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41074615
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel%20Adams
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Joel Adams
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Joel Adams (February 4, 1750 – July 9, 1830) was an American planter and soldier from Richland County, South Carolina. Adams served as an officer in the South Carolina militia during the American Revolution and also served in the Continental Army. Adams married Grace Weston, daughter of William Weston, and they had seven children.
Adams was instrumental in the successful agricultural development of central part of South Carolina in the 18th century, and was influential in the political structure of the state being centered in Columbia, South Carolina at the time. He was a strong proponent of education, and of military and political service to state and to country, and served in the South Carolina House of Representatives.
Two of his sons, Joel Adams II (1784–1859) and William Weston Adams (1786–1831), graduated from Yale University and served in the South Carolina House of Representatives. His grandson, James Hopkins Adams, graduated from Yale University, and was the 66th Governor of South Carolina from 1854 to 1857. His grandson, James Uriah Adams (1812–1871), was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, and a graduate of Yale University. Joel's grandson James Pickett Adams (1828–1904) was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, and was Major in the Confederate States Army.
His grandson Robert Adams II was a captain in the Confederate Army, and his life was depicted in the film The Last Confederate: The Story of Robert Adams.
Joel's great grandson Warren Adams (1838–1884) was a lieutenant colonel in the Confederate Army and was in command of the First South Carolina Infantry Regiment at Battery Wagner. Warren graduated from The Citadel in 1859, where he was the Commandant of the Corps of Cadets.
His great grandson Henry Walker Adams (1852-1903), son of James Uriah Adams, served in The South Carolina House of Representatives.
The South Carolina author and physician Dr. Edward Clarkson Leverett Adams (1876–1946) was the double great-great grandson of Joel, and was a member of The South Carolina House of Representatives.
E.C.L. Adams was the great grandson of Joel Adams II and James Adams, two of Joel's sons. He was the author of a number of books including Tales of the Congaree. African American author, and Harlem Renaissance leader, Langston Hughes visited E.C.L. Adams at his home in South Carolina and said of Adams that he "was exactly my idea of what a true Southern gentleman should be."
His descendant Weston Adams served in the South Carolina House of Representatives, and was also a United States Ambassador.
Joel Adams is buried at St. John's Congaree Episcopal Church in Congaree, South Carolina.
References
External links
http://politicalgraveyard.com/families/14840.html
Continental Army soldiers
People from Richland County, South Carolina
1750 births
1830 deaths
South Carolina colonial people
South Carolina militiamen in the American Revolution
Burials in South Carolina
American planters
American slave owners
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41074618
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabar%20Kalayeh
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Tabar Kalayeh
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Tabar Kalayeh (, also Romanized as Tabar Kalāyeh; also known as Tabar Kalā-ye Gelrūdbār and Tabar Kalā-ye Kalrūdbār) is a village in Baz Kia Gurab Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 209, in 69 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
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41074619
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tustan%2C%20Baz%20Kia%20Gurab
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Tustan, Baz Kia Gurab
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Tustan (, also Romanized as Tūstān and Toostan) is a village in Baz Kia Gurab Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,013, in 296 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
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41074621
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bala%20Mahalleh-ye%20Lafmejan
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Bala Mahalleh-ye Lafmejan
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Bala Mahalleh-ye Lafmejan (, also Romanized as Bālā Maḩalleh-ye Lafmejān; also known as Lafmajān, Lafmejān, Lafmudzhan, and Lafmujān) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 198, in 68 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
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41074624
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bala%20Shad%20Deh
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Bala Shad Deh
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Bala Shad Deh (, also Romanized as Bālā Shād Deh; also known as Bālā Shādeh and Shādeh) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 291, in 93 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
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41074625
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazar%20Deh
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Bazar Deh
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Bazar Deh (, also Romanized as Bāzār Deh) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 83, in 31 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
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41074626
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bala%20Mahalleh-ye%20Pashaki
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Bala Mahalleh-ye Pashaki
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Bala Mahalleh-ye Pashaki (, also Romanized as Bālā Maḩalleh-ye Pāshākī; also known as Pashakh, Pāshākī, Pāshākī Bālā Maḩalleh, and Pāshkī) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District of the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan province, Iran.
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 1,494 in 509 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,278 people in 488 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 1,154 people in 461 households. It was the largest village in its rural district.
References
Lahijan County
Populated places in Gilan Province
Populated places in Lahijan County
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41074631
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan%20Ahmad%20of%20Brunei
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Sultan Ahmad of Brunei
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Ahmad (Jawi: أحمد; born Awang Pateh Berbai; died 1425), also known as Pateh Berbai, was the third Sultan of Brunei. He was the eldest son of Dewa Amas of Kayangan and the brother of the first sultan, Muhammad Shah of Brunei. It was under Sultan Ahmad that the kingdom adopted the name Brunei. Islamic education is thought to have begun in the country during the rule of his predecessor and continued under him.
Reign
Succession
Prior to his reign, he was called Awang Pateh Berbai or Pateh Berbai in short. He became the first Pengiran Bendahara (Vizier) in Brunei, and to be given the title Pengiran Bendahara. Pateh Berbai ascended the throne following the death of his nephew, Sultan Abdul Majid Hassan in 1408. However the Sisilah Sultan-Sultan Brunei mentioned his predecessor as his father-in-law, Sultan Muhammad Shah. Adding to the confusion, another source (Batu Bersilah) claimed that Sultan Ahmad was the brother of the mentioned Sultan. Moreover, Brunei historians have created a genealogy outlining the history of the Brunei royal family, beginning with the first Sultan, who was the country's first Muslim king. But in doing so, they controversially changed Sultan Ahmad's place in the lineage.
Relations with China
Under the leadership of the Muslim eunuch Zheng He, Ming China displayed its maritime might during the first three decades of the fifteenth century by sending ships through the South China Sea, the Strait of Malacca, the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf, and all the way to the eastern shores of Africa. Although it is unknown if the fleet ever visited Brunei, the politically adept Sultan Ahmad went on a tribute mission to the Ming court. In 1408, he presented his loyalty to Emperor Yongle by giving a tribute in person, making him the first southern ruler to do such acts. The act would be well received by the Emperor.
Death
Sultan Ahmad died in 1425, thus he was succeeded by his son-in-law, Sultan Sharif Ali.
Personal life
Sultan Ahmad married the younger sister of Ong Sum Ping, also known as Pengiran Maharaja Lela. Together they had two daughters;including Puteri Ratna Kesemua, whom would later be the consort to Sultan Sharif Ali.
References
15th-century Sultans of Brunei
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41074633
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosio%20O%27Higgins%2C%201st%20Marquess%20of%20Osorno
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Ambrosio O'Higgins, 1st Marquess of Osorno
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Ambrosio Bernardo O'Higgins y O'Higgins, 1st Marquess of Osorno (c. 1720 – 19 March 1801) born Ambrose Bernard O'Higgins (Ambrós Bearnárd Ó hUiginn, in Irish), was an Irish-Spanish colonial administrator and a member of the O'Higgins family.
He served the Spanish Empire as captain general (i.e., military governor) of Chile (1788–1796) and viceroy of Peru (1796–1801). He was the father of Chilean independence leader Bernardo O'Higgins
Early life
A member of the O'Higgins family, Ambrose was born at his family's ancestral seat in Ballynary, County Sligo, Ireland. He was the son of Charles O'Higgins and his wife (and kinswoman) Margaret O'Higgins, were forced both off their lands in 1654 by Oliver Cromwell and became tenant farmers at Clondoogan near Summerhill, County Meath ca. 1721. Along with other members of his family Ambrose worked in the service of the Rowley-Langford family of Summerhill House.
In 1751, O'Higgins arrived at Cádiz, where he dedicated himself to commerce as an employee of the Butler Trading House. As an Irishman and a Catholic, he was able to emigrate legally to Spanish America in 1756. Once there, and for some time, he was an itinerant trader in Venezuela, New Granada, and Peru, but, being investigated by the Inquisition, he moved to La Plata Colony, in present-day Argentina, where he tried some commercial ventures. From there, O'Higgins proposed to open easy communication between Chile and Mendoza by a way over the Andes, and, his proposition being accepted, he was employed to supervise the project.
In Chile
About 1760, O'Higgins enrolled in the Spanish Imperial Service as draughtsman and then engineer. He was directly responsible for the establishment of a reliable postal service between La Plata colony and the General Captaincy of Chile. On his first harrowing journey over the Andes mountains separating Argentina and Chile during the winter of 1763–64, O'Higgins conceived the idea of a chain of weatherproof shelters. By 1766, thanks to O'Higgins' efficient execution of this plan, Chile enjoyed all-year overland postal service with Argentina, which had previously been cut off for several months each winter.
In 1764, John Garland, another Irish engineer at the service of Spain who was military governor of Valdivia, convinced him to move to the neighbouring, and less established, colony of Chile as his assistant. He was initially commissioned as a junior subaltern in the Spanish army.
Following the designs of O'Higgins the mountain huts known as Casuchas del Rey were built in the 1760s to secure communications across the Andes.
In 1770 the Governor of Chile appointed him, now in his late forties, captain of a column of cavalry to resist the attacks of the Araucanian Indians, whom he defeated, recovered big swathes of territory that had been lost by the Spaniards and founding the fort of San Carlos in the south of the province of Arauco. He proved a generous victor, gaining the good-will of the Indians by his humanity and benevolence.
He rose quickly in the ranks. On 7 September 1777, the viceroy Manuel de Amat promoted him to colonel. He soon rose to be brigadier, and in 1786 the viceroy Teodoro de Croix appointed him Intendant of Concepción. In 1788, in return for his efforts in South America, King Charles III of Spain created O'Higgins 1st Barón de Ballinar (a title in the peerage of Spain, and not to be confused with the family's existing Gaelic title), and promoted him to major-general. Soon afterward he became Captain General and Governor of Chile.
As Governor of Chile
As governor of Chile, one of the most troublesome, poor, and remote of Spanish outposts, O'Higgins was extremely active, promoting the construction of a definitive road between the capital Santiago and the port of Valparaíso (part of the layout of which is still in use today), continued the building of the Palacio de la Moneda in Santiago, improved roads, and erected permanent dikes along the banks of the Mapocho river which regularly flooded Santiago. He founded cities including San Ambrosio de Ballenary, now Vallenar (1789); Villa de San Francisco de Borja de Combarbalá, now Combarbalá (1789); Villa San Rafael de Rozas, now Illapel (1789); Santa Rosa de los Andes, now Los Andes (1791); San José de Maipo (1792); Nueva Bilbao, now Constitución (1794); Villa de San Ambrosio de Linares, now Linares (1794), and Villa Reina Luisa del Parral, now Parral (1795).
He focused on developing the resources of the country, with an enlightened policy that accomplished much for Spanish interest, but also paved the way for later events in the country's history. He improved communications and trade with other Spanish colonies, based on a growing agricultural base. He abolished the encomienda system whereby natives were forced to work the land for the crown, an act reinforced by royal decree in 1791. He was made lieutenant-general in 1794.
O'Higgins was an early proponent of rice and sugar cane cultivation in Chile during his rule between 1788 and 1796. Rice cultivation in Chile did however only began more than a century after his rule around 1920.
Malaspina Expedition
In February 1787, the frigate Astrea under the command of Alessandro Malaspina called at Talcahuano, the port of Concepcion, in the course of a commercial circumnavigation of the world on behalf of the Royal Philippines Company. O'Higgins was military governor there at the time, and six months before had recommended that Spain organize an expedition to the Pacific similar to those led by Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse and James Cook. O'Higgins had made this recommendation following the visit of the Lapérouse expedition to Concepcion in March 1786, and he presumably discussed it with Malaspina while the Astrea was at Concepcion. Following the Astrea's return to Spain, Malaspina produced, in partnership with José de Bustamante, a proposal for an expedition along the lines set out in O'Higgins' memorandum.
A short time later, on 14 October 1788, Malaspina was informed of the government's acceptance of his plan. José de Espinoza y Tello, one of the officers of the Malaspina expedition, subsequently confirmed the importance of the information sent by O'Higgins in stimulating the Government to initiate an extensive program of exploration in the Pacific. The prompt acceptance of O'Higgins's and Malaspina's proposal was also stimulated by news from St. Petersburg of preparations for a Russian expedition (the Mulovsky expedition) to the North Pacific under the command of Grigori I. Mulovsky that had as one of its objectives the claiming of territory on the northwest coast of America around Nootka Sound that was also claimed at the time by Spain.
Huilliche uprising of 1792
In 1784 the Governor of Chiloé, Francisco Hurtado del Pino, and Ambrosio O'Higgins had been ordered to open a route over Huilliche territory between Maullín and Valdivia. This caused alarm among the Huilliche of the plains of Osorno, who decided to ally with the Huilliche Aillarehues of the Bueno River valley and those around Lake Ranco to the north, and to request intervention by the Governor of Valdivia, Mariano Pusterla. The latter had good relations with the Huilliches of Río Bueno and Ranco because of his support for peaceful contact coupled with a religious mission, and refused to establish any new fort in the territory. On the other hand, the Governor of Chiloé, Francisco Hurtado, supported a hard line against the Huilliches and threatened them with military invasion.
In February 1789 the Treaty of Río Bueno was signed between Huilliche chiefs and colonial authorities. This treaty averted invasion from Chiloé, and gave the Huilliches of Osorno support from the Valdivia authorities against raids by the Aillarehue of Quilacahuín. At that point the Huilliches offered to facilitate the new Camino Real and to allow Spaniards to reoccupy Osorno, a city that had been abandoned in 1602. In 1792 O'Higgins rebuilt Osorno, and as a reward was created 1st Marquess of Osorno by King Charles IV in 1796.
The treaty also allowed Spaniards to settle and form haciendas north of the Bueno River. However, abuses in this settlement and a fast advance of new haciendas made several chiefs change their minds. The caciques Tangol from Río Bueno, Queipul and Catrihuala decided to form an alliance. The Huilliche Rebellion of 1792 ensued, beginning with the pillaging of haciendas and missions, and with the ultimate aim of attacking Valdivia, which despite being well defended from the north and west, seemed vulnerable to a land attack from the southeast.
Despite the limited extent of this rebellion, which never became a real threat to Valdivia, the Spanish authorities responded to it with rigour. Governor O'Higgins chose Captain Tomás de Figueroa to lead the reprisal. Figueroa set fire to Indian houses and croplands near his marching route, and arrested a large number of male Huilliches as suspected rebels. After that, the Spaniards considered it appropriate to enter into a new treaty with the Huilliche leaders, and a conference with this object was held in Las Canoas, in Osorno, in 1793. While in the treaty of Río Bueno the Spanish had been allowed to form haciendas only north of the Bueno River, establishing that watercourse as a de facto frontier, the Spaniards now acquired the right to set up haciendas south of it.
Parliaments of 1793
The same year, 1793, a new parliament was held in Negrete on the northern frontier with the aim of ratifying and renewing the older Treaty of Lonquilmo from 1783. Copying older treaties, the King of Spain was confirmed as the sovereign of the Araucanía, while the possession of the land was reserved for the Mapuches, which resulted in a de jure sovereignty of the King of Spain but in a de facto independence of the Mapuche-controlled lands. The treaty celebrations were held from 4 March to 7 March, with many banquets of wine and meat being held for the numerous participants. The whole treaty cost 10.897 pesos, which was, according to Diego Barros Arana, an enormous amount of money, considering the size of Chile's treasury.
As Viceroy of Peru
In 1796, O'Higgins was appointed Viceroy of Peru, comprising present-day Peru and Chile. As Peru was the second richest colony after New Spain (Mexico) in the Spanish empire, the Viceroyship was one of the most prominent posts in all of Spanish America.
When war was declared between Britain and Spain in 1797, O'Higgins took active measures for the defense of the coast, strengthening the fortifications of Callao and constructing a fort in Pisco. He projected and constructed a new carriage-road from Lima to Callao, and his principal attention during his short administration was directed to the improvement of means of communication.
He died suddenly after a short illness in 1801, and was interred in the Iglesia de San Pablo, now the Jesuit-run Iglesia de San Pedro, Lima.
Genealogy
Archives in Spain and Ireland show that Ambrose O'Higgins was the son of Charles O'Higgins, of Ballynary, County Sligo (son of Roger O'Higgins, of Ballynary, County Sligo, and wife Margaret Brehan), and wife and cousin Margaret O'Higgins (daughter of William O'Higgins and wife Winnifred O'Fallon). Charles O'Higgins' grandfather, Sean Duff O'Higgins, held the Gaelic territorial title of Tiarna or Lord of Ballinary, and he was married to an O'Conor, daughter of the Royal House of O'Conor of Ballintober Castle, which ruled Ireland until the year 1000.
The O'Higgins family were a sept of the O'Neill dynasty who migrated to Sligo in the 12th century. As Gaelic nobles they had owned great expanses of land particularly in the Irish counties of Sligo and Westmeath, but with the expropriations of Catholics by Oliver Cromwell, and the deportation of tenants to County Sligo after the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland ca. 1654, the O'Higgins' lands became smaller and smaller.
Due to this encroachment into their land, the O'Higgins family migrated to Summerhill in County Meath, where they became lowly tenant farmers and worked in the service of the Rowley-Langford family. Their descendants remain in Summerhill however; Bridget O'Higgins who died in 1947 was the last in Summerhill to carry the family name as others had emigrated to the US and migrated to Dublin. The O'Higgins graves are located in The Moy and Agher cemeteries, both within the boundaries of the Roman Catholic parish of Dangan in Summerhill.
Descendants
In 1777, Ambrosio O'Higgins became acquainted with the powerful Riquelme family from Chillán, and fell in love with the daughter, Isabel Riquelme, almost forty years his junior (she was 18 or 19 at the time, while he was 57 years old). He promised marriage, but colonial law forbade marriage between public officials and criolla women without authorization of the crown. To disregard this law was to risk career and position. It is not known why he did not seek permission, but no marriage ensued even when Isabel became pregnant.
Isabel gave birth to Ambrosio's only son, Bernardo, in August 1778. Bernardo O'Higgins would later lead Chile to its independence from the Spanish Empire. Two years later, Isabel married Félix Rodríguez with whom she had a daughter, Rosa Rodríguez Riquelme. Though Ambrosio O'Higgins never saw or officially recognised his son as his legal heir, he paid for his education in England and left him a portion of his possessions in Peru and Chile.
Bernardo O'Higgins led Chile as Supreme Director from 1818 to 1823 when he was forced to resign and go into exile with his mother, sister and son Demetrio O'Higgins in Peru. Demetrio, who visited his relatives in Summerhill in 1862, had no sons and consequently all his descendants are in the female line.
Legacy
There are various towns, bays, and other Spanish discoveries in the Americas which were named after his birthplace during his time as Viceroy, such as Vallenar (originally named San Ambrosio de Ballenary, later Hispanicized to Vallenar) in Chile and Vallenar Bay in Alaska.
See also
Juan Albano Pereira Márquez
Lebian
Notes
Sources
Clissold, Stephen. "The O'Higgins of Chile" History Today (June 1957) 7#6 pp396-403; father and son.
Barbier, Jacques A. "Tradition and Reform in Bourbon Chile: Ambrosio O'Higgins and Public Finances." The Americas 34.3 (1978): 381-399.
External links
1720 births
1801 deaths
18th-century Irish people
19th-century Irish people
Viceroys of Peru
Royal Governors of Chile
Irish emigrants to Chile
Irish emigrants to Spain
Irish military engineers
Spanish people of Irish descent
Marquesses of Spain
Spanish generals
Military personnel from County Sligo
Irish soldiers in the Spanish Army
18th-century military personnel
Engineers from County Sligo
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41074635
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puffin%20Foundation
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Puffin Foundation
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The Puffin Foundation, established in 1983, is a non-profit organization that aims to amplify the voices of minorities who may be underrepresented due to their race, gender, social philosophy, etc. The foundation achieves this mission of fostering free expression by providing grants and resources to local artists and art organizations.
Ultimately, the goal of the Puffin Foundation is to provide people with an understanding that every single person can go out and make change happen.
History
The Puffin Foundation, with more than $14 million in assets split between two independent entities, was seeded with the fortune Perry Rosenstein made in the Allen screw business.
The Puffin Foundation Ltd. received its Certificate of Incorporation of The Foundation as defined in sub-paragraph (a)(5) of Section 402 of the Not-For-Profit Corporation Law and shall be a Type B corporation under Section 201 On January 17, 1983, by the State of New York Department of State. It then received its 501(c)(3) as is a private not-for-profit. Dorothea Violet Rosenstein, née Cohn, was president and funder Perry Rosenstein's wife who volunteeed to work with the National Audubon's Dr. Stephen Kress to bring 10- to 14-day-old pufflings from Great Island, Newfoundland to Eastern Egg Rock off the coast of Maine. When these young Puffins were ready to fledge, they were banded with the hope they would return in 2–3 years and start a new colony on this island. The project was successful. The Puffin Foundation Ltd.'s name was chosen in 1983 in honor and memory of Dorothea Rosenstein.
Through his Teaneck, New Jersey-based foundation, Rosenstein states his mission as to fund "as many different areas of expression as possible." Largely, he funds progressive or liberal work. The Bronx-native says that he attended his first protest as a boy atop his father's shoulders.
"I happen to be one of many people that believes in our country and our democracy," said Rosenstein. "I feel that if democracy is threatened, we are all threatened."
Operations
The foundation has two grant cycles per year. The first cycle, which occurs between the months of January and June, typically allocates grant of $1000 to $2500 to individual artists and arts organizations. The second cycle funds media and awards grants to publications that do investigative reporting on issues like labor, the environment, LGBTQ concerns, feminism and women's issues.
Over the years, the foundation has continued to broaden its scope. In 1997, the foundation began a project known as the Puffin Cultural Forum, which funds and hosts performances as well as art exhibits at 20 Puffin Way in Teaneck, NJ. For instance, the Puffin Foundation collaborates with The Nation Institute, on an annual human rights award, the Puffin/Nation Prize for Creative Citizenship, which is given to someone who has done distinctive and courageous social justice work. Thus far, the foundation has awarded this honor to Dolores Huerta of the United Farm Workers, Robert Moses of the Algebra Project, the founders of the Innocence Project, and Cecile Richards of Planned Parenthood. The foundation has also partnered with the organization VoteRiders to spread state-specific information on voter ID requirements.
