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creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Tell a child a story about a dinosaur who plays baseball but has to take a break due to an injury",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There once was a dinosaur named Danny. Danny loved baseball and was the star hitter on his school baseball team, the Diamondbacks. Every time he hit a homer, he imagined he was sending a comet into space. One day Danny stepped up to the plate and the pitcher slipped while pitching the ball... the ball was coming straight at Danny! He tried to move out of the way but when he did, HE tripped and his foot bent sideways. Oh no, it hurt so much! Danny's coach took him to the doctor and the doctor said he would need surgery to fix his foot and that he should try a different hobby than baseball, so his foot would have time to heal. Danny started thinking about how he could keep that feeling of hitting homers while he wasn't able to play baseball. He started thinking about those comets he was hitting into space, and he decided to start reading about astronomy. Astronomy, it turns out, is really interesting! Danny learned about planets and suns and moons. He loved that he could imagine the solar system as one big baseball game. His aunt bought him a telescope so he could see his homers in outer space. Danny thought it was so fun to learn about astronomy, and he decided he would become an astronomer baseball star when he grew up. The end.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell a child a story about a dinosaur who plays baseball but has to take a break due to an injury |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of the last five european golden boots winner.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Robert Lewandowski, 2022-2021\n2. Robert Lewandowski, 2021-2020\n3. Ciro Immobile, 2020-2019\n4. Lionel Messi, 2019-2018\n5. Lionel Messi, 2018-2017",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of the last five european golden boots winner. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Which US state produces the most pineapples?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hawaii",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which US state produces the most pineapples? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is caramelization?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Caramelization is a chemical process that happens to carbohydrates and sugars when they are heated to certain temperatures. At these temperatures new compounds are formed and browning happens. For example during caramelization, complex sugars degrade to simple sugars. Caramelization is an important process in cooking and shows ups in many common recipes",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is caramelization? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me which is a language and which is a type of people: Malayali & Malayalam",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Malayali is a people. Malayalam is the language Malayali people speak.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me which is a language and which is a type of people: Malayali & Malayalam |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Max Verstappen is the youngest winner of a Grand Prix; he was 18 years and 228 days old when he won the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix Who is the youngest driver to win a Formula 1 race?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Max Verstappen is the youngest driver to win a F1 race with 18 years and 228 days old at the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix, during his first race at Red Bull Racing Team",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Max Verstappen is the youngest winner of a Grand Prix; he was 18 years and 228 days old when he won the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix Who is the youngest driver to win a Formula 1 race? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "There is no single yield curve describing the cost of money for everybody. The most important factor in determining a yield curve is the currency in which the securities are denominated. The economic position of the countries and companies using each currency is a primary factor in determining the yield curve. Different institutions borrow money at different rates, depending on their creditworthiness.\n\nThe yield curves corresponding to the bonds issued by governments in their own currency are called the government bond yield curve (government curve). Banks with high credit ratings (Aa/AA or above) borrow money from each other at the LIBOR rates. These yield curves are typically a little higher than government curves. They are the most important and widely used in the financial markets, and are known variously as the LIBOR curve or the swap curve. The construction of the swap curve is described below.\n\nBesides the government curve and the LIBOR curve, there are corporate (company) curves. These are constructed from the yields of bonds issued by corporations. Since corporations have less creditworthiness than most governments and most large banks, these yields are typically higher. Corporate yield curves are often quoted in terms of a \"credit spread\" over the relevant swap curve. For instance the five-year yield curve point for Vodafone might be quoted as LIBOR +0.25%, where 0.25% (often written as 25 basis points or 25bps) is the credit spread. Extract the types of yield curves from the paragraph, summarize their definitions, and place them in a bullet list.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Government curve. This corresponds to the bonds issued by governments in their own currency.\n2. LIBOR curve (or swap curve). This corresponds to the rates at which large banks borrow money from each other (also called LIBOR rate).\n3. Corporate curve (or company curve). This is constructed from the yields of bonds issued by corporations.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| There is no single yield curve describing the cost of money for everybody. The most important factor in determining a yield curve is the currency in which the securities are denominated. The economic position of the countries and companies using each currency is a primary factor in determining the yield curve. Different institutions borrow money at different rates, depending on their creditworthiness.
The yield curves corresponding to the bonds issued by governments in their own currency are called the government bond yield curve (government curve). Banks with high credit ratings (Aa/AA or above) borrow money from each other at the LIBOR rates. These yield curves are typically a little higher than government curves. They are the most important and widely used in the financial markets, and are known variously as the LIBOR curve or the swap curve. The construction of the swap curve is described below.
Besides the government curve and the LIBOR curve, there are corporate (company) curves. These are constructed from the yields of bonds issued by corporations. Since corporations have less creditworthiness than most governments and most large banks, these yields are typically higher. Corporate yield curves are often quoted in terms of a "credit spread" over the relevant swap curve. For instance the five-year yield curve point for Vodafone might be quoted as LIBOR +0.25%, where 0.25% (often written as 25 basis points or 25bps) is the credit spread. Extract the types of yield curves from the paragraph, summarize their definitions, and place them in a bullet list. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Hermenegildo Sosa (born April 12, 1946) is a Mexican painter and art professor who is best known for colorful depictions of Mexican rural landscapes, especially those of his home state of Tlaxcala. He was born there into a farming family, whose economic condition delayed his education as he had to work from a young age. In his teens he arrived to Mexico City to work as a domestic, but this allowed him to attend school, including painting classes. Eventually, he entered the Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado \"La Esmeralda\", where he eventually gained a career as a professor. Who is Hermenegildo Sosa and what is he known for?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hermenegildo Sosa is a Mexican painter and art professor born in 1946. He is best known for his colorful depictions of Mexican rural landscapes, especially those of him home state in Tlaxcala.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Hermenegildo Sosa (born April 12, 1946) is a Mexican painter and art professor who is best known for colorful depictions of Mexican rural landscapes, especially those of his home state of Tlaxcala. He was born there into a farming family, whose economic condition delayed his education as he had to work from a young age. In his teens he arrived to Mexico City to work as a domestic, but this allowed him to attend school, including painting classes. Eventually, he entered the Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado "La Esmeralda", where he eventually gained a career as a professor. Who is Hermenegildo Sosa and what is he known for? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "A garden centre (Commonwealth English spelling; U.S. nursery or garden center) is a retail operation that sells plants and related products for the domestic garden as its primary business.\n\nIt is a development from the concept of the retail plant nursery but with a wider range of outdoor products and on-site facilities. It is now usual for garden centres to obtain their stock from plants which have been propagated elsewhere, such as by specialist nurseries or wholesalers. What is a garden center?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A garden center sells plants and products for domestic gardens. Plants are usually obtained from other specialist nurseries or wholesalers. It is the addition of outdoor products that make it different from the plant nurseries of the past.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| A garden centre (Commonwealth English spelling; U.S. nursery or garden center) is a retail operation that sells plants and related products for the domestic garden as its primary business.
It is a development from the concept of the retail plant nursery but with a wider range of outdoor products and on-site facilities. It is now usual for garden centres to obtain their stock from plants which have been propagated elsewhere, such as by specialist nurseries or wholesalers. What is a garden center? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me some examples of metamorphic rocks.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Marble and slate are metamorphic rock types.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me some examples of metamorphic rocks. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the Great American Novel?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Great American Novel refers to a literary work that fully embodies the spirit and essence of American life. There is no critical consensus on what books can be considered a Great American Novel, but some common examples include The Adventures of Huckleberry Twin by Mark Twain, Moby Dick by Herman Melville, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the Great American Novel? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The 1991 Youngstown State Penguins football team represented Youngstown State University in the 1991 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Penguins were led by sixth-year head coach Jim Tressel and played their home games at Stambaugh Stadium. They finished the season 12–3. They received an at-large bid to the I-AA playoffs, where they defeated Villanova, Nevada, and Samford to advance to the National Championship Game, where they defeated Marshall. This was their first national championship in school history. How many national championships had Youngstown State Penguins football team won prior to 1991?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "None. 1991 was their first national championship in school history so there weren't any prior national championships for Youngstown State Penguins football team.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The 1991 Youngstown State Penguins football team represented Youngstown State University in the 1991 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Penguins were led by sixth-year head coach Jim Tressel and played their home games at Stambaugh Stadium. They finished the season 12–3. They received an at-large bid to the I-AA playoffs, where they defeated Villanova, Nevada, and Samford to advance to the National Championship Game, where they defeated Marshall. This was their first national championship in school history. How many national championships had Youngstown State Penguins football team won prior to 1991? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, also known as the Seven Wonders of the World or simply the Seven Wonders, is a list of seven notable structures present during classical antiquity. The first known list of seven wonders dates back to the 2nd–1st century BC.\n\nWhile the entries have varied over the centuries, the seven traditional wonders are the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Using modern-day countries, two of the wonders were located in Greece, two in Turkey, two in Egypt, and one in Iraq. Of the seven wonders, only the Pyramid of Giza, which is also by far the oldest of the wonders, still remains standing, with the others being destroyed over the centuries. There is scholarly debate over the exact nature of the Hanging Gardens, and there is doubt as to whether they existed at all. What are the seven wonders of the world?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The seven wonders of the world consist of; the Great Pyramid of Giza, The Colossus of Rhodes, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, also known as the Seven Wonders of the World or simply the Seven Wonders, is a list of seven notable structures present during classical antiquity. The first known list of seven wonders dates back to the 2nd–1st century BC.
