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41030586
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajos%20J%C3%A1nossy
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Lajos Jánossy
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Lajos Jánossy (2 March 1912, Budapest – 2 March 1978, Budapest) was a Hungarian physicist, astrophysicist and mathematician and a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. His primary research fields were astrophysics, nuclear physics, quantum mechanics, mathematical physics, and statistics, as well as electrodynamics and optics.
Biography
Jánossy was the adopted son of influential Marxist philosopher and politician György Lukács (1885–1971). He was also the brother of the economist and engineer Ferenc Jánossy (1914–1997). He married the physicist Leonie Kahn (1913-1966) who he met during his studies in Berlin: together they were parents to physicists Mihály Jánossy (1942–2004), András Jánossy (1944), also a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and István Jánossy (1945), as well as Anna Jánossy (1938-1999), a medical researcher.
After the 1919 fall of the early Hungarian Soviet Republic, his mother and stepfather, Gertrúd Borstieber and György Lukács, left the country together, and moved to Vienna. Thus, from the age of 6, Jánossy lived abroad: he attended university in Vienna and, later, in Berlin. He worked in the laboratory of Werner Kolhörster in Berlin (1934–1936) focusing on astrophysics until he and his wife had to move again, fleeing Nazism. He started working with P.M.S. Blackett — who became a Nobel laureate in 1948 — concentrating on cosmic radiation at Birkbeck College in London, heading the cosmic radiation research group and later at Manchester University. In 1947 invited by Walter Heitler and Erwin Schrödinger he joined the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies as a professor and group leader of the cosmic rays research laboratory.
In 1950, invited by the Hungarian Government, Jánossy returned home to Budapest — not only for reasons of promised scientific possibilities, but also because his foster father and his mother had also returned there from their emigration in Moscow.
Jánossy was charged with the task of managing the Cosmic Radiation Department at the Central Research Institute for Physics (Hungarian abbreviation: KFKI) founded in 1950. He was very active in scientific organisation, education and public life. He was appointed deputy director of the KFKI from 1950 to 1956, and director from 1956 to 1970. In addition, he was also active as a university professor; the Department of Nuclear Physics at the Eötvös Loránd University was established for him. He was the first head of the Department of Nuclear Physics from 1957 to 1970.
His political engagement is attested by his membership, from 1962 until his death, in the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party Central Committee.
Work
At the beginning of his career in Germany, England, and Ireland, Jánossy focussed on cosmic rays, both experiment and theory. His name is linked to Geiger's coincidence detector development with special application to cosmic-ray secondary components created in the upper layers of the atmosphere (mesons such as kaons, muons, gamma rays). He demonstrated how primary cosmic rays colliding with the Earth's atmosphere produced secondary penetrating showers cascading to the surface of the earth (1940–1941).
From an early age to his death, he had a wide-ranging interest in the mathematical and statistical aspects of physical analysis, and, in particular, the application of probability and calculus to experimental results in nuclear physics and particle physics. He is known for his statistical analysis methods for cosmic rays. Specifically, during his stay in Dublin, he completed his classic monograph on cosmic rays (1948) and published important monographs on particle showers (1950), introducing the eponymous joint probability densities—now called Jánossy densities—in the theory of random point processes.
Until the 1950s, the most important field in the research of high-energy particles was the investigation of cosmic radiation. But as the large accelerators started to take over the leading role, Jánossy turned away from the investigation of cosmic radiation and focussed on theoretical problems of quantum mechanics, the dual character of light, as well as the theory of relativity.
Together with KFKI colleagues, he carried out a famous low-intensity interference experiment, a quantum-mechanical process in which low-intensity photon beams interfere with themselves—although the experiments originally sought to refute this possibility. These interference results involving a small number of photons are significant for appreciating the quantum nature of light. The measurements he carried out in connection with the dual character of light (self-interference of few photons) supplied results that were expected on the basis of quantum mechanics; yet, due to the requirements of extremely high accuracy, measurements of this kind had not been carried out before Jánossy. Spurred by this famous photon experiment, Schrödinger was quick to write a letter, in which he emphasized the importance of the result. In both the measurement of cosmic radiation and the low intensity interference experiment, precision of the correct results is of fundamental importance, which justified Jánossy's interest in the statistical evaluation of measurements.
In the last one and a half decades of his theoretical activity, he was engaged in the hydrodynamic model of quantum mechanics and the interpretation problems of the theory of relativity. He had an interest in the physics philosophy of interpretation, and practical aspects of physics education and the promotion of physics as well. He was also active in the organization of public scientific. From 1953 until his death, he co-edited the Hungarian Physical Journal, and he was a member of the editorial board of Acta Physica Hungarica and Hungarian Science, as well as Foundations of Physics.
Memberships and awards
Member (1950) and, later, vice-president (1961 to 1973) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (1961), the Royal Irish Academy (1949), the Mongolian Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Sciences of the German Democratic Republic (1954).
Awarded the Kossuth Prize (1951); Academic Gold Medal (1972); Vice chair of the Eötvös Physical Society (1950–1969); chair of the National Atomic Energy Commission. From 1966 till his death, president of the Hungarian Stamp Collectors' Association.
The Eötvös Physical Society in 1994 established the Jánossy Lajos Award, for outstanding research in the field of theoretical and experimental physics.
Main works
Cosmic Rays, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1948, 424p. Online copy
Cosmic Rays, Dublin, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1947, 56p.
Cosmic rays and nuclear physics, London, Pilot Press, 1948, p. 186.
English: cosmic radiation, Budapest, Educated People, 1954, p. 137.
Italian: Cosmic Raggi e fisica nucleare, Milano, Bompiani, 1954, p. 275.
German: Einführung in die kosmische Strahlenforschung, Berlin, Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1955, p. 148.
Polish: Promienie kosmiczne, Warszawa, Wiedza Powszechna, 1956, p. 158, p.
Bulgarian: Koszmicsni Lacs, Sofia, Akad, 1957, 141p.
Russian: Koszmicseszkije Luchi, Moscow, 1949, 464p.
Philosophical analysis of the special theory of relativity, Budapest, Central Research Institute of Physics, 1960, p. 76.
English: Philosophical remarks on special relativity, Budapest, Central Research Institute for Physics, 1960, p. 62.
Überlegungen zu den Grundlagen der Wahrscheinlchikeitsrechnung, Berlin, Akademie-Verlag, 1960, 23p.
Reflections of the problem measuring the velocity of light, Budapest, Central Research Institute of Physics, 1963, p. 42.
Nuclear Lexicon, chief editor: Jánossy Lajos, Budapest, Academic, 1963, p. 453.
The relativity of philosophical problems, Budapest, Academic, 1963, p. 351 (Elek Tibor version)
The problem of the Lorentzian relativity principle, explaining, ed. Theodore Siklos, Budapest, Central Research Institute for Physics, 1964, 47 p.
Theory and practice of the evaluation of measurements, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1965, p. 481.
Russian: i , Moscow, Mir, 1965, p. 462.
English: Measurement results of evaluation theory and practice, Budapest, Academic, 1968, p. 527.
Fundamentals of probability theory and in particular the use of some measurement results to evaluate, Budapest, Textbook Publishers, 1965, 206p.
Relativity and physical reality, Budapest, Thought, 1967, p. 327.
English: Theory of relativity based on physical reality, Budapest, Academic, 1971, p. 317.
Bulgarian: Teoriâta na i otnositelnostta fizičeskata dejstvitelnost, Sofia, Akad, 1973, 269p.
Japanese: Butsurigakuteki sotaisei riron, Tokyo, Kodansha, 1974, p. 384.
Physics,I–III. Budapest, Textbook Publishers, 1969–1971. (Stephen Főzy and György Kulin)
Papers published from 1934 to 1971, I– vols. Budapest, Central Research Institute of Physics, 1962–1971.
Probability, Budapest, Textbook Publishers, 1972, 61p. (Peter Tasnádi)
Vector Computer, Budapest, Textbook Publishers, 1973, 470p. (Peter Tasnádi)
Theory of relativity based on physical reality, Budapest, Academic, 1973, p. 311.
Visual calculus: functions to differentiation, Budapest, Textbook Publishers, 1974, 166 p. (Stephen Jánossy).
Intuitive integral calculus Budapest, Textbook Publishers, 1974, p. 154 (Stephen Jánossy).
Chapters in mechanics, ed. Eagle elemer, Budapest, Minerva, 1975, p. 151.
Vector Computer, I–III. Budapest, Textbook Publishers, 1980–1983. (Peter Tasnádi and Peter Gnädig rel)
Integrating vectors, Budapest, Franklin, 1983, p. 398 (Tasnádi Peter and Peter Gnädig)
Vectors and tensors differentiating, Budapest, Franklin, 1989, p. 253.
See also
List of Hungarian astronomers
References
Further reading
Stephen Hajduska: Jánossy Lajos, in: Fizikai Szemle (1968) 9 p. 273–275.
Paul Francis Tétényi & Szabó Lajos Farewell Jánossy, in: Fizikai Szemle (1978) 3 p. 82–88. (bibliography)
Charlemagne: "Jánossy Lajos", in Hungarian Science (1978) 9 p. 706–708.
Somogyi Anthony, "Reflections on Lajos Jánossy's seventieth birth anniversary", in Hungarian Science (1982) 5 p. 391–396
In memoriam: Lajos Jánossy-75 Erwin Schrödinger-100, Budapest, Central Research Institute for Physics, 1987, p. 148 (MTA Ko ̈zponti Fizikai Kutato ́ Int ́ezete) .
Tarjan Imre, Lajos Jánossy, Remembrance in: Fizikai Szemle (1987) 4 p. 121–122
Varga, Peter Jánossy Lajoss, demanding physicist
External links
Lajos Jánossy
Kardos István: Lételeme a fizika volt – Jánossy Lajos (1912–1978), in: Ezredvég
Király Péter: Jánossy Lajos, a fizikus, in: Fizikai Szemle 2005. 8. sz.
Palló Gábor: Jánossy Lajos műhelye, in: Fizikai Szemle 1991. 12. sz.
20th-century Hungarian physicists
20th-century Hungarian astronomers
20th-century Hungarian mathematicians
1912 births
1978 deaths
Members of the Royal Irish Academy
Academics of the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
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41030597
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naud%C3%A9
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Naudé
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Naudé may refer to:
Annelize Naudé (born 1977), Dutch professional squash player
Beyers Naudé (1915–2004), South African cleric, theologian and the leading Afrikaner
Elizna Naudé (born 1978), South African discus thrower
Franco Naudé (born 1996), South African rugby union player
Gabriel Naudé (1600–1653), French librarian and scholar
Helmuth Naudé (1904–1943), German modern pentathlete
Jozua Naudé (pastor) (1873–1948), cofounder of the Afrikaner Broederbond, and father of Beyers Naudé
Morgan Naudé (born 1998), South African rugby union player
Peter Naudé (born 1950s), British organizational theorist
Pieter Hugo Naudé (1869–1941), South African painter
S. J. Naudé (born 1970), South African author and lawyer
Tom Naudé (1889–1969), Acting State President of South Africa
See also
Naude (disambiguation)
Afrikaans-language surnames
French-language surnames
Surnames of French origin
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41030605
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bichon%20%28album%29
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Bichon (album)
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Bichon is the second album of Julien Doré, released by Columbia/Sony BMG on 21 March 2011. The release consists of a single 13-track CD and is the follow-up of his debut album Ersatz. .
Track list
"Baie des anges" (4:56)
"Kiss Me Forever" (3:01)
"BB Baleine" (duet with Françoise Hardy) (3:41)
"L'Été Summer" (2:44)
"Golf Bonjovi" (3:27)
"Laisse avril" (3:47)
"Roubaix mon amour" (2:58)
"Glenn Close" (7:24)
"Vitriol" (4:22)
"Miami" (2:39)
"Bleu Canard" (1:24)
"Homosexuel" (duet with Yvette Horner) (2:48)
"Bergman" (duet with Biyouna) (3:39)
Special edition
There was also a 2 CD limited edition of Bichon that contained the track list of an English language EP in collaboration with The Bash and two additional bonus tracks as follows:
CD 1:
The exact content of above track list
CD 2:
Julien Doré & The Bash EP
(All 5 tracks in English language and credited to Julien Doré & The Bash)
"Winnipeg" (5:06)
"The Wall (3:20)
"Just A Deal" (2:41)
"Wheelchair" (2:21)
"Brown Ears" (7:11)
Bonus tracks
"L'été summer" (Demo version) (3:12)
"Wrong" (duet with Biyouna) (4:24)
Charts
References
2011 albums
Julien Doré albums
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41030625
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippurites%20atheniensis
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Hippurites atheniensis
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Hippurites atheniensis is an extinct species of fossil saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family Hippuritidae. These fossils occur in the Late Cretaceous deposits of Greece, Serbia, Dalmatia, Istria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria and Italy.
References
Global Names Index
Sepkoski's Online Genus Database
R. Cestaria - 1995 - Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas
Hippuritidae
Prehistoric bivalves
Cretaceous bivalves
Molluscs described in 1907
Fossils of Serbia
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41030631
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20Wool%20Board
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Australian Wool Board
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The Australian Wool Board was an Australian Government statutory board that existed in its first phase between May 1936 and January 1945; in its second phase between June 1945 and June 1953; and in its third and final phase, between May 1963 and December 1972. The first Wool Board, in 1936, together with the Wool Boards of New Zealand and South Africa decided to form an organisation to promote wool, to meet the growing challenge from synthetic fibres, which led to the formation in 1937 of the International Wool Secretariat. There have been other reorganisations of the management of the wool sector in Australia since.
The functions of each three Boards varied, with third reincarnation having the widest powers that included the promotion of the use of wool and wool products in Australia and other countries; the power to inquire into, and from time to time report upon the methods of marketing wool and any other matters connected with the marketing of wool; and such other functions as are conferred on the Board by the Australian Government or as approved by the Minister for Primary Industries.
The activities of the Board were funded by a levy on woolgrowers first instituted to finance wool promotion activities in 1936 and later supplemented by funding from the Australian Government.
Objectives
The objectives of the third Wool Board were:
Joint international promotion of wool products through the International Wool Secretariat with the Wool Boards of New Zealand, South Africa, and Uruguay;
Provision of testing services for wool and wool products;
Provision of advice to government on wool research activities by government bodies in relation to the needs of the wool industry; and
Oversight of all aspects of wool marketing but without executive powers over marketing.
Subsequent reorganisations
The Australian Wool Bureau existed between July 1953 and May 1963.
The Australian Wool Commission (AWC), created in November 1970, was replaced in January 1973 by the Australian Wool Corporation (AWC). The International Wool Secretariat (IWS) was an overseas extension of Wool Corporation and was merged into it. IWS had established the Woolmark trade mark in 1964 and owned it.
In 1991, the functions of the AWC were divided between three newly established entities: the Australian Wool Realisation Commission (AWRC), the Australian Wool Corporation [II] and the Wool Research and Development Corporation (WRDC). AWRC continued to operate until 2002, with the main task being the liquidation of the wool stockpile arising from the failed Australian Wool Reserve Price Scheme.
In December 1993, the Australian Wool Corporation and WRDC were merged to form the Australian Wool Research and Promotion Organisation (AWRAP). AWRAP had two subsidiaries: IWS and Australian Wool Innovation Limited (AWI). In 1997, the name of IWS was changed to The Woolmark Company.
Australian Wool Services Limited (AWS) was formed in 2001, and succeeded AWRAP. AWI was de-merged from AWS in 2002 and The Woolmark Company was sold by AWS to AWI in 2007.
See also
British Wool Marketing Board
References
External links
Marketing boards
Wool organizations
Wool industry in Australia
Wool
Wool
Wool
Agricultural organisations based in Australia
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41030632
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome%20Grey
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Jerome Grey
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Fa'anana Jerome Grey (born 23 March 1947) is an American singer, songwriter, musician and composer.
Career
Jerome Grey is a Samoan musician based in California. His song "We Are Samoa" was popular and became an unofficial anthem for the country.
Among the musicians he has worked with are Seminary Uesele and Harry Sinapi, collectively known as the Samoan Three.
He released recordings on New Zealand-based Hibiscus Records. His first single was "Olaga O Samoa". The Samoa Three, the group he started in 1971 was a popular trio who played contemporary, oldies and ballads including covers of Frank Sinatra, Tony Bennett, Nat King Cole and Sammy Davis. They were best known for their versatility in cultural songs, from Spanish to Latin, Hawaiian, Tahitian and Fijian. He raised the house with his rendition of the Hava Nagila.
Grey's passion was country music. He loved the humour and the story-telling about everyday life. He enjoyed covering Johnny Cash, George Strait, Kenny Rogers and Glen Campbell.
With two children and his wife he returned to Samoa to help with his father in-law's restaurant, Soli's. While there he recorded many island songs. With Aleki Fuimaono and Harry Miller as The Ava Band, the Ava LP was released in 1979 on Bluewater Records, produced by Frank Day and executive producer Tom Moffatt. The LP We Are Samoa followed in 1980, recorded in Hawaii and in Hollywood at Conway Records.
In January 2007 Grey suffered a mild stroke while working at Mai Tai in Long Beach, California. After four months he was back to work, slowly improving.
In August 2021 he was named as "Polynesia’s Artist of the Decade" by the Asia Pacific Cultural Center in Tacoma, Washington. In July 2022 the Pacific Music Awards announced that he would receive their 2022 lifetime achievement award.
Family
His eldest son Tinifu Loa Grey is a singer, composer and musician. Youngest son Taumata is a songwriter and lead guitarist for Common Kings. His daughter, Sisa Grey, is an actress. Anamativa works for the health industry and is an event planner for charities. Julie works for an insurance company, but shares the family joy and extraordinary gift of music.
Discography
45 RPM EP
Jerome Grey at the Intercontinental, Songs of Samoa – Hisbiscus Records HE.6
Albums
We Are Samoa – Jerome Grey Productions / Reminisce Music Publishing (1980)
Footprints (compact disc)
Coconut Woman – Jerome Grey Productions / Reminisce Music Publishing (1989)
The Ava Band
Ava – Bluewater Records SLP 633 (1979)
We Are Samoa – Bluewater Records SLP 733 (1980)
References
External links
1947 births
Living people
American musicians
Hibiscus Records artists
People from Apia
Samoan emigrants to the United States
Samoan music
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41030634
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naude
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Naude
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Naude is an Afrikaans surname, derived from the French Naudé. It may refer to:
Johan Naude, a South African surgeon and urologist
Naude Dreyer, a Namibian ocean conservationist
See also
Naudé
Afrikaans-language surnames
Surnames of French origin
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41030636
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicadulina
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Cicadulina
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Cicadulina is a leafhopper genus in the tribe Macrostelini.
Cicadulina species are vectors of the maize streak virus, a disease which is a sporadic but severe in sub-Saharan Africa. The cause is a geminivirus which is persistently transmitted by Cicadulina leafhoppers. The disease is also transmitted to Urochloa panicoides, a fodder grass originating in Southern Africa.
The maize orange leafhopper Cicadulina bipunctata has been reported to induce gall-like structures on maize in Japan.
References
External links
Cicadellidae genera
Insect vectors of plant pathogens
Macrostelini
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41030640
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%20Be%20the%20Judge
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You Be the Judge
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You Be the Judge is a United States television game show, which aired on New York City television WCBW beginning January 4, 1946. It is notable as an early example of television programming, though it was not a network series. In each episode, a real-life court case would be re-enacted, and three "amateur judges" (contestants) would make their decisions on the case. The "judge" who came closest the actual verdict would win a prize.
Personnel
Ed Stasheff wrote for the program and was its master of ceremonies, and John Southwell and Phil Booth were the directors.
Reception
A review of the show's first episode in the trade publication Billboard provided a positive outlook: " if its first showing is any criterion, [it] is a program headed for a long, successful and honorable life on television". The reviewer felt, however, that the program would be improved if viewers were allowed to register their decisions in cases via telephone. A subsequent review in Billboard, after the program had been on almost seven months, described it as "still a sock show, with real mental action and plenty of suspense". It noted that viewers at home had been "brought in only casually" and praised the camera work that "brought the performers right into the home".
Episode status
Methods to record live television did not exist during the run of the series. As such, the series is likely lost today except possibly for still photographs.
