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41083991
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27atra%20Hicks
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D'atra Hicks
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D'Atra Hicks (born Deitra Cherelle Hicks; December 27, 1967) is an American actress and singer. Hicks is best known for her role as Jackie Simmons in Tyler Perry's 2002 stage play Madea's Family Reunion. Hicks has also performed as Nurse Trudy in the 2006 stage play What's Done in the Dark and as Niecy in the 2009 play Laugh to Keep from Crying.
Life and career
Born in Harlem, Hicks began performing in her grandfather's church choir as a child. In her early teens, Hicks and her older sister Miriam formed a singing group "The Hicks Sisters" and eventually cut a demo. The duo's demo caught the attention of Broadway producers of the stage play Mama I Want To Sing! were impressed by Hicks' voice. In late 1985, Hicks was offered the lead role of Doris Winter in the play, in which she portrayed from April 1986 until 1990. The play eventually became the most successful off-Broadway black musical in theatrical history. During her time on Broadway, Hicks received a solo deal with Capitol Records in 1989. Hicks released her self-titled debut album under the Capitol label on September 9, 1989. With production contributions from Narada Michael Walden and Nick Martinelli, Hicks' album debuted at number sixty-three and sat ten weeks on the Top R&B Albums chart. Hicks later scored roles in Tyler Perry's stage plays including Madea's Family Reunion, What's Done in the Dark.
Hicks has managed to keep her fans very entertained in the play entitled Laugh to Keep from Crying, written and directed by Tyler Perry. She played Neicey, a prostitute who is seeking to turn her life around even as she mistakenly influences Lisa. She executed a stunning performance to an audience of well over 15000 at the DeVos performance Hall. Carl Thomas of Grand Rapids compared D'atra's performance to that of real life which managed a high score rating of 3.5 out of 4 stars.
Your Husband Is Cheating On Us (2018)
In 2018, American playwright, comedian and director JD Lawrence asked Hicks to take part in a new reality show on Bravo's Your Husband is Cheating On Us. Lawrence mounts his new production of the stage play implementing unorthodox creative methods with his cast. aside from Hicks, the cast includes other performers; Ginuwine, Tondy Gallant, Lia Grant and Kristen Plati. Lawrence strategies include moving everyone into a house together and injecting real-life experiences from their lives into the script. Additionally, the behind-the-scenes drama between the cast members takes matters to another level that will either make or break the show. Helena Andrews-Deya from the Washington Post goes deep in questioning if urban theaters could cross over after Tyler Perry. Hick's was explosive in the house and at some points near physical conflicts with other roommates. In the end they all seem to pull things together to make a success of JD's production. Similar questions were asked by others like the columnist Sesali Bowen from Refinery29. She believed that reality TV has become an unlikely champion for black subcultures in the USA. On the success of Hicks' reality show Earnest Pugh another gospel vocalist decided to release his album entitled The UnSung Hits Vol. 1 (EPM Music Group/ Entertainment One), during September 2018 which featured the soulful gospel voice of D'Atra Hicks. The album was produced by Grammy Award winner Cedric Thompson, Michael Bereal and Keith Williams.
Personal life
Hicks is the older sister of actress and singer Taral Hicks. No sources have either confirmed or denied that Hicks has ever been married. Hicks has one child, Diamond Grant with actor Tony Grant.
Divorce Court
Sources differ as to the circumstances surrounding Hicks' relationship with actor Loren Harper. Hicks and Harper appeared married on Divorce Court twice, once in September 2010 and later divorced in February 2017. A source cites their marriage as fictitious, stating that it was a comedy sketch acting scene arranged for television for the launch of the Divorce Court series.
Chart Positions
Albums
Singles
References
External links
1967 births
Actresses from New York City
20th-century African-American women singers
American contemporary R&B singers
Living people
Singers from New York City
American stage actresses
American musical theatre actresses
Actors from Harlem
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
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41083993
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lands%20of%20Threepwood
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Lands of Threepwood
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The lands of Threepwood were located in the Parish of Beith, at the eastern boundary between East Renfrewshire and North Ayrshire, Scotland. The settlements of Midtown, Townhead and Townend were part of the old Threepwood Estate. Cuffhill at 675 feet is the highest eminence in the parish and it overlooks the area with Little Hill and Cuff Hill and Little Hill plantations nearby, now situated next to the entirely artificial Cuffhill Reservoir.
History of the lands of Threepwood
The name 'Threepwood', 'Thriepwood' or 'Threppe-wood' may derive from the Scots term 'Threap-wood' meaning a piece of woodland the ownership of which was disputed and found in Ayrshire as a place name. In Scottish history the term Threaplands referred to the Debatable Lands on the Scottish-English border.
The Lairds
Avice de Morville, wife of Richard de Morville and daughter of William de Lancaster, Baron of Kendal, gave the lands of Threppe-wood to Kilwinning Abbey in the 12th century. The lands in 1556 were leased by Gavin Hamilton, Commendator of Kilwinning Abbey, to Adam Hamilton of Holmhead. In 1557 Adam passed the lease to John Hamilton of Stanehouse for "thirteen score of merks, thirty bolls seeds oats, six bolls of bere, four oxen and a brown horse" and a few months later John obtained a feu that passed the lands to the family in perpetuity for an annual payment. In 1574 John passed the lands to his son James. In 1633 James Hamilton sold the lands to Robert Luiff or Love.
The Loves previously held the name McKinnon and in 1613 a James Luiff appears to have lived at Threepwood judging from a stone at Threepwood that is inscribed 'I.L. & B.S. 1613' for James Luiff and Barbara Stewart. This Barbara may have been a close relation of Matho Stewart, a tenant of Threepwood under the abbacy's control. The surname Love originated from the word for wolf, 'Luef' in French, and 'Lufe' or Luiff in the Scots dialect.
Robert Love may have been their son and is described as being 'portioner of Threepwood' as he sold or sub-feued Townend Farm to Thomas Fulton and Midtoun or Mid Town to William Anderson. James Love, his son, married Barbara Stewart of Risk in Lochwinnoch parish in 1652 as recorded on a stone inscribed 'J.L. & B.S. 1652' and inherited the remaining lands of Threepwood in 1649. Robert Love of Threepwood the younger inherited in 1693-94 and married in 1690 an Agnes Stevenston from Bra-Haugh near Neilston and another marriage stone at Threepwood records this. In 1734 another Robert Love was born to James Love and Jean Robison of Wardyett and he inherited from his grandfather in 1769 as his father had died in 1743. The last named Robert had a son of the same name who married twice, first to Janet Cochrane of Millthird and secondly to Jean Connell of South Castlewalls.
John Love was born in 1781 and was man of some importance, being a Commissioner of Supply, a Justice of the Peace and a Road Trustee. He purchased the lands of 'Tower of Auchenbathie, 'New Mill of Auchengown Stewart' and those of Netherhill near Dunlop. John married Jean Fulton of Sproulston. Their eldest son Robert was a writer in Lochwinnoch who married Mary Hunter Carswell of Reivoch in 1844 and had an only daughter Mary Hunter Carswell Love.
Threepwood
The lands of Threepwood lay in the Barony of Beith, Regality of Kilwinning and Bailiary of Cunninghame. The lands may have once reached as far as the Barrcraigs as the Cross of Brakraigs (sic) is shown on Blaeu's map suggesting that Kilwinning Abbey's lands extended to this point. The march or boundary to the east was with the Barony of Auchinbathie, to the west were the lands of Auchingown Stewart and Brownmuir (Brimmer); to the south-west those of Hessilhead and to the south the march was the lands of Shutterflat.
Roy's military map of 1747-55 shows a settlement named Townhead and another named Middletown but no mention of Threepwood. Armstrong's map of 1775 marks Threepwood and shows two settlements that correspond in position to those recorded by Roy. John Ainslie's 1821 map marks Threepwood and also a Townhead. Thomson's 1832 map shows a laird's style dwelling of Threepwood and a group of two buildings below, also marked as Threepwood, with a lane running between. In 1828 'Bleachfield' is recorded with two separate buildings, one next to a millpond on the Cadgerford Burn and the other next to the Dusk Water.
