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Axis advance stalls (1942–43)
|
Which government wanted a "ring" built around Germany?
|
World War II
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
6
] |
[
"Axis advance stalls (1942–43).",
"In January, the United States, Britain, Soviet Union, China, and 22 smaller or exiled governments issued the Declaration by United Nations, thereby affirming the Atlantic Charter, and agreeing to not to sign separate peace with the Axis powers.",
"During 1942 Allied officials debated on the appropriate grand strategy to pursue.",
"All agreed that defeating Germany was the primary objective.",
"The Americans favoured a straightforward, large-scale attack on Germany through France.",
"The Soviets were also demanding a second front.",
"The British, on the other hand, argued that military operations should target peripheral areas in order to throw a \"ring\" around Germany which would wear out German strength, lead to increasing demoralisation, and bolster resistance forces.",
"Germany itself would be subject to a heavy bombing campaign.",
"An offensive against Germany would then be launched primarily by Allied armour without using large-scale armies.",
"Eventually, the British persuaded the Americans that a landing in France was infeasible in 1942 and they should instead focus on driving the Axis out of North Africa.",
"At the Casablanca Conference in early 1943 the Allies issued a declaration declaring that they would not negotiate with their enemies and demanded their unconditional surrender.",
"The British and Americans agreed to continue to press the initiative in the Mediterranean by invading Sicily to fully secure the Mediterranean supply routes.",
"Although the British argued for further operations in the Balkans to bring Turkey into the war, in May 1943 the Americans extracted a British commitment to limit Allied operations in the Mediterranean to an invasion of the Italian mainland and to invade France in 1944."
] |
[] |
Awards and nominations
|
When did The Big Bang Theory win a comedy award?
|
The Big Bang Theory
| true | 1TV
|
[
0
] |
[
"In August 2009, the sitcom won the best comedy series TCA award and Jim Parsons (Sheldon) won the award for individual achievement in comedy.",
"In 2010, the show won the People's Choice Award for Favorite Comedy, while Parsons won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series.",
"On January 16, 2011, Parsons was awarded a Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series – Comedy or Musical, an award that was presented by co-star Kaley Cuoco.",
"On September 18, 2011, Parsons was again awarded an Emmy for Best Actor in a Comedy Series.",
"On January 9, 2013, the show won People's Choice Award for Favorite Comedy for a second time.",
"!| Year!| Award show!| Category!| Result!| Recipient(s)"
] |
[
2
] |
Cover versions
|
What year was the song Hey Jude covered and performed on the TV show Glee?
|
Hey Jude
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
3
] |
[
"",
"\"Weird Al\" Yankovic included the song in his first polka medley \"Polkas on 45\" from his 1984 album \"\"Weird Al\" Yankovic in 3-D\".",
"Katy Perry performed a cover of the song as part of the 2012 MusiCares Person of the Year concert honoring McCartney, and in her 2012 film \"\".",
"The song was performed by the members of glee club in the 2013 \"Glee\" episode \"Tina in the Sky with Diamonds\" and the soundtrack \"Glee Sings the Beatles\", in which the song is shortened to four minutes and fifty-one seconds.",
"In the late 1960s, famous singer Sinn Sisamouth recorded a Cambodian version of \"Hey Jude\".",
"South African band Dr Victor and the Rasta Rebels included a version on their greatest hits album.",
"Wilson Pickett covered the song in 1968 with pre-Allman Brothers Band session musician Duane Allman on guitar.",
"In the 2011 \"Top Gear\" the song was covered by the \"Top Gear band\" - consisting of presenters Jeremy Clarkson (drums), Richard Hammond (double bass) and James May (keyboard) as well as executive producer Andy Wilman (vocals) - during a trade fair in Delhi.",
"For rights reasons, in the DVD version of the episode it is replaced by \"Sowing the Seeds of Love\" by Tears for Fears."
] |
[
0
] |
Coating
|
Can metal on metal deposition be used to prevent corrosion?
|
Electrochemistry
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0,
2
] |
[
"Metals can be coated with paint or other less conductive metals (\"passivation\").",
"This prevents the metal surface from being exposed to electrolytes.",
"Scratches exposing the metal substrate will result in corrosion.",
"The region under the coating adjacent to the scratch acts as the anode of the reaction.",
"See Anodizing"
] |
[] |
Energy
|
How much of the global coal reserves does the US have?
|
United States
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
7
] |
[
"The United States energy market is 29,000 terawatt hours per year.",
"Energy consumption per capita is 7.8 tons of oil equivalent per year, the 10th highest rate in the world.",
"In 2005, 40% of this energy came from petroleum, 23% from coal, and 22% from natural gas.",
"The remainder was supplied by nuclear power and renewable energy sources.",
"The United States is the world's largest consumer of petroleum.",
"For decades, nuclear power has played a limited role relative to many other developed countries, in part because of public perception in the wake of a 1979 accident.",
"In 2007, several applications for new nuclear plants were filed.",
"The United States has 27% of global coal reserves.",
"It is the world's largest producer of natural gas and crude oil."
] |
[
5
] |
Religion
|
How many people of Jewish descent live in Spain?
|
Spain
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
17
] |
[
"Roman Catholicism has long been the main religion of Spain, and although it no longer has official status by law, in all public schools in Spain students have to choose either a religion or ethics class, and Catholicism is the only religion officially taught.",
"According to an April 2012 study by the Spanish Center of Sociological Research about 71% of Spaniards self-identify as Catholics, 2.7% other faith, and about 24% identify with no religion (9.4% of the total are atheists).",
"Most Spaniards do not participate regularly in religious services.",
"This same study shows that of the Spaniards who identify themselves as religious, 59% hardly ever or never go to church, 15% go to church some times a year, 8% some time per month and 14% every Sunday or multiple times per week.",
"Altogether, about 22% of the entire Spanish population attends religious services at least once per month.",
"Though Spanish society has become considerably more secular in recent decades, the influx of Latin American immigrants, who tend to be strong Catholic practitioners, has helped the Catholic Church to recover.",
"Protestant churches have about 1,200,000 members.",
"There are about 105,000 Jehovah's Witnesses.",
"The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has approximately 46,000 adherents in 133 congregations in all regions of the country and has a temple in the Moratalaz District of Madrid.",
"A study made by \"Unión de comunidades islámicas de España\" demonstrated that there were about 1,700,000 inhabitants of Muslim background living in Spain as of 2012, accounting for 3-4% of the total population of Spain.",
"The vast majority was composed of immigrants and descendants originating from Morocco and other African countries.",
"More than 514,000 (30%) of them had Spanish nationality.",
"The recent waves of immigration have also led to an increasing number of Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs and Muslims.",
"After the Reconquista in 1492, Muslims did not live in Spain for centuries.",
"Late 19th-century colonial expansion in northwestern Africa gave a number of residents in Spanish Morocco and Western Sahara full citizenship.",
"Their ranks have since been bolstered by recent immigration, especially from Morocco and Algeria.",
"Judaism was practically non-existent in Spain from the 1492 expulsion until the 19th century, when Jews were again permitted to enter the country.",
"Currently there are around 62,000 Jews in Spain, or 0.14% of the total population.",
"Most are arrivals in the past century, while some are descendants of earlier Spanish Jews.",
"Approximately 80,000 Jews are thought to have lived in Spain on the eve of the Spanish Inquisition."
] |
[
5
] |
Competitions
|
What competition does the People's Republic of China hold for Wushu?
|
Wushu (sport)
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
9
] |
[
"List of major international and regional competitions featuring wushu:",
" World Wushu Championships",
" World Junior Wushu Championships",
" World Games",
" World Combat Games",
" Asian Games",
" East Asian Games",
" Southeast Asian Games",
" European Wushu Championships, organised by the European Wushu Federation",
" National Games of the People's Republic of China",
" South Asian Games",
" Mediterranean Games",
" Lusofonia Games"
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
What is the primary appeal of snorkeling?
|
Snorkeling
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
4
] |
[
"Snorkeling (British and Commonwealth English spelling: snorkelling) is the practice of swimming on or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped tube called a snorkel, and usually fins.",
"In cooler waters, a wetsuit may also be worn.",
"Use of this equipment allows the snorkeler to observe underwater attractions for extended periods of time with relatively little effort.",
"Snorkeling is a popular recreational activity, particularly at tropical resort and scuba diving locations.",
"The primary appeal is the opportunity to observe underwater life in a natural setting without the complicated equipment and training required for scuba diving.",
"It appeals to all ages because of how little effort there is, and without the exhaled bubbles of scuba-diving equipment.",
"It is the basis of the two surface disciplines of the underwater sport of finswimming.",
"Snorkeling is also used by scuba divers when on the surface, in underwater sports such as underwater hockey and underwater rugby, and as part of water-based searches conducted by search and rescue teams."
] |
[
0
] |
Origin
|
What was the origin of Udon that took place in 1241?
|
Udon
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
1
] |
[
"There are many stories explaining the origin of udon.",
"One story says that in AD.1241, Enni, a Rinzai monk, introduced flour milling technology to Japan.",
"Floured crops were then made into noodles such as udon, soba, and pancakes which were eaten by locals.",
"Milling techniques were spread around the country.",
"In the Edo period, the thicker wheat noodle was generally called udon, and served with a hot broth called nurumugi(温麦).",
"The chilled variety was called hiyamugi(冷麦).",
"Another story states that in Nara period, a Japanese envoy was introduced to 14 kinds of confection whilst in Tang Dynasty China.",
"One of them was called sakubei(索餅).",
"Sakubei was listed as 'muginawa'(牟義縄) on Shin Senji Kyo(新撰字鏡), a dictionary which was published in Heian Era.",
"The muginawa is believed to be an origin for many kinds of Japanese noodles.",
"However, the muginawa listed on Shin Senji Kyo(新撰字鏡) was made with wheat and rice flour.",
"Another historical story for udon claims that the original name of the noodle was 'konton', which was made with wheat flour and sweet fillings.",
"Yet another story says that a Buddhist priest called Kukai introduced udon noodles to Shikoku during the Heian Era.",
"In China, similar thick wheat flour noodles are called \"cū miàn\" (粗麵).",
"This noodle was 2 to 3 mm in diameter, a flat pancake-shaped \"noodle\" added to miso-based soup.",
"The Sino-Japanese characters for udon (饂飩) is similar to, but different from, the modern Chinese characters for wonton, which is called hún dùn in Mandarin (馄炖), a type of dumplings.",
"In Chinese, udon noodles are called \"wūdōngmiàn\" (烏冬 \"wūdōng\" or 烏冬麵), and sometimes \"wūlóngmiàn\" (烏龍麵), which has the same characters as those used in \"Oolong\" tea (\"wūlóngchá\", 烏龍茶), though there is no semantic relation between the two usages.Kūkai, the Buddhist priest, traveled to China around the beginning of the 9th century to study.",
"Sanuki Province claimed to have been the first to adopt udon noodles from Kūkai.",
"Hakata claimed to have produced udon noodles based on Enni's recipe."
] |
[
0
] |
The periodic table and a natural number for each element
|
What result came of more chemically similar lanthanide elements being discovered?
|
Atomic number
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
7
] |
[
"The periodic table and a natural number for each element.",
"Loosely speaking, the existence or construction of a periodic table of elements creates an ordering of the elements, and so they can be numbered in order.",
"Dmitri Mendeleev claimed that he arranged his first periodic tables in order of atomic weight (\"Atomgewicht\").",
"However, in consideration of the elements' observed chemical properties, he changed the order slightly and placed tellurium (atomic weight 127.6) ahead of iodine (atomic weight 126.9).",
"This placement is consistent with the modern practice of ordering the elements by proton number, \"Z\", but that number was not known or suspected at the time.",
"A simple numbering based on periodic table position was never entirely satisfactory, however.",
"Besides the case of iodine and tellurium, later several other pairs of elements (such as argon and potassium, cobalt and nickel) were known to have nearly identical or reversed atomic weights, thus requiring their placement in the periodic table to be determined by their chemical properties.",
"However the gradual identification of more and more chemically similar lanthanide elements, whoise atomic number was not obvious, led to inconsistency and uncertainty in the periodic numbering of elements at least from lutetium (element 71) onwards (hafnium was not known at this time).",
"[[File:Henry Moseley.jpg|140px|thumb|Henry Moseley helped develop the concept of atomic number by showing experimentally (1913) that Van den Broek's 1911 hypothesis combined with the Bohr model nearly correctly predicted atomic X-ray emissions.]]"
] |
[
0
] |
Federal state
|
What did early draft introduce?
|
Switzerland
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
14
] |
[
"The restoration of the power to the patriciate was only temporary.",
"After a period of unrest with repeated violent clashes such as the Züriputsch of 1839, civil war broke out in 1847 when some of the Catholic cantons tried to set up a separate alliance (the \"Sonderbundskrieg\").",
"The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties, most of which were through friendly fire.",
"However minor the Sonderbundskrieg seems to be when compared with other European riots and wars in the 19th century, it nevertheless had a major impact on both the psychology and the society of the Swiss and of Switzerland.",
"The war convinced most Swiss of the need for unity and strength towards its European neighbours.",
"Swiss people from all strata of society, whether Catholic or Protestant, from the liberal or conservative current, realised that the cantons would profit more if their economic and religious interests were merged.",
"Thus, while the rest of Europe saw revolutionary uprisings, the Swiss drew up a constitution which provided for a federal layout, much of it inspired by the American example.",
"This constitution provided for a central authority while leaving the cantons the right to self-government on local issues.",
"Giving credit to those who favoured the power of the cantons (the Sonderbund Kantone), the national assembly was divided between an upper house (the Swiss Council of States, 2 representatives per canton) and a lower house (the National Council of Switzerland, representatives elected from across the country).",
"Referenda were made mandatory for any amendment of this constitution.",
"A system of single weights and measures was introduced and in 1850 the Swiss franc became the Swiss single currency.",
"Article 11 of the constitution forbade sending troops to serve abroad, though the Swiss were still obliged to serve Francis II of the Two Sicilies with Swiss Guards present at the Siege of Gaeta in 1860, marking the end of foreign service.",
"An important clause of the constitution was that it could be re-written completely if this was deemed necessary, thus enabling it to evolve as a whole rather than being modified one amendment at a time.",
"This need soon proved itself when the rise in population and the Industrial Revolution that followed led to calls to modify the constitution accordingly.",
"An early draft was rejected by the population in 1872 but modifications led to its acceptance in 1874.",
"It introduced the facultative referendum for laws at the federal level.",
"It also established federal responsibility for defense, trade, and legal matters.",
"In 1891, the constitution was revised with unusually strong elements of direct democracy, which remain unique even today."
] |
[
0
] |
Solar astronomy
|
What is the time fluctuation in sunspot numbers?
|
Astronomy
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
4
] |
[
"Specific subfields.",
"Solar astronomy.",
"At a distance of about eight light-minutes, the most frequently studied star is the Sun, a typical main-sequence dwarf star of stellar class G2 V, and about 4.6 billion years (Gyr) old.",
"The Sun is not considered a variable star, but it does undergo periodic changes in activity known as the sunspot cycle.",
"This is an 11-year fluctuation in sunspot numbers.",
"Sunspots are regions of lower-than- average temperatures that are associated with intense magnetic activity.",
"The Sun has steadily increased in luminosity over the course of its life, increasing by 40% since it first became a main-sequence star.",
"The Sun has also undergone periodic changes in luminosity that can have a significant impact on the Earth.",
"The Maunder minimum, for example, is believed to have caused the Little Ice Age phenomenon during the Middle Ages.",
"The visible outer surface of the Sun is called the photosphere.",
"Above this layer is a thin region known as the chromosphere.",
"This is surrounded by a transition region of rapidly increasing temperatures, and finally by the super-heated corona.",
"At the center of the Sun is the core region, a volume of sufficient temperature and pressure for nuclear fusion to occur.",
"Above the core is the radiation zone, where the plasma conveys the energy flux by means of radiation.",
"Above that are the outer layers that form a convection zone where the gas material transports energy primarily through physical displacement of the gas.",
"It is believed that this convection zone creates the magnetic activity that generates sun spots.",
"A solar wind of plasma particles constantly streams outward from the Sun until, at the outermost limit of the solar system, it reaches the heliopause.",
"This solar wind interacts with the magnetosphere of the Earth to create the Van Allen radiation belts about the Earth, as well as the aurora where the lines of the Earth's magnetic field descend into the atmosphere."
] |
[
0
] |
Modern dissenting hypotheses
|
According to Dobrev, whose image is the Sphinx based off of?
|
Great Sphinx of Giza
| false | 3ART
|
[
5
] |
[
"Rainer Stadelmann, former director of the German Archaeological Institute in Cairo, examined the distinct iconography of the \"nemes\" (headdress) and the now-detached beard of the Sphinx and concluded that the style is more indicative of the Pharaoh Khufu (2589–2566 BC), builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza and Khafra's father.",
"He supports this by suggesting that Khafra's Causeway was built to conform to a pre-existing structure, which, he concludes, given its location, could only have been the Sphinx.",
"Colin Reader, an English geologist who independently conducted a more recent survey of the enclosure, agrees that the various quarries on the site have been excavated around the Causeway.",
"Because these quarries are known to have been used by Khufu, Reader concludes that the Causeway (and the temples on either end thereof) must predate Khufu, thereby casting doubt on the conventional Egyptian chronology.",
"In 2004, Vassil Dobrev of the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale in Cairo announced that he had uncovered new evidence that the Great Sphinx may have been the work of the little-known Pharaoh Djedefre (2528–2520 BC), Khafra's half brother and a son of Khufu.",
"Dobrev suggests that Djedefre built the Sphinx in the image of his father Khufu, identifying him with the sun god Ra in order to restore respect for their dynasty.",
"Dobrev also notes, like Stadelmann and others, that the causeway connecting Khafre's pyramid to the temples was built around the Sphinx suggesting it was already in existence at the time."
