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41047852
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiggy%20Manicad
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Jiggy Manicad
|
Rodrigo Defeo Manicad Jr. ( ; born November 15, 1974), popularly known as Jiggy Manicad, is a Filipino television news producer/reporter and newscaster.
He was formerly an anchor of the weekend edition of GMA Network's flagship news program 24 Oras and on GMA News TV's Quick Response Team before resigning from the network in April 2018 and running as a senator on the 2019 Midterm Elections under PDP–Laban. Later after the election, he returns to GMA Network due to his work with Marnie Manicad and the Team MMPI clients for the show Agripreneur.
Early life and career
Rodrigo Defeo Manicad Jr. is the son of Rodrigo Manicad Sr. and Lusviminda Defeo Manicad. He was born on November 15, 1974. He finished elementary and secondary in San Pablo Colleges. He took Communication Arts at the University of the Philippines Los Baños. As a kid, he loved animals especially dogs. His dog Tikboy was chosen as one of the K-9 dogs of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI). He worked as assistant editor of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Years later, he found himself back in Manila, becoming one of the writers of the popular show Magandang Gabi... Bayan in ABS-CBN. He later transferred to GMA Network for he wanted to become a newscaster. He got the shot and is currently working as a reporter for Reporter's Notebook. During the May 1, 2001, Riot in Mendiola, San Miguel, Manila, he seriously injured his head in the middle of the riot between the protesters and the authorities.
His stories include insurgency and extremism in Mindanao, disasters, and the illegal arms trade. In 2004, he was awarded the British Chevening Scholarship Award. He then took a postgraduate course in International Broadcast Journalism at Cardiff University in Wales. He was chosen from 800 applicant journalists from all over the country. As part of the program, he had his practicum at the BBC in Norwich, England. He is also an awardee of Ten Outstanding Young Men for 2012 for journalism.
On April 20, 2018, Manicad announces his departure from GMA Network and his resignation from media service during his program, News TV Quick Response Team, after the prospective senatorial candidate under the ruling PDP–Laban political party for 2019 midterm elections. After the senatorial debates, Jiggy Manicad returns to GMA for his sole show, Agripreneur.
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
Mass media people from Quezon City
Bicolano people
People from Camarines Norte
University of the Philippines Los Baños alumni
Filipino television news anchors
Filipino reporters and correspondents
GMA Network personalities
GMA Integrated News and Public Affairs people
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41047853
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Keenan
|
Tony Keenan
|
Tony Keenan (born 6 May 1964) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Keenan, from Greensborough, captained the 1981 Victorian Teal Cup team, which featured future greats Dermott Brereton, Gary Pert and Paul Salmon. He also played in the 1980 Victorian Teal Cup team.
A ruckman and key position player, Keenan played three VFL games for Collingwood, two in 1982 and one in 1984. He was traded to Melbourne midway through the 1984 season, in return for fellow ruckman Glenn McLean, but suffered a knee injury before joining his new club and didn't play for the rest of the year. The following season he was again on the sidelines after dislocating a shoulder and undergoing reconstructive surgery. He left Melbourne without playing a senior game and then had stints at Preston, Bulleen-Templestowe and Norwood.
References
1964 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Collingwood Football Club players
Preston Football Club (VFA) players
Norwood Football Club players
Living people
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41047861
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961%20VFA%20season
|
1961 VFA season
|
The 1961 Victorian Football Association season was the 80th season of the Australian rules football competition. The season saw a significant change in the structure of the Association, with the competition split into two divisions, with promotion and relegation between them, a system which remained in place until 1988.
The Division 1 premiership was won by the Yarraville Football Club, after it defeated Williamstown in the Grand Final on 30 September by 63 points; it was Yarraville's second and final VFA premiership, and its first since 1935. The inaugural Division 2 premiership was won by Northcote; it was the club's first premiership in either division since 1936.
Division of the competition
Since 1956, the Association had been attempting to expand from fourteen to twenty clubs, and part of the plan to manage this was to operate in two divisions of ten clubs each. There had been two structures proposed for this: the first would see the clubs divided geographically into Northern and Southern divisions, based on their position relative to the Yarra River, and the premiers from each division would play off for the Association-wide premiership at the end of the season; the second would see a top division and a second division with promotion and relegation between them. A partial approach to geographical divisions had been trialled since 1958, with all teams competing in a single division but fixtured to play most games against teams in their geographical section. However, it was becoming recognised that difference in class between the strongest clubs and the weakest clubs was widening, resulting in a lot of very one-sided matches; it was thought that dividing into a top and second division would allow teams in both divisions to play more competitive matches, and therefore attract greater public interest.
The matter of division was discussed on 2 December 1960. The motion to change required a three-quarters majority to pass, and passed by exactly that margin, 27–9; and, in fact, the motion would have been defeated had Mordialloc, one of the five clubs to oppose the change, sent both of its delegates to the meeting; its second delegate, Jack Danckert, was unavailable as his wife was expecting to give birth, and Mordialloc did not have time to arrange for his proxy to attend, leaving it with only one of its two votes. The five clubs to vote against the motion were Mordialloc, which was destined for Division 1, and Camberwell, Dandenong, Preston and Sunshine, which were all destined for Division 2. Yarraville and Northcote had been expected to oppose the change, but both ultimately voted for it. Clubs opposed to the change were concerned that the prestige and popularity of Division 2 would be significantly diminished, such that it would become seen as little more than a junior competition, and that local councils may withdraw their support for lower division teams.
The arrangements for the division of the Association were as follows:
The top ten clubs from 1960 would make up Division 1.
The remaining seven clubs would make up Division 2.
Any new club to join the Association would begin in Division 2.
Promotion and relegation was decided by:
The tenth-placed team in Division 1 would automatically be relegated to Division 2
The Division 2 premiers would automatically be promoted to Division 1
The Division 2 runners-up would play-off against the ninth-placed team from Division 1, with the winning team to play Division 1 the following season; this provision was abandoned after only two seasons
Each club's Seconds and Thirds would always play in the same division as the firsts
The two-division format was used in the VFA from 1961 until 1988, although the promotion and relegation structure was restructured in 1982.
Association Membership
The Association actively sought an eighteenth team to balance the fixture in Division 2. Springvale, a former power club in Caulfield Oakleigh District League, which had switched to the Federal League in the mid-1950s and won the 1960 premiership, was approached by the Association as its first choice for admission, but the club was concerned that it was not yet ready for senior football, and that its proximity to the popular Oakleigh and Dandenong clubs would stifle its competitiveness. The Association then took applications from two Caulfield Oakleigh District League clubs: Glen Waverley, a power club of the 1950s, and East Malvern, the 1960 premiers. East Malvern, like Springvale, ultimately decided that it was not ready for the step up to senior football, so on 21 December 1960, it withdrew its application and Glen Waverley was admitted to the Association. The club was renamed the Waverley Football Club, and played its matches on the Central Reserve in Glen Waverley.
In January 1961, the future of the struggling Brighton Football Club for the 1961 season looked bleak. The club had few supporters, few assets, and when a committee meeting on 20 January to appoint a coach drew only seven committeemen, the club realised that it had barely enough off-field manpower to operate its administration. In a general meeting on 26 January attended by only fourteen voting members and 35 people in total, it was proposed to disband the club, but the members voted 10–4 to continue operating – buoyed by hopes that Sunday matches and a more competitive fixture in Division 2 would help the club. However, even in Division 2, the club endured one of the worst VFA seasons on record (winless with a percentage of only 29.0 and an average losing margin of 103 points), its best players were leaving the club in favour of the Federal League, and the possibility of disbanding was again on the club's agenda ten months later.
Sunday football
Following its success in 1960, the Association continued to play matches on Sundays. As in 1960, any match could be moved from Saturday to Sunday by mutual agreement between the clubs, with approval from the ground management and local council, and with part of the gate donated to charity. Sunday crowds continued to be strong, and clubs who hosted the matches found that even with the donation, they were earning as much from one Sunday game as they were from three or four Saturday games. After Oakleigh withdrew from playing Sunday games at mid-season, nine of the Association's eighteen clubs were willing and able to play Sunday games.
Division 1
The Division 1 home-and-home season was played over 22 rounds – spread over 21 weekends with a full round on Anzac Day Tuesday. The top four then contested the finals under the Page–McIntyre system, abandoning the top six format which had been used in the single-division 1960 season. Division 1 finals continued to be played at the St Kilda Cricket Ground on Saturdays.
Ladder
Finals
Awards
The leading goalkicker for the season was Bob Bonnett (Port Melbourne), who kicked 111 goals.
The J. J. Liston Trophy was won by Doug Beasy (Box Hill), who polled 39 votes. Beasy finished ahead of Graham Crook (Yarraville), who polled 29 votes, and Ray Smith (Williamstown), who polled 28 votes.
Sandringham won the seconds premiership. Sandringham 12.11 (83) defeated Oakleigh 10.12 (72) in the Grand Final, played as a curtain-raiser to the firsts Grand Final on 30 September.
Division 2
The Division 2 home-and-home season was played over 18 rounds, four fewer than Division 1. The season started on the same weekend, but finished three weeks earlier, with no matches on Anzac Day. The top four played finals under the Page–McIntyre system. The Division 2 Grand Final was scheduled for the same weekend as the Division 1 First semi-final, with the promotion-relegation playoff scheduled for the following weekend. Division 2 finals were played at Toorak Park on Sundays.
Ladder
Finals
Awards
The leading goalkicker for Division 2 was Ron O'Neill (Camberwell), who kicked 85 goals in the home-and-home season, and a further ten goals in finals.
The Division 2 Best and Fairest was won by Pat Fitzgerald (Sunshine), who polled 35 votes. Neil Wright (Northcote) was second with 25 votes, and Don Scott (Waverley) was third with 20 votes.
Preston won the seconds premiership. Preston 15.22 (112) defeated Northcote 12.5 (77) in the Grand Final, played as a stand-alone match on Saturday, 2 September at Dandenong.
Promotion and relegation
Division 2 premier Northcote was promoted to Division 1 for 1962, and tenth-placed Division 1 club Box Hill was relegated to Division 2. A play-off for promotion was held between Division 2 runners-up, Dandenong and ninth-placed Division 1 club Mordialloc; Mordialloc won by 23 points, and therefore held its place in Division 1 for 1962.
Notable events
Anzac Day
Anzac Day fell on a Tuesday in 1961. According to the Anzac Day Act, the R.S.L. would receive half of any Anzac Day gate less expenses, so the R.S.L. was keen to see high-drawing football matches played on the day. The Association scheduled a full round of Division 1 matches, and the Victorian Football League scheduled two of its six Round 3 matches, both at low-capacity venues (Windy Hill and Punt Road Oval).
The R.S.L. was disappointed that the League had not scheduled a match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, so Sandringham arranged to move its match against Moorabbin to the venue instead. The build-up to the match was one of the biggest in Association history: the Association prepared a spectacle of a similar scale to the AFL's modern Anzac Day clash – featuring a troupe of marching girls, the Southern Command Band playing the Last Post, Reveille and the national anthem, and running races at half time – the final quarter of the match was to be televised, and the R.S.L. urged the public to support the Association match ahead of the suburban League matches.
With this build-up, and the interest in a match between two strong rival clubs, the Association hoped to attract as many as 60,000 spectators, which would have exceeded the 1939 Grand Final (47,000 spectators) as the largest crowd in its history. However, a disappointing crowd of only 13,842 attended – by comparison, the League match at the neighbouring Punt Road Oval drew 27,650, and the match at Windy Hill drew 32,000. A strong gate and donation to the R.S.L. was still drawn, but considering that the next Sandringham–Moorabbin match at Moorabbin Oval also drew 14,000, it is questionable whether switching to the Melbourne Cricket Ground drew any extra fans.
Interstate matches
The Association played one interstate match during 1961, against Tasmania in Hobart on Queen's Birthday, Monday, 12 June 1961. Jim Cleary, coach of Division 2 club Dandenong, was a surprise choice as coach; Williamstown's Ray Smith was captain. An inaccurate goalkicking display saw the Association kick twelve behinds before registering its first goal, and Tasmania went on to defeat the Association by 23 points.
Other notable events
The Elsternwick Park management regraded Elsternwick Park during the 1961 season, so the Brighton Football Club could not play there; Brighton instead played its matches at Sandringham and Brighton Beach Oval. Brighton never ultimately returned to Elsternwick Park, as the ground's management refused to lease the ground to the struggling club in 1962, leading to its move to Caulfield.
The Association purchased the Clydebank building in Jolimont to use as its administrative headquarters, moving out of the VCA Building in Collins Place.
On 17 June, Brunswick's Jim Whiley, who was usually a defender but had just begun playing in the forward line, kicked a goal after the final siren from a free kick to win the game; Brunswick 12.17 (89) defeated Sandringham 12.16 (88).
In a seconds match, Sunshine scored 57.42 (384) against a struggling Brighton team which was finding it increasingly difficult to find enough players to fill a seconds team. It set a new record for the highest score across all grades of the Association.
In heavy rain on 8 July, George Mazouris kicked Williamstown's only goal against Yarraville in the final few minutes of the game. Yarraville 4.8 (32) defeated Williamstown 1.5 (11).
On Sunday 16 July, Brunswick 12.20 (92) defeated Port Melbourne 11.13 (79). Port Melbourne protested the result on the basis that Brunswick's Ian Lewis, who took the field as a replacement during the game, was ineligible to play after having played in Brunswick's Seconds match on the Saturday, a rule it believed to have been introduced when Sunday games were introduced in 1960; the Association dismissed the protest after confirming that no such rule actually existed.
External links
List of VFA/VFL premiers
References
Victorian Football League seasons
VFL
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41047865
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chukovezer%20Island
|
Chukovezer Island
|
Chukovezer Island (, ) is the rocky island lying off the northwest coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. The feature is long in southeast-northwest direction and wide.
The island is named after the settlement of Chukovezer in Western Bulgaria.
Location
Chukovezer Island is located at , north by east of Cape Monaco and south of Gerlache Point. British mapping in 1974.
Maps
Anvers Island and Brabant Island. Scale 1:250000 topographic map. BAS 250 Series, Sheet SQ 19-20/3&4. London, 1974.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
References
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
Chukovezer Island. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
External links
Chukovezer Island. Copernix satellite image
Islands of the Palmer Archipelago
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
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41047883
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20chelatana
|
Anopina chelatana
|
Anopina chelatana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
chelatana
Moths of Central America
|
41047885
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promenade%20Beach
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Promenade Beach
|
Rock Beach (or, known as, "Pondicherry Beach". French: Plage de la promenade) is the popular stretch of beachfront in the city of Puducherry, India, along the Bay of Bengal. It is a 1.2-kilometre-long stretch in Pondicherry, starts from War Memorial and end at Dupleix Park on the Goubert Avenue.
Other attractions
War Memorial
Chief Secretariat
The Promenade
Le Café
Mahatma Gandhi statue
Dupleix Park
Panoramas
Gallery
See also
Puducherry (union territory)
Pondicherry (city)
Tourism in Puducherry
References
Promenade Beach Timings
[[Category:Beaches of Puducherry]]
Tourist attractions in Puducherry
Pondicherry (city)
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41047886
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythroneura
|
Erythroneura
|
Erythroneura is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae.
Species
The following 79 species are recognised in the genus Erythroneura:
Erythroneura aclys
Erythroneura acuticephala
Erythroneura amanda
Erythroneura ancora
Erythroneura anfracta
Erythroneura ariadne
Erythroneura atropictila
Erythroneura aza
Erythroneura bakeri
Erythroneura beameri
Erythroneura bidens
Erythroneura bistrata
Erythroneura bistrig
Erythroneura browni
Erythroneura caetra
Erythroneura calycula
Erythroneura cancellata
Erythroneura carinata
Erythroneura cassavae
Erythroneura chaudhrii
Erythroneura claripennis
Erythroneura coloradensis
Erythroneura comes
Erythroneura corni
Erythroneura cymbium
Erythroneura delicata
Erythroneura diva
Erythroneura doris
Erythroneura elegans
Erythroneura elegantula
Erythroneura evansi
Erythroneura festiva
Erythroneura fiduciaria
Erythroneura flavogutta
Erythroneura fraxa
Erythroneura fulvidorsum
Erythroneura gilensis
Erythroneura glabra
Erythroneura glavogutta
Erythroneura harmsi
Erythroneura infuscata
Erythroneura integra
Erythroneura ipoloa
Erythroneura kanwakae
Erythroneura kashmirensis
Erythroneura kennedyi
Erythroneura kerzhneri
Erythroneura lalage
Erythroneura leveri
Erythroneura macarangae
Erythroneura modesta
Erythroneura nayavua
Erythroneura nudata
Erythroneura octonotata
Erythroneura omaska
Erythroneura ontari
Erythroneura ortha
Erythroneura palimpsesta
Erythroneura plagiata
Erythroneura pontifex
Erythroneura postica
Erythroneura prima
Erythroneura prosata
Erythroneura reflecta
Erythroneura rewana
Erythroneura rosa
Erythroneura rubra
Erythroneura rubrella
Erythroneura shirozui
Erythroneura subfumata
Erythroneura tacita
Erythroneura triapitsyni
Erythroneura tricincta
Erythroneura urakensis
Erythroneura vaga
Erythroneura vagabunda
Erythroneura vitifex
Erythroneura vitis
Erythroneura ziczac
References
External links
Cicadellidae genera
Erythroneurini
Taxa named by Asa Fitch
|
41047888
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20chemsaki
|
Anopina chemsaki
|
Anopina chemsaki is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Puebla, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
chemsaki
Moths of Central America
|
41047891
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20chipinquensis
|
Anopina chipinquensis
|
Anopina chipinquensis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Nuevo León, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
chipinquensis
Moths of Central America
|
41047906
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20chiricahuae
|
Anopina chiricahuae
|
Anopina chiricahuae is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Arizona in the United States.
References
Moths described in 2000
chiricahuae
Moths of North America
|
41047910
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899%20in%20China
|
1899 in China
|
Events from the year 1899 in China.
Incumbents
Guangxu Emperor
Viceroys
Viceroy of Zhili — Yulu
Viceroy of Min-Zhe — Xu Yingkui
Viceroy of Huguang — Zhang Zhidong
Viceroy of Shaan-Gan — Tao Mo then Wei Guangtao
Viceroy of Liangguang — Tan Zhonglin then Deshou
Viceroy of Yun-Gui — Songfan
Viceroy of Sichuan — Kuijun
Viceroy of Liangjiang — Liu Kunyi
Events
October 18 - Battle of Senluo Temple, a clash between members of the "Militia United in Righteousness" (義和團) better known as the "Boxers") and Qing government troops that took place on October 18, 1899, near a temple located on the western edge of Pingyuan County in northwestern Shandong.
Births
January 29 - Qu Qiubai
August 21 - Fang Zhimin
November 18 - Li Lisan
1890s in China
Years of the 19th century in China
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41047911
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20JSM%20Challenger%20of%20Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana%20%E2%80%93%20Doubles
|
2013 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana – Doubles
|
Devin Britton and Austin Krajicek were the defending champions but Britton decided not to participate.
Krajicek partnered with Tennys Sandgren, but lost in the final to the British pairing of Edward Corrie and Daniel Smethurst 7–6(7–5), 0–6, [10–7].
Seeds
Draw
Draw
References
Main Draw
Qualifying Draw
JSM Challenger of Champaign-Urbana - Doubles
2013 Doubles
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41047916
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akfen%20Holding
|
Akfen Holding
|
Akfen Holding is an infrastructure focused conglomerate based in Turkey founded in 1976 by Hamdi Akın and earned its status as a holding company in 1999.