The three 'Towns' of Threepwood looks to have been the typical 'ferm toun' settlement arrangement such as at Hessilhead, the origin of which lies in the common medieval sub-division of land called a ploughgate (104 acres), the extent of land which one plough team of oxen could till in a year. This area was again subdivided into four husbandlands, each of . Each husbandland could provide two oxen and eight oxen were need for a plough-team. This arrangement led to small farm towns being established with accommodation for at least four men in six to eight houses, taking practical considerations into account. Another similar 'ferm toun' also existed at Bloak, near Auchentiber, until the 1890s.
Threepwood House
First shown as a 'Laird's' house in 1832, by 1858 Threepwood House is shown above Mid Town as a substantial group of buildings with a square ornamental garden with internal paths lying in a walled garden immediately to the west of the house. An older house has had byres and other outbuildings built to transform the house into a farm. Substantial woodland policies were planted nearby with Tandle Hill nearby.
Mid Town of Threepwood
Mid Town Farm was obtained by William Anderson in the 1630s from Robert Love of Threepwood. In 1858 the settlement is marked with a single roofed building and a ruin that abuts onto the lane leading up to Threepwood House. In 1895 Mid Town is shown as a ruin.
Town Head of Threepwood
In 1858 Town Head is shown as a single building accessed from the west and in 1895 it is roofless, but a new private dwelling has been built at the site in recent times.
Townend of Threepwood
In the 1630s Townend Farm was obtained from Robert Love by Thomas Fulton. Hugh Stevenson was the farmer at Townend of Threepwood Farm in the early 19th century and after his death his sons succeeded him, later however the lands were divided and sold. The Barn-fauld field was purchased by John Love, Esq., of Threepwood. Circa 1847 the area was surveyed and divided off from the other portion of the property which was then purchased by Robert Shedden Patrick, Esq., of Trearne and Hazlehead. In 1646 a John Fulton is recorded as dwelling at the farm of Boydston near Mill of Beith.
John Shedden of Marshalland, called "The Lang Laird" because of his height, married Mary Stevenson of Townend of Threepwood. The couple had five daughters and one son, John, known as "Jack the Marshalland" or "The Gem-keeper".
Jack the Marshalland
Born on 25 April 1756, John Shedden of Marshalland married Mary Raeside in 1836, however they had no offspring. John was a tall man, strong and a notorious poacher of hares at a time when poaching was governed by archaic laws. After several court appearances Jack moved to a large estate in England where he worked as the head gamekeeper, earning a good wage and returning with substantial savings. On his return he became ironically known as "The Gem keeper" and when he died his poacher friend Thomas Stevenson fired off his gun to the "rict and left" over his grave, much to the surprise of George Colville, the minister at the time.
Uses
In 1858 a group of buildings are shown here with three unroofed and two in use. The road widened here on both sides and a small building with a nearby well lay on the northern side, the southern side having two out of three buildings that faced the road still roofed, although the shed or byre attached to the westernmost is shown as a ruin. A sizeable rectangular enclosure lies to the west on the other side of the access driveway to Sunnyside of Threepwood. In 1895 only the westernmost building appears to be in use and the others are not even marked. The single building is still shown as roofed in 1908 and 1912.
At first a farm, the site lost most of the buildings until only one remained in 1908. A busy area in terms of horse drawn transport along Threepwood Road and pedestrian traffic so that the building may have provided accommodation for travellers and/or bleach works employees. The unusual 'window' at the back resembles the 'Jug' windows found in pubs where a jug or bottle of beer was filled and taken away to be consumed elsewhere as recorded in this poem about 'The Den' at Barkip -
The narrow 'layby' on the roadside with a well and small building suggests water and food for horses.
Threepwood Bleach Works
Cotton cloth or linen was originally bleached by repeatedly steeping it in an alkaline solution or lye derived from ash tree or fern ashes, called 'bucking'. The treated cloth was then washed and exposed to sunshine and air by being hung out in bleachfields or 'crofts'. After being immersed in buttermilk, called ‘souring’ it was given a further wash, and then dried. The process was very time-consuming and could take up to eight months to 'buck', 'sour' and finally dry.
Two separate bleach works are marked on the Ordnance Survey maps and areas of open ground are indicated which would have been the bleachfields. Ample supplies of water were available from the Cadgerford Burn and the Dusk Water that run through the area. Supplies of lye made from ash tree ashes would have been plentiful in this well wooded district. In 1828 the 'Bleachfield' is recorded with two buildings in different areas that are probably the bleach works. The largest bleach works lay next to a millpond fed by the Cadgerford Burn that supplied water for both the 'bucking' process and power for the waterwheel. Dye works buildings lay close by with a path marked that also ran to the other bleach works site that lay next to the Dusk Water with a wooden bridge over the watercourse. By 1895 both bleach works and the dye house are shown as ruins on the OS maps which links with the discovery of chlorine on the late 18th century after which Bleach works and the associated bleachfields became redundant.
By 1855-57 the works are recorded in the Ordnance Survey name book as bleaching linen thread, worked by water and providing accommodation for workers. A Mr John Stevenson was the occupier whilst the Love family were the proprietors.
Lows Cottage near Coldhame was a retting works and was located next to one of the Lowes Lochs which was used as a retting pond for flax preparation. Davie's o'the Mill lay nearby and is thought to have been a flax or lint mill, leading to the suggestion that these industrial activities all located along Threepwood Road and nearby may have been inter-dependent business ventures. A flax or lint mill also once existed near Brownmuir on the Muir Burn. Flax made into linen was also used in the manufacture of thread by the Crawford Brothers, first in Beith and later in Barrmill.
Sunnyside of Threepwood
In between the two bleach works in 1858 is located a building with a very ornate walled garden, in all likelihood the dwelling of the works manager and has two dated stones of the marriage stone type, dated 1790 with 'I(J)R and JC' and 1759 respectively. The second stone is badly eroded and any initials are not discernable. This relatively small building also has an access off Threepwood Road via the settlement of Townend. In 1858 no name is given on the map to this dwelling. A plantation or screen of trees is shown lying to the west and a small ruin is shown on the lane to the lower bleach works where it ceases to be straight and runs in an easterly direction.
In 1895 the name Sunnyside of Threepwood is used on the map and the dwelling has increased considerably in size with the oldest section lying to the east. The ornamental garden is no longer featured. It may be no coincidence that the name 'Sunnyside' is attached to the dwelling as Thomson's map shows that this was the open south facing site of the old bleachfield where the bleached cloth was dried.
The Weaver's or Threepwood Well
Close to Coldhame Cottage on the verge before the turning to Brownmuir Farm is a rare survival, the Weaver's or Threepwood Well, a freshwater spring that exits the rock in a steady flow that runs into a shallow excavation with a stone border, surrounded by heather, ferns, mosses, wild rose, whortleberry, willow moss, etc. The well was the site of the 'Weaver's Parliament' where the local weavers would meet to discuss business and other matters of importance. Lint or flax mills were located nearby and weavers would have been involved in producing the linen that was then bleached at the Sunnyside of Threepwood bleach works. The well sits on Threepwood Road which was on the route tp Paisley where the weavers sold most of their finished products.
Cuffhill reservoir
The 'Lower Reservoir' is first shown on the 1895 OS map and it is indicated that it is managed by the Beith Water Committee. In 1908 the reservoir with its dam and sluice are shown as managed by Ayr County Council.
