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brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What's the first 3 things you do when you wake up in the morning ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Acknowledge that I am about to wake up\nRefuse to wake up \nAccept that time cannot be stopped and wake up",
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}
]
| What's the first 3 things you do when you wake up in the morning ? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "why my laptop won't start?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "there could be several reasons for this:\n1- it run out of battery\n2- the OS is not bootable\n3- some hardware error that does not make it start",
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}
]
| why my laptop won't start? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What position is best to use in your Fantasy Football flex slot?",
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},
{
"content": "The majority of fantasy football players believe it is best to use a running-back in your flex spot because running-backs traditionally receive the ball (touches) more often than wider receivers or tight-ends. More touches theoretically means more opportunities to score points. However, with recent NFL rule changes, stronger and faster wide receivers, and fantasy football scoring systems that provide extra points for catching a pass (catches) wide receivers are scoring significantly more points than running backs on a weekly basis. Therefore, it is advised to play a wider receiver in your fantasy football flex spot.",
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}
]
| What position is best to use in your Fantasy Football flex slot? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Bitter, Cord",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cord is American, Bitter is German",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Bitter, Cord |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Can AI take my job",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "While it is possible for AI to do a piece of work that is done by a human, it is unlikely that AI will make humans redundant in the workplace. What is more plausible is that AI will change the nature of how humans work, enabling greater productivity or becoming a validation/verification process.\n\nA good example of this is GPS. For years, taxi drivers used their knowledge of an area to take people from one place to another, but with the invention of GPS, this local knw;edge became less valuable (but not redundant). There was not a reduction in Taxi drives, if anything, there were more Taxis available to the general public.\n\nThe spell checker has been in software for decades, but it is still down to the individual to clarify their specific meaning and validate the final output, rather than relying purely on what a computer generates.",
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}
]
| Can AI take my job |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "List five titles by George R.R. Martin.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A Game of Thrones, Dying of the Light, The Armageddon Rag, A Storm of Swords, A Song for Lya",
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}
]
| List five titles by George R.R. Martin. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two extant species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras. Beavers have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges. Can you give me a bulleted list of notable physical features of the beaver?",
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},
{
"content": "Beaver Physical Features: \n- stout bodies\n- large heads\n- long chisel-like incisors\n- brown or gray fur\n- hand-like front feet\n- webbed back feet\n- flat and scaly tails",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two extant species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras. Beavers have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges. Can you give me a bulleted list of notable physical features of the beaver? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of the following does not fit with the others on the list? Please explain your reasoning.\nGalaxy M81\nBlack Eye Galaxy\nPinwheel Galaxy\nAndromeda Galaxy\nSombrero Galaxy",
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},
{
"content": "Of the 5 galaxies on the list, the Sombrero Galaxy is the only one that is not clearly a spiral galaxy. While some sources do describe the Sombrero Galaxy as a spiral galaxy, most acknowledge that it has an usual shape that differs from most spiral galaxies.",
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}
]
| Which of the following does not fit with the others on the list? Please explain your reasoning.
Galaxy M81
Black Eye Galaxy
Pinwheel Galaxy
Andromeda Galaxy
Sombrero Galaxy |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a speedrun in video games?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In gaming, a speedrun is the task of playing a game, or a section of a game, with the goal of completing it as quickly as possible. While there are many categories of speedrunning, they often include strategy, planned routes, or even glitches to get to the end credits of the game in the shortest possible time.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a speedrun in video games? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Wobble board, Scheitholt",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Scheitholt is string, Wobble board is percussion.",
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}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Wobble board, Scheitholt |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who turned oil drums into steel drums for music?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Traditionally, West Indians",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who turned oil drums into steel drums for music? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why is working out good for you?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Working out provides many benefits. Studies have shown that working out is good for you long term health. It helps build muscle strength, which is shown to decrease in volume as you age. It also has benefits for your cardiovascular system. Working out also provides mental benefits, such as reduced anxiety and stress.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why is working out good for you? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "When is the best time to see cherry blossom in Japan?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The best time to visit Japan for cherry blossoms is around late March through early May, depending on the prefecture. There are a number of factors that influene when the blooming will take place each year such as temperature and rain.",
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}
]
| When is the best time to see cherry blossom in Japan? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of the top MLB home run leaders of all time.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Barry Bonds, Hank Aaron, Babe Ruth, Albert Pujols, Alex Rodriguez, Willie Mays",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of the top MLB home run leaders of all time. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Mongolia (/mɒŋˈɡoʊliə/ (listen)) is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 square miles), with a population of just 3.3 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign nation. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population. Which major countries border Mongolia?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Russia and China",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Mongolia (/mɒŋˈɡoʊliə/ (listen)) is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 square miles), with a population of just 3.3 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign nation. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population. Which major countries border Mongolia? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What country has the highest life expectancy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Life expectancy for humans has doubled over the last century but there’s still a noticeable gap in average life expectancies between different countries. In general, developed countries see higher life expectancies than developing regions but over time the gap is expected to narrow. Based on the data from the World Bank including both the healthcare spending per capita of 178 different countries, Japan has the highest life expectancy at birth 85 years.",
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}
]
| What country has the highest life expectancy? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Nova Corps or Green Lantern Corps",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Nova Corps is Marvel, Green Lantern Corps is DC",
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}
]
| Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Nova Corps or Green Lantern Corps |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who played Billy the Kid in The Left Handed Gun",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Paul Newman",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who played Billy the Kid in The Left Handed Gun |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the Arab world, and the largest in Western Asia and the Middle East. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south. Bahrain is an island country off its east coast. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northwest separates Saudi Arabia from Egypt and Israel. Saudi Arabia is the only country with a coastline along both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland, steppe, and mountains. Its capital and largest city is Riyadh. The country is home to Mecca and Medina, the two holiest cities in Islam.\n\nPre-Islamic Arabia, the territory that constitutes modern-day Saudi Arabia, was the site of several ancient cultures and civilizations; the prehistory of Saudi Arabia shows some of the earliest traces of human activity in the world. The world's second-largest religion, Islam, emerged in what is now Saudi Arabia. In the early 7th century, the Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of the Arabian Peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering huge and unprecedented swathes of territory (from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to parts of Central and South Asia in the east) in a matter of decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517), and Fatimid (909–1171) caliphates, as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Based on the above passage name the regions which is at the North border of Saudi Arabia . Display the results in a comma separated format.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait",
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}
]
| Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the Arab world, and the largest in Western Asia and the Middle East. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south. Bahrain is an island country off its east coast. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northwest separates Saudi Arabia from Egypt and Israel. Saudi Arabia is the only country with a coastline along both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland, steppe, and mountains. Its capital and largest city is Riyadh. The country is home to Mecca and Medina, the two holiest cities in Islam.
Pre-Islamic Arabia, the territory that constitutes modern-day Saudi Arabia, was the site of several ancient cultures and civilizations; the prehistory of Saudi Arabia shows some of the earliest traces of human activity in the world. The world's second-largest religion, Islam, emerged in what is now Saudi Arabia. In the early 7th century, the Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of the Arabian Peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering huge and unprecedented swathes of territory (from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to parts of Central and South Asia in the east) in a matter of decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517), and Fatimid (909–1171) caliphates, as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Based on the above passage name the regions which is at the North border of Saudi Arabia . Display the results in a comma separated format. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "There is a combination of processes that are used to prepare semiconducting materials for ICs. One process is called thermal oxidation, which forms silicon dioxide on the surface of the silicon. This is used as a gate insulator and field oxide. Other processes are called photomasks and photolithography. This process is what creates the patterns on the circuit in the integrated circuit. Ultraviolet light is used along with a photoresist layer to create a chemical change that generates the patterns for the circuit.\n\nThe etching is the next process that is required. The part of the silicon that was not covered by the photoresist layer from the previous step can now be etched. The main process typically used today is called plasma etching. Plasma etching usually involves an etch gas pumped in a low-pressure chamber to create plasma. A common etch gas is chlorofluorocarbon, or more commonly known Freon. A high radio-frequency voltage between the cathode and anode is what creates the plasma in the chamber. The silicon wafer is located on the cathode, which causes it to be hit by the positively charged ions that are released from the plasma. The result is silicon that is etched anisotropically.\n\nThe last process is called diffusion. This is the process that gives the semiconducting material its desired semiconducting properties. It is also known as doping. The process introduces an impure atom to the system, which creates the p–n junction. To get the impure atoms embedded in the silicon wafer, the wafer is first put in a 1,100 degree Celsius chamber. The atoms are injected in and eventually diffuse with the silicon. After the process is completed and the silicon has reached room temperature, the doping process is done and the semiconducting material is ready to be used in an integrated circuit. Based on this passage, please provide a bullet-point list of the processes used to prepare semiconducting materials for integrated circuits (ICs).",
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},
{
"content": "-Thermal oxidation\n-Photomasks/photolithography\n-Etching (mainly plasma etching)\n-Diffusion/doping",
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}
]
| There is a combination of processes that are used to prepare semiconducting materials for ICs. One process is called thermal oxidation, which forms silicon dioxide on the surface of the silicon. This is used as a gate insulator and field oxide. Other processes are called photomasks and photolithography. This process is what creates the patterns on the circuit in the integrated circuit. Ultraviolet light is used along with a photoresist layer to create a chemical change that generates the patterns for the circuit.
The etching is the next process that is required. The part of the silicon that was not covered by the photoresist layer from the previous step can now be etched. The main process typically used today is called plasma etching. Plasma etching usually involves an etch gas pumped in a low-pressure chamber to create plasma. A common etch gas is chlorofluorocarbon, or more commonly known Freon. A high radio-frequency voltage between the cathode and anode is what creates the plasma in the chamber. The silicon wafer is located on the cathode, which causes it to be hit by the positively charged ions that are released from the plasma. The result is silicon that is etched anisotropically.
