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creative_writing | [
{
"content": "A las vegas seven days trip itinerary including budget and activities for a group of 5 friends.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A las vegas 7-day trip from Bangalore to Las Vegas for a group of 5 people.\nA trip begins with packing. Check the weather forecast for all your travel destinations and plan your clothes accordingly.\nYour bag itinerary must have common medicines, and also, if you are allergic, be specific about packing what you need.\nAlways keep a pair of cloth in cabin baggage if check-in baggage has a delay - you can stay a day or two with the clothes packed in cabin baggage. \nMake sure to have some snacks in the cabin baggage \nMake sure to keep travel documents copy set in all luggage you carry. Make sure to have some local currency as well ready before you travel.\nMake sure all hotels, Airport pickup and drop are booked, and you keep a copy of those documents.\nFlight charges from Bangalore to LasVegas cost between 130k to 180k per person depending on the carrier and seat preference( Economy or first class)\nNow that you have done pre checklist, now below are the things to do in Las Vegas\nIn Las Vegas - Visit the Bellagio fountain at night.\nCheck out High Roller Observation Wheel\nVisit the Neon Museum\nWalk at night in the las vegas strip\nIf you are interested in casinos, tons of casinos start from the Airport. In the las vegas strip, you can visit MGM Grand, The Venetian, etc., for Casinos. \nVisit the Shark Reef Aquarium at Mandalay Bay\nVisit the Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area\nYou can hire a rental car - The cost per day is approx. 70 to 100 USD per person if divided by all five people\nVisit the Hoover Dam in a car\nNext, you can plan for Zion National Park and prepare for hiking trails. \nNext move to Grand Canyon \nStay in Page, Arizona \nFrom there, you can visit GC National Park's South rim and north rim\nDon't miss Horseshoe Bend and Grand Canyon Lower and Upper Antelope Canyon tours\nSo these places can be covered in LasVegas for three days and Page, Arizona for three days\nYou can head back to LasVegas and Shopping for one day and catch the next flight back to your hometown\nExpenses per person per day, 1000 USD to 1500 USD, depending on whether you are in a budget hotel. Except for Food. Food costs up to 50 to 100 USD per day.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| A las vegas seven days trip itinerary including budget and activities for a group of 5 friends. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are some different ways a person could commute to work?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "drive, ride a bicycle, walk, ride scooter, participate in a carpool, use public transportation",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some different ways a person could commute to work? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Why do you love to work hard",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It will keep you stay focus, make you productive and lead you to success",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why do you love to work hard |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are the names of the lines on Hong Kong's MTR network?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- Island Line\n- Tsuen Wan Line\n- Kwun Tong Line\n- South Island Line\n- Tseung Kwan O Line\n- Tung Chung Line & Disneyland Resort Line\n- East Rail Line\n- Tuen Ma Line\n- Airport Express",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the names of the lines on Hong Kong's MTR network? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Vegavis, Continental Tiger",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Continental Tiger is alive, Vegavis is extinct.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Vegavis, Continental Tiger |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the capital of Georgia?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Atlanta is the Capital of Georgia",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the capital of Georgia? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How to win and make friends?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "As simple as this sounds, in reality, making friends and winning them is one of the toughest processes. Good friends are the biggest boon to life. It takes a lot of effort to know and understand people and make them friends. Here are a couple of qualities to have in us to make and win friends for life:\n1. Along with their names, remember the name of their spouse/children/ any closest person they usually mention\n2. Genuinely show interest and listen to them when they talk\n3. Encourage them to talk about their interests\n4. Don't criticize but understand them\n5. Admit when you are wrong\n6. Respect their opinions and don't judge",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How to win and make friends? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What does airplane glide ratio mean?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Airplane glide ratio is a measure of an airplane's glide performance. It is the ratio between distance forward to distance downward for an airplane in free, unpowered flight. Glide ratio is affected by properties such as aerodynamical drag, wing construction, and more. Sailplanes are among the most efficient airplanes, achieving glide ratios over 70:1.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What does airplane glide ratio mean? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which one among the following three words is different to the others: Noisy, Friendly, Adventurous? Why?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Noisy is different to Friendly and Adventurous, as it is in negative sentiment, while the others are positive.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which one among the following three words is different to the others: Noisy, Friendly, Adventurous? Why? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How to make movies?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "To make movies, you need to have a few things - money, talent and contacts. First, pick a story. If you don’t like existing ones you can write one. Next, decide on starcast that fits the story. Next you want to find a director for the movie. After that comes filming. Once the film is ready after edits, you are ready to distribute and rake in some money.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How to make movies? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "If you found yourself washed up on a deserted tropical island with no hope for immediate rescue, what would you do?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The immediate first step is to ensure you are not materially injured. Assuming your only manifestation of harm is a psychological roller coaster of fear, anger and hopelessness, your best course of action is to attend to your basic needs first. \n\nLocate a protected space away from the wind but not too deep into the surrounding jungle, built a fire pit and gather enough combustable materials to carry you through the first few evenings. Find fresh water and someway to hold it (open coconut shells / fashioned palm leave bowls etc) - DO NOT DRINK IT until you boil it first over your new fire so you mitigate the risk of getting sick. Before your first nightfall with secure fire and water taken care of, build yourself a make shift shelter so you are protected from the elements and yet to be discovered critters. \n\nDay two, focus your energies gathering food (coconuts / seaweed / clams etc) so you keep your energy high. Once your very basic needs are met (shelter / water / food to survive), its time to fashion a fishing pole and a sharp spear out of bamboo so you can fish and hunt for birds to expand your food sources. \n\nDay three, focus your energy on building yourself a more permanent shelter. Explore the island for wood and rock sources; along with large palm leave you can fashion rope from. While exploring your new home, look for caves and / or places where you could construct a tree fort so you can improve your protected living space.\n\nWeek 2, once your new living quarters are secured and you have sustainable methods to care for your basic needs, climb to the highest point of the island and look for nearby islands / land and any indication of human habitation. While searching for these indicators, assess methods of island escape to get through any surf and start tracking wind and weather patterns daily so you can get a feel for the seasonal rotations.\n\nWeek 3 +, dedicate 3-4 hours a day to building signal fires and SOS stone messages that overheard planes may be able to detect. It is also important to manage your mental health and track daily changes so you keep your sanity in check as you adjust to the new reality.\n\nCreate a way to chronicle your experiences. One day you will escape your island and can sell your story to Hollywood. Of course, if you never do escape, you will at least have the comfort of leaving something behind for eventual discovery of proof you did survive the incident that landed you on this island.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| If you found yourself washed up on a deserted tropical island with no hope for immediate rescue, what would you do? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Dollu, Tidinet",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tidinet is string, Dollu is percussion.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Dollu, Tidinet |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How do you make an old fashioned?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "An old fashioned is a cocktail drink which can be made with Rye or Bourbon whiskey. It is made by muddling sugar, adding, Angostura bitters, water, whiskey (typically rye or bourbon), and garnishing with an orange slice and a cocktail cherry. A great cherry for old fashioneds is a Luxardo cherry.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do you make an old fashioned? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are the names of five of the best Pokemon cards and why?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1) Tera Arcanine EX (it's very powerful)\n2) Tera Gyarados EX (it's also very powerful)\n3) Snorlax VMAX (has a lot of health points)\n4) Illustrators Pikachu (it's worth a lot of money)\n5) First edition Shaddowless Holo Charizard (because it's a very rare card)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the names of five of the best Pokemon cards and why? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "After decades of development, ASML shipped the first production extreme ultraviolet lithography machine in 2013. These machines produce light in the 13.5 nm wavelength range when a high-energy laser is focused on microscopic droplets of molten tin to produce a plasma, which then emits EUV light. The light is bounced off Zeiss mirrors that are the flattest mirrors in the world, on to the surface of a silicon wafer to deliver the designs for the chip. ASML's best-selling EUV product has been the Twinscan NXE:3600D, which costs up to $200 million. Shipping the machine requires 40 shipping containers, 20 trucks and three Boeing 747s. As of 2022, ASML has shipped around 140 EUV systems, and it is the only company to manufacture them.\n\nASML is working on the next generation of EUV systems, with the first shipments to customers for R&D purposes expected to take place at the end of 2023. The platform is designated High-NA as it will increase the numerical aperture (NA) from 0.33 to 0.55, and each system is expected to cost $300 million. Based on this passage, how many Boeing 747s are required to ship 10 of ASML's best-selling EUVs?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The best-selling EUV is the Twinscan NXE:3600D, and it takes 3 Boeing 747s per EUV, so 30 Boeing 747s are required to ship ten Twinscan NXE:3600Ds.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| After decades of development, ASML shipped the first production extreme ultraviolet lithography machine in 2013. These machines produce light in the 13.5 nm wavelength range when a high-energy laser is focused on microscopic droplets of molten tin to produce a plasma, which then emits EUV light. The light is bounced off Zeiss mirrors that are the flattest mirrors in the world, on to the surface of a silicon wafer to deliver the designs for the chip. ASML's best-selling EUV product has been the Twinscan NXE:3600D, which costs up to $200 million. Shipping the machine requires 40 shipping containers, 20 trucks and three Boeing 747s. As of 2022, ASML has shipped around 140 EUV systems, and it is the only company to manufacture them.
