id
stringlengths 1
8
| url
stringlengths 31
381
| title
stringlengths 1
211
| text
stringlengths 11
513k
|
|---|---|---|---|
41047406
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolph%20Matulis
|
Adolph Matulis
|
Adolph John Matulis (August 3, 1920 – May 25, 2002) was an American college athlete at the University of Arizona who earned varsity letters in baseball, basketball, and football. He went on to a minor league baseball career as a pitcher and player-manager.
College athletics
Matulis earned varsity letters for the Arizona Wildcats football team in 1940 and 1941; the 1941 Wildcats were champions of the Border Conference. He joined the team as a freshman in 1940 and was originally a fullback. He later played quarterback for the team. He also played baseball and basketball for the school, lettering on each of those teams in 1941.
Professional baseball
Listed at and , Matulis threw and batted right-handed.
Playing career
Matulis pitched in the Chicago Cubs system in 1942 and from 1946 to 1952. With the Class-B Madison Blues of the Three-I League in 1942, he had a 9–13 win–loss record with a 4.39 earned run average (ERA) in 37 games. He tied for second in the league in losses and was third in games started. As a hitter, he batted .200 (13-for-65).
After serving in the military, Matulis returned to professional baseball in 1946, playing for the Class-A Macon Peaches of the South Atlantic League (SAL). He went 17–15 with a 3.39 ERA on the mound and contributed a .206 batting average. That year, he led the SAL in losses, appearances, hits allowed and earned runs allowed. Matulis pitched for the Double-A Nashville Volunteers of the Southern Association in 1947, going 8–9 with a 5.18 ERA in 38 appearances. He also had a .167 batting average. In 1948, he hit .358 (76-for-212) with four home runs and a .514 slugging percentage for the Class-D Elizabethton Betsy Cubs of the Appalachian League. He also went 1–4 with a 4.50 ERA in 22 appearances on the mound.
Matulis played for the Class-C Clinton Steers of the Central Association and the Class-D Janesville Cubs of the Wisconsin State League in 1949. He hit a combined .256 in 71 games, and had a 3–2 record pitching with Janesville, with a 2.45 ERA in 16 games. He spent all of the 1950 and 1951 seasons with Janesville, with pitching records of 12–6 and 4–4, and batting averages of .300 and .305, respectively. In 1950, He led the Wisconsin State League in ERA (1.84). In 1952, Matulis' final season, he played for the Class-C Topeka Owls of the Western Association, where he was 9–2 with a 5.07 ERA in 15 appearances as a pitcher. At the plate, he hit .295 with two home runs.
Overall, Matulis played eight years in the minor leagues, going 63–55 with a 3.86 ERA in 214 pitching appearances. In 1,078 innings pitched, he allowed 1,125 hits and 461 walks. As a batter, he hit .282 with 13 home runs in 1,007 at bats.
Managerial career
Matulis was a player-manager for part of five seasons. His first season managing was 1948, when he led Elizabethton to a 64–61 fifth-place finish. In 1949, he was one of three managers for Janesville, and one of two managers for Clinton. In 1950, he led Janesville to a 70–54 third-place finish and a berth in the playoffs, where the team lost in the final round. He managed Janesville to a 56–64 seventh-place finish in 1951. In 1952, he managed Topeka to a 63–76 record.
Personal life
Matulis was born in 1920 in East Chicago, Indiana. He did not play in professional baseball from 1943 to 1945, due to World War II. He enlisted in the United States Army as a private on October 22, 1942. He served as a corporal for the 12th Armored Division, where he continued to play baseball as well as basketball. After his sports career, he worked for and retired from a brewery. Matulis was inducted to the East Chicago Athletic Hall of Fame. He died in May 2002, aged 81; a widower, he was survived by a daughter.
Notes
References
External links
1920 births
2002 deaths
Minor league baseball managers
Arizona Wildcats football players
Arizona Wildcats baseball players
Arizona Wildcats men's basketball players
Madison Blues players
Macon Peaches players
Nashville Vols players
Elizabethton Betsy Cubs players
Janesville Cubs players
Topeka Owls players
Clinton Steers players
United States Army personnel of World War II
|
41047407
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaliscoa
|
Jaliscoa
|
Jaliscoa may refer to:
Jaliscoa (plant), a flowering plant genus in the family Asteraceae
Jaliscoa (wasp), a wasp genus in the family Pteromalidae
|
41047431
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DaneAge%20Association
|
DaneAge Association
|
The DaneAge Association (Danish: Ældre Sagen) is a Danish nonprofit membership organization that works for the protection of senior citizens' interests in the society. It was founded in 1986 and has about 650,000 members (2013).
Organisation
DaneAge has 217 local chapters across Denmark. Some 14,000 volunteers do voluntary social work, arrange local membership activities, local advocacy, etc.
Headquarters
The association's headquarters is located on the corner of Nørre Voldgade and Nørregade in central Copenhagen. It maintains a staff of about 100. The artist Bjørn Nørgaard has decorated the interior of the building. He has also designed a proposed glass dome which will create a new public space with views of the city centre. The plans were announced in 2013.
Magazine
Dane Age publishes the magazine Ældre Sagen Nu six times a year. It claims to be read by one third of all Danes aged 50+, placing it in the top three of all Danish magazines.
References
External links
Official website
Political advocacy groups in Denmark
Organizations based in Copenhagen
1986 establishments in Denmark
Organizations established in 1986
|
41047432
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Ram%C3%ADrez%20de%20Arellano
|
José Ramírez de Arellano
|
José Ramírez de Arellano, also José Ramírez Benavides, ( 1705 – March 27, 1770), was a Spanish Baroque architect and sculptor.
Early life
Ramírez was a member of a family of artists from Aragon. He was the son of the sculptor Juan Ramírez Mejandre, and brother of sculptor Manuel Ramírez de Arellano and painter Juan Ramírez de Arellano. He was a director of the first Academy of Drawing of Aragon, founded by his father in 1714, where he was assisted by prominent artists of Zaragoza, as José Luzán who taught Francisco Goya in his first apprenticeship.
Career
In 1740, Ramírez was appointed Sculptor to the King (Charles III of Spain). In 1751, he was commissioned to manage the works of Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar, where he met several renowned artists of that time who were hired to assist in its construction, including the painter Antonio González Velázquez (commissioned to paint the dome above the temple), and Ventura Rodríguez, who delegated almost entirely to Ramírez the building of the tabernacle. From 1752, he moved his home and workshop to Zaragoza which was run by him and his brother Manuel.
Later years
In 1755, Ramírez married Michelle Heras Diego and with whom he had three children who reached adulthood. He became the Royal Academician of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in 1758. He died in Zaragoza in 1770.
External links and references
Ramirez Family in the Great Aragon Encyclopedia (Spanish)
1705 births
1770 deaths
18th-century Spanish sculptors
18th-century Spanish male artists
18th-century Spanish architects
Artists from Zaragoza
Spanish Baroque sculptors
Spanish male sculptors
|
41047442
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%20in%20Belgium
|
1972 in Belgium
|
Events from the year 1972 in Belgium.
Incumbents
Monarch: Baudouin
Prime Minister: Gaston Eyskens
Events
8 May – Sabena Flight 571
18 June – UEFA Euro 1972 final tournament at Heysel Stadium
12 to 14 November – Cyclone Quimburga
Publications
Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 37 (supplement 9).
OECD, Economic Surveys: Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union
David Owen Kieft, Belgium's Return to Neutrality: An Essay in the Frustration of Small Power Diplomacy (Oxford, Clarendon Press)
Robert Senelle, La révision de la Constitution, 1967-1971 (Brussels, Ministère des affaires étrangères)
P. de Stexhe, La révision de la Constitution belge, 1968-1971 (Brussels and Namur, Larcier and Société d’études morales, sociales et juridiques)
P. Wigny, La troisième révision de la Constitution (Brussels, Bruylant)
Births
1 February – Johan Walem, footballer
28 March – Anja Lenaers, cyclist
29 March – Jef Desmedt, equestrian
13 May – Stefaan Maene, swimmer
24 May – Mimount Bousakla, politician
26 May – Jef Aerts, author
23 September – Sam Bettens, musician
15 October – Sandra Kim, singer
27 October – Anke Van dermeersch, beauty queen
6 December – Alex Callier, musician
Deaths
5 January – Gérard Devos, footballer
21 January – André Fierens, footballer
17 February – François Devries, footballer
30 March – Raymond Decorte, cyclist
17 April – Jan Engels, cyclist
5 June – Louis Mottiat, cyclist
7 July – Camille Tihon, archivist
20 December – Karel Kaers, cyclist
References
1970s in Belgium
Years of the 20th century in Belgium
|
41047447
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawnbrokers%20in%20Hong%20Kong
|
Pawnbrokers in Hong Kong
|
In 2014, there were 200 pawnbrokers in Hong Kong, with the number increasing over the next several years. Pawn shops are some of the oldest businesses in Hong Kong. The pawn shops themselves have several prominent features, including a screen to block the view of passersby, as well as a high counter. Additionally, these shops are governed by strict regulations, such as having to keep records of all transactions and being obliged to report any suspicious items to the authorities.
History
There have been pawnbrokers in Hong Kong for over 200 years. According to the Guangdong Annals, there were 16 pawnbrokers in 1821 - the oldest of them was Jeun Yun Aat (). In 1837, the Yuen Long bazaar had its market days on the third, sixth, and ninth days of each month of the lunar calendar - discounts on those days were common. In 1926, the Hong Kong government strengthened its regulations on pawnshops and drafted pawn legislation. Since then, pawnbrokers are required to operate as licensed establishments. As a result, the industry's appeal was widened.
The activities of the pawnbrokers were limited by the Japanese during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong in the Second World War. In 1943, Japan required Hong Kong to use Japanese military currency as a medium of exchange. When the Japanese surrendered in 1945, their currency was considered to be useless, and many people went to a pawnbroker to obtain some native currency for use in their daily transactions. To ensure that money was circulated, the Hong Kong Government urged the pawnbroking industry to revive itself; with government support, the Hong Kong & Kowloon Pawnbrokers' Association Limited was established in 1947 - at the time, there were only 11 members. Between 1950 and 1960, the number of members increased to more than 90, reaching 138 in 1994. As of 2013, the Association has more than 161 members; combined with non-member pawnshops, there are approximately 250 pawn shops in Hong Kong. Pawnshops are mainly located on Hong Kong Island, particularly Central and Kowloon. Because of this, and because many jewelry and goldsmith shops are located in Central, mortgage and loan facilities are more commonly found there than anywhere else in Hong Kong.
Features of Hong Kong pawnshops
Dong zung
A dong zung () is a large rectangular wooden screen, similar to a pair of doors, located right behind the entrance of the pawn shop. The screen is tall enough to block passers-by from seeing inside. Clients can be concealed by the board to avoid recognition.
Pawning counter
The counter of the pawnshop, which is behind the tall board, is typically taller than the average person. There are window frames in the counter. Clients need to hand over their mortgaged properties at the pawning counter. This design is meant to emphasize the superior status of the pawnbroker in the transaction. Another reason for setting a high counter is for security, as it is hard for passers-by and clients to see the environment and workers inside the pawnshop.
Names of pawnshops
Pawnshops are considered to be a traditional industry in China. The majority of the shops use names including words meaning harmonious (for example 'tung' (同), 'wo' (和)) and/or prosperous (for example 'chang' (昌), 'fat' (發), 'fung' (豐)). The idea behind such a name is to encourage a flourishing business.
Regulations
In order to prevent the sale of stolen property in pawnshops, Hong Kong law stipulates that pawnshops must undergo strict verification and registration of prospective clients' Hong Kong identity card looking to pawn items. Pawnshops must keep digital records of all exchanges, and if any suspicious items are found in the pawnshop, the shop must immediately notify the local authorities.
Terms used
Ceot Zat (): Clients offering up items to be pawned.
Ji Suk Gung/Ciu Fung (): A worker who identifies and appraises the pawned goods.
Maa Zi (): The number sheet used to track exchanges.
Zaap Gaa (): Clocks, antiques, etc.
Jyut Lik (): The lunar calendar - since months for the lunar calendar are one to two days shorter than the solar calendar, if a pawnee repays the loan one day later than the deadline, they need to pay the next month's interest.
Lau Dong Ban (): The deadline for repaying loans and getting back the pawned item(s) ends.
Leoi Gung Gwang (): The mortgage interest.
Ze Cau Baan (): A big shield standing in front of the main gate, used to hide the inside of the store.
Gau Ceot Sap Saam Gwai (): The method pawn shops use to calculate interest; for example, when the pawn is worth about 10 dollars, only nine dollars will be lent and in the end, thirteen dollars will be needed to repay the loan.
See also
Tung Tak Pawn Shop
References
Further reading
Retailing in Hong Kong
Pawn shops
Retail financial services
|
41047448
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Zingari
|
The Zingari
|
The Zingari was an early weekly newspaper of the Cape Colony, which printed in Cape Town from 1870 until 1875. It was a low-brow, semi-humorous paper that never attained a wide circulation, but was notable for featuring some of the first satirical cartoons in southern Africa. It was also an overtly pro-imperialist publication, appealing to the right-wing of the political spectrum of the time.
Publication
The Zingari was founded by Charles Cowen, who was to be the newspaper's editor for the duration of its publication. The first run was beset with technical problems, and only 300 copies were printed. Cowen therefore approached the large and established printing house of Saul Solomon, the owner of the mainstream Cape Argus newspaper. Solomon permitted the use of his printing house though, as a liberal MP himself, he was often the main figure attacked by the Zingari in its sketches and columns.
The name, "Zingari", is a dialectal Italian word meaning "Gypsies", but in its sketches the paper always represented itself with the character of a medieval jester.