The last process is called diffusion. This is the process that gives the semiconducting material its desired semiconducting properties. It is also known as doping. The process introduces an impure atom to the system, which creates the p–n junction. To get the impure atoms embedded in the silicon wafer, the wafer is first put in a 1,100 degree Celsius chamber. The atoms are injected in and eventually diffuse with the silicon. After the process is completed and the silicon has reached room temperature, the doping process is done and the semiconducting material is ready to be used in an integrated circuit. Based on this passage, please provide a bullet-point list of the processes used to prepare semiconducting materials for integrated circuits (ICs). |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these instruments are stringed or percussion: Cello, Cymbals, Triangle, Harp",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The cello and harp are stringed instruments while the cymbals and triangle are percussion instruments.",
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}
]
| Tell me whether these instruments are stringed or percussion: Cello, Cymbals, Triangle, Harp |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who invented Boltzmann Machines?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Boltzmann machines were invented in 1985 by Geoffrey Hinton and Terrence Sejnowski.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who invented Boltzmann Machines? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Dodge, Foton",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Foton is Chinese, Dodge is American",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Dodge, Foton |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Indiana Jones is an American media franchise based on the adventures of Dr. Henry Walton \"Indiana\" Jones, Jr., a fictional professor of archaeology, that began in 1981 with the film Raiders of the Lost Ark. In 1984, a prequel, The Temple of Doom, was released, and in 1989, a sequel, The Last Crusade. A fourth film followed in 2008, titled The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. A fifth and final film, titled The Dial of Destiny, is in production and is scheduled to be released in 2023. The series was created by George Lucas and stars Harrison Ford as Indiana Jones. The first four films were directed by Steven Spielberg, who worked closely with Lucas during their production.\n\nIn 1992, the franchise expanded to a television series with The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, portraying the character in his childhood and youth, and including adventures with his parents.\n\nMarvel Comics began publishing The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones in 1983, and Dark Horse Comics gained the comic book rights to the character in 1991. Novelizations of the films have been published, as well as many novels with original adventures, including a series of German novels by Wolfgang Hohlbein, twelve novels set before the films published by Bantam Books, and a series set during the character's childhood inspired by the television show.\n\nNumerous Indiana Jones video games have been released since 1982.\n\nBackground\nDuring 1973, George Lucas wrote The Adventures of Indiana Smith. Like Star Wars, it was an opportunity to create a modern version of the movie serials of the 1930s and 1940s. Lucas discussed the concept with Philip Kaufman, who worked with him for several weeks and decided upon the Ark of the Covenant as the MacGuffin. The project was stalled when Clint Eastwood hired Kaufman to write The Outlaw Josey Wales. In May 1977, Lucas was in Maui, trying to escape the worldwide success of Star Wars. His friend and colleague Steven Spielberg was also there, on vacation from work on Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Spielberg told Lucas he was interested in making a James Bond film, but Lucas told him of an idea \"better than James Bond\", outlining the plot of Raiders of the Lost Ark. Spielberg loved it, calling it \"a James Bond film without the hardware\", and had the character's surname changed to Jones. Spielberg and Lucas made a deal with Paramount Pictures for five Indiana Jones films.\n\nSpielberg and Lucas aimed to make Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom much darker, because of their personal moods following their respective breakups and divorces. Lucas made the film a prequel as he did not want the Nazis to be the villains again. He had ideas regarding the Monkey King and a haunted castle, but eventually created the Sankara Stones, that would be used in the film. He hired Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz to write the script as he knew of their interest in Indian culture. The major scenes that were dropped from Raiders of the Lost Ark were included in this film: an escape using a giant rolling gong as a shield, a fall out of a plane in a raft, and a mine cart chase. For the third film, Spielberg revisited the Monkey King and haunted castle concepts, before Lucas suggested the Holy Grail. Spielberg had previously rejected this as too ethereal, but then devised a father-son story and decided that \"The Grail that everybody seeks could be a metaphor for a son seeking reconciliation with a father and a father seeking reconciliation with a son.\"\n\nFollowing the 1989 release of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Lucas let the series end as he felt he could not think of a good plot device to drive the next installment and chose instead to produce The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, which explored the character in his early years. Ford played Indiana in one episode, narrating his adventures in 1920 Chicago. When Lucas shot Ford's role in December 1992, he realized that the scene opened up the possibility of a film with an older Indiana set in the 1950s. The film could reflect a science fiction 1950s B-movie, with aliens as the plot device. Ford disliked the new angle, telling Lucas: \"No way am I being in a Steven Spielberg movie like that.\" Spielberg himself, who depicted aliens in Close Encounters of the Third Kind and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, resisted it. Lucas devised a story, which Jeb Stuart turned into a script from October 1993 to May 1994. Lucas wanted Indiana to get married, which would allow Henry Jones Sr. to return, expressing concern over whether his son is happy with what he has accomplished. After learning that Joseph Stalin was interested in psychic warfare, Lucas decided to have Russians as the villains and the aliens to have psychic powers. Following Stuart's next draft, Lucas hired Last Crusade writer Jeffrey Boam to write the next three versions, the last of which was completed in March 1996. Three months later, Independence Day was released, and Spielberg told Lucas he would not make another alien invasion film (or at least not until War of the Worlds in 2005). Lucas decided to focus on the Star Wars prequels instead.\n\nIn 2000, Spielberg's son asked when the next Indiana Jones film would be released, which made him interested in reviving the project. The same year, Ford, Lucas, Spielberg, Frank Marshall, and Kathleen Kennedy met during the American Film Institute's tribute to Ford, and decided they wanted to enjoy the experience of making an Indiana Jones film again. Spielberg also found returning to the series a respite from his many dark films during this period. Spielberg and Lucas discussed the central idea of a B-movie involving aliens, and Lucas suggested using crystal skulls to ground the idea. Lucas found these artifacts as fascinating as the Ark, and had intended to feature them for a Young Indiana Jones episode before the show's cancellation. M. Night Shyamalan was hired to write for an intended 2002 shoot, but he was overwhelmed by the task, and claimed it was difficult to get Ford, Spielberg, and Lucas to focus. Stephen Gaghan and Tom Stoppard were also approached.\n\nFrank Darabont, who wrote various Young Indiana Jones episodes, was hired to write in May 2002. His script, titled Indiana Jones and the City of Gods, was set in the 1950s, with ex-Nazis pursuing Jones. Spielberg conceived the idea because of real-life figures such as Juan Perón in Argentina, who allegedly protected Nazi war criminals. Darabont claimed Spielberg loved the script, but Lucas had issues with it, and decided to take over writing himself. Lucas and Spielberg acknowledged that the 1950s setting could not ignore the Cold War, and the Russians were more plausible villains. Spielberg decided he could not satirize the Nazis after directing Schindler's List, while Ford felt \"We plum wore the Nazis out.\" Darabont's main contribution was reintroducing Marion Ravenwood as Indiana's love interest, but he gave them a 13-year-old daughter, which Spielberg decided was too similar to The Lost World: Jurassic Park.\n\nJeff Nathanson met with Spielberg and Lucas in August 2004, and turned in the next drafts in October and November 2005, titled The Atomic Ants. David Koepp continued on from there, giving his script the subtitle Destroyer of Worlds, based on the J. Robert Oppenheimer quote. It was changed to Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, as Spielberg found this a more inviting title which actually named the plot device. Koepp wanted to depict the character of Mutt as a nerd, but Lucas refused, explaining he had to resemble Marlon Brando in The Wild One; \"he needs to be what Indiana Jones's father thought of – the curse returns in the form of his own son – he's everything a father can't stand\". Koepp collaborated with Lawrence Kasdan on the film's \"love dialogue\".\n\nThe Walt Disney Company has owned the Indiana Jones intellectual property since its acquisition of Lucasfilm, the series' production company, in 2012, when Lucas sold it for $4 billion. Walt Disney Studios owns the distribution and marketing rights to future Indiana Jones films since 2013, with Paramount retaining the distribution rights to the first four films and receiving \"financial participation\" from any additional films. Disney will distribute the fifth film Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny, which will be directed by James Mangold and produced by Spielberg.\n\nRaiders of the Lost Ark (1981)\nMain article: Raiders of the Lost Ark\nThe first film is set in 1936. Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford) is hired by government agents to locate the Ark of the Covenant, the gold plated chest containing the stone tablets Moses used to inscribe the Ten Commandments before the Nazi Germans steal it for themselves. The Nazis have teams searching for religious artefacts, including the Ark, which is rumored to make an army that carries the Ark before it invincible. The Nazis are being helped by Indiana's arch-rival and French archaeologist René Belloq (Paul Freeman). With the help of his former lover and tough bar owner Marion Ravenwood (Karen Allen) and his excavator friend Sallah (John Rhys-Davies), Indiana manages to recover the Ark in Egypt. The Nazis steal the Ark and capture Indiana and Marion. Belloq and the Nazis perform a ceremony to open the Ark, but when they do so, all they find inside is sand. Suddenly, spirits come out of the Ark and the Nazis are all killed by the Ark's wrath. Indiana and Marion, who survived by closing their eyes, manage to get the Ark to the United States, where it is stored in a secret government warehouse.\n\nIndiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)\nMain article: Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom\nThe second film is a prequel set in 1935, a year before Raiders of the Lost Ark. Indiana escapes Chinese gangsters led by Lao Che with the help of singer/actress Willie Scott (Kate Capshaw) and his twelve-year-old sidekick Short Round (Ke Huy Quan). The trio crash-land in India, where they come across a Punjabi village whose children have been kidnapped. The Thuggee cult led by Mola Ram (Amrish Puri) has also taken the holy Sankara Stones, which they will use to take over the world. Indiana manages to overcome Mola Ram's evil power, rescues the children and returns the stones to their rightful place, overcoming his own mercenary nature. The film has been noted as an outlier in the franchise, as it does not feature Indy's university or any antagonistic political entity, and is less focused on archaeology, being presented as a dark movie with gross-out elements, human sacrifice and torture.\n\nIndiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)\nMain article: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade\nThe third film is set in 1938. Indiana and his friend Marcus Brody (Denholm Elliott) are assigned by American businessman Walter Donovan (Julian Glover) to find the Holy Grail. They are teamed up with Dr. Elsa Schneider (Alison Doody), following on from where Indiana's estranged father Henry (Sean Connery) left off before he disappeared. It transpires that Donovan and Elsa are in league with the Nazis, who captured Henry Jones in order to get Indiana to help them find the Grail. However, Indiana recovers his father's diary filled with his research, and manages to rescue him before finding the location of the Grail. Both Donovan and Elsa fall to the temptation of the Grail, while Indiana and Henry realize that their relationship with each other is more important than finding the relic.\n\nIndiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)\nMain article: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull\nThe fourth film is set in 1957, nineteen years after The Last Crusade. Indiana is having a quiet life teaching before being thrust into a new adventure. He races against agents of the Soviet Union, led by Irina Spalko (Cate Blanchett) for a crystal skull. His journey takes him across Nevada, Connecticut, Peru, and the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. Indiana is faced with betrayal by one of his best friends, Mac (Ray Winstone), is introduced to a greaser named Mutt Williams (Shia LaBeouf), who turns out to be his son (his real name revealed to be Henry Jones III), and is reunited with, and eventually marries, Marion Ravenwood, who was the lead female character introduced in the first movie.\n\nIndiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (2023)\nMain article: Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny\nA fifth film, set in 1969, is scheduled for release on June 30, 2023. The film is being directed by James Mangold, who wrote the script with Jez and John-Henry Butterworth. Spielberg was initially set to direct the film, before passing it to Mangold. Spielberg instead serves as a producer, along with Kennedy and Marshall. Ford reprises the title role, and new cast members include Phoebe Waller-Bridge, Mads Mikkelsen, Thomas Kretschmann, Boyd Holbrook, Shaunette Renée Wilson, Toby Jones and Antonio Banderas. Development of the film began in 2008, but the project stalled for years. Filming eventually began in the United Kingdom in June 2021 and wrapped in February 2022. Given this paragraph about Indiana Jones, tell me who starred in the franchise films with Harrison Ford",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The American media franchise, Indiana Jones, includes five film releases. The first film release, Raiders of the Last Ark included co-stars Paul Freeman, as Rene Bellow, Karen Allen, as Marion Ravenwood, and John Rhys-Davies, as Sallah. The second film release, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom included co-stars Kate Capshaw, as Willie Scott, Ke Huy Quan as Short Round, and Amris Puri, as Mola Ram. The third film release, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade included co-stars Denholm Elliott as Marcus Brody, Julian Glover as Walter Donovan, Alison Doody as Dr. Elsa Schneider, and Sean Connery as Henry Jones. The fourth film release, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull included co-stars Cate Blanchett as Irina Spalko, Ray Winstone as Mac and Shia LaBeouf as Mutt Williams. The fifth and final film release, Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny, is scheduled to be released in June 30, 2023 and currently includes co-stars include Phoebe Waller-Bridge, Mads Mikkelsen, Thomas Kretschmann, Boyd Holbrook, Shaunette Renée Wilson, Toby Jones and Antonio Banderas.",
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| Indiana Jones is an American media franchise based on the adventures of Dr. Henry Walton "Indiana" Jones, Jr., a fictional professor of archaeology, that began in 1981 with the film Raiders of the Lost Ark. In 1984, a prequel, The Temple of Doom, was released, and in 1989, a sequel, The Last Crusade. A fourth film followed in 2008, titled The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. A fifth and final film, titled The Dial of Destiny, is in production and is scheduled to be released in 2023. The series was created by George Lucas and stars Harrison Ford as Indiana Jones. The first four films were directed by Steven Spielberg, who worked closely with Lucas during their production.
