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{"id": 5864, "premise": "Skinner's operational conditioning theory is a fundamental part of the reinforcement principle.Skinner referred to reinforcement as any event in which conditioning increases the probability of an individual's operant response. He distinguished between two types of reinforcement: positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. The increase in stimulus is positive reinforcement when there is an increase in the probability of an increase in a stimulus in the environment. And negative reinforcement occurs when a stimulus in the environment decreases while the probability of a behavioral response increases.", "hypothesis": "The teacher praised the students for their discipline in class is not positive reinforcement.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6873, "premise": "On the topic of education at the moment, there are often two armies confronting each other: on the one hand, there are education experts who say with all their heart that successful education must inspire students' interest; on the other side are parents and teachers who agree that exams are the only ones and scores are the top priority. Experts point out that such utilitarianism has ruthlessly stifled the children's nature and interest. However, under the conditions of insufficient high-quality educational resources, parents do not want to find ways to get their children to enter prestigious schools, what more wise choices can be made?", "hypothesis": "Parents' utilitarian choice can be inferred from this text to be out of helplessness.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2573, "premise": "In a certain institute, all the engineers are union members, some managers are masters, some engineers are masters, all union members have applied for credit cards, there is no manager to apply for credit cards.", "hypothesis": "A engineer who doesn't apply for a credit card is a counterexample of the above premise.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11416, "premise": "A proposed amendment would allow the city council to decide that certain city elections be conducted solely by mail. But voting is a sacred right in democracies, one that has always been exercised by voting in person and not by mail. Ttherefore, voting by mail should not be allowed, and the proposed amendment should be rejected.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument presents an appeal to tradition as the only reason for rejecting the proposal.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11121, "premise": "At Tromen University this semester, some students taking French Literature 205 are also taking Biology 218. Every student taking Biology 218 at Tromen is a biology major. Ttherefore, some of the students taking French Literature 205 are not French-literature majors.", "hypothesis": "The conclusion drawn above follows logically if it is assumed to be true at Tromen University that it is not possible to major in both biology and French literature.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10854, "premise": "Being near woodlands, the natural habitat of bees, promotes the health of crops that depend on pollination. Bees, the most common pollinators, visit flowers far from woodlands less often than they visit flowers close to woodlands.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The likelihood that a plant is pollinated increases as the number of visits from pollinators increases' most strengthens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12260, "premise": "For the average person who needs a transfusion, blood from a relative is more likely to be infected with hepatitis than is blood from a blood bank. Ttherefore, the risk of contracting hepatitis from a transfusion is higher for people receiving blood from relatives than for people receiving blood from blood banks.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Blood that is to be used in a transfusion is always screened for hepatitis' most seriously weakens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1692, "premise": "Modern scientific and technological achievements have created advanced medicine, extended human life and reduced newborn infant mortality. Coupled with the long period of peace after World War II, some countries adopted family planning policies very late, which has resulted in a stable reproductive era for mankind. The world's population is growing rapidly and is expected to reach 6.4 billion by the end of the current world Economy.", "hypothesis": "The main argument supported is that the stable fertility period caused by a combination of many factors led to a large increase in population.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12120, "premise": "Dr. Schilling: Those who advocate replacing my country' s private health insurance system with. nationalized health insurance because of the rising costs of medical care fail to consider the high human costs that consumers pay in countries with nationalized insurance: access to high-technology medicine is restricted. Kidney transplants and open-heart surgery-familiar life-saving procedures are rationed. People are denied their right to treatments they want and need. Dr. Laforte: Your country' s reliance on private health insurance denies access even to basic, conventional medicine to the many people who cannot afford adequate health coverage. With nationalized insurance, rich and poor have equal access to life-saving medical procedures, and people' s right to decent medical treatment regardless of income is not violated.", "hypothesis": "In responding to Dr. Schilling, Dr. Laforte employs the argumentative strategy of showing that the objections raised by Dr. Schilling have no bearing on the question of which of the two systems under consideration is the superior system.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5731, "premise": "Recently, some foreign scholars and media have more concentrated reflections and criticisms on the Western democratic system, pointing out that Western democracy is declining. In this regard, some scholars believe that one of the reasons for the decline of Western democracy is its genetic defects. Western democracy is the establishment based on a hypothetical premise that rights are absolute. That is to say, rights and obligations are relative, but in the Western democratic model, the absoluteization of rights has become the mainstream, all kinds of rights are absolute, and individualism is supreme, and lack of social responsibility.