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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Luddites
|
In which year did the Luddite attacks start?
|
Industrial Revolution
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
5
] |
[
"The rapid industrialisation of the English economy cost many craft workers their jobs.",
"The movement started first with lace and hosiery workers near Nottingham and spread to other areas of the textile industry owing to early industrialisation.",
"Many weavers also found themselves suddenly unemployed since they could no longer compete with machines which only required relatively limited (and unskilled) labour to produce more cloth than a single weaver.",
"Many such unemployed workers, weavers and others, turned their animosity towards the machines that had taken their jobs and began destroying factories and machinery.",
"These attackers became known as Luddites, supposedly followers of Ned Ludd, a folklore figure.",
"The first attacks of the Luddite movement began in 1811.",
"The Luddites rapidly gained popularity, and the British government took drastic measures, using the militia or army to protect industry.",
"Those rioters who were caught were tried and hanged, or transported for life.",
"Unrest continued in other sectors as they industrialised as well, such as with agricultural labourers in the 1830s when large parts of southern Britain were affected by the Captain Swing disturbances.",
"Threshing machines were a particular target, and hayrick burning was a popular activity.",
"However, the riots led to the first formation of trade unions, and further pressure for reform."
] |
[] |
Major achievements
|
How old is computer science?
|
Computer science
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0
] |
[
"Despite its short history as a formal academic discipline, computer science has made a number of fundamental contributions to science and society - in fact, along with electronics, it is a founding science of the current epoch of human history called the Information Age and a driver of the Information Revolution, seen as the third major leap in human technological progress after the Industrial Revolution (1750-1850 CE) and the Agricultural Revolution (8000-5000 BCE).",
"These contributions include:",
" The start of the \"digital revolution\", which includes the current Information Age and the Internet.",
" A formal definition of computation and computability, and proof that there are computationally unsolvable and intractable problems.",
" The concept of a programming language, a tool for the precise expression of methodological information at various levels of abstraction.",
" In cryptography, breaking the Enigma code was an important factor contributing to the Allied victory in World War II.",
" Scientific computing enabled practical evaluation of processes and situations of great complexity, as well as experimentation entirely by software.",
"It also enabled advanced study of the mind, and mapping of the human genome became possible with the Human Genome Project.",
"Distributed computing projects such as Folding@home explore protein folding.",
" Algorithmic trading has increased the efficiency and liquidity of financial markets by using artificial intelligence, machine learning, and other statistical and numerical techniques on a large scale.",
"High frequency algorithmic trading can also exacerbate volatility.",
" Computer graphics and computer-generated imagery have become ubiquitous in modern entertainment, particularly in television, cinema, advertising, animation and video games.",
"Even films that feature no explicit CGI are usually \"filmed\" now on digital cameras, or edited or postprocessed using a digital video editor.",
" Simulation of various processes, including computational fluid dynamics, physical, electrical, and electronic systems and circuits, as well as societies and social situations (notably war games) along with their habitats, among many others.",
"Modern computers enable optimization of such designs as complete aircraft.",
"Notable in electrical and electronic circuit design are SPICE, as well as software for physical realization of new (or modified) designs.",
"The latter includes essential design software for integrated circuits.",
" Artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly important as it gets more efficient and complex.",
"There are many applications of the AI, some of which can be seen at home, such as robotic vacuum cleaners.",
"It is also present in video games and on the modern battlefield in drones, anti-missile systems, and squad support robots."
] |
[
5
] |
Bison paddock
|
When were bison introduced at Golden Gate Park?
|
Golden Gate Park
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
0
] |
[
"Bison (\"Bison bison\") have been kept in Golden Gate Park since 1891, when a small herd was purchased by the park commission.",
"At the time, the animal's population in North America had dwindled to an all-time low, and San Francisco made a successful effort to breed them in captivity.",
"In 1899, the paddock in the western section of the park was created.",
"At its peak and through a successful captive breeding program, more than 100 calves were produced at Golden Gate Park, helping preserve the iconic bison population numbers in North America, which has been critical to the culture and livelihood of Native Americans.",
"In 1984, Mayor Dianne Feinstein's husband, Richard C. Blum, purchased a new herd as a birthday present for his wife.",
"The older bison in the paddock today are descendants of those animals.",
"In December 2011, after the number of bison in the paddock had dwindled to three, Assemblywoman Fiona Ma’s office led another preservation effort.",
"With donations from the Theodore Rosen Charitable Foundation, Richard C. Blum, and the Garen Wimer Ranch, Assemblywoman Ma’s office worked with the San Francisco Zoo and SF Recreation and Parks to add seven new bison to the existing herd.",
"The Paddock is currently open to the public for viewing."
] |
[
2
] |
Track listings
|
What is the length of "Talk to Me"?
|
Call Me Maybe
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
5
] |
[
"Digital download",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" – 3:13",
"Digital EP",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" – 3:13",
" \"Both Sides Now\" – 3:53",
" \"Talk to Me\" – 2:50",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" (Instrumental) – 3:13",
"CD single",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" – 3:13",
" \"Both Sides Now\" – 3:53",
"Remix EP",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" (Manhattan Clique Remix) – 5:56",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" (Almighty Club Mix) – 6:58",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" (10 Kings.VS.",
"Ollie Green Remix) – 3:08",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" (Coyote Kisses Remix) – 4:46"
] |
[
0
] |
Release and promotion
|
What year did Drake release "Free Spirit?"
|
Take Care (album)
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
11
] |
[
"The first track Drake released was \"Dreams Money Can Buy\" on May 20, 2011 through his October's Very Own blog.",
"Drake mentioned this song was \"A Story of Dreams, mixed with reality,\" and that this was not his first single off the album but that it would be included on \"Take Care\".",
"On June 9, 2011, a second track titled \"Marvins Room\" was released via his blog.",
"Drake initially stated that the song would not be featured on \"Take Care\", but because of the song's unexpected success, prompting it was released as a digital and radio single on July 22, 2011 and will be on \"Take Care\".",
"\"Trust Issues\" was then released shortly after on his blog, but is confirmed not to be on the album via Drake's Twitter.",
"He explained that the song was an idea he had from I'm On One and made it \"just for fun.\"",
"However, in an interview, Drake stated that Trust Issues, along with Dreams Money Can Buy, will be included in the Birthday Edition of the album.",
"On September 10, 2011, Drake released a new song titled \"Club Paradise\" on his October's Very Own blog.",
"\"Dropping this for our boy Avery...this was his favorite sh*t during the recording process.",
"2 more songs coming tonight as well.",
"ovoxo,\" he wrote on his blog.",
"On September 11, 2011, Drake released another track entitled \"Free Spirit\" featuring Rick Ross and blogged that another was to be released that night, as well.",
"Later that night he released a remix of Waka Flocka Flame's \"Round of Applause\".",
"On September 23, 2011, Drake released the official album cover to \"Take Care\".",
"On October 20, 2011, an unfinished version of \"The Real Her\" featuring only Lil Wayne was leaked online.",
"On October 8, 2011, Drake announced on his OVO blog that \"Take Care\" would be pushed back until November 15 because of three sample clearances (Take Care, Cameras, & Practice).",
"It was originally to be released on his 25th birthday, October 24, 2011.",
"The Club Paradise Tour was revealed to start in November on Twitter.",
"However, It was revealed that the tour was delayed until after Christmas/New Year break so Drake could perform at more schools.",
"A “chopped and screwed” version of the album remixed by OG Ron C titled \"Chop Care\" was released on November 29, 2011, and received over 1 million downloads in the first 48 hours.",
"It was featured on a variety of media blogs, magazines, and newspapers.",
"It was included on year-end lists by several publications, including The New York Times which gave major praise."
] |
[
0
] |
Rank and grading
|
Who picks who gets "judan" in the kyu-dan Judo ranking system?
|
Judo
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
6
] |
[
"Judo is a hierarchical art, where seniority of judoka is designated by what is known as the - ranking system.",
"This system was developed by Jigoro Kano based on the ranking system in the board game Go.",
"Beginning students progress through kyu grades towards dan grades.",
"A judoka's position within the kyu-dan ranking system is displayed by the color of their belt.",
"Beginning students typically wear a white belt, progressing through descending kyu ranks until they are deemed to have achieved a level of competence sufficient to be a dan grade, at which point they wear the .",
"The kyu-dan ranking system has since been widely adopted by modern martial arts.",
"The highest grade ever awarded \"jūdan\" (tenth degree black belt) has no formal requirements and is decided by the president of the Kodokan, currently Kano Jigoro's grandson Yukimitsu Kano.",
"As of 2011, fifteen Japanese men have been promoted to this rank by the Kodokan, three of whom are still alive; the IJF and Western national federations have promoted another seven who are not recognized (at that level of rank) by the Kodokan.",
"On July 28, 2011, the promotion board of USA Judo awarded Keiko Fukuda the rank of 10th \"dan\", who is the first woman to be promoted to judo's highest level, albeit not a Kodokan-recognized rank.",
"Although \"dan\" ranks tend to be consistent between national organizations there is more variation in the \"kyū\" grades, with some countries having more \"kyū\" grades.",
"Although initially \"kyū\" grade belt colours were uniformly white, today a variety of colours are used.",
"The first black belts to denote a Dan rank in the 1880s, initially the wide obi was used; as practitioners trained in kimono, only white and black obi were used.",
"It was not until the early 1900s, after the introduction of the judogi, that an expanded colored belt system of awarding rank was created."
] |
[
3
] |
Health issues
|
Is equestrianism a dangerous sport?
|
Equestrianism
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
8
] |
[
"Handling, riding, and driving horses has a number of health risks.",
"Riding has some inherent risks, as when mounted, the rider's head may be up to from the ground, and the horse may travel at a speed of up to .",
"The injuries observed range from very minor injuries to fatalities.",
"A recent study in Germany reported that the relative risk of injury from riding a horse, compared to riding a bicycle, was 9 times higher for adolescents and 5.6 times higher for younger children, but that riding a horse was less risky than riding a moped.",
"In Victoria, Australia, a search of state records found that equestrian sports had the third highest incidence of serious injury, after motor sports and power boating.",
"In Greece, an analysis of a national registry estimated the incidence of equestrian injury to be 21 per 100,000 person-years for farming and equestrian sports combined, and 160 times higher for horse racing personnel.",
"Other findings were that use of spurs may contribute to ankle fractures and dislocations, and helmets likely prevent traumatic brain injuries.",
"In the United States each year an estimated 30 million people ride horses, resulting in 50,000 emergency room visits (1 visit per 600 riders per year).",
"A survey of 679 equestrians in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho estimated that at some time in their equestrian career one in five will be seriously injured, resulting in hospitalization, surgery, or long-term disability.",
"Among survey respondents, novice equestrians had an incidence of any injury that was threefold over intermediates, fivefold over advanced equestrians, and nearly eightfold over professionals.",
"Approximately 100 hours of experience are required to achieve a substantial decline in the risk of injury.",
"The survey authors conclude that efforts to prevent equestrian injury should focus on novice equestrians."
] |
[] |
Abstract
|
What did the film "The Act of Killing" win at the BAFTAs?
|
The Act of Killing
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
5
] |
[
"The Act of Killing (, meaning \"Butcher\") is a 2012 documentary film directed by Joshua Oppenheimer, and co-directed by Christine Cynn and an anonymous Indonesian.",
"It is a Danish-British-Norwegian co-production, presented by Final Cut for Real in Denmark and produced by Signe Byrge Sørensen.",
"The executive producers were Werner Herzog, Errol Morris, Joram ten Brink, and Andre Singer.",
"It is a Docwest project of the University of Westminster.",
"It won the 2013 European Film Award for Best Documentary, the Asia Pacific Screen Award, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 86th Academy Awards.",
"\"The Act of Killing\" won best documentary at the 2014 BAFTA awards.",
"In accepting the award, Oppenheimer asserted that the United States and the United Kingdom have \"collective responsibility\" for \"participating in and ignoring\" the crimes, which was omitted from the video BAFTA posted online.",
"After a screening for US Congress members, Oppenheimer demanded that the US acknowledge its role in the killings."
] |
[
0
] |
Painting and photography
|
Christoffer Wilhelm Exkersberg taught at what location?
|
Denmark
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
2
] |
[
"While Danish art was influenced over the centuries by trends in Germany and the Netherlands, the 15th- and 16th-century church frescos, which can be seen in many of the country's older churches, are of particular interest as they were painted in a style typical of native Danish painters.",
"The Danish Golden Age, which began in the first half of the 19th century, was inspired by a new feeling of nationalism and romanticism.",
"Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg was not only a productive artist in his own right but taught at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts where his students included notable painters such as Wilhelm Bendz, Christen Købke, Martinus Rørbye, Constantin Hansen, and Wilhelm Marstrand.",
"The sculpture of Bertel Thorvaldsen was also significant during this period.",
"In 1871, Holger Drachmann and Karl Madsen visited Skagen in the far north of Jutland where they quickly built up one of Scandinavia's most successful artists' colonies specializing in Naturalism and Realism rather than in the traditional approach favoured by the Academy.",
"Hosted by Michael and his wife Anna, they were soon joined by P.S.",
"Krøyer, Carl Locher and Laurits Tuxen.",
"All participated in painting the natural surroundings and local people.",
"Similar trends developed on Funen with the \"Fynboerne\" who included Johannes Larsen, Fritz Syberg and Peter Hansen, and on the island of Bornholm with the Bornholm school of painters including Niels Lergaard, Kræsten Iversen and Oluf Høst.",
"Danish photography has developed from strong participation and interest in the very beginnings of the art in 1839 to the success of a considerable number of Danes in the world of photography today.",
"Pioneers such as Mads Alstrup and Georg Emil Hansen paved the way for a rapidly growing profession during the last half of the 19th century while both artistic and press photographers made internationally recognised contributions.",
"Today Danish photographers such as Astrid Kruse Jensen and Jacob Aue Sobol are active both at home and abroad, participating in key exhibitions around the world.",
"Collections of modern art enjoy unusually attractive settings at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art north of Copenhagen and at the North Jutland Art Museum in Aalborg.",
"Notable artists include the Neo-Expressionist Per Kirkeby, Tal R with his wild and colorful paintings, Olafur Eliasson's space exhibitions and Jeppe Hein's installations."
] |
[
0
] |
Background
|
Who wrote the song Glad You Came?
|
Glad You Came
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
0
] |
[
"The song was written and produced by Steve Mac.",
"It serves as the second single from The Wanted's second album, \"Battleground\" which was released on 7 November 2011.",
"Band member Tom Parker said of the song, \"We all felt it was a new, refreshing sound and a perfect song for the summer which really gets you in the mood for a party.\"",
"The song premiered on the radio on 24 May 2011.",
"The song was also remixed by Alex Gaudino.",
"The American television series \"Glee\" covered the track in the episode \"On My Way\", which was aired during the third season.",
"It was performed at the Regionals competition between New Directions and the Dalton Academy Warblers.",
"Sebastian (Grant Gustin) leads the performance."
] |
[
3
] |
Composition and cooking method
|
Rendang is known for what spice blend?
|
Rendang
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
3
] |
[
"The cooking technique flourished because of its role in preserving meat in a tropical climate.",
"Rendang is rich in spices.",
"Along with the main meat ingredient, rendang uses coconut milk (Minangkabau: \"karambia\") and a paste of mixed ground spices, which includes ginger, galangal, turmeric leaves, lemon grass, garlic, shallot, chillies and other spices.",
"This spice mixture is called \"pemasak\" in Minangkabau.",
"The spices, garlic, shallot, ginger and galangal used in rendang have antimicrobial properties and serve as natural organic preservatives.",
"If cooked properly, dry rendang can last for as long as four weeks.",
"Traditional Padang rendang takes hours to cook.",
"Cooking rendang involves pounding and grinding ingredients as well as slow cooking, and so is time-consuming and requires patience.",
"The meat pieces are slowly cooked in coconut milk and spices until almost all the liquid is gone, allowing the meat to absorb the condiments.",
"The cooking process changes from boiling to frying as the liquid evaporates.",
"The slow cooking process allows the meat to absorb all the spices and to become tender.",
"To cook the meat until tender, with almost all liquids evaporated, requires great care, if the meat is not to burn or be spoiled.",
"Because of its generous use of numerous spices, rendang is known for having a complex and unique taste.",
"Rendang is often served with steamed rice, \"ketupat\" (a compressed rice cake), or \"lemang\" (glutinous rice barbecued in bamboo tubes), accompanied with vegetable side dishes such as boiled cassava leaf, \"cubadak\" (young jackfruit gulai), cabbage gulai, and \"lado\" (red or green chilli pepper sambal)."
] |
[
0
] |
Precipitation
|
When did Last Glacial Maximum happen?
|
Climate change
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
4
] |
[
"Past precipitation can be estimated in the modern era with the global network of precipitation gauges.",
"Surface coverage over oceans and remote areas is relatively sparse, but, reducing reliance on interpolation, satellite data has been available since the 1970s.",
"Quantification of climatological variation of precipitation in prior centuries and epochs is less complete but approximated using proxies such as marine sediments, ice cores, cave stalagmites, and tree rings.",
"Climatological temperatures substantially affect precipitation.",
"For instance, during the Last Glacial Maximum of 18,000 years ago, thermal-driven evaporation from the oceans onto continental landmasses was low, causing large areas of extreme desert, including polar deserts (cold but with low rates of precipitation).",
"In contrast, the world's climate was wetter than today near the start of the warm Atlantic Period of 8000 years ago.",
"Estimated global land precipitation increased by approximately 2% over the course of the 20th century, though the calculated trend varies if different time endpoints are chosen, complicated by ENSO and other oscillations, including greater global land precipitation in the 1950s and 1970s than the later 1980s and 1990s despite the positive trend over the century overall.",
"Similar slight overall increase in global river runoff and in average soil moisture has been perceived."