The Teaneck International Film Festival is a project of the foundation.
The Puffin
The Puffin, a species whose nesting sites were endangered by encroaching civilization, were encouraged to return to their native habitats through the constructive efforts of a concerned citizenry. The Foundation has adopted the name Puffin as a metaphor for how it perceives its mission, which is to ensure that the arts continue to grow and enrich our lives. In so doing it has joined with other concerned groups and individuals toward achieving that goal.
References
External links
Arts awards in the United States
Arts foundations based in the United States
Arts organizations based in New Jersey
Teaneck, New Jersey
Music organizations based in the United States
Theatrical organizations in the United States
Human rights organizations based in the United States
Social justice organizations
Non-profit organizations based in the United States
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41074636
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving%20On%20%28Sarah%20Dawn%20Finer%20song%29
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Moving On (Sarah Dawn Finer song)
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"Moving On" is a song written by Fredrik Kempe and Sarah Dawn Finer, and performed by Sarah Dawn Finer at Melodifestivalen 2009, where it ended up 6th.
The song participated in the 4th semifinal in Malmö on 28 February 2009, dueling against Malena Ernman's song "La Voix" that reached the final. Sarah Dawn Finer's song reached "Andra chansen" in Norrköping on 7 March 2009. The song also became the choice of the international jury. At Andra chansen the song dueled against Scotts' "Jag tror på oss" and Lili & Susie's "Show Me Heaven", but managed to reach the finals together with Caroline af Ugglas's song "Snälla, snälla".
The song also charted at Svensktoppen, entering on 19 April 2009 where it stayed for 22 weeks. before leaving the chart in late September 2009.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2007 singles
Melodifestivalen songs of 2009
Sarah Dawn Finer songs
Songs written by Fredrik Kempe
English-language Swedish songs
2007 songs
Songs written by Sarah Dawn Finer
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41074695
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20E.%20Sheedy
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Charles E. Sheedy
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Charles E. Sheedy, C.S.C. (July 1, 1912 – April 17, 1990) was an American priest and theologian of the Congregation of Holy Cross and an administrator at the University of Notre Dame.
Youth and training
Fr. Sheedy was born on July 1, 1912, to Patrick and Estelle (Brennan) Sheedy in Pittsburgh, PA. The fifth of six children, his birth was preceded by siblings Morgan, Donald, John, and Leo, and followed by Herman. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Notre Dame in 1933, a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Pittsburgh in 1936, and a Licentiate of Sacred Theology in 1945 and a Doctor of Sacred Theology from the Catholic University of America in 1946.
Professor and Administrator at Notre Dame
Father Sheedy entered the faculty of Notre Dame in 1945. Fr. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C. appointed Fr. Sheedy dean of the University of Notre Dame's College of Arts and Letters in 1951, a post he held until 1969. He was a professor in the Department of Theology (1942–52 and 1968–79) and at one time also served as department chair. Stanley Hauerwas reported that another priest described Father Sheedy's administration as "that bit of humanity thrown into the wheels of bureaucracy to bring them to a stop."
As a Christian ethicist, Father Sheedy condemned the use of nuclear weapons, even in the case of defense, in 1957. An advocate for the abolition of the death penalty, Father Sheedy delivered testimony before the Massachusetts legislature to that end in 1964.
Honors
In 1991, Father Hesburgh commissioned Jerry McKenna to create a sculpture of Father Sheedy that now stands in the Great Hall of O'Shaughnessy Hall on campus.
Since 1970, Notre Dame's College of Arts and Letters annually honors an outstanding faculty member who excels in research and instruction with the Sheedy Excellence in Teaching Award.
Selected works
For God and Country jointly authored with Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh, C.S.C. Washington, D.C.: United Service Organizations
The Christian Virtues: A Book on Moral Theology for College Students and Lay Readers Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1949
Eucharistic Controversy of the Eleventh Century Against the Background of Pre-Scholastic Theology Abrahams Magazine Service Press Inc., 1947
References
External links
Fr. Sheedy: A Priest for All People by Fr. Nicholas Ayo, C.S.C.
Loyal Sons and Daughters: A Notre Dame Memoir by Jean Lenz, pages 53–54.
Hannah's Child: A Theologian's Memoir by Stanley Hauerwas, pages 96–97.
1912 births
1990 deaths
University of Notre Dame faculty
Congregation of Holy Cross
Writers from Indiana
20th-century American Roman Catholic priests
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41074707
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhuca%20kingiana
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Madhuca kingiana
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Madhuca kingiana is a tree in the family Sapotaceae. It is named for the botanist George King.
Description
Madhuca kingiana grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is greyish brown. Inflorescences bear up to six flowers.
Distribution and habitat
Madhuca kingiana is native to Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Its habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp forest to altitude.
Conservation
Madhuca kingiana has been assessed as near threatened on the IUCN Red List. The species is threatened by logging and conversion of land for palm oil plantations.
References
kingiana
Trees of Sumatra
Trees of Peninsular Malaysia
Trees of Borneo
Plants described in 1906
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41074727
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh%20Gurling
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Hugh Gurling
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Hugh Malcolm Douglas Gurling (6 May 1950 – 2 November 2013) was an English medical geneticist who specialised in the role of genetics and mental health. He led a molecular psychiatry laboratory at University College, London.
Gurling was born in London on 6 May 1950, and brought up in Derbyshire. His father, Kenneth Gurling, was a physician and inaugural dean of the University of Nottingham. His mother, Nonie Sempill, was a nurse.
In 1987, he married Meryl Dahlitz, an academic neuropsychiatrist. In 1994 they had their first daughter Holly, and then twins Laurel and Alisdair in 1998.
Death
Gurling died of a heart attack on 2 November 2013.
References
1950 births
2013 deaths
British geneticists
Academics of University College London
Alumni of King's College London
People educated at Sutton Valence School
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41074752
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McIntosh%20Group
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McIntosh Group
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McIntosh Group (formerly Fine Sounds Group) is an American holding company specializing in audio equipment and owns the brands McIntosh Laboratory, Sonus Faber, Fine Sounds Americas, Sumiko Phono Cartridges, Fine Sounds BeneLux, and Fine Sounds U.K. They also have a Sonus Faber partnership with Maserati and a McIntosh audio partnership with Jeep.
History
The Fine Sounds Group project took shape in 2007, when the asset management company Quadrivio SGR – main shareholder of the group – acquired the brand Sonus Faber, an Italian company specializing in high-end loudspeakers. In 2009 Mauro Grange joined the group as CEO of Sonus Faber.
The "buy and build" strategy carried on by Quadrivio resulted in the acquisition of Audio Research in 2008, Sumiko in 2010, Wadia in 2011 and McIntosh Laboratories in 2012, which constitute the holdings of Fine Sounds Group.
Through the acquisition of these brands, Fine Sounds Group became a relevant holding company in the sector of high-end audio, with €50 million sales in 2011.
The holding company took part in an official event as one unique family for the first time in 2013, with the participation in the Munich High End Show.
On 9 May 2014 Mauro Grange and Charlie Randall, president of McIntosh Laboratory, Inc., announced their plans for a management buyout of Fine Sounds Group in partnership with LBO France and Yarpa, including a relocation of the Headquarters from Milan to New York.
On 10 August 2016 Fine Sounds Group was officially renamed McIntosh Group.
Effective 31 December 2016, Mauro Grange stepped down as Co-CEO of McIntosh Group. Charlie Randall stepped-in as the CEO of McIntosh Group.
In July 2017 McIntosh Group appointed Jeff Poggi to co-Chief Executive Officer and Board member.
In September 2020 Audio Research left the McIntosh Group when Audio Research was sold to its former North American Sales Manager, Trent Suggs.
In June of 2022, McIntosh group was acquired by Dallas based equity firm, Highlander Partners, as part of their investment portfolio.
Brands
McIntosh Laboratory, founded in 1949. The American producer of high fidelity and home entertainment systems.
Sonus Faber, founded in 1983, has been producing acoustic speakers for nearly 40 years.
Wadia Digital, one of the first companies dedicated to digital audio reproduction. Also Apple iPod and iPhone docking stations.
Sumiko, North American importer and distributor of audio components and specifically of all the brands of the Fine Sounds portfolio.
Pryma, Brand name of Sonus Faber headphones made in Italy
Fine Sounds Americas, importer and distributor of Audio Research and Sonus faber for the Asian market.
Fine Sounds U.K., importer and distributor of McIntosh, Sonus faber, and Bassocontinuo for the U.K. market.
References
Audio equipment manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in New York (state)
Electronics companies established in 2007
2007 establishments in Italy
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41074804
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GURPS%20Espionage
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GURPS Espionage
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GURPS Espionage is a sourcebook published by Steve Jackson Games (SJG) in 1992 for the third edition of GURPS (Generic Universal Role-Playing System).
Contents
This book is designed to help a gamemaster design a GURPS campaign using an espionage theme set anytime in the Second World War, the Cold War, or after the fall of the Soviet Union. It describes various aspects of espionage such as spycraft, high-tech equipment, typical missions, and various intelligence organizations. Several suggestions for campaign settings are provided. Players can also use the book to design spy characters.
Publication history
GURPS Espionage is a 128-page softcover book written by Thomas Kane, with additional material by Michael Hurst. Interior art is by Darrell Midgette, Gary Washington, Timothy Bradstreet, Guy Burchak,
Dan Frazier, Rick Harris, John Robiison, Doug Shuler and Ruth Thompson, with cover at by Jeffrey K. Starling. It was published by SJG in 1992 for use with the 3rd edition GURPS ruleset. The following year, SJG would publish GURPS Operation Endpoint, a four-adventure campaign also written by Thomas Kane.
Reception
In the June 1993 edition of White Wolf Magazine (Issue 36), Shane Hensley was generally positive, commenting that the book "does exactly what it set out to do, and does it well". He concluded by giving the book an average rating of 3 out of 5, saying, "fans of such games of Top Secret and Mercenaries, Spies, and Private Eyes will probably enjoy [the product] just for the read-through."
Other reviews
The Last Province Issue 3 (1993, p.8)
Pyramid Vol.3 Issue 5 (March 2009, p.10)
References
External links
http://www.sjgames.com/gurps/books/espionage/
Contemporary role-playing games
Espionage
Role-playing game supplements introduced in 1992
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41074806
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family%20Court%20of%20New%20Zealand
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Family Court of New Zealand
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The Family Court of New Zealand () is a court that specifically exists to assist New Zealanders with family issues. There are 58 Family Courts throughout New Zealand.
Although the Family Court is technically a division of the District Courts, it retains its own identity.
Role
The Family Court most commonly deals with issues relating to the welfare of children and relationship property division. It also deals with issues relating to births, deaths, marriage, and mental health.
Legislation
The Family Court deals with applications under the following legislation:
Adoption Act 1955
Adoption (Intercountry) Act 1997
Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act 1966
Care of Children Act 2004
Child Support Act 1991
Civil Union Act 2004
Family Violence Act 2018
Family Proceedings Act 1980
Family Protection Act 1955
Intellectual Disability (Compulsory Care and Rehabilitation) Act 2003
Law Reform (Testamentary Promises) Act 1949
Marriage Act 1955
Mental Health (Compulsory) Assessment and Treatment Act 1992
Oranga Tamariki Act 1989
Property (Relationships) Act 1976
Protection of Personal and Property Rights Act 1988
Wills Act 2007
See also
District Court of New Zealand
References
External links
Official website
New Zealand court system
1981 establishments in New Zealand
New Zealand family law
New Zealand
Courts and tribunals established in 1981
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41074810
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beneath%20the%20Gated%20Sky
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Beneath the Gated Sky
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Beneath the Gated Sky is a science-fiction novel by Robert Reed, first published in 1997. It describes a world in which the sky undergoes a transformation that prevents people from seeing the stars, giving them instead a view of the other side of the world, as if the Earth had been turned inside out. The entire universe seems to have been rebuilt by an intelligence so that each body of matter exists in a structure that connects all matter together allowing travel between worlds using "quantum intrusions". The intrusions only allow minds, or as some would maintain, souls to pass through, emerging on the other side as a fully formed member of whatever species exists on the new world.
The novel is a sequel to Beyond the Veil of Stars, and follows that novel's protagonists, Cornell Novak and Porsche Neal, as they deal with their new relationship, the secret activities of the government agency that they worked for, and the possibility that some visitors from other worlds are working to destroy human society so they can take over.
Plot summary
Cornell Novak and Porsche Neal have moved to an isolated property that happens to contain one of the many black glass disks that appeared all over the world shortly before the sky changed. The disks mark the sites of quantum intrusions, or gateways, that have been locked down by travelers from other worlds to prevent humans from opening them. Porsche herself is a traveler, as are her extended family. Cornell was born on Earth, but suspects that his ancestors were travelers.
Their initial purpose is to gather information and prepare to expose their former employer, the Cosmic Event Agency, to the world via the Internet, while having an escape route ready should the CEA attempt to capture them. However Cornell has to come to terms with Porsche's past, and the emotional relationships she formed with beings on other worlds. Porsche herself has a guilty secret. It was because of her rash revelation of her family's origins to her lover that they had to leave their previous home on the planet Jarrtree and come to Earth. The first part of the novel describes Porsche's childhood on Jarrtree and her arrival on Earth. Her extended family is part of "The Few", who have become part of societies across the universe.
On Earth, Porsche and Cornell have been working with a computer expert to create their presentation to the world. Porsche, working with her cousin Trinidad and advanced technology created by the Few, has set up a network of hidden alarms and booby trap devices around the farm. Suddenly they find themselves under attack by the CEA, who seem to be aiming to kidnap them. For some reason their defenses have failed. Porsche escapes with Cornell's father through the portal into a world of intelligent apes who live in a jungle environment. Another portal from there brings them back to Tasmania from where they travel to Australia, only to find that Trinidad is working with the CEA. Their objective was to kidnap Porsche and return her to Jarrtree. Her former lover there, Jey-im, is now in a position to help the CEA kidnap the best minds of Porsche's home city. He has been manipulated over a long period by Trinidad, impersonating Porsche over the data network. Now Porsche must appear in person to complete the deception. The CEA holds her relatives and their children as hostages.
The scheme appears to work and the CEA flee with their victims from the city. They come under fire from the local militia but threaten to kill the abductees unless allowed to escape. Trinidad's father, using resources still hidden on Jarrtree, intervenes and lures the entire CEA convoy into a portal which results in all their hardware being destroyed. They are forced to come to terms with the Few.
It begins to become clear that some travelers are not content to live in the societies they inhabit, but work to disrupt them so they can take over. Jarrtree itself is in turmoil thanks to a new religion. Porsche suspects members of her own extended family of being part of this group that they call "The Others".
Forced to choose sides, Porsche offers a deal to the CEA: her people can provide technology that would allow humans to colonize the Solar System at minimal cost using the gateways. In exchange the government would have to shut down its plans to get technology from other worlds and turn over any members of the Others who have been helping it.
The cost of this deal is the apparent death of Porsche's favorite cousin, Trinidad, who throws himself out of an airborne helicopter. Subsequently Trinidad's mother disappears, as does Porsche's sister-in-law, and many other spouses who married into the Few and were believed to be natives of the worlds they came from. All their children disappear with them. Porsche is left in shock, realizing how extensive the reach of the "Others" was. However Trinidad had cast doubt on who the real villains really might be.
Sequels
The novel appeared to leave room for a sequel, but apart from a novelette entitled Apothecary Blue, printed in 1999 in Science Fiction Age, no other related work has been published.
External links
1997 American novels
American science fiction novels
Novels by Robert Reed
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41074811
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20Cloutier
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Catherine Cloutier
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Catherine A. Labonte Cloutier (born July 25, 1950) is an American politician and a former Republican member of the Delaware Senate from January 9, 2001, to January 12, 2021, representing District 5. Cloutier served in the Delaware House of Representatives from 1999 to 2001, after taking over the seat when her husband, former Lieutenant Governor of Delaware candidate Philip D. Cloutier, died in office in 1998. Senator Cloutier served as the minority whip in the 150th General Assembly.
Elections
In 1998, Cloutier was unopposed for the House District 11 Republican primary and won the general election with 4,584 votes (72.9%) against Democratic nominee Michael Paul.
In 2000, Cloutier won the Republican primary for Senate District 5 with 1,529 votes (68.6%), and won the general election with 8,099 votes (52.2%) against Democratic nominee William McGlinchey.
In 2002, Cloutier was unopposed for both the Republican primary and the general election, winning with 9,446 votes.
In 2006, Cloutier was unopposed for the Republican primary and won the general election with 6,945 votes (52.6%) against Democratic nominee Patricia Morrison.
In 2010, Cloutier was unopposed in the Republican primary and won the general election with 7,814 votes (54.9%) against Democratic nominee Christopher Counihan. Cloutier also qualified and received votes as the Working Families Party candidate.
In 2012, Cloutier and Counihan were both unopposed for their primaries, setting up a rematch of their 2010 race. Cloutier won the general election with 12,912 votes (56.2%) over Counihan.
In 2016, Cloutier was unopposed for the Republican primary and won the general election with 13,407 votes (59.5%) against Democratic nominee Denise Bowers.
In 2020, Cloutier was defeated by Democratic nominee Kyle Evans Gay.
References
External links
Official page at the Delaware General Assembly
Campaign site
1950 births
Living people
Republican Party Delaware state senators
Republican Party members of the Delaware House of Representatives
Women state legislators in Delaware
20th-century American women politicians
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
21st-century American politicians
People from New Castle County, Delaware
Politicians from Springfield, Massachusetts
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41074812
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunnarnes
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Gunnarnes
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Gunnarnes is a seaside village on the island of Rolvsøya in the municipality of Måsøy in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. There is a ferry between Gunnarnes and Havøysund.
Its climate is subarctic. The average annual temperature is 1.46 C°. The coldest month is February, with an average of -12.38° C. The hottest month is July, with 16.48C°. The wettest month is July with 99.11 mm of precipitations. The driest month is October, with 51.22 mm thereof.
See also
Gunnarnes Chapel
References
Villages in Finnmark
Måsøy
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41074832
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora%20TV
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Ora TV
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Ora TV is a television production studio and on-demand digital television network launched in 2012 by television host Larry King and his wife Shawn Southwick King and funded by América Móvil, a business venture of Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim. Ora (which means "now" in Italian and is also Shawn Southwick King's middle name) both produces and distributes television shows including Emmy-nominated Larry King Now, Politicking with Larry King, Off the Grid with Jesse Ventura, The Real Girl's Kitchen, and Brown Bag Wine Tasting with William Shatner. Ora has production offices and studios in New York City and Los Angeles.
History
Ora TV was founded by Larry King, his wife Shawn Southwick-King, and Carlos Slim in 2012 as an outlet to produce a new show for Larry King after leaving CNN. Larry King Now was launched as Ora's first show in July 2012 and aired both on Ora TV and Hulu. In 2014, Larry King Now episode "Head Trauma in the NFL" was nominated for a News and Documentary Emmy Award in the Outstanding News Discussion and Analysis category.
In April 2013, Ora TV acquired Stick Figure Studios, an Emmy award-winning documentary and reality series production company based in New York. Stick Figure is the producer of Catching Hell, a spearfishing docu-drama that aired on The Weather Channel in the summer of 2014, with exclusive digital content on Ora TV.
Ora TV's other content includes Haylie Duff's The Real Girl's Kitchen food & lifestyle series that aired on both Ora TV and the Cooking Channel, the Laugh Factory video archive, and road trip adventure show Wayward Nation, which launched in September 2014.
On June 30, 2015, Ora TV severed ties with American real estate tycoon Donald Trump. Arturo Elías Ayub, Slim's son-in-law and chairman of Ora TV, called his remarks about illegal aliens racist and an insult.
An Episode of Politicking which aired on September 8, 2016, and featured 2016 presidential candidate Donald Trump was the spark of a controversy. Numerous media outlets erroneously reported the interview was done by Russian state-owned, 'Kremlin-backed' television. Ora TV released a statement clarifying that the content is licensed to RT America, but produced independently from the network.
On March 1, 2022, following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Ora TV suspended production on several shows it produced for RT America, which would cease operations on March 3, 2022.
Ora-produced shows
References
External links
Television networks in the United States
Internet properties established in 2012
Television channels and stations established in 2012
Video on demand services
Internet television channels
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41074833
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynthia%20McClintock
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Cynthia McClintock
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Cynthia McClintock is a professor at George Washington University and an author. She serves on the Center for International Policy's board of directors. From 1994–1995 she was the president of the Latin American Studies Association. She is an expert on Peruvian relations with the U.S., Andean affairs, the drug trade, and the Tupac Amaru rebel group.
McClintock grew up in New York City, where she graduated from the Chapin School. She received a B.A. in English from Harvard University (1967), M.A. (1968) Political Science, University of California at Los Angeles and a Ph.D. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1976) Political Science.
Her expertise is in Latin American politics, U.S. policy towards Latin America, and Peru. She was a member of the Council of the American Political Science Association from 1998–2000 and served as Chair of its Comparative Democratization Section. She was a Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs from 2003–2005.
She has received fellowships from the U.S. Institute of Peace, Fulbright, Social Science Research Council and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. She has testified before the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs of the U.S. House of Representatives and has appeared on News Hour with Jim Lehrer, CNN International, CNN Spanish, National Public Radio, and the Diane Rehm Show.
Bibliography
The United States and Peru: Cooperation – at a Cost. Co-author: Fabián Vallas. Routledge, 2003. Spanish edition: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 2005
Revolutionary Movements in Latin America: El Salvador's FMLN and Peru's Shining Path U.S. Institute of Peace Press, 1998
Peasant Cooperatives and Political Change in Peru. Princeton University Press, 1981
The Peruvian Experiment Reconsidered. Co-author: Abraham F. Lowenthal. Princeton University Press, 1983. Spanish edition: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 1985
References
External links
Latin Americanists
Elliott School of International Affairs faculty
American foreign policy writers
Living people
Harvard College alumni
Chapin School (Manhattan) alumni
MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
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41074841
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Great%20Big%20Book%20of%20Horrible%20Things
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The Great Big Book of Horrible Things
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The Great Big Book of Horrible Things: The Definitive Chronicle of History's 100 Worst Atrocities is a popular history book by Matthew White, a librarian. The book provides a ranking of the hundred worst atrocities of mankind based on the number of deaths.