References
1946 American television series debuts
American live television series
Black-and-white American television shows
English-language television shows
1940s American game shows
Lost American television shows
Local game shows in the United States
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41030651
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selavayal
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Selavayal
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Selavayal() is mainly a residential locality in the northern part of the metropolitan city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu state, India.
Location
Selavayal is located near Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai Magic Nursery Garden Sri Durgai Avenue, KKD Nagar, Kodungaiyur, MKB Nagar, Manali.
Surroundings
Neighbourhoods in Chennai
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41030671
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption%20in%20Australia
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Corruption in Australia
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Corruption can take many forms, and can distort how public policy is made or implemented. This article discusses the responsibilities of the various agencies involved in combating corruption in Australia. While Australia is a wealthy democracy, over the decade since 2012, Australia's ranking in the Corruption Perceptions Index from Transparency International has slipped from 7th place in 2012 to 13th in 2022, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. Additionally, there is a public perception that corruption in Australia is increasing. All states have broad-based anti-corruption agencies, and a national anti-corruption commission has been operational since July 2023.
Protections for whistleblowers are weak in Australia, although greater protections have been pledged by the incumbent Albanese government.
National anti-corruption commission
History and early proposals
Australian Greens leader Bob Brown called on the Rudd Government in 2009 to establish an integrity commission. In January 2018, Bill Shorten, leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), promised to establish a federal integrity body if elected. Under public pressure, prime minister Scott Morrison promised to create a federal anti-corruption body if the Liberal-National Coalition won the 2019 election. However, the Morrison government did not introduce any legislation in Parliament to introduce such a body. A bill produced by Independent Helen Haines to introduce a federal anti-corruption body was blocked in Parliament by the Coalition in November 2021. The creation of a federal anti-corruption body was not part of the Morrison government's agenda during the 2022 election campaign.
Establishment
During the 2022 election campaign, the ALP, now under the leadership of Anthony Albanese, promised to establish the national anti-corruption commission (NACC) if they were elected. In November 2022, the Albanese government passed legislation to establish the NACC, which became operational on 1 July 2023.
Anti-corruption agencies by state/territory
Independent Commission Against Corruption (New South Wales)
Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) was established in 1989 to improve the integrity of the public service. ICAC is an independent body that is non-political, and that doesn't have a government minister in charge of its operations. ICAC holds a large amount of investigative powers including listening devices and telephone interception. ICAC holds both private and public hearings, and has the discretion to choose either option.
Crime & Corruption Commission (Queensland)
The Crime and Corruption Commission (CCC) is an independent statutory body that investigates and aims to reduce the amount of corruption across the public sector. It also investigates other serious crime including money laundering, fraud and homicide. Its powers include the ability to call witnesses to hearings, and require individuals to produce evidence. The CCC can give recommendations to courts, but cannot charge individuals with corruptions or crimes. It was established on 1 January 2002.
Integrity Commission (Tasmania)
The Integrity Commission is an independent statutory body which was established in 2010. It was created to ensure integrity in the public service and reduce corruption within Tasmania. Reports have found the Tasmanian Integrity Commission to have major flaws in its design due to none of its investigations using their full powers in an investigation.
Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission (Victoria)
The Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission (IBAC) is the key body that investigates corruption within Victoria. It was established in July 2012. The commission is designed to investigate corruption in the public service such as councils, parliament, the judiciary and other government bodies. The Victorian Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission has a large range of powers similar to the NSW Independent Commission Against Corruption such as interception of telecommunication devices and asking people to produce evidence or to speak at hearings.
Independent Commissioner Against Corruption (Northern Territory)
The Independent Commissioner Against Corruption (Northern Territory) was established in 2018.
Corruption and Crime Commission (Western Australia)
The Corruption and Crime Commission was established in Western Australia in 2004.
Independent Commission Against Corruption (South Australia)
The Independent Commission Against Corruption (South Australia) was established in 2013.
Notable corruption cases
Eddie Obeid
Eddie Obeid is a former Australian politician who was embroiled in a corruption investigation by the NSW Independent Commission Against Corruption. In 2013, ICAC found that Eddie Obeid lobbied his friend Steve Dunn to secure favourable leasing conditions for cafes at Circular Quay, Sydney. The investigation also found that Eddie Obeid used his position as Government MP to alter mining tenements in the Bylong Valley. Eddie Obeid was jailed for 5 years in late 2016, and could apply for parole in 3 years.
Wood Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police Service
The Wood Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police Service uncovered large scale corruption within the NSW Police Service. The royal commission went between 1995 and 1997, and ultimately led to the conviction of dozens of police officers. The Wood Royal Commission concluded that “systemic and entrenched corruption” was prevalent in the NSW Police Force. The impact of the royal commission led to cultural changes in the police organisation and stronger oversight on the dealing of police officers.
Barry O'Farrell
In 2014, Barry O'Farrell, the premier of New South Wales, accepted a $3,000 bottle of Penfolds Grange wine from Nick Di Girolamo, a chief executive of Australian Water Holdings (AWH). O'Farrell failed to disclose the gift, which is required by law in the state of New South Wales to prevent corruption. He was questioned by Independent Commission Against Corruption, but O'Farrell said he could not remember receiving it, despite evidence to the contrary. Due to unintentionally misleading an ICAC investigation, he chose to resign as premier in April 2014.
Gladys Berejiklian
In 2021 Gladys Berejiklian resigned as the premier of New South Wales after ICAC opened an investigation into potential corruption by her during her relationship with disgraced former politician Daryl Maguire. Their secret relationship was eventually revealed due to a wiretap placed on Maguire following his becoming a person of interest in two ICAC investigations. Berejiklian was caught on the wiretap ignoring potentially corrupt statements by Maguire. On 29 June 2023, the ICAC found that Berejiklian had engaged in "serious corrupt conduct". The ICAC did not recommend that criminal charges be pursued due to the difficulties in mounting a prosecution due to the loss of the right to silence during her ICAC hearings, and the unlikelihood that the Director of Public Prosecutions would follow such a recommendation.
Rankings and research
In 2012, there was little evidence of corruption in Australia. Corruption in Australia was relatively uncommon when compared to other nations worldwide. Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index scores countries according to the perceived corruption of the public sector on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean") and then ranks those countries by their scorethe country with the highest score is ranked first and is perceived to have the most honest public sector. The 2012 Index gave Australia a score of 85/100, which ranked it in 7th place out of 176 countries, although a corruption law expert warned that the Index gave an incomplete picture because it ignored corrupt dealings between Australia and foreign countries.
Unfortunately, according to this same index, the perception of corruption in the Australian public sector has been increasing since 2012. In the 2015 Index Australia ranked 13th, dropping six positions since 2012. Transparency International described Australia's score of 77 in the 2020 Index as a 'significant decliner', having fallen eight points since 2012, and called Australia's score of 73 in the 2021 Index 'one of the world’s most significant decliners, having dropped 12 points since 2012 to hit a record low this year. Its deteriorating score indicates systemic failings in tackling public sector corruption.'
Australia scored 75 on the 2022 Corruption Perceptions Index. When ranked by score, Australia ranked 13th among the 180 countries of the Index. For comparison with worldwide scores, the best score was 90 (ranked 1), the average score was 43, and the worst score was 12 (ranked 180). For comparison with regional scores, the highest score among the countries of the Asia Pacific region was 87, the average score was 45 and the lowest score was 17.
The phenomenon has also been studied by the Australian National University, which produced a report called Perceptions of Corruption and Ethical Conduct (2012), which concluded: 'there is a widespread perception that corruption in Australia has increased' and that 'the media, trade unions and political parties were seen as Australia's most corrupt institutions'.
Research published in 2015 by Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand found government and private firms in Australia and nearby New Zealand both display widespread 'complacent' attitudes about corruption, particularly in regards to companies bidding for government contracts.
In January 2018, a discussion paper published by the Australia Institute, suggested that the trust in the Australian government is at a historical low, which could have reduced the GDP by as much as 4% or $72.3 billion.
A report by Australian Public Service Commission's released in 2018, stated that investigations were conducted in only 0.3% of the workforce, meaning a total of 596 employees.
International comparison
Australia's score of 73 in the 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index remains well above the global average score of 43 and ranks the country at 18th of the 180 countries in that year's Index. Australia's nearest neighbour New Zealand scored 88 and was ranked 1st in the 2021 Index.
Some of Australia's smaller neighbours are making steps towards establishing Independent Commissions Against Corruption, with Papua New Guinea recently voting unanimously to set up an Independent Commission Against Corruption. Another small neighbour, the Solomon Islands recently appointed its first Director General for its Independent Commission against Corruption.
Reactions
Australia has asserted a strong record of global, regional and domestic action to prevent and expose corrupt activity. These include the G20 Anti-Corruption Working Group, APEC Anti-Corruption and Transparency Working Group and the United Nations Convention against Corruption Working Groups.
Most Australians regard the acceptance of luxury gifts by Australian politicians to be a form of corruption through bribery.
Notes
See also
International Anti-Corruption Academy
Group of States Against Corruption
International Anti-Corruption Day
ISO 37001 Anti-bribery management systems
United Nations Convention against Corruption
OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
Transparency International
References
Australia
|
41030682
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicadulina%20mbila
|
Cicadulina mbila
|
Cicadulina mbila, the maize leafhopper, is a leafhopper species in the genus Cicadulina.
It is found in sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda), the Middle East, West Asia and India. It is one of the vectors of the maize streak virus.
References
External links
Fact sheet at eafrinet/maize_pests
Macrostelini
Insects described in 1924
Insect vectors of plant pathogens
Insects of the Middle East
Insects of India
Insect pests of millets
|
41030695
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacean%20morbillivirus
|
Cetacean morbillivirus
|
Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a virus that infects marine mammals in the order Cetacea, which includes dolphins, porpoises and whales. Three genetically distinct strains have been identified: dolphin morbillivirus (DMV), pilot whale morbillivirus (PWMV) and porpoise morbillivirus (PMV). Symptoms of infection are often a severe combination of pneumonia, encephalitis and damage to the immune system, which greatly impair the cetacean's ability to swim and stay afloat unassisted. Since its discovery in 1987, CeMV has been responsible for numerous epizootics of mass mortality in cetacean populations. Epizootics of CeMV can be easily identified by a significant increase in the number of stranded cetaceans on beaches and shores.
References
Morbilliviruses
|
41030710
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lermontovsky%20Prospekt
|
Lermontovsky Prospekt
|
Lermontovsky Prospekt () is a station on Moscow Metro's Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line. It is located between Vykhino and Zhulebino and opened, together with Zhulebino, on 9 November 2013. The station is constructed below the intersection of Khvalynsky Boulevard and Lermontovsky Avenue, hence the name of the station, and is located outside the Moscow Ring Road, approximately from Kosino railway station. The construction of Lermontovsky Prospekt and Zhulebino was needed to unload Vykhino, which by the time of construction was the most crowded station of Moscow Metro.
Lermontovsky Prospekt is a shallow single-vault station. It is located below the central line of Lermontovsky Avenue, approximately from northwest to southeast. The station has five exits. Two of them are located at the northwestern side, at both sides of Lermontovsky Avenue, and three more at the southeastern side, at both sides of Khvalynsky Boulevard.
On 3 June 2019, the inaugural stretch of the Nekrasovskaya line was opened. Lermontovsky Prospekt was connected by a transfer to Kosino, the former west terminus of the line.
Location
The territory at which the station currently located was until 1984 a part of the town of Lyubertsy of Moscow Oblast. In 1984 it was transferred to Moscow, and subsequently rapid urban development started. The whole area, along with Lyubertsy and other areas along the Kazansky and Ryazansky suburban directions of Moscow Railway were strongly dependent on the station of Vykhino, then the terminus of the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line and a transfer station to both railway directions. In the 2000s, Vykhino was heavily overloaded. Eventually, the decision was taken to extend the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line beyond Vykhino. The construction of the first stretch, with the stations of Lermontovsky Prospekt and Zhulebino, started in August 2011. The tunnels were completed by September 2013.
References
Moscow Metro stations
Railway stations in Russia opened in 2013
Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line
Railway stations located underground in Russia
|
41030712
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan%20Frederik%20M%C3%B8ller
|
Johan Frederik Møller
|
Johan Frederik Møller, also J. F. Møller, (20 August 1797 - 14 October 1871) was a Danish painter and photographer.
Biography
Møller was born in Helsingør. He was the son of Peter Møller and Christine Olsdatter. His father was a customs officer. He trained as a clerk at the District office in Aarhus, and in 1824 trained as a portrait painter at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. He exhibited at the Charlottenborg Spring Exhibition between 1828 and 1867.
Møller primarily painted portraits. Notable portraits included those of Crown Prince Frederik Carl Christian (1836, Jægerspris Castle),
author Hans Christian Andersen (1847), playwright Adam Oehlenschläger (1830, Frederiksborg Museum), industrialist Jacob Holm and opera soprano Eleonora Zrza.
He served in 1844 as daguerreotypist in Elsinore, and in 1850 as a photographer, both in Elsinore and Copenhagen.
He was married in 1834 to Emilie Albertine Martens (1810-1882). He was the father of Johan Christian Møller (1835-1902) who became Head of the Army Medical Corps and in 1895 served as Surgeon General.
Johan Frederik Møller died in Copenhagen and was buried in Assistants Cemetery.
References
19th-century Danish painters
Danish male painters
1871 deaths
1797 births
People from Helsingør
Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni
19th-century Danish male artists
|
41030714
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmipuram%2C%20Chennai
|
Lakshmipuram, Chennai
|
Lakshmipuram is mainly a residential locality in the northern part of the metropolitan city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu state, India.
Location
Lakshmipuram is located near Retteri junction, Kolathur, Chennai.
There is a vegetable market and also a fish market is available near Retteri junction.
Neighborhoods
Vinayagapuram
Surapet
Puthagaram
Senthil Nagar
Kolathur
Puzhal
Kathirvedu
Sub-neighborhoods
Kalpalayam
Thirumaal Nagar
Padmaavathi Nagar
Saarathy Nagar
Singaaravelavan Nagar
Saptagiri Nagar
Sakthi Nagar
Venkateshwaraa Nagar
Hospitals
Sri Kumaran Hospital
Maya Nursing Home
Surroundings
Neighbourhoods in Chennai
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41030715
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic%20Languages%20%28journal%29
|
Turkic Languages (journal)
|
Turkic Languages is a peer-reviewed biannual academic journal published by Harrassowitz. The journal covers research on all aspects of linguistics concerning Turkic languages.
History and profile
Turkic Languages was launched in 1997. The journal is published biannually by Harrassowitz. Its publication is supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; "German Research Foundation" in English). The editor-in-chief of the journal is Lars Johanson, professor of Turcology at the University of Mainz.
The journal includes contributions on linguistic studies of Turkic languages. In addition, it also publishes review articles, reviews, discussions, reports, and news on recent publications in linguistics. The issues from 1997 to 2010 were digitized by DFG.
References
External links
1997 establishments in Germany
Biannual journals
English-language journals
Linguistics journals
Academic journals established in 1997
Turkic languages
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41030716
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GVV%20Dal%20Molin%20Roma
|
GVV Dal Molin Roma
|
The GVV Dal Molin Roma or Mori Anfibio Roma was a single-seat, amphibious flying boat glider built in Italy in 1933. Only one was constructed.
Design and development
The Roma was designed by Angelo Mori and built by the Grupo Volo a Vela Tommaso Dal Molin () in Varese. It was a cantilever high-wing monoplane, its high aspect ratio, single spar wing constructed with a wooden frame and covered in plywood and fabric. It was mounted with some dihedral and in plan was straight tapered with elliptical tips. Ailerons occupied about half the span.
The fuselage of the Roma was flat sided aft of the wing, which sat on top of it. Between the trailing edge and close to the tail it was fabric covered; the rest, like the forward fuselage, was skinned with ply. All the fuselage surfaces were treated with ship's waterproof paint. The cantilever horizontal tail, mounted on the fin just above the fuselage, was slightly straight tapered. The fin was very small, serving only to mount a large, slightly curved, balanced rudder. This extended below the fuselage, moving within an elevator cut-out and partly protected by a ventral fin. The cockpit was immediately ahead of the wing leading edge, with a curved upper fuselage reaching forwards to the nose. Different cockpit enclosures were used, though the order is uncertain. One placed the pilot under a separable, multi framed canopy; with the other the pilot after entry was surrounded by a demountable ply covering which filled the larger aperture, allowing his head to emerge from within an open, circular, collared hole. The interior was lit by glazing in the cover just in front of the seat.
The Roma was an amphibian and had a single step, flying boat style hull with the step under mid-chord. Small stabilizing floats were mounted under the wings at about two-thirds span, each attached by two spanwise parallel pairs of V-struts. Land operation used a standard glider skid, running from just aft of the nose to aft of the trailing edge. A dolly was used for launches.
Operational history
The Roma's first flight was in May 1933, flown by Romeo Sartori from Lake Schiranna near Varese. Plinio Rovesti later flew it from the summit of the Campo dei Fiori di Varese to Lake Maggiore, about away. On 16 September 1934 the Roma, flown again by Rovesti led eight Anfibio Vareses (another Mori design), bungee launched, from the Campo dei Fiori to alight at Schiranna. Rovesti continued to fly it from Campo dei Fiori and from Mottarone over local lakes. During World War II, the Roma was stored at Vizzola Ticino but was burned by retreating German occupation forces.
Specifications
References
Flying boats
1930s Italian sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Amphibious aircraft
High-wing aircraft
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41030731
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Tennekoon
|
Victor Tennekoon
|
Victor Tennekoon QC (9 September 1914 – April 1990) was a Sri Lankan lawyer and jurist. He served as the 35th Chief Justice of Sri Lanka, as well as the 33rd Attorney General and 23rd Solicitor General. From 1979 to 1984 Tennekoon served as Chancellor of the University of Peradeniya.
Early life and education
Born on 9 September 1914 in the Central Province of British Ceylon, he had four brothers; Herbert Tennekoon, former Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka; Reginald Tennekoon, member of parliament for Minipe; George Tennekoon, Professor of Pathology, University of Peradeniya and Kenneth Tennekoon, an engineer who emigrated to the UK in 1956 and one sister Dulcie Wijenaike.
He received his education at St. Anthony's College, Kandy; gained a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of London and subsequently entered the Ceylon Law College. He was called to the Bar on 4 May 1943 as an Advocate.
Legal career
Tennekoon started his legal practice in the unofficial bar in Kegalle and was appointed a Temporary Additional Crown Counsel on 1 October 1946 in the Attorney-General's Department. From 14 March 1949 to 5 March 1951, he was seconded to serve as the Secretary to the Kandyan Peasantry Commission. In September 1949 he was appointed Crown Counsel; in November 1955, he was appointed Acting Senior Crown Counsel and in May 1956 confirmed as Senior Crown Counsel. Between April 1957 and June 1961, he served as Acting Deputy Solicitor General. Although he specialized in civil law, he attended Columbia University on a senior fellowship in constitutional law from the Asia Foundation between September 1961 to March 1962 and on his return joined the Attorney-General's prosecution team in the 1962 coup d'état attempt. Appointed Solicitor General of Ceylon in 1964 he played a key role formulating the Sirima–Shastri Pact working as an advisor to the government on aspects of international law relating to the nationality problems of Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka in collaboration with Sir Humphrey Waldock. In 1965 he took silks as a Queen's Counsel. In 1967, he was appointed to the Supreme Court of Ceylon as a Puisne Justice. He was the first Kandyan to serve in the Supreme Court bench, serving from 8 February 1967 to 1 July 1970.
In July 1970, he was appointed Attorney General. During his term, he created the controversial Criminal Justice Commission to prosecute a large number of suspects of the 1971 JVP insurrection, which was later extended to prosecute exchange control violators. Reaching the public service retirement age of 60, he was appointed a Judge of the Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka in August 1973 and served till 31 December 1973. On 1 January 1974 he was appointed Chief Justice, succeeding Gardiye Punchihewage Amaraseela Silva and served till his retirement on 8 September 1977.
Later work
Following his retirement, Tennekoon served in many capacities. He served as the Chairman of the Presidential Commission on Development Councils from 1977 to 1980; Law Commission, the Salaries Review Committee, LB Finance Company, the Central Hospitals Ltd, and Deputy Chairman of the Commercial Bank of Ceylon. In 1984 he chaired the Ministry of Justice Law's Delays seminar and the Committee on the Courts of Appeal.