The group often partners with leading multinationals and organizations like PSA International, Accor Hotels, IFM Investors, EBRD and IFC.
Current portfolio
MIP: the operator of Mersin's container port until 2056, Akfen holds a 10% stake in MIP.
IDO: the leading ferry operator in Turkey, Akfen and Tepe Group are equal partners in Istanbul Deniz Otobusleri.
Akfen Renewables: a 700MW renewable electricity generation platform, publicly traded on Borsa Istanbul under the ticker symbol AKFYE. Akfen holds a 66.5% stake in AKFYE. Before its IPO, EBRD and IFC each held close to 17% of AKFYE.
Akfen REIT: a REIT focused on city hotels under Accor brands Ibis and Novotel, publicly traded on Borsa Istanbul under the ticker symbol AKFGY. Akfen and its shareholders (Akın family) together hold a 55.5% stake in AKFGY. Akfen REIT issued the first convertible bond in Turkey.
Acacia Mining: the owner & operator of Gökırmak copper mine project in Turkey's Kastamonu province, Akfen holds a 45.5% stake in Acacia Mining. Acacia received $145M in project financing from 3 banks (Société Générale, BNP Paribas, ING Group) in 2018, a first in the Turkish mining industry which relies heavily on equity.
Akfen Construction: the construction company for various group activities, Akfen holds 100% of Akfen Construction. The company entered into a PPP to build 3 large-scale hospitals and leasing them back to the Turkish Ministry of Health for 25 years: the 755-bed Isparta City Hospital, the 1081-bed Eskişehir City Hospital and the 566-bed Tekirdağ City Hospital. Overall investment made by Akfen for these 3 hospitals amount to $1.1B.
Notable investments
TAV Airports
Founded by Tepe Group, Akfen Group and Vienna Airports in 1997, TAV Airports won the tender to build Istanbul Atatürk Airport, one of the first examples of BOT projects in the world.
Following the growth of airport tenders in Turkey based on the BOT model, TAV quickly built a portfolio of airport concessions.
TAV grew by creating an ecosystem of companies around airport operations:
ATÜ to operate duty-free shops within airports (a joint-venture with Heinemann)
BTA to offer food & beverage services within airports
TGS to offer airport ground services (a joint-venture with Turkish Airlines)
Havaş to offer shuttle services between airports and city centers
Akfen exited its investment in TAV to Aeroports de Paris Group in two installments, it sold 38% of TAV for $874M in 2012 and its remaining 8% for $160M in 2017.
Mersin International Port (MIP)
Founded by Akfen Group and PSA International in 2007, MIP won the 36-year privatization tender for Mersin's container port for $755M.
When the consortium took over the port's operations, it handled 400.000 TEU. In 10 years, MIP grew the handled load to 1.600.000 TEU through significant capacity increases.
Akfen partially exited its investment in MIP, it sold 40% of MIP to Australian infrastructure fund IFM Investors for $869M.
TÜVTürk
Founded by TÜV Sud, Doğuş Group and Akfen Group in 2007, TÜVTürk won the tender for a 20-year monopoly for periodic vehicle inspections in Turkey starting from 2007.
Akfen exited its investment in TÜVTürk, it sold its 33% stake in TÜVTürk to Bridgepoint Group for an undisclosed sum.
Social responsibility
Turkey Human Resources Foundation (TİKAV) was founded in 1999. TIKAV, which was founded by the Akin Family, conducts studies on bringing up socially and culturally well-equipped youngsters that are studying in the universities of the East and Southeast Region of Turkey, and raising the leaders of the future. The Foundation actualizes Akfen Holding's social responsibility projects.
References
Holding companies of Turkey
Turkish brands
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41047918
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayylyk
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Sayylyk
|
Sayylyk () is the name of several rural localities in the Sakha Republic, Russia:
Sayylyk, Kobyaysky District, Sakha Republic, a selo in Mukuchunsky Rural Okrug of Kobyaysky District
Sayylyk, Nyurbinsky District, Sakha Republic, a selo in Khorulinsky Rural Okrug of Nyurbinsky District
Sayylyk, Ust-Yansky District, Sakha Republic, a selo in Silyannyakhsky Rural Okrug of Ust-Yansky District
Sayylyk, Verkhnevilyuysky District, Sakha Republic, a selo in Meyiksky Rural Okrug of Verkhnevilyuysky District
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41047920
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20internacionana
|
Anopina internacionana
|
Anopina internacionana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Durango, Mexico and Arizona and Colorado in the United States.
The wingspan is 13–15 mm.
References
Moths described in 2000
internacionana
Moths of North America
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41047924
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20hermana
|
Anopina hermana
|
Anopina hermana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Chihuahua, Mexico and Arizona, United States.
The wingspan is 12–14 mm.
References
Moths described in 2000
hermana
Moths of Central America
Moths of North America
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41047931
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20circumtila
|
Anopina circumtila
|
Anopina circumtila is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Durango, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
circumtila
Moths of Central America
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41047945
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broughton%20Knox
|
Broughton Knox
|
David Broughton Knox (26 December 1916 – 14 January 1994) was principal of Moore Theological College from 1959 until 1985; and considered by some as the "Father of Contemporary Sydney Anglicanism".
Knox was born in Adelaide and educated at Knox Grammar School and the University of Sydney. He was ordained deacon in 1941 and priest in 1942. After two years as a curate in Cambridge in England he was a RNVR chaplain during World War II. He began his long association with Moore Theological College in 1947.
In 1986, a Festschrift was published in his honour. God who is Rich in Mercy: Essays presented to Dr. D. B. Knox included contributions from Donald W. B. Robinson, James I. Packer, Graeme Goldsworthy, Francis I. Andersen, Paul W. Barnett, Leon Morris, William J. Dumbrell, F. F. Bruce, Peter T. O'Brien, David G. Peterson, Marcus Loane, Klaas Runia, Peter F. Jensen, and Geoffrey W. Bromiley.
Muriel Porter suggests that Knox's appointment as principal was "one of the most important events for the shaping of the Sydney Diocese as it is today", particularly in the way Knox's theology emphasised propositional revelation and his ecclesiology emphasised the local church.
References
Further reading
1916 births
1994 deaths
People educated at Knox Grammar School
University of Sydney alumni
Australian Anglican priests
Christian Young Earth creationists
20th-century Church of England clergy
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II
Evangelical Anglican clergy
Evangelical Anglican theologians
Academic staff of Moore Theological College
|
41047954
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20condata
|
Anopina condata
|
Anopina condata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
condata
Moths of Central America
|
41047959
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1901%20in%20China
|
1901 in China
|
The following lists events that happened during 1901 in the Empire of the Great Qing.
Incumbents
Guangxu Emperor (22nd year)
Events
August - Eight-legged essay in imperial examinations is abolished
September 7 - Boxer Protocol
Births
April 13 - Zhao Shiyan
August 26 - Chen Yi (general)
November 6 - Yang Kaihui
Deaths
November 7 - Li Hongzhang
1900s in China
Years of the 20th century in China
China
China
|
41047964
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20dentata
|
Anopina dentata
|
Anopina dentata is a species of moth from the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
dentata
Moths of Central America
|
41047973
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhlocybinae
|
Typhlocybinae
|
Typhlocybinae is a subfamily of insects in the leafhopper family, Cicadellidae. This is currently the second largest leafhopper subfamily based on the number of described species, but researchers believe there are so many taxa yet undescribed that it is probably the largest subfamily. Approximately 6000 species have been described to science so far.
Tribes
Entomologists divide the subfamily into four to ten tribes. Five tribes are generally accepted:
Alebrini
Dikraneurini
Empoascini
Erythroneurini
Typhlocybini
Selected genera
Alebra
Dikrella
Dziwneono
Empoasca
Erasmoneura Young, 1952
Eupteryx
Jacobiasca
Sweta Viraktamath & Dietrich, 2011
Typhlocyba
Gallery
References
Cicadellidae
|
41047978
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20durangoensis
|
Anopina durangoensis
|
Anopina durangoensis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Durango, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
durangoensis
Moths of Central America
|
41048005
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1898%20in%20China
|
1898 in China
|
Events from the year 1898 in China (戊戌).
Incumbents
Guangxu Emperor (24th year)
Viceroys
Viceroy of Zhili — Wang Wenshao then Ronglu then Yuan Shikai then Yulu
Viceroy of Min-Zhe — Bian Baoquan then Xu Yingkui
Viceroy of Huguang — Zhang Zhidong
Viceroy of Shaan-Gan — Tao Mo
Viceroy of Liangguang — Tan Zhonglin
Viceroy of Yun-Gui — Songfan
Viceroy of Sichuan — Yulu then Kuijun
Viceroy of Liangjiang — Liu Kunyi
Events
March 9 Kiautschou Bay concession leasing Qingdao to German Empire "on 6 March 1898 the German Empire retreated from outright cession of the area and accepted a leasehold of the bay for 99 years, or until 1997"
March 27 Convention for the Lease of the Liaotung Peninsula or Pavlov Agreement for Russian Dalian
May 29 Lease of Guangzhouwan to France
June 9 - Convention between England and China Respecting an Extension of Hong Kong Territory, the New Territories leased to England for 99 years
June 11-September 21 - Hundred Days' Reform
June 11, Emperor Guangxu promulgated the decree of Clear Instructions for Important Affairs of State
July 1 Lease of Weihaiwei under British rule
Imperial University of Peking (now Peking University) founded
Births
March 5 - Zhou Enlai
May - Wang Zuo
June - Zhang Tailei
October - Yuan Wencai
October 24 - Peng Dehuai
November 24 - Liu Shaoqi
Tong Linge
Deaths
September 28 - Tan Sitong, Lin Xu, Kang Guangren (brother of Kang Youwei), Yang Shenxiu, Yang Rui (reformer) and Liu Guangdi
References
1890s in China
Years of the 19th century in China
|
41048009
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntington%20Blue%20Sox
|
Huntington Blue Sox
|
The Huntington Blue Sox were a Mountain States League (1911-1912) and Ohio State League (1913-1914, 1916) minor league baseball team that played during the early 1900s. They were based in Huntington, West Virginia. Players of note include Ernie Alten, Bill Cramer, Lee Fohl, Al Mamaux, Ralph Shafer, Skeeter Shelton, Johnny Siegle, and Dan Tipple. Managers included Ezra Midkiff, Shelton, and Siegle, among others. They were the last team to be based in Huntington until the Huntington Boosters were formed in 1931.
References
Defunct minor league baseball teams
Baseball teams established in 1910
Baseball teams disestablished in 1916
1910 establishments in West Virginia
1916 disestablishments in West Virginia
Professional baseball teams in West Virginia
Sports in Huntington, West Virginia
Ohio State League teams
Mountain States League teams
Virginia Valley League teams
Defunct baseball teams in West Virginia
|
41048011
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDC%20Verifier
|
SDC Verifier
|
SDC Verifier (Structural Design Codes Verifier) is a commercial finite element analysis post-processor software with a calculation core for checking structures according to different standards, either predefined or self programmed, and final report generation with all checks. The goal is to automate routine work and speed up a verification of the engineering projects. It works as an addon for popular FEA software Ansys, Femap and Simcenter 3D.
It is possible to apply complicated loads: buoyancy, tank ballast and wind. Automatic recognition of joints, welds and panels.
Implemented Standards
The rules for popular design standards are predefined in SDC Verifier. The open structure of the standard makes all checks customizable. The Custom standard can be saved and used for other models, password protected and added to the custom library. This standard can be shared between other users.
ABS 2004: Guide for buckling and ultimate strength assessment for offshore structures;
ABS 2014: Rules for building and classing (floating production installations);
AISC ASD 9th edition (July 1989);
AISC 360–10, 14th edition (2010);
API RP 2A LRFD, 1st edition (1993);
API RP 2A WSD 21st edition (2007);
DIN 15018 (1984);
DNV OS C101 LRFD (April 2011)
DNV OS C201 WSD (April 2011)
DNV Classification Notes NO. 30.1 (Buckling Strength Analysis, July 1995);
DNV RP C201: Buckling Strength of Plated Structures (Recommended Practice, October 2010);
FEM 1.001, 3rd edition (1998);
Eurocode 3, Part 1-9: Fatigue (2006);
Eurocode 3, Part 1-1: Member checks (2005);
Eurocode 3, Part 1-8: Weld Strength;
ISO 19902, 1st edition (2007);
Norsok N004, Rev. 3 (2013);
Alternative software
GENIE
Midas
nCode
SACS
SkyCiv
References
External links
Femap and SDC Verifier
Siemens and SDC Verifier
SDC Verifier Presentation
SDC Verifier new version
Computer-aided engineering software
Finite element software
Product lifecycle management
Siemens software products
|
41048018
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20glossana
|
Anopina glossana
|
Anopina glossana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
glossana
Moths of Central America
|
41048019
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconscious%20inference
|
Unconscious inference
|
Unconscious inference (German: unbewusster Schluss), also referred to as unconscious conclusion, is a term of perceptual psychology coined in 1867 by the German physicist and polymath Hermann von Helmholtz to describe an involuntary, pre-rational and reflex-like mechanism which is part of the formation of visual impressions. While precursory notions have been identified in the writings of Thomas Hobbes, Robert Hooke, and Francis North (especially in connection with auditory perception) as well as in Francis Bacon's Novum Organum, Helmholtz's theory was long ignored or even dismissed by philosophy and psychology. It has since received new attention from modern research, and the work of recent scholars has approached Helmholtz's view.
In the third and final volume of his Handbuch der physiologischen Optik (1856–1867, translated as Treatise on Physiological Optics in 1920-1925, available here), Helmholtz discussed the psychological effects of visual perception. His first example is that of the illusion of the Sun rotating around the Earth:
Optical illusions
We are unable to do away with such optical illusions by convincing ourselves rationally that our eyes have played tricks on us: obstinately and unswervingly, the mechanism follows its own rule and thus wields an imperious mastery over the human mind. While optical illusions are the most obvious instances of unconscious inference, people's perceptions of each other are similarly influenced by such unintended, unconscious conclusions. Helmholtz's second example refers to theatrical performance, arguing that the strong emotional effect of a play results mainly from the viewers' inability to doubt the visual impressions generated by unconscious inference:
The mere sight of another person is sufficient to produce an emotional attitude without any reasonable basis whatsoever, yet highly resilient against all rational criticism. Obviously, the impression is based on the spontaneous, spurious attribution of traits - a process we can hardly avoid, for the human eye, so to speak, is incapable of doubt and thus cannot ward off the impression.
The formation of visual impressions, Helmholtz realized, is achieved primarily by unconscious judgments, the results of which "can never once be elevated to the plane of conscious judgments" and thus "lack the purifying and scrutinizing work of conscious thinking". In spite of this, the results of unconscious judgments are so impervious to conscious control, so resistant to contradiction that they are "impossible to get rid of" and "the effect of them cannot be overcome". So whatever impressions this unconscious inference process leads to, they strike "our consciousness as a foreign and overpowering force of nature".
The reason, Helmholtz suggested, lies in the way visual sensory impressions are processed neurologically. The higher cortical centres responsible for conscious deliberation are not involved in the formation of visual impressions. However, as the process is spontaneous and automatic, we are unable to account for just how we arrived at our judgments. Through our eyes, we necessarily perceive things as real, for the results of the unconscious conclusions are interpretations which "are urged on our consciousness, so to speak, as if an external power had constrained us, over which our will has no control".
In recognizing these attitude-formation mechanisms underlying the human processing of nonverbal cues, Helmholtz anticipated developments in science by more than a century. As Daniel Gilbert has pointed out, "Helmholtz presaged many current thinkers not only by postulating the existence of such [unconscious inferential] operations, but also by describing their general features". At the same time, he added, it is "probably fair to say that Helmholtz's ideas about the social inference process have exerted no impact whatsoever on social psychology". Indeed, psychologists have largely felt that Helmholtz had fallen prey to an error in reasoning. As Edwin G. Boring summed up the debate, "Since an inference is ostensibly a conscious process and can therefore be neither unconscious nor immediate, [Helmholtz's] view was rejected as self-contradictory". However, several recent authors have since approached Helmholtz's conception under a variety of headings, such as "snap judgments", "nonconscious social information processing", "spontaneous trait inference", "people as flexible interpreters", and "unintended thought". Siegfried Frey has pointed out the revolutionary quality of Helmholtz's proposition that it is from the perceiver, not the actor, whence springs the meaning-attribution process performed when we interpret a nonverbal stimulus:
Influences in current computer science and psychology
The Helmholtz machine
Work in computer science has made use of Helmholtz's ideas of unconscious inference by suggesting the cortex contains a generative model of the world. They develop a statistical method for discovering the structure inherent in a set of patterns:
Free energy principle
The Free energy principle provides an explanation for embodied perception in neuroscience and
tries to explain how biological systems maintain order by restricting themselves to a limited number of states or beliefs about hidden states in their environment. A biological system performs active inference in sampling action outcomes to maximise the evidence for its model of the world:
Notes
References
Quotations are from the English translation produced by Optical Society of America (1924–25): Treatise on Physiological Optics.
Universität Duisburg-Essen: Designing virtual humans for Web 2.0 based learning processes - Unconscious judgments.
Perception
Cognitive science
|
41048022
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20CAF%20Super%20Cup
|
2003 CAF Super Cup
|
The 2003 CAF Super Cup was the 11th CAF Super Cup, an annual football match in Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), between the winners of the previous season's two CAF club competitions, the African Cup of Champions Clubs and the African Cup Winners' Cup.
The match took place on 7 February 2003, on Cairo Stadium in Cairo, Egypt, between Zamalek, the 2002 CAF Champions League winner, and Wydad AC, the 2002 African Cup Winners' Cup winner.
Zamalek won the match 3–1 to retain the trophy, as the first team to win the tournament for three times.
Teams
Match details
References
http://www.angelfire.com/ak/EgyptianSports/ZamalekInAfrSuper.html#2003
http://www.footballdatabase.eu/football.coupe.zamalek.wydad-casablanca.107280.en.html
2003
Super
2002–03 in Egyptian football
Zamalek SC matches
Wydad AC matches
|
41048024
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20gnathodentana
|
Anopina gnathodentana
|
Anopina gnathodentana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
gnathodentana
Moths of Central America
|
41048028
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20griseana
|
Anopina griseana
|
Anopina griseana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Sinaloa, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
griseana
Moths of Central America
|
41048031
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20guatemalana
|
Anopina guatemalana
|
Anopina guatemalana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Guatemala.
References
Moths described in 2000
guatemalana
Moths of Central America
|
41048033
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skagen%27s%20Vippefyr
|
Skagen's Vippefyr
|
Skagen's Vippefyr (sometimes referred to in English as Skagen's Lever Light) is a navigational light mechanism located in Skagen in the far north of Jutland. The original vippefyr, the first of its kind, was built in 1627. A faithful copy now stands on the same site. It replaced an earlier parrot light (papegøjefyr) and served until 1747 when the White Lighthouse was brought into operation.