] |
[] |
Legal controls
|
When is a profession said to be regulated?
|
Medicine
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
6
] |
[
"In most countries, it is a legal requirement for a medical doctor to be licensed or registered.",
"In general, this entails a medical degree from a university and accreditation by a medical board or an equivalent national organization, which may ask the applicant to pass exams.",
"This restricts the considerable legal authority of the medical profession to physicians that are trained and qualified by national standards.",
"It is also intended as an assurance to patients and as a safeguard against charlatans that practice inadequate medicine for personal gain.",
"While the laws generally require medical doctors to be trained in \"evidence based\", Western, or Hippocratic Medicine, they are not intended to discourage different paradigms of health.",
"In the European Union, the profession of doctor of medicine is regulated.",
"A profession is said to be regulated when access and exercise is subject to the possession of a specific professional qualification.",
"The regulated professions database contains a list of regulated professions for doctor of medicine in the EU member states, EEA countries and Switzerland.",
"This list is covered by the Directive 2005/36/EC .",
"Doctors who are negligent or intentionally harmful in their care of patients can face charges of medical malpractice and be subject to civil, criminal, or professional sanctions."
] |
[
2
] |
Licensing with other brands and companies
|
Which company did Six Flags collaborate with to make their video game?
|
Six Flags
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
2
] |
[
"Six Flags has licensed its name and its theme park creations to other companies, who have used these assets to create licensed products.",
"One such example is the theme park simulation game Roller Coaster Tycoon 2, which featured recreations of Six Flags parks and rides that could be expanded and operated at the player's discretion.",
"Six Flags has also partnered with Brash Entertainment to create a video game called Six Flags Fun Park.",
"It allows the player to explore the themed areas and mini-games representative of a visit to a Six Flags park.",
"In the game, players are tasked with quests that encourage them to explore the park's universe.",
"After creating a unique custom character, Six Flags Fun Park patrons can win prizes, and compete with other players in 40 mini-games.",
"Although the video game is called \"Six Flags Fun Park\", it lacks any major reference of Six Flags.",
"This caused some to speculate that the video game was created then the rights to the name of the game were sold as a way to pay for the game's development.",
"In recent years, Six Flags has created strategic partnerships with other companies who would feature their products inside the parks.",
"On March 30, 2006, Six Flags announced that it will sell no other pizza besides Papa John's at its parks.",
"In turn, Six Flags will receive an annual sponsorship and promotional opportunities from Papa John's, though financial details of the deal have not been disclosed.",
"However, in the 2011 season, it was replaced by another pizza brand.",
"Other recent partners have included Cold Stone Creamery, Johnny Rockets, Tyson Foods (chicken), Chrysler, and Nintendo, which added testing stations in several parks to show off its Wii console.",
"In late 2010, Six Flags began the process of removing licensed theming from attractions.",
"They terminated licenses with Thomas the Tank Engine, The Wiggles, Tony Hawk, Evel Knievel, and Terminator."
] |
[] |
Abstract
|
What is a brownie a mix of?
|
Chocolate brownie
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
1
] |
[
"A chocolate brownie is a flat, baked square or bar developed in the United States at the end of the 19th century and popularized in both the U.S. and Canada during the first half of the 20th century.",
"The brownie is a cross between a cake and a cookie in texture.",
"Brownies come in a variety of forms.",
"They are either fudgy or cakey, depending on their density, and they may include nuts, frosting, whipped cream, chocolate chips, or other ingredients.",
"A variation that is made with brown sugar and no chocolate is called a blondie.",
"Brownies are common lunchbox fare, typically eaten by hand, and often accompanied by milk or coffee.",
"They are sometimes served warm with ice cream (à la mode), topped with whipped cream or marzipan, or sprinkled with powdered sugar.",
"They are especially popular in restaurants, where they can be found in variation on many dessert menus."
] |
[
0
] |
In translation
|
What part binds mRNA and carries out protein synthesis?
|
RNA
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
13
] |
[
"Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries information about a protein sequence to the ribosomes, the protein synthesis factories in the cell.",
"It is coded so that every three nucleotides (a codon) correspond to one amino acid.",
"In eukaryotic cells, once precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) has been transcribed from DNA, it is processed to mature mRNA.",
"This removes its introns—non-coding sections of the pre-mRNA.",
"The mRNA is then exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is bound to ribosomes and translated into its corresponding protein form with the help of tRNA.",
"In prokaryotic cells, which do not have nucleus and cytoplasm compartments, mRNA can bind to ribosomes while it is being transcribed from DNA.",
"After a certain amount of time the message degrades into its component nucleotides with the assistance of ribonucleases.",
"Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small RNA chain of about 80 nucleotides that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation.",
"It has sites for amino acid attachment and an anticodon region for codon recognition that binds to a specific sequence on the messenger RNA chain through hydrogen bonding.",
"Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the catalytic component of the ribosomes.",
"Eukaryotic ribosomes contain four different rRNA molecules: 18S, 5.8S, 28S and 5S rRNA.",
"Three of the rRNA molecules are synthesized in the nucleolus, and one is synthesized elsewhere.",
"In the cytoplasm, ribosomal RNA and protein combine to form a nucleoprotein called a ribosome.",
"The ribosome binds mRNA and carries out protein synthesis.",
"Several ribosomes may be attached to a single mRNA at any time.",
"Nearly all the RNA found in a typical eukaryotic cell is rRNA.",
"Transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) is found in many bacteria and plastids.",
"It tags proteins encoded by mRNAs that lack stop codons for degradation and prevents the ribosome from stalling."
] |
[
0
] |
East Europe breaks away
|
In what year did the Berlin Wall Fall?
|
Cold War
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
6
] |
[
"By 1989, the Soviet alliance system was on the brink of collapse, and, deprived of Soviet military support, the Communist leaders of the Warsaw Pact states were losing power.",
"Grassroots organizations, such as Poland's Solidarity movement, rapidly gained ground with strong popular bases.",
"In 1989, the Communist governments in Poland and Hungary became the first to negotiate the organizing of competitive elections.",
"In Czechoslovakia and East Germany, mass protests unseated entrenched Communist leaders.",
"The Communist regimes in Bulgaria and Romania also crumbled, in the latter case as the result of a violent uprising.",
"Attitudes had changed enough that US Secretary of State James Baker suggested that the American government would not be opposed to Soviet intervention in Romania, on behalf of the opposition, to prevent bloodshed.",
"The tidal wave of change culminated with the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, which symbolized the collapse of European Communist governments and graphically ended the Iron Curtain divide of Europe.",
"The 1989 revolutionary wave swept across Central and Eastern Europe peacefully overthrew all the Soviet-style communist states: East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria, Romania was the only Eastern-bloc country to topple its communist regime violently and execute its head of state."
] |
[
0
] |
Location
|
Where is the traditional location?
|
Last Supper
| false | 3ART
|
[
4
] |
[
"According to later tradition, the Last Supper took place in what is called today The Room of the Last Supper on Mount Zion, just outside of the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem, and is traditionally known as \"The Upper Room\".",
"This is based on the account in the Synoptic Gospels that states that Jesus had instructed a pair of unnamed disciples to go to \"the city\" to meet \"a man carrying a jar of water\", who would lead them to a house, where they would find \"a large upper room furnished and ready\".",
"In this upper room they \"prepare the Passover\".",
"No more specific indication of the location is given in the New Testament, and the \"city\" referred to may be a suburb of Jerusalem, such as Bethany, rather than Jerusalem itself.",
"The traditional location is in an area that, according to archaeology, had a large Essene community, a point made by scholars who suspect a link between Jesus and the group (Kilgallen 265).",
"Saint Mark's Syrian Orthodox Church in Jerusalem is another possible site for the room in which the Last Supper was held, and contains a Christian stone inscription testifying to early reverence for that spot.",
"Certainly the room they have is older than that of the current coenaculum (crusader - 12th century) and as the room is now underground the relative altitude is correct (the streets of 1st century Jerusalem were at least twelve feet (3.6 metres) lower than those of today, so any true building of that time would have even its upper storey currently under the earth).",
"They also have a revered Icon of the Virgin Mary, reputedly painted from life by St Luke.",
"Bargil Pixner claims the original site is located beneath the current structure of the Cenacle on Mount Zion."
] |
[
4
] |
Civil War and aftermath
|
What were the domains that the programme was designed to reform?
|
Algeria
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
12
] |
[
"In December 1991 the Islamic Salvation Front dominated the first of two rounds of legislative elections.",
"Fearing the election of an Islamist government, the authorities intervened on 11 January 1992, cancelling the elections.",
"Bendjedid resigned and a High Council of State was installed to act as Presidency.",
"It banned the FIS, triggering a civil insurgency between the Front's armed wing, the Armed Islamic Group, and the national armed forces, in which more than 100,000 persons are thought to have died.",
"The Islamist militants conducted a violent campaign of civilian massacres.",
"At several points in the conflict, the situation in Algeria became a point of international concern, most notably during the crisis surrounding Air France Flight 8969, a hijacking perpetrated by the Armed Islamic Group.",
"The Armed Islamic Group declared a ceasefire in October 1997.",
"Algeria held elections in 1999, considered biased by international observers and most opposition groups which were won by President Abdelaziz Bouteflika.",
"He worked to restore political stability to the country and announced a 'Civil Concord' initiative, approved in a referendum, under which many political prisoners were pardoned, and several thousand members of armed groups were granted exemption from prosecution under a limited amnesty, in force until 13 January 2000.",
"The AIS disbanded and levels of insurgent violence fell rapidly.",
"The Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat (GSPC), a splinter group of the Group Islamic Armée, continued a terrorist campaign against the Government.",
"Bouteflika was re-elected in the April 2004 presidential election after campaigning on a programme of national reconciliation.",
"The programme comprised economic, institutional, political and social reform to modernise the country, raise living standards, and tackle the causes of alienation.",
"It also included a second amnesty initiative, the Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation, which was approved in a referendum in September 2005.",
"It offered amnesty to most guerrillas and Government security forces.",
"In November 2008, the Algerian Constitution was amended following a vote in Parliament, removing the two-term limit on Presidential incumbents.",
"This change enabled Bouteflika to stand for re-election in the 2009 presidential elections, and he was re-elected in April 2009.",
"During his election campaign and following his re-election, Bouteflika promised to extend the programme of national reconciliation and a $150-billion spending programme to create three million new jobs, the construction of one million new housing units, and to continue public sector and infrastructure modernisation programmes.",
"A continuing series of protests throughout the country started on 28 December 2010, inspired by similar protests across the Middle East and North Africa.",
"On 24 February 2011, the government lifted Algeria's 19-year-old state of emergency.",
"The government enacted legislation dealing with political parties, the electoral code, and the representation of women in elected bodies.",
"In April 2011, Bouteflika promised further constitutional and political reform.",
"However, elections are routinely criticized by opposition groups as unfair and international human rights groups say that media censorship and harassment of political opponents continue."
] |
[
0
] |
Strategy
|
What is the primary strategy of racquetball?
|
Racquetball
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"The primary strategy of racquetball is to command the center of the court just at or behind the dashed receiving line.",
"This allows the player to move as quickly as possible to all areas of the court and limit open court areas which are difficult to defend.",
"After a shot, return quickly to center court.",
"The antithesis of this is to be against a wall which severely limits the player's movement and allows the opponent an open court.",
"Keep an eye on the opponent by glancing sideways to anticipate their return shot and move appropriately in the court.",
"Learn the typical return shots of the opponent and move appropriately in the court for a return shot.",
"Attempt to not be predictable with your return shots.",
"Other more obvious strategies are to keep the returned ball as low on the front wall as possible, keeping the ball moving fast (limiting reaction time) and to keep your opponent moving away from center court by the use of lobs, cross court shots, and dinks."
] |
[
0
] |
Windmills
|
What does Golden Gate Park use to pump in water?
|
Golden Gate Park
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
0,
2,
3,
4
] |
[
"In 1902, the parks commission authorized construction of two windmills to pump subterranean water to supply the park.",
"The first, on the north side of the park facing the Pacific Ocean, was completed in 1903 and became known first as the North Windmill and later as the Dutch Windmill; it is now paired with the Queen Wilhelmina Tulip Garden.",
"The second, Murphy's Windmill, on the south side of the park, began operation in 1908.",
"They operated for several decades, but fell into disrepair after the park switched to electric water pumps.",
"The Dutch Windmill was restored in 1981, with Murphy's Windmill's restoration completed in September 2011."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
I believe i can fly is a soundtrack song in what movie?
|
I Believe I Can Fly
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
1
] |
[
"\"I Believe I Can Fly\" is a 1996 song by R&B singer R. Kelly.",
"The song was written, produced and performed by Kelly and was featured on the soundtrack to the 1996 film \"Space Jam\".",
"It was originally released on November 26, 1996, but later appeared in Kelly's 1998 album \"R.\".",
"In early 1997, \"I Believe I Can Fly\" reached number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100; it was kept from the No.",
"1 spot by Toni Braxton's \"Un-Break My Heart\".",
"Despite the fact that two of R. Kelly's songs did reach number one, \"I Believe I Can Fly\" remains the biggest hit of R. Kelly's career.",
"The single was number one on the R&B Singles chart (for six nonconsecutive weeks), and also topped the charts in the United Kingdom.",
"It has won three Grammy Awards, and was ranked No.",
"406 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2004.",
"The music video was directed by Hype Williams."
] |
[
0
] |
Track listings
|
How long is "Talk to Me"?
|
Call Me Maybe
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
5
] |
[
"Digital download",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" – 3:13",
"Digital EP",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" – 3:13",
" \"Both Sides Now\" – 3:53",
" \"Talk to Me\" – 2:50",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" (Instrumental) – 3:13",
"CD single",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" – 3:13",
" \"Both Sides Now\" – 3:53",
"Remix EP",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" (Manhattan Clique Remix) – 5:56",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" (Almighty Club Mix) – 6:58",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" (10 Kings.VS.",
"Ollie Green Remix) – 3:08",
" \"Call Me Maybe\" (Coyote Kisses Remix) – 4:46"
] |
[
5
] |
Background
|
When did the shooting of the music video "Wide Awake" start?
|
Wide Awake (Katy Perry song)
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
4
] |
[
"Music video.",
"In March 2012, during an interview with MTV, Perry stated: \"I know exactly what that music video is.",
"I know exactly who is directing it.",
"I know the art direction, the people, the narrative, and I had that idea while I was writing the song\".",
"Filming of the official 3D music video for \"Wide Awake\" began on April 30, 2012 and ended on May 2, 2012.",
"The music video was directed by Tony T. Datis and will be used as a tie-in promotion for her 2012 3D autobiographical documentary film, \"\", as part of her deal with Pepsi.",
"On June 12, 2012, an official trailer directed by Lance Drake, was released on Perry's VEVO channel.",
"It started with a girl flipping through a book which displays flashbacks of the \"Teenage Dream\" era, describing each of the singles as a 'chapter', with Wide Awake being 'the final chapter'.",
"It also unveiled that there will be a fairytale storyline, with 'a giant labyrinth, a poisoned strawberry, a curious cat, prince charming, and a little girl'.",
"A second preview aired on June 13, 2012 during the season finale of the program \"Randy Jackson Presents: America's Best Dance Crew\"."
] |
[
2
] |
Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth
|
What year was the Brest Bible published?
|
Protestant Reformation
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
9
] |
[
"In the first half of the 16th century, the enormous Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a country of many creeds, but Roman Catholic Church remained the dominating religion.",
"Reformation reached Poland in the 1520s, and quickly gained popularity among mostly German-speaking inhabitants of such major cities, as Gdańsk, Toruń and Elbląg.",
"In Koenigsberg, in 1530, Polish-language edition of Luther's Small Catechism was published.",
"The Duchy of Prussia, which was a Polish fief, emerged as key center of the movement, with numerous publishing houses issuing not only Bibles, but also catechisms, in German, Polish and Lithuanian.",
"Lutheranism gained popularity in northern part of the country, while Calvinism caught the interest of szlachta, mainly in Lesser Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.",
"Several publishing houses were opened in Lesser Poland in mid-16th century, in such locations, as Słomniki and Raków.",
"At that time, Mennonites and Czech Brothers came to Poland, with the latter ones settling mostly in Greater Poland, around Leszno.",
"In 1565, Polish Brethren appeared as yet another reformation movement.",
"The 16th century Commonwealth was unique in Europe, because of widespread tolerance, confirmed by the Warsaw Confederation.",
"In 1563, the Brest Bible was published (see also Bible translations into Polish).",
"The period of tolerance ended during the reign of King Sigismund III Vasa, who was under strong influence of Piotr Skarga and other Jesuits.",
"After the Deluge, and other wars of the mid-17th century, in which all enemies of Poland were either Protestant or Orthodox Christians, the attitude of Poles changed.",
"Counter-Reformation prevailed, in 1658 Polish Brethren were forced to leave the country, and in 1666, the Sejm banned apostasy from Catholicism to any other religion, under punishment of death.",
"Finally, in 1717, the Silent Sejm banned non-Catholics from becoming deputies of the Parliament.",
"Among most important Protestants of the Commonwealth, there are such names, as Mikołaj Rej, Marcin Czechowic, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski and Symon Budny."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
Construction began at Disneyland in what year?
|
Disneyland
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
6
] |
[
"Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17, 1955.",
"It is the only theme park designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney.",
"It was originally the only attraction on the property; its name was changed to Disneyland Park to distinguish it from the expanding complex in the 1990s.",
"Walt Disney came up with the concept of Disneyland after visiting various amusement parks with his daughters in the 1930s and 1940s.",
"He initially envisioned building a tourist attraction adjacent to his studios in Burbank to entertain fans who wished to visit; however, he soon realized that the proposed site was too small.",
"After hiring a consultant to help him determine an appropriate site for his project, Walt bought a site near Anaheim in 1953.",
"Construction began in 1954 and the park was unveiled during a special televised press event on the ABC Television Network on July 17, 1955.",
"Since its opening, Disneyland has undergone a number of expansions and renovations, including the addition of New Orleans Square in 1966, Bear Country (now Critter Country) in 1972, and Mickey's Toontown in 1993.",
"Disney California Adventure Park was built on the site of Disneyland's original parking lot and opened in 2001.",
"Disneyland has a larger cumulative attendance than any other theme park in the world, with over 650 million guests since it opened.",
"In 2011, the park hosted approximately 16.14 million guests, making it the second most visited park in the world that calendar year.",
"According to a March 2005 report from the Disney Company, there are 65,700 jobs supported by the Disneyland Resort, which includes, at the Resort itself, 20,000 direct Disney employees and 3,800 third-party employees (that is, independent contractors or their employees)."
