up, I always felt out of place. When everyone else was running around in the hot, sun, thinking of nothing, but the logistics of the game they were playing. I would be sat on the curb, wondering what it was that made them so much different from me. To me, it was if they all knew something that I didn’t know, like they were all apart of some inside joke that I just didn’t get. I would sit, each day when my mind wasn’t being filled with the incessant chatter of my teachers mindlessly sharing what they were told to, in the hot, humid air of the late spring and wonder what I was doing wrong. See, my discontent didn’t stem from not fitting in. I had friends, a wonderful, supportive family and did well in school. Regardless, in the back of my mind, I would always feel like I was a puzzle piece that was put in the wrong box. I would struggle with this feeling for many years as I became a young adult.
...was uncommon because no matter how much approval I wanted, I never validated myself. I thought that I could only find it from others.
All our lives, we are taught to seek validation from others. It begins with our parents, and progresses to searching for it from our peers. Without realizing it, we begin to spend our lives in a quest for validation. Growing up, I spent the majority of my school years searching for this validation. It took me many, many years, but one day in 11th grade, after continuously trying to fit it, I came to realization. We are taught to find validation from others. When you gain your peers approval, that is your sure sign of success. Yet, we could spend our whole lives seeking validation from others, but find its only a temporary feeling. Approval and validation comes from within. The only person that can truly validate us, is ourselves. | https://www.123helpme.com/validation-and-approval-and-validation-preview.asp?id=678191 |
Join the Board
Board members hosting the Dirty Dance Keepin’ It Clean dance party fundraiser.
|Board members cleaning up their adopted MLK exit ramp.|
Board Members staff the Trash to Treasure Sale.
How can you contribute to a cleaner, more beautiful community?
The mission of the KACCB program is to educate and empower citizens and businesses with the resources to take action as environmental stewards of litter prevention, waste reduction, and beautification. As a nonprofit 501c3 organization, the KACCB Board of Directors raises funds to support environmental education and community improvement projects. The KACCB Board of Directors meets the first Wednesday of every month from 3:30 to 5:00 p.m. with additional committee work being conducted between these meetings.
Keep Athens-Clarke County Beautiful (KACCB) is seeking dedicated volunteers to serve as members of the KACCB Board of Directors. Applicants must be an Athens-Clarke County resident and registered voter. The KACCB Board of Directors reviews applications and makes recommendations to the Mayor and Commission for formal approval of board appointments. The term of office is for three years beginning July 1 each year.
Online application or download a printable application.
For more information, please contact the Keep Athens-Clarke County Beautiful office by phone (706) 613-3501 or e-mail [email protected].
KACCB Youth Board Positions
KACCB is also seeking dedicated Junior and Senior High School students interested in serving in their community. Youth board members meet along with the regular board of directors and will have the opportunity to participate in KACCB programs and events. Students will have a special focus on involving their peers in community education and beautification projects. Applicants must be at least 16 years of age, a full-time student in the Athens-Clarke County area, and have transportation to meetings and events.
The deadline for receiving applications is April 30th of each year. | https://www.accgov.com/4574/Join-the-Board |
Thomason, FHS senior, wins DAR Good Citizen Essay Contest
Aidan Thomason, a senior at Farragut High School, has been selected as winner of DAR Good Citizen Essay Contest for the Appalachian Region, which is sponsored by Samuel Frazier Chapter of DAR.
“It is a great honor for our school and for Aidan,” said Susan E. Bolinger, college and career counselor at FHS.
“Aidan was selected for this award by FHS faculty and staff to represent her high school. She was deemed as having a strong commitment to her school and community in the following areas: dependability, service, leadership and patriotism,” she added.
“After being faculty-nominated, Aidan was selected and given a timed essay test revolving around U.S. Government and citizenship. Her essay was selected from three high schools to represent our region, and then Aidan earned selection from our region to represent the state.”
“Aidan is a wonderful young lady whom I have been honored to teach twice at Farragut High School,” Valarie Cagle, FHS English teacher, said. “As a member of the DAR, I immediately thought of Aidan when teachers were asked to nominate students. She is simply a top-notch student and exemplary young lady whom I was blessed to teach in English 9 Honors and 12 AP Literature & Composition.
“While a student at Farragut High School, Aidan has always challenged herself academically in our Honors/Advanced Placement classes and other rigorous courses,” Cagle added.
“Always prepared, she actively participates in class discussions, grasps material quickly and has an impeccable, conscientious attention to detail. She leads by example among her peers; she is strong and secure in her own convictions and beliefs. | https://farragutpress.com/articles/2018/02/7081 |
Crystal Ohnmeiss of Buffalo has been promoted to Senior Program Manager at People Inc. Crystal has been employed at People Inc. since 2006. In seven years she has held positions of IRA Specialist, Fine Arts Instructor of Dance, Teaching Artist-Visual Arts, and Program Manager. She is a graduate of SUNY Fredonia College with a Bachelor of Science degree in Social Psychology.