Political stance
The Zingari took a strongly reactionary, pro-imperialist stance, in opposition to the mainstream newspapers such as the Cape Argus and The South African Commercial Advertiser (which both tended to favour local self-government and an expansion of the multi-racial Cape Qualified Franchise).
It was one of the few publications which opposed the movement for "Responsible Government" (locally elected democracy) which it accused of being "crafts and assaults of the devil" which would bring about a "great conflagration".
When the movement's leader came to power in 1872, the Zingari became one of the most extreme voices of opposition against the local government, and in favour of a stronger British imperial presence in southern Africa.
Editorial cartoons
The Zingari was notable for featuring some of the earliest examples of political cartoons in southern Africa. Its first few editions were illustrated with sketches by CJM Smith and William McGill, but McGill's young student, William Howard Schröder, took over as cartoonist in 1871.
Under Cowen's direction, Schröder also initiated a portrait gallery of the influential figures of the country at the time. Each edition featured a portrait and biography at the back, beginning in June 1871 with the leader of the House of Assembly John Molteno.
References
online The Schröder Art Memento (1893) - Leo Weinthal (editor)
Defunct newspapers published in South Africa
Mass media in Cape Town
Newspapers established in 1870
Publications disestablished in 1875
1870 establishments in the Cape Colony
1875 disestablishments in the Cape Colony
|
41047452
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid%20City%2C%20Black%20Hills%20and%20Western%20Railroad
|
Rapid City, Black Hills and Western Railroad
|
The Rapid City, Black Hills and Western Railroad, also known simply as the Black Hills and Western Railroad and commonly referred to as the Rapid Canyon Line or the Crouch Line, is a defunct standard gauge freight railroad line that operated in the Black Hills in the U.S. state of South Dakota. The railroad became known throughout the area for its crookedness and later became a tourist attraction. It ran from Rapid City to Mystic for a distance of 36.043 miles. The railroad ceased operations in 1947.
Naming
Though the official name is the Rapid City, Black Hills and Western Railroad, many sources refer to it as simply the Black Hills and Western Railroad. It is also called the Crouch Line, in honor of its founder, C.D. Crouch. Through the years, the line's name varied as it switched owners. These names were as follows: Dakota & Wyoming Railroad; Missouri River & North Western Railroad; Dakota, Western & Missouri River Railroad; Dakota, Wyoming and Western Railroad; Dakota Pacific Railroad; Dakota, Wyoming & Missouri River Railroad; Black Hills & Missouri River Railroad; and Black Hills & Wyoming Railroad.
History
The Crouch Line was one of many railroads in the Black Hills that experienced the area's boom and bust. Most of these early railroads were short-lived, and the main reason for the failures was flash flooding. The Crouch Line entered the planning stages in the early 1890s, with the purpose of connecting Rapid City to the central Black Hills. The initial line from Rapid City to Dark Canyon was completed in 1893. In 1896, C.D. Crouch raised money to extend the line to Mystic. Crouch also hoped to later extend the line into Wyoming and to the Missouri River. Construction on the line from Dark Canyon to Mystic began in 1901 and was completed in 1906, and a celebration was held on May 27, 1906. In June 1907, a flood wiped out a small portion of the line, but by late 1907, the railroad had been repaired.
During the night of November 15, 1907, a bridge in a narrow gorge located north of Silver City caught fire as a train approached. Engineer Almore Harper could not stop the train; it is speculated that he jumped before the wreck. The fireman was killed, but both Harper and the conductor survived. A few of the rear cars stayed on the track, while the rest of the train fell into the creek below. The train had been hauling coal from Sheridan, Wyoming to Rapid City, and 3 cars of coal ignited shortly after the wreck.
The railroad received a widespread reputation for its crookedness; it was once called the "crookedest line in the world", and some accounts claimed that there were bends in the line that allowed the engineer and brakeman in the caboose to shake hands. Some rails were specially manufactured to be bent before they were placed, in order to fit the bends. 105 bridges were built over Rapid Creek in only 26 miles.
In February 1908 Crouch Line employees in Rapid City, S.D. reported that a boxcar loaded with building materials on the Milwaukee railroad became uncoupled and rolled away from the station. This unplanned departure began just northeast of the Crouch Line depot. The runaway boxcar was not stopped until it reached Creston, S.D., by the action of telegraph operator H. C. Troth who blocked the track with wood.
From 1910 to 1913, the line flourished, hauling Wyoming coal. On June 30, 1917, the railroad had 3 steam locomotives, 3 passenger cars, 7 pieces of work equipment, and 8 freight cars. There were about 32.4 miles of track on the main line and another 4.7 miles of sidings and yard tracks. No property had been constructed by the line.
By 1920, the railroad was having significant financial difficulties, but local businessman and politician James Halley II helped the railroad continue operations. By 1940, it had evolved solely into a tourist attraction, offering ride tours for as much as $2.70 per person. The Crouch Line was the longest-lasting of its kind in the Black Hills, operating until 1946. Most of the railroad has been taken up or destroyed, especially after the 1972 Black Hills flood. The portion of the route that ran from Pactola to Mystic has been converted into a hiking trail, which starts at Silver City.
A collection of 12 photographs taken by rail photographer Otto Perry (1894-1970) of Crouch Line rail equipment used from 1933-1947 is held in the Denver, CO public library's Special Collections.
In summer 2013, the Crouch Line was featured in an exhibit in the Adelstein Gallery in The Journey Museum in Rapid City.
Route
The railroad started on the west side of Rapid City, South Dakota. It continued along the north shore of Canyon Lake and ran up Rapid Canyon through Johnson Siding, Hisega, Big Bend, and Canyon City. From there, it ran to Pactola (which is now submerged under Pactola Lake) and on to Silver City, and followed Rapid Creek to its final stop at Mystic. There, it connected to the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, which ran north towards Deadwood, Lead, and Spearfish Canyon and south towards Hill City; the Chicago & Northwestern Railway; and the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad.
The present-day South Dakota Highway 44 closely follows the old path of the Crouch Line. US 385 crosses over the old path at Pactola Lake.
See also
Black Hills Central Railroad
List of defunct railroads of North America
References
Defunct South Dakota railroads
Railway lines closed in 1946
Black Hills
Standard gauge railways in the United States
Railway lines opened in 1893
Transportation in Pennington County, South Dakota
1893 establishments in South Dakota
1946 disestablishments in South Dakota
|
41047467
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Digger%20%28alternative%20magazine%29
|
The Digger (alternative magazine)
|
The Digger was an alternative magazine published in Australia between August 1972 and December 1975. It was established by Phillip Frazer, Bruce Hanford, and Jon Hawkes. Notable contributors included Ron Cobb, Ian McCausland, Bob Daly, Patrick Cook, Beatrice Faust, Ponch Hawkes, Helen Garner, Michael Leunig, Anne Summers, Neil McLean, and Phil Pinder. The headquarters was in Carlton, Victoria.
Background
With Frazer as the common thread, The Digger was produced by a frequently changing collective—including Bruce Hanford, Helen Garner, Ponch Hawkes, Jenny (Jewel) Brown, Colin Talbot, Garrie Hutchinson, Virginia Fraser, Hall Greenland, Grant Evans, and Michael Zerman in the Sydney office—until December 1975, when it folded under the weight of too little money and too many lawsuits: a libel suit from Builders Labourers union boss Norm Gallagher, another filed by the head of the South Australian Police, and an obscenity case brought by the State of Victoria for Helen Garner's article describing a sex-education class. Frazer left Australia for the United States in July 1976, and has been a publisher, editor, and writer in both countries ever since. Frazer's blog coorabellridge.com includes numerous posts of articles and graphics from The Digger archive.
Helen Garner wrote an October 1972 essay article for The Digger under a pen name, in which she chronicled a spontaneous sex education lesson she gave to her 13-year-old students while working as a teacher at Fitzroy High School. In the article, Garner revealed that she had intended to give a lesson on Ancient Greece, but the textbooks given to her students had been defaced with sexually explicit imagery. As a result of those images, the class posed questions relating to sex to Garner, who decided to allow an uninhibited discussion based on their questions, which she vowed to answer accurately.
When her identity was revealed, she was called into the Victorian Department of Education and fired on the spot. The case was widely publicised in Melbourne, bringing Garner a degree of notoriety. Her colleagues, along with members of the Victorian Secondary Teachers Association, went on strike in protest at the deputy director of Secondary Education's decision to fire Garner. As a result of her dismissal as a teacher, she began writing, and published the cult classic novel Monkey Grip six years later, which established her writing career.
References
External links
The Digger on Milesago
1972 establishments in Australia
1975 disestablishments in Australia
Alternative magazines
Defunct political magazines published in Australia
English-language magazines
Magazines established in 1972
Magazines disestablished in 1975
Magazines published in Melbourne
|
41047475
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen%20Shi-shuenn
|
Chen Shi-shuenn
|
Chen Shi-shuenn () is a Taiwanese engineer and politician. He has been the Minister of the Public Construction Commission (PCC) of the Executive Yuan since 22 October 2013.
Education
Chen holds a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from National Taiwan University, a master's degree in civil engineering from University of Delaware and a doctoral degree in civil engineering from the University of California, Berkeley in the United States.
Early career
He was a professor of construction engineering at National Taiwan University of Science and Technology.
Political career
In 1995–1996, Chen was the Deputy Director-General of the National Expressway Engineering Bureau of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications. In 1999–2001, he was the member of Disaster Prevention and Safety Committee of the Ministry of the Interior. In 2005–2009, he was the member of Public Construction Commission.
References
Living people
Political office-holders in the Republic of China on Taiwan
National Taiwan University alumni
University of Delaware alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Taiwanese civil engineers
Presidents of universities and colleges in Taiwan
Academic staff of the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
|
41047497
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butrointsi%20Point
|
Butrointsi Point
|
Butrointsi Point (, ‘Nos Butrointsi’ \'nos bu-'tro-in-tsi\) is the ice-free tipped point on the southeast side of the entrance to Kotev Cove on the northeast coast of Two Hummock Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.
The point is named after the settlement of Butrointsi in Western Bulgaria.
Location
Butrointsi Point is located at , which is 2.55 km southeast of Wauters Point, 7.38 km north of Veyka Point, and 31.8 km west by south of Cape Sterneck (Herschel) on the Antarctic Peninsula. British mapping in 1978.
Maps
British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 64 60. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, UK, 1978.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), 1993–2016.
References
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
Butrointsi Point. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
External links
Butrointsi Point. Copernix satellite image
Two Hummock Island
Headlands of the Palmer Archipelago
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
|
41047507
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%20D%20Singh%20Foundation
|
K D Singh Foundation
|
KD Singh Foundation is an Indian private foundation established in March 2013 by Dr. K. D. Singh, Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha. Its statutory aims are in the field of women empowerment, education, and health.
Organization
The K D singh Foundation is a private foundation headquartered in Gurgaon, Haryana, India with a vision to transform victims of sexual abuse to lead a healthy and happy life after the incident.
The cell engages with survivors to provide them with adequate medical, legal and rehabilitation aid to enable them to seek justice and restore their life. The rape cell provided aid to 113 rape victims across 17 districts in Haryana till November 2013.
Currently the foundation is expanding its operations including educational counselling for young men and women in rural Haryana, awareness workshops on maternal health, medical camps and other forms of educational and health related community initiatives.
Projects
Support Cell for Rape Victims
With the alarming rise of crimes against woman the foundation established a Support Cell for Rape Victims wherein comprehensive support is offered to rape survivors including but not limited to the state of Haryana. The foundation was born out of a clear vision on 25 March 2013 to provide every necessary rehabilitation and relief support to rape survivors.
The foundation comprehensively supports survivors helping them legally, medically, financially and psychologically. Until now, KD Singh Foundation has offered free medical support to 5 rape survivors, legal support to 73 and education support to 5 rape survivors. The foundation has also promised educational support to 63 survivors, Vocational Training support to 12 and marriage support to 28 rape survivors.
The Cell operates a toll-free help line number 1800-200-2056 where victims or anyone who is a witness to such crime can contact 24*7 and report a rape
Youth Counselling Center
Haryana is one such state where unemployment among youth is rampantly visible. Falling levels of education coupled with no improvement in the number of dedicated centres for skill development. Henceforth, the idea of setting up the Youth counselling emerged with an objective of empowering and emancipating youth for heralding a new era on the face of India.
The foundation is collaborating with the United States-based Khan Academy for providing easy and free education to underprivileged youth in Haryana. It is one of the first initiatives to provide high quality video based learning in rural areas in India.
KD Singh Scholarships
KD Singh Scholarships are for women students at Panjab University, Chandigarh. This scholarships are aimed towards woman applicants from less privileged backgrounds pursuing women studies, development studies or peace studies at the University. The scholarship covers the tuition fees of the recipients. The tenure of the scholarship is for the entire duration of the holder’s degree requirements. The first round of scholarships will be provided for 2014-15 academic session. Applications will be invited from 1 March 2014 and will be awarded to 5 women students.
References
Foundations based in India
Organizations established in 2013
|
41047514
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Sun-kee
|
Kim Sun-kee
|
Kim Sun-kee is a South Korean physicist. He is professor in Seoul National University and director of the Korea Invisible Mass Search. He was the first director of the Rare Isotope Science Project within the Institute for Basic Science and is a member of the Korean Academy of Science and Technology.