In 1992, the franchise expanded to a television series with The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, portraying the character in his childhood and youth, and including adventures with his parents.
Marvel Comics began publishing The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones in 1983, and Dark Horse Comics gained the comic book rights to the character in 1991. Novelizations of the films have been published, as well as many novels with original adventures, including a series of German novels by Wolfgang Hohlbein, twelve novels set before the films published by Bantam Books, and a series set during the character's childhood inspired by the television show.
Numerous Indiana Jones video games have been released since 1982.
Background
During 1973, George Lucas wrote The Adventures of Indiana Smith. Like Star Wars, it was an opportunity to create a modern version of the movie serials of the 1930s and 1940s. Lucas discussed the concept with Philip Kaufman, who worked with him for several weeks and decided upon the Ark of the Covenant as the MacGuffin. The project was stalled when Clint Eastwood hired Kaufman to write The Outlaw Josey Wales. In May 1977, Lucas was in Maui, trying to escape the worldwide success of Star Wars. His friend and colleague Steven Spielberg was also there, on vacation from work on Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Spielberg told Lucas he was interested in making a James Bond film, but Lucas told him of an idea "better than James Bond", outlining the plot of Raiders of the Lost Ark. Spielberg loved it, calling it "a James Bond film without the hardware", and had the character's surname changed to Jones. Spielberg and Lucas made a deal with Paramount Pictures for five Indiana Jones films.
Spielberg and Lucas aimed to make Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom much darker, because of their personal moods following their respective breakups and divorces. Lucas made the film a prequel as he did not want the Nazis to be the villains again. He had ideas regarding the Monkey King and a haunted castle, but eventually created the Sankara Stones, that would be used in the film. He hired Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz to write the script as he knew of their interest in Indian culture. The major scenes that were dropped from Raiders of the Lost Ark were included in this film: an escape using a giant rolling gong as a shield, a fall out of a plane in a raft, and a mine cart chase. For the third film, Spielberg revisited the Monkey King and haunted castle concepts, before Lucas suggested the Holy Grail. Spielberg had previously rejected this as too ethereal, but then devised a father-son story and decided that "The Grail that everybody seeks could be a metaphor for a son seeking reconciliation with a father and a father seeking reconciliation with a son."
Following the 1989 release of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Lucas let the series end as he felt he could not think of a good plot device to drive the next installment and chose instead to produce The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, which explored the character in his early years. Ford played Indiana in one episode, narrating his adventures in 1920 Chicago. When Lucas shot Ford's role in December 1992, he realized that the scene opened up the possibility of a film with an older Indiana set in the 1950s. The film could reflect a science fiction 1950s B-movie, with aliens as the plot device. Ford disliked the new angle, telling Lucas: "No way am I being in a Steven Spielberg movie like that." Spielberg himself, who depicted aliens in Close Encounters of the Third Kind and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, resisted it. Lucas devised a story, which Jeb Stuart turned into a script from October 1993 to May 1994. Lucas wanted Indiana to get married, which would allow Henry Jones Sr. to return, expressing concern over whether his son is happy with what he has accomplished. After learning that Joseph Stalin was interested in psychic warfare, Lucas decided to have Russians as the villains and the aliens to have psychic powers. Following Stuart's next draft, Lucas hired Last Crusade writer Jeffrey Boam to write the next three versions, the last of which was completed in March 1996. Three months later, Independence Day was released, and Spielberg told Lucas he would not make another alien invasion film (or at least not until War of the Worlds in 2005). Lucas decided to focus on the Star Wars prequels instead.
In 2000, Spielberg's son asked when the next Indiana Jones film would be released, which made him interested in reviving the project. The same year, Ford, Lucas, Spielberg, Frank Marshall, and Kathleen Kennedy met during the American Film Institute's tribute to Ford, and decided they wanted to enjoy the experience of making an Indiana Jones film again. Spielberg also found returning to the series a respite from his many dark films during this period. Spielberg and Lucas discussed the central idea of a B-movie involving aliens, and Lucas suggested using crystal skulls to ground the idea. Lucas found these artifacts as fascinating as the Ark, and had intended to feature them for a Young Indiana Jones episode before the show's cancellation. M. Night Shyamalan was hired to write for an intended 2002 shoot, but he was overwhelmed by the task, and claimed it was difficult to get Ford, Spielberg, and Lucas to focus. Stephen Gaghan and Tom Stoppard were also approached.
Frank Darabont, who wrote various Young Indiana Jones episodes, was hired to write in May 2002. His script, titled Indiana Jones and the City of Gods, was set in the 1950s, with ex-Nazis pursuing Jones. Spielberg conceived the idea because of real-life figures such as Juan Perón in Argentina, who allegedly protected Nazi war criminals. Darabont claimed Spielberg loved the script, but Lucas had issues with it, and decided to take over writing himself. Lucas and Spielberg acknowledged that the 1950s setting could not ignore the Cold War, and the Russians were more plausible villains. Spielberg decided he could not satirize the Nazis after directing Schindler's List, while Ford felt "We plum wore the Nazis out." Darabont's main contribution was reintroducing Marion Ravenwood as Indiana's love interest, but he gave them a 13-year-old daughter, which Spielberg decided was too similar to The Lost World: Jurassic Park.
Jeff Nathanson met with Spielberg and Lucas in August 2004, and turned in the next drafts in October and November 2005, titled The Atomic Ants. David Koepp continued on from there, giving his script the subtitle Destroyer of Worlds, based on the J. Robert Oppenheimer quote. It was changed to Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, as Spielberg found this a more inviting title which actually named the plot device. Koepp wanted to depict the character of Mutt as a nerd, but Lucas refused, explaining he had to resemble Marlon Brando in The Wild One; "he needs to be what Indiana Jones's father thought of – the curse returns in the form of his own son – he's everything a father can't stand". Koepp collaborated with Lawrence Kasdan on the film's "love dialogue".
The Walt Disney Company has owned the Indiana Jones intellectual property since its acquisition of Lucasfilm, the series' production company, in 2012, when Lucas sold it for $4 billion. Walt Disney Studios owns the distribution and marketing rights to future Indiana Jones films since 2013, with Paramount retaining the distribution rights to the first four films and receiving "financial participation" from any additional films. Disney will distribute the fifth film Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny, which will be directed by James Mangold and produced by Spielberg.
Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
Main article: Raiders of the Lost Ark
The first film is set in 1936. Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford) is hired by government agents to locate the Ark of the Covenant, the gold plated chest containing the stone tablets Moses used to inscribe the Ten Commandments before the Nazi Germans steal it for themselves. The Nazis have teams searching for religious artefacts, including the Ark, which is rumored to make an army that carries the Ark before it invincible. The Nazis are being helped by Indiana's arch-rival and French archaeologist René Belloq (Paul Freeman). With the help of his former lover and tough bar owner Marion Ravenwood (Karen Allen) and his excavator friend Sallah (John Rhys-Davies), Indiana manages to recover the Ark in Egypt. The Nazis steal the Ark and capture Indiana and Marion. Belloq and the Nazis perform a ceremony to open the Ark, but when they do so, all they find inside is sand. Suddenly, spirits come out of the Ark and the Nazis are all killed by the Ark's wrath. Indiana and Marion, who survived by closing their eyes, manage to get the Ark to the United States, where it is stored in a secret government warehouse.
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
Main article: Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom
The second film is a prequel set in 1935, a year before Raiders of the Lost Ark. Indiana escapes Chinese gangsters led by Lao Che with the help of singer/actress Willie Scott (Kate Capshaw) and his twelve-year-old sidekick Short Round (Ke Huy Quan). The trio crash-land in India, where they come across a Punjabi village whose children have been kidnapped. The Thuggee cult led by Mola Ram (Amrish Puri) has also taken the holy Sankara Stones, which they will use to take over the world. Indiana manages to overcome Mola Ram's evil power, rescues the children and returns the stones to their rightful place, overcoming his own mercenary nature. The film has been noted as an outlier in the franchise, as it does not feature Indy's university or any antagonistic political entity, and is less focused on archaeology, being presented as a dark movie with gross-out elements, human sacrifice and torture.
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
Main article: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
The third film is set in 1938. Indiana and his friend Marcus Brody (Denholm Elliott) are assigned by American businessman Walter Donovan (Julian Glover) to find the Holy Grail. They are teamed up with Dr. Elsa Schneider (Alison Doody), following on from where Indiana's estranged father Henry (Sean Connery) left off before he disappeared. It transpires that Donovan and Elsa are in league with the Nazis, who captured Henry Jones in order to get Indiana to help them find the Grail. However, Indiana recovers his father's diary filled with his research, and manages to rescue him before finding the location of the Grail. Both Donovan and Elsa fall to the temptation of the Grail, while Indiana and Henry realize that their relationship with each other is more important than finding the relic.
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
Main article: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
The fourth film is set in 1957, nineteen years after The Last Crusade. Indiana is having a quiet life teaching before being thrust into a new adventure. He races against agents of the Soviet Union, led by Irina Spalko (Cate Blanchett) for a crystal skull. His journey takes him across Nevada, Connecticut, Peru, and the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. Indiana is faced with betrayal by one of his best friends, Mac (Ray Winstone), is introduced to a greaser named Mutt Williams (Shia LaBeouf), who turns out to be his son (his real name revealed to be Henry Jones III), and is reunited with, and eventually marries, Marion Ravenwood, who was the lead female character introduced in the first movie.
Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (2023)
Main article: Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny
A fifth film, set in 1969, is scheduled for release on June 30, 2023. The film is being directed by James Mangold, who wrote the script with Jez and John-Henry Butterworth. Spielberg was initially set to direct the film, before passing it to Mangold. Spielberg instead serves as a producer, along with Kennedy and Marshall. Ford reprises the title role, and new cast members include Phoebe Waller-Bridge, Mads Mikkelsen, Thomas Kretschmann, Boyd Holbrook, Shaunette Renée Wilson, Toby Jones and Antonio Banderas. Development of the film began in 2008, but the project stalled for years. Filming eventually began in the United Kingdom in June 2021 and wrapped in February 2022. Given this paragraph about Indiana Jones, tell me who starred in the franchise films with Harrison Ford |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write an email to the head of academic coaching at Services for Students with Disabilities sharing that I’ve applied to the coaching position. I have experience volunteering w children on the autism spectrum.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hi,\n\nI hope you are having a wonderful day. My name is _, and I just applied for the Program Staff position at the Services for Students with Disabilities to empower students who have disabilities to reach their academic dreams. My background working in higher education and volunteering with kids on the Autism spectrum combine to bring an empathetic and impactful perspective.\n\nPlease let me know if there is anything else I can do at this time to be considered for this position.\n\nWith gratitude,\n_",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write an email to the head of academic coaching at Services for Students with Disabilities sharing that I’ve applied to the coaching position. I have experience volunteering w children on the autism spectrum. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Find the bird in this list: Shark, Dog, Arctic tern",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Arctic tern",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Find the bird in this list: Shark, Dog, Arctic tern |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why are airlines tickets so expensive, right now?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Post pandemic, airline travel has gotten more expensive due to all the major airlines having to cancel a lot of daily flights on popular routes. This is mainly due to staff shortages being faced by the industry. This has led to misalignment on the demand-supply front",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why are airlines tickets so expensive, right now? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How many NBA championships does Lebron James have?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "4 nba championships",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How many NBA championships does Lebron James have? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What did Gertrude Townend do",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Gertrude Catherine Townend was a British nurse and suffragette. She provided, with Nurse Catherine Pine, a care home for suffragettes recovering from imprisonment and force-feeding, and participated in suffragette gatherings.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What did Gertrude Townend do |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Think up of a bunch of different holidays celebrated in the US",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Some US holidays include 4th of July, Memorial Day, Labor Day, Juneteenth and Thanksgiving",
"role": "assistant"
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]
| Think up of a bunch of different holidays celebrated in the US |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How to go on a road trip with kids?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It's great to get kids involved in the planning of the trip. The more they are bought into what you're doing the better their attitudes will be. This also helps so that the trip is really for everyone and they get a chance to do some of the things they want. Driving days can be difficult if you have big stretches of distance to cover. You can use various forms of entertainment, and make sure to mix it up. It's easy to watch shows with modern devices, but integrating things like riddles or brain puzzles can really help. Another great thing that can take up a lot of time is audio books, or reading a book out loud. Again, get everyone involved in the planning of car activities so you get a variety and everyone can contribute. Finally, take your time and don't rush things. If you get in a rush it's hard to have time and enjoy the trip.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How to go on a road trip with kids? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What are some disadvantages of the way the tax code treats incentive stock options?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are three primary problems with the way the tax code treats incentive stock options. First, the tax code gives an employee a strong incentive to exercise the options early on, to achieve the tax benefit relating to the special option treatment. This means the tax code encourages young employees to write a check to their employer at a time when their entire financial life is likely to be dependent on that employer. This is the exact opposite of diversification, a key goal of personal financial management. The second issue is that the alternative minimum tax (AMT) is imposed at the time of exercise. This requires a potentially large cash outlay, at a time when the employee is unlikely to have sufficient liquidity to meet the burden. So not only does the employee have to pay his or her employer to cover the exercise premium, he or she has to send funds to the Internal Revenue Service as well. Finally, the requirement that an employee terminating employment must exercise within three months of termination date to preserve the tax advantage of the options encourages exercise at a time when the employee may not have sufficient funds, and may be looking at financial uncertainty if he or she does not yet have a new job lined up. The advantages of incentive stock options are significant, but they encourage the wrong behavior.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some disadvantages of the way the tax code treats incentive stock options? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Who is the antagonist on The X-Files?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are many antagonists on The X-Files, but the most long-running individual antagonist is The Cigarette Smoking Man (CSM) also known as C.G.B. Spender. He was primarily responsible for orchestrating conspiracies. He was a member of \"The Syndicate,\" which was a mysterious shadow government group that covered up the existence of extraterrestrial life.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is the antagonist on The X-Files? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Namibia or Lithuania.\nKlaipėda, Oshakati, Kaunas, Windhoek, Vilnius, Rundu",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Namibia - Windhoek, Rundu, Oshakati\nLithuania - Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda",
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]
| Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Namibia or Lithuania.
Klaipėda, Oshakati, Kaunas, Windhoek, Vilnius, Rundu |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the five largest countries in the world in terms of land area?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The five largest countries in the world in terms of land area are Russia (17,098,250 km²), Canada (9,879,750 km²), China (9,600,013 km²), the United States (9,525,067 - 9,831,510 km²), and Brazil (8,515,770 km²).",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the five largest countries in the world in terms of land area? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is RBI?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Reserve Bank of India, chiefly known as RBI, is India's central bank and regulatory body responsible for regulation of the Indian banking system. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India. It is responsible for the control, issue and maintaining supply of the Indian rupee. \nIt also manages the country's main payment systems and works to promote its economic development. Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran (BRBNM) is a specialised division of RBI through which it prints and mints Indian currency notes (INR) in four of its currency printing presses located in Nashik (Maharashtra; Western India), Dewas (Madhya Pradesh; Central India), Mysore (Karnataka; Southern India) and Salboni (West Bengal; Eastern India). \nThe RBI established the National Payments Corporation of India as one of its specialised division to regulate the payment and settlement systems in India. Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation was established by RBI as one of its specialised division for the purpose of providing insurance of deposits and guaranteeing of credit facilities to all Indian banks.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is RBI? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "List the twelve astrological signs of the Zodiac in alphabetical order, with their corresponding symbol in parentheses.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "(1) Aquarius (Water-Bearer)\n(2) Aries (Ram)\n(3) Cancer (Crab)\n(4) Capricorn (Goat)\n(5) Gemini (Twins)\n(6) Leo (Lion)\n(7) Libra (Scales)\n(8) Pisces (Fish)\n(9) Sagittarius (Archer)\n(10) Scorpio (Scorpion)\n(11) Taurus (Bull)\n(12) Virgo (Maiden)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| List the twelve astrological signs of the Zodiac in alphabetical order, with their corresponding symbol in parentheses. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Kumanichi Road Race (Japanese: 熊本30K) is an annual road running competition over 30 kilometres which is typically held in February in Kumamoto, Japan. It was first held in 1957 as a men-only competition. A women's race was introduced in 2006. The race is one of the world's most prominent over the uncommon 30K distance. A total of eight Association of Road Racing Statisticians-recognised men's world records have been set at the competition, including the current world record.\n\nThe course records are held by Takayuki Matsumiya (1:28:00) and Yuka Hakoyama (1:43:26). It is mostly contested by Japanese athletes, with Kenya's Willy Kangogo becoming the event's sole non-national winner in 2007. Given a reference text about the Kumanichi Road Race, tell me when the race was first held and who holds the course records.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Kumanichi Road Race was first held in 1957. Takayuki Matsumiya and Yuka Hakoyama hold the course records.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Kumanichi Road Race (Japanese: 熊本30K) is an annual road running competition over 30 kilometres which is typically held in February in Kumamoto, Japan. It was first held in 1957 as a men-only competition. A women's race was introduced in 2006. The race is one of the world's most prominent over the uncommon 30K distance. A total of eight Association of Road Racing Statisticians-recognised men's world records have been set at the competition, including the current world record.
The course records are held by Takayuki Matsumiya (1:28:00) and Yuka Hakoyama (1:43:26). It is mostly contested by Japanese athletes, with Kenya's Willy Kangogo becoming the event's sole non-national winner in 2007. Given a reference text about the Kumanichi Road Race, tell me when the race was first held and who holds the course records. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me if these are states or countries: New York, Brazil, Africa, Sweden, Indiana, California, Hawaii, Argentina",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The following are states: Indiana, California, Hawaii, New York. Countries: Brazil, Argentina, Sweden. Africa is neither a state or a country, it is a continent. Also New York is the name of a city and a state.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me if these are states or countries: New York, Brazil, Africa, Sweden, Indiana, California, Hawaii, Argentina |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How to be a good software engineer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A diversity of industry experience is required to be a good software engineer. Practice industry-standard principles of writing high-quality production-grade code, understand and debug a complicated production system, and effectively communicate with other engineers to scale the team.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How to be a good software engineer? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Grunge is generally characterized by a sludgy electric guitar sound with a thick middle register and rolled-off treble tone and a high level of distortion and fuzz, typically created with small 1970s-style stompbox pedals, with some guitarists chaining several fuzz pedals together and plugging them into a tube amplifier and speaker cabinet.Grunge guitarists use very loud Marshall guitar amplifiers and some used powerful Mesa-Boogie amplifiers, including Kurt Cobain and Dave Grohl (the latter in early, grunge-oriented Foo Fighters songs). Grunge has been called the rock genre with the most \"lugubrious sound\"; the use of heavy distortion and loud amps has been compared to a massive \"buildup of sonic fog\" or even dismissed as \"noise\" by one critic.As with metal and punk, a key part of grunge's sound is very distorted power chords played on the electric guitar. Given this paragraph about grunge guitarists, what types of amplifiers would typically be preferred?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Some grunge guitarists use loud Marshall or Mesa-Boogie amplifiers.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Grunge is generally characterized by a sludgy electric guitar sound with a thick middle register and rolled-off treble tone and a high level of distortion and fuzz, typically created with small 1970s-style stompbox pedals, with some guitarists chaining several fuzz pedals together and plugging them into a tube amplifier and speaker cabinet.Grunge guitarists use very loud Marshall guitar amplifiers and some used powerful Mesa-Boogie amplifiers, including Kurt Cobain and Dave Grohl (the latter in early, grunge-oriented Foo Fighters songs). Grunge has been called the rock genre with the most "lugubrious sound"; the use of heavy distortion and loud amps has been compared to a massive "buildup of sonic fog" or even dismissed as "noise" by one critic.As with metal and punk, a key part of grunge's sound is very distorted power chords played on the electric guitar. Given this paragraph about grunge guitarists, what types of amplifiers would typically be preferred? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a Keystone?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A keystone is the top block of an arch. It is an essential part of an arch because it keeps other stones from falling. A keystone is shaped like a trapezoid, the widest part at the top, so it doesn't slide out of the arch. Humans have built remarkable buildings with heavy ceilings on arches supported by a keystone. Many architects and artisans have been known to sculpt family emblems, symbols and designs on keystones.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a Keystone? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What do you think: can we release this without a UI and add that later? Can we release it as GA without a UI?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I think we're better off releasing it as an update to. the public preview if we aren't going to have a UI. And the API needs to be very well documented. If we do release it as GA without a UI, we should definitely message to customers that a UI is coming (although not promise a time frame or ETA).",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What do you think: can we release this without a UI and add that later? Can we release it as GA without a UI? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of several scenic countries that you should visit.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Switzerland, Vietnam, Thailand, Morocco, Botswana, New Zealand",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of several scenic countries that you should visit. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Since the eyes are believed to be expressive, the eyes portrayed in Maitum jars are given high regard in describing the dead. The eyes are classified to four major shapes: (1) almond, (2) ovaloid, (3) round and (4) rectangular. Find the four eye shapes on Maitum anthropomorphic pottery and separate them with a comma",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "almond, ovaloid, round, rectangular",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Since the eyes are believed to be expressive, the eyes portrayed in Maitum jars are given high regard in describing the dead. The eyes are classified to four major shapes: (1) almond, (2) ovaloid, (3) round and (4) rectangular. Find the four eye shapes on Maitum anthropomorphic pottery and separate them with a comma |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Karl Otto Lagerfeld (German pronunciation: [kaʁl ˈʔɔtoː ˈlaːɡɐˌfɛlt] (listen); 10 September 1933 – 19 February 2019) was a German fashion designer, creative director, artist and photographer.\n\nHe was known as the creative director of the French fashion house Chanel, a position held from 1983 until his death, and was also creative director of the Italian fur and leather goods fashion house Fendi, and of his own eponymous fashion label. He collaborated on a variety of fashion and art-related projects. Extract who was Karl Lagerfeld",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Karl Lagerfeld was one of the world's premier fashion designers who rose to international fame in the 1980s, as the creative director of the French fashion house Chanel. He was also the creative director of Fendi and had his own fashion label. Early in his career, he was the assistant to Pierre Balmain and became the creative director of Jean Patou in 1958. He collaborated with many high end fashion labels such as Krizia, Charles Jourdan, Chloe and Valentino.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Karl Otto Lagerfeld (German pronunciation: [kaʁl ˈʔɔtoː ˈlaːɡɐˌfɛlt] (listen); 10 September 1933 – 19 February 2019) was a German fashion designer, creative director, artist and photographer.