Background
White, a librarian at the federal courthouse in Richmond, Virginia, wrote the book in 2011. White previously administered the Historical Atlas of the 20th Century on his own website, and became interested in the subject due to constant arguments in cyberspace about who was actually responsible for various atrocities throughout history. According to White, the Atlas been used as source by many authors, including in 377 books and 183 scholarly articles.
Content
The foreword of the book was written by psychologist Steven Pinker. After the foreword, the book chronologically lists the hundred atrocities. Some of these are the Khmer Rouge rule of Cambodia, An Lushan Rebellion, and World War II. White's methodology for creating the list was gathering all available data on atrocities and attempting to discern consensus estimates for each one's death tolls. His focus is on armed conflict, with famine and disease relating to such conflict counting for the statistics, while natural disasters and economic events do not. White says that there is no atrocity for which the statistics can be agreed upon worldwide. One of White's conclusions is that no one system of government is obviously more murderous, and anarchy can be worst of all. He adds that governments do not kill people, rather people kill people. Another conclusion is that chaos is more deadly than tyranny.
Publication
The book was first published in hardcover by W. W. Norton & Company in November 2011. The paperback was published by W. W. Norton in May 2013 under the new title Atrocities: The 100 Deadliest Episodes in Human History. The British edition (Canongate Books, 20 October 2011) is entitled Atrocitology: Humanity's 100 Deadliest Achievements. It has been translated into Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, and Spanish.
Academic analysis
Steven Pinker credited White with creating "the most comprehensive, disinterested and statistically nuanced estimates available", and praised the methodological standards of White and the transparency of sources; however, Pinker said that numbers provided by White are "at the high end of the range". Charles S. Maier, a professor at Harvard University, stated that "these figures are notoriously elusive" and that White "seems to have tried to get the best figures he could". He wrote that most historians feel ashamed about doing this kind of raw exercise, adding that "here's a guy who hasn't been afraid to get his hands dirty". Ben Kiernan, director of the Genocide Studies Program at Yale University commented that "averaging guesses alongside more precise counts can be misleading". Randolph Roth, co-director of the Historical Violence Database at Ohio State University, said that it is difficult to make a quantitative analysis of an event while not knowing about the qualitative side of the context. He praised White's effort to look at the big picture, while adding that "it's going to be hard for many historians to read this book and look at that death toll for Genghis Khan, that 40 million, and not have a sinking feeling".
Rudolph Rummel, professor emeritus of political science at the University of Hawaii, disagreed with White on the extent of democide present in the 20th century. He called White's statistics "not reliable", and said that Joseph Stalin killed 61 million people, rather than the 20 million mentioned in the book by White. He insisted that the difference in numbers is "a profound statement on the nature of Communism".
Public reception
Jennifer Schuessler of The New York Times praised the "stylishly lurid graphics and goofy asides". James Hannaham of The Village Voice stated that the book might start controversy. He picked the example of slavery, saying that White claimed it was nearly eradicated, which he argues is not true if human trafficking is accounted for. He complimented the style of writing, stating that "even reading this world bummer with a grain of salt, you can't resist White's witty prose or put the damned thing down". Bill Blakemore of ABC News praised the elegant use of humor in the book, adding that it is a "fascinating, new, big and easy-to-read reference book". He called the style of writing "crystal clear" and said that "White’s list of the 100 Deadliest Atrocities is full of surprises". Randy Dotinga of The Christian Science Monitor said of the book that "despite being a kind of encyclopedia of evil, it actually manages to be a fascinating read thanks to White's keen grasp of history and his wry take on the villains of the past".
References
External links
Book website
Graphic display of the content of the book on The New York Times website
2011 non-fiction books
Crime reference works
Universal history books
W. W. Norton & Company books
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41074867
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935%20J%C3%A9r%C3%A9mie%20hurricane
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1935 Jérémie hurricane
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The 1935 Jérémie hurricane, commonly referred to as the 1935 Haiti hurricane, was a highly destructive and catastrophic tropical cyclone that impacted the Greater Antilles and Honduras in October 1935, killing well over 2,000 people. Developing on October 18 over the southwestern Caribbean Sea, the storm proceeded to strike eastern Jamaica and southeastern Cuba while overwhelming southwestern Haiti in a deluge of rain. The hurricane—a Category 1 at its peak—completed an unusual reversal of its path on October 23, heading southwestward toward Central America. Weakened by its interaction with Cuba, the storm soon regained strength and made its final landfall near Cabo Gracias a Dios in Honduras on October 25. The cyclone weakened upon moving inland and dissipated two days later.
Flooding and landslides in Jamaica took their toll on property, agricultural interests, and infrastructure; fruit growers on the island sustained about $2.5 million (1935 USD) in losses. Just off the coast, an unidentified vessel went down with her entire crew in the hostile conditions. Strong winds buffeted coastal sections of Cuba, notably in and around Santiago de Cuba. There, the hurricane demolished 100 homes and filled streets with debris. Only four people died in the country, thanks to the extensive pre-storm preparations. The storm did the most damage along the Tiburon Peninsula of southwestern Haiti, where catastrophic river flooding took the lives of up to 2,000 individuals, razed hundreds of native houses, and destroyed crops and livestock. The heaviest destruction took place around the towns of Jacmel and Jérémie; one early report estimated that 1,500 had been killed at the latter. Entire swaths of countryside were isolated for days, delaying both reconnaissance and relief efforts.
The hurricane later created devastating floods in Central America, chiefly in Honduras. Reported at the time to be the worst flood in the nation's history, the disaster decimated banana plantations and population centers after rivers flowed up to above normal. Torrents of floodwaters trapped hundreds of citizens in trees, on rooftops, and on remote high ground, requiring emergency rescue. The storm left thousands homeless and around 150 dead in the country, while monetary losses totaled $12 million. Flooding and strong winds reached into northeastern Nicaragua, though damage was much less widespread than in neighboring Honduras.
Meteorological history
The hurricane originated over the southwestern Caribbean Sea, where, on October 17, a broad and immature low pressure system was noted. The hurricane forecast center in Jacksonville, Florida issued its first advisory on the storm late on October 20, following ship reports of winds approaching and exceeding gale-force. Contemporary reanalyses of the storm have determined that it organized into a tropical depression on October 18, then drifted toward the east, turning north-northeastward as it strengthened into a tropical storm early the next day. Due to low environmental air pressures and the large size of the cyclone, intensification was gradual as the storm approached Jamaica, eventually making landfall on the eastern side of the island, just west of the Morant Point Lighthouse, at 13:00 UTC on October 21. The system came ashore with a central pressure of , suggesting maximum winds of 60 mph (100 km/h). After emerging into the waters between Jamaica and Cuba, the storm slowed in forward speed, continued to intensify, and curved northwestward toward southeastern Cuba. The storm attained the equivalent of Category 1 hurricane status on the current-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale early on October 22, while meandering just off the coast of Cuba.
At around 18:00 UTC on October 22, the hurricane made landfall near Santiago de Cuba at its initial peak intensity, with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h). It started weakening early the next day after encountering the Sierra Maestra mountain range and moving southwestward, away from the coast. Steered by persistent high-pressure ridging over the eastern United States and western Atlantic, the cyclone would maintain this highly unusual path for the remainder of its duration in open waters. It brushed Cuba's Cape Cruz and deteriorated to a tropical storm before passing relatively close to the western tip of Jamaica. On the morning of October 24, the barometer aboard a ship in the storm's eye fell to , its lowest recorded pressure. The ship measured winds outside of the lull only up to , but the storm was reintensifying, and once again achieved hurricane strength later in the day. It matched its previous peak intensity at 12:00 UTC on October 25 as it approached Cabo Gracias a Dios on the border of Honduras and Nicaragua. Shortly thereafter, the hurricane crossed the Honduran coast for its final landfall. The mountainous terrain of Central America worked to diminish the storm, which curved westward and steadily lost force, though observation of its decay was minimal. The cyclone likely dissipated on October 27 over Guatemala.
Impact
The hurricane affected Jamaica, Haiti, Cuba, Honduras, and North Nicaragua along its unusual path, killing an estimated 2,150 people.
Jamaica
Parts of eastern Jamaica began to experience strong northeasterly winds early on October 20, and the parishes of Saint Thomas, Portland, and Saint Mary ultimately bore the brunt of the storm. Heavy rainfall swelled rivers and triggered landslides; the ensuing floods destroyed bridges, inundated many homes, and necessitated the rescue of trapped individuals. With telegraph communications cut to the hardest-hit areas and roads left impassable, the degree of destruction was initially uncertain, though it was described as "extensive". The storm took a heavy toll on agriculture (already compromised from the effects of another hurricane less than a month earlier), with banana plantations in particular sustaining heavy damage. Losses to fruit crops in the nation totaled an estimated $2,500,000.
The storm reportedly killed three people on the island. An unidentified schooner capsized off Port Antonio with all hands lost, in spite of efforts to rescue the imperiled crew. One modern source recounts that the crew numbered 31, but this figure was not widely reported. The , underway with President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt, averted its course after encountering adverse conditions.
Cuba and Haiti
In advance of the hurricane's landfall in Cuba, businesses were closed. Railways worked to secure non-essential trains, and residents of vulnerable coastal towns, including Caimanera, fled their homes in search of safer ground. The hurricane subjected eastern parts of the island to intense gales, measured at over at Santiago de Cuba before the anemometer failed. The northern coast of the island around Nipe Bay also endured strong winds as high as . Winds of were recorded at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, though the effects there were generally light. Closer to the hurricane's center, in Santiago de Cuba, about 100 homes sustained complete structural failures. The prolonged nature of the storm hampered search and rescue efforts amid the rubble. Winds strew debris around the city, blocking its streets. A hospital and a power plant both suffered roof failure. Electricity in Santiago de Cuba was preemptively turned off as conditions worsened, contributing to regional power outages.
Significant flooding occurred after the Cauto River overflowed it banks, making driving impossible. The storm severed communications between towns in eastern Cuba after bringing down telephone and telegraph wires. Apart from seven structures ruined in the Guantánamo area, there was less destruction in many locations than initially feared. There were reports of three fatalities in Caimanera, and one person died in Santiago de Cuba. At least 29 individuals were treated for storm-related injuries. Damage assessments in the immediate aftermath of the storm placed monetary damages in Cuba at $500,000. In the aftermath, a public curfew was issued for Santiago de Cuba, forcing residents to remain indoors after 8 pm. To prevent looting, troops patrolled streets and vulnerable locations, such as banks. Supplies of bread and milk ran short following the hurricane.
The greatest disaster occurred in southern Haiti, where as many as 2,000 people died, possibly more. The towns of Jacmel and Jérémie—both on the Tiburon Peninsula—were devastated by catastrophic freshwater flooding after days of torrential rains. The entire peninsula, already remote in its own right, was isolated for a time, ensuring only scant detail of the disaster reached the outside world. Information was initially relayed to the capital city of Port-au-Prince by a single aircraft.
The hurricane crippled infrastructure, blocking roads throughout the area and destroying a hydroelectricity plant in Jacmel. The town was left without power and drinking water. In Jérémie, the flooding was so severe as to sweep away a large metal bridge. Hundreds of poorly constructed native houses were destroyed on the Tiburon Peninsula, leaving thousands of survivors without homes. Property damage in Haiti amounted to over $1 million. Meanwhile, thousands of livestock were killed and crops were completely destroyed, prompting fears of impending famine.
Several days after the storm, the bodies of drowning victims had been recovered by the hundreds, and it was suspected many of the deceased had been washed into the sea. One preliminary estimate placed the number of dead in the Jérémie area alone at 1,500, suggesting the worst of the tragedy occurred there. Indeed, some modern sources have unofficially referred to the storm as Hurricane Jérémie. The Haitian government worked to bring emergency supplies and relief workers, at least partially by way of ship, to the flood-stricken region. As little was known about the extent of losses, officials rushed to restore communications with the disaster area.
Central America
After clearing the Greater Antilles, the hurricane ravaged parts of Honduras. Banana plantations suffered extensively, causing the United Fruit Company about $6 million in losses. As in Haiti, the hardest hit areas of Honduras were cut off from the nation's capital of Tegucigalpa. Severe river flooding wrought widespread destruction, especially around La Ceiba and throughout the Cortés Department. Many towns were inundated by up to of water. According to one source, the Ulúa River "officially" rose some from its normal height near Chamelecón, where the flood left 800 families homeless. Many hundreds of individuals were stranded by raging flood waters in the Cortés region, clutching to trees and rooftops as they awaited uncertain rescue. Even after rescue boats brought many residents of Chamelecón to safety, a third of the population remain trapped.
The rampant Cangrejal River reportedly obliterated an entire suburban community further east, near La Ceiba, while the Aguán River burst its banks at Trujillo and killed numerous plantation workers. By October 29, the bodies of 70 flood victims had been recovered at Corocito in Colón. Torrential rains extended into Tegucigalpa, causing urban flooding. Just to the northeast, in San Juancito, a large landslide took the lives of at least three people. Overall, the hurricane inflicted about $12 million in damage across Honduras (including the agricultural impacts), resulted in about 150 deaths, and destroyed the homes of thousands of residents. The floods were considered to be among the worst in the country's history. Almost immediately after the passage of the storm, a wide area of Honduras experienced strong earthquake activity.
Damaging, but less expansive, floods also occurred in parts of extreme northeastern Nicaragua around the Mosquito Coast. The Coco River, which constitutes a large portion of the Honduras–Nicaragua border, swelled as observed about upstream of its mouth. Banana farms were heavily damaged around Cabo Gracias a Dios, occupied by both nations, and according to early reports in that area, all but a handful of dwellings were destroyed. In spite of the flooding and hurricane-force winds, timely warnings prevented fatalities locally.
See also
List of Cuba hurricanes
Hurricane Gordon (1994), which killed 1,000–2,000 in Haiti
Hurricane Mitch (1998), which created unprecedented flooding in Honduras
Hurricane Lenny (1999), notable for its atypical path
List of deadliest Atlantic hurricanes
References
Jeremie
Category 1 Atlantic hurricanes
Hurricanes in Haiti
Hurricanes in Cuba
Hurricanes in Jamaica
Hurricanes in Honduras
1935 meteorology
1935 natural disasters
1935 in Honduras
1935 in Haiti
1935 in the Caribbean
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41074883
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oroklini-Troulloi%20FC
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Oroklini-Troulloi FC
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Oroklini-Troulloi FC 2020 () is a Cypriot football club which is based in the village of Troulloi in Larnaca district. The club was founded in 1952 as Digenis Oroklinis. In the 2014–2015 season the team competed in the Cypriot Second Division for the first time in its history.
History
Digenis was founded in 1952 under the name Athletic Club Omonia Oroklinis. In 1983 the general meeting of the association decided to rename to Digenis. The club's emblem contained the date 1983 when the name changed. The team's colours are white, blue and green.
Oroklini-Troulloi FC 2020 was founded in June 2020 by the consolidation of Digenis Oroklinis and the Troulloi FC 2015 team, which had been formed three years earlier by a merger of Sourouklis Troullon and Dafni Troulloi. The new team moved from Oroklini to Troulloi.
The club has many appearances in the Third and Fourth Division.
Current squad
For recent transfers, see List of Cypriot football transfers summer 2018.
League history
The following table shows the progress of the team in time (for those seasons found data).
Honours
Cypriot Fourth Division: 2
2007–08, 2011–12
Cypriot Cup for lower divisions:
Runner-up: (1) 2008–09
References
External links
Official Site
Soccerway Profile
Football clubs in Cyprus
Association football clubs established in 1983
1983 establishments in Cyprus
Football clubs in Larnaca
Oroklini-Troulloi FC
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41074922
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schima%20wallichii
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Schima wallichii
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Schima wallichii, also known as the needlewood tree, is a species of evergreen tree in the tea family, Theaceae.
Schima wallichii is native to a wide area of China and tropical Asia. It grows tall.
References
Theaceae
Flora of China
Flora of tropical Asia
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41074925
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosperous%20Suzhou
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Prosperous Suzhou
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Prosperous Suzhou (), originally entitled Burgeoning Life in a Resplendent Age (), is an 18th-century scroll painting (handscroll) created in 1759 by the Chinese court painter Xu Yang. Depicting the bustling urban life of Suzhou, it combines Western perspective with traditional Chinese style. It measures .
History
The Qianlong Emperor commissioned Prosperous Suzhou after he returned from an inspection trip to the south in 1751. It took several years for Xu Yang, a native of Suzhou, to complete. Prosperous Suzhou was renamed from Burgeoning Life in a Resplendent Age in the 1950s.
Description
Prosperous Suzhou is a handscroll, a long narrow scroll for displaying a series of scenes. It is twelve meters in length. It is intended to be viewed starting from the right end, by laying it flat on a table and unrolling it. One admires it section for section during the unrolling as if traveling through a landscape, depicting a continuous journey.
European art and its techniques like linear perspective became increasingly influential in China the 18th and 19th centuries. Skillfully composed, Prosperous Suzhou combines Western linear perspective with traditional Chinese compositional devices. The scroll is invaluable from both a historical and an artistic point of view, depicting in intricate detail the mid-18th century topography and customs of Suzhou, allowing modern viewers to visit a Chinese city of 250 years ago.
In his inscription at the end of the scroll, Xu Yang wrote that he painted it in order to depict a peaceful and prosperous reign, and to pay homage to the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. In addition, his inscription describes the scroll as a journey from Mount Lingyan to the city walls of Suzhou, through the city, and ending at Tiger Hill.
The scroll vividly illustrates the visual appearance of the terrain, urban landscapes, and everyday life in an area covering several dozen miles. The middle of the scroll depicts an idealised view of all the activities of the bustling urban center of Suzhou. Viewers can see numerous merchants, traders, barges and passenger boats, as well as dense rows of shops and vendors. More than 4,800 human figures, 2,000 architectural structures, and 400 boats are present.
Exhibitions
Prosperous Suzhou along with fourteen other paintings (all on the subject of the prosperous cities of the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty) from the Liaoning Provincial Museum were exhibited at the Hong Kong Museum of Art from 25 September 2009 to 22 November 2009 to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
The Victoria and Albert Museum in London mounted an exhibition entitled Masterpieces of Chinese Painting that included Prosperous Suzhou from 26 October 2013 to 19 January 2014. The exhibition was organized to display the finest examples of Chinese painting from the beginning of the 8th to the end of the 19th century.
In 2016, a booklet by Michael Nicoll-Griffith was published entitled "Prosperous Suzhou" which displays a painted copy of Xu Yang's original. The booklet includes an explanation in English of pictorial descriptions in each half-metre of the painting.
See also
Chinese painting
Along the River During the Qingming Festival
References
External links
Suzhou Scroll, zoomable panoramic viewer depicting details of Prosperous Suzhou.
, an RTHK segment about the 2009 exhibition of Prosperous Suzhou in Hong Kong.
Chinese paintings
1759 paintings
Culture in Suzhou
Maritime paintings
Panoramas
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41074929
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu%20Yang%20%28Qing%20dynasty%29
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Xu Yang (Qing dynasty)
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Xu Yang (; 1712–after 1777) was a court painter to the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty. A native of Suzhou, he was active ca. 1750–1776.
He painted 12 large silk scrolls, including The Qianlong Emperor's Southern Inspection Tour and Prosperous Suzhou.
References
External links
Recording the Imperial Southern Inspection Tours, the imperial inspection tours of the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors.
1712 births
Painters from Suzhou
Qing dynasty painters
Year of death missing
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41074930
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josete%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201988%29
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Josete (footballer, born 1988)
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José Antonio Malagón Rubio (born 28 May 1988), known as Josete, is a Spanish footballer who plays for UCAM Murcia CF as a defender.
Club career
Born in Elche, Province of Alicante, Josete graduated from Elche CF's youth system, making his senior debut with the reserves in the 2007–08 season, in the Tercera División. On 19 June 2010, he appeared in his first professional game with the Valencians' first team, featuring the last eight minutes in a 4–1 Segunda División home win over Real Sociedad.
Josete competed in the Segunda División B the following years, representing Deportivo Alavés, Zamora CF and Cádiz CF. On 22 January 2016, he returned to the second division after agreeing to an 18-month contract with Real Oviedo. He scored his first goal in the latter league on 1 May, the only as the hosts defeated Córdoba CF.
On 12 July 2016, Josete rejoined Elche. The following 29 June, after suffering relegation, he signed a two-year deal with fellow division two club CD Lugo.
Josete returned to the third tier in summer 2020, with the 32-year-old agreeing to a contract at UCAM Murcia CF.
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from Elche
Men's association football defenders
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol players
Elche CF Ilicitano footballers
Elche CF players
Deportivo Alavés players
Zamora CF footballers
Cádiz CF players
Real Oviedo players
CD Lugo players
UCAM Murcia CF players
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41074996
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia%20C.%20Collins
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Julia C. Collins
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Julia C. Collins (c. 1842 – November 25, 1865), was an African-American schoolteacher in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, who in 1864 and 1865 contributed essays and other writings to The Christian Recorder, a publication of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Starting in January 1865, her novel, The Curse of Caste, or the Slave Bride, was serialized in the pages of the Christian Recorder. The novel remains unfinished due to the untimely death of its author from consumption. In 2006, William L. Andrews of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Mitch Kachun of Western Michigan University collected Collins' writings and her unfinished novel and published them, with commentary and notes, through Oxford University Press.
Life and literary work
Life
Little is known about Julia Collins' life. Scholars believe she was born a free woman in the North, though her birth name and birthdate are unknown. Only one African-American woman named "Julia" appears in the 1860 Williamsport, Pennsylvania census, a 17-year-old Julia Green who was living with the family of Enoch Gilchrist, a black abolitionist and Underground Railroad conductor. It is plausible that the two Julias are the same person, but cannot be verified. Indicating that the author was an educated and well-read Northerner, Collins referenced Alexander Pope, William Shakespeare, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and classical antiquity in her essays.
What is certainly known about Collins comes directly from references to her in the Christian Recorder. In the issue of April 16, 1864, Enoch Gilchrist announced that Julia Collins was appointed as schoolteacher for the African-American children in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. There was no school building open to African-American children at that time. The school committee authorized a teacher's salary, but the teacher had to provide the materials and space. The school was likely located in the African-American section near the Susquehanna River and the city's African Methodist Episcopal Church. It is not known where Collins lived before April 1864.