While the entries have varied over the centuries, the seven traditional wonders are the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Using modern-day countries, two of the wonders were located in Greece, two in Turkey, two in Egypt, and one in Iraq. Of the seven wonders, only the Pyramid of Giza, which is also by far the oldest of the wonders, still remains standing, with the others being destroyed over the centuries. There is scholarly debate over the exact nature of the Hanging Gardens, and there is doubt as to whether they existed at all. What are the seven wonders of the world? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Niksar, historically known as Neocaesarea (Νεοκαισάρεια), is a city in Tokat Province, Turkey. It was settled by many empires, being once the capital city of the province. Niksar is known as \"Çukurova of North-Anatolia\" due to its production of many kinds of fruits and vegetables. On May 2, 2018, Niksar was included in the World Heritage tentative list Does Niksar have a castle?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes, Niksar has a historic castle overlooking the old city. It is used during Roman, Byzantium and Ottoman times.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Niksar, historically known as Neocaesarea (Νεοκαισάρεια), is a city in Tokat Province, Turkey. It was settled by many empires, being once the capital city of the province. Niksar is known as "Çukurova of North-Anatolia" due to its production of many kinds of fruits and vegetables. On May 2, 2018, Niksar was included in the World Heritage tentative list Does Niksar have a castle? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "In 1988, due to the relationship he had built up with Honda throughout the 1987 season with Lotus, and with the approval of McLaren's number-one driver and then-double world champion, Alain Prost, Senna joined the McLaren team. The foundation for a fierce competition between Senna and Prost was laid, culminating in a number of dramatic race incidents between the two over the next five years. However, the experienced pair also quickly realized, despite their personal rivalry, they had to work together, especially in testing, to keep ahead of their main opposition from Ferrari, Williams, Benetton and Lotus. Given this text, who was Mclaren's number-one driver in 1988",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In 1988, according to this text Alain Prost was McLaren's number one driver",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In 1988, due to the relationship he had built up with Honda throughout the 1987 season with Lotus, and with the approval of McLaren's number-one driver and then-double world champion, Alain Prost, Senna joined the McLaren team. The foundation for a fierce competition between Senna and Prost was laid, culminating in a number of dramatic race incidents between the two over the next five years. However, the experienced pair also quickly realized, despite their personal rivalry, they had to work together, especially in testing, to keep ahead of their main opposition from Ferrari, Williams, Benetton and Lotus. Given this text, who was Mclaren's number-one driver in 1988 |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which is a species of fish? Sardine or Sardinia",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sardine",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which is a species of fish? Sardine or Sardinia |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Who are the five best basketball players in the history of the Boston Celtics?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Bill Russell\n2. Larry Bird\n3. Bob Cousy\n4. Tommy Heinsohn\n5. Paul Pierce",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who are the five best basketball players in the history of the Boston Celtics? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is electricity?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Electricity is the flowing of electrons from a higher electric potential to a lower one (or alternatively, flowing of electron holes in the opposite direction). The flowing electrons can perform work, ranging from heating a resistive element in a light bulb to turning a motor through a magnetic field.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is electricity? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Anne Rochelle Steely Ramirez (born October 23, 1962), née Anne Rochelle Steely, is a former long-distance runner who competed internationally for the United States. She specialized in the 3,000 meters on the track and later competed in road running events.\n\nShe made her international debut in cross country and helped the United States the women's team title at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships in 1985. Her focus changed to the 3,000 meters, a distance in which she was a two-time US champion (outdoors in 1991 and indoors in 1992). She reached the final of that event at the 1991 World Championships in Athletics and the 1992 Barcelona Olympics.\n\nSteely's performances deteriorated and she was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. However, she made an athletic comeback in 1998 and she won two national road titles, as well as appearing at the Goodwill Games and IAAF World Half Marathon Championships that year. She made one more appearance at the World Half Marathon event in 2000, but retired to focus on education studies. List the years in which Anne Rochelle Steely Ramirez participated in Sprint events based on the passage. Use bulleted format to represent the years and sort in ascending order.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1985\n1991\n1992\n1998\n2000",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Anne Rochelle Steely Ramirez (born October 23, 1962), née Anne Rochelle Steely, is a former long-distance runner who competed internationally for the United States. She specialized in the 3,000 meters on the track and later competed in road running events.
She made her international debut in cross country and helped the United States the women's team title at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships in 1985. Her focus changed to the 3,000 meters, a distance in which she was a two-time US champion (outdoors in 1991 and indoors in 1992). She reached the final of that event at the 1991 World Championships in Athletics and the 1992 Barcelona Olympics.
Steely's performances deteriorated and she was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. However, she made an athletic comeback in 1998 and she won two national road titles, as well as appearing at the Goodwill Games and IAAF World Half Marathon Championships that year. She made one more appearance at the World Half Marathon event in 2000, but retired to focus on education studies. List the years in which Anne Rochelle Steely Ramirez participated in Sprint events based on the passage. Use bulleted format to represent the years and sort in ascending order. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are four different recipes that you can make with Brussels Sprouts?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. You can make roasted Brussels Sprouts by cooking them in the oven at 400 degrees Fahrenheit for about 20 minutes. \n2. You can make a shaved Brussels sprouts salad using raw Brussels sprouts, sunflower seeds, dried cranberries, parmesan cheese, and a lemon mustard vinaigrette.\n3. You can saute Brussels sprouts with bacon and onions.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are four different recipes that you can make with Brussels Sprouts? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me some tips on how to train for a marathon.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- Come up with a training plan\n- Plan for 3-5 months of training\n- Increase your daily mileage gradually\n- Increase your weekly mileage gradually\n- Have a mix of speedwork and endurance work\n- Include sessions to build strength\n- Stretch before and after your runs\n- Include rest days for recovery\n- Pay attention to nutrition and hydration\n- Pay attention to hydration\n- Taper 2 weeks before the marathon\n- Go for it, good luck on race day!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me some tips on how to train for a marathon. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the words of House Mormont?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "\"Here We Stand\"",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the words of House Mormont? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "what is fish oil?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Fish oil is produced from the tissues of fish. Fish that contain omega-3 fatty acids are the ones that are used to produce fish oil supplements. These fatty acids have been show to reduce inflammation in the body and may reduce your risk for heart disease, high blood pressure, and rheumatoid arthritis. Fish oil can be consumed daily as a morning or nightly supplement for support or enhance your immune health.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| what is fish oil? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "A volleyball court is 9 m × 18 m (29.5 ft × 59.1 ft), divided into equal square halves by a net with a width of one meter (39.4 in). The top of the net is 2.43 m (7 ft 11+11⁄16 in) above the centre of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 m (7 ft 4+3⁄16 in) for women's competition, varied for veterans and junior competitions. Given this paragraph about the dimensions of a volleyball court, is there a difference between the hight of the net for men's competitions vs women's competitions?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The net is 19 cm higher for men's competitions (243 cm) than for women's competitions (224 cm).",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| A volleyball court is 9 m × 18 m (29.5 ft × 59.1 ft), divided into equal square halves by a net with a width of one meter (39.4 in). The top of the net is 2.43 m (7 ft 11+11⁄16 in) above the centre of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 m (7 ft 4+3⁄16 in) for women's competition, varied for veterans and junior competitions. Given this paragraph about the dimensions of a volleyball court, is there a difference between the hight of the net for men's competitions vs women's competitions? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Chenda, Suroz",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Suroz is string, Chenda is percussion.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Chenda, Suroz |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Upon conviction, Stagg was given a ten-year sentence and Fell twelve years. (Stagg would later die on a hunger strike.) Thomas Gerald Rush was given seven years and Anthony Roland Lynch, who was also found guilty of possessing articles with intent to destroy property, namely nitric acid, balloons, wax, and sodium chlorate, was given ten years. Fell never admitted IRA membership How did Frank Stagg die?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Frank Stagg was sentenced to ten years and prison. During his sentence, he went on a hunger strike and died as a result.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Upon conviction, Stagg was given a ten-year sentence and Fell twelve years. (Stagg would later die on a hunger strike.) Thomas Gerald Rush was given seven years and Anthony Roland Lynch, who was also found guilty of possessing articles with intent to destroy property, namely nitric acid, balloons, wax, and sodium chlorate, was given ten years. Fell never admitted IRA membership How did Frank Stagg die? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Charles Henry Bromedge Caldwell was born in Hingham, Massachusetts on February 24, 1823. He entered the navy as midshipman February 27, 1838, and became lieutenant September 4, 1852. He commanded the USS Vandalia in the US Navy's second Fiji expedition, an 1859 punitive expedition against Waya Island warriors who had cannibalized two American traders. In 1862, he commanded the gun-boat Itasca, of the western gulf blockading squadron, and took part in the bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip. On the night of April 20, his gun-boat, with the Pinola, was sent on an expedition under the command of Fleet-Capt. Bell, to make a passage for the fleet through the chain obstructions near the forts. Lieut. Caldwell and his party boarded one of the hulks that held the chains, and succeeded in detaching the latter, in spite of the heavy fire to which they were subjected. The Itasca was then swept on shore by the current, in full sight of the forts, and it was half an hour before she was afloat again. She was unable to pass the forts with the rest of the fleet, owing to a shot that penetrated her boiler. Lieut. Caldwell was in the action at Grand Gulf, June 9, 1862, and was promoted to commander on July 16 1862.\n\nHe commanded the iron-clad Essex, of the Mississippi squadron in 1862–63, and took part in the operations at Port Hudson, from March to July 1863, in command of the Essex and the mortar flotilla.\n\nHe commanded the Glaucus of the North Atlantic blockading squadron from 1863 till 1864, and the R. R. Cuyler, of the same squadron, from 1864 till 1865. He became captain, December 12, 1867, chief of staff of the North Atlantic fleet in 1870, and commodore on June 14, 1874.\n\nHe died on November 30, 1877. Given this reference text about the career of Charles Henry Bromedge Caldwell, name the ships he commanded after his promotion to the rank of Commander.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Essex\nGlaucus\nR. R. Cuyler",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Charles Henry Bromedge Caldwell was born in Hingham, Massachusetts on February 24, 1823. He entered the navy as midshipman February 27, 1838, and became lieutenant September 4, 1852. He commanded the USS Vandalia in the US Navy's second Fiji expedition, an 1859 punitive expedition against Waya Island warriors who had cannibalized two American traders. In 1862, he commanded the gun-boat Itasca, of the western gulf blockading squadron, and took part in the bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip. On the night of April 20, his gun-boat, with the Pinola, was sent on an expedition under the command of Fleet-Capt. Bell, to make a passage for the fleet through the chain obstructions near the forts. Lieut. Caldwell and his party boarded one of the hulks that held the chains, and succeeded in detaching the latter, in spite of the heavy fire to which they were subjected. The Itasca was then swept on shore by the current, in full sight of the forts, and it was half an hour before she was afloat again. She was unable to pass the forts with the rest of the fleet, owing to a shot that penetrated her boiler. Lieut. Caldwell was in the action at Grand Gulf, June 9, 1862, and was promoted to commander on July 16 1862.