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The two parties in the United States often put their rights above the national interests and veto each other, jeopardizing the interests of the country and citizens' would best support the scholar's point of view.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14948, "premise": "The Aquipos toucan is able to use its long beak to reach inside apertures in a tree's bark and feed on the insects that dwell within and that are the toucan's main food source. Several noted ornithologists have speculated that because the toucan's beak is curved in a manner similar to the openings in the bark, the beak evolved so that the toucan can best take advantage of the insects lying deep inside.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The Aquipos toucan is also able to use its beak to break bark, thereby accessing insects that dwell in the trunk' argues most strongly against the ornithologists' speculation.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10474, "premise": "Pascal, a modern French thinker, once argued that either there was a Christian God or there was no Christian God. If you believe that God exists and live in a Christian way, then if God does exist, you will have endless blessings: if God does not exist, you will have very little to lose. But suppose you don't believe that God exists and don't live in a Christian way. If God doesn't exist, you have nothing to lose: if God does exist, you will be punished endlessly. So don't hesitate, choose to believe in God and live in a Christian way.", "hypothesis": "The option 'There are many religions in this world, each of which has powerful gods (gods) and they all impose unlimited punishments on those who do not believe in themselves' best illustrates the loophole in the logic of this argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2864, "premise": "A certain naval force has 7 ships of A, B, C, D, E, H, and G. It is planned to form two fleets to sail. There are 3 ships in the first formation and 4 ships in the second formation. The formation must meet the following conditions: (1) The aircraft carrier must be listed in the second formation; (2) E and C have at most one formation in the first formation; 3) A and C are not in the same formation; (4) If B is arranged in the first formation, D must also be arranged in the first formation.", "hypothesis": "If A is in the second formation, D must also be in the second formation.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3941, "premise": "Avalanches can put 40 to 50 tons of force on the surface of a hit object per square meter. The impact force is very striking. Avalanches can also cause violent oscillations in the air during their high-speed movement, a powerful blast of air in front of an avalanche faucet that resembles the blast wave of an atomic bomb. Avalanches are likely to be stopped at steep rock or sharp turns in river valleys. Avalanches, on the other hand, continue to move in the direction of avalanches, destroying forests, houses, overturning vehicles and choking people and animals.", "hypothesis": "An avalanche has a greater impact than an atomic bomb can be inferred from the statements above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2313, "premise": "The input of most parents has a significant positive predictive effect on their children's academic investment.The degree of parental investment decreases with the increase of their children's grades.At the same time, most parents pay more attention to the investment in home tutoring, and lack of investment in their children's participation in community and school activities. The parenting style of parental independent support or control plays a moderating role in the relationship between parental investment and children's academic investment, and partly through the mediating variable of meeting the children's academic psychological needs.", "hypothesis": "The reduction of most parents' investment in their children's education means an increase in their children's grades can be inferred.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7041, "premise": "In the long process of evolution, food scarcity has always been the primary threat faced by mankind. Due to the uncertainty of food supply and the inability of food to be preserved for a long time, mankind has been living a full and hungry life. Individuals who can make the most effective use of food have survival advantages. After repeated famine choices, individuals with survival advantages and their genes, These genes can stimulate the secretion of a large amount of insulin after a full meal, so as to maximize the conversion and utilization of glucose in the blood. Although the cost of doing so may lead to obesity, the threat to survival caused by its harm to the body will not appear until middle age. For most of human history, The average life expectancy is less than 30 years.", "hypothesis": "The paragraph is intended to illustrate that human physiological structure is the result of natural selection.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10288, "premise": "Cross-species studies of animal populations have shown that cubs who are isolated from their mothers within a month of birth often show strong aggression. For example, when looking for food, he is aggressive and fighting for food, while other cubs give in and he is still fighting for food. The hypothesis that explains this phenomenon is that the aggressive problem is due to the lack of social training guided by parents at the newborn stage.", "hypothesis": "Chimpanzees who grew up in the socialized training environment of their parents were much less aggressive in mating conflicts than chimpanzees who did not grow up in this environment would most strongly strengthen the above argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6378, "premise": "In order to solve a series of global problems such as food security and energy shortage, the scientific community is stepping up its research on projects such as genetically modified food and clean new energy, with a view to leading people out of the food and energy crisis. From this we can see that the development of science no longer strictly follows this conventional route: scientific problems no longer originate from simple, pictorial scientific curiosity. Science in the routine era is coming.", "hypothesis": "Science in the routine era in this passage means scientific research emerging to meet industry needs.