He was known as the creative director of the French fashion house Chanel, a position held from 1983 until his death, and was also creative director of the Italian fur and leather goods fashion house Fendi, and of his own eponymous fashion label. He collaborated on a variety of fashion and art-related projects. Extract who was Karl Lagerfeld |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify the below numbers into odd or even.\n1, 4, 5, 333, 67, 88, 100",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Odd - 1, 5, 333, 67\nEven - 4, 88, 100",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify the below numbers into odd or even.
1, 4, 5, 333, 67, 88, 100 |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Which good habits can help you live healthy life",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Living healthy life requires structured approach and control your mind with positive thoughts. Doing Yoga in the morning may help you to clear all negative energy, doing breathing excercises will help clean the organs and remove acid reflexes in the body \n\nEating at regular intervals will help maintaining the metabolism. Eating balanced food with proterins, fiber, iron, sugar and fat will help getting neutrens in the body.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which good habits can help you live healthy life |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the Masters?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Masters Tournament is a golf tournament held annually in the first week of April at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. The Masters is one of four Major golf tournaments and the only one to be played at the same course every year. The course is renowned for its iconic holes, impeccable groundskeeping, and colorful flowers that are typically in bloom. The winner earns a coveted Green Jacket and a lifetime invitation back to compete. Many players and fans consider The Masters to be their favorite tournament given these traditions and the historical moments that have occurred in past tournaments.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the Masters? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The noble gases (historically also the inert gases; sometimes referred to as aerogens) make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity. The six naturally occurring noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn).\nOganesson (Og) is a synthetically produced highly radioactive element. Although IUPAC has used the term \"noble gas\" interchangeably with \"group 18\" and thus included oganesson, it may not be significantly chemically noble and is predicted to break the trend and be reactive due to relativistic effects. Because of the extremely short 0.7 ms half-life of its only known isotope, its chemistry has not yet been investigated.\nFor the first six periods of the periodic table, the noble gases are exactly the members of group 18. Noble gases are typically highly unreactive except when under particular extreme conditions. The inertness of noble gases makes them very suitable in applications where reactions are not wanted. For example, argon is used in incandescent lamps to prevent the hot tungsten filament from oxidizing; also, helium is used in breathing gas by deep-sea divers to prevent oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide toxicity.\nThe properties of the noble gases can be well explained by modern theories of atomic structure: Their outer shell of valence electrons is considered to be \"full\", giving them little tendency to participate in chemical reactions, and it has been possible to prepare only a few hundred noble gas compounds. The melting and boiling points for a given noble gas are close together, differing by less than 10 °C (18 °F); that is, they are liquids over only a small temperature range.\nNeon, argon, krypton, and xenon are obtained from air in an air separation unit using the methods of liquefaction of gases and fractional distillation. Helium is sourced from natural gas fields that have high concentrations of helium in the natural gas, using cryogenic gas separation techniques, and radon is usually isolated from the radioactive decay of dissolved radium, thorium, or uranium compounds. Noble gases have several important applications in industries such as lighting, welding, and space exploration. A helium-oxygen breathing gas is often used by deep-sea divers at depths of seawater over 55 m (180 ft). After the risks caused by the flammability of hydrogen became apparent in the Hindenburg disaster, it was replaced with helium in blimps and balloons. Based on the paragraph below, describe 2 suitable applications of noble gases.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The inertness of noble gases makes them very suitable in applications where reactions are not wanted. Two suitable examples of application are: \n1. argon is used in incandescent lamps to prevent the hot tungsten filament from oxidizing,\n2. helium is used in breathing gas by deep-sea divers to prevent oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide toxicity.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The noble gases (historically also the inert gases; sometimes referred to as aerogens) make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity. The six naturally occurring noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn).
Oganesson (Og) is a synthetically produced highly radioactive element. Although IUPAC has used the term "noble gas" interchangeably with "group 18" and thus included oganesson, it may not be significantly chemically noble and is predicted to break the trend and be reactive due to relativistic effects. Because of the extremely short 0.7 ms half-life of its only known isotope, its chemistry has not yet been investigated.
For the first six periods of the periodic table, the noble gases are exactly the members of group 18. Noble gases are typically highly unreactive except when under particular extreme conditions. The inertness of noble gases makes them very suitable in applications where reactions are not wanted. For example, argon is used in incandescent lamps to prevent the hot tungsten filament from oxidizing; also, helium is used in breathing gas by deep-sea divers to prevent oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide toxicity.
The properties of the noble gases can be well explained by modern theories of atomic structure: Their outer shell of valence electrons is considered to be "full", giving them little tendency to participate in chemical reactions, and it has been possible to prepare only a few hundred noble gas compounds. The melting and boiling points for a given noble gas are close together, differing by less than 10 °C (18 °F); that is, they are liquids over only a small temperature range.
Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon are obtained from air in an air separation unit using the methods of liquefaction of gases and fractional distillation. Helium is sourced from natural gas fields that have high concentrations of helium in the natural gas, using cryogenic gas separation techniques, and radon is usually isolated from the radioactive decay of dissolved radium, thorium, or uranium compounds. Noble gases have several important applications in industries such as lighting, welding, and space exploration. A helium-oxygen breathing gas is often used by deep-sea divers at depths of seawater over 55 m (180 ft). After the risks caused by the flammability of hydrogen became apparent in the Hindenburg disaster, it was replaced with helium in blimps and balloons. Based on the paragraph below, describe 2 suitable applications of noble gases. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Pana Chand Meghwal is an Indian politician from the Indian National Congress and former member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He was elected to represent the Baran-Atru Constituency. He resigned from Rajasthan assembly on 15 August 2022. Miffed over cases of alleged atrocities on dalits, Congress MLA Pana Chand Meghwal sent his resignation to chief minister Ashok Gehlot, saying he does not have the right to stay as an MLA if he cannot protect the rights of his community. Who is Pana Chand Meghwal",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pana Chand Meghwal is an Indian politician from the Indian National Congress and former member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He was elected to represent the Baran-Atru Constituency.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Pana Chand Meghwal is an Indian politician from the Indian National Congress and former member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He was elected to represent the Baran-Atru Constituency. He resigned from Rajasthan assembly on 15 August 2022. Miffed over cases of alleged atrocities on dalits, Congress MLA Pana Chand Meghwal sent his resignation to chief minister Ashok Gehlot, saying he does not have the right to stay as an MLA if he cannot protect the rights of his community. Who is Pana Chand Meghwal |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How do you treat a dog diarrhea",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You can treat a dog diarrhea by letting the dog skip one meal and give ground turkey and rice plus one packet of probiotics to the dog. You can add some veggie if you see improvement.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do you treat a dog diarrhea |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the name of the curvy street in San Francisco?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Lombard Street in San Francisco is often referred to as the \"crookedest\" or most curvy street in the world.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the name of the curvy street in San Francisco? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Carbonara (Italian: [karboˈnaːra]) is a Roman pasta dish made with eggs, hard cheese, cured pork and black pepper. The dish took its modern form and name in the middle of the 20th century.\n\nThe cheese is usually Pecorino Romano, Parmigiano-Reggiano, or a combination of the two. Spaghetti is the most common pasta, but fettuccine, rigatoni, linguine, or bucatini are also used. Normally guanciale or pancetta are used for the meat component, but lardons of smoked bacon are a common substitute outside Italy. List the types of pasta that can be used to make carbonara",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Spaghetti, fettuccine, rigatoni, linguine, bucatini",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Carbonara (Italian: [karboˈnaːra]) is a Roman pasta dish made with eggs, hard cheese, cured pork and black pepper. The dish took its modern form and name in the middle of the 20th century.
The cheese is usually Pecorino Romano, Parmigiano-Reggiano, or a combination of the two. Spaghetti is the most common pasta, but fettuccine, rigatoni, linguine, or bucatini are also used. Normally guanciale or pancetta are used for the meat component, but lardons of smoked bacon are a common substitute outside Italy. List the types of pasta that can be used to make carbonara |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Lee Ji-eun (Korean: 이지은; born May 16, 1993), also known by her stage name IU (Korean: 아이유), is a South Korean singer-songwriter, record producer, and actress. She signed with LOEN Entertainment (now Kakao Entertainment) in 2007 as a trainee and debuted as a singer at the age of fifteen with her first extended play (EP) Lost and Found (2008). Although her follow-up albums, Growing Up and IU...IM, brought mainstream success, it was only after the release of \"Good Day\" (Korean: 좋은 날), the lead single from her 2010 album Real, that she achieved national stardom. \"Good Day\" went on to spend five consecutive weeks at the top of South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart, and in 2019, it was ranked number one on Billboard's \"100 Greatest K-Pop Songs of the 2010s\" list.\n\nLost and Found is the debut extended play (EP) by South Korean singer-songwriter IU. It was released by LOEN Entertainment on September 23, 2008. IU collaborated with lyricist and producer Choi Gap-won, who had previously produced songs including \"Amnesia\" by Gummy, \"Incurable Disease\" by Wheesung, and \"Toc Toc Toc\" by Lee Hyori. Lee Jong-hoon of Soul-Shop and the singer Mario additionally worked on the title song, \"Lost Child\". Given a reference text about a singer, tell me when they debuted, what their first release was, and what their most popular song is.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The singer Lee Ji-eun, or better known as IU, debuted on September 23, 2008 with her first extended play \"Lost and Found\". Her most popular song is \"Good Day\" from her 2010 album \"Real\" which was ranked number one on Billboard's \"100 Greatest K-Pop Songs of the 2010s\" list.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Lee Ji-eun (Korean: 이지은; born May 16, 1993), also known by her stage name IU (Korean: 아이유), is a South Korean singer-songwriter, record producer, and actress. She signed with LOEN Entertainment (now Kakao Entertainment) in 2007 as a trainee and debuted as a singer at the age of fifteen with her first extended play (EP) Lost and Found (2008). Although her follow-up albums, Growing Up and IU...IM, brought mainstream success, it was only after the release of "Good Day" (Korean: 좋은 날), the lead single from her 2010 album Real, that she achieved national stardom. "Good Day" went on to spend five consecutive weeks at the top of South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart, and in 2019, it was ranked number one on Billboard's "100 Greatest K-Pop Songs of the 2010s" list.