Crystal’s new position as Senior Program Manager will involve supervising the staff, managing program instruction, attending program meetings, acclimating new staff, seeking volunteering opportunities, and engaging the community. Crystal enjoys the opportunity for shared growth, but the most rewarding is an individual’s own personal growth. According to Crystal, “my job at People Inc. was predestined when my mom taught a special education class.” She recalls volunteering in her mom’s class in her spare time. “I even recruited my friends and liked to help build friendships amongst all of my peers in the school to foster mutual respect and acceptance.” she said. | https://www.people-inc.org/news/2013/local_resident_crystal_o-2013-02-28-670/index.html |
Think about Dancing Matt as an example—he may love to dance for himself, but he also seems to enjoy sharing his dancing with others. Development of Self-Esteem Several processes have been identified as important to the development of self-esteem: According to Maslow, without the fulfillment of the self-esteem need, individuals will be driven to seek it and unable to grow and obtain self-actualization.
The issue of rejection can be misleading. Although the level of self-esteem does not seem to vary much by race or by ethnicity Gecas and Burkevarious social factors related to race and ethnicity such as social class and racial composition of schools and communities do affect self-esteem.
The reflected appraisals process states that we come to see ourselves and to evaluate ourselves as we think others see and evaluate us. For children, the family is the most important context because its major function is the socialization and care of children. When we get a good grade on a test, perform well in a sports match, or get a date with someone that we really like, our self-esteem naturally rises.
The tendency to present a positive self-image to others, with the goal of increasing our social status, is known as self-presentation, and it is a basic and natural part of everyday life. But self-esteem mostly comes from within. Thus, it affects the way we are and act in the world and the way we are related to everybody else.
An analysis of a creative story about alcoholism Although the Irish dance that exists today is different from an analysis of the history of irish dance the earliest form of the an analysis of mordecai richlers the apprenticeship of duddy kravitz style due to the growth in popularity of the dance form, an analysis of the positive changes in women in current history and marriage it is still important.
In one experiment that showed the importance of self-monitoring, Cheng and Chartrand had college students interact individually with another student actually an experimental confederate whom they thought they would be working with on an upcoming task. Implicit self-esteem is assessed using indirect measures of cognitive processingincluding the Name Letter Task Such indirect measures are designed to reduce awareness of, or control of, the process of assessment.
When we focus outwardly for approval, we are seeking it in the wrong place. As the high divorce rate attests, however, the family as a "haven in a heartless world" Lasch is an increasingly fragile emotional anchor for the self in contemporary society.
And there are also individual differences. When we set up this drama around approval, we create issues in regard to notions of rejection.
Conceited, self-important individuals turn nasty toward those who puncture their bubbles of self love. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79 6—Iran— The an analysis of An analysis of the self esteem and the womens use of charm in the human society Fourth Quarter of an analysis of.
Programs to "raise self-esteem" are common in our society—in with appropriate projections of self.
Self-esteem, "Self-Esteem." Complete Human Diseases and. analysis of the history of irish dance use analysis of the self esteem and the womens use of charm in the human society Oscar® and Academy Awards® and Oscar.
Importance of Clothing and Self-Esteem Among Adolescents self and society. Appearance and the self. In A.M. Rose (Ed.), Human behavior and social processes.
What's the difference between self-esteem and other-esteem? Psychology Today. Society Is a Megaphone for Risk; Are Artificial Sweeteners Bad for Your Health?
Self-Esteem and Character By to be among the finest human beings, then society has the strongest interest in not promoting self-esteem among children. | http://kodylacalesi.fresh-air-purifiers.com/an-analysis-of-the-self-esteem-and-the-womens-use-of-charm-in-the-human-society-44365qoq9965.html |
Dr. Anderes has worked in a variety of roles that were initially the precursors to today’s Precision Medicine including a number of senior executive/scientific advisory positions at pharmaceutical, biotech and medical device companies. Dr. Anderes acquired very broad, interdisciplinary technical, regulatory and business skills, with an extensive knowledgebase in clinical research, and vitro diagnostic device development. Achievements range from lead identification of new molecular entities to characterization of clinical development candidates for several distinct first in class molecular targeted agents to treat cancer. In parallel to drug discovery/development activities, Dr. Anderes has lead equally diverse biomarker and companion diagnostic projects from biological validation to clinical trial assay development to regulatory approval roadmaps across multiple platform technologies. She has been involved in the development of state of the art liquid biopsy approaches to evaluate clinical utility of CTCs and ctDNA.
Alzheimer’s disease is one of our nation’s most significant threats, with devastating impacts on patients and their families. This session will explore a new approach called neurodiagnostic therapies, a methodology fundamentally enabled by ultrasensitive biomarker measurements that allow visibility to neurological disease in individuals before they are symptomatic. This allows treatment to be administered at a more optimal stage, to improve therapeutic effectiveness and by extension, patient outcomes.
During this presentation, attendees will learn how this new approach can provide early treatment to ultimately accelerate disease detection and improve outcomes, in addition to creating viable and credible evidence for the healthcare system to adopt it with coverage to facilitate frictionless access. | https://www.pmwcintl.com/speaker/kenna-anderes_mirati-therapeutics_2022sv |
As humans, we have this crazy drive to connect with one another. We’re wired to want to be included everywhere. There was a time when being connected and being a part of a society meant survival. Survival wherein rejection by the society meant a literal life threat. Even today, we expect the consequences of rejection to be as extreme, so we develop a fear of being rejected. This fear leads into us seeking the approval and validation of others – this is especially true - but not limited to - the workplace.