The Cadgerford Burn
The name of the inflow and outflow burn indicates, as stated, a ford on this old road once used by cadgers or carriers on horseback of goods, including items such as Dunlop cheeses. The burn is the existing inflow and outflow from Lowes Loch to the Dusk Water. The burn now flows into the Kirkleegreen Reservoir, built after 1858 and by 1891. The waters of this old reservoir, now an angling loch, run into Cuffhill Reservoir and then into the Dusk Water. The ford may have been where a culvert now carries the outflow of the small loch in front of Lows Cottage down towards Lowes Loch.
Beith's annual fair, called Tennant's or Saint Tinnan's Day, was previously held on the Cuff Hill It was famous for its show, and its Cadger's parade and sale of horses.
Archaeology
The Cuff Hill rocking stone (NS 3827 5542) is a large glacial erratic boulder of basaltic greenstone that some people associate with the Druids. It no longer rocks due to people digging beneath to ascertain its fulcrum. It is in a small wood and surrounded by a circular drystone wall.
On Cuff Hill were once located a group of four standing stones, also the Druid's Grave and the likely site of a pre-reformation chapel at Kirklee Green.
Hugh Stevenson of Townend of Threepwood was ploughing in Barn-fauld in the late 17th century when his plough hit an area of loose stones and a large pot was revealed containing bones and inside was a smaller object that has been described as small urn of the 'incense-cup' type.
Smith records that a Law Mound was located at Threepwood, twelve paces in diameter, however this place name is not marked on OS maps and is seemingly unknown by local inhabitants.
An arrowhead, bone comb and stone implement were found (NGR NS 388 554) near Sunnyside of Threepwood.
Finkillgreen on the lands of Threepwood is described as a grass covered rocky knoll on which a rocking-stone was situated. In the 1860s this stone could be easily rocked with one hand.
The roads
Threepwood Road was a 'Statute Labour Road' maintained under Act of 1669 which required the appointment each year of overseers who would require tenants, cottars and servants to do unpaid work on the road. There were penalties for absence and the Heritors were obliged to supply funds for repair with tolls raised.
The 'Parish' road was built in 1810 and the Druids Graves cairn was robbed for stone to build it. On 30 December 1767 the Turnpike Committee looked at the road from Beith to Coldstreem (sic) Bridge. They felt it was not suitable for upgrading and that a new line would be both easier and shorter. The old road went over the hill between the Park Dykes of Overtoun and Cuff via Threepwood.
Micro-history
A New Zealand flatworm (Arthurdendyus triangulatus) was found near Sunnyside of Threepwood in 2014. This introduced species eats earthworms and was once seen as potential threat to native earthworm populations. Bleachfield Grangehill was a cottage that stood by an old bleachfield. The lint mill near Brownsmuir was still operational in 1855-57.
References
Notes;
Sources and Bibliography;
Dickinson, William Croft, Donaldson, G., and Milne, I. a. (1958), A Source Book of Scottish History. V. One. Pub. T. Nelson & Sons, London.
Dobie, James D. (ed Dobie, J.S.) (1876). Cunninghame, Topographized by Timothy Pont 1604–1608, with continuations and illustrative notices. Glasgow: John Tweed.
Dobie, James (1896). Memoir of William Wilson of Crummock. Edinburgh: James Dobie.
Kinniburgh, Moira & Burke, Fiona (1995). Kilbirnie & Glengarnock. Shared Memories. Kilbirnie Library. .
Love, Dane (2003). Ayrshire: Discovering a County. Ayr: Fort Publishing. .
Paterson, James (1863–66). History of the Counties of Ayr and Wigton. IV. - I - Cunninghame. Edinburgh: J. Stillie.
Porterfield, S. (1925). 'Rambles Round Beith'. Pilot Press.
Reid, Donald L. (2000). The Beith Supplement - The Story of Beith's Newspaper. Beith: Duke of Edinburgh Award. .
Reid, Donald (2001). In the Valley of the Garnock (Beith, Dalry & Kilbirnie. Beith: DoE. .
Reid, Donald L. (2011). Voices & Images of Yesterday and Today. Beith, Barrmill, and Gateside. Precious Memories. Irvine: Kestrel Press. .
Robertson, George (1820). Topographical Description of Ayrshire: Cunninghame. Irvine: Cunninghame Press.
Smith, John (1895). Prehistoric Man in Ayrshire. London: Elliot Stock.
Strawhorn, John and Boyd, William (1951). The Third Statistical Account of Scotland. Ayrshire. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd.
External links
YouTube video of the Druids Graves
YouTube video of the Cuffhill Rocking or Logan Stone
YouTube video of Cuffhill Reservoir
YouTube video of Threepwood Spout on the Cadgerford Burn.
YouTube video and narration regarding a John Muir Award project at Threepwood
YouTube video and narration at Townend of Threepwood ruins
YouTube video and narration for the Weaver's or Threepwood Well on YouTube
YouTube video and narration on the Low House retting pond
YouTube video and narration on the High Bogside rifle range
YouTube video and narration on the Threepwood Bleach and Dye works
Category C listed buildings in North Ayrshire
History of North Ayrshire
Archaeological sites in North Ayrshire
Demolished buildings and structures in Scotland
North Ayrshire
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41084017
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismarck%20Mausoleum
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Bismarck Mausoleum
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The Bismarck Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Prince Otto von Bismarck and his wife Johanna von Puttkamer. It is on the Schneckenberg hill just outside Friedrichsruh, Schleswig-Holstein, in northern Germany. Bismarck was the first Chancellor of Germany (1871–1890). The chapel is now a protected monument.
Description
In the upper part of the chapel is the grave of Otto von Bismarck. The epitaph is in his own words: "A faithful German servant of Emperor Wilhelm I." In the lower part, which is not accessible to the public, is the place of the family grave of the Bismarcks. His son, Herbert von Bismarck, and grandson, Otto Christian Archibald von Bismarck, along with their wives, are laid to rest there. In the area around the chapel lies the grave of another grandson, Gottfried Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen. The chapel and the site are still owned by the Bismarck family, but can be visited and rented for private tours.
History
Under the Gastein Convention negotiated by Bismarck in 1865, Prussia obtained the Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg from the Austrian Empire. When Prussia established the German Empire in 1871, Bismarck was awarded the Saxony Forest as an endowment by Emperor Wilhelm I. Bismarck built his retirement home there, next to the Berlin–Hamburg Railway. He chose the site so that when he died he could be carried in state from his manor house down the railway to the mausoleum. Initially, Wilhelm II considered entombing Bismarck in the royal crypt of Berlin Cathedral. The poet Theodor Fontane argued against this, with his poem "Wo Bismarck liegen soll" ("Where Bismarck should lie"), which appeared in the newspaper on 3 August 1898, four days after Bismarck's death.
Half a year after his death, on 16 March 1899, the coffins of Otto von Bismarck and his wife, who had been buried at the Bismarck estate in Varzin, Pomerania (now Warcino, Poland), were ceremonially interred in two marble sarcophagi in the Friedrichsruh chapel. This date was chosen because it was the 11th anniversary of the funeral of Kaiser Wilhelm I. The funeral was attended by Wilhelm II, with his wife and a large entourage.
External links
Picture gallery at flickr.com
Picture gallery at flickr.com
References
Hennig, Rolf: "The Saxon Forest," Neumünster (1991)
Otto von Bismarck
Cemeteries in Germany
Mausoleums in Germany
Buildings and structures in Herzogtum Lauenburg
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41084024
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dandini
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Dandini
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Dandini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Cesare Dandini (1596–1657), Italian painter
Girolamo Dandini (1509–1559), Italian Cardinal
Girolamo Dandini (1554–1634), Italian Jesuit
Ottaviano Dandini (?-1750), Italian painter and Jesuit
Pietro Dandini (1646–1712), Italian painter
Vincenzo Dandini (1607–1675), Italian painter
See also
Dandini (character), servant of Prince Charming in the story of Cinderella
Italian-language surnames
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41084032
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emamzadeh%20Shafi
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Emamzadeh Shafi
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Emamzadeh Shafi (, also Romanized as Emāmzādeh Shafīʿ) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 435, in 105 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
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41084034
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjilan
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Anjilan
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Anjilan (, also Romanized as Anjīlān) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 208, in 53 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
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41084036
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owlom
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Owlom
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Owlom (, also Romanized as Ūlom) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 652, in 161 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
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41084038
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boneh%20Sara
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Boneh Sara
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Boneh Sara (, also Romanized as Boneh Sarā; also known as Boneh Sar) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 87, in 21 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
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41084039
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boruj%20Rah
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Boruj Rah
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Boruj Rah (, also Romanized as Borūj Rāh; also known as Bojrā and Borj Rāh) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 5 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
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41084040
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chay%20Khaleh
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Chay Khaleh
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Chay Khaleh (, also Romanized as Chāy Khāleh) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 15 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
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41084042
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaleh%20Sara
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Chaleh Sara
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Chaleh Sara (, also Romanized as Chāleh Sarā) is a village in Shanderman Rural District of Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan province, Iran.