Tennekoon served as Chancellor of the University of Peradeniya from 1979 to 1984, he was conferred the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) honoris causa by the university. He was conferred the national honour of the title of Deshamanya in the first ever Independence Day National Honours list in 1986.
Family
Tennekoon was married to Semitha Wijewardena, niece of Don Richard Wijewardena. They had son Asita and two daughters Dayanthi and Priyani.
References
External links
Travels of Sri Lanka President
1914 births
Year of death missing
Ceylonese Queen's Counsel
Deshamanya
Chief justices of Sri Lanka
Attorneys General of Sri Lanka
Solicitors General of Sri Lanka
20th-century Sri Lankan people
Alumni of the University of London
Alumni of Sri Lanka Law College
Alumni of St. Anthony's College, Kandy
Puisne Justices of the Supreme Court of Ceylon
Sinhalese people
Sri Lankan judges
Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka judges
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41030736
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanne%20Maria%20Michaelis
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Susanne Maria Michaelis
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Susanne Maria Michaelis (born March 30, 1962 in Aachen) is a specialist in creole linguistics who is affiliated with the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig. She was previously at Leipzig University and at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena.
She studied Romance linguistics at the University of Bonn, the University of Poitiers and the University of Freiburg, working with Wolfgang Raible and Annegret Bollée. Between 1991 and 1998 she was an assistant professor at the University of Bamberg. She received her Ph.D. thesis with a work on complex syntax in Seychelles Creole (Michaelis 1994), and she also worked on tense and aspect in Seychelles Creole, challenging Derek Bickerton's language bioprogram hypothesis. In more recent work, she has focused on the role of substrate languages in creole genesis (e.g. Michaelis 2008), and on asymmetric coding in creole languages (e.g. Michaelis 2019).
Michaelis is best known for coordinating and coediting the Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures (2013).
Books
1993. Temps et aspect an créole seychellois: valeurs et interférences [Kreolische Bibliothek 11]. Hamburg: Buske.
1994. Komplexe Syntax im Seychellen-Kreol: Verknüpfung von Sachverhaltsdarstellungen zwischen Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit [ScriptOralia 49]. Tübingen: Narr.
1996. [Susanne Michaelis & Doris Tophinke] (eds.). Texte – Konstitution, Verarbeitung, Typik. München: Lincom.
1996. [Susanne Michaelis & Petra Thiele] (eds.). Grammatikalisierung in der Romania. Beiträge zur Teilsektion 1b des XXIV. Romanistentages in Münster, 25.-28.9.1995. Bochum: Brockmeyer.
2008. [Susanne Michaelis, ed.] Roots of creole structures: Weighing the contributions of substrates and superstrates [Creole Language Library 33]. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins.
2008. John A. Holm & Susanne Michaelis (eds.). Contact Languages: Critical concepts in linguistics, 5 volumes. London/New York: Routledge.
2013. [Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Maurer, Philippe, Haspelmath, Martin & Huber, Magnus] (eds.). 2013a. The Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2013. [Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Maurer, Philippe, Haspelmath, Martin & Huber, Magnus] (eds.). 2013b. The Survey of Pidgin and Creole Languages, Volumes 1-3. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2013. [Michaelis, Susanne Maria & Maurer, Philippe & Haspelmath, Martin & Huber, Magnus] (Eds.). 2013c. The Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
2019. Support from creole languages for functional adaptation in grammar: Dependent and independent possessive person-forms. In Schmidtke-Bode, Karsten & Levshina, Natalia & Michaelis, Susanne Maria & Seržant, Ilja A. (eds.), Explanation in typology, 179–201. Berlin: Language Science Press. (http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/220)
External links
personal page
Living people
1962 births
People from Aachen
Linguists from Germany
Women linguists
Linguists of pidgins and creoles
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
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41030739
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippurites%20cornuvaccinum
|
Hippurites cornuvaccinum
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Hippurites cornuvaccinum is a fossil saltwater clam, an extinct marine bivalve mollusk in the family Hippuritidae. These fossils occur in the Late Cretaceous deposits of southern Europe.
References
Global Names Index
Sepkoski's Online Genus Database
Zipcodezoo
Europeana
Henry Wood Palaeontology Invertebrate
Hippuritidae
Prehistoric bivalves
Cretaceous bivalves
Bivalves described in 1831
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41030769
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body%20Count%20%28book%29
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Body Count (book)
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Body Count: The Terrifying True Story of the Spokane Serial Killer is a non-fiction book released in December 2012 by Pinnacle Books and written by the crime writer Burl Barer about the American serial killer Robert Lee Yates from Spokane, Washington. It was first published in 2002, and then updated and re-released 10 years later.
Storyline
Robert Lee Yates, Jr. was the father of five, an Air National Guard pilot who served in Desert Storm, and someone no one suspected as a killer. But at night, he prowled the streets where prostitutes gathered. The book follows the four-year investigation, describing it as a "process of elimination" to solve it. The book covers how Yates was finally caught and the effect Yates's double life had on his family.
After a trial in 2002, Yates was convicted of killing two women and sentenced to death. In 2000, he pleaded guilty to 13 other murders and was given a sentence of 408 years.
The author appeared in 2010 on BlogTalkRadio's "True Murder" show to talk about the book and the lengthy investigation, telling radio host Dan Zupansky that he gained access to the law enforcement task force that gave him a behind-the-scenes look to the investigation."
Barer had a personal connection to the killer, as Yates's first victims were friends of the author's family in Walla Walla, Washington.
References
External links
Publisher's Body Count page
MurderExpress.net Body Count page
2012 non-fiction books
American biographies
Non-fiction books about serial killers
American non-fiction books
Books about Washington (state)
2002 non-fiction books
Pinnacle Books books
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41030806
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrosteles
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Macrosteles
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Macrosteles is a leafhopper genus in the tribe Macrostelini with more than 80 species, most in the northern hemisphere. Some species are known to migrate.
Species
Macrosteles alpinus (Zetterstedt, 1828)
Macrosteles bimaculatus
Macrosteles binotata
Macrosteles borealis
Macrosteles chobauti Ribaut, 1952
Macrosteles cristatus (Ribaut, 1927)
Macrosteles empetri (Ossiannilsson, 1935)
Macrosteles fascifrons - the aster leafhopper
Macrosteles guttatus
Macrosteles horvathi
Macrosteles laevis (Ribaut, 1927)
Macrosteles latiaedeagus
Macrosteles lepidus
Macrosteles oshanini Razvyazkina, 1957
Macrosteles parvidens
Macrosteles quadrilineatus - the aster leafhopper
Macrosteles slossonae
Macrosteles tibetensis
Macrosteles variatus
many others.
References
External links
Macrosteles at bugguide.net
Cicadellidae genera
Macrostelini
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41030810
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella%20nagasakiensis
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Legionella nagasakiensis
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Legionella nagasakiensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from a sample of hot spring water in Aomori in Japan and from human lung tissue. It is catalase-positive and rod-shaped, with a single polar flagellum.
References
External links
Type strain of Legionella nagasakiensis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Legionellales
Bacteria described in 2012
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41030813
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzorak%2C%20Syunik
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Dzorak, Syunik
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Dzorak () is an abandoned village in the Goris Municipality of Syunik Province, Armenia. It is listed as unpopulated at the 2011 census.
References
Former populated places in Syunik Province
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41030821
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicology%20in%20Vitro
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Toxicology in Vitro
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Toxicology in Vitro is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering in vitro toxicology. It is published semi-quarterly by Elsevier and an official journal of the European Society of Toxicology in Vitro and affiliated with the American Association for Cellular and Computational Toxicology. The editors-in-chief are Daniel Acosta (University of Cincinnati), Frank A. Barile (St. John's University), and Bas J. Blaauboer (Utrecht University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 2.903, ranking it 29th out of 87 journals in the category "Toxicology".
References
External links
Toxicology journals
Elsevier academic journals
Academic journals established in 1987
English-language journals
Bimonthly journals
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41030824
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Und%20Jimmy%20ging%20zum%20Regenbogen
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Und Jimmy ging zum Regenbogen
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Und Jimmy ging zum Regenbogen (English: And Jimmy Went to the Rainbow's Foot ) is a movie by Alfred Vohrer based on the novel The Caesar Code by Johannes Mario Simmel. It was filmed in Vienna and Munich in autumn 1970 and released in March 1971.
Plot
1969. In a Vienna bookshop the Argentine chemist Rafaelo Aranda is poisoned by the bookseller Valerie Steinfeld. The bookseller commits suicide immediately afterwards. It seems the bookseller has never met him before. The chemist's son, Manuel Aranda, wants to find out the background of this murder. He finds out that his father has developed chemical weapons of mass destruction and offered to sell them to the United States, the Soviet Union and France. The Secret Services of these countries try to prevent Aranda from publishing these facts. Aranda survives a first sniper attack without even noticing it.
Manuel Aranda learns that Valerie Steinfeld was involved in a risky paternity trial during the Third Reich. Her half-Jewish son was to be protected from the Nazis. Valerie Steinfeld had persuaded a friend to claim he was her son's father. The friend had no Jewish background and was a registered member of the Nazi Party. Slowly the suspicion arises that Steinfeld and Rafaelo Aranda might have had to do with each other at this time.
With the help of Irene Waldegg, the niece of Valerie Steinfeld, Manuel Aranda finds out about the Nazi past of his father. But Valerie Steinfeld also had her personal secret. Not even Irene Waldegg had known that she also was a part of Valerie Steinfeld's past.
Cast
Alain Noury - Manuel Aranda
Horst Tappert - Lawyer Forster
Ruth Leuwerik - Valerie Steinfeld
Konrad Georg - Martin Landau
Horst Frank - Flemming
Judy Winter - Nora Hill
Doris Kunstmann - Irene Waldegg
Heinz Moog - Hofrat Groll
Eva Zilcher - Tilly Landau
Heinz Baumann - Grant
Herbert Fleischmann - Mercier
Peter Pasetti - Santarin
Friedrich G. Beckhaus - Dr. Gloggnigg
Paul Edwin Roth - Direktor Friedjung
Klaus Schwarzkopf - Sirius
Jochen Brockmann - Dr. Stein
Bruno Dallansky - Schäfer
Karl Walter Diess - Carlsson
Franz Elkins - Heinz Steinfeld
Anita Buchegger
Paul Glawion
Mascha Gonska - Bianca
Michael Janisch - Clairon
Egon von Jordan
Walter Regelsberger
Robert Werner
Herbert Kersten
Elisabeth Stiepl
Walter Varndal
Ludwig Hirsch - bell boy
Literature
Johannes Mario Simmel: The Caesar Code. Time Warner Publishing M/M (1986)
External links
Und Jimmy ging zum Regenbogen at filmportal.de/en
References
1971 films
1970s spy drama films
1970s German-language films
German spy drama films
West German films
Films based on Austrian novels
Films set in Vienna
Films directed by Alfred Vohrer
1971 drama films
1970s German films
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41030828
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Watts%20Charities
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Richard Watts Charities
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Richard Watts Charities incorporate Richard Watts Charity set up in the will of Richard Watts in 1579, as well as several other charities in Rochester, Medway. The will originally provided for an almshouse in Rochester High Street: The Poor Travellers House; over time, the money later provided for almshouses in Maidstone Road, along with other accommodation in Rochester, totalling 66 self-contained flats. Other charities absorbed by the Richard Watts Charity include St Catherine's Hospital founded under the Charity of Symond Potyn in 1315.
Early history
The original charity created the post of "provider" to run the charity. The provider was appointed by, and reported annually to, the mayor. His role encompassed supervision of the house, collection of rents and provision of materials to the poor. Provision was also made for housekeeper to "be resyant [resident] there ... clean make the Bedds wash the linen ... and look well to the furniture." Both posts could be held by one or several persons, and that of housekeeper specifically mentions 'he or she or they'. A further agreement between the mayor, bishop, bridge wardens and aldermen in 1615 provided for "..poore children ... who would otherwise lyve in Idleness and be fitt for noe use..."
On this basis the charity continued uneventfully until 1671. The original will had used the terms 'Parish of St. Nicholas' and 'City of Rochester' fairly interchangeably, however the indenture consistently refers to the city. The problem arose because the city at that time included three parishes: St. Nicholas', Rochester (the area of the medieval walled town, based on the Roman town walls); St Margaret's Without (the area outside the city walls stretching southwards) and St. Nicholas', Strood (the other side of the river). In the early part of 1671 the parish of St. Margaret requested that the outdoor relief should include their people. The charity refused the application so the following year St. Margaret's and Strood jointly applied to the Court of Chancery for a ruling which was decided in their favour. The parish of Strood utilised some of the money to provide a workhouse for the poor, see the inscription alongside.
In 1693, there were allegations of misemployment of the revenues. A new agreement was drawn up whereby the Mayor's role was replaced by the 'Committee for Charitable Uses'. It was to consist of nine members selected annually by the Grand Jury of the Court Leet. It was to meet at least four times a year and to examine the Provider's accounts. The arrangement lasted until 1836.
In 1808 the parish of Chatham followed the lead of St. Margaret's and Strood in filing a bill in Chancery for funding. It was not until 1833 that the matter was settled and Chatham received some help from the charity. The funds for poor relief were now split into 32 parts: St. Nicholas' parish received 20 parts, St. Margaret's 6, Strood 4 and Chatham 2.
Watts' original will had provided that leases on the lands and property he left were to be for a term no more than 21 years. While this was reasonable with sixteenth century artisan buildings and farms, it was not suitable for nineteenth century brick and stone developments. Indeed, on at least one occasion there was no response to an invitation to tender for four houses on land owned by the charity. Eventually the trustees had to apply to the Court of Chancery for permission to extend leases to 99 years, which permission was given.
The 1832 Royal Commission into the Operation of the Poor Laws rethought the whole problem of relief for the poor. As well as establishing a national system of poor relief it also led to charities coming under consideration. The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 replaced the mayor and citizens of Rochester and the oversight of the charity passed to the municipal trustees appointed by the Courts of Chancery.
1853 onwards
The Charitable Trusts Act 1853 brought a large number of independent trusts and charities under the supervision of the newly created Charity Commissioners. Watts' Charity was no exception. A new scheme was devised for the running of the charity. The charity was run buy municipal trustees who appointed a clerk and receiver. They also appointed a master and matron to manage the poor travellers house. £4,000 was used to build a new set of almshouses for 20 people in Maidstone Road. £100 was set aside to provide an apprenticeship premium for children who had distinguished themselves at school. £2,000 was spent on the building of the Watts Public Baths with £200 per annum for maintenance. In 1935 they passed into the hands of the Corporation of Rochester though the annual grant towards costs continued for a further 20 years.
£4,000 was granted to the trustees of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Rochester to enable them to build a "Hospital and Dispensary for the relief of the Sick poor". The charity was also to pay £1,000 (later raised to £1,500) per annum to the hospital and gained the right to nominate as patients up to 20 people at any one time. These donations were maintained until 1948 until the hospital came under the control of the National Health Service.
In 1886 there was a further scheme extending the work of the charity. 11 outpensions of 7/- (35p) per week were established and two exhibitions of £100 made available annually, one each to Sir Joseph Williamson's Mathematical School and Rochester Grammar School for Girls. There were five exhibitions for pupil teachers, each of £6/5/0 annually for three years. The Watts Nursing Service was established with two full-time nurses (one midwife, one district) and six occasional nurses.
The 1934 supplementary scheme increased certain payments and handed the baths over to the council.
Post War
The 1942 Beveridge Report led to the establishment of the modern British Welfare State. The previous, limited, National Insurance Act 1911 was extended to most workers by the National Insurance Act 1946. The National Health Service Act 1946 introduced universal health care and the National Assistance Act provided a safety net replacing the old Poor Laws. The upshot was that by 1950 much of the charity's former purpose had been taken over by the state.
A review of operations led to the scheme of 1954. Some money was available to help travellers in need of financial assistance and some for "amenities or samaritan funds" at hospitals within the city. Some money was available for apprenticeships, for books, tools, fees and examinations. Power was obtained for discretionary grants to relieve hardship or distress, either directly or via other institutions.
By 1976 sufficient funds were available to extend the almshouses. In 1977 yet another scheme came into operation. Several charities, some of which were already administered by the trustees of Richard Watts Charity were amalgamated under the title: "Richard Watts and the City of Rochester Almshouse Charities":
Richard Watts General
Hayward's Almshouses
The Chatham Intra Charity of Richard Watts
St. Catherine's Hospital Charities
Six Poor Travellers House
The Six Poor Travellers House is a 16th-century charity house in Rochester, Medway, founded by the local MP Richard Watts to provide free lodgings for poor travellers. Watts left money in his will for the benefit of six poor travellers, each of whom, according to a plaque on the outside of the building, would be given lodging and "entertainment" for one night before being sent on his way with fourpence.
The house was the inspiration for Charles Dickens' short story "The Seven Poor Travellers" (with Dickens himself, as narrator, being the seventh traveller). Watts' benevolence and the Dickens story are remembered during Rochester's fancy dress Dickensian Christmas Festival, when a turkey is cooked and ceremonially distributed to "the poor" at the house.
The house features restored small Elizabethan period bedrooms, along with a herb garden in the rear, and is open to the public from March through October.
The small almshouse now known as the Six Poor Travellers existed before Watts left it money in his will. His will refers to "the almshouse already erected and standing", desiring it to be "reedified" [rebuilt] as well as extended with rooms for the travellers. The work had been completed before the signing of the Indenture Quadripartite in 1593, probably around the time of the remarriage of Marian in 1586.
Whilst the exclusion of rogues seems obvious, that of proctors has led to local controversy. In 1772 Denne claimed that Watts used a proctor to write an early draft of his will, and the proctor perverted Watts' wishes for his own ends. Later authors claim that the proctors in question were beggars on behalf of lepers. A statute of Edward VI provided for lepers and bedridden people to appoint proctors to beg on their behalf. There had been a leper hospital a short distance away since 1315 (see below). W Gibson Ward describes them as "... mendicants who swarmed ... under the pretence of collecting Alms for the support of Leper houses...". The English Heritage listing entry includes "...or proctors (ie lawyers)" but does not elaborate further.
In 1615 the charity admitted poor children to the house. There were to be up to ten "men children" who could remain until aged 18 and six "women children" who could remain until 16. There was provision also for the children to be apprenticed to "some honest citizen, or tradesman, or husbandman".
Vouchers from this period show the Mayor requesting "Mr. Provider" to assist those "ver ill" or "poor and impotent". Occasionally the definition of traveller was stretched somewhat as in 1703 when the Mayor requested "relieve these 127 prisoners with fourpence each". It appears that the travellers presented themselves to the Mayor, or a deputy, who would then issue a chit for the Provider.
The trustees kept the house in good repair and in 1845 added a sitting room for the use of the travellers in the evening. In 1855 the supper provided for each traveller "every evening at 7 o'clock" was of meat, or bread and of coffee. In the morning a further pint of coffee was served and the traveller sent off with fourpence.
After 1880 when Watts Public Baths were available the selection of inmates was performed at the baths, which the travellers were obliged to attend. In 1923 bathrooms were added to the house, however in 1935 the council (who had taken over the public baths) were still allocating facilities for the Inspector of Poor Travellers to make his selection there. Electric light was installed in 1935 with electric radiators in the bedrooms the following year and in the dining room by 1937.
The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act 1939 prohibited casual wayfarers in Protected Areas such as Rochester. Following notice from the Chief Constable the house finally closed its doors to travellers on 20 July 1940 after 354 years of continuous service.
The building was converted in 1948 to provide two flats for two elderly couples, the ground floor being retained as a museum. In 1977 the building was surveyed and repaired. The building was returned to its former state with the ground floor and travellers' rooms as a museum with a residence above.
In 1950 the building was listed as grade I, number 1086479. The 1858 structure is still the original timber-framed building but with the 1771 Portland stone facing. Originally there was one room per floor, but the 1604 rebuild (the "reedified" mentioned above) included the rear stair turret and probably the dividing of the rooms. The remarkable (according to the listing) survival is the extension for the poor traveller's rooms. Modelled on a contemporary coaching inn it has three rooms opening onto the courtyard and three opening onto an unglazed gallery above. Below the handrail the gallery is filled in with lath and plaster, the whole supported on four large chamfered uprights to provide a dry walkway below. The rooms each have a door, window chamfered ceiling beams and a brick fireplace. There is a cellar (not currently open to the public) which contains a "rubble wall that may be early".