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13504, "premise": "John of Worcester, an English monk, recorded the sighting, on December 8, 1128, of two unusually large sunspots. Five days later a brilliant aurora borealis (northern lights) was observed in southern Korea. Sunspot activity is typically followed by the appearance of an aurora borealis, after a span of time that averages five days. Thus, the Korean sighting helps to confirm John of Worcester' s sighting.", "hypothesis": "Only heavy sunspot activity could have resulted in an aurora borealis viewable at a latitude as low as that of Korea most strengthens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10205, "premise": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H and I along the eastern coast of a country, which are arranged in a straight line from north to south. At the same time, it is found that: (1) F is adjacent to H and to the north of H. (2) I and E are adjacent. (3) G is somewhere to the north of F.", "hypothesis": "The possible order of the group of islands is 5 if G is found to be the northernmost island.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7123, "premise": "The harmful behavior of omission refers to the negative behavior, that is, the actor does not perform or actively perform his legal obligations, resulting in the consequences of endangering the society.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, abandoning the baby at the railway station after giving birth, causing him to be seriously frozen is a harmful behavior of omission.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5132, "premise": "Administrative counterpart refers to a citizen, a legal person or other organization in a managed position in administrative management.", "hypothesis": "A company is an administrative counterpart when it applies to the municipal government for administrative reconsideration is correct according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12536, "premise": "To qualify as a medical specialist, one must usually graduate from a university, then complete approximately four years of medical school, followed by a residency of two to six years in one' s specialty. Finally, a physician who desires to become a recognized specialist must complete an evaluation program directed by a medical specialty board. Ttherefore, anyone who has qualified as a recognized medical specialist is competent to practice in his or her specialty.", "hypothesis": "No one incompetent to practice a particular specialty completes the evaluation program for that specialty is an assumption on which the argument depends.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13393, "premise": "It is not known whether bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a disease of cattle invariably deadly to them, can be transmitted directly from one infected animal to another at all stages of the infection. If it can be, there is now a reservoir of infected cattle incubating the disease. There are no diagnostic tests to identify infected animals before the animals show overt symptoms. Ttherefore, if such direct transmission occurs, the disease cannot be eradicated by __.", "hypothesis": "Removing from the herd and destroying any diseased animal as soon as it shows the typical symptoms of advanced BSE best completes the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6129, "premise": "According to reports, female viewers accounted for nearly 2/3 of the core audience of parent-child programs on a certain satellite TV. You can imagine a scene like this: at night, a young mother takes her young children alone, watching Dad with Children on TV at home. And the young dad may still be working overtime, socializing, or just staying in the bedroom to play games and play the computer-their children still continue the story of not being accompanied by their father. In fact, this phenomenon also happens to the mother. In many modern families, the responsibility of raising children is mainly transferred to the older generation of elderly people.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Absence of the main body of parent-child education in real life' is meant to emphasize.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7455, "premise": "Chemical regulation means that the way to solve the problem is not direct, but to transform the problem into a problem to be solved or a problem that is easy to solve, and then go back to get the answer to the original problem.", "hypothesis": "Xiao Li and Xiao Jiang have different methods to solve the same kind of problems. Xiao Li first studies the special situation and finally solves the general problem, while Xiao Jiang first solves the general problem and then studies the special situation does not belong to reduction.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9506, "premise": "In the face of a major epidemic, timely release of authoritative information and open and transparent response to public concerns can effectively solve the problem of information asymmetry, reduce the space for the spread of false information such as rumors, and better maintain social stability. For some time, relevant departments and relevant institutions have released data on confirmed, suspected, cured and dead people in a timely manner. Some Internet enterprises have used big data, cloud computing and visualization technology to launch products such as Real-time epidemic situation dynamic, Co-ride patient query system and Fever Clinic Map, which simultaneously popularize scientific protection knowledge, effectively meet the information needs of the public, and guide the masses to look at the epidemic rationally. Enhance self-prevention awareness and protection ability.", "hypothesis": "The content that this text is meant to emphasize is Enhance the ability of self-protection by means of technology.