] |
[
0
] |
Riding
|
What causes the rider to be launched?
|
Wakeboarding
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
6
] |
[
"Using edging techniques, the rider can move outside of the wake or cut rapidly in toward the wake.",
"Jumps are performed by riding towards and up the wake and launching into the air.",
"This can also be done by riding up a kicker (a jump).",
"There is also the slider (a rail bar) in which a rider approaches and rides along keeping his balance.",
"Once a rider improves in the sport, he or she can progress to tricks high in the air.",
"As the rider edges towards the wake against the pull of the rope, the rider builds pressure against the water on the bottom of the board and gains speed and momentum toward the wake.",
"When the rider rides up the wake, the energy of the wake launches him airborne.",
"While in the air, the rider attempts to do tricks.",
"Tricks vary from beginner to advanced."
] |
[
0
] |
United Kingdom
|
What are glazed twisted rope shaped doughnuts known as?
|
Doughnut
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
1
] |
[
"In some parts of Scotland, ring doughnuts are referred to as \"doughrings\", with the 'doughnut' moniker being reserved exclusively for the nut-shaped variety.",
"Glazed, twisted rope-shaped doughnuts are known as \"yum-yums\".",
"It is also possible to buy fudge doughnuts in certain regions of Scotland.",
"Also known as doughnoughts, referring to the 'zero' shape or 'nought', being supplied in bakeries and supermarkets.",
"Fillings include jam, custard, cream, sweet mincemeat, chocolate and apple.",
"Common ring toppings are sprinkle-iced and chocolate.",
"In Northern Ireland, ring doughnuts are known as 'gravy rings', gravy being an archaic term for hot cooking oil."
] |
[
0
] |
Foreign relations
|
What year did Saudi Arabia joined the UN?
|
Saudi Arabia
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
0
] |
[
"Saudi Arabia joined the UN in 1945 and is a founding member of the Arab League, Gulf Cooperation Council, Muslim World League, and the Organization of the Islamic Conference (now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation).",
"It plays a prominent role in the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and in 2005 joined the World Trade Organization.",
"Saudi Arabia supports the intended formation of the Arab Customs Union in 2015 and an Arab common market by 2020, as announced at the 2009 Arab League summit.",
"As a founding member of OPEC, its oil pricing policy has been generally to stabilize the world oil market and try to moderate sharp price movements so as to not jeopardise the Western economies.",
"Between the mid-1970s and 2002 Saudi Arabia expended over $70 billion in \"overseas development aid\".",
"However, there is evidence that the vast majority was, in fact, spent on propagating and extending the influence of Wahhabism at the expense of other forms of Islam.",
"There has been an intense debate over whether Saudi aid and Wahhabism has fomented extremism in recipient countries.",
"The two main allegations are that, by its nature, Wahhabism encourages intolerance and promotes terrorism.",
"Former CIA director James Woolsey described it as \"the soil in which Al-Qaeda and its sister terrorist organizations are flourishing.\"",
"However, the Saudi government strenuously denies these claims or that it exports religious or cultural extremism.",
"In the Arab and Muslim worlds, Saudi Arabia is considered to be pro-Western and pro-American, and it is certainly a long-term ally of the United States.",
"However, this and Saudi Arabia's role in the 1991 Persian Gulf War, particularly the stationing of U.S. troops on Saudi soil from 1991, prompted the development of a hostile Islamist response internally.",
"As a result, Saudi Arabia has, to some extent, distanced itself from the U.S. and, for example, refused to support or to participate in the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003.",
"Relations with the United States became strained following 9/11.",
"American politicians and media accused the Saudi government of supporting terrorism and tolerating a \"jihadist\" culture.",
"Indeed, Osama bin Laden and fifteen out of the nineteen 9/11 hijackers were from Saudi Arabia.",
"According to the former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, \"Saudi Arabia remains a critical financial support base for al-Qaida, the Taliban, LeT and other terrorist groups... Donors in Saudi Arabia constitute the most significant source of funding to Sunni terrorist groups worldwide.",
"\"Saudi Arabia's increasing alarm at the rise of Iran is reflected in the reported private comments of King Abdullah urging the US to attack Iran and \"cut off the head of the snake\".",
"The tentative rapprochement between the US and Iran that began in secret in 2011 was said to be feared by the Saudis, and, during the run up to the widely welcomed deal on Iran's nuclear programme that capped the first stage of US–Iranian détente, Robert Jordan, who was U.S. ambassador to Riyadh from 2001 to 2003, said \"Saudis' worst nightmare would be the [Obama administration striking a grand bargain with Iran.\"",
"Saudi Arabia has been seen as a moderating influence in the Arab-Israeli conflict, periodically putting forward a peace plan between Israel and the Palestinians and condemning Hezbollah.",
"Following the Arab Spring Saudi Arabia offered asylum to deposed President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali of Tunisia and King Abdullah telephoned President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt (prior to his deposition) to offer his support."
] |
[
0
] |
Allegations of partisanship
|
For Whose killing is referred to by opponents of the Obama administration as a possible partisan element of the film Zero Dark Thirty?
|
Zero Dark Thirty
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
2
] |
[
"Allegations of partisanship.",
"Partisan political controversy arose related to the film before shooting began.",
"Opponents of the Obama Administration charged that \"Zero Dark Thirty\" was scheduled for an October release just before the November presidential election to support his re-election, as Bin Laden's killing is regarded as a success for President Obama.",
"Sony denied that politics was a factor in release scheduling and said the date was the best available spot for an action-thriller in a crowded lineup.",
"The film's screenwriter added, \"the president is not depicted in the movie.",
"He's just not in the movie.",
"\"The distributor Columbia Pictures, sensitive to political perceptions, considered rescheduling the film release for as late as early 2013.",
"It set a limited-release date for December 19, 2012, well after the election and rendering moot any alleged political conflict.",
"The nationwide release date was pushed back to January 11, 2013, moving it out of the crowded Christmas period and closer to the Academy Awards.",
"After the film's limited release, given the controversy related to the film's depiction of torture and its role in gaining critical information, \"The New York Times\" columnist Frank Bruni concluded that the film is \"a far, far cry from the rousing piece of pro-Obama propaganda that some conservatives feared it would be\".",
"Two months later, the paper's columnist Roger Cohen wrote that the film was \"a courageous work that is disturbing in the way that art should be\".",
"Cohen disagreed with Steve Coll's critique of the screenwriter's stated effort not to \"play fast and loose with history\", writing that \"Boal has honored those words\".",
"Cohen ended with a note about a Timothy Garton Ash analysis of George Orwell mixing fact and \"invented\" stories in \"Down and Out in Paris and London\" – as further support for Boal's method."
] |
[] |
Animation Courtyard
|
What is the subject of the third segment of the animation tour at Hollywood Studios?
|
Disney's Hollywood Studios
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
8
] |
[
"This section of the park originally was the starting point for the tours of the park's active production studios.",
"Its entrance is marked by a square \"studio arch,\" much like a real Hollywood studio lot entrance might be marked.",
"The Animation Courtyard is home to a number of attractions based on Disney characters.",
"The Magic of Disney Animation is an attraction that examines the development process of an animated character.",
"It also includes interactive games and exhibits, along with meet-and-greet areas for Disney and Pixar characters.",
"When the park first opened in 1989, the \"Feature Animation\" pavilion of \"The Magic of Disney Animation,\" designed originally by award winning experience designer Bob Rogers (designer) and the design team BRC Imagination Arts, included four connected experiences which explored the legacy of Disney animation.",
"The tour commenced with a short film, entitled \"Back to Neverland,\" in which Veteran newscaster, Walter Cronkite and comedian Robin Williams described the animation process by turning Williams into an animated character in the form of one of the \"Lost Boys\" of Peter Pan.",
"Following that introductory film, guest would witness the process of animation, first-hand, from elevated, glass-enclosed walkways within one of Disney's actual animation studios, located on the park grounds.",
"The third segment of the animation tour was a short film in which Disney Animators described the joy of the art of animation.",
"A finale film, entitled \"Classic Disney\" presented a montage of key moments from classic animated Disney films.",
"Mickey Avenue, a sub-section of Animation Courtyard, is home to a walk-through exhibit, , which explores the life and legacy of Walt Disney through photos, models, rare artifacts, and a short biographical film narrated by Julie Andrews.",
"The Legend of Captain Jack Sparrow, is an immersive special effects attraction centered on the adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow from the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" series.",
"The Courtyard section also hosts two live shows.",
"\"Disney Junior Live on Stage!\"",
"entertains guests with puppet characters from the \"Disney Junior\" block of programming on The Disney Channel, including Mickey Mouse Clubhouse, Doc McStuffins, and Sofia the First.",
"Across the plaza, \"Voyage of the Little Mermaid\" uses glow-in-the-dark puppets, lasers, music, projectors, human actors and water effects to re-create favorite scenes and songs from the animated \"Little Mermaid\" film."
] |
[
0
] |
Casualties and survivors
|
How many people died because the Titanic sank?
|
Sinking of the RMS Titanic
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
1
] |
[
"The number of casualties of the sinking is unclear, due to a number of factors, including confusion over the passenger list, which included some names of people who cancelled their trip at the last minute, and the fact that several passengers travelled under aliases for various reasons and were double-counted on the casualty lists.",
"The death toll has been put at between 1,490 and 1,635 people.",
"The figures below are from the British Board of Trade report on the disaster.",
"Less than a third of those aboard \"Titanic\" survived the disaster.",
"Some survivors died shortly afterwards; injuries and the effects of exposure caused the deaths of several of those brought aboard \"Carpathia\".",
"Of the groups shown in the table, 49% of the children, 26% of the female passengers, 82% of the male passengers and 78% of the crew died.",
"The figures show stark differences in the survival rates of the different classes aboard \"Titanic\".",
"Although only 3 percent of first-class women were lost, 54% of those in third class died.",
"Similarly, five of six first-class and all second-class children survived, but 52 of the 79 in third class perished.",
"The only first-class child to perish was Loraine Allison, aged 2.",
"Proportionately, the heaviest losses were suffered by the second-class men, of whom 92% died.",
"Additionally, among the pets brought aboard three survived the sinking."
] |
[
5
] |
Literature
|
What languages did Jose Saramago speak?
|
Spain
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
26
] |
[
"The earliest recorded examples of a vernacular Romance-based literature date from the same time and location, the rich mix of Muslim, Jewish, and Christian cultures in Muslim Spain, in which Maimonides, Averroes, and others worked, The Jarchas.",
"During the Reconquista, the epic poem Cantar de Mio Cid was written about a real man—his battles, conquests, and daily life.",
"Other major plays from the medival times were Mester de Juglaría, Mester de Clerecía, Coplas por la muerte de su padre or The Book of Good Love.",
"During the Renaissance the major plays are La Celestina and El Lazarillo de Tormes, while many religious literature was created with poets as Luis de León, San Juan de la Cruz, Santa Teresa de Jesús, etc.",
"The Baroque is the most important period for Spanish culture.",
"We are in the times of the Spanish Empire.",
"The famous Don Quijote de La Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes was written in this time.",
"Other writers from the period are: Francisco de Quevedo, Lope de Vega, Calderón de la Barca or Tirso de Molina.",
"During the Enlightenment we find names as Leandro Fernández de Moratín, Benito Jerónimo Feijóo, Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos or Leandro Fernández de Moratín.",
"During the Romanticism, José Zorrilla created one of the most emblematic figures in European literature in Don Juan Tenorio.",
"Other writers from this period are Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, José de Espronceda, Rosalía de Castro or Mariano José de Larra.in the Realism we find names as Benito Pérez Galdós, Emilia Pardo Bazán, Leopoldo Alas (Clarín) or Vicente Blasco Ibáñez and Menéndez Pelayo.",
"Realism offered depictions of contemporary life and society 'as they were'.",
"In the spirit of general \"Realism,\" Realist authors opted for depictions of everyday and banal activities and experiences, instead of a romanticized or similarly stylized presentation.",
"The Generation of 1898 The destruction of Spain's fleet in Cuba by U.S. gunboats in 1898 provoked a general cultural crisis in Spain.",
"The \"Disaster\" of 1898 led established writers to seek practical political, economic, and social solutions in essays grouped under the literary heading of \"Regeneracionismo.\"",
"For a group of younger writers, among them Miguel de Unamuno, Pío Baroja, and José Martínez Ruiz (Azorín), the Disaster and its cultural repercussions inspired a deeper, more radical literary shift that affected both form and content.",
"These writers, along with Ramón del Valle-Inclán, Antonio Machado, Ramiro de Maeztu, and Ángel Ganivet, came to be known as the 'Generation of 98.",
"'The Generation of 1914 or Novecentismo The next supposed “generation” of Spanish writers following those of ´98 already calls into question the value of such terminology.",
"By the year 1914—the year of the outbreak of the First World War and of the publication of the first major work of the generation's leading voice, José Ortega y Gasset—a number of slightly younger writers had established their own place within the Spanish cultural field.",
"Leading voices include the poet Juan Ramón Jiménez, the academics and essayists Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Gregorio Marañon, Manuel Azaña, Eugeni d'Ors, and Ortega y Gasset, and the novelists Gabriel Miró, Ramón Pérez de Ayala, and Ramón Gómez de la Serna.",
"While still driven by the national and existential questions that obsessed the writers of ´98, they approached these topics with a greater sense of distance and objectivity.",
"The Generation of 1927, where poets Pedro Salinas, Jorge Guillén, Federico García Lorca, Vicente Aleixandre, Dámaso Alonso.",
"All were scholars of their national literary heritage, again evidence of the impact of the calls of “Regeneracionistas” and the Generation of 1898 for Spanish intelligence to turn at least partially inwards.",
"The two main writers in the second half of the 20th century were the Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Camilo José Cela and Miguel Delibes.",
"Spain is one of the countries with the most number of laureates with the Nobel Prize in Literature, and with latinamerican laureates they made the spanish language literature one of the most laureates of all.",
"The spanish writers are: José Echegaray, Jacinto Benavente, Juan Ramón Jiménez, Vicente Aleixandre and Camilo José Cela.",
"The Portuguese writer José Saramago, also awarded with the prize, lived for many years in Spain and was Portuguese and spanish speaker.",
"He also was well known by his iberist ideas."
] |
[
0
] |
Independence and monarchy
|
During what war did Romania fight alongside Russia?
|
Romania
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
9
] |
[
"During the period of the Austro-Hungarian rule in Transylvania and Ottoman suzerainty over Wallachia and Moldavia, most Romanians were considered second-class citizens or even non-citizens in a territory where they formed the majority of the population.",
"Following the Wallachian uprising of 1821, more insurrections followed in 1848 in Wallachia as well as Moldavia.",
"The flag adopted for Wallachia by the revolutionaries was a blue-yellow-red horizontal tricolour (with blue above, in line with the meaning \"Liberty, Justice, Fraternity\"), while Romanian students in Paris hailed the new government with the same flag \"as a symbol of union between Moldavians and Muntenians\".",
"The same flag, with the tricolour being mounted vertically, would later on be officially adopted as the national flag of Romania.",
"After the failed 1848 Revolution, the Great Powers did not support the Romanians' expressed desire to officially unite in a one single state, which forced them to proceed alone with their struggle against the Ottomans.",
"The electors in both Moldavia and Wallachia chose in 1859 the same leader –Alexandru Ioan Cuza– to be their Ruling Prince (\"Domnitor\" in Romanian).",
"Thus, Romania was created as a personal union, albeit without including Transylvania.",
"There, the upper class and the aristocracy chose to remain under Hungarian rule, even though the Romanians were by far the most numerous ethnic Transylvanian group and constituted the absolute majority.",
"In an 1866 \"coup d'état\", Cuza was exiled and replaced by Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, who became known as Prince Carol I of Romania.",
"During the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War Romania fought on the Russian side, and as a result of it in the Treaty of San Stefano and the Treaty of Berlin, Romania was recognized as an independent state both by the Ottoman Empire and the Great Powers.",
"In return, Romania ceded the district of Bessarabia to Russia and acquired Dobruja.",
"In 1881, the principality was raised to a kingdom and Prince Carol became King Carol I of Romania.",
"The 1878–1914 period was one of stability and progress for Romania.",
"During the Second Balkan War, Romania joined Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Turkey against Bulgaria, and in the peace Treaty of Bucharest (1913) Romania gained Southern Dobruja."
] |
[
0
] |
Junior tennis
|
Which one is the only junior tennis tournaments that offer prize money?
|
Tennis
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
8
] |
[
"In tennis, a junior is a player 18 and under who is still legally protected by a parent or guardian.",
"Players on the main adult tour who are under 18 must have documents signed by a parent or guardian.",
"These players, however, are still eligible to play in junior tournaments.",
"The International Tennis Federation (ITF) conducts a junior tour that allows juniors to establish a world ranking and an Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) or Women's Tennis Association (WTA) ranking.",
"Most juniors who enter the international circuit do so by progressing through ITF, Satellite, Future, and Challenger tournaments before entering the main circuit.",
"The latter three circuits also have adults competing in them.",
"Some juniors, however, such as Australian Lleyton Hewitt and Frenchman Gaël Monfils, have catapulted directly from the junior tour to the ATP tour by dominating the junior scene or by taking advantage of opportunities given to them to participate in professional tournaments.",
"In 2004, the ITF implemented a new rankings scheme to encourage greater participation in doubles, by combining two rankings (singles and doubles) into one combined tally.",
"Junior tournaments do not offer prize money except for the Grand Slam tournaments, which are the most prestigious junior events.",
"Juniors may earn income from tennis by participating in the Future, Satellite, or Challenger tours.",
"Tournaments are broken up into different tiers offering different amounts of ranking points, culminating with Grade A.",
"Leading juniors are allowed to participate for their nation in the Junior Fed Cup and Davis Cup competitions.",
"To succeed in tennis often means having to begin playing at a young age.",
"To facilitate and nurture a junior's growth in tennis, almost all tennis playing nations have developed a junior development system.",
"Juniors develop their play through a range of tournaments on all surfaces, accommodating all different standards of play.",
"Talented juniors may also receive sponsorships from governing bodies or private institutions."