The house was the inspiration for Charles Dickens's short story, "The Seven Poor Travellers". Watts's benevolence and the Dickens story are remembered during Rochester's fancy dress Dickensian Christmas Festival, when a turkey is cooked and ceremoniously distributed to 'the poor' (that is, anyone passing by at the time) at the house.
Henry Lucy described a visit to the house in "Christmas Eve at Watts's" in Faces and Places and throws an interesting light on Dickens' story through the words of the house-keeper.
There is also a very detailed account of "Richard Watts's Charity, Rochester" in Chapter VI of A Week's Tramp in Dickens-Land, by William R. Hughes.
Watts Almshouses
In 1857 the trustees purchased a site in Maidstone Road, Rochester for £1,412 10s 0d on which to build new almshouses. The site had been a former Hospital which had been used in turn as a pest house, prison for prisoners of war and lately let for private dwellings. The trustees had been empowered under the 1855 scheme to spend up to £4,000 building the almshouses, but the 1857 plans could not be built for that amount. Tenders were invited and one of £3,449 from Charles Foord accepted, but with alterations the final cost was £4,510.
The building is of red and yellow brick with limestone dressings. The central block in contrast is in rustic rubble ragstone. This central block houses the main entrance, with attached common room and kitchen, and above the Trustees' boardroom. The board room has a robust hammer-beam roof and notable internal brickwork described by English Heritage as "the brickwork and fine pointing of very high quality". To one side were the men's apartments, to the other the women's. The apartments were built along a gallery and each one contained a sitting room, bedroom and scullery.
All the inhabitants were evacuated during World War II to Eylesden, a Georgian house in Sutton Valence. At the almshouses the ARP (Air Raid Precautions) shelters were made available to the public and two gun emplacements installed. Prior to the inmates' return in 1946 the almshouses were repaired and electricity installed.
In 1970 the almshouses were assigned a grade II listing, English Heritage number 1086457.
In 1976 additional new almshouses were built on the Fort Clarance site which was part of the original 1857 purchase. Ten dwellings, a Warden's house, laundry and guest room were built for a tender of £127,593.
Watts' Nursing Service
The scheme of 1855 set up a nursing service to provide maternity care and to care for the afflicted poor of the parish. Any of the inmates of the Almshouses were able to call on their services in time of sickness. Care was free. A Head Nurse supervised the service, relying on nurses to provide the actual care. The Head Nurse periodically attended on all those in the care of nurses to check on the standard of work. She also had to visit all inmates of the almshouses once a week, ensure adequate fire precautions and prepare the boardroom for meetings.
Things did not always go smoothly. Thomas Aveling complained in January 1871 about "the reported inefficiency of the Nurses ... more than twelve months since", which is interesting because as mayor 1869–70 he had a level of supervision of the charity. On 2 June 1871 he was appointed to be a trustee at around the same time he left the council.
During the 1930s home-helps were employed by the charity to assist new mothers for up to 21 days after the birth. They were expected to attend from 8 am to 8 pm and to cook, supervise older children (getting them to school and afterwards to bed) and wash the children's clothes. Washing the patient and making the bed were, however, the prerogative of the nurse. Although the scheme seemed to work well, it was too expensive for the charity and the home-helps were discontinued after 1938.
The scheme was not without problems. In 1941 the Royal College of Nursing expressed concern to the trustees for "advertising for a SRN [State Registered Nurse] for district work at a salary of £130 p.a.". Eventually an increase of £50 p.a. was agreed for each nurse. In 1945 the Nurses' Salaries Commission reported and the Ministry of Health established norms for the profession. Thereafter the rates agreed by the Whitley Council were paid.
The coming of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1946 brought a dramatic change to the charity. The county council had the task of organising a free home nursing service for all persons who needed it. Local organisations could participate, they would need to fund 25% of the cost, the county providing the remaining 75%. The charity's nursing service was incorporated on this basis into the NHS with the county funding £2,000 and the charity £1,500. The Charity Commissioners were not happy with a charity becoming permanently involved in the NHS and only permitted the arrangement to run until December 1950. The nursing service continued to provide a reduced independent service until all patients were transferred to the NHS on 31 March 1958. The Nursing Branch of the charity then ceased to exist.
Watts Public Baths
The 1855 scheme empowered the trustees to erect public baths and wash-houses. There was a site by the river which had been occupied by the baths of the Castle Club. The trustees duly obtained it and built new baths, opening in 1880. Both private baths and swimming baths were provided. The swimming baths were used by schools and between 1882 and 1925 some three and a half thousand children had learnt to swim there. The baths were never run profitably, a yearly grant of £200 from the charity being required. Finally in 1935 the baths were handed over to Rochester Corporation, though the annual grant remained for a further 15 years.
Apprenticeships and educational work
The 1615 scheme provided for care of poor children. The Poor Relief Act 1601 had made it the duty of Overseers of the Poor to find apprenticeships for pauper orphans and the almshouse followed this lead. Evidence in the records of the 17th and 18th century showed this practice continued, but by the early 19th century all references to children had ceased.
The 1855 scheme set aside £100 per year for providing apprenticeship premiums. Applications were invited each year from prospective apprentices who were interviewed (as were the prospective masters) and a selection made. The apprenticeships were from four to seven years. Between 1856 and 1925, 1,265 apprenticeships were funded. However, the numbers fell from 41 in 1927 to 5 in 1939. Tools, travelling and clothes were also sometimes provided. Economic changes after the war reduced the number of apprentice premiums required and by 1958 no further apprenticeships were given.
At the start of the nineteenth century, virtually all schooling was provided by the Public Schools. As the century wore on, more provision was made for the schooling of all children by the establishment of various state and church primary schools. By 1883 primary education was mandatory and free. Secondary education lagged behind. Pupils were either fee-paying or had to obtain scholarships. It was against this background that the Watts' Charity Education Foundation was established at a committee meeting in October 1894.
£100 was made available annually for ten boys age twelve and over to attend the Sir Joseph Williamson's Mathematical School. Another £100 was provided for eight girls to attend the Rochester Grammar School for Girls. A further £100 was provided in total for eight boys and eight girls who were pupil teachers. Initially the exhibitions were tenable for two years, but the trustees could extend them for a further year. The age for pupil teachers was raised in line with the Education Department's requirements to 15 years in 1899. At the same time, the ages for the other grants was raised to between 13 and 16 years.
The pupil teacher system was closed down by the Education Act 1902 and the money allocated for it was allowed to accumulate to be used for other educational purposes. In 1922, some of the money was used to fund special scholarships at the two schools which had been started by the schools themselves in 1917. In 1930, three-year scholarships were provided for pupils at the Rochester Junior Technical School (three boys) and Fort Pitt Junior Technical School for Girls (three girls). The trustees had discretion in awarding grants. Where all exhibitions were filled, it was possible for the trustees to fund a child as a fee-paying pupil at the charity's expense.
The 1944 Education Act made many previously fee-paying schools into free state schools. Both of the Rochester grammar schools followed this route and as a consequence the exhibitions ceased. The trustees were able under the 1947 Act to resume payments of £100 per annum to each school to be used for the encouragement of Music, Drama and the Arts, though the detailed application now lay with the school governors, not the trustees. The charity has made a number of grants to assist pupils at the King's School, Rochester, an independent school founded in 604 to provide choristers for the cathedral, though now with a much wider pupilship. Grants have also been made to enable Mathematics School boys and Grammar School girls to sail with the Sail Training Association (now called the Tall Ships Youth Trust). Grants have also been made to the Scouts.
St. Catherine's Hospital
In 1315, Symond Potyn founded a leper hospital near Rochester called St. Catherine's Hospital. The original building was at the foot of Star hill. In 1805, the hospital moved to new premises at the top of Star Hill, where it remains. In 1974, a proposal was made to amalgamate it with the Richard Watts Charity. Amalgamation duly occurred on 11 August 1975, thus ending 660 years of independent existence.
The existence of a leper hospital in the area may have been the reason for banning proctors from the Six Poor Travellers house. Proctors begged on behalf of the lepers and were regarded both as a nuisance and a health risk.
References
Footnotes
Citations
Bibliography
Note: limited edition of 200 copies, a copy is available from Medway libraries.
Quoted by Hinkley.
External links
RichardWatts.org.uk
Six Poor Travellers House
Charities based in Kent
Watts, Richard, Charities
Rochester, Kent
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41030835
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1836%20in%20Spain
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1836 in Spain
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Events from the year 1836 in Spain.
Incumbents
Monarch: Isabella II
Regent: Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
Prime Minister -
until 15 May - Juan Álvarez Mendizábal
15 May-14 August - Francisco Javier Isturiz y Montero
starting 14 August - José María Calatrava y Peinado
Events
January 16–18 - Battle of Arlabán
April 26 - Battle of Terapegui
September 20 - Battle of Villarrobledo
November 23 - Battle of Majaceite
December 24 - Battle of Luchana
Births
Writer: Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer
Deaths
See also
First Carlist War
1830s in Spain
Years of the 19th century in Spain
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41030845
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodymyr%20Ponomarenko
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Volodymyr Ponomarenko
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Volodymyr Ponomarenko (; born 29 October 1972 in Mykolaiv, in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union - in present-day Ukraine) is a former Ukrainian football midfielder, and currently the coach of MFC Mykolaiv-2 in the Ukrainian Second League.
Ponomarenko is the product of Mykolaiv's youth sportive school system. His first trainer was Viktor Shekhovtsev.
On 3 November 2013 he became the interim coach of MFC Mykolaiv in the Ukrainian First League. From 11 March 2014 he continues as assistant coach in the same club.
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
Ukrainian men's footballers
Soviet men's footballers
Ukrainian football managers
FC Artania Ochakiv players
FC Kryvbas-2 Kryvyi Rih players
MFC Mykolaiv players
FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih players
FC Metalurh Donetsk players
FC Metalurh-2 Donetsk players
SC Tavriya Simferopol players
MFC Mykolaiv managers
Footballers from Mykolaiv
Men's association football midfielders
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41030850
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1837%20in%20Spain
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1837 in Spain
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Events from the year 1837 in the Kingdom of Spain.
Incumbents
Monarch: Isabella II
Regent: Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
Prime Minister -
until 18 August - José María Calatrava y Peinado
18 August-18 October - Baldomero Espartero, Prince of Vergara
18 October-16 December - Eusebio Bardají y Azara
starting 16 December - Narciso Fernández de Heredia, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola
Events
March 16 - Battle of Oriamendi
March 24 - Battle of Huesca
August 24 - Battle of Villar de los Navarros
September - Battle of Aranzueque
Births
Date unknown
Miguel Villalba Hervás (1837–1899), politician, lawyer, journalist and historian
Deaths
July 27 - Pablo Morillo
Pedro Sarsfield
See also
First Carlist War
1830s in Spain
Years of the 19th century in Spain
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41030856
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1838%20in%20Spain
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1838 in Spain
|
Events from the year 1838 in Spain.
Incumbents
Monarch: Isabella II
Regent: Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
Prime Minister:
until 6 September: Narciso Fernández de Heredia, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola
6 September-9 December: Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 14th Duke of Frías
starting 9 December: Isidro de Alaix Fábregas (acting)
Events
June 20–22 - Battle of Peñacerrada
October 1 - Battle of Maella
Births
April 10 - Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso
Deaths
September 1 - Gabriel de Mendizábal Iraeta
Francisco Javier Venegas
See also
First Carlist War
1830s in Spain
Years of the 19th century in Spain
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41030870
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20Keio%20Challenger%20%E2%80%93%20Singles
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2013 Keio Challenger – Singles
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Matteo Viola was the defending champion but chose not to compete.
Matthew Ebden won his third Challenger of the year over Japan's Go Soeda.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
References
Main Draw
Qualifying Draw
Keio Challenger - Singles
2013 Singles
2013 Keio Challenger
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41030874
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839%20in%20Spain
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1839 in Spain
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Events from the year 1839 in Spain.
Incumbents
Monarch: Isabella II
Regent: Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
Prime Minister: Isidro de Alaix Fábregas (until 3 February), Evaristo Pérez de Castro y Brito (starting 3 February)
Events
May 12 - Battle of Ramales
November 10 - The first known photograph taken in Spain is taken at the Pla de Palau, Barcelona
Births
February 18 – Pascual Cervera y Topete, Spanish admiral (d. 1909)
September 7 – Patricio Montojo y Pasarón, Spanish admiral (d. 1917)
Deaths
Carlos de España
See also
First Carlist War
1830s in Spain
Years of the 19th century in Spain
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41030883
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B8ve
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Løve
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Løve (Danish, 'Lion') is a surname derived from "Lion".
See also
Löve (disambiguation)
Love (disambiguation)
Norske Løve (disambiguation)
Den Røde Løve (Danish ship)
Mia Hansen-Løve (born 1981), French film director and screenwriter
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41030895
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20University%20of%20the%20Philippines%20Manila%20Chorale
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The University of the Philippines Manila Chorale
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The UP Manila Chorale is the multi-awarded official performing group for choral music of the University of the Philippines Manila. Established in July 1992 by a few BA Behavioral Sciences students, the group aims to embody and represent the University locally and internationally through the art of choral music, serving as ambassadors of cultural goodwill by being the “voice of UP Manila to the world”. Presently, the group is led by their musical director, Emmanuel "Eman" P. de Leon Jr.
Through the years, the group has been performing a wide repertoire: sacred, secular, spiritual, folk, jazz, pop and our very own Filipino music. The UPMC has been able to mold its members coming from non-musical disciplines into well-rounded and versatile singers. In the recent years the UPMC has performed major works and various compositions by Franz Biebl, Morten Lauridsen, Moses Hogan, Z. Randall Stroope, C. V. Stanford, Edward Elgar, Karol Szymanowski, and many more. As an advocate of Filipino choral music, the UPMC has in their repertoire the music of Eudenice "Eudy" Palaruan, Nilo Alcala, John August Pamintuan, and Josefino "Chino" Toledo
The UPMC has an established record of successful concerts and projects; these include major concerts, benefit concerts, local and international choral competitions, local and international choral festivals, nine international concert tours, and performances for heads of state and dignitaries. The group is regularly invited to choral competitions, and it has garnered several awards locally and internationally. As of August 2016, the UP Manila Chorale ranks number 44 in the Musica Mundi/ INTERKULTUR World Ranking List - Top 50 Mixed Choirs and number 31 in the Musica Mundi/ INTERKULTUR World Ranking List - Top 50 Pop/ Jazz/ Gospel/ Spiritual/ Barbershop Choirs. Meanwhile, the group ranks number 202 in the Musica Mundi/ INTERKULTUR World Ranking List – Top 1000 Choirs.
In June 2015, the UPMC travelled and performed in nine European countries and was awarded in two of the most prestigious and longest running choral competitions in Spain. The group was declared 3rd prize winner in the mixed category and second prize winner in the folk category in the 33° Festival Internacional de Musica de Cantonigros in Vic, Spain, and 1st prize winner in the polyphony category of the 61st International Habaneras and Polyphony Contest of Torrevieja, Spain. This year, the UPMC partnered with Habitat for Humanity Philippines as their beneficiary in their goal of rebuilding homes affected by the 2013 Bohol earthquake.
In February 2016, the group was awarded the Ani ng Dangal (Harvest of Honors) given by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts in recognition of their achievements from the aforementioned choral competitions during their 8th European Tour.
Conductor
Eman earned his Diploma for Creative and Performing Musical Arts (DCPMA) and Bachelor of Music (BM) degree, major in Music Education, from the University of the Philippines College of Music. As a musician, he has established himself as a chorister, conductor, arranger, and teacher, lending his talents by playing these roles to different choirs, organizations, and events. He has composed and arranged pieces for various choral competitions, orchestral performances, television, and stage productions.
Prior to UPMC, Eman served as the former Assistant Conductor of the University of the Philippines Concert Chorus from 2007-2012. In 2012, he conducted and led the group in winning several international recognitions in different competitions in Europe.
Currently, Eman holds a master's degree in Music (MM), major in Choral Conducting, also hailing from the UP College of Music. He is a faculty of the Conducting Department in the UP College of Music Extension Program. He also sings Bass-Baritone with the Philippine Madrigal Singers.
Awards and competitions
External links
UPMC's Official Website
UPMC's Official facebook page
UPMC's Official twitter page
UPMC's Official Youtube page
References
University of the Philippines
Musical groups from Metro Manila
Musical groups established in 1992
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41030898
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schindh%C3%BCbel
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Schindhübel
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The Schindhübel is a hill, , that rises in the middle of the Palatine Forest in Germany, 5 kilometres southwest of Elmstein.
Geography
It is part of the central massif of this mountain range and also lies on the Palatine Watershed. This massif stretches roughly from Hochspeyer via Johanniskreuz to the B 10 federal highway near Hauenstein. The region between Johanniskreuz and Hermersbergerhof is rather like a high plateau that is bounded by deeply incised valleys.
From the Eschkopf hill, the ridge runs northwest over the Schindhübel to the Bloskülb () near the Elmstein village of Iggelbach. This ridge separates the upper tributaries of Speyerbach and Helmbach.
Viewing tower
On top of the Schindhübel is a 17-metre-high observation tower, which was built in 1975 by an engineer unit from Speyer. From here there are views of the eastern Palatine Forest as far as the Haardt, as well as the striking mountain mass of the Donnersberg to the north and, in good visibility, the great Hornisgrinde mountain in the Northern Black Forest, 83 kilometres away to the south. To the west the view is limited by the nearby Eschkopf.
Two kilometres northwest, in the direction of the Bloskülb and Iggelbach, are the wall foundations of a forester's lodge which was allocated to the "Hunters from Electoral Palatinate" (Jäger aus Kurpfalz).
References
External links
Mountains and hills of Rhineland-Palatinate
Mountains and hills of the Palatinate Forest
Observation towers in Rhineland-Palatinate
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41030907
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directorate%20for%20Cooperation%20with%20the%20Diaspora%20and%20Serbs%20in%20the%20Region
|
Directorate for Cooperation with the Diaspora and Serbs in the Region
|
The Directorate for Cooperation with the Diaspora and Serbs in the Region () is a coordination body of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs within Government of Serbia. It was constituted on 2 August 2012. Except for the central office in Belgrade, there is also a local one in Niš.
Organization
The director is in charge of the Office, and is appointed by the Government of Serbia. The mandate of the director is 5 years.
The first director of the Directorate was Slavka Drašković.
Jurisdiction
The jurisdiction of the Directorate is established by its statute:
Monitoring of the status of Serbian citizens that live outside of Serbia;
Improvement of electoral rights of Serbian citizens in diaspora and assistance in preserving spiritual, cultural and national heritage of the Serbian people that live outside of Serbia;
Improvement of ties between of Serbian citizens and their organizations in diaspora and the Republic of Serbia;
Informing Serbian citizens and their organizations in diaspora about political actions of the Republic of Serbia;
Assistance involving refugees, people of Serbian origins and citizens of Serbia that live in diaspora in political, economic and cultural life of Republic of Serbia and their return to Serbia.
Goals
Realization of conservation strategy and strengthening the ties between diaspora and Serbia;
Assistance in activities of diaspora parliament;
Involving diaspora in process of investing in small and medium enterprises;
Intercession in the process of removing administrative barriers for involving diaspora in the Serbian economy;
Incitement of citizens of Serbia to get involved in the politics of the residing countries;
Preservation of Serbian language via opening of schools and other institutions in diaspora;
Making of convergent portal towards diaspora;
Improvement of cultural, economic and other forms of cooperation with the diaspora using human capital available in diaspora;
Presentation of the diaspora in Serbia and raising awareness of the importance of diaspora;
Enhancement and preservation reputation of Serbia in world, struggle against Anti-Serb sentiment.
References
External links
Official web page of the Office for cooperation with diaspora and Serbs in the region
Local office for cooperation with diaspora and Serbs in region in Niš
Official Facebook page of the Office for cooperation with diaspora and Serbs in the region
Official Twitter account of Office for cooperation with diaspora and Serbs in the region
Government agencies of Serbia
Serbian diaspora
Serb diaspora
Diaspora organizations
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41030914
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905%20Belfast%20North%20by-election
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1905 Belfast North by-election
|
The 1905 Belfast North by-election was held on 14 September 1905 when the incumbent Irish Unionist
MP, Sir James Horner Haslett died. It was retained by the Unionist candidate Sir Daniel Dixon.