ASML is working on the next generation of EUV systems, with the first shipments to customers for R&D purposes expected to take place at the end of 2023. The platform is designated High-NA as it will increase the numerical aperture (NA) from 0.33 to 0.55, and each system is expected to cost $300 million. Based on this passage, how many Boeing 747s are required to ship 10 of ASML's best-selling EUVs? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "List some characters from South Park.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Eric Cartman, Kenny McCormick, Butters Stotch, Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Tweek Tweak, Mr. Garrison, Mr. Hat, Craig Tucker",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| List some characters from South Park. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "West's outspoken views have received significant media coverage; he has been a frequent source of controversy due to his conduct on social media and at awards shows and public settings, as well as his comments on the music and fashion industries, U.S. politics, race, and slavery. His Christian faith, high-profile marriage to Kim Kardashian, and mental health have also been topics of media attention. In 2020, West launched an unsuccessful independent presidential campaign that primarily advocated for a consistent life ethic. In 2022, he was widely condemned and lost many sponsors and partnerships—including his collaborations with Adidas, Gap, and Balenciaga—after making a series of antisemitic statements. In November 2022, he announced his 2024 presidential campaign, appearing publicly with Nick Fuentes, a white supremacist. West later publicly praised Adolf Hitler, denied the Holocaust, and identified as a Nazi. Why has West been a source of controversy recently?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "West began making antisemitic comments on Twitter and on other news sources in 2022. His comments directly attacked Jewish people and denounced parts of history such as the Holocaust. Once he made his comments, many organizations that he was partnered with dropped him because of the backlash received by their customers.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| West's outspoken views have received significant media coverage; he has been a frequent source of controversy due to his conduct on social media and at awards shows and public settings, as well as his comments on the music and fashion industries, U.S. politics, race, and slavery. His Christian faith, high-profile marriage to Kim Kardashian, and mental health have also been topics of media attention. In 2020, West launched an unsuccessful independent presidential campaign that primarily advocated for a consistent life ethic. In 2022, he was widely condemned and lost many sponsors and partnerships—including his collaborations with Adidas, Gap, and Balenciaga—after making a series of antisemitic statements. In November 2022, he announced his 2024 presidential campaign, appearing publicly with Nick Fuentes, a white supremacist. West later publicly praised Adolf Hitler, denied the Holocaust, and identified as a Nazi. Why has West been a source of controversy recently? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the futures?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Futures are a type of derivative contract agreement to buy or sell a specific commodity asset or security at a set future date for a set price. Futures contracts, or simply \"futures,\" are traded on futures exchanges like the CME Group and require a brokerage account that's approved to trade futures.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the futures? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. Based on the 1812 German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, it is the first full-length traditionally animated feature film and the first Disney animated feature film. The production was supervised by David Hand, and the film's sequences were directed by Perce Pearce, William Cottrell, Larry Morey, Wilfred Jackson, and Ben Sharpsteen. What is Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is an animated musical fantasy film produced in 1937. It was produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. It is the first full-length traditionally animated feature film and the first animated feature film from Disney.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. Based on the 1812 German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, it is the first full-length traditionally animated feature film and the first Disney animated feature film. The production was supervised by David Hand, and the film's sequences were directed by Perce Pearce, William Cottrell, Larry Morey, Wilfred Jackson, and Ben Sharpsteen. What is Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me some movie/tv series to learn English",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are several tv series that can be used to learn English. \n\n1. \"Friends\" is an American television sitcom that lasts ten seasons from Sep 22, 1994 to May 6, 2004. The show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. The language used in Friends is casual and not challenging to understand. Watching Friends to learn English will help you to build up your vocabulary. \n\n2. \"The Big Bang Theory\" is an American television sitcom about two physicists at Caltech who share an apartment and their friends. The show has some challenging English word that requires some domain knowledge to understand. This show is recommended to people who have an intermediate English level.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me some movie/tv series to learn English |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are examples of endocrine disruptors?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "BPA (bisphenol-A), phthalates, parabens and xenoestrogens are some examples of EDC's (endocrine disrupting chemicals).",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are examples of endocrine disruptors? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the purpose of life?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "This is a philosophical question that many people over the course of history have asked. Some people say that there is no purpose of life while some say the purpose of life is what you make of it. There is no way to tell which answer is correct because there doesn't exists any source of truth to compare with.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the purpose of life? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the India’s Foreign Exchange Reserves as on week ended Sept 23, 2022?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "$545.65 bn",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the India’s Foreign Exchange Reserves as on week ended Sept 23, 2022? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the volume of a square pyramid?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1/3 * base^2 * height",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the volume of a square pyramid? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Categorize these movies that came out in 1999 as cartoons or live-action: The Matrix, Stuart Little, Cruel Intentions, The Iron Giant, The Blair Witch Project, South Park: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut, The Sixth Sense",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cartoons: Stuart Little, The Iron Giant, South Park: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut\nLive action: The Matrix, Cruel Intentions, The Blair Witch Project, The Sixth Sense",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Categorize these movies that came out in 1999 as cartoons or live-action: The Matrix, Stuart Little, Cruel Intentions, The Iron Giant, The Blair Witch Project, South Park: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut, The Sixth Sense |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the different ways to score in American football?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The most common way to score in American football is a touchdown, which is worth 6 points. After each touchdown, you have the option of scoring 1 or 2 points during the \"extra point\". Many teams elect to kick field goals when they can't get close enough to score a touchdown. Field goals are worth 3 points each. Defensive players can also score a safety, which is worth 2 points.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the different ways to score in American football? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Roman Forum, also known by its Latin name Forum Romanum (Italian: Foro Romano), is a rectangular forum (plaza) surrounded by the ruins of several important ancient government buildings at the center of the city of Rome. Citizens of the ancient city referred to this space, originally a marketplace, as the Forum Magnum, or simply the Forum.\n\nFor centuries the Forum was the center of day-to-day life in Rome: the site of triumphal processions and elections; the venue for public speeches, criminal trials, and gladiatorial matches; and the nucleus of commercial affairs. Here statues and monuments commemorated the city's great men. The teeming heart of ancient Rome, it has been called the most celebrated meeting place in the world, and in all history. Located in the small valley between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills, the Forum today is a sprawling ruin of architectural fragments and intermittent archaeological excavations attracting 4.5 million or more sightseers yearly. Why is the forum in Rome named the forum?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Forum in Rome is the location of the ruins of the ancient city of Rome. The forum is derived from Latin, meaning rectangular plaza. The plaza was the center of activity in Rome. Staging speeches trials and public gatherings.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Roman Forum, also known by its Latin name Forum Romanum (Italian: Foro Romano), is a rectangular forum (plaza) surrounded by the ruins of several important ancient government buildings at the center of the city of Rome. Citizens of the ancient city referred to this space, originally a marketplace, as the Forum Magnum, or simply the Forum.
For centuries the Forum was the center of day-to-day life in Rome: the site of triumphal processions and elections; the venue for public speeches, criminal trials, and gladiatorial matches; and the nucleus of commercial affairs. Here statues and monuments commemorated the city's great men. The teeming heart of ancient Rome, it has been called the most celebrated meeting place in the world, and in all history. Located in the small valley between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills, the Forum today is a sprawling ruin of architectural fragments and intermittent archaeological excavations attracting 4.5 million or more sightseers yearly. Why is the forum in Rome named the forum? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. What is Type 2 Diabetes?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Symptoms may also include increased hunger, feeling tired, and sores (wounds) that do not heal. Often symptoms come on slowly. Long-term complications from high blood sugar include heart disease, strokes, diabetic retinopathy which can result in blindness, kidney failure, and poor blood flow in the limbs which may lead to amputations. The sudden onset of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state may occur; however, ketoacidosis is uncommon.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. What is Type 2 Diabetes? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Why should I visit Netherlands?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are many museums in the Netherlands that you can visit. Netherlands has had many famous painters. The city center of Amsterdam is also very nice. It is also considered as one of the best party places in the Europe. There are many famous events that you can join and enjoy.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why should I visit Netherlands? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Black rice, also known as purple rice or forbidden rice, is a range of rice types of the species Oryza sativa, some of which are glutinous rice.\n\nThere are several varieties of black rice available today. These include Indonesian black rice, Philippine heirloom balatinaw black rice and pirurutong black glutinous rice, and Thai jasmine black rice. Black rice is known as chak-hao in Manipur, India.\n\nIn Bangladesh, it is known as kalo dhaner chaal (black paddy rice) and used to make polao or rice-based desserts. The bran hull (outermost layer) of black rice contains one of the highest levels of anthocyanins found in food. The grain has a similar amount of fiber to brown rice and like brown rice, has a mild, nutty taste.\n\nBlack rice has a deep black color and usually turns deep purple when cooked. Its dark purple color is primarily due to its anthocyanin content, which is higher by weight than that of other colored grains. It is suitable for creating porridge, dessert, traditional Chinese black rice cake, bread, and noodles. What is Black rice?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Black rice is also known as purple or forbidden rice and is a range within the Oryza sativa, some of the most glutinous rice. When cooked, black rice usually turns deep purple. There are several varieties of black rice available today which include Indonesian black rice, Philippine heirloom black rice and Thai jasmine black rice. In India, black rice is known as chak-hao. In Bangladesh, black rice is used to make desserts.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Black rice, also known as purple rice or forbidden rice, is a range of rice types of the species Oryza sativa, some of which are glutinous rice.
There are several varieties of black rice available today. These include Indonesian black rice, Philippine heirloom balatinaw black rice and pirurutong black glutinous rice, and Thai jasmine black rice. Black rice is known as chak-hao in Manipur, India.
In Bangladesh, it is known as kalo dhaner chaal (black paddy rice) and used to make polao or rice-based desserts. The bran hull (outermost layer) of black rice contains one of the highest levels of anthocyanins found in food. The grain has a similar amount of fiber to brown rice and like brown rice, has a mild, nutty taste.