It is important to realise, however, that constant validation and approval seeking is bound to hinder our professional as well as personal growth. Constantly trying to please your boss, your managers, your clients, your colleagues is more often than not likely to lead to a shift in focus from the actual task at hand to divert your energies and time towards making sure everyone is happy.
It’s important to realise when the act of being an efficient, productive and agreeable team player has gone too far and entered a dangerous territory.
Understand and evaluate where this need for approval roots from.
It’s plausible that your need for approval today comes from growing up with a strong authoritarian figure – be it a parent or a teacher – where deviation from what you’re being told came with dire consequences. Growing up in such an environment can make approval seeking almost a necessity. Another possible reason for this could be the feeling of being left out from peer circles in school or during your higher education. The first crucial step in moving away from your dependence on seeking approval is to get to the root of what triggered it in the first place.
Become friends with rejection
Reflect back to when you didn’t deliver on time or disappointed someone. Could be your superior who asked you to re-do a task because it didn’t meet his or her expectations or you failed to deliver your project timely. Think about how you recovered from it and what your learning was? More often than not, you would have been able to turn the situation favourably and you are likely to have grown – personally and professionally. When you break it down, disapproval is a form of feedback—information you can use to improve and make your next performance even stronger. It also helps to also re-frame rejection as something positive. It means you’re moving forward and pushing limits, rather than just staying in your comfort zone.
Embrace the growth journey
When you’re present to what’s going on around you and have a mindset of growth and learning, you will find yourself freeing from your need for approval. Look around you, you won’t see growth in those who get bogged down by disapproval and feedback from others, but you are likely to find it in those individuals who find a lesson in their mistakes and don’t wait around for an approval. It’s easy to blame your lack of growth on your circumstances but take on the challenge to grow despite what seems to be holding you back.
Focus on the job and not the end result
If you are one to worry about approval, it is likely that your thinking becomes limited to reaching the outcome at the earliest using methods most pleasing to those concerned rather than evaluating possible alternatives to get the job done in the most productive way possible. Don’t attach yourself so strongly to the end result that you lose sight of the process.
Don’t just be “Yes Boss” kind of person, work on the task at hand, learn from your mistakes, seek help where it seems necessary and you will find yourself growing and learning and not getting stuck in your need for approval. | https://www.c.school/post/ending-our-need-for-approval-and-taking-charge-of-our-lives |
In my previous post, I discussed the challenge of making friends when new to a community and how my current social situation reminds me of high school. Well, when I think about if I were in high school, or middle school, in this era of social media I cringe.
It was hard enough hearing about the gatherings my peers had without me—seeing photos of them would most certainly have broken my heart!
Now, at 33 years old, it is still hard to see photos of my peers with whom I am friendly but have not yet developed a more established relationship. When I see pictures of them going out with each other it makes me realize that their world is completely separate from mine, and while we are friendly acquaintances, we are no MORE than that.
On the one hand, I want to hide these photos since they trigger the painful memories of peer rejection that I experienced in high school (although my peers didn’t actively reject me, simply not being invited to their gatherings was rejection enough for me).
On the other hand, seeing these photos is useful because it lays out clearly and transparently these people’s social lives. In high school, I didn’t have the self-esteem or emotional wherewithal to accept that my peers’ lives were separate from mine—I so wanted to be included!
But after more than a decade of therapy and many personal growth workshops, I have gained much self-awareness and have come to acknowledge that my instinct is to look OUTSIDE of myself for validation before seeking it from WITHIN.
That is what led to my melancholy in high school and that is what later drove me to date guys who didn’t respect me. I wanted to be the kind of person “they” would approve of. I wanted to be accepted.
Now I realize that the type of acceptance that is most crucial is SELF-ACCEPTANCE. | https://mindfulnuggets.com/2019/01/02/social-pics-on-social-media/ |
highest total drug overdose death rate in the nation, and for the past 15 years New Mexico’s death rate from alcohol-related chronic disease has consistently been first or second in the nation.
Turquoise Lodge Hospital (TLH) provides
safety net services
for consumers in New Mexico who are seeking detoxification from drugs
and/or
alcohol. The hospital prioritizes admission for pregnant injecting drug users, pregnant substance users, other injecting drug users, women with dependent children, parenting women, and men and women seeking to regain custody of their children. TLH has the potential to impact New Mexico
's
drug overdose and alcohol death rate through active engagement of priority populations.
TLH's goal is to actively engage and support patients to enter treatment by beginning the scheduling process for priority populations within one day of their approval for detoxification.
Partners
Human Services Department, Behavioral Health Services Division
Children, Youth & Families Department
University of New Mexico Addiction and Substance Abuse (ASAP) Program
Medicaid
State and federal probation officers
Managed Care Organizations
What Works
Actively engage with and support individuals to enter treatment by increasing the number of informative contacts to the person requesting treatment.
Strategy
Implement one additional informative telephone scheduling contact prior to admission to the hospital.
Action Plan
Q1-Q2: Develop a Crystal Reporting Tool to link
assessment approval with call management data. Complete.
Q2: Implement
modifications to the Call Management Tool to collect all priority population data. Complete.
Q3: Evaluate staffing assignments and work flow based on reporting outcomes. Complete.
Q3: Implement Pre-Scheduling Contact
. Complete.