External links
A Vision of Britain Through Time
References
1905 elections in the United Kingdom
North
20th century in Belfast
1905 elections in Ireland
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41030923
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy%20Zeli%C4%87
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Lucy Zelić
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Lucy Zelić (born 9 November 1986) is an Australian television presenter living in Sydney.
Career
Zelić was the host of Canberra radio station 2XX FM's football show "The Far Post". She later became a commentator for Canberra United F.C. W-League matches for the radio station, and was a guest-host on the Balls n' All football show on 106.3FM. Zelić hosted Football Federation Australia's official A-League podcast for the 2012–13 A-League season and is a former host of the nationally streamed football podcast Nearpost.
Zelić joined SBS in 2013, where she began as a sideline reporter for SBS's Friday night coverage of the A-League and sports television segment presenter for SBS World News Australia. In 2014, she also shared hosting responsibilities with David Zdrilic and hosted SBS's coverage of the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
She then started hosting the weekly football program The World Game.
Zelić hosted SBS's coverage of the 2018 World Cup along with Craig Foster.
In June 2021, it was announced that Zelić would leave SBS after an almost eight-year broadcasting career.
Personal life
Zelić was born to Croatian parents. She is the younger sister of former football players Ivan Zelic and Ned Zelić. She supports Liverpool and Borussia Dortmund. Zelić was a Miss Universe Australia finalist in 2007, and holds a bachelor's degree in Journalism and Sports Business from the University of Canberra. She has also been nominated in Cosmopolitan Australia's 2014 Fun, Fearless, Female television personality category, was a 2014 Logies 'newcomer' award nominee and a Peter Leonard Scholarship nominee in 2010.
On 7 November 2018, Zelić announced that she is expecting her first child with partner Corey Gameiro: a girl was born 23 April 2019 and named Mila Gameiro.
References
External links
Living people
Australian television presenters
Australian women television presenters
1986 births
Australian people of Croatian descent
Wives and girlfriends of association football players
University of Canberra alumni
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41030930
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20Cid
|
Antonio Cid
|
Antonio Cid Cortés (born 16 February 1954 in Ourense) is a boccia player from Spain. He has a physical disability: he has cerebral palsy and is a BC1 type athlete. He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the BC1/BC2 team event. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the BC1 one person event and in the BC1/BC2 team event. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.
Notes
References
External links
1954 births
Living people
Spanish boccia players
Paralympic boccia players for Spain
Paralympic gold medalists for Spain
Paralympic silver medalists for Spain
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Paralympic medalists in boccia
Boccia players at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Boccia players at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Boccia players at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Boccia players at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Ourense
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41030931
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro%20Cordero%20%28boccia%29
|
Pedro Cordero (boccia)
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Pedro Cordero Martín (born 28 January 1972) is a Spanish boccia player. He represented Spain at the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Paralympics, winning a bronze medal at both the 2004 and 2008 games in the BC1-BC2 boccia team event.
Personal
Cordero was born 28 January 1972 in Badalona, Province of Barcelona, and in 2012 was living in the nearby town of Olesa de Montserrat. He has cerebral palsy. Before he concentrated on boccia, he participated in athletics and cycling. , he was working as an office automation consultant, and is the athlete representative on the Catalan Sports Federation of Cerebral Palsy.
Boccia
Cordero is classed as a BC2 boccia competitor, a category for players with cerebral palsy who are able to throw the ball without assistance. His first major international medal came at the 2003 World Cup in New Zealand: he won bronze as an individual and silver as part of the Spain team. At the 2004 Paralympics, he reached the semifinal of the individual BC2 class, losing the bronze medal match to his Portuguese opponent, and as a member of the Spanish team, won a bronze medal in the team BC1-BC2 event.
He was a member of the Spain teams that won bronze at the 2005 European Championships and silver at the 2007 World Cup. From 2008, Cordero received funding under the Plan ADOP scheme designed to provide financial support for Paralympic competitors. At the 2008 Paralympics in Beijing, he was a member of Spain's BC1-BC2 team that again finished third, and reached the quarter final in his individual event.
He won team bronze at the 2009 European Championships and at the 2010 World Championships. At the Spanish Boccia Club Championship in Elche in June 2011, Cordero, representing the CE Llars club, won the BC2 individual competition. In August, he was a member of the eleven-strong Spain squad for the 2011 World Cup in August, an event that contributed ranking points towards qualification for the London Paralympic Games; he came ninth in his individual event.
Buildup to the 2012 Paralympics in London continued with a January 2012 training camp for 25 athletes and coaches, jointly organized by the Spanish Federation of Sportspeople with Cerebral Palsy (FEDPC) and the Spanish Sports Federation for Persons with Physical Disabilities (FEDDF). He was again victorious in the BC2 national championships in 2012, a title he had won several times previously. In his individual event at the London Games, Cordero lost 1–9 in the round of sixteen to Brazilian Maciel Sousa Santos, and in the team event, Spain failed to progress past the preliminaries.
Cordero had joined the Infinits Somriures club by the start of the 2013–14 season, when he and Manolo Martín were equal on points at the top of the Spanish national rankings in the BC2 classification. Both were members of the Spanish team at the European Championships contested in June 2013 in Guimaraes, Portugal. Martín won the bronze medal, Cordero was eliminated at the group stage.
References
External links
(1992, 2004, 2008)
(2012)
1972 births
Living people
Spanish boccia players
Paralympic boccia players for Spain
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Paralympic medalists in boccia
Boccia players at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Boccia players at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Boccia players at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Badalona
Plan ADOP alumni
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41030932
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Javier%20Curto%20Gines
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José Javier Curto Gines
|
José Javier Curto Gines (born 31 December 1964 in Madrid) is a boccia player from Spain. He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the one person BC2 boccia game.
References
External links
1964 births
Living people
Spanish boccia players
Paralympic boccia players for Spain
Paralympic gold medalists for Spain
Paralympic medalists in boccia
Boccia players at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Madrid
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41030933
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Ram%C3%ADrez%20de%20Arellano
|
Juan Ramírez de Arellano
|
Juan Ramírez de Arellano (1725–1782) was a Spanish Baroque painter.
Ramírez was a member of a family of artists from Aragon. He was the son of the sculptor Juan Ramírez Mejandre, and brother of sculptor José Ramírez de Arellano, who helped in the colors of some of his works for churches in Zaragoza. He first trained with José Luzán and later moved to Madrid with his countryman, Pablo Pernicharo. His works also show an influence of Corrado Giaquinto.
Among the few known works by his hand, include the Virgin and Child with St. Anne (National Museum of Romanticism and sketch in the Museo del Prado) which, despite being signed J. Ra z, was claimed in the past the young Francisco Goya. He also painted a portrait of the Charles III of Spain (Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando).
External links and references
Pérez Sánchez, A. E., "Juan Ramirez : a new name in the catalog of the Prado" Spanish Art Archive, Vol. XLII, No. 165, 1969, p. 55-57 .
Urrea Fernandez, J., "Some comments on Juan Ramirez de Arellano" Spanish Art Archive, Vol. XLIV, No. 175, 1971, p. 342-343 .
1725 births
1782 deaths
18th-century Spanish painters
18th-century Spanish male artists
Spanish male painters
Artists from Zaragoza
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41030939
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs%20Fraile%20Moreno
|
Jesús Fraile Moreno
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Jesús Fraile Moreno (born 8 June 1964 in Toledo) is a boccia player from Spain. He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the BC1/BC2 team event and he finished third in the BC2 one person event. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished third in the BC2 one person event. He finished second in the BC1/BC2 team event
References
External links
1964 births
Living people
Spanish boccia players
Paralympic boccia players for Spain
Paralympic gold medalists for Spain
Paralympic silver medalists for Spain
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Paralympic medalists in boccia
Boccia players at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Boccia players at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Toledo, Spain
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41030940
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro%20Gal%C3%A1n%20Floria
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Álvaro Galán Floria
|
Alvaro Galan Floria (born January 28, 1977, in Madrid) is a boccia player from Spain. He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He was on the BC1/BC2 team from Spain. His team finished second. In the first - second finish game, South Korea finished first by a score of 7–6.
References
Spanish boccia players
Living people
1977 births
Paralympic silver medalists for Spain
Boccia players at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Madrid
Paralympic boccia players for Spain
Paralympic medalists in boccia
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
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41030941
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel%20%C3%81ngel%20G%C3%B3mez%20Garro
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Miguel Ángel Gómez Garro
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Miguel Angel Gomez Garro (born February 24, 1961, in Guipúzcoa) is a boccia player from Spain. He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC1 type athlete. He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the BC1/BC2 team event.
References
Spanish boccia players
Living people
1961 births
Paralympic gold medalists for Spain
Boccia players at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Gipuzkoa
Paralympic boccia players for Spain
Paralympic medalists in boccia
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
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41030942
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolanda%20Mart%C3%ADn
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Yolanda Martín
|
Yolanda Martin Franco (born February 16, 1954, in Guipúzcoa) is a boccia player from Spain. She has cerebral palsy and is a BC3 type athlete. She works as an administrator. She competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. She finished second in the BC1 one person event. She competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. She finished second in the two person BC3 event. She competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. She competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. She finished second in the two person BC3 event.
References
1954 births
Living people
Spanish boccia players
Paralympic boccia players for Spain
Paralympic silver medalists for Spain
Paralympic medalists in boccia
Boccia players at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Boccia players at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Boccia players at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Boccia players at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from San Sebastián
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41030943
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree%20credits
|
Tree credits
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Tree credits is concept of community-based agroforestry whereby a tree planter or caretaker's climate services are rewarded. The system has been developed in response to the need for a simple way to get carbon credits to the individual planter with a minimum of overheads, and to simplify implementation and monitoring of such projects by using for-profit methods, much like microfinance.
Tree credit systems have been incorporated into stormwater management programs for development sites at local, state and national levels. Calculation methods vary, but all programs encourage the preservation of existing trees as well as planting of new trees at these sites as a method to reduce stormwater runoff. Many of these systems assess the benefit of individual trees, but additional interest is growing for ways to assess the benefits of cumulative tree cover over entire sites. These credit systems aim to quantify the services provided by trees to treat stormwater and preserve water quality, air quality, and carbon sequestration. The credits allow site designers to subtract area from total site area or impervious area when calculating water quality volume (WQv) and/or recharge volume (REv). Credits are not calculated consistently across these systems due to the fact that tree benefits can vary with size, species, climate, site etc. Two common types of credit are impervious surface reduction and volume reduction.
Impervious Surface Reduction Credit
Impervious surface reduction is the most common credit where sites are credited with an impervious surface area reduction per tree. These credits are determined by type of tree (evergreen, deciduous) with greater credit for evergreen trees and whether it is an existing or new tree (100-200 ft^2 for new trees or ½ of canopy area of existing trees). For a given site there is usually a maximum total tree credit awarded of 25% of the total impervious surface. To ensure there is a runoff reduction, there is often an eligibility requirement for trees within a specific distance of existing impervious surfaces (10-25 ft) to get credit. Other eligibility criteria might include tree species, size or design. These types of credits have been implemented over various municipalities across the U.S. (OR, CA, IN, WA, PA, TX) within the last 20 years.
Volume Reduction Credit
Another credit system involves trees credited for a runoff volume reduction based on retention value individual trees. In some areas, greater volume reduction credit is awarded for preserved trees over planted trees (20 ft^3 for preserved trees, 10 ft^3 for planted trees) while in other areas credits can instead be determined based on size with trees (10 gal/inch for trees under 12” DBH, 20 gal/inch for trees over 12” DBH) (for example, Washington DC, GA, VT). Additional factors that can affect the amount of credit awarded are soil volume and tree canopy to assess stormwater benefits.
History
Tree credits have been calculated as stormwater credits, and using a tree carbon calculator.
A tree credits system using cryptocurrency was developed by Ferdinand Swart.
Several community tree plantings were designed or influenced by tree credits methods (OARM, PSA, GPS). The Indian state of Karnataka introduced plans for tree credits in 2016.
See also
Market-based environmental policy instruments
References
Climate change and agriculture
Community-based forestry
Microfinance
Market-based environmental policy instruments
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41030944
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20%C3%81ngel%20Mart%C3%ADn
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Manuel Ángel Martín
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Manuel Ángel Martín Pérez (born January 30, 1980, in Pórtugos, Granada) is a Spanish boccia player who is also known as Manolo Martín. He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete.
Martín competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China, winning bronze medals in the Individual BC2 and Team BC1-BC2 events. He also competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, England.
At the 2009 European Championships in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal, he won a silver medal in individual competition and a bronze in the team event. The following year he won a bronze medal in team competition at the World Championships in Lisbon.
Boccia
Martín is a BC2 classified boccia player. Some of his boccia competition participation has been sponsored by Granada CF and by the sports foundation "Hazlo por todos". He is a member of the Amics de la Boccia club.
Lisbon hosted the World Championships in June 2010, and Martín picked up a bronze medal in the individual competition. Elche, Spain hosted the Spanish Boccia Club Championship in June 2011, with Martín participating in the event. He finished second in the individual BC2 event while representing ASPACE Granada, Andalucía.
The Boccia World Championships were held in August 2011, and he participated. The event was part of the ranking process to qualify for the London Paralympic Games. Around Christmas time in 2011, he injured himself and doctors had a hard time identifying the injury because of existing medical conditions. The injury made it difficult for him to compete. In January 2012, he participated in a boccia training camp organized by the Spanish Cerebral Palsy Federation of Sports (FEDPC) and the Spanish Sports Federation for Persons with Physical Disabilities (FEDDF) along with 24 other boccia players from around Spain held at CRE San Andrés. The camp was part of national team preparations for the London Paralympics. Club ADM and the Sociocultural Disability Association (ASCM) organized the June 2012 Spanish national championships which he competed in. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. He lost 4–5 in the round of 16.
The third edition of the International Boccia Championships Pecanins Roser took place in 2013, with a team representing the Catalan region of Spain, a team representing the rest of Spain and a team representing Great Britain. He competed on the rest of Spain team. The event was a warm up for the European Championships. Martin won the BC2 individual event against Zoe Robinson of Great Britain by a score of 11–4 and against Benito Sánchez of Catalonia. The pair of victories qualified him for the final where he played against Spain national team teammate Pedro Cordero Martin whom he be 3-2 He was a member of Spain's delegation at the European Championships contested in June 2013 in Guimaraes, Portugal. In October 2013, he was ranked the Spain's best competitor in his classification. His team, which includes Vicente Lletí, Raul Martí and Sabrina Balen, was ranked number one.
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Spanish boccia players
Paralympic boccia players for Spain
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Boccia players at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Boccia players at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Granada
Paralympic medalists in boccia
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41030946
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago%20Pesquera%20Blanco
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Santiago Pesquera Blanco
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Santiago Pesquera Blanco (born April 21, 1973, in La Rioja) is a boccia player from Spain. He has had cerebral palsy since birth and is a BC3 type athlete. His job is working with computers. He started playing sport when he was 17 years old. He also plays wheelchair track and field.
He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in boccia. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the BC3 two person event. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the BC3 two person event. He finished second in the BC3 one person event. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the BC3 one person event.
In April 2008, he was one of four Navarre sportspeople on the short list to attend the Beijing Paralympics.
References
Spanish boccia players
Living people
1954 births
Paralympic gold medalists for Spain
Paralympic silver medalists for Spain
Boccia players at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Boccia players at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Boccia players at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Boccia players at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from La Rioja
Paralympic boccia players for Spain
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in boccia
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41030947
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa%20Hilda%20Rodr%C3%ADguez%20Rodr%C3%ADguez
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María Hilda Rodríguez Rodríguez
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Maria Hilda Rodriguez Rodriguez (born May 10, 1955, in Lugo) is a boccia player from Spain. She has a physical disability: She has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. She competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. She finished first in the BC1/BC2 team event. She finished first in the BC2 one person event.
References
Spanish boccia players
Living people
1955 births
Paralympic gold medalists for Spain
Boccia players at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Lugo
Paralympic boccia players for Spain
Paralympic medalists in boccia
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
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41030948
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorginho%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201993%29
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Jorginho (footballer, born 1993)
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Jorge Manuel da Cunha Ribeiro (born 24 January 1993 in Guimarães) aka Jorginho, is a Portuguese footballer who plays for C.D. Aves as a midfielder.
Football career
On 18 May 2013, Jorginho made his professional debut with Aves in a 2012–13 Segunda Liga match against Marítimo B, when he replaced Nuno Binaia (75th minute).
References
External links
Stats and profile at LPFP
1993 births
Living people
Portuguese men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Liga Portugal 2 players
C.D. Aves players
Footballers from Guimarães
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41030950
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Vaquerizo%20Relucio
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José Vaquerizo Relucio
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José Vaquerizo Relucio (born 10 October 1978 in Valencia) is a boccia player from Spain. He has not always had a job. He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC1 type athlete. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third in the Team BC1-2 game.
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
Spanish boccia players
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Paralympic boccia players for Spain
Paralympic medalists in boccia
Boccia players at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Valencia
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41030952
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenuiphantes%20tenuis
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Tenuiphantes tenuis
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Tenuiphantes tenuis is a species of spider belonging to the family Linyphiidae. Its native distribution is reported as Europe, Macaronesia, Northern Africa, Turkey, Caucasus, Central Asia. The species was introduced to USA, Chile, Argentina and New Zealand from Europe where it is found throughout.
The body length excluding legs is about . The carapace is dark brown. The abdomen often has a distinctive pattern, usually with clear black spots, and T. tenuis is more slender than other species in the family. The legs are brown and lack annulations.
T. tenuis is usually found in low vegetation, moss, and leaf litter where it feeds on various insects including Listronotus bonariensis.
References
External links
Lepthyphantes tenuis, Spider and Harvestman Recording Scheme website
Linyphiidae
Spiders described in 1852
Spiders of Europe
Spiders of Asia
Spiders of Africa
Spiders of Macaronesia
Taxa named by John Blackwall
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41030955
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960%20Minor%20States%20Carnival
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1960 Minor States Carnival
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The 1960 Minor States Carnival was an edition of the lower division of Australian National Football Carnival, an Australian rules football interstate competition. The previous minor states carnival had been held as part of the 1958 Melbourne Carnival. The competition was won by the Victorian Football Association.
The minor states carnival was played in two parts:
A round-robin competition was held in Sydney between 25 June and 3 July amongst the Victorian Football Association – which was relegated from Division 1 at the 1958 Melbourne Carnival – New South Wales, Queensland and Canberra.
A playoff match for promotion to the top division was then played in Canberra between the Australian Amateurs – which had won Division 2 of the 1958 Melbourne Carnival – and the winner of the round robin.
Results
References
Australian rules interstate football
Minor States Carnival, 1960
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41030972
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Moundeford
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Thomas Moundeford
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Thomas Moundeford M.D. (1550–1630) was an English academic and physician, President of the London College of Physicians for three periods.
Life
The fourth son of Sir Edmund Moundeford and his wife Bridget, daughter of Sir John Spelman of Narborough, Norfolk, he was born at Feltwell. He was educated at Eton College and admitted a scholar of King's College, Cambridge, on 16 August 1568. On 17 August 1571 he was admitted a fellow, and graduated B.A. 1572 and M.A. 1576. On 18 July 1580 he moved to the study of medicine. From 1580 to 1583 he was bursar of King's College and left the college in August 1583. He continued to reside in Cambridge till he had graduated M.D.
Moundeford then moved to London, and 9 April 1593 was a licentiate of the College of Physicians, and 29 January 1594 a fellow. He lived in Milk Street in the City of London. He was a royal physician, attending Elizabeth I and then James I. Among his patients in the 1590s was Mary Glover, who became prominent as a supposed victim of demonic possession; Moundeford took her condition to be natural. The matter went to a celebrated trial, of Elizabeth Jackson accused of bewitching Glover, that divided the College, Francis Herring testifying for the prosecution case. Edward Jorden and John Argent supported the defence; but they lost the argument, with Moundeford apparently weighed on the other side.