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14303, "premise": "Until recently, anthropologists generally agreed that higher primates originated about 30 million years ago in the Al Fayyum region of Egypt. However, a 40-million-year-old fossilized fragment of a lower jawbone discovered in Burma (now called Myanmar) in 1978 was used to support the theory that the earliest higher primates originated in Burma. However, the claim is premature, for __.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'higher primates cannot be identified solely by their lower jawbones' is the most logical completion of the paragraph above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13533, "premise": "A study followed a group of teenagers who had never smoked and tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. After one year, the incidence of depression among those who had taken up smoking was four times as high as it was among those who had not. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.", "hypothesis": "Participants who were depressed at the start of the study were no more likely to be smokers after one year than those who were not depressed most strengthens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7901, "premise": "Internet public welfare refers to the public welfare activities that non-governmental organizations or enterprises mobilize public participation through the network platform, which have the characteristics of low threshold, high transparency, strong interaction and so on.", "hypothesis": "Every year, a company allocates special funds for public welfare activities and recruits cataract patients on the official website and provides all medical expenses to patients who meet specific conditions belongs to the Internet public welfare.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7120, "premise": "The right to know means that a citizen has the right to know what he should know. The state shall limit to the maximum extent the recognition and protection of citizens' right to know and access information,especially government affairs information.", "hypothesis": "South Korea's SBS television broadcast the rehearsal process for the 28th Olympic Games in advance does not belong to the scope of the right to know according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10671, "premise": "Editorial: Supporters of the proposed law that would require bicyclists to wear helmets are seriously misguided. The number of pedestrians who die yearly as a result of accidents involving automobiles is five times the number of deaths resulting from bicycle accidents, and drunken driving exacts a much higher toll than both combined. Yet there are no calls for a ban on alcohol or walking down the street.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'It is foolish to require lab workers to wear safety goggles when working with acids and other dangerous liquids. No one suggests that people stop eating or socializing, even though more people become ill due to food poisoning and contagious diseases than are injured in laboratory accidents' exhibits a pattern of flawed reasoning most similar to that in the argument above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3518, "premise": "Only when the purchase price of a flower shop is lower than the normal price, it can make profits by selling flowers at a price below the market. Unless the florist sells a lot of flowers, it is not possible to buy flowers from the florist at a lower price than normal. In order to sell large numbers of products, the florist needs to satisfy consumers' personal interests or have exclusive rights to sell certain kinds of products.", "hypothesis": "If the florist makes a profit by selling flowers below market price, the purchase price must be below normal price is true if the above assertion is true.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12939, "premise": "By examining the fossilized leaves of any prehistoric plant it is possible to determine the climate in which that specimen grew because the size and shape of a leaf are unique to a given climate. Since the climate at a given location depends on the altitude at that location, it follows that the size and shape of a fossilized leaf also indicates the altitude at which the plant grew.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the argument is vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it overlooks the possibility that locations at different altitudes can have the same climate.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11151, "premise": "If there are any inspired performances in the concert, the audience will be treated to a good show. But there will not be a good show unless there are sophisticated listeners in the audience, and to be a sophisticated listener one must understand one' s musical roots.", "hypothesis": "If there are sophisticated listeners in the audience, then there will be inspired musical performances in the concert.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5104, "premise": "Limonene, commonly known as lemon essential oil, is usually used to make citrus flavors. It is one of the chemical constituents that are used in many fragrances such as air fresheners, body sprays, etc. Limonene is not terrible in itself, because it does not cause great harm to human body. In fact, it can be used as seasoning agent for food. However, once it is sprayed into the air, limonene will soon change. When limonene is exposed to ozone, which generally exists in the air, two limonene molecules will form a single molecule compound methanol. When a large number of limonene in the room is converted into methanol, its effects will be very different.", "hypothesis": "Using air fresheners may do harm to ourselves can be introduced.