He commanded the iron-clad Essex, of the Mississippi squadron in 1862–63, and took part in the operations at Port Hudson, from March to July 1863, in command of the Essex and the mortar flotilla.
He commanded the Glaucus of the North Atlantic blockading squadron from 1863 till 1864, and the R. R. Cuyler, of the same squadron, from 1864 till 1865. He became captain, December 12, 1867, chief of staff of the North Atlantic fleet in 1870, and commodore on June 14, 1874.
He died on November 30, 1877. Given this reference text about the career of Charles Henry Bromedge Caldwell, name the ships he commanded after his promotion to the rank of Commander. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What should you do when your rock climbing partner calls out \"On Belay?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Check that their harness is properly buckled at the waist and doubled back.\n2. Ensure the leg straps are properly bucked and doubled back. Check that the leg loops are not twisted.\n3. Ensure a figure eight knot is tied at the end of the climbing rope, extending through both loops in the harness and has a fisherman's knot as a backup.\n4. Check that your own harness is properly buckled around the waist, legs and that leg straps are not twisted.\n5. Ensure the climbing rope is in your belay device, that a locking carabiner goes through both the belay device (and rope if an ATC device) and your belay loop on your harness. Ensure the carabiner is locked.\n6. Ensure that you and your partner are on the same rope. Your partner should be on the side of the rope closest to the climbing wall.\n7. After all safety checks are completed, then call out \"On Belay!\"",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What should you do when your rock climbing partner calls out "On Belay?" |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Caroline Vreeland was born Caroline Olivia Zickerick in Washington, D.C. to Daisy Vreeland and Michael Zickerick. Her father, a German diplomat, served as the German Ambassador to Moldova and as the Director General of the German Institute Taipei in Taiwan. Her maternal great-grandmother was fashion editor Diana Vreeland. She is a grandniece of American diplomat Frederick Vreeland and a first cousin once removed of the Buddhist abbot Nicholas Vreeland. Vreeland spent four months of her childhood living at the German Embassy in Kingston, Jamaica while her father was stationed there. Her father later had an affair and her parents divorced. Vreeland's mother moved them to a Siddha Yoga ashram in Upstate New York. They left New York and moved in with her grandparents in Belvedere, Marin County in the San Francisco Bay Area. After graduating from high school she moved to Los Angeles to pursue a music career. Who was Caroline Olivia Zickerick's grandmother?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Caroline Olivia Zickerick grandmother's was fashion editor Diana Vreeland",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Caroline Vreeland was born Caroline Olivia Zickerick in Washington, D.C. to Daisy Vreeland and Michael Zickerick. Her father, a German diplomat, served as the German Ambassador to Moldova and as the Director General of the German Institute Taipei in Taiwan. Her maternal great-grandmother was fashion editor Diana Vreeland. She is a grandniece of American diplomat Frederick Vreeland and a first cousin once removed of the Buddhist abbot Nicholas Vreeland. Vreeland spent four months of her childhood living at the German Embassy in Kingston, Jamaica while her father was stationed there. Her father later had an affair and her parents divorced. Vreeland's mother moved them to a Siddha Yoga ashram in Upstate New York. They left New York and moved in with her grandparents in Belvedere, Marin County in the San Francisco Bay Area. After graduating from high school she moved to Los Angeles to pursue a music career. Who was Caroline Olivia Zickerick's grandmother? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is the greatest guitarist of all time?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Music tastes differ greatly so it's difficult to come up with a definitive answer on who the best guitarist is. Some one once asked Jimmy Hendrix, arguably one of the greatest guitarist of all time, who the greatest guitarist is and he answered \"I don't know ask Phil Keaggy\". Regardless Jimmy Hendrix is considered the greatest guitarist of all time.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is the greatest guitarist of all time? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Clitocybe subcordispora is a rare species of agaric fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. Found in northern Europe, it was described as new to science in 1969 by Finnish mycologist Harri Harmaja. It is similar to species in the Clitocybe metachroa complex, but can be distinguished from them by its smaller spores, which measure 4.5–6.0 by 3.0–4.0 µm. Extract the family name of the fungus Clitocybe subcordispora.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tricholomataceae",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Clitocybe subcordispora is a rare species of agaric fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. Found in northern Europe, it was described as new to science in 1969 by Finnish mycologist Harri Harmaja. It is similar to species in the Clitocybe metachroa complex, but can be distinguished from them by its smaller spores, which measure 4.5–6.0 by 3.0–4.0 µm. Extract the family name of the fungus Clitocybe subcordispora. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "In the early twentieth century scientists gained a greater understanding of microbiology and explored ways of manufacturing specific products. In 1917, Chaim Weizmann first used a pure microbiological culture in an industrial process, that of manufacturing corn starch using Clostridium acetobutylicum, to produce acetone, which the United Kingdom desperately needed to manufacture explosives during World War I. What's one way biotechnology was used in world war one?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In 1917, Chaim Weizmann first used a pure microbiological culture in an industrial process, that of manufacturing corn starch using Clostridium acetobutylicum, to produce acetone, which the United Kingdom desperately needed to manufacture explosives during World War I.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In the early twentieth century scientists gained a greater understanding of microbiology and explored ways of manufacturing specific products. In 1917, Chaim Weizmann first used a pure microbiological culture in an industrial process, that of manufacturing corn starch using Clostridium acetobutylicum, to produce acetone, which the United Kingdom desperately needed to manufacture explosives during World War I. What's one way biotechnology was used in world war one? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Black Bear Road is open a few months of the year, from late summer (usually the last week of July) to early fall. The road is traveled only downhill from Red Mountain Pass — except for the annual Jeeper's Jamboree in which travel is reversed for one day only. The start of the trail was formerly marked along U.S. 550 with a sign that read: Can someone drive on Black Bear Road all year?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No, it is only open for a few months of the year.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Black Bear Road is open a few months of the year, from late summer (usually the last week of July) to early fall. The road is traveled only downhill from Red Mountain Pass — except for the annual Jeeper's Jamboree in which travel is reversed for one day only. The start of the trail was formerly marked along U.S. 550 with a sign that read: Can someone drive on Black Bear Road all year? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How can I save money when travelling?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "One good way of saving money while travelling is to plan ahead. Expenses like airplane tickets and accommodations often cost less when booked way in advance. Furthermore, doing research on online forums will help you find the most cost effective way to get around during your travels. On the other hand, for those with a flexible schedule, last minute deals can usually be found at a discount when there are cancellations and vacancies. Finally, the travel destination often plays a large role in determining the travel cost. Places that are less famous or crowded usually cost significantly less to visit, but can still make for a great experience.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How can I save money when travelling? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which one of these does not belong - Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Pluto, Mercury",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pluto is the odd one out in this list of celestial bodies as it is no longer considered a planet. Pluto was classified as a dwarf planet in 2006. \n\nTo be considered a planet, a celestial body needs to meet 3 conditions : \n1. It has to be in orbit around the Sun, \n2. It needs to have sufficient mass for its self-gravity to form a nearly round shape\n3. It must be big enough to clear its neighborhood of any similarly sized objects around its orbit.\n\nPluto failed to meet the 3rd criteria as there are other similarly sized objects in the Kuiper belt.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which one of these does not belong - Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Pluto, Mercury |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are 3 ways I can do to feel better if I am in a bad mood?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I'm sorry you are in a bad mood. You can try going outside for a walk, go to the gym and workout, or take a hot bath. Feel well soon.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are 3 ways I can do to feel better if I am in a bad mood? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "As a child, Ted was frequently uprooted by his family's moves among Bronxville, New York; Hyannis Port, Massachusetts; Palm Beach, Florida; and the Court of St. James's, in London, England. His formal education started at Gibbs School in Kensington, London. He had attended ten schools by the age of eleven; these disruptions that interfered with his academic success. He was an altar boy at the St. Joseph's Church and was seven when he received his First Communion from Pope Pius XII in the Vatican. He spent sixth and seventh grades at the Fessenden School, where he was a mediocre student, and eighth grade at Cranwell Preparatory School; both schools located in Massachusetts. He was the youngest child and his parents were affectionate toward him, but they also compared him unfavorably with his older brothers. Between the ages of eight and sixteen, Ted suffered the traumas of his sister Rosemary's failed lobotomy and the deaths of two siblings: Joseph Jr. in World War II and Kathleen in an airplane crash. Ted's affable maternal grandfather, John F. Fitzgerald, was the Mayor of Boston, a U.S. Congressman, and an early political and personal influence. Ted spent his four high-school years at Milton Academy, a preparatory school in Milton, Massachusetts, where he received B and C grades. In 1950, he finished 36th in a graduating class of 56. He did well at football there, playing on the varsity in his last two years; the school's headmaster later described his play as \"absolutely fearless ... he would have tackled an express train to New York if you asked ... he loved contact sports\". Kennedy also played on the tennis team and was in the drama, debate, and glee clubs. Based on this paragraph, list the schools Ted attended as a child, separated by bullets.