Q4: Evaluate percentage of approved RFTs that are admitted to the hospital pre- and post- intervention. Complete.
FY17 Annual Progress Summary
TLH began FY17 with no baseline data for the number of days from treatment approval to first scheduling contact. We began capturing the data and found that for the first two quarters we were averaging just under five days from approval to first scheduling contact.
With the theory that increased contact will result in increased engagement, we implemented the intervention of a pre-scheduling call in Q3. We evaluated staffing assignments and work flow, and made adjustments to accommodate the intervention. We also worked with NMDOH Information Technology Division and created a report which aggregates the data for this measure.
The data shows that we decreased the number of days from approval for treatment to first scheduling contact for priority populations from an average of 4.96 days in Q1 to an average of 1.1 days in Q4. This Performance Measure will be closed based on the successful decrease in the number of days from approval to first scheduling contact.
To determine whether increased contact has been effective in increasing engagement, we evaluated the historical baseline of the percent of priority individuals who were admitted to the program. We will be tracking a new, outcomes oriented, performance measure in FY18 to determine whether there is an increase in the percent of priority clients who are admitted to the program. | https://embed.clearimpact.com/Measure/Embed?id=323186 |
Most of us have been there, desperately seeking validation from the guys in our lives.
Whether it’s through compliments, attention, or simply having someone tell you that they love and appreciate you, it can be so easy to fall into the habit of seeking validation from guys.
But seeking approval or validation from guys can be disempowering.
It can lead to a cycle of low self-esteem and insecurity, which can ultimately cause us to settle for less than we deserve in relationships.
Of course, we all want to feel wanted and loved, but the truth is that our worth should not come from someone else’s opinion of us.
So here’s how to stop seeking validation from guys and start taking back your power:
How to Stop Seeking Validation from Guys
Stopping the incessant cycle of seeking validation from guys can be a challenging process.
Everyone wants to feel loved and appreciated, but the truth is, you don’t need validation from guys in order to feel that.
In fact, relying on others for approval often leads to feelings of inferiority.
It’s essential for you to feel confident in yourself and believe in your own abilities, no matter what other people may say or think.
When it comes down to it, seeking validation from guys won’t lead to real security or fulfillment; it can also distract you from focusing on things that have true importance.
We all have the power to realize our unique potential and live our lives with a greater sense of purpose, so let’s focus on pursuing that instead.
Here is the 5-step process to stop seeking validation from guys:
1. Identify your Triggers.
The first step is to identify the things that trigger your need for validation from guys.
Are you prone to seeking validation when you feel insecure? Do certain people make you feel more vulnerable than others?
Maybe it’s when you post on social media and no one comments or when someone doesn’t text you back.
Once you can identify why and when this behavior occurs, it will be easier for you to address it.
You might like: What Does it Mean When a Guy Tries to Get your Attention?
2. Take a Step Back and Remind Yourself of Your Own Worth.
It can be easy to forget that your self-worth isn’t determined by what other people think of you.
So when you start to feel like you need validation from guys, take a few moments to remind yourself how valuable and important you are, no matter what anyone else says.
When you start feeling like your need for approval is taking over, take a step back and remind yourself that no one has the power to define who you are or how valuable you are as a person.
Recognize that your worth does not come from someone else’s opinion of you or what they say about you.
The only opinion that matters is yours, so focus on being kinder and more loving towards yourself and your flaws.
Taking a few moments away from the situation helps put things into perspective and keep your emotions in check.
You might find it interesting: Men and Food: What Does it Mean When a Guy Eats your Food?
3. Get Involved in Activities That Make You Feel Good About Yourself.
It’s easy to fall into the trap of looking externally for approval when we don’t feel good about ourselves internally, so it’s important that we make time for activities that make us feel proud and confident about who we are, regardless of what other people may think of us.
Doing something that makes you feel good about yourself can be a great way to boost your self-esteem.
So spend time doing activities that make you happy, like exercising, reading, writing, or spending time with friends and family.
These things will help remind you of how capable and strong you are, regardless of what guys think.
You might enjoy: Why Do Guys Like Touching a Girl’s Waist? (3 Things!)
4. Make Time For Self-Care.
Self-care is essential when breaking the cycle of seeking validation from guys.
Make sure that you’re taking care of yourself in all aspects—physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually.
This might include getting enough rest, eating healthily, meditating each day, or even just taking some “me time”
Some examples might include reading, journaling, stretching, or even just sitting quietly with yourself, whatever works best for you!
This will help create a space where you can reflect on what makes YOU happy and content without needing external validation or approval from anyone else.
You might like: 60 Best Self-Care Ideas For Stress Relief
5. Surround Yourself With People Who Build You Up.
Surrounding yourself with positive people who build you up instead of tearing you down is vital when trying to break free from seeking validation from guys (or anyone else).
These people should be supportive of your journey and offer unconditional love without expecting anything in return.
This type of environment will allow both parties involved to grow together without any strings attached!
You might like: What to Reply When a Guy Says “Not Interested”?
Final Thoughts
Breaking free from seeking validation from guys doesn’t have to be complicated; just remember these five simple steps:
- Start by identifying your triggers,
- take a step back whenever necessary,
- get involved in activities that make YOU feel good about yourself,
- make time for self-care,
- and surround yourself with positive people who build YOU up instead of tearing YOU down.