] |
[
2
] |
Accolades
|
Was Shrek ever nominated for a BAFTA award?
|
Shrek
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
6
] |
[
"At the 74th Academy Awards, \"Shrek\" won the first ever Academy Award For Best Animated Feature, beating \"Monsters, Inc.\" and \"\".",
"\"Entertainment Weekly\" put it on its end-of-the-decade, \"best-of\" list, saying, \"Prince Charming?",
"So last millennium.",
"This decade, fairy-tale fans — and Princess Fiona — fell for a fat and flatulent Ogre.",
"Now, that's progress.\"",
"It was nominated for The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.",
"\"Shrek\" was also nominated for 6 BAFTA Award, including the BAFTA Award for Best Film.",
"Eddie Murphy became the first actor to ever receive a BAFTA nomination for a voice-over performance.",
"The film was also nominated for Best Visual Effects, Best Sound, Best Film Music, and won the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.",
"\"Shrek\" was nominated for a dozen Annie Awards from ASIFA-Hollywood, and won eight Annies including Best Animated Feature and Outstanding Individual Achievement for Directing in an Animated Feature Production.",
"In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its \"Ten top Ten\"; the best ten films in ten \"classic\" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community \"Shrek\" was acknowledged as the eighth best film in the animated genre, and the only non-Disney·Pixar film in the Top 10.",
"\"Shrek\" was also ranked second in a Channel 4 poll of the \"100 Greatest Family Films\", losing out on the top spot to \"E.T.",
"the Extra-Terrestrial\".",
"In 2005, \"Shrek\" came sixth in Channel 4's 100 Greatest Cartoons poll behind \"The Simpsons\", \"Tom and Jerry\", \"South Park\", \"Toy Story\" and \"Family Guy\".",
"In November 2009, the character, Lord Farquaad, was listed #14 in IGN UK's \"Top 15 Fantasy Villains\".",
"In 2006, it was ranked third on Bravo's 100 funniest films list.",
"American Film Institute recognition:",
" AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:",
"* Shrek - Nominated Hero",
" AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:",
"* I'm a Believer - Nominated",
" AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) - Nominated",
" AFI's 10 Top 10 - #8 Animated film"
] |
[] |
International body
|
During which season is handball featured in Olympics?
|
Handball
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
7
] |
[
"The International Handball Federation (IHF) is the administrative and controlling body for international handball.",
"The federation organizes world championships, held in uneven years, with separate competitions for men and women.",
"The IHF World Men's Handball Championship 2009 and 2011 title holders were France; the 2013 title holders are Spain.",
"The IHF World Women's Handball Championship 2009 title holders were Russia; the IHF 2011 Women’s World Championship title holders are Norway.",
"The IHF 2013 Women’s World Championship will be hosted in Serbia, December 6–22.",
"The IHF is composed of five continental federations which organize continental championships held every other second year.",
"In addition to these competitions between national teams, the federations arrange international tournaments between club teams.",
"The federations and their corresponding tournaments and members are summarize in the following table:Handball is an Olympic sport played during the Summer Olympics.",
"It is also played during the Pan American Games, All-Africa Games, and Asian Games.",
"It is also played on Mediterranean games."
] |
[] |
Japanese war crimes on the march to Nanking
|
What was the contest between two officers about?
|
Nanking Massacre
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
8,
7
] |
[
"Approach of the Imperial Japanese Army.",
"Japanese war crimes on the march to Nanking.",
"Although the Nanking Massacre is generally described as having occurred over a six-week period after the fall of Nanking, the crimes committed by the Japanese army were not limited to that period.",
"Many atrocities were reported to have been committed as the Japanese army advanced from Shanghai to Nanking.",
"According to one Japanese journalist embedded with Imperial forces at the time, \"The reason that the Army is advancing to Nanking quite rapidly is due to the tacit consent among the officers and men that they could loot and rape as they wish.",
"\"Novelist Ishikawa Tatsuzo vividly described how the 16th Division of the Shanghai Expeditionary Force committed atrocities on the march between Shanghai and Nanking in his novel \"Ikiteiru Heitai\" (Living Soldiers), which was based on interviews that Tatsuzo conducted with troops in Nanking in January 1938.",
"Perhaps the most notorious atrocity was a killing contest between two Japanese officers as reported in the \"Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun\" and the English language \"Japan Advertiser\".",
"The contest— a race between the two officers (later executed for wartime atrocities) to see which of them could kill 100 people first using only a sword— was covered much like a sporting event with regular updates on the score over a series of days.",
"In Japan, the veracity of the newspaper article about the contest was the subject of ferocious debate for several decades starting in 1967.",
"In 2000, a historian concurred with certain Japanese scholars who had argued that the contest was a concocted story, with the collusion of the soldiers themselves for the purpose of raising the national fighting spirit.",
"In 2005, a Tokyo district judge dismissed a suit by the families of the lieutenants, stating that \"the lieutenants admitted the fact that they raced to kill 100 people\" and that the story cannot be proven to be clearly false.",
"The judge also ruled against the civil claim of the plaintiffs because the original article was more than 60 years old.",
"The historicity of the event remains disputed in Japan."
] |
[
0
] |
Gorbachev reforms
|
Glasnost was intended to reduce the corruption at the top of which party?
|
Cold War
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
9
] |
[
"Final years (1985–91).",
"Gorbachev reforms.",
"By the time the comparatively youthful Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary in 1985, the Soviet economy was stagnant and faced a sharp fall in foreign currency earnings as a result of the downward slide in oil prices in the 1980s.",
"These issues prompted Gorbachev to investigate measures to revive the ailing state.",
"An ineffectual start led to the conclusion that deeper structural changes were necessary and in June 1987 Gorbachev announced an agenda of economic reform called \"perestroika\", or restructuring.",
"Perestroika relaxed the production quota system, allowed private ownership of businesses and paved the way for foreign investment.",
"These measures were intended to redirect the country's resources from costly Cold War military commitments to more productive areas in the civilian sector.",
"Despite initial skepticism in the West, the new Soviet leader proved to be committed to reversing the Soviet Union's deteriorating economic condition instead of continuing the arms race with the West.",
"Partly as a way to fight off internal opposition from party cliques to his reforms, Gorbachev simultaneously introduced \"glasnost\", or openness, which increased freedom of the press and the transparency of state institutions.",
"\"Glasnost\" was intended to reduce the corruption at the top of the Communist Party and moderate the abuse of power in the Central Committee.",
"Glasnost also enabled increased contact between Soviet citizens and the western world, particularly with the United States, contributing to the accelerating détente between the two nations."
] |
[] |
The term "chemotherapy"
|
What year was the first chemotherapeutic agent discovered?
|
Chemotherapy
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
3
] |
[
"Chemotherapy is described in one dictionary entry as \"the treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs.\"",
"The word \"chemotherapy\" without a modifier usually refers to cancer treatment, but its historical meaning is broader.",
"The term was historically used for non-oncological references, such as the use of antibiotics (\"antibacterial chemotherapy\").",
"The first modern chemotherapeutic agent was arsphenamine, an arsenic compound discovered in 1909 and used to treat syphilis.",
"This was later followed by sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) and penicillin.",
"Other uses that have been termed chemotherapy are the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis."
] |
[
0
] |
Plate tectonics
|
What determines the geometry of the oceans?
|
Climate change
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
2
] |
[
"Over the course of millions of years, the motion of tectonic plates reconfigures global land and ocean areas and generates topography.",
"This can affect both global and local patterns of climate and atmosphere-ocean circulation.",
"The position of the continents determines the geometry of the oceans and therefore influences patterns of ocean circulation.",
"The locations of the seas are important in controlling the transfer of heat and moisture across the globe, and therefore, in determining global climate.",
"A recent example of tectonic control on ocean circulation is the formation of the Isthmus of Panama about 5 million years ago, which shut off direct mixing between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.",
"This strongly affected the ocean dynamics of what is now the Gulf Stream and may have led to Northern Hemisphere ice cover.",
"During the Carboniferous period, about 300 to 360 million years ago, plate tectonics may have triggered large-scale storage of carbon and increased glaciation.",
"Geologic evidence points to a \"megamonsoonal\" circulation pattern during the time of the supercontinent Pangaea, and climate modeling suggests that the existence of the supercontinent was conducive to the establishment of monsoons.",
"The size of continents is also important.",
"Because of the stabilizing effect of the oceans on temperature, yearly temperature variations are generally lower in coastal areas than they are inland.",
"A larger supercontinent will therefore have more area in which climate is strongly seasonal than will several smaller continents or islands."
] |
[
0
] |
By composition
|
What is included in composite particles?
|
Subatomic particle
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
8
] |
[
"The elementary particles of the Standard Model include:",
"Six \"flavors\" of quarks: up, down, bottom, top, strange, and charm;",
"Six types of leptons: electron, electron neutrino, muon, muon neutrino, tau, tau neutrino;",
"Twelve gauge bosons (force carriers): the photon of electromagnetism, the three W and Z bosons of the weak force, and the eight gluons of the strong force;",
"The Higgs boson.",
"Various extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of an elementary graviton particle and many other elementary particles.",
"Composite subatomic particles (such as protons or atomic nuclei) are bound states of two or more elementary particles.",
"For example, a proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark, while the atomic nucleus of helium-4 is composed of two protons and two neutrons.",
"Composite particles include all hadrons: these include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons (such as pions and kaons)."
] |
[
0
] |
Delivery
|
How often does the curling stone turn?
|
Curling
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
22
] |
[
"The process of sliding a stone down the sheet is known as the \"delivery\".",
"The \"skip\", or the captain of the team, will usually determine the required \"weight\", \"turn\", and \"line\" of the stone.",
"These will be influenced by the tactics at this point in the game, which may involve taking-out, blocking or tapping another stone.",
" The weight of the stone is its velocity, which depends on the leg drive of the delivery rather than the arm.",
" The turn, handle, or curl is the rotation of the stone, which gives it a curved trajectory.",
" The line is the direction of the throw ignoring the effect of the \"turn\".",
"The skip may communicate the \"weight\", \"turn\", \"line,\" and other tactics by calling or tapping a broom on the ice.",
"In the case of a takeout, guard, or a tap, the skip will indicate the stones involved.",
"Before delivery, the running surface of the stone is wiped clean and the path across the ice swept with the broom if necessary, because any dirt on the bottom of a stone or in its path can alter the trajectory and ruin the shot.",
"Intrusion by a foreign object is called a \"pick up\" or \"pick\".",
"The thrower throws from the \"hack\".",
"Another player, usually the skip, is stationed behind the \"button\" to determine the tactics, \"weight\", \"turn\", and \"line\", and the other two may sweep in front of the stone to influence the trajectory (see Sweeping, below).",
"The players, with the exception of the skip, take turns throwing and sweeping; when one player (e.g., the lead) throws, the players not throwing (the second and third) sweep.",
"When the skip throws, the \"third\", or vice-skip, takes his role.",
"The thrower's \"gripper\" shoe (with the non-slippery sole) is positioned against one of the hacks; for a right-handed curler the right foot is placed against the left hack and vice-versa for a left-hander.",
"The thrower, now \"in the hack\", lines the body up with shoulders square to the skip's broom at the far end for \"line\".",
"The stone is placed in front of the foot now in the hack.",
"Rising slightly from the hack, the thrower pulls the stone back to the toe (some older curlers may actually raise the stone in this backward movement) then lunges smoothly out from the hack pushing the stone ahead while the slider foot is moved in front of the gripper foot, which trails behind.",
"The thrust from this lunge determines the \"weight\" and hence the distance the stone will travel.",
"While not compulsory, most curlers deliver the stone while sliding out from the hack.",
"Balance may be assisted by a broom held in the free hand with the back of the broom down so that it slides.",
"The stone is released as the thrower's momentum wanes, or the hog line is approached, at which point the \"turn\" is imparted by a slight clockwise or anti-clockwise twist of the handle from around the two or ten o'clock position to the twelve o'clock on release.",
"A typical rate of turn is about 2½ rotations before coming to a rest.",
"The stone must be released before its front edge crosses the near hog line, and it must clear the far hog line or else be removed from play (\"hogged\"); an exception is made if a stone fails to come to rest beyond the far hog line after rebounding from a stone in play just past the hog line.",
"The release rule is rarely enforced in club play unless abuse is suspected.",
"However, in major tournaments it is strictly enforced; the \"eye on the hog\" sensor in the stone will indicate whether the stone has been legally thrown or not.",
"The lights on the stone handle will either light up green, indicating that the stone has been legally thrown, or red, in which case the illegally thrown stone will be immediately pulled from play instead of waiting for the stone to come to rest."
] |
[
5
] |
Literature
|
What period of time does Arabic writing go back to?
|
Tunisia
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
1
] |
[
"Tunisian literature exists in two forms: Arabic and French.",
"Arabic literature dates back to the 7th century with the arrival of Arab civilization in the region.",
"It is more important in both volume and value than French literature, introduced during the French protectorate from 1881.",
"Among the literary figures include Ali Douagi, who has produced more than 150 radio stories, over 500 poems and folk songs and nearly 15 plays, Khraief Bashir, an Arabic novelist who published many notable books in the 1930s and which caused a scandal because the dialogues were written in Tunisian dialect, and others such as Moncef Ghachem, Mohamed Salah Ben Mrad or Mahmoud Messaadi.",
"As for poetry, Tunisian poetry typically opts for nonconformity and innovation with poets such as Aboul-Qacem Echebbi.",
"As for literature in French, it is characterized by its critical approach.",
"Contrary to the pessimism of Albert Memmi, who predicted that literature Tunisian was sentenced to die young, a high number of Tunisian writers are abroad including Abdelwahab Meddeb, Bakri Tahar, Mustapha Tlili, Hele Beji or Mellah Fawzi.",
"The themes of wandering, exile and heartbreak are the focus of their creative writing.",
"The national bibliography lists 1249 non-school books published in 2002 in Tunisia, with 885 titles in Arabic.",
"In 2006 this figure had increased to 1,500 and 1,700 in 2007.",
"Nearly a third of the books are published for children."
] |
[
0
] |
Sustainability
|
When was the scientific study that found that if current trends continue all fish stocks will collapse within fifty years published?
|
Seafood
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
2
] |
[
"Research into population trends of various species of seafood is pointing to a global collapse of seafood species by 2048.",
"Such a collapse would occur due to pollution and overfishing, threatening oceanic ecosystems, according to some researchers.",
"A major international scientific study released in November 2006 in the journal \"Science\" found that about one-third of all fishing stocks worldwide have collapsed (with a collapse being defined as a decline to less than 10% of their maximum observed abundance), and that if current trends continue all fish stocks worldwide will collapse within fifty years.",
"In July 2009, Boris Worm of Dalhousie University, the author of the November 2006 study in \"Science,\" co-authored an update on the state of the world's fisheries with one of the original study's critics, Ray Hilborn of the University of Washington at Seattle.",
"The new study found that through good fisheries management techniques even depleted fish stocks can be revived and made commercially viable again.",
"The FAO State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2004 report estimates that in 2003, of the main fish stocks or groups of resources for which assessment information is available, \"approximately one-quarter were overexploited, depleted or recovering from depletion (16%, 7% and 1% respectively) and needed rebuilding.",
"\"The National Fisheries Institute, a trade advocacy group representing the United States seafood industry, disagree.",
"They claim that currently observed declines in fish population are due to natural fluctuations and that enhanced technologies will eventually alleviate whatever impact humanity is having on oceanic life."
] |
[
2
] |
Insect anatomy
|
What are the anatomical details of an insect?
|
Anatomy
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0,
1,
2,
3,
4
] |
[
"Insects possess segmented bodies supported by a hard-jointed outer covering made mostly of chitin.",
"The segments of the body are organized into three distinct parts, a head, a thorax and an abdomen.",
"The head typically bears a pair of sensory antennae, a pair of compound eyes, one to three simple eyes (ocelli) and three sets of modified appendages that form the mouthparts.",
"The thorax has three pairs of segmented legs, one pair each for the three segments that compose the thorax and one or two pairs of wings.",
"The abdomen is composed of eleven segments, some of which may be fused and houses the digestive, respiratory, excretory and reproductive systems.",
"There is considerable variations between species and many adaptations to the body parts, especially wings, legs, antennae and mouthparts."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
When did the video to Somebody that I used to Know premier?
|
Somebody That I Used to Know
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
16
] |
[
"\"Somebody That I Used to Know\" is a song written and recorded by Belgian-Australian singer-songwriter Gotye, featuring New Zealand singer/guitarist Kimbra.",
"The song was released in Australia and New Zealand by on 5 July 2011 as the second single from Gotye's third studio album, \"Making Mirrors\" (2011).",
"It was later released by Universal Music in December 2011 in the United Kingdom, and in January 2012 in the United States and Ireland.",
"\"Somebody That I Used To Know\" was written and recorded by Gotye at his parents' house on the Mornington Peninsula in Victoria and is lyrically related to the experiences he has had with relationships.",
"\"Somebody That I Used to Know\" is a mid-tempo, indie pop ballad.",
"It samples Luiz Bonfá's song \"Seville\" from his 1967 album \"Luiz Bonfa Plays Great Songs\".",
"The song received positive reception from critics, who noted the similarities between the song and works by Sting, Peter Gabriel and American folk band Bon Iver.",
"The song won the Triple J Hottest 100 poll at the end of 2011, as well as ARIA Awards for song of the year and best video, while Kimbra was voted best female artist and Gotye was named best male artist and producer of the year.",
"In 2013 the song won two Grammy Awards for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and Record of the Year, and came ninth in the Triple J Hottest 100 of the Past 20 Years, 2013.",
"Commercially, \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" became Gotye's most successful and signature song.",
"It topped the US, UK, Australian as well as 23 other national charts, and reached the top 10 in more than 30 countries around the world.",
"The song has sold more than 13 million copies worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling digital singles of all time.",
"It was also placed at the top of a number of year-end charts by \"Billboard Magazine\" (including the Hot 100, Adult Pop Songs, and Alternative Songs) and other record chart companies around the world.",
"\"Somebody That I Used To Know\" has been performed several times live on shows such as \"The Voice\", \"American Idol\" and \"Saturday Night Live\".",
"It was covered by Canadian indie rock group Walk off the Earth using a single guitar played simultaneously by all five band members.",
"The original single's accompanying music video was directed by Natasha Pincus.",
"The video premiered on 30 July 2011 and shows Gotye and Kimbra naked against a white backdrop, and while they sing, a pattern of paint gradually covers his skin and the backdrop via stop motion animation."
] |
[
2
] |
Tea trade to 1767
|
Where was the biggest market for illicit tea?
|
Boston Tea Party
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
8
] |
[
"As Europeans developed a taste for tea in the 17th century, rival companies were formed to import the product from China.",
"In England, Parliament gave the East India Company a monopoly on the importation of tea in 1698.",
"When tea became popular in the British colonies, Parliament sought to eliminate foreign competition by passing an act in 1721 that required colonists to import their tea only from Great Britain.",
"The East India Company did not export tea to the colonies; by law, the company was required to sell its tea wholesale at auctions in England.",
"British firms bought this tea and exported it to the colonies, where they resold it to merchants in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston.",
"Until 1767, the East India Company paid an \"ad valorem\" tax of about 25% on tea that it imported into Great Britain.",
"Parliament laid additional taxes on tea sold for consumption in Britain.",
"These high taxes, combined with the fact that tea imported into Holland was not taxed by the Dutch government, meant that Britons and British Americans could buy smuggled Dutch tea at much cheaper prices.",
"The biggest market for illicit tea was England—by the 1760s the East India Company was losing £400,000 per year to smugglers in Great Britain—but Dutch tea was also smuggled into British America in significant quantities.",
"In 1767, to help the East India Company compete with smuggled Dutch tea, Parliament passed the Indemnity Act, which lowered the tax on tea consumed in Great Britain, and gave the East India Company a refund of the 25% duty on tea that was re-exported to the colonies.",
"To help offset this loss of government revenue, Parliament also passed the Townshend Revenue Act of 1767, which levied new taxes, including one on tea, in the colonies.",
"Instead of solving the smuggling problem, however, the Townshend duties renewed a controversy about Parliament's right to tax the colonies."