History
In 1560, Frederick II of Denmark ordered his vassal Otte Brahe to establish lights at Skagen, Anholt and Kullen (in Sweden) to mark the main route through Danish waters from the North Sea to the Baltic. Initially wood and seaweed were used as fuel for the light, burnt on a tiled floor at the top of a wooden tower. Later, coal was used for all Danish lights as it provided better illumination but it often caused the wooden towers to catch fire. It was Jens Pedersen Grove from Helsingør who designed the vippefyr which consisted of a tipping mechanism where the coal could be burnt in an iron container hoisted up into the air so that it could be seen from afar while avoiding damage to the wooden structure. Vippefyr simply means "tipping light" or "rocking light". Thanks to its success, vippefyr were also constructed at Falsterbo in southern Sweden and on the island of Anholt in the Kattegat. The latter remained in operation until 1788.
Today's vippefyr is a faithful copy of the original. It was the artist Carl Locher of the Skagen Painters who first made a copy in 1913 on the occasion of Skagen's 500th anniversary. It stood on the site of the first vippefyr until Rotary Skagen provided a reconstruction in 1958. It is lit once a year for the midsummer festivities on Sankt Hans Aften when a bonfire also burns on the beach.
See also
Vippefyr
List of lighthouses and lightvessels in Denmark
References
Skagen
Buildings and structures in Skagen
Lighthouses in Denmark
Lighthouses completed in 1627
|
41048034
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20impotana
|
Anopina impotana
|
Anopina impotana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
impotana
Moths of Central America
|
41048035
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lantern%20%28Cape%20newspaper%29
|
The Lantern (Cape newspaper)
|
The Lantern (also known as the Cape Lantern) was a weekly newspaper published in the Cape Colony between 1877 and . Featuring a populist and pro-imperial slant, The Lantern was one of the first South African newspapers to publish political cartoons. For the duration of the paper's existence, it remained dwarfed in popularity by more well-established papers such as the Cape Argus and The Times.
History
The Lantern was established by English immigrant Alfred A. Geary in 1877, and was targeted towards Anglophone white South Africans, who were mostly of British descent. Reflecting its readership, the paper typically adopted a populist and pro-imperial stance, supporting the colonial expansion of the British Empire in southern Africa and closer ties between Britain and the Cape Colony. After Geary died of illness in 1880, The Lantern was taken over by Irishman Thomas McCombie, "an erratic writer and no businessman."
The Lantern, being a right-wing newspaper, frequently denounced liberal politicians in the colonial Parliament such as Saul Solomon and John Charles Molteno along with opposing the expansion of the Cape Qualified Franchise. Much as the discontinued paper The Zingari had done, The Lantern published political cartoons covering a wide range of topics in colonial society. Notable cartoonists which illustrated cartoons for The Lantern included William Howard Schröder, Hugh Fisher, Erling D. Haslam, Henry Mills, Alpine Menzies and Vane Bennett.
By the mid 1880s, The Lantern started to encounter serious financial difficulties. Beset with debts, McCombie shut down the paper and moved to the Transvaal and started publishing a new paper titled the Transvaal Truth. However, McCombie continued to face financial issues, including an inability to meet his monetary engagements; after the Transval Truth failed, McCombie moved back to Cape Town where he eventually drowned in the Salt River.
References
Footnotes
Citations
External links
Defunct newspapers published in South Africa
Mass media in Cape Town
Newspapers established in 1877
Publications disestablished in the 1880s
1877 establishments in the Cape Colony
1880s disestablishments in Africa
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41048039
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farooq%20Nazki
|
Farooq Nazki
|
Farooq Nazki is a poet, broadcaster and media personality from the Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. He also served as Director Doordarshan & AIR Srinagar from 1986 to 1997 under Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India). Besides media head and writing career, Nazki has also served as Editor "Daily Mazdoor" from 1960 a newspaper highlighting the problems labours class. This newspaper for the first time made conscious efforts to highlight the importance of labour in the valley. In 2000 he retired as its Deputy Director General. He was media advisor to two Chief Ministers: Farooq Abdullah (in 1983 and 1990–2002) and Omar Abdullah (2010).
Honours and awards
In 1995 he won the Sahitya Academy award in Kashmiri language literature for his book of poetry, Naar Hyutun Kanzal Wanas ( Fire in the eyelashes). He has also won the state cultural Academy Award for both that work and Lafz Lafz Noha. He also won Jammu & Kashmir Academy of culture, Art & Languages Best book Award for his Kashmiri book . For Media contributions he won Gold Medal J&K Government for Best management of electronic media. Further he won Award for best media controller in Asiad 1982.
Publications
Urdu Books
Lafz Lafz Navha
Akhri Khwab Se Pehlay
Kashmiri Books
Nar Hutron Kazal
Wannas, Mahjabeen
See also
List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Kashmiri
References
Further reading
http://www.risingkashmir.com/revolutionary-poet-gr-gayoor-remembered/
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Kashmiri poets
Poets from Jammu and Kashmir
University of Kashmir alumni
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Kashmiri
Indian male poets
20th-century Indian poets
20th-century Indian male writers
1940 births
|
41048050
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel%20Soares%20%28Portuguese%20footballer%29
|
Miguel Soares (Portuguese footballer)
|
Miguel Bruno Almeida Soares (born 9 February 1993 in Bustelo - Oliveira de Azeméis) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for SC Bustelo as a midfielder.
Football career
On 27 July 2013, Soares made his professional debut with Oliveirense in a 2013–14 Taça da Liga match against Moreirense, when he replaced Hélder Silva (83rd minute).
.
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
Portuguese men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
U.D. Oliveirense players
|
41048054
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emen%20Island
|
Emen Island
|
Emen Island (, ) is a rocky island in the southwest part of Hamburg Bay on the northwest coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. The feature is 920 m long in southeast-northwest direction and 580 m wide, and is separated from Anvers Island to the south and Petrelik Island to the northwest by 570 m and 160 m wide passages respectively.
The island is named after the village of Emen in Bulgaria.
Location
Emen Island is located at , 10.45 km northeast of Gerlache Point and 8.77 km southwest of Bonnier Point. British mapping in 1974.
Maps
Anvers Island and Brabant Island. Scale 1:250000 topographic map. BAS 250 Series, Sheet SQ 19-20/3&4. London, 1974.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
References
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
Emen Island. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
External links
Emen Island. Copernix satellite image
Islands of the Palmer Archipelago
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
|
41048055
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuno%20Sousa%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201993%29
|
Nuno Sousa (footballer, born 1993)
|
Nuno Filipe Correia de Sousa (born 18 April 1993 in Oliveira de Azeméis) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for U.D. Oliveirense as a midfielder.
Football career
On 18 May 2013, Sousa made his professional debut with Oliveirense in a 2012–13 Segunda Liga match against Vitória Guimarães B, when he replaced Renan (87th minute).
References
External links
Stats and profile at LPFP
1993 births
Living people
Portuguese men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Liga Portugal 2 players
U.D. Oliveirense players
|
41048058
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convoy%20QP%2014
|
Convoy QP 14
|
Convoy QP 14 (13–26 September 1942) was an Arctic convoy of the QP series which ran during the Second World War. The convoy was a return journey of Allied ships from the port of Archangelsk in the Soviet Union to Loch Ewe in the west of Scotland. The British planned to send Convoy PQ 18 from Iceland to Murmansk and when the convoys crossed transfer much of the escort force from the outbound convoy to Convoy QP 14 and escort back it through the most dangerous waters off Norway.
Rather than provide a covering force of cruisers and a distant covering force of battleships and aircraft carriers as hitherto, a large Fighting Destroyer Escort was formed to accompany Convoy PQ 18 and be capable of independently operating, to present an attack by German ships with the risk of massed torpedo salvoes. To keep the larger number of escorts fuelled, Force P of fuel tankers with escorts were sent to Svalbard and fleet oilers joined Convoy PQ 18; on 16 September much of the PQ 18 escort force and oilers transferred to QP 14 as the convoys crossed.
There was a scare on 19 September that German ships were attacking but this was a false alarm and the convoy was opposed only by aircraft and submarines. The German attacks sank three merchant ships and two of the escorts for the loss of a U-boat and five damaged, the aircraft on the escort carrier doing much to deter U-boat attacks, assisted by land-based aircraft from 23 September. The convoy reached Loch Ewe in Scotland on 26 September.
Operation EV, the escort operation for QP 14 and PQ 18, was judged a success by its commander, Rear-Admiral Robert Burnett. He noted that the risks had been great and had re-fuelling not being achieved due to bad weather or if there had been better co-ordination between U-boats and Luftwaffe aircraft, there could have been another disaster like Convoy PQ 17. Burnett was criticised by Stephen Roskill, the official historian, for sending Avenger back to base on 20 September; weather grounded the land-based aircraft and three ships were sunk on 22 September but in 2004, Richard Woodman wrote that the risks to QP 14 had been justified.
Background
Arctic Ocean
Between Greenland and Norway are some of the most stormy waters of the world's oceans, of water under gales full of snow, sleet and hail. Around the North Cape and the Barents Sea the sea temperature rarely rises about 4° Celsius and a man in the water will probably die unless rescued immediately. The cold water and air makes spray freeze on the superstructure of ships, which has quickly to be removed to avoid the ship becoming top-heavy. The cold Arctic water is met by the Gulf Stream, a flow of warm water from the Gulf of Mexico, which becomes the North Atlantic Drift further north. Arriving at the south-west of England the drift moves between Scotland and Iceland. North of Norway the drift splits.
The northern stream of the drift goes north of Bear Island to Svalbard and the southern stream follows the coast of Murmansk into the Barents Sea. The mingling of cold Arctic water and warmer water of higher salinity generates thick banks of fog for convoys to hide. The waters drastically reduced the effectiveness of Asdic as U-boats moved in waters of differing temperatures and density. In winter, polar ice can form as far south as off the North Cape, forcing ships closer to Luftwaffe air bases and in summer it can recede to Svalbard, allowing ships to sail further out to sea. The area is in perpetual darkness in winter and permanent daylight in the summer which makes visual air reconnaissance almost impossible or easy.
Arctic convoys
In October 1941, after Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the USSR, which had begun on 22 June, the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, made a commitment to send a convoy to the Arctic ports of the USSR every ten days and to deliver a month from July 1942 to January 1943, followed by and another more than already promised. The first convoy was due at Murmansk around 12 October and the next convoy was to depart Iceland on 22 October. A motley of British, Allied and neutral shipping loaded with military stores and raw materials for the Soviet war effort would be assembled at Hvalfjordur (Hvalfiord) in Iceland, convenient for ships from both sides of the Atlantic.
By late 1941, the convoy system used in the Atlantic had been established on the Arctic run; a convoy commodore ensured that the ships' masters and signals officers attended a briefing before sailing to make arrangements for the management of the convoy, which sailed in a formation of long rows of short columns. The commodore was usually a retired naval officer, aboard a ship identified by a white pendant with a blue cross. The commodore was assisted by a Naval signals party of four men, who used lamps, semaphore flags and telescopes to pass signals, coded from books carried in a bag, weighted to be dumped overboard. In large convoys, the commodore was assisted by vice- and rear-commodores who directed the speed, course and zig-zagging of the merchant ships and liaised with the escort commander.
Following Convoy PQ 16 and the disaster to Convoy PQ 17 in July 1942, Arctic convoys were postponed for nine weeks and much of the Home Fleet was detached to the Mediterranean for Operation Pedestal, a Malta convoy. During the lull, Admiral John Tovey concluded that the Home Fleet had been of no great protection to convoys beyond Bear Island, midway between Spitsbergen and the North Cape. Tovey would oversee the operation from Scapa Flow, where the fleet was linked to the Admiralty by landline, immune to variations in wireless reception. The next convoy should be accompanied by sufficient protection against surface attack; the longer-range destroyers of the Home Fleet could be used to augment the close escort force of anti-submarine and anti-aircraft ships, to confront a sortie by German ships with the threat of a massed destroyer torpedo attack. The practice of meeting homeward-bound QP convoys near Bear Island was dispensed with and QP 14 was to wait until PQ 18 was near its destination, despite the longer journey being more demanding of crews, fuel and equipment. The new escort carrier (Commander Anthony Colthurst) had arrived from the United States and was added to the escort force, to give the convoy air cover.
Signals intelligence
Bletchley Park
The British Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) based at Bletchley Park housed a small industry of code-breakers and traffic analysts. By June 1941, the German Enigma machine Home Waters () settings used by surface ships and U-boats could quickly be read. On 1 February 1942, the Enigma machines used in U-boats in the Atlantic and Mediterranean were changed but German ships and the U-boats in Arctic waters continued with the older ( from 1942, Dolphin to the British) settings. By mid-1941, British Y-stations were able to receive and read Luftwaffe W/T transmissions and give advance warning of Luftwaffe operations. In 1941, naval Headache personnel with receivers to eavesdrop on Luftwaffe wireless transmissions were embarked on warships and from May 1942, ships gained RAF Y computor parties, which sailed with cruiser admirals in command of convoy escorts, to interpret Luftwaffe W/T signals intercepted by the Headaches. The Admiralty sent details of Luftwaffe wireless frequencies, call signs and the daily local codes to the computors, which combined with their knowledge of Luftwaffe procedures, could glean fairly accurate details of German reconnaissance sorties. Sometimes computors predicted attacks twenty minutes before they were detected by radar.
The rival German (, Observation Service) of the (MND, Naval Intelligence Service) had broken several Admiralty codes and cyphers by 1939, which were used to help ships elude British forces and provide opportunities for surprise attacks. From June to August 1940, six British submarines were sunk in the Skaggerak using information gleaned from British wireless signals. In 1941, read signals from the Commander in Chief Western Approaches informing convoys of areas patrolled by U-boats, enabling the submarines to move into "safe" zones. broke Naval Cypher No 3 (the convoy cypher) in February 1942 and by March was reading up to 80 per cent of the traffic, which continued until 15 December 1943. By coincidence, the British lost access to the Shark cypher and had no information to send in Cypher No 3 which might compromise Ultra. In early September, Finnish Radio Intelligence deciphered a Soviet Air Force transmission which divulged the convoy itinerary, which was forwarded it to the Germans.
Prelude
In March 1942, Adolf Hitler issued a directive for a greater anti-convoy effort to weaken the Red Army and prevent Allied troops being transferred to northern Russia, preparatory to a landing on the coast of northern Norway. ( Hans-Jürgen Stumpff) was to be reinforced and the was ordered to put an end to Arctic convoys and naval incursions. The Luftwaffe and were to work together with a simplified command structure, which was implemented after a conference; the Navy had preferred joint command but the Luftwaffe insisted on the exchange of liaison officers. was to be reinforced by 2./Kampfgeschwader 30 (KG 30) and KG 30 was to increase its readiness for operations. A squadron of (Aufkl.Fl.Gr. 125) was transferred to Norway and more long-range Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Kondor patrol aircraft from Kampfgeschwader 40 (KG 40) were sent from France. At the end of March, the air fleet was divided.
[ Alexander Holle], the largest command, was based at Kirkenes with 2./JG 5, 10.(Z)/JG 5, 1./StG 5 (Dive Bomber Wing 5) and 1. 124 [1./(F) 124] (1 Squadron, Long Range Reconnaissance Wing 124) charged with attacks on Murmansk and Archangelsk as well as attacks on convoys. Part of was based at Petsamo (5./JG 5, 6./JG 5 and 3./Kampfgeschwader 26 (3./KG 26), Banak (2./KG 30, 3./KG 30 and 1./(F) 22) and Billefjord (1./Kü.Fl.Gr. 125). ( Hans Roth) was based at Bardufoss but had no permanently attached units, which were added according to events. At the start of the anti-shipping campaign only the coastal patrol squadrons 3./ 906 at Trondheim and 1./1./Kü.Fl.Gr. 123 at Tromsø were attached to . was based at Sola and was responsible for the early detection of convoys and attacks south of a line from Trondheim westwards to Shetland and Iceland, with 1./(F) 22, the of 1./KG 40, short-range coastal reconnaissance squadrons 1./ 406 (1./Kü.Fl.Gr. 406), 2./ 406 (2./Kü.Fl.Gr. 406) and a weather reconnaissance squadron.
Luftwaffe tactics
As soon as information was received about the assembly of a convoy, would send long-range reconnaissance aircraft to search Iceland and northern Scotland. Once a convoy was spotted aircraft were to keep contact as far as possible in the extreme weather of the area. If contact was lost its course at the last sighting would be extrapolated and overlapping sorties would be flown to regain contact. All three were to co-operate as the convoy moved through their operational areas. would begin the anti-convoy operation east to a line from the North Cape to Spitzbergen Island, whence would take over using his and 's aircraft, which would to Kirkenes or Petsamo to stay in range. was not allowed to divert aircraft to ground support during the operation. As soon as the convoy came into range, the aircraft were to keep up a continuous attack until the convoy docked at Murmansk or Archangelsk. From late March to late May the air effort against PQ 13, 14, 15 and QP 9, 10 and 11 had little effect, twelve sinkings out of 16 lost in PQ convoys and two out of five sinkings from QP convoys being credited to the Luftwaffe; 166 merchant ships had sailed for Russia and 145 had survived the journey.
Bad weather had been nearly as dangerous as the Luftwaffe, forcing 16 of the ships in PQ 14 to turn back. In April, the spring thaw grounded many Luftwaffe aircraft and in May bad weather led to contact being lost and convoys scattering, being impossible to find in the long Arctic night. When air attacks on convoys had taken place, the formations rarely amounted to more than twelve aircraft, greatly simplifying the task of convoy anti-aircraft gunners, who shot down several aircraft in April and May. Failings in liaison between the Luftwaffe and were uncovered and tactical co-operation greatly enhanced, Hermann Böhm () noting that in the operation against PQ 15 and QP 11, there were no problems in co-operation between aircraft, submarines and destroyers. From 152 aircraft in January, reinforcements to 5 increased its strength to 221 front-line aircraft by March 1942. By May 5 had 264 aircraft based around the North Cape in northern Norway, consisting of 108 Ju 88 long-range bombers, 42 Heinkel 111 torpedo-bombers, 15 Heinkel He 115 float-plane torpedo-bombers, 30 Junkers Ju 87 dive-bombers and 74 long range Focke Wulf 200s, Junkers 88s and Blohm & Voss BV 138s.
(Golden Comb)
The had used the lull after PQ 17 to assemble a force of 35 Junkers Ju 88 A-4 dive-bombers of KG 30 and 42 torpedo-bombers of KG 26 (I/KG 26 with 28 Heinkel He 111 H-6s and III/KG 26 with 14 Ju 88 A-4s) to join the reconnaissance aircraft of 5. After analysing the results of anti-shipping operations against PQ 17, in which the crews of 5 made exaggerated claims of ships sunk, including a cruiser, the anti-shipping units devised the (Golden Comb). Ju 88 bombers were to divert the defenders with medium and dive bombing attacks as the torpedo-bombers approached out of the twilight. The torpedo bombers were to fly towards the convoy in line abreast, at wave-top height to evade radar, as the convoy was silhouetted against the lighter sky, then drop their torpedoes in a salvo. When discovered that an aircraft carrier would accompany the next convoy, Hermann Göring gave orders that it must be sunk first; aircrew were told that the destruction of the convoy was the best way to help the German army at Stalingrad and in southern Russia.
German air-sea rescue
The Luftwaffe Sea Rescue Service () along with the , the Norwegian Society for Sea Rescue (RS) and ships on passage, recovered aircrew and shipwrecked sailors. The service comprised at Stavanger covering Stavanger, Bergen and Trondheim and at Kirkenes for Tromsø, Billefjord and Kirkenes. Co-operation was as important in rescues as it was in anti-shipping operations if people were to be saved before they succumbed to the climate and severe weather. The sea rescue aircraft comprised Heinkel He 59 floatplanes, Dornier Do 18 and Dornier Do 24 seaplanes.