Black rice has a deep black color and usually turns deep purple when cooked. Its dark purple color is primarily due to its anthocyanin content, which is higher by weight than that of other colored grains. It is suitable for creating porridge, dessert, traditional Chinese black rice cake, bread, and noodles. What is Black rice? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "YouTube has been led by a CEO since its founding in 2005, and has retained this leadership model even after its acquisition by Google. The current CEO is Neal Mohan, who was appointed on February 16, 2023. Extract the dates from the following.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "February 16, 2023",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| YouTube has been led by a CEO since its founding in 2005, and has retained this leadership model even after its acquisition by Google. The current CEO is Neal Mohan, who was appointed on February 16, 2023. Extract the dates from the following. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Which gameshow host is a vegetarian?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Bob Barker, the longest serving host of The Price is Right, is a vegetarian and forbade meat products from being displayed on the gameshow.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which gameshow host is a vegetarian? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Please explain why adding more indexes to a relational database is not always beneficial for speeding up workloads.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "At a high level, an index over a specific table can speed up the execution of a query that accesses the table provided that the query references a compatible subset of columns that the index covers and that the cost of using the index is lower than alternatives (e.g., simply scanning the whole table or using another index). At the same time, the index needs to be kept up-to-date with the table, which means that each table update (insertion or deletion of new rows, or updates to existing rows for the columns that the index covers) will now cost more as the relational database system has to also propagate the update to the index. Thus, the usefulness of adding an index to a workload will depend on the fraction of queries that can benefit from the index, and on the mix of queries and updates.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Please explain why adding more indexes to a relational database is not always beneficial for speeding up workloads. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are some of the most famous rock bands from Seattle, Washington?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Famous rock bands from Seattle include Nirvana, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, and Foo Fighters.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some of the most famous rock bands from Seattle, Washington? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What is an RSU?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A restricted stock unit or RSU is the right to receive a share of common stock (or an equivalent value in cash) upon certain vesting conditions. \n\nFollowing satisfaction of certain vesting conditions, the company would deliver to the holder of the RSUs whole shares of common stock, cash or a combination of common stock and cash. RSUs generally vest when two conditions are met - a service vest period has been satisfied, and an exit liquidity event has occurred prior to the expiration date of the RSUs. \nSome companies also require the individuals to be employed at or providing services to the company upon satisfaction of the exit liquidity event. \n\nAt this time, the RSUs will be settled and taxes will be owed on the full value of the settled shares (or cash) at regular compensation tax rates (based on the fair market value of the common stock at the time of settlement). \n\nUnlike options, RSUs have value even if the value of the company declines (since there is no exercise price to pay), but still provide upside based on the company’s results over time. Because there is no exercise payment required, a grant of RSUs usually consists of a smaller number of shares than a grant of options.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is an RSU? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Categorize each of the following foods based on the five taste sensations (sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami).",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mushrooms: umami\nSwiss chard: bitter\nCoffee: bitter\nLemon: sour\nFish sauce: umami\nKale: bitter\nApple: sweet\nBeef jerky: salty\nParmesan cheese: salty",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Categorize each of the following foods based on the five taste sensations (sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami). |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write a response to a veteran interested in renting my house",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hello,\n\nThank you for your inquiry, it’s so nice to meet you. We’d love to keep our home in the vet community, thank you for your service! When would you prefer to move in?\n\nI’ll send you our rental application for you to complete as a next step.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write a response to a veteran interested in renting my house |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the best NFL football team of all time?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It depends on how you measure 'best'. If best refers to most Super Bowls won, then the Pittsburgh Steelers, New England Patriots, and San Francisco 49ers are the best teams. If best refers to the team that scored the most points, then I would look up which team in which year scored the most points in a single season on NFL.com. If best refers to my personal favorite team, then I would choose the Seattle Seahawks because that is where I grew up and first started loving football.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the best NFL football team of all time? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who was the greatest President of the United States of America?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Abraham Lincoln, he served as our 16th president from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. He led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in abolishing slavery. He was moderate Republican who started out as a Prairie lawyer.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who was the greatest President of the United States of America? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The U.S. Space Force traces its roots to the beginning of the Cold War, with the first Army Air Forces space programs starting in 1945. In 1954, the Western Development Division, under General Bernard Schriever, was established as the first dedicated space organization within the U.S. Armed Forces and continues to exist as the Space Force's Space and Missile Systems Center. Military space forces were organized under several different Air Force major commands until they were unified when Air Force Space Command was established on 1 September 1982. U.S. space forces first began conducting combat support operations in the Vietnam War and continued to provide satellite communications, weather, and navigation support during the 1982 Falklands War, 1983 United States invasion of Grenada, 1986 United States bombing of Libya, and 1989 United States invasion of Panama. The first major employment of space forces culminated in the Gulf War, where they proved so critical to the U.S.-led coalition that it is sometimes referred to as the first \"space war\".\n\nThe first discussions of creating a military space service occurred in 1958, and it was nearly established in 1982 by President Ronald Reagan as part of the Strategic Defense Initiative, but the idea dissolved with treaty compliance concerns. A 2001 Space Commission argued for the creation of a Space Corps around 2007–2011, but no action was taken by the Obama Administration. On 20 December 2019, the United States Space Force Act was signed into law as part of the National Defense Authorization Act, reorganizing Air Force Space Command and other space elements into the United States Space Force, and creating the first new independent military service since the Army Air Forces were reorganized as the U.S. Air Force in 1947. From the passage below, please extract the official starting date of the United States Space Force.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The United States Space Force Act was signed into law as part of the National Defense Authorization Act on December 20, 2019. This act reorganized the Air Force Space Command and other space elements into the United States Space Force, and officially created the first new independent military service since the Army Air Forces were reorganized as the U.S. Air Force in 1947.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The U.S. Space Force traces its roots to the beginning of the Cold War, with the first Army Air Forces space programs starting in 1945. In 1954, the Western Development Division, under General Bernard Schriever, was established as the first dedicated space organization within the U.S. Armed Forces and continues to exist as the Space Force's Space and Missile Systems Center. Military space forces were organized under several different Air Force major commands until they were unified when Air Force Space Command was established on 1 September 1982. U.S. space forces first began conducting combat support operations in the Vietnam War and continued to provide satellite communications, weather, and navigation support during the 1982 Falklands War, 1983 United States invasion of Grenada, 1986 United States bombing of Libya, and 1989 United States invasion of Panama. The first major employment of space forces culminated in the Gulf War, where they proved so critical to the U.S.-led coalition that it is sometimes referred to as the first "space war".
The first discussions of creating a military space service occurred in 1958, and it was nearly established in 1982 by President Ronald Reagan as part of the Strategic Defense Initiative, but the idea dissolved with treaty compliance concerns. A 2001 Space Commission argued for the creation of a Space Corps around 2007–2011, but no action was taken by the Obama Administration. On 20 December 2019, the United States Space Force Act was signed into law as part of the National Defense Authorization Act, reorganizing Air Force Space Command and other space elements into the United States Space Force, and creating the first new independent military service since the Army Air Forces were reorganized as the U.S. Air Force in 1947. From the passage below, please extract the official starting date of the United States Space Force. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "First, it's important to know what your goal is with a bicycle. If you go out with the family, you can choose a regular bicycle, but if you go to use for competition, it is better to choose a more sophisticated carbon fiber bicycle, for gain more performance in races.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It is correct, but I would also recommend checking the purpose of buying a bicycle, and evaluate the cost-benefit.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| First, it's important to know what your goal is with a bicycle. If you go out with the family, you can choose a regular bicycle, but if you go to use for competition, it is better to choose a more sophisticated carbon fiber bicycle, for gain more performance in races. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Was the new deal successful or a failure to solve the problems of the Great Depression?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The new deal was a success to solve the problems caused by the Great Depression because he took action quickly, he passed many acts, and he kept the moral up for the people. Franklin Roosevelt writes \"This is no usolvable prroblem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war.\" Roosevelt is saying that unlike Hoover, he was going to take action on what was happening. Anything he will do will be treated as if it was war because it was affecting them as much as war would. The New Deal Legislation shows that Franklin Roosevelt had a god relationship with Congress. 11 new acts were passed in 6 years while Rosevelt was in office. This helps people get jobs, lower prices, and help people get money they deserve. Roosevelt says \"This great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. This shows that Rosevelt knows how to lead people even in the hard time. He knew while it was bad, everyone will look to him, so he can't seem scared and he can't kill the moral of the people. With all of this, Roosevelt was able to lead the country away from the Great Depression and started to get them out of it.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Was the new deal successful or a failure to solve the problems of the Great Depression? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Is Blind a reliable source for information?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Blind is an app where the tech community can anonymously post opinions and polls. Because of the anonymity of the users, it can be reliable because people can post opinions unfiltered without the fear of repercussions (although there is an anti bullying policy that is enforced by banning users if they violate the policy). Ironically, the anonymity is also what can lead to unreliable information as many opinions are users trolling each other and giving exaggerated and false responses.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Is Blind a reliable source for information? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why is football/soccer called the beautiful game.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No one exactly knows where the phrase come from, but it was popularized by Pelé during his career. Football is played by 200 countries, and half of the world’s population turns in to watch the World Cup. The sport is beloved for its ability to bring fans from all over the world together, its unpredictable nature, the skill and artistry of the players footwork, goals and it's truly a team sport, where anyone has an opportunity to score the goal that takes your team to victory. It's an equalizer, no need for helmets, pads, and any other fancy equipment, all you need are your feet and a ball to play the beautiful game.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why is football/soccer called the beautiful game. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Irina Anatolyevna Aksyonova (also Aksenova, Russian: Ирина Анатольевна Аксёнова; born 24 September 1962) is a retired Russian swimmer. She won bronze medals in the 4 × 100 m medley relay at the 1978 World Aquatics Championships and 1980 Summer Olympics, where she swam for the Soviet Union team in the preliminaries. At the 1980 Olympics she also finished fourth in the 800 m, fifth in the 400 m and eighth in the 200 m freestyle events.\n\nBetween 1977 and 1980 she won seven national titles and set five national records in 200–800 m freestyle events. However, when her medley relay team finished third at the 1978 World Championships, she was swimming the 100 m butterfly leg. Currently she lives in Czech Republic. Use the text to tell me what competitions Irina Aksyonova won or placed highly in.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Irina Aksyonova placed highly or won medals in many competitions, including the 1978 World Aquatics Championships, where she won a bronze medal, and the 1980 Summer Olympics where she won a bronze medal and also placed highly in the 800 meter, 400 meter, and 200 meter freestyle event. She also won third place in the 1978 World Championships. She also won seven national titles.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Irina Anatolyevna Aksyonova (also Aksenova, Russian: Ирина Анатольевна Аксёнова; born 24 September 1962) is a retired Russian swimmer. She won bronze medals in the 4 × 100 m medley relay at the 1978 World Aquatics Championships and 1980 Summer Olympics, where she swam for the Soviet Union team in the preliminaries. At the 1980 Olympics she also finished fourth in the 800 m, fifth in the 400 m and eighth in the 200 m freestyle events.