More is known about her husband, Stephen Carlisle Collins. Stephen was born a free man in Pennsylvania and lived in Williamsport. During the Civil War, he was an officer's servant, before enlisting in the 6th United States Colored Infantry Regiment. For a period of time after the war, he operated a barber shop in Williamsport and served as commander of the Fribley Post of the Grand Army of the Republic, a veterans' organization for Civil War soldiers. Barbering and school-teaching were higher-status occupations for African Americans in the 19th century, which meant the Collinses would have been respected and connected in the Williamsport community.
Julia Collins died on November 25, 1865. She only became a member of the African Methodist Episcopal Church on her deathbed. As reported in The Christian Recorder, she left "motherless children", which leads to speculations that she was in her twenties when she died. These children have been identified as Sarah and Annie Collins. Since Stephen was previously married, the eldest daughter Sarah, born around 1858, was likely not Julia Collins’ natural daughter. Born around 1862, Annie was raised by her grandparents after her mother's death. Annie worked as a domestic, married lumberer John L. Caution in 1884, and died suddenly in 1889.
Literary work
The dramatic title Collins gave her novel, The Curse of Caste, or The Slave Bride, is in keeping with the drama of the story she tells. Individual chapters of The Curse of Caste were published in the weekly Christian Recorder over a period of eight months in 1865. The story focuses on racial identity, interracial marriage, and the injustices of American slavery and racism. The story abruptly ends just as the plot reaches the climax and resolution, as Collins died of tuberculosis in November 1865, leaving the novel unfinished. In 2006, Oxford University Press published the novel, including an introduction and two alternative endings written by the editors Mitch Kachun and William Andrews.
In addition to the novel, The Curse of Caste, Collins published six essays in the Christian Recorder over the course of ten months from April 19, 1864, to January 20, 1865. The essays are titled: "Mental Improvement", "School Teaching", "Intelligent Women", "A Letter from Oswego: Originality of Ideas", "Life is Earnest", and "Memory and Imagination". The first four essays are datelined "Williamsport, Pennsylvania", while the fourth and fifth are datelined "Oswego" and "Owego, New York". The essays convey a message of racial uplift and empowerment to the African-American community.
Literary reception
Mitch Kachun, associate professor of history at Western Michigan University, "rediscovered" The Curse of Caste while searching through the microfilm collection of the Christian Recorder. Along with colleague William L. Andrews, Kachun argues that the serialized novel is the first novel written by an African-American woman. The pair argue that previous novels written by African-American women – such as Our Nig (1859) by Harriet E. Wilson and Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861) by Harriet Ann Jacobs – are basically autobiographical. During a presentation at Saginaw Valley State University, Kachun remarked how it is unusual that Collins' characters are allowed to be married and (briefly) happy in a tumultuous America. Kachun speculated that "[Collins] is exploring what could be a happy ending, an empowering ending, in which marriage and civility are things that African American women can aspire to."
A few scholars argue that the statements by Kachun and Andrews are inaccurate and presumptuous. Harvard scholar Henry Louis Gates Jr. counters that many first novels are autobiographical fiction, and that Harriet E. Wilson's Our Nig (which he brought to light in 1982) is the first novel by an African-American woman. Gates also retorts that the book by Collins is not "rediscovered" as he published it in microfiche form in 1989 as part of "The Black Periodical Fiction Project". At Gates' request, Andrews and Kachun added a footnote in the book acknowledging this. Sven Birkerts, a book reviewer for The New York Times, argues that the "sketchily developed romance" novel is simply not "worthy of the canonically foundational 'first novel by an African-American woman slot. He believes arguing the importance of this unfinished and editorially presumptuous novel takes away from the achievement of vital African-American literary works.
No matter the stances on the classification of The Curse of Caste, scholars believe the novel provides significant views on racial identity, interracial romance, hidden African ancestry, and gender ideologies. The story illuminates how racial prejudice persisted across generations and has the power to deprive people of trust social and emotional freedom. Veta Smith Tucker of the African American Review states that the lack of knowledge about Collins gives scholars great opportunity for discovery and calls the piecing together of facts "literary archeology". Collins used the vehicle of the Christian Recorder to share her voice with a broad audience, and Tucker hopes Collins' messages of self-improvement, racial uplift, and gender ideologies resonate with people today.
In June 2010, a Pennsylvania State Historical Marker was installed on Williamsport’s River Walk, near the presumed site of Collins' home and school, to recognize the importance of her life and work.
References
1842 births
1865 deaths
19th-century American novelists
19th-century American women writers
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
African-American abolitionists
African-American novelists
19th-century African-American women writers
19th-century American writers
19th-century African-American writers
American women novelists
Novelists from Pennsylvania
People from Williamsport, Pennsylvania
Tuberculosis deaths in Pennsylvania
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41075001
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Formula%20of%20Agreement
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A Formula of Agreement
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A Formula of Agreement is an ecclesiastical agreement between the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), Reformed Church in America, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and the United Church of Christ, establishing full communion with each other.
Background
Beginning in 1962, under the sponsorship of the Lutheran World Federation and the Reformed World Alliance, representatives from the Lutheran Church in America, the American Lutheran Church, the United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., the Presbyterian Church in the U.S., the Reformed Church in America and the United Church of Christ met to discuss their differences and agreements regarding the doctrine of the Lord’s Supper. In 1966, the book Marburg Revisited, the title referring to the Marburg Colloquy of 1529, was published, claiming that “As a result of our studies and discussions we see no insuperable obstacles to pulpit and altar fellowship and, therefore, we recommend to our parent bodies that they encourage their constituent churches to enter into discussions looking forward to intercommunion and the fuller recognition of one another's ministries." While a second round of dialogues between 1972 and 1974, made little progress, a third round (1981-1983) produced joint statements on the Lord’s Supper, justification and ministry, published in A Call To Action in 1984. Two years later, representatives reached the conclusion that the Reformed and Lutheran denominations recognize each other as churches that preach the Gospel and administer the sacraments in accordance to Christ’s command, recommendations which were adopted by the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) (which has come about due to a merger between the United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. and the Presbyterian Church in the U.S. in 1983) and the Reformed Church in America in 1986, and would be adopted by the United Church of Christ in 1989. For their parts, while the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches and the American Lutheran Church also adopted the resolutions in 1986, although the Lutheran Church in America was more reluctant to adopt the resolutions, recommending further dialogues.
In 1988, the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches, the American Lutheran Church and the Lutheran Church in America merged to form the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and at their constituting meeting, it was voted to continue discussions with the PCUSA, RCA and United Church of Christ, forming the Lutheran-Reformed Committee for Theological Conversations in order to discuss doctrinal condemnations in the Lutheran “Formula of Concord” and issues relating to Christology, the Lord’s Supper and predestination. The committee released their report “A Common Calling: The Witness of our Reformation Churches in North America Today” in 1992, which stated that there were no “church dividing differences” and unaminmously recommended “That the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), the Reformed Church in America (RCA), and the United Church of Christ (UCC) declare that they are in full communion with one another. In the specific terms of full communion as they are developed in our study, this recommendation also requires (1) that they recognize each other as churches in which the Gospel is rightly preached and the sacraments rightly administered according to the Word of God; (2) that they withdraw any historic condemnation by one side or the other as inappropriate for the faith and life of our churches today; (3) that they continue to recognize each others' Baptism and authorize and encourage the sharing of the Lord's Supper among their members; (4) that they recognize each others' various ministries and make provision for the orderly exchange of ordained ministers of Word and Sacrament; (5) that they establish appropriate channels of consultation and decision-making within the existing structures of the churches; (6) that they commit themselves to an ongoing process of theological dialogue in order to clarify further the common understanding of the faith and foster its common expression in evangelism, witness, and service; (7) that they pledge themselves to living together under the Gospel in such a way that the principle of mutual affirmation and admonition becomes the basis of a trusting relationship in which respect and love for the other will have a chance to grow.”
These recommendations led to the production of several documents intended for study in the churches: A Common Discovery: Learning about the Churches of the Reformation in North America Today; Lutheran-Reformed Theological Reflections on Full Communion; and Glimpses: What Full Communion May Mean to You. Eventually, after some reluctance from those in the RCA about entering into full communion with the UCC due to issues regarding homosexuality, in 1997, A Formula of Agreement was adopted by the denominations.
Content
The formulas affirm that the denominations are in full communion with each other. Full communion is defined as that the denominations
"
recognize each other as churches in which the gospel is rightly preached and the sacraments rightly administered according to the Word of God;
withdraw any historic condemnation by one side or the other as inappropriate for the life and faith of our churches today;
continue to recognize each other's Baptism and authorize and encourage the sharing of the Lord's Supper among their members;
recognize each others' various ministries and make provision for the orderly exchange of ordained ministers of Word and Sacrament;
establish appropriate channels of consultation and decision-making within the existing structures of the churches;
commit themselves to an ongoing process of theological dialogue in order to clarify further the common understanding of the faith and foster its common expression in evangelism, witness, and service;
pledge themselves to living together under the Gospel in such a way that the principle of mutual affirmation and admonition becomes the basis of a trusting relationship in which respect and love for the other will have a chance to grow."
Noting overall theological disagreements in the past in their confessional documents, the formulas state that “as a consequence of doctrinal agreement, it is stated that the ‘condemnations expressed in the confessional documents no longer apply to the contemporary doctrinal position of the assenting churches’ " (Leuenberg Agreement, IV.32.b).
Theologically, the biggest issue has been disagreements between the Lutherans and the Reformed stem from disagreements over the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper, with the Lutherans arguing that Christ is physically present in the elements, whereas the Reformed have argued that Christ is spiritually present. The formulas note that “the theological conversations acknowledged that it has not been possible to reconcile the confessional formulations from the sixteenth century with a ‘common language. . .which could do justice to all the insights, convictions, and concerns of our ancestors in the faith’ (A Common Calling, p. 49). However, the theological conversations recognized these enduring differences as acceptable diversities with regard to the Lord's Supper.” Citing the Leuenberg Agreement of 1973 made between several Lutheran and Reformed churches in Europe, it notes that:
"Lutheran and Reformed Christians agree that: In the Lord's Supper the risen Christ imparts himself in body and blood, given up for all, through his word of promise with bread and wine. He thereby grants us forgiveness of sins and sets us free for a new life of faith. He enables us to experience anew that we are members of his body. He strengthens us for service to all people. (The official text reads, 'Er starkt uns zum Dienst an den Menschen,' which may be translated 'to all human beings') (Leuenberg Agreement, II.2.15).
When we celebrate the Lord's Supper we proclaim the death of Christ through which God has reconciled the world with himself. We proclaim the presence of the risen Lord in our midst. Rejoicing that the Lord has come to us, we await his future coming in glory (Leuenberg Agreement, II.2.16)”
In regards to historical disagreements over double vs. single predestination, the formulas state that Reformed and the Lutherans can agree that salvation by grace alone through faith alone and that “Although Lutherans and Reformed have different emphases in the way they live out their belief in the sovereignty of God's love, they agree that ‘God's unconditional will to save must be preached against all cultural optimism or pessimism’ (A Common Calling, p. 54). It is noted that "‘a common language that transcends the polemics of the past and witnesses to the common predestination faith of Lutheran and Reformed Churches has emerged already in theological writings and official or unofficial statements in our churches’ (A Common Calling, page 55)”.
Exchange of ministers
The Formula of Agreement allows for “an orderly exchange of ministers of word and sacrament” between the PCUSA, ELCA, UCC or RCA. A minister wishing to transfer to another denomination must be educated in their own tradition before transferring to a church in another tradition and it must be done at the invitation of the receiving church and with the consent of the sending church Each denomination has established procedures for allowing ministers from other denominations to serve in their denomination, and the agreement guarantees that each denomination’s polity will be respected.
Controversy
The fellowship between the denominations has remained controversial. The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod has condemned the agreement, arguing that it jettisons the Lutheran confessional standards as laid out in the Book of Concord, as the Lutheran and the Reformed views of the supper are irreconcilable.
One of the other larger issues has to do with diverging stances on human sexuality, as the Reformed Church in America officially does not affirm homosexuality. Even as the Formula of Agreement was being drafted, some in the Reformed Church in America objected to the agreement with the United Church of Christ because of their more progressive stance on homosexuality. The ELCA's subsequent decision in 2009 to allow homosexuals to serve as clergy prompted some conservatives in the RCA to call for the RCA's withdrawal from the Formula of Agreement. While the RCA would not sever the ties with the ELCA, the 2010 General Synod of the RCA expressed their concern by the move of the Lutherans, two denominations eventually agreed to further dialogue about the issue. In 2012, an RCA classis in Michigan unsuccessfully made an overture to the General Synod to have the RCA withdraw from the Formula of Agreement. 2013 saw the adoption of a paper by Formula Churches on Scripture and moral discernment, a paper in which the Disciples of Christ, the Moravian Church in North America and the Christian Reformed Church in North America took an advisory role in drafting.
References
Agreements
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41075007
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Some%20Love%20Lost
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Some Love Lost
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Some Love Lost is a retail mixtape by American rapper Joe Budden. The mixtape was released on November 4, 2014, by Mood Muzik Entertainment and E1 Music.
Critical reception
Carl Lamarre of XXL said, "While Some Love Lost serves as merely an appetizer to his upcoming album All Love Lost, Joe Budden's anguish and candor on this project will do more than enough to hold over his ravenous fan base." Andre Grant of HipHopDX stated, "As a meal before the main course, Some Love Lost, is a lonely one. But Joe’s change in style (to the autobiographical slaughter it is now) is interesting, and he claims he's got his best work on deck. As for this one, it is an ambitious dumping of his tragedies on paper. But it also leaves Joe and this project rolling a rock up hill that never quite gets there."
Commercial performance
The album debuted at number 55 on the Billboard 200, with sales of 7,695 copies in the United States.
Track listing
References
2014 EPs
Joe Budden albums
E1 Music albums
Sequel albums
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41075018
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole%20Lombard%20filmography
|
Carole Lombard filmography
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Carole Lombard (1908–1942) was an American cinema actress who appeared in 56 feature films and 18 short films in a career spanning 21 years before her death in an airplane crash at the age of 33.
Filmography
Silent Features
Sound Features
Short films
References
Lombard, Carole
Lombard, Carole
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41075027
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown%20Puddlers
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Youngstown Puddlers
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The Youngstown Puddlers was a Minor League Baseball team based in Youngstown, Ohio, United States. The team was part of the Interstate League. The team existed in the late 19th century. Eventually the team would also be named the Little Giants.
The team's puddler name was derived from a type of iron worker in iron factories and foundries, and Youngstown was especially well known for its iron and steel manufacturing.
Notes and references
Defunct minor league baseball teams
Sports in Youngstown, Ohio
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41075029
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narceus
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Narceus
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Narceus is a genus of large cylindrical millipedes of the family Spirobolidae native to eastern North America. The genus comprises three or four species, two of which are endemic to Florida, and the remainder forming a species complex. The species of Narceus include some of the largest and most recognizable millipedes in eastern North America.
Description
Narceus individuals range from long, with 45 to 59 segments as adults. Their body color is various shades of brown with reddish to yellow stripes on each segment.
Species
Narceus americanus / Narceus annularis complex - New England to Minnesota, south to Texas and Florida. Extends into southern Quebec and Ontario in Canada.
Narceus gordanus - Florida to South Carolina, possibly Tennessee
Narceus woodruffi - Florida
The species N. americanus and N. annularis are widely distributed in North America, and may represent an intergradation of forms rather than two distinct species, a group known as the "N. americanus/annularis complex".
References
Millipedes of North America
Spirobolida
Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
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41075032
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Nelson%20%28scientist%29
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Mark Nelson (scientist)
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Mark Nelson (born 1947) is an American ecologist and author based in Santa Fe, New Mexico. His research focuses on closed ecological system research, ecological engineering, restoration of damaged ecosystems, and wastewater recycling. The founding director of the Institute of Ecotechnics in 1973, Nelson was one of the eight original crew members of Biosphere 2 in 1991 and served as the Director of Earth and Space Applications for the project until 1994.
Life and career
Nelson was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. He majored in philosophy and pre-med at Dartmouth College and received his BA summa cum laude in 1968. After a stint in New York City working as a taxi driver, he arrived at the Synergia Ranch in New Mexico. The ranch, named for Buckminster Fuller's concept of synergy, was founded by John Allen and owned by Allen's wife Marie Harding. Its ranch hands also made furniture and pottery, studied ecology, and gave theatrical performances, occasionally touring under the name Theater of All Possibilities. It was at the ranch that the Institute of Ecotechnics was founded in 1973 with Nelson as its director.
The Institute of Ecotechnics, which described itself as an ecological think tank was financed by Ed Bass, who also funded the Biosphere 2 project. In 1986, Nelson and John Allen had co-authored Space Biospheres, which outlined the plans for the biosphere and its scientific rationale. Nelson was one of the original eight crew members who remained in the closed environment of the Biosphere from 1991 until 1993 and was responsible for the animal fodder systems, managing the wilderness sections, and coordinating the transfer of data from Biosphere.
After the initial Biosphere 2 experiment ended in 1993, Nelson and his fellow crew member Abigail Alling published Life Under Glass: The Inside Story of Biosphere. Nelson then began graduate studies at the University of Arizona's School of Renewable Natural Resources, receiving his MSc in 1995. In the interim, disputes over the management of the next phase of the Biosphere project in 1994 had led to its financial backer Ed Bass placing the project into temporary receivership and relieving the project's chief management of their duties, including Nelson who was the Director of Earth and Space Applications. Nelson went on to study environmental engineering science under Howard T. Odum at the University of Florida's Center for Wetlands, and received his PhD in 1998 with a dissertation entitled Limestone wetland mesocosm for recycling saline wastewater in Coastal Yucatan, Mexico.
Nelson continues to publish papers on ecosystem research and engineering in journals such as Advances in Space Research and Life Sciences in Space Research and remains Chairman of the Institute of Ecotechnics. He resumed the post in 1982 after a seven-year period when it was run by Randall Gibson. Over the years, his work at the institute has included the founding in 1978 of the eco-station and desert reclamation project Birdwood Downs located at Meda Station in Western Australia and in 1983 of Las Casas de la Selva, a rainforest enrichment and sustainable forestry project in Puerto Rico. He is also the founder and principal of Wastewater Gardens International, a company which develops and promotes constructed wetlands.
Publications
Nelson's publications include:
Nelson, M., W. Dempster, J. Allen, (2013). "Key Ecological Challenges for Closed Systems Facilities". Advances in Space Research (2013)
Nelson, M., and Wolverton, B.C. (2011). "Plants + Soil/Wetland Microbes: Food Crop Systems that also Clean Air and Water". Advances in Space Research (2011)
Nelson, M., N.S. Pechurkin, J. Allen, L.A. Somova and J.I. Gitelson (2010). "Bioengineering of Closed Ecological Systems for Ecological Research, Space Life Support and the Science of Biospherics" in (eds. L. K. Wang, V. Ivanov and J.H. Tay) The Handbook of Environmental Engineering series, (10), 11. The Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.
Nelson, M. (1997). "Bioregenerative Life Support Systems for Space Habitation and Extended Planetary Missions", pp. 315–336 in (ed. Churchill, S.). Fundamentals of Space Life Sciences, Orbit Books,
Alling, A. and Nelson, M. (1993). Life Under Glass: The Inside Story of Biosphere 2. Biosphere Press:
Allen, J. and Nelson (1986). Space Biospheres. Synergetic Press (the revised second edition was published in 1989)
References
External links
Biography at Biospherics.org
Biography at the Institute of Ecotechnics
1947 births
Living people
American male writers
American ecologists
American taxi drivers
Scientists from Brooklyn
People from Santa Fe, New Mexico
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41075055
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Resch
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Ron Resch
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Ron Resch (Ronald Dale Resch) was an artist, computer scientist, and applied geometrist, known for his work involving folding paper, origami tessellations and 3D polyhedrons.
Resch studied art at the University of Iowa receiving his Master of Fine Arts. Subsequently, he was a professor of architecture at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where he was affiliated with the Coordinated Science Laboratory. He went on to become a professor of computer science at the University of Utah.
He famously designed the Vegreville egg, the first physical structure designed entirely with computer-aided geometric modeling software.
References
External links
The Ron Resch Paper and Stick Film
Ron Resch Official Web Site (restored recently)
Some of Resch's works
1939 births
2009 deaths
American computer scientists
Origami artists
University of Utah faculty
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41075065
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecan%20scab
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Pecan scab
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Pecan scab is the most economically significant disease of pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis) in the southeastern United States. Venturia effusa is a fungal plant pathogen that causes pecan scab. The fungus causes lesions and tissue death on pecan twigs, petioles, leaves, nuts and shucks beginning in early spring, with multiple cycles of infection repeating until late summer. Wind and rain spread the fungus to a susceptible host. Control of the disease is achieved by fungicide, sanitation and, in some cases, quarantine.
Since its first description in 1882, the pecan scab fungus has been reclassified ten times, with other names such as Fusicladium caryigenum, Cladosporium effusum and Cladosporium caryigenum commonly associated with the fungus.
Host and symptoms
Venturia effusa has a narrow host range, and its most economically significant host is the pecan, Carya illinoinensis. The pathogen can also infect other trees in the genera Carya and Juglans (walnut). Common symptoms of pecan scab disease include light brown to black lesions on stems, leaves, shucks and nuts. Visible circular lesions begin to develop 7 to 14 days after infection, and first appear on young tissue as olive-green spots that turn black as they age. Older lesions may crack and fall out of the leaf-blade creating a shot-hole effect. Lesions range in diameter from a pinpoint to about one-quarter inch, and occur most numerously along leaf veins. Numerous lesions can coalesce into larger dead areas on infected tissue and can cause early leaf loss. Lesions on nuts may look sunken and distort nut morphology. They may also cause nuts to shrivel or drop prematurely. Lesions are amphigenous, meaning they grow on both sides of leaves.