Lost and Found is the debut extended play (EP) by South Korean singer-songwriter IU. It was released by LOEN Entertainment on September 23, 2008. IU collaborated with lyricist and producer Choi Gap-won, who had previously produced songs including "Amnesia" by Gummy, "Incurable Disease" by Wheesung, and "Toc Toc Toc" by Lee Hyori. Lee Jong-hoon of Soul-Shop and the singer Mario additionally worked on the title song, "Lost Child". Given a reference text about a singer, tell me when they debuted, what their first release was, and what their most popular song is. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How do you jump start a car?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Make sure both batteries have the same voltage (they probably do unless one car is old). Don’t jump start a frozen battery (it may explode), or a battery with cracks in the casing\nKeep metal objects away from the battery. If they cause a spark it could be dangerous.\n\n2. Park the two cars facing each other, close but with enough space to walk in between.\n\n3. Remove the keys from the ignitions, turn off lights/blinkers.\n\n4. Disconnect all accessories (voltage spikes can damage them).\n\n5. Clamp one of the red (positive) clamp to the positive terminal of the dead battery. If there is corrosion on the terminal, clean off or scrape the residue, and/or twist the jaws of the clamp until it cuts through the corrosion and into the metal. Make sure the black clamp of the same end isn’t touching any metal.\n\n6. Connect the other red clamp to the positive terminal of the good battery.\n\n7. Connect the black (negative) clamp to the negative terminal of the good battery.\n\n8. Attach the other black clamp to an unpainted metal surface (e.g. bolt, bracket) on the engine of the car with the dead battery, at least a few inches away from the battery. If a labeled remote negative terminal is available, use it.\n\n9. Confirm that the jumper cables are not near any moving engine parts.\n\n10. Start the booster car, and let it idle for 5 minutes to build up a charge in the dead battery. This will take longer if the dead battery is really empty.\n\n11. Start the car with the dead battery and let the two vehicles idle for a few minutes. If the car doesn’t start, wait a few more minutes and try again. In some instances, slightly revving the engine of the running car while charging the dead battery may help. If it still doesn’t start, it probably won’t.\n\n12. Disconnect the jumper cables reversing the connection order, making sure no disconnected clamps touch any metal or each other\n\n13. Drive the jump-started car for at least 20-30 minutes so it can recharge the battery\nTry to keep the jumper cables with you; you may need to jump again the next time you start the car.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do you jump start a car? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who landed on Timor Island after being cast adrift",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Captain Bligh",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who landed on Timor Island after being cast adrift |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Cologne is the largest city of the German western state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 million people in the urban region. Centered on the left (west) bank of the Rhine, Cologne is about 35 km (22 mi) southeast of NRW's state capital Düsseldorf and 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Bonn, the former capital of West Germany.\n\nWildlife\n\nThe presence of animals in Cologne is generally limited to insects, small rodents, and several species of birds. Pigeons are the most often seen animals in Cologne, although the number of birds is augmented each year by a growing population of feral exotics, most visibly parrots such as the rose-ringed parakeet. The sheltered climate in southeast Northrhine-Westphalia allows these birds to survive through the winter, and in some cases, they are displacing native species. The plumage of Cologne's green parrots is highly visible even from a distance, and contrasts starkly with the otherwise muted colours of the cityscape. Given the reference text about the city of Cologne and its wildlife, can I expect to see any cats in Cologne?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Although, the passage about the wildlife in the city of Cologne does not mention cats, it is possible to encounter cats in Cologne since it is very common for people in western cultures to own cats and let them outside on their own. The reason cats are not mentioned in the passage is that cats are not considered wildlife but pets. This, of course, excludes species of \"large cats\" such as lions or tigers which you would typically not encounter in a city, unless you go to the zoo.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Cologne is the largest city of the German western state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 million people in the urban region. Centered on the left (west) bank of the Rhine, Cologne is about 35 km (22 mi) southeast of NRW's state capital Düsseldorf and 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Bonn, the former capital of West Germany.
Wildlife
The presence of animals in Cologne is generally limited to insects, small rodents, and several species of birds. Pigeons are the most often seen animals in Cologne, although the number of birds is augmented each year by a growing population of feral exotics, most visibly parrots such as the rose-ringed parakeet. The sheltered climate in southeast Northrhine-Westphalia allows these birds to survive through the winter, and in some cases, they are displacing native species. The plumage of Cologne's green parrots is highly visible even from a distance, and contrasts starkly with the otherwise muted colours of the cityscape. Given the reference text about the city of Cologne and its wildlife, can I expect to see any cats in Cologne? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "When did the first World war start?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "July 28, 1914",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| When did the first World war start? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is genome analysis?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The genome sequence of an organism includes the collective DNA sequences of each chromosome in the organism. For a bacterium containing a single chromosome, a genome project will aim to map the sequence of that chromosome. For the human species, whose genome includes 22 pairs of autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes, a complete genome sequence will involve 46 separate chromosome sequences.\n\nThe Human Genome Project is a well known example of a genome project.\n\nGenome assembly refers to the process of taking a large number of short DNA sequences and reassembling them to create a representation of the original chromosomes from which the DNA originated. In a shotgun sequencing project, all the DNA from a source (usually a single organism, anything from a bacterium to a mammal) is first fractured into millions of small pieces. These pieces are then \"read\" by automated sequencing machines. A genome assembly algorithm works by taking all the pieces and aligning them to one another, and detecting all places where two of the short sequences, or reads, overlap. These overlapping reads can be merged, and the process continues.\n\nGenome assembly is a very difficult computational problem, made more difficult because many genomes contain large numbers of identical sequences, known as repeats. These repeats can be thousands of nucleotides long, and occur different locations, especially in the large genomes of plants and animals.\n\nThe resulting (draft) genome sequence is produced by combining the information sequenced contigs and then employing linking information to create scaffolds. Scaffolds are positioned along the physical map of the chromosomes creating a \"golden path\".\n\nOriginally, most large-scale DNA sequencing centers developed their own software for assembling the sequences that they produced. However, this has changed as the software has grown more complex and as the number of sequencing centers has increased. An example of such assembler Short Oligonucleotide Analysis Package developed by BGI for de novo assembly of human-sized genomes, alignment, SNP detection, resequencing, indel finding, and structural variation analysis.\n\nSince the 1980s, molecular biology and bioinformatics have created the need for DNA annotation. DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of identifying attaching biological information to sequences , and particularly in identifying the locations of genes and determining what those genes do.\n\nWhen sequencing a genome, there are usually regions that are difficult to sequence (often regions with highly repetitive DNA). Thus, 'completed' genome sequences are rarely ever complete, and terms such as 'working draft' or 'essentially complete' have been used to more accurately describe the status of such genome projects. Even when every base pair of a genome sequence has been determined, there are still likely to be errors present because DNA sequencing is not a completely accurate process. It could also be argued that a complete genome project should include the sequences of mitochondria and (for plants) chloroplasts as these organelles have their own genomes.\n\nIt is often reported that the goal of sequencing a genome is to obtain information about the complete set of genes in that particular genome sequence. The proportion of a genome that encodes for genes may be very small (particularly in eukaryotes such as humans, where coding DNA may only account for a few percent of the entire sequence). However, it is not always possible (or desirable) to only sequence the coding regions separately. Also, as scientists understand more about the role of this noncoding DNA (often referred to as junk DNA), it will become more important to have a complete genome sequence as a background to understanding the genetics and biology of any given organism.\n\nIn many ways genome projects do not confine themselves to only determining a DNA sequence of an organism. Such projects may also include gene prediction to find out where the genes are in a genome, and what those genes do. There may also be related projects to sequence ESTs or mRNAs to help find out where the genes actually are.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is genome analysis? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Damphu, Dulcimer",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Dulcimer is string, Damphu is percussion.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Damphu, Dulcimer |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Apache Spark is an open-source unified analytics engine for large-scale data processing. Spark provides an interface for programming clusters with implicit data parallelism and fault tolerance. Originally developed at the University of California, Berkeley's AMPLab, the Spark codebase was later donated to the Apache Software Foundation, which has maintained it since. What do you know about Apache Spark?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Apache Spark is an open-source analytics engine for large-scale data processing.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Apache Spark is an open-source unified analytics engine for large-scale data processing. Spark provides an interface for programming clusters with implicit data parallelism and fault tolerance. Originally developed at the University of California, Berkeley's AMPLab, the Spark codebase was later donated to the Apache Software Foundation, which has maintained it since. What do you know about Apache Spark? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are the best cliffs in Ireland?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Cliffs of Moher are 702 feet/214 meters at their highest point, near O'Brien's Tower. Though not the highest cliffs in Ireland – that honor goes to Co Donegal's Slieve League Cliffs and Achill Island's Croaghaun Cliffs – they are by far the most popular.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the best cliffs in Ireland? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "A Half-pistole was a Scottish gold coin minted in 1701 under the reign of King William III. Along with the Pistole it was one of last gold coin minted for the Kingdom of Scotland before the Acts of Union 1707. The Half-pistole was equal to 6 Scottish pounds with an approximate value equal to the British Half guinea. According to this article, how many Scottish pounds would four Half-pistole be worth?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Four Half-pistole would be worth twenty-four (24) Scottish pounds. Each Half-pistole is 6 Scottish pounds and 6 x 4 = 24.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| A Half-pistole was a Scottish gold coin minted in 1701 under the reign of King William III. Along with the Pistole it was one of last gold coin minted for the Kingdom of Scotland before the Acts of Union 1707. The Half-pistole was equal to 6 Scottish pounds with an approximate value equal to the British Half guinea. According to this article, how many Scottish pounds would four Half-pistole be worth? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is the greatest NFL quarterback of all-time?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Different people have different opinions when ranking professional football players in the NFL. Both individual and team metrics are considered when determining the best quarterback. Key individual metrics in the NFL include individual passing metrics (such as passer rating, number of passing yards, and number of touchdowns thrown) and individual awards won (such as the NFL Offensive Player of the Year). Key team metrics in the NFL include the team's win percentage with the individual as the starting quarterback and the number of conference and Super Bowl trophies won. Opinions vary, but many people consider Tom Brady to be the greatest NFL quarterback of all-time due to his individual accomplishments, his seven Super Bowl victories, and the dominance of the New England Patriots during his time as their quarterback.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is the greatest NFL quarterback of all-time? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Lawson, Inc. (株式会社ローソン, Kabushiki gaisha Rōson) is a convenience store franchise chain in Japan. The store originated in the United States in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, but exists today as a Japanese company based in Shinagawa, Tokyo. What is Lawson in Japan?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Lawson is a convenience store franchise chain in Japan",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Lawson, Inc. (株式会社ローソン, Kabushiki gaisha Rōson) is a convenience store franchise chain in Japan. The store originated in the United States in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, but exists today as a Japanese company based in Shinagawa, Tokyo. What is Lawson in Japan? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the capital of Kansas?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Topeka is the capital of Kansas",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the capital of Kansas? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Ahlatçık is a village in the Kastamonu District, Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Its population is 132 (2021). Where is the Ahlatcik village",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ahlatçık is a village in the Kastamonu District, Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Its population is 132 (2021)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Ahlatçık is a village in the Kastamonu District, Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Its population is 132 (2021). Where is the Ahlatcik village |
summarization | [
{
"content": "A PCM signal is a sequence of digital audio samples containing the data providing the necessary information to reconstruct the original analog signal. Each sample represents the amplitude of the signal at a specific point in time, and the samples are uniformly spaced in time. The amplitude is the only information explicitly stored in the sample, and it is typically stored as either an integer or a floating point number, encoded as a binary number with a fixed number of digits: the sample's bit depth, also referred to as word length or word size.\n\nThe resolution indicates the number of discrete values that can be represented over the range of analog values. The resolution of binary integers increases exponentially as the word length increases. Adding one bit doubles the resolution, adding two quadruples it and so on. The number of possible values that can be represented by an integer bit depth can be calculated by using 2^n, where n is the bit depth. Thus, a 16-bit system has a resolution of 65,536 (2^16) possible values. What does \"16-bit\" mean when referring to digital audio?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Converting sound into a digital format requires taking samples of the original sound wave at regular points in time. These samples numerically represent the relative strength, or amplitude, of the analog wave as it varies over time. For digital audio, these numbers are recorded in binary notation. When digital audio is advertised as 16-bit, we mean that the numerical samples of the artist's recording were recorded as 16 digit-long binary numbers.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| A PCM signal is a sequence of digital audio samples containing the data providing the necessary information to reconstruct the original analog signal. Each sample represents the amplitude of the signal at a specific point in time, and the samples are uniformly spaced in time. The amplitude is the only information explicitly stored in the sample, and it is typically stored as either an integer or a floating point number, encoded as a binary number with a fixed number of digits: the sample's bit depth, also referred to as word length or word size.