Education
1979−1983: BS, Korea University
1983−1985: MS, Korea University
1985−1988: Ph.D. Korea University
Work
Positions held
1988−1990: Research Associate, KEK, Japan
1990−1992: Senior Research Associate, Rutgers University
1992−1996: Assistant Professor, Seoul National University
1996−2002: Associate Professor, Seoul National University
2002−present: Professor, Seoul National University
2011−present: Director, Rare Isotope Science Project, Institute for Basic Science
1995−1995: Visiting Scientist, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
1999−1999: Visiting Scientist, KEK
Major research activities
1985−1996: AMY experiment, TRISTAN, KEK e+e- collider experiment
1990−1992: E799, Rare Kaon decay experiment, Fermilab
1994−1998: D0 experiment, TEVATRON, Fermilab
1994−2011: BELLE experiment, KEKB, KEK
1996−2000: ATIC, balloon borne experiment, NASA
2000−2011: Korea Invisible Mass Search (spokesperson), South Korea
Professional service activities
1992−1994: Korea SSC committee
1994−2001: Executive board, Belle Collaboration
1996−1998: Investigators Consultative Group between Korea-NASA
1998−2001: Organizing committee, World Wide Study on Physics and Detector at LC
2000−2006: Director of Dark Matter Research Center
2001−2002: Advisory committee, Proton Therapy Center at National Cancer Center
2005−2009: Chair, Association of Korean High Energy Physicists
2006−2012: Committee for the Promotion of Korea-CERN Collaboration, MEST
2008−present: International Detector Advisory Group of ILC
2009−2010: Chair, Particle Physics Division, Korean Physical Society
2011−2011: Steering Committee for Heavy Ion Accelerator, MEST
2012−2014: National Committee for Fusion Research, MEST
2012−2014: R&D Policy Advisory Committee, National Fusion Research Institute
Awards
1991: SSC Fellow, TNRLC
2006: Koshiba prize, Foundation for High Energy Accelerator Science, Japan
2008: Scientist of the month, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of South Korea
2008: SNU Award for Excellent Research
Selected list of publications
Physics
Instrumentation
References
^www.sciencemag.org Science VOL 317 6 JULY 2007
^PRL 99, 091301 (2007) Physical Review Letters
Korea University alumni
South Korean physicists
Living people
1960 births
|
41047520
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sang%20River
|
Sang River
|
The Sang river is the name of a river which drains through Anjar taluka of Kutch, Gujarat, India.
It rises from the hills behind a small village named Sinugra near Anjar. It flows by villages like Nagalpur, Anjar, Galpadar and Kharirohar. The total length of the river is 29 km. The river drains into the Arabian Sea at Nakti Creek in the Gulf of Kutch.
References
Rivers of Gujarat
Geography of Kutch district
|
41047524
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotev%20Cove
|
Kotev Cove
|
Kotev Cove (, ‘Kotev Zaliv’ \'ko-tev 'za-liv\) is the 1.81 km wide cove indenting for 1.8 km the northeast coast of Two Hummock Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It is entered northwest of Butrointsi Point.
The cove is named after Vasil Kotev, commander motor boats and sledges at St. Kliment Ohridski base in 2007/08 and subsequent seasons, and base commander during parts of the 2009/10 and 2011/12 seasons.
Location
Kotev Cove is centred at . British mapping in 1978.
Maps
British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 64 60. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, UK, 1978.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
References
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
Kotev Cove. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
External links
Kotev Cove. Copernix satellite image
Two Hummock Island
Coves of Graham Land
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
|
41047539
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20cearae
|
Gravitcornutia cearae
|
Gravitcornutia cearae is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Ceará, Brazil.
The wingspan is . The ground colour of the forewings is creamish, suffused with pale ferruginous. The markings are blackish, in some areas mixed with grey. The hindwings are grey.
Etymology
The species name refers to the state of Ceará.
References
Moths described in 2010
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41047540
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ormocerinae
|
Ormocerinae
|
Ormocerinae is a subfamily in the chalcidoid wasp family Pteromalidae.
Overview of genera
Aditrochus - Aeschylia - Alloderma - Alyxiaphagus - Australicesa - Brachyscelidiphaga - Bugacia - Cecidoxenus - Encyrtocephalus - Epelatus - Espinosa - Eurytomomma - Hubena - Kerya - Krivena - Lincolna - Lisseurytoma - Manipurella - Mayrellus - Megamelanosoma - Melancistrus - Nambouria - Neochalcissia - Neoperilampus - Neaylax - Ormocerus - Oxyglypta - Perilampella - Perilampomyia - Plastobelyta - Queenslandia - Rivasia - Semiotellus - Sennia - Systasis - Systolomorpha - Terobiella - Trichilogaster - Westra - Wubina - Xantheurytoma
References
External links
Trichilogaster at WaspWeb
Pteromalidae
|
41047545
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urhobo%20Vanguard
|
Urhobo Vanguard
|
Urhobo Vanguard is a Nigerian newspaper. It is the flagship newspaper of Urhobo Vanguard Publishing Ltd and was first published on 21 January 2012. It has its headquarters in Warri, Delta, and Abuja.
As of 2013, it has a circulation of 5,000 copies, a wide reach in Delta State for the print version, and a worldwide reach for the online version. It has a printing plant, in Warri. The paper is noted in Delta State for its color printing, which makes the paper stand out amongst other regional papers.
References
External links
Urhobo Vanguard
Weekly newspapers published in Nigeria
Newspapers published in Abuja
|
41047549
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20constricta
|
Gravitcornutia constricta
|
Gravitcornutia constricta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
The wingspan is 12 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is whitish, slightly tinged with cream grey and dotted grey and brownish. The markings are grey, dotted blackish along edges. The hindwings are brownish cream with greyer strigulation (fine streaks).
Etymology
The species name refers to the constriction of valva.
References
Moths described in 2010
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41047560
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace%20Garner
|
Horace Garner
|
Horace T. Garner (July 17, 1923 – July 6, 1995) was an American baseball outfielder. He played for the Indianapolis Clowns of the Negro American League in 1949 and played in minor league baseball for ten seasons, from 1951 to 1959 and in 1961.
In the minor leagues, Garner played in the Boston Braves (later the Milwaukee Braves) farm system. In 1953, the Braves sent Garner, along with fellow black teammates Hank Aaron and Félix Mantilla, to the Jacksonville Braves in the South Atlantic League. The team thus became one of the first two racially integrated teams in the South Atlantic League, and one of the first ever in Florida.
Garner spent ten seasons in the minor leagues, from 1951 to 1959 and in 1961. He hit .321 with 1,115 hits, 190 doubles, 37 triples and 157 home runs in 997 games.
References
1923 births
1995 deaths
Minor league baseball players
Indianapolis Clowns players
20th-century African-American sportspeople
|
41047562
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerocephalinae
|
Cerocephalinae
|
Cerocephalinae is a parasitic wasp formerly recognized as a subfamily within Pteromalidae, but has recently been promoted to family status.
References
External links
Taxa named by Charles Joseph Gahan
|
41047564
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20aethesiana
|
Gravitcornutia aethesiana
|
Gravitcornutia aethesiana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Paraná, Brazil.
References
Moths described in 2001
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41047568
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20cornuta
|
Gravitcornutia cornuta
|
Gravitcornutia cornuta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
References
Moths described in 2001
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41047572
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20curiosa
|
Gravitcornutia curiosa
|
Gravitcornutia curiosa is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Santa Catarina, Brazil.
References
Moths described in 2001
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41047577
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre%20Loader
|
Andre Loader
|
Andre Loader is a South African rugby league footballer for the Brakpan Bears. His position is and . He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA.
References
Loader
Loader
Loader
Brakpan Bears players
Rugby league hookers
|
41047581
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20zonata
|
Gravitcornutia zonata
|
Gravitcornutia zonata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
References
Moths described in 2001
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41047584
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20tristis
|
Gravitcornutia tristis
|
Gravitcornutia tristis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in São Paulo, Brazil.
References
Moths described in 2001
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41047592
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modev%20Peak
|
Modev Peak
|
Modev Peak (, ) is the mostly ice-covered peak rising to 665 m on Two Hummock Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. The feature has precipitous and partly ice-free northwest slopes, and overlooks Urania Cove on the west and Kotev Cove on the north. It is one of the two ‘hummocks’ that named the island.
The peak is named after Stanimir Modev, a mechanic at St. Kliment Ohridski base in 2002/03 and subsequent seasons.
Location
Modev Peak is located at , which is 4.04 km south of Wauters Point, 2.38 km southwest of Butrointsi Point, 5.35 km north-northwest of Veyka Point and 1.63 km northeast of Buache Peak. British mapping in 1978.
Maps
British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 64 60. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, UK, 1978.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
Notes
References
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
Modev Peak. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
External links
Modev Peak. Copernix satellite image
Mountains of the Palmer Archipelago
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
Two Hummock Island
|
41047593
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20trespolitana
|
Gravitcornutia trespolitana
|
Gravitcornutia trespolitana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
References
Moths described in 2001
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41047594
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safdar%20Rahmat%20Abadi
|
Safdar Rahmat Abadi
|
Safdar Rahmat Abadi (also Rahmatabadi) (died 10 November 2013) was an Iranian politician who served as deputy minister of industry in the governments of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Hassan Rouhani. His remit also included mining and trade.
He was shot dead either in his car or as he entered his car at around 7:50 pm (15:50 GMT) on 10 November 2013 in the capital Tehran. His attacker has not been identified. No organisation has yet claimed responsibility, and the motivation for the killing is unknown. According to the BBC, some Iranian bloggers have been critical of the official position that the killing was not a political assassination.
The assassination is the first of a senior political figure at the national level in Iran in several years. It follows the murder by shooting of Mousa Nouri, public prosecutor for the city of Zabol, in the border province of Sistan and Baluchestan on 6 November, for which the Sunni Islamist group Jaish ul-Adl claimed responsibility.
References
Iranian politicians
Assassinated Iranian politicians
2013 deaths
Year of birth missing
Deaths by firearm in Iran
2010s assassinated politicians
|
41047598
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert%20Wells%20%28rugby%20league%29
|
Rupert Wells (rugby league)
|
Rupert Wells is a South African rugby league footballer for the Tuks Bulls. His position is wing. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA He represented South Africa in the Middle East-Africa play-offs for the 2017 Rugby League World Cup.
References
Wells
Wells
Tuks Bulls players
Rugby league wingers
|
41047599
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somoso%20General%20Hospital
|
Somoso General Hospital
|
SOMOSO General Hospital is a privately owned, level 2 Secondary facility and multi-specialty hospital located in Panabo City, Philippines. It was founded in 1975 as Clinica Somoso by Doctors’ Caesar and Anita Somoso and grew from a family clinic into the first established hospital in Panabo City.
History
In summer 1975, Doctors Caesar and Anita Somoso, a married couple, first established a 10-bed family clinic in a rented apartment. At the start the facility offered basic laboratory services (X-ray, blood examination, urinalysis, fecalysis) and primary health care. Six months after the establishment of Clinica Somoso, Philippines Social Security System recognized and accredited the clinic with Medicare privileges. This made Clinica Somoso the first lying-in hospital in Panabo community.
After one year of operation, Clinica Somoso increased its bed capacity to 25 because of high demands of medical services in the community and people recognized that they need not to go to Davao City or Tagum, Davao del Norte for their health needs and or confinements knowing they can be diagnosed and treated well in Clinica Somoso.
Two years after the 25 bed capacity was approved, Clinica Somoso applied for a secondary level licensure which was again approved by Department of Health / Medicare so again, the Clinica Somoso became the first secondary hospital in Panabo, Davao del Norte.
SOMOSO General Hospital
The name Clinica Somoso was changed to Somoso General Hospital on 1977. Gradually, but not progressively Somoso General Hospital under the new name continued to improve their hospital and decided to build their own facility. From across-were their old clinic was established, a 3-storey building was built. Later then Somoso General Hospital have increased to a 50-bed capacity hospital.
Hospital departments
Anesthesiology
Family Medicine
General Surgery
Internal Medicine
OB-Gyne
Orthopedics
Pediatrics
Radiology
Urology
Out-Patient Department
Accreditation
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (Phil-Health)
AA International (AAI)
Department of Health (Philippines)
United Health Care
Intellicare
icare
References
Private hospitals in the Philippines
Buildings and structures in Davao del Norte
|
41047605
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20sterigmaspis
|
Gravitcornutia sterigmaspis
|
Gravitcornutia sterigmaspis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Goias, Brazil.
References
Moths described in 2001
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41047612
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%2C%20prior%20and%20informed%20consent
|
Free, prior and informed consent
|
Free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) is aimed to establish bottom-up participation and consultation of an indigenous population prior to the beginning of development on ancestral land or using resources in an indigenous population's territory. Indigenous people have a special connection to their land and resources and inhabit one fifth of the earth's surface. Such areas are environmentally rich in both renewable and non-renewable resources. The collective ownership style of most Indigenous Peoples conflicts with the modern global market and its continuous need for resources and land. To protect Indigenous Peoples' rights, international human rights law has created processes and standards to safeguard their way of life and to encourage participation in the decision-making process. One such method is the process of FPIC. There is criticism that many international conventions and treaties require consultation, not consent, which is a much higher threshold. Without the requirement for consent, indigenous people cannot veto government projects and developments in their area that directly affect their lives and cultures. FPIC allows Indigenous Peoples to have the right to self-determination and self-governance in national and local government decision-making processes over projects that concern their lives and resources.
Examples include natural resource management, economic development, uses of traditional knowledge, genetic resources, health care, and education.
Interpretation
Definition
Although there are numerous definitions and debates about FPIC, the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization has defined the concept of FPIC as the following:
Free simply means that there is no manipulation or coercion of the indigenous people and that the process is self-directed by those affected by the project.
Prior implies that consent is sought sufficiently in advance of any activities being either commenced or authorised, and time for the consultation process to occur must be guaranteed by the relative agents.
Informed suggests that the relevant indigenous people receive satisfactory information on the key points of the project, such as the nature, size, pace, reversibility, and scope of the project as well as the reasons for it and its duration. That is the most difficult term of the four, as different groups may find certain information more relevant. The indigenous people should also have access to the primary reports on the economic, environmental, and cultural impacts that the project will have. The language that is used must be understood by the Indigenous Peoples.