Disease cycle
Venturia effusa over-winters in plant debris, such as shucks, leaf petioles and stems, as well as in lesions on the tree from the previous season. It survives as stromata, a tight mat of fungal material that lives within tissue. In the spring time, hyphae in the stromata germinate to produce solitary or loosely fasciculate conidiophores which produce conidia (asexual spores) in simple or branched chains. Conidia are dentical-like and have unthickened walls. Conidia are moved by wind and water to a susceptible host, but they cannot germinate and infect without several hours of sustained wet weather. Afternoon rain storms and wet conditions overnight provide ideal conditions for germination. Conidia germinate and form germ tubes which enter the host through stomata or through the cuticle, before forming intramatrical mycelia which moves through the plant and establishes the new infection. These mycelia give rise to further conidiophores and conidia, allowing for many infection cycles in each season.
Venturia effusa commonly reproduces asexually via conidia, but it may also produce a teleomorph stage like other Dothideomycetes in which pseudothecia carrying asci and sexual ascospores grow out of the hyphae. This allows for sexual reproduction and genetic recombination of the pathogen. The teleomorph stage, however, is very rare and literature on its characteristics are lacking.
The severity of infection depends in part on the timing of inoculation. A study by Gottwald and Bertrand in 1982 found that trees inoculated after late June, when the endocarp (shell) begins to form, suffered much less damage to nuts than those inoculated in May or early June during nut set. Trees in the latter category experienced the greatest disease severity around mid-season (mid-July through August), roughly 1.5 to 2 months after inoculation.
Environment
A conducive environment for the propagation of pecan scab requires wet weather. For the spores to inoculate the host, there must be a period of wet weather in order for the infection to occur. The amount of rainfall is not as important as the frequency of rainfall and length of time that the leaves and fruit stay wet. For example, the optimal time for a rain would be right before dusk because the plant will stay wet overnight, thus increasing the period of time the pathogen has to infect the plant. The temperature is not as critical of a factor in the environment. The pathogen thrives in adequate temperatures of spring and summer ranging from 20–30 °C (68–86 °F). When there is a pecan orchard, cultural practices that increase the humidity levels also provide a good environment for the pathogen. These practices include close tree spacing, low limbs, and dense ground vegetation.
Management
Although resistant varieties of pecan trees are available, such as the Elliot Pecan tree, historically the pathogen has overcome the resistance due to its ability to quickly change over time. Because resistance has been ineffective, the main control of the pathogen is fungicide application for commercial farming. Some commercial fungicides used are Pristine, Sovran, Quash, and Headline SC. For the fungicides to be effective, they must be sprayed before inoculation/infection period. The exact time for the first spray depends on the chemical used, but an example time periods is when the buds are bursting and the first leaves begin to show. The fungicide should be sprayed sufficiently in order to completely cover the tree. The rates per acre of application range from 2–5 fluid ounces on developing trees to 8–12 fluid ounces on mature trees. They are protectant fungicides, meaning that they work best to prevent disease from happening when sprayed before any disease is detected. The idea of "getting ahead" of the pathogen is key to preventing a large loss of production.
After this initial spray, the plant tissue is still susceptible to infection making it necessary for multiple sprays to occur during a growing season. The number of applications during a season depends on the weather, amount and virulence of the pathogen, and susceptibility of the cultivars. Generally, the cultivars are sprayed about every two to four weeks of its growing season in spring and summer. This ends up being about 5–7 sprays per growing season. The fungicide needs to be sprayed in a concentration high enough to prevent infection and to completely cover the trees. The fungicides have not been shown to have any adverse effects outside of the warnings of all chemical control impacts on environmental and human health.
Although fungicide application is effective in the commercial setting, the cost of the chemicals and equipment is usually not practical for noncommercial farming such as orchards and small farms. In the noncommercial case, good sanitation practices may help prevent the disease. Removal and destruction of all fallen leaves, shucks, and nuts each winter or early spring helps reduce tissue that is often involved in the primary infection. Also, selective pruning of infected tissue during the dormant season may help reduce the level of scab disease.
A recent study has been done to test if phosphite, a chemical with the potential to induce systemically acquired resistance (SAR), could be used as a potential control for pecan scab. The results showed that in the early stages of the growing season, phosphite was comparable to current fungicide control, however may not be as effective in providing elongated protection in the later growing season.
Importance
Pecan scab disease is the most economically damaging disease of pecans in the Southeastern United States, which is one of the major pecan producing regions in the world. It infects the leaves, shucks, and nuts thus reducing crop yield. In addition, the cost of fungicide application reduces the profitability of pecan production. Because of the cost of fungicides, pecan scab also prevents small orchards and yard trees from producing high quality nuts. The average cost of pecans ranges from $2.86–$3.50 per pound.
Prices may fluctuate slightly with demand. An average tree will yield 40–50 pounds of nuts, thus equating to roughly $135 per tree. At 27 trees/acre, the total profit would be $3,645 per acre.
Pecan scab is a devastating disease that can significantly impact the amount of quality pecans produced in a year. For example, during the summer of 2013, the estimated potential for the year was around 90 million pounds; however, the weather conditions were conducive for pecan scab growth and the actual total went down to 65 to 70 million. Pecans are valuable crops that are economically valuable to the farmer and also the farming industry. Devastating diseases like pecan scab can result in major financial loss that can hurt growers and also economic development.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal tree pathogens and diseases
Nut tree diseases
Pecan
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41075068
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheers%20%28season%2011%29
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Cheers (season 11)
|
The eleventh and final season of Cheers, an American television sitcom, originally aired on NBC in the United States between September 24, 1992, and May 20, 1993. The show was created by director James Burrows and writers Glen and Les Charles under the production team Charles Burrows Charles Productions, in association with Paramount Television.
Cast and characters
Ted Danson as Sam Malone
Kirstie Alley as Rebecca Howe
Rhea Perlman as Carla Tortelli
John Ratzenberger as Cliff Clavin
Woody Harrelson as Woody Boyd
Kelsey Grammer as Frasier Crane
Bebe Neuwirth as Lilith Sternin-Crane
George Wendt as Norm Peterson
Episodes
References
11
1992 American television seasons
1993 American television seasons
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41075091
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mara%20Torres
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Mara Torres
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Mara Torres (Madrid, 25 September 1974) is a Spanish journalist, author, and radio and television host.
Background
Torres earned a journalism degree from the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM). In 2006 she completed her graduate and doctorate studies at the Department of Language and Literature. In 2008 she began studying Comparative Literature in the Faculty of Philology of UCM.
Radio
In 1994 she directed a university program on the Onda Mini radio station and in 1995 entered the SER Network. She took part in the writing and production of the program Iñaki Gabilondo: Hoy por hoy, and the program Hola Madrid y La Gran Evasión for the local SER radio station.
From 1998 to 2001, she directed and hosted the talk show A contraluz and from then until the end of 2006, she also directed and hosted Hablar por hablar (on the SER Network), which was the early morning radio show leader, reaching more than 740,000 listeners.
Television
In October 2006 she became part of the Spanish Television Information Services where she hosted the news show "La 2 Noticias"
Since September 2013 she has hosted Torres y Reyes alongside the comedian Joaquin Reyes on the "La 2" channel.
Published books
Hablar por hablar. Historias de madrugada
Sin ti. Cuatro miradas desde la ausencia (Finalist at the 4th Setenil Award for the best book of short stories)
La vida imaginaria (This novel was the Finalist of the Premio Planeta 2012)
''En marzo de 2014, Mara Torres obtiene el Premio e-Awards a la Personalidad del Año en internet.
References
1974 births
Living people
Spanish journalists
Complutense University of Madrid alumni
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41075096
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Choir%3A%20Sing%20While%20You%20Work
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The Choir: Sing While You Work
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The Choir: Sing While You Work is a British television show broadcast on BBC Two, a spinoff of the 2006 series The Choir. In Sing While You Work choirmaster Gareth Malone creates and trains amateur workplace-based choirs, ultimately to compete against one another. The series first aired in 2012 and began a second series in November 2013.
Format
In Series 1 cameras followed Gareth Malone as he created four amateur choirs, formed from employees of four very different workplaces. Malone auditioned potential choir members at their workplace, assembled a choir of 30 using some of the better singers, then trained the singers to a semi-professional standard in only a few weeks. In contrast to previous The Choir formats, Sing While You Work introduces a competitive element. While the early programmes followed the early days of each choir, the final two programmes of Series 1 consisted of a semi-final and a final competitive event when an overall winner was eventually chosen.
In Series 2 the number of choirs was increased to five, while the size of each choir is reduced to 22. A quarter final stage is introduced.
The winners and losers are chosen by a panel of three musical experts.
Series 1 (2012)
Participants
Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust
Bristol Royal Mail
Manchester Airport
Severn Trent Water
In Series 1 each choir consisted of 30 singers. Manchester airport choir were eliminated at the semi-final stage. The three remaining groups performed for the final at the National Eisteddfod of Wales in Llangollen. Severn Trent Water choir won the final.
Judges
Ralph Allwood, Manvinder Rattan, Ruby Turner
Transmissions
Series 2 (2013)
Participants
P & O Ferries - the choir was drawn from P&O staff in Dover and Calais, with singing in both English and French.
Birmingham City Council - played against the background of major budget cuts in the council. The choir's first major performance is in Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery in front of colleagues, friends and the judges.
Sainsbury's - using staff from a store in Walthamstow, the Waltham Point distribution centre, and the Store Support Centre in London.
Cheshire Fire Service
Citi Bank, London
The quarter final was held at the Royal Academy of Music, where each choir had to perform a piece of classical music. Sainsbury's choir, singing Ave Maria, were eliminated at this stage.
The semi final was held at El Shaddai Church in Golders Green, each choir performed a gospel song. Birmingham City Council Choir were next to fall from the competition. They sang 'Down to the River to Pray'.
The grand final was filmed during the last week of September in Ely Cathedral, to be broadcast on 22 December 2013. P&O Ferries were crowned winners in front of an audience of 1200 people.
Judges
Paul Mealor (royal composer), Sarah Fox (singer), Ken Burton (conductor)
Transmissions
Reception
Viewing figures increased for the 2013 series. 2.7 million people watched the first programme on 4 November 2013, up 200,000 on the 2012 opener.
Media criticism
The first programme of the initial series, following the fortunes of the Lewisham NHS trust choir, was warmly received. The Telegraph described it as "an emotive piece of television, in the best possible way" and a "pleasurable programme", its only criticism being the "slightly heavy-handed attempt to shoehorn in a bit of hospital-based class warfare". The Guardian reviewer described Malone as "slightly annoying" but admitted the programme melted any cynicism and left him "blubbing like one of those babies on the neonatal ward".
A controversy over editing emerged during the first season when a member of the Lewisham NHS trust choir, Eddie Chaloner, complained that he had been presented in a "misleading" and "mendacious" way. Mark Lawson of The Guardian commented: "There's no doubt producer-director Pete Cooksley has imposed a storyline on the documentary." However, he concluded that SIng While You Work "is a fascinating debate about the role of the heart in different arts. It is enjoyable general viewing but could be a useful teaching aid in medical schools."
In 2013 Sameer Rahim of The Telegraph described the programmes as "patronising" and "drawn out and manipulative – a knock-off version of a great original", giving it two out of five stars. Ellen Jones of The Independent commented that the show emphasised team spirit so was "a bit light on the kind of 'characters' who entertain in other reality talent shows. Of the P&O choir she said "Individually, none of the choir members would make it to the stage in a Wetherspoon's karaoke competition, yet, together, they can transform a cheesy disco number into something almost sacred". Of the Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service choir she highlighted their rendition of Bruce Springsteen's The Rising as "the most moving moment in the whole series".
Aftermath
Bristol's Royal Mail choir have been used by Royal Mail to promote their stamps, in October 2012 to launch the Christmas stamps and in April 2013, when they released a charity single version of Abide with Me (with Joe McElderry) to promote a set of footballer-themed stamps and raise money for Prostate Cancer UK.
In December 2013, Lewisham NHS Trust choir (from Series 1) released a charity single, Bridge Over You, hoping it would reach Number 1 in the Christmas charts. In December 2015, they released the single yet again in an attempt to reach Christmas Number 1, this time succeeding.
In December 2015, all choirs met again at BBC Two's Gareth Malone's Great Choir Reunion.
In February 2016, Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service Choir (from Series 2) performed The Rising at Ground Zero Plaza and Carnegie Hall.
CitiBank Choir (from Series 2) also keeps singing, they won Office Choir of the Year 2016 Final on 10 February 2016.
References
External links
BBC Sing While You Work Series 2
2010s British music television series
2012 British television series debuts
English-language television shows
BBC reality television shows
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41075099
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/31st%20Wing%20%28Italy%29
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31st Wing (Italy)
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The 31st Wing "Carmelo Raiti" () is a unit of the Italian Air Force.
It assumed its current designation in 1936.
Mission
It has two different institutional missions:
VVIP transportation (highest state and military authorities).
hospital, emergency and humanitarian flights including transportation of severely traumatized people, organs for transplantation, medical teams and equipments and public utility missions in general.
The 31st Wing is based at Rome Ciampino International Airport, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) away from Rome.
Fleet
The 31st Wing fleet is composed of these aircraft:
3 aircraft Airbus ACJ319 MM62174 - MM62209 - MM62243
3 aircraft Dassault Falcon 900 MM62210 - MM62244 - MM62245
2 aircraft Dassault Falcon 50 MM62026 - MM62029
2 helicopters AgustaWestland AW139 MM81806 - MM81807
An Airbus A340-541 I-TALY was leased from Etihad Airways from 2016 to 2018. It operated out of Rome Fiumicino International Airport because of runway restrictions at Ciampino.
See also
List of air transports of heads of state and government
References
External links
Italian Air Force Website (English Version)
Aircraft Records - Italian Air Force Website (English Version)
Air force units and formations of Italy
Military units and formations established in 1936
Air force transport wings
Air transport of heads of state
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41075101
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manly%20N.%20Cutter
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Manly N. Cutter
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Manly N. Cutter (1851 - 1931) was an architect and interior designer associated with work in New Jersey, Boston, New York City, the state of New York, and Alberta, Canada. He is credited with the design of the National Register of Historic Places listed Saint John's Episcopal Church (Ocean Springs, Mississippi) and Church of the Transfiguration (Blue Mountain Lake, New York). He also designed the picturesque Gothic architecture St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church on Broadway in New York City and a church in Medicine Hat (1913–14) in Alberta, Canada (interiors were later completed in 1932).
Career
Cutter was a staff architect for the New York Building Plan Company from 1886 to 1892, designing plans for Colonial architecture and Shingle architecture homes. He authored of their pattern book entitled The New York Building Plan Co. Illustrated Catalogue of Examples of Buildings in 1887. His residential designs in the Shingle Style were published in the Inland Architect (Chicago) in 1893 and 1894. By 1909 Cutter had left New York and opened an office in New Jersey.
With Alex R. Esty, he produced an unexecuted Victorian Gothic architecture design for the Library of Congress. His work appears in The Architectural Sketch Book during the 1870s as a delineator for Esty and others and as an architect. He moved to New York to work for Leopold Eidlitz and others. He designed a Japanese style room in the house of K. G. Marquand on Madison Avenue and 60th Street in New York city. also credited as an Anglo Japanese style room for Henry G. Marquand. His office seems to have been at 160 Broadway in New York City. He authored a plan for fireproofing structures at low cost that came in for criticism.
He died in Hawthorne, New York on April 4, 1931.
The Church of the Transfiguration is made of spruce logs and was the area's first church. It is a small, one-story, gable-roofed building with a cross like plan on a high fieldstone foundation with a central belfry at the west end. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
Work
Saint John's Episcopal Church (Ocean Springs, Mississippi) (1892) on the NW corner of Rayburn and Porter Avenue "based on the design of the Church of the Ascension in Rockville Center, Long Island, New York, by Manly N. Cutter, a New York architect, which was published in The Churchman (July 11, 1891) The plans were prepared by the Rev. Nelson Ayers"
Church of the Transfiguration (Blue Mountain Lake, New York), a late 19th-century log church described by the New York Times as "a rustic-looking log building at Blue Mountain Lake, designed by New York architect Manly N. Cutter and built by Thomas Wallace in 1885". It was photographed by Barry Lobdell.
St. John's Church Oneida, New York
Mott Haven engine company and firehouse (proposed), a three-story $24,000 firehouse at 898 (later re-numbered 618) East 138th Street near Cypress Avenue in 1899 by architect Manly N. Cutter, Deputy Building Superintendent of the Fire Department, but it was not built.
Fireplace in House of H. L. Einstein, Esq. at 44 West 53rd St. New York City
Residence for W. Wilson in New York City (plan)
Designs for Chancel Furniture, St. John's in the Wilderness, Pennsylvania
Ernest Werner Residence plans (Including floor plans) Pompton, New Jersey
C.N. Montayne residence plans Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey (Published in the Inland Architect and News Record)
Catholic Institution Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
Bibliography
Two Years Work in an Architect's Office: Suburban A.L. Chatterton & Company, 1894 - Architecture, Domestic - 204 pages
References
Further reading
The New York Building Plan Co.'s Illustrated Catalogue of Examples of Buildings: Their Exterior and Interior, Prepared Under the Supervision of Manly N. Cutter New York Building Plan Company, Manly N. Cutter Rand Avery Company, 1887 80 pages
Turn-of-the-Century House Designs: With Floor Plans, Elevations and Interior Details of 24 Residences (Dover Architecture)
Architects from New York (state)
American interior designers
1851 births
1931 deaths
People from Hawthorne, New York
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41075110
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bylgjan
|
Bylgjan
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Bylgjan (The Wave) is an Icelandic radio station, run by the media company Sýn. Launched in 1986, it was the first privately owned radio station in Iceland. Bylgjan is broadcast throughout the country from a network of FM transmitters (98.9 MHz is the channel's main frequency in Reykjavík) and also streamed on the internet.
References
See also
Stöð 2
Fréttablaðið
Radio stations in Iceland
Radio stations established in 1986
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41075113
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmiotissa%20Polemidion%20FC
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Karmiotissa Polemidion FC
|
Karmiotissa Football Club (, Karmiotissa Polemidion) is a Cypriot football club based in Pano Polemidia, Limassol. They currently compete in the Cypriot First Division. The club's colors are red and white.
The original home ground of the football team is the Community Stadium of Pano Polemidia. In the season 22-23 they mostly played in Stelios Kyriakides Stadium in Paphos.The club's name comes from the chapel of Virgin Mary Karmiotissa located in Pano Polemidia. Since 2022, Russian businessman Dmitry Punin owns the club.
History
Karmiotissa was founded in 1979, and initially played in the amateur leagues organised by STOK. Their first appearance in a CFA competition came in the 1986–87 season when the club competed in the Fourth Division. The second one came in 2009, when a 4–0 win against Enosi Neon Ypsona earned Karmiotissa promotion to the Fourth Division.
Karmiotissa remained in the fourth division until the 2011–12 season, when a second place finish meant they were promoted to the Third Division. The following season, they earned promotion for the second year in a row by winning the 2012–13 Third Division. Karmiotissa competed in the Second Division until the 2015–16 season, when they won the league to earn promotion to the First Division for the first time ever, however they were not able to avoid relegation in the 2016–17 season. They returned to the top flight in the 2020–21 season, but finished in last place and were relegated once more. Karmiotissa won the Second Division for the second time in the 2021–22 season to return to the First Division.
In 2022, Russian businessman Dmitry Punin acquired the club. Residing in the Limassol area, he is active in wine and real estate business, formerly also in gambling. In the first season under his ownership, Karmiotissa were able to safely avoid relegation from the First Division, finishing in 10th place. In November 2022, the team's emblem was changed. On 8 February 2023, all-time topscorer of the Russian national team Aleksandr Kerzhakov joined Karmiotissa as the new head coach.
Players
Honours
Cypriot Second Division
Champions: 2015–16, 2021–22
Cypriot Third Division
Champions: 2012–13
References
External links
Karmiotissa Official Page
CFA profile
Soccerway profile
Football clubs in Cyprus
Association football clubs established in 1979
1979 establishments in Cyprus
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41075117
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20active%20Croatian%20Navy%20ships
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List of active Croatian Navy ships
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This is a list of active Croatian Navy ships. As of 2013, the Croatian Navy operates over 30 vessels including five missile boats which, along with three MOL coastal defence batteries, represent its main offensive capability.
Due to constant reductions of the defence budget and the ongoing financial crisis, acquisition of new ships has proven to be problematic. The latest ships to enter service with the Croatian Navy were two used Helsinki-class missile boats, which were acquired as an offset agreement to the Croatian purchase of Patria AMV vehicles.
Domestic production programs were limited to continuing existing Yugoslav designs and building a single missile boat () and a small mine hunter (Korčula), both of which took several years to complete.
Plans to start production of domestic patrol vessels (much needed for guarding the 6000 km long coastline) have been reduced and postponed over time with newest plans to start a prototype in 2015. The tender was in May 2014 and as projected, the first vessel will enter service in 2015. The second one will follow in 2016, the third and the fourth in 2017 and the last one in 2018. The units are projected to cost around 10 million euros each.
Missile boats
Patrol boats
Training vessel
Rescue vessel
Minehunter
Landing craft and mine layers
Auxiliary cargo vessels
Yachts
Launch
Harbour tugboats
Sailboats
See also
List of ships of the Yugoslav Navy
References
Navy ships
Ships of the Croatian Navy
Croatia
Lists of currently active military vehicles
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41075149
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladislaus%20II%20K%C3%A1n
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Ladislaus II Kán
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Ladislaus (II) from the kindred Kán (; died 3 January 1278) was a Hungarian baron and landowner, member of the gens Kán.
Biography
He was the son of palatine Ladislaus I (d. after 1247) and an unidentified mother. He had two brothers, including prelate Nicholas, and a sister, the wife of Alexander Aba, progenitor of the Nekcsei family. One of Ladislaus' three sons from his unidentified wife was Ladislaus III, voivode of Transylvania (1295–1314) who became one of the most powerful oligarchs during the interregnum after the death of king Andrew III and ruled Transylvania de facto independently until his death in 1315.
Ladislaus II served as voivode of Transylvania (and thus head of Szolnok County) from 1263 to 1264, when the king's son, Stephen governed Transylvania independently from Béla IV, holding the title of duke of Transylvania. Ladislaus supported the efforts of duke Stephen. In 1263, he led a Hungarian army in alliance with a Bulgarian magnate, Jacob Svetoslav against the re-forming Byzantine Empire. However, along with his brother Julius, he defected to Béla IV in 1264, and led a campaign through the valley of river Maros (Mureș) to invade Transylvania, nevertheless he suffered a serious defeat from the army of Peter Csák at the Fortress of Déva, which functioned as the "royal castle" of Stephen.