With these tips in mind, you’ll soon find that being independent feels much better than relying on someone else’s opinions or approval! | https://mentalstyleproject.com/how-to-stop-seeking-validation-from-guys/ |
Senior Information Technology Controls Analyst
J3 Consulting is a consulting firm with extensive experience in the government sector. J3 has worked in the Information Technology (IT) Risk and Controls sector for several years and is proud of its positive past performances.
J3 is seeking a Senior level IT Controls Analyst with project management and technical experience to support the Verification & Validation (V&V) activities including the assessment and analysis of IT controls as a part of the Federal Information Technology Acquisition Reform Act (FITARA) government policy.
Department: IT
Project Location(s): Washington, DC
Education: Bachelor’s Degree
Clearance Level: Public Trust
Responsibilities & Duties
- Support and drive execution of USDA’s FITARA IT Management Maturity Model (ITMMM) Verification and Validation efforts for all USDA mission areas and ITMMM critical functions including IT Governance, Program Management, Budget, Acquisition, Organization/IT Workforce and Cybersecurity
- Review self-assessments across multiple critical function areas – inspect artifacts and validate justifications for FITARA ITMMM governance
- Conduct compliance assessments by understanding business objectives, structure, policies and procedures, internal controls, and external regulations
- Monitor, track and support execution of corrective action plan
- Conduct benchmarking and market research; assess client performance gaps against industry peers/leaders; develop strategic and tactical recommendations to close IT Control gaps and improve overall performance. | https://j3llc.com/careers_archive/senior-information-technology-controls-analyst/ |
The night was filled with sandy feet, slow dances and Spanish rice. The 2022 junior and senior prom lasted from 7:30 p.m. to 10:30 p.m., Saturday, April 23. Students arrived with friends and dates decked out in dresses and suits of every color. Attendees spent the night dancing by the beach at the Jonathan Beach Club and eating from the buffet of quesadillas, rice, chicken and more.
“I was excited off the bat, but I think it was a lot bigger than I expected it to be. And it was really fun because mostly everyone was dancing the whole time. And if you didn’t want to do that, you could just sit down,” junior Paulina DePaulo said. “It was really fun. It was very lively — [there was] lots of energy.”
It was really fun. It was very lively — [there was] lots of energy.”
— Paulina DePaulo ('23)
The night provided students with a chance to spend time with their peers and teacher chaperones in a non-academic environment. Junior Lucy Brodsky said she appreciated the opportunity to escape the stressors of academics while spending time with a large group of Archer students.
“I thought prom was a lot of fun,” Brodsky said. “I love so many things about the Archer culture, but one of the things that I don’t love is the high stress environment that sometimes exists in the academic side of the culture, and I think it’s great that everybody who put the prom together gave us a chance to get away from that.”
The outdoor venue was set up with a tented area with seating and buffets and provided space to dance, eat or talk throughout the evening. Extending from the tented space was the wood-paneled dance floor and DJ station. There was also an open sand area with standing tables for students to snack and talk at.
“I actually liked the outdoor setup just because it allowed for people to step away and go hang out on the sand if they wanted [to go] away from that middle dance floor. You could also just have fun and hang out in the central area too,” DePaulo said. “I thought it was really well thought out.”
For the senior class, prom created a space for students to connect before they enter their final month of school.
“It was great — [I was] just glad to have some form of celebration with my fellow senior class before we all leave and head off to college,” senior Layla Huber-Verjan said. “I loved seeing everyone’s dresses. Everyone looked so pretty and fabulous.”
Although some believe that the uptick in COVID-19 cases the following week was due to prom and weekend gatherings like this, they still reported being happy they attended.
Excitement over seeing peers dressed up for the event was a sentiment fellow senior Lily Kerner shared. Some students got ready for the prom in groups, such as the senior pre-prom that was hosted by senior Grace Doyle. | https://archeroracle.org/77587/news/post-prom-students-reflect-on-celebration-with-peers/ |
We are currently seeking a dynamic Claims Supervisor to join our team in Latham, NY! This position is a fast-paced supervisory and technical role. The Claims Supervisors provide supervision and training to claims processing staff, monitor and evaluate staff performance, actively oversee workflow management, and continuously identify production efficiencies. This is frequently a client-facing position representing Claims on implementations, external audits, and manager back-up on client meetings.
Responsible for understanding, communicating, and meeting client performance guarantees.
Supervise, provide direction, and mentor assigned staff, providing feedback on performance and developing/implementing action plans for improvement.
Develop training programs to address specific individual and/or team needs.
Evaluate and control workflow within the team. Ensure processor assignments are appropriately aligned to ensure performance guarantees are met.
Contribute to a team environment by maintaining good interpersonal skills related to peers and management and demonstrate flexibility and support in meeting departmental goals.
May be required to perform other duties and/or projects as needed. | https://careers.beaconhealthoptions.com/job/claims-supervisor/J3N11J75SQ51329KX8P/ |
Randall & Hurley, Inc.