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 816 in 213 households. The following census in 2011 counted 924 people in 252 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 808 people in 252 households. It was the largest village in its rural district.
References
Masal County
Populated places in Gilan Province
Populated places in Masal County
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41084043
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chit%20Bon
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Chit Bon
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Chit Bon (, also Romanized as Chīt Bon; also known as Chat Bon) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 97, in 22 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
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41084044
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midland%20Center%20for%20the%20Arts
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Midland Center for the Arts
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Midland Center for the Arts is a performing arts center and museum complex located in on 1801 Saint Andrews St in Midland, Michigan. It includes two performance venues, two museums, art studios, lecture halls and a historical campus. The member groups at the center are the Alden B. Dow Museum of Science & Art, Center Stage Choirs, Center Stage Theatre, MATRIX:MIDLAND, Midland County Historical Society and Midland Symphony Orchestra.
The performance venues feature a 1500-seat auditorium and a 400-seat theater for shows and events.
The design and history of the building includes some of Alden B. Dow's architecture throughout.
Alden B. Dow Museum of Science & Art
The Alden B. Dow Museum of Science & Art focuses on the visual arts and science and is an accredited member of the American Alliance of Museums. The museum features a hands-on Hall of Ideas and changing exhibitions in the 14,000 sq. ft of gallery space, including traveling exhibitions. The museum also offers classes, family days, community outreach programs, art fairs and special events.
Midland County Historical Society
The Midland County Historical Society operates the 1874 Bradley Home and the Herbert H. Dow Historical Museum in Heritage Park.
The Society also operates the Doan History Center, officially known as the Herbert D. Doan Midland County History Center. The Center includes a hands-on gallery of interactive exhibits of Midland County history, a history research library and an archival collection of Midland County artifacts.
References
https://web.archive.org/web/20140207073239/http://www.michigan.org/property/midland-center-for-the-arts/
http://businessfinder.mlive.com/15724788/Midland-Center-for-the-Arts-Midland-MI
External links
Midland, Michigan
Museums in Midland County, Michigan
Performing arts centers in Michigan
Concert halls in Michigan
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41084045
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapeh%20Zad
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Chapeh Zad
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Chapeh Zad (, also Romanized as Chapeh Zād; also known as Chapeh Zāt) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 552, in 126 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084046
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churk%20Muzan
|
Churk Muzan
|
Churk Muzan (, also Romanized as Chūrk Mūzān; also known as Chūrkeh Mūzan) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 26, in 6 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084048
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deran%2C%20Gilan
|
Deran, Gilan
|
Deran (, also Romanized as Derān and Dar Ān) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 797, in 174 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084049
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galu%20Kuh
|
Galu Kuh
|
Galu Kuh (, also Romanized as Galū Kūh) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 15, in 4 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084054
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskaminjan
|
Gaskaminjan
|
Gaskaminjan (, also Romanized as Gaskamīnjān; also known as Gasgamīnjān and Gīsgamīn Jān) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 558, in 126 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084055
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajji%20Bijar%20va%20Jas%20Ganas
|
Hajji Bijar va Jas Ganas
|
Hajji Bijar va Jas Ganas (, also Romanized as Ḩājjī Bījār va Jās Ganas; also known as Ḩājjī Bījār) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 45, in 9 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084057
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharf%20Kureh
|
Kharf Kureh
|
Kharf Kureh (, also Romanized as Kharf Kūreh; also known as Kharfeh Kūreh) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 488, in 120 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084058
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoshkeh%20Darya
|
Khoshkeh Darya
|
Khoshkeh Darya (, also Romanized as Khoshkeh Daryā) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 5, in 4 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084060
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofud
|
Kofud
|
Kofud (, also Romanized as Kofūd) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 213, in 52 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084062
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofud%20Mozhdeh
|
Kofud Mozhdeh
|
Kofud Mozhdeh (, also Romanized as Kofūd Mozhdeh) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 390, in 85 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084064
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kish%20Khaleh%2C%20Masal
|
Kish Khaleh, Masal
|
Kishe Khaleh (, also Romanized as Kīshe Khāleh) is a village in Masal Rural District, Masal District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 224, in 56 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084066
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lal%20Kan
|
Lal Kan
|
Lal Kan (; also known as Leylī Kān) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 4 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084079
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waimarino
|
Waimarino
|
Waimarino is the original name of the town National Park, New Zealand. It was renamed to avoid confusion, as increasingly the wider area was referred to by the same name. Waimarino may refer to the following:
Waimarino district, an area at the foot of Mount Ruapehu
Waimarino (New Zealand electorate), an electorate centred on Waimarino
Waimarino County, a former territorial local authority
Waimarino Museum, a museum in Raetihi
Waimarino River, a river in the region
|
41084106
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deran
|
Deran
|
Deran or DeRan or Dar An or Doran () may refer to:
Places
Deran, Gilan, village in Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran
Doran, Kerman, village in Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran
Surname
Burhânettin Deran (1902–1965), Turkish composer and performer
James J. DeRan Jr. (1906–1986), American politician
Given name
Deran Sarafian, American director and actor
Deran Toksöz (born 1988), German footballer
Other
Deran (album), album by singer Bombino
See also
Daran, Iran, capital city of Fereydan County, Isfahan Province
|
41084129
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kish%20Khaleh
|
Kish Khaleh
|
Kish Khaleh () may refer to:
Kish Khaleh, Masal
Kish Khaleh, Rezvanshahr
Kish Khaleh, Shaft
|
41084163
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixodes%20cornuatus
|
Ixodes cornuatus
|
Ixodes cornuatus, commonly known as the Tasmanian paralysis tick, is one of about 75 species of Australian tick fauna. It is found across Tasmania and Victoria. It has been responsible for several cases of envenomation in humans and the death of one cat.
Ixodes cornuatus has been implicated in the envenomation of cats.
Ixodes cornuatus is difficult to distinguish from I. holocyclus. The ranges of the two species overlap in Eastern Victoria.
References
cornuatus
Arachnids of Australia
Animals described in 1960
|
41084165
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamaha%20Passol
|
Yamaha Passol
|
The Yamaha Passol is an electric scooter manufactured by Yamaha Motor Company beginning in 2002, and sold only in Japan. Weight is and claimed range . It was described as the first mass-produced electric motorcycle in Japan (the Peugeot Scoot'Elec was produced earlier). It has a lithium-ion battery. A Passol-L model with the same motor and bigger battery was released in 2005, and a related electric, the EC-02, featuring a built-in iPod dock, also was released in 2005.
A recall for battery problems in the Passol and EC-02 was issued in late 2006, followed by the halting of production of all Yamaha electric motorcycles in 2007 due to the recall coupled with weak sales.
Records and awards
In 2003, the Passol won the Good Design Gold Award (MITI Prize) from Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry.
In 2004, Japanese long-distance motorcyclist Kanichi Fujiwara set off to circumnavigate the world on a Passol. It may have been the first global circumnavigation by electric two-wheeler.