Consent is not defined but is granted or withheld after a process that involves consultation and participation. However, mere consultation by itself is not a substitute for actual consent. The UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights notes that Indigenous Peoples "should determine autonomously how they define and establish consent."
The UNPFII requires indigenous people should be consulted in a way that is appropriate for their customs. That means that not every member will have to agree, which has been criticised by some women's rights groups. The indigenous people determine who is to be consulted and must effectively communicate that with the government and developers. It is the duty of states to make sure that FPIC has been carried out. Otherwise, it is their issue to redress, not that of the company or the people wishing to carry out the project. The International Labour Organization requires a consultation to take place in a climate of mutual trust, and circumstances are considered appropriate if they create favourable conditions for reaching agreement and consent.
In a pilot study by the UN-Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation UN-REDD of FPIC application in Vietnam the following steps were required: (1) preparation, (2) consultation with local officials, (3) recruitment of local facilitators, (4) training of the local facilitators, (5) awareness raising, (6) village meeting, (7) recording the decision, (8) reporting to UN-REDD Vietnam, and (9) verification and evaluation. The majority of issues with the policy was the recruitment of the local facilitators, who were able to discuss the process in a language, but Indigenous Peoples understood there was mistrust towards them and a fear that they had been bribed.
International development
The principle of FPIC within international development is most clearly stated in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). Article 10 states:
"Indigenous Peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the Indigenous Peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return. "
Articles 11, 19, 28, and 29 of the declaration also explicitly use the term. It is further established in international conventions, notably the ILO Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples. Countries including Peru, Australia, and the Philippines have included FPIC in their national law.
International law
The role of Indigenous Peoples' FPIC in decisions about infrastructure or extractive industries developed on their ancestral domain is an issue in international law. Projects lacking FPIC are called development aggression by Indigenous Peoples, whose lack access to accountability and grievance mechanisms to address human rights violations have been formally raised with the United Nations Human Rights Council. Asian Indigenous Peoples urged the UN to address the issue before the economic integration of ASEAN in 2015, because of the human rights records of member states such as Myanmar and Laos, which are among the world's most repressive societies.
International Labour Organization
The International Labour Organization (ILO) has been working with indigenous people since the 1920s and currently has 187 member states, including New Zealand. ILO Convention 169 (the Convention) on indigenous and tribal peoples is an international treaty adopted by the ILO in 1989. The Convention aims to overcome discriminatory practices affecting indigenous people and enable them in the decision-making process. The fundamental foundations of the Convention are participation and consultation. The requirement for consultation falls upon the government of the state and not on private persons or companies and may be delegated, but the ultimate responsibility rests on the government. The need for consultation of IPs is written throughout the Convention a number of times and is referred to in Articles 6, 7, 16 and 22. Article 6(1) states that governments should:
<blockquote>
“Consult the peoples concerned, through appropriate procedures and in particular through their representative institutions, whenever consideration is being given to legislative or administrative measures which may affect them directly" '''</blockquote>
Article 6 (2) states that the consultation will be carried out in good faith and in a form that is appropriate to the circumstances. The aim of the consultation process is to achieve an agreement or consent to the purposed development.
The Convention does not allow indigenous people to veto any development since the condition is for consultation, not consent. The supervisor bodies of the ILO have stated that the consultation process cannot be mere information-sharing and that there must be a chance for the indigenous people to influence the decision-making process. If consent is not achieved, the nation-state must still respect other areas of the convention that include the Indigenous Peoples' right to their lands. For example, Article 16 (2) requires that free informed consent must be given if is the relocation of people. The treaty is legally binding on all states that ratify it, which may need to adjust domestic legislation. In nations such as New Zealand, domestic legislation such as the Resource Management Act 1991 refers to the need to consider in developments Maori relationship with land and water sites. The spiritual and practical connection that Maori have to the land has been considered in a number cases before the court including the Supreme Court case Paki v Attorney General''.
United Nations
The United Nations describes FPIC both directly and indirectly in numerous conventions and treaties. One of the most direct cases is the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), Article 19 states:
"States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the Indigenous Peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them. ”
Article 32 requires consultation to be carried out with Indigenous Peoples before states can undertake projects that will affect their rights to land, territory and resources Those articles require consultation, but Article 10 requires also informed consent before the relocation of Indigenous Peoples from their land. That allows indigenous people the right to decide where they live and gives them the power stop any development that they oppose.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is the most universally accepted standard of human rights. It does not directly mention FPIC but it does express the importance of self- determination of all peoples in Article 1. Also, Article 7 declares that all are equal before the law, which means that one person has no more right to another in a nation. The principle is further endorsed by Article 17, which states that every person has the right to own property and shall not be arbitrary deprived of property. The right for self-determination is further protected in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) in Article 1 of both documents and includes economic self-determination, which for many IP is the control of their natural resources.
The ICCPR in Article 27 states that minorities shall not be denied access to their culture. In the Human Rights Committee (HRC) in General Comment 23, that was found to include the right of indigenous people to their land and resources. The HRC has interpreted that to mean that states have a positive duty to engage with IP prior to any development or granting of resource concession in IP lands.
The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), the supervisory body of the ICESCR, has even stated in General Coomment No. 23 that if indigenous people's land has been taken without informed prior consent, they have the right to restitution or the return of their land or resources. That comes from its interpretation of Article 15 of the ICESCR . Article 15 protects indigenous people's right to participate in their cultural life. The comment by the CESCR is important as it goes beyond mere consultation. The need for FPIC has also been called upon by the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) which requires that no state shall make a decision concerning the rights of IP without their consent. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) encourages indigenous people's participation in decision making. However, they are not legally-binding decisions but only recommendations
World Bank
The World Bank was one of the first multilateral financial institutions to create guidelines to protect the rights of Indigenous Peoples in the 1980s, when it recognized that development negatively impacted their lives and cultures. Its first policy was in 1987 and was designed by staff without consultation of Indigenous People and was a statement on the need to protect Indigenous Peoples. In 1991, its Operational Directive 4.20 document acknowledged the need for participation of indigenous people in the consultation process.
The subsequent World Bank Policy on Indigenous Peoples was released in 2005, OP 4.10 focused on the reduction of poverty. In doing so, the bank identified the intrinsic link that Indigenous People have with the land and the need for a consultation process which fully respects the human rights, human dignity, economics and culture of the people involved. It stated that it will not lend money to a state or company unless there has been free prior informed consultation with the local indigenous population and that there is broad community support for the development.
Critics have questioned for the term "consultation" to be used as opposed to consent and state that to mean that IP cannot decline a project if they do not agree with it. Furthermore, "community" is an ambiguous term.
In August 2016, the World Bank adopted its new Environmental and Social Standards, including Environmental and Social Standard 7 (ESS7) on Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities (Indigenous Peoples, "IPs"), which requires free prior informed consent if the project will:
have adverse impacts on land and natural resources subject to traditional ownership or under customary use or occupation;
cause relocation of IPs from land and natural resources subject to traditional ownership or under customary use or occupation; or
have significant impacts on IPs'cultural heritage that is material to the identity and/or cultural, ceremonial, or spiritual aspects of the affected IPs' lives.
Indigenous Peoples' FPIC protocols
Since the early 2000s, Indigenous Peoples have started developing their own protocols on how FPIC processes are to be carried out. The first protocols were sector specific, namely Canadian First Nations addressing the country's mining companies, the second wave of protocols were so-called bio-cultural protocols developed by Indigenous Peoples i.a. in Asia and Africa in connection with the implementation of Article 8j on Access and Benefit Sharing of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The third generation are so-called autonomous FPIC protocols that have predominantly been developed by Indigenous Peoples in Latin American countries, such as the Wampis in Peru, the Juruna in Brazil or the Embera Chami in Colombia, whose states have, despite ratifying ILO Convention 169, adopted regulations that fall far short of FPIC as defined in international law.
Climate change negotiations
During the UNFCCC climate change negotiations on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+), it was noted that the United Nations General Assembly had adopted UNDRIP, meaning that the Declaration and its FPIC provision applied to the negotiations. This reference was made in the context of a so-called safeguard for REDD+, specifically the instruction to have "respect for the knowledge and rights of Indigenous Peoples and members of local communities" when undertaking REDD+ activities.
Following this, FPIC has been widely applied for demonstration projects on REDD+, particularly after the United Nations REDD Programme published a report on its efforts to develop a methodology for FPIC for REDD+ in the case of its country program in Vietnam. Early in 2013, the global United Nations REDD Programme issued guidelines for the application of FPIC, including an analysis of jurisprudence on FPIC in various contexts, that are mandatory for all UN-REDD country programmes.
National legislation
Some countries have incorporated FPIC into national legislation, the first being the Philippines: Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997.
Bolivia
Bolivia ratified ILO Convention 169 and in 2007 also formally incorporated UNDRIP into its municipal law. In 2009, the nation also included the duty to consult Indigenous Peoples in its constitution but in a much less radical version of the draft, which required consent for the exploration of all resource activities. The legal requirements are very significant in a nation that has a wealth of natural resources and a large indigenous population. The risk of giving indigenous people a veto on government projects is an increase social conflict in certain regions. That was seen with the conflict surrounding the Isiboro Se´cure National Park and Indigenous Territory (TIPNIS). A road was planned through the park, and coca growers were for the project as it would expand their business. The indigenous population opposed the idea and said that consent should be needed for mega development in indigenous territories. The result was large protests in La Paz for fear of damage to the vital river system, illegal logging, and the alteration of the habitats of endangered animals in the area. The state engaged in consultation with the Indigenous Peoples, but that worsened the problem, with activists criticized the government's lack of legal framework to protect indigenous people. The government claimed that indigenous expectations of were unrealistic.
See also
Informed consent
Research ethics
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
Human Rights
Indigenous land rights
References
Indigenous rights
Concepts in ethics
Consent
|
41047617
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrebus%20Card
|
Metrebus Card
|
The Metrebus Card is a contactless smartcard ticketing system for Rome. It has stored value on a paper ticket for either 1, 3 or 7 days. All three versions of the tickets look the same on the front, but on the back of the ticket the magnetic data printed on the ticket varies depending on which version of the ticket was purchased.
There is also a single ticket, which sells for only €1.50, allowing travel on any bus and one trip on the metro or urban trains. This version of the ticket has a 100-minute expiry period.
In 2011, a new VISA style smart card was implemented, with a much sturdier design and longer lifespan.
Release
After the contract was awarded to the ERG Motorola Alliance in 1999, the card system was rolled out across Rome, with the system becoming fully operational in 2001.
In 2009 in Anagnina, car parking with Metrebus was introduced, which involved swiping the card at entry and exit to the car park, with validators stationed there. This has allowed for improved traffic fluidity. There have been plans to extend this trial, with Montebello also set to receive this feature, which would again help the car park when all 354 spaces are occupied.
In April 2013, ATM top up for the Red Metrebus Card was implemented with its migration from contactless magnetic card to contactless smartcard. These cards can be reloaded by visiting any UniCredit ATM and entering the card number.
In June 2018, the Red Metrebus Card was replaced by a new one, which allowed Pay&Go in car parks and to reload it and purchase transport titles in PARC meters as well as with an NFC smartphone.
Purchase
Red Metrebus Cards can be purchased at ATAC ticket offices at the following stations: Anagnina, Battistini, Cornelia, Lepanto, Ottaviano S. Pietro, Laurentina, EUR Fermi, Ponte Mammolo, Termini, and Conca d’Oro.
References
Contactless smart cards
|
41047619
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20ochrata
|
Gravitcornutia ochrata
|
Gravitcornutia ochrata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
References
Moths described in 2001
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41047623
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate%20at%20the%202013%20Bolivarian%20Games
|
Karate at the 2013 Bolivarian Games
|
Karate for the 2013 Bolivarian Games, took place from 27 November to 29 November 2013.
Medal table
Key:
Medal summary
Men
Women
References
Events at the 2013 Bolivarian Games
2013 in karate
2013 Bolivarian Games
|
41047625
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20miserana
|
Gravitcornutia miserana
|
Gravitcornutia miserana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
References
Moths described in 2001
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41047632
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducceschi
|
Ducceschi
|
Ducceschi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Manrico Ducceschi (1920–1948), Italian partisan
Raffaello Ducceschi (born 1962), Italian race walker
Italian-language surnames
|
41047640
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20du%20Toit
|
Henry du Toit
|
Henry du Toit is a South African rugby league player for the Bloemfontein Roosters. His position is centre. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA.
References
NewsHandle.com
du Toit
du Toit
Bloemfontein Roosters players
Rugby league centres
|
41047641
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20London%20Scene
|
The London Scene
|
The London Scene is the name given to a series of six essays that Virginia Woolf wrote for Good Housekeeping magazine in 1931 and 1932. The title was not chosen by Woolf but comes from the 1975 republication of five of the essays. Originally the essays were referred to as 'Six Articles on London Life'.
Essays
The Docks of London
This was the first of the essays published in the series that Woolf wrote for Good Housekeeping and was published in the December 1931 issue of the magazine (volume 20, issue 4). In the essay, Woolf describes visiting the Port of London, at the time the World's largest port. The essay imagines a trip along the River Thames and describes the sites of industry and trade that would be seen along the way, as well as the environmental consequences. The essay was based on Woolf's trip to the port earlier in 1931, where she accompanied the Persian ambassador.
The Oxford Street Tide
This second essay was published in the January 1932 issue of Good Housekeeping (volume 20, issue 5). Here, the narrator of the essay describes the busy streets and Department Stores of Oxford Street. Woolf emphasises the ephemerality of modernity and the rise of consumerism, describing its allure and charm but also its potential vacuity.
Great Men's Houses
This essay was published in the March 1932 issue of Good Housekeeping (volume 21, issue 1). In it, Woolf describes visiting the houses of Thomas and Jane Welsh Carlyle at 5 Cheyne Row and the house of John Keats in Hampstead. The essay finishes with a description of looking down at London from the top of Hampstead Heath.