] |
[] |
Abstract
|
What are some of the techniques utilized in wrestling?
|
Wrestling
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"Wrestling is a combat sport involving grappling type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds.",
"A wrestling bout is a physical competition, between two (occasionally more) competitors or sparring partners, who attempt to gain and maintain a superior position.",
"There are a wide range of styles with varying rules with both traditional historic and modern styles.",
"Wrestling techniques have been incorporated into other martial arts as well as military hand-to-hand combat systems.",
"The term \"wrestling\" is attested in late Old English, as \"wræstlunge\" (glossing \"palestram\")."
] |
[
0
] |
Conservation
|
When was the site digitally recorded?
|
Mount Rushmore
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
4
] |
[
"The ongoing conservation of the site is overseen by the US National Park Service.",
"Physical efforts to conserve the monument have included replacement of the sealant applied originally by Gutzon Borglum, which had proved ineffective at providing water resistance (components include linseed oil, granite dust and white lead).",
"A modern silicone replacement was used, disguised with granite dust.",
"In 1998, electronic monitoring devices were installed to track movement in the topology of the sculpture to an accuracy of 3 mm.",
"The site has been subsequently digitally recorded using a terrestrial laser scanning methodology in 2009 as part of the international Scottish Ten project, providing a record of unprecedented resolution and accuracy to inform the conservation of the site.",
"This data was made accessible online to be freely used by the wider community to aid further interpretation and public access."
] |
[
2
] |
Creamy puddings
|
Why is it necessary to use a double boiler while making pudding?
|
Pudding
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
2
] |
[
"The second and newer type of pudding consists of sugar, milk, and a thickening agent such as cornstarch, gelatin, eggs, rice or tapioca to create a sweet, creamy dessert.",
"These puddings are made either by simmering on top of the stove in a saucepan or double boiler or by baking in an oven, often in a bain-marie.",
"These puddings are easily scorched on the fire, which is why a double boiler is often used; microwave ovens are also now often used to avoid this problem and to reduce stirring.",
"Creamy puddings are typically served chilled, but a few, such as zabaglione and rice pudding, may be served warm.",
"Instant puddings do not require boiling and can therefore be prepared more quickly.",
"This pudding terminology is common in North America and some European countries such as the Netherlands, whilst in Britain egg-thickened puddings are considered custards and starch-thickened puddings called blancmange."
] |
[
1
] |
Gorbachev reforms
|
What year did Mikhail Gorbachev become General Secretary?
|
Cold War
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
2
] |
[
"Final years (1985–91).",
"Gorbachev reforms.",
"By the time the comparatively youthful Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary in 1985, the Soviet economy was stagnant and faced a sharp fall in foreign currency earnings as a result of the downward slide in oil prices in the 1980s.",
"These issues prompted Gorbachev to investigate measures to revive the ailing state.",
"An ineffectual start led to the conclusion that deeper structural changes were necessary and in June 1987 Gorbachev announced an agenda of economic reform called \"perestroika\", or restructuring.",
"Perestroika relaxed the production quota system, allowed private ownership of businesses and paved the way for foreign investment.",
"These measures were intended to redirect the country's resources from costly Cold War military commitments to more productive areas in the civilian sector.",
"Despite initial skepticism in the West, the new Soviet leader proved to be committed to reversing the Soviet Union's deteriorating economic condition instead of continuing the arms race with the West.",
"Partly as a way to fight off internal opposition from party cliques to his reforms, Gorbachev simultaneously introduced \"glasnost\", or openness, which increased freedom of the press and the transparency of state institutions.",
"\"Glasnost\" was intended to reduce the corruption at the top of the Communist Party and moderate the abuse of power in the Central Committee.",
"Glasnost also enabled increased contact between Soviet citizens and the western world, particularly with the United States, contributing to the accelerating détente between the two nations."
] |
[
0
] |
Planned film
|
What date did novelist Michael Chabon sign on to write the film's script?
|
Magic Kingdom
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
5
] |
[
"In 2010, director Jon Favreau and Walt Disney Pictures had a plan to produce and release a film concerning a family at Disneyland which finds the theme park characters and attractions coming to life.",
"Favreau, who said \"the Disney iconography was probably the first set of archetypes that I was exposed to\" and that Disney movies and attractions \"made a deep impression on me as a child\", noted that, \"When I first heard about the ['Magic Kingdom' film] project, I was on my way to visit Disneyland with my family.",
"I took notes and had no problem filling a book with all the ideas that this concept offered, even on first blush.",
"\"Marc Abraham and Eric Newman of Strike Entertainment were scheduled to produce the film.",
"Writer-producer Ronald D. Moore had previously written an original script for the project, which the studio eventually declined to use, stating that Favreau and a new screenwriter would develop a new script.",
"On June 20, 2011, novelist Michael Chabon signed on to write the film's script."
] |
[
0
] |
Original theatrical run
|
Why did many go to the theater to see "The Lion King?"
|
The Lion King
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
5
] |
[
"",
"\"The Lion King\" had a limited release in North America on June 15, 1994, playing in only two theaters, El Capitan Theater in Los Angeles and Radio City Music Hall in New York City.",
"It still earned $1,586,753 across the weekend of June 17–19, standing at the tenth place of the box office ranking.",
"The average of $793,377 per theater stands as the largest ever achieved during a weekend.",
"The wide release followed on June 24, 1994, in 2,550 screens.",
"The digital surround sound of the film led many of those theater to implement Dolby Laboratories' newest sound systems.",
"\"The Lion King\" grossed $40.9 million – which at the time was the fourth biggest opening weekend earning ever and the highest sum for a Disney film – to top the weekend box office.",
"It also earned a rare \"A+\" rating from CinemaScore.",
"By the end of its theatrical run, in spring 1995, it had earned $312,855,561, being the second-highest-grossing 1994 film in North America behind \"Forrest Gump\".",
"Outside North America, it earned $455.8 million during its initial run, for a worldwide total of $768.6 million."
] |
[
1
] |
Properties
|
What term describes the ability of a cell to go through numerous cycles of cell division while maintaining the undifferentiated state?
|
Stem cell
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
1
] |
[
"The classical definition of a stem cell requires that it possess two properties:",
"\"Self-renewal\": the ability to go through numerous cycles of cell division while maintaining the undifferentiated state.",
"\"Potency\": the capacity to differentiate into specialized cell types.",
"In the strictest sense, this requires stem cells to be either totipotent or pluripotent—to be able to give rise to any mature cell type, although multipotent or unipotent progenitor cells are sometimes referred to as stem cells.",
"Apart from this it is said that stem cell function is regulated in a feed back mechanism."
] |
[
0
] |
Background and location
|
Why isn't it possible to describe the battle without any dispute?
|
Battle of Hastings
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
1
] |
[
"Background and location.",
"Because many of the primary accounts contradict each other at times, it is impossible to provide a description of the battle that is beyond dispute.",
"The only undisputed facts are that the fighting began at 9 am on Saturday 14 October 1066 and that the battle lasted until dusk.",
"Sunset on the day of the battle was at 4:54 pm, with the battlefield mostly dark by 5:54 pm and in full darkness by 6:24 pm.",
"Moonrise that night was not until 11:12 pm, so once the sun set, there was little light on the battlefield.",
"William of Jumieges reports that Duke William kept his army armed and ready against a surprise night attack for the entire night before.",
"The battle took place north of Hastings at the present-day town of Battle, between two hills – Caldbec Hill to the north and Telham Hill to the south.",
"The area was heavily wooded, with a marsh nearby.",
"The name traditionally given to the battle is unusual – there were several settlements much closer to the battlefield than Hastings.",
"The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" called it the battle \"at the hoary apple tree\".",
"Within 40 years, the battle was also known as \"Senlac\", a Norman-French adaptation of the Old English word \"Sandlacu\", which means \"sandy water\".",
"This may have been the name of the stream that crosses the battlefield.",
"The battle was already being referred to as \"bellum Hasestingas\" or \"Battle of Hastings\" by 1087, in the \"Domesday Book\".",
"Sunrise was at 6:48 am that morning, and reports of the day record that it was unusually bright.",
"The weather conditions are not recorded.",
"The route that the English army took to the battlefield is not known precisely.",
"Several roads are possible: one, an old Roman road that ran from Rochester to Hastings has long been favoured because of a large coin hoard found nearby in 1876.",
"Another possibility is a Roman road between London and Lewes and then over local tracks to the battlefield.",
"Some accounts of the battle indicate that the Normans advanced from Hastings to the battlefield, but the contemporary account of William of Jumieges places the Normans at the site of the battle the night before.",
"Most historians incline towards the former view, but M. K. Lawson argues that William of Jumieges's account is correct."
] |
[
1
] |
Dispositions of forces and tactics
|
How and why did Duke William form his forces?
|
Battle of Hastings
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
4,
5
] |
[
"Most recent historians conclude that Harold's forces deployed in a small, dense formation around the top of Caldbec Hill, with their flanks protected by woods and a stream and marshy ground in front of them.",
"Lawson points out the possibility that the English line was a bit longer and extended enough to anchor on one of the streams nearby.",
"The English formed a shield wall, with the front ranks holding their shields close together or even overlapping to provide protection from attack.",
"More is known about the Norman deployment.",
"Duke William appears to have arranged his forces in three groups, or \"battles\", which roughly corresponded to their origins.",
"The left units were the Bretons, along with those from Anjou, Poitou and Maine.",
"This division was led by Alan the Red, a relative of the Breton count.",
"The centre was held by the Normans, under the direct command of the duke and with many of his relatives and kinsmen grouped around the ducal party.",
"The final division on the right consisted of the Frenchmen, along with some men from Picardy, Boulogne, and Flanders.",
"The right was commanded by William fitzOsbern and Count Eustace II of Boulogne.",
"The front lines were archers with a line of foot soldiers armed with spears behind.",
"There were probably a few crossbowmen and slingers in with the archers.",
"The cavalry was held in reserve, and a small group of clergymen and servants situated at the base of Telham Hill was not expected to take part in the fighting.",
"William's disposition of his forces implies that he planned to open the battle with archers in the front rank weakening the enemy with arrows, followed by infantry who would engage in close combat.",
"The infantry would create openings in the English lines that could be exploited by a cavalry charge to break through the English forces and pursue the fleeing soldiers."
] |
[
1,
5
] |
World Showcase
|
The pavilions at the Epcot World Showcase represent which countries?
|
Epcot
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
2
] |
[
"World Showcase is a large area reminiscent of a permanent world's fair containing eleven pavilions, each themed and dedicated to represent a specific country.",
"The eleven pavilions surround the World Showcase Lagoon, a large man-made lake located in the center of World Showcase with a perimeter of 1.2 miles.",
"In clockwise order, the eleven pavilions include:",
" Mexico",
" Norway",
" China",
" Germany",
" Italy",
" United States",
" Japan",
" Morocco",
" France",
" United Kingdom",
" Canada",
"Of the eleven pavilions, Norway and Morocco were not present at the park's opening, and were added later after park opening.",
"Each pavilion contains themed architecture, landscapes, streetscapes, attractions, shops, and restaurants representing the respective country's culture and cuisine.",
"In an effort to maintain the authenticity of the represented countries, the pavilions are primarily staffed by citizens of the respective countries as part of the Cultural Representative Program through J-1 visa agreements.",
"Some pavilions also contain themed rides, shows, and live entertainment representative of the respective country.",
"The only pavilion that is directly sponsored by the government of its respective country is Morocco, the remaining pavilions are primarily sponsored by private companies with affiliations to the represented countries.",
"Pavilions for Russia, Switzerland, Spain, Venezuela, United Arab Emirates, and Israel have occasionally been rumored as potential future pavilions but have never made it past the planning phases to date.",
"A small African themed refreshment shop known as The Outpost currently resides in the last remaining vacant undeveloped parcel that may potentially one day be developed into a new pavilion area. "
] |
[] |
In RNA processing
|
Where can you find RNA nucleotides?
|
RNA
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
1
] |
[
"Many RNAs are involved in modifying other RNAs.",
"Introns are spliced out of pre-mRNA by spliceosomes, which contain several small nuclear RNAs (snRNA), or the introns can be ribozymes that are spliced by themselves.RNA can also be altered by having its nucleotides modified to other nucleotides than A, C, G and U.",
"In eukaryotes, modifications of RNA nucleotides are in general directed by small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA; 60-300 nt), found in the nucleolus and cajal bodies.",
"snoRNAs associate with enzymes and guide them to a spot on an RNA by basepairing to that RNA.",
"These enzymes then perform the nucleotide modification.",
"rRNAs and tRNAs are extensively modified, but snRNAs and mRNAs can also be the target of base modification.",
"RNA can also be methylated."
] |
[
4
] |
Beefsteak
|
Which cuts are cooked with moist heat?
|
Steak
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
1
] |
[
"The more tender cuts of beef, from the loin and rib, are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole.",
"Less tender cuts from the chuck or round are cooked with moist heat or are mechanically tenderized (\"e.g.\"",
"cube steak).",
"Steak can be cooked to a level of very rare (bleu, a cold raw center), rare, medium rare, medium, medium well done, or well done.",
"Beef, unlike certain other meats, does not need to be cooked through.",
"Food-borne human illnesses are not normally found within a beef steak, though surfaces can potentially be contaminated from handling, and thus, very rare steak (seared on the outside and raw within) is generally accepted as safe."
] |
[] |
Differences between the film and reality
|
Were the characters of Rayon and Dr.Eve real or fake?
|
Dallas Buyers Club
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
0
] |
[
"The characters of Rayon and Dr. Eve Saks were fictional; the writers had interviewed transgender AIDS patients, activists, and doctors for the film and combined these stories to create the two composite supporting roles.",
"However, Woodroof did lose all his friends after they found out he was HIV-positive.",
"In his interviews with Borten, Woodroof implied that this, along with interactions with gay people living with AIDS through the buyers club, led to a rethinking of his apparent anti-gay sentiments and changed his views on gay people.",
"Other people who knew him said that he did not harbor anti-gay sentiments and was himself bisexual.",
"Also, while a rodeo enthusiast, he never rode any bulls himself.",
"Although the film shows Woodroof diagnosed in 1985, he told Borten that a doctor had informed him he might have the disease well before that; Woodroof believed he may have been infected in 1981, something that was briefly alluded to in a flashback in the film.",
"While Woodroof was known for outlandish behavior, according to those who knew him, both the film and McConaughey made him rougher than he actually was, describing him as \"outrageous, but not confrontational\" and not as obviously anti-gay earlier in his life.",
"The real Woodroof also had an ex-wife, Brenda, a daughter and a sister who were not approached by the writers and were left out of the script to make the film more of a character study."
] |
[] |
Humanities
|
When did Iran receive access to the internet?
|
Iran
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
7
] |
[
"The Sassanid era was an important and influential historical period in Iran as Iranian culture influenced China, India and Roman civilization considerably, and so influenced as far as Western Europe and Africa.",
"This influence played a prominent role in the formation of both Asiatic and European medieval art.",
"This influence carried forward to the Islamic world.",
"Much of what later became known as Islamic learning, such as philology, literature, jurisprudence, philosophy, medicine, architecture and the sciences were based on some of the practises taken from the Sassanid Persians to the broader Muslim world.",
"Daily life in modern Iran is closely interwoven with Shia Islam and the country's art, literature, and architecture are an ever-present reminder of its deep national tradition and of a broader literary culture.",
"The state-owned Telecommunication Company of Iran handles telecommunications.",
"The media of Iran is a mixture of private and state-owned, but books and movies must be approved by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance before being released to the public.",
"Iran originally received access to the internet in 1993, and it has become enormously popular among the Iranian youth.",
"Iran is now the world's fourth largest country of bloggers."
] |
[
2
] |
Episodes
|
When did the network announce that the show would feature Tennant and Piper again?
|
Doctor Who
| true | 1TV
|
[
22
] |
[
"",
"\"Doctor Who\" originally ran for 26 seasons on BBC One, from 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989.",
"During the original run, each weekly episode formed part of a story (or \"serial\") — usually of four to six parts in earlier years and three to four in later years.",
"Notable exceptions were: \"The Daleks' Master Plan\", which aired in 12 episodes (plus an earlier one-episode teaser, \"Mission to the Unknown\", featuring none of the regular cast); almost an entire season of seven-episode serials (season 7); the 10-episode serial \"The War Games\"; and \"The Trial of a Time Lord\", which ran for 14 episodes (albeit divided into three production codes and four narrative segments) during season 23.",
"Occasionally serials were loosely connected by a storyline, such as season 8 being devoted to the Doctor battling a rogue Time Lord called The Master, season 16's quest for The Key to Time, season 18's journey through E-Space and the theme of entropy, and season 20's Black Guardian Trilogy.",
"The programme was intended to be educational and for family viewing on the early Saturday evening schedule.",
"Initially, it alternated stories set in the past, which were intended to teach younger audience members about history, with stories set either in the future or in outer space to teach them about science.",
"This was also reflected in the Doctor's original companions, one of whom was a science teacher and another a history teacher.",
"However, science fiction stories came to dominate the programme and the \"historicals\", which were not popular with the production team, were dropped after \"The Highlanders\" (1967).",
"While the show continued to use historical settings, they were generally used as a backdrop for science fiction tales, with one exception: \"Black Orchid\" set in 1920s England.",
"The early stories were serial-like in nature, with the narrative of one story flowing into the next, and each episode having its own title, although produced as distinct stories with their own production codes.",
"Following \"The Gunfighters\" (1966), however, each serial was given its own title, with the individual parts simply being assigned episode numbers.",
"Of the programme's many writers, Robert Holmes was the most prolific, while Douglas Adams became the most well-known outside \"Doctor Who\" itself, due to the popularity of his \"Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\".",
"The serial format changed for the 2005 revival, with each series usually consisting of 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (60 minutes with adverts, on overseas commercial channels), and an extended episode broadcast on Christmas Day.",
"Each series includes several standalone and multi-part stories, linked with a loose story arc that resolves in the series finale.",
"As in the early \"classic\" era, each episode, whether standalone or part of a larger story, has its own title.",
"Occasionally, regular-series episodes will exceed the 45-minute run time; notably, the episodes \"Journey's End\" from 2008 and \"The Eleventh Hour\" from 2010 exceeded an hour in length.800 \"Doctor Who\" instalments have been televised since 1963, ranging between 25-minute episodes (the most common format), 45-minute episodes (for \"Resurrection of the Daleks\" in the 1984 series, a single season in 1985, and the revival), two feature-length productions (1983's \"The Five Doctors\" and the 1996 television film), eight Christmas specials (most of 60 minutes' duration, one of 72 minutes), and four additional specials ranging from 60 to 75 minutes in 2009, 2010 and 2013.",
"Four mini-episodes, running about eight minutes each, were also produced for the 1993, 2005 and 2007 Children in Need charity appeals, while another mini-episode was produced in 2008 for a \"Doctor Who\"-themed edition of The Proms.",
"The 1993 2-part story, entitled \"Dimensions in Time\", was made in collaboration with the cast of the BBC soap-opera \"EastEnders\" and was filmed partly on the \"EastEnders\" set.",
"A two-part mini-episode was also produced for the 2011 edition of Comic Relief.",
"Starting with the 2009 special \"Planet of the Dead\", the series was filmed in 1080i for HDTV, and broadcast simultaneously on BBC One and BBC HD.",
"To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the show, a special 3D episode, \"The Day of the Doctor\", was broadcast in 2013.",
"In March 2013, it was announced that Tennant and Piper would be returning, and that the episode would have a limited cinematic release worldwide."