] |
[
4
] |
Abstract
|
In how many countries is the world's most popular sport played?
|
Association football
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
1,
2
] |
[
"Association football, commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.",
"It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries, making it the world's most popular sport.",
"The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.",
"The object of the game is to score by using any part of the body besides the arms and hands to get the football into the opposing goal.",
"The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and then only in their penalty area.",
"Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may use their head or torso to strike the ball instead.",
"The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins.",
"If the score is tied at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition.",
"The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863.",
"Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; ) which organises a World Cup every four years."
] |
[
5
] |
Color pigments
|
What causes the yellow and orange colors of fruits and vegetables?
|
Vegetable
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
3
] |
[
"The green color of leaf vegetables is due to the presence of the green pigment chlorophyll.",
"Chlorophyll is affected by the pH, and it changes to olive green in acid conditions, and to bright green in alkaline conditions.",
"Some of the acids are released in steam during cooking, particularly if cooked without a cover.",
"The yellow/orange colors of fruits and vegetables are due to the presence of carotenoids, which are also affected by normal cooking processes or changes in pH.",
"The red/blue coloring of some fruits and vegetables (e.g., blackberries and red cabbage) are due to anthocyanins, which are sensitive to changes in pH.",
"When the pH is neutral, the pigments are purple, when acidic, red, and when alkaline, blue.",
"These pigments are quite water-soluble.",
"This property can be used in rudimentary testing of pH."
] |
[
0
] |
Cinema and media
|
In what year was Maria Candelaria awarded the Palme d'Or?
|
Mexico
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
2
] |
[
"Mexican films from the Golden Age in the 1940s and 1950s are the greatest examples of Latin American cinema, with a huge industry comparable to the Hollywood of those years.",
"Mexican films were exported and exhibited in all of Latin America and Europe.",
"Maria Candelaria (1944) by Emilio Fernández, was one of the first films awarded a Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1946, the first time the event was held after World War II.",
"The famous Spanish-born director Luis Buñuel realized in Mexico, between 1947 to 1965 some of him master pieces like Los Olvidados (1949), Viridiana (1961) and El angel exterminador (1963).",
"Famous actors and actresses from this period include María Félix, Pedro Infante, Dolores del Río, Jorge Negrete and the comedian Cantinflas.",
"More recently, films such as Como agua para chocolate (1992), Cronos (1993), Y tu mamá también (2001), and Pan's Labyrinth (2006) have been successful in creating universal stories about contemporary subjects, and were internationally recognised, as in the prestigious Cannes Film Festival.",
"Mexican directors Alejandro González Iñárritu (Amores perros, Babel), Alfonso Cuarón (Children of Men, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban), Guillermo del Toro, Carlos Carrera (The Crime of Father Amaro), and screenwriter Guillermo Arriaga are some of the most known present-day film makers.",
"Two of the major television networks based in Mexico are Televisa and TV Azteca.",
"Televisa is also the largest producer of Spanish-language content in the world and also the world's largest Spanish-language media network.",
"Grupo Multimedios is another media conglomerate with Spanish-language broadcasting in Mexico, Spain, and the United States.",
"The \"telenovelas\" are very traditional in Mexico and are translated to many languages and seen all over the world with renowned names like Verónica Castro, Lucía Méndez, Lucero, and Thalía."
] |
[
0
] |
DVD and streaming video
|
How many episodes did the Season 1 DVD of Parks and Recreation have?
|
Parks and Recreation
| false | 1TV
|
[
1
] |
[
"The first season of \"Parks and Recreation\" was released on DVD in region 1 on September 8, 2009.",
"The DVD included all six episodes, as well as an \"Extended Producer's Cut\" of the season finale, \"Rock Show\".",
"The disc also included cast and crew commentary tracks for each episode, as well as about 30 minutes of deleted scenes.",
"The second season was released in a four-disc set in region 1 on November 30, 2010.",
"They included extended episodes for \"The Master Plan\" and \"Freddy Spaghetti\", as well as two-and-a-half hours of deleted scenes, a third season preview and additional video clips.",
"Audio commentaries were recorded for the episodes \"Sister City\", \"Ron and Tammy\", \"Hunting Trip\", \"Woman of the Year\", \"The Master Plan\" and \"Freddy Spaghetti\".",
"\"Parks and Recreation\" can be viewed on the streaming video service Hulu, as well as the \"Instant Watch\" streaming feature of Netflix and Amazon Prime.",
"Individual episodes can also be purchased on the Apple Inc. digital media iTunes Store and viewed on an NBC mobile browser on the iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad."
] |
[
5
] |
Plants
|
How much sunlight do north-facing slopes receive compared to other slopes?
|
Grand Canyon
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
11
] |
[
"Biology and ecology.",
"There are approximately 1,737 known species of vascular plants, 167 species of fungi, 64 species of moss and 195 species of lichen found in Grand Canyon National Park.",
"This variety is largely due to the 8,000 foot elevation change from the Colorado River up to the highest point on the North Rim.",
"Grand Canyon boasts a dozen endemic plants (known only within the Park's boundaries) while only ten percent of the Park's flora is exotic.",
"Sixty-three plants found here have been given special status by the U.S.",
"Fish and Wildlife Service.",
"The Mojave Desert influences the western sections of the canyon, Sonoran Desert vegetation covers the eastern sections, and ponderosa and pinyon pine forests grow on both rims.",
"Natural seeps and springs percolating out of the canyon walls are home to 11% of all the plant species found in the Grand Canyon.",
"The Canyon itself can act as a connection between the east and the west by providing corridors of appropriate habitat along its length.",
"The canyon can also be a genetic barrier to some species, like the Tassel-eared squirrel.",
"The aspect, or direction a slope faces, also plays a major role in adding diversity to the Grand Canyon.",
"North-facing slopes receive about one-third the normal amount of sunlight, so plants growing there are similar to plants found at higher elevations, or in more northern latitudes.",
"The south-facing slopes receive the full amount of sunlight and are covered in vegetation typical of the Sonoran Desert."
] |
[
5
] |
First version
|
Where did Van Gogh live when he began the first version of 'Bedroom in Arles'?
|
Bedroom in Arles
| true | 3ART
|
[
0
] |
[
"Van Gogh started the first version during mid October 1888 while staying in Arles, and explained his aims and means to his brother Theo:",
"\"This time it simply reproduces my bedroom; but colour must be abundant in this part, its simplification adding a rank of grandee to the style applied to the objects, getting to suggest a certain rest or dream.",
"Well, I have thought that on watching the composition we stop thinking and imagining.",
"I have painted the walls pale violet.",
"The ground with checked material.",
"The wooden bed and the chairs, yellow like fresh butter; the sheet and the pillows, lemon light green.",
"The bedspread, scarlet coloured.",
"The window, green.",
"The washbasin, orangey; the tank, blue.",
"The doors, lilac.",
"And, that is all.",
"There is not anything else in this room with closed shutters.",
"The square pieces of furniture must express unswerving rest; also the portraits on the wall, the mirror, the bottle, and some costumes.",
"The white colour has not been applied to the picture, so its frame will be white, aimed to get me even with the compulsory rest recommended for me.",
"I have depicted no type of shade or shadow; I have only applied simple plain colours, like those in crêpes.",
"\"",
"Van Gogh included sketches of the composition in this letter as well as in a letter to Gauguin, written slightly later.",
"This version has on the wall to the right miniatures of Van Gogh's portraits of his friends Eugène Boch and Paul-Eugène Milliet.",
"The portrait of Eugène Boch is called \"The Poet\" and the portrait of Paul Eugène Milliet is called \"The Lover.\""
] |
[
2,
4
] |
Malay theory
|
What is a word for fermented savory sauce in Indonesian cuisine?
|
Ketchup
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
2
] |
[
"Ketchup may have entered the English language from the Malay word \"kicap\" (pron.",
"\"kichap\", also spelled \"kecap\", \"ketjap\"), originally meaning \"fish sauce\", which itself may be a loan from Chinese terms above.",
"In Indonesian cuisine, which is similar to Malay, the term \"kecap\" or \"ketjap\" refers to fermented savory sauces.",
"Two main types are well known in their cuisine: \"kecap asin\" which translates to 'salty kecap' in Indonesian (a salty soy sauce) and \"kecap manis\" or literally 'sweet kecap' in Indonesian.",
"Kecap manis is a sweet soy sauce that is a mixture of soy sauce with brown sugar, molasses, garlic, ginger, anise, coriander and a bay leaf reduced over medium heat until rather syrupy.",
"A third type, \"kecap ikan\", meaning \"fish kecap\" is fish sauce similar to the Thai \"Nam Pla\" or the Philippine \"Patis.\"",
"It is not, however, soy-based."
] |
[
0
] |
Ireland
|
At the point when did Henry expect the title of King of Ireland?
|
Dissolution of the Monasteries
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
5
] |
[
"The dissolutions in Ireland followed a very different course from those in England and Wales.",
"There were around 400 religious houses in Ireland in 1530—many more, relative to population and material wealth than in England and Wales.",
"In marked distinction to the situation in England, in Ireland the houses of friars had flourished in the 15th century, attracting popular support and financial endowments, undertaking many ambitious building schemes, and maintaining a regular conventual and spiritual life.",
"They constituted around half of the total number of religious houses.",
"Irish monasteries, by contrast, had experienced a catastrophic decline in numbers, such that by the 16th century only a minority maintained the daily observance of the Divine Office.",
"Henry's direct authority, as Lord of Ireland and from 1541 as King of Ireland, only extended to the area of the Pale immediately around Dublin.",
"Outside this area, he could only proceed by tactical agreement with clan chiefs and local lords.",
"Nevertheless, Henry was determined to carry through a policy of dissolution in Ireland—and in 1537 introduced legislation into the Irish Parliament to legalise the closure of monasteries.",
"The process faced considerable opposition, and only sixteen houses were suppressed.",
"Henry remained resolute however, and from 1541 as part of the Tudor conquest of Ireland he continued to press for the area of successful dissolution to be extended.",
"For the most part, this involved making deals with local lords, under which monastic property was granted away in exchange for allegiance to the new Irish Crown; and consequently Henry acquired little if any of the wealth of the Irish houses.",
"By the time of Henry's death (1547) around half of the Irish houses had been suppressed; but many continued to resist dissolution until well into the reign of Elizabeth I, and some houses in the West of Ireland remained active until the early 17th century.",
"In 1649, Oliver Cromwell led a Parliamentary army seeking to subjugate Ireland, and systematically sought out and destroyed former monastic houses.",
"Subsequently, however, sympathetic landowners housed monks or friars close to several ruined religious houses, allowing them a continued covert existence during the 17th and 18th centuries, subject to the dangers of discovery and legal ejection or imprisonment."
] |
[
2
] |
Preparation
|
How are fruit juices preserved?
|
Juice
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
5
] |
[
"Juice is prepared by mechanically squeezing or macerating fruit or vegetable flesh without the application of heat or solvents.",
"For example, orange juice is the liquid extract of the fruit of the orange tree, and tomato juice is the liquid that results from pressing the fruit of the tomato plant.",
"Juice may be prepared in the home from fresh fruit and vegetables using a variety of hand or electric juicers.",
"Juice is one of the most popular drinks to go with breakfast in the morning.",
"Many commercial juices are filtered to remove fiber or pulp, but high-pulp fresh orange juice is a popular beverage.",
"Common methods for preservation and processing of fruit juices include canning, pasteurization, concentrating, freezing, evaporation and spray drying."
] |
[
5
] |
Toronto International Film Festival
|
How did reviewer Todd McCarthy feel about Looper?
|
Looper (film)
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
3
] |
[
"James Mottram of \"Total Film\" gave \"Looper\" 5 stars out of 5, concluding that it was \"the best sci-fi movie since \"Moon\".",
"The best time-travel yarn since \"12 Monkeys\".",
"And one of the best films of 2012.",
"\"Todd McCarthy of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" gave the film a positive review, calling it \"an engaging, neatly worked-out time-travel sci-fi thriller\", but also criticizing the effects involved in making Gordon-Levitt resemble Willis: \"At first, the effect is a bit odd, and you can't quite put your finger on what's off; then it feels downright weird to be looking at a version of Gordon-Levitt who is no longer the actor you've known for a few years now.",
"\"Peter Debruge of \"Variety\" also gave the film a positive review, writing that writer-director Johnson's \"grandly conceived, impressively mounted third feature shows a giddy, geeky interest in science-fiction, then forces it into the back seat and lets the multidimensional characters drive.",
"In a genre infamous for loose ends, this thinking man's thriller marshals action, romance and a dose of very dark comedy toward a stunning payoff.\""
] |
[
5
] |
Critical response
|
Did Salvator Gravano have a nickname?
|
The Godfather
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
16
] |
[
"Since its release, \"The Godfather\" has received critical acclaim.",
"Rotten Tomatoes reports that all 77 critics gave the film a positive review, with an average score of 9.1/10.",
"Metacritic, another review aggregator, assigned the film a perfect weighted average score of 100 (out of 100) based on 14 reviews from mainstream critics, considered to be \"universal acclaim\".",
"Both \"The Godfather\" and \"The Godfather Part II\" were selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry in 1990 and 1993, respectively.",
"International critics routinely list these two among cinema's pinnacle achievements, sometimes considering them as one work.",
"In the decennial 2002 \"Sight & Sound\" poll of film directors, the pair was ranked as the second best film of all time.",
"The critics poll separately voted it fourth.",
"The American Film Institute has listed it second in U.S. film history behind \"Citizen Kane\".",
"Other polls and publications have it first, as well, among them \"Entertainment Weekly\", and \"Empire\" magazine (November 2008)The soundtrack's main theme by Nino Rota was also critically acclaimed; the main theme (\"Speak Softly Love\") is well-known and widely used (see Score Controversy for more information).",
"Director Stanley Kubrick believed that \"The Godfather\" was possibly the greatest movie ever made, and had without question the best cast.",
"Previous Mafia movies had looked at the gangs from the perspective of an outraged outsider.",
"In contrast, \"The Godfather\" presents the gangster's perspective of the Mafia as a response to corrupt society.",
"Although the Corleone family is presented as immensely rich and powerful, no scenes depict prostitution, gambling, loan sharking or other forms of racketeering.",
"Some critics argue that the setting of a criminal counterculture allows for unapologetic gender stereotyping, and is an important part of the film's appeal (\"You can act like a man!",
"\", Don Vito tells a weepy Johnny Fontane).",
"Real-life gangsters responded enthusiastically to the film, with many of them feeling it was a portrayal of how they were supposed to act.",
"Salvatore \"Sammy the Bull\" Gravano, the former underboss in the Gambino crime family, stated: \"I left the movie stunned ...",
"I mean I floated out of the theater.",
"Maybe it was fiction, but for me, then, that was our life.",
"It was incredible.",
"I remember talking to a multitude of guys, made guys, who felt exactly the same way. \"",
"According to Anthony Fiato after seeing the film, Patriarca crime family members Paulie Intiso and Nicky Giso altered their speech patterns closer to that of Vito Corleone's.",
"Intiso would frequently swear and use poor grammar; but after the movie came out, he started to articulate and philosophize more.",
"Remarking on the 40th anniversary of the film's release, film critic John Podhoretz praised \"The Godfather\" as \"arguably \"the\" great American work of popular art\" and \"the summa of all great moviemaking before it\".",
"Two years before, Roger Ebert wrote in his journal that it \"comes closest to being a film everyone agrees... is unquestionably great.\""
] |
[] |
Military
|
How long does a person have to serve full-time?
|
Thailand
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
12
] |
[
"The Royal Thai Armed Forces ( constitute the military of the Kingdom of Thailand.",
"They consist of the Royal Thai Army (กองทัพบกไทย), the Royal Thai Navy (กองทัพเรือไทย), and the Royal Thai Air Force (กองทัพอากาศไทย).",
"It also incorporates various paramilitary forces.",
"Currently, the Royal Thai Armed Forces has a combined manpower of about 800,000 personnel.",
"The Head of the Thai Armed Forces (จอมทัพไทย, \"Chom Thap Thai\") is King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), although this position is only nominal.",
"The Armed Forces is managed by the Ministry of Defence of Thailand, which is headed by the Minister of Defence (a member of the Cabinet of Thailand) and commanded by the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters, which in turn is headed by the Chief of Defence Forces of Thailand.",
"In 2011, Thailand's known military expenditure totalled approximately US$5.1 billion.",
"According to the constitution, serving in the Armed Forces is a duty of all Thai citizens.",
"However, only males over the age of 21, who have not gone through reserve training of the Army Reserve Force Students, are given the option of whether they want to volunteer for the armed forces, or choose the random draft.",
"The candidates are subjected to varying lengths of training, from six months to two years of full-time service, depending on their education, whether they have partially completed the reserve training course, and whether they volunteered prior to the drafting date (usually 1 April every year).",
"Candidates with a recognized bachelor's degree will be subjected to one year of full-time service if they chose the random draft, or six months if they volunteer at their respective district office (สัสดี, \"satsadi\").",
"Likewise, the training length is also reduced for those who have partially completed the three-year reserve training course (ร.ด., \"ro do\").",
"A person who completed one year out of three will only have to serve full-time for one year.",
"Those who completed two years of reserve training will only have to do six months of full-time training, while those who complete three years or more of reserve training will be exempted entirely.",
"The Royal Thai Armed Forces Day is celebrated on 18 January, commemorating the victory of King Naresuan the Great in battle against the Crown Prince of Burma in 1593."