Abbeys and Cathedrals
This essay was published in the May 1932 issue of Good Housekeeping (volume 21, issue 3). Woolf describes her experience of visiting St Paul's Cathedral, Westminster Abbey and St Clement Danes.
"This Is The House of Commons"
This essay was published in the October 1932 issue of Good Housekeeping (volume 21, issue 9). Here, Woolf describes a trip to the House of Commons inside the Palace of Westminster. Comparing contemporary politicians, such as Ramsay MacDonald and Stanley Baldwin, to those of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, Woolf suggests that politics has become less about the personality of great leaders. "The days of single men and personal power are over," she writes. As Sonita Sarker writes, this is the only essay which has its title in quotation marks and suggests the voice of a tour guide or an awestruck sightseer.
Portrait of a Londoner
This essay was published in the December 1932 issue of Good Housekeeping (volume 21, issue 11). This essay differs from the others as it does not describe a public place within the capital, but the drawing room of a woman that Woolf describes as a "true Cockney", named Mrs Crowe. The short pen portrait begins with a short description of Mrs Crowe's modest home and goes on to outline the steady stream of guests she would welcome into her home. The essay concludes by describing how, now Mrs Crowe has died, London will never be the same again.
Publication History
In 1975, the American publisher Frank Hallman, with permission from Angelica Garnett and Quentin Bell, republished the first five essays as a book, giving the collection its title, The London Scene. This edition was reprinted by Random House and the Hogarth Press in 1982. It is not known why 'Portrait of a Londoner' was not included in this edition. It has been suggested that Angelica and Quentin may have wished for it to be omitted, but this assertion has also been disputed.
In 2004, 'Portrait of a Londoner' was claimed to have been rediscovered and was reprinted in The Guardian newspaper. However, the essay had been included in the third edition of B. J. Kirkpatrick's A Bibliography of Virginia Woolf in 1980 and so its existence was public knowledge, although less well-known than the other essays.
A complete edition of The London Scene was published for the first time in 2004 by the publisher Snowbooks in their 'Signature Series'.
In 2013, The London Scene was again republished in full, this time by Daunt Books and with a short preface by Hermione Lee.
References
External links
"Portrait of a Londoner" by Virginia Woolf
The London Scene essays at the British Library website
1931 essays
1932 essays
Books about London
Essay collections
Works by Virginia Woolf
|
41047644
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salpingoeca
|
Salpingoeca
|
Salpingoeca is a genus of Choanoflagellates in the family Salpingoecidae.
References
Ultrastructure et mode de nutrition du Choanoflagellé Salpingoeca pelagica, sp. nov. comparaison avec les choanocytes des Spongiaires. M Laval, 1971
Cell differentiation and morphogenesis in the colony-forming choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta. MJ Dayel, RA Alegado, SR Fairclough, TC Levin... - Developmental biology, 2011
Premetazoan genome evolution and the regulation of cell differentiation in the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta
SR Fairclough, Z Chen, E Kramer, Q Zeng, S Young... - Genome biology, 2013
External links
Choanoflagellatea
Eukaryote genera
|
41047645
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylastes%20ater
|
Hylastes ater
|
Hylastes ater is a species of beetle in the family Curculionidae, the true weevils. It is a bark beetle, a member of the subfamily Scolytinae. Its common name is the black pine bark beetle. It is native to Europe and parts of Asia, including China and Korea. It is known as an introduced species in many other regions, including Australia, New Zealand, the Americas, and South Africa. It is a pest of pines and other trees, and it is widespread in areas where pine trees are cultivated. The species "is an important threat to the biosecurity of all forested countries."
Description
This beetle is cylindrical in shape and 3.5 to 5.5 millimeters long by about 1.4 millimeters wide. It is dark gray or shiny black with reddish antennae and legs. The newly hatched beetle is entirely reddish, and its color darkens over time. The elytra, the front of the face, and most of the prothorax are punctate. The head is bent downward, so just a small part is visible from above. The rostrum is short, not elongated into a typical weevil snout. The whitish egg is less than one millimeter long, and the larva is c-shaped, legless, and white with an amber-colored head capsule. The pupa is "mummy-like", yellowish-white, and spiny.
Biology
This bark beetle feeds on the developing bark on and around the root crowns of tree seedlings, especially the phloem. It also infests stumps, logs, and fallen trees. It prefers pines, and is a widespread pest of wild and cultivated Monterey pines (Pinus radiata) in particular. Other recorded host trees include silver fir (Abies alba), colonial pine (Araucaria cunninghamii), Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), common larch (Larix decidua), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens).
The beetle reproduces in the inner bark layer of the tree. The female bores an egg gallery up to 13 centimeters in length along the surface of the wood, often parallel to the grain. The male clears the debris from the chamber. After mating, the female lays up to 100 eggs in the gallery, each in its own nook. The larvae usually develop over 8 to 10 weeks, but sometimes take well over a year to reach maturity, depending on temperature. As they grow, the egg gallery is obliterated and they develop together in a common chamber. Pupation lasts up to two weeks.
The adult beetle flies well and it can disperse to new areas in the search for appropriate tree hosts. It is attracted to volatiles released by the trees, such as β-pinene, a component of turpentine. During some parts of the year it may face competition from the red-haired bark beetle (Hylurgus ligniperda), which also reproduces in Monterey pines.
As a pest
This beetle weakens and kills tree seedlings with its feeding and boring behaviors. It removes sections of bark from the base of the seedling, sometimes killing it. Surviving trees have resin-bleeding lesions and brittle needles and become wilted and discolored. Damage to the trees is increased when the beetle acts as a vector for sapstain fungi, introducing them into the wounds. These pigmented fungi discolor wood, producing cosmetic damage that makes it less marketable. This beetle can act as a vector for numerous species of sapstaining fungi in the genus Ophiostoma.
A well-studied infestation is occurring in Monterey pine plantations in New Zealand. The beetle was first recorded there in 1929, becoming a minor pest of exotic pines, but recently the severity of its impacts on local pine forestry has become more clear. It is ubiquitous in pine plantings. As mature trees are continually harvested for wood, the many stumps left behind are infested by the beetle, which then spreads to the seedlings. While the beetle has been known to cause high levels of mortality in crops of seedlings in Chile and Australia, it does not kill many trees in New Zealand. It more often causes a reduction in wood value by damaging the tree tissue and introducing fungi.
Biological pest control efforts using parasitic and predatory insects have been unsuccessful. Early detection of the pest is a priority. Once an infestation is recognized, some methods of chemical control are used. Shipments of logs are fumigated with phosphine, which is a very effective alternative for the ozone-depleting compound methyl bromide. Traps baited with turpentine may also be an option.
References
Scolytinae
Insect vectors of plant pathogens
Beetles described in 1800
|
41047647
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteromalinae
|
Pteromalinae
|
Pteromalinae is a parasitoid wasp subfamily in the family Pteromalidae.
Genera
Ablaxia - Abomalus - Acaenacis - Acroclisella - Acroclisis - Acroclisissa - Acroclisoides - Acroclypa - Acrocormus - Afropsilocera - Aggelma - Agiommatus - Aiemea - Allocricellius - Alticornis - Amandia - Amblyharma - Amblypachus - Amphidocius - Andersena - Angulifrons - Anisopteromalus - Anogmoides - Anogmus - Anorbanus - Apelioma - Apsilocera - Apycnetron - Arachnopteromalus - Arriva - Arthrolytus - Atrichomalus - Bairamlia - Boharticus - Bonitoa - Brachycaudonia - Bubekia - Bubekiana - Bulolosa - Bupronotum - Caenacis - Caenocrepis - Callicarolynia - Calliprymna - Callitula - Canada - Canberrana - Capellia - Catolaccus - Cecidolampa - Cecidostiba - Cheiropachus - Chlorocytus - Chrysoglyphe - Coelopisthia - Conigastrus - Conomorium - Coruna - Cryptoprymna - Cyclogastrella - Cyrtogaster - Cyrtoptyx - Dasyneurophaga - Delisleia - Dibrachoides - Dibrachys - Diconocara - Diglochis - Dimachus - Dinarmoides - Dinarmus - Dineuticida - Dinotiscus - Dinotoides - Diourbelia - Dirhicnus - Doganlaria - Dorcatomophaga - Dudichilla - Elachertoidea - Elderia - Endomychobius - Epanogmus - Epicatolaccus - Epipteromalus - Erdoesia - Erdoesina - Erythromalus - Eulonchetron - Eumacepolus - Euneura - Eurydinota - Eurydinoteloides - Eurydinotomorpha - Eutelisca - Euteloida - Ezgia - Fanamokala - Fedelia - Ficicola - Fijita - Frena - Gastracanthus - Gbelcia - Genangula - Globimesosoma - Goidanichium - Golovissima - Grissellium - Guancheria - Gugolzia - Guinea - Guolina - Gyrinophagus - Habritella - Habritys - Habromalina - Halomalus - Halticopterella - Halticopteroides - Hansonita - Helocasis - Hemitrichus - Heteroprymna - Heteroschema - Hillerita - Hlavka - Hobbya - Holcaeus - Homoporus - Huberina - Hypopteromalus - Inkaka - Ischyroptyx - Isocyrtella - Isocyrtus - Isoplatoides - Jaliscoa - Janssoniella - Kaleva - Kazina - Klabonosa - Kratinka - Kratka - Kukua - Kumarella - Lampoterma - Lariophagus - Laticlypa - Leleupia - Lenka - Leodamus - Leptomeraporus - Licteria - Lomonosoffiella - Lonchetron - Longinucha - Lyrcus - Lysirina - Makaronesa - Maorita - Marangua - Mazinawa - Megadicylus - Merallus - Meraporus - Merismoclea - Merismomorpha - Merisus - Mesopolobus - Metacolus - Metastenus - Meximalus - Micradelus - Mimencyrtus - Mirekia - Miristhma - Miscogasteriella - Mokrzeckia - Monazosa - Monoksa - Muscidifurax - Nadelaia - Narendrella - Nasonia - Nazgulia - Neanica - Nedinotus - Neocatolaccus - Neocylus - Neopolycystus - Neotoxeumorpha - Nephelomalus - Nikolskayana - Norbanus - Notoglyptus - Notoprymna - Novitzkyanus - Nuchata - Oaxa - Obalana - Ogloblinisca - Oniticellobia - Oomara - Oricoruna - Ottaria - Ottawita - Oxyharma - Oxysychus - Pachycrepoideus - Pachyneuron - Pandelus - Parabruchobius - Paracarotomus - Paracroclisis - Paradinarmus - Paraiemea - Paroxyharma - Pegopus - Peridesmia - Perilampidea - Perniphora - Pestra - Pezilepsis - Phaenocytus - Platecrizotes - Platneptis - Platygerrhus - Platypteromalus - Ploskana - Plutothrix - Polstonia - Procallitula - Promerisus - Propicroscytus - Propodeia - Pseudanogmus - Pseudetroxys - Pseudocatolaccus - Psilocera - Psilonotus - Psychophagoides - Psychophagus - Pterapicus - Pterisemoppa - Pteromalus - Pterosemigastra - Pterosemopsis - Ptinocida - Pycnetron - Quercanus - Rakosina - Raspela - Rhaphitelus - Rhopalicus - Rohatina - Roptrocerus - Sceptrothelys - Schizonotus - Sedma - Selimnus - Sigynia - Sisyridivora - Sorosina - Spaniopus - Sphegigaster - Sphegigastrella - Sphegipterosema - Sphegipterosemella - Spilomalus - Spintherus - Spodophagus - Staurothyreus - Stenetra - Stenomalina - Stenoselma - Stichocrepis - Stinoplus - Strejcekia - Synedrus - Syntomopus - Systasis - Systellogaster - Szelenyinus - Tanina - Termolampa - Thureonella - Tomicobia - Toxeuma - Toxeumella - Toxeumelloides - Toxeumorpha - Trichargyrus - Trichokaleva - Trichomalopsis - Trichomalus - Tricolas - Trigonoderus - Trigonogastrella - Trinotiscus - Tripteromalus - Tritneptis - Trjapitzinia - Trychnosoma - Tsela - Uniclypea - Urolepis - Usubaia - Veltrusia - Vespita - Vrestovia - Xiphydriophagus - Yanchepia - Yosemitea - Zdenekiana
References
External links
Pteromalidae
Hymenoptera subfamilies
|
41047648
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buache%20Peak
|
Buache Peak
|
Buache Peak (, ) is the mostly ice-covered peak rising to 595 m on Two Hummock Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It surmounts Urania Cove on the north. The feature has precipitous and partly ice-free west-northwest slopes, and is one of the two ‘hummocks’ that gave the name of the island.
The peak is named after the French cartographer Philippe Buache (1700–1773), who published maps of the south polar region in 1739 and 1754.
Location
Buache Peak is located at , which is 1.63 km southwest of Modev Peak, 4.8 km northwest of Veyka Point and 1.93 km northeast of Palaver Point. British mapping in 1978.
Maps
British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 64 60. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, UK, 1978.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
Notes
References
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
Buache Peak. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
External links
Buache Peak. Copernix satellite image
Two Hummock Island
Mountains of the Palmer Archipelago
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
|
41047649
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christo%20Joubert
|
Christo Joubert
|
Christo Joubert is a South African rugby league player for the Brakpan Bears. His position is prop. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA.
References
Joubert
Joubert
Brakpan Bears players
Rugby league props
|
41047652
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iola%20Cubs
|
Iola Cubs
|
The Iola Cubs was the first and primary name of the Class Kansas–Oklahoma–Missouri League minor league baseball team based in Iola, Kansas, USA, that played in 1946 and 1947. The Iola Cubs were preceded by other early 1900s Iola minor league teams and succeeded by the Iola Indians. Iola won league championships in 1904 and 1946.