Senior Defined Benefits Consultant
Loren D. Stark Company
Pentegra
Excellent TPA
Retirement Plan Administrator - Senior Associate
PBMares
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White & Case LLP, via Lexology; free registration required
June 9, 2021
"Three [proposed] bills would change US antitrust laws to target 'reverse payment' patent settlements, 'product hopping' and 'sham' citizen petitioning. A fourth bill would cap the number of patents in an infringement action resulting from a 'patent dance' information exchange in the abbreviated approval pathway for biosimilars. Supporters claim these bills would target conduct that supposedly prevents or slows competition from less-expensive drugs." | https://benefitslink.com/news/index.cgi/view/20210609-165794 |
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The 3rd Annual Biomarkers Congress
Venue: The Midland Hotel
Location: Manchester, United Kingdom
|Event Date/Time: May 14, 2008||End Date/Time: May 15, 2008|
Description
The 3rd annual Biomarkers World Congress 2008, presented by Oxford Global Conferences, provides a first class educational and networking opportunity for over 200 attendees to gain knowledge and insights into the Biomarkers marketplace.
It explores core topics such as integration of applications and enabling technologies, molecular diagnostics and assay development, imaging in preclinical and clinical development; biomarker discovery & validation in different therapeutic areas such as Oncology, CNS and Cardiovascular, biomarkers in translational discovery and clinical development, and toxicity biomarkers. Do not miss out on the opportunity to learn insights on how you can streamline your R&D process and identify potential cost savings through successful biomarker discovery, validation and clinical development. Over the 2 days, the comprehensive and scientific conference programme will feature key note addresses, case study presentations, panel and roundtable discussions of over 65 senior level industry speakers from leading pharmaceutical, biotechnology, diagnostics, clinical research companies and academic institutions covering the following hot topics:
Plenary Session:
• Integration of technologies & applications to bridge the gap between Discovery, Validation and Development
• Biomarker Discovery and Development in Translational Research
Stream One:
Biomarker Discovery and Validation: Accelerating discovery and validation through Genomics, Protein, Metabolic biomarkers as well as application of biomarker technologies in different therapeutic areas such as Oncology, CNS, Cardiovascular.
Stream Two:
Molecular Diagnostics, Data Integration, Data Analysis, Modelling and Bioinformatics: Exploiting tools and technologies to deliver personalised medicine, and successful integration of these tools within the preclinical and development process
Imaging in Preclinical and Clinical Development & Assay Validation & Development: Profiting from application of imaging technologies and techniques in preclinical and clinical drug development
Stream Three:
Biomarkers in Clinical Development: Aligning biomarker discovery clinical development, and clinical trial activity to improve safety and efficacy
Toxicity Biomarkers: How biomarkers lower attrition rates and adverse events in preclinical and clinical development activities
WHO YOU WILL MEET
Over 200 senior attendees from leading pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, biotechnology, diagnostics, academics, government, CRO and solution provider companies will be attending. Meet senior VPs, Directors, and Managers from the following job titles:
Biomarker, Toxicity, Safety, Clinical Pharmacology, Translational Research, Clinical Discovery, Clinical Research, Molecular Informatics, Diagnostics, Pharma Development, Genomics, Proteomics, Biomarker Discovery, R&D, Statistical Biomarker Research, Molecular Biology, CSO, Metabolomics, Toxicoinformatics Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacogenetics, Experimental Medicine, Imaging, Discovery Oncology, Clinical Oncology, Discovery Medicine, Biological Sciences, Pharmaometrics, Pharmacokinetics
THE NEW EVENT FORMAT: NETWORKING AND BUSINESS MEETING OPPORTUNITIES
Meet the speakers and your peers
In addition to the full conference agenda, this event offers you the chance to meet face-to-face with leading industry solution providers and senior-level industry peers through a series of formal and informal networking opportunities.
Meet the speakers and delegates through roundtable discussions
A selection of our key speakers will be hosting focused discussion groups to drill down into their areas of expertise. Lasting for 40 minutes to an hour, each session will start with a brief presentation from the speaker followed by a roundtable debate.
Meet solution providers
Use our online appointment system to contact solution providers prior to the event and to pre-arrange one-to-one meetings with them. Discuss technologies, services and solutions that address your key business concerns. | http://www.allconferences.com/conferences/2007/20071219094811 |
David Kolb has developed a way of looking at learning as a cyclical process. His model (Gish 1979) includes the steps of concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. In this process a person has an experience, reflects on it as new or related to other experiences, develops concepts to name and connect it with other experiences, and uses the concepts in later actions as a guide for behavior. Out of these sequential steps the person derives a new set of experiences that lead to a repeat of the learning cycle. Effective learning occurs when all four steps come into play. In the academic setting, learning usually focuses on only one or two of the above steps. For example, in the social sciences we are very good at presenting lecture information or, what Kolb would call, abstract conceptualization. We fall short, however, in providing the steps of concrete experience or active experimentation. Applying Kolb’s model, educators need to develop situations for students to experience all the steps. The students’ incorporation of additional learning steps into their academic studies could result in students more fully internalizing and therefore retaining, skills and knowledge from their courses. This teaching note will discuss the uses of a simulation prison project in a sociology corrections class as one technique toward this goal.