] |
[
5
] |
Independence and monarchy
|
Romania become a kingdom in what year?
|
Romania
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
11
] |
[
"During the period of the Austro-Hungarian rule in Transylvania and Ottoman suzerainty over Wallachia and Moldavia, most Romanians were considered second-class citizens or even non-citizens in a territory where they formed the majority of the population.",
"Following the Wallachian uprising of 1821, more insurrections followed in 1848 in Wallachia as well as Moldavia.",
"The flag adopted for Wallachia by the revolutionaries was a blue-yellow-red horizontal tricolour (with blue above, in line with the meaning \"Liberty, Justice, Fraternity\"), while Romanian students in Paris hailed the new government with the same flag \"as a symbol of union between Moldavians and Muntenians\".",
"The same flag, with the tricolour being mounted vertically, would later on be officially adopted as the national flag of Romania.",
"After the failed 1848 Revolution, the Great Powers did not support the Romanians' expressed desire to officially unite in a one single state, which forced them to proceed alone with their struggle against the Ottomans.",
"The electors in both Moldavia and Wallachia chose in 1859 the same leader –Alexandru Ioan Cuza– to be their Ruling Prince (\"Domnitor\" in Romanian).",
"Thus, Romania was created as a personal union, albeit without including Transylvania.",
"There, the upper class and the aristocracy chose to remain under Hungarian rule, even though the Romanians were by far the most numerous ethnic Transylvanian group and constituted the absolute majority.",
"In an 1866 \"coup d'état\", Cuza was exiled and replaced by Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, who became known as Prince Carol I of Romania.",
"During the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War Romania fought on the Russian side, and as a result of it in the Treaty of San Stefano and the Treaty of Berlin, Romania was recognized as an independent state both by the Ottoman Empire and the Great Powers.",
"In return, Romania ceded the district of Bessarabia to Russia and acquired Dobruja.",
"In 1881, the principality was raised to a kingdom and Prince Carol became King Carol I of Romania.",
"The 1878–1914 period was one of stability and progress for Romania.",
"During the Second Balkan War, Romania joined Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Turkey against Bulgaria, and in the peace Treaty of Bucharest (1913) Romania gained Southern Dobruja."
] |
[
0
] |
Background
|
Is the painting signed "IVMeer" dated?
|
Girl with a Pearl Earring
| false | 3ART
|
[
0
] |
[
"The painting is signed \"IVMeer\" but not dated.",
"It is unclear whether this work was commissioned, and, if so, by whom.",
"In any case, it is probably not meant as a conventional portrait.",
"The image is a tronie, the Dutch 17th-century description of a ‘head’ that was not meant to be a portrait.",
"After the most recent restoration of the painting in 1994, the subtle color scheme and the intimacy of the girl’s gaze toward the viewer have been greatly enhanced.",
"During the restoration, it was discovered that the dark background, today somewhat mottled, was initially intended by the painter to be a deep enamel-like green.",
"This effect was produced by applying a thin transparent layer of paint, called a glaze, over the present-day black background.",
"However, the two organic pigments of the green glaze, indigo and weld, have faded.",
"On the advice of Victor de Stuers, who for years tried to prevent Vermeer's rare works from being sold to parties abroad, Arnoldus Andries des Tombe purchased the work at an auction in The Hague in 1881, for only two guilders and thirty cents.",
"At the time, it was in poor condition.",
"Des Tombe had no heirs and donated this and other paintings to the Mauritshuis in 1902.",
"In 1937, a very similar painting, \"Smiling Girl\", at the time also thought to be by Vermeer, was donated by collector Andrew W. Mellon to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. Now widely considered to be a fake, the painting was claimed by Vermeer expert Arthur Wheelock in a 1995 study to be by 20th-century artist and forger Theo van Wijngaarden, a friend of Han van Meegeren.",
"As part of a traveling exhibition while the Mauritshuis undertook construction, in 2012 the painting was exhibited in Japan at the National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, and in 2013-2014 the United States, where it was shown at the High Museum in Atlanta, the de Young Museum in San Francisco and in New York City at the Frick Collection.",
"Later in 2014 it was exhibited in Bologna, Italy."
] |
[] |
Curries of Maharashtra
|
Where in Maharashtra is peanut power added to the curries?
|
Curry
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
2
] |
[
"The curries of Maharashtra vary from mildly spicy to very spicy and include vegetarian, mutton, chicken and fish.",
"Coastal Maharashtrian – Konkani – curries use coconut extensively along with spices.",
"In western Maharashtra, curries are very spicy and groundnut (peanut) powder is often added to it.",
"Vidarbha's cuisine is usually spicier than that of the coastal and southern regions.",
"The ingredients commonly used are besan, or chickpea flour, and groundnut powder.",
"As a result of the long Islamic Moghul rule in the region, the cuisine of Aurangabad has been highly influenced by the North Indian method of cooking.",
"Khandeshi food is very spicy and the most famous dish is Shev bhaji.",
"Others include brinjal wange, che bharit, Udidachi dal, Bharleli wangi, thecha bhakari, and spicy mutton.",
"Most of the people are farmers so their traditional food is very simple."
] |
[
4
] |
Hull trim
|
What should be done to adjust a boat's landing in order to change it's fore-and-aft attitude while in the water?
|
Sailing
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"Hull trim is the adjustment of a boat's loading so as to change its fore-and-aft attitude in the water.",
"In small boats, it is done by positioning the crew.",
"In larger boats the weight of a person has less effect on the hull trim, but it can be adjusted by shifting gear, fuel, water, or supplies.",
"Different hull trim efforts are required for different kinds of boats and different conditions.",
"Here are just a few examples: In a lightweight racing dinghy like a Thistle, the hull should be kept level, on its designed water line for best performance in all conditions.",
"In many small boats, weight too far aft can cause drag by submerging the transom, especially in light to moderate winds.",
"Weight too far forward can cause the bow to dig into the waves.",
"In heavy winds, a boat with its bow too low may capsize by pitching forward over its bow (pitch-pole) or dive under the waves (submarine).",
"On a run in heavy winds, the forces on the sails tend to drive a boat's bow down, so the crew weight is moved far aft."
] |
[
0
] |
Live performances
|
When did Mariah Carey perform "All I Want for Christmas Is You" for the Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade?
|
All I Want for Christmas Is You
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
2
] |
[
"Carey has performed the song during concerts as well as live televised performances.",
"It was part of the set-list during the Japanese shows of Carey's Daydream World Tour (1996), Butterfly World Tour (1998), Rainbow World Tour (2000), (2002–03) (also sung during the December leg of the tour) and The Adventures of Mimi Tour (2006).",
"Additionally, Carey performed the song at the 2004 Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade, which aired on ABC.",
"Carey sang the So So Def remix version at the opening night of her Angels Advocate Tour on New Year's Eve.",
"On November 9, 2010, Carey taped a live Christmas Special featuring the song, which aired on December 13, 2010 on ABC.",
"Additionally, Carey performed the song alongside \"Oh Santa!\"",
"airing on ESPN and ABC throughout the day on Christmas Day of 2010.",
"On December 3, she performed both songs at the Walt Disney World Resort theme park, Magic Kingdom, in a performance that was taped and aired part of the Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade on ABC.",
"She performed them again in a music video promoting the day's NBA games that aired on both networks."
] |
[
2
] |
Consumption
|
How is popcorn often served in Peru?
|
Popcorn
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
7
] |
[
"Popcorn is commonly eaten in movie theaters.",
"This snack is usually served salted or sweetened.",
"In North America, it is traditionally served salted, often with butter or a butterlike topping, with toffee or spices.",
"However, sweetened versions, such as caramel corn and kettle corn, are also commonly available.",
"In the United Kingdom, ready-made popcorn is available either salted or simply sweetened with sugar.",
"Toffee (i.e.",
"caramel) popcorn is also available, but tends to be more expensive.",
"In Peru, popcorn is sometimes sweetened with small candy pellets and sweetened condensed milk, but its more often eaten with salt and the only buttered version known to any considerable degree is microwave popcorn.",
"In Mexico, popcorn is served with either jalapeño juice, hot sauce, cheese, butter, or salt.",
"Popcorn is a popular snack food at sporting events and in cinemas, where it has been served since 1914.",
"Popcorn as a breakfast cereal was consumed by Americans in the 1800s and generally consisted of popcorn with milk and a sweetener.",
"Popcorn balls (popped kernels stuck together with a sugary \"glue\") were hugely popular around the turn of the 20th century, but their popularity has since waned.",
"Popcorn balls are still served in some places as a traditional Halloween treat.",
"Cracker Jack is a popular, commercially produced candy that consists of peanuts mixed in with caramel-covered popcorn.",
"Kettle corn is a variation of normal popcorn, cooked with white sugar and salt, traditionally in a large copper kettle.",
"Once reserved for specialty shops and county fairs, kettle corn has recently become popular, especially in the microwave popcorn market.",
"The popcorn maker is a relatively new home appliance, and its popularity is increasing because it offers the opportunity to add flavours of the consumer's own choice and to choose healthy-eating popcorn styles.",
"Some popular brands of popcorn in the United States are Orville Redenbacher's, Act II, Jiffy Pop (all three of which are brands of the ConAgra Foods conglomerate), Pop Secret, Candy Land Gourmet, Jolly Time, Aussie Crunch, Newman's Own, Dale and Thomas and Pop Weaver."
] |
[
5
] |
Sirloin steak
|
The steaks can be grilled or what?
|
Steak
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
3
] |
[
"The sirloin steak is a portion of the sirloin part of the cow which is near the cow's rear, the nearer the meat is from the rear, the tenderer it is likely to be, like the rump steak.",
"Although there are two parts of the sirloin: upper sirloin is generally more expensive than the lower sirloin because it is more tender.",
"Sirloin steaks are often served at steakhouses and are often accompanied with French fries and vegetables such as broccoli, carrot or peas.",
"They are usually cooked by grilling or frying."
] |
[
0
] |
Grizzly Peak
|
Are there restaurants in the Grizzly Peak District?
|
Disney California Adventure
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
4
] |
[
"Grizzly Peak is themed around California's wilderness and national parks with particular references to Yosemite and Redwood national parks.",
"Its main attraction is Grizzly River Run, a Gold Rush-esque river rapids ride around the summit of Grizzly Peak.",
"Nearby is the Redwood Creek Challenge Trail; a playground area that includes a show featuring characters from Disney·Pixar's \"Up\".",
"A special entrance exclusive to guests of Disney's Grand Californian Hotel is located in this area.",
"There are also several restaurants in the Grizzly Peak district that are themed to California's farmland and heritage.",
"California-themed food and wine festivals are hosted in this area as well."
] |
[] |
Flick
|
What has the characteristics of being either a drive or a loop
|
Table tennis
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
2
] |
[
"When a player tries to attack a ball that has not bounced beyond the edge of the table, the player does not have the room to wind up in a \"backswing\".",
"The ball \"may still be attacked\", however, and the resulting shot is called a flick because the backswing is compressed into a quick wrist action.",
"A flick is not a single stroke and can resemble either a drive or a loop in its characteristics.",
"What identifies the stroke is the backswing is compressed into a short wrist flick."
] |
[
0
] |
Versions
|
What year did Dali paint "The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory" ?
|
The Persistence of Memory
| false | 3ART
|
[
0
] |
[
"Dalí returned to the theme of this painting with the variation \"The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory\" (1954), showing his earlier famous work systematically fragmenting into smaller component elements, and a series of rectangular blocks which reveal further imagery through the gaps between them, implying something beneath the surface of the original work; this work is now in the Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida, while the original \"Persistence of Memory\" remains at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.",
"Dalí also produced various lithographs and sculptures on the theme of soft watches late in his career.",
"Some of these sculptures are the \"Persistence of Memory\", the \"Nobility of Time\", the \"Profile of Time\" and the \"Three Dancing Watches\"."
] |
[
0
] |
Members of Congress
|
Who is the Democrat representing Maine?
|
The Invisible War
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
0
] |
[
" Chellie Pingree, (D, Maine)",
" Louise Slaughter (D, New York)",
" Mike Turner (R, Ohio)",
" Loretta Sanchez (D, California)",
" Jackie Speier (D, California)",
" Ted Poe (R, Texas)",
" Susan Davis, (D, California)",
" Niki Tsongas, (D, Massachusetts)"
] |
[
3
] |
Literature
|
In what century were Indian writers took a new interest in social questions and psychological descriptions?
|
India
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
6
] |
[
"The earliest literary writings in India, composed between 1400 BCE and 1200 CE, were in the Sanskrit language.",
"Prominent works of this Sanskrit literature include epics such as the \"Mahābhārata\" and the \"Ramayana\", the dramas of Kālidāsa such as the \"Abhijñānaśākuntalam\" (\"The Recognition of Śakuntalā\"), and poetry such as the \"Mahākāvya\".",
"Kamasutra, the famous book about sexual intercourse also originated in India.",
"Developed between 600 BCE and 300 CE in South India, the \"Sangam\" literature, consisting of 2,381 poems, is regarded as a predecessor of Tamil literature.",
"From the 14th to the 18th centuries, India's literary traditions went through a period of drastic change because of the emergence of devotional poets such as Kabīr, Tulsīdās, and Guru Nānak.",
"This period was characterised by a varied and wide spectrum of thought and expression; as a consequence, medieval Indian literary works differed significantly from classical traditions.",
"In the 19th century, Indian writers took a new interest in social questions and psychological descriptions.",
"In the 20th century, Indian literature was influenced by the works of Bengali poet and novelist Rabindranath Tagore."
] |
[
0
] |
Trench warfare begins
|
Where did Britain and France face an uninterrupted line of entrenched German forces, from Lorraine to where?
|
World War I
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
9
] |
[
"Western Front.",
"Trench warfare begins.",
"Military tactics before World War I had failed to keep pace with advances in technology.",
"These advances allowed for impressive defence systems, which out-of-date military tactics could not break through for most of the war.",
"Barbed wire was a significant hindrance to massed infantry advances.",
"Artillery, vastly more lethal than in the 1870s, coupled with machine guns, made crossing open ground extremely difficult.",
"Commanders on both sides failed to develop tactics for breaching entrenched positions without heavy casualties.",
"In time, however, technology began to produce new offensive weapons, such as gas warfare and the tank.",
"Just after the First Battle of the Marne (5–12 September 1914), both Entente and German forces each continually sought to outflank the other by manoeuvering to the north: this series of manoeuvres became known as the \"Race to the Sea\".",
"When these outflanking efforts failed, Britain and France soon found themselves facing an uninterrupted line of entrenched German forces from Lorraine to Belgium's coast.",
"Britain and France sought to take the offensive, while Germany defended the occupied territories.",
"Consequently, German trenches were much better constructed than those of their enemy; Anglo-French trenches were only intended to be \"temporary\" before their forces broke through German defences.",
"Both sides tried to break the stalemate using scientific and technological advances.",
"On 22 April 1915, at the Second Battle of Ypres, the Germans (violating the Hague Convention) used chlorine gas for the first time on the Western Front.",
"Several types of gas soon became widely used by both sides, and though it never proved a decisive, battle-winning weapon, poison gas became one of the most-feared and best-remembered horrors of the war.",
"Tanks were first used in combat by the British during the Battle of Flers-Courcelette (part of the wider Somme offensive) on 15 September 1916, with only partial success.",
"However, their effectiveness would grow as the war progressed; the Germans employed only very small numbers of their own design, supplemented by captured Allied tanks."
] |
[
4
] |
Politics
|
What is the name of Germany's constitutional document which was made in 1949?
|
Germany
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
1
] |
[
"Germany is a federal, parliamentary, representative democratic republic.",
"The German political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1949 constitutional document known as the \"Grundgesetz\" (Basic Law).",
"Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both chambers of parliament; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the separation of powers, the federal structure, and the rule of law are valid in perpetuity.",
"The president is the head of state and invested primarily with representative responsibilities and powers.",
"He is elected by the \"Bundesversammlung\" (federal convention), an institution consisting of the members of the \"Bundestag\" and an equal number of state delegates.",
"The second-highest official in the German order of precedence is the \"Bundestagspräsident\" (President of the \"Bundestag\"), who is elected by the \"Bundestag\" and responsible for overseeing the daily sessions of the body.",
"The third-highest official and the head of government is the Chancellor, who is appointed by the \"Bundespräsident\" after being elected by the \"Bundestag\".",
"The chancellor, currently Angela Merkel, is the head of government and exercises executive power, similar to the role of a Prime Minister in other parliamentary democracies.",
"Federal legislative power is vested in the parliament consisting of the \"Bundestag\" (Federal Diet) and \"Bundesrat\" (Federal Council), which together form the legislative body.",
"The \"Bundestag\" is elected through direct elections, by proportional representation (mixed-member).",
"The members of the \"Bundesrat\" represent the governments of the sixteen federated states and are members of the state cabinets.",
"Since 1949, the party system has been dominated by the Christian Democratic Union and the Social Democratic Party of Germany.",
"So far every chancellor has been a member of one of these parties.",
"However, the smaller liberal Free Democratic Party (which had members in the Bundestag from 1949 to 2013) and the Alliance '90/The Greens (which has had seats in parliament since 1983) have also played important roles.",
"Minor parties such as The Left, Free Voters and the Pirate Party are represented in some state parliaments."
] |
[
0
] |
The snorkel
|
Why is the optimum snorkel length not longer than 40 centimeters?
|
Snorkeling
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
5,
6,
7
] |
[
"A swimmer's snorkel is a tube typically about long and with an inside diameter of between , usually L- or J-shaped and fitted with a mouthpiece at the lower end, and constructed of rubber or plastic.",
"It is used for breathing air from above the water surface when the wearer's mouth and nose are submerged.",
"The snorkel usually has a piece of rubber that attaches the snorkel to the outside of the strap of the diving mask.",
"An older technique is pushing the snorkel between the mask-strap and the head, but this practice increases the chances the mask will leak.",
"The optimum design length of the snorkel tube is at most 40 centimeters (about 16 inches).",
"A longer tube would not allow breathing when snorkelling deeper, since it would place the lungs in deeper water where the surrounding water pressure is higher.",
"The lungs would then be unable to inflate when the snorkeler inhales, because the muscles that expand the lungs are not strong enough to operate against the higher pressure.",
"Snorkels also constitute respiratory dead space.",
"When the user takes in a fresh breath, some of the previously exhaled air which remains in the snorkel is recycled into the lungs, reducing breathing efficiency and causing a build up of carbon dioxide in the blood, which can result in hypercapnia.",
"The greater the volume of the tube, and the smaller the tidal volume of breathing, the more this problem is exacerbated.",
"A smaller diameter tube reduces the dead volume, but also increases resistance to airflow and so increases the work of breathing.",
"Occasional exhalation through the nose while snorkeling will reduce the build up of carbon dioxide, and help in keeping the mask clear of water."