In 2004, Yamaha won the Hong Kong Design Centre's Design for Asia Award for Product Design for the Passol.
In exhibitions
A Passol was exhibited in an international show on Japanese design at Metropolitan State College of Denver's Center for Visual Art in 2005.
Specifications
Specifications in infobox from .
Notes and references
Notes
References
External links
Passol-L electronic brochure from Yamaha Museum's 2003 Tokyo Motor Show display
Passol
Electric scooters
Motorcycles introduced in 2002
|
41084168
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moaf%2C%20Masal
|
Moaf, Masal
|
Moaf (, also Romanized as Moʿāf) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 495, in 133 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084172
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masheh%20Kah
|
Masheh Kah
|
Masheh Kah () is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 113, in 29 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084175
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilash
|
Nilash
|
Nilash (, also Romanized as Nīlāsh; also known as Nīlāzh) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 684, in 171 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084178
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashkam
|
Pashkam
|
Pashkam (, also Romanized as Pāshkam; also known as Pashkum) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 852, in 228 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084179
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palang%20Sara
|
Palang Sara
|
Palang Sara (, also Romanized as Palang Sarā) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 179, in 45 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084181
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panga%20Posht
|
Panga Posht
|
Panga Posht (, also Romanized as Pangā Posht) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 257, in 64 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084182
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razin%20Dul
|
Razin Dul
|
Razin Dul (, also Romanized as Razīn Dūl; also known as Zarrīn Dūl) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 95, in 28 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084185
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalekeh
|
Shalekeh
|
Shalekeh (, also Romanized as Shālekeh) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. Its population was 405 with 94 families according to the 2006 census.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084188
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siah%20Mard
|
Siah Mard
|
Siah Mard (, also Romanized as Sīāh Mard) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 819, in 197 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084189
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talab%20Darreh
|
Talab Darreh
|
Talab Darreh (, also Romanized as Talāb Darreh) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 323, in 70 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084190
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vezmtar
|
Vezmtar
|
Vezmtar () is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 400, in 100 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084191
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarabcheh
|
Zarabcheh
|
Zarabachi (, also Romanized as Zarābachi; also known as Z̧ohrābchī) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 176, in 48 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084192
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zard%20Dul
|
Zard Dul
|
Zard Dul (, also Romanized as Zard Dūl) is a village in Shanderman Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 55, in 15 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084207
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siah%20Kuh
|
Siah Kuh
|
Siah Kuh () may refer to:
Siah Kuh, Amlash, Gilan Province, Iran
Siah Kuh, Sowme'eh Sara, Gilan Province, Iran
|
41084229
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning%20of%20women%20in%20England
|
Burning of women in England
|
In England, burning was a legal punishment inflicted on women found guilty of high treason, petty treason, and heresy. Over a period of several centuries, female convicts were publicly burnt at the stake, sometimes alive, for a range of activities including coining and mariticide.
While men guilty of heresy were also burned at the stake, those who committed high treason were instead hanged, drawn and quartered. The English jurist William Blackstone supposed that the difference in sentencing, although "full as terrible to the sensation as the other", could be explained by the desire not to publicly expose a woman's body. Public executions were well-attended affairs, and contemporary reports detail the cries of women on the pyre as they were burned alive. It later became commonplace for the executioner to strangle the convict, and for the body to be burned post-mortem.
In the latter half of the eighteenth century, changing attitudes to such public displays prompted Sir Benjamin Hammett MP to denounce the practice in Parliament. His bill, by no means the first such attempt to end the public burning of women, led to the Treason Act 1790, which abolished the sentence.
Crimes punishable by burning
Treason
By the end of the 13th century, several offences against either one's lord, or one's king, were treasonable. High treason, defined as transgressions against the sovereign, was first codified during King Edward III's reign by the Treason Act 1351. It clarified exactly what crimes constituted treason, following earlier, somewhat "over zealous" interpretations of England's legal codes. For instance, high treason could be committed by anyone found to be compassing the king's death or counterfeiting his coin. High treason remained distinct though, from what became known as petty treason: the killing of a lawful superior, such as a husband by his wife. Though 12th century contemporary authors made few attempts to differentiate between high treason and petty treason, enhanced punishments may indicate that the latter was treated more seriously than an ordinary felony.
As the most egregious offence an individual could commit, viewed as seriously as though the accused had personally attacked the monarch, high treason demanded the ultimate punishment. But whereas men guilty of this crime were hanged, drawn and quartered, women were drawn and burned. In his Commentaries on the Laws of England the 18th-century English jurist William Blackstone noted that the sentence, "to be drawn to the gallows, and there to be burned alive", was "full as terrible to the sensation as the other". Blackstone wrote that women were burned rather than quartered as "the decency due to the sex forbids the exposing and publicly mangling their bodies". However, an observation by historian Jules Michelet, that "the first flame to rise consumed the clothes, revealing poor trembling nakedness", may, in the opinion of historian Vic Gatrell, suggest that this solution is "misconceived". In The Hanging Tree, Gatrell concludes that the occasional live burial of women in Europe gave tacit acknowledgement to the possibility that a struggling, kicking female hanging from a noose could "elicit obscene fantasies" from watching males.
Heresy
Another law enforceable by public burning was De heretico comburendo, introduced in 1401 during the reign of Henry IV. It allowed for the execution of persons of both sexes found guilty of heresy, thought to be "sacrilegious and dangerous to souls, but also seditious and treasonable." Bishops were empowered to arrest and imprison anyone suspected of offences related to heresy and, once convicted, send them to be burned "in the presence of the people in a lofty place". Although the act was repealed in 1533/34, it was revived over 20 years later at the request of Queen Mary I who, during the Marian persecutions, made frequent use of the punishment it allowed.
De heretico comburendo was repealed by the Act of Supremacy 1558, although that act allowed ecclesiastical commissions to deal with occasional instances of heresy. Persons declared guilty, such as Bartholomew Legate and Edward Wightman, could still be burned under a writ of de heretico comburendo issued by the Court of Chancery. The burning of heretics was finally ended by the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1677 which, although it allowed ecclesiastical courts to charge people with "atheism, blasphemy, heresy, schism, or other damnable doctrine or opinion", limited their power to excommunication.
Execution of the sentence
Public executions were normally attended by large crowds. For the killing in 1546 of Anne Askew, charged with heresy and tortured at the Tower of London, a "Substantial Stage" was built to seat the various officials who presided over her burning. A witness to proceedings reported that Askew was so badly injured by her torture that she was unable to stand. Instead, "the dounge carte was holden up between ij sarjantes, perhaps sitting there in a cheare".
A pamphlet detailing the burning in April 1652 of Joan Peterson, the so-called Witch of Wapping, also describes the execution of Prudence Lee, found guilty of mariticide. Lee was apparently brought on foot, between two sheriff's officers and dressed in a red waistcoat, to the place of execution in Smithfield. There she confessed to having "been a very lewd liver, and much given to cursing and swearing, for which the Lord being offended with her, had suffered her to be brought to that untimely end". She admitted to being jealous of and arguing with her husband, and stabbing him with a knife. The executioner put her in a pitch barrel, tied her to the stake, placed the fuel and faggots around her and set them alight. Lee was reported to have "desired all that were present to pray for her" and, feeling the flames, "shrike[d] out terribly some five or six several times." Burning alive for murder was abolished in 1656, although burning for adultery remained. Thereafter, out of mercy, the condemned were often strangled before the flames took hold. Notable exceptions to this practice were the burnings in 1685 and 1726 of Elizabeth Gaunt, found guilty of high treason for her part in the Rye House Plot, and Catherine Hayes, for petty treason. Hayes apparently "rent the air with her cries and lamentations" when the fire was lit too early, preventing the executioner from strangling her in time. She became the last woman in England to be burned alive.