Moundeford was seven times a censor of the College of Physicians, was treasurer in 1608, and president 1612, 1613, 1614, 1619, 1621, 1622, and 1623. In 1611 he was called in to attend Arbella Stuart. Taking her side, or at least advocating for more sympathetic treatment, he suffered brief imprisonment at the time she was planning to escape to France.
In later life, Moundeford became blind. He died in 1630 at the house of his son-in-law Sir John Bramston in Philip Lane, London. He was buried in the church of St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street.
Works
In 1599 Moundeford published a translation of a French work by André Du Laurens into Latin, as De morbis melancholicis Tractatus. He became a recognised expert on melancholia.
Moundeford published in 1622 a small book entitled Vir Bonus, a summary of what experience had taught him. The book is divided into four parts, "Temperantia", "Prudentia", "Justicia", and "Fortitude". He praised the king, denounced smoking, and alluded to the Basilicon Doron. He drew on his reading in the classics and Church Fathers.
Family
Moundeford in 1583 married Mary Hill, daughter of Richard Hill, mercer, of Milk Street, London. His wife died in her ninety-fourth year, in 1656, in the house in which they had lived together in Milk Street. Mary was a devout Anglican; their parish priest was James Speght, a neighbour and father of Rachel Speght. Moundeford's Vir Bonus showed him to be an admirer of Theodore Beza,
They had two sons: Osbert, admitted a scholar of King's College, Cambridge, on 25 August 1601, aged 16; and Richard, admitted a scholar of the same college on 25 August 1603. Both died before their father, and their epitaph, in English verse, is given in John Stow's London. It was in the church of St. Mary Magdalen. He had also two daughters, Bridget, who in 1606 married Sir John Bramston, and Katharine, who married Christopher Rander of Burton, Lincolnshire.
Notes
References
1550 births
1630 deaths
16th-century English medical doctors
17th-century English medical doctors
People educated at Eton College
Fellows of King's College, Cambridge
Presidents of the Royal College of Physicians
People from Feltwell
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41030987
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1889%20Brighton%20by-election
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1889 Brighton by-election
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The Brighton by-election of 1889 was held on 25 October 1889 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP William Tindal Robertson. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Gerald Loder.
References
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in East Sussex constituencies
1889 elections in the United Kingdom
1889 in England
19th century in Sussex
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41031014
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%E2%80%9301%20RC%20Strasbourg%20season
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2000–01 RC Strasbourg season
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The 2000–01 season was the 95th season in the existence of RC Strasbourg and the club's ninth consecutive season in the top flight of French football. In addition to the domestic league, Strasbourg competed in this season's edition of the Coupe de France and Coupe de la Ligue. The season covered the period from 1 July 2000 to 30 June 2001.
Season summary
Despite winning the Coupe de France, Strasbourg were relegated in bottom place.
First-team squad
Squad at end of season
Left club during season
Competitions
Overall record
Division 1
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
Coupe de France
Coupe de la Ligue
Sources
RSSSF - France 2000/01
The season on racingstub.com
References
RC Strasbourg Alsace seasons
Strasbourg
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41031019
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caressa%20Savage
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Caressa Savage
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Caressa Savage (born July 14, 1966) is a former American pornographic actress and nude model who appeared in over 170 adult films between around 1995 and 2005.
Over her roughly ten-year career, Savage appeared in 174 productions by companies such as Evil Angel, Legend Video, Leisure time Entertainment, Sin City, VCA Pictures, Vivid Entertainment, and Wicked Pictures predominantly in lesbian and girl/girl scenes.
Savage was featured in the book Top Porn Stars Sex Tips and Tricks, where she stated that she had only worked with women in the adult film industry. Straight Whiskey: A Living History of Sex, Drugs, and Rock and Roll features Savage and fellow porn star Ron Jeremy. In this book, they recount their experiences at the Whisky a Go Go and the Rainbow Bar and Grill.
Awards
1997 AVN Award winner – Best All-Girl Sex Scene, Video (Buttslammers the 13th) with Missy & Misty Rain
1999 AVN Award winner - Best All-Girl Sex Scene, Video (Buttslammers 16) with Roxanne Hall & Charlie
References
External links
1966 births
American pornographic film actresses
Living people
Actresses from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Pornographic film actors from Florida
American female adult models
21st-century American women
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41031025
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964%20Faversham%20by-election
|
1964 Faversham by-election
|
The 1964 Faversham by-election was held on 4 June 1964 after the death of the incumbent Labour MP Percy Wells. The usually marginal seat was retained by the Labour Candidate Terence Boston.
References
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Kent constituencies
1964 in England
1964 elections in the United Kingdom
1960s in Kent
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41031028
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myophoria
|
Myophoria
|
Myophoria is an extinct genus of bivalve mollusk from Europe belonging to the family Myophoriidae. Fossils are mainly found in Triassic rocks (251 to 200 mya).
Description
The shells of the species in this genus are triangular, with prominent ribs radiating from the apex and fine growth lines.
Species
Myophoria adornata
Myophoria beringiana
Myophoria brockensis
Myophoria cairnesi
Myophoria chenopus
Myophoria decussata
Myophoria ebbae
Myophoria gaytani
Myophoria harpa
Myophoria humboldtensis
Myophoria kuuoruensis
Myophoria lineata
Myophoria ornata
Myophoria proharpa
Myophoria reziae
Myophoria staggi
Myophoria transversa
Myophoria zeballos
References
Paleobiology Database
Encyclopædia Britannica
Sepkoski's Online Genus Database
Prehistoric bivalve genera
Trigoniida
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41031038
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser%20v%20ABSA
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Fraser v ABSA
|
Fraser v ABSA, an important case in South African criminal procedure and constitutional litigation, concerned the interpretation of chapter 5 of the Prevention of Organised Crime Act (POCA), dealing with the restraint and confiscation of property that constitutes the proceeds of crime.
In the area of constitutional litigation, the court dealt with the question of its jurisdiction in constitutional matters. The interpretation by the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) of section 26 of POCA had been challenged on the grounds that it had failed to promote the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights, particularly the right to a fair trial. This was a constitutional matter, so the Constitutional Court had jurisdiction to hear it.
On the issue of leave to appeal to the Constitutional Court, the court found that, since POCA was an Act of considerable importance and complexity, and since there were prospects of success in challenging the SCA's interpretation of the Act, leave to appeal should be granted.
Facts
Section 26 of POCA authorised the High Court to issue a restraint order prohibiting a person who has or will be charged with an offence under POCA from dealing in any manner with any property subject to the restraint order. The High Court also had a discretion in terms of section 26(6) to make provision in the restraint order for the reasonable living and legal expenses of the defendant. This case is concerned with the exercise of that discretion. Fraser argued that the failure to make such provision violated his right to a fair trial, including the right to legal representation.
Fraser was arrested in 2003 and charged with racketeering, money laundering and drug-related offences. In November 2004, the High Court ordered a provisional restraint order against his property, placing it in the hands of a curator. He subsequently applied, in terms of section 26(6), to the Durban High Court for an order directing the curator to sell the property and use its proceeds for payment of the legal expenses in his criminal trial. ABSA, a creditor of Mr Fraser with a four-year-old default judgment against him in its favour, applied to intervene in the proceedings. It opposed the application for the provision of legal expenses on the basis that, if Mr Fraser were successful, it would be unable to recover its judgment debt.
High Court
The High Court confirmed the provisional restraint order, dismissed ABSA's application to intervene, and granted Mr Fraser's application. ABSA applied for and was granted leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA).
Supreme Court of Appeal
The SCA reversed the High Court's decision. It granted ABSA's application to intervene and dismissed Mr Fraser's application for provision for legal expenses. The SCA held that the legislature could not have intended that a concurrent creditor, who had pursued a claim and obtained a default judgment prior to the issuance of a restraint order, would be prevented from satisfying that judgment simply because the debtor's assets had been restrained. As a consequence of the SCA's decision, ABSA's claim against Mr Fraser was secured. Mr Fraser applied for leave to appeal to the Constitutional Court against the judgment and order of the SCA.
Constitutional Court
Jurisdiction
This Constitutional Court's jurisdiction is governed by section 167(3) of the Constitution, which limits it to constitutional matters and issues connected with decisions on constitutional matters. In matters other than constitutional matters, the SCA is the highest Court in the land.
"To attempt to define the limits of the term 'constitutional matter' rigidly," held Van Der Westhuizen J,
is neither necessary nor desirable. Philosophically and conceptually, it is difficult to conceive of any legal issue that is not a constitutional matter within a system of constitutional supremacy. All law is after all subject to the Constitution and law inconsistent with the Constitution is invalid.
Nor was it appropriate, in a system of constitutional supremacy, to construe the term "constitutional matter" narrowly. Nevertheless, Van Der Westhuizen continued,
the fact that s 167(3)(b) of the Constitution limits this Court's jurisdiction to constitutional matters presupposes that a meaningful line must be drawn between constitutional and non-constitutional matters and it is the responsibility of this Court to do so.
In this regard, a contention that a lower court reached an incorrect decision "is not, without more, a constitutional matter." Moreover, the Constitutional Court would not assume jurisdiction over a non-constitutional matter "only because an application for leave to appeal is couched in constitutional terms." It was incumbent upon the applicant to demonstrate the existence of "a bona fide constitutional question." As Van Der Westhuizen cautioned, "An issue does not become a constitutional matter merely because an applicant calls it one."
The applicant in Fraser had not challenged the constitutional validity of any of the provisions of POCA itself, or of the restraint order. Rather, he claimed that the SCA's interpretation of POCA was constitutionally problematic, Section 39(2) of the Constitution, held Van Der Westhuizen, "requires more from a Court than to avoid an interpretation that conflicts with the Bill of Rights. It demands the promotion of the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights." The applicant contended that the SCA had failed to promote the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights, particularly the right to a fair trial. This, Van Der Westhuizen found, was a constitutional matter, which meant that the Constitutional Court had jurisdiction to hear it.
Leave to appeal
Section 167(6) of the Constitution provides for appeals from another court to the Constitutional Court "when it is in the interests of justice and with leave of the Constitutional Court." The Constitutional Court determines whether it is in the interests of justice to grant leave to appeal "through a careful and balanced weighing up of a number of factors."
The court held that leave to appeal to it in the present matter should be granted,
because the constitutional matter raised was of considerable importance and complexityl and
because "it cannot be said that there are no prospects of success."
Merits
The court upheld the SCA's decision to allow ABSA to intervene in the proceedings, but held that the SCA was incorrect in holding that ABSA's claim against the applicant was secured against the provision for his reasonable legal expenses. A decision to allow a creditor to intervene does not automatically result in an order to "ring-fence" its claim against competing claims and the defendant's claim for reasonable legal expenses.
The court interpreted POCA on the basis of its wording and structure, but also in the light of constitutionally-protected fair-trial rights. When a defendant applied in terms of section 26(6) for provision for reasonable legal expenses in a restraint order, the High Court had a discretion to provide for legal expenses. It also had a discretion to permit any creditor who applied to intervene to join the proceedings, and to then grant an order which was fair under all the prevailing circumstances. In doing so the Court had to take into account
an accused person's right to legal representation;
the interest of the state in preserving the property; and
the interests of creditors.
Under the circumstances of this case, the court held that it would be fair as well as practical to refer the matter back to the High Court to exercise its discretion in terms of section 26(6) of POCA.
See also
South African criminal procedure
South African constitutional litigation
References
Fraser v Absa Bank Ltd (National Director of Public Prosecutions as Amicus Curiae) 2007 (3) SA 484 (CC)
Notes
2006 in South African case law
South African constitutional law
Constitutional Court of South Africa cases
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41031040
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan%20Oostendorp
|
Nathan Oostendorp
|
Nathan Oostendorp is an American technologist, author, and entrepreneur. He is from Holland, Michigan and is a co-founder of the technology news website and community Slashdot and founder of the online community Everything2.
Biography
Oostendorp was a contributor and content editor of Slashdot as well as an author of the SlashCode software—Slashdot's freely licensed technological platform. He was a founder of the firm Blockstackers Intergalactic (BSI) which managed and developed the website. In addition to his work on Slashdot, Oostendorp's work at BSI included the creation of the early online encyclopedia project Everything2, and the Perl programming web community PerlMonks which used the Everything Engine. After the sale of BSI to Andover.net and subsequently to VA Linux Systems (which became Geeknet), Oostendorp worked as a developer and manager at the free software and open source hosting platform SourceForge.
Oostendorp has a master's degree in Information Economics from the University of Michigan School of Information. While at Michigan, he published several academic papers based on his experience with online communities.
Oostendorp founded the Ann Arbor, Michigan-based Internet of Things startup Sight Machine (formerly Ingenuitas) focused on industrial applications of computer vision techniques. He is the author of the software SimpleCV and holds a patent related to computer vision.
References
External links
Oostendorp's personal homepage
Living people
Businesspeople in information technology
Businesspeople in software
People from Holland, Michigan
Slashdot
Geeknet
University of Michigan School of Information alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
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41031051
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964%20Devizes%20by-election
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1964 Devizes by-election
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The 1964 Devizes by-election was held on 14 May 1964 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Percivall Pott. It was won by the Conservative candidate Charles Morrison a member of Wiltshire County Council and chair of its Education Committee. Opinion poll forecasts and against the trend in the three other by-elections held on the same day were predicting a Labour win. The surprise victory was attributed to Morrison being well-known, popular and active in the constituency. His campaign had the support of Ian Fleming, a relation by marriage of Morrison's wife Sara, who wrote an article called To Westminster with Love beginning with the words "Charles Morrison - Licensed to Kill."
Background
The by-election was held on the same day as three others with the Conservatives also defending seats in contests at Bury St Edmunds, Rutherglen and Winchester. On the day of the election, an article in The Glasgow Herald reported that both Labour and the Conservatives claimed to be confident of victory in Devizes. The same article speculated that whichever party won, their majority would likely not be much greater than 1,500 votes, and noted that "new hope would be put into many faint Conservative hearts" if the party held the seat. The seat had gained around 4,000 new voters since the last general election, and according to the same report two thirds of these were thought likely to be Labour voters.
Result
Reaction
The Labour MP Tony Benn, who campaigned in the constituency during the by-election partly as the Labour candidate was the son of his own agent, recorded in his diary on polling day that he had been told at lunch by his friend the psephologist David Butler, that Labour would "win Devizes quite comfortably". The following day he described in his diary the loss of the seat by 1,000 votes as "a real set-back" for Labour's hopes of victory in the forthcoming general election.
The following morning, when the Bury St Edmunds result was still unknown, The Glasgow Herald contrasted the Devizes result with that in Rutherglen, which Labour had gained, and Winchester where there was an 8.5% swing to Labour despite the Conservatives retaining the seat. The report noted that holding Devizes Would "hearten" the Conservatives and expressed surprise that the swing to Labour was just 2.7%. However it also observed that Morrison had possibly benefited from being the only local candidate and having been supported by "a superb organisation".
References
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Wiltshire constituencies
Devizes by-election
Devizes by-election
Devizes by-election
20th century in Wiltshire
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41031053
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964%20Bury%20St%20Edmunds%20by-election
|
1964 Bury St Edmunds by-election
|
The Bury St Edmunds by-election of 1964 was held on 14 May 1964 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir William Aitken. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Eldon Griffiths.
The by-election was one of four (the others being Rutherglen, Devizes and Winchester) being held on the same day in which the seat was being defended by a candidate supporting the incumbent Conservative government. With a general election due later in the year, the results were anticipated with interest as a pointer to what might happen at the election, with the Labour candidate in Bury St Edmunds confidently predicting victory. The Glasgow Herald noted that his prediction would require a swing of over 8% and even if this was achieved predicted he would have such a small majority that the Conservatives would regain the seat later in the year.
Result
Outcome
Of the four concurrent by-elections, it was the result at Bury St Edmunds which was the last to be known. The swing of 6% to Labour was less than that it achieved in Winchester and Rutherglen, the latter of which Labour gained, but better than in Devizes. The Glasgow Herald stated that the result was better for the Conservatives than had been expected and combined with others cast doubt on opinion polls suggesting a significant national Labour lead. It suggested that there was now hope among Conservatives that the political tide was turning in their favour.
References
Bury
Bury St Edmunds by-election
Bury St Edmunds by-election
Bury St Edmunds by-election
Bury St Edmunds
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41031058
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963%20Dundee%20West%20by-election
|
1963 Dundee West by-election
|
The Dundee West by-election was held on 21 November 1963 due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP John Strachey. It was won by the Labour candidate, Peter Doig.
Background
Dundee West had been held by the Labour Party since its creation in 1950. In 1959, the Unionist candidate Robert Taylor had reduced the Labour majority to just 714 votes, thereby coming close to a surprise victory. The 43 year-old Dr. Taylor was selected again as the Unionist and National Liberal candidate. The Communist Party selected fifty year-old David Bowman, a local engine driver who had contested the seat at the previous three elections.
On 22 September 1963, local councillor Peter Doig was chosen ahead of five other people to be the Labour Party candidate. Doig, a bakery supervisor, was chairman of the Labour group on Dundee Town Council. He was also deputy chairman of the council and honorary city treasurer of Dundee. The short list of six had been drawn up from a field of at least ten candidates. This included three other Dundee-based aspirants, one of whom was Doig's fellow councillor Bailie James L. Stewart.
The Scottish National Party selected James C. Lees and were reported to have high hopes of achieving a good result following their strong showing in the West Lothian by-election the previous year.
Result
After his victory Doig declared that Sir Alec Douglas-Home's claim of a new chapter following his victory in the recent Kinross and Western Perthshire by-election was now a closed book and predicted the Conservatives’ hopes of holding their seats at the forthcoming St Marylebone and Dumfries contests were in danger. He also called on Home to call a general election.
References
Dundee West by-election
Dundee West by-election
1960s elections in Scotland
1960s in Dundee
Dundee West by-election
West, 1963
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Scottish constituencies
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41031062
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Jenkins%20%28diplomat%29
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John Jenkins (diplomat)
|
Sir John Jenkins (born 26 January 1955) is a British former diplomat who was ambassador to several countries.
Career
John Jenkins was educated at St Philip's Grammar School, Birmingham, The Becket School, Nottinghamshire and Jesus College, Cambridge where he gained a BA and a doctorate (PhD) in 1980. He joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) in 1980 and served in Abu Dhabi, Kuala Lumpur and Kuwait before being appointed ambassador to Burma 1999–2002; Consul-General at Jerusalem 2003–06; ambassador to Syria 2006–07; Director, Middle East and North Africa at the FCO 2007–09; ambassador to Iraq 2009–11; UK Special Representative to the National Transitional Council of Libya May–October 2011, then briefly ambassador to Libya October–November 2011; and ambassador to Saudi Arabia from June 2012.
At the end of January 2015 he retired from the Diplomatic Service and as of 27 January 2015 became Executive Director of the Middle East branch of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, based in Bahrain.
Jenkins was appointed LVO in 1989, CMG in the New Year Honours of 2003 and knighted KCMG in the Queen's Birthday Honours of 2011. He is a Serving Brother of the Order of St John of Jerusalem.
References
Sources
JENKINS, Sir John, Who's Who 2013, A & C Black, 2013; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2012
Sir John Jenkins, gov.uk
1955 births
Living people
Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Myanmar
Consuls-General of the United Kingdom to Jerusalem
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Syria
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Iraq
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Libya
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Saudi Arabia
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Lieutenants of the Royal Victorian Order
People educated at St Philip's School
Serving Brothers of the Order of St John
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41031067
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eitzen
|
Eitzen
|
Eitzen may refer to:
Places
Eitzen, Minnesota
Companies
Eitzen Group
Eitzen Chemical
Eitzen Gas
Eitzen Maritime Services
People
Axel Camillo Eitzen (1851–1937), Norwegian founder of the Eitzen Group
Axel Camillo Eitzen (1883–1968), Norwegian inheritor of the Eitzen Group
Johan Eitzen (1893–), Norwegian businessman in Uruguay
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41031072
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Soares
|
Jonathan Soares
|
Jonathan Soares is a South African rugby league player for the Tuks Bulls in the Rhino Cup. His position is second row. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA.