] |
[
2
] |
Synopsis
|
What does levine do when he's almost caught during the car chase?
|
Payphone (song)
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
4
] |
[
"The video begins with a flashforward that starts with a beleaguered Levine torching his ride and dialing (possibly) his lost love's telephone number at a payphone.",
"Another typical day at a Las Vegas (seen from the decals on the police cars) bank for Levine is shown next, which turns into chaos when some bandits enter and take charge (one of them is played by the band's lead guitarist – James Valentine – and some of the other bank robbers are probably played by drummer Matt Flynn, bassist Mickey Madden and current keyboardist, originally a touring-only band member, PJ Morton) – all of this happens while the song plays in the background.",
"Levine grabs a gun from one of the robbers and threatens to get rid of them.",
"He and his female co-worker (played by Dutch model Bregje Heinen) escape though Levine is shot in the arm, but when some cops mistake him for one of the robbers, Levine tells the female co-worker to hide in a car and steals an AC Cobra 427 that belongs to Wiz Khalifa to get away from them.",
"A car chase follows and when Levine is almost caught by the police, he steers the stolen convertible onto the wrong side of the road and causes a huge explosion, which destroys one of the police cars.",
"When he finally reaches his destination in Los Angeles, he passes by a place where Wiz, the owner of the car, performed his rap earlier.",
"After Levine gets out of the convertible, it also explodes and he enters a booth, injured, with the titular payphone, probably to call for help (It is also likely that he is calling Heinen) – this connects to the beginning of the video."
] |
[
2,
0
] |
Music video
|
In the music video for the song "Counting Stars", what animal appears?
|
Counting Stars
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
3
] |
[
"The music video was filmed on May 10, 2013, in New Orleans, Louisiana, and premiered on May 31, 2013.",
"The video features the band performing the song in a gloomy basement surrounded by hanging light bulbs – which is interspersed with scenes of several people in a Christian revival service.",
"At the end of the video, one of the people in the service falls through the floor, coming through the ceiling of the room the band is performing in.",
"The video also shows clips of an alligator crawling through the basement."
] |
[
0
] |
Genesis
|
When did the painter Van Gogh enter the Saint-Remy asylum?
|
The Starry Night
| true | 3ART
|
[
3
] |
[
"In a letter written to Émile Bernard in April 1888, Van Gogh expressed his desire to paint the night sky, and questioned whether he could achieve his intention by painting from nature as the Impressionists did:In September 1888, before his December breakdown that resulted in his hospitalisation in Arles, he painted \"Starry Night Over the Rhone\".",
"Working by night under a gas lamp, Van Gogh painted this work directly from nature.",
"\"It does me good to do what's difficult, \"Van Gogh wrote, \"That doesn’t stop me having a tremendous need for, shall I say the word—for religion—so I go outside at night to paint the stars.",
"\"In May 1889, Van Gogh decided to enter the asylum at Saint-Rémy, where he stayed for the next year.",
"His time there was very productive, although interrupted by incapacitating nervous attacks.",
"Inspired by the landscape surrounding the asylum, he painted \"Starry Night\" in June 1889.",
"Unlike the earlier \"Starry Night Over the Rhone\", the new night scene was painted in daylight, from memory.",
"In mid-September 1889, following a heavy crisis which lasted from mid-July to the last days of August, he thought to include \"Starry Night\" in the next batch of works to be sent to his brother, Theo, in Paris.",
"In order to reduce the shipping costs, he withheld three of the studies, including \"Starry Night\".",
"These three went to Paris with the shipment that followed.",
"When Theo did not immediately report its arrival, Vincent inquired again and finally received Theo's commentary on his recent work."
] |
[
2
] |
Acquisition by the Art Institute of Chicago
|
Who was Frederick Barlett's second wife?
|
A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
| false | 3ART
|
[
1
] |
[
"In 1923, Frederick Bartlett was appointed trustee of the Art Institute of Chicago.",
"He and second wife, Helen Birch Bartlett, loaned their collection of French Post-Impressionist and Modernist art to the museum.",
"It was Mrs. Bartlett who had an interest in French and avant-garde artists and influenced her husband's collecting tastes.",
"\"Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte\" was purchased on the advice of the Art Institute of Chicago's curatorial staff in 1924.",
"In conceptual artist Don Celender's 1974–5 book \"Observation and Scholarship Examination for Art Historians, Museum Directors, Artists, Dealers and Collectors\", it is claimed that the Institute paid $24,000.00 for the work).",
"In 1958 the painting was loaned out for the only time – to the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.",
"On April 15, 1958, a fire there, which killed one person on the second floor of the museum, forced the evacuation of the painting which was on a floor above the fire in the Whitney Museum which adjoined MOMA at the time."
] |
[
3
] |
Ratings
|
What was the viewership of second, third, fourth, and fifth episodes of the show Once Upon A Time?
|
Once Upon a Time (TV series)
| true | 1TV
|
[
4
] |
[
"The first season premiered as the top-rated drama series.",
"The pilot episode was watched by 13 million viewers and received a 4.0 rating/share among 18–49 year olds.",
"It was the season's highest-rated drama debut among the age range and ABC's biggest debut in five years.",
"With DVR viewers, the premiere climbed to 15.5 million viewers and a 5.2 rating/share in adults 18–49.",
"The show's next three episodes had consistent ratings every week with over 11 million viewers.",
"The series has become the number one non-sports program with viewers and young adults on Sunday nights."
] |
[
0
] |
Release
|
When did the movie "The Terminator" debut?
|
The Terminator
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
3
] |
[
"Orion Pictures did not have faith in \"The Terminator\" performing well at the box office and feared a negative critical reception.",
"At an early screening of the film, the actors' agents insisted to the producers that the film should be screened for critics.",
"Orion only held one press screening for the film.",
"The film was premiered on October 26, 1984.",
"On its opening week, \"The Terminator\" played at 1,005 theaters and grossed $4,020,663 making it number one in the box office.",
"The film remained at number one in its second week.",
"It lost its number one spot in the third week to \"Oh, God!",
"You Devil\".",
"Cameron noted that \"The Terminator\" was a hit \"relative to its market, which is between the summer and the Christmas blockbusters.",
"But it's better to be a big fish in a small pond than the other way around.",
"\"Writer Harlan Ellison stated that he \"loved the movie, was just blown away by it\", but believed that the screenplay was based on an episode of \"The Outer Limits\" he had written, titled \"Soldier\".",
"Orion gave Ellison an undisclosed amount of money and an acknowledgment credit in later prints of the film.",
"Some accounts of the settlement state that \"Demon with a Glass Hand\", another \"Outer Limits\" episode written by Ellison, was also claimed to have been plagiarized by the film, but Ellison has explicitly stated that \"The Terminator\" \"was a ripoff\" of \"Soldier\" rather than \"Demon with a Glass Hand\".",
"Cameron was against Orion's decision and was told that if he did not agree with the settlement, they would have Cameron pay for any damages if Orion lost Ellison's suit.",
"Cameron replied that he \"had no choice but to agree with the settlement.",
"Of course there was a gag order as well, so I couldn't tell this story, but now I frankly don't care.",
"It's the truth.",
"Harlan Ellison is a parasite who can kiss my ass.\""
] |
[
2
] |
Abstract
|
When was Frans Hendricksz Bel born?
|
Syndics of the Drapers' Guild
| false | 3ART
|
[
13
] |
[
"The Sampling Officials (), also called \"Syndics of the Drapers' Guild\", is a 1662 oil painting by Rembrandt.",
"It is currently owned by the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.",
"It has been described as his \"last great collective portrait\".",
"The painting appears on the packaging of Dutch Masters cigars.",
"The men (with the exception of Bel who is an attendant as indicated by his calotte) are drapers who were elected to assess the quality of cloth that weavers offered for sale to members of their guild.",
"Their one-year terms in office began on Good Friday and they were expected to conduct their inspections thrice weekly.",
"The name \"staalmeester\" refers to the steel pliers the inspectors used to press the seals of their city (front) and guild (reverse) into penny-sized slugs of lead that were specially affixed to record the results of the inspection.",
"There were four grades of quality, the highest was indicated by pressing four seals and the lowest by pressing only one.",
"The men, who are appraising a length of Persian-style fabric against exemplars from a swatch book, are (from left to right):",
"Jacob van Loon (1595–1674)",
"Volckert Jansz (1605 or 1610–1681)",
"Willem van Doeyenburg (ca.",
"1616–1687)",
"Frans Hendricksz Bel (1629–1701)",
"Aernout van der Mye (ca.",
"1625–1681)",
"Jochem de Neve (1629–1681)",
"The guild commissioned this portrait and it hung in their guild hall, the :nl:Staalhof (Amsterdam), until 1771."
] |
[
2
] |
Lucha libre
|
What is another name for Mexican professional wrestling?
|
Wrestling
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"Mexican professional wrestling, also known as \"Lucha libre\" is a style of wrestling that combines mixed-martial arts and the wrestling of North America.",
"In Lucha libre the wrestler or \"luchador\" uses a mask to cover his face.",
"Traditionally the match is for the best of three rounds without a time limit.",
"The \"Luchador\" or \"wrestler\" athlete uses their own wrestling style or \"estilo de lucha\" consisting of aerial attack wrestling moves, strikes and complex submission moves.",
"The most popular \"luchadores\" are Santo, Blue Demon, Rey Mysterio, Eddie Guerrero, La Parka, Dos Caras Jr./Alberto Del Rio and Mistico."
] |
[
0
] |
Books/essays
|
Who published "Chatting with Henri Matisse: The Lost 1941 Interview"?
|
Henri Matisse
| false | 3ART
|
[
5
] |
[
" Notes of a Painter, 1908",
" Painter's Notes on Drawing, 1930.",
" \"Jazz\", 1947",
" \"Matisse on Art\", collected by Jack D. Flam, 1973.",
"ISBN 0-7148-1518-7",
" \"Chatting with Henri Matisse: The Lost 1941 Interview\", Getty Publications 2013.",
"ISBN 978-1-60606-128-2"
] |
[
3
] |
Ming era
|
What year did the Manchus accomplish climbing over the Great Wall?
|
Great Wall of China
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
14
] |
[
"The Great Wall concept was revived again during the Ming Dynasty in the 14th century, and following the Ming army's defeat by the Oirats in the Battle of Tumu.",
"The Ming had failed to gain a clear upper hand over the Manchurian and Mongolian tribes after successive battles, and the long-drawn conflict was taking a toll on the empire.",
"The Ming adopted a new strategy to keep the nomadic tribes out by constructing walls along the northern border of China.",
"Acknowledging the Mongol control established in the Ordos Desert, the wall followed the desert's southern edge instead of incorporating the bend of the Yellow River.",
"Unlike the earlier fortifications, the Ming construction was stronger and more elaborate due to the use of bricks and stone instead of rammed earth.",
"Up to 25,000 watchtowers are estimated to have been constructed on the wall.",
"As Mongol raids continued periodically over the years, the Ming devoted considerable resources to repair and reinforce the walls.",
"Sections near the Ming capital of Beijing were especially strong.",
"Qi Jiguang between 1567 and 1570 also repaired and reinforced the wall, faced sections of the ram-earth wall with bricks and constructed 1,200 watchtowers from Shanhaiguan Pass to Changping to warn of approaching Mongol raiders.",
"During the 1440s–1460s, the Ming also built a so-called \"Liaodong Wall\".",
"Similar in function to the Great Wall (whose extension, in a sense, it was), but more basic in construction, the Liaodong Wall enclosed the agricultural heartland of the Liaodong province, protecting it against potential incursions by Jurched-Mongol Oriyanghan from the northwest and the Jianzhou Jurchens from the north.",
"While stones and tiles were used in some parts of the Liaodong Wall, most of it was in fact simply an earth dike with moats on both sides.",
"Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall helped defend the empire against the Manchu invasions that began around 1600.",
"Even after the loss of all of Liaodong, the Ming army held the heavily fortified Shanhaiguan pass, preventing the Manchus from conquering the Chinese heartland.",
"The Manchus were finally able to cross the Great Wall in 1644, after Beijing had already fallen to Li Zicheng's rebels.",
"Before this time, the Manchus had crossed the Great Wall multiple times to raid, but this time it was for conquest.",
"The gates at Shanhaiguan were opened by the commanding Ming general Wu Sangui on May 25 who formed an alliance with the Manchus, hoping to use the Manchus to expel the rebels from Beijing.",
"The Manchus quickly seized Beijing, and defeated both the rebel-founded Shun Dynasty and the remaining Ming resistance, establishing the Qing Dynasty rule over all of China.",
"Under Qing rule, China's borders extended beyond the walls and Mongolia was annexed into the empire, so constructions on the Great Wall were discontinued.",
"On the other hand, the so-called Willow Palisade, following a line similar to that of the Ming Liaodong Wall, was constructed by the Qing rulers in Manchuria.",
"Its purpose, however, was not defense but rather migration control."
] |
[
0
] |
Dora Maar
|
Who was the "The Weeping Woman" in Picasso's painting?
|
The Weeping Woman
| true | 3ART
|
[
5
] |
[
"Dora Maar was Picasso's mistress from 1936 until 1944.",
"In the course of their relationship, Picasso painted her in a number of guises, some realistic, some benign, others tortured or threatening.",
"Picasso explained:\"\"For me she's the weeping woman.",
"For years I've painted her in tortured forms, not through sadism, and not with pleasure, either; just obeying a vision that forced itself on me.",
"It was the deep reality, not the superficial one.",
"\"\"\"\"Dora, for me, was always a weeping woman... And it's important, because women are suffering machines.\"\""
] |
[
3
] |
Abstract
|
What was the sculpture built by Michelangelo used to symbolize?
|
David (Michelangelo)
| true | 3ART
|
[
4
] |
[
"David (Michelangelo)David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created between 1501 and 1504, by the Italian artist Michelangelo.",
"It is a marble statue of a standing male nude.",
"The statue represents the Biblical hero David, a favoured subject in the art of Florence.",
"Originally commissioned as one of a series of statues of prophets to be positioned along the roofline of the east end of Florence Cathedral, the statue was placed instead in a public square, outside the Palazzo della Signoria, the seat of civic government in Florence, where it was unveiled on 8 September 1504.",
"Because of the nature of the hero that it represented, it soon came to symbolize the defense of civil liberties embodied in the Florentine Republic, an independent city-state threatened on all sides by more powerful rival states and by the hegemony of the Medici family.",
"The eyes of David, with a warning glare, were turned towards Rome.",
"The statue was moved to the Accademia Gallery in Florence in 1873, and later replaced at the original location by a replica."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
When wasthe song "Sexy and I Know It" released?
|
Sexy and I Know It
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
1
] |
[
"\"Sexy and I Know It\" is a song by American duo LMFAO from their second studio album, \"Sorry for Party Rocking\".",
"It was released as the third single from the album on 16 September 2011.",
"The song was written by Stefan Kendal Gordy, GoonRock, Erin Beck, George M. Robertson and Kenneth Oliver, and it was produced by Party Rock.",
"It went to number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on January 7, 2012 and remained there for two weeks.",
"The song became LMFAO's second number one hit (after \"Party Rock Anthem\") on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the United States, making them the first duo to have two successive number-one singles since OutKast's \"Hey Ya!\"",
"(2003) and \"The Way You Move\" (2004).",
"The song also reached number one in Australia, Canada and New Zealand, and charted within the top 10 in nearly every country in which it charted.",
"The song was featured in the season 5, episode 12 of \"Gossip Girl\".",
"and in the \"Glee\" episode, \"The Spanish Teacher\"."
] |
[
2
] |
Law
|
Who manages most prisons?
|
England
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
9
] |
[
"The English law legal system, developed over the centuries, is the basis of common law legal systems used in most Commonwealth countries and the United States (except Louisiana).",
"Despite now being part of the United Kingdom, the legal system of the Courts of England and Wales continued, under the Treaty of Union, as a separate legal system from the one used in Scotland.",
"The general essence of English law is that it is made by judges sitting in courts, applying their common sense and knowledge of legal precedent—\"stare decisis\"—to the facts before them.",
"The court system is headed by the Senior Courts of England and Wales, consisting of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice for civil cases, and the Crown Court for criminal cases.",
"The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the highest court for criminal and civil cases in England and Wales.",
"It was created in 2009 after constitutional changes, taking over the judicial functions of the House of Lords.",
"A decision of the Supreme Court is binding on every other court in the hierarchy, which must follow its directions.",
"Crime increased between 1981 and 1995, but fell by 42% in the period 1995–2006.",
"The prison population doubled over the same period, giving it the highest incarceration rate in Western Europe at 147 per 100,000.",
"Her Majesty's Prison Service, reporting to the Ministry of Justice, manages most prisons, housing over 85,000 convicts."