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2702, "premise": "With regard to all kinds of criticisms, leading cadres should adopt the attitude of correcting the shortcomings and mistakes pointed out by others, and if they do not, they should encourage themselves so that they will not make the same mistakes in the future. Create an atmosphere in which people who give advice are innocent as long as they are well-intentioned, even if the proposal is not correct. Even if the person who listens to the opinion does not have the shortcomings and mistakes mentioned by the other party, he can warn himself with what he has heard. Only in this way can people tell everything they know and talk endlessly. Only by following the flow of advice and supporting those who tell the truth can leading cadres make scientific decisions or make scientific decisions; only when they are willing and good at listening to different opinions can they create a political ecology with a clear spirit.", "hypothesis": "If leading cadres fail to heed the flow of advice, they will not be able to make scientific decisions can be inferred based on the above information.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14311, "premise": "Biologist: We know the following things about plant X. Specimens with fuzzy seeds always have long stems but never have white flowers. Specimens with curled leaves always have white flowers, and specimens with thorny seedpods always have curled leaves. A specimen of plant X in my garden has a long stem and curled leaves.", "hypothesis": "From the biologist's statements, it can be properly inferred that the specimen of plant X in the biologist's garden lacks both white flowers and fuzzy seeds.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8097, "premise": "Pursuit what the people like, forsake what the people hate. Green mountains are beautiful, and blue skies are happiness too. Developing the economy is for people's wellbeing, so is protecting the ecological environment. We should not only create more material and spiritual wealth to meet people's ever-growing needs for a better life, but also provide more high-quality ecological products to meet people's ever-growing needs for a beautiful environment. We should continue to ensure that ecology benefits and benefits the people, focus on solving prominent environmental problems that harm people's health, speed up efforts to improve the quality of the environment, provide more quality ecological products, strive to achieve social equity and justice, and constantly meet people's growing needs for a beautiful environment.", "hypothesis": "A sound ecological environment being the well-being of people's livelihood is a literal meaning.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6391, "premise": "El nino is the transliteration of Spain, this is South America's Pacific coast fishermen to the end of each year water temperature rise in seasonal phenomenon, because of the weather phenomenon appeared often around Christmas time, just got this name, but now scientists are said: only those warming severe year known as el nino, because only warms up sharp Causing huge ecological changes and a series of disasters around the world.", "hypothesis": "According to the above information about El Nino, the statement \"This phenomenon occurs every year\" is not true.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12775, "premise": "Newspaper editors should not allow reporters to write the headlines for their own stories. The reason for this is that, while the headlines that reporters themselves write are often clever, what typically makes them clever is that they allude to little-known information that is familiar to the reporter but that never appears explicitly in the story itself.", "hypothesis": "The kind of headlines that newspaper editors want are those that anyone who has read a reporter's story in its entirety will recognize as clever", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1132, "premise": "When you think of society as a complex system, pay attention to the dynamic coordination of multiple factors to better promote social harmony. If you encounter problems, start from the concept, make simple qualitative and judgment, and strive for consistency Either one or the other. This kind of simplification, one-sidedness, and extremeness of thinking is incompatible with the harmonious society.", "hypothesis": "The main point of this passage is that building a harmonious society requires systematic thinking.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1999, "premise": "The similarity between modern chemistry and alchemy (alchemy) is to create new things at the molecular level, but it is actually the task of nuclear physicists to create new elements. They use some cyclotron accelerators to blast out new elements and fill them into the periodic table as the winning fruit of chemists. Classical alchemy actually had the idea of elements and atoms, but it did not have rational thinking. For example, the Europeans in the Middle Ages believed that light, heavy, dry and wet were the basic physical properties, dry but light was fire and dry and heavy was soil. What is wet and light is gas and what is wet and heavy is water. Therefore, any substance is the result of different proportions of the four basic elements: water, fire, earth, and air, which is obviously different from the current concept of the world. At the same time, the understanding of the nature of matter in other civilizations is also between mystery and reason.", "hypothesis": "The starting point of rational thinking in modern chemistry is most likely to be discussed next.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2182, "premise": "The lack of legal aid makes it difficult for the legislative and judicial progress in the protection of criminal human rights to benefit all or even most of the criminal suspects and defendants, resulting in a binary imbalance. Because lawyers can make use of the advantages of resources such as legal knowledge and litigation experience to guide the handling of cases in a direction that is beneficial to their clients, the acceptance rate of their defense opinions such as voluntary surrender and meritorious service is relatively high, so criminal suspects with defense lawyers, defendants are more qualified and likely to enjoy the institutional dividend brought about by the progress of the rule of law than those without defense lawyers. Get more opportunities for leniency and even acquittal.", "hypothesis": "The intended explanation of this passage is that it is difficult for legal aid to benefit most criminal suspects and defendants.