According to educational theory (Mays and Taggart 1985:61) there are two views concerning the acquisition of knowledge: 1) the student-centered approach aimed at personal development and stimulation of creativity and 2) the subject-centered approach concerned with imparting specific knowledge. While the latter is the primary aim of most college-level courses, the former world be more in line with the ideas of Kolb. Coleman (1971:324) feels that simulations can provide a blending of the above aims by teaching specific content as well as reasoning and analytical skills. The rationale for using such an approach is that students do not learn primarily from being taught, but through experiencing the consequences of actions and decisions. Additional support for this approach comes from the work of Ellington, Addinell and Percival. (1981).
The model prison is a student-centered technique which is based on the following assumptions: 1) simulations are more useful for teaching processes than they are for conveying large amounts of specific knowledge, and 2) when used with particular study units, simulations are useful in stimulating discussions. Simulations represent a joining of the theoretical and the practical, a synthesis that is difficult to capture in lectures or textbooks (Mays and Taggart 1985:61).
Although simulations have been used in a wide variety of educational settings, they are not without their critics. One of the main criticisms is that a simulation is still artificial. It may oversimplify reality, and therefore may teach nothing about real life (Coleman 1971:325).
The design a prison concept, used in my Corrections class, is designed to be a creative simulation. Students design the prisons themselves using information gained in class and from outside sources. In developing both the internal and external structure of the prison, the students are developing a model which will later be subject to evaluation.
The Corrections classes are composed mainly of junior and senior, criminal justice and sociology/corrections majors. Since these students have a basic background in the field of criminal justice, they are ready for the applied steps of Kolb’s learning cycle. Students get a chance to experiment actively by designing a prison based on abstract conceptualizations they have from prior classes etc., as well as, the concrete experience of having taken a tour of a correctional facility while in the Corrections class. Finally, they use reflective observation when they are asked to make their presentations to the class and have their project critiqued and graded by both their peers and me.
Current prisons have failed to rehabilitate inmates. Therefore, you have been assigned the task of designing a more effective prison. Not only should you include in your project a drawing of your prison but also a list of the ten most important rules.
General characteristics: Type of prison (adult/juvenile), Location (urban/rural), Security levels (maximum, minimum), Design (high rise/farm), etc.
Philosophy of punishment: social defense, punishment, rehabilitation, etc.
Staff: guards, counselors, administrators, etc.
Services: vocational, health care, education, religious, psychological, work releases, etc.
Privilege system: the “house rules”, rewards, punishments, etc.
Organizational style: inmate self-government, grievance procedure, ombudsman, management style (military, participative).
Problem areas: handling of riots, homosexuality, inmate assaults, contraband, etc.
Throughout the semester the groups are given class time to work on this segment of their project which we are covering in class (Ex. Philosophy of punishment, types of inmates, prison problems). This allows the students to apply what they learned to their model. There are no restrictions as to money, staff, or location. This allows for the maximum amount of flexibility and creativity. They are, however, cautioned to design a prison which is consistent with the world in which it is placed. For example, if the institution exists in the present day, it needs to be consistent with our current laws and Constitution. If it exists in the future, the students need to explain the structure of the society in which it is placed (ex. After a world war, or the invention of new technology).
What is the philosophy of punishment of your prison?
How will the community be involved with your prison? The remaining 20% of their grade comes from their peers who evaluate each presenter on a 20 pt. scale (10 pts. possible for presentation and 10 pts. for delivery).
Over the years groups have developed various methods of presentation. Some use an approach which places the class in the position of prisoners, townspeople or legislators. Other groups have pretended that they are an investigative news team or a private building corporation. One group, who designed a camp prison, came dressed in T-shirts on which were printed their staff positions. Another group developed a video where they interviewed simulated community service workers at various points of their sentences. While these prisons existed in the present day, futuristic prisons included one underwater, floating on an oil rig and on the moon!
In conclusion, this project is a student-centered approach to learning which stresses creativity. Students have become active participants rather than passive observers of the learning process.
This project is useful for demonstrating and reinforcing concepts such as prisonization, reintegration, retribution, and cultural relativism.
Problem solving and decision making skills learned by doing this project can be transferred to other learning and/or employment situations.
The students are able to be creative, something that is usually lacking in education beyond grade school.
The students develop noncognitive skills (such as communication and interpersonal relations) and attitudes (such as cooperation and interpersonal relations) and attitudes (such as cooperation and open-mindedness) by working in a group.
Students are more actively involved in the learning process.
While some competition may develop within and between groups, this is not the main intent of the project.
Students learn to integrate concepts from other disciplines, for example, behavior modification from psychology.
Since these students are from both the sociology and criminal justice departments, they are able to share ideas and learn how course information often overlaps.
The students learn to develop clear and concise ideas so they don’t contradict themselves in their presentations.
The teacher plays the role of mentor, by asking leading questions, and judge, by giving grades.
This project is entirely under the control of the group with each student having input into the final presentation.
Based on over 15 years experience with this project, the following suggestions may also be helpful.
Make sure the students have time in class to work on their project. This is especially true for commuting students.
Take attendance on the days the groups meet in class to insure that everyone has participated. (I took one point off of their grade, based on 100 pts., for each absence).
Allow classmates to evaluate each presenter individually. This insured that the entire class stayed involved.
Require the groups to have some type of visualization (model, slides, overhead transparencies or poster) so the audience can visualize the prison.
Do not require a report, since this project is designed to improve critical thinking and oral presentation skills.