The law also allowed for the hanging of children aged seven years or more. Mary Troke, "but sixteen years of age", was burned at Winchester in 1738 for poisoning her mistress. An unidentified 14-year-old girl imprisoned at Newgate was more fortunate. Found guilty in 1777 of being an accomplice to treason, for concealing whitewashed farthings on her person (at her master's request), she had been sentenced to burn. She was saved by the intervention of Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath, who happened to be passing.
Changing attitudes
In 1786, Phoebe Harris and her accomplices were "indicted, for that they, on the 11th of February last, one piece of false, feigned, and counterfeit money and coin, to the likeness and similitude of the good, legal, and silver coin of this realm, called a shilling, falsely, deceitfully, feloniously, and traiterously did counterfeit and coin". Watched by a reported 20,000 people, she was led to the stake and stood on a stool, where a noose, attached to an iron bolt driven into the top of the stake, was placed around her neck. As prayers were read, the stool was taken away and over the course of several minutes, her feet kicking as her body convulsed, Harris strangled to death. About 30 minutes later, faggots were placed around the stake, her body was chained into position, and subsequently burned for over two hours.
Executions like this had once passed with little to no comment in the press. Historically, while fewer women than men were subjected to capital punishment, proportionately more were acquitted, found guilty of lesser charges, or pardoned if condemned. In centuries past, these women were judged by publications such as The Newgate Calendar to have succumbed to their own perversions, or to have been led astray. But while 18th and 19th-century women guilty of treasonable crimes were still seen as villains, increasingly, the cause of their descent was ascribed to villainous men. Those people concerned about the brutality inflicted on condemned women were, in Gatrell's opinion, "activated by the sense that even at their worst women were creatures to be pitied and protected from themselves, and perhaps revered, like all women from whom men were born." Commenting on Harris's execution, The Daily Universal Register claimed that the act reflected "a scandal upon the law", "a disgrace to the police" and "was not only inhuman, but shamefully indelicate and shocking". The newspaper asked "why should the law in this species of offence inflict a severer punishment upon a woman, than upon a man"?
Harris's fate prompted William Wilberforce to sponsor a bill which, if passed, would have abolished the practice. But as one of its proposals would have allowed the anatomical dissection of criminals other than murderers, the House of Lords rejected it. Though sympathetic to reform of England's Bloody Code, Lord Chief Justice Loughborough saw no need to change the law: "Although the punishment, as a spectacle, was rather attended with circumstances of horror, likely to make a more strong impression on the beholders than mere hanging, the effect was much the same, as in fact, no greater degree of personal pain was sustained, the criminal being always strangled before the flames were suffered to approach the body".
When on 25 June 1788 Margaret Sullivan was hanged and burned for coining, the same newspaper (by then called The Times) wrote:
The Gentleman's Magazine addressed the Prime Minister, William Pitt the Younger:
Although in his objections to Wilberforce's 1786 bill Loughborough had noted that these women were dead long before they suffered the flames, many newspapers of the day made no such distinction. The Times incorrectly stated that Sullivan was burned alive, rhetoric which, in Dr Simon Devereaux's opinion, could be "rooted in the growing reverence for domesticated womanhood" that might have been expected at the time. As many objections may also have been raised by the perceived inequity of drawing and burning women for coining, whereas until 1783, when the halting of executions at Tyburn removed ritualistic dragging from public view, men were simply drawn and hanged. A widening gulf between the numbers of men and women whipped in London (during the 1790s, 393 men versus 47 women), which mirrors a similar decline in the sending of women to the pillory, may also indicate an imposition of commonly-held gender ideals on English penal practices.
Abolition
The burning in 1789 of Catherine Murphy, for coining, received practically no attention from the newspapers (perhaps owing to practical limitations on how much news they could publish across only four pages), but it may have been enacted by Sir Benjamin Hammett, a former sheriff of London. Hammett was also an MP, and in 1790 he introduced to Parliament a Bill for Altering the Sentence of Burning Women. He denounced the punishment as "the savage remains of Norman policy" which "disgraced our statutes", as "the practice did the common law". He also highlighted how a sheriff who refused to carry out the sentence was liable to prosecution. William Wilberforce and Hammett were not the first men to attempt to end the burning of women. Almost 140 years earlier, during the Interregnum, a group of lawyers and laymen known as the Hale Commission (after its chairman Matthew Hale), was tasked by the House of Commons to take "into consideration what inconveniences there are in the law". Among the proposed reforms was the replacement of burning at the stake with hanging, but, mainly through the objections of various interested parties, none of the commission's proposals made it into law during the Rump Parliament. Hammett was confident though. He believed that public opinion was on his side and that "the House would go with him in the cause of humanity". The change in execution venues, from Tyburn to Newgate, also attracted criticism. Following Phoebe Harris's burning in 1786, as well as questioning the inequality of English law The Times complained about the location of the punishment and its effect on locals:
Another factor was the fate of Sophia Girton, found guilty of coining. Hammett's bill was introduced only four days before Girton's fate was to be decided, but a petition for her respite from burning, supported by another sheriff of London (either Thomas Baker or William Newman) and brought to King George III's notice by William Grenville, proved successful. Devereaux suggests that her impending fate lent weight to the eventual outcome of Hammett's bill, which was to abolish the burning of women for treason through the Treason Act 1790. Catherine Murphy, who at her execution in 1789 was "drest in a clean striped gown, a white ribbon, and a black ribbon round her cap", was the last woman in England to be burned.
See also
Arden of Faversham
Coventry Martyrs
Pleading the belly
References
Footnotes
Notes
Bibliography
Death of women
Execution methods
English criminal law
Medieval English law
Women in England
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41084240
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortall%20and%20Other%20Lands
|
Tortall and Other Lands
|
Tortall and Other Lands: A Collection of Tales is a collection of short stories by young adult fantasy author Tamora Pierce. The anthology includes stories set in Tortall, a fantasy kingdom appearing in many of Pierce's works, as well as stories set in the real world. In addition, besides gathering together Pierce's seven previously published short stories, Tortall and Other Lands includes three original stories written specifically for this collection.
Contents
Many of the stories in the collection have been published previously in anthologies and magazines. The stories are listed below in the order in which they appear in the book.
References
2012 short story collections
Tortallan books
Random House books
|
41084243
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estalkh%20Zir
|
Estalkh Zir
|
Estalkh Zir (, also Romanized as Esţalkh Zīr; also known as Seleh Cher) is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District of Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan province, Iran.
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 815 in 218 households. The following census in 2011 counted 831 people in 233 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 803 people in 267 households. It was the largest village in its rural district.
References
Masal County
Populated places in Gilan Province
Populated places in Masal County
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41084244
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barg%20Sara
|
Barg Sara
|
Barg Sara (, also Romanized as Barg Sarā; also known as Bargeh Sarā) is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 278, in 63 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084247
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomachar
|
Chomachar
|
Chomachar (, also Romanized as Chomāchār) is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 455, in 105 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084248
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamush%20Duzan
|
Chamush Duzan
|
Chamush Duzan (, also Romanized as Chamūsh Dūzān) is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 191, in 48 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084250
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delijan%2C%20Masal
|
Delijan, Masal
|
Delijan (, also Romanized as Delījān) is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 401, in 95 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084251
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garm%20Sar
|
Garm Sar
|
Garm Sar () is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 70, in 23 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084252
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalavarjan
|
Khalavarjan
|
Khalavarjan (, also Romanized as Khalavarjān; also known as Khalah Varjān) is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 185, in 53 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084253
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kureh%20Jan
|
Kureh Jan
|
Kureh Jan (, also Romanized as Kūreh Jān) is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 277, in 80 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084256
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir%20Mahalleh%2C%20Shanderman
|
Mir Mahalleh, Shanderman
|
Mir Mahalleh (, also Romanized as Mīr Maḩalleh) is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran.