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14602, "premise": "Studies have shown that treating certain illnesses with treatment X produces the same beneficial changes in patients' conditions as treating the same illnesses with treatment Y. Furthermore, treatment X is quicker and less expensive than treatment Y. Thus, in treating these illnesses, treatment X should be preferred to treatment Y.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Unlike treatment Y, treatment X has produced harmful side effects in laboratory animals' would most weaken the argument above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11479, "premise": "Radioactive waste from nuclear power plants has been temporarily stored on-site, but this is not a satisfactory kind of place for long-range storage. Since no suitable plan of safe permanent storage of such waste from the nation' s existing and planned nuclear plants has been devised, some people propose that we should stop trying to develop such a plan and instead should shut down all present nuclear plants and build no new nuclear plants.", "hypothesis": "The proposal mentioned above falls short of offering a complete solution to the problem it addresses because it does not provide for the permanent storage of already-existing waste.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13173, "premise": "A government ought to protect and encourage free speech, because free speech is an activity that is conducive to a healthy nation and thus is in the best interest of its people.", "hypothesis": "An activity that is in the best interest of the people ought to be protected and encouraged by a nation's government is an assumption required for the main conclusion above to follow logically.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2133, "premise": "At present, people obtain electricity by building dams on rivers and building hydropower stations, but there are few places on the earth suitable for dams, and dams will also destroy the ecological environment. In contrast, the surface of the earth covered by the ocean. The waves on the sea are rolling, Day and night, there is a huge amount of energy, the collection of wave energy is suitable for a wide sea area, and the ecological environment is less damaged. Therefore, collecting wave energy for power generation will have more advantages than building a dam on a river.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Whether it is to build a tower on the seabed to support power generation, or to fix the generator on the seabed, it will cost a lot of money, and the cost is much more expensive than a river power station' if true, makes it impossible to question the above point of view.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10991, "premise": "Studies reveal that most people select the foods they eat primarily on the basis of flavor, and that nutrition is usually a secondary concern at best. This suggests that health experts would have more success in encouraging people to eat wholesome foods if they emphasized how flavorful those foods truly are rather than how nutritious they are.", "hypothesis": "In a study, subjects who were told that a given food was very flavorful were more willing to try the food and more likely to enjoy it than were subjects who were told that the food was nutritious, most strengthens the argument above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1317, "premise": "Consolidating computational thinking is an important goal of each education stage. Only in this way can students' ability develop upward on the basis of the previous level. Computational thinking is helpful to solve problems in any field. For example, decompose a large problem into several small problems, and design the feasible path of small experiments through reasoning. Using these strategies in different environments can make students understand that computational thinking is far more useful than computers.", "hypothesis": "Cultivating computational thinking is an important content of education is accurate with regard to the above words.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7644, "premise": "Natural elimination breeding method means to reduce the interference and determine the breeding method of improved variety through natural growth of the selected variety.", "hypothesis": "In order to breed disease-resistant species, turtle farms, in the case of near-death turtles, do not apply any drugs and let their development, the survival of the last as a seed fish is a natural elimination breeding method.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2265, "premise": "No reform can succeed without the support and participation of the people. Only when the will of the people is fully respected and broad consensus is reached can the people actively support and participate in reform. We must uphold the principal position of the people, give full play to their initiative, and rely closely on them to push forward reform and opening up.", "hypothesis": "If the will of the people is not fully respected, the people will not actively support reform can be concluded based on the above statement.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12108, "premise": "Red admiral butterflies fly in a highly irregular fashion, constantly varying their speed, wing strokes, and flight path. While predators avoid poisonous butterfly species, nonpoisonous butterflies like the red admiral need to elude predators to survive. Scientists ttherefore hypothesize that the red admiral' s flight style, which is clearly not energy efficient, evolved as a means of avoiding predators.", "hypothesis": " It is much more energy efficient for butterflies to fly in an irregular fashion than it is for heavier varieties of insects most strengthens the support for the scientists' hypothesis.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8738, "premise": "The national academic conference held by a certain society received nearly a thousand conference papers each time. In order to ensure the quality of the conference exchange papers, the academic conference organizing committee decided to select only 10% of the conference papers as conference exchange papers.", "hypothesis": "In every submitted conference paper, there is always a certain proportion of the paper quality is guaranteed is most likely to be based on the decision of the organizing committee of the academic conference.