(OKL, the high command of the Luftwaffe) was not able to increase the number of search and rescue aircraft in Norway, due to a general shortage of aircraft and crews, despite Stumpff pointing out that coming down in such cold waters required extremely swift recovery and that his crews "must be given a chance of rescue" or morale could not be maintained. After the experience of PQ 16, Stumpff gave the task to the coastal reconnaissance squadrons, whose aircraft were not usually engaged in attacks on convoys. They would henceforth stand by to rescue aircrew during anti-shipping operations.
Authority in the was derived from the (Supreme Naval Command) in Berlin and Arctic operations were commanded by Admiral Boehm, the Admiral Commanding Norway, from the (Naval Group North) HQ in Kiel. Three flag officers were detached to Oslo in command of minesweeping, coast defence, patrols and minelaying off the west, north and polar coasts. The large surface ships and U-boats were under the command of the Flag Officer Northern Waters at Narvik, who did not answer to Boehm but had authority over the Flag Officer Battlegroup, who commanded the ships when at sea. The Flag Officer Northern Waters also had tactical control of aircraft from when they operated in support of the . The Norwegian-based aircraft had tactical headquarters at Kirkenes, Trondheim and Bardufoss. The HQs were separate from the commanders except at Kirkenes, with the Flag Officer Polar Coast.
On 24 June, a British minesweeper based at Kola was sunk by Ju 87 Stuka dive-bombers and on 16 August, Admiral Scheer conducted Operation Wunderland (), a sortie against Russian ships thought to be sailing along the route north of Siberia. Admiral Scheer sailed north of Novaya Zemlya and then to the east and sank a Soviet icebreaker; by 30 August Admiral Scheer was back in Narvik. signals interception and documents recovered from the crashed Hampden UB-C, revealed the crossover and escort changeover points of convoys PQ 18 and QP 14 and other details including Operation Orator. U-boats, destroyers and the minelayer Ulm sailed on Operation Zar () to sow mines at the entrance of the White Sea and off Novaya Zemlya. Tirpitz, the cruiser Lützow and three destroyers had been in dock for repairs since against Convoy PQ 17 (2–5 July) and were not available. Twelve U-boats formed a patrol group in the Norwegian Sea against PQ 18 and the planned (Operation Double Hit) in which the cruisers Admiral Scheer, Admiral Hipper and Köln with four destroyer escorts, would sail against the convoy.
Preliminary British operations
After Convoy PQ 17, the supplies lost in the convoy, bound for the ships at Archangelsk, were replaced by the destroyers , , and The destroyers sailed on 20 July and arrived without German interference, despite being spotted by German reconnaissance aircraft, near Jan Mayen Island. During August, Operation Orator, a Royal Air Force detachment, known as the Search & Strike Force, was sent to the USSR comprising two squadrons of Handley-Page Hampden torpedo bombers, a section of Photographic Reconnaissance Unit Spitfires and part of 210 Squadron with Catalina flying boats, to guard against sorties by German ships. The aircraft made a risky flight to the USSR, in which several Hampdens were lost; the ground crews and equipment were delivered by and three destroyers. On 25 August, during the return journey of Tuscaloosa and its escorts, Ultra revealed the itinerary of the minelayer Ulm, part of the German Operation Zar (). Three of the destroyers were sent to intercept the ship to the south-west of Bear Island; Ulm was sunk that night and sixty survivors were taken prisoner. The Germans had to press the heavy cruiser into service as a minelayer.
Operation EV
Operation EV was the code-name for a naval operation to escort the northern USSR-bound Convoy PQ 18 through the Barents Sea, the area most dangerous to the convoy from air, sea and submarine attack, then to detach and join the returning Convoy QP 14. PQ 18 was to be taken over by the British and Soviet escorts from Archangelsk, which had escorted QP 14. PQ 18 consisted of forty merchant ships and three minesweepers to be based in Russia, along with Force Q, the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) oilers and . A Close Escort (Commander Archibald Russell) was led by the flotilla leader with the destroyers and , the anti-aircraft ships and , the Flower-class corvettes , , and , the minesweepers , and and the submarines and . The Carrier Force comprised Avenger with 802 Naval Air Squadron and 882 Naval Air Squadron, Fleet Air Arm (six Hawker Sea Hurricane fighters each) and 825 Naval Air Squadron (three Fairey Swordfish reconnaissance and torpedo-bombers with five crews) and the destroyers and to allow the carrier to dispatch and recover aircraft whilst sailing into the wind, independent of the convoy.
Fighting Destroyer Escort
Rather than providing a few destroyers for the escort with a cruiser force nearby, the permanent close escorts were reinforced by a Fighting Destroyer Escort (FDE) to command all of the escort forces with the convoy. Rear-Admiral Robert Burnett in the cruiser the commander of the FDE had sixteen fleet destroyers disposed in Force A [Captain (D) H. T. Armstrong] in with Onslaught, , , , , , and Force B [Captain (D) I. M. R. Campbell] in with Marne, Martin, , , , and . (Burnett ["Bullshit Bob"] had tried to explain the reason for the scattering of PQ 17 when the destroyers had returned to Scapa Flow but his address fell flat.) Before PQ 18 sailed, the FDE was visited by Churchill to try to restore morale. The summer melt of the polar ice cap reached its most northerly extent in September and the convoys could sail north of Bear Island, considerably lengthening the journey. To conserve fuel, destroyer attacks on U-boats were to be limited to 90 minutes' duration.
Other ships
The Spitzbergen Fuelling Force (Force P), departing ahead of Convoy PQ 18 on 3 September, was made up of the oilers and with the destroyers , , and , bound for Van Mijenfjorden (Lowe Sound). Vice-Admiral Stuart Bonham Carter commanded a Cruiser Covering Force (CCF) with , and . Operation Gearbox II, a concurrent supply run, was to be made to Svalbard by the cruisers and with the destroyer detached from the CCF. A Distant Covering Force (Vice Admiral Bruce Fraser) with the battleships and , the cruiser and five short-range destroyers, was to sail from Akureyri on the north Icelandic coast. Four submarines took station off the Lofoten Islands and three off north Norway.
Voyage
13–15/16 September
Convoy QP 14 departed Archangelsk on 13 September, the day after German attacks on Convoy PQ 18 began. The convoy was accompanied by the Eastern Local Escort comprising the four anti-submarine Halcyon-class minesweepers , , and , which departed after two days leaving the Close Escort of (Captain J. J. W. Crombie, escort commander) with the Halcyon-class minesweepers and , the Hunt-class destroyers and Middleton, the anti-aircraft ships Palomares and Pozarica, the Flower-class corvettes , , and and the anti-submarine trawlers , , and . The voyage proved uneventful until the night of 15/16 September when Troubador and Winston Salem straggled from the convoy.
16–17 September
The ground crew of Avenger had got thirteen Sea Hurricanes operational, one more than on the outbound voyage, because advantage had been taken of Avengers merchant ship origins to store dismantled aircraft in its holds, which replaced the four aircraft lost during PQ 18. The three Swordfish remained airworthy but flying an open-cockpit aircraft in Arctic conditions was exhausting for the crews. On 16 September QP 14 passed PQ 18 and the ocean escort began to transfer, leaving PQ 18 in three groups to avoid drawing attention, completing the transfer by on 17 September at about . The weather on 17 September was bitter cold with low, snow-laden clouds and frequent squalls. As the Germans were concentrating on PQ 18, only shadowing aircraft kept contact with QP 14, hiding in low cloud behind the ships and edging closer until anti-aircraft fire was received; as the weather worsened, the shadowing aircraft lost contact.
18 September
Shadowing aircraft re-appeared before noon but lost touch in bad weather during the afternoon. During the afternoon a Catalina approached the convoy but gave the wrong recognition signal due to mistakes by the British Naval authorities at Archangelsk and the flying boat base at Graznaya. The Catalina crew reported that two U-boats were on the surface, ahead of the convoy, to the north-east. To keep as far as possible from the Luftwaffe airfields in Norway, Burnett made course for the Sørkapp (South Cape) of Spitzbergen in Svalbard and then head north towards Bellsundet (Bell Sound) to collect the oiler Oligarch from Force P which had fuelled the Cruiser Covering Force around on 17 and 18 September. Burnett sent the destroyers Impulsive and Fury ahead to make rendezvous, Force Q having run out of fuel, having been taken by the escorts during Operation EV. During the evening, a Swordfish spotted a U-boat about behind the convoy at and attacked with depth-charges, with no obvious result.
19 September
During the morning, Offa was sent to check on mastheads seen to the north-east, which had caused apprehension that a German sortie by surface ships was under way. Offa found the superstructure to be Winston Salem, which had been creeping along the edge of the Polar ice and it was escorted back to the convoy. To decoy the shadowing U-boats, Burnett sent several destroyers across the wake of the convoy as it turned north-west, to sail up the west coast of Spitzbergen; after the decoys re-joined the escorts. U-boats , , distant from the convoy between and spotted by Swordfish crews, were forced to dive but a German reconnaissance aircraft was present at to observe the final course change. A distress call was received from a ship to the south-east, which turned out to be Troubador, under attack by a U-boat. At a Swordfish was sent to provide air cover while Onslaught raced to the scene. There were indications of several U-boats in the vicinity and Commander William Selby, the captain of Onslaught, had depth-charges dropped periodically and shone searchlights to deter the U-boats from attacking, while urging Troubador to make its best speed. Night fell and the ships headed for Bellsundet (Bell Sound) to join Force P, the oiler Blue Ranger and its three accompanying destroyers, with which they returned to Britain. QP 14 had met Oligarch, Worcester, Impulsive and Fury, Worcester taking the place of Onslaught in the close escort as the Fighting Destroyer Escort spent the night chasing Asdic contacts.
20 September
At Leda, at in the rear of the convoy, was hit by two torpedoes from U-453. The ship remained afloat for an hour and the captain, Commander Wynne-Edwards, 86 members of the crew and two merchant navy passengers were rescued but six men died of their wounds or of hypothermia; the survivors were accommodated in Seagull, Rathlin and Zamalek. As more U-boats came into the vicinity of the convoy, Swordfish patrols began to spot them on the surface and before noon about five U-boats were stalking the convoy. At a Swordfish crew depth-charged a U-boat to the rear of the convoy at as it submerged and two destroyers racing to the scene were then re-directed by the crew towards another U-boat, which evaded them. At Ashanti, at full speed, on another search at , spotted a U-boat as it dived, then saw its periscope distant and dropped several salvoes of depth-charges, leading to bubbles of air and oil being seen as Asdic contact was lost, the U-boat being claimed as sunk. Before the submarines P. 614 and P. 615 were due to depart from the convoy, Burnett ordered them to drop back and set an ambush, Opportune covering them. At about the submarines split up and submerged. At the captain of P. 614 saw U-408 on the surface at and fired torpedoes from distance. A lookout on the U-boat saw a torpedo and the boat crash-dived; the first torpedo exploded prematurely and this set off the second torpedo.
P. 615 found no U-boats and both boats then began their journeys to Britain, arriving by 25 September. At Silver Sword at the rear of the convoy at was torpedoed by U-255 and caught fire. The crew was rescued with considerable difficulty and the hulk was sunk by gunfire from Worcester. During the Polar twilight, the captain of Avenger, Commander Anthony Colthurst, signalled to Burnett that the Swordfish crews were exhausted. Burnett decided that Avenger and Scylla, his flagship, had become liabilities and at Burnett transferred to the destroyer Milne; soon afterwards, Avenger, Scylla with Wheatland, Wilton and Fury departed the convoy. At on the port side of QP 14 at , the destroyer Somali was torpedoed by U-703. Eskimo and Intrepid commenced Asdic sweeps as Opportune and Lord Middleton manoeuvred to take off survivors. Lieutenant-commander Colin Maud, captain of Somali urged that his ship be taken under tow and Burnett ordered Ashanti to help.
21 September
High-frequency direction finding (huff-duff) detected wireless transmissions from at least three U-boats near the convoy and two 138 flying boats arrived to shadow the ships. With ships assisting Somali astern, Burnett ordered Milne back from the convoy to check on the towing attempt but had to break wireless silence to find their position, which was another away. Burnett turned back and as Milne returned to the convoy, another U-boat was spotted trailing the convoy, which dived and escaped. The convoy had reached a position to which Catalina flying-boats from Shetland could reach and one had escorted briefly the convoy. Later in the morning Z-Zebra, the 330 (Norwegian) Squadron Catalina, returned and attacked U-378, which replied with anti-aircraft fire and damaged the Catalina. The crew continued the attack as their aircraft lost fuel and dropped four depth-charges at the U-boat. The Catalina crew landed and were taken on board by Marne, which sank the flying-boat with gunfire. Soon after, at Bramble and Worcester dropped depth-charges at . The attack was thwarted when a U-boat used a to release a (an Asdic decoy). The lack of success of the anti-submarine effort was thought to be due to differing sea densities which interfered with Asdic but five U-boats had been damaged.
22 September
At Burnett took Milne towards Seidisfiord in Iceland, leaving Alan Scott-Moncrieff, commander of the flotilla leader Faulknor and head of Destroyer Force B, to command the remaining eleven destroyers and nine smaller escort craft. At about , U-435 got inside the escort screen and quickly sank Bellingham, Ocean Voice and the Force Q oiler Grey Ranger. The convoy commodore, John Dowding, was shipwrecked again and with his staff was rescued by Seagull, no casualties being suffered in the sunken ships. Dowding remained in Seagull and handed over to the vice-convoy commodore in Ocean Freedom. Scott-Moncrieff drew in the convoy screen, Middleton and Impulsive patrolling the flanks; a U-boat sighting during the afternoon turned out to be the last and Worcester zig-zagged across the rear of the cordon during the night, depth-charges being dropped occasionally as a deterrent.
23–26 September
Regular Catalina patrols began to appear; Rathlin and Zamalek sailed for Seidisfiord to re-victual, Onslow, Offa and Worcester put in to re-fuel and Marne dropped off the crew of Z-Zebra at Akureyri, its base in Iceland. Langanes (Long Peninsula) at the north-east of Iceland came into view at the convoy passing to the south towards Cape Wrath. The weather deteriorated, a gale blowing from the north-east. Catalina U-Uncle from 210 Squadron reached QP 14 at and flying back along its course, soon saw U-253 and attacked at very low altitude. The crew dropped six depth-charges whose detonations forced the U-boat to the surface, it submerged again, re-surfaced then sank bows first. The gale backed to the north, causing the merchant ships to yaw, roll and scend, leading to Winston Salem heaving to, facing the gale. Despite the risk, Scott-Moncrieff sent Martin to keep watch. By 25 September the gale abated and the convoy sailed on in a heavy swell. The rescue ships and three destroyers detached to Seidisfiord returned to the convoy. During the next day, Bramble and Seagull left for Scapa Flow, followed by Middleton, Blankney, Oligarch and Black Ranger. When the convoy reached Cape Wrath, Faulknor led the Home Fleet destroyers to Scapa and Acting-Commander Archibald Russell, in Malcolm, guarded the ships as they anchored at Loch Ewe, Winston Salem arriving later.
Aftermath
Analysis
Burnett wrote "for eighteen days there was no let-up"; he had doubts about the results of Operation EV, dwelling on the risks run, particularly the Allied dependence on oilers to refuel the destroyers. The consequences of greater German success could have been dire, had the Luftwaffe and better co-ordinated their attacks or had the destroyers run out of ammunition. If the weather prevented re-fuelling, EV could have become a "tragic failure". In the 1962 edition of "The War at Sea" volume II, the naval official history, the official historian Stephen Roskill wrote that Burnett's decision to detach Avenger and its escorts forfeited routine anti-submarine flights and Somali was torpedoed soon afterwards. Burnett signalled for land-based aircraft and on 21 September Catalina and Liberator aircraft from Iceland and Shetland gave about four hours' protection but Convoy SC 100 in the Atlantic was also under attack and this limited the cover available for QP 14. On 22 September, the weather grounded the shore-based aircraft and three ships were sunk in quick succession. The lack of aircraft and the exhaustion of the warship crews probably contributed to U-435 getting inside the escort screen.
In 2004, Richard Woodman wrote that the gamble was worth it. EV showed the crews of the smaller close escort vessels that the destroyers had proved their worth. When there were no air-raids [during PQ 18] the destroyers performed
QP 14, escorts and other vessels
Merchant ships
Force Q
Eastern Local Escort
Close escort
Distant Covering Force
Carrier Force
Cruiser Covering Force
Destroyer force A
Destroyer force B
Force P
Operation Gearbox II
Allied submarines
German forces
U-boats
Notes
References
Bibliography
Websites'
Further reading
External links
QP.14 at convoyweb
QP 14
C
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41048062
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1707%20in%20France
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1707 in France
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Events from the year 1707 in France.
Incumbents
Monarch: Louis XIV
Events
April 25: Battle of Almansa, described as "probably the only Battle in history in which the English forces were commanded by a Frenchman, the French by an Englishman."
May 2–3: Action of 2 May 1707
July 29-August 21: Battle of Toulon: Prince Eugene is forced to abandon his attempt to take the naval port of Toulon
October 21: Battle at The Lizard
Births
January 8 - Louis, Dauphin of France, son of Louis of France, Duke of Burgundy (died 1712)
April 10 - Michel Corrette, organist and composer (died 1795)
Nicolas La Grange, playwright and translator (died 1775)
Deaths
February 26 - Louis Cousin, translator, historian, lawyer, royal censor and president of the cour des monnaies (born 1627)
April 24 - Bernard Desjean, Baron de Pointis, admiral and privateer (born 1645)
November 5 - Denis Dodart, physician, naturalist and botanist (born 1634)
Julie d'Aubigny, swordswoman and opera singer (born c.1670)
See also
War of the Spanish Succession
See also
References
1700s in France
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41048065
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20hilasma
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Anopina hilasma
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Anopina hilasma is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Guatemala.
References
Moths described in 1914
hilasma
Moths of Central America
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41048071
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanwide%20Expeditions
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Oceanwide Expeditions
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Oceanwide Expeditions is a Dutch company specializing in expedition-style voyages to Antarctica and the Arctic. Deploying its own fleet of ice-strengthened vessels, Oceanwide emphasizes small-scale, flexible tours that provide passengers close contact with polar wildlife, landscapes, and historical sites. Tours usually take place in regions only accessible by sea, with little to no infrastructure. The locations visited are first reached by ship, after which expedition guides take small groups of passengers to landing sites by way of Zodiac Milpro RIBs (rigid inflatable boats), enabling safe cruising and maximum shore time.
History
Starting in 1983, the Dutch “Plancius Foundation” was the first operator to organize yearly polar expedition cruises to the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. Oceanwide Expeditions continued with the activities of the Plancius Foundation in 1993.
The origin of the Plancius Foundation started with the Arctic Centre at the University of Groningen, which launched a research program investigating 17th-century Dutch whaling around Spitsbergen, the largest island of the Svalbard chain. With Arctic archaeology professor Louwrens Hacquebord leading the initiative, the ship Pollox was purchased in 1979 and renamed Plancius to accommodate research around the Dutch settlement of Smeerenburg.
Along with the scientists on board were tourists who had paid for their Arctic journey, and their contributions formed part of the later financial support for the Svalbard expeditions. Eventually, however, funding troubles overtook the Plancius Foundation and the ship was sold.