References
South African rugby league players
South Africa national rugby league team players
Tuks Bulls players
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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41031079
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963%20Sudbury%20and%20Woodbridge%20by-election
|
1963 Sudbury and Woodbridge by-election
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The 1963 Sudbury and Woodbridge by-election was held in 1963 after the previous Conservative MP, John Hare was elevated to the House of Lords.
References
Sudbury
1963 elections in the United Kingdom
1963 in England
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41031086
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20W.%20Lever
|
Henry W. Lever
|
Henry Work Lever (October 4, 1883 – July 1, 1980) was an American sportsperson and educator. He was a college football coach at four different colleges, as well as an athletic director, baseball coach, basketball coach, and track coach.
Early life
Lever graduated from high school in Loveland, Ohio, in 1901 and then started college at Miami University. After also attending Ohio Northern University, he then graduated from Ohio University in 1908, playing football at all three schools. Lever then began teaching at today's Valley City State University in North Dakota that same year, where he also served as athletic director. The next year, he married Marguerite Sherburne, with the marriage producing nine children. After a few years the family moved to Missouri to farm.
Coaching career
In 1911, Lever was named the eighth head football coach at the Texas Christian University (TUC) in Fort Worth, Texas. His team produced a record of 4 wins and 5 losses that year. For 1912 he was TCU's baseball manager.
After his years at TCU, Lever became the tenth head football coach at Carroll College in Waukesha, Wisconsin and he held that position for the 1913 season. At the school he was also the men's basketball coach for two seasons from 1912 to 1914. His football coaching record at Carroll was 2–2–3.
Lever moved his family north to Alberta, Canada around 1916 to farm, but returned to the states about 1921 and started farming in Yakima, Washington. They moved again to the southern Oregon Coast, eventually settling in Myrtle Point where he was a teacher at the high school and coached baseball, football, track, and basketball. Linfield College in McMinnville, Oregon, then hired him in 1930 and he worked there as athletic director until 1949. Lever was also the football coach from 1930 to 1938, and again from 1940 to 1942, compiling a record of 30–54–7, with a conference championship in 1935, the school's first.
At Linfield he also was the men's basketball coach from 1930 to 1941 and again from 1942 to 1947. Lever had a record of 173–109 for a .613 winning percentage, the highest in school history for a coach with at least two seasons. He was also the track coach from 1931 to 1935 and 1941 to 1943, and then baseball coach in 1947 when they won their first Northwest Conference championship. He was later inducted into the college's athletic hall of fame.
Later years
In 1952, Marguerite died and Lever moved to Central Oregon in 1953, settling in Madras. He farmed briefly before moving into real estate as broker, which he continued until his death on July 1, 1980, after he was hit by a truck as he crossed the highway.
Head coaching record
College football
References
External links
1883 births
1980 deaths
Basketball coaches from Ohio
Carroll Pioneers football coaches
Carroll Pioneers men's basketball coaches
College track and field coaches in the United States
High school baseball coaches in the United States
High school basketball coaches in Oregon
High school football coaches in Oregon
Linfield Wildcats athletic directors
Linfield Wildcats baseball coaches
Linfield Wildcats men's basketball coaches
Linfield Wildcats football coaches
Miami RedHawks football players
Ohio Bobcats football players
Ohio Northern Polar Bears football players
People from Myrtle Point, Oregon
People from Loveland, Ohio
People from Madras, Oregon
Players of American football from Ohio
Road incident deaths in Oregon
Sportspeople from the Cincinnati metropolitan area
TCU Horned Frogs baseball coaches
TCU Horned Frogs football coaches
Valley City State Vikings football coaches
Valley City State Vikings men's basketball coaches
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41031094
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20R%C3%B4ze
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Raymond Rôze
|
Raymond Rôze (14 July 1873 – 30 March 1920) was an English composer and conductor.
He was born in London and the son of the French soprano Marie Rôze, and the natural son of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (and therefore the grandson of Queen Victoria). He studied in Brussels with Arthur De Greef before first working in England at the Lyceum Theatre where he was Musical Director. He also established a singing school in London in 1899 and was Musical Director for various theatre companies. His output consisted mainly of incidental music for plays including a number at His Majesty's Theatre under Sir Herbert Tree, including Trilby in 1895. His music was twice performed in London's Promenade concerts (in 1901 and 1911).
Rôze was Musical Director of the Royal Opera House and his three-act opera Joan of Arc was premiered there on 1 November 1913. A review in the Times was very critical of the opera’s disjointed nature and warned that ‘a drama with the characters singing and an orchestra to accompany them is not necessarily an opera.’ Later in the same month he engaged Frank Bridge to conduct Richard Wagner’s opera Tannhäuser. Joan of Arc received a further performance in Paris at a fundraising event for the Red Cross in 1917 but was ultimately unsuccessful. The opera was written in English at a time when there were few English operas in the repertoire. With his opera, Rôze sought, in his own words, to establish the ‘English language in the position it should hold on the operatic stage once and for all’. In the same 1913 season he conducted Georges Bizet's opera Carmen in English. A gala performance of Joan of Arc in the presence of King George and Queen Mary in December 1913 was interrupted by suffragist protestors.
Rôze was the founding conductor of the British Symphony Orchestra, a professional ensemble formed in 1919 from demobilised soldiers returning to London after World War I.
He was married to an American soprano, Louise Miles (nom de scène Marie Sora), from New York. His daughter Marie-Louise Roze was also a soprano. Her second husband was the Belgian sculptor John Cluysenaar.
Selected works
Overture and incidental music to Julius Caesar, op. 16 (1899)
Incidental music to Sweet Nell of Old Drury (1900)
Extase d'Amour op. 28 (1904, Schott, London)
The Love Birds, musical comedy (1904)
Incidental Music to The Scarlet Pimpernel, (1913)
Joan of Arc (opera in a prologue, three acts and seven tableaux) (1911) (score is now in the British Library)
Antony and Cleopatra (Performed at the London Proms in 1911)
Poem of Victory for Violin and Orchestra (1919)
References
External links
1873 births
1920 deaths
English composers
Musicians from London
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41031100
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skagen%27s%20White%20Lighthouse
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Skagen's White Lighthouse
|
Skagen's White Lighthouse () is a historic lighthouse just north of the town of Skagen in the far north of Jutland, Denmark. It was operational from 1747 to 1858 when it was replaced by Skagen Lighthouse.
History
Designed by Philip de Lange, it was the first lighthouse in Denmark to be built of brick. The octagonal tower, initially in raw red brick, was whitewashed at the beginning of the 19th century. With a height of 21 m (69 ft), it is located at the junction of Fyrvej and Batterivej. The lighthouse was originally coal fired, the coal being hauled up through an internal shaft and placed in a fire basket. In 1835, rapeseed oil replaced the coal and the lighthouse was fitted with a parabolic mirror. In 1858, the White Lighthouse was replaced by the Grey Lighthouse which was located 2 km further north on Skagen Odde. From 1871, the White Lighthouse was used as a signaling station to warn sailors of ice or of missing lightships.
Exhibition venue
The White Lighthouse is now used as a venue for exhibitions. It can be booked from Frederikshavn Municipality.
See also
Skagen's Vippefyr
List of lighthouses and lightvessels in Denmark
References
Further reading
External links
Lighthouses completed in 1747
Towers completed in 1747
Lighthouses in Denmark
Buildings and structures in Skagen
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41031104
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan%20Reilly%20%28athlete%29
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Brendan Reilly (athlete)
|
Brendan Anthony John Reilly (born 23 December 1972 in Shipley, West Yorkshire) is a retired two-time Olympic high jumper.
Athletics career
Reilly won medals at the 1992 IAAF World Cup in Cuba and bronze at the 1995 Summer Universiade. 5 times English Schools Champion, former world record holder for 15 year olds (2.12 m), five times British Senior Champion, European and World Schools Champion. Broke the British junior record at 17 with 2m 27 cm in May 1990. First British teenager to jump over 2.30 m and a personal best of 2.32 m.
He represented England in the high jump event, at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Four years later he represented England in the high jump again, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
His personal bests in the event are 2.31 metres outdoors (1992) and 2.32 metres indoors (2000).
Personal life
Reilly is married to Irish Olympic sprinter Sarah Reilly.
He is also an artist with work on display for the Art of the Olympians (AOTO).
Competition record
References
External links
Official website
1972 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Shipley, West Yorkshire
Irish male high jumpers
British male high jumpers
Olympic athletes for Ireland
Olympic athletes for Great Britain
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Commonwealth Games competitors for England
Athletes (track and field) at the 1994 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for Ireland
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade bronze medalists for Great Britain
Medalists at the 1995 Summer Universiade
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41031114
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaude%20Centre
|
Jaude Centre
|
Jaude Centre is one of the most prominent shopping malls in Clermont-Ferrand, France. It is located in extreme south-East in the Jaude Square, in the city centre.
History
In 1960, the local council wanted to refurbish the district called “fond de Jaude” to build a shopping mall, housing and offices. This quarter was unhealthy and particularly depreciated. It was destroyed and the construction work for the shopping mall started at the end of 1978. The shops opened their doors on September 11 of 1980.
Architecture
Centre Jaude was designed by the architect Jean-Loup Roubert. The building is mostly made of concrete. At the top of it and to light up the different spaces where people walk there is a glass roof.
Since its construction, the building was modified. The several changes are :
• The addition of a new storey, which is now used by the shop Fnac and its bookshop department.• During 2008 a further extension was added which represents 500 square meters of retail space. The exterior facades opening onto Jaude square were partly renovated with the addition of window pane on top of the white panes which did not receive a good support from the public and were often criticized since the shopping mall's opening.
Importance
Jaude Centre is composed of a shopping arcade on three storeys, representing 22646 square meters and eighty shops. In 2005, it was ranked the fifth national commercial surface for the amount of money spent per square meter.
The influence of the Centre Jaude is not only measurable for the city of Clermont-Ferrand but for the entire region because of the lack of other commercial centres in the area. Indeed, Centre Jaude received 6 million visitors each year from the four departments of Auvergne.
Present Shops
Sizes of the biggest shops:
• C&A (4 300 square metres),
• The Fnac (2 200 square metres),
• Go Sport (1 150 square metres),
• Habitat (950 square metres),
• Cinemas, Ciné Alpes (Ciné Jaude 2000 square metres) : a seven-screen cinema.
Some of the other brands which are present: “Nature et Découvertes, Burton, Sephora, Etam, Jules, Courir, Pimkie, Zara, Lush.”
Centre Jaude is a mall of culture, leisure, gifts and fashion. The third storey offers some pancake restaurants, pizzeria, brasserie, cafeteria and other fast food restaurants. There are also baker's store and cake's store on the ground floor.
External links
(French) http://centre-jaude.com/
http://www.clermontferrandtourism.com/
https://web.archive.org/web/20131224103042/http://malldatabase.com/mall/jaude-centre
Shopping centres in France
Buildings and structures in Clermont-Ferrand
Shopping malls established in 1980
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41031116
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoorpu%20Dubagunta%2C%20Nellore%20district
|
Thoorpu Dubagunta, Nellore district
|
Dubagunta or Thurpu Dubagunta is a village panchayat located in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh.
References
Villages in Nellore district
|
41031125
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel%20Camillo%20Eitzen%20%281851%E2%80%931937%29
|
Axel Camillo Eitzen (1851–1937)
|
Axel Camillo Eitzen (30 January 1851 – 1937) was a Norwegian ship-owner.
He was born in Drøbak as a son of postmaster Johan Laur. Eitzen and Cecilia Catharina Cappelen. In 1879 he married ship-owner's daughter Caroline Johanne Hansen.
He finished school in Sarpsborg and started a career at sea in 1867. He became a shipmaster and worked as such until 1890. From then he was a full-time ship-owner and shipbroker. In 1883 he had founded the company Camillo Eitzen, which grew to a major corporation.
He was a board member of Kristiania Port Authority from 1905 to 1911, and of the Nordisk Defence Club. He died in 1937. His son Axel Camillo Eitzen became co-owner in the family company, which was later renamed Tschudi & Eitzen, and another son Johan emigrated to Uruguay to pursue enterprises there. He was the Norwegian General Consul in Montevideo Uruguay. He married Maria Magdalena Ramayon and had a son Johan and twin girls Elsa and Maria Magdalena (Maggie) Eitzen. Elsa Eitzen married and divorced Carlos Deus and had a girl named Maria Cristina Deus Eitzen. Elsa remarried Dirk van der Kaay and had a girl named Solveig van der Kaay Eitzen. Maria Cristina Deus Eitzen married Daniel Torres=Negriera and had a daughter named Natalia Torres-Negreira. Natalia Torres-Negreira Deus had a son Francisco Torres Brown and both live in Australia. Solveig van der Kaay Eitzen married and divorced J. Direnzo and had a son named Giancarlo Direnzo van der Kaay and a daughter named Cassandra Direnzo van der Kaay. Giancarlo Direnzo married Heather......and had a son named Dominic and a daughter named Emma Direnzo. Solveig and her family live in Chicago USA, Maria Cristina Deus Eitzen and her husband Daniel returned from Australia (where they lived for 30 years) and are in 2020 living in Montevideo Urguguay. Maria Cristinas's grandparents'home in Montevideo is still standing as is now considered of National Interest and the address is Cavia 3024 Montevideo Uruguay.
References
1851 births
1937 deaths
People from Frogn
Norwegian businesspeople in shipping
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41031133
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisian%20Volleyball%20Federation
|
Tunisian Volleyball Federation
|
The Tunisian Volleyball Federation () (FTVB) (), is the governing body for Volleyball in Tunisia since 1956. The federation is a member of the Arab Volleyball Association, Mediterranean volleyball Confederation, African Volleyball Confederation (CAVB) and the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB). The president of FTVB is Mohsen Ben taleb.
History
The Tunisian Federation has been recognised by FIVB from 1956 and is a member of the African Volleyball Confederation.
Presidents
Honours
National Team (Men)
Summer Olympics
Appearances : (7) times
Best result : Nine (1) : 1984
World Championship
Appearances : (11) times
Best result : Fifteen (1) : 2006
World Cup
Appearances : (9) times
Best result : Eight (2) : 1981, 1991
World League
Appearances : (4) times
Best result : Twenty Seven (1) : 2014
Challenger Cup
Appearances : (2) times
Best result : Six (1) : 2022
African Championship (Record)
Champions (11) : 1967, 1971, 1979, 1987, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2003, 2017, 2019, 2021
Runner-up (7) : 1976, 1983, 1993, 2005, 2007, 2013, 2015
Third place (2) : 1991, 2011
African Games
Champions (1) : 1978
Runner-up (3) : 1965, 1973, 2007
Third place (1) : 1991
Mediterranean Games
Runner-up (2) : 2001, 2013
Arab Championship (Record)
Champions (8) : 1980, 1984, 1988, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2012
Runner-up (2) : 1998, 2008
Third place (1) : 1994
Pan Arab Games (Record)
Champions (3) : 1957, 1985, 1999
Third place (1) : 2004
Afro-Arab Friendship Cup
Champions (1) : 1981
Maghreb Championship (Record)
Champions (7) : 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973
National Team (Women)
Summer Olympics
did not qualify
World Championship
Sixteen (1) : 1986
World Cup
Eight (1) : 1985
African Championship
Champions (3) : 1985, 1987, 1999
Runner-up (2) : 1976, 2009
Third place (3) : 1995, 2007, 2013
African Games
did not qualify
Mediterranean Games
Eight (1) : 2001
Arab Championship
Champions (2) : 1980, 1989
Pan Arab Games
Runner-up (3) : 1985, 1992, 1999
National team (U23)
U23 World Championship
Eight (1): 2013
U23 African Championship
Champions (1) : 2014
National Junior team (Boys)
U21 World Championship
Five (1): 1993
U21 African Championship (Record)
Champions (10) : 1984, 1990, 1992, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2008, 2010, 2013, 2018
Runner-up (5): 1994, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2022
Third place (1): 1986
National Youth team (Boys)
Youth Olympic Games
did not qualify
U19 World Championship
Six (1): 2009
African Championship U19 (Record)
Champions (8): 1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2016
Runner-up (4): 2002, 2004, 2013, 2015
Arab Youth Championship
Champions (4): 1992, 1994, 1996, 2009
Runner-up (2) : 2011, 2013
Third place (1): 1998
National Girls team (U23)
Women's U23 World Championship
did not qualify
Women's U23 African Championship
Runner-up (1) : 2014
National Junior team (Girls)
Women's U20 World Championship
Thirteen (1): 1995
Women's Africa Championship U20
Runner-up (3) : 2006, 2010, 2017
Third place (2): 2002, 2006
National Youth team (Girls)
Youth Olympic Games
did not qualify
Girls' U18 World Championship
Thirteen (1): 2005
Girls' Africa Championship U18
Champions (3): 2006, 2008, 2010
Runner-up (3) : 2004, 2013, 2014
Third place (1): 2011
See also
Tunisia men's national volleyball team
Tunisia women's national volleyball team
Tunisia men's national under-23 volleyball team
Tunisia men's national under-21 volleyball team
Tunisia men's national under-19 volleyball team
Tunisia women's national under-23 volleyball team
Tunisia women's national under-20 volleyball team
Tunisia women's national under-18 volleyball team
Tunisian Men's Volleyball League
Tunisian Volleyball Cup
References
External links
FTVB official site
Volleyball in Tunisia
Volleyball
Sports organizations established in 1956
National members of the African Volleyball Confederation
1956 establishments in Tunisia
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41031142
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoff%20Swanepoel
|
Christoff Swanepoel
|
Christoff Swanepoel is a South African rugby league player for the Bloemfontein Roosters. His position is fullback. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA
References
South African rugby league players
South Africa national rugby league team players
Rugby league fullbacks
Bloemfontein Roosters players
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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41031153
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto%20Alcaide
|
Roberto Alcaide
|
Roberto Alcaide García (born 22 March 1978 in Madrid) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a physical disability: He is a C4/LC2 type cyclist. He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He was the first racer to finish in the Individual Pursuit track LC2 race. He finished second in the Combined Road LC2 race. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He was the second racer to finish in the Individual Pursuit track LC2 race. He was the third racer to finish in the Road Trial LC2 race. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. In November 2013, he was awarded an €8,000 scholarship from the Madrid Olympic Foundation to support his efforts to qualify for the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
References
External links
Spanish male cyclists
Living people
1978 births
Paralympic gold medalists for Spain
Paralympic silver medalists for Spain
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Cyclists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists from Madrid
Paralympic medalists in cycling
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic cyclists for Spain
|
41031158
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefa%20Ben%C3%ADtez
|
Josefa Benítez
|
Josefa Benítez Guzman (born 30 August 1969 in Barcelona) is a cyclist from Spain.
Personal
In 2013, Benítez was awarded the silver Real Orden al Mérito Deportivo.
Cycling
Benítez competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. She finished second in the road race.
From the Catalan region of Spain, she was a recipient of a 2012 Plan ADO scholarship.
References
External links
Spanish female cyclists
Living people
1969 births
Paralympic silver medalists for Spain
Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists from Barcelona
Plan ADOP alumni
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in cycling
Paralympic cyclists for Spain
21st-century Spanish women
|
41031161
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Andres%20Blanco%20S%C3%A1nchez
|
José Andres Blanco Sánchez
|
José Andres Blanco Sánchez (born 13 April 1958 in Madrid) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He is a type LC3 cyclist. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the Individual Pursuit track LC3 race. He finished third in the Road LC3 race.
References
External links
1958 births
Living people
Spanish male cyclists
Paralympic cyclists for Spain
Paralympic silver medalists for Spain
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Paralympic medalists in cycling
Cyclists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists from Madrid
|
41031163
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa%20del%20Carmen%20Chaves%20Calvo
|
María del Carmen Chaves Calvo
|
María del Carmen Chaves Calvo (born 13 January 1967 in Hospitalet de Llobregat) is a cyclist from Spain. She has a disability: she is blind. She competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. She finished third in the tandem road race.
References
Spanish female cyclists
Living people
1967 births
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Cyclists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in cycling
Paralympic cyclists for Spain
Cyclists from Catalonia
20th-century Spanish women
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41031165
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funambule%20%28album%29
|
Funambule (album)
|
Funambule is the fourth studio album by French slam poet Grand Corps Malade, with musical direction by musician and trumpet player Ibrahim Maalouf. The 13-track album, released 28 October 2013, includes a track featuring Frédéric Yonnet, as well as three duets with Sandra Nkaké, Francis Cabrel and Richard Bohringer.