Between 1977 and 1980 she won seven national titles and set five national records in 200–800 m freestyle events. However, when her medley relay team finished third at the 1978 World Championships, she was swimming the 100 m butterfly leg. Currently she lives in Czech Republic. Use the text to tell me what competitions Irina Aksyonova won or placed highly in. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Is Slovenia a nice place to take a food fueled vacation?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, for sure, Slovenia regularly ranks super-highly in terms of safety, sustainability, and friendliness. The whole country was also awarded the “European Region of Gastronomy” title for 2021, and a few years before that, chef Ana Roš was named World’s Best Female Chef",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Is Slovenia a nice place to take a food fueled vacation? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Lakshmi Puja is celebrated as a part of Tihar, a second national festival of Nepal after Dashain. In Nepal, it is celebrated for five days, which include Kag (crow) Tihar; Kukur (dog) Tihar; Gai (cow) Tihar in the morning and Lakshmi Puja at night; Maha puja (self puja); Goru (Ox and Bull) Tihar and Gobardhan puja; and finally, Bhai Tika (Bhai dhooj)—respectively the first, second, third, fourth and fifth days. What is the last festival celebrated in Tihar and how long does the festival last?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The festival lasts for 5 days and Bhai Tika is the last festival.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Lakshmi Puja is celebrated as a part of Tihar, a second national festival of Nepal after Dashain. In Nepal, it is celebrated for five days, which include Kag (crow) Tihar; Kukur (dog) Tihar; Gai (cow) Tihar in the morning and Lakshmi Puja at night; Maha puja (self puja); Goru (Ox and Bull) Tihar and Gobardhan puja; and finally, Bhai Tika (Bhai dhooj)—respectively the first, second, third, fourth and fifth days. What is the last festival celebrated in Tihar and how long does the festival last? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What does the acronym MEDDPICC stand for?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "MEDDPICC is a sales acronym that stands for Metric, Economic Buyer, Decision Criteria, Decision Process, Paper Process, Identified Pain, Champion and Competition. MEDDPICC is leveraged as a methodology and can be applied to any complex sales process. Sales Managers will use MEDDPICC to inspect deals to determine if the deal is committable for a particular quarter.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What does the acronym MEDDPICC stand for? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is difference between ECS and EC2?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The largest difference for EC2 is that it deploys isolated VM instances with auto scaling support, and ECS deploys scalable clusters of managed Docker containers.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is difference between ECS and EC2? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Abraham Lincoln (/ˈlɪŋkən/ LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.\n\nLincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin in Kentucky and was raised on the frontier, primarily in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. Congressman from Illinois. In 1849, he returned to his successful law practice in central Illinois. In 1854, he was angered by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to slavery, and he re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the new Republican Party. He reached a national audience in the 1858 Senate campaign debates against Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln ran for president in 1860, sweeping the North to gain victory. Pro-slavery elements in the South viewed his election as a threat to slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. During this time, the newly formed Confederate States of America began seizing federal military bases in the south. Just over one month after Lincoln assumed the presidency, the Confederate States attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort in South Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lincoln mobilized forces to suppress the rebellion and restore the union. From the passage provided, extract the state Lincoln was born in",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Lincoln was born in the state of Kentucky",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Abraham Lincoln (/ˈlɪŋkən/ LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.
Lincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin in Kentucky and was raised on the frontier, primarily in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. Congressman from Illinois. In 1849, he returned to his successful law practice in central Illinois. In 1854, he was angered by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to slavery, and he re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the new Republican Party. He reached a national audience in the 1858 Senate campaign debates against Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln ran for president in 1860, sweeping the North to gain victory. Pro-slavery elements in the South viewed his election as a threat to slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. During this time, the newly formed Confederate States of America began seizing federal military bases in the south. Just over one month after Lincoln assumed the presidency, the Confederate States attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort in South Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lincoln mobilized forces to suppress the rebellion and restore the union. From the passage provided, extract the state Lincoln was born in |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "List of greek goddesses starting by 'L':",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Here is the list of greek goddesses starting by 'L':\n\n- Lampad\n- Lampetia\n- Lampsace\n- Lethe\n- Leto\n- Libya\n- Limos\n- Litae\n- Lyssa",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| List of greek goddesses starting by 'L': |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "A boomerang is a throwing stick with aerodynamic properties, traditionally made of wood, but also of bone, horn, tusks and even iron. Modern boomerangs used for sport may be made from plywood or plastics such as ABS, polypropylene, phenolic paper, or carbon fibre-reinforced plastics.\n\nBoomerangs come in many shapes and sizes depending on their geographic or tribal origins and intended function. Many people think only of the traditional Australian type, although today there are many types of more easily usable boomerangs, such as the cross-stick, the pinwheel, the tumble-stick, the Boomabird, and many other less common types.\n\nAn important distinction should be made between returning boomerangs and non-returning boomerangs:\n\nReturning boomerangs fly, and are examples of the earliest heavier-than-air human-made flight. A returning boomerang has two or more aerofoil section wings arranged so that when spinning they create unbalanced aerodynamic forces that curve its path into an ellipse, returning to its point of origin when thrown correctly. Their typical L-shape makes them the most recognisable form of boomerang. Although used primarily for leisure or recreation, returning boomerangs are also used to decoy birds of prey, thrown above the long grass to frighten game birds into flight and into waiting nets. Non-traditional, modern, competition boomerangs come in many shapes, sizes and materials.\nNon-returning boomerangs, throwing sticks, valari, or kylies, are primarily used as weapons. They lack the aerofoil sections, are generally heavier and designed to travel as straight and forcefully as possible to the target to bring down game. The Tamil valari variant, of ancient origin and mentioned in the Tamil Sangam literature \"Purananuru\", was one of these. The usual form of the Valari is two limbs set at an angle; one thin and tapering, the other rounded as a handle. Although valaris come in many shapes and sizes they are usually made of cast iron cast from moulds. However, some may have wooden limbs tipped with iron or with lethally sharpened edges or with special double-edged and razor-sharp daggers known as kattari. From the passage list down the materials used to prepare boomerang. List the results in comma separated format.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "wood, bone, horn, tusks, iron, plywood, plastics such as ABS, polypropylene, phenolic paper, carbon fibre-reinforced plastics",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| A boomerang is a throwing stick with aerodynamic properties, traditionally made of wood, but also of bone, horn, tusks and even iron. Modern boomerangs used for sport may be made from plywood or plastics such as ABS, polypropylene, phenolic paper, or carbon fibre-reinforced plastics.
Boomerangs come in many shapes and sizes depending on their geographic or tribal origins and intended function. Many people think only of the traditional Australian type, although today there are many types of more easily usable boomerangs, such as the cross-stick, the pinwheel, the tumble-stick, the Boomabird, and many other less common types.
An important distinction should be made between returning boomerangs and non-returning boomerangs:
Returning boomerangs fly, and are examples of the earliest heavier-than-air human-made flight. A returning boomerang has two or more aerofoil section wings arranged so that when spinning they create unbalanced aerodynamic forces that curve its path into an ellipse, returning to its point of origin when thrown correctly. Their typical L-shape makes them the most recognisable form of boomerang. Although used primarily for leisure or recreation, returning boomerangs are also used to decoy birds of prey, thrown above the long grass to frighten game birds into flight and into waiting nets. Non-traditional, modern, competition boomerangs come in many shapes, sizes and materials.