] |
[
3
] |
Atzerodt fails to attack Andrew Johnson
|
What is the name of the hotel that Atzerodt went to?
|
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
5,
7
] |
[
"Booth had assigned George Atzerodt to kill Vice President Andrew Johnson, who was staying at the Kirkwood House in Washington.",
"Atzerodt was to go to the Vice President's room at 10:15 p.m. and shoot him.",
"On April 14, Atzerodt rented room 126 at the Kirkwood, directly above the room where Johnson was staying.",
"He arrived at the Kirkwood at the appointed time and went to the bar downstairs, carrying on his person a gun and a knife.",
"Atzerodt asked the bartender, Michael Henry, about the Vice President's character and behavior.",
"After spending some time at the hotel saloon, Atzerodt got drunk and wandered away through the streets of Washington.",
"Nervous, he tossed his knife away in the street.",
"He made his way to the Pennsylvania House Hotel by 2 a.m., where he checked into a room and went to sleep.",
"Earlier that day, Booth stopped by the Kirkwood House and left a note for Johnson that read, \"I don't wish to disturb you.",
"Are you at home?",
"J. Wilkes Booth.\"",
"The card was picked up that night by Johnson's personal secretary, William Browning.",
"This message has been interpreted in many different ways throughout the years.",
"One theory is that Booth, being afraid that Atzerodt would not succeed in killing Johnson, or worried that Atzerodt would not have the courage to carry out the assassination, tried to use the message to implicate Johnson in the conspiracy.",
"Another theory is that Booth was actually trying to contact Browning in order to find out whether or not Johnson was expected to be at the Kirkwood that night."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
When did karate get eliminated as an Olympic sport?
|
Karate
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
11
] |
[
"Karate developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom.",
"It was brought to the Japanese mainland in the early 20th century during a time of cultural exchanges between the Japanese and the Ryukyuans.",
"It was systematically taught in Japan after the Taisho era.",
"In 1922 the Japanese Ministry of Education invited Gichin Funakoshi to Tokyo to give a karate demonstration.",
"In 1924 Keio University established the first university karate club in Japan and by 1932, major Japanese universities had karate clubs.",
"In this era of escalating Japanese militarism, the name was changed from (\"Chinese hand\" or \"Tang hand\") to (\"empty hand\") – both of which are pronounced \"karate\" – to indicate that the Japanese wished to develop the combat form in Japanese style.",
"After World War II, Okinawa became an important United States military site and karate became popular among servicemen stationed there.",
"The martial arts movies of the 1960s and 1970s served to greatly increase the popularity of martial arts around the world, and in English the word \"karate\" began to be used in a generic way to refer to all striking-based Oriental martial arts.",
"Karate schools began appearing across the world, catering to those with casual interest as well as those seeking a deeper study of the art.",
"Shigeru Egami, Chief Instructor of Shotokan Dojo, opined \"that the majority of followers of karate in overseas countries pursue karate only for its fighting techniques ... Movies and television ... depict karate as a mysterious way of fighting capable of causing death or injury with a single blow ... the mass media present a pseudo art far from the real thing.\"",
"Shoshin Nagamine said \"Karate may be considered as the conflict within oneself or as a life-long marathon which can be won only through self-discipline, hard training and one's own creative efforts.",
"\"In 2009, in the 121st International Olympic Committee voting, karate did not receive the necessary two-thirds majority vote to become an Olympic sport.",
"Karate was being considered for the 2020 Olympics,—however at a meeting of the IOC's executive board, held in Russia on May 29, 2013, it was decided that karate (along with wushu and several other non-martial arts) would not be considered for inclusion in 2020 at the IOC's 125th session in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in September 2013.",
"Web Japan (sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs) claims there are 50 million karate practitioners worldwide, while the World Karate Federation claims there are 100 million practitioners around the world."
] |
[
2
] |
United States
|
Who led the largest bloc?
|
Treaty of Versailles
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
6
] |
[
"After the Versailles conference Wilson claimed that \"at last the world knows America as the savior of the world!",
"\"The Republican Party—led by Henry Cabot Lodge—controlled the U.S. Senate after the election of 1918, but the Senators were divided into multiple positions on the Versailles question.",
"It proved possible to build a majority coalition, but impossible to build a two-thirds coalition that was needed to pass a treaty.",
"An angry bloc of 12–18 \"Irreconcilables\", mostly Republicans but also representatives of the Irish and German Democrats, fiercely opposed the Treaty.",
"One block of Democrats strongly supported the Versailles Treaty, even with reservations added by Lodge.",
"A second group of Democrats supported the Treaty but followed Wilson in opposing any amendments or reservations.",
"The largest bloc—led by Senator Lodge— comprised a majority of the Republicans.",
"They wanted a treaty with reservations, especially on Article X, which involved the power of the League of Nations to make war without a vote by the U.S. Congress.",
"All of the Irreconcilables were bitter enemies of President Wilson, and he launched a nationwide speaking tour in the summer of 1919 to refute them.",
"However, Wilson collapsed midway with a serious stroke that effectively ruined his leadership skills.",
"The closest the Treaty came to passage was on November 19, 1919, as Lodge and his Republicans formed a coalition with the pro-Treaty Democrats, and were close to a two-thirds majority for a Treaty with reservations, but Wilson rejected this compromise and enough Democrats followed his lead to permanently end the chances for ratification.",
"Among the American public as a whole, the Irish Catholics and the German Americans were intensely opposed to the Treaty, saying it favored the British.",
"After Wilson's successor Warren G. Harding continued American opposition to the League of Nations, Congress passed the Knox–Porter Resolution bringing a formal end to hostilities between the U.S. and the Central Powers.",
"It was signed into law by Harding on July 21, 1921.",
"The U.S.–German Peace Treaty of 1921 was signed in Berlin on , the US–Austrian Peace Treaty of 1921 was signed in Vienna on , and the US–Hungarian Peace Treaty of 1921 was signed in Budapest on ."
] |
[
3
] |
Production
|
How many episodes did Orange Is The New Black have in it's first season?
|
Orange Is the New Black
| false | 1TV
|
[
1
] |
[
"In July 2011, it was announced that Lionsgate Television and Netflix were negotiating adding \"Orange Is the New Black\", based on Piper Kerman's memoir, to the Netflix original series lineup.",
"Netflix finalized the deal as a 13-episode straight-to-web series.",
"Casting announcements began in August 2012, with Taylor Schilling the first to be cast, in the lead role as Piper Chapman, followed by Jason Biggs as Piper's fiancé Larry Bloom.",
"Laura Prepon and Yael Stone were next to join the series, along with Laverne Cox, an African-American transgender woman, as Sophia Burset, a transgender character.",
"\"The Advocate\" touted that \"Orange Is the New Black\" contains the first ever women-in-prison narrative to be played by a real transgender woman.",
"\"This American Life\" host Ira Glass was offered a role as a public radio host but declined.",
"The role instead went to Robert Stanton, who plays the fictional host Maury Kind.",
"The series was created and executive produced by Jenji Kohan, whose credits include \"Tracey Takes On...\", \"Mad About You\", \"Sex and the City\" and \"Weeds\".",
"The first season's production began in the fall of 2012.",
"The series' main title theme song, \"You've Got Time\", was recorded by Regina Spektor for the show and became available for online streaming July 9, 2013.",
"It began filming in Rockland County, New York on March 7, 2013.",
"Jodie Foster directed the third episode of the first series.",
"On June 27, 2013, Netflix renewed the show for a second season."
] |
[
5
] |
Live performances
|
Ellen DeGeneres features Minaj on what date?
|
Starships (song)
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
2
] |
[
"On February 26, 2012, Minaj performed the single live for the first time along with \"Moment 4 Life\", \"Turn Me On\" and \"Super Bass\" at the 2012 NBA All-Star Game.",
"Minaj also performed the single on the eleventh season of \"American Idol\" results show on March 29, 2012, and on \"Today\" on April 6.",
"Minaj performed the song in a mash-up with \"Right by My Side\" at \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" on May 10, 2012.",
"Minaj also performed the single on her Pink Friday Tour.",
"The song was also the encore song of Minaj's ."
] |
[
0
] |
Serving
|
What can the left over parts of Peking Duck be used for?
|
Peking duck
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
6
] |
[
"The cooked Peking Duck is traditionally carved in front of the diners and served in three stages.",
"First, the skin is served dipped in sugar and garlic sauce.",
"The meat is then served with steamed pancakes (), spring onions and sweet bean sauce.",
"Several vegetable dishes are provided to accompany the meat, typically cucumbersticks.",
"The diners spread sauce, and optionally sugar, over the pancake.",
"The pancake is wrapped around the meat with the vegetables and eaten by hand.",
"The remaining fat, meat and bones may be made into a broth, served as is, or the meat chopped up and stir fried with sweet bean sauce.",
"Otherwise, they are packed up to be taken home by the customers."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
Who, along with their team of British physicists identified the electron in 1897?
|
Electron
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
18
] |
[
"The electron (symbol: ) is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge.",
"Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure.",
"The electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton.",
"Quantum mechanical properties of the electron include an intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of a half-integer value in units of \"ħ\", which means that it is a fermion.",
"Being fermions, no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state, in accordance with the Pauli exclusion principle.",
"Electrons also have properties of both particles and waves, and so can collide with other particles and can be diffracted like light.",
"Experiments with electrons best demonstrate this duality because electrons have a tiny mass.",
"Many physical phenomena involve electrons in an essential role, such as electricity, magnetism, and thermal conductivity, and they also participate in gravitational, electromagnetic and weak interactions.",
"An electron in space generates an electric field surrounding it.",
"An electron moving relative to an observer generates a magnetic field.",
"External magnetic fields deflect an electron.",
"Electrons radiate or absorb energy in the form of photons when accelerated.",
"Laboratory instruments are capable of containing and observing individual electrons as well as electron plasma using electromagnetic fields, whereas dedicated telescopes can detect electron plasma in outer space.",
"Electrons have many applications, including electronics, welding, cathode ray tubes, electron microscopes, radiation therapy, lasers, gaseous ionization detectors and particle accelerators.",
"Interactions involving electrons and other subatomic particles are of interest in fields such as chemistry and nuclear physics.",
"The Coulomb force interaction between positive protons inside atomic nuclei and negative electrons composes atoms.",
"Ionization or changes in the proportions of particles changes the binding energy of the system.",
"The exchange or sharing of the electrons between two or more atoms is the main cause of chemical bonding.",
"British natural philosopher Richard Laming first hypothesized the concept of an indivisible quantity of electric charge to explain the chemical properties of atoms in 1838; Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney named this charge 'electron' in 1891, and J. J. Thomson and his team of British physicists identified it as a particle in 1897.",
"Electrons can also participate in nuclear reactions, such as nucleosynthesis in stars, where they are known as beta particles.",
"Electrons may be created through beta decay of radioactive isotopes and in high-energy collisions, for instance when cosmic rays enter the atmosphere.",
"The antiparticle of the electron is called the positron; it is identical to the electron except that it carries electrical and other charges of the opposite sign.",
"When an electron collides with a positron, both particles may be totally annihilated, producing gamma ray photons. "
] |
[
3
] |
Critical response
|
What score did the movie "Kung Fu Panda" receive on Rotten Tomatoes?
|
Kung Fu Panda
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
2
] |
[
"Critical response.",
"\"Kung Fu Panda\" has received positive reviews from critics.",
"Rotten Tomatoes reported that 88% of 164 critics gave the film a positive review.",
"The film has an approval rating of 76% from a select group of critics and an approval rating of 83% from users of the site.",
"Metacritic reported the film had an average score of 73 out of 100, based on 33 reviews.",
"Richard Corliss of \"Time Magazine\" gave \"Kung Fu Panda\" a positive review, stating the picture \"provides a master course in cunning visual art and ultra-satisfying entertainment\".",
"\"The New York Times\" said, \"At once fuzzy-wuzzy and industrial strength, the tacky-sounding \"Kung Fu Panda\" is high concept with a heart,\" and the review called the film \"consistently diverting\" and \"visually arresting\".",
"Chris Barsanti of \"Filmcritic.com\" commented, \"Blazing across the screen with eye-popping, sublime artwork, \"Kung Fu Panda\" sets itself apart from the modern domestic animation trend with its sheer beauty [...] the film enters instant classic status as some of the most gorgeous animation Hollywood has produced since the golden age of Disney.\"",
"Michael Phillips of the \"Chicago Tribune\" called the film \"one of the few comedies of 2008 in any style or genre that knows what it’s doing\".",
"However, Tom Charity of CNN criticized the action for \" to blur into a whirlwind of slapstick chaos\" and considered the character of Po similar to others played by Black.",
"Peter Howell of \"The Toronto Star\" awarded the film two and a half stars, considering it to have a \"lack of story\" that \"frequently manages to amuse, if not entirely to delight\"."
] |
[
0
] |
Pre-colonial history
|
Who was the first European to see Victoria Falls?
|
Victoria Falls
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
7
] |
[
"Archaeological sites around the falls have yielded \"Homo habilis\" stone artifacts from 3 million years ago, 50,000-year-old Middle Stone Age tools and Late Stone Age (10,000 and 2,000 years ago) weapons, adornments and digging tools.",
"Iron-using Khoisan hunter-gatherers displaced these Stone Age people and in turn were displaced by Bantu tribes such as the southern Tonga people known as the Batoka/Tokalea, who called the falls \"Shungu na mutitima\".",
"The Matabele, later arrivals, named them \"aManz' aThunqayo\", and the Batswana and Makololo (whose language is used by the Lozi people) call them \"Mosi-o-Tunya\".",
"All these names mean essentially \"the smoke that thunders\".",
"A map from c.1750 drawn by Jacques Nicolas Bellin for Abbé Antoine François Prevost d'Exiles marks the falls as \"cataractes\" and notes a settlement to the north of the Zambezi as being friendly with the Portuguese at the time.",
"Earlier still Nicolas de Fer's 1715 map of southern Africa has the fall clearly marked in the correct position.",
"It also has dotted lines denoting trade routes that David Livingstone followed 140 years later.",
"The first European to see the falls was David Livingstone on 17 November 1855, during his 1852–56 journey from the upper Zambezi to the mouth of the river.",
"The falls were well known to local tribes, and Voortrekker hunters may have known of them, as may the Arabs under a name equivalent to \"the end of the world\".",
"Europeans were sceptical of their reports, perhaps thinking that the lack of mountains and valleys on the plateau made a large falls unlikely.",
"Livingstone had been told about the falls before he reached them from upriver and was paddled across to a small island that now bears the name Livingstone Island in Zambia.",
"Livingstone had previously been impressed by the Ngonye Falls further upstream, but found the new falls much more impressive, and gave them their English name in honour of Queen Victoria.",
"He wrote of the falls, \"No one can imagine the beauty of the view from anything witnessed in England.",
"It had never been seen before by European eyes; but scenes so lovely must have been gazed upon by angels in their flight.",
"\"In 1860, Livingstone returned to the area and made a detailed study of the falls with John Kirk.",
"Other early European visitors included Portuguese explorer Serpa Pinto, Czech explorer Emil Holub, who made the first detailed plan of the falls and its surroundings in 1875 (published in 1880), and British artist Thomas Baines, who executed some of the earliest paintings of the falls.",
"Until the area was opened up by the building of the railway in 1905, though, the falls were seldom visited by other Europeans."
] |
[
3
] |
Personnel
|
Who is credited for songwriting for "Rolling in the Deep"?
|
Rolling in the Deep
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
1
] |
[
"Vocals – Adele",
"Songwriting - Paul Epworth & Adele Adkins",
"Production, bass, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, percussion and backing vocals – Paul Epworth ",
"Mixing – Tom Elmhirst",
"Mixing assistant – Dan Parry",
"Recording – Mark Rankin",
"Piano – Neil Cowley",
"Drums – Leo Taylor",
"Mastering – Tom Coyne",
"Credits adapted from liner notes:"
] |
[
3
] |
Abstract
|
What are uses of a microscope?
|
Microscope
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0
] |
[
"A microscope (from the , \"mikrós\", \"small\" and , \"skopeîn\", \"to look\" or \"see\") is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye.",
"The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy.",
"Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope.",
"There are many types of microscopes, the most common and first to be invented is the optical microscope which uses light to image the sample.",
"Other major types of microscopes are the electron microscope (both the transmission electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope) and the various types of scanning probe microscope."
] |
[
0
] |
Synopsis
|
What artists recorded music at Sound City Studios?
|
Sound City (film)
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
2
] |
[
"Sound City Studios was located in the San Fernando Valley, amidst rows of dilapidated warehouses.",
"The little-known recording studio housed a unique analog Neve recording console and had a reputation for recording drums.",
"Artists such as Nirvana, Kyuss, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Fleetwood Mac, Neil Young, Rick Springfield, Tom Petty and Slipknot recorded groundbreaking music at the studio.",
"The film tells the story of the studio from its early days in 1969 until its closing in 2011.",
"It then follows Dave Grohl's purchase of the studio's custom analog Neve console, which he moved to his personal studio, Studio 606.",
"Rupert Neve is an English engineer who founded Neve Electronics in 1961, designed and manufactured the Neve 8028, \"one of four in the world\", and is interviewed by Grohl in the film.",
"Famous musicians who recorded at Sound City reunite at Studio 606 for a jam session and to make an album of \"all-new all-original songs, each one composed and recorded exclusively for the film within its own 24-hour session on that console.\"",
"It also shows album covers by some bands: Red Hot Chili Peppers's \"One Hot Minute\", Nirvana's \"Incesticide\" and \"Nevermind\", Rage Against The Machine's self-titled album and many others."