Funambule is Grand Corps Malade's first album produced with independent record label Believe Recording and Anouche Productions, after he left the commercial AZ label associated with Universal Music France.
The album release came after Grand Corps Malade published his successful book, Patients, which was later adapted into a movie.
Track listing
"Au théâtre" (4:25)
"J'ai mis des mots" (ft Fredéric Yonnet) (3:28)
"Le manège" (4:12)
"Te manquer" (duet with Sandra Nkaké) (4:06)
"Funambule" (4:35)
"Les lignes de la main" (2:14)
"Pause" (3:36)
"Le bout du tunnel" (4:21)
"La traversée" (duet with Francis Cabrel) (4:19)
"Les 5 sens" (3:35)
"Course contre la honte" (duet with Richard Bohringer) (6:19)
"Tant que les gens font l'amour" (4:49)
"Dans les vagues" (4:28) - (Bonus track)
The physical album comes with a booklet titled Funambule by Grand Corps Malade.
Special instrumental edition
The physical album also includes two free CDs; the first contains the musical tracks while the second has instrumental versions of the same songs.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2013 albums
Grand Corps Malade albums
2010s spoken word albums
|
41031166
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel%20%C3%81ngel%20Clemente
|
Miguel Ángel Clemente
|
Miguel Ángel Clemente Solano (born 19 December 1969 in Murcia) is a cyclist from Spain.
Personal
He has a vision impairment. In 2013, he was awarded the bronze Real Orden al Mérito Deportivo.
Cycling
He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling, winning a bronze in the men's visually impaired team pursuit race while racing with guide cyclist Diego Javier Muñoz.
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
Spanish male cyclists
Paralympic cyclists for Spain
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Paralympic medalists in cycling
Cyclists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Murcia
Cyclists from the Region of Murcia
|
41031167
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20D%C3%ADaz%20Montava
|
Manuel Díaz Montava
|
Manuel Díaz Montava (born May 14, 1957, in Alicante) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind. He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics, where he failed to medal. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the tandem road race.
References
Spanish male cyclists
Living people
1957 births
Paralympic gold medalists for Spain
Cyclists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Alicante
Paralympic medalists in cycling
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic cyclists for Spain
Cyclists from the Valencian Community
|
41031171
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Eckhard
|
Maurice Eckhard
|
Maurice Far Eckhard Tió (born 26 July 1983 in Barcelona) is a para-cyclist from Spain.
Personal
Eckhard has cerebral palsy. In 2013, he was awarded the bronze Real Orden al Mérito Deportivo.
Cycling
Eckhard is a C2 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling, where he did not earn a medal. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the third person to finish in the C2 road trial race.
From the Catalan region of Spain, he was a recipient of a 2012 Plan ADO scholarship. In 2013, he was one of seven Paralympic sportspeople to get a 2013/2014 "Iberdrola Foundation Scholarship" that was awarded by the Spanish Paralympic Committee, Iberdrola Foundation, the Spanish Sports Council and the Spanish Ministry of Social Services and Equality. It provided him with €490 a month for the ten academic months of the year.
References
External links
(2004)
(2008)
(2012)
(2016)
1983 births
Living people
Spanish male cyclists
Paralympic cyclists for Spain
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Paralympic medalists in cycling
Cyclists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the European Para Championships
Cyclists from Barcelona
Plan ADOP alumni
|
41031176
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul%20Fern%C3%A1ndez%20Arrizabalaga
|
Raul Fernández Arrizabalaga
|
Raul Fernandez Arrizabalaga (born January 13, 1972, in Luarca) is a cyclist and judo athlete from Spain. He is blind and is a B2 type athlete. He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in judo. He finished third in the Up to 90 kg Open group.
References
Spanish male cyclists
Living people
1972 births
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Cyclists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Judoka at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
People from Valdés, Asturias
Spanish male judoka
Paralympic medalists in judo
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic judoka for Spain
Paralympic cyclists for Spain
Cyclists from Asturias
20th-century Spanish people
|
41031179
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelardo%20Gand%C3%ADa
|
Abelardo Gandía
|
Abelardo Gandía Valdés (born 5 September 1977 in Requena) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a vision impairment. He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics, where he did not medal. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the Tandem Individual Pursuit track race.
References
External links
People from Requena-Utiel
Sportspeople from the Province of Valencia
Spanish male cyclists
Living people
1977 births
Paralympic silver medalists for Spain
Cyclists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists from the Valencian Community
Paralympic medalists in cycling
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic cyclists for Spain
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41031182
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20Garc%C3%ADa%20Mart%C3%ADnez%20%28cyclist%29
|
Antonio García Martínez (cyclist)
|
Antonio Garcia Martinez (born 24 December 1956 in Sevilla) is a Spanish cyclist. He is LC3 type cyclist. He is a chemical engineer. He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics, the 2000 Summer Paralympics, the 2004 Summer Paralympics, and the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the Combined Road (Pursuit / Time Trial) LC3 race.
References
External links
1956 births
Living people
Spanish male cyclists
Paralympic cyclists for Spain
Paralympic gold medalists for Spain
Paralympic medalists in cycling
Cyclists at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Seville
Cyclists from Andalusia
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41031185
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Jos%C3%A9%20M%C3%A9ndez
|
Juan José Méndez
|
Juan José Méndez Fernandez (born 27 March 1964) is a cyclist from Spain who lost part of his left arm and leg in a motorcycle accident.
Personal
Méndez was born on 27 March 1964 in Barcelona, and is from the Catalan region of Spain.
Cycling
Méndez is a C1/LC4 classified cyclist.
Méndez competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the number three cyclists to finish in the Road Trial LC4 race. At the 2005 European Road Cycling Championship, he won a pair of silver medals and a bronze medal. At the 2006 Cycling World Road Championships, he won a bronze medal. At the 2007 World Track Cycling Championships, he earned a bronze medal. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the number two cyclists to finish in the Road Trial LC4 race. He was the number three cyclists to finish in the Individual Pursuit track LC4 race.
Méndez competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling in the Men's Individual C1-2-3 1 km Cycling Time Trial. From the Catalan region of Spain, he was a recipient of a 2012 Plan ADO scholarship. At a two-day para-cycling event in Geneva, Switzerland in December 2013, he finished second in one of the event's races.
References
External links
Juan Jose Mendez's webpage
(2008, 2012)
(2016)
1964 births
Living people
Spanish male cyclists
Paralympic cyclists for Spain
Paralympic silver medalists for Spain
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Paralympic medalists in cycling
Cyclists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Spanish amputees
UCI Para-cycling World Champions
Cyclists from Barcelona
Plan ADOP alumni
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41031189
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Carlos%20Molina%20Merlos
|
Juan Carlos Molina Merlos
|
Juan Carlos Molina Merlos (born 18 July 1974 in Granada) is a cyclist and skier from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind and is a B3 type skier and cyclist.
He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in cycling in the Tandem one bicycle track Pursuit race.
He competed at the 1994 Winter Paralympics in alpine skiing. He finished first in the downhill race. He finished 8 in the Super Giant race. He competed at the 1998 Winter Paralympics. He finished first in the downhill race.
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
Spanish male cyclists
Spanish male alpine skiers
Paralympic gold medalists for Spain
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Paralympic alpine skiers for Spain
Paralympic cyclists for Spain
Paralympic medalists in alpine skiing
Paralympic medalists in cycling
Alpine skiers at the 1994 Winter Paralympics
Alpine skiers at the 1998 Winter Paralympics
Cyclists at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1994 Winter Paralympics
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Paralympics
Sportspeople from Granada
Cyclists from Andalusia
20th-century Spanish people
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41031190
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar%20Neira%20P%C3%A9rez
|
César Neira Pérez
|
César Neira Pérez (born 15 December 1979) is a cyclist from Spain.
Personal
Neira was born on 15 December 1979 in Cadalso de los Vidrios, Madrid. He has cerebral palsy.
Cycling
Neira is a C4 classified cyclist. He started as a road cyclist. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the number one cyclists to finish in the Road Trial race. He won a bronze in the Individual Pursuit track race. He also competed in cycling at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and 2016 Summer Paralympics.
References
External links
(2008, 2012)
(2016)
1979 births
Living people
Spanish male cyclists
Paralympic cyclists for Spain
Paralympic gold medalists for Spain
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Paralympic medalists in cycling
Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists from the Community of Madrid
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41031191
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banja%20Monastery
|
Banja Monastery
|
The Banja Monastery () is a Serbian Orthodox Monastery located near Priboj, Serbia. Monastery Banja presents Cultural Monument of Exceptional Importance in Serbia.
History
Time of founding of the monastery is unknown, but the first historical sources (Studenica Typicon) mention it in the 12th century. In 1220 Banja became center of Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Dabar. There are three churches within the monastery, the Church of St. Nicholas, of St. Eliah and the Church of Ascension of the Holy Virgin. St. Nicholas Church, the main monastery church, was founded by King Stefan Dečanski (r. 1322–31) in 1329. The original church was burned during the Ottoman invasion. The church was restored in 1570 and gained its present look in 1904 when the last restoration took place. The monastery was not only center of the bishopric but the mausoleum of Vojnović noble family.
See also
Cultural Monuments of Exceptional Importance
Tourism in Serbia
Serbian Orthodox Church
Priboj
References
Bibliography
External links
14th-century Serbian Orthodox church buildings
Serbian Orthodox monasteries in Serbia
Nemanjić dynasty endowments
Priboj
Cultural Monuments of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)
1329 establishments in Europe
Religious organizations established in the 1320s
Christian monasteries established in the 14th century
Medieval Serbian Orthodox monasteries
Gothic architecture in Serbia
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41031192
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxime%20De%20Zeeuw
|
Maxime De Zeeuw
|
Maxime De Zeeuw (born 26 April 1987) is a Belgian professional basketball player for Limburg United of the BNXT League. De Zeeuw usually plays at the power forward position. He has also been a member of the Belgian national basketball team, whom he played with at the European championships of 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017.
Professional career
During the 2013-2014 EuroChallenge campaign with his team Antwerp Giants, De Zeeuw was awarded the title of European Player of the Year and Best Defensive Player of the Year by Eurobasket.com.
De Zeeuw had an impressive 2013–14 season , in which he was named Belgian Player of the Year.
For the 2014–15 season, De Zeeuw signed a contract with Acea Roma of the Italian LBA.
For the 2015–16 season, De Zeeuw signed with the Czech team ČEZ Nymburk of EuroCup.
On 29 June 2016 De Zeeuw signed with EWE Baskets Oldenburg of the Basketball Bundesliga.
On 16 July 2018 De Zeeuw signed a two-year deal with Monbus Obradoiro of the Liga ACB. He averaged 3.4 points and 2.0 rebounds per game in the 2019-20 season.
On 19 September 2020 De Zeeuw signed with Stelmet Zielona Góra of the PLK and the VTB United League. On 28 September 2020, without playing a single game, his contract has been terminated by mutual agreement.
On 23 November 2020 he signed with Hapoel Holon of the Israeli Basketball Premier League.
On 27 January 2022 De Zeeuw signed with New Basket Brindisi of the Lega Basket Serie A.
On 1 July 2022 he signed with Limburg United of the BNXT League.
International career
He represented Belgium at the EuroBasket 2015 where they lost to Greece in eighth finals with 75–54.
References
External links
Eurobasket.com profile
1987 births
Living people
Antwerp Giants players
Basketball Nymburk players
Belgian expatriate basketball people in Germany
Belgian expatriate basketball people in Italy
Belgian expatriate basketball people in Spain
Belgian men's basketball players
Belgium national basketball players
Brussels Basketball players
EWE Baskets Oldenburg players
Gent Hawks players
Lega Basket Serie A players
Liga ACB players
Limburg United players
New Basket Brindisi players
Obradoiro CAB players
Pallacanestro Virtus Roma players
People from Uccle
Power forwards (basketball)
RBC Pepinster players
Sportspeople from Brussels
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41031201
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena%20Mar%C3%ADa%20del%20Rocio%20Padrones%20Nieto
|
Elena María del Rocio Padrones Nieto
|
Elena Maria del Rocio Padrones Nieto (born 2 May 1973 in Valladolid) is a cyclist from Spain. She has a vision impairment. She competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. She finished third in the tandem road race.
References
External links
1973 births
Living people
Spanish female cyclists
Paralympic cyclists for Spain
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Paralympic medalists in cycling
Cyclists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists from Castile and León
Sportspeople from Valladolid
20th-century Spanish women
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41031202
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawood%20v%20Minister%20of%20Home%20Affairs
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Dawood v Minister of Home Affairs
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Dawood v Minister of Home Affairs is an important case in South African law, particularly in the areas of constitutional litigation, constitutional law and immigration law. The applicants were South African citizens and their spouses, who were neither citizens nor permanent residents of South Africa. The case examined the constitutional right of spouses to cohabit and the need for Parliament, when granting government officials powers that touch on constitutional rights, to lay down proper guidelines.
The case concerned an application to the Constitutional Court for confirmation of an order of constitutional invalidity, but the government had withdrawn its opposition to the order of confirmation. This, the court held, did not put an end to the proceedings; the court still had to determine whether to confirm, vary or set aside the order. Furthermore, the court had to determine what, if any, ancillary orders to make, and the relevant government department was best placed to assist the court in this regard. The court held that, if this is not done, its ability to carry out its constitutional mandate is hampered; indeed, the constitutional scheme itself is put at risk.
Facts
Section 25(9) of the Aliens Control Act required applicants for immigration permits to be outside of South Africa when their permits were granted, but it exempted spouses, permanent same-sex life partners, dependant children and destitute, aged or infirm family members of South African citizens and permanent residents: these people were permitted to remain in the country pending the outcome of their applications, provided they had valid temporary residence permits.
Judgment
Withdrawal of government opposition
Justice Kate O'Regan, writing for a unanimous Court, noted that the Minister and Director-General were respectively the political and administrative heads of the national government department responsible for the implementation of the Act, and the foremost sources of knowledge about its terms and objectives and general application. Their last-minute abandonment, both of their appeal and of their opposition to the confirmation proceedings, was "inconvenient and discourteous," O'Regan wrote.
"Much more serious" in its consequences was the absence of legal representation on behalf of the respondents at the hearing. Where the confirmation of an order of constitutional invalidity was under consideration by the court, O'Regan held, the abandonment of an appeal did not put an end to the proceedings. The court still had to decide whether to confirm or vary or set aside the order. Moreover, the Court had to determine what ancillary orders should be made, if any. The relevant government department was best placed to assist the court in crafting such ancillary orders, by informing it of the potential disruption that an order of invalidity might cause. A common or frequent issue arising in such matters was the time the department would need to replace the unconstitutional provision.
Section 8(2) of the Constitutional Court Complementary Act provides that, when an order of constitutional invalidity is referred to the Constitutional Court for confirmation, the President of the Court may request the Minister of Justice to appoint counsel to present argument to the court at the confirmation proceedings. This provision, O'Regan wrote, "enables the Court to ensure that it obtains the necessary argument in relation to such proceedings." By withdrawing from these proceedings "at such a late stage," the respondents had not only deprived the court of the benefit of being able to canvass the issues relating to confirmation fully at the proceedings, but also had made it "impossible," she wrote, for the President of the Court to ask the Minister of Justice to appoint counsel to assist the court.
In the constitutional scheme, which "recognises the separation of powers, holds high the rule of law and enjoins all organs of State to protect the Constitution," the Constitutional Court had "the special and onerous responsibility" finally to determine the constitutionality of legislation, and to declare unconstitutional legislation invalid. The court could best carry out this task if careful and detailed evidence and argument was placed before it by those in government qualified to do so, particularly when legislation was under challenge. If this is not done, "the Court's ability to perform its constitutional mandate is hampered and the constitutional scheme itself may be put at risk. It is for these reasons," O'Regan wrote, "that the late abandonment of the appeal and the absence of the respondents at the confirmation hearing were unfortunate."
Merits
O'Regan noted that there was no automatic entitlement to such temporary permits. Each application was to be considered on its merits, and the grant or extension of a temporary-residence permit to a foreign spouse might be refused. The South African spouse would then be forced to go abroad with the foreign spouse or remain behind alone, pending the outcome of the application. Many were too poor to have this choice, and had to remain in South Africa without their spouses. Enforced separation, O'Regan found, places strain on any relationship, and may destroy the marriage relationship altogether.
Although the right to family life is not expressly mentioned in the Bill of Rights, such right is constitutionally protected. The right to family life is recognised in international treaties and receives protection in a variety of ways, while marriage and the family are of vital importance to society. Also, human dignity, entrenched in section 10 of the Bill of Rights, is of fundamental importance to South African society and constitutional interpretation, especially because of the country's past, when it was routinely and cruelly denied. Human dignity, O'Regan observed, is a foundational value which informs the interpretation of many, perhaps all, other rights.
The right to enter into and sustain permanent intimate relationships, furthermore, is part of the right to dignity. Entering into and sustaining a marriage relationship are of defining significance for many people. Not only legislation that prohibits the right to form a marriage relationship infringes the right to dignity; any legislation that significantly impairs the ability of spouses to honour their obligations to one another would also limit such a right. A central aspect of marriage, she found, is cohabitation and the right and duty to live together. She held that legislation which significantly impairs the ability to honour this obligation therefore constitutes a limitation of the right to dignity.
There may be, O'Regan conceded, constitutionally acceptable reasons for refusing the grant or extension of a temporary residence permit, but they were not identified in the Act. The legislature must identify the policy considerations that would render a refusal of a temporary residence-permit justifiable. It must take care to limit the risk of an unconstitutional exercise of the discretionary powers it confers, as it has a constitutional obligation to “respect, promote, protect and fulfil the rights in the Bill of Rights.” The omission from the Aliens Control Act of criteria relevant to a refusal to grant or extend temporary residence permits introduced an element of arbitrariness that was inconsistent with the constitutional protection of the right to marry and establish a family.
Section 25(9)(b) was therefore found to be invalid, the invalidation being suspended for two years. In the meantime officials, when dealing with applications for the granting or extension of temporary residence permits of spouses of South African citizens or permanent residents, and the other persons exempted, must take into account the constitutional rights of such people, and issue or extend temporary residence permits to them unless good cause exists to refuse: for example, where even the temporary issue or extension of a permit would constitute a real threat to the public.
See also
Constitutional litigation in South Africa
South African constitutional law
South African immigration law
References
Dawood and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Others; Shalabi and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Others; Thomas and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Others (CCT35/99) [2000] ZACC 8; 2000 (3) SA 936; 2000 (8) BCLR 837 (7 June 2000).
Notes
2000 in South African case law
South African constitutional law
Constitutional Court of South Africa cases
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41031203
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa%20Bel%C3%A9n%20Perez%20Sanchez
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María Belén Perez Sanchez
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María Belén Perez Sanchez (born 5 January 1973 in Granada) is a cyclist from Spain. She has a vision impairment. She competed at the 1992 summer Paralympics and 1996 Summer Paralympics. She finished second in the Tandem Road Race. She finished third in the Tandem Individual Pursuit track race.
References
Spanish female cyclists
Living people
1973 births
Paralympic silver medalists for Spain
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
Cyclists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Granada
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in cycling
Paralympic cyclists for Spain
Cyclists from Andalusia
20th-century Spanish women
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41031205
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel%20Camillo%20Eitzen%20%281883%E2%80%931968%29
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Axel Camillo Eitzen (1883–1968)
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Axel Camillo Eitzen (27 July 1883 – 1 November 1968) was a Norwegian ship-owner.
He was born in Tønsberg as a son of ship-owner Axel Camillo Eitzen and Caroline Johanne Hansen (1857–1911). In 1911 he married Frida Falch, a daughter of a pharmacist in Larvik.
He finished secondary education in 1901, and then embarked on lengthy commercial studies in England, Germany, France and Belgium. In 1914 he became a co-owner in the family company Camillo Eitzen & Co., founded in 1883 and since growing to a major corporation. It was renamed to Tschudi & Eitzen in 1936.
His brother Johan emigrated to Uruguay to pursue enterprises there. Axel Camillo Eitzen died in 1968 and was buried at Ris.
References
1883 births
1968 deaths
People from Tønsberg
Norwegian businesspeople in shipping
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