Because of his betrayal, he lost his full political influence after the coronation of Stephen V in 1270. This reduction in political power is demonstrated by the fact that he was able to holding an office only after the sudden death of the king, when he served as ispán (comes) of Pozsony County between 1272 and 1273. He was appointed judge royal twice in 1273, which was the second-highest secular position after the palatine. Besides that he also functioned as ispán of Baranya County, Szeben and Bánya ispánates. Between 1275 and 1276, he was the voivode of Transylvania and ispán of Szolnok County for the second term.
References
Sources
Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers. .
Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig – Életrajzi Lexikon ("The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days – A Biographical Encyclopedia") (2nd edition); Helikon Kiadó Kft., Budapest; .
Sălăgean, Tudor (2005). "Romanian Society in the Early Middle Ages (9th–14th Centuries AD)". In: Pop, Ioan-Aurel & Bolovan, Ioan, History of Romania: Compendium. Romanian Cultural Institute (Center for Transylvanian Studies). .
Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 ("Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301"). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest.
1278 deaths
Hungarian nobility
Ladislaus II
Judges royal
Voivodes of Transylvania
Year of birth unknown
13th-century Hungarian people
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41075161
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moto%20G%20%281st%20generation%29
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Moto G (1st generation)
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The Moto G is an Android smartphone developed and manufactured by Motorola Mobility, at the time a subsidiary of Google. Released on 13 November 2013, the phone was initially aimed at emerging markets, although it was also available in developed markets as a low-price option.
After six months on the market, the Moto G became Motorola's best-selling smartphone ever, and was the top selling phone in Mexico and Brazil.
The Moto G was succeeded by the second generation Moto G in September 2014.
Specifications
The phone features a 4.5 inch LCD IPS screen and a Qualcomm Snapdragon 400 quad-core processor clocked at 1.2 GHz, paired with the Adreno 305 GPU running at 450 MHz clock speed. The original operating system was Android 4.3 "Jelly Bean", with later updates to 5.1 "Lollipop".
The phone is closely related to the Moto X that was released three months prior, although there are some key differences despite their similar appearances. The Moto G is not able to have active notifications, quick capture, and touchless control like the Moto X due to the Moto X using a special processor that would be cost-prohibitive for the Moto G. In addition, the Moto G has a removable back cover so that users can customize the phone, instead of the Moto X's sealed back that is held on with an adhesive.
The original Moto G did not support LTE, due to the standard's lack of adoption in emerging markets at that time. On 13 May 2014, Motorola unveiled an updated variant of the phone, the Moto G LTE, which added LTE support, a gyroscope, and a MicroSD card slot. By January 2015 the Android 5.0.2 "Lollipop" OTA update started rolling out and in September 2015, version 5.1 rolled out in India. As of March 2015, Motorola has been slowly upgrading handsets. Motorola started releasing the 5.1 update for Google Play Edition on April 2, 2015. In the United Kingdom, the 5.1 update started on June 12, 2015.
Availability
The Moto G was released first in Brazil and some parts of Europe. It was released in Canada and the United States on 22 November 2013 and 2 December 2013 respectively. In India, the Moto G was released on 6 February 2014 in an exclusive deal with e-commerce company Flipkart. The Moto G Google Play edition is a global GSM model available unlocked from Google Play. In the United States, the Moto G was available for Verizon, Republic Wireless, Boost Mobile, Sprint (Sprint Prepaid), Cricket Wireless, U.S. Cellular, Straight Talk and Consumer Cellular customers.
3G variants
Wind Mobile in Canada distribute an AWS version that appears to be using a modified XT1032 baseband.
LTE variants
All LTE variants have 8 GB storage and microSD card slot that supports cards of up to 32 GB.
Critical reception
Digital Trends – Editor's Choice Award
IT Pro Portal – Best Buy Award
Trusted Reviews – Product of the Year at the 2013 TrustedReviews Awards
Trusted Reviews – Best phone under £250 of 2013
Expert Reviews – Best budget smartphone up to February 2014
PC Advisor – Best budget smartphone up to May 2014
References
External links
Android (operating system) devices
Motorola smartphones
Mobile phones introduced in 2013
Discontinued smartphones
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41075163
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Crichton%20%28American%20football%29
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Scott Crichton (American football)
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Scott Jackson Crichton (born October 30, 1991) is a former American football defensive end. He played college football at Oregon State and was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the third round, 72nd overall of the 2014 NFL Draft.
High school
Crichton was born in Tacoma, Washington to immigrant parents from Samoa. Crichton attended Henry Foss High School, where he was a three-year letterman at defensive end and linebacker, but also played some tight end. He was named the Narrows League Defensive MVP after collecting 78 solo tackles as a senior. He was also named to the Washington 4A First Team All-State, and was the Tacoma Weekly Player of the Year.
Crichton also competed in track & field at Henry Foss. As a senior in 2009, he posted personal-best throws of 13.39 meters (43 feet, 10 inches) in the shot put and 37.61 meters (123 feet, 4 inches) in the discus. In addition, he was also timed at 4.6 seconds in the 40-yard dash.
Considered a three-star recruit by Rivals.com, Crichton was rated as the 44th best defensive end prospect in the nation and the 12th best player in the state of Washington. He committed to Oregon State on January 16, 2010. He also had a scholarship offer from Washington State.
College career
As a freshman in 2010, Crichton redshirted but earned defensive scout team Co-MVP. In 2011, he had a sensational season as a redshirt-freshman after finishing the season with 74 tackles including 14.5 tackles for loss, tops in the nation among freshmen, a team-leading six sacks and six forced fumbles. He was named to the College Football News Freshman All-American team. He continued where he left off, recording 44 total and setting career highs in tackles for loss (17.5) and sacks (9), on his way to being named a first team All-Pac-12 selection. In 2013, he finished his season with 47 tackles, including 19 for a loss, 7.5 sacks and three forced fumbles, earning second team all conference honors.
On January 4, 2014, he announced he would forgo his senior season and enter the 2014 NFL Draft.
Statistics
Professional career
Rated as one of the best prospects at his position (defensive end), Crichton was projected as a second-round draft choice by CBSSports.com.
Minnesota Vikings
Crichton was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings with the 8th pick in the 3rd round (72nd overall) of the 2014 NFL Draft. In the 2014 season, Crichton played in 8 games with 0 starts. On December 10, 2015, Crichton suffered a concussion in the Minnesota Vikings' loss to the Arizona Cardinals. Then on December 19, 2015, Crichton was placed on Injured Reserve. Before his 2015 season prematurely ended, Crichton played in 13 games with 0 starts.
On August 31, 2016, Crichton was placed on injured reserve after clearing waivers.
On March 24, 2017, Crichton was released by the Vikings.
Buffalo Bills
On March 27, 2017, Crichton was claimed off waivers by the Buffalo Bills. Two days later, he was waived by the Bills after failing a physical.
References
External links
Minnesota Vikings bio
Oregon State Beavers bio
1991 births
Living people
American football defensive ends
American sportspeople of Samoan descent
Buffalo Bills players
Minnesota Vikings players
Oregon State Beavers football players
Players of American football from Tacoma, Washington
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41075194
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byron%20Russell
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Byron Russell
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Byron Russell (1884 – 1963) was an Irish character actor, best known for is performance as Quintal in the 1935 film Mutiny on the Bounty.
Biography
Born in Ireland in 1884, Russell's first film appearance was in the 1920 American silent film The World and His Wife. He appeared in eleven films prior to the outbreak of World War II, often playing authority figures. After the war, Russell turned his attention to television work, appearing in numerous roles, predominantly in televised plays, between 1949 and 1960.
Russell also appeared on the Broadway stage from 1913 until 1959, notably in the 1929 revival of Eugene O'Neill's Glencairn series of plays.
Russell died in 1963 in New York City.
Filmography
References
1884 births
1963 deaths
People from Clonmel
Irish male silent film actors
Irish male film actors
Irish male stage actors
Irish male television actors
Irish expatriate male actors in the United States
20th-century Irish male actors
Actors from County Tipperary
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41075211
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladislaus%20K%C3%A1n%20%28disambiguation%29
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Ladislaus Kán (disambiguation)
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Ladislaus Kán (; ) may refer to:
Ladislaus I Kán (d. after 1247)
Ladislaus II Kán (d. 1278)
Ladislaus III Kán (d. 1315)
Ladislaus IV Kán
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41075243
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heriberto%20Ju%C3%A1rez
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Heriberto Juárez
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Heriberto Juárez (March 16, 1932 – August 26, 2008) was a self-taught Mexican sculptor, known for his depictions of women and animals, especially bulls. As a youth he wanted to be a bullfighter but gave this up when he found he could sell figures he made. While never formally trained, he had over seventy individual exhibitions of his work in Mexico and the United States and his work can be found in prominent public and private collections.
Life
Juárez was born in San Juan Teotihuacán, the modern town near the archeological site of the same name north of Mexico City .
As a child, he reproduced in clay the pre Hispanic figurines he found in the countryside. His life since very young, was tied to livestock. As a boy he would lead his father's bull down the main street to water, even though the animal weighed over 800 kilos, proud he could do this. He also had his own horse on which he took long rides. He lived close to the slaughterhouse and some of his friends jumped the fence to fight the bulls. He participated as well and decided to become a bullfighter. As such he was gored several times, once seriously, which resulted in two weeks in the hospital. This led his family to oppose this activity but Juárez was stubborn and continued. It was only when he was stuck in Guadalajara without money for food, he decided to change. Bored, he made a clay figure of Lorenzo Garza, a noted Mexican matador. His friends were surprised by its quality and suggested he sell it, which it did, quickly. It was followed by many more and helped him to survive.
While he continued to develop his art, he never studied formally.
He died in 2008.
Career
He began his art career in 1961 and since then has had over seventy individual exhibitions and participated in over forty collective ones. These include MACAY in Mérida (2008), Jockey Club of Mexico (2006), Museo de la Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público in Mexico City (2005), Townsend Gallery in Los Angeles (2002), Galería Arroyo de la Plata in Zacatecas (2002), Elaine Baker Gallery in Boca Raton (1999), Museo de Irapuato in Irapuato (1998), Cámara de Diputados in Mexico City (1996), Mexico City Airport (1994), Robert Brady Museum in Cuernavaca (1993), PEMEX (1991), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (1990, 2007), Tec de Monterrey, Campus Estado de México (1989), Centro Cultural Mexiquense (1989), Museo de Arte Moderno (1988), Galería Misrachi in Mexico City (1988,1992), Salón de la Plástica Mexicana (1986), Machorro Gallery in Houston (1982), Premrou Gallery in New York (1981), Museo de Arte e Historia in Ciudad Juárez (1978, 1984), Mexican Consulate in San Antonio (1976), Museo de Charreria in Mexico City (1974), Museo de Bellas Artes in Toluca (1974), Centro Deportivo Israelita in Mexico City (1971), National Conservatory of Music in Mexico City (1970), Museo Michoacano in Morelia (1970), Casa de la Paz in Mexico City, (1979), Casa de la Cultura in Morelia (1968), Casa del Lago, Mexico City (1968), Galeria Tasende in Acapulco (1968), Escuela National de Artes Plásticas (1965), Galería Excelsior in Mexico City (1963), O.P.I.C in San Antonio (1963), Galería 1567 in Mexico City (1962) and the Galería Chapultepec in Mexico City (1962) .
His work can be found in the Rali Foundation museum in Chile, Uruguay and Israel, The Art Museum in Boca Raton, Florida, the Museum of Latin American Art in Long Beach, California, the Rockefeller Foundation in New York, the JP Morgan Bank in Mexico and the J. Walter Thompson Art Collection in New York. A piece called "Caballo con jinete" can be found at the Swedish embassy in Mexico and in 1998, the Universidad de las Américas Pueblas opened the Heriberto Juárez Sculpture Garden which contains over 100 of his pieces.
1n 1999, two books on his work were published: Los dibujos de Heriberto Juárez and Heriberto Juárez, Platería. In 2008, Heriberto Juárez. Escultura y pintura was published.
In recognition of his work, Juárez was accepted as a member of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana .
In 2010 the Museo Regional de la Laguna in Torreón, Coahuila had a retrospective of his work, specially to allow children and the visually-impaired touch the sculptures.
Artistry
Although he had no formal artistic training, he did learn from sculptor Juan Soriano and from a carver named Juan de la Cruz. However, most of his learning came from trips to different countries, studying the works of the Greeks, Egyptians, Mesoamericans, Henry Moore, Picasso and Rodin .
Women are depicted with curved shapes, especially to emphasize the maternal in poses that create concave spaces for balance. He recalls "My mother’s live had to be divided among her eight children. I think that is why I like to interpret women in my sculptures. The female figure allows me to express what I admired as a boy: tenderness, strength, femininity, sensuality." He transferred much of what he learned as a bullfighter to his art, learning as much as he can about his subject before working on the piece. When he creates male forms, they generally resemble Atlas, a horse rider or a matador, using lives and concepts related to force.
Common elements in his work include pigeons, the human figure, horses and especially bulls. Despite the short list, none of these depictions repeat. All are distinct. He has particularly depicted bulls in a wide variety of sizes, shapes, textures and colors. Pigeons come in second place which he generally depicts in simple lines in materials such as bronze, marble and onyx .
He advocated that Mexican art should reflect Mexican thought and life.
References
1932 births
2008 deaths
Artists from the State of Mexico
20th-century Mexican sculptors
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41075253
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%3AName
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Re:Name
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Re:Name is a song by Japanese recording artist Ai Otsuka, released as single on October 3, 2013 by Avex Trax.
Background
"Re:Name" is Otsuka's first single to celebrate her tenth anniversary in the music industry. Written by Otsuka herself (under the pen name aio), it was her first solo single in three years, after her hiatus and subsequent begin as vocalist in band Rabbit.
To promote the single, a month before its release, "Re:Name" was used as in NTV's programs Pon! and Music Dragon, as ending and opening themes respectively. The music video of the song was uploaded on September 15, 2013 on Avex Network's YouTube Channel.
Track listings
Digital download
"Re:Name" – 4:53
"Hello Me" – 4:10
CD
"Re:Name" – 4:54
"Hello Me" – 4:14
– 3:37
"Re:Name" (Instrumental) – 4:55
"Hello Me" (Instrumental) – 4:08
DVD
"Re:Name" (Music Clip)
"Re:Name" (Making)
References
2013 singles
Ai Otsuka songs
2013 songs
Avex Trax singles
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41075258
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand%20flute
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Hand flute
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The hand flute, or handflute, is a musical instrument made out of the player's hands. It is also called a 'Hand ocarina' or 'Hand whistle'. To produce sound, the player creates a chamber of air with their hands, into which they blow air via an opening at the thumbs. There are two common techniques involving the shape of the hand chamber: the "cupped hand" technique and the "interlock" technique.
The pitch depends on how the hands are held. If the space between the hands is made smaller or the opening made larger, the pitch becomes higher: the principles are the same with an ocarina or Helmholtz resonator; see vessel flute for details of the acoustics. The best hand flute players in the world have a range of up to 2.5 octaves.
See also
Flute
Ocarina
Wolf-whistling
Whistle register
Whistled language
Whistling
References
External links
Handflute Marathon by several hand flute players on YouTube
Performance by the group "Childhood" on YouTube
Performances by Peter Hassell on YouTube
Aerophones
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41075260
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Reedy
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Ron Reedy
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Ronald Reedy is an American businessman, scientist and researcher. In the semiconductor industry, he advanced silicon on sapphire (SOS) and CMOS technology.
Education
In 1969, Reedy graduated from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis with a BSEE. He then earned a MSEE degree from Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey. In 1983, he received his Ph.D. in EE & Applied Physics from UC San Diego.
Career
Reedy began his career at the NOSC (US Naval Ocean Systems Center) where he worked on silicon CMOS processing. In 1988, Reedy along with NOSC colleagues Mark Burgener and Graham Garcia published a research paper in IEEE Electron Device Letters that proved that SOS films thinned to 100 nm were suitable for application to high-performance down-scaled CMOS circuitry. It was with this advancement that Reedy decided to commercialize the technology. Their research findings were instrumental to the industry and have since been cited in 13 IEEE research papers and 58 patents.
In 1990, Reedy co-founded Peregrine Semiconductor to commercialize the advanced technology. Peregrine became a fabless chip designer that was publicly traded on the NASDAQ until the company was acquired by Murata in December 2014 for $471 million. Reedy served as the company's founding CEO and the company's CTO before retiring in early 2015. Reedy now holds the title of CTO emeritus of Peregrine Semiconductor.
In 2016, Reedy came out of retirement and founded Skeyeon, the first company based on placing a satellite constellation in Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) for the earth imaging market. There are numerous benefits to operating in VLEO that are not available in higher altitude LEO and GEO orbits, where most satellites and the International Space Station operate, including inherently higher satellite performance; substantially lower launch and operating costs; and creating self-cleaning orbits essentially solving the significant problem of space debris. Skeyeon has developed technology enabling VLEO operation for many different applications, and is actively developing its first satellites for launch.
Reedy sits on the Council of Advisors for UCSD's Jacobs School of Engineering and its Gordon Leadership Center.
Over the course of his career, Reedy has been listed as an inventor on dozens of patents. Many of those patents are related to advancements in silicon on insulator, silicon on sapphire and CMOS.
Awards and recognition
In 2011, Reedy and co-founder Mark Burgener were awarded the IEEE Daniel E. Noble Award for Emerging Technologies for their contribution"to make silicon on sapphire (SOS) technology commercially feasible for wireless communications." The IEEE Noble award is presented annually to individuals who made a significant contribution to emerging technologies.
See also
Peregrine Semiconductor
Silicon on sapphire
References
External links
UCSD Gordon Center Ron Reedy speaking at the Gordon Engineering Leadership Forum
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American electrical engineers
United States Naval Academy alumni
University of California, San Diego alumni
Naval Postgraduate School alumni
Engineers from California
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41075271
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will%20You%20Remember%3F
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Will You Remember?
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Will You Remember was an early American television series which aired in 1944 starting either June or July, and likely ended in early 1945. Broadcast on CBS station WCBW, it was originally picked up for a season of 13 weeks and appears to have been extended beyond that.
Reception
The December 9, 1944 edition of Billboard magazine reviewed an episode saying "Vera Massey, in Will You Remember?, improved over last week. Tonight her songs and soliloquies were better chosen and faster paced. She was sentimental, not sloppy. New twist had her at a window talking to her overseas husband. As she turned to walk to the piano, stagehands noise-lessly removed the wall and window, and camera moved in while the other (inside the room) took over for a couple of seconds. She had taken only a few steps before camera one caught up and record the rest of her movement from the window. It was a nice touch".
Episode status
Methods to record live television did not exist prior to late 1947, and as such the series is lost.
References
External links
Will You Remember? at IMDb
1944 American television series debuts
1945 American television series endings
1940s American variety television series
Black-and-white American television shows
English-language television shows
Lost television shows
American live television series
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41075285
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium%20hydrogen%20sulfate
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Rubidium hydrogen sulfate
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Rubidium hydrogen sulfate, sometimes referred to as rubidium bisulfate, is the half neutralized rubidium salt of sulfuric acid. It has the formula RbHSO4.
Synthesis
It may be synthesised with water and a stoichiometric amount of rubidium disulfate. Reaction takes place where there is no humidity:
{Rb2S2O7} + H2O -> 2RbHSO_4
There is another method of creation. It is similar to the synthesis of sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate. This reaction requires rubidium chloride and a little bit of warm sulfuric acid. Some hydrogen chloride is also produced during the reaction.
{H2SO4} + RbCl -> {RbHSO4} + HCl
Properties
It is a hygroscopic compound. It has a monoclinic crystal structure, its structure is P21/n. Dimensions of the unit cell are: a = 1440 pm, b = 462.2 pm, c = 1436 pm and β = 118.0°. Its crystals are isomorphs with ammonium hydrogen sulfate crystals.
Its standard enthalpy is −1166 kJ/mol. During its dissolution in water, there is 15.62 kJ/mol energy produced.
After warming up it decomposes to rubidium disulfate and water:
2RbHSO4 -> Rb2S2O7 + H2O
Like potassium and caesium, rubidium has another hydrogen sulfate compound as well: Rb3H(SO4)2.
References
Rubidium compounds
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41075299
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory%20and%20History
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Theory and History
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Theory and History: An Interpretation of Social and Economic Evolution is a treatise by Austrian school economist and philosopher Ludwig von Mises. It can be thought of as a continuation in the development of the Misesian system of social science. In particular, it provides further epistemological support for his earlier works, esp. Human Action. Most notably, Mises elaborates on methodological dualism, develops the concept of thymology – a historical branch of the sciences of human action – and presents his critique of Marxist materialism.
Furthermore, Mises puts forward a theory of knowledge and value. He later explores and critically analyzes paradigms of thought like determinism, materialism, dialectic materialism, historicism, scientism, positivism, behaviorism and psychology. He argues that these schools of thought – some politically motivated, others blinded by dogmatism – have committed epistemological and methodological blunders and are not conducive to a scientific understanding of human behavior.
Economist Murray Rothbard considered Theory and History to be Mises's most overlooked work.
Synopsis
Mises presents the book in four parts.
Introduction and Part One – Value:
The first part sets the overall theme of the book with Mises introducing the concept of methodological dualism. He then expounds a theory of value that is central throughout. Regarding his view on science – as systematic body of knowledge, of both natural and social phenomena – as a means to successful action in the world, Mises argues that in order to properly understand human behavior we must attribute – as a methodological resort – volition and purpose to human behaviour. Mises considers this the epistemological and methodological basis of the sciences of human action. The branch that deals with the logical implications of action as such is called praxeology.
Part Two – Determinism and Materialism:
In the second part, Mises weighs in on the free will vs. determinism controversy and comments that the long historical debates did little to settle the problems at hand. He argues that while the natural sciences, in discovering scientific laws, must presuppose a strict regularity in the occurrence of causes and effects, i.e. determinism, such a presupposition cannot be held in the case of human action. He argues further that the social sciences must take thoughts, ideas, and judgments of value as ultimately given in the analysis of human action. Our ignorance of the origins and causes of these phenomena, Mises argues, forces us – at least for the time being – to adopt a dualistic approach. He contends that attempts to find the origins and causes of these phenomena are vain, as is the task of all varieties of materialism. Mises then turns his attention to the doctrine of materialism, more specifically, that of Marxist dialectical materialism.