] |
[
0
] |
Beginnings
|
What are the different regions of Six Flags called?
|
Six Flags
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
2
] |
[
"The name refers to the flags of the six different nations that have governed Texas: Spain, France, Mexico, the Republic of Texas, the United States of America, and the Confederate States of America.",
"The original park was (and still is) split into separate regions, such as the \"Spain and Mexico\" section which featured Spanish-themed rides, attractions, and buildings.",
"The Six Flags chain originated in 1959 with the creation of \"The Great Southwest Corporation\" by Angus G. Wynne and other investors.",
"Construction of \"Six Flags Over Texas\" started in 1960, and the park was opened the next year for a short (45-day) season.",
"The first park initially featured a Native American village, a gondola ride, a railroad, some Wild West shows, a stagecoach ride, and \"Skull Island\", a pirate-themed adventure attraction.",
"There was also an excursion, inspired by the historical La Salle Expeditions in the late 1600s, called \"LaSalle's River Adventure\", aboard French riverboats through a wilderness full of animated puppets.",
"Over time, all of those attractions, except for the railroad, would be replaced by others, such as roller coasters, swing rides, log flumes, and shoot-the-chute rides, as well as an observation tower."
] |
[
0
] |
Impressionism
|
When was the first Impressionist art exhibition held?
|
Claude Monet
| true | 3ART
|
[
0
] |
[
"The first Impressionist exhibition was held in 1874 at 35 boulevard des Capucines, Paris, from 15 April to 15 May.",
"The primary purpose of the participants was not so much to promote a new style, but to free themselves from the constraints of the Salon de Paris.",
"The exhibition, open to anyone prepared to pay 60 francs, gave artists the opportunity to show their work without the interference of a jury.",
"Renoir chaired the hanging committee and did most of the work himself, as others members failed to present themselves.",
"In addition to \"\" (pictured above) Monet presented four oil paintings and seven pastels.",
"Among the paintings he displayed was \"The Luncheon\" (1868), which features Camille Doncieux and Jean Monet, and which had been rejected by the Paris Salon of 1870.",
"Also in this exhibition was a painting titled \"Boulevard des Capucines\", a painting of the boulevard done from the photographer Nadar's apartment at no.",
"35.",
"Monet painted the subject twice and it is uncertain which of the two pictures, that now in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, or that in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City was the painting that appeared in the groundbreaking 1874 exhibition, though more recently the Moscow picture has been favoured.",
"Altogether, 165 works were exhibited in the exhibition, including 4 oils, 2 pastels and 3 watercolors by Morisot; 6 oils and 1 pastel by Renoir; 10 works by Degas; 5 by Pissarro; 3 by Cézanne; and 3 by Guillaumin.",
"Several works were on loan, including Cézanne's \"Modern Olympia\", Morisot's \"Hide and Seek\" (owned by Manet) and 2 landscapes by Sisley that had been purchased by Durand-Ruel.",
"The total attendance is estimated at 3500 and some works did sell, though some exhibitors had placed their prices too high.",
"Pissarro was asking 1000 francs for \"The Orchard\" and Monet the same for \"Impression: Sunrise\", neither of which sold.",
"Renoir failed to obtain the 500 francs he was asking for \"La Loge\", but later sold it for 450 francs to Père Martin, dealer and supporter of the group."
] |
[
2
] |
Abstract
|
On what date did three British colonies unionized to form the federal dominion of Canada?
|
Canada
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
6
] |
[
"Canada is a country in North America consisting of 10 provinces and 3 territories.",
"Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean.",
"At 9.98 million square kilometres in total, Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the world's longest land border shared by the same two countries.",
"The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples.",
"Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonies were established on the region's Atlantic coast.",
"As a consequence of various conflicts, the United Kingdom gained and lost North American territories until left in the late 18th century with what mostly comprises Canada today.",
"On July 1, 1867, three British colonies joined to form the federal dominion of Canada.",
"Other colonies subsequently joined and the remainder of Britain's lands were transferred to Canada.",
"Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state.",
"Canada is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.",
"The country is officially bilingual at the federal level.",
"It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries, with a population of approximately 35 million as of December 2012.",
"Its advanced economy is one of the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed trade networks.",
"Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture.",
"Canada is a developed country and one of the wealthiest in the world, with the eighth highest per capita income globally, and the eleventh highest ranking in the Human Development Index.",
"It ranks among the highest in international measurements of education, government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, and economic freedom.",
"Canada's participation in economic international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings includes the G8 (Group of Eight), the Group of Ten (economic), the Group of Twenty (G-20 major economies), the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.",
"Canada's alliances include the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)."
] |
[
0
] |
Cast
|
Who is the narrator of Hell's Kitchen (US TV Series)?
|
Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series)
| false | 1TV
|
[
1
] |
[
"Gordon Ramsay is the head chef.",
"The narrator is Jason Thompson.",
"Jean-Philippe Susilovic, a Belgian maître d' comes from Petrus, one of Ramsay's London restaurants and appeared in the first seven seasons and later returned for the 11th season.",
"Susilovic was also the maître d' for the first series of the original British version.",
"James Lukanik replaced Susilovic for the eighth-tenth seasons.",
"Each team also has the services of one of two sous-chefs.",
"The sous-chefs are Andrea \"Andi\" Van Willigan (from season 7 onwards) and James Avery (from season 11 onwards).",
"Previous sous-chefs were Mary Ann Salcedo, Gloria Felix, Season 2 winner Heather West, and Scott Leibfried.",
"Head Chefs",
" Gordon Ramsay",
"Sous Chefs",
";Blue Team",
" Scott Leibfried (Seasons 1 – 10)",
" James Avery (Seasons 11 – present)",
";Red Team",
" Mary-Ann Salcedo (Seasons 1 – 3)",
" Gloria Felix (Seasons 4 – 5)",
" Heather West (Season 6)",
" Andi Van Willigan (Seasons 7 – present)",
"Maître d's",
" Jean-Philippe Susilovic (Seasons 1 – 7, 11 – present)",
" James Lukanik (Seasons 8 – 10)"
] |
[
3
] |
Artistry
|
The orientation found strongest early on in the movement of Rivera, Orozco, and Siqueiros all avowed communists is what?
|
Mexican muralism
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
12,
13
] |
[
"Mexican populist art production from the 1920s to the 1950s is often grouped under the name of “Escuela Mexicana de Pintura (y Escultura) (Mexican School of Painting and Sculpture), coined in the 1930s by art historians and critics.",
"The term is not well-defined as it does not distinguish among some important stylistic and thematic difference, there is no firm agreement which artists belong to it nor if muralism should be considered part of it or separate.",
"It is not a school in the classic sense of the word as it includes work by more than one generation and with different styles that sometimes clash.",
"However, it does involve a number of important characteristics.",
"Mexican School mural painting was a combination of public ideals and artistic aesthics “positioned as a constituent of the official public sphere.” Three formal components of official Mexican muralism are defined as:1) Direct participation in official publicity and discourse2) Reciprocal integration of the visual discourse of the mural to an array of communicative practices participant in defining official publicity (including a variety of scriptural genres, but also public speech, debate and provocative public “event”)3) The development and public thematizing of a social-realist aesthetic (albeit multiform in character) as the visual register for the public sense of the mural work and as the doxic, or unquestioned, limits for public dispute over the representational space of the mural imageMost painters in this school worked in Mexico City or other cities in Mexico, working almost uninterrupted on projects and/or as teachers, generally with support of the government.",
"Most were concerned with the history and identity of Mexico and politically active.",
"Most art from this school was not created for direct sale but rather for diffusion in both Mexico and abroad.",
"Most were formally trained, often studying in Europe and/or in the Academy of San Carlos.",
"A large quantity of murals were produced in most of the country from the 1920s to 1970, generally with themes related to politics and nationalism focused often on the Mexican Revolution, mestizo identity and Mesoamerican cultural history.",
"These served as a form of cohesion among members of the movement.",
"The political and nationalistic aspects had little directly to do with the Mexican Revolution, especially in the later decades.",
"The goal was more to glorify it and its results as a means to legitimatize the post Revolution government.",
"The other political orientation was that of Marxism, especially class struggle.",
"This was strongest in the early movement with Rivera, Orozco and Siqueiros all avowed communists.",
"The political messages became less radical but they remained firmly to the left.",
"Much of the mural production glorified the indigenous aspect of Mexican culture, considering it an important factor in the creation of modern Mexico.",
"This was added with the idea of reexamining the country’s history from a different perspective.",
"One other aspect that most of the muralists shared was a rejection of the idea that art was only for the elite, but rather as a benefit for the masses.",
"The murals took on monumental status because of where they were situated, mostly on the walls of colonial era government buildings and the themes that were painted.",
"The mural painters of Mexico freely shared ideas and techniques as they were a closely knit group.",
"However, the work of each was distinctive as the government did not set style and artists can generally be deduced without looking at signatures.",
"Techniques included the revival of old techniques such as the fresco, painting on freshly plastered walls and encaustic or hot wax painting .",
"Others used mosaics and high fire ceramics, as well as metal parts, and layers of cement.",
"The most innovative of the artists was Siqueiros who worked with pyroxlene, a commercial enamel and Duco (used to paint cars), resins, asbestos, old machinery and was one of the first to use airbrush for artistic purposes.",
"He pored, sprayed, dripped and splattered paint for the effects they created haphazardly."
] |
[
0
] |
Related works
|
Who condemned the work as disrespectful to Mandela?
|
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp
| false | 3ART
|
[
9
] |
[
"",
"\"The anatomy lesson of Joan Deyman\" (or \"Jan Deijman\")[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_008.jpg] painted by Rembrandt in 1656, was intended to be displayed in the Anatomical Hall in Amsterdam alongside \"The anatomy lesson of Tulp.",
"Deijman was Tulp's immediate successor in the post of praelector chirugic et anatomie.",
"The painting was damaged by fire in 1723, and only a central fragment survives.",
"Around 1856 Édouard Manet visited The Hague and made a small oil on panel copy of \"The Anatomy Lesson\".",
"Broadly painted in a limited palette, Manet gave the painting to his physician, Dr. Siredey.",
"A less detailed copy of The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicolaes Tulp by an unknown artist hangs in Edinburgh as part of The University of Edinburgh Fine Art Collection\"The Gross Clinic\" of 1875 and \"The Agnew Clinic\" of 1889 are paintings by the American artist Thomas Eakins which treat a similar subject, operations on live patients in the presence of medical students.",
"In 2010, Yiull Damaso created a parody of the painting depicting prominent South Africans.",
"Nelson Mandela was the cadaver, Nkosi Johnson was the instructor, and the students were Desmond Tutu, F. W. de Klerk, Thabo Mbeki, Jacob Zuma, Cyril Ramaphosa, Trevor Manuel, and Helen Zille.",
"The African National Congress condemned the work as disrespectful to Mandela, racist, and culturally insensitive to African taboos on depiction of living people as dead.",
"The 2011 video game \"\" references the painting in both in-game portraits that can be found on the wall and in a certain cinematic trailer, featuring the main protagonist Adam Jensen as the cadaver as Dr. Nicolaes and his students study his charred and ruined arms, which in the actual story become amputated and replaced with mechanical limbs.",
"The painting is discussed by the narrator (a young man) and his mother during a visit to the Met in \"The Goldfinch\", a 2013 novel by Donna Tartt.",
"In the 2012 German film Barbara, there is a scene in which Dr. Andre offers his interpretation of the painting to Dr. Barbara when she points out the inaccuracy of Arendt's left hand."
] |
[
3
] |
Multi-sport events
|
What year did track and field begin following an Olympic style model?
|
Track and field
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
1
] |
[
"Mirroring the role that track and field events have at the Summer Olympics and Paralympics, the sport is featured within the athletics programmes of many major multi-sport events.",
"Among some of the first of these events to follow the Olympic-style model were the World University Games in 1923, the Commonwealth Games in 1930, and the Maccabiah Games in 1932.",
"The number of major multi-sport events greatly increased during the 20th century and thus did the number of track and field events held within them.",
"Typically, track and field events are hosted at the main stadium of the games.",
"After the Olympic and Paralympic Games, the most prominent events for track and field athletes include the three IOC-sanctioned continental games: the All-Africa Games, Asian Games, and the Pan American Games.",
"Other games such as the Commonwealth Games and Summer Universiade, and World Masters Games have significant participation from track and field athletes.",
"Track and field is also present at the national games level, with competitions such as the Chinese National Games serving as the most prestigious national competition for domestic track and field athletes."
] |
[
0
] |
Recurring
|
What was the name of Mindy's ex boyfriend?
|
The Mindy Project
| true | 1TV
|
[
0
] |
[
" Tommy Dewey as Josh Daniels, a lawyer; Mindy's former boyfriend.",
" Utkarsh Ambudkar as Rishi Lahiri, Mindy's younger brother, an aspiring rapper.",
" Kelen Coleman as Alex, a friend of Mindy.",
" Mark Duplass as Brendan Deslaurier, a male midwife.",
" Jay Duplass as Duncan Deslaurier, a male midwife.",
" Bill Hader as Tom McDougall, a dentist; former boyfriend of Mindy.",
" Anders Holm as Casey Peerson, a Christian minister; Mindy's former fiancé.",
" Chloë Sevigny as Christina, Danny's ex-wife.",
" Ellie Kemper as Heather, Josh's ex-girlfriend and Mindy's neighbor.",
" Glenn Howerton as Cliff Gilbert, a handsome lawyer in the same building as Shulman & Associates'."
] |
[
0
] |
Costs of restoration programmes
|
Who was the Versailles museum director in the 50s?
|
Palace of Versailles
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
1
] |
[
"The restoration initiatives launched by the Fifth Republic have proven to be perhaps more costly than the expenditures of the palace in the Ancien Régime.",
"Starting in the 1950s, when the museum of Versailles was under the directorship of Gérald van der Kemp, the objective was to restore the palace to its state – or as close to it as possible – in 1789 when the royal family left the palace.",
"Among the early projects was the repair of the roof over the Hall of Mirrors; the publicity campaign brought international attention to the plight of post-war Versailles and garnered much foreign money including a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation.",
"Concurrently, in Russia, the restoration of the Pavlovsk Palace located outside of Leningrad – today's Saint Petersburg – brought the attention of French museum authorities, including the curators of Versailles (Massie, 1990).",
"Pavlovsk Palace was built by Catherine the Great's son Paul.",
"The czarevitch and his wife, Marie Feodorovna, were avid francophiles, who, on a visit to France and Versailles in the 1780s, purchased great quantities of silk, which they later used to upholster furniture in Pavlosk.",
"The palace survived the Russian Revolution intact – descendants of Paul I were living in the palace at the time the communists evicted them – however, during the Second World War, the furniture and artifacts housed in the palace, which had been transformed into a museum, were removed.",
"In the process of evacuation the museum collections, remnants of the silks purchased by Paul I of Russia and Marie Feodorovna were found and conserved.",
"After the war when Soviet authorities were restoring the palace, which had been gutted by the retreating Nazi forces, they recreated the silk fabrics by using the conserved 18th century remnants (Massie, 1990).",
"When the French authorities saw the results of Russian efforts and the high quality they were able to achieve, the French revived 18th-century weaving techniques so as to reproduce the silks used in the decoration of Versailles (Massie, 1990).",
"The two greatest achievements of this initiative are seen today in wall hangings used in the restoration of the \"chambre de la reine\" in the \"grand appartement de reine\" and the \"chambre du roi\" in the \"appartement du roi\".",
"While the design used for the \"chambre du roi\" was, in fact, from a design that had been used during the \"Ancien Régime\" to decorate the \"chambre de la reine\", it nevertheless represents a great achievement in the on-going restoration at Versailles.",
"Additionally, this project, which took over seven years to achieve, required several hundred kilograms of silver and gold to complete (Meyer, 1989).",
"One of the more costly endeavors for the museum and the government of France's Fifth Republic has been to repurchase as much of the original furnishings as possible.",
"However, because furniture with a royal provenance – and especially furniture that was made for Versailles – is a highly sought after commodity on the international market, the museum has spent considerable funds on retrieving much of the palace's original furnishings (Kemp, 1976).",
"In 2003, a new restoration initiative – the \"Grand Versailles\" project – was started, which necessitated unexpected repair and replantation of the gardens.",
"The project will be on-going for the next seventeen years, funded with a state endowment of €135 million allocated for the first seven years.",
"The project will address such concerns as security for the palace, and continued restoration of the \"bosquet des trois fontaines\".",
"VINCI underwrote the €12 million restoration project for the Hall of Mirrors, which was completed in 2006 (Leloup, 2006).",
"We may never know the true amount spent on the creation of Versailles, and most current estimates are speculative.",
"A recent estimate has placed the amount spent on Versailles during the \"Ancien régime\" as US$2 billion (Littell, 2000).",
"This figure in all probability is an under-evaluation of the money spent on Versailles.",
"France's Fifth Republic expenditures alone that have been directed to restoration and maintenance at Versailles undoubtedly surpass those of the Sun King."
] |
[
3
] |
Plot
|
How did Cyril find out that her father sold his bike?
|
The Kid with a Bike
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
7
] |
[
"The story begins with Cyril, a 12-year-old boy in foster care, searching for his father and lost bike.",
"Cyril escapes the foster home to try to find his father at his old apartment.",
"When the caretakers find him, Cyril flees to a doctor’s office nearby, where he grabs onto a woman in the waiting room.",
"Trying to alleviate the situation, the caretakers take Cyril to the empty apartment, confirming that his father has really abandoned him.",
"The next morning, the woman from the doctor's office, Samantha, shows up with Cyril’s bike.",
"She says she bought it from someone in the projects, but Cyril thinks it was stolen from his dad.",
"He likes Samantha though, and asks if she would take him in on weekends.",
"Later, through an old personal ad, Cyril discovers that his father actually sold his bike.",
"With Samantha, Cyril is able to finally track down his father.",
"However, his father isn't happy to be found and tells his son never to come back.",
"Cyril, heartbroken by his father's rejection, turns to Samantha for comfort.",
"But despite Samantha's care, Cyril is soon taken under the wing of Wesker, a local gang leader known as \"The Dealer\".",
"At The Dealer’s prompting, Cyril robs a newsstand owner and his son with a baseball bat.",
"The Dealer, fearing Cyril had been identified, forces him to keep quiet and keep the money.",
"Cyril tries giving it to his father only to be chased away.",
"Dejected, Cyril returns to Samantha and finally accepts her care for him.",
"The robbery is settled through mediation, where Cyril apologizes personally to the owner, who accepts, but his son does not and, in a chance encounter, tries to get his revenge.",
"In the ensuing chase, Cyril climbs a tree and falls when struck by a rock the son throws.",
"While he lies unconscious, the owner and son discuss what lies to tell the police.",
"While they're talking, Cyril comes to and walks away, having apparently decided to move on with his life."