The resolution indicates the number of discrete values that can be represented over the range of analog values. The resolution of binary integers increases exponentially as the word length increases. Adding one bit doubles the resolution, adding two quadruples it and so on. The number of possible values that can be represented by an integer bit depth can be calculated by using 2^n, where n is the bit depth. Thus, a 16-bit system has a resolution of 65,536 (2^16) possible values. What does "16-bit" mean when referring to digital audio? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify list as breeds of either a 'dog' or a 'cat': Border Collie, Siamese, Maine Coon, German Shepard, Persian, and Corgi?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Border Collie is a breed of dog. Siamese is a breed of cat. Maine Coon is breed of cat. German Shepard is a breed of dog. Persian is a breed of cat. Corgi is breed of dog.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify list as breeds of either a 'dog' or a 'cat': Border Collie, Siamese, Maine Coon, German Shepard, Persian, and Corgi? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Who are the best rappers in history?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Eminiem, Tupoc, Notorious BIG, Redman, Jay-Z, Andre 3000",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who are the best rappers in history? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "what are the benefits of swimming?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Swimming is a gravity-free, full-body cardio workout; swimmers can determine the intensity of the workout on their own with different exercise strategies. Swimming can improve your cardio level, get better heart-blood circulation, and have stronger lungs. Like any other sport or exercises, swimming also reduces stress, boosts mood, and helps with sleep quality. If you swim fast pace sprints, it can build muscles. On the other hand, if you swim steady-paced, long laps, it improves endurance and reduces your resting heart rate with practice.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| what are the benefits of swimming? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Should I immigrate to Canada?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Canada is the third largest country in the world by landmass. It set a record in 2022 for most immigrants into the country, in large part to public health system, quality of living, and low crime rates. That said, Canada is experiencing very high real estate prices in major cities like Toronto and Vancouver due to lack of supply, making it very difficult for families to get ahead.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Should I immigrate to Canada? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Which member of *NSYNC was a replacement for another who quit before they got big?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Lance Bass.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which member of *NSYNC was a replacement for another who quit before they got big? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Where are the best places to buy hardware supplies?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are several places where you can buy hardware supplies. This could include Home Depot, Lowes, Amazon, ACE Hardware, Lowes or Target.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Where are the best places to buy hardware supplies? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Name the top 10 greatest rapper of all time",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "From Billboard's perspective in 2023, the top 10 greatest rappers of all time, as of today, are the following : \n- JAY-Z\n- Kendrick Lamar\n- Nas\n- Tupac Shakur\n- Eminem \n- The Notorious BIG\n- Lil Wayne\n- Drake\n- Snoop Dog\n- Nicki Minaj",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Name the top 10 greatest rapper of all time |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Describe a plan for a road trip across Northern Italy",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Begin your trip in Turin, an important centre of Piedmont with a rich cultural history and host of the 2006 Winter Olympics. Next, move to Alba and visit the vineyards, taking day trips to towns such as Barolo and Barbaresco. \n\nAfter this, you can continue moving east to Parma, a great place for the foodie searching for Prosciutto. Close by is Modena, home of the luxury automotive industry in Italy - Ferrari, Lamborghini, De Tomaso, Pagani and Maserati all have had (or still have) headquarters here.\n\nBologna is a fine place to finish your trip",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Describe a plan for a road trip across Northern Italy |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What can help with puppy teething?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Puppy teething will typically last until they are 4 or 5 months old. To help with the discomfort, you can give them puppy safe chew toys, a frozen carrot or banana, bully sticks, or cooling teethers. You can also try giving them a frozen kong toy, or wet and twist a rag, then freeze it.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What can help with puppy teething? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of deaths globally and is the cause of over 8 million deaths annually, 1.2 million of which are non-smokers who die due to second-hand smoke.In the United States, about 500,000 deaths per year are attributed to smoking-related diseases and a recent study estimated that as much as 1/3 of China's male population will have significantly shortened life-spans due to smoking. Male and female smokers lose an average of 13.2 and 14.5 years of life, respectively. At least half of all lifelong smokers die earlier as a result of smoking. With reference to given text, Please provide a list of dangers associated with Smoking",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Smoking is the cause of more than 8 million deaths per year out of which 1.2 million are non-smokers who simply dies because of inhaling second-hand smoke.\n2. In United states nearly 500,000 people dies annually because of smoking related diseases.\n3. A recent study indicates that close to 1/3rd of China's male population have their life-spans shortened significantly because of smoking.\n4. Among smokers males have average of 13.2 years less life span compared to non smoking males similarly females have 14.5 years less life span compared to non smoking females.\n5 At least 50% of smokers die earlier because of smoking.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of deaths globally and is the cause of over 8 million deaths annually, 1.2 million of which are non-smokers who die due to second-hand smoke.In the United States, about 500,000 deaths per year are attributed to smoking-related diseases and a recent study estimated that as much as 1/3 of China's male population will have significantly shortened life-spans due to smoking. Male and female smokers lose an average of 13.2 and 14.5 years of life, respectively. At least half of all lifelong smokers die earlier as a result of smoking. With reference to given text, Please provide a list of dangers associated with Smoking |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the difference between Hunter, Jumper, and Equitation horseback riding?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The biggest difference between Hunter, Jumper, and Equitation horseback riding is the way they are judged. Hunters are scored by the way the horse looks, Jumpers are scored on time and the number of faults over jumps, and Equitation is scored on the performance and style of the rider.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the difference between Hunter, Jumper, and Equitation horseback riding? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The name \"Pantheon\" is from the Ancient Greek \"Pantheion\" meaning \"of, relating to, or common to all the gods\". Cassius Dio, a Roman senator who wrote in Greek, speculated that the name comes either from the statues of many gods placed around this building, or from the resemblance of the dome to the heavens. His uncertainty strongly suggests that \"Pantheon\" (or Pantheum) was merely a nickname, not the formal name of the building. In fact, the concept of a pantheon dedicated to all the gods is questionable. The only definite pantheon recorded earlier than Agrippa's was at Antioch in Syria, though it is only mentioned by a sixth-century source. Ziegler tried to collect evidence of pantheons, but his list consists of simple dedications \"to all the gods\" or \"to the Twelve Gods\", which are not necessarily true pantheons in the sense of a temple housing a cult that literally worships all the gods. Given this paragraph about the Roman temple known as the Pantheon, tell me whether we definitively know why the temple was called the Pantheon.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "We do not know why the temple was called the Pantheon. Even Cassius Dio, a Roman senator who would have had more context by nature of living and ruling in Roman society, was only able to speculate where the name came from.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The name "Pantheon" is from the Ancient Greek "Pantheion" meaning "of, relating to, or common to all the gods". Cassius Dio, a Roman senator who wrote in Greek, speculated that the name comes either from the statues of many gods placed around this building, or from the resemblance of the dome to the heavens. His uncertainty strongly suggests that "Pantheon" (or Pantheum) was merely a nickname, not the formal name of the building. In fact, the concept of a pantheon dedicated to all the gods is questionable. The only definite pantheon recorded earlier than Agrippa's was at Antioch in Syria, though it is only mentioned by a sixth-century source. Ziegler tried to collect evidence of pantheons, but his list consists of simple dedications "to all the gods" or "to the Twelve Gods", which are not necessarily true pantheons in the sense of a temple housing a cult that literally worships all the gods. Given this paragraph about the Roman temple known as the Pantheon, tell me whether we definitively know why the temple was called the Pantheon. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Why Bengali language is famous",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Because it's the sweetest language in the world.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why Bengali language is famous |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "On 13 March 2023, the series was won by Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan with 43.75% of the final vote, becoming the first couple formed during the Casa Amor twist to win the series. Lana Jenkins and Ron Hall finished as runners-up. Given this paragraph about Love Island UK Season 9, Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan won the final vote by what percent?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "43.75%",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| On 13 March 2023, the series was won by Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan with 43.75% of the final vote, becoming the first couple formed during the Casa Amor twist to win the series. Lana Jenkins and Ron Hall finished as runners-up. Given this paragraph about Love Island UK Season 9, Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan won the final vote by what percent? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The regulation of gene expression by environmental factors and during different stages of development can occur at each step of the process such as transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene expression can be influenced by positive or negative regulation, depending on which of the two types of regulatory proteins called transcription factors bind to the DNA sequence close to or at a promoter. A cluster of genes that share the same promoter is called an operon, found mainly in prokaryotes and some lower eukaryotes (e.g., Caenorhabditis elegans). In positive regulation of gene expression, the activator is the transcription factor that stimulates transcription when it binds to the sequence near or at the promoter. Negative regulation occurs when another transcription factor called a repressor binds to a DNA sequence called an operator, which is part of an operon, to prevent transcription. Repressors can be inhibited by compounds called inducers (e.g., allolactose), thereby allowing transcription to occur. Specific genes that can be activated by inducers are called inducible genes, in contrast to constitutive genes that are almost constantly active. In contrast to both, structural genes encode proteins that are not involved in gene regulation. In addition to regulatory events involving the promoter, gene expression can also be regulated by epigenetic changes to chromatin, which is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells. Given the following paragraph on gene regulation, what are operons and where do they occur?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Operons are clusters of genes that share the same promoter. They occur mainly in prokaryotes and some lower eukaryotes such as Caenorhabditis elegans.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The regulation of gene expression by environmental factors and during different stages of development can occur at each step of the process such as transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene expression can be influenced by positive or negative regulation, depending on which of the two types of regulatory proteins called transcription factors bind to the DNA sequence close to or at a promoter. A cluster of genes that share the same promoter is called an operon, found mainly in prokaryotes and some lower eukaryotes (e.g., Caenorhabditis elegans). In positive regulation of gene expression, the activator is the transcription factor that stimulates transcription when it binds to the sequence near or at the promoter. Negative regulation occurs when another transcription factor called a repressor binds to a DNA sequence called an operator, which is part of an operon, to prevent transcription. Repressors can be inhibited by compounds called inducers (e.g., allolactose), thereby allowing transcription to occur. Specific genes that can be activated by inducers are called inducible genes, in contrast to constitutive genes that are almost constantly active. In contrast to both, structural genes encode proteins that are not involved in gene regulation. In addition to regulatory events involving the promoter, gene expression can also be regulated by epigenetic changes to chromatin, which is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells. Given the following paragraph on gene regulation, what are operons and where do they occur? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which is a species of fish? Walu or Whitehead",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Walu",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which is a species of fish? Walu or Whitehead |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are good foods for keto diet",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Keto is a high fat and low carbohydrates diet. This diet helps the body to get into a state called ketosis where the body uses fat as an energy source instead of carbohydrates.\nThe ideal food items should have high fat content and low or no carbs and sugar. Some meal suggestions are:\n- cauliflower cheese \n- broccoli cheese\n- Avocado chicken salad\n- cauliflower rice and chicken\n- Lamb curry \n- lamb roast with Brussels sprouts \n- beef roast \n- beef steak with halloumi fries\n- salads including cucumber, onion, broccoli \nKeto food should not have potatoes, rice, pasta, wheat, sugar etc.\nDiet and sugar free soda can be good alternatives to curb sugar cravings",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are good foods for keto diet |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI), established in 1908, is one of the oldest and most respected medical honor societies in the United States.\n\nOrganization and purpose\nThe ASCI is an honorary society to which more than 2,800 physician-scientists from all medical specialties belong. Prospective members are proposed by standing members of the society and elected to ASCI on the basis of an outstanding record of scholarly achievement in biomedical research. The ASCI includes physician-scientists who are active clinically, in basic research, or in teaching. Many of its senior members are widely recognized leaders in academic medicine. As of 2015 the membership of ASCI has included 417 members of the National Academy of Medicine, 191 members of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 40 Lasker Award winners, and 19 Nobel laureates.\n\nThe ASCI supports the research into basic mechanisms and/or treatment of human diseases, and to the education of future generations of physician-scientists. The ASCI considers the nominations of several hundred physician-scientists from the United States and abroad each year and elects up to 80 new members each year for their significant research accomplishments relatively early in their careers.\n\nThe ASCI is a member of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), which includes numerous biomedical research societies. The ASCI publishes the peer-reviewed biomedical research journals Journal of Clinical Investigation and JCI Insight.\n\nA collection of the society's papers is held at the National Library of Medicine. Given a reference text about the American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI), what research does the society support?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The ASCI supports research into basic mechanisms and treatment of human diseases and to the education of the future generations of physician-scientists.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI), established in 1908, is one of the oldest and most respected medical honor societies in the United States.