Awards and recognitions
Five-time winner of World's Leading Polar Expedition Operator Award
Geo Saison's Best Activity Provider Award at the 2013 ITB Berlin Goldene Palme Awards
Outside Magazine's first Active Travel Award winner in 2012
Two-time winner of Puffin Award by AECO
Partnerships
Oceanwide Expeditions works closely with organizations that support the preservation of natural habitats and sustainable environmental conditions. In the Arctic, these entities include the Association of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators (AECO) and Clean Up Svalbard. In Antarctica, the International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO) and BirdLife International are two organizations with whom Oceanwide works.
Fleet
Oceanwide Expeditions currently operates five vessels of various nautical classes: sailing vessel , former Royal Dutch Navy oceanographic research vessel , former Russian Academy of Science vessel , and Polar Class 6 vessels m/v Hondius and m/v Janssonius. All vessels are equipped with Zodiac Milpro RIBs for ship-to-shore landings, while Ortelius is also outfitted with a helipad for helicopter flights in the Weddell and Ross seas.
Destinations
Arctic region
Bear Island
Greenland
Spitsbergen
Jan Mayen
Fair Isle
North Norway
Antarctic region
Bouvet Island
Cape Verde
South Orkney Islands
South Sandwich Islands
Antarctic Peninsula
South Shetland Islands
Ross Sea
Ushuaia
Weddell Sea
Falkland Islands
South Georgia
Ascension Island
St. Helena
Tristan da Cunha
The ideal time of year to visit the Arctic is around the Northern Hemisphere summer, from April through September. The Southern Hemisphere summer, from October through March, is the best time to visit Antarctica.
See also
Professor Molchanov
MV Antarctic Dream
References
External links
Expedition cruising
Travel and holiday companies of the Netherlands
Companies based in Zeeland
Vlissingen
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41048072
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier%20Giacomo%20Grampa
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Pier Giacomo Grampa
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Pier Giacomo Grampa (born 28 October 1936) is an Italian Roman Catholic bishop.
Ordained to the priesthood on 6 December 1959, Grampa was named bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lugano, Switzerland on 18 December 2003 and retired on 4 November 2013.
References
1936 births
Living people
People from Busto Arsizio
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in Switzerland
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41048081
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20psaeroptera
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Anopina psaeroptera
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Anopina psaeroptera is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 1986
psaeroptera
Moths of Central America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
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41048085
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandola%20%28disambiguation%29
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Mandola (disambiguation)
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Mandola may refer to:
Mandola, a fretted, stringed musical instrument
Mandola (painting), a 1910 oil painting by French artist Georges Braque
Mandola (leafhopper), a leafhopper genus in the tribe Erythroneurini
Mandola (candy), a sugar or honey-coated almond candy peculiar to the island of Kefalonia in Greece
See also
Mandora (disambiguation)
Special:Search/Mandore*
|
41048087
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20macartyana
|
Anopina macartyana
|
Anopina macartyana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Costa Rica.
References
Moths described in 2000
macartyana
Moths of Central America
|
41048092
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20macrospinana
|
Anopina macrospinana
|
Anopina macrospinana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Michoacán, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
macrospinana
Moths of Central America
|
41048098
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20manantlana
|
Anopina manantlana
|
Anopina manantlana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Jalisco, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
manantlana
Moths of Central America
|
41048111
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20meredithi
|
Anopina meredithi
|
Anopina meredithi is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Costa Rica.
References
Moths described in 2000
meredithi
Moths of Central America
|
41048120
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Butler%20%28diplomat%29
|
Michael Butler (diplomat)
|
Sir Michael Butler (27 February 1927 – 24 December 2013) was a British diplomat and a collector of 17th century Chinese porcelain. This collection was described by daughter Katharine Butler in her book "Leaping The Dragon Gate".
Career
Michael Dacres Butler was educated at Winchester College and Trinity College, Oxford, and joined the Foreign Service in 1950. He served in New York, Baghdad, Paris and Geneva before spending a year as Fellow at the Harvard Center for International Affairs 1970–71. He was then Counsellor at Washington, D.C., 1971–72, head of the European Integration Department at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) 1972–74, assistant Under-Secretary in charge of European Community affairs 1974–76, deputy Under-Secretary 1976–79, and ambassador and permanent representative to the European Communities, Brussels, 1979–85.
Butler left the Foreign Office in 1985 and was a director of Hambros Bank 1986–94 (subsequently non-executive director 1994–97 and consultant 1997–98). He was chairman of the council of the Royal College of Art 1991–96 and was a Senior Fellow. He was deputy chairman of the board of trustees of the Victoria and Albert Museum 1985–97.
Butler was appointed CMG in the New Year Honours of 1975, knighted KCMG in the New Year Honours of 1980 and raised to GCMG in the Queen's Birthday Honours of 1984. He was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of Portugal in 1998.
Porcelain Collection
Sir Michael assembled an exceptional collection of 17th century Chinese porcelain, described as "indubitably the best in the world in the context of Chinese 17th century porcelain." After his death, the collection was divided following a High Court ruling, at the end of a lengthy court case involving his four children, which determined that each of his children was entitled to a quarter share, 250 pieces from the 850 collected by Sir Michael were removed from the museum built to house them. But the whole family collection lives in a book by Katharine Butler "Leaping The Dragon Gate" published in 2021 and in the museum reopened with over 650 pieces on display.
Personal life
Butler was married to Ann Clyde, daughter of James Latham Clyde, Lord Clyde, until 1997. He has four children, including Katharine Butler.
Publications
Europe: More than a Continent, Heinemann, London, 1986.
Chinese porcelain, the transitional period, 1620-1683: a selection from the Michael Butler collection (with Barbara Harrisson), Princessehof Ceramics Museum, 1986
Seventeenth century Jingdezhen porcelain from the Shanghai Museum and the Butler collections: beauty's enchantment (with Wang Qingzheng), Scala Publishers, 2006.
Late Ming : Chinese porcelain from the Butler Collections, Musée national d'histoire et d'art, Luxembourg, 2008.
References
BUTLER, Sir Michael (Dacres), Who's Who 2013, A & C Black, 2013; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2012
External links
Interview with Sir Michael Dacres Butler & transcript, British Diplomatic Oral History Programme, Churchill College, Cambridge, 1997
1927 births
2013 deaths
People educated at Winchester College
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
Permanent Representatives of the United Kingdom to the European Union
People associated with the Royal College of Art
People associated with the Victoria and Albert Museum
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit (Portugal)
British expatriates in the United States
British expatriates in Iraq
British expatriates in France
British expatriates in Switzerland
|
41048123
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20metlec
|
Anopina metlec
|
Anopina metlec is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
metlec
Moths of Central America
|
41048124
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella%20parisiensis
|
Legionella parisiensis
|
Legionella parisiensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from cooling tower water in Paris.
References
External links
Type strain of Legionella parisiensis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Legionellales
Bacteria described in 1985
|
41048127
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20minas
|
Anopina minas
|
Anopina minas is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
minas
Moths of Central America
|
41048133
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20perplexa
|
Anopina perplexa
|
Anopina perplexa is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
perplexa
Moths of Central America
|
41048138
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobophora%20%28alga%29
|
Lobophora (alga)
|
Lobophora is a genus of thalloid brown seaweed of the Phylum Ochrophyta; Class Phaeophyceae.
Taxonomy and nomenclature
The genus Lobophora belongs to the Order Dictyotales; Family Dictyotaceae, and additionally to the Tribe of Zonarieae.
Currently, there are a total of seventy-one (71) taxonomically accepted species belonging to this genus:
Lobophora abaculusa C.W.Vieira, Payri & De Clerck
Lobophora abscondita C.W.Vieira, Payri & De Clerck
Lobophora adpressa O.Camacho & C.Fernández-García
Lobophora africana C.W.Vieira & M.Zubia
Lobophora agardhii Payri & C.W.Vieira
Lobophora antsirananaensis Viera & Rasoamanendrika
Lobophora asiatica Z.Sun, Ji.Tanaka & H.Kawai
Lobophora astrolabeae C.W.Vieira & Payri
Lobophora bandeirae C.W.Vieira, DeClerk & F.Leliaert
Lobophora boudeuseae C.W.Vieira & Payri
Lobophora boussoleae C.W.Vieira & Payri
Lobophora brooksii D.L.Ballantine & J.N.Norris
Lobophora caboverdeana C.W.Vieira & C.H.Almada
Lobophora canariensis (Sauvageau) C.W.Vieira, De Clerck & Payri
Lobophora ceylanica (Harvey ex E.S.Barton) C.W.Vieira, De Clerck & Payri
Lobophora challengeriae C.W.Vieira
Lobophora colombiana O.Comacho & Fredericq
Lobophora coquilleae C.W.Vieira
Lobophora crispata O.Camacho & Fredericq
Lobophora dagamae C.W.Viera
Lobophora delicata Camacho & Fredericq
Lobophora dichotoma (R.H.Simons) P.C.Silva
Lobophora dickiei Payri & C.W.Vieira
Lobophora dimorpha C.W.Vieira, Payri & De Clerck
Lobophora dispersa Camacho, Freshwater & Fredericq
Lobophora endeavouriae C.W.Vieira
Lobophora erythraea C.W.Vieira
Lobophora esperanceae C.W.Vieira
Lobophora etoileae C.W.Vieira
Lobophora evanii C.W.Vieira & Rasoamanendrika
Lobophora flabellata C.W.Vieira, De Clerck, R.J.Anderson & J.J.Bolton
Lobophora garyi C.W.Vieira & Rasoamanendrika
Lobophora gibbera C.W.Vieira, Payri & De Clerck
Lobophora gloriosa C.W.Vieira & M.Zubia
Lobophora hederacea C.W.Vieira, Payri & De Clerck
Lobophora henae C.W.Vieira & Rasoamanendrika
Lobophora indica V.Krishnamurthy & M.Baluswami
Lobophora variegata var. indica Umamaheswara Rao
Lobophora isselii (Piccone & Grunow) C.W.Vieira, De Clerck & Payri
Lobophora kimiae C.W.Vieira & Rasoamanendrika
Lobophora lamourouxii Payri & C.W.Vieira
Lobophora lessepsiana C.W.Vieira
Lobophora lubaoreniana Luan Rixiao & Ding Lanping
Lobophora madagascariensis C.W.Vieira & Rasoamanendrika
Lobophora maldivensis C.W.Vieira & C.Payri
Lobophora minima V.Krishnamurthy & M.Baluswami
Lobophora variegata var. minima Umamaheswara Rao
Lobophora monticola C.W.Vieira, Payri & De Clerck
Lobophora nigrescens J.Agardh
Lobophora novae C.W.Vieira & M.Zubia
Lobophora obscura (Dickie) C.W.Vieira, De Clerck & Payri
Lobophora pachyventera Z.Sun, P.-E.Lim, Ji.Tanaka & H.Kawai
Lobophora pacifica (Setchell) C.W.Vieira, De Clerck & Payri
Lobophora panamensis O.Camacho, C.Fernández-García & Fredericq
Lobophora papenfussii (W.R.Taylor) Farghaly
Lobophora petila C.W.Vieira, Payri & De Clerck
Lobophora providenceae C.W.Vieira
Lobophora rechercheae C.W.Vieira
Lobophora richardii C.W.Vieira & Payri
Lobophora rickeri Kraft
Lobophora rosacea C.W.Vieira, Payri & De Clerck
Lobophora schneideri C.W.Vieira
Lobophora setchellii C.W.Vieira & Payri
Lobophora soaresii CW.Vieira & F.A.Rasoamanendrika
Lobophora sonderi C.W.Vieira, De Clerck & Payri
Lobophora tortugensis O.Camancho & Fredericq
Lobophora tsengii D.Tien & Z.Sun
Lobophora undulata C.W.Vieira, Payri & De Clerck
Lobophora variegata (J.V.Lamouroux) Womersley ex E.C.Oliveira
Lobophora zmaragdina C.W.Vieira & C.Payri
General morphological characteristics
Thalli
Thalli are foliose or fan-shaped and possess different growth morphologies: decumbent, procumbent, crustose, conk-like (shelf-like), fasciculate, and stipitate, depending on species and habitat. Thalli arises from matted rhizoidal holdfast with branched fronds displaying broadly flabellate to irregularly branched forms. Algal hairs are arranged in concentric lines or scattered turf. Size can reach up to 20 cm long. Coloration are commonly light brown to dark-brown.
Cellular structure (internal morphology)
Thalli is 7-12 cells thick, with the outermost layers composed of cortical cells overlying innermost layer of larger medullary cells. Medullary cells usually exhibit uniform sized except for the larger central cells. Discoid chloroplasts are found at the cortical layers.
Reproductive structures
The sporangial sori of Lobophora are either scattered or in concentric bands found at the surface of the thallus They are characteristically indusiated but without paraphyses. Sporangia without a basal stalk cell produce up to eight (8) spores. Oogonia are found in sori on both side of the frond surfaces.
Life history
The life history of Lobophora is currently unknown. But it may have similar stages with other members from Dictyotaceae Family.
Distribution and habitat
The genus Lobophora are found throughout the pantropical and even temperate regions. They are found growing on solid substrate (rocks) at intertidal (some are wave-exposed) to subtidal areas of rocky-reef habitats.
Ecology and impacts
Seaweeds, such as Lobophora are naturally occurring in coral reefs. Under normal conditions, the interactions between Genus Lobophora and corals pose no threat and can co-exist in an ecosystem. This is attributed to the control of algal populations by coral chemical defense and herbivory. However, when these contributing control factors become unbalanced, Lobophora and other associated seaweeds become opportunistic in taking over reefs (i.e. increasing spatial cover) and by density-dependent negative feedback, prevents corals from settling on substrate. However, as mentioned earlier, Lobophora a species-rich group and certain individuals have different growth patterns, interactions, and habitat-preferences. Understanding and determining its taxa is utmost important.
Because of capacity of seaweeds, such as Lobophora to occupy large spatial habitats, particularly in degraded reefs, they can have an impact on the chances of coral larvae to settle on a substrate. Lobophora can inhibit coral settlement, however, its effect can decrease later on life history stages because they have no effect on growing coral nubbins. Chances of coral larvae to settle in degraded reef followed by disturbance may be challenging.
As mentioned, Lobophora are highly preferred by herbivores particularly fish. Growth morphological defenses have been developed by this group to become unpalatable to its herbivores. Encrust (crustose) forming Lobophora, such as L. variegata are dominant in areas with high concentration of herbivorous fish and sea urchin, compare to other seaweeds having a foliose or decumbent morphologies. This indicates that high herbivory activities in the area may influence the defense mechanisms of seaweeds, in the case of Lobophora, its specific growth morphologies.
Varying metabolomic concentration differs from Lobophora species when exposed to changing natural habitats and substrates. Fatty acids derivatives and polyolefins were identified as chemomarkers of these changing conditions. This indicates possible chemical plasticity of metabolites in the genus. Different Lobophora may composed varying natural products depending on bioregion.
Economic importance/ natural products
Similar to other seaweeds, Genus Lobophora has a variety of natural products. There are: Minerals: cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), iodine (I), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn); Pigments: carotene, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, fucoxanthin; Polysaccharides/ simple sugars: alginic acid, laminarin; Sugar alcohol: mannitol.
In addition Lobophora may have contributions in medicinal application. Sulfated polysaccharides, fucans, from algae Lobophora variegata were shown to have anti-inflammatory activity in acute zymosan-induced arthritis in laboratory rats. It resulted in treatments by reducing cell infiltration in the synovial membrane with a decrease in TNF-α. It was also shown that heterofucans are strong antioxidants. Another is Lobophora has antiprotozoal activity against parasitic protozoans such as Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis. Extract from L. variegata shows promising result in the treatments of protozoan infection. The chloroform fraction of the extract contained a major sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), identified as 1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-myristoyl-3-O-(6´´´-sulfo-a-D-quinovopyranosyl)-glycerol, together with small amounts of 1,2-di-O-palmitoyl-3-O-(6´´´-sulfo-a-D-quinovopyranosyl)-glycerol, and a new compound identified as 1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-oleoyl-3-O-(6´´´-sulfo-a-D-quinovopyranosyl)-glycerol were identified having strong antiprotozoal attributes.
References
Dictyotaceae
Brown algae genera
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41048144
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeon%20Sang-guk
|
Jeon Sang-guk
|
Jeon Sang-guk (Hangul: 전상국) is a South Korean writer known for his masculine writing style.
Life
Jeon Sang-guk was born on March 24, 1940, in Gangwon-do, Korea. Jeon graduated from Kyunghee University with a B.A. and M.A. in Korean literature. He worked, for many years, as a High School teacher and then as a professor of Korean Literature at Kangwon University.
Work
Jeon Sang-guk drew on his personal experiences in the Korean War and the ensuing division of the country to reconfirm the tragic consequences of these events. For Jeon, however, the real suffering is not in the War itself but in its aftermath, in the families ripped apart and the homes lost; and often, the War provides an opportunity to capture the drama of conflict and confrontation that exists in traditional human relationships. In Ah-be's Family, the wounds left by the war are symbolized by a mentally disabled child of rape, abandoned by his mother, who immigrates to the U.S. with her new family. The guilt-ridden mother, however, fails to find peace in the new land. The tragedy, therefore, is not only found in the rape and its by-product, the handicapped child, but also in consequence of the attempt to escape the traumatic memories of it. Jeon's serial novel, "The Road" (Gil), further investigates the aftermath of the war through the problem of isan gajok or families separated by the war and the division. In the 1980s, Jeon Sang Guk, who worked for a long time as a schoolteacher, expanded the scope of his literary topic to include problems in education. His stories "The Tears of an Idol" (Usangui nunmul), "The Squealing of Piglets" (Doeji saekkideurui ureum) and "The Eye of the Darkness" (Eumjiui nun) take the confined space of the school as a microcosmic setting, and explore the problematic relationships between teachers and students, as well as among the students themselves as they correlate to the similar issues in society at large.
Works in Translation
Ahbes Familie (전상국 단편선-아베의 가족)
La familia de Abe (전상국 단편선-아베의 가족)
Works in Korean (Partial)
Short Story Collections
The Restless Village (Baram nan maeul, 1977)
That Place Beneath Heaven (Haneul arae geu jari, 1979)
Tears of an Idol (1980)
Ah-be's Family (1980)
Our Wings (Urideurui nalgae, 1981)
The House of Punishment (Hyeongbeorui jip, 1987)
Father (Aebi, 1966).
Awards
Contemporary Literature (Hyundae Munhak) Award (1977)
Korean Literature Writers Award (1979),
Dong-in Literary Award (1980)
Korean Literature Award(1980)
Yoon Dongju Literature Prize (1988)
Kim Yujeong Literature Prize (1988)
References
1940 births
Korean writers
Living people
|
41048146
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20Challenger%20Ciudad%20de%20Guayaquil%20%E2%80%93%20Doubles
|
2013 Challenger Ciudad de Guayaquil – Doubles
|
Martín Alund and Facundo Bagnis were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Dutch team of Stephan Fransen and Wesley Koolhof won their first title as a team defeating Roman Borvanov and Alexander Satschko.