Part Three – Epistemological Problems of History:
The third part deals with the logical and epistemological problems of historical analysis. Mises explains the individualistic character of historical human events. He argues that the historian must ultimately face – when tracing back the causal factors behind past human action – a point at which no further reduction is possible, i.e. the ideas and actions of individuals. This, he claims, is the "ultimate given of history". In spite of the individuality of historical events, Mises still insists there are general laws of human behaviour but that they are praxeological laws, i.e. a priori, not historical laws, i.e. a posteriori. However, historicism, according to Mises, claimed there were no general laws – especially economic laws – of human behavior. Mises then enters into a critique of historicism.
Mises also addresses the challenges of scientism in the context of social science, namely the application of positivism and behaviorism in the realm of human action. However, more noteworthy is Mises's presentation of thymology, a historical branch of the sciences of human action. Mises argues that thymology is what everybody resorts to when trying to understand and anticipate the historical and future actions of their fellow men, and is particularly useful to the historian. He then expounds the scope of thymology and its relation to praxeology.
Part Four – The Course of History:
In the final part of his treatise, Mises dissects and critiques various speculations and interpretations of history, including a common interpretation of modern Western civilization. He also comments on his observation regarding society's move away from classical liberalism, freedom, and capitalism towards socialism and totalitarianism. Moreover, Mises notes the rising ideology of wealth and income equality and speculates on its origins. He argues that rising anti-capitalistic ideology is fostering a present trend toward the impoverishment of society. He criticizes the notion of society's inevitable "trend toward progress", and argues that the evolution of society and civilization is predicated – not on an automatic and inevitable path – but on the underlying ideology which can, at any time, change. To this point, Mises closes with some remarks on the uncertainty of the future and the neglect of ideological factors that can give rise to civilization but also stamp it out.
See also
Praxeology, the study of human action
Human Action
Ludwig von Mises Institute
References
1957 non-fiction books
Books by Ludwig von Mises
Classical liberalism
Contemporary philosophical literature
Books about the philosophy of history
Philosophy of social science
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41075312
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Berry%20%28missionary%29
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Richard Berry (missionary)
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Richard Berry (25 March 1824 – 20 January 1908) was an English ship's captain who became a City Missionary in Adelaide, South Australia.
History
Captain Berry was born at the seaport of Ilfracombe, in Devonshire, and early resolved on the life of a sailor. He went to sea with an uncle for a couple of voyages, and amongst his companions on board ship he was known as the boy who did not drink. He was a determined teetotaler and fervent religious adherent. He married when a comparatively young man, and subsequently accepted the position of missionary on the east coast of Scotland for the Scottish Coast Mission Committee. Whilst in that position he met Captain George Johnston, who was visiting Scotland for the purpose of obtaining a steamboat for the River Murray trade. Johnston had secured the boat and the crew, and offered the captaincy to Berry. He had not been at sea for many years, but he was anxious to see Australia, and on 1 February 1866 he sailed the steamer Murray, set up as a schooner, for Australia and Victor Harbor was reached on 17 June.
In 1867 Captain Berry accepted the position of city missionary at the Adelaide City Mission, the centre of its operations then being in Ackland Street, off Pirie Street east, where he discharged his duties efficiently. He took a keen interest in the Adelaide Benevolent and Strangers' Friend Society, and at one period also acted as religious instructor to the Yatala Labor Prison, which he visited weekly. Captain Berry labored steadily on at the Ackland street Mission among the poor and needy in the city, and had the satisfaction of seeing it grow to such an extent that larger premises became necessary. The commodious building on the west side of Light Square was erected; the Hon. John Darling contributing £500 to defray the cost. He was city missionary for 20 years, until a shrinkage in subscriptions was used by the committee to cut his salary then installed him in the newly established East Adelaide City Mission, a post he only relinquished when the infirmities of age compelled him to retire.
He died at his home in Gilberton.
His son may have been the secretary of the Port Adelaide Society of Marine Engineers.
References
1824 births
1908 deaths
20th-century Australian philanthropists
English Protestant missionaries
Protestant missionaries in Australia
English emigrants to Australia
19th-century Australian philanthropists
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41075417
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafmejan
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Lafmejan
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Lafmejan or Lafmajan (), also rendered as Lafmujan or Lafmudzhan, may refer to:
Bala Mahalleh-ye Lafmejan
Pain Mahalleh-ye Lafmejan
Lafmejan Rural District
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41075418
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution%20of%20Imam%20Khomeini%27s%20Order
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Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order
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The Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order (EIKO) (, Setâd-e Ejrây-ye Farmân-e Emâm), also known as the Executive Headquarters of Imam's Directive or simply Setad, is a parastatal organization in the Islamic Republic of Iran, under direct control of the Supreme Leader of Iran. It was created from thousands of properties confiscated in the aftermath of the 1979 Islamic Revolution. A Reuters investigation found that the organization built "its empire on the systematic seizure of thousands of properties belonging to ordinary Iranians", also seizing property from members of religious minorities, business people and Iranians living abroad; at times falsely claiming that the properties were abandoned.
Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini originally ordered three of his aides to take care of and distribute the confiscated property to charity. However, under Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the organization has been acquiring property for itself. It has grown into a major center of economic power in Iran. Holdings include large amounts of real estate and 37 companies, covering nearly every sector of Iranian industry, including finance, oil, and telecommunications. While its accounts are secret even to the Iranian parliament, a 2013 estimate by Reuters news agency put the total value of Setad's holdings at $95 billion (made up of about $52 billion in real estate and $43 billion in corporate holdings). In 2013, the U.S. Department of the Treasury imposed sanctions on the organization and some of its corporate holdings, referring to it as "a massive network of front companies hiding assets on behalf of ... Iran's leadership."
History
The organization was launched on April 26, 1989, when the first Supreme Leader of Iran, "The Imam" Ruhollah Khomeini, issued a two-paragraph order directed three of his aides to manage, maintain or sell properties confiscated or "supposedly abandoned during the chaotic years following" the 1979 Islamic Revolution. The order called for the implementation of Article 49 of Constitution of Iran under which the government had the right to confiscate all wealth accumulated through illegal means, restore "it to its legitimate owners"; and if those owners could not be identified, entrust it "to the public treasury".
Aides of Khomeini — Habibollah Asgaroladi, Mehdi Karroubi and Hassan Sane'i — were appointed by him in the order, to take over all "sales, servicing and managing" of assets "of unknown ownership and without owners." The aides were to help "as much as possible" seven bonyads and charities specified by Khomeini, such as the Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs, State Welfare Organization of Iran. The "families of the martyrs, veterans, the missing, prisoners of war and the downtrodden" were to be given aid. According to Reuters, one of the three co-founders of Setad, Mehdi Karoubi, wrote in 2009 that the organization was originally intended "to operate for no more than two years". Khomeini died about a month after giving his order, and the organization did not disband but developed and grew for more than two decades into a vast parastatal known as the Setad Ejraiye Farmane Hazrate Emam - "the Headquarters for Executing the Order of the Imam" — under the second Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei. According to Reuters, the organization has since been acquiring property for itself through a systematic seizure of thousands of properties belonging to ordinary Iranians, religious minorities, business people and Iranians living abroad; at times falsely claiming that the properties were abandoned.
Leadership
Mohammad Shariatmadari was appointed as the leader of Setad by order of Ali Khamenei in 1994. Iranians who have served in the running or overseeing of Setad include Mohammad Javad Iravani, who took over as head of Setad in 1997, and Mohammad Mokhber, who became the CEO in 2007.
In 2009, Mohammad Saeedikia, a former Iranian minister of housing and urban development, was named the chairman of the Setad subsidiary Tadbir Construction Development Group. Aref Norozi served on the board of Tadbir Investment and was head of Setad's real-estate division. As of 2013, Ali Ashraf Afkhami was "identified" as the head of the Tadbir Economic Development Group. As of June 2013, Mohammad Reyshahri, a former intelligence minister, was chairman of Rey Investment Co, appointed by Khamenei.
In 2021, the members of the Board of Trustees of the "Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order" elected Aref Norouzi as the head of the executive staff.
The current head of the "Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order" is Parviz Fattah.
Organization
Generally, Setad has consisted of two main foundations: the Barakat Foundation that "has the duty of eliminating poverty and empowering poor communities" and Tadbir Economic Development Group to "set up an investment management firm".
Barakat Foundation
On 11 December 2007, based on the sentence of the second Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei, "I'm concerned about solving problems of the deprived classes of the society. For instance, solve problems of 1000 villages completely. How good would it be if 1000 points of the country are solved or 1000 schools are built in the country", the Barakat Foundation has been established to solve the problems of in needed people and make habitable the deprived region where poor people live.
The Mechanism of Barakat Foundation is summarized in eight steps. First, the region to implement the Poverty Reduction Project is selected. Then, by choosing the consultant (or experts) and holding meetings, studies on the status of capacities of development at the target area and on the basis of the formulation and implementation of the plan, it is considered as the agenda. After completing the establishment mechanism for implementing the plan and ways for Financing support and education steps, the project begins to operate economically and after the evaluation and documentation of the process of carrying out the project, the Barakat Foundation will be removed from the implementation process. Finally, the project is donated to people for economic activity. This process was called Sunshine in order to Poverty Reduction through the participation of local communities. The Foundation mainly has concentrated on the entrepreneurship of needy people.
Tadbir Economic Development Group
Ten years after establishing EIKO, Tadbir Economic Development Group was founded as the economic group of EIKO. Now it is a stockholder of many oil and non-oil companies.
Services
EIKO (also known as Setad) is one of the service organizations in Iran, that through the Barakat Foundation has invested 84 trillion Rials for removing poverty and preparing services to poor people in the economic and social area from 20 December 2007. One of the most important measures of the Barakat is the efforts of entrepreneurship in the deprived areas of the country. The foundation has created 322 economic entrepreneurship projects with 58 trillion Rials investment for job opportunity of 198,000 people. Constructing 1030 schools with 8000 classrooms (setting up a contract to construct 1357 school) in the deprived regions has turned Setad as an organization to prepare the educational facility for the poor student. Construction home for low-income (11000 homes) and investing in 110 civil infrastructure projects included water and power supply, road construction,building of cultural and religious accommodation in poor regions of the country (800 Mosques, Prayer Rooms (Mosalla), and residence for religious teachers in remote rural regions, and also constructed centers for religious educations are other efforts of the Barakat Foundation. Establishing 4 centers of Cancer Recognition & Treatment, along with 11 hospitals, and 153 Health Care Centers in poor regions around the country, Cure the Infertility of young and treat 273 young couples to elimination the infertility are the important actions of Setad to prepare cure services. Also, this organization tries to fight deforestation in Iran, especially in southern provinces like Khuzestan Province, Ilam Province and gardens and Urban Green Space.
During the 2019 Iran floods, in order to help to flood-stricken people, EIKO prepared essential equipment for flood-stricken people and furnished facilities (fridges, washing machines, carpets, and other necessary elements) for 15,000 families and provided 4,000 cattle of 9,000 killed by the flood for families living in villages. Some temporary clinics have been established to cure wounded and give medicine. The Barakat Foundation performed most of aids as the representative of EIKO. In other hands, the organization ensured, EIKO will be able to "provide some 3,000 job opportunities" for citizens.
The polypill, drugs to lower blood pressure, is produced in Iran by the support of EIKO was designed 14 years ag and called "PolyIran". According to the study was conducted by doctors from Tehran University, the University of Birmingham in Britain and other institutions and published by The Lancet, it worked quite well in a new study, slashing the rate of heart attacks by more than half among those who regularly took the pills. The pill in the study, which involved the participation of 6,800 rural villagers aged 50 to 75 in Iran, contained a cholesterol-lowering statin, two blood-pressure drugs and a low-dose aspirin.
"Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order" has also done other services for needy people, such as: the distribution of 2,000 dowries and 1,000 stationery packages for poor people, giving 3,000 wheelchairs to needy disabled individuals, preparing 2,000 food packages for Nikshahr students who were involved in nutritional problems, the establishment of "Ehsan Sports places" in deprived areas, and so on.
Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order and the Barakat Foundation (in cooperation with the Ministry of Health) have pursued/implemented the issue of Telehealth. According to the minister of Health, Saeed Namaki: "... This great scientific work helps us in order to utilize a tool called "telemedicine" in these (far) areas of the country. This new approach (telemedicine) allows us to increase productivity in Islamic Republic of Iran's specialized manpower and have health justice in the farthest areas of Iran. He also added, "it began in the farthest and most deprived parts of the country."
COVID-19 pandemic
According to the Tasnim news agency, Southwest Asia's largest factory producing face masks in Iran was opened by Mohammad Mokhber, director of the Headquarters for Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order in April 2020. The factory is able to "produce 4 million masks per month". According to the report of EIKO's officials, the EIKO has provided several medical facilities to fight with the coronavirus pandemic in Iran, including " 25 million three-layered and N95 masks, launching a production line of medical masks, production of Iranian test kit for coronavirus infection, research on the medicine of the disease, launching the 4030 phone line with the help of 2,200 doctors and paramedics for answering people's questions about coronavirus, making oxygen concentrator (with producing 50 machines every day), production of 400,000 liters of disinfectant gel".
The production line of "Corona Immediate Diagnosis Kit" was inaugurated by the Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order on 17 November 2020; which made Iran among the 3 countries of the world who have produced "Corona Immediate Diagnosis Kit". This kit is able to detect COVID-19 infection in less than 20 minutes in any environment/area.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
According to the Young Journalists Club: "The head of the Information-Center of the Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order announced the human-injection of the first phase of clinical studies of the Iranian corona vaccine on December 29, 2020; The first phase of human testing of the vaccine began with the injection for 56 volunteers. The second and the third group of the volunteers were also injected with the vaccine. According to the head of the vaccine production team at the SETAD, the results show that this vaccine also neutralizes the British mutated COVID-19 virus. This vaccine has passed its phase 2 and 3 clinical studies; and its consumption license has been issued on 13 June 2021. This Iranian vaccine is called COVIran Barakat.
Economic activities
Based on the order of Imam Khomeini, the EIKO was responsible to manage properties that had been abandoned during following years of the 1979 Islamic Revolution and consume them for charity aids. In other words, Setad is described as an organization for custody of "the properties with no owners". To organize such these properties, In Iran Islamic Revolutionary Court issues the final confiscation order and Setad attends to the management and disposal in any form. In 2013, Reuters news agency reported that the conglomerate has been built on "the systematic seizure of thousands of properties belonging to ordinary Iranians", not only the officially persecuted Baháʼís, but "Shi'ite Muslims, business people and Iranians living abroad", but this claim only functions as a muffled disclaimer. Owners of confiscated property complain that Setad is a "methodical moneymaking scheme" using court orders obtained "under false pretenses to seize properties". The owners of the property are then pressured "to buy the property back or pay huge fees to recover them". In expanding its corporate holdings, Setad has acquired dozens of Iranian companies and stakes in other companies both private and public. Setad officials state that their assets have been acquired legitimately, and part of the profits from acquisition go to charity. One of the owners is Vahdat-e-Hagh who claims that she lost three apartments in a multi-story building in Tehran, "built with the blood of herself and her husband." She also says her late husband Hussein was imprisoned in 1981 because he began working for a gas company that had been set up to assist unemployed members of the Baháʼí Faith, and finally executed a year later, but according to Reuters reporters Hussein had been a lieutenant in the military regime of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi and by this way could get three apartments.
As of 2008, Setad's real estate holding was reportedly worth about $52 billion. The organization regularly conducts large auctions of its real estate - at least 59 as of November 2013. In one auction in May 2013, "nearly 300 properties" where for sale, "the required opening bids totaled about $88 million". Setad's stakes in publicly traded companies totaled nearly $3.4 billion as of 2013. It controls many businesses in which it holds very small stakes. In one case, it "transformed" the formerly liberal, privately owned Parsian Bank—Iran's largest non-state bank in 2006—with new managers, a new strict dress code, etc. despite having only a small stake (estimated to be 16%) in ownership. Rey Investment Co., a Setad subsidiary, has been accused of pressuring Iran's biggest dealer of German automobiles to sell its sell his stake in his auto dealership.
One of the group's earliest steps to move beyond holding property took place in 2000 when an investment management firm called Tadbir Investment Co. was set up.
By 2006, the organization "had amassed billions of dollars" in property seized from Iranian citizens, and sanctions against the Islamic Republic by the US and UN were intensifying. The organization determined that large diversified conglomerates, such as the South Korean Chaebol, helped developing economies such as Iran's growing faster. To make a conglomerate out of Setad, the organization expanded its corporate holdings, assisted by helpful bureaucratic and judicial orders.
By 2008 one managing director in Setad declared the group had been transformed "from a collective that sells property into an economic conglomerate". According to Reuters news agency the organization acquired a stake in "a major bank" (Parsian Bank) in 2007 and in "Iran's largest telecommunications company" in 2009. In 2010 it took control of Rey Investment Co, valued by the US Treasury Department at $40 billion at the time. By 2013, Setad had real estate, corporate stakes and other assets worth an estimated $95 billion (in comparison, Iran's oil exports for 2012 were worth only $68 billion). It was able to evade the US and UN sanctions with "complex network of front companies and subsidiaries" in foreign countries. In June 2013 the US Treasury Department imposed sanctions on Setad itself, which it called "a massive network of front companies hiding assets on behalf of ... Iran's leadership."
Political advantage
As an organ of the Supreme Leader, Setad is not overseen by the "Islamic Consultative Assembly" (Iranian Parliament). According to the Reuters, it is the third dimension in Khamenei's power, giving him financial independence from parliament and the national budget, and thus "insulating him from Iran's messy factional infighting". The "revenue stream" provided by Setad, "helps explain" why Khamenei has not only held on for 24 years, but also "in some ways has more control than even his revered predecessor", Reuters wrote.
Tax
According to Sayyed Mustafa Sayyed Hashemi, one of the Setad's officials, there is no difference between Setad and a private enterprise. He said that all economic activities of Setad were subject to taxation. He added that the tax had always been paid on time.
Structure and holdings
The following companies are among some entities affiliate to EIKO (aka Setad):
Barakat Foundation
Tadbir Economic Development Group Company (TEDG)
Tadbir Energy Group
Pars Oil Company
Bahman Geno Company (Hormoz Oil Refinery Company)
The Persia Company of Oil and Gas Industry Development
Qaed Basir Petrochemical Products Company
North Drilling Company
Tadbir Drilling Development Company
Rey Niroo Engineering Company
Abadan Electrical power generation company
Modaberan Chemistry Company
Tadbir Parsian Refining Company
Pars Bazargan Trading Company
Iran Mobin Electronic Development (Holding Co.)
Tose'e Etemad Mobin (TEM)
Mehr Eghtesad Novin Company
Telecommunication Company of Iran (TCI)
Mobile Telecommunication Company of Iran (MCI)
Taliya Communications
Tadbir Industry and Mine Development Company
Karun Phosphate Complex Products Company
Abadgaran Ma'dan Iranian
Ayandegaran Sanat va Madan farda
Tadbir Investment Group
Tosee Eqtesad Ayandehsazan Company (TEACO)
Barakat Pharmed Company
Tadbir Construction Development Group
Affiliated companies
Barakat Foundation
Barakat Foundation is a charitable bonyad that concentrates on the economic development projects in the rural region, and "has stakes in the country's pharmaceutical industry."
Barkat Pharmaceutical Group
Barkat Pharmaceutical Group is an Iranian Pharmaceutical public company, which was founded in 2010, named Tadbir innovation pharmaceutical company. The company provides services through cooperation between science-based institutions and scientists based on medicine around the world. It supplies 14 percent of all the country's essential drugs through its 25 subsidiaries.
Barkat Pharmaceutical Industrial Town
Barkat Pharmaceutical Industrial Town is the first pharmaceutical research town in Iran and registered as the country's first special district of pharmaceutical economic. Also It is the largest Pharmaceutical Industrial Town at West Asia.
Barkat Ventures
Barkat Ventures is a knowledge-based institute which has been established as the arm of the "Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order" in order to develop knowledge-based economy. This institute's mission is to create and expand on the ecosystem/infrastructure for the development of science and knowledge-based activities of the scholars in Iran on the basis of Islamic-Iranian models by utilizing Iranian scientists, experts, global-experience, knowledge and so on. Barkat Ventures is considered as one of the five executive lever of Barakat Foundation, which works in the field of new knowledge-based technologies.
Ehsan-Foundation
Ehsan-Barakat Charity foundation associated to Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order and Barekat Foundation was founded in order to request of current Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei to provide more quickly help for individual cases (needy people). As Mokhber, the chief of Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order nominated, the activities which be performed by the Charity relies on people's help.
Legal protections and issues
Protection from oversight
Khamenei, judges, and parliament have issued a series of bureaucratic edicts, constitutional interpretations and judicial decisions over the years bolstering Setad.
In addition to a 2008 vote by the Iranian parliament to prohibit itself from monitoring organizations controlled by the supreme leader without his permission. According to Nayyeri, the powerful Guardian Council (whose clerics and jurists "directly or indirectly appointed" by Khamenei), has issued a declaration that Setad was beyond parliament's authority,
Prior to these decisions, Reuters reports that in 1997 after reformist Mohammad Khatami was elected president, a government "legal commission" declared that the Iranian anti-corruption body known as the General Inspection Office "had no right to inspect Setad unless the supreme leader requested it to do so" in order to "shield Setad from scrutiny".
Unlike other foundations in Iran, Setad does not include its logo or full name in newspaper advertisements listing auctions of confiscated property.
Reuters notes that while the critic (Sazegara, the Guards co-founder) complain that these protections are "why no one knows what is going on inside" organizations like Setad, Khamenei maintains that "No one is above supervision," in the Islamic government, not "even the leader ... let alone the organizations linked to the leader," and "I welcome supervision, and I am strongly opposed to evading it. Personally, the more supervision I receive, the happier I will be."
Management and disposal of confiscated assets
Under Article 49 of the constitution, the government is obliged to confiscate illegal wealth and return to its owner, "and if no such owner can be identified, it must be entrusted to the public treasury". The Ministry is overseen by the parliament and president, rather than the Supreme Leader.. However, in 1984 an implementation of Article 49 of the Iranian constitution ratified by Parliament of Iran (when Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani was speaker of the parliament) transferred the right to control huge part of public assets, replacing the Treasury with another entity (Setad) outside the government and in direct control of Supreme Leader of Iran.