] |
[
5
] |
Comparisons of speed and athletic requirements
|
Is badminton considered the fastest racquet sport?
|
Badminton
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
1
] |
[
"Statistics such as the smash speed, above, prompt badminton enthusiasts to make other comparisons that are more contentious.",
"For example, it is often claimed that badminton is the fastest racquet sport.",
"Although badminton holds the record for the fastest initial speed of a racket sports projectile, the shuttlecock decelerates substantially faster than other projectiles such as tennis balls.",
"In turn, this qualification must be qualified by consideration of the distance over which the shuttlecock travels: a smashed shuttlecock travels a shorter distance than a tennis ball during a serve.",
"Badminton's claim as the fastest racquet sport might also be based on reaction time requirements, but arguably table tennis requires even faster reaction times.",
"While fans of badminton and tennis often claim that their sport is the more physically demanding, such comparisons are difficult to make objectively because of the differing demands of the games.",
"No formal study currently exists evaluating the physical condition of the players or demands during game play."
] |
[] |
Release
|
Which year was The Usual Suspects released?
|
The Usual Suspects
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
0
] |
[
"Gramercy Pictures ran a pre-release promotion and advertising campaign before \"The Usual Suspects\" opened in the summer of 1995.",
"Word of mouth marketing was used to advertise the film, and buses and billboards were plastered with the simple question, \"Who is Keyser Söze?",
"\"The film was shown out of competition at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival and was well received by audiences and critics.",
"The film was then given an exclusive run in Los Angeles, where it took a combined $83,513, and New York City, where it made $132,294 on three screens in its opening weekend.",
"The film was then released in 42 theaters where it earned $645,363 on its opening weekend.",
"It averaged a strong $4,181 per screen at 517 theaters and the following week added 300 play dates.",
"It eventually made $23.3 million in North America."
] |
[] |
Abstract
|
What are some of the steps in preparation that give Croissants their distinct form?
|
Croissant
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
1,
2
] |
[
"A croissant ( or ; ) is a buttery flaky viennoiserie pastry named for its well known crescent shape.",
"Croissants and other viennoiserie are made of a layered yeast-leavened dough.",
"The dough is layered with butter, rolled and folded several times in succession, then rolled into a sheet, in a technique called laminating.",
"The process results in a layered, flaky texture, similar to a puff pastry.",
"Crescent-shaped food breads have been made since the Middle Ages, and crescent-shaped cakes possibly since antiquity.",
"Croissants have long been a staple of French bakeries and pâtisseries.",
"In the late 1970s, the development of factory-made, frozen, pre-formed but unbaked dough made them into a fast food which can be freshly baked by unskilled labor.",
"The croissanterie was explicitly a French response to American-style fast food, and today 30–40% of the croissants sold in French bakeries and patisseries are frozen.",
"Today, the croissant remains popular in a continental breakfast."
] |
[
0
] |
Critical reception
|
Among best Beatles songs what rank does Rolling Stone place "Hey Jude"?
|
Hey Jude
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
12
] |
[
"Upon the release of the \"Hey Jude\" single, \"Time\" contrasted it with its B-side \"Revolution.\"",
"\"Time\" wrote, \"The other side of the new disk urges activism of a different sort\" due to McCartney \"liltingly exhorta friend to overcome his fears and commit himself in love.\"",
"Robert Christgau of \"The Village Voice\" called it \"one of his truest and most forthright love songs\" and was critical of its omission from \"The Beatles\".",
"Music analyst Alan Pollack praised \"Hey Jude,\" saying, \"it's such a good illustration of two compositional lessons—how to fill a large canvas with simple means, and how to use diverse elements such as harmony, bassline, and orchestration to articulate form and contrast.\"",
"He also said it is unusual for a long song because it uses a \"binary form that combines a fully developed, hymn-like song together with an extended, mantra-like jam on a simple chord progression.\"",
"Pollack described the song's long coda and fadeout as \"an astonishingly transcendental effect,\" while Unterberger observed, \"What could have very easily been boring is instead hypnotic\".",
"John Lennon said \"Hey Jude\" was \"one of his [Paul's masterpieces.",
"\"\"Hey Jude\" was nominated for the Grammy Awards of 1969 in the Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal categories but failed to win any of them.",
"It did win the 1968 Ivor Novello Award for \"A-Side With the Highest Sales\".",
"In the 1968 \"NME\" Readers' Poll, \"Hey Jude\" was named the best single of the year.",
"In 2001, \"Hey Jude\" was inducted into the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Grammy Hall of Fame.",
"In 2004 and later in 2010, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked the song at number eight on \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time,\" making it the highest ranked Beatles song on the list.",
"Also in 2010, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked the song at number seven on the Beatles' 100 Greatest Songs.",
"It came in third on Channel 4's list of 100 Greatest Singles.",
"The Amusement & Music Operators Association ranked \"Hey Jude\" the 11th-best jukebox single of all time.",
"It was also voted the greatest song of all time by \"Mojo\" readers."
] |
[
0
] |
Enchanted Forest
|
When did the Enchanted Forest open?
|
Magic Kingdom
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
5
] |
[
"With the completion of Storybook Circus and Enchanted Forest, Magic Kingdom Park now covers 133 acres.",
"Recent conceptual artwork shows several new additions and changes that will make up the New Fantasyland.",
"Included is a new , themed to Disney's 1989 film \"The Little Mermaid\", that originally opened at Disney California Adventure.",
"There is also an area, themed to Disney's 1991 film \"Beauty and the Beast\", featuring the Beast's Castle with a new dining experience, Gaston's Tavern, and Belle's cottage.",
"Snow White's Scary Adventures was removed to build Princess Fairytale Hall, a meet-n-greet.",
"This portion of the New Fantasyland officially opened on December 6, 2012.",
"Opening on March 3rd, 2014 will be another part of the New Fantasyland featuring an attraction themed to \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\", which will feature Snow White's cottage and The Seven Dwarfs Mine Train roller coaster ride, the first roller coaster to move in a wobbling motion on track, which should open in the Spring."
] |
[
2
] |
Theories of mechanical aid
|
Who was the Hockney-Falco thesis named after?
|
Johannes Vermeer
| false | 3ART
|
[
2
] |
[
"Vermeer's painting techniques have long been a source of debate, given their almost photorealistic attention to detail, despite Vermeer having had no formal training, and despite only limited evidence that Vermeer had created any preparatory sketches or traces for his paintings.",
"In 2001, British artist David Hockney published the book \"Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Lost Techniques of the Old Masters\", in which he argued that Vermeer - among other Renaissance artists including Hans Holbein and Diego Velázquez - used optics, and specifically some combination of curved mirrors, camera obscura and camera lucida, to achieve precise positioning in their compositions.",
"This became known as the Hockney–Falco thesis, named after Hockney and Charles M. Falco, another proponent of the theory.",
"Working independently, in 2001 British architecture professor Philip Steadman published the book \"Vermeer's Camera: Uncovering the Truth behind the Masterpieces\", which specifically claimed that Vermeer had used a camera obscura to create his paintings.",
"Noting that many of Vermeer's paintings had been painted in the same room, Steadman found six of his paintings that are precisely the right size if they had been painted from inside a camera obscura in the room's back wall.",
"Supporters of these theories have pointed to evidence in some of Vermeer's paintings, such as the often-discussed sparkling pearly highlights in Vermeer's paintings, which they argue are the result of the primitive lens of a camera obscura producing halation.",
"It was also postulated that a camera obscura was the mechanical cause of the \"exaggerated\" perspective seen in \"Lady at the Virginals with a Gentleman\" (London, Royal Collection).",
"In 2008, American entrepreneur and inventor Tim Jenison developed the theory that Vermeer had used a camera obscura along with a \"comparator mirror\", which is similar in concept to a camera lucida but much simpler, and allows for easily matching color values.",
"He later modified the theory to simply involve a concave mirror and a comparator mirror.",
"He spent the next five years testing his theory by attempting to re-create \"The Music Lesson\" himself using these tools, a process captured in the 2013 documentary film \"Tim's Vermeer\".",
"This theory remains disputed.",
"Aside from the accurately observed mirror reflection above the lady at the virginals, there is no historical evidence regarding Vermeer's interest in optics.",
"The detailed inventory of the artist's belongings drawn up after his death does not include a camera obscura or any similar device."
] |
[
3
] |
Climate
|
Which point is the lowest?
|
Tunisia
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
5
] |
[
"Tunisia's climate is temperate in the north, with mild rainy winters and hot, dry summers.",
"The south of the country is desert.",
"The terrain in the north is mountainous, which, moving south, gives way to a hot, dry central plain.",
"The south is semiarid, and merges into the Sahara.",
"A series of salt lakes, known as \"chotts\" or \"shatts\", lie in an east-west line at the northern edge of the Sahara, extending from the Gulf of Gabes into Algeria.",
"The lowest point is Shatt al Gharsah, at below sea level and the highest is Jebel ech Chambi, at ."
] |
[] |
Lessons
|
By what grade do all children in Sweden need to learn to swim?
|
Human swimming
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
1
] |
[
"Children generally do not swim independently until 4 years of age.",
"In Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Estonia and Finland, the curriculum for the fifth grade (fourth grade in Estonia) states that all children should learn how to swim as well as how to handle emergencies near water.",
"Most commonly, children are expected to be able to swim – of which at least on their back – after first falling into deep water and getting their head under water.",
"Even though about 95 percent of Swedish school children know how to swim, drowning remains the third most common cause of death among children.",
"In both the Netherlands and Belgium swimming lessons under school time (\"schoolzwemmen\", school swimming) are supported by the government.",
"Most schools provide swimming lessons.",
"There is a long tradition of swimming lessons in the Netherlands and Belgium, the Dutch translation for the breaststroke swimming style is even \"schoolslag\" (schoolstroke).",
"The children learn a variant of the breaststroke, which is technically not entirely correct.",
"In France, swimming is a compulsory part of the curriculum for primary schools.",
"Children usually spend one semester per year learning swimming during CE1/CE2/CM1 (2nd, 3rd and 4th grade).",
"In many places, swimming lessons are provided by local swimming pools, both those run by the local authority and by private leisure companies.",
"Many schools also include swimming lessons into their Physical Education curricula, provided either in the schools' own pool, or in the nearest public pool.",
"In the UK, the \"Top-ups scheme\" calls for school children who cannot swim by the age of 11 to receive intensive daily lessons.",
"These children who have not reached Great Britain's National Curriculum standard of swimming 25 metres by the time they leave primary school will be given a half-hour lesson every day for two weeks during term-time.",
"In Canada and Mexico there has been a call for swimming to be included in the public school curriculum.",
"In USA there is the Infant Swimming Resource (ISR) initiative that provides lessons for infant children, to cope with emergency situation when they have fallen into water.",
"They are learned how to roll-back-to-float (hold their breath underwater, to roll onto their back, to float unassisted, rest and breathe until help arrives)."
] |
[
0
] |
Assault and capture of Nanking
|
Which division entered via the Guanghua Gate?
|
Nanking Massacre
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
7
] |
[
"The Japanese awaited an answer to their demand for surrender but no response was received from the Chinese by the deadline on December 10.",
"General Matsui Iwane waited another hour before issuing the command to take Nanking by force.",
"The Japanese army mounted its assault on the Nanking walls from multiple directions; the SEF’s 16th Division attacked three gates on the eastern side, the 6th Division of the 10A launched its offensive on the western walls, and the SEF’s 9th Division advanced into the area in-between.",
"On December 12, under heavy artillery fire and aerial bombardment, General Tang Sheng-chi ordered his men to retreat.",
"What followed was nothing short of chaos.",
"Some Chinese soldiers stripped civilians of their clothing in a desperate attempt to blend in, and many others were shot by the Chinese supervisory unit as they tried to flee.",
"On 13 December, the 6th and the 116th Divisions of the Japanese Army were the first to enter the city, facing little military resistance.",
"Simultaneously, the 9th Division entered nearby Guanghua Gate, and the 16th Division entered the Zhongshan and Taiping gates.",
"That same afternoon, two small Japanese Navy fleets arrived on both sides of the Yangtze River."
] |
[] |
Background and release
|
Who wrote "What Makes You Beautiful?
|
What Makes You Beautiful
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
1
] |
[
"After being formed and finishing third in the seventh series of \"The X Factor\" in 2010, One Direction were signed to Syco Music, a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment.",
"\"What Makes You Beautiful\" was written by Rami Yacoub, Carl Falk and Savan Kotecha, and was produced by Yacoub and Falk.",
"Instrumentation was completed by Falk and Yacoub.",
"Serban Ghenea handled the audio mixing, Tom Coyne the audio mastering, and John Hanes the mix engineering, for which Phil Seaford served as the assistant.",
"After recording the song at Cosmos Studios and Kinglet Studios in Stockholm, Sweden, the band felt relieved to have a song that they were happy to release as their debut single.",
"Band member Liam Payne called the song \"perfect\", and Harry Styles said, \"When we were recording in the studio we knew instantly that we wanted this track to be our first single.\"",
"Styles spoke to MTV News, \"I think for us we wanted to release something that wasn't cheesy but it was fun.",
"It kind of represented us, I think it took us a while to find it but I think we found the right song.\"",
"Payne added, \"We always wanted single to be something that people didn't expect and then when we heard it, it wasn't what we expected either so it kind of fitted perfectly.\"",
"\"What Makes You Beautiful\" premiered on BBC Radio 1 on 10 August 2011, and was released by Syco Music in Europe, Australia and New Zealand via digital download on 11 September 2011.",
"A CD single was released in the United Kingdom on 12 September 2011, and followed in Australia and Germany on 25 November 2011 and 2 December 2011, respectively.",
"For the North American release of \"Up All Night\" on 13 March 2012, Columbia Records executives used social media to shape its marketing campaign.",
"Columbia Records co-chairman Steve Barnett and his team decided to reverse the usual pattern of releasing a single on radio.",
"Instead the label mounted a four-month marketing campaign aimed at building a fan base through social media before a single was ever released or played on the radio.",
"The social media campaign asked fans to sign petitions and to enter video competitions to win a concert in their town.",
"The campaign was a success as One Direction's Facebook followers in the United States rose from 40,000 to 400,000.",
"As a result, \"What Makes You Beautiful\" sold more than 131,000 copies in its first week, even though it had yet to be played on the radio.",
"Radio programmers were flooded with calls from fans.",
"Johnny Wright, who managed New Kids on the Block, Backstreet Boys and 'N Sync, said: \"Now they are calling the radio station, and the radio station is scratching its head, saying, \"We don't even have that record yet\".",
"It's almost like the return of The Beatles.",
"I call it hype, but it's positive hype because it's all real.",
"It's not manufactured.",
"No one paid these kids.\"",
"The single was released in Canada via digital download on 31 January 2012.",
"\"What Makes You Beautiful\" was released 14 February 2012 in the United States and was sent by Columbia Records to US contemporary hit radio (CHR) playlists on 28 February 2012."
] |
[
0,
3
] |
Diver propulsion
|
How is the depth controlled when scuba diving using propulsion?
|
Scuba diving
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
5
] |
[
"Personal mobility is enhanced by fins and optionally diver propulsion vehicles.",
"Fins have a large blade area and use the more powerful leg muscles, so are much more efficient for propulsion and manoeuvring thrust than arm and hand movements, but require skill to provide fine control.",
"Streamlining dive gear will reduce drag and improve mobility.",
"Balanced trim which allows the diver to align in any desired direction also improves streamlining by presenting the smallest section area to the direction of movement and allows propulsion thrust to be used more efficiently.",
"Occasionally a diver may be towed using a \"sled\", an unpowered device towed behind a surface vessel which conserves the diver's energy and allows more distance to be covered for a given air consumption and bottom time.",
"The depth is usually controlled by the diver by using diving planes or by tilting the whole sled.",
"Some sleds are faired to reduce drag on the diver."
] |
[
2,
5
] |
Vaccines
|
How many viral infections can vaccines prevent?
|
Virus
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
4
] |
[
"Vaccination is a cheap and effective way of preventing infections by viruses.",
"Vaccines were used to prevent viral infections long before the discovery of the actual viruses.",
"Their use has resulted in a dramatic decline in morbidity (illness) and mortality (death) associated with viral infections such as polio, measles, mumps and rubella.",
"Smallpox infections have been eradicated.",
"Vaccines are available to prevent over thirteen viral infections of humans, and more are used to prevent viral infections of animals.",
"Vaccines can consist of live-attenuated or killed viruses, or viral proteins (antigens).",
"Live vaccines contain weakened forms of the virus, which do not cause the disease but, nonetheless, confer immunity.",
"Such viruses are called attenuated.",
"Live vaccines can be dangerous when given to people with a weak immunity, (who are described as immunocompromised), because in these people, the weakened virus can cause the original disease.",
"Biotechnology and genetic engineering techniques are used to produce subunit vaccines.",
"These vaccines use only the capsid proteins of the virus.",
"Hepatitis B vaccine is an example of this type of vaccine.",
"Subunit vaccines are safe for immunocompromised patients because they cannot cause the disease.",
"The yellow fever virus vaccine, a live-attenuated strain called 17D, is probably the safest and most effective vaccine ever generated."
] |
[
5
] |
Timeline of construction
|
What year did Bishop Eudes de Sully die?
|
Notre Dame de Paris
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
5
] |
[
" 1160 Maurice de Sully (named Bishop of Paris), orders the original cathedral demolished.",
" 1163 Cornerstone laid for Notre-Dame de Paris, construction begins.",
" 1182 Apse and choir completed.",
" 1196 Bishop Maurice de Sully dies.",
" c.1200 Work begins on western facade.",
" 1208 Bishop Eudes de Sully dies.",
"Nave vaults nearing completion.",
" 1225 Western facade completed.",
" 1250 Western towers and north rose window completed.",
" c.1245–1260s Transepts remodelled in the Rayonnant style by Jean de Chelles then Pierre de Montreuil",
" 1250–1345 Remaining elements completed"
] |
[
0
] |
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