History
The 1946 Iola Cubs were the first professional baseball team based in Iola since the 1908 Iola Champs. The Iola Cubs were an affiliate of the Chicago Cubs, playing in the Kansas-Oklahoma-Missouri League. Managed by Al Reitz both years, the team finished second and third in the standings in 1946 and 1947, respectively, and reached the league finals both seasons.
Remaining in the Kansas-Oklahoma-Missouri League, Iola became an affiliate of the Cleveland Indians in 1948 and played as the Iola Indians in 1948-1952. After disbanding in 1953, the Iola Indians played a final season in the Western Association in 1954.
Decades earlier, the Iola Gasbags (1902, 1904) and Iola Gaslighters (1903) played in the Missouri Valley League. The 1906 Iola Grays, of the Kansas State League, moved to Cherryvale, Kansas on June 15, 1906, becoming the Cherryvale Boosters. The 1908 Iola Champs, of the Oklahoma-Kansas League, had disbanded on July 8, 1908.
The ballpark
For the duration of the professional franchises, Iola home games were played at Riverside Municipal Ballpark, which is within Riverside Park. The ballpark was a Works Project Administration project. Located at 418 Park Avenue and South State Street in Iola, Kansas, the ballpark and adjacent park grounds are still in use today. The ballpark with a track and stands are utilized by Iola's USD 257 school district sports teams.
Notable alumni
Woody Fair (1952, MGR)
Larry Milton (1904)
Willie Ramsdell (1954, Player/MGR)
Al Reitz (1946-1948)
Floyd Temple (1952, MGR)
Bill Upton (1949)
Season-by-season
References
Defunct minor league baseball teams
Baseball teams established in 1946
Baseball teams disestablished in 1954
1946 establishments in Kansas
1954 disestablishments in Kansas
Professional baseball teams in Kansas
Chicago Cubs minor league affiliates
Cleveland Guardians minor league affiliates
Allen County, Kansas
Defunct baseball teams in Kansas
|
41047653
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20du%20Plessis
|
Hans du Plessis
|
Hans du Plessis is a South African rugby league player for the Tuks Bulls. His position is centre. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA.
References
du Plessis, Hans
du Plessis, Hans
Tuks Bulls players
Rugby league centres
|
41047655
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20cuspis
|
Gravitcornutia cuspis
|
Gravitcornutia cuspis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Morona-Santiago Province, Ecuador.
References
Moths described in 2003
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41047659
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevie%20Meyer
|
Stevie Meyer
|
Stevie Meyer is a South African rugby league player for the Bloemfontein Roosters. His position is loose forward. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA.
References
South African rugby league players
South Africa national rugby league team players
Bloemfontein Roosters players
Rugby league locks
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
|
41047660
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20inapulana
|
Gravitcornutia inapulana
|
Gravitcornutia inapulana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Morona-Santiago Province, Ecuador.
References
Moths described in 2003
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41047663
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20water%20swimming%20at%20the%202013%20Bolivarian%20Games
|
Open water swimming at the 2013 Bolivarian Games
|
Open water swimming, for the 2013 Bolivarian Games, took place on 21 November and 23 November 2013. This sport was contested at the port town of Salaverry.
During the 5 km race four swimmers and seven in the 10 km race, suffered hypothermia and could not finish the competition, being taken to the local hospital by the National Police of Peru.
Medal table
Medalists
References
Events at the 2013 Bolivarian Games
2013 in swimming
Open water swimming competitions
2013 Bolivarian Games
|
41047667
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre%20Olwagen
|
Andre Olwagen
|
Andre Olwagen is a South African rugby league player for the Brakpan Bears. His position is fullback He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA.
References
Olwagen
Olwagen
Brakpan Bears players
Rugby league fullbacks
|
41047668
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol%E2%80%93chloroform%20extraction
|
Phenol–chloroform extraction
|
Phenol–chloroform extraction is a liquid-liquid extraction technique in molecular biology used to separate nucleic acids from proteins and lipids.
Process
Aqueous samples, lysed cells, or homogenised tissue are mixed with equal volumes of a phenol:chloroform mixture. This mixture is then centrifuged. Because the phenol:chloroform mixture is immiscible with water, the centrifuge will cause two distinct phases to form: an upper aqueous phase, and a lower organic phase. The aqueous phase rises to the top because it is less dense than the organic phase containing the phenol:chloroform. This difference in density is why phenol, which only has a slightly higher density than water, must be mixed with chloroform to form a mixture with a much higher density than water.
The hydrophobic lipids will partition into the lower organic phase, and the proteins will remain at the interphase between the two phases, while the nucleic acids (as well as other contaminants such as salts, sugars, etc.) remain in the upper aqueous phase. The upper aqueous phase can then be pipetted off. Care must be taken to avoid pipetting any of the organic phase or material at the interface. This procedure is often performed multiple times to increase the purity of the DNA. This procedure yields large double stranded DNA that can be used in PCR or RFLP.
If the mixture is acidic, DNA will precipitate into the organic phase while RNA remains in the aqueous phase. This is because DNA is more readily neutralized than RNA.
There are some disadvantages of this technique in forensic use. It is time-consuming and uses hazardous reagents. Also, because it is a two-step process involving transfer of reagents between tubes, it is at a greater risk of contamination.
See also
Acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction
Ethanol precipitation
Spin column-based nucleic acid purification
References
Molecular biology
Biochemistry methods
|
41047673
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayylyk%2C%20Ust-Yansky%20District%2C%20Sakha%20Republic
|
Sayylyk, Ust-Yansky District, Sakha Republic
|
Sayylyk (; , Sayılık) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Silyannyakhsky Rural Okrug of Ust-Yansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located from Deputatsky, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 771, down from 960 recorded during the 2002 Census.
It is the only inhabited place by the Selennyakh River.
References
Notes
Sources
Official website of the Sakha Republic. Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic. Ust-Yansky District.
Rural localities in Ust-Yansky District
|
41047675
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riaan%20Engelbrecht
|
Riaan Engelbrecht
|
Riaan Engelbrecht is a South African former rugby league footballer for the Tuks Bulls. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the US, as a , and also as a .
References
Engelbrecht
Engelbrecht
Tuks Bulls players
Rugby league centres
Rugby league five-eighths
|
41047676
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veyka%20Point
|
Veyka Point
|
Veyka Point (, ‘Nos Veyka’ \'nos 'vey-ka\) is the ice-free tipped point on the east side of the entrance to Lesura Cove forming the south extremity of Two Hummock Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. The minor Cobălcescu Island is lying 1.2 km east-southeast of the point.
The point is named after Veyka Peak in the Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria.
Location
Veyka Point is located at , which is 5.07 km southeast of Palaver Point, 9.39 km south by east of Wauters Point, and 33.58 km west-southwest of Cape Sterneck (Herschel) on the Antarctic Peninsula. British mapping in 1978.
Maps
British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 64 60. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, UK, 1978.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), 1993–2016.
References
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
Veyka Point. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
External links
Veyka Point. Copernix satellite image
Headlands of the Palmer Archipelago
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
Two Hummock Island
|
41047677
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acroplectis%20haemanthes
|
Acroplectis haemanthes
|
Acroplectis haemanthes is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the United States in Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas and Utah.
The length of the forewings is 6.5–8 mm. Adults have been recorded from April to July and in October.
References
Moths described in 1927
Euliini
Moths of North America
|
41047682
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelle%20Slabbert
|
Marcelle Slabbert
|
Marcelle Slabbert is a South African rugby league player for the Tuks Bulls. His position is wing. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA.
References
Slabbert
Slabbert
Tuks Bulls players
Rugby league wingers
|
41047686
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kao%20Yang-sheng
|
Kao Yang-sheng
|
Kao Yang-sheng (; born 11 July 1952) is a Taiwanese politician.
Early life
Kao obtained his bachelor's degree in philosophy from Fu Jen Catholic University.
Political career
Kao sat in the Legislative Yuan from 1996 to 2002, representing the Highland Aborigine Constituency on behalf of the Kuomintang. Kao was appointed political deputy minister of the Council of Indigenous Peoples on 2 September 2013. He left the CIP on 31 July 2014 to serve as deputy magistrate of Taoyuan County.
References
Aboriginal Members of the Legislative Yuan
Living people
1952 births
Members of the 3rd Legislative Yuan
Members of the 4th Legislative Yuan
Kuomintang Members of the Legislative Yuan in Taiwan
Fu Jen Catholic University alumni
|
41047687
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calivat%20Gadu
|
Calivat Gadu
|
Calivat Gadu () is a Taiwanese politician. He currently serves as the Administrative Deputy Minister of the Council of Indigenous Peoples (CIP) of the Executive Yuan. He is of the Paiwan people.
He obtained his bachelor's degree in law from National Taiwan University, and continued his master's and doctoral degrees in ethnology from National Chengchi University.
He had been the Director-General of the Department of Planning and Department of Education and Culture of the CIP.
See also
Taiwanese aborigines
References
Government ministers of Taiwan
Living people
Paiwan people
Year of birth missing (living people)
National Taiwan University alumni
National Chengchi University alumni
|
41047688
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen%20Cheng-jia
|
Chen Cheng-jia
|
Chen Cheng-jia () is a Taiwanese politician. He currently serves as the Administrative Deputy Minister of the Council of Indigenous Peoples of the Executive Yuan. He is a Han Chinese.
Education
Chen obtained his master's degree from the City University of Seattle in the United States.
Career
Chen began his public service career as a junior civil servant. He supervised and promoted programs to benefit Taiwanese aborigines. He was appointed Administrative Deputy Minister of the Council of Indigenous Peoples on 22 October 2013.
See also
Taiwanese aborigines
References
1960 births
Living people
Government ministers of Taiwan
|
41047692
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francois%20Greyvensteyn
|
Francois Greyvensteyn
|
Francois Greyvensteyn is a South African rugby league player for the Brakpan Bears. His position is standoff. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA.
References
Greyevensteyn
Greyvensteyn
Brakpan Bears players
Rugby league five-eighths
|
41047697
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albadea%20dea
|
Albadea dea
|
Albadea dea is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Ecuador (Carchi Province and Zamora Chinchipe Province).
The wingspan is .
References
Moths described in 2002
Endemic fauna of Ecuador
Euliini
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41047704
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racquetball%20at%20the%202013%20Bolivarian%20Games
|
Racquetball at the 2013 Bolivarian Games
|
Racquetball (Spanish: Racquetbol), for the 2013 Bolivarian Games, took place from 18 November to 24 November 2013.
Medal table
Medalists
References
Events at the 2013 Bolivarian Games
2013 Bolivarian Games
2013 in racquetball
|
41047706
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco%20Vermeulen
|
Franco Vermeulen
|
Franco Vermeulen is a South African rugby league player for the Tuks Bulls. His position is prop. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA.
References
NewsHandle.com
Vermeulen
Vermeulen
Tuks Bulls players
Rugby league props
|
41047707
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUTSIM
|
TUTSIM
|
TUTSIM was the first commercial simulation software ever to run on an IBM-PC. The package was used for the modeling and simulation of multi-domain systems using differential equations and bond graphs.
History
TUTSIM (Twente University of Technology SIMulator) was developed at the Control Laboratory of the University of Twente in the early-1970s. The program was initially created for the PDP-11 and LSI-11 series of DEC. At the end of the 1970s it was ported to run on microprocessors like the MOS Technology 6502 of the Apple II and the Intel 8086 of the IBM Personal Computer.
The company Meerman Automation took over the development of the package in the early-1980s. The rise of the IBM PC gave TUTSIM its world fame, making scientific simulation software available for researchers all over the world. Failing to meet the demands of a graphical user interface with the rise of Microsoft Windows in the late-1980s the popularity of TUTSIM slowly faded away. Multiple requests from bond graph researchers caused the University of Twente to begin development of a successor to TUTSIM. This resulted in the software 20-sim, released by Controllab, which contained many of the features that made TUTSIM popular.
Use
TUTSIM was an interactive simulation language for continuous dynamical systems. Input had to be given in block diagram form or in bond graph form. The lack of a graphical UI required inputs in textual form by entering commands and arguments. For simulation, fixed step integration methods were provided. Simulation results were displayed in a graphical form or numerically in tables.
See also
Bond graph
University of Twente
Controllab
20-sim
References
Simulation software
1970s in computing
|
41047708
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesura%20Cove
|
Lesura Cove
|
Lesura Cove (, ‘Zaliv Lesura’ \'za-liv le-'su-ra\) is the 1.97 km wide cove indenting for 1.2 km the south coast of Two Hummock Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It is entered west of Veyka Point.
The point is named after the settlement of Lesura in Northwestern Bulgaria.
Location
Lesura Cove is centred at . British mapping in 1978.
Maps
British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 64 60. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, UK, 1978.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
References
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
Lesura Cove. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
External links
Lesura Cove. Copernix satellite image
Coves of Graham Land
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
Two Hummock Island
|
41047711
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter%20van%20der%20Nest
|
Pieter van der Nest
|
Pieter van der Nest is a South African rugby league player for the Tuks Bulls. His position is standoff. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA.
References
van der Nest
van der Nest
Tuks Bulls players
Rugby league five-eighths
|
41047714
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrie%20Slabber
|
Gerrie Slabber
|
Gerrie Slabber is a South African rugby league player for the Bloemfontein Roosters. His position is halfback. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA.
References
South African rugby league players
South Africa national rugby league team players
Bloemfontein Roosters players
Rugby league halfbacks
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
|
41047720
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumat
|
Tumat
|
Tumat (; ) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited settlement and the administrative center of Tumatsky National Rural Okrug of Ust-Yansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located from Deputatsky, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 533, of whom 286 were male and 247 female, down from 577 recorded during the 2002 Census.