] |
[
1
] |
Possible sequel
|
What has Unkirch said about a possible Toy Story 4?
|
Toy Story 3
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
0,
1,
2,
3
] |
[
"According to an article on NOLA.com, \"Toy Story 3\" director Lee Unkrich has confirmed that a \"Toy Story 4\" sequel is not being planned.",
"\"Well, we don't have any plans for \"Toy Story 4\",\" Unkrich said.",
"\"I'm flattered that people ask about it—it reminds me how much people love the characters, but it was really important to me with this film that we not just create another sequel, that it not just be another appendage coming off of the other two.\"",
"Unkrich went on to say, \"there may be opportunities for Woody and Buzz in the future, but we don't have any plans for anything right now.\"",
"It has also been reported that Hanks and Allen have signed on for a \"Toy Story 4\" if Pixar ever decides to produce one.",
"In a BBC interview in 2011, Hanks said that he thought Pixar was working on a sequel.",
"Disney denied the rumors saying, \"nothing is official.\""
] |
[
0
] |
Farces
|
What person is asked for help by Stan in the opening of "Stan's Food Restaurant?"
|
American Dad!
| true | 1TV
|
[
7
] |
[
"Plot techniques.",
"\"American Dad!\"",
"has commonly made use of farces as most of the predicaments that befall the main characters have escalated into the extremes, to the point of getting outrageously out-of-hand.",
"For example, in the episode \"Home Wrecker\", Stan and Francine's marital harmony breaks down from a difference of opinion on remodeling the house.",
"It gets to the point where they divide the house in two, each decorating their half of the house in their desired fashion.",
"Not satisfied with this however, they both attempted to drive the other out of the home and eventually erected a colossal block wall, dividing the two halves of the house.",
"The rest of the family members were forced to spend one holiday after the next alternating between Fran's and Stan's place (the sides of the house treated as distinct homes).",
"As another example, in the episode \"Stan's Food Restaurant\", Stan asks for Roger's help in starting a restaurant.",
"As things progress, Roger makes heavy changes in the layout, eventually kicking Stan out of the project.",
"Stan retaliates by opening another restaurant next door, which becomes a smashing success.",
"Roger responds by blowing up Stan's restaurant but destroying his own in the process.",
"Stan threatens to kill Roger, but backs down after Roger pulls a gun on him and tells him to relax."
] |
[
0
] |
Climate
|
What are the salt lakes in Tunisia commonly referred to as?
|
Tunisia
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
4
] |
[
"Tunisia's climate is temperate in the north, with mild rainy winters and hot, dry summers.",
"The south of the country is desert.",
"The terrain in the north is mountainous, which, moving south, gives way to a hot, dry central plain.",
"The south is semiarid, and merges into the Sahara.",
"A series of salt lakes, known as \"chotts\" or \"shatts\", lie in an east-west line at the northern edge of the Sahara, extending from the Gulf of Gabes into Algeria.",
"The lowest point is Shatt al Gharsah, at below sea level and the highest is Jebel ech Chambi, at ."
] |
[
0
] |
Antibody-drug conjugates
|
How are ADC's defined?
|
Chemotherapy
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0
] |
[
"Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprise an antibody, drug and a linker between them.",
"The antibody will be targeted at a preferentially expressed protein in the tumour cells (known as a tumor antigen) or on cells that the tumor can utilise, such as blood vessel endothelial cells.",
"They bind to the tumor antigen and are internalised, where the linker releases the drug into the cell.",
"These specially targeted delivery vehicles vary in their stability, selectivity, and choice of target, but, in essence, they all aim to increase the maximum effective dose that can be delivered to the tumor cells.",
"Reduced systemic toxicity means that they can also be used in sicker patients, and that they can carry new chemotherapeutic agents that would have been far too toxic to deliver via traditional systemic approaches.",
"The first approved drug of this type was gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg), released by Wyeth (now Pfizer).",
"The drug was approved to treat acute myeloid leukemia, but has now been withdrawn from the market because the drug did not meet efficacy targets in further clinical trials.",
"Two other drugs, trastuzumab emtansine and brentuximab vedotin, are both in late clinical trials, and the latter has been granted accelerated approval for the treatment of refractory Hodgkins lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma."
] |
[
5
] |
Politics
|
What year were popular uprisings happening in Yorkshire
|
Dissolution of the Monasteries
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
2
] |
[
"The dissolution and destruction of the monasteries and shrines was very unpopular in many areas.",
"In the north of England, centering on Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, the suppression of the monasteries led to a popular rising, the Pilgrimage of Grace, that threatened the Crown for some weeks.",
"In 1536 there were major, popular uprisings in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire and a further rising in Norfolk the following year.",
"Rumours were spread that the King was going to strip the parish churches too, and even tax cattle and sheep.",
"The rebels called for an end to the dissolution of the monasteries, for the removal of Cromwell, and for Henry's daughter, and eldest child, the Catholic Mary to be named as successor in place of his younger son, Edward.",
"Henry defused the movement with solemn promises, all of which went unkept, and then summarily executed the leaders.",
"However, when Mary succeeded to the throne in 1553, her hopes for a revival of English religious life proved a failure.",
"Westminster Abbey, which had been retained as a cathedral, reverted to being a monastery; while the communities of the Bridgettine nuns and of the Observant Franciscans, which had gone into exile in the reign of Henry VIII, were able to return to their former houses at Syon and Greenwich respectively.",
"A small group of fifteen surviving Carthusians was re-established in their old house at Sheen, as also were eight Dominican canonesses in Dartford.",
"A house of Dominican friars was established at Smithfield, but this was only possible through importing professed religious from Holland and Spain, and Mary's hopes of further refoundations foundered, as she found it very difficult to persuade former monks and nuns to resume the religious life; consequently schemes for restoring the abbeys at Glastonbury and St Albans failed for lack of volunteers.",
"All the refounded houses were in properties that had remained in Crown possession; but, in spite of much prompting, none of Mary's lay supporters would co-operate in returning their holdings of monastic lands to religious use; while the lay lords in Parliament proved unremittingly hostile, as a revival of the \"mitred\" abbeys would have returned the House of Lords to having an ecclesiastical majority.",
"Moreover, there remained a widespread suspicion that the return of religious communities to their former premises might call into question the legal title of lay purchasers of monastic land, and accordingly all Mary's foundations were technically new communities in law.",
"In 1554 Cardinal Pole, the Papal Legate, negotiated a papal dispensation allowing the new owners to retain the former monastic lands, and in return Parliament enacted the heresy laws in January 1555.",
"When Mary died and was succeeded by her sister Elizabeth, five of the six revived communities left again to exile in continental Europe.",
"An Act of Elizabeth's first parliament dissolved the refounded houses; but although Elizabeth offered to allow the monks in Westminster to remain in place with restored pensions if they took the Oath of Supremacy and conformed to the new Book of Common Prayer, all refused and dispersed unpensioned.",
"In less than 20 years, the monastic impulse had effectively been extinguished in England; and was only revived, even amongst Catholics, in the very different form of the new and reformed counter-reformation orders, such as the Jesuits."
] |
[
0
] |
Persons of color
|
What was the estimates number of black people in Germany when the Nazis came to power?
|
The Holocaust
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
0
] |
[
"The number of black people in Germany when the Nazis came to power is variously estimated at 5,000–25,000.",
"It is not clear whether these figures included Asians.",
"According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C., \"The fate of black people from 1933 to 1945 in Nazi Germany and in German-occupied territories ranged from isolation to persecution, sterilization, medical experimentation, incarceration, brutality, and murder.",
"However, there was no systematic program for their elimination as there was for Jews and other groups.\"",
"Meanwhile, Afrikaaners, Berbers, Iranians and Pre-Partition Indians were classified as Aryans, so not persecuted (see main article).",
"Racial restrictions were relaxed to the extent that Turkic peoples, Arabs and South Asians were recruited by the German military due to the shortage of manpower."
] |
[
2,
0
] |
Islamic heritage sites
|
What rate of the Mecca's memorable structures have been decimated?
|
Saudi Arabia
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
3
] |
[
"Saudi Arabia, and specifically the Hejaz, as the cradle of Islam, has many of the most significant historic Muslim sites, including the two holiest sites of Mecca and Medina.",
"One of the King's titles is Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, the two mosques being Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, which contains Islam's most sacred place, the Kaaba, and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi in Medina which contains Muhammad's tomb.",
"However, Saudi Wahhabism is hostile to any reverence given to historical or religious places of significance for fear that it may give rise to 'shirk' (that is, idolatry).",
"As a consequence, under Saudi rule, the Hejaz cities have suffered from considerable destruction of their physical heritage and, for example, it has been estimated that about 95% of Mecca's historic buildings, most over a thousand years old, have been demolished.",
"These include the mosque originally built by Muhammad's daughter Fatima, and other mosques founded by Abu Bakr (Muhammad's father-in-law and the first Caliph), Umar (the second Caliph), Ali (Muhammad's son-in-law and the fourth Caliph), and Salman al-Farsi (another of Muhammad's companions).",
"Other historic buildings that have been destroyed include the house of Khadijah, the wife of the Prophet, the house of Abu Bakr, now the site of the local Hilton hotel; the house of Ali-Oraid, the grandson of the Prophet, and the Mosque of abu-Qubais, now the location of the King's palace in Mecca.",
"Critics have described this as \"Saudi vandalism\" and claim that over the last 50 years, 300 historic sites linked to Muhammad, his family or companions have been lost.",
"It has been reported that there now are fewer than 20 structures remaining in Mecca that date back to the time of Muhammad."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
Today, what is known as the most common version of fencing?
|
Fencing
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
1
] |
[
"Fencing is the activity of fighting with swords.",
"The most common version of fencing today, also called olympic fencing or competitive fencing, is divided into three weapon categories: foil, sabre and épée.",
"Classical fencing uses the same three weapons, but approaches fencing as a martial art.",
"Competitive fencing is one of five sports which has been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games, the other four being Athletics, Cycling, Swimming, and Gymnastics."
] |
[
0
] |
Applications
|
Is natural selection a concept of evolutionary biology?
|
Evolution
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0
] |
[
"Concepts and models used in evolutionary biology, such as natural selection, have many applications.",
"Artificial selection is the intentional selection of traits in a population of organisms.",
"This has been used for thousands of years in the domestication of plants and animals.",
"More recently, such selection has become a vital part of genetic engineering, with selectable markers such as antibiotic resistance genes being used to manipulate DNA.",
"Proteins with valuable properties have evolved by repeated rounds of mutation and selection (for example modified enzymes and new antibodies) in a process called directed evolution.",
"Understanding the changes that have occurred during organism's evolution can reveal the genes needed to construct parts of the body, genes which may be involved in human genetic disorders.",
"For example, the mexican tetra is an albino cavefish that lost its eyesight during evolution.",
"Breeding together different populations of this blind fish produced some offspring with functional eyes, since different mutations had occurred in the isolated populations that had evolved in different caves.",
"This helped identify genes required for vision and pigmentation.",
"Many human diseases are not static phenomena, but capable of evolution.",
"Viruses, bacteria, fungi and cancers evolve to be resistant to host immune defences, as well as pharmaceutical drugs.",
"These same problems occur in agriculture with pesticide and herbicide resistance.",
"It is possible that we are facing the end of the effective life of most of available antibiotics and predicting the evolution and evolvability of our pathogens and devising strategies to slow or circumvent it is requiring deeper knowledge of the complex forces driving evolution at the molecular level.",
"In computer science, simulations of evolution using evolutionary algorithms and artificial life started in the 1960s and was extended with simulation of artificial selection.",
"Artificial evolution became a widely recognised optimisation method as a result of the work of Ingo Rechenberg in the 1960s.",
"He used evolution strategies to solve complex engineering problems.",
"Genetic algorithms in particular became popular through the writing of John Holland.",
"Practical applications also include automatic evolution of computer programmes.",
"Evolutionary algorithms are now used to solve multi-dimensional problems more efficiently than software produced by human designers and also to optimise the design of systems."
] |
[] |
Season 5
|
How did Leslie respond to Ben's suggesstion?
|
Parks and Recreation
| true | 1TV
|
[
6,
7
] |
[
"Ben flourishes in his new job on a congressional campaign in Washington DC, as does April who he brought along as an intern.",
"Leslie and Andy visit Ben and April, and Leslie begins to feel self conscious about her small town job.",
"Leslie begins working as a City Councillor, but finds opposition in her fellow councilmen, particularly Councilman Jamm, who becomes her arch enemy.",
"Andy begins training to become a cop with help from Chris.",
"Tom tries to find a new business idea.",
"Ron meets Diane, a woman who needs help fixing a pothole, and begins dating her despite being intimidated by her two young daughters.",
"Jennifer offers Ben a job on another campaign in Florida, much to Leslie's displeasure, but Ben turns it down and returns to Pawnee, surprising Leslie by proposing to her.",
"She happily says yes.",
"Ben's divorced parents come to their engagement party and argue the whole time.",
"April proposes turning Lot 48 into a dog park, which bothers Leslie, but they compromise.",
"Tom starts a business renting high end clothing to teenagers.",
"Ben wants to bring in an architect from Eagleton to help with the park, now called the Pawnee Commons, which is hard for Leslie to accept.",
"Ann decides she's ready to be a single mom and begins searching for sperm donors.",
"Leslie and Ben plan a fundraising event for the Pawnee Commons, and decide to have an impromptu wedding that night.",
"When Jamm ruins the ceremony, Ron punches him, and the wedding recommences in City Hall.",
"Andy finds out he failed the cop test.",
"Ann, seeing Chris console Andy in a fatherly way, decides she would like to have her baby with him.",
"Leslie continues pushing forward with much resistance from Jamm.",
"Ben gets a job with Sweetums, heading their charity foundation, and hires Andy as an assistant.",
"Jerry retires from the Parks Department but comes back to work a few hours per week.",
"A mystery person rips off Tom's business idea and offers to buy his business off of him.",
"Angry locals, led by Jamm, call for Leslie to be recalled from office.",
"Andy goes on a hunt to find out who is pregnant, and it is revealed to be Diane."
] |
[
5
] |
Creamy puddings
|
Why is a double boiler often used while making pudding?
|
Pudding
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
2
] |
[
"The second and newer type of pudding consists of sugar, milk, and a thickening agent such as cornstarch, gelatin, eggs, rice or tapioca to create a sweet, creamy dessert.",
"These puddings are made either by simmering on top of the stove in a saucepan or double boiler or by baking in an oven, often in a bain-marie.",
"These puddings are easily scorched on the fire, which is why a double boiler is often used; microwave ovens are also now often used to avoid this problem and to reduce stirring.",
"Creamy puddings are typically served chilled, but a few, such as zabaglione and rice pudding, may be served warm.",
"Instant puddings do not require boiling and can therefore be prepared more quickly.",
"This pudding terminology is common in North America and some European countries such as the Netherlands, whilst in Britain egg-thickened puddings are considered custards and starch-thickened puddings called blancmange."
] |
[
1
] |
Harvesting, drying and milling
|
How high of a percentage of paddy-to-rice conversion can a good mill achieve?
|
Rice
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
11
] |
[
"Unmilled rice, known as paddy (Indonesia and Malaysia: padi; Philippines, palay), is usually harvested when the grains have a moisture content of around 25%.",
"In most Asian countries, where rice is almost entirely the product of smallholder agriculture, harvesting is carried out manually, although there is a growing interest in mechanical harvesting.",
"Harvesting can be carried out by the farmers themselves, but is also frequently done by seasonal labour groups.",
"Harvesting is followed by threshing, either immediately or within a day or two.",
"Again, much threshing is still carried out by hand but there is an increasing use of mechanical threshers.",
"Subsequently, paddy needs to be dried to bring down the moisture content to no more than 20% for milling.",
"A familiar sight in several Asian countries is paddy laid out to dry along roads.",
"However, in most countries the bulk of drying of marketed paddy takes place in mills, with village-level drying being used for paddy to be consumed by farm families.",
"Mills either sun dry or use mechanical driers or both.",
"Drying has to be carried out quickly to avoid the formation of moulds.",
"Mills range from simple hullers, with a throughput of a couple of tonnes a day, that simply remove the outer husk, to enormous operations that can process 4,000 tonnes a day and produce highly polished rice.",
"A good mill can achieve a paddy-to-rice conversion rate of up to 72% but smaller, inefficient mills often struggle to achieve 60%.",
"These smaller mills often do not buy paddy and sell rice but only service farmers who want to mill their paddy for their own consumption."
] |
[
5
] |
Service
|
What is the most often used jam serve?
|
Racquetball
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
8
] |
[
"Shots of the game.",
"Serve style varies drastically from player to player.",
"Generally, they are divided into two types: offensive and defensive.",
"Most players use an offensive serve for the first serve, and a defensive serve if they need to hit a second serve.",
"Of the offensive serves, the most common is the drive.",
"The intention with this serve is for the ball to travel low and fast towards either back corner, and to bounce twice before striking either side wall or the back wall.",
"If the opponent is adjusting to the drive serve, the server will throw in any variety of jam serves.",
"A \"jam serve\" is an offensive serve which attempts to catch the opponent off balance by making use of difficult angles and unfrequented play space.",
"The most common jam serve is the Z-serve, which strikes the front wall close to a side wall.",
"The ball bounces quickly off the side wall, then strikes the floor and then the opposite side wall about 30–35 feet back.",
"Depending upon the spin the server gives the Z-serve, the resulting carom may prove unpredictable and difficult to return.",
"Side spin may cause the ball to bounce parallel to the back wall.",
"A \"pinch serve\" is similar to a drive serve; however, the ball strikes a side wall very low and close to the serving box.",
"With the appropriate spin, the ball has little bounce, and is difficult to return.",
"It is possible that a successful serve would strike the sidewall before the short line, and land on the floor after the short line.",
"If the player faults on the first serve, they will usually hit a defensive serve.",
"Defensive serves do not usually garner aces, but they are designed to generate a weak return by the opponent, thereby setting up the server to win the point.",
"Most defensive serves are any variety of lob serves.",
"A plain lob serve is a ball hit with a long, high arch into either back corner.",
"The goal is to hit the ball so that it lands as close as possible to the back wall, giving the opponent very little room to hit a solid return.",
"A junk lob takes a shallower arch, and lands close to the side wall somewhere between the dotted line and the back wall.",
"This lob is intended to deceive the opponent into thinking he has an easy kill.",
"However, since the ball is in the deep zone, it will more likely set up the server for an offensive shot."