It is difficult to evaluate the “success” of a project of this type. I have had a student who was going to veterinary school be able to eliminate a required speech class because she had made an oral presentation in my class. Other students have taken this class primarily to do a prison project. I have had a few students who felt they would be too nervous to make a presentation gain self-confidence. Other students have had to critically reevaluate their often-stereotypical opinions of prisons. The final measure, however, is a student/citizen/employee who can communicate orally and evaluate critically what they see, hear and read.
Powerpoint is useful in teaching about prisons. Attached is a Powerpoint presentation which can serve as an example of how the simulation has been used in my classes. Please note that the Powerpoint files should be requested using a high-speed Internet connection only.
Coleman, James. 1971. “Learning Through Games.” In E. Avedon and B. Sutton-Smith (Eds.), The Study of Games. Pp. 322-325. New York: Wiley.
Ellington, Henry, Addinall, Eric, and Percival, Fred. 1981. Games and Simulations in Science Education. London: Kogan Page, Ltd.
Gish, Glen, L. 1979. “The Learning Cycle.” Synergist 8, pp. 2-6.
Mays, Larry G. and William A. Taggart. 1985. “Teaching Through the Use of Games and Simulations,” American Journal of Criminal Justice X, pp. 55-74. | http://www.ncsociology.org/sociationtoday/v31/jan.htm |
What To Do When An Advanced Student Attends My Class?
Ever felt that you didn’t know what to do when a more advanced dancer attended your class? This happens quite frequently when dancers want to take a lower level class to focus more on cleaning their technique or perhaps they are joining in to make up for lost time from a previous class they missed. So the big question I always had on my mind when I was in this situation was…where do I stand in class?
You want to be able to benefit from having someone with more advanced technique and years of experience attending your class, but also want to feel like you have your own place. So what should you do?
It is polite and customary to allow the more senior dancer (meaning level of dance placement and not age) to select where they would prefer to stand either at the barre or center of the room before those of less seniority have their pick. After they have done so, you can feel free to select any spots that are available.
In some cases, the more senior dancer wants to stay in the back or offers the dancers of the class they are joining to have first pick of the space. If this is the case, by all means select the space where you would normally go to on any other given day.
Bonus Tips:
- It would be extra beneficial if you can snag a space right behind the more senior dancer at the barre or on the line behind them in the center. This way you can watch how they execute different steps and learn from observation.
Observe:
- How do they move?
- What do they do differently from you? How can you mimic what they do well?
- How do they execute steps that you have more difficulty with?
- After class, ask for pointers on steps you want to improve on.
***Sometimes a fellow dancer will be able to explain a step in a way that you can relate to better.
***Every extra ounce of information or time spent practicing something will bring you closer to mastering and achieving your goal.
Remember by following proper dance etiquette you are demonstrating to your peers and teacher that you respect the art of dance, those who are invited to attend class, and the time that is being given for your overall improvement.
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Brief Biographical Sketch:
Alex Quetell is in the Department of Art and Archaeology, Program II Visual Art. He is pursuing certificates in Dance, Environmental Studies, and German, and focuses most of his energy on dance and performance work. His thesis show “eXcess” is an hour-length multi-media and dance performance that explores technology as a vehicle to detach the human from humanity. eXcess exploits the part format to constitute binaries of low and high class, and nature and technology. The party deconstructs throughout the show to reveal the interrelated, complex organisms that organize and control today’s social structures. Aside from this thesis work, Alex actively performs with student dance groups diSiac Dance Company and Princeton University Ballet, and choreographs for shows in the Dance and Theater programs. He hopefully looks forward to a long career in dance and the arts post-graduation.
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The number of open access (OA) scientific journals is rapidly increasing, with approximately 10,000 OA journals indexed by the Directory of Open Access Journals as of 2013. OA journals provide readers with free and unrestricted access to their articles online. The recent rise of OA journals reflects a growing movement toward the open dissemination of all types of scholarly work (e.g., journal articles, working papers, research data, etc.) via the removal of financial and legal barriers. You may choose to publish your scientific manuscript in an OA journal so that your article can be more easily discovered and accessed by any interested reader. Also, several studies show that articles published in OA journals receive more citations than those published in traditional subscription-based journals, indicating that publishing your article in an OA journal may increase the impact of your work. Submitting your manuscript to an OA journal thus confers benefits to both you and your readers by potentially increasing the visibility, accessibility, and citation of your article.
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Many OA journals publish articles that have undergone rigorous peer review, sound editorial decisions, and elegant typesetting, formatting, and online publication. Other OA journals, however, charge hefty article processing or publishing fees but add no value to the articles in return. Articles appearing in these “predatory” OA journals may have undergone little to no peer review, may be exact or near duplicates of articles published in other journals, may receive no professional formatting prior to publication, and may not be indexed in any major databases. Furthermore, these journals may exist only temporarily and make no commitment to long-term digital preservation, meaning that your published article could disappear at any time with no warning. The publishers of these “predatory” journals appear to be motivated by profit more than the dissemination of quality scholarly research. A growing list of suspected “predatory” OA journals and journal publishers is kept by Jeffrey Beall at the University of Colorado Denver (scholarlyoa.com), and he estimates that 5-10% of all OA articles are published by untrustworthy journal publishers.
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