Seeds
Draw
Draw
References
Main Draw
Challenger Ciudad de Guayaquil - Doubles
2013 Doubles
|
41048152
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20bundle
|
Software bundle
|
Software bundle may refer to:
Pre-installed software
Bundled software
Software suite
|
41048154
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20phaeopina
|
Anopina phaeopina
|
Anopina phaeopina is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
phaeopina
Moths of Central America
|
41048157
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20pinana
|
Anopina pinana
|
Anopina pinana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Jalisco, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
pinana
Moths of Central America
|
41048162
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20potosiensis
|
Anopina potosiensis
|
Anopina potosiensis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Nuevo León, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
potosiensis
Moths of Central America
|
41048168
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20pseudominas
|
Anopina pseudominas
|
Anopina pseudominas is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
pseudominas
Moths of Central America
|
41048170
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopina%20pseudotilia
|
Anopina pseudotilia
|
Anopina pseudotilia is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 2000
pseudotilia
Moths of Central America
|
41048172
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythroneurini
|
Erythroneurini
|
Erythroneurini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Typhlocybinae, with over 200 genera.
Genera
Aaka Dworakowska, 1972
Accacidia Dworakowska, 1971
Ahmedra Dworakowska & Viraktamath, 1979
Aidola Melichar, 1914
Aisa Dworakowska, 1979
Ajika Dworakowska, 1979
Alerrawia Dmitriev, 2016
Alnetoidia Dlabola, 1958
Amazygina Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006
Ambara Dworakowska, 1981
Andrabia Ahmed, 1970
Anufrievia Dworakowska, 1970
Anzygina Fletcher & Larivière, 2009
Arboridia Zachvatkin, 1946
Arbosiria Dworakowska, 1994
Asianidia Zachvatkin, 1946
Assina Dworakowska, 1979
Aylala Dworakowska, 1994
Aztegina Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006
Bakera Mahmood, 1967
Bakshia Dworakowska, 1977
Balanda Dworakowska, 1979
Barinaga Dworakowska, 1995
Baya Dworakowska, 1972
Bengueta Mahmood, 1967
Bogorya Dworakowska, 2011
Borsukia Dworakowska, 2011
Cassianeura Ramakrishnan & Menon, 1973
Cerkira Dworakowska, 1994
Cerneura Ghauri, 1978
Chagria Dworakowska, 1994
Chikava Dworakowska, 1995
Chujophila Dworakowska, 1997
Ciudadrea Dworakowska, 1970
Coganoa Dworakowska, 1976
Coloana Dworakowska, 1971
Cubnara Dworakowska, 1979
Czarnastopa Dworakowska, 2011
Damaniana Dmitriev & Dietrich, 2006
Davmata Dworakowska, 1979
Diomma Motschulsky, 1863
Dipemura Dworakowska, 2011
Dorycnia Dworakowska, 1972
Duanjina Kuoh, 1981
Elbelus Mahmood, 1967
Eldama Dworakowska, 1972
Empoascanara Distant, 1918
Erasmoneura Young, 1952
Eratoneura Young, 1952
Eryascara Dworakowska, 1995
Erythridula Young, 1952
Erythroneura Fitch, 1851
Eterna Dworakowska, 2011
Fractata Song & Li, 2011
Frutioidia Zachvatkin, 1946
Gambialoa Dworakowska, 1972
Georgetta Dworakowska, 2011
Gindara Dworakowska, 1980
Gladkara Dworakowska, 1995
Goska Dworakowska, 1981
Gredzinskiya Dworakowska, 1972
Hajra Dworakowska, 1981
Hamagina Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006
Hamata Cao, Dmitriev, Dietrich & Zhang, 2019
Harmata Dworakowska, 1976
Hauptidia Dworakowska, 1970
Helionidia Zachvatkin, 1946
Hepneriana Dworakowska, 1972
Hepzygina Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006
Hymetta McAtee, 1919
Ifeneura Ghauri, 1975
Illinigina Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006
Imbecilla Dworakowska, 1970
Imugina Mahmood, 1967
Irenaneura Cao, Huang & Zhang, 2012
Iseza Dworakowska, 1981
Ivorycoasta Dworakowska, 1972
Jalalia Ahmed, 1970
Jotwa Dworakowska, 1995
Kabakra Dworakowska, 1979
Kadrabia Dworakowska & Sohi, 1978
Kanguza Dworakowska, 1972
Kapsa Dworakowska, 1972
Kaukania Dworakowska, 1972
Kelmensa Dworakowska, 2011
Keuria Theron, 1988
Koperta Dworakowska, 1972
Kropka Dworakowska, 1970
Kusala Dworakowska, 1981
Kwempia Ahmed, 1979
Laciniata Song & Li, 2013
Lamtoana Dworakowska, 1972
Lankama Dworakowska, 1994
Lectotypella Dworakowska, 1972
Leuconeura Ishihara, 1978
Levigata Cao, Dmitriev, Dietrich & Zhang, 2019
Lichtrea Dworakowska, 1976
Lisciasta Dworakowska, 1995
Lublinia Dworakowska, 1970
Luvanda Dworakowska, 1995
Makia Dmitriev & Dietrich, 2006
Mandola Dworakowska & Viraktamath, 1975
Mangganeura Ghauri, 1967
Matsumurina Dworakowska, 1972
Meremra Dworakowska & Viraktamath, 1979
Mexigina Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006
Mfutila Dworakowska, 1974
Mitjaevia Dworakowska, 1970
Mizeria Dworakowska, 1994
Molopopterus Jacobi, 1910
Motaga Dworakowska, 1979
Musbrnoia Dworakowska, 1972
Nababia Dworakowska, 1994
Nandara Dworakowska, 1984
Napogina Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006
Nedotepa Dmitriev, 2016
Negoneura McKamey, 2006
Nelionidia Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006
Neoimbecilla Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006
Neolokia Dmitriev & Dietrich, 2006
Neozygina Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006
Ngoma Dworakowska, 1974
Ngombela Dworakowska, 1974
Ngunga Dworakowska, 1974
Niedoida Dworakowska, 1994
Nitta Dworakowska, 1995
Nkaanga Dworakowska, 1974
Nkonba Dworakowska, 1974
Nkumba Dworakowska, 1974
Nsanga Dworakowska, 1974
Nsesa Dworakowska, 1974
Nsimbala Dworakowska, 1974
Ntanga Dworakowska, 1974
Ntotila Dworakowska, 1974
Nzinga Dworakowska, 1974
Olszewskia Dworakowska, 1974
Ossuaria Dworakowska, 1979
Otbatara Dworakowska, 1984
Parathaia Kuoh, 1982
Pasara Dworakowska, 1981
Penangiana Mahmood, 1967
Perugina Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006
Pettya Kirkaldy, 1906
Plumosa Sohi, 1977
Proskura Dworakowska, 1981
Pseudothaia Kuoh, 1982
Punctigerella Vilbaste, 1968
Qadria Mahmood, 1967
Raabeina Dworakowska, 1972
Ramania Dworakowska, 1972
Ranbara Dworakowska, 1983
Ratburella Ramakrishnan & Menon, 1973
Ratjalia Dworakowska, 1981
Ratsiraka Dworakowska, 1997
Rhusia Theron, 1977
Rolwalia Thapa, 1989
Rossmoneura Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006
Rufitidia Dworakowska, 1994
Saccata Cao & Zhang, 2013
Sajda Dworakowska, 1981
Salka Dworakowska, 1972
Sanatana Dworakowska, 1984
Sandanella Mahmood, 1967
Sempia Dworakowska, 1970
Seriana Dworakowska, 1971
Singapora Mahmood, 1967
Sirosoma McAtee, 1933
Ska Dworakowska, 1976
Songana Song & Li, 2017
Spinigina Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006
Stehliksia Dworakowska, 1972
Szymczakowskia Dworakowska, 1974
Tamaricella Zachvatkin, 1946
Tautoneura Anufriev, 1969
Thaia Ghauri, 1962
Thailus Mahmood, 1967
Thaioneura Song, Li & Dietrich, 2016
Thaiora Dworakowska, 1995
Thapaia Dmitriev & Dietrich, 2006
Thecana Thapa, 1989
Theroniana Dmitriev & Dietrich, 2006
Toroa Ahmed, 1979
Tuzinka Dworakowska & Viraktamath, 1979
Undulivena Song & Li, 2019
Urmila Dworakowska, 1981
Variolosa Cao & Zhang, 2013
Vermara Dworakowska, 1980
Vrba Dworakowska, 1997
Watara Dworakowska, 1977
Witera Dworakowska, 1981
Yakuza Dworakowska, 2002
Yeia Dworakowska, 1995
Zadra Dworakowska, 1997
Zanjoneura Ghauri, 1974
Ziczacella Anufriev, 1970
Zinga Dworakowska, 1972
Zygina Fieber, 1866
Zyginama Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006
Zyginidia Haupt, 1929
Zyginopsis Ramakrishnan & Menon, 1973
References
External links
Typhlocybinae
Hemiptera tribes
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41048174
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaia
|
Thaia
|
Thaia may refer to:
Thaia (leafhopper), a leafhopper genus in the tribe Erythroneurini
Thaia (plant), a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae
See also
Taia (disambiguation)
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41048183
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolychrosis%20ambogonium
|
Apolychrosis ambogonium
|
Apolychrosis ambogonium is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Mexico.
References
Moths described in 1986
Euliini
Moths of Central America
|
41048188
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolychrosis%20candidus
|
Apolychrosis candidus
|
Apolychrosis candidus is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Puebla, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 1986
Euliini
Moths of Central America
|
41048195
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolychrosis%20ferruginus
|
Apolychrosis ferruginus
|
Apolychrosis ferruginus is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Tlaxcala, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 1986
Euliini
Moths of Central America
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41048197
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snotkop
|
Snotkop
|
Francois Henning (born December 22, 1974), better known by his stage name Snotkop (, and previously known as Lekgoa , is a South African singer and rapper of Afrikaans.
He started his music career at age 15 preparing demo CDs, and in the late 1990s adopted the stage name Lekgoa ("white guy" in Sotho) singing in the South African kwaito genre of music. In this period, he was signed to Gallo record label, releasing two albums; Basetsana in 1999 and Ngamla Yoba in 2002.
In 2005 he adopted the name Snotkop initially as part of a 4-piece boy band, and shortly later a solo act signing with Next Music-record label, and launched his self-titled 2005 debut album Snotkop followed by So Damn Sexy in 2008 and Francois Henning Was Hier in 2009. With the release of Ek Laaik Van Jol in 2012, he became one of the top selling South African artists in Africa in the Afrikaans language. Well known singles and music video releases include "Song Vir My Dad", "Dis 'n Land", "Hou My Stywer Vas", "Oppas", "Katrien", "Parapapa" a remake of Cidinho & Doca hit "Rap das Armas", "Ek Laaik Van Jol", "Hoe Lykit", "Raak Vir My Rustig", "Cool Soos Koos Kombuis" and "Agter Op My Fiets". He is also featured in Shine4's hit "Ramaja", a cover of Glennys Lynne's hit with the same title, in Kurt Darren's hit "Stoomtrein" and in MoniQue's hit "Ek Val Vir Jou", an Afrikaans cover of Waldo's People's "Lose Control", one of several international hits he has covered in the language. Other covers include The Offspring's "Why Don't You Get A Job?", covered as "Kry Jouself By Die Werk" and Junior e Leonardo's "Rap das Armas", covered as "Parapapa", but with unrelated lyrics.
Snotkop is also a television personality. He presented the programme Petrolkop on MK, the mostly Afrikaans music channel in South Africa where Snotkop featured various celebrities driving racing cars in time trials against each other.
Awards
Snotkop was nominated for 9 MK, Tempo and Vonk awards, notably "Best Afrikaans Pop album". In 2009, he was nominated for South African Music Awards in the category "Best Afrikaans DVD" during the 15th annual awards.
In 2012, Snotkop won "Best Sokkie Dans Album" award for his album Ek Laaik Van Jol during the 18th South African Music Awards.
Discography
Studio albums
as Lekgoa
1999: Basetsana
2002: Ngamla Yoba
as Snotkop
2005: Snotkop
2008: So Damn Sexy
2009: Francois Henning Was Hier
2011: Ek Laaik van jol!
2012: Oppas
2014: Soos 'n boss
2016: HKGK
2018: Sous
Others
2007: Spring Lewendig (Live album and DVD)
2011: Die Beste Van Snotkop (Compilation album)
2013: ''Wille Videos" (DVD)
Videography
2009: "Parapapa"
2010: "Vrydagaand"
2011: "Song Vir My Dad"
2011: "Ek Laaik Van Jol"
2012: "Dis 'n Land"
2012: "Oppas"
2013: "Ek's Dalk 'n Ses"
2013: "Shut Up en Soen My"
2013: "Hou Stywer Vas"
2013: "Katrien"
2013: "Bakgat Boogie"
2014: "Dikkelicious"
2014: "Agter Op My Fiets"
2015: "Kry Jouself By Die Werk"
2015: "Ek Wens"
2015: "Hiekies in Hartenbos"
2015: "Loslap"
2016: "Cool Soos Koos Kombuis"
2016: "Rock My Amadeus"
2017: "Raak Vir My Rustig"
2017: "Woestersous"
2019: "Pens En Pootjies"
Collaborative
2010: "Ek val vir jou" (MoniQue & Snotkop)
2012: "Stoomtrein" (Kurt Darren feat. Snotkop)
References
External links
Official website
Facebook
South African rappers
21st-century South African male singers
Afrikaans-language singers
Living people
1974 births
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41048202
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolychrosis%20synchysis
|
Apolychrosis synchysis
|
Apolychrosis synchysis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Tlaxcala, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 1986
Euliini
Moths of Central America
|
41048205
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolychrosis%20schwerdtfegeri
|
Apolychrosis schwerdtfegeri
|
Apolychrosis schwerdtfegeri is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Guatemala.
References
Moths described in 1962
Euliini
Moths of Central America
|
41048210
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavilion%20and%20Colonnade%20Apartments
|
Pavilion and Colonnade Apartments
|
The Pavilion and Colonnade Apartments are three highrise apartment buildings in Newark, New Jersey. The Pavilion Apartments are located at 108-136 Martin Luther King Junior Blvd. and the Colonnade Apartments at 25-51 Clifton Avenue in the overlapping neighborhoods known as Seventh Avenue and Lower Broadway.
The 22-story towers were designed in the International Style by architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and opened in 1960, originally known as Colonnade Park. The towers are built in the modernist style of "towers in the park," which advocated dense high-rise housing complexes set within parks and open spaces (which has since fallen out of fashion in favor of mixed-use and low-rise development). Soon after completing Manhattan's Seagram Building, Mies designed the three towers near Branch Brook Park, north of Downtown Newark and adjacent University Heights and Interstate 280.
Privately owned, the buildings were intended to bring middle-income families to the area of the Christopher Columbus Homes — a cluster of low-income apartment buildings, or public housing projects, which were eventually demolished. The Pavilion Apartments were sold in April 2018.
Historical significance
The Pavilion and Colonnade Apartments possess exceptional importance in the 20th century social history of Newark, urban planning and development, and Modernist architecture. The district has the distinction of being New Jersey's first urban renewal project and one of the first in the nation. Through an effort of over 10 years, involving planning, court cases, State and Federal legislation, and a number of developers, the Colonnade Park came to fruition in 1960. The immediate surrounding area has New Jersey's highest concentration of historic landmarks, including Plume House (c.1725), State Street Public School (c.1845), House of Prayer (c.1850), Branch Brook Park (c.1895), Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart (c.1898-1954), Newark Broad Street Station (c.1903), and St. Lucy's Church (c.1926), all of which are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
One of the 20th century's most influential architects, Mies van der Rohe, collaborated with the legendary developer Herbert Greenwald to these towers in Newark among other projects, such as the 860–880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago, the Seagram Building in New York City, and Lafayette Park, Detroit. Upon Greenwald's death in a 1959 air crash, Colonnade Park became their last collaboration and Mies’ only residential project in the eastern United States.
Buildings description
The Colonnade Park consists of three International Style residential towers designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and completed in 1960. They are located immediately adjacent to the northern edge of Newark's Central Business District, north of Interstate 280, east of Clifton Avenue, south of Seventh Avenue, and west of the intersection of Broad Street and Broadway. Conceived as “a city within a city,” the twin buildings known as the Pavilion Apartments are next to the city's Broad Street thoroughfare, and the large “double-length” building known as the Colonnade Apartments faces the majestic Branch Brook Park. The three 22-story aluminum-clad glass high-rises offer 1,240 apartments on a 23.5-acre site. The immediate surrounding area has New Jersey's highest concentration of historic landmarks. It is the only residential work ever constructed in the eastern states that was personally designed by Mies van der Rohe. As such, Mies' Newark project is in many ways aesthetically similar to the Seagram Building, with similar window proportions, exposed beams, columned ground floor, and elevator lobby.
Mies’ Colonnade Apartments, with its reflective glass skin, majestically stands above the treetops of Frederick Law Olmsted's Branch Brook Park in the west. Downhill toward the east, 1,500 feet away, the two Pavilion Apartments are perpendicularly oriented, but face each other with 500 feet apart. The narrower sides of the two rectangular structures are positioned next to Broad Street, Newark's historic artery since 1666. Looking back toward the west, the massive Colonnade Apartments commands a dramatic scene on the top of the elevation, with two Pavilion Apartments symmetrically spaced on its two sides. Now, without the eight Columbus Homes high rises in-between, Mies’ vision has become ever more pronounced in these three 22-story rental buildings. Upper-level floors command views of Downtown Newark and the Manhattan skyline.
A rectilinear prism, the Colonnade Apartments measures 446 feet by 66 feet and contains 560 apartments. (It is Mies’ most expansive structure.) Each bay of the building, that is the distance between two structural columns, measures 22 feet and contains four windows. Each of the two Pavilion Apartments towers is 214 feet by 66 feet with 340 apartments each (680 total). Each tower is a compact mass, symmetrical unto itself, framed by four corners that have a particular aesthetic earlier revealed at Mies' work for the Illinois Institute of Technology. The corners consist of two wide flanges at the center-lines and an eight-inch angle welded between - a feature shared with most of Mies' other towers. These towers were built with reinforced concrete columns to reduce costs, while a skin of glass and prefabricated aluminum moderated the buildings' internal temperature.
Gallery
Pavilion
Colonnade
See also
Mies van der Rohe Residential District, Detroit
Mies van der Rohe
National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, New Jersey
List of tallest buildings in Newark
References
External links
Pavilion and Colonnade Park Apartments Landmarks Nomination for US National Register of Historic Places (unofficial)
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe buildings
National Register of Historic Places in Newark, New Jersey
Residential skyscrapers in Newark, New Jersey
International style architecture in New Jersey
1960 establishments in New Jersey
Residential buildings completed in 1960
Apartment buildings in Newark, New Jersey
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41048214
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20Lima%20Challenger%20%E2%80%93%20Doubles
|
2013 Lima Challenger – Doubles
|
Facundo Argüello and Agustín Velotti were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Andrés Molteni and Fernando Romboli defeated Marcelo Demoliner and Sergio Galdós 6–4, 6–4 in the final.
Seeds
Draw
Draw
References
Main Draw
Lima Challenger - Doubles
2013 Doubles
|
41048237
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apotomops%20texasana
|
Apotomops texasana
|
Apotomops texasana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Arizona and Texas in the United States.
The wingspan is about 15 mm.
References
Moths described in 1984
Euliini
Moths of North America
|
41048245
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonnerwaldlied
|
Argonnerwaldlied
|
Argonnerwaldlied ("Forest of Argonne Song") or "Lied der Pioniere" or "Pionierlied" ("Song of the Pioneers") is a German military march of World War I. It was composed by Hermann Albert Gordon in 1914/1915. It was used during World War I by the German Empire. Variations of the song with different lyrics were used by the Marxist Spartacus League, in Nazi Germany during World War II and in East Germany.