] |
[
0
] |
Pre-colonial history
|
Which person from Europe was the first to witness Victoria Falls?
|
Victoria Falls
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
7
] |
[
"Archaeological sites around the falls have yielded \"Homo habilis\" stone artifacts from 3 million years ago, 50,000-year-old Middle Stone Age tools and Late Stone Age (10,000 and 2,000 years ago) weapons, adornments and digging tools.",
"Iron-using Khoisan hunter-gatherers displaced these Stone Age people and in turn were displaced by Bantu tribes such as the southern Tonga people known as the Batoka/Tokalea, who called the falls \"Shungu na mutitima\".",
"The Matabele, later arrivals, named them \"aManz' aThunqayo\", and the Batswana and Makololo (whose language is used by the Lozi people) call them \"Mosi-o-Tunya\".",
"All these names mean essentially \"the smoke that thunders\".",
"A map from c.1750 drawn by Jacques Nicolas Bellin for Abbé Antoine François Prevost d'Exiles marks the falls as \"cataractes\" and notes a settlement to the north of the Zambezi as being friendly with the Portuguese at the time.",
"Earlier still Nicolas de Fer's 1715 map of southern Africa has the fall clearly marked in the correct position.",
"It also has dotted lines denoting trade routes that David Livingstone followed 140 years later.",
"The first European to see the falls was David Livingstone on 17 November 1855, during his 1852–56 journey from the upper Zambezi to the mouth of the river.",
"The falls were well known to local tribes, and Voortrekker hunters may have known of them, as may the Arabs under a name equivalent to \"the end of the world\".",
"Europeans were sceptical of their reports, perhaps thinking that the lack of mountains and valleys on the plateau made a large falls unlikely.",
"Livingstone had been told about the falls before he reached them from upriver and was paddled across to a small island that now bears the name Livingstone Island in Zambia.",
"Livingstone had previously been impressed by the Ngonye Falls further upstream, but found the new falls much more impressive, and gave them their English name in honour of Queen Victoria.",
"He wrote of the falls, \"No one can imagine the beauty of the view from anything witnessed in England.",
"It had never been seen before by European eyes; but scenes so lovely must have been gazed upon by angels in their flight.",
"\"In 1860, Livingstone returned to the area and made a detailed study of the falls with John Kirk.",
"Other early European visitors included Portuguese explorer Serpa Pinto, Czech explorer Emil Holub, who made the first detailed plan of the falls and its surroundings in 1875 (published in 1880), and British artist Thomas Baines, who executed some of the earliest paintings of the falls.",
"Until the area was opened up by the building of the railway in 1905, though, the falls were seldom visited by other Europeans."
] |
[] |
Release
|
When was Terminator Salvation released?
|
Terminator Salvation
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
0
] |
[
"The film was released in North America on May 21, 2009 with Warner Bros. setting the American premiere on May 14, 2009 at the Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood.",
"Elsewhere, Sony Pictures Entertainment released the film in most overseas territories on different dates in June.",
"One exception was Mexico, however, because of the swine flu outbreak in the country, which forced Sony to push the release date to July 31, 2009.",
"It is rated PG-13 by the Motion Picture Association of America for \"intense sequences of sci-fi violence, action, and language,\" unlike the previous R-rated films.",
"The decision to release the film with a PG-13 rating has met with much criticism from fans, as well as the media.",
"The rating decision was made after McG cut out a shot of Marcus stabbing a thug with a screwdriver, as the director felt disallowing the young audience due to that one shot was unfair.",
"He also deleted a topless scene for Moon Bloodgood because, \"It was a soft moment between a man and a woman that was designed to echo the Kelly McGillis/Harrison Ford moment in \"Witness\" in the end, it felt more like a gratuitous moment of a girl taking her top off in an action picture, and I didn't want that to convolute the story or the characters.\"",
"The producers had expected the rating because of the modern leniency towards violence in PG-13 films, such as the 2007 action film, \"Live Free or Die Hard\"."
] |
[
2
] |
Etchings
|
How many landscapes largely set the course for the graphic treatment of landscape until the end of the 19th century?
|
Rembrandt
| false | 3ART
|
[
14
] |
[
"Rembrandt produced etchings for most of his career, from 1626 to 1660, when he was forced to sell his printing-press and virtually abandoned etching.",
"Only the troubled year of 1649 produced no dated work.",
"He took easily to etching and, though he also learned to use a burin and partly engraved many plates, the freedom of etching technique was fundamental to his work.",
"He was very closely involved in the whole process of printmaking, and must have printed at least early examples of his etchings himself.",
"At first he used a style based on drawing, but soon moved to one based on painting, using a mass of lines and numerous bitings with the acid to achieve different strengths of line.",
"Towards the end of the 1630s, he reacted against this manner and moved to a simpler style, with fewer bitings.",
"He worked on the so-called \"Hundred Guilder Print\" in stages throughout the 1640s, and it was the \"critical work in the middle of his career\", from which his final etching style began to emerge.",
"Although the print only survives in two states, the first very rare, evidence of much reworking can be seen underneath the final print and many drawings survive for elements of it.",
"In the mature works of the 1650s, Rembrandt was more ready to improvise on the plate and large prints typically survive in several states, up to eleven, often radically changed.",
"He now uses hatching to create his dark areas, which often take up much of the plate.",
"He also experimented with the effects of printing on different kinds of paper, including Japanese paper, which he used frequently, and on vellum.",
"He began to use \"surface tone,\" leaving a thin film of ink on parts of the plate instead of wiping it completely clean to print each impression.",
"He made more use of drypoint, exploiting, especially in landscapes, the rich fuzzy burr that this technique gives to the first few impressions.",
"His prints have similar subjects to his paintings, although the twenty-seven self-portraits are relatively more common, and portraits of other people less so.",
"There are forty-six landscapes, mostly small, which largely set the course for the graphic treatment of landscape until the end of the 19th century.",
"One third of his etchings are of religious subjects, many treated with a homely simplicity, whilst others are his most monumental prints.",
"A few erotic, or just obscene, compositions have no equivalent in his paintings.",
"He owned, until forced to sell it, a magnificent collection of prints by other artists, and many borrowings and influences in his work can be traced to artists as diverse as Mantegna, Raphael, Hercules Segers, and Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione."
] |
[
5
] |
Abstract
|
Who was the monarch in Britain since 1952?
|
United Kingdom
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
5
] |
[
"The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain , is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe.",
"The country includes the island of Great Britain (a term sometimes loosely applied to the whole state), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands.",
"Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another state: the Republic of Ireland.",
"Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea in the east, the English Channel in the south and the Irish Sea in the west.",
"The UK's form of government is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, and its capital city is London.",
"The current British monarch—since 6 February 1952—is Queen Elizabeth II.",
"The United Kingdom consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.",
"The latter three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capital cities, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively.",
"Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man are Crown dependencies and are not part of the UK.",
"The United Kingdom has fourteen British Overseas Territories.",
"These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land mass and was the largest empire in history.",
"British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies.",
"The United Kingdom is a developed country and has the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and eighth-largest by purchasing power parity.",
"It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries.",
"The UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally.",
"It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth in the world.",
"The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946.",
"It has been a member of the European Union (EU) and its predecessor the European Economic Community (EEC) since 1973; it is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Council of Europe, the G7, the G8, the G20, NATO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO)."
] |
[
3
] |
Popular interest
|
The henry moore institute is located where?
|
Henry Moore
| true | 3ART
|
[
1
] |
[
"Today, the Henry Moore Foundation manages the artist's former home at Perry Green in Hertfordshire as a visitor destination, with 70 acres of sculpture grounds as well as his restored house and studios.",
"It also runs the Henry Moore Institute in Leeds which organises exhibitions and research activities in international sculpture.",
"Popular interest in Moore's work was perceived by some to have declined for a while in the UK but has been revived in recent times by exhibitions including Henry Moore at Tate Britain in 2010 and Moore at Kew and Hatfield in 2007 and 2011 respectively.",
"The Foundation he endowed continues to play an essential role in promoting contemporary art in the United Kingdom and abroad through its grants and exhibitions programme."
] |
[
4
] |
Awards and honors
|
Which awards were won by the UK version?
|
The Office
| true | 1TV
|
[
2
] |
[
"",
"\"Selected major awards won only\"",
"UK version: 2004 Golden Globes for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy and Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy (Ricky Gervais); 2001, 2002 and 2003 British Academy Television Awards for Situation Comedy and Best Comedy Performance (Ricky Gervais)",
"US version: 2006 Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy (Steve Carell); 2006 Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series; 2007 Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series; 2007 Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series (Greg Daniels)",
"German version: 2006 Grimme Award for Fiction/Entertainment – Series/Miniseries"
] |
[] |
Sports
|
In what location did the 1920 Summer Olympics take place?
|
Belgium
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
16
] |
[
"Since the 1970s, sports clubs and federations are organised separately within each language community.",
"Association football is one of the most popular sports in both parts of Belgium, together with cycling, tennis, swimming and judo.",
"Belgians hold the most Tour de France victories of any country except France.",
"They have also the most victories on the UCI Road World Championships.",
"Philippe Gilbert is the 2012 world champion.",
"Another modern well-known Belgian cyclist is Tom Boonen.",
"With five victories in the Tour de France and numerous other cycling records, Belgian cyclist Eddy Merckx is regarded as one of the greatest cyclists of all time.",
"Jean-Marie Pfaff, a former Belgian goalkeeper, is considered one of the greatest in the history of football (soccer).",
"Belgium and The Netherlands previously hosted the UEFA European Football Championship in 2000.",
"Belgium hosted the 1972 European Football Championships.",
"The current Belgium football team have qualified for the 2014 world cup in Brazil and have a range of Premier League footbal players such as Romelu Lukaku, Eden Hazard and Marouane Fellaini.",
"Kim Clijsters and Justine Henin both were Player of the Year in the Women's Tennis Association as they were ranked the number one female tennis player.",
"The Spa-Francorchamps motor-racing circuit hosts the Formula One World Championship Belgian Grand Prix.",
"The Belgian driver, Jacky Ickx, won eight Grands Prix and six 24 Hours of Le Mans and finished twice as runner-up in the Formula One World Championship.",
"Belgium also has a strong reputation in motocross.",
"Sporting events annually held in Belgium include the Memorial Van Damme athletics competition, the Belgian Grand Prix Formula One, and a number of classic cycle races such as the Tour of Flanders and Liège–Bastogne–Liège.",
"The 1920 Summer Olympics were held in Antwerp."
] |
[
0
] |
Boundaries
|
What year was the Anglo-American Convention?
|
Louisiana Purchase
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
9
] |
[
"A dispute immediately arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana.",
"The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor the 1800 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.",
"The United States claimed Louisiana included the entire western portion of the Mississippi River drainage basin to the crest of the Rocky Mountains and land extending southeast to the Rio Grande and West Florida.",
"Spain insisted that Louisiana comprised no more than the western bank of the Mississippi River and the cities of New Orleans and St. Louis.",
"The dispute was ultimately resolved by the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, with the United States gaining most of what it had claimed in the west.",
"The relatively narrow Louisiana of New Spain had been a special province under the jurisdiction of the Captaincy General of Cuba while the vast region to the west was in 1803 still considered part of the Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas.",
"Louisiana had never been considered to be one of New Spain's internal provinces.",
"If the territory included all the tributaries of the Mississippi on its western bank, the northern reaches of the Purchase extended into the equally ill-defined British possession—Rupert's Land of British North America, now part of Canada.",
"The Purchase originally extended just beyond the 50th parallel.",
"However, the territory north of the 49th parallel (including the Milk River and Poplar River watersheds) was ceded to the UK in exchange for parts of the Red River Basin south of 49th parallel in the Anglo-American Convention of 1818.",
"The eastern boundary of the Louisiana purchase was the Mississippi River, from its source to the 31st parallel, although the source of the Mississippi was, at the time, unknown.",
"The eastern boundary below the 31st parallel was unclear; the U.S. claimed the land as far as the Perdido River, and Spain claimed the border of its Florida Colony remained the Mississippi river.",
"In early 1804, Congress passed the Mobile Act which recognized West Florida as being part of the United States.",
"The Adams–Onís Treaty with Spain (1819) resolved the issue upon ratification in 1821.",
"Today, the 31st parallel is the northern boundary of the western half of the Florida Panhandle, and the Perdido is the western boundary of Florida.",
"Because the western boundary was contested at the time of the Purchase, President Jefferson immediately began to organize three missions to explore and map the new territory.",
"All three started from the Mississippi River.",
"The Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804) traveled up the Missouri River; the Red River Expedition (1806) explored the Red River basin; the Pike Expedition (1806) also started up the Missouri, but turned south to explore the Arkansas River watershed.",
"The maps and journals of the explorers helped to define the boundaries during the negotiations leading to the Adams–Onís Treaty, which set the western boundary as follows: north up the Sabine River from the Gulf of Mexico to its intersection with the 32nd parallel, due north to the Red River, up the Red River to the 100th meridian, north to the Arkansas River, up the Arkansas River to its headwaters, due north to the 42nd parallel and due west to its previous boundary."
] |
[
0
] |
Literature
|
What percentage of books are for kids in Tunisian literature?
|
Tunisia
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
10
] |
[
"Tunisian literature exists in two forms: Arabic and French.",
"Arabic literature dates back to the 7th century with the arrival of Arab civilization in the region.",
"It is more important in both volume and value than French literature, introduced during the French protectorate from 1881.",
"Among the literary figures include Ali Douagi, who has produced more than 150 radio stories, over 500 poems and folk songs and nearly 15 plays, Khraief Bashir, an Arabic novelist who published many notable books in the 1930s and which caused a scandal because the dialogues were written in Tunisian dialect, and others such as Moncef Ghachem, Mohamed Salah Ben Mrad or Mahmoud Messaadi.",
"As for poetry, Tunisian poetry typically opts for nonconformity and innovation with poets such as Aboul-Qacem Echebbi.",
"As for literature in French, it is characterized by its critical approach.",
"Contrary to the pessimism of Albert Memmi, who predicted that literature Tunisian was sentenced to die young, a high number of Tunisian writers are abroad including Abdelwahab Meddeb, Bakri Tahar, Mustapha Tlili, Hele Beji or Mellah Fawzi.",
"The themes of wandering, exile and heartbreak are the focus of their creative writing.",
"The national bibliography lists 1249 non-school books published in 2002 in Tunisia, with 885 titles in Arabic.",
"In 2006 this figure had increased to 1,500 and 1,700 in 2007.",
"Nearly a third of the books are published for children."
] |
[
0
] |
Chart performance
|
What position did "Moves Like Jagger" premiere at?
|
Moves like Jagger
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
0
] |
[
"On the issue dated July 9, 2011, \"Moves like Jagger\" debuted at number eight on the United States \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and topped the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, in the week ending September 10, 2011, as the greatest airplay gainer for the third consecutive week.",
"It spent 10 weeks in the top 3.",
"For Maroon 5, with prior top hits, this is the first time at the number-one position on the Hot 100 chart since their single \"Makes Me Wonder\" in 2007.",
"For Aguilera, this is her fifth number-one position, her first since \"Lady Marmalade\" in 2001.",
"Incidentally, Levine is the first artist to achieve both the number one position on the Hot 100 as a member of a band and reach the top 10 as a solo artist in the same week.",
"\"Moves like Jagger\" made Aguilera the fourth female artist, behind Madonna and Janet Jackson (1980s, 1990s, and 2000s) and Britney Spears (1990s, 2000s, and 2010s), to top the Hot 100 in three decades, as well as the eighth artist overall.",
"On the week of October 1, 2011, the song advanced to number one on the Hot 100 Airplay.",
"By March 2013, it has sold over 6 million digital copies in the United States.",
"As of January 2014, it has sold 6,347,000 copies in the US.",
"On August 1, 2011, \"Moves like Jagger\" reached number two on the Australian ARIA Charts, making it Aguilera's highest charting single since \"Candyman\" in 2007, and held the runner-up spot for ten straight weeks.",
"On the week of August 20, 2011, the song topped the Canadian Hot 100 chart, becoming the band's second number-one single and Aguilera's third number-one single, first in almost nine years (the last one was the 2002 hit \"Beautiful\").",
"\"Moves like Jagger\" made its debut on the UK Singles Chart at number three and sold 56,000 copies on the issue dated August 21, 2011, becoming Maroon 5's 4th top 10 hit and Aguilera's 15th top 10 hit in the UK.",
"Starting at the issue date September 10, it peaked at number two for seven consecutive weeks, equalling the all-time UK record held by All-4-One's \"I Swear\" for the longest stay at number two by a hit not to reach number one.",
"On October 5, 2011, the song reached number one in the mid-week chart update but failed to reach the number one spot the following Sunday due to the mid-week release of Rihanna's new single \"We Found Love\" which debuted at number one keeping \"Moves like Jagger\" away from the number one position.",
"Uniquely, in the first six of these weeks it was held off the top of the chart by six different number one singles consecutively, each of which debuted directly ahead of it; this after having already been held at number three behind two different pairs of new entries in its first two weeks on the chart.",
"As of week ending October 22, \"Moves like Jagger\" dropped two places to number 4, ending a seven-week run in the runner-up position.",
"After spending seven straight weeks at number two in the singles charts without ever managing to claim the number-one spot, it peaked at number two in the year end chart of 2011's best-selling singles as well.",
"It became the biggest-selling song not peak at number one in 2012.",
"As of June 2012, \"Moves like Jagger\" has sold 1,283,972 copies in the United Kingdom, in an uninterrupted 52 week run in the chart."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
Who wrote the book series "Pretty Little Liars"?
|
Pretty Little Liars
| true | 1TV
|
[
0
] |
[
"Pretty Little Liars is a series of young-adult novels by author Sara Shepard, beginning with 2006's inaugural entry of the same name.",
"The series follows the lives of four girls – Spencer Hastings, Hanna Marin, Aria Montgomery, and Emily Fields – whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their leader, Alison DiLaurentis, in the summer after 7th grade.",
"Later, when the girls are juniors in high school, they begin receiving various messages from someone using the alias \"A\" who threatens to expose their secrets.",
"The novels explore several different topics and themes such as bullying, murder, drug addiction, underage drinking, eating disorders, homosexuality, peer-pressure, infidelity, and mental illness.",
"Moral ambiguity and the consequences of lying (suggested by the title) are featured prominently in the series; the girls constantly create their own problems through their unwillingness or inability to tell the truth about certain events and misdeeds they have done.",
"The novels have appeared on the \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list.",
"A television series adaptation loosely based on the novels debuted on June 8, 2010 on ABC Family.",
"The twelfth book in the series, \"Burned\", was released on December 4, 2012.",
"A prequel, \"Ali's Pretty Little Lies\", was released on January 2, 2013.",
"Additionally, a thirteenth book, \"Crushed\", was released June 4, 2013.",
"The fourteenth book, \"Deadly\", was released on December 3, 2013.",
"On June 3, 2014 the 15th book Toxic is to be released.",
"Shepard revealed that she is planning on writing three more novels for the series."