Non-returning boomerangs, throwing sticks, valari, or kylies, are primarily used as weapons. They lack the aerofoil sections, are generally heavier and designed to travel as straight and forcefully as possible to the target to bring down game. The Tamil valari variant, of ancient origin and mentioned in the Tamil Sangam literature "Purananuru", was one of these. The usual form of the Valari is two limbs set at an angle; one thin and tapering, the other rounded as a handle. Although valaris come in many shapes and sizes they are usually made of cast iron cast from moulds. However, some may have wooden limbs tipped with iron or with lethally sharpened edges or with special double-edged and razor-sharp daggers known as kattari. From the passage list down the materials used to prepare boomerang. List the results in comma separated format. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Provide a list of body parts that are only three letters long. Here are some body parts that are three lettered words: toe, rib, eye, ear, leg and jaw.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Here are some body parts that are three lettered words: toe, rib, eye, ear, leg and jaw.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Provide a list of body parts that are only three letters long. Here are some body parts that are three lettered words: toe, rib, eye, ear, leg and jaw. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify from the following list all of the ingredients that are necessary to bake chocolate chip cookies: butter, spinach, eggs, flour, apples, sugar, vanilla extract, chocolate chips, charcoal, a positive COVID 19 test cassette, fingernail polish, salt",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Butter, eggs, flour, sugar, vanilla extract, chocolate chips, salt",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify from the following list all of the ingredients that are necessary to bake chocolate chip cookies: butter, spinach, eggs, flour, apples, sugar, vanilla extract, chocolate chips, charcoal, a positive COVID 19 test cassette, fingernail polish, salt |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "top mobile Brands",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Apple\nSamsung\nOneplus\nRedmi\nMotorola\nHuawei\nVivo",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| top mobile Brands |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are some of Whitney Houston's top hits?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Whitney Houston had many top hits including but not limited to: \n- I'm Your Baby Tonight\n- How Will I Know\n- I Have Nothing\n- I'm Every Woman\n- I Will Always Love You\n- I Wanna Dance With Somebody",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some of Whitney Houston's top hits? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Joan Ruth Bader Ginsburg (/ˈbeɪdər ˈɡɪnzbɜːrɡ/ BAY-dər GHINZ-burg; March 15, 1933 – September 18, 2020) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1993 until her death in 2020. She was nominated by President Bill Clinton to replace retiring justice Byron White, and at the time was generally viewed as a moderate consensus-builder. She eventually became part of the liberal wing of the Court as the Court shifted to the right over time. Ginsburg was the first Jewish woman and the second woman to serve on the Court, after Sandra Day O'Connor. During her tenure, Ginsburg wrote majority opinions, including United States v. Virginia (1996), Olmstead v. L.C. (1999), Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc. (2000), and City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York (2005). Who is Ruth Bader Ginsburg?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Joan Ruth Bader Ginsburg (/ˈbeɪdər ˈɡɪnzbɜːrɡ/ BAY-dər GHINZ-burg; March 15, 1933 – September 18, 2020) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1993 until her death in 2020. She was nominated by President Bill Clinton to replace retiring justice Byron White, and at the time was generally viewed as a moderate consensus-builder. She eventually became part of the liberal wing of the Court as the Court shifted to the right over time. Ginsburg was the first Jewish woman and the second woman to serve on the Court, after Sandra Day O'Connor. During her tenure, Ginsburg wrote majority opinions, including United States v. Virginia (1996), Olmstead v. L.C. (1999), Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc. (2000), and City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York (2005).\n\nGinsburg was born and grew up in Brooklyn, New York. Her older sister died when she was a baby, and her mother died shortly before Ginsburg graduated from high school. She earned her bachelor's degree at Cornell University and married Martin D. Ginsburg, becoming a mother before starting law school at Harvard, where she was one of the few women in her class. Ginsburg transferred to Columbia Law School, where she graduated joint first in her class. During the early 1960s she worked with the Columbia Law School Project on International Procedure, learned Swedish, and co-authored a book with Swedish jurist Anders Bruzelius; her work in Sweden profoundly influenced her thinking on gender equality. She then became a professor at Rutgers Law School and Columbia Law School, teaching civil procedure as one of the few women in her field.\n\nGinsburg spent much of her legal career as an advocate for gender equality and women's rights, winning many arguments before the Supreme Court. She advocated as a volunteer attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union and was a member of its board of directors and one of its general counsel in the 1970s. In 1980, President Jimmy Carter appointed her to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, where she served until her appointment to the Supreme Court in 1993. Between O'Connor's retirement in 2006 and the appointment of Sonia Sotomayor in 2009, she was the only female justice on the Supreme Court. During that time, Ginsburg became more forceful with her dissents, such as with Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. (2007). Ginsburg's dissenting opinion was credited with inspiring the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act which was signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2009, making it easier for employees to win pay discrimination claims. Ginsburg received attention in American popular culture for her passionate dissents in numerous cases, widely seen as reflecting paradigmatically liberal views of the law. She was dubbed \"The Notorious R.B.G.\", and she later embraced the moniker.\n\nDespite two bouts with cancer and public pleas from liberal law scholars, she decided not to retire in 2013 or 2014 when Obama and a Democratic-controlled Senate could appoint and confirm her successor. Ginsburg died at her home in Washington, D.C., on September 18, 2020, at the age of 87, from complications of metastatic pancreatic cancer. The vacancy created by her death was filled 39 days later by Amy Coney Barrett, a conservative. The result was one of three major rightward shifts in the Court since 1953, following the appointment of Clarence Thomas to replace Thurgood Marshall in 1991 and the appointment of Warren Burger to replace Earl Warren in 1969.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Joan Ruth Bader Ginsburg (/ˈbeɪdər ˈɡɪnzbɜːrɡ/ BAY-dər GHINZ-burg; March 15, 1933 – September 18, 2020) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1993 until her death in 2020. She was nominated by President Bill Clinton to replace retiring justice Byron White, and at the time was generally viewed as a moderate consensus-builder. She eventually became part of the liberal wing of the Court as the Court shifted to the right over time. Ginsburg was the first Jewish woman and the second woman to serve on the Court, after Sandra Day O'Connor. During her tenure, Ginsburg wrote majority opinions, including United States v. Virginia (1996), Olmstead v. L.C. (1999), Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc. (2000), and City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York (2005). Who is Ruth Bader Ginsburg? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these cities are in Minnesota, Arizona or neither.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Duluth - Minnesota\nBisbee - Arizona\nBend - Neither\nSt Joseph - Minnesota\nWhy - Arizona\nGuaymas - Neither",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these cities are in Minnesota, Arizona or neither. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Which countries are the world's largest or biggest manufacturer in terms of $ value?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "According to data from the World Bank, in 2021, the world's largest or biggest manufacturers in terms of $ output are:\n1. China, $4,865,827.26\n2. United States, 2,497,131.58\t\n3. Japan, $995,308.97\t\n4. Germany, $803,213.14\t\n5. South Korea, $461,104.31\t\n6. India, $443,911.66\t\n7. Italy, $314,095.61\t\n8. United Kingdom, $274,872.28\t\n9. France, $262,642.86\t\n10. Russian Federation, $256,958.27",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which countries are the world's largest or biggest manufacturer in terms of $ value? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of the following as either a vegetarian option or not: chicken fried rice, green beans, strawberry banana smoothie, oatmeal, steak, scrambled eggs",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The vegetarian options are green beans, strawberry banana smoothie, oatmeal, and scrambled eggs. The non-vegetarian options are chicken fried rice and steak.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each of the following as either a vegetarian option or not: chicken fried rice, green beans, strawberry banana smoothie, oatmeal, steak, scrambled eggs |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are the 7 Wonders of the Solar System:",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "These are 7 wonders that can be found in the Solar System:\n\n- Enceladus, a moon of Saturn\n- The Great Red Spot of Jupiter, a massive and persistent anticyclonic storm in the planet's southern hemisphere\n- The asteroid belt, a region of innumerable small solid bodies located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter\n- The surface of the Sun\n- The oceans of Earth\n- The Rings of Saturn\n- Olympus Mons, an enormous shield volcano on Mars and the tallest planetary mountain in the Solar System",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the 7 Wonders of the Solar System: |
classification | [
{
"content": "Please categorize these items as something a human can safely drink or something that a human should avoid drinking: engine oil, tea, coolant, beer, molten lava, sparkling water, pasteurized cow's milk, and laundry detergent.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The items that are safe to drink are tea, beer, sparkling water, and milk. It is not safe to drink engine oil, coolant, molten lava, and laundry detergent.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Please categorize these items as something a human can safely drink or something that a human should avoid drinking: engine oil, tea, coolant, beer, molten lava, sparkling water, pasteurized cow's milk, and laundry detergent. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "\"Ghouli\" is the fifth episode of the eleventh season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files. The episode was written and directed by James Wong. The tagline for this episode is \"You see what I want you to see\". Though not originally billed as a mythology episode, \"Ghouli\" helps to explore the series' overarching mythology and serves as the second of three mythology episodes of the season following the season premiere.\n\nThe show centers on FBI special agents who work on unsolved paranormal cases called X-Files; focusing on the investigations of Fox Mulder (David Duchovny), and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) after their reinstatement in the FBI. In this episode, A pair of teenage girls attack one another, each believing the other to be a monster, known as \"Ghouli.\" Mulder and Scully find that their investigation leads back to their long-lost son, William. Given a reference text about \"Ghouli\" tell me what happens in the episode.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In the episode \"Ghouli\", Fox Mulder and Dana Scully investigate a pair of teenage girls that attack one another believing the other is a monster.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| "Ghouli" is the fifth episode of the eleventh season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files. The episode was written and directed by James Wong. The tagline for this episode is "You see what I want you to see". Though not originally billed as a mythology episode, "Ghouli" helps to explore the series' overarching mythology and serves as the second of three mythology episodes of the season following the season premiere.