Geography
The village is located by the right bank of the Chondon river, a little upstream from its confluence with the Nuchcha. There are numerous lakes near Tumat. Orotko, located to the northeast, is one of the largest.
Fossil specimen found at Tumat
Two canine specimen preserved in permafrost have been found nearby Tumat:
Tumat (1, ♀): A female about 3 months, age 12.400–14.400 y, found in 2011.
Tumat (2, ♂): A male puppy, age 12.400–14.400 y, found in 2015 nearby the first place, so it is likely that they died at a similar time.
References
Notes
Sources
Official website of the Sakha Republic. Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic. Ust-Yansky District.
Rural localities in Ust-Yansky District
Chondon basin
|
41047721
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolfe%20Keranio
|
Kolfe Keranio
|
Kolfe Keranio (Amharic: ኮልፌ ቀራኒዮ ክፍለ ከተማ), also spelled Kolfe Keraneo or simply Kolfe, is a district of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. As of 2011 its population was of 546,219.
Geography
The district is located in the western suburb of the city, near the Gefersa Reservoir. It borders with the districts of Gullele, Addis Ketema, Lideta and Nifas Silk-Lafto.
List of places
Jemo 2
Mickey Ieland Condo Site
Repi Upper
Admin Level: 11
Asko Area
Asko Bercheko Faberika Area
Atena Tera
Ayer Tena
Gebre Kirstos Bete KristiancXXcZXcZXC
Kolfe Keranio
Koshim
Kurtume Stream
Lekwuanda
Lideta Gebriel Bete Kristian
Nefro Neighborhood
Sost Kuter Mazoria (Total)
Zenebework
Asera Sement Mazoria(Asra sement)
References
External links
Districts of Addis Ababa
|
41047724
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christo%20Louw
|
Christo Louw
|
Christo Louw is a South African rugby league player for the Tuks Bulls. His position is prop. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA.
References
newshandle.com
Rugby league props
South Africa national rugby league team players
South African rugby league players
Tuks Bulls players
|
41047726
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu%20Mei-hung
|
Wu Mei-hung
|
Wu Mei-hung () is a Taiwanese politician. She was the Political Deputy Minister and Spokesperson of the Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) of the Executive Yuan from 2013 to 2015.
Education
Wu obtained her bachelor's degree in law from National Taiwan University.
ROC Mainland Affairs Council Political Deputy Ministry
Possibility of Ma-Xi meeting
On 17 October 2013, Wu said that the possibility of meeting between Ma Ying-jeou and Xi Jinping can only be achieved with the conditions of Leader of Taiwan side must be recognized in his capacity as the President of the Republic of China and that such meeting must be supported by the Taiwanese public. The meeting must also comply with parity and dignity, no matter what the meeting model will be. It must also be held under the condition of nor harming the dignity of the Republic of China, be conductive to the welfare of the Taiwanese and improves cross-strait relations.
Cross-strait relations status quo
Speaking at a press conference on 31 October 2013, Wu said that most of Taiwanese people support to maintain the status quo on cross-strait relations after a recent survey showed that 71% of Taiwanese support independence from China. Wu said that those people who support independence cannot be simply interpreted as supporting independence. She added that based on the several public opinion polls conducted by the MAC to choose between independence or unification, 80% of the respondents always show the support of maintaining the status quo.
ROC flag display by singer Deserts Chang in UK
On 14 November 2013, commenting on the cancellation of concert in Beijing by singer Deserts Chang after a Mainland Chinese audience was angry at her displaying the ROC flag in her concert in the United Kingdom earlier, Wu said that she regretted the concert cancellation, but she respected the decision made by Chang, considering performance quality and the safety of concertgoers. The MAC had communicated with Taiwan Affairs Office (TAO) over this matter. TAO response was positive by saying that younger generations should increase contact and engagement to enhance mutual understanding, feelings of familiarity and ethnic identity.
Mainland China human rights issues
On 23 January 2014, Wu called on Beijing government to rationally handle issues of social justice, judicial integrity and human rights in Mainland China. The statement was made one day after a Chinese mainland activist Xu Zhiyong was tried at court for gathering crowds to disrupt public order.
Attracting mainland students to study in Taiwan
In mid May 2014, Wu said that Taiwan would improve its education and living conditions for the mainland students to attract more mainland students to come to Taiwan to study so that cross-strait communication could be boosted between young people. She added that Taiwan had eased measures to recruit them, such as recognizing mainland universities and colleges degree, increasing the number of mainland students and streamlining the registration process. She said that Taiwan hoped to increase the total number of mainland student to 5,700 later in 2014 from the current 2,850 students.
2015 Ma-Xi Meeting
Wu was one among the six high-level government official from Taiwan during the meeting between Taiwan Leader Ma Ying-jeou and Mainland China Leader Xi Jinping in Singapore on 7 November 2015.
See also
Cross-Strait relations
References
Women government ministers of Taiwan
Government ministers of Taiwan
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
|
41047729
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebase%20Wilderness
|
Firebase Wilderness
|
Firebase Wilderness, also known as Forward Operating Base Tellier, was a joint U.S.-Afghan outpost in Afghanistan, in the Gerda Serai District of Paktia Province.
Overview
The strategic position of FB Wilderness enabled U.S. and Afghan forces to provide security along the Khost-Gardez Pass, a critical route through the Sulaiman Mountains, which connects downtown Khost to Gardez City. FB Wilderness was first occupied in late 2006 after being built from scratch by elements of 3rd Brigade Special Troops Battalion, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division. FB Wilderness then served as a base of operations for U.S. military elements, Afghan National Army soldiers from 1st Brigade, 203rd ANA Corps, and Afghan regional policemen. During the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s, the area of the K-G Pass that Wilderness occupied was the site of frequent mujahedeen attacks on convoys including the Battle for Hill 3234. The historically hostile region was considered a hotbed of activity, especially during the summer months when insurgent forces often targeted Wilderness with mortars and rockets.
In 2007, 82nd Airborne Division paratroopers from 4th Squadron, 73rd Cavalry Regiment and based at FB Wilderness, renamed the firebase to FOB Tellier in honor of their fallen brother, Sergeant Zachary D. Tellier. During a gun battle with insurgent forces in the vicinity of FB Wilderness, SGT Tellier was fatally wounded on Sept. 29, 2007.
In October 2008, the CBS news program 60 Minutes aired a report by Lara Logan from FB Wilderness titled "Afghanistan: Fighting In A "'Hornet's Nest'".
U.S. military occupants
Since its establishment in December 2006, U.S. Army units have assumed control of Wilderness, including:
3rd BCT, 10th Mountain Division
508th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division
506th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division
4th BCT, 25th Infantry Division
187th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division
C Troop 1-61 Cavalry
B Troop, and D Troop, 6th Squadron, 4th Cavalry Regiment, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division
A Battery 1st platoon 1st Battalion 6th Field Artillery Regiment, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division
A Battery, 1st Platoon, 4th Battalion, 320th Field Artillery Regiment, 4th Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division
See also
List of ISAF installations in Afghanistan
References
External links
CBS News: Afghanistan: Fighting In A "Hornet's Nest"
Military installations of the United States in Afghanistan
Fire support bases
|
41047733
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20B.%20Prashant%20More
|
J. B. Prashant More
|
Jean-Baptiste Prashant More (Tamil:ஜின் பாப்டிஸ்ட் பிரசாந்த் மொரே), also known as J B Prashant More, JBP More (Tamil:ஜே பி பிரசாந்த் மொரே, ஜே பி பி மொரே) is a French historian, author and teacher. His area of expertise is South Indian history.
Personal life
JBP More was born to Panjab Rao More and Ellenamma Prouchandy in Pondicherry. Panjab Rao More was a Marathi by descent and he was a Bhakti Poet. He was a follower of Sant Tukaram and Sri Aurobindo. He belongs to the Morè clan who were vassals of the Bijapur Sultanate before being defeated and overcome by Shivaji during his ascension to power.
Authored Books
The Political Evolution of Muslims in Tamilnadu and Madras, 1930-1947
Freedom Movement in French India, The Mahe Revolt of 1948
L’Inde face à Bharati, le Poète rebelle
Muslim identity, Print Culture and the Dravidian factor in India in Tamilnadu
Pudhucheriyil Bharatiyar in Tamil "புதுச்சேரியில் பாரதியார்"
Religion and Society in South India: Hindus, Muslims and Christians
The Telugus of Yanam and Masulipatnam : From French rule to Integration With India
Partition of India: Players and Partners
Rise and Fall of the ‘Dravidian’ Justice party, 1916-1946
Pudhucherry Valartha Bharathiyar in Tamil "புதுச்சேரி வளர்த்த பாரதியார்"
Origin and Early History of the Muslims of Keralam, 700-1600, A.D.
Indian Steamship Ventures 1836-1910. "Darmanathan Prouchandy of Pondicherry, First Steam Navigator from South India, 1891-1900"
Keralathile Muslimkal: Aavirbhavavum Adyakaala Charitravum (700 AD- 1600 AD) in Malayalam "കേരളത്തിലെ മുസ്ലിങ്ങൾ: ആവിർഭാവവും ആദ്യകാല ചരിത്രവും"
From Arikamedu to the Foundation of Modern Pondicherry
Origin and Foundation of Madras
Offerings to the Muslim Warriors of Malabar: Foundation Document of Colonialism and Clash of Civilisations
Tamil Heroes of French India: Their Role in Business, Social Reforms and in Netaji's Freedom Struggle from Vietnam
A Critique of Modern Civilization and Thought: Facts, Non-Facts and Ideas
Dravida Needhi Katchiyin Valarchiyum Veezhchiyum (1916-1946) in Tamil "திராவிட நீதிக் கட்சியின் வளர்ச்சியும் வீழ்ச்சியும் (1916-1946)
Jamal Mohamed - Indian Merchant Prince and Nationlist" (2022)Subramania Bharathi in British and French India: Nationalist, Revivalist or Thamizh Patriot" (UpComing)
References
External links
J B Prashant More – Official website
20th-century French historians
Living people
1955 births
Indian emigrants to France
French male non-fiction writers
21st-century French historians
Historians of India
Naturalized citizens of France
|
41047736
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAP%20line
|
GAP line
|
The Collinsville – Newlands – North Goonyella line, also known as the Goonyella – Abbot Point (GAP) line and the Newlands railway system, is a railway line in Queensland, Australia. It was opened in a series of sections between 1922 and 2012. It commences at Merinda, near Bowen and extends south to North Goonyella coal mine, connecting to the Goonyella railway line. The nearby 13 km line from Kaili to Abbot Point is considered part of the GAP system.
History
The Bowen Basin is today recognised as the largest coal resource in Australia, but its relative remoteness resulted in a lack of priority for a line that would facilitate development of the coalfield. A line was proposed from Bowen to the 'Bowen Coalfield' in 1884, and funding allocated, but the funds were diverted to the Townsville-Ayr railway line when a surveyor described the coal as 'worthless'.
Mining commenced in 1912 at Collinsville, and then in a relatively modest fashion. Coal was being shipped to Townsville and railed to customers due to a lack of efficient transport from Collinsville. The Queensland government was keen to source a local supply of coal for the northern region of the state, and built the line from Merinda, 7 km west of Bowen on the North Coast Line (NCL), 77 km to Collinsville, which opened in 1922.
A 7.6 km private tramway (built to QR standard) junctioning from just south of the Collinsville railway station connected to the Scottsville mine opened in the same year, and also served the cattle yards. A 1.5 km spur to the Dacon mine also opened in 1922, and closed in 1983.
Coal began to be railed to Mount Isa in the 1930s, a distance of . The line was upgraded in conjunction with the Mount Isa railway line in the 1960s as coal volumes grew in line with the expansion of the Mount Isa mines and smelters, enabling 2,000 ton trains hauled by two main line diesels to be introduced.
Newlands extension
In 1978, a mine was proposed at Newlands, and in 1984 a 73 km extension opened to serve the mine. At the same time a new export shipping terminal was built at Abbot Point, with a 13 km line to it junctioning at Kaili on the NCL, 8 km west of Merinda. This included a line bypassing Merinda, though the original line remains.
The original Collinsville section was rebuilt at the same time and the Scottville line was replaced by a new alignment, the terminal called McNaugton in honour of a former mine manager. The Abbot Point to Newlands section now features 53 kg/m rail on concrete sleepers, a 20 tonne axle load, a 1 in 50 (2%) maximum grade and 240 m minimum radius curves. The maximum speed is 80 km/h.
A balloon loop loading facility known as Sonoma was opened 7 km south of Collinsville in 2008. It was built for an axle load of 26.5 tonnes.
GAP extension
As coal mine development in the Bowen Basin accelerated in the early 2000s, Abbot Point was seen as having available loading capacity that could be used if mines on the Goonyella system could access it. This resulted in the line from Newlands being extended 68 km to North Goonyella coal mine, known as the Goonyella – Abbot Point (GAP) project (also sometimes referred to as the Northern Missing Link), opening in 2012. This section was built with 60 kg/m rail, a maximum grade of 1 in 55 (~1.8%), and a maximum axle load of 26.5 tonnes, the same as the Goonyella system.
The Newlands line was proposed for electrification in 1983, but that was deferred in 1986 in lieu of the NCL between Caboolture and Gladstone. A review by Aurizon, the private operator of the line, indicates that electrification could be justified if tonnage reaches 70-80Mtpa, current haulage being ~50M tonnes per annum.
See also
Rail transport in Queensland
References
External links
Map of North Queensland Rail Coal Network
1925 map of the Queensland railway system
Aurizon website
Railway lines in Queensland
Railway lines opened in 1922
|
41047741
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ust-Yansk
|
Ust-Yansk
|
Ust-Yansk (; , Usuyaana) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Ust-Yansky Rural Okrug of Ust-Yansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located from Deputatsky, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 317, down from 341 recorded during the 2002 Census.