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "-Gibbs School\n-Fessenden School\nCranwell Preparatory School\n-Milton Academy",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| As a child, Ted was frequently uprooted by his family's moves among Bronxville, New York; Hyannis Port, Massachusetts; Palm Beach, Florida; and the Court of St. James's, in London, England. His formal education started at Gibbs School in Kensington, London. He had attended ten schools by the age of eleven; these disruptions that interfered with his academic success. He was an altar boy at the St. Joseph's Church and was seven when he received his First Communion from Pope Pius XII in the Vatican. He spent sixth and seventh grades at the Fessenden School, where he was a mediocre student, and eighth grade at Cranwell Preparatory School; both schools located in Massachusetts. He was the youngest child and his parents were affectionate toward him, but they also compared him unfavorably with his older brothers. Between the ages of eight and sixteen, Ted suffered the traumas of his sister Rosemary's failed lobotomy and the deaths of two siblings: Joseph Jr. in World War II and Kathleen in an airplane crash. Ted's affable maternal grandfather, John F. Fitzgerald, was the Mayor of Boston, a U.S. Congressman, and an early political and personal influence. Ted spent his four high-school years at Milton Academy, a preparatory school in Milton, Massachusetts, where he received B and C grades. In 1950, he finished 36th in a graduating class of 56. He did well at football there, playing on the varsity in his last two years; the school's headmaster later described his play as "absolutely fearless ... he would have tackled an express train to New York if you asked ... he loved contact sports". Kennedy also played on the tennis team and was in the drama, debate, and glee clubs. Based on this paragraph, list the schools Ted attended as a child, separated by bullets. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Apart from fission induced by a neutron, harnessed and exploited by humans, a natural form of spontaneous radioactive decay (not requiring a neutron) is also referred to as fission, and occurs especially in very high-mass-number isotopes. Spontaneous fission was discovered in 1940 by Flyorov, Petrzhak, and Kurchatov in Moscow, in an experiment intended to confirm that, without bombardment by neutrons, the fission rate of uranium was negligible, as predicted by Niels Bohr; it was not negligible.\n\nThe unpredictable composition of the products (which vary in a broad probabilistic and somewhat chaotic manner) distinguishes fission from purely quantum tunneling processes such as proton emission, alpha decay, and cluster decay, which give the same products each time. Nuclear fission produces energy for nuclear power and drives the explosion of nuclear weapons. Both uses are possible because certain substances called nuclear fuels undergo fission when struck by fission neutrons, and in turn emit neutrons when they break apart. This makes a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction possible, releasing energy at a controlled rate in a nuclear reactor or at a very rapid, uncontrolled rate in a nuclear weapon.\n\nThe amount of free energy contained in nuclear fuel is millions of times the amount of free energy contained in a similar mass of chemical fuel such as gasoline, making nuclear fission a very dense source of energy. The products of nuclear fission, however, are on average far more radioactive than the heavy elements which are normally fissioned as fuel, and remain so for significant amounts of time, giving rise to a nuclear waste problem. However, the seven long-lived fission products make up only a small fraction of fission products. Neutron absorption which does not lead to fission produces Plutonium (from 238\nU) and minor actinides (from both 235\nU and 238\nU) whose radiotoxicity is far higher than that of the long lived fission products. Concerns over nuclear waste accumulation and the destructive potential of nuclear weapons are a counterbalance to the peaceful desire to use fission as an energy source. The thorium fuel cycle produces virtually no plutonium and much less minor actinides, but 232\nU - or rather its decay products - are a major gamma ray emitter. All actinides are fertile or fissile and fast breeder reactors can fission them all albeit only in certain configurations. Nuclear reprocessing aims to recover usable material from spent nuclear fuel to both enable uranium (and thorium) supplies to last longer and to reduce the amount of \"waste\". The industry term for a process that fissions all or nearly all actinides is a \"closed fuel cycle\". What are the examples of quantum tunneling processes?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "proton emission, alpha decay, and cluster decay.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Apart from fission induced by a neutron, harnessed and exploited by humans, a natural form of spontaneous radioactive decay (not requiring a neutron) is also referred to as fission, and occurs especially in very high-mass-number isotopes. Spontaneous fission was discovered in 1940 by Flyorov, Petrzhak, and Kurchatov in Moscow, in an experiment intended to confirm that, without bombardment by neutrons, the fission rate of uranium was negligible, as predicted by Niels Bohr; it was not negligible.
The unpredictable composition of the products (which vary in a broad probabilistic and somewhat chaotic manner) distinguishes fission from purely quantum tunneling processes such as proton emission, alpha decay, and cluster decay, which give the same products each time. Nuclear fission produces energy for nuclear power and drives the explosion of nuclear weapons. Both uses are possible because certain substances called nuclear fuels undergo fission when struck by fission neutrons, and in turn emit neutrons when they break apart. This makes a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction possible, releasing energy at a controlled rate in a nuclear reactor or at a very rapid, uncontrolled rate in a nuclear weapon.
The amount of free energy contained in nuclear fuel is millions of times the amount of free energy contained in a similar mass of chemical fuel such as gasoline, making nuclear fission a very dense source of energy. The products of nuclear fission, however, are on average far more radioactive than the heavy elements which are normally fissioned as fuel, and remain so for significant amounts of time, giving rise to a nuclear waste problem. However, the seven long-lived fission products make up only a small fraction of fission products. Neutron absorption which does not lead to fission produces Plutonium (from 238
U) and minor actinides (from both 235
U and 238
U) whose radiotoxicity is far higher than that of the long lived fission products. Concerns over nuclear waste accumulation and the destructive potential of nuclear weapons are a counterbalance to the peaceful desire to use fission as an energy source. The thorium fuel cycle produces virtually no plutonium and much less minor actinides, but 232
U - or rather its decay products - are a major gamma ray emitter. All actinides are fertile or fissile and fast breeder reactors can fission them all albeit only in certain configurations. Nuclear reprocessing aims to recover usable material from spent nuclear fuel to both enable uranium (and thorium) supplies to last longer and to reduce the amount of "waste". The industry term for a process that fissions all or nearly all actinides is a "closed fuel cycle". What are the examples of quantum tunneling processes? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me which one does not fit with the group: Blue, Green, White, Yellow",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "All except White are colors of the rainbow.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me which one does not fit with the group: Blue, Green, White, Yellow |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the best age to drive a car?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In U.S legal age to drive is 16 years old. You will need to pass a written test and driving test in DMV to get your driver's license. However, I will not recommend driving at 16 because the insurance cost for young teen drivers is very high. It can be over $3000 per year and some states can even reach $5000. Also, most 16 years old is not prepared to handle the mental and physical demands of driving, their also easy to blend in their emotion when they are driving. So, my suggestion is to wait until they are 18 years old to drive a car.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the best age to drive a car? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these clothes are formal or informal: suit, tuxedo, bathing suit, gym shorts, slacks, tank top",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Suit: Formal\nTuxedo: Formal\nBathing Suit: Informal\nGym Shorts: Informal\nSlacks: Formal\nTank Top: Informal",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these clothes are formal or informal: suit, tuxedo, bathing suit, gym shorts, slacks, tank top |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation (IBJJF) is a for-profit company that hosts several of the biggest Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) tournaments in the world, including the World Jiu-Jitsu Championship, World No-Gi Championship, Pan Jiu-Jitsu Championship, and European Open Jiu-Jitsu Championship. The federation was created by Carlos Gracie, Jr., who is the head of one of the largest Brazilian jiu-jitsu associations, Gracie Barra. The IBJJF uses the ruleset of the Confederação Brasileira de Jiu-Jitsu (CBJJ). On October 11, 2020, the IBJJF announced that they will begin to allow both heel hooks and knee-reaping for all brown and black belts competing in no-gi tournaments, starting on an undisclosed date in 2021. Given a reference text about the IBJJF, provide two tournaments organized by IBJJ and the ruleset used by these tournaments.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "World No-Gi Championship and Pan Jiu-Jitsu Championship are two tournaments organized by the IBJJF. They follow the ruleset of the CBJJ.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation (IBJJF) is a for-profit company that hosts several of the biggest Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) tournaments in the world, including the World Jiu-Jitsu Championship, World No-Gi Championship, Pan Jiu-Jitsu Championship, and European Open Jiu-Jitsu Championship. The federation was created by Carlos Gracie, Jr., who is the head of one of the largest Brazilian jiu-jitsu associations, Gracie Barra. The IBJJF uses the ruleset of the Confederação Brasileira de Jiu-Jitsu (CBJJ). On October 11, 2020, the IBJJF announced that they will begin to allow both heel hooks and knee-reaping for all brown and black belts competing in no-gi tournaments, starting on an undisclosed date in 2021. Given a reference text about the IBJJF, provide two tournaments organized by IBJJ and the ruleset used by these tournaments. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "In what ways can having children improve your quality of life?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "This is my own opinion, and completely anecdotal, but having children can help improve your quality of life in several ways. Children can provide parents a sense of purpose. Parents are responsible for the well-being of their children, and this obligation in-turn forces parents to become less self-centered, and focus on something other than themselves. The relationships parents develop with their children is also unique to any other bond. They represent a piece of you, and are completely dependent on your for everything. That dependence, when coupled with the love they have for you, can give your life new meaning and joy.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In what ways can having children improve your quality of life? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "I'd like a list of the last five Prime Ministers of New Zealand. Give it to me in a bulleted list with the format <name> (<start date> - <end date>)",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Here is a list of the last five Prime Ministers of New Zealand:\n- Chris Hipkins (25 January 2023 - now)\n- Jacinda Ardern (26 October 2017 - 25 January 2023)\n- Bill English (12 December 2016 - 26 October 2017)\n- John Key (19 November 2008 - 12 December 2016)\n- Helen Clark (10 December 1999 - 19 November 2008)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| I'd like a list of the last five Prime Ministers of New Zealand. Give it to me in a bulleted list with the format <name> (<start date> - <end date>) |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of the following as a state or city: Portland, Austin, San Antonio, Alaska, Anchorage, Maine, Vermont",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Portland: City\nAustin: City\nSan Antonio: City\nAlaska: State\nAnchorage: City\nMaine: State\nVermont: State",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each of the following as a state or city: Portland, Austin, San Antonio, Alaska, Anchorage, Maine, Vermont |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "what is meetup group",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Meetup events are real-life gatherings where members and organizers get together to connect, discuss, and practice activities related to their shared interests.