In 1919, new lyrics were adopted by the revolutionary socialist Spartacus League in commemoration of the January 1919 Spartacist uprising. This version was later arranged by Hanns Eisler and performed by the Erich-Weinert-Ensemble in the German Democratic Republic.
Also known as "Durch deutsches Land marschieren wir", "SA marschiert-Lied" was used through the years of Nazi Germany. It originated in 1929 from Saxony and was a marching song of the National Socialist Sturmabteilung based on the tune of Argonnerwaldlied.
As the song spread through Germany, regional variations of the words "Durch deutsches Land" ("through German land") occurred and were substituted with "Durch Großberlin" ("through Greater Berlin"), "Durch Schwabenland" ("through Schwabenland"), etc. The third stanza also has some slight lyrical variations. The NSDAP songbook version adopted "Wir fürchten SPD und Rotfront nicht" ("we fear not the SPD and Rotfront") whereas the Reichsarbeitsdienst adopted "Wir fürchten Moskau und die Juden nicht" ("we fear not Moscow and the Jews").
References
External links
Original lyrics
1929 "SA Marschiertlied" lyrics
German military marches
1914 songs
Songs of World War I
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41048247
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minayo%20Watanabe
|
Minayo Watanabe
|
is a Japanese idol and singer.She debuted as member number 29 of the idol group Onyanko Club. As she was one of the most popular members, in 1986 she started releasing solo songs. Her solo career continued after the group disbanded in 1987.
Biography
She has an elder brother, an elder sister, and a younger sister. She was born in Gifu Prefecture, but moved to Nishikasugai District in Aichi Prefecture when she was two years old. Her father owned a construction company. Once she enrolled at , she became obsessed with table tennis.
In April 1985, she enrolled at in the local area and also attended a celebrity training school in Nagoya. This led to her being scouted by CBS Sony Records. She also joined , a leading entertainment agency, thus she quit high school and moved to Tokyo. Note that since Burning Production had limited the number of celebrities belonging to the agency, , who was waiting for her debut as a singer, was released to its affiliate agency after Watanabe, who was highly favored by , the president of Burning Production, joined the agency. In November 1985, she auditioned for the variety show on Fuji TV and was accepted along with , , and . Unlike usually, the audition at this time was a joint project with the popular radio program , featuring comedian as DJ, and they were also looking for a poster girl for the radio program. In December 1985, she and Yokota became regular performers on a radio program called , featuring Sonoko Kawai and Sayuri Kokushō as DJs.
In February 1986, when Kokushō made her solo debut with the song Valentine Kiss, she and Mako Shiraishi served as backing vocalists. In March 1986, Kawai and Kokushō left the radio program, and Shiraishi was joined as a new DJ. Shortly thereafter, Watanabe caused controversy by saying on the program that "the old ladies were no longer here". In response, Kawai retorted, "When Minayo-chan turns 20, will you be able to maintain your youthfulness like I have?" In April 1986, she enrolled at Horikoshi High School, where many celebrities have attended. In July 1986, a large-scale was held at the Nippon Budokan, and she shook hands with 12,000 fans who gathered there. Shortly thereafter, she made her solo debut with the song , which ranked No. 1 on the Oricon in its first appearance. As a result, she had five consecutive No. 1 songs since her debut as a solo singer. In November 1986, she released her debut album called .
In January 1987, she suddenly started crying while singing her new song on Yūyake Nyan Nyan. The reason was that she was emotionally unstable due to a poor rehearsal for a popular singing show called . In April 1987, she started a radio program called . She remained with the group until September 1987, when Onyanko Club disbanded. She was positioned as a new leader of Onyanko Club. She was considered a legitimate beauty among the Onyanko Club members, many of whom were said to be not very good looking. In addition, Yasushi Akimoto, who was deeply involved with Onyanko Club, described her as "like she was born to be an idol." Since her debut as a solo singer in July 1986, she remained one of the most popular members of the group. She and another popular member, Marina Watanabe, were referred to as , and the two were frequently compared.
After the disbandment of Onyanko Club, she often appeared not only as a singer but also on variety shows such as . In the mid-1990s, she released several semi-nude photo books. In 1996, she married , a member of the rockabilly band Hot Sox, and had two children. When she gave birth to her first son in 1997, she released a video of the birth. In 2002, she participated in the reunion of Onyanko Club. She has since continued her entertainment career while also being involved in a nail salon and an interior design store. In addition, her two sons also made their debut in the entertainment industry.
Discography
Singles
Albums
Studio albums
Best-of albums
Videos
Further reading
References
External links
Official profile at Ever Green Entertainment Group
Official profile at Cast Corporation & Office May
Minayo Land - Official blog
1969 births
Living people
Japanese idols
Japanese women pop singers
Onyanko Club
Singers from Aichi Prefecture
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41048257
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20T.%20O%27Higgins
|
William T. O'Higgins
|
William T. O'Higgins (1829-1874) was a Catholic chaplain in the American Civil War. He served in the 10th Ohio Infantry.
Born William T. Higgins in 1829 near the border of counties Leitrim and Longford, Ireland, he later took the last name of his uncle (Bishop William O'Higgins (1793-1853)), styled O'Higgins, after the royals. After studying in Maynooth at the Royal College of St. Patrick's, he was sent to British Guiana in the West Indies. He arrived in Philadelphia on May 23, 1857 and joined the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. From 1860 to 1861, he was the assistant to Rev. Richard Gilmour at St. Patrick's in Cincinnati.
After difficulties in Cincinnati, William wrote the Archbishop, John B. Purcell, requesting a position as chaplain; this "remov[ed him from a thorny personnel situation by responding to an obvious wartime need".
He was commissioned as chaplain of the 10th Ohio Infantry on June 3, 1861, in which he served until June 17, 1864.
Following the war, he returned to Cincinnati as a pastor and chaplain, but later left for the Diocese of Little Rock, Arkansas, where he served at the Cathedral of St. Andrew, with a colleague from Ohio, Bishop Edward Fitzgerald. By 1871, he had returned to Ohio, this time to Cleveland, where he taught at St. Mary's Seminary for one term and subsequently served 6 months as pastor of St. Augustine's Church, Cleveland. In 1873 he returned to County Leitrim, Ireland, where he died November 4, 1874.
References
Carter, Ruth C., For Honor, Glory & Union: The Mexican & Civil War Letters of Brig. Gen. William Haines Lytle. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1999. .
Catholic Military and Naval Chaplains by Aidan Henry Germain (1929)
David J. Endres "An Ohio 'Holy Joe': Chaplain William T. O'Higgins' Wartime Correspondence with Archbishop Purcell of Cincinnati, 1863," Ohio Civil War Genealogy Journal 13, no. 2 (2009): 73–78.
1829 births
1874 deaths
Union Army chaplains
Irish chaplains
19th-century American Roman Catholic priests
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41048279
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denbigh%20Plantation%20Site
|
Denbigh Plantation Site
|
Denbigh Plantation Site, also known as Mathews Manor, is a historic archaeological site located at Newport News, Virginia.
History
Mathews Manor was built about 1626 for Captain Samuel Mathews. The post-medieval Mathews Manor included a projecting porch and center chimney, both characteristic of Virginia's earliest substantial dwellings. Mathews's house burned about 1650 and was replaced with a smaller house nearby, probably by his son, Samuel Mathews, Jr. (1630-1660), governor of Colonial Virginia (1656-1660).
By the mid-18th century, it was owned by generations of the Digges family, first by Cole Digges, whose first name reflects his mother's Cole family. The Digges family referred to the property as Denbigh plantation and constructed a manor house nearby. Family members also owned Boldrup plantation in Warwick county as well as plantations in York County. Cole Digges and William Digges represented Warwick County as burgesses (and Cole Digges served on the Virginia Governor's Council) before the American Revolutionary War, and William Digges Jr. (who married one of his uncle's daughters) served in the a revolutionary convention and in the Virginia House of Delegates after he sold Denbigh plantation in 1787. His brother Cole Digges also served in the Virginia Ratification Convention.
Modern times
As the Newport News area developed in the early 20th century, part of Denbigh was sold to Mennonites, who continued to farm the land, as well as constructed a dairy and began residential development. Following World War II, Warwick County was reincorporated as Warwick City in 1952, then merged into the City of Newport News in 1958. Many former plantations became residential developments and/or industrial parks, but archeological research conducted first. Colonial Williamsburg's renowned archeologist Ivor Noël Hume excavated the Denbigh Plantation Site during the 1960s. His findings revealed much about early domestic life in the Virginia colony. In addition to the manor house, the site also includes several 17th-century industrial sites and the archeological remains of the 18th-century home of the Digges family. The foundations of both the Digges and Mathews houses have been capped and delineate their outlines, one with a historical marker in a small park at 10 Blacksmythe Lane. An 18th-century dairy and early 19th-century kitchen associated with the Digges homestead are still standing. The earliest known porcelain in Virginia, as well as other early artifacts, were found here during excavation. Although now surrounded by residential development, these sites are preserved within neighborhood parks.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.
References
External links
Denbigh Plantation, Milk House, Lukas Creek Road, Newport News, Newport News, VA at the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS)
Denbigh Plantation, Spring House, Lukas Creek Road, Newport News, Newport News, VA at HABS
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Newport News, Virginia
Historic American Buildings Survey in Virginia
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41048293
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20ATP%20Challenger%20Tour%20Finals%20%E2%80%93%20Singles
|
2013 ATP Challenger Tour Finals – Singles
|
Guido Pella was the champion in 2013, but did not qualify for the event in 2013, since he played mostly ATP World Tour tournaments in that season. Filippo Volandri has won the tournament by defeating Alejandro González 4–6, 6–4, 6–2 in the final. For the third consecutive year since the tournament's inception, the finalists played a rematch of their previous round-robin stage encounter, in which the champion was defeated by the runner-up.
Seeds
Teymuraz Gabashvili (semifinals)
Filippo Volandri (champion)
Aleksandr Nedovyesov (semifinals)
Jesse Huta Galung (round robin)
Alejandro González (final)
Adrian Ungur (round robin)
Andrej Martin (round robin)
Guilherme Clezar (round robin)
Draw
Finals
Green group
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5. steering-committee decision.
Yellow group
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5. steering-committee decision.
References
Main Draw
Finals
2013 Singles
2013 in Brazilian tennis
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41048295
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apotomops%20carchicola
|
Apotomops carchicola
|
Apotomops carchicola is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Carchi Province, Ecuador.
References
Moths described in 2000
Euliini
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
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41048296
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchikallu
|
Manchikallu
|
Manchikallu is a village in Palnadu district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Rentachintala mandal of Gurazala revenue division.
Governance
Manchikallu gram panchayat is the local self-government of the village.
Government and politics
Manchikallu gram panchayat is the local self-government of the village. It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member. The ward members are headed by a Sarpanch.
References
Villages in Palnadu district
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41048312
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apotomops%20sololana
|
Apotomops sololana
|
Apotomops sololana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Napo Province, Ecuador.
References
Moths described in 1999
Euliini
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
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41048315
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekaterina%20Bakhvalova
|
Yekaterina Bakhvalova
|
Yekaterina Aleksandrovna Bakhvalova (; born 8 March 1972 in Leningrad, Soviet Union) is a retired Russian athlete who specialised in the 400 metres hurdles. She represented her country at the 2004 Summer Olympics narrowly missing the final.
Her personal best in the event is 54.65 seconds, set in 1999.
International competitions
See also
List of World Athletics Championships medalists (women)
List of European Athletics Championships medalists (women)
4 × 400 metres relay at the World Championships in Athletics
References
1972 births
Living people
Athletes from Saint Petersburg
Russian female hurdlers
Olympic female hurdlers
Olympic athletes for Russia
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Russia
Universiade silver medalists for Russia
FISU World University Games gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Medalists at the 1997 Summer Universiade
Goodwill Games medalists in athletics
Competitors at the 1998 Goodwill Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for Russia
World Athletics Indoor Championships winners
European Athletics Championships medalists
Russian Athletics Championships winners
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41048334
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Sim%C3%B3n%20Guti%C3%A9rrez
|
Juan Simón Gutiérrez
|
Juan Simón Gutiérrez (1634-1718) was a Spanish Baroque painter.
Gutiérrez was born in Medina-Sidonia. He moved to Seville where he met and studied under Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, as evidenced by the influence on Gutiérrez's works. He enrolled in the Academia de Bellas Artes (Seville) between 1664 and 1667, the year he married. In 1680 he obtained the position of being responsible for the entrance examinations of the new students of the Academy.
Only two known signed works have been identified: the Madonna and Child with Saint Augustine, dated 1686, in the Convent of the Trinity of Carmona, which is perhaps his masterpiece, treated as a sacred conversation in which both males and females are interpreted with unquestionable quality, and the other Death of Santo Domingo assisted by Virgin, dated 1711 is preserved in the Museum of Fine Arts of Seville. Other works attributed can be seen in the Wallace Collection, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, in the church of St. Mary the Crowned of Medina Sidonia, and private collections .
External links and references
Pérez Sánchez, Alfonso E. (1992). Baroque Painting in Spain 1600-1750. Madrid: Ediciones Chair. .
Valdivieso, E. and Serrera, JM, Season of Murillo. Antecedents and consequences of his painting, exhibition catalog, Palace of Aranjuez, 1982 SE 225-1982 Legal Deposit.
1634 births
1718 deaths
17th-century Spanish painters
Spanish male painters
People from La Janda
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41048335
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apotomops%20rhampha
|
Apotomops rhampha
|
Apotomops rhampha is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Ecuador (Loja Province).
The wingspan is 20 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is white, strigulated with grey. The markings are brownish grey with blackish brown spots. The hindwings are whitish, mixed with cream brownish in the apical portion.
Etymology
The species name refers to the shape of the process of the sterigma and is derived from Greek rhamphos (meaning the beak of predaceous bird).
References
Moths described in 2008
Euliini
Moths of South America
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41048340
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dra%20dit%20pepparn%20v%C3%A4xer
|
Dra dit pepparn växer
|
"Dra dit pepparn växer" is a song written by Ulf Nordquist, and originally recorded by Sten & Stanley on the 1985 album Musik, dans & party. The song was also recorded in English, as "Don't Play a Sad Song after Midnight", and was released as a single. This version was entered into the "Castlebar Song Contest" of that year, which it ultimately won.
The song entered the Svensktoppen chart, where it stayed for 10 weeks during the period of 27 October- 29 December 1985, it peaked number two for two weeks.
Other recordings
Leif Hultgren - 1985 on the album Costa Ricas ros.
Stig-Roland Holmbom - 1986 on the album Främmande länder.
Black Ingvars - 1995 on the album Earcandy Six.
Norwegian countryband "Nystogs". "Du kan dra dit pepper'n gror"
At Dansbandskampen 2009 the song was performed by Swedish dansband Casanovas. Their recording was also added for the official Dansbandskampen 2009 compilation album.
References
1985 songs
Swedish songs
Swedish-language songs
Sten & Stanley songs
|
41048345
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951%20Columbus%2C%20Ohio%20mayoral%20election
|
1951 Columbus, Ohio mayoral election
|
The Columbus mayoral election of 1951 was the 69th mayoral election in Columbus, Ohio. It was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1951. During the primary nomination on August 14, 1951, the Columbus electorate nominated two Republicans, incumbent mayor Jim Rhodes and former mayor Floyd F. Green, to compete in the general election. Incumbent mayor Rhodes defeated Green.
References
Bibliography
Columbus
Mayoral elections in Columbus, Ohio
Columbus
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41048360
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924%20Victorian%20state%20election
|
1924 Victorian state election
|
The 1924 Victorian state election was held in the Australian state of Victoria on Thursday 26 June 1924 to elect the 65 members of the state's Legislative Assembly.
Background
Seat changes
There had been four by-elections in Nationalist-held seats during the previous parliamentary term: Labor had won the seats of Daylesford on 9 August 1923 and Dalhousie on 31 January 1924. The Nationalists retained the seat of Gippsland South on 18 August 1922, but lost Gippsland West to the Country Party.
Results
Legislative Assembly
|}
Notes:
Twenty seats were uncontested at this election, and were retained by the incumbent parties:
Labor (12): Abbotsford, Brunswick, Carlton, Collingwood, Fitzroy, Flemington, North Melbourne, Port Fairy, Port Melbourne, Richmond, Warrenheip, Williamstown
Nationalist (5): Allandale, Gippsland South, Kara Kara, St Kilda, Waranga
Country (3): Gippsland East, Goulburn Valley, Wangaratta
Outcome
The Peacock minority government was defeated; a minority Labor Government led by George Prendergast took office but was defeated in Parliament in November 1924 by the Allan Coalition Government.
See also
Candidates of the 1924 Victorian state election
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1924–1927
References
1924 elections in Australia
Elections in Victoria (state)
1920s in Victoria (state)
June 1924 events
|
41048365
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%20Markovi%C4%87%20%28footballer%29
|
Stefan Marković (footballer)
|
Stefan Marković (; born 22 July 1993) is a Serbian football defender, playing for Novi Pazar.
References
External links
Stefan Marković stats at utakmica.rs
1993 births
Living people
Footballers from Pristina
Serbian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
FK Radnički Niš players
FK Car Konstantin players
FK Moravac Mrštane players
FK Radnički Pirot players
Serbian First League players
Serbian SuperLiga players
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41048368
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20poems%20by%20Robert%20Frost
|
List of poems by Robert Frost
|
The following is a List of poems by Robert Frost. Robert Frost was an American poet, and the recipient of four Pulitzer Prizes for poetry.
Collections
A Boy's Will (1913)
North of Boston (1914)
Mountain Interval (1916)
The following list is compiled from the revised 1920 edition:
New Hampshire (1923)
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Fire and Ice
The Aim Was Song
The Need of Being Versed in Country Things
The Moon
I Will Sing You One
Paul's Wife
For Once, Then, Something
The Onset
Two Look at Two
Nothing Gold Can Stay
New Hampshire
Misgiving
The Axe-Helve
The Grind-Stone
The Witch of Coos
The Pauper Witch of Grafton
A Star In A Stone Boat
The Star Splitter
In A Disused Graveyard
Fragmentary Blue
A Brook in the City
On a Tree Fallen Across the Road (To Hear Us Talk)
Gathering Leaves
To Earthward
West-Running Brook (1928)
A Further Range (1937)
A Witness Tree (1942)
The Gift Outright
The Most of It
Come In
All Revelation
A Considerable Speck
The Silken Tent
Happiness Makes Up In Height For What It Lacks In Length
The Subverted Flower
The Lesson for Today
The Discovery of the Madeiras
Of the Stones of the Place
Never Again Would Birds' Song Be the Same
To A Moth Seen In Winter
In the Clearing (1962)
Pod of the Milkweed
Away!
A Cabin in the Clearing
Closed for Good
America is Hard to See
One More Brevity
Escapist—Never
For John F. Kennedy His Inauguration
Accidentally on Purpose
A Never Naught Song
Version
A Concept Self-Conceived
Forgive O, Lord
Kitty Hawk
Auspex
The Draft Horse
Ends
Peril of Hope
Questioning Faces
Does No One at All Ever Feel This Way in the Least?