The show centers on FBI special agents who work on unsolved paranormal cases called X-Files; focusing on the investigations of Fox Mulder (David Duchovny), and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) after their reinstatement in the FBI. In this episode, A pair of teenage girls attack one another, each believing the other to be a monster, known as "Ghouli." Mulder and Scully find that their investigation leads back to their long-lost son, William. Given a reference text about "Ghouli" tell me what happens in the episode. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Ghost Rider, Atomic Skull",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ghost Rider is Marvel, Atomic Skull is DC",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Ghost Rider, Atomic Skull |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The Masters Tournament (usually referred to as simply The Masters, or the U.S. Masters outside North America) is one of the four major championships in professional golf. Scheduled for the first full week of April, the Masters is the first major of the year, and unlike the others, it is always held at the same location, Augusta National Golf Club, a private course in the city of Augusta, Georgia, in the southeastern United States.\n\nThe Masters was started by amateur champion Bobby Jones and investment banker Clifford Roberts. After his grand slam in 1930, Jones acquired the former plant nursery and co-designed Augusta National with course architect Alister MacKenzie. First played 89 years ago in 1934, the tournament is an official money event on the PGA Tour, the European Tour, and the Japan Golf Tour. The field of players is smaller than those of the other major championships because it is an invitational event, held by the Augusta National Golf Club.\n\nThe tournament has a number of traditions. Since 1949, a green jacket has been awarded to the champion, who must return it to the clubhouse one year after his victory, although it remains his personal property and is stored with other champions' jackets in a specially designated cloakroom. In most instances, only a first-time and currently reigning champion may remove his jacket from the club grounds. A golfer who wins the event multiple times uses the same green jacket awarded upon his initial win (unless they need to be re-fitted with a new jacket). The Champions Dinner, inaugurated by Ben Hogan in 1952, is held on the Tuesday before each tournament, and is open only to past champions and certain board members of the Augusta National Golf Club. Beginning in 1963, legendary golfers, usually past champions, have hit an honorary tee shot on the morning of the first round to commence play. These have included Fred McLeod, Jock Hutchinson, Gene Sarazen, Sam Snead, Byron Nelson, Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, Gary Player, Lee Elder, and Tom Watson. Since 1960, a semi-social contest at the par-3 course has been played on Wednesday, the day before the first round. What is the Masters Tournament?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Masters Tournament is played in Augusta, Georgia. It is four major championships in professional golf. It is usually played the first week of April. It is known for the Green Jacket that is awarded to the winner of the tournament. The Masters Tournament is an invitation only event so therefore it is usually smaller than a typical PGA event. Augusta National Golf Club is a private invitation only club.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Masters Tournament (usually referred to as simply The Masters, or the U.S. Masters outside North America) is one of the four major championships in professional golf. Scheduled for the first full week of April, the Masters is the first major of the year, and unlike the others, it is always held at the same location, Augusta National Golf Club, a private course in the city of Augusta, Georgia, in the southeastern United States.
The Masters was started by amateur champion Bobby Jones and investment banker Clifford Roberts. After his grand slam in 1930, Jones acquired the former plant nursery and co-designed Augusta National with course architect Alister MacKenzie. First played 89 years ago in 1934, the tournament is an official money event on the PGA Tour, the European Tour, and the Japan Golf Tour. The field of players is smaller than those of the other major championships because it is an invitational event, held by the Augusta National Golf Club.
The tournament has a number of traditions. Since 1949, a green jacket has been awarded to the champion, who must return it to the clubhouse one year after his victory, although it remains his personal property and is stored with other champions' jackets in a specially designated cloakroom. In most instances, only a first-time and currently reigning champion may remove his jacket from the club grounds. A golfer who wins the event multiple times uses the same green jacket awarded upon his initial win (unless they need to be re-fitted with a new jacket). The Champions Dinner, inaugurated by Ben Hogan in 1952, is held on the Tuesday before each tournament, and is open only to past champions and certain board members of the Augusta National Golf Club. Beginning in 1963, legendary golfers, usually past champions, have hit an honorary tee shot on the morning of the first round to commence play. These have included Fred McLeod, Jock Hutchinson, Gene Sarazen, Sam Snead, Byron Nelson, Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, Gary Player, Lee Elder, and Tom Watson. Since 1960, a semi-social contest at the par-3 course has been played on Wednesday, the day before the first round. What is the Masters Tournament? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Human presence in Pre-Columbian Mexico goes back to 8,000 BCE and it went to become one of the world's six cradles of civilization. In particular, the Mesoamerican region was home to many intertwined civilizations, including the Olmec, Maya, Zapotec, Teotihuacan, and Purepecha. Last were the Aztecs, who dominated the region in the century before European contact. In 1521, the Spanish Empire and its indigenous allies conquered the Aztec Empire from its capital Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), establishing the colony of New Spain. How old were the indigenous civilizations in Mexico prior to European contact?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There were many civilizations that came prior to European contact, some that date back as early as 8,000 BCE. The last civilization to dominate Mexico a century prior to European contact were the Aztecs, whose capital, Tenochtitlan, became what is now Mexico City.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Human presence in Pre-Columbian Mexico goes back to 8,000 BCE and it went to become one of the world's six cradles of civilization. In particular, the Mesoamerican region was home to many intertwined civilizations, including the Olmec, Maya, Zapotec, Teotihuacan, and Purepecha. Last were the Aztecs, who dominated the region in the century before European contact. In 1521, the Spanish Empire and its indigenous allies conquered the Aztec Empire from its capital Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), establishing the colony of New Spain. How old were the indigenous civilizations in Mexico prior to European contact? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What are some types of physical exercise?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Exercise can encompass: cardiovascular (aka, cardio), to improve blood flow/circulation and overall heart and lung health\nlifting, to build or tone muscles (arms, legs, shoulders benefit from lifting)\ncore, to improve balance, coordination, and stability\nstretching, to improve flexibility and tone (yoga, martial arts, barre, pilates)\nendurance (swimming, cycling, running distances)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some types of physical exercise? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Pixar has produced 26 feature films, starting with Toy Story (1995), which is the first fully computer-animated feature film; its most recent film was Lightyear (2022). The studio has also produced many short films. As of July 2019, its feature films have earned approximately $14 billion at the worldwide box office, with an average worldwide gross of $680 million per film. Toy Story 3 (2010), Finding Dory (2016), Incredibles 2 (2018), and Toy Story 4 (2019) are all among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time. Incredibles 2 is the studio's highest grossing film as well as the fourth-highest-grossing animated film of all time, with a gross of $1.2 billion; the other three also grossed over $1 billion. Moreover, 15 of Pixar's films are in the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time.\nPixar has earned 23 Academy Awards, 10 Golden Globe Awards, and 11 Grammy Awards, along with numerous other awards and acknowledgments. Its films are frequently nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since its inauguration in 2001, with eleven winners being Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), Brave (2012), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), Toy Story 4 (2019), and Soul (2020). The six nominated films that did not win are Monsters, Inc. (2001), Cars (2006), Incredibles 2 (2018), Onward (2020), Luca (2021) and Turning Red (2022). While Cars 2 (2011), Monsters University (2013), The Good Dinosaur (2015), Finding Dory (2016), Cars 3 (2017) and the aforementioned Lightyear were not nominated. In addition, Toy Story 3 and Up were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.\nOn February 10, 2009, Pixar executives John Lasseter, Brad Bird, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton, and Lee Unkrich were presented with the Golden Lion award for Lifetime Achievement by the Venice Film Festival. The physical award was ceremoniously handed to Lucasfilm's founder, George Lucas. List the Pixar movies that have won Academy Awards.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), Brave (2012), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), Toy Story 4 (2019), Soul (2020)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Pixar has produced 26 feature films, starting with Toy Story (1995), which is the first fully computer-animated feature film; its most recent film was Lightyear (2022). The studio has also produced many short films. As of July 2019, its feature films have earned approximately $14 billion at the worldwide box office, with an average worldwide gross of $680 million per film. Toy Story 3 (2010), Finding Dory (2016), Incredibles 2 (2018), and Toy Story 4 (2019) are all among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time. Incredibles 2 is the studio's highest grossing film as well as the fourth-highest-grossing animated film of all time, with a gross of $1.2 billion; the other three also grossed over $1 billion. Moreover, 15 of Pixar's films are in the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time.
Pixar has earned 23 Academy Awards, 10 Golden Globe Awards, and 11 Grammy Awards, along with numerous other awards and acknowledgments. Its films are frequently nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since its inauguration in 2001, with eleven winners being Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), Brave (2012), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), Toy Story 4 (2019), and Soul (2020). The six nominated films that did not win are Monsters, Inc. (2001), Cars (2006), Incredibles 2 (2018), Onward (2020), Luca (2021) and Turning Red (2022). While Cars 2 (2011), Monsters University (2013), The Good Dinosaur (2015), Finding Dory (2016), Cars 3 (2017) and the aforementioned Lightyear were not nominated. In addition, Toy Story 3 and Up were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.
On February 10, 2009, Pixar executives John Lasseter, Brad Bird, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton, and Lee Unkrich were presented with the Golden Lion award for Lifetime Achievement by the Venice Film Festival. The physical award was ceremoniously handed to Lucasfilm's founder, George Lucas. List the Pixar movies that have won Academy Awards. |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write a bullet-pointed list of updates from a college club fundraising team lead about their fundraising work from last week.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "* Planned fundraising efforts for the next week, as well as implemented donut sales on campus to increase fundraising streams.\n* Sent out Google Form to gauged interest of the club on buying club-branded shirts and stickers. By mid-week, we will make final decisions on apparel and begin sending out order forms.\n* Continued with burger and chicken wings food sales on the central campus plaza.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write a bullet-pointed list of updates from a college club fundraising team lead about their fundraising work from last week. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Where are brook trout found?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Native brook trout can be found in eastern North America, from northeastern Canada, and down the eastern seaboard as far south as the state of Georgia in the United States, where they are found in many high-elevation streams. Despite being native to those regions, brook trout can also be found throughout the rest of the world where populations are managed by hatcheries and stocked into local fisheries.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Where are brook trout found? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Short for \"simultaneous\", simul climbing is when two climbers move at the same time. The pseudo-lead climber places gear that the pseudo-follower collects. When the leader runs low on gear they construct a belay station where the follower can join them to exchange gear. The stronger climber is often the pseudo-follower since a fall by the follower would pull the leader from below towards the last piece of gear—a potentially devastating fall for the leader. In contrast, a fall from the leader would pull the follower from above, resulting in a less serious fall. Most speed ascents involve some form of simul climbing but may also include sections of standard free climbing and the use of placed gear for advancement (i.e. partial aid or pulling on gear). Is simul climbing more dangerous for the leader or the follower?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Simul climbing is more dangerous for the leader, since a fall by the follower would pull the leader from below towards the last piece of gear.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Short for "simultaneous", simul climbing is when two climbers move at the same time. The pseudo-lead climber places gear that the pseudo-follower collects. When the leader runs low on gear they construct a belay station where the follower can join them to exchange gear. The stronger climber is often the pseudo-follower since a fall by the follower would pull the leader from below towards the last piece of gear—a potentially devastating fall for the leader. In contrast, a fall from the leader would pull the follower from above, resulting in a less serious fall. Most speed ascents involve some form of simul climbing but may also include sections of standard free climbing and the use of placed gear for advancement (i.e. partial aid or pulling on gear). Is simul climbing more dangerous for the leader or the follower? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who wrote the second episode of season four of Game of Thrones?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "George R.R. Martin wrote \"The Lion and the Rose.\" The TV series is also based off of his series, A Song of Ice and Fire.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who wrote the second episode of season four of Game of Thrones? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Enrico Silvestrin (born 30 May 1972) is an Italian actor, television and radio presenter and musician.\n\nLife and career\nBorn in Rome, after a supporting role in Michele Placido's Close Friends, in 1994 Silvestrin started working as a VJ on MTV Europe, and later on MTV Italy. In 2000, he refused the Gabriele Muccino's offer of starring in The Last Kiss preferring a role in the Italia 1 sitcom Via Zanardi 33, which eventually turned to be a flop.\n\nIn 2005 Silvestrin left MTV as to focus on his acting career. He then appeared in a number of films and TV-series, getting a personal success with the role of Alessandro Berti in the Canale 5 crime series Distretto di Polizia. In 2007 he presented the Festivalbar. In 2018 he competed in Grande Fratello VIP, the Italian adaptation of Celebrity Big Brother. He was the third contestant to be evicted on day 22.\n\nSilvestrin is also active as a musician. He has been part of the musical groups Agony in Cage, Tempus Fugit, Ilor and Silv3man. He is nephew on his mother's side of actor and playwright Peppino De Filippo. given this article about Enrico Silvestrin, what year did he get evicted from Celebrity Big Brother?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "2018",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Enrico Silvestrin (born 30 May 1972) is an Italian actor, television and radio presenter and musician.