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| what is meetup group |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What makes Barcelona a top tourist destination?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Barcelona is a city that is filled with great food, great music and is rich in culture. Barcelona is located in the northeastern part of Spain in a region called Catalonia, along the Mediterranean Sea. Lined with beautiful beaches and a vibrant nightlife, Barcelona is often one of the top tourist destinations because there is always something to do or see while visiting. Some of the most popular tourist sights are those created by Antoni Gaudi, a modern art architect who modeled his structures after shapes found in nature. The most well-known work of Gaudi's being La Sagrada Familia - a cathedral that has been in the works since 1882 and anticipated completion date of 2026. Barcelona also has one of the best football teams in the world, FC Barcelona, the former team of World Cup champion Lionel Messi. Barcelona is great for families, couples and backpackers and is known for welcoming tourists with open arms and a glass of sweet vermouth.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What makes Barcelona a top tourist destination? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why is pickleball growing more popular than tennis?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pickleball is easy to learn. Compared to tennis, it requires less strength and skills to play. It also takes up less space to set up a pickleball court. It does not create forearm tightness like tennis. It is a good sport for all ages.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why is pickleball growing more popular than tennis? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bak, Fiddle",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Bak is percussion, Fiddle is string.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bak, Fiddle |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Rowing is a low-impact sport with movement only in defined ranges, so that twist and sprain injuries are rare. However, the repetitive rowing action can put strain on knee joints, the spine and the tendons of the forearm, and inflammation of these are the most common rowing injuries. If one rows with poor technique, especially rowing with a curved rather than straight back, other injuries may surface, including back pains and wrist injuries. Blisters occur for almost all rowers, especially in the beginning of one's rowing career, as every stroke puts pressure on the hands, though rowing frequently tends to harden hands and generate protective calluses. Holding the oars too tightly or making adjustments to technique may cause recurring or new blisters, as it is common to feather the blade. Another common injury is getting \"track bites\", thin cuts on the back of one's calf or thigh caused by contact with the seat tracks at either end of the stroke. What are the most common injuries in rowing?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The most common injuries in rowing are inflammation of the knees, spine and forearms. Oher common injuries also include hand blisters and track bites.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Rowing is a low-impact sport with movement only in defined ranges, so that twist and sprain injuries are rare. However, the repetitive rowing action can put strain on knee joints, the spine and the tendons of the forearm, and inflammation of these are the most common rowing injuries. If one rows with poor technique, especially rowing with a curved rather than straight back, other injuries may surface, including back pains and wrist injuries. Blisters occur for almost all rowers, especially in the beginning of one's rowing career, as every stroke puts pressure on the hands, though rowing frequently tends to harden hands and generate protective calluses. Holding the oars too tightly or making adjustments to technique may cause recurring or new blisters, as it is common to feather the blade. Another common injury is getting "track bites", thin cuts on the back of one's calf or thigh caused by contact with the seat tracks at either end of the stroke. What are the most common injuries in rowing? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How to get an efficient cardio workout and improve your speed, and gain other health benefits?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In this day and age when many are busy with work, family, electronic gadgets, social media it becomes increasingly challenging to find the time to exercise. Staying healthy will allow you to enjoy those distractions longer, but jokes aside it will make you feel energized, motivated and bring out the best in you. When new discoveries in scenic areas are correctly applied, you don’t need to spend multiple hours at the gym, you don’t have to starve to achieve your goals, this concept was very enticing to me when I first learnt about the Sprint 8 program at my local gym. I decided to give this a try!\n\nSprint 8 - Its a 20 minute routine, where you spend the first 30 seconds working out at the highest level of intensity (go all out) followed by 90 seconds of active recovery, repeat this 8 times.. You can use a bike, treadmill, elliptical whichever suits your style. In all my life of being fairly active, Sprint 8 has the toughest workout, but over a year I could see significant results. I was able to run faster, lower blood pressure, reduce fat percentage, and improve muscle mass. The key differentiator about this program is that it engages all the three muscle fiber types and releases exercise induced growth hormones to help your body become stronger, leaner and healthier.\n\nAnother advantage is that this program really reduces any change of injury that one may face by running, heavy weight lifting etc therefore allowing you to sustain the exercise program for years to come. \n\nGive this a try and gain the benefits of efficient exercising.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How to get an efficient cardio workout and improve your speed, and gain other health benefits? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What was the first toy to be advertised on television?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mr Potato Head.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What was the first toy to be advertised on television? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "When is India's independence day?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "India celebrates her independence day on the 15th day of August every year. The prime minister hoists the national flag at red fort and gives a speech to the nation.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| When is India's independence day? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of the following as flammable or non-flammable: coal, wood, newspaper, water, glass",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Coal: Flammable\nWood: Flammable\nNewspaper: Flammable\nWater: Non-flammable\nGlass: Non-flammable",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each of the following as flammable or non-flammable: coal, wood, newspaper, water, glass |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "When was the United States officially recognized as an independent nation?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The United Kingdom officially recognized the US as an independent nation on September 3, 1783.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| When was the United States officially recognized as an independent nation? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is Oren Middlebrook",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Oren Middlebrook (born January 23, 1953) is a former American football wide receiver. He played for the Philadelphia Eagles in 1978.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is Oren Middlebrook |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What affects tiredness?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are many factors which affect tiredness, including, but not limited to, amount of quality sleep, neurological state, nutrition, and both physical and mental health issues. It is extremely important to seek professional medical advice for tiredness if it is severely impacting your lifestyle and health.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What affects tiredness? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How do you explain cloud computing to a 5 year old?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Imagine you are building some thing using lego pieces. All of your legos are in basket. As you start to build your desired structure you start to take 1-3 or couple of handful of legos from the basket. As you start to give some shape to the structure you are designing you start to put back some of the legos into the basket you don't need. Overtime you keep changing the shape slightly here and there; sometimes making the structure smaller and sometimes a little bigger. And you are doing all of these from the lego collection in the basket of yours. Cloud computing in a similar way is compute power that you can rent out from a cloud provider who has huge data centers spread across the world (This is the basket). As your application needs compute resources to meet the demand; you borrow compute resources from the cloud providers data center and give it back when you don't need it.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do you explain cloud computing to a 5 year old? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write a brief about your recent vacation",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It was family time and no other place came to my mind for a relaxing time to be spent with family. The serene backwaters of the resort were the perfect destination to enjoy the long weekend. This was my daughter's first long drive and she enjoyed the outing and all the nearby vacation spots we visited. We enjoyed the tour and are looking forward to our next visit!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write a brief about your recent vacation |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The engine displaces 1,254 cc (76.5 cu in) with 102.5 mm bore × 76 mm stroke. The intake camshafts have two cam lobes per valve that can be switched within one cam revolution between partial-throttle and open-throttle cam profiles. Power and torque claimed by BMW are higher than the predecessor model at 134 horsepower (100 kW) at 7750 rpm and 105.5 pound force-feet (143.0 N⋅m) at 6250 rpm, with 4% better fuel economy. What horsepower does a BMW 1250GS produce",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The 2018 model of the 1250 GS produced 134 peak HP.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The engine displaces 1,254 cc (76.5 cu in) with 102.5 mm bore × 76 mm stroke. The intake camshafts have two cam lobes per valve that can be switched within one cam revolution between partial-throttle and open-throttle cam profiles. Power and torque claimed by BMW are higher than the predecessor model at 134 horsepower (100 kW) at 7750 rpm and 105.5 pound force-feet (143.0 N⋅m) at 6250 rpm, with 4% better fuel economy. What horsepower does a BMW 1250GS produce |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "\"Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a population of 20,937,757 inhabitants during the 2020 Chinese census, it is the fourth most populous city in China, and it is the only city apart from the four direct-administered municipalities with a population of over 20 million. It is traditionally the hub in Southwest China.\n\nChengdu is located in central Sichuan. The surrounding Chengdu Plain is known as the \"\"Country of Heaven\"\" (Chinese: 天府之国; pinyin: Tiānfǔ zhi Guó) and the \"\"Land of Abundance\"\". Its prehistoric settlers included the Sanxingdui culture. The site of Dujiangyan, an ancient irrigation system, is designated as a World Heritage Site. The Jin River flows through the city. Chengdu's culture largely reflects that of its province, Sichuan; in 2011, it was recognized by UNESCO as a city of gastronomy. It is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.\" Which animal is associated with Chengdu?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Chengdu is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| "Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a population of 20,937,757 inhabitants during the 2020 Chinese census, it is the fourth most populous city in China, and it is the only city apart from the four direct-administered municipalities with a population of over 20 million. It is traditionally the hub in Southwest China.