] |
[
3
] |
Civil war (1967-1970)
|
When did the 30 month war end?
|
Nigeria
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
12
] |
[
"Civil war (1967-1970).",
"The disequilibrium and perceived corruption of the electoral and political process led in 1966 to several back-to-back military coups.",
"The first was in January and led by a collection of young leftists under Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna and Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu.",
"It was partially successful; the coup plotters murdered Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Premier Ahmadu Bello of the Northern Region and Premier Ladoke Akintola of the Western Region.",
"Despite this, they could not set up a central government.",
"President Nwafor Orizu was then pressured to hand over government to the Nigeria Army, under the command of General JTU Aguyi-Ironsi.",
"The coup was counter-acted by another successful plot, supported primarily by Northern military officers and Northerners who favoured the NPC, it was engineered by Northern officers, which allowed Lt Colonel Yakubu Gowon to become head of state.",
"This sequence of events led to an increase in ethnic tension and violence.",
"The Northern coup, motivated by ethnic and religious reasons, resulted in the deaths of many military officers and civilians, especially those of Igbo descent.",
"The violence against the Igbo increased their desire for autonomy.",
"By May 1967, the Eastern Region voted to declare independence as a state called the Republic of Biafra, under the leadership of Lt Colonel Emeka Ojukwu.",
"The Nigerian Civil War began as the Nigerian (Western and Northern) side attacked Biafra (South-eastern) on 6 July 1967 at Garkem.",
"The 30 month war, with a long siege of Biafra and its isolation from trade and supplies, ended in January 1970.",
"Estimates of the number of dead in the former Eastern Region are between 1 and 3 million people, from warfare, disease, and starvation, during the 30-month civil war .",
"France, Egypt, Soviet Union, Britain and others were deeply involved in the civil war behind the scenes.",
"Britain and the Soviet Union were the main military backers of the Nigerian government while France and others helped the Biafrans.",
"Nigeria also used Egyptian pilots for their air force."
] |
[
2
] |
The end of the war
|
Which King wanted to continue fighting?
|
American Revolution
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
1
] |
[
"Support for the conflict had never been strong in Britain, where many sympathized with the rebels, but now it reached a new low.",
"Although King George III personally wanted to fight on, his supporters lost control of Parliament, and no further major land offensives were launched in the American Theater.",
"Washington could not know that after Yorktown the British would not reopen hostilities.",
"They still had 26,000 troops occupying New York City, Charleston and Savannah, together with a powerful fleet.",
"The French army and navy departed, so the Americans were on their own in 1782–83.",
"The treasury was empty, and the unpaid soldiers were growing restive, almost to the point of mutiny or possible \"coup d'état\".",
"The unrest among officers of the Newburgh Conspiracy was personally dispelled by Washington in 1783, and Congress subsequently created the promise of a five years bonus for all officers."
] |
[] |
Sports
|
When did Thailand host the international 80kg welterweight rugby tournament?
|
Thailand
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
8
] |
[
"Muay Thai (Thai: มวยไทย, RTGS: Muai Thai, , lit.",
"\"Thai boxing\") is a native form of kickboxing and Thailand's national sport.",
"It incorporates kicks, punches, knees and elbow strikes in a ring with gloves similar to those used in Western boxing and this has led to Thailand gaining medals at the Olympic Games in boxing.",
"Takraw (Thai: ตะกร้อ) is a sport native to Thailand, which the players hit a rattan ball and only be allowed to use their feet, knees, chest and head to touch the ball.",
"Sepak takraw is a form of this sport which appears in volleyball style, the players must volley a ball over a net and force it to hit the ground on opponent's side.",
"It is a popular in other countries in Southeast Asia also.",
"A rather similar game but played only with the feet is Buka ball.",
"Rugby is also a growing sport in Thailand with the Thailand national rugby union team rising to be ranked 61st in the world.",
"Thailand became the first country in the world to host an international 80 kg welterweight rugby tournament in 2005.",
"The national domestic Thailand Rugby Union (TRU) competition includes several universities and services teams such as Chulalongkorn University, Mahasarakham University, Kasetsart University, Prince of Songkla University, Thammasat University, Rangsit University, the Thai Police, the Thai Army, the Thai Navy and the Royal Thai Air Force.",
"Local sports clubs which also compete in the TRU include the British Club of Bangkok, the Southerners Sports Club (Bangkok) and the Royal Bangkok Sports Club.",
"Thailand has been called the Golf Capital of Asia as it is a popular destination for golf.",
"The country attracts a large number of golfers from Japan, Korea, Singapore, South Africa and Western countries who come to play golf in Thailand every year.",
"The growing popularity of golf, especially among the middle classes and expats, is evident since there are more than 200 world-class golf courses nationwide, and some of them are chosen to host PGA and LPGA tournaments, such as Amata Spring Country Club, Alpine Golf & Sports Club, Thai Country Club and Black Mountain Golf Club.",
"Basketball is also a growing sport in Thailand, especially on the professional sports club level.",
"The Chang Thailand Slammers won the 2011 Asean Basketball League Championship.",
"The Thailand national basketball team had its most successful year at the 1966 Asian Games where it won the silver medal.",
"Other sports in Thailand are slowly growing as the country develops its sporting infrastructure.",
"The success in sports like weightlifting and Taekwondo at the last two Summer Olympic Games has demonstrated that boxing is no longer the only medal chance for Thailand."
] |
[
2
] |
Homeostasis
|
How does a biological system normally respond a perturbation?
|
Biology
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
3
] |
[
"Homeostasis is the ability of an open system to regulate its internal environment to maintain stable conditions by means of multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustments controlled by interrelated regulation mechanisms.",
"All living organisms, whether unicellular or multicellular, exhibit homeostasis.",
"To maintain dynamic equilibrium and effectively carry out certain functions, a system must detect and respond to perturbations.",
"After the detection of a perturbation, a biological system normally responds through negative feedback.",
"This means stabilizing conditions by either reducing or increasing the activity of an organ or system.",
"One example is the release of glucagon when sugar levels are too low."
] |
[
5
] |
Commonly considered thermodynamic processes
|
At what sort of pressure does an isobaric process occur?
|
Thermodynamics
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
3
] |
[
"It is often convenient to study a thermodynamic process in which a single variable, such as temperature, pressure, or volume, etc., is held fixed.",
"Furthermore, it is useful to group these processes into pairs, in which each variable held constant is one member of a conjugate pair.",
"Several commonly studied thermodynamic processes are:",
"Isobaric process: occurs at constant pressure",
"Isochoric process: occurs at constant volume (also called isometric/isovolumetric)",
"Isothermal process: occurs at a constant temperature",
"Adiabatic process: occurs without loss or gain of energy as heat",
"Isentropic process: a reversible adiabatic process occurs at a constant entropy, but is a fictional idealization.",
"Conceptually it is possible to actually physically conduct a process that keeps the entropy of the system constant, allowing systematically controlled removal of heat, by conduction to a cooler body, to compensate for entropy produced within the system by irreversible work done on the system.",
"Such isentropic conduct of a process seems called for when the entropy of the system is considered as an independent variable, as for example when the internal energy is considered as a function of the entropy and volume of the system, the natural variables of the internal energy as studied by Gibbs.",
"Isenthalpic process: occurs at a constant enthalpy",
"Isolated process: no matter or energy (neither as work nor as heat) is transferred into or out of the system",
"It is sometimes of interest to study a process in which several variables are controlled, subject to some specified constraint.",
"In a system in which a chemical reaction can occur, for example, in which the pressure and temperature can affect the equilibrium composition, a process might occur in which temperature is held constant but pressure is slowly altered, just so that chemical equilibrium is maintained all the way.",
"There is a corresponding process at constant temperature in which the final pressure is the same but is reached by a rapid jump.",
"Then it can be shown that the volume change resulting from the rapid jump process is smaller than that from the slow equilibrium process.",
"The work transferred differs between the two processes."
] |
[
0
] |
In rabbinical literature
|
Bathsheba's grandfather was who?
|
Bathsheba
| true | 3ART
|
[
0
] |
[
"Bathsheba was the granddaughter of Ahithophel, David's famous counselor.",
"The Haggadah states that Ahithophel, was misled by his knowledge of astrology into believing himself destined to become king of Israel.",
"He therefore induced Absalom to commit an unpardonable crime (II Sam.",
"xvi.",
"21), which sooner or later would have brought with it, according to Jewish law, the penalty of death; the motive for this advice being to remove Absalom, and thus to make a way for himself to the throne.",
"His astrological information had been, however, misunderstood by him; for in reality it only predicted that his granddaughter, Bathsheba, the daughter of his son Eliam, would become queen (Sanh.",
"101b, YalḲ.",
"Sam.",
"§ 150).",
"The Midrash portrays the influence of Satan bringing about the sinful relation of David and Bathsheba as follows: Bathsheba was bathing, perhaps behind a screen of wickerwork.",
"Satan is depicted as coming in the disguise of a bird.",
"David, shooting at the bird, strikes the screen, splitting it; thus Bathsheba is revealed in her beauty to David (Sanhedrin 107a)."
] |
[
3
] |
Lyric video
|
Who from AOL music spoke about the video?
|
Wide Awake (Katy Perry song)
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
3
] |
[
"A lyric video of the track was released on May 20, 2012, when Perry was set to premiere the song at the 2012 Billboard Music Awards.",
"The video implemented the use of the Facebook timeline and displayed a range of posts about the release of the album \"Teenage Dream\", the seven singles from \"California Gurls\" to \"Part of Me\", and the various achievements for the singles and the album.",
"The lyric video received positive reviews from critics with many praising Perry's different approach to lyric videos on YouTube.",
"Contessa Gayles from AOL Music commented that the video \"is practically a music video in itself\".",
"Jenna Rubenstein from MTV Buzzworthty stated, \"it's a clever and emotional way to recall her past successes and offer fans some closure on this chapter of the Katy Perry journey.\""
] |
[
3
] |
Universities and schools
|
how long has fencing been around?
|
Fencing
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"Fencing has a long history with universities and schools for at least 500 years.",
"At least one style of fencing, Mensur in Germany, is practiced only within universities.",
"University students compete internationally at the World University Games.",
"The United States holds two national level university tournaments including the NCAA championship and the USACFC National Championships tournaments in the USA and the BUCS fencing championships in the United Kingdom.",
"Equipment costs and the relatively small scale of the sport limits university fencing to a small number of schools.",
"National fencing organizations have set up programs to encourage more students to fence.",
"Examples include the Regional Youth Circuit program in the USA and the Leon Paul Youth Development series in the UK.",
"In recent years, attempts have been made to introduce fencing to a wider and younger audience, by using foam and plastic swords, which require much less protective equipment.",
"This makes it much less expensive to provide classes, and makes it easier to take fencing to a wider range of schools than traditionally has been the case.",
"There is even a competition series in Scotland – the Plastic-and-Foam Fencing FunLeague – specifically for Primary and early Secondary school-age children using this equipment.",
"The UK hosts two national competitions in which schools compete against each other directly: the Public Schools Fencing Championship, a competition only open to Independent Schools, and the Scottish Secondary Schools Championships, open to all secondary schools in Scotland.",
"It contains both teams and individual events and is highly anticipated.",
"Schools organise matches directly against one another and school age pupils can compete individually in the British Youth Championships.",
"Many universities in Ontario, Canada have fencing teams that participate in an annual inter-university competition called the OUA Finals."
] |
[
5
] |
Preparation and serving
|
When cooking bulgogi, when should the meat be marinated?
|
Bulgogi
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
2
] |
[
"",
"\"Bulgogi\" is made from thin slices of sirloin or other prime cuts of beef.",
"Before cooking, the meat is marinated to enhance its flavour and tenderness with a mixture of soy sauce, sugar, sesame oil, garlic, pepper and other ingredients such as scallions, ginger, onions or mushrooms, especially white button mushrooms or \"matsutake\".",
"Sometimes, cellophane noodles are added to the dish, which varies by the region and specific recipe.",
"\"Bulgogi\" is traditionally grilled, but pan-cooking has become popular as well.",
"Whole cloves of garlic, sliced onions and chopped green peppers are often grilled or fried with the meat.",
"This dish is sometimes served with a side of lettuce or other leafy vegetable, which is used to wrap a slice of cooked meat, often along with a dab of \"ssamjang\", or other side dishes, and then eaten together."
] |
[
2
] |
Licensing with other brands and companies
|
What company did Six Flags partner with to make their video game?
|
Six Flags
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
2
] |
[
"Six Flags has licensed its name and its theme park creations to other companies, who have used these assets to create licensed products.",
"One such example is the theme park simulation game Roller Coaster Tycoon 2, which featured recreations of Six Flags parks and rides that could be expanded and operated at the player's discretion.",
"Six Flags has also partnered with Brash Entertainment to create a video game called Six Flags Fun Park.",
"It allows the player to explore the themed areas and mini-games representative of a visit to a Six Flags park.",
"In the game, players are tasked with quests that encourage them to explore the park's universe.",
"After creating a unique custom character, Six Flags Fun Park patrons can win prizes, and compete with other players in 40 mini-games.",
"Although the video game is called \"Six Flags Fun Park\", it lacks any major reference of Six Flags.",
"This caused some to speculate that the video game was created then the rights to the name of the game were sold as a way to pay for the game's development.",
"In recent years, Six Flags has created strategic partnerships with other companies who would feature their products inside the parks.",
"On March 30, 2006, Six Flags announced that it will sell no other pizza besides Papa John's at its parks.",
"In turn, Six Flags will receive an annual sponsorship and promotional opportunities from Papa John's, though financial details of the deal have not been disclosed.",
"However, in the 2011 season, it was replaced by another pizza brand.",
"Other recent partners have included Cold Stone Creamery, Johnny Rockets, Tyson Foods (chicken), Chrysler, and Nintendo, which added testing stations in several parks to show off its Wii console.",
"In late 2010, Six Flags began the process of removing licensed theming from attractions.",
"They terminated licenses with Thomas the Tank Engine, The Wiggles, Tony Hawk, Evel Knievel, and Terminator."
] |
[
0
] |
Sculptural features
|
Who wrote, "Pinpointing the Past in Washington, D.C."?
|
Lincoln Memorial
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
5
] |
[
"The sculpture has been at the center of two urban legends.",
"Some have claimed that the face of General Robert E. Lee was carved onto the back of Lincoln's head, and looks back across the Potomac toward his former home, Arlington House, now within the bounds of Arlington National Cemetery.",
"Another popular legend is that Lincoln is shown using sign language to represent his initials, with his left hand shaped to form an \"A\" and his right hand to form an \"L\", the president's initials.",
"The National Park Service denies both legends.",
"However, historian Gerald Prokopowicz writes that, while it is not clear that sculptor Daniel Chester French intended Lincoln's hands to be formed into sign language versions of his initials, it is possible that French did intend it, because he was familiar with American Sign Language, and he would have had a reason to do so, that is, to pay tribute to Lincoln for having signed the federal legislation giving Gallaudet University, a university for the deaf, the authority to grant college degrees.",
"The National Geographic Society's publication, \"Pinpointing the Past in Washington, D.C.\" states that Daniel Chester French had a son who was deaf and that the sculptor was familiar with sign language.",
"Historian James A. Percoco has observed that, although there are no extant documents showing that French had Lincoln's hands carved to represent the letters \"A\" and \"L\" in American Sign Language, \"I think you can conclude that it's reasonable to have that kind of summation about the hands.\""
] |
[
3
] |
Roasting
|
Why does roasting change a coffee seed?
|
Coffee
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
3
] |
[
"The next step in the process is the roasting of the green coffee.",
"Coffee is usually sold in a roasted state, and with rare exceptions all coffee is roasted before it is consumed.",
"It can be sold roasted by the supplier, or it can be home roasted.",
"The roasting process influences the taste of the beverage by changing the coffee seed both physically and chemically.",
"The seed decreases in weight as moisture is lost and increases in volume, causing it to become less dense.",
"The density of the seed also influences the strength of the coffee and requirements for packaging.",
"The actual roasting begins when the temperature inside the seed reaches approximately , though different varieties of seeds differ in moisture and density and therefore roast at different rates.",
"During roasting, caramelization occurs as intense heat breaks down starches, changing them to simple sugars that begin to brown, which alters the color of the seed.",
"Sucrose is rapidly lost during the roasting process and may disappear entirely in darker roasts.",
"During roasting, aromatic oils and acids weaken, changing the flavor; at , other oils start to develop.",
"One of these oils, caffeol, is created at about , which is largely responsible for coffee's aroma and flavor."
] |
[
1
] |
Construction
|
What year saw the largest of the seven bells in the leaning tower installed?
|
Leaning Tower of Pisa
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
16,
15
] |
[
"Construction of the tower occurred in three stages across 199 years.",
"Work on the ground floor of the white marble campanile began on August 14, 1173, during a period of military success and prosperity.",
"This ground floor is a blind arcade articulated by engaged columns with classical Corinthian capitals.",
"The tower began to sink after construction had progressed to the second floor in 1178.",
"This was due to a mere three-metre foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil, a design that was flawed from the beginning.",
"Construction was subsequently halted for almost a century, because the Republic of Pisa was almost continually engaged in battles with Genoa, Lucca, and Florence.",
"This allowed time for the underlying soil to settle.",
"Otherwise, the tower would almost certainly have toppled.",
"In 1198 clocks were temporarily installed on the third floor of the unfinished construction.",
"In 1272 construction resumed under Giovanni di Simone, architect of the Camposanto.",
"In an effort to compensate for the tilt, the engineers built upper floors with one side taller than the other.",
"Because of this, the tower is actually curved.",
"Construction was halted again in 1284, when the Pisans were defeated by the Genoans in the Battle of Meloria.",
"The seventh floor was completed in 1319.",
"It was built by Tommaso di Andrea Pisano, who succeeded in harmonizing the Gothic elements of the bell-chamber with the Romanesque style of the tower.",
"There are seven bells, one for each note of the musical major scale.",
"The largest one was installed in 1655.",
"The bell-chamber was finally added in 1372.",
"After a phase (1990–2001) of structural strengthening, the tower is currently undergoing gradual surface restoration, in order to repair visible damage, mostly corrosion and blackening.",
"These are particularly pronounced due to the tower's age and its exposure to wind and rain."