In apparent conflict with this decision, another law was ratified by the parliament in 1992 (when another politician, Mehdi Karroubi was speaker of the parliament), calling for the transfer of confiscated assets to the government and establishing an Organization for Collection and Sale of State-owned Properties of Iran under the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance to deal with those assets. Despite clearly transferring control of confiscated assets to the government, this law was never implemented mainly due to circulars issued by chief justice Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi in 2009, and by his successor, chief justice Sadeq Larijani in 2013. (The Chief Justice in Iran is appointed by Supreme Leader of Iran based on Article 110 of Iranian constitution.)
Sanctions
In July 2010, the European Union added the president of Setad, Mohammad Mokhber, to its list of individuals and entities being sanctioning for alleged involvement in "nuclear or ballistic missiles activities." Two years later, it removed him from the list without explanation, but allegedly in "an attempt to fend off a broader Iranian legal challenge to financial sanctions on Iran's banks and bank directors".
On 4 June 2013, United States Department of the Treasury took action to "expose" EIKO (Setad) -- what it called a " Massive Network of Front Companies"—and declare it subject to sanctions pursuant to Executive Order 13599, which "blocks the property of the Government of Iran", (prohibiting "U.S. persons from engaging in most transactions" with people "meeting the definition of Government of Iran"). Six months later, in November, Reuters published a three-part investigative article about Setad and Washington based on it, considered setad as the most important one.
Also in 2013, the US Treasury Department released a PDF slide "depicting a web of 37 companies that it accused of evading international sanctions to enrich powerful Iranians". These companies form part of "a company called Imam Khomeini's Order (EIKO)".
On 16 January 2016, US government document stated EIKO was not on the SDN List (Specially Designated National) nor "subject to Secondary Sanctions", but that "US persons" were required to continue to "Block the Property and Interests in Property" of EIKO (Setad) in accordance with Executive Order 13599.
Relation
Khamenei
The Reuters investigation of Setad "found no evidence that Khamenei is tapping Setad to enrich himself." But Reuters claims that Setad has empowered Khamenei, saying that "through Setad, Khamenei has at his disposal financial resources whose value rivals the holdings of the shah, the Western-backed monarch who was overthrown in 1979." Serving the Supreme Leader, Setad helps to fund his Beite Rahbar, ("Leader's House"). According to an unnamed former employee of Setad who spoke to Reuters, Khamenei appoints the board of directors but delegates management of Setad to others, having himself just one primary interest—Setad's "annual profits, which he uses to fund his bureaucracy". Iranian authorities have stated the findings of the Reuters investigation lack "any basis", are "far from realities" and "not correct," but have given no further details.
The Revolutionary Guards
Setad and Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) are both under control of Supreme Leader of Iran and have cooperated in different fields in recent decades.
In 2011, a consortium known as Mobin Trust Consortium (TEM) purchased of 51% of shares of Telecommunication Company of Iran (TCI). The largest stakeholder of the consortium "was a company controlled by the Revolutionary Guards", and Setad controlled another 38%. The terms of payment were very favorable—TEM was required to make a down payment of only 20% and had eight years to pay the rest of the price. Board of managers of TCI has members from both Setad and IRGC.
The takeover of the TCI by the Setad and Revolutionary Guard was assisted by a government regulator, the Iranian Privatisation Organisation (IPO), which eliminated a competing bid for the TCI (by a telecom company called Pishgaman Kavir Yazd Cooperative Co.) the day before the sale of TCI. In 2010, the man responsible for the elimination of the bid—the head of IPO at the time of the sale, Gholamreza Heydari Kord Zanganeh—was appointed managing director of Tose'e Eqtesad Ayandehsazan Co, or TEACO—a "giant holding company" owned by Setad. He was later named chairman of a large pharmaceutical holding company also owned by Setad (Sobhan Pharma Group). Both examples of the "revolving door between Setad and Iran's government", according to Reuters.
In October 2018, an IRGC unit in charge of the body's economic operations announced in a statement it has left Iran's telecommunications industry, after selling its share in a consortium controlling Iran's top telecoms companies and biggest mobile phone operator. "In line with guidelines of the chief of staff of armed forces, the IRGC's Cooperative Foundation sold its share and left Tose'e Etemad Mobin," statement said, as quoted by Sepah News. Reports say it followed after both Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and President Hassan Rohani called for the withdrawal of the military from the Iranian economy by selling off their ownership of businesses.
See also
Economy of Iran
Bonyad
Barakat Foundation
Mobin Trust Consortium
References
Notes
Citations
External links
Organization chart of Setad
Sovereign wealth funds
Conglomerate companies of Iran
Companies established in 1989
Manufacturing companies of Iran
Companies based in Tehran
Organisations under the direct control of the Supreme Leader of Iran
Organisations under control of the Supreme Leader of Iran
Revolutionary institutions of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Economy of Iran
Privatization in Iran
Iranian entities subject to the U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions
Ruhollah Khomeini
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41075428
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%20Indiana%20gubernatorial%20election
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1992 Indiana gubernatorial election
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The 1992 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1992. Incumbent Governor Evan Bayh, a Democrat, won reelection over his Republican challenger, Linley E. Pearson with 62% of the vote. He was the first Democratic governor of Indiana to win reelection since governors became eligible for election to consecutive terms in office in 1972.
, this marks the last occasion that the following counties have voted Democratic in a gubernatorial election: Boone, Daviess, Elkhart, Hamilton, Hendricks, Huntington, Johnson, Kosciusko, Lawrence, Miami, Morgan, Union, Wabash, and Wells.
Primaries
Democratic
Incumbent Governor Evan Bayh was unopposed in the Democratic primary.
Republican
Candidates
Linley E. Pearson, Indiana Attorney General
H. Dean Evans, State Superintendent of Public Instruction
John A. Johnson, former Republican nominee for Congress in the 5th District
Minor parties
New Alliance
The New Alliance Party nominated Mary Barton to be its gubernatorial candidate in 1992. Elmetta Wellington became the nominee for lieutenant governor.
General election
Bayh won the election with 62% of the popular vote to Pearson's 37%. Bayh's total in the popular vote was the largest in recent history.
References
Gubernatorial
Indiana gubernatorial elections
Indiana
Evan Bayh
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41075434
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashaki
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Pashaki
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Pashaki or Pashki (), also rendered as Pashakh, may refer to:
Bala Mahalleh-ye Pashaki
Pain Mahalleh-ye Pashaki
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41075450
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shad%20Deh
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Shad Deh
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Shad Deh (), also rendered as Shadeh or Shady, may refer to:
Bala Shad Deh
Pain Shad Deh
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41075489
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazarsar-e%20Lafmejan
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Bazarsar-e Lafmejan
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Bazarsar-e Lafmejan (, also Romanized as Bāzārsar-e Lafmejān) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 382, in 130 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
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41075491
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijar%20Boneh%2C%20Lahijan
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Bijar Boneh, Lahijan
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Bijar Boneh (, also Romanized as Bījār Boneh; also known as Bījār Boneh-ye Kīsūm) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 49, in 20 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
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41075493
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jowpish
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Jowpish
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Jowpish (, also Romanized as Jowpīsh; also known as Jopīsh) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 184, in 61 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
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41075496
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gushkejan
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Gushkejan
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Gushkejan (, also Romanized as Gūshkejān; also known as Gashkījān, Gishkadzhan, Gīshkajān, and Kūshkejān) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 211, in 75 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
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41075497
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khubdeh
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Khubdeh
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Khubdeh (, also Romanized as Khūbdeh) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 198, in 63 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
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41075499
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kia%20Sara%2C%20Lahijan
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Kia Sara, Lahijan
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Kia Sara (, also Romanized as Kīā Sarā) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 321, in 105 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
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41075500
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolangaran
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Kolangaran
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Kolangaran (, also Romanized as Kolangarān) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 239, in 84 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
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41075501
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kord%20Mahalleh%2C%20Lahijan
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Kord Mahalleh, Lahijan
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Kord Mahalleh (, also Romanized as Kord Maḩalleh) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 94, in 25 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
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41075503
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahashar
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Lahashar
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Lahashar (, also Romanized as Lāḩashar; also known as Lahash) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 83, in 31 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
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41075505
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamak%20Mahalleh-ye%20Lafmejan
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Lamak Mahalleh-ye Lafmejan
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Lamak Mahalleh-ye Lafmejan (, also Romanized as Lamak Maḩalleh-ye Lafmejān) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 140, in 50 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075509
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain%20Mahalleh-ye%20Lafmejan
|
Pain Mahalleh-ye Lafmejan
|
Pain Mahalleh-ye Lafmejan (, also Romanized as Pā’īn Maḩalleh-ye Lafmejān) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 159, in 54 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075511
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain%20Mahalleh-ye%20Pashaki
|
Pain Mahalleh-ye Pashaki
|
Pain Mahalleh-ye Pashaki (, also Romanized as Pā’īn Maḩalleh-ye Pāshākī; also known as Pā’īn Maḩalleh, Pāshākī Pā’īn Maḩalleh, and Pāshkī-ye Pā’īn) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,090, in 333 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075512
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain%20Shad%20Deh
|
Pain Shad Deh
|
Pain Shad Deh (, also Romanized as Pā’īn Shād Deh; also known as Pā’īn Shādeh, Shādeh, and Shady) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 282, in 110 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075514
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaki%20Sahra
|
Alaki Sahra
|
Alaki Sahra (, also Romanized as Ālakī Şaḩrā; also known as Ālakīmaḩalleh) is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 75, in 26 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075515
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijar%20Boneh-ye%20Bala
|
Bijar Boneh-ye Bala
|
Bijar Boneh-ye Bala (, also Romanized as Bījār Boneh-ye Bālā; also known as Bījār Boneh) is a village in Layalestan Rural District of the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan province, Iran.
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 1,230 in 360 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,777 people in 564 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 2,136 people in 704 households. It was the largest village in its rural district.
References
Lahijan County
Populated places in Gilan Province
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075516
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijar%20Boneh-ye%20Pain
|
Bijar Boneh-ye Pain
|
Bijar Boneh-ye Pain (, also Romanized as Bījār Boneh-ye Pā’īn; also known as Bījār Boneh) is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 512, in 151 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075517
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijar%20Basteh%20Sar
|
Bijar Basteh Sar
|
Bijar Basteh Sar (, also Romanized as Bījār Basteh Sar) is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 134, in 45 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075521
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chahar%20Khaneh%20Sar-e%20Pain
|
Chahar Khaneh Sar-e Pain
|
Chahar Khaneh Sar-e Pain (, also Romanized as Chahār Khāneh Sar-e Pā’īn; also known as Chahār Khāneh Sar) is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,885, in 816 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075523
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizbon
|
Dizbon
|
Dizbon (, also Romanized as Dīzbon) is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,290, in 352 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075524
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurandan%2C%20Gilan
|
Gurandan, Gilan
|
Gurandan (, also Romanized as Gūrandān) is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 375, in 121 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075527
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchek%20Deh
|
Kuchek Deh
|
Kuchek Deh (, also Romanized as Kūchek Deh) is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 240, in 90 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075538
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard%20Falco
|
Howard Falco
|
Howard Falco is an American self empowerment expert, author, speaker and spiritual teacher who specializes in the power of the mind as it relates to the creation of life experiences. He is the author of I AM: The Power of Discovering Who You Really Are. He currently resides in Arizona with his wife and two children.
Early career and spiritual awakening
Originally from the suburbs of Chicago, Falco has said that during his childhood he wasn't connected to any religion or spiritual upbringing. He attended Arizona State University, graduated with a business degree and entered the finance world. At the age of 35, he had what he describes as an "expansion in awareness," when he realized that money wouldn't solve his problems and he wanted to know the source of true happiness. He has said this awakening wasn't the result of one event, but rather a collection of things that had happened in his life, leading up to a breakthrough.
Over the period of six months he had two life-changing experiences, the first being "a realization of his infinite nature" that was triggered at a financial seminar he attended on the concept of belief, which made him realize he was in control of the experiences of his life, which lead him to ask more questions about the nature of life. This resulted in a second experience which he has said was "a radical and profound expansion of consciousness that revealed the reasons for all human behavior, actions and reactions, joy and suffering." This event resulted in the writing of his book.
I AM
I AM: The Power of Discovering Who You Really Are was published by the Penguin Group on September 2, 2010. The book is intended as a guide to giving people their own expanded awareness regarding their creative natures and purpose, with advice on managing and dealing with stressful situations, overcoming any addictions or challenges and how to take conscious control over the experience of one's life. It's laid out in a progressive movement, divided into "what," "why", "how" and "who", in order to establish a foundation of an identity for the reader, concluding with a question and answer process for readers to learn more about themselves and what is possible for them. The book has also been published in Spanish under the title Yo Soy: El Poder de Descubrir Quien Eres. It's now available in 11 countries.
Tampa Bay Rays pitcher Chris Archer has credited the book with his success in major league pitching. He first mentioned in an interview for MLB.com that he was reading I AM. Following this interview, he met with Falco over dinner to discuss the book and ask questions, saying "it was like a meeting of the minds."
Time in a Bottle: Mastering the Experience of Life
Falco's second book, entitled Time in a Bottle: Mastering the Experience of Life, was scheduled to be released in April 2014.
Speaking, coaching and writing
Falco conducts speaking engagements on the topics addressed in I AM. He works with individuals to improvement their performance in sports, business and their personal lives. He also writes regularly for MindBodyGreen.
Bibliography
Howard Falco, I AM: The Power of Discovering Who You Really Are, Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated, 2010
Howard Falco, Yo Soy: El Poder de Descubrir Quien Eres, Grupo Edit Norma, 2011
References
External links
Official Site
Official Site for I AM
American spiritual writers
Living people
W. P. Carey School of Business alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
|
41075539
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijar%20Boneh
|
Bijar Boneh
|
Bijar Boneh () may refer to:
Bijar Boneh, Lahijan
Bijar Boneh-ye Bala, Lahijan County
Bijar Boneh-ye Pain, Lahijan County
Bijar Boneh, Rasht
|
41075559
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major%20League%20Baseball%20on%20DuMont
|
Major League Baseball on DuMont
|
Major League Baseball on DuMont refers to the now defunct DuMont Television Network's coverage of Major League Baseball. More specifically, DuMont broadcast the World Series (during its very early years as a televised event) from 1947-1949.
World Series coverage
Gillette, which produced World Series telecasts from roughly 1947-1965 (before 1966, local announcers, who were chosen by the Gillette Company, the Commissioner of Baseball, and NBC television, exclusively called the World Series), paid for airtime on DuMont's owned-and-operated Pittsburgh affiliate, WDTV (now KDKA-TV) to air the World Series. In the meantime, Gillette also bought airtime on ABC, CBS, and NBC. More to the point, in some cities, the World Series was broadcast on three different stations at once. For example, the 1947 World Series (for which DuMont only televised Games 2, 6–7 with Bill Slater on the call) was only seen in four markets via coaxial inter-connected stations: New York City, New York; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Schenectady, New York; Washington, District of Columbia; and, environs surrounding these cities. Outside of New York, coverage was pooled.
For the World Series, games in Boston were only seen in the Northeast. Meanwhile, games in Cleveland were only seen in the Midwest and Pittsburgh. The games were open to all channels with a network affiliation. In all, the 1948 World Series was televised to fans in seven Midwestern cities: Cleveland, Chicago, Detroit, Milwaukee, St. Louis, and Toledo. By , World Series games could now be seen east of the Mississippi River. The games were open to all channels with a network affiliation.
Attempts at creating a regular season national package
By the start of the 1950s, Major League Baseball was, for the most part, still in the province of the local market television stations. Outside of these markets, however, televised baseball (unlike on radio) was rare. DuMont's sports programming head, Thomas McMahon was working with individual owners to televise Major League Baseball's first regular season national games in the summer of 1953.
McMahon planned (as far back as January 1953) to set up a corporation to sell the national MLB telecasts meanwhile, giving stock shares to minor league teams. More specifically, McMahon's plan was to negotiate with individual teams rather than Major League Baseball as a whole. This way, McMahon could avoid a potential antitrust suit from the Department of Justice. In order to counter the possible negative effect on the minors (which Western League president Edwin C. Johnson most predominately feared), McMahon would offer them a piece of the national television pie. Furthermore, McMahan argued that since the planned DuMont games would be held on Saturday afternoons, the minors that scheduled most of their games in the evening wouldn't have been greatly affected.
Ultimately, however, the first national Game of the Week package didn't air on DuMont, but on ABC. In April 1953, ABC set out to sell teams rights but instead, only got the Philadelphia Athletics, Cleveland Indians, and Chicago White Sox to sign on. To make matters worse, Major League Baseball barred the Game of the Week from airing within 50 miles of any ballpark.
Major League Baseball on DuMont's affiliates
DuMont's owned-and-operated stations are highlighted in yellow. The Paramount owned-and-operated stations, which did not carry DuMont programs but were ruled DuMont O&Os by the FCC, are shown in pink. Franchises that were later relocated are listed in italics.
American League
National League
References
External links
Searchable Network TV Broadcasts
DuMont
1947 American television series debuts
1949 American television series endings
DuMont sports programming
|
41075561
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kia%20Sara
|
Kia Sara
|
Kia Sara or Kiya Sara or Keya Sara () may refer to:
Kia Sara, Lahijan
Kia Sara, Rasht
Kia Sara, Rudsar
|
41075620
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCnting%20Clover%20Leaf%20Map
|
Bünting Clover Leaf Map
|
The Bünting Clover Leaf Map, also known as The World in a Cloverleaf, (German title: "Die ganze Welt in einem Kleberblat/Welches ist der Stadt Hannover meines lieben Vaterlandes Wapen") is a historic mappa mundi drawn by the German Protestant pastor, theologian, and cartographer Heinrich Bünting. The map was published in his book Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae (Travel Book of Holy Scripture) in 1581.
Today the map is found within the Eran Laor maps collection in the National Library of Israel in Jerusalem. A mosaic model of the map is installed on the fence of Safra Square at the site of Jerusalem's city hall.
The map is a figurative illustration, in the manner of the medieval mappa mundi format, depicting the world via a clover shape. The shape symbolizes the Christian Trinity and also appears in the coat of arms of Hanover, where Bünting was born. The city of Jerusalem is represented as the centre, surrounded by three central continents, with some more areas of the world being accordingly illustrated separately from the clover.
Description
The dimension of the map is 38 by 30 centimeters.
Jerusalem is in the centre of the map surrounded by the three continents of Europe, Africa, and Asia, comprising three leaves of a clover shape. The top-left leaf shape coloured in red represents Europe, the bottom one coloured in yellow represents Africa, and the top-right one coloured in green represents Asia. The three continents include captions of their various countries and illustrations of some of their cities. Europe includes one illustration of the Italian city Rome, the continent of Africa includes illustrations of three cities with one being the Egyptian city of Alexandria, and Asia includes illustrations of nine cities.
The clover is surrounded by the ocean, with its surface including illustrations of sea creatures, monsters, and a ship. England and Denmark—as perhaps the tip of the entire Nordic countries—are represented as two island-shapes above Europe’s leaf. The Red Sea is illustrated between Africa and Asia, painted in red. America is represented as a separated, mostly unrevealed shape at the lower left corner, coloured in green like Asia, with the caption Die Neue Welt (The New World).
References
Further reading
Jerusalem in Maps and Mirrors, from Byzantine Period Until the 19th Century, 1987, Nahar Books and Kinneret Zmora-Bitan Dvir publishers.
External links
Information about the map at Eran Laor's Collection, The National Library of Israel website.
Description of the map – Yale university, Under the title Asia Secunda Pars Terrae in Forma Pegasir. Die Gantze Welt in ein Kleberblat. Heinrich Bunting, c. 1590.
Historic maps of the world
1581 works
16th-century maps and globes
|
41075637
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chahar%20Khaneh%20Sar
|
Chahar Khaneh Sar
|
Chahar Khaneh Sar () may refer to:
Chahar Khaneh Sar-e Bala
Chahar Khaneh Sar-e Pain
|
41075676
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layalestan
|
Layalestan
|
Layalestan (, also Romanized as Layālestān, Līālestān, and Līyālestān; also known as Leyarestān, Līārestān, and Līarestān) is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,851, in 558 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075677
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motaalleq%20Mahalleh-ye%20Nowbijar
|
Motaalleq Mahalleh-ye Nowbijar
|
Motaalleq Mahalleh-ye Nowbijar (, also Romanized as Mota‘alleq Maḩalleh-ye Nowbījār; also known as Mota‘aleq Maḩalleh and Mota‘alleq Maḩalleh) is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 303, in 108 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075679
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhjir%20Kolayeh
|
Nakhjir Kolayeh
|
Nakhjir Kolayeh (, also Romanized as Nakhjīr Kolāyeh; also known as Naqsh Kalāyeh) is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,069, in 305 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075680
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowbijar
|
Nowbijar
|
Nowbijar (, also Romanized as Nowbījār) is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 360, in 109 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075681
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qassab%20Mahalleh%2C%20Lahijan
|
Qassab Mahalleh, Lahijan
|
Qassab Mahalleh (, also Romanized as Qaşşāb Maḩalleh; also known as Qaşşāb Deh) is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 512, in 153 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075683
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siah%20Gurab-e%20Bala
|
Siah Gurab-e Bala
|
Siah Gurab-e Bala (, also Romanized as Sīāh Gūrāb-e Bālā) is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 211, in 82 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075685
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siah%20Gurab-e%20Pain
|
Siah Gurab-e Pain
|
Siah Gurab-e Pain (, also Romanized as Sīāh Gūrāb-e Pā’īn; also known as Seyāh Qorāb, Sīāh Gūrāb, Sīāh Qorāb, and Siyah Gowdab) is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84, in 31 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075688
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheykhanbar
|
Sheykhanbar
|
Sheykhanbar (, also Romanized as Sheykhānbar; also known as Sheikhaneh Sar and Sheykhānehvar) is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 952, in 273 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
41075689
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapahar%20Posht
|
Sapahar Posht
|
Sapahar Posht () is a village in Layalestan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 241, in 79 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County
|
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