Chengdu is located in central Sichuan. The surrounding Chengdu Plain is known as the ""Country of Heaven"" (Chinese: 天府之国; pinyin: Tiānfǔ zhi Guó) and the ""Land of Abundance"". Its prehistoric settlers included the Sanxingdui culture. The site of Dujiangyan, an ancient irrigation system, is designated as a World Heritage Site. The Jin River flows through the city. Chengdu's culture largely reflects that of its province, Sichuan; in 2011, it was recognized by UNESCO as a city of gastronomy. It is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding." Which animal is associated with Chengdu? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How does a paraglider work?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A paraglider works by leveraging airflow to create lift. Air flows over both the top and bottom of the glider and meets at the edge. Due to the specific shape of the paraglider it creates more pressure on the bottom of the glider than on the top, this creates lift upwards much like an airplane wing.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How does a paraglider work? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "I’m new to beer, recommend 5 beer styles to me",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Here are 5 beer styles that you might enjoy:\n\n1. Pale ale\n2. Pilsner\n3. West coast IPA\n4. Vienna Lager\n5. Stout",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| I’m new to beer, recommend 5 beer styles to me |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me which of these countries have won a Fifa World Cup Final: Argentina, Mexico, USA, France, China",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "From the options provided, only Argentina and France have won a Fifa World Cup Final, Mexico, USA and China have not.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me which of these countries have won a Fifa World Cup Final: Argentina, Mexico, USA, France, China |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Peking duck is a dish from Beijing (Peking) that has been prepared since the Imperial era. The meat is characterized by its thin, crispy skin, with authentic versions of the dish serving mostly the skin and little meat, sliced in front of the diners by the cook. Ducks bred especially for the dish are slaughtered after 65 days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hung oven. The meat is often eaten with spring onion, cucumber and sweet bean sauce with pancakes rolled around the fillings. Sometimes pickled radish is also inside. Crispy aromatic duck is a similar dish to Peking duck and is popular in the United Kingdom. Give me a list of the usual accompaniments that are served with Peking duck",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Peking duck is usually accompanied with spring onion, cucumber and sweet bean sauce",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Peking duck is a dish from Beijing (Peking) that has been prepared since the Imperial era. The meat is characterized by its thin, crispy skin, with authentic versions of the dish serving mostly the skin and little meat, sliced in front of the diners by the cook. Ducks bred especially for the dish are slaughtered after 65 days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hung oven. The meat is often eaten with spring onion, cucumber and sweet bean sauce with pancakes rolled around the fillings. Sometimes pickled radish is also inside. Crispy aromatic duck is a similar dish to Peking duck and is popular in the United Kingdom. Give me a list of the usual accompaniments that are served with Peking duck |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Porsche 911 (pronounced Nine Eleven or in German: Neunelfer) is a two-door 2+2 high performance rear-engined sports car introduced in September 1964 by Porsche AG of Stuttgart, Germany. It has a rear-mounted flat-six engine and originally a torsion bar suspension. The car has been continuously enhanced through the years but the basic concept has remained unchanged. The engines were air-cooled until the introduction of the 996 series in 1998. When did Porsche stop producing air-cooled engines in the 911?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Porsche stopped producing air-cooled engines in the 911 in 1998 with the 996 series.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Porsche 911 (pronounced Nine Eleven or in German: Neunelfer) is a two-door 2+2 high performance rear-engined sports car introduced in September 1964 by Porsche AG of Stuttgart, Germany. It has a rear-mounted flat-six engine and originally a torsion bar suspension. The car has been continuously enhanced through the years but the basic concept has remained unchanged. The engines were air-cooled until the introduction of the 996 series in 1998. When did Porsche stop producing air-cooled engines in the 911? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of the following are bait for fishing and which are candy: live worms, gummy worms, lollipops, Hershey's kisses, crickets, and leeches.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The candies are gummy worms, lollipops, and Hershey’s kisses, and the fish bait is live worms, crickets, and leeches. It’s possible that some of the candies can be used as fish bait but non of items categorized as fish bait would be acceptable as candy.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of the following are bait for fishing and which are candy: live worms, gummy worms, lollipops, Hershey's kisses, crickets, and leeches. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "In computer science, binary search, also known as half-interval search, logarithmic search, or binary chop, is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array. Binary search compares the target value to the middle element of the array. If they are not equal, the half in which the target cannot lie is eliminated and the search continues on the remaining half, again taking the middle element to compare to the target value, and repeating this until the target value is found. If the search ends with the remaining half being empty, the target is not in the array.\n\nThe binary search runs in logarithmic time in the worst case, making \n\nO(log n) comparisons, where \n\nn is the number of elements in the array. Binary search is faster than linear search except for small arrays. However, the array must be sorted first to apply binary search. There are specialized data structures designed for fast searching, such as hash tables, that can be searched more efficiently than binary search. However, binary search can solve a wider range of problems, such as finding the next-smallest or next-largest element in the array relative to the target even if it is absent from the array.\n\nThere are numerous variations of binary search. In particular, fractional cascading speeds up binary searches for the same value in multiple arrays. Fractional cascading efficiently solves several search problems in computational geometry and numerous other fields. Exponential search extends binary search to unbounded lists. The binary search tree and B-tree data structures are based on binary search. What is binary search ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Binary search is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value in a sorted array. It eliminates the half in which the target value cannot lie. It searches the value in the other half. This continues by repeating the middle element to compare to the target value until the target value is found. \nBinary search is faster than linear search except for small arrays.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In computer science, binary search, also known as half-interval search, logarithmic search, or binary chop, is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array. Binary search compares the target value to the middle element of the array. If they are not equal, the half in which the target cannot lie is eliminated and the search continues on the remaining half, again taking the middle element to compare to the target value, and repeating this until the target value is found. If the search ends with the remaining half being empty, the target is not in the array.
The binary search runs in logarithmic time in the worst case, making
O(log n) comparisons, where
n is the number of elements in the array. Binary search is faster than linear search except for small arrays. However, the array must be sorted first to apply binary search. There are specialized data structures designed for fast searching, such as hash tables, that can be searched more efficiently than binary search. However, binary search can solve a wider range of problems, such as finding the next-smallest or next-largest element in the array relative to the target even if it is absent from the array.
There are numerous variations of binary search. In particular, fractional cascading speeds up binary searches for the same value in multiple arrays. Fractional cascading efficiently solves several search problems in computational geometry and numerous other fields. Exponential search extends binary search to unbounded lists. The binary search tree and B-tree data structures are based on binary search. What is binary search ? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why many people do not like pigeons?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Like most wild animals pigeons might spread disease that people are susceptible to. In addition pigeons droppings might significantly pollute the city and be a cause of infection. As the pigeon population increases through out the years these concerns becoming important.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why many people do not like pigeons? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Aion, Cadillac",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Aion is Chinese, Cadillac is American",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Aion, Cadillac |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "I am a reader in the US and would like to get started in collecting special edition books. Where should I start?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Special edition books are printed in limited qualities, sometimes signed by the author, numbered, have unique cover designs compared to the trade editions, and some have sprayed or stenciled edges. In the US, a popular publisher is Subterranean Press that offers many titles typically of the science fiction, fantasy, and horror genres. The UK has several options such as Illumicrate and Fairy Loot. These companies usually offer signed special editions with author signatures, unique covers, and decorative edges. Genres primarily offered include young adult fantasy. For the company with the widest selection, Goldsboro Books is the best option. The special editions are hand signed, numbered, and have sprayed or stencil edges. While Goldsboro Books offers many science fiction and fantasy options, they also offer many other genres including literary fiction, historical fiction, mysteries, and thrillers. Please keep in mind that readers it will cost US readers more when ordering from UK companies due to the pound-dollar conversion and costlier international shipping fees.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| I am a reader in the US and would like to get started in collecting special edition books. Where should I start? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which car manufacturer is French or American: Aixam, Buick",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Aixam is French, Buick is American",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which car manufacturer is French or American: Aixam, Buick |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world. Extract a name of a water passage that separates Egypt form Jordan and Saudi Arabia",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world. Extract a name of a water passage that separates Egypt form Jordan and Saudi Arabia |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "List the colors of the rainbow",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and purple",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| List the colors of the rainbow |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The Last of Us is an action-adventure game played from a third-person perspective. The player traverses post-apocalyptic environments such as towns, buildings, forests, and sewers to advance the story. The player can use firearms, improvised weapons, hand-to-hand combat, and stealth to defend against hostile humans and cannibalistic creatures infected by a mutated strain of the Cordyceps fungus. For most of the game, the player takes control of Joel, a man tasked with escorting a young girl, Ellie, across the United States. The player also controls Ellie throughout the game's winter segment and briefly controls Joel's daughter, Sarah, in the opening sequence. Extract and list the names of characters a player can control in The Last of Us mentioned in the paragraph. Also describe relationships between those characters.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In the Last of Us, a player can control Joel, Ellie (who is being escorted by Joel across the United States), and Sarah (who is Joel's daughter).",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Last of Us is an action-adventure game played from a third-person perspective. The player traverses post-apocalyptic environments such as towns, buildings, forests, and sewers to advance the story. The player can use firearms, improvised weapons, hand-to-hand combat, and stealth to defend against hostile humans and cannibalistic creatures infected by a mutated strain of the Cordyceps fungus. For most of the game, the player takes control of Joel, a man tasked with escorting a young girl, Ellie, across the United States. The player also controls Ellie throughout the game's winter segment and briefly controls Joel's daughter, Sarah, in the opening sequence. Extract and list the names of characters a player can control in The Last of Us mentioned in the paragraph. Also describe relationships between those characters. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Is the economy doing well right now?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The economy is doing surprisingly well right now considering the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB). We are in a slight recession but we are inching our way out of it. Other banks are not collapsing and people's confidence in the stock market and economy is getting better with time. Other sentiments that can affect the emotion of how people view the economy can be tied to how they view the current presidential administration or what their political affiliations are.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Is the economy doing well right now? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire. The city was captured on 29 May 1453 as part of the culmination of a 53-day siege which had begun on 6 April.\n\nThe attacking Ottoman Army, which significantly outnumbered Constantinople's defenders, was commanded by the 21-year-old Sultan Mehmed II (later nicknamed \"the Conqueror\"), while the Byzantine army was led by Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos. After conquering the city, Mehmed II made Constantinople the new Ottoman capital, replacing Adrianople. When did Istanbul (Constantinople) captured by Ottoman?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ali Malekshahi",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire. The city was captured on 29 May 1453 as part of the culmination of a 53-day siege which had begun on 6 April.