Population
At the 2006 census, its population was 450, in 114 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084258
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molk%20Bogur
|
Molk Bogur
|
Molk Bogur (, also Romanized as Molk Bogūr) is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 82, in 19 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084260
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molk-e%20Jahan
|
Molk-e Jahan
|
Molk-e Jahan (, also Romanized as Molk-e Jahān) is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 323, in 80 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084262
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%20Sara%2C%20Shanderman
|
Pir Sara, Shanderman
|
Pir Sara (, also Romanized as Pīr Sarā; also known as Pīreh Sarā) is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 580, in 180 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084264
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qeran%2C%20Gilan
|
Qeran, Gilan
|
Qeran (, also Romanized as Qerān) is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 559, in 140 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084265
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siah%20Duleh
|
Siah Duleh
|
Siah Duleh (, also Romanized as Sīāh Dūleh; also known as Sīāh Daleh) is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 520, in 141 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084266
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheykh%20Neshin
|
Sheykh Neshin
|
Sheykh Neshin (, also Romanized as Sheykh Neshīn; also known as Shekhshin) is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 740, in 207 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084268
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuseh%20Sara
|
Tuseh Sara
|
Tuseh Sara (, also Romanized as Tūseh Sarā) is a village in Sheykh Neshin Rural District, Shanderman District, Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 569.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084294
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%20Sara
|
Pir Sara
|
Pir Sara () may refer to:
Pir Sara, Masal
Pir Sara, Shanderman, Masal County
Pir Sara, Rudbar
Pir Sara, Sowme'eh Sara
|
41084300
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qeran
|
Qeran
|
Qeran or Qerran () may refer to:
Qeran, Gilan
Qeran, Kurdistan
|
41084340
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahkalan
|
Ahkalan
|
Ahkalan (, also Romanized as Āhkalān; also known as Āhak Kalān, Āhak Kolān, and Āhak Kūreh) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 593, in 172 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084341
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkhaneh%2C%20Gilan
|
Darkhaneh, Gilan
|
Darkhaneh (, also Romanized as Darkhāneh) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 247, in 77 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084342
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duleh%20Malal
|
Duleh Malal
|
Duleh Malal (, also Romanized as Dūleh Malāl; also known as Dūlemalāl and Dyulamilan) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 826, in 204 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084344
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavmishban
|
Gavmishban
|
Gavmishban (, also Romanized as Gāvmīshbān; also known as Gāmīshbān) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 368, in 93 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084345
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gileh%20Sara
|
Gileh Sara
|
Gileh Sara (, also Romanized as Gīleh Sarā) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 683, in 173 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084346
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaneqah%20Bar
|
Khaneqah Bar
|
Khaneqah Bar (, also Romanized as Khāneqāh Bar; also known as Chamūsh Maḩalleh and Khāneqāh) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 690, in 183 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084347
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khvod%20Bechar
|
Khvod Bechar
|
Khvod Bechar (, also Romanized as Khowd Bechar) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 691, in 180 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084349
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisheh%20Khani
|
Kisheh Khani
|
Kisheh Khani (, also Romanized as Kīsheh Khānī) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 207, in 62 families. Said to be the place that Nicolas Flamel lived in, discovered through one of the several books RJ obtained in the deep web, in 2015
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084350
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchkam
|
Kuchkam
|
Kuchkam (, also Romanized as Kūchkām) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 520, in 142 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084352
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mileh%20Sara
|
Mileh Sara
|
Mileh Sara (, also Romanized as Mīleh Sarā) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,032, in 269 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084353
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markiyeh%2C%20Masal
|
Markiyeh, Masal
|
Markiyeh (, also Romanized as Markīyeh) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 739, in 190 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084354
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%20Sara%2C%20Masal
|
Pir Sara, Masal
|
Pir Sara (, also Romanized as Pīr Sarā; also known as Pīrehsarā) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 193, in 53 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084355
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyyed%20Mahalleh%2C%20Masal
|
Seyyed Mahalleh, Masal
|
Seyyed Mahalleh (, also Romanized as Seyyed Maḩalleh) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 168, in 53 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084356
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardum
|
Vardum
|
Vardum (, also Romanized as Vardūm; also known as Verdom) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,024, in 252 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084358
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veshmeh%20Sara
|
Veshmeh Sara
|
Veshmeh Sara (, also Romanized as Veshmeh Sarā) is a village in Howmeh Rural District of the Central District of Masal County, Gilan province, Iran.
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 1,213 in 308 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,386 people in 408 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 1,186 people in 395 households. It was the largest village in its rural district.
References
Masal County
Populated places in Gilan Province
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084362
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asb%20Rish
|
Asb Rish
|
Asb Rish (, also Romanized as Āsb Rīsh; also known as Asbeh Rīs) is a village in Masal Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 113, in 23 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084364
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesli
|
Chesli
|
Chesli (, also Romanized as Cheslī) is a village in Masal Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 469, in 108 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084367
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulkuh
|
Dulkuh
|
Dulkuh (, also Romanized as Dūlkūh) is a village in Masal Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 134, in 36 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084369
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garamkhani%2C%20Gilan
|
Garamkhani, Gilan
|
Garamkhani (, also Romanized as Garamkhānī; also known as Garamkhākhī and Karamkhānī) is a village in Masal Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 63, in 15 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084371
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khorum
|
Khorum
|
Khorum (, also Romanized as Khorūm) is a village in Masal Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 109, in 26 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084375
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuy%20Dul
|
Khuy Dul
|
Khuy Dul (, also Romanized as Khūy Dūl) is a village in Masal Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. Its existence was first mentioned in the 2006 Iranian census; however, its population was not mentioned.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084377
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanzer
|
Kanzer
|
Kanzer (, also Romanized as Kanz̄er; also known as Ganz̄ar, Ganzer, Geyānzīr, and Gianzir) is a village in Masal Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 381, in 89 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084379
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurbar
|
Kurbar
|
Kurbar (, also Romanized as Kūrbār; also known as Kūrbūr) is a village in Masal Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 183, in 41 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084422
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%20Thai%20Premier%20League
|
2014 Thai Premier League
|
The 2014 Thai Premier League (also known as Toyota Thai Premier League due to the sponsorship from Toyota) is the 18th season of the Thai Premier League since its establishment in 1996. A total of 20 teams are competing in the league. The season has begun on 22 February and will finish on 2 November.
Buriram United are the defending champions, having won their Thai Premier League title the previous season. Air Force Central, Singhtarua and PTT Rayong entered as the three promoted teams.
Teams
A total of 20 teams will contest the league, including 17 sides from the 2013 season and three promoted from the 2013 Thai Division 1 League.
Pattaya United were relegated to the 2014 Thai Division 1 League after finishing the 2013 season. They were replaced by the best three teams from the 2013 Thai Division 1 League champions Air Force Central, runners-up Singhtarua and third place PTT Rayong.
Stadiums locations
Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.
1 Osotspa Saraburi will use the Rajamangala Stadium as their temporary home whilst their home stadium, Saraburi Stadium's floodlights are upgraded.
2 Samut Songkhram used the Ratchaburi Stadium and Thai Army Sports Stadium until its floodlight is upgraded and the stadium is improved.
Personnel and sponsoring
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Managerial changes
Foreign players
The number of foreign players is restricted to seven per TPL team, but only five of them can be on the game sheet in each game. A team can use four foreign players on the field in each game, including at least one player from the AFC country.
League table
Results
Season statistics
Top scorers
As of 2 November 2014.
Top assists
As of 2 November 2014.
Hat-tricks
Awards
Monthly awards
Annual awards
Player of the Year
The Player of the Year was awarded to Suchao Nuchnum.
Coach of the Year
The Coach of the Year was awarded to Masahiro Wada.
Golden Boot
The Golden Boot of the Year was awarded to Heberty.
Fair Play
The Fair Play of the Year was awarded to Songkhla United.