Life and career
Born in Rome, after a supporting role in Michele Placido's Close Friends, in 1994 Silvestrin started working as a VJ on MTV Europe, and later on MTV Italy. In 2000, he refused the Gabriele Muccino's offer of starring in The Last Kiss preferring a role in the Italia 1 sitcom Via Zanardi 33, which eventually turned to be a flop.
In 2005 Silvestrin left MTV as to focus on his acting career. He then appeared in a number of films and TV-series, getting a personal success with the role of Alessandro Berti in the Canale 5 crime series Distretto di Polizia. In 2007 he presented the Festivalbar. In 2018 he competed in Grande Fratello VIP, the Italian adaptation of Celebrity Big Brother. He was the third contestant to be evicted on day 22.
Silvestrin is also active as a musician. He has been part of the musical groups Agony in Cage, Tempus Fugit, Ilor and Silv3man. He is nephew on his mother's side of actor and playwright Peppino De Filippo. given this article about Enrico Silvestrin, what year did he get evicted from Celebrity Big Brother? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Hot pot or hotpot (simplified Chinese: 火锅; traditional Chinese: 火鍋; pinyin: huǒguō; lit. 'fire pot'), also known as soup-food or steamboat, is a dish whereby a heat source placed on the dining table keeps a pot of soup stock simmering, and a variety of Chinese foodstuffs and ingredients are served beside the pot for the diners to put into the hot stock. What is hot pot?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hot pot is a traditional Chinese dish that you put all kinds of food such as sliced beef/lamp, seafood, vegetables, meatballs into a boiled seasoned soup until they are fully cooked",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Hot pot or hotpot (simplified Chinese: 火锅; traditional Chinese: 火鍋; pinyin: huǒguō; lit. 'fire pot'), also known as soup-food or steamboat, is a dish whereby a heat source placed on the dining table keeps a pot of soup stock simmering, and a variety of Chinese foodstuffs and ingredients are served beside the pot for the diners to put into the hot stock. What is hot pot? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Magneto, Dr. Polaris",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Dr. Polaris is DC, Magneto is Marvel",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Magneto, Dr. Polaris |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Why does a US $20 bill have a vertical strip on it when held to light?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Paper money has counterfeit measures to ensure it is very difficult to duplicate/fake",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why does a US $20 bill have a vertical strip on it when held to light? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are some of the major food allergens in the USA?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Some of the major food allergens in the USA as identified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include: \nWheat, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, shellfish, fish, eggs, milk, and sesame.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some of the major food allergens in the USA? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are some ways to avoid social engineering attacks?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Educate yourself and your employees: Train yourself and your employees to recognize social engineering attacks and how to respond to them.\n2. Be suspicious of unsolicited messages: If you receive a message that you were not expecting, be suspicious and verify the sender's identity before responding.\n3. Use strong passwords and two-factor authentication: Use strong passwords and enable two-factor authentication to protect your accounts from unauthorized access.\n4. Keep your software up to date: Keep your software and operating system up to date with the latest security patches to prevent vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit.\n5. Use anti-virus and anti-malware software: Use anti-virus and anti-malware software to protect your devices from malicious software that can be used in social engineering attacks.\n6. Be cautious of public Wi-Fi: Avoid using public Wi-Fi networks for sensitive activities, such as online banking or accessing confidential information.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some ways to avoid social engineering attacks? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why is a refrigerator door more difficult to open than usual soon after you have closed it?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "This can be explained by the difference in pressure between the outside and inside of the refrigerator. In order to understand the phenomenon, let's first break down the relationship between pressure and temperature. Warmer air has a higher pressure than cooler air, it has to do with the energy of air molecules but that is a subject for another time. When you open the refrigerator door, warmer air from the surroundings, which would be at room temperature, rushes inside the refrigerator. This is because the air flows from the higher-pressure region (the room), into the lower-pressure region (inside the refrigerator). When you shut the door, the warm air that had moved inside is now actively being cooled down by the refrigerator. Remember what we said about cooler air? The pressure inside the refrigerator starts to drop. This means that warmer air at higher pressure outside the refrigerator is trying to get in and is pushing against the door, the next time you try to open the door, you need to apply an extra force to counteract that pressure that is acting on the door. So that begs the question, why is this more noticeable a short time after you shut the door versus coming back let's say, an hour later? Glad you asked! It is because the seal that keeps the warm air outside and cool air inside the refrigerator is not a perfect seal, it is not designed to be for good reason. Over time, since the seal allows the movement of air, the pressure equalizes. In the absence of that pressure differential, there is no force acting on the outside of the door forcing it shut. Fun fact, commercial refrigerators have seals designed to allow for a lot more movement of air compared to home refrigerators. Want to guess why? It is because content inside commercial refrigerators needs to be accessed a lot more frequently. If their seals were similar to home refrigerators, people would experience the extra force each time they want to get something! It is fascinating how much thought goes into designing everyday things we take for granted!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why is a refrigerator door more difficult to open than usual soon after you have closed it? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Why are pools fun?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pools are fun because they help to keep people cool when it is hot outside. Kids love jumping in pool and playing with other kids in the pool too. Sometimes water slides are connected to pools to offer more fun. Pools are a great way to relax in the sun, get a tan, or socialize with your friends. They do have a fair amount of upkeep during the very hot and very cold seasons of the year. Pools can freeze in the winter and also develop algae in the hot humid weather too. Chlorine is used to disinfect pools and neutralize in viruses and bacteria.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why are pools fun? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why does coconut water turn pink?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "If you leave pure coconut water alone, varying antioxidant levels can affect how it naturally turns from clear to pink over time. This is a natural process.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why does coconut water turn pink? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Is a Handball a 'Direct' or 'Indirect' Kick?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "As a rule, a direct kick occurs following a contact foul or hand ball. Most other football infringements are indirect.\n\nIf a defending team commits a contact foul or hand ball within their own penalty area (a marked out box at each end of the field) - the result is a penalty kick.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Is a Handball a 'Direct' or 'Indirect' Kick? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Why german cars are best?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. They are perfect build quality\n2. Engine is refined.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why german cars are best? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Vedas (/ˈveɪdə(z)/ or /ˈviːdə(z)/, IAST: veda, Sanskrit: वेदः, lit. 'knowledge') are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.\n\nThere are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda and the Atharvaveda. Each Veda has four subdivisions – the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Aranyakas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), the Brahmanas (commentaries on rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices), and the Upanishads (texts discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge). Some scholars add a fifth category – the Upasanas (worship). The texts of the Upanishads discuss ideas akin to the heterodox sramana-traditions. What are Vedas?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Vedas are a religious texts from ancient India written in Sanskrit. There are primarily 4 vedas - Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Vedas (/ˈveɪdə(z)/ or /ˈviːdə(z)/, IAST: veda, Sanskrit: वेदः, lit. 'knowledge') are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.