References
Notes
Sources
Official website of the Sakha Republic. Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic. Ust-Yansky District.
Rural localities in Ust-Yansky District
Yana basin
|
41047742
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deon%20Kraemer
|
Deon Kraemer
|
Deon Kraemer is a South African rugby league player for the Tuks Bulls. His position is hooker. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA.
References
Kraemer
Kraemer
Tuks Bulls players
Rugby league hookers
|
41047744
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20bonagotoides
|
Anopina bonagotoides
|
Anopina bonagotoides is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Puebla, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
bonagotoides
Moths of Central America
|
41047745
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astropecten%20duplicatus
|
Astropecten duplicatus
|
Astropecten duplicatus, the two-spined sea star, is a starfish in the family Astropectinidae. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.
Description
Astropecten duplicatus normally has five long slender, tapering arms which are flattened dorso-ventrally. The aboral (upper) surface has a single row of large marginal plates around the edges of the arms. These are granular, and the two that are closest to the disc each bear a conical spine, although this is often worn away. Other marginal plates and the plates on the oral (lower) surface bear many fine blunt spinules. The tube feet are pointed and have no suckers. Astropecten duplicatus grows to about in diameter. The aboral surface is pale grey or reddish-brown and the oral surface is pale brown or orange.
Distribution and habitat
Astropecten duplicatus is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. Its range extends from Cape Hatteras, Florida, Cuba and the Bahamas to Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela and Guyana. It is found on sand or other soft sediments and in seagrass meadows at depths down to about .
Biology
Astropecten duplicatus spends the day semi-immersed in the sediment on the seabed. It is a carnivore and at night it hunts for bivalve molluscs and gastropods. It transfers its prey to its mouth with its arms, and swallows it whole, later regurgitating any undigested fragments.
References
External links
Astropecten
Animals described in 1840
Taxa named by John Edward Gray
|
41047751
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20yolox
|
Anopina yolox
|
Anopina yolox is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Oaxaca, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
yolox
Moths of Central America
|
41047753
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudi%20Prinsloo
|
Rudi Prinsloo
|
Rudi Prinsloo is a South African rugby league footballer for the Brakpan Bears. His position is . He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the US.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
South African rugby league players
South Africa national rugby league team players
Brakpan Bears players
Rugby league second-rows
|
41047757
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20yecorana
|
Anopina yecorana
|
Anopina yecorana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Sonora, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
yecorana
Moths of Central America
|
41047768
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard%20de%20Wet
|
Gerhard de Wet
|
Gerhard de Wet is a South African rugby league player for the Tuks Bulls. His position is second row. He is a South African international, and has played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying against Jamaica and the USA.
References
de Wet
de Wet
Tuks Bulls players
Rugby league second-rows
|
41047775
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20wrighti
|
Anopina wrighti
|
Anopina wrighti is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Colorado in the United States.
The wingspan is about 14 mm.
References
Moths described in 2000
wrighti
Moths of North America
|
41047776
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythmic%20gymnastics%20at%20the%202013%20Bolivarian%20Games
|
Rhythmic gymnastics at the 2013 Bolivarian Games
|
Rhythmic gymnastics (Spanish: Gimnasia Rítmica), for the 2013 Bolivarian Games, took place from 27 November to 29 November 2013.
Medal table
Medalists
References
Events at the 2013 Bolivarian Games
Bolivarian Games,2013
Rhythmic gymnastics,Bolivarian Games
Rhythmic gymnastics,2013
|
41047783
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20wellingi
|
Anopina wellingi
|
Anopina wellingi is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Oaxaca, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
wellingi
Moths of Central America
|
41047790
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20volcana
|
Anopina volcana
|
Anopina volcana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Jalisco, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
volcana
Moths of Central America
|
41047797
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20unicana
|
Anopina unicana
|
Anopina unicana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Durango, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
unicana
Moths of Central America
|
41047801
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20transtiliana
|
Anopina transtiliana
|
Anopina transtiliana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
transtiliana
Moths of Central America
|
41047805
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20soltera
|
Anopina soltera
|
Anopina soltera is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
soltera
Moths of Central America
|
41047809
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20sacculapinana
|
Anopina sacculapinana
|
Anopina sacculapinana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
sacculapinana
Moths of Central America
|
41047813
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20salvadorana
|
Anopina salvadorana
|
Anopina salvadorana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in El Salvador.
References
Moths described in 2000
salvadorana
Moths of Central America
|
41047816
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyandi
|
Uyandi
|
Uyandi (; , Uyaancı) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Uyandinsky Rural Okrug of Ust-Yansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located from Deputatsky, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 154, up from 105 recorded during the 2002 Census.
References
Notes
Sources
Official website of the Sakha Republic. Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic. Ust-Yansky District.
Rural localities in Ust-Yansky District
|
41047820
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20rusiasana
|
Anopina rusiasana
|
Anopina rusiasana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Durango, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
rusiasana
Moths of Central America
|
41047821
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynolds%20stress%20equation%20model
|
Reynolds stress equation model
|
Reynolds stress equation model (RSM), also referred to as second moment closures are the most complete classical turbulence model. In these models, the eddy-viscosity hypothesis is avoided and the individual components of the Reynolds stress tensor are directly computed. These models use the exact Reynolds stress transport equation for their formulation. They account for the directional effects of the Reynolds stresses and the complex interactions in turbulent flows. Reynolds stress models offer significantly better accuracy than eddy-viscosity based turbulence models, while being computationally cheaper than Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) and Large Eddy Simulations.
Shortcomings of Eddy-viscosity based models
Eddy-viscosity based models like the and the models have significant shortcomings in complex, real-life turbulent flows. For instance, in flows with streamline curvature, flow separation, flows with zones of re-circulating flow or flows influenced by mean rotational effects, the performance of these models is unsatisfactory.
Such one- and two-equation based closures cannot account for the return to isotropy of turbulence, observed in decaying turbulent flows. Eddy-viscosity based models cannot replicate the behaviour of turbulent flows in the Rapid Distortion limit, where the turbulent flow essentially behaves as an elastic medium (instead of viscous).
Reynolds Stress Transport Equation
Reynolds Stress equation models rely on the Reynolds Stress Transport equation. The equation for the transport of kinematic Reynolds stress is
Rate of change of + Transport of by convection = Transport of by diffusion + Rate of production of + Transport of due to turbulent pressure-strain interactions + Transport of due to rotation + Rate of dissipation of .
The six partial differential equations above represent six independent Reynolds stresses. While the Production term () is closed and does not require modelling, the other terms, like pressure strain correlation () and dissipation (), are unclosed and require closure models.
Production term
The Production term that is used in CFD computations with Reynolds stress transport equations is
=
Physically, the Production term represents the action of the mean velocity gradients working against the Reynolds stresses. This accounts for the transfer of kinetic energy from the mean flow to the fluctuating velocity field. It is responsible for sustaining the turbulence in the flow through this transfer of energy from the large scale mean motions to the small scale fluctuating motions.
This is the only term that is closed in the Reynolds Stress Transport Equations. It requires no models for its direct evaluation. All other terms in the Reynolds Stress Transport Equations are unclosed and require closure models for their evaluation.
Rapid Pressure-Strain Correlation term
The rapid pressure-strain correlation term redistributes energy among the Reynolds stresses components. This is dependent on the mean velocity gradient and rotation of the co-ordinate axes. Physically, this arises due to the interaction among the fluctuating velocity field and the mean velocity gradient field. The simplest linear form of the model expression is
Here is the Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor, is the rate of strain term for the mean velocity field and is the rate of rotation term for the mean velocity field. By convention, are the coefficients of the rapid pressure strain correlation model. There are many different models for the rapid pressure strain correlation term that are used in simulations. These include the Launder-Reece-Rodi model, the Speziale-Sarkar-Gatski model, the Hallback-Johanssen model, the Mishra-Girimaji model, besides others.
Slow Pressure-Strain Correlation term
The slow pressure-strain correlation term redistributes energy among the Reynolds stresses. This is responsible for the return to isotropy of decaying turbulence where it redistributes energy to reduce the anisotropy in the Reynolds stresses. Physically, this term is due to the self-interactions amongst the fluctuating field. The model expression for this term is given as
There are many different models for the slow pressure strain correlation term that are used in simulations. These include the Rotta model
, the Speziale-Sarkar model
, besides others.
Dissipation term
The traditional modelling of the dissipation rate tensor assumes that the small dissipative eddies are isotropic. In this model the dissipation only affects the normal Reynolds stresses.
= or = 0
where is dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, = 1 when i = j and 0 when i ≠ j and is the dissipation rate anisostropy defined as = .
However, as has been shown by e.g. Rogallo,
Schumann & Patterson,
Uberoi,
Lee & Reynolds and Groth, Hallbäck & Johansson
there exist many situations where this simple model of the dissipation rate tensor is insufficient due to the fact that even the small dissipative eddies are anisotropic. To account for this anisotropy in the dissipation rate tensor Rotta proposed a linear model relating the anisotropy of the dissipation rate stress tensor to the anisotropy of the stress tensor.
= or =
where = = .
The parameter is assumed to be a function the turbulent Reynolds number, the mean strain rate etc. Physical considerations imply that should tend to zero when the turbulent Reynolds number tends to infinity and to unity when the turbulent Reynolds number tends to zero. However, the strong realizability condition implies that should be identically equal to 1.
Based on extensive physical and numerical (DNS and EDQNM) experiments in combination with a strong adherence to fundamental physical and mathematical limitations and boundary conditions Groth, Hallbäck and Johansson proposed an improved model for the dissipation rate tensor.
=
where = is the second invariant of the tensor and is a parameter that, in principle, could depend on the turbulent Reynolds number, the mean strain rate parameter etc.
However, Groth, Hallbäck and Johansson used rapid distortion theory to evaluate the limiting value of which turns out to be 3/4. Using this value the model was tested in DNS-simulations of four different homogeneous turbulent flows. Even though the parameters in the cubic dissipation rate model were fixed through the use of realizability and RDT prior to the comparisons with the DNS data the agreement between model and data was very good in all four cases.
The main difference between this model and the linear one is that each component of is influenced by the complete anisotropic state. The benefit of this cubic model is apparent from the case of an irrotational plane strain in which the streamwise component of is close to zero for moderate strain rates whereas the corresponding component of is not. Such a behaviour cannot be described by a linear model.
Diffusion term
The modelling of diffusion term is based on the assumption that the rate of transport of Reynolds stresses by diffusion is proportional to the gradients of Reynolds stresses. This is an application of the concept of the gradient diffusion hypothesis to modeling the effect of spatial redistribution of the Reynolds stresses due to the fluctuating velocity field. The simplest form of that is followed by commercial CFD codes is
= =
where = , = 1.0 and = 0.09.
Rotational term
The rotational term is given as
here is the rotation vector, =1 if i,j,k are in cyclic order and are different,=-1 if i,j,k are in anti-cyclic order and are different and =0 in case any two indices are same.
Advantages of RSM
1) Unlike the k-ε model which uses an isotropic eddy viscosity, RSM solves all components of the turbulent transport.
2) It is the most general of all turbulence models and works reasonably well for a large number of engineering flows.
3) It requires only the initial and/or boundary conditions to be supplied.
4) Since the production terms need not be modeled, it can selectively damp the stresses due to buoyancy, curvature effects etc.
See also
Reynolds Stress
Isotropy
Turbulence Modeling
Eddy
k-epsilon turbulence model
See also
k-epsilon turbulence model
Mixing length model
References
Bibliography
"Turbulent Flows", S. B. Pope, Cambridge University Press (2000).
"Modelling Turbulence in Engineering and the Environment: Second-Moment Routes to Closure", Kemal Hanjalić and Brian Launder, Cambridge University Press (2011).
Turbulence
Turbulence models
|
41047824
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20revolcaderos
|
Anopina revolcaderos
|
Anopina revolcaderos is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Durango, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
revolcaderos
Moths of Central America
|
41047846
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20quadritiliana
|
Anopina quadritiliana
|
Anopina quadritiliana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
quadritiliana
Moths of Central America
|
41047850
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Luz%C3%A1n
|
José Luzán
|
José Luzán (1710 – 1785), also José Luzán y Martínez, was a Spanish Baroque painter.
Son of the painter and gilder of retablos Juan Luzán, Luzán married Teresa, daughter of John Zabalo, who was also a painter and designer of altarpieces.
Thanks to the patronage of the Pignatelli family, Luzán studied in Naples, where he met the Italian Baroque master Giuseppe Mastroleo. He returned to Zaragoza around 1730 to establish an academy, which enjoyed great success. He was named reviewer of paintings by the Spanish Inquisition and in 1741 was appointed by Philip V of Spain as supernumerary painter of the Royal House. The study of the rich collections of the palace allowed him to considerably refine his style. Following on from the gloomy tone of his early works, he acquired a taste for warm coloring, dominating with the yellow, ochre and red in his palette, and lightened the burden of his brushstrokes. In the 1760s, he executed large works and bold compositions, which made clear his status as one of the most gifted eighteenth century painters of religious subjects.
Luzán enjoyed much prestige as a teacher and author. Among his disciples were Francisco Bayeu y Subías, and Francisco Goya.
Luzán left Madrid to direct the Academy of Painting and Sculpture in Zaragoza, if only briefly, as the institution went through severe financial difficulties and had to close. He managed to see it reopened in 1784, but his health would no longer allow him to teach. He died in his hometown shortly thereafter in 1785.
External links and references
Lorente, Stephen, "The Chapel of San Marco and the Easter Memorial Cathedral of Saragossa", Journal of Research of the College of Logroño, t. II, 1976, p. 97-103.
Ramirez Family in the Great Aragon Encyclopedia (Spanish)
1705 births
1770 deaths
18th-century Spanish painters
18th-century Spanish male artists
Spanish male painters
Artists from Zaragoza
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.