The attacking Ottoman Army, which significantly outnumbered Constantinople's defenders, was commanded by the 21-year-old Sultan Mehmed II (later nicknamed "the Conqueror"), while the Byzantine army was led by Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos. After conquering the city, Mehmed II made Constantinople the new Ottoman capital, replacing Adrianople. When did Istanbul (Constantinople) captured by Ottoman? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Imagine a world where life expectancy is fixed and the same for everyone at birth, yet people can engage in life expectancy \"donation\" – meaning that someone can extend your life three years longer at the expense of theirs. Talk about a likely scenario in this world that involves voluntary donation.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "One voluntary donation involves donors and their loved ones. For example, children who wish to have more time with their parents could extend their parents' life expectancy at the expense of theirs. For loving spouses with different times of birth, the one who was born later could extend their partner's life so that they could pass away at the same time, without having to suffer the pain of losing the love of their life. If pets also have fixed life expectancy that is yet shorter than that of humans, the pet owners could also make such a donation willingly.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Imagine a world where life expectancy is fixed and the same for everyone at birth, yet people can engage in life expectancy "donation" – meaning that someone can extend your life three years longer at the expense of theirs. Talk about a likely scenario in this world that involves voluntary donation. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Andrés de Jesús María y José Bello López (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈdɾes ˈβeʝo]; November 29, 1781 – October 15, 1865) was a Venezuelan-Chilean humanist, diplomat, poet, legislator, philosopher, educator and philologist, whose political and literary works constitute an important part of Spanish American culture. Bello is featured on the old 2,000 Venezuelan bolívar and the 20,000 Chilean peso notes. Who is Andres Bello?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Andrés de Jesús María y José Bello López (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈdɾes ˈβeʝo]; November 29, 1781 – October 15, 1865) was a Venezuelan-Chilean humanist, diplomat, poet, legislator, philosopher, educator and philologist, whose political and literary works constitute an important part of Spanish American culture. Bello is featured on the old 2,000 Venezuelan bolívar and the 20,000 Chilean peso notes.\n\nIn Caracas, where he was born, Andrés Bello was Simón Bolívar's teacher for a short period of time and participated in the process that led to Venezuelan independence. As a diplomat for the new independent government that he helped establish, he went with Luis López Méndez and Simón Bolívar on their first diplomatic mission to London. He lived in London from 1810 to 1829.\n\nIn 1829, Bello went with his family to Chile. He was hired by the Chilean government and made great works in the field of law and humanities. In Santiago he held positions as a senator and a professor, as well as directing several local newspapers. As a legislator, he was the main promoter and editor of the Chilean Civil Code, one of the most innovative and influential American legal works of his time. In 1842, under his inspiration and with his decisive support, the University of Chile was created, an institution of which he became the first rector, staying in the post for more than two decades. Due to his great contributions, on 17 October 1832 he was given Chilean nationality through a law approved by the Congress.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Andrés de Jesús María y José Bello López (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈdɾes ˈβeʝo]; November 29, 1781 – October 15, 1865) was a Venezuelan-Chilean humanist, diplomat, poet, legislator, philosopher, educator and philologist, whose political and literary works constitute an important part of Spanish American culture. Bello is featured on the old 2,000 Venezuelan bolívar and the 20,000 Chilean peso notes. Who is Andres Bello? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why would someone want to drink sparkling water instead of flat?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "That's a great question! There are a lot of people who have grown up drinking beverages that taste good, but aren't necessarily good for their health, such as soda. As we age, we often start to consider our health more seriously. Sparkling water, like soda, has bubbles and gives a similar sensation, but has fewer calories and sugar, and therefore better for your health.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why would someone want to drink sparkling water instead of flat? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the best woods for smoking?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Oak is the quintessential go-to for smoking meat. It is a great place to start if you are a newbie to smoking. It will lend a medium to a strong flavor that is seldom overpowering.\n\t- Best Meat to Smoke: Lamb, beef, brisket, and sausages\n\t \nHickory is the most versatile choice as it can be used to smoke wood in many ways. Be careful, though, because too much hickory flavor will cause your meat to have a more bitter flavor. It has a sweet, savory, and hearty, a bit bacony.\n\t- Best Meat to Smoke: Larger cuts of ribs and pork shoulders, as well as almost all red meat and poultry.\n\t \nMaple is one of the most subtle smoking wood, it will impart a more subtle smoke flavor. Use maple for a sweet, light, mild smokiness.\n\t- Best Meat to Smoke: Poultry, pork, game foul\n\t \nMesquite is a hardy wood packing intense flavor. It is recommended for grilling, or to be used in smaller quantities. It is famous for its strong, intense, and unique.\n\t- Best Meat to Smoke: Red Meat and for adding additional flavor when grilling\n\nPecan will lend a rich, sweet, nutty flavor. In fact, the wood is so sweet that you may want to use a combination of it with another harder wood to balance out the flavor.\n\t- Best Meat to Smoke: Briskets, roasts, and ribs\n\t \nApplewood is mild and sweet, lending a mellow flavor. Apple smoke flavors take a while to permeate the meat, so anticipate several hours of smoking.\n\t- Best Meat to Smoke: Chicken, wild foul, pork\n\t \nAlder has a very light and sweet flavor profile. It lends a delicate and sweet characteristic.\n\t- Best Meat to Smoke: Fish, like salmon and other Pacific Northwestern types.\n\t \nCherry is mild and fruity, and when mixed with other hardwood like hickory, the two flavors compliment each other for an amazing result.\n\t- Best Meat to Smoke: Chicken, turkey, ham",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the best woods for smoking? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Name some popular video games exclusive to Sony’s Playstation game consoles.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Some of the most popular games that are exclusive to Sony Playstation consoles include the Uncharted series, the Gran Turismo series, and the God of War series. Each series of games have sold tens of millions of copies.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Name some popular video games exclusive to Sony’s Playstation game consoles. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Phytosaurs, Leatherback Turtle",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Leatherback Turtle is alive, Phytosaurs is extinct.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Phytosaurs, Leatherback Turtle |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What makes Destiny 2 a popular game?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Destiny 2 is a very popular first person shooter video game that was developed by Bungie, and is currently free to play on all major video game consoles and personal computers. Since release, Destiny 2 has released numerous additional content through expansion packs and seasonal content that expands the storyline and background lore of the universe in which the game takes place as well as new locations to explore and activities to engage in.\n\nIn Destiny 2, players assume the role of Guardians, who are gifted with the power of \"Light\" that allows them to protect the remnants of humanity that survived a catastrophic event of an event called \"The collapse.\" This science fiction background and futuristic aesthetic combine to provide both a story-rich and feature-rich gameplay experience.\n\nDestiny 2 is classed as a \"looter shooter\" first person shooter, which is a sub-genre of video games that feature procedurally generated equipment and weapons which encourages players to replay game content to achieve the best possible combinations of benefits from the items they receive. Furthermore, Destiny 2 is also commonly referred to as a role playing game, elements of which allow users to customize their characters abilities and appearance and specialize in certain roles within the game. As new content is released into the game, this encourages players to experiment with new abilities, weapons, and equipment to achieve optimal performance and creates a satisfying gameplay loop or experience.\n\nThe game features two main modes of play. The first, which is classified as \"Player Versus Environment\", or PvE, pits the players against AI-controlled enemies in either solo content, group content (called fireteams) of 3 players, or raids of up to 6 players. Players team up in fireteams and raids to tackle more challenging content and in turn are rewarded with more unique or rare pieces of equipment. Additionally, there are \"Player vs Player\", or PvP modes in the game that allows players to compete against each other in competitive modes against each other. Both modes feature exclusive gameplay modes, locations, and objectives.\n\nFinally, Destiny 2 features a rich cast of diverse actors and actresses that lend their voice talent to the game for their characters, such as Nathan Fillon, Lance Reddick, Nolan North, Lennie James, and many other noteworthy artists. \n\nDestiny 2 has also been nominated for and/or won several awards since release, including the Game Critics Award for Best PC Game (2007) and Best Ongoing Game (2019).",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What makes Destiny 2 a popular game? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "why do human beings have a tendency to think they are always right?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "As a first attempt to answer the question of why human beings have a tendency to think they are always right, we could point to cognitive biases, and in particular to one called \"confirmation bias\". This bias conditions human beings to use any new evidence to confirm their pre-existing beliefs, and to reject any new evidence that contradicts these beliefs. People may also experience the so-called illusory superiority, another bias that conditions them to overestimate their skills and make them believe they are superior to the rest. However these biases, as concrete as well-proven as they are, are only part of the explanation. The book \"Being Wrong: Adventures in the Margin of Error\" by Kathryn Schulz is an exploration on why humans have the tendency to disregard errors and think they are always right. Shulz describes how people start with the assumption that they are right in everything they believe, and when they realise they have made a mistake, instead of challenging this assumption, they actually feel relief and think: \"I was right except for this particular error I was making, but now that I have realised it I can certainly say that I am 100% right in everything\".",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| why do human beings have a tendency to think they are always right? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the fastest point of sail?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The fastest point of sail on a traditional sailing vessel is the beam reach.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the fastest point of sail? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is an adjustable rate mortgage?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A mortgage whose interest rate and monthly payments vary throughout the life of the loan",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is an adjustable rate mortgage? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Li Xueju (simplified Chinese: 李学举; traditional Chinese: 李學舉; pinyin: Lǐ Xuéjǔ; born April 1945) is a politician of the People's Republic of China, and the former Minister of Civil Affairs of PRC.\n\nBorn in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, Li joined the Chinese Communist Party in January 1966, and started working in May 1966. In early years, he served in various posts in local commune. In 1975, he was promoted to Secretary of Communist Youth League committee in Siping region of Jilin. From 1978, he served as vice section chief, vice director and later, director of organization department of CYL central committee. From 1984 to 1986, he studied at CCP Central Party School. In 1986, he was appointed as the director of general office of CYL central committee. He was a member of 10th CYL central committee, and a standing member of 11th and 12th CYL central committee. Who is the Chinese Li Xueju",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Li Xueju born April 1945 is a politician of the People's Republic of China, and the former Minister of Civil Affairs of PRC.\n\nBorn in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, Li joined the Chinese Communist Party in January 1966, and started working in May 1966. In early years, he served in various posts in local commune. In 1975, he was promoted to Secretary of Communist Youth League committee in Siping region of Jilin. \n\nFrom 1978, he served as vice section chief, vice director and later, director of organization department of CYL central committee. From 1984 to 1986, he studied at CCP Central Party School. In 1986, he was appointed as the director of general office of CYL central committee. He was a member of 10th CYL central committee, and a standing member of 11th and 12th CYL central committee.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Li Xueju (simplified Chinese: 李学举; traditional Chinese: 李學舉; pinyin: Lǐ Xuéjǔ; born April 1945) is a politician of the People's Republic of China, and the former Minister of Civil Affairs of PRC.