There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda and the Atharvaveda. Each Veda has four subdivisions – the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Aranyakas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), the Brahmanas (commentaries on rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices), and the Upanishads (texts discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge). Some scholars add a fifth category – the Upasanas (worship). The texts of the Upanishads discuss ideas akin to the heterodox sramana-traditions. What are Vedas? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is powerlifting?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Powerlifting is a strength sport which consists of having three attempts at lifting a maximal weight on three separate lifts using a barbell with weight plates. The three lifts are typically the squat, deadlift and bench press.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is powerlifting? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Sea of Crete and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin, featuring thousands of islands. The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions, and has a population of approximately 10.5 million. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki and Patras. Extract the Greek cities mentioned in the below text and list them from smallest to largest",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Patras, Thessaloniki and Athens",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Sea of Crete and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin, featuring thousands of islands. The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions, and has a population of approximately 10.5 million. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki and Patras. Extract the Greek cities mentioned in the below text and list them from smallest to largest |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each as of the following as physical or digital: pencil, pen, paper, email, social media, pavers, gutters, cryptocurrency",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pencil: Physical\nPen: Physical\nPaper: Physical\nEmail: Digital\nSocial Media: Digital\nPavers: Physical\nGutters: Physical\nCryptocurrency: Digital",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each as of the following as physical or digital: pencil, pen, paper, email, social media, pavers, gutters, cryptocurrency |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Joëlle Boutin (born October 2, 1979) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in a byelection on December 2, 2019. She represents the electoral district of Jean-Talon as a member of the Coalition Avenir Québec. Who is Joëlle Boutin?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Joëlle Boutin is a Canadian politician and member of the National Assembly of Quebec. She is a member of the Coalition Avenir Quebec and represents the electoral district of Jean-Talon.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Joëlle Boutin (born October 2, 1979) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in a byelection on December 2, 2019. She represents the electoral district of Jean-Talon as a member of the Coalition Avenir Québec. Who is Joëlle Boutin? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What should I think about when driving a car in a city?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cities can be crowded and there are many things to consider when driving in a city. In cities, the driving pace can vary between slow and fast speeds, and one needs to be extra attentive. Other vehicles may switch lanes hastily without indicating, or break with no warning. In some cities, one also has trams to be aware of. Pedestrians, bicyclists, and other electric mobility vehicles might appear unexpectedly in traffic. Another thing to take note of is the time of day, and day of the week, as traffic jams can occur when too many people are in traffic at the same time. In some situations, it might be faster to walk, cycle, or take public transportation than drive in cities. Finally, parking and tolls might be expensive when there is a lot of traffic, yet free when cities tend to be empty.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What should I think about when driving a car in a city? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How many planets make up the Solar System?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are 8 planets in the solar system. Mercury is the smallest and closest to the Sun. Venus is the second closest to the Sun. Earth, our home planet, is the third planet closest to the Sun followed by Mars. After the asteroid belt is Jupiter, the fifth and biggest planet in the Solar System. Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are the last planets in the Solar System.\n\nOriginally the Solar System was said to have 9 planets until 2006 when the term \"planet\" was redefined to exclude \"dwarf planets\". This results in the exclusion of the ninth and farthest away planet, Pluto, reducing the count of planets in the Solar System to current count of 8.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How many planets make up the Solar System? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Ian Manson Kemp (26 June 1931 – 16 September 2011) was a musicologist and academic.\n\nBiography\nBorn in Edinburgh on 26 June 1931, Kemp was the son of Roland Kemp, a radio engineer. He attended King Edward VI Grammar School in Chelmsford and Felsted School, before completed National Service in Germany. In 1951, he began undergraduate studies at St John's College, Cambridge under Patrick Hadley and Robin Orr. On graduating in 1954, he began working for Schott & Co., the music publisher. In 1959, he was appointed an assistant lecturer at the University of Aberdeen; he briefly returned to Schott's (1962–64) as head of promotion, but then went back to Aberdeen, this time to take up a senior lectureship. He was elected a fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, in 1971, remaining there until his appointment to the West Riding Chair of Music at the University of Leeds in 1977. He moved to the University of Manchester in 1981 to be Professor of Music, and remained there until retirement in 1991.\n\nKemp's time at Schott's brought him into contact with distinguished composers, including Michael Tippett, Alexander Goehr, Peter Maxwell Davies and Harrison Birtwistle. He became an expert on Tippett's music, and at Aberdeen he edited Michael Tippett: A Symposium on his 60th Birthday in 1965. His time at Manchester, which The Guardian considers the \"culmination\" of his career, saw him write a biography of Tippett in 1984, which The Times considered \"masterly\". He was also a specialist in Paul Hindemith, surveying his work in 1970, and Hector Berlioz, editing the Cambridge Opera Handbook on Berlioz's Les Troyens in 1989.\n\nIn his retirement, he lived in North London and then Sussex, but health problems slowed down his scholarly output. He died on 16 September 2011, leaving a widow, the conductor Sian Edwards, and their son, and five children from his first marriage to Gill Turner. How many years were Ian Kemps masterly culmination of his career at Manchester?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "For 10 years, between 1981 and his retirement in 1991",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Ian Manson Kemp (26 June 1931 – 16 September 2011) was a musicologist and academic.
Biography
Born in Edinburgh on 26 June 1931, Kemp was the son of Roland Kemp, a radio engineer. He attended King Edward VI Grammar School in Chelmsford and Felsted School, before completed National Service in Germany. In 1951, he began undergraduate studies at St John's College, Cambridge under Patrick Hadley and Robin Orr. On graduating in 1954, he began working for Schott & Co., the music publisher. In 1959, he was appointed an assistant lecturer at the University of Aberdeen; he briefly returned to Schott's (1962–64) as head of promotion, but then went back to Aberdeen, this time to take up a senior lectureship. He was elected a fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, in 1971, remaining there until his appointment to the West Riding Chair of Music at the University of Leeds in 1977. He moved to the University of Manchester in 1981 to be Professor of Music, and remained there until retirement in 1991.
Kemp's time at Schott's brought him into contact with distinguished composers, including Michael Tippett, Alexander Goehr, Peter Maxwell Davies and Harrison Birtwistle. He became an expert on Tippett's music, and at Aberdeen he edited Michael Tippett: A Symposium on his 60th Birthday in 1965. His time at Manchester, which The Guardian considers the "culmination" of his career, saw him write a biography of Tippett in 1984, which The Times considered "masterly". He was also a specialist in Paul Hindemith, surveying his work in 1970, and Hector Berlioz, editing the Cambridge Opera Handbook on Berlioz's Les Troyens in 1989.
In his retirement, he lived in North London and then Sussex, but health problems slowed down his scholarly output. He died on 16 September 2011, leaving a widow, the conductor Sian Edwards, and their son, and five children from his first marriage to Gill Turner. How many years were Ian Kemps masterly culmination of his career at Manchester? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the top 5 soccer(football) leagues in the world?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The top five soccer leagues in the world are English Premier League, Spanish La Liga, German Bundesliga, Italian Serie A, and French Ligue 1. These leagues are considered the most competitive and some of the best football players in the world play in them. 85% of the 2022 world cup champion, Argentina, players were playing in these five leagues at the time.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the top 5 soccer(football) leagues in the world? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the benefits of exercising and why one should workout everyday especially if you have a sedentary lifestyle that makes you sit all day long?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Based on various researches, it’s evident that health risks are at rise due to sedentary lifestyle. This has led to multiple health issues such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity. By exercising, one can stay in shape and active especially if the workout is rigorous that makes your heart pump faster. Most doctors recommend to exercise at least half an hour everyday to stay fit.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the benefits of exercising and why one should workout everyday especially if you have a sedentary lifestyle that makes you sit all day long? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify these as winter or summer sports: beach volleyball, cross country skiing, biathlon, triathlon, kayaking",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "beach volleyball: summer, cross country skiing: winter, biathlon: winter, triathlon: summer, kayaking: summer",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify these as winter or summer sports: beach volleyball, cross country skiing, biathlon, triathlon, kayaking |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Where does Delta Lake store the data?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "When writing data, you can specify the location in your cloud storage. Delta Lake stores the data in that location in Parquet format.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Where does Delta Lake store the data? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What cause toe fungus?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "One common way that people can get nail fungus on their toes is walking barefoot in moist areas like locker room or public shower. You can also get a fungal infection by skin-to-skin contact, or by sharing an infected nail clipper or towel.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What cause toe fungus? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify the following bools as fiction or non-fiction: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, Economics in One Lesson, The Cat in the Hat, A Brief History of Time, Democracy In America, and Goodnight Moon.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, The Cat in the Hat, and Goodnight Moon are all fiction books. Economics in One Lesson, A Brief History of Time, and Democracy In America are all non-fiction.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify the following bools as fiction or non-fiction: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, Economics in One Lesson, The Cat in the Hat, A Brief History of Time, Democracy In America, and Goodnight Moon. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of the following are cities in the PNW in the US: Seattle, Portland, Hillsboro, Eugene, Tacoma, Vancouver, Surrey, Richmond.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Seattle, Portland, Hillsboro, Eugene, Tacoma, Vancouver are cities in PNW. Vancouver is also in Canada but there's a Vancouver in WA as well.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of the following are cities in the PNW in the US: Seattle, Portland, Hillsboro, Eugene, Tacoma, Vancouver, Surrey, Richmond. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the best way to get from one place to another?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The term \"best\" is relative to your individual preferences and circumstances. \n\nIn general, how to get from one place to another depends on several key factors, such as the distance between these two places, available methods of transportations, and the amount of money that you are willing to spend. Additional factors to consider are whether you have a preferred method of transportation and how much time you are willing to spend on this trip. Cheaper transportation options may take a longer time. \n\nThe methods of transportation include airplanes, trains, ships or ferries, busses, and cars, but not all locations have all these transportation methods available.\n\nUsually, if the two places are relatively close to each other, a bus or a train may be a good option. If public transportation between these two places is not well established, then a personal car may be a reasonable alternative.\n\nIn some circumstances, when the distance between the two place is very short, less than three miles or so, walking may be your best option. This, of course, depends on your ability and willingness to walk that distance.\n\nIf the two places are relatively far, usually more than a couple hundred miles, an airplane may be a good option to consider.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the best way to get from one place to another? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How do I become a Data Scientist?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Data Science is a diverse field. There are many people in this field with different backgrounds. For example, people with Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science, Biology, Physics, etc. represents many Data Scientists in the field. There are many paths to become a Data Scientist. You can become a Data Scientist by formally studying the hard sciences such as Mathematics, Statistics, Physics etc. You should also learn computer programming and basics of computer science. Once you know the hard sciences along with the programming, you should try your skillset on different problems. That will get you started in this field.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do I become a Data Scientist? |
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