The Bad Island—Easter
Our Doom to Bloom
The Objection to Being Stepped on
A Wishing Well
How Hard Is It to Keep from Being King When It's in You and in the Situation
Lines Written in Dejection on the Eve of a Great Success
The Milky Way Is a Cowpath
Some Science Fiction
Quandary
A Reflex
In a Glass of Cider
From Iron
Four-Room Shack
But Outer Space
On Being Chosen Poet of Vermont
We Vainly Wrestle
It Takes All Sorts
In Winter in the Woods
Steeple Bush (1947)
Directive
Skeptic
Etherealizing
Why Wait for Science
An Unstamped Letter in Our Rural Letter Box (1944).
An Afterword
Choose Something Like a Star
Dust of snow
The road not taken
References
Frost, Robert
Robert Frost
|
41048370
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Games%20%2774
|
Games '74
|
Games '74 is a 1974 New Zealand–made documentary film of the 1974 British Commonwealth Games, held in Christchurch, New Zealand from 24 January to 2 February 1974. The full title was Games '74: Official Film of the Xth British Commonwealth Games, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1974.
The feature-length documentary in colour and on 35 mm was shot and processed by the New Zealand National Film Unit (NFU). The directors became prominent in New Zealand film-making in the next two decades, and one of the location assistants, one Sam Neill, went on to an international career.
The spectator's-eye camera avoids camera comment. The prime targets are track events, then field events, with “elephantine drama” from the male weightlifters and shots of the marathon which go outside the stadium. There is a surprisingly (for the time) gender-balanced and apolitical narrative which underlines the humanity of the competitors as much as it shows the drama of success and failure” according to Sam Edwards, although “woman’s events receive scant coverage”. Divers are captured in slow motion, and a “series of high jumpers, using similar techniques to cross the bar are edited in collapsed sequence, reminding viewers of salmon exploding up a waterfall”.
The film has been restored and is available on DVD.
References
New Zealand Film 1912-1996 by Helen Martin & Sam Edwards p58 (1997, Oxford University Press, Auckland)
External links
Games '74 at NZ On Screen (full length video)
1974 films
New Zealand documentary films
1974 documentary films
Films set in the 1970s
Films shot in New Zealand
1974 British Commonwealth Games
1970s New Zealand films
1970s English-language films
National Film Unit
|
41048396
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jag%20vill%20vara%20din%2C%20Margareta
|
Jag vill vara din, Margareta
|
"Jag vill vara din, Margareta", is a song written by Jan-Eric Karlzon for a woman named Margareta, who at the time used to live in Karlskoga. With the song, Sten & Stanley scored a 1976 Svensktoppen hit, staying at the chart for 10 weeks (rules back then had a maximum of 10 weeks for a song). The song topped the chart for seven weeks, peaking for first time on 14 August 1976. The song was recorded at the 1976 Sten & Stanley album Bella Bella. Throughout the years, the song has become one of the Sten & Stanley "signature songs".
The song has been performed several times at Dansbandskampen -- Glennartz performed it at Dansbandskampen 2008; Bhonus performed it at Dansbandskampen 2009; and Willez performed it at Dansbandskampen 2010.
Other recordings
In 1979 Nils Dacke recorded the song on the album Nils Dacke spelar partyorgel 2.
A recording by Lars Vegas trio stayed at Svensktoppen for one weeks, at 9th place, on 12 April 1992.
Bröderna Brothers recorded the song in 1990, as B-side for the single "Blommorna och jag" (MNWS 146).
AIK-trubaduren did an own version, called "Hetast när det gäller".
References
1976 songs
Swedish songs
Swedish-language songs
Sten & Stanley songs
|
41048399
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentulia%20gentilii
|
Argentulia gentilii
|
Argentulia gentilii is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Neuquén Province, Argentina.
The length of the forewings is . The ground colour of the forewings is yellow with a brown patch, joining a uniform, brown terminal band. There is a brown streak along the base of the costal margin. The hindwings are uniform grey brown.
Etymology
The species is named in honour of Argentinian lepidopterist Mario Gentili, who collected the holotype.
References
Moths described in 1998
Euliini
Moths of South America
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41048407
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanzi%20%28apple%29
|
Kanzi (apple)
|
The Kanzi is the trademark name of the Nicoter, a modern-bred cultivar of the domesticated apple, which was developed in Belgium by Better3Fruits and Greenstar Kanzi Europe (GKE), from a natural cross between a Gala apple and a Braeburn apple. is Swahili for "hidden treasure".
The Kanzi apple has the same parentage as the Jazz from New Zealand and they are similar in taste and appearance, although the texture of the Jazz is harder. Tasters have voted for the Kanzi in preference to the Jazz. The Kanzi is also firm and fairly crisp, quite juicy, and slightly sharp rather than sweet in taste, with a mild flavour. It is mainly used for fresh consumption.
The Kanzi first reached European markets in 2006 and is also grown in the United States. A limited crop first reached US markets in 2014.
References
External links
Nutritional facts
Apple cultivars
|
41048408
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Crafford
|
Fort Crafford
|
Fort Crafford is a historic archaeological site located at Fort Eustis, Newport News, Virginia. It is a pentagonal-shaped earthwork located on Mulberry Island and built by Confederate forces in 1862. The earthworks on Mulberry Island are considered part of the Warwick Line. The purpose of these works was to prevent the Union from flanking the line on the James River. The fort formed the James River terminus of the second trans-peninsula defensive line, which included fortifications at Lee's Mill, as well as Dam No.1 and Wynne's Mill in Newport News Park.
Mulberry Point Battery, a water battery, guarded the Swash Channel along the James River. This battery was a complement to Fort Huger on the south side of the river. In February 1862 a pentagonal earthwork enclosing approximately eight acres was constructed inland from the Mulberry Point Battery to protect the battery from overland attack and to be a refuge for soldiers if the Minor Farm Line (a short rifle line constructed to defend the rear of the battery) was overrun. The fort was called the "covering work at Mulberry Island," or Mulberry Island Fort; later it became known as Fort Crafford after the owners of the land where it was built. This fort was not intended to be part of the main Warwick Line, but was separated from it by about half a mile so that troops could withdraw from the line into the fort if necessary. Confederate forces withdrew from Mulberry Island in May 1862 to move closer to Richmond, so Fort Crafford never saw combat.
The foundation of the Crafford house located within the earthwork was excavated in the 1970s by amateur archaeologists of the Fort Eustis Historical and Archaeological Association. The brick and oyster-shell mortar foundation of the house remains, surrounded by a protective fence.
In 1998 archaeologists from the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Archaeological Research conducted investigations into a seventeenth-century occupation of the area within the Civil War fortification. Three areas of seventeenth-century domestic activity were identified.
Fort Crafford was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
References
Crafford
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Newport News, Virginia
1862 establishments in Virginia
American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places
|
41048417
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Jaguar
|
Operation Jaguar
|
Operation Jaguar may refer to:
Operation Jaguar (Oman), culminating British operation of the Dhofar Rebellion (October 1971)
Operation Jaguar (Croatia), the Croatian capture of Križ Hill during the Battle of the Miljevci Plateau (17–22 May 1992)
Operation Jaguar (Canadian), contribution of military aviation and search-and-rescue capability in support of the Jamaica Defence Force
Operation Jaguar (United Kingdom), Greater Manchester Police investigation on Cyril Smith
|
41048419
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentulia%20montana
|
Argentulia montana
|
Argentulia montana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Argentina (Neuquén and Chubut provinces) and Chile (Araucanía Region).
The length of the forewings is 6–8 mm for males and 7.5-8.5 mm for females. The forewings are bicolored, yellow orange in the basal half and dark brown in the distal half and brown along the base of the costal margin. The hindwings are uniform brown.
References
Moths described in 1893
Euliini
Moths of South America
|
41048441
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20B.%20Novikoff
|
Alex B. Novikoff
|
Alex Benjamin Novikoff ( ) was a Russian Empire-born American biologist who is recognized for his pioneering works in the discoveries of cell organelles. A victim of American Cold War antagonism to communism that he supported, he is also recognized as a public figure of the mid-20th century at the height of McCarthyism in America. As his original discoveries such as cell organelles and autophagy earned other scientists Nobel Prizes, he is regarded as one of the overlooked scientists to get Nobel Prize.
Novikoff's most important achievements were in developing histochemical techniques that were used for discovering and are being used for studying structures and functions of cells. After he developed cell fractionation method, it became possible to identify and isolate cell organelles. He was the first to describe lysosome using electron microscopy; his collaborator Christian de Duve received Nobel Prize for the discovery. He was also the first to understand the process of cell eating, which he called "cytolysomes," now known as autophagy, another Nobel Prize-winning discovery. He developed the method for making liver cancer cells, later called Novikoff hepatoma, which paved the way for cellular experiments in cancer studies.
Being accused of participation in Communist Party as disloyalty to the nation, Novikoff was dismissed in 1953 from the University of Vermont College of Medicine where he was serving as a tenured professor, upon his refusal to cooperate in disclosing his communist friends. He was even denied twice of his willingness to serve in the US Army during the Second World War. Due to lack of substantial evidence, the case itself was dismissed after twenty years. The incident has become popularly known as the "Novikoff Affair", and is the most notable case of MaCarthyism in Vermont. In 1983, after thirty years of his banishment, the university made an apology by presenting him an honorary degree.
Early life and education
Novikoff was born to Jewish parents in the small town of Semenivka in the Russian Empire. Hoping to overcome severe poverty under the then Soviet Union, his family emigrated to the United States. The family settled in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn, New York. His father earned their living by working as a salesman in a garment factory. Novikoff was a precocious boy, developing an early fascination for biology. His hobbies included skinning and dissecting animal corpses, and he once boiled a dead cat to observe its skeleton. He skipped four grades, and completed high school when he was only fourteen years of age. He graduated with B.S. degree from Columbia University in 1931 at the age of eighteen. Even under financial constraints, the family encouraged him to study medicine. However, antisemitism at the time prevented him from entering medical school. He therefore pursued the only open opportunity by continuing at the same university to study zoology. He joined the graduate school in 1931, and completed his M.A. in 1933.
Career
While still at the graduate school, to support his studies, Novikoff worked as a part-time instructor at the new Brooklyn College. His initial research focused on experimental embryology, and soon his interest shifted to cell biology under the influence of Arthur Pollister. At age twenty-three, in 1936, he published his first technical paper titled "Transplantation of the polar lobe in Sabellaria vulgaris." In 1938 he was awarded his PhD. He was not on good terms with the other teachers and the administration at Brooklyn College, such that his promotion was delayed for a year even after his new degree. He did a post-doc at the University of Wisconsin in 1946–1947. In 1947 he joined the University of Vermont College of Medicine as Professor of Experimental Pathology and Biochemistry. He was expelled from the institute in 1953 on charges of disloyalty to the nation. In 1955 he joined the faculty of pathology at the newly established Albert Einstein College of Medicine, becoming full professor in 1958. He worked there for the rest of his life.
Achievements
During his career at Vermont, Novikoff had successfully developed a technique of cell fractionation. Using this he had separated cell fractions and identified six cell organelles, along with two unidentified fractions. Christian de Duve from Belgium became interested in the unknown fractions. In 1952 de Duve proposed that the fraction contained membrane-bound particle having specific enzymatic activity. Novikoff confirmed the enzyme activity in 1953. The two met at Central Park in New York City to discuss their results. In 1955, now confident that the membranous particles were cell organelles, de Duve gave a hypothetical name "lysosomes" to reflect their digestive properties. That same year, after visiting de Duve's laboratory, using his own histochemical protocol Novikoff successfully produced the first real images (electron micrographs) of the new organelle. In 1965 with de Duve, he confirmed the location of the hydrolytic enzymes of lysosomes. Novikoff further established the importance of lysosomes in diseases. "It is largely due to Novikoff's bold and imaginative use of morphological techniques," de Duve praised him, "that lysosomes have come to be recognized in a broader biological context." de Duve went on to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 for the discovery of lysosomes, but Novikoff's contributions were forgotten.
In 1956 Novikoff described a new class of membrane-bound organelles that he called "dense bodies." was the first to describe the actual lysosomal functions with respect to degradation of mitochondria. However he thought that the digestive activities he observed were due to other intracellular organelles which he called "cytolysomes". It was at the Ciba Foundation Symposium on Lysosomes held in London on 12–14 February 1963, that he explained this phenomenon in which organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria and other cell debris were degraded by autolysis in the cytolysomes. Then the following speaker de Duve correctly identified that these organelles were lysosomes, and named them autophagic vacuoles, and he introduced the term "autophagy" for the process of such intracellular digestion. In 1962 he established for the first time the functional relationship between ER, Golgi and lysosomes. He specifically showed that smooth-surfaced derivatives of the ER fused with the Golgi membranes and the Golgi membranes in turn fused with lysosomes. He was the first to show that this GERL is responsible vesicular transport during synthesis and sorting of proteins. He gave this functional organisation an acronym GERL, for Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum-lysosome. Novikoff's further works became a milestone in understanding the importance of autophagy in diseases such as cancer.
He was the first to establish the type of liver tumour, now known in his honour as "Novikoff hepatoma". In 1961 with Sidney Goldfischer, Novikoff developed a staining method for the Golgi body using the enzyme nucleosidediphosphatase, by which they described the enzymatic property of the organelle for the first time. In 1969 they developed a staining technique (alkaline diaminobenzidine, or DAB) by which they studied the structure of another new organelle, peroxisome, for the first time. In 1969 he gave the first clear-cut distinction between lysosomes and peroxisomes. In 1972, he and his wife discovered a new type of peroxisomes from the intestinal epithelium of rat, which they named "microperoxisome".
His works in cell biology are best summed up in a textbook he wrote with his student Eric Holtzman, Cells and Organelles, first published in 1970.
The Novikoff Affair
In 1935, Novikoff joined the Communist Party while he was working for PhD. He was most inspired by the scientific attitude of Marxism towards the well-being of society, beside other idealistic issues. He helped writing and disseminating party newsletters in the Brooklyn campus, which was a centre of communist activity in the area. He became actively involved in the teachers' union and particularly fought against stratification of junior and senior faculty in the college. This caused serious antagonism with other teachers and the administration. In 1940 under a new college president, Novikoff was investigated for affiliation to the Communist Party. However, no further action was taken against him.
During the Second World War he voluntarily applied to serve in the US military on a medical commission. His applications were declined twice, in 1943 and in 1944. The objections were based on the allegations in the previous documents that his "loyalty" to the nation was doubtful. Ironically, he was employed by the US Army after the war, in 1948, to analyse two films about enzyme and carbohydrate metabolism. Even then doubt about his loyalty resurfaced and his appointment was terminated soon after he completed the major work.
In 1953 while he was a permanent faculty at the University of Vermont College of Medicine, at the time McCarthyism was at its height, anti-communist activists once again targeted him for his 1930s involvement in the Communist Party. But this time the case was taken to the federal level. On 23 April 1953, he refused to testify before the Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security at Washington, D.C., on anything about his past political life, especially on identification of his communist colleagues at Brooklyn College. His denial was taken as "positive evidence that he was the leader of communist-dominated union." Although he invoked the Fifth Amendment of the US Constitution, the Vermont administration made sure that the institute dismiss him. The then Vermont Governor Lee E. Emerson persuaded the university President Carl Borgmann to convene a six-person committee consisting of faculty and board of trustees, to assure that the "faculty is 100 percent pro-American and anti-communist". Even though the committee, chaired by Robert Joyce, voted 5 to 1 for Novikoff to remain in his profession, Emerson convinced the board of trustees to override the committee's decision.
The trustees therefore suspended Novikoff on 16 July initially for a month, with the "walk or talk" ultimatum that if Novikoff would not return to Washington to reveal names before the Senate Committee, he would be dismissed from the university. Members of the university's chapter of the American Association of University Professors could convince Borgmann in August 1953 that it was against the university bylaws to suspend Novikoff before any public hearing. Then a final hearing was convened that consisted of 23-member board of review, which included the governor, members of the board of trustees, and several faculty members. The board meeting on 29 August voted 14 to 8 to recommend the dismissal of Novikoff. A week later, on 5 September, the fifteen-member board of trustees confirmed his firing from the university, with a single dissenting vote from Robert Joyce. His case was kept open for twenty years, and having found no substantiated evidence, the FBI closed his file in 1974, which by then contained 822 pages. Vermont University then conferred him an honorary doctorate of science as a way of apology in 1983, after thirty years of his dismissal, with 8,000 audience giving standing ovation, and the university saluted his "integrity and courage."
Awards and honours
E.B.Wilson Award from the American Society for Cell Biology in 1982.
Elected to the US National Academy of Sciences in 1974.
A lifetime career grant of $25,000 annually for twenty-five years from the National Cancer Institute in 1962.
Distinguished Service Award from Columbia University in 1960.
Elected President of The Histochemical Society for the term 1958 to 1959.
Elected President of the American Society for Cell Biology for the term 1962 to 1963.
Death
Novikoff died on Friday, 28 January 1987, at the hospital of Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He is survived by his wife Dr Phyllis, two sons, two sisters (Lillian and Sonia), and two grandchildren.
References
Further reading
David R. Holmes (1989). Stalking the Academic Communist: Intellectual Freedom and the Firing of Alex Novikoff. University of Vermont.
Robert Vincent Daniels (1991). The University of Vermont: the first two hundred years. University of Vermont.
John J. Duffy, Samuel B. Hand, Ralph H. Orth (2003). The Vermont Encyclopedia. UPNE.
External links
1940 United States Federal Census: Census & Voter List
Academic Tree
The Histochemical Society past presidents
1913 births
1987 deaths
Columbia University School of General Studies alumni
Cell biologists
Jewish scientists
American biologists
Brooklyn College faculty
20th-century biologists
Soviet emigrants to the United States
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
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41048445
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-construct%20archaeology
|
Pre-construct archaeology
|
Pre-Construct Archaeology Limited is a company specialising in providing appropriate solutions to heritage problems.
History
Pre-Construct Archaeology (PCA) was formed in 1993 as a partnership and was located in Lincoln, but also operated in Greater London. The partners were Gary Brown, Brian Simmons and Colin Palmer Brown. Gary Brown, who was based in London, left the partnership in 1995 and retained the name which he conceived, operating from this date as a sole trader. In 1996 Peter Moore and Dr Frank Meddens joined the organisation as Project Managers, followed a year later by Josephine Brown.
In March 1998 the legal status changed again with the organisation becoming a Limited Company the Directors of which are Gary Brown, Peter Moore, Dr Frank Meddens, and Josephine Brown.
In 1997 the organisation opened a second office in Durham managed by Robin Taylor-Wilson, who was later made a non-share holding Director. Further offices have been opened in Cambridge (PCA Central), Winchester (PCA West), both 2011 and Market Harborough (PCA Midlands) 2012. The company has expanded further and as of 2017 it operates from the seven offices: London, Cambridge, Norwich, Durham, Newark, Warwick and Winchester.
At the 2004 British Archaeological Awards, Pre-Construct were highly commended in the 'Developer Funded Archaeology' category for two excavations of Roman sites in London. An Immense and Exceedingly Commodious Goods Station (published by PCA and written by Rebecca Haslam and Guy Thompson) won the 'Archaeological Report Award' at the 2017 Association for Industrial Archaeology Awards, the 2018 London Archaeologist Publication Prize, and was one of the 2019 Railway and Canal Historical Society Transport History Book of the Year Awards.
Key projects
Some of the following have been key notable projects Pre-Construct Archaeology has been involved with.
M74 Project
Olympic Park Project
Thameslink Project
Drapers
Tabard Square
References
External links
Pre-Construct Website
Archaeological organizations
Archaeology of the United Kingdom
Cultural heritage consultants
Companies of England
Companies established in 1993
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