Born in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, Li joined the Chinese Communist Party in January 1966, and started working in May 1966. In early years, he served in various posts in local commune. In 1975, he was promoted to Secretary of Communist Youth League committee in Siping region of Jilin. From 1978, he served as vice section chief, vice director and later, director of organization department of CYL central committee. From 1984 to 1986, he studied at CCP Central Party School. In 1986, he was appointed as the director of general office of CYL central committee. He was a member of 10th CYL central committee, and a standing member of 11th and 12th CYL central committee. Who is the Chinese Li Xueju |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Why you should sleep at least 7 hours",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Because your body need rest minimum 7 hours to operate properly everyday",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why you should sleep at least 7 hours |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Bull sharks mate during late summer and early autumn, often in bays and estuaries. After gestating for 12 months, a bull shark may give birth to 1 to 13 live young.\n\nThey are viviparous, born live and free-swimming. The young are about 70 cm (27.6 in) at birth. The bull shark does not rear its young; the young bull sharks are born into flat, protected areas. Coastal lagoons, river mouths, and other low-salinity estuaries are common nursery habitats.\n\nThe male bull shark is able to begin reproducing around the age of 15 years while the female cannot begin reproducing until the age of 18 years. The size of a fully matured female bull shark to produce viable eggs for fertilization seems to be 175 cm to 235 cm. The courting routine between bull sharks has not been observed in detail as of yet. The male likely bites the female on the tail until she can turn upside down and the male can copulate at that point. Mature females commonly have scratches from the mating process. Given a reference text about bull sharks, tell me the gestation period for bull sharks.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The gestation period for bull sharks is 12 months.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Bull sharks mate during late summer and early autumn, often in bays and estuaries. After gestating for 12 months, a bull shark may give birth to 1 to 13 live young.
They are viviparous, born live and free-swimming. The young are about 70 cm (27.6 in) at birth. The bull shark does not rear its young; the young bull sharks are born into flat, protected areas. Coastal lagoons, river mouths, and other low-salinity estuaries are common nursery habitats.
The male bull shark is able to begin reproducing around the age of 15 years while the female cannot begin reproducing until the age of 18 years. The size of a fully matured female bull shark to produce viable eggs for fertilization seems to be 175 cm to 235 cm. The courting routine between bull sharks has not been observed in detail as of yet. The male likely bites the female on the tail until she can turn upside down and the male can copulate at that point. Mature females commonly have scratches from the mating process. Given a reference text about bull sharks, tell me the gestation period for bull sharks. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "In her teens in the 1880s, she taught school for a time in Sac County, Iowa. She studied at the Mount Carroll Seminary (later known as Shimer College), exiting in 1890. Although then as now primarily a liberal arts institution, the school also offered courses in stenography and typewriting. Deneen performed well enough in her studies to be hired as an instructor of these subjects in 1889 and 1890. What did Deneen do in her teens?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In her teens, Deneen taught school in Sac County, Iowa.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In her teens in the 1880s, she taught school for a time in Sac County, Iowa. She studied at the Mount Carroll Seminary (later known as Shimer College), exiting in 1890. Although then as now primarily a liberal arts institution, the school also offered courses in stenography and typewriting. Deneen performed well enough in her studies to be hired as an instructor of these subjects in 1889 and 1890. What did Deneen do in her teens? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the best season to ski?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In northsphere, the best season to ski is in February.\nIndividual ski experiences are related to snow quality, wind factor, avalanche danger, terrain, and visibility. The snow quality differs a lot from different seasons. Deep and dry snow are good for ski experience instead of icy or wet snow.\nFebruary is considered the best season because the temperature is still low, and the snow has accumulated with enough depth.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the best season to ski? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are the key signs of slow development for a 12-month infant?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "* Can't sit up from bed\n* Can't stand without support\n* Can't walk with support\n* Haven't grown teeth.\n* Really fussy at night.\n* Resist solid food or choke on solid food.\n* Can't say word like dada, gaga, kaka, baba, mama.\n* Don't react to his/her name.\n* Don't recognize his/her caregivers.\n* Still need to take two naps a day.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the key signs of slow development for a 12-month infant? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How can you tell how old a tree is?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The size of tree has a direct correlation on how old the tree is. The wider the diameter and circumference of the tree the older it is. When a tree is cut down there will be inner rings in the stump that describe the tree's age as well. A tree's diameter will increase in size about 2.5 centimeters per year. You can estimate the age of a tree by measuring the circumference of the tree in centimeters and then dividing it by 2.5 centimeters. It will be important to measure as close to the ground as possible to get the most accurate measurement for the tree's age.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How can you tell how old a tree is? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "\"Reason\" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov, first published in the April 1941 issue of Astounding Science Fiction and collected in I, Robot (1950), The Complete Robot (1982), and Robot Visions (1990). It is part of Asimov's Robot series, and was the second of Asimov's positronic robot stories to see publication. Write down some important aspects of short story Reason from the given text",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Isaac Asimov, an American author of science fiction, first published \"Reason\" in the April 1941 edition of Astounding Science Fiction. \n2. It was later collected in Robot (1950), The Complete Robot (1982), and Robot Visions. (1990).\n3. I was the second of Asimov's positronic robot stories to be published, it is a part of the Robot series.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| "Reason" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov, first published in the April 1941 issue of Astounding Science Fiction and collected in I, Robot (1950), The Complete Robot (1982), and Robot Visions (1990). It is part of Asimov's Robot series, and was the second of Asimov's positronic robot stories to see publication. Write down some important aspects of short story Reason from the given text |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the books in the 'A Song of Ice and Fire' series and when were they released?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The books in the 'A Song of Ice and Fire' series are:\n\n- A Game of Thrones [August 1996]\n- A Clash of Kings [February 1999]\n- A Storm of Swords [November 2000]\n- A Feast for Crows [November 2005]\n- A Dance with Dragons [July 2011]\n- The Winds of Winter \n- A Dream of Spring",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the books in the 'A Song of Ice and Fire' series and when were they released? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Kate's parents have three kids. The first kid's name is Peter, the second kid's name is Parker. What is the third kid's name?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Kate's parents have three kids. So apparently Kate is one of them. We know the other two kids' name is Peter and Parker, so the third kid is Kate herself. And name is Kate!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Kate's parents have three kids. The first kid's name is Peter, the second kid's name is Parker. What is the third kid's name? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is Sunshine Recession?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It is known as the deepest period in which sunspots are not virtually visible. Deepest period is related to sun cycle's process called solar minimum",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is Sunshine Recession? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Gibraltar (/dʒɪˈbrɔːltər/ jih-BRAWL-tər, Spanish: [xiβɾalˈtaɾ]) is a British Overseas Territory and city located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. It has an area of 6.7 km2 (2.6 sq mi) and is bordered to the north by Spain. The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar, at the foot of which is a densely populated town area, home to over 32,000 people, primarily Gibraltarians.\n\nIn 1704, Anglo-Dutch forces captured Gibraltar from Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession. The territory was ceded to Great Britain in perpetuity under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. It became an important base for the Royal Navy, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars and World War II, as it controlled the narrow entrance and exit to the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar, which is only 14.3 km (8.9 mi) wide. This choke point remains strategically important, with half the world's seaborne trade passing through it. Gibraltar's economy is based largely on tourism, online gambling, financial services, and bunkering.\n\nThe sovereignty of Gibraltar is a point of contention in Anglo-Spanish relations, as Spain asserts a claim to the territory. Gibraltarians overwhelmingly rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a 1967 referendum, and for shared sovereignty in a 2002 referendum. Nevertheless, Gibraltar maintains close economic and cultural links with Spain, with many Gibraltarians speaking Spanish as well as a local dialect known as Llanito.\n\nSince Brexit, Gibraltar is not a member of the European Union but negotiations are underway to have it participate in the Schengen Agreement to facilitate border movements between Gibraltar and Spain. As of March 2023, talks seem deadlocked.\n\nName\nThe name is derived from Arabic: جبل طارق, romanized: Jabal Ṭāriq, lit. 'Mount of Tariq' (named after the 8th-century Moorish military leader Tariq ibn Ziyad). Where does the name Gibraltar come from?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The name comes from the arabic meaning the mountain of Tarik",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Gibraltar (/dʒɪˈbrɔːltər/ jih-BRAWL-tər, Spanish: [xiβɾalˈtaɾ]) is a British Overseas Territory and city located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. It has an area of 6.7 km2 (2.6 sq mi) and is bordered to the north by Spain. The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar, at the foot of which is a densely populated town area, home to over 32,000 people, primarily Gibraltarians.
In 1704, Anglo-Dutch forces captured Gibraltar from Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession. The territory was ceded to Great Britain in perpetuity under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. It became an important base for the Royal Navy, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars and World War II, as it controlled the narrow entrance and exit to the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar, which is only 14.3 km (8.9 mi) wide. This choke point remains strategically important, with half the world's seaborne trade passing through it. Gibraltar's economy is based largely on tourism, online gambling, financial services, and bunkering.
The sovereignty of Gibraltar is a point of contention in Anglo-Spanish relations, as Spain asserts a claim to the territory. Gibraltarians overwhelmingly rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a 1967 referendum, and for shared sovereignty in a 2002 referendum. Nevertheless, Gibraltar maintains close economic and cultural links with Spain, with many Gibraltarians speaking Spanish as well as a local dialect known as Llanito.
Since Brexit, Gibraltar is not a member of the European Union but negotiations are underway to have it participate in the Schengen Agreement to facilitate border movements between Gibraltar and Spain. As of March 2023, talks seem deadlocked.
Name
The name is derived from Arabic: جبل طارق, romanized: Jabal Ṭāriq, lit. 'Mount of Tariq' (named after the 8th-century Moorish military leader Tariq ibn Ziyad). Where does the name Gibraltar come from? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify from this list who are characters from The Hunger Games book series: Katniss Everdeen, Benedict Cumberbatch, Effie Trinket, Benadryl Cucumberpants, Cornelius Snow, Peeta Mellark, Bendydoo Calliopeplayer, Haymitch Abernathy, Seneca Crane, Ballyoop Cockadoodle",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Katniss Everdeen, Effie Trinket, Cornelius Snow, Peeta Mellark, Haymitch Abernathy, Seneca Crane",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify from this list who are characters from The Hunger Games book series: Katniss Everdeen, Benedict Cumberbatch, Effie Trinket, Benadryl Cucumberpants, Cornelius Snow, Peeta Mellark, Bendydoo Calliopeplayer, Haymitch Abernathy, Seneca Crane, Ballyoop Cockadoodle |
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