] |
[
0
] |
Costs of restoration programmes
|
Who was the director of the museum of Versailles in the 1950s?
|
Palace of Versailles
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
1
] |
[
"The restoration initiatives launched by the Fifth Republic have proven to be perhaps more costly than the expenditures of the palace in the Ancien Régime.",
"Starting in the 1950s, when the museum of Versailles was under the directorship of Gérald van der Kemp, the objective was to restore the palace to its state – or as close to it as possible – in 1789 when the royal family left the palace.",
"Among the early projects was the repair of the roof over the Hall of Mirrors; the publicity campaign brought international attention to the plight of post-war Versailles and garnered much foreign money including a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation.",
"Concurrently, in Russia, the restoration of the Pavlovsk Palace located outside of Leningrad – today's Saint Petersburg – brought the attention of French museum authorities, including the curators of Versailles (Massie, 1990).",
"Pavlovsk Palace was built by Catherine the Great's son Paul.",
"The czarevitch and his wife, Marie Feodorovna, were avid francophiles, who, on a visit to France and Versailles in the 1780s, purchased great quantities of silk, which they later used to upholster furniture in Pavlosk.",
"The palace survived the Russian Revolution intact – descendants of Paul I were living in the palace at the time the communists evicted them – however, during the Second World War, the furniture and artifacts housed in the palace, which had been transformed into a museum, were removed.",
"In the process of evacuation the museum collections, remnants of the silks purchased by Paul I of Russia and Marie Feodorovna were found and conserved.",
"After the war when Soviet authorities were restoring the palace, which had been gutted by the retreating Nazi forces, they recreated the silk fabrics by using the conserved 18th century remnants (Massie, 1990).",
"When the French authorities saw the results of Russian efforts and the high quality they were able to achieve, the French revived 18th-century weaving techniques so as to reproduce the silks used in the decoration of Versailles (Massie, 1990).",
"The two greatest achievements of this initiative are seen today in wall hangings used in the restoration of the \"chambre de la reine\" in the \"grand appartement de reine\" and the \"chambre du roi\" in the \"appartement du roi\".",
"While the design used for the \"chambre du roi\" was, in fact, from a design that had been used during the \"Ancien Régime\" to decorate the \"chambre de la reine\", it nevertheless represents a great achievement in the on-going restoration at Versailles.",
"Additionally, this project, which took over seven years to achieve, required several hundred kilograms of silver and gold to complete (Meyer, 1989).",
"One of the more costly endeavors for the museum and the government of France's Fifth Republic has been to repurchase as much of the original furnishings as possible.",
"However, because furniture with a royal provenance – and especially furniture that was made for Versailles – is a highly sought after commodity on the international market, the museum has spent considerable funds on retrieving much of the palace's original furnishings (Kemp, 1976).",
"In 2003, a new restoration initiative – the \"Grand Versailles\" project – was started, which necessitated unexpected repair and replantation of the gardens.",
"The project will be on-going for the next seventeen years, funded with a state endowment of €135 million allocated for the first seven years.",
"The project will address such concerns as security for the palace, and continued restoration of the \"bosquet des trois fontaines\".",
"VINCI underwrote the €12 million restoration project for the Hall of Mirrors, which was completed in 2006 (Leloup, 2006).",
"We may never know the true amount spent on the creation of Versailles, and most current estimates are speculative.",
"A recent estimate has placed the amount spent on Versailles during the \"Ancien régime\" as US$2 billion (Littell, 2000).",
"This figure in all probability is an under-evaluation of the money spent on Versailles.",
"France's Fifth Republic expenditures alone that have been directed to restoration and maintenance at Versailles undoubtedly surpass those of the Sun King."
] |
[
3
] |
DVD releases
|
Who owns the rights to release DVDs of the TV show Rules of Engagement in Region 1?
|
Rules of Engagement (TV series)
| false | 1TV
|
[
0
] |
[
"Sony Pictures Home Entertainment owns the rights to release DVDs in Region 1.",
"The fifth season of the series was made available beginning February 7, 2012, exclusively as a made-on-demand release from Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, in conjunction with amazon.com.",
"Similarly, the sixth season received a MOD release from online retailers, on October 2, 2012.",
"Paramount Pictures, in conjunction with CBS Home Entertainment, will start releasing the series on DVD internationally in 2011.",
"Season One was released in the UK (Region 2 DVD) on April 4, 2011.",
"Note: Following the events of Charlie Sheen’s departure from \"Two and a Half Men\", CBS ordered an additional two episodes for \"Rules of Engagement\"’s fifth season, bringing the total number of episodes to 26 from the initial 24 ordered.",
"Despite the episodes, \"Scavenger Hunt\" and \"Cheating,\" airing during the sixth season, they were originally produced for the fifth season, and are included in the fifth season collection.",
"Therefore, the sixth season’s DVD release features the 13 episodes produced over that time period, versus the 15 that were broadcast by CBS."
] |
[
3
] |
Russian Revolution
|
What date did Bolsheviks accept the treaty?
|
World War I
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
11
] |
[
"Despite the success of the June 1916 Brusilov Offensive in eastern Galicia, dissatisfaction with the Russian government's conduct of the war grew.",
"The offensive's success was undermined by the reluctance of other generals to commit their forces to support the victory.",
"Allied and Russian forces were revived only temporarily by Romania's entry into the war on 27 August.",
"German forces came to the aid of embattled Austro-Hungarian units in Transylvania while a German-Bulgarian force attacked from the south, and Bucharest fell to the Central Powers on 6 December.",
"Meanwhile, unrest grew in Russia, as the Tsar remained at the front.",
"Empress Alexandra's increasingly incompetent rule drew protests and resulted in the murder of her favourite, Rasputin, at the end of 1916.",
"In March 1917, demonstrations in Petrograd culminated in the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the appointment of a weak Provisional Government, which shared power with the Petrograd Soviet socialists.",
"This arrangement led to confusion and chaos both at the front and at home.",
"The army became increasingly ineffective.",
"Discontent and the weaknesses of the Provisional Government led to a rise in the popularity of the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, which demanded an immediate end to the war.",
"The successful armed uprising by the Bolsheviks of November was followed in December by an armistice and negotiations with Germany.",
"At first, the Bolsheviks refused the German terms, but when German troops began marching across the Ukraine unopposed, the new government acceded to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on 3 March 1918.",
"The treaty ceded vast territories, including Finland, the Baltic provinces, parts of Poland and Ukraine to the Central Powers.",
"Despite this enormous apparent German success, the manpower required for German occupation of former Russian territory may have contributed to the failure of the Spring Offensive and secured relatively little food or other materiel.",
"With the adoption of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the Entente no longer existed.",
"The Allied powers led a small-scale invasion of Russia, partly to stop Germany from exploiting Russian resources and, to a lesser extent, to support the \"Whites\" (as opposed to the \"Reds\") in the Russian Civil War.",
"Allied troops landed in Arkhangelsk and in Vladivostok as part of the North Russia Intervention."
] |
[
0
] |
Gastrointestinal distress
|
What are some side effects?
|
Chemotherapy
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
1
] |
[
"Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and constipation are common side-effects of chemotherapeutic medications that kill fast-dividing cells.",
"Malnutrition and dehydration can result when the patient does not eat or drink enough, or when the patient vomits frequently, because of gastrointestinal damage.",
"This can result in rapid weight loss, or occasionally in weight gain, if the patient eats too much in an effort to allay nausea or heartburn.",
"Weight gain can also be caused by some steroid medications.",
"These side-effects can frequently be reduced or eliminated with antiemetic drugs.",
"Self-care measures, such as eating frequent small meals and drinking clear liquids or ginger tea, are often recommended.",
"In general, this is a temporary effect, and frequently resolves within a week of finishing treatment.",
"However, a high index of suspicion is appropriate, since diarrhea and bloating are also symptoms of typhlitis, a very serious and potentially life-threatening medical emergency that requires immediate treatment."
] |
[
0
] |
Prehistory of Anatolia and Eastern Thrace
|
Who founded the first major empire in the Turkish area?
|
Turkey
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
13
] |
[
"Prehistory of Anatolia and Eastern Thrace.",
"The Anatolian peninsula, comprising most of modern Turkey, is one of the oldest permanently settled regions in the world.",
"Various Ancient Anatolian populations have lived in Anatolia, beginning with the Neolithic period until conquest of Alexander the Great.",
"Many of these peoples spoke the Anatolian languages, a branch of the larger Indo-European language family.",
"In fact, given the antiquity of the Indo-European Hittite and Luwian languages, some scholars have proposed Anatolia as the hypothetical center from which the Indo-European languages radiated.",
"European part of Turkey, called Eastern Thrace, has also been inhabited since forty thousand years ago, and is known to have been in the Neolithic era by about 6000 B.C.",
"with its inhabitants starting the practice of agriculture.Göbekli Tepe is the site of the oldest known man-made religious structure, a temple dating to 10,000 BC, while Çatalhöyük is a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BCE to 5700 BCE.",
"It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date and in July 2012 was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.",
"The settlement of Troy started in the Neolithic Age and continued into the Iron Age.",
"The earliest recorded inhabitants of Anatolia were the Hattians and Hurrians, non-Indo-European peoples who inhabited central and eastern Anatolia, respectively, as early as ca.",
"2300 BC.",
"Indo-European Hittites came to Anatolia and gradually absorbed the Hattians and Hurrians ca.",
"2000–1700 BC.",
"The first major empire in the area was founded by the Hittites, from the eighteenth through the 13th century BC.",
"The Assyrians conquered and settled parts of southeastern Turkey as early as 1950 BC until the year 612 BC.",
"Following the collapse of the Hittite empire c. 1180 BC, the Phrygians, an Indo-European people, achieved ascendancy in Anatolia until their kingdom was destroyed by the Cimmerians in the 7th century BC.",
"The most powerful of Phrygia's successor states were Lydia, Caria and Lycia."
] |
[
3
] |
Planning direct action
|
What caused Franz Ferinand to throw his weapons out the train of a window?
|
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
15
] |
[
"Planning direct action.",
"Danilo Ilić was a Bosnian Orthodox Serb.",
"He had worked as a school teacher and as a bank worker but in 1913 and 1914 he lived with, and outwardly off, his mother, who operated a small boarding house in Sarajevo.",
"Secretly, Ilić was leader of the Serbian-irredentist Black Hand cell in Sarajevo.",
"In late 1913, Danilo Ilić came to the Serbian listening post at Užice to speak to the officer in charge, Serbian Colonel C. A. Popović, who was a captain at the time and a member of the Black Hand.",
"Ilić recommended an end to the period of revolutionary organization building and a move to direct action against Austria-Hungary.",
"Popović passed Danilo Ilić on to Belgrade to discuss this matter with Chief of Serbian Military Intelligence Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijević, known more commonly as Apis.",
"By 1913, Apis and his fellow military conspirators (drawn heavily from the ranks of the May 1903 coup) had come to dominate what was left of the Black Hand.",
"There are no reports as to what took place between Ilić and Apis, but soon after their meeting, Apis's righthand man and fellow Black Hander, Serbian Major Vojislav Tankosić, who by this time was in charge of guerrilla training, called a Serbian irredentist planning meeting in Toulouse, France.",
"Amongst those summoned to the Toulouse meeting was Muhamed Mehmedbašić, a carpenter by trade and son of an impoverished Muslim noble from Herzegovina.",
"He too was a member of the Black Hand, having been sworn into the organization by Black Hand Provincial Director for Bosnia-Herzegovina Vladimir Gacinović and Danilo Ilić.",
"Mehmedbašić was (here quoting Albertini paraphrasing Mehmedbašić) \"eager to carry out an act of terrorism to revive the revolutionary spirit of Bosnia.\"",
"During this January 1914 meeting, various possible Austro-Hungarian targets for assassination were discussed, including Franz Ferdinand.",
"However, the participants decided only to dispatch Mehmed Mehmedbašić to Sarajevo, to kill the Governor of Bosnia, Oskar Potiorek.",
"On his way to Bosnia-Herzegovina from France, police searched Mehmedbašić's train for a thief.",
"Thinking the police might be after him, he threw his weapons (a dagger and a bottle of poison) out the train window.",
"Once he arrived in Bosnia-Herzegovina he had to set about looking for replacement weapons."
] |
[
0
] |
Influence
|
Who was Francis Bacon inspired by when creating a series of painting starting in 1957?
|
Vincent van Gogh
| false | 3ART
|
[
8,
9
] |
[
"In his final letter to Theo, Van Gogh admitted that as he did not have any children, he viewed his paintings as his progeny.",
"Reflecting on this, the historian Simon Schama concluded that he \"did have a child of course, Expressionism, and many, many heirs.\"",
"Schama mentioned many artists who have adapted elements of Van Gogh's style, including Willem de Kooning, Howard Hodgkin and Jackson Pollock.",
"The Fauves extended both his use of color and freedom in application, as did German Expressionists of the Die Brücke group, and as other early modernists.",
"Abstract Expressionism of the 1940s and 1950s is seen as in part inspired from Van Gogh's broad, gestural brush strokes.",
"In the words of art critic Sue Hubbard: \"At the beginning of the twentieth century Van Gogh gave the Expressionists a new painterly language that enabled them to go beyond surface appearance and penetrate deeper essential truths.",
"It is no coincidence that at this very moment Freud was also mining the depths of that essentially modern domain – the subconscious.",
"This beautiful and intelligent exhibition places Van Gogh where he firmly belongs; as the trailblazer of modern art.",
"\"In 1957, Francis Bacon (1909–1992) based a series of paintings on reproductions of Van Gogh's \"The Painter on the Road to Tarascon\", the original of which was destroyed during World War II.",
"Bacon was inspired by not only an image he described as \"haunting\", but also Van Gogh himself, whom Bacon regarded as an alienated outsider, a position which resonated with Bacon.",
"The Irish artist further identified with Van Gogh's theories of art and quoted lines written in a letter to Theo, \"painters do not paint things as they are...",
"They paint them as \"they themselves\" feel them to be.\"",
"An exhibition devoted to Vincent van Gogh's letters took place in the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam from October 2009 to January 2010 and then moved to the Royal Academy in London from late January to April.",
"The Van Gogh Museum hosted an exhibition \"Van Gogh at Work\" featuring 200 paintings and drawings, 150 of them by van Gogh and others including Paul Gauguin and Émile Bernard; from May 1, 2013 until January 12, 2014. "
] |
[
2,
3
] |
Georgia – massacre in Tbilisi
|
What events radicalised Georgian politics?
|
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
0,
1,
2
] |
[
"On April 7, 1989 troops and armored personnel carriers were sent onto the streets of Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people gathered in front of the Government and Communist Party headquarters, many with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and urging the full integration into Georgia of the autonomous region of Abkhazia.",
"On 9 April 9, 1989 at least sixteen people were killed and more than 200 wounded when troops attacked the peaceful demonstrators.",
"This event radicalised Georgian politics, prompting many to conclude that independence was preferable to continued Soviet rule.",
"On 14 April 1989 Gorbachev removed Jumber Patiashvili as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party for his poor handling of the April events and replaced him with the former Georgian KGB chief Givi Gumbaridze.",
"On July 16, 1989 in Sukhumi capital of Abkhazia a protest against the opening of a Georgian university branch in the town led to violence that quickly degenerated into a large-scale inter-ethnic confrontation in which 18 died and hundreds were injured before Soviet troops restored order.",
"This riot marked the start of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict."
] |
[
0
] |
Process
|
When in the process of making bacon is it smoked?
|
Bacon
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
8
] |
[
"First, pork bellies are sorted by size and fat percentage.",
"They are then placed into a large machine that rotates (often called a tumbler).",
"This softens the bellies, which makes it easier to remove the rinds.",
"The bellies are then cut, either manually or mechanically, to remove the skin from the meat.",
"The skins may be used to be processed into pork rinds.",
"The bacon is then treated by a brine solution.",
"The brine solution may contain the flavorings, or the flavorings may be added later.",
"After being brined, the bacon is smoked.",
"Depending on where the bacon is made, the smoking process is different.",
"The bacon is then cooked in an oven and soon after chilled for a few days.",
"The cooling makes the meat firm which makes it easier to slice.",
"After being cooled, the bacon is sliced into strips.",
"The bacon is then cooked.",
"The fat that cooks off the bacon is sometimes collected to be used for things like gravy and pet foods.",
"The bacon strips are then ready for consumption.",
"If the bacon is made for commercial use then the strips are packaged."
] |
[
2
] |
Online promotion
|
Which series were before "Falling Skies"?
|
Falling Skies
| false | 1TV
|
[
5
] |
[
"Online promotion.",
"For the first season, character videos were made available online.",
"The videos explore the main characters of the series.",
"As part of the promotional campaign, a vehicle, with the TNT logo and called \"Falling Skies Technical\", was released as a free gift in the social networking game \"Mafia Wars\" on June 14, 2011.",
"Following the second season premiere on June 17, 2012, a live after-show titled \"2nd Watch\" hosted by Wil Wheaton premiered.",
"The series airs after encore presentations of \"Falling Skies\" on TNT's official site.",
"Wheaton discusses the latest episode with actors and producers of the series."
] |
[] |
History
|
Which chemical reactions have been known since antiquity?
|
Chemical reaction
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0
] |
[
"Chemical reactions such as combustion in the fire, fermentation and the reduction of ores to metals were known since antiquity.",
"Initial theories of transformation of materials were developed by Greek philosophers, such as the Four-Element Theory of Empedocles stating that any substance is composed of the four basic elements – fire, water, air and earth.",
"In the Middle Ages, chemical transformations were studied by Alchemists.",
"They attempted, in particular, to convert lead into gold, for which purpose they used reactions of lead and lead-copper alloys with sulfur.",
"The production of chemical substances that do not normally occur in nature has long been tried, such as the synthesis of sulfuric and nitric acids attributed to the controversial alchemist Jābir ibn Hayyān.",
"The process involved heating of sulfate and nitrate minerals such as copper sulfate, alum and saltpeter.",
"In the 17th century, Johann Rudolph Glauber produced hydrochloric acid and sodium sulfate by reacting sulfuric acid and sodium chloride.",
"With the development of the lead chamber process in 1746 and the Leblanc process, allowing large-scale production of sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate, respectively, chemical reactions became implemented into the industry.",
"Further optimization of sulfuric acid technology resulted in the contact process in 1880s, and the Haber process was developed in 1909–1910 for ammonia synthesis.",
"From the 16th century, researchers including Jan Baptist van Helmont, Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton tried to establish theories of the experimentally observed chemical transformations.",
"The phlogiston theory was proposed in 1667 by Johann Joachim Becher.",
"It postulated the existence of a fire-like element called \"phlogiston\", which was contained within combustible bodies and released during combustion.",
"This proved to be false in 1785 by Antoine Lavoisier who found the correct explanation of the combustion as reaction with oxygen from the air.",
"Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac recognized in 1808 that gases always react in a certain relationship with each other.",
"Based on this idea and the atomic theory of John Dalton, Joseph Proust had developed the law of definite proportions, which later resulted in the concepts of stoichiometry and chemical equations.",
"Regarding the organic chemistry, it was long believed that compounds obtained from living organisms were too complex to be obtained synthetically.",
"According to the concept of vitalism, organic matter was endowed with a \"vital force\" and distinguished from inorganic materials.",
"This separation was ended however by the synthesis of urea from inorganic precursors by Friedrich Wöhler in 1828.",
"Other chemists who brought major contributions to organic chemistry include Alexander William Williamson with his synthesis of ethers and Christopher Kelk Ingold, who, among many discoveries, established the mechanisms of substitution reactions."
] |
[] |
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