Attendances
See also
2014 Thai Division 1 League
2014 Regional League Division 2
2014 Thai FA Cup
2014 Thai League Cup
2014 Kor Royal Cup
Thai Premier League All-Star Football
References
2014
1
|
41084447
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markiyeh
|
Markiyeh
|
Markiyeh () may refer to:
Markiyeh, Masal
Markiyeh, Sowme'eh Sara
Markiyeh Rural District, in Sowme'eh Sara
|
41084461
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulla%20De%20Geer
|
Ulla De Geer
|
Ulrika "Ulla" Sofia De Geer, née Sprengtporten (20 August 1793 – 22 September 1869 in Stockholm), was a politically influential Swedish countess and salon holder. She was married to the politician count Carl De Geer, over whom she is believed to have exerted influence, and was a central figure in the Stockholm high society in the mid-19th century.
Life
Ulla De Geer was born to Baron Johan Vilhelm Sprengtporten and Sophia Lovisa Mörner af Morlanda and the sister of the politician baron Jakob Wilhelm Sprengtporten. She married the politician count Carl De Geer in 1810. The marriage was arranged and she had been forced to abandon Karl Fredrik Reinhold von Essen, with whom she was truly in love. This caused a depression which attracted attention: after the death of von Essen in 1820, she publicly dressed in mourning as if she were a widow.
Ulla De Geer was a leading member of the Stockholm high society life and hosted a salon which was a center of political discussions. She used the ritualized system of visits and regular receptions to create valuable contacts which could be used to gather information and wild influence. She adhered strictly to ceremony, and it is described how her guests were to pass through three salons before reaching her, where she greeted them ceremoniously.
She rivaled Claire Lucie Mouradgea d'Ohsson (1776-1861), in whose salon foreign diplomat where to be introduced to the Swedish aristocracy, but Ulla De Geer has been described as the leading Swedish society hostess of her generation: through her connections, she belonged to those who set the tone for what was acceptable, and was described as a "powerful person in high society". Nils von Dardel once illustrated this by a drawing in which men from the court submissively bowed before her. Carl Gustaf von Brinkman was known to frequent her salon. De Geer was attributed political influence and believed to be responsible for Carl De Geer's siding with the opposition in the parliament of 1840.
When she was widowed in 1861, she retired from social life and stopped entertaining: her position as leading society hostess being taken over by the stepdaughter of her rival, Aurore Palin (1837-1909), and she restricted herself to socializing with her family and her English lady's companion Miss Carus.
The second half of the 19th century became a break with old customs within the Swedish aristocracy and the old system with ritualized visits and receptions dissipated. F. U. Wrangel described her as:
"the only one, who upheld the tradition with regular evening receptions within the Stockholm aristocracy. In her home, the creme de la creme of the highest society gathered, where the same cultivated conversation and manner thrived as in its role model in Faubourg Saint-Germain in Paris... she was in my opinion Sweden's last grande dame in the true meaning of the word."
References
Carl De Geer, urn:sbl:17344, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av B. Boethius. Herbert Lundh.), hämtad 2013-10-28.
Rundquist, Angela, Blått blod och liljevita händer: en etnologisk studie av aristokratiska kvinnor 1850–1900, Carlsson, Diss. Stockholm : Univ., Stockholm, 1989
1793 births
1869 deaths
Swedish salon-holders
Swedish countesses
19th-century Swedish nobility
19th-century Swedish women
Ulrika Sofia
|
41084550
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garm%20Khani
|
Garm Khani
|
Garm Khani or Garamkhani () may refer to:
Garamkhani, Gilan
Garm Khani, Lorestan
Garm Khani, Mazandaran
|
41084552
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Barreiro
|
Christian Barreiro
|
Christian Andreas Barreiro (born December 14, 1990) is an American soccer player who most recently played for Puerto Rico Islanders in the North American Soccer League.
Career
College and Amateur
Barreiro spent all four years of his collegiate career at the University of Pennsylvania. In 2008, he was one of only two freshman to start all 18 games for the Quakers. He finished the year with two goals and one assist. In 2009, Barreiro made 17 appearances and led the Quakers with 15 points. He finished tied for the team lead with six goals and also recorded three assists. In 2010, Barreiro started all 19 games for Penn and tallied five goals, including a Golden Goal against Bucknell in the first round of the NCAA Tournament, and seven assists. He went on to be named First-team All-Ivy and Third-team NSCAA All-Northeast Region. In his final year at the University of Pennsylvania in 2011, Barreiro led the Quakers in goals, assists and points. He made 17 appearances that year and tallied seven goals and seven assists, giving him 21 points. He was also named First-team All-Ivy for the second straight year as well as Second-team NSCAA All-Northeast Region and Academic All-Ivy.
Barreiro also spent the 2011 season with Reading United in the USL Premier Development League.
Professional
On January 17, 2012, Barreiro was drafted in the third round (50th overall) of the 2012 MLS Supplemental Draft by New York Red Bulls. However, he was cut from preseason camp in early February. He then joined PDL club Baltimore Bohemians where he made 13 appearances and scored three goals on his way to being named to the 2012 PDL All-Eastern Conference Team.
Shortly after the conclusion of the PDL season, Barreiro signed a professional contract with NASL side Puerto Rico Islanders. He made his professional debut on August 12 in a 1–0 defeat to FC Edmonton. He made two more appearances for the Islanders before the club announced that they would suspend all operations because of budget issues.
References
External links
University of Pennsylvania bio
1990 births
Living people
American expatriate men's soccer players
American men's soccer players
Men's association football midfielders
Baltimore Bohemians players
Expatriate men's footballers in Puerto Rico
New York Red Bulls draft picks
North American Soccer League (2011–2017) players
Penn Quakers men's soccer players
Puerto Rico Islanders players
Reading United AC players
Soccer players from Baltimore
USL League Two players
|
41084602
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari%20Hiran
|
Kari Hiran
|
Kari Rasmusdatter Hiran (), was a Norwegian farmer and war heroine. She is known for her act during the invasion of Norway by Charles XII of Sweden during the Great Northern War in 1716. She gave the Swedish army false information about the size and plans of the Norwegian army, which evidently caused the Swedish monarch to interrupt his attempt to conquer Norway and return to Sweden. A memorial stone was raised for her in 1956.
See also
Brita Olsdotter
References
Tavle 14: Benteplassen», Kulturminneløypa.no
Norheim, Olav: «Den modige finnekjærringa», Terra Buskerud. Historieboka.no
17th-century births
18th-century deaths
People of the Great Northern War
Women in 18th-century warfare
18th-century Norwegian people
Women in European warfare
18th-century Norwegian women
|
41084638
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lir%2C%20Masal
|
Lir, Masal
|
Lir (, also Romanized as Līr) is a village in Masal Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 44, in 11 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084640
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masuleh%20Khani
|
Masuleh Khani
|
Masuleh Khani (, also Romanized as Māsūleh Khānī and Māsūlehkhānī) is a village in Masal Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 91, in 17 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084642
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehdikhan%20Mahalleh
|
Mehdikhan Mahalleh
|
Mehdikhan Mahalleh (, also Romanized as Mehdīkhān Maḩalleh; also known as Karmalāt and Mehdī Maḩalleh) is a village in Masal Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 434, in 124 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084643
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir%20Mahalleh%2C%20Masal
|
Mir Mahalleh, Masal
|
Mir Mahalleh (, also Romanized as Mīr Maḩalleh; also known as Mīr Maḩal) is a village in Masal Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 390, in 114 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084645
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesa%2C%20Gilan
|
Nesa, Gilan
|
Nesa (, also Romanized as Nesā’ and Nesā) is a village in Masal Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 167, in 40 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084646
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizeh%20Mandan
|
Rizeh Mandan
|
Rizeh Mandan (, also Romanized as Rīzeh Mandān; also known as Rīzmandan) is a village in Masal Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 26, in 7 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
41084647
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalma%2C%20Masal
|
Shalma, Masal
|
Shalma (, also Romanized as Shālmā and Shalmā; also known as Shalmah and Shālmā Khorūm) is a village in Masal Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 372, in 96 families.
References
Populated places in Masal County
|
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