Organization and purpose
The ASCI is an honorary society to which more than 2,800 physician-scientists from all medical specialties belong. Prospective members are proposed by standing members of the society and elected to ASCI on the basis of an outstanding record of scholarly achievement in biomedical research. The ASCI includes physician-scientists who are active clinically, in basic research, or in teaching. Many of its senior members are widely recognized leaders in academic medicine. As of 2015 the membership of ASCI has included 417 members of the National Academy of Medicine, 191 members of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 40 Lasker Award winners, and 19 Nobel laureates.
The ASCI supports the research into basic mechanisms and/or treatment of human diseases, and to the education of future generations of physician-scientists. The ASCI considers the nominations of several hundred physician-scientists from the United States and abroad each year and elects up to 80 new members each year for their significant research accomplishments relatively early in their careers.
The ASCI is a member of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), which includes numerous biomedical research societies. The ASCI publishes the peer-reviewed biomedical research journals Journal of Clinical Investigation and JCI Insight.
A collection of the society's papers is held at the National Library of Medicine. Given a reference text about the American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI), what research does the society support? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Sandman, Clayface",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Clayface is DC, Sandman is Marvel",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Sandman, Clayface |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Athena (Ἀθηνᾶ, Athēnâ)\n\nGoddess of reason, wisdom, intelligence, skill, peace, warfare, battle strategy, and handicrafts. According to most traditions, she was born from Zeus's forehead, fully formed and armored, after Zeus swallowed her mother, Metis, whole. She is depicted as being crowned with a crested helm, armed with shield and spear, and wearing the aegis over a long dress. Poets describe her as \"grey-eyed\" or having especially bright, keen eyes. She is a special patron of heroes such as Odysseus. She is the patron of the city Athens (from which she takes her name) and is attributed to various inventions in arts and literature. Her symbol is the olive tree. She is commonly shown as being accompanied by her sacred animal, the owl. Her Roman counterpart is Minerva. From the passage identify the domains in which Athena is considered God. Display the results in a comma separated format.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "reason, wisdom, intelligence, skill, peace, warfare, battle strategy, handicrafts",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Athena (Ἀθηνᾶ, Athēnâ)
Goddess of reason, wisdom, intelligence, skill, peace, warfare, battle strategy, and handicrafts. According to most traditions, she was born from Zeus's forehead, fully formed and armored, after Zeus swallowed her mother, Metis, whole. She is depicted as being crowned with a crested helm, armed with shield and spear, and wearing the aegis over a long dress. Poets describe her as "grey-eyed" or having especially bright, keen eyes. She is a special patron of heroes such as Odysseus. She is the patron of the city Athens (from which she takes her name) and is attributed to various inventions in arts and literature. Her symbol is the olive tree. She is commonly shown as being accompanied by her sacred animal, the owl. Her Roman counterpart is Minerva. From the passage identify the domains in which Athena is considered God. Display the results in a comma separated format. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Which institute is known as International money laundering watch dog?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Financial Action Task Force (FATF)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which institute is known as International money laundering watch dog? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me 3 ideas for an instant serotonin boost.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "If you want an instant boost of serotonin, try the following things: \n1. Work in a few minutes of exercise, even a short walk can help boost your mood. \n2. Take yourself out for your favorite treat, whether it's a meal at your favorite restaurant, going to your favorite coffee shop, or picking up your favorite ice cream.\n3. Think of a happy memory and remember the events of that day.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me 3 ideas for an instant serotonin boost. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "A chair is a type of seat, typically designed for one person and consisting of one or more legs, a flat or slightly angled seat and a back-rest. They may be made of wood, metal, or synthetic materials, and may be padded or upholstered in various colors and fabrics. Chairs vary in design. An armchair has armrests fixed to the seat; a recliner is upholstered and features a mechanism that lowers the chair's back and raises into place a footrest; a rocking chair has legs fixed to two long curved slats; and a wheelchair has wheels fixed to an axis under the seat. What type of chair would I want to design to give an option to lean all the way back?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "As the name suggests, a recliner features a mechanism that lowers the chair’s back and raises a footrest into place",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| A chair is a type of seat, typically designed for one person and consisting of one or more legs, a flat or slightly angled seat and a back-rest. They may be made of wood, metal, or synthetic materials, and may be padded or upholstered in various colors and fabrics. Chairs vary in design. An armchair has armrests fixed to the seat; a recliner is upholstered and features a mechanism that lowers the chair's back and raises into place a footrest; a rocking chair has legs fixed to two long curved slats; and a wheelchair has wheels fixed to an axis under the seat. What type of chair would I want to design to give an option to lean all the way back? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "In mathematics, a Markov decision process (MDP) is a discrete-time stochastic control process. It provides a mathematical framework for modeling decision making in situations where outcomes are partly random and partly under the control of a decision maker. MDPs are useful for studying optimization problems solved via dynamic programming. MDPs were known at least as early as the 1950s; a core body of research on Markov decision processes resulted from Ronald Howard's 1960 book, Dynamic Programming and Markov Processes. They are used in many disciplines, including robotics, automatic control, economics and manufacturing. The name of MDPs comes from the Russian mathematician Andrey Markov as they are an extension of Markov chains. According to the below, what is the Markov decision process?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A Markov decision process (MDP) is a mathematical framework for modeling decision making in cases where outcomes are not entirely under the control of decision makers. MDPs are used in a variety of disciplines, such as robotics and economics.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In mathematics, a Markov decision process (MDP) is a discrete-time stochastic control process. It provides a mathematical framework for modeling decision making in situations where outcomes are partly random and partly under the control of a decision maker. MDPs are useful for studying optimization problems solved via dynamic programming. MDPs were known at least as early as the 1950s; a core body of research on Markov decision processes resulted from Ronald Howard's 1960 book, Dynamic Programming and Markov Processes. They are used in many disciplines, including robotics, automatic control, economics and manufacturing. The name of MDPs comes from the Russian mathematician Andrey Markov as they are an extension of Markov chains. According to the below, what is the Markov decision process? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are the best investments ideas?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "How you invest depends on some important factors:\n\n- Objective: What do you want to do with the money?\n- Timeline: What is the period that you want to invest and/or need to withdraw from the investment?\n- Risk tolerance: How do you feel comfortable with market variations?\n\nDepending on these factors you can select the types of investments that best fit your goals such as:\n\n- Treasury/Certificate of Deposits/Bonds\n- Fixed Income\n- REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust)\n- Mutual Funds\n- Stock Market\n\nYou can choose between one type of investment or adopt strategies to diversify your portfolio.\n\nAlso, there are more advanced types of investment strategies such as Options and Derivatives, for more investment ideas and how to adopt a strategy you can consult your financial advisor.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the best investments ideas? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the names of the four tennis grand slam tournaments?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The four tennis grand slam tournaments are the Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the names of the four tennis grand slam tournaments? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Solar power plants derive their energy from sunlight, which is made accessible via photovoltaics (PV's). Photovoltaic panels, or solar panels, are constructed using photovoltaic cells which are made of silica materials that release electrons when they are warmed by the thermal energy of the sun. The new flow of electrons generates electricity within the cell. While PV's are an efficient method of producing electricity, they do burn out after a decade and thus, must be replaced; however, their efficiency, cost of operation, and lack of noise/physical pollutants make them one of the cleanest and least expensive forms of energy. Solar power plants require the work of many facets of engineering; electrical engineers are especially crucial in constructing the solar panels and connecting them into a grid, and computer engineers code the cells themselves so that electricity can be effectively and efficiently produced, and civil engineers play the very important role of identifying areas where solar plants are able to collect the most energy. Using the text provided, give me the type of engineers that are involved in fabrication of a solar power plant",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Although solar power plants require the work of many aspects of engineering, the three main types of engineers involved in fabrication of solar power plants are:\n1. Electrical engineers who build solar panels and link them to the electrical grid\n2. Computer engineers who program the cells themselves so that power can be produced effectively and efficiently\n3. Civil engineer who play a critical role in determining sites where the solar plants can capture the most energy.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Solar power plants derive their energy from sunlight, which is made accessible via photovoltaics (PV's). Photovoltaic panels, or solar panels, are constructed using photovoltaic cells which are made of silica materials that release electrons when they are warmed by the thermal energy of the sun. The new flow of electrons generates electricity within the cell. While PV's are an efficient method of producing electricity, they do burn out after a decade and thus, must be replaced; however, their efficiency, cost of operation, and lack of noise/physical pollutants make them one of the cleanest and least expensive forms of energy. Solar power plants require the work of many facets of engineering; electrical engineers are especially crucial in constructing the solar panels and connecting them into a grid, and computer engineers code the cells themselves so that electricity can be effectively and efficiently produced, and civil engineers play the very important role of identifying areas where solar plants are able to collect the most energy. Using the text provided, give me the type of engineers that are involved in fabrication of a solar power plant |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of date night ideas that I've never done.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "For your next date night, you could:\n- Take a pottery class.\n- Find a paint and sip.\n- Go axe throwing. \n- Do a walking tour of the best taco joints in your city. \n- Go to your local grocery store, pick snacks out for each other, and put on a movie you've never seen.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of date night ideas that I've never done. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is the best character on Ted Lasso?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Rebecca Welton is the best! She is the perfect combination of wit, sarcasm, beauty and power.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is the best character on Ted Lasso? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why do humans like stories?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Stories allow conveying important thoughts and sharing experiences from one person to another in an easily understandable and relatable way, ultimately leading to knowledge transfer between humans. They also spark imagination and give readers or listeners the opportunity to come up with their own depiction of the plot and of the characters.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why do humans like stories? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is carnitine?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Carnitine is a quaternary ammonium compound involved in metabolism in most mammals, plants, and some bacteria. In support of energy metabolism, carnitine transports long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria to be oxidized for free energy production, and also participates in removing products of metabolism from cells. Given its key metabolic roles, carnitine is concentrated in tissues like skeletal and cardiac muscle that metabolize fatty acids as an energy source. Generally individuals, including strict vegetarians, synthesize enough L-carnitine in vivo.\n\nCarnitine exists as one of two stereoisomers (the two enantiomers d-carnitine (S-(+)-) and l-carnitine (R-(−)-)). Both are biologically active, but only l-carnitine naturally occurs in animals, and d-carnitine is toxic as it inhibits the activity of the l-form. At room temperature, pure carnitine is a whiteish powder, and a water-soluble zwitterion with relatively low toxicity. Derived from amino acids, carnitine was first extracted from meat extracts in 1905, leading to its name from Latin, \"caro/carnis\" or flesh.\n\nSome individuals with genetic or medical disorders (such as preterm infants) cannot make enough carnitine, requiring dietary supplementation. Despite common carnitine supplement consumption among athletes for improved exercise performance or recovery, there is insufficient high-quality clinical evidence to indicate it provides any benefit.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is carnitine? |
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