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7339, "premise": "Extended products refer to the sum of various benefits that customers receive when purchasing products.", "hypothesis": "A shopping mall's New Year's offer is that the top 100 customers can buy a new mobile phone for only 100 yuan are extended products.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2706, "premise": "Candidates who pass the examination and pass the physical examination will be admitted. Therefore, if Li Ming passes the exam but is not admitted, he must fail the physical examination.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'If tomorrow is a holiday and the weather is fine, Xiao Wu will climb the mountain. Therefore, if Xiao Wu did not climb the mountain, then the next day must not be a holiday or bad weather' is most similar to the above argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10864, "premise": "Complaints that milk bottlers take enormous markups on the bottled milk sold to consumers are most likely to arise when least warranted by the actual spread between the price that bottlers pay for raw milk and the price at which they sell bottled milk. The complaints occur when the bottled-milk price rises, yet these price increases most often merely reflect the rising price of the raw milk that bottlers buy from dairy farmers. When the raw-milk price is rising, the bottlers' markups are actually smallest proportionate to the retail price. When the raw-milk price is falling, however, the markups are greatest.", "hypothesis": "If all of the statements above are true, then Consumers pay more for bottled milk when raw-milk prices are falling than when these prices are rising must also be true on the basis of them.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5463, "premise": "Feedforward control means to eliminate the possible deviation in the bud by observing the situation, sorting out the information, mastering the law, predicting the trend, correctly predicting the possible problems in the future, and taking measures in advance.", "hypothesis": "A factory adjusted its production mode because of the rising prices of raw materials, fuels and other materials belongs to feedforward control according to the above definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5068, "premise": "A girl wanted to learn embroidery as a craft to make a living, but she couldn't afford to buy needles and fabrics, and there was no teacher to worship. She spent ten years embroidering for others for free. With the embroidery materials provided by others, she trained excellent embroidery skills, made a reputation, and accumulated a large number of patterns. Ten years later, she embroidered for people at a price higher than the market, and there are still many customers. Some scholars put forward the concept of embroidery, That is, at the beginning of one's career, one can rely on other people's resources, obligation or work for resource providers at a price lower than the market, so as to complete the accumulation of one's own skills, relationships, funds and other resources and obtain the success of career development.", "hypothesis": "Xiao Qi has been engaged in many professions such as engineers and teachers. When he was a graduate student, he studied management engineering, personnel management and other courses. Human resource management integrates all the knowledge he learned in the past. He has achieved great success in this field after graduation is in line with the embroidery theory.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1024, "premise": "The extended product refers to the sum of all kinds of benefits obtained by customers when they purchase the product, including product specification, warranty, installation, maintenance, delivery, technical training, etc.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, a car dealer trying to attract customers by promising a three-year warranty on all cars sold in his shop is the extended product.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3320, "premise": "A change is a big change or shift in time or space, a change or replacement, that is completely different from what happened before.", "hypothesis": "Xiao Shen visits huangshan once a year, and each time he goes, he makes different discoveries is consistent with the definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 43, "premise": "Knowledge management: build a quantitative and qualitative knowledge system in the organization, so that the information and knowledge in the organization can be continuously fed back into the knowledge system through the process of obtaining, creating, sharing, integrating, recording, accessing, updating or innovating, forming an uninterrupted accumulation of personal and organizational knowledge, becoming a cycle of organizational intelligence and intelligent capital for management and application in the enterprise organization, which helps enterprises make correct decisions to respond to market changes. It is a process of creating, acquiring and using knowledge in order to enhance the performance of an organization.", "hypothesis": "Smnrtall implemented layoffs throughout the company based on last year's annual report figures is not knowledge management according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 395, "premise": "Subjective lens refers to taking the camera lens as the actor's eyes and directly witnessing the scene seen by the actor in film and television activities.", "hypothesis": "The TV series Outlaws of the marsh gives Lin Chong a close-up shot as soon as he appeared, highlighting his appearance characteristics is a subjective lens according to the above definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 869, "premise": "In interpersonal communication, people always find that people who do good deeds are always easy to suffer losses, and even suffer disasters, while bad people often take advantage, so that they get prosperous. So gradually people stop doing good deeds and act on their own private interests as the only standard. Some philosophers concluded that this standard is the natural law of human life.", "hypothesis": "Those who smuggle the hook will be killed, and those who usurp the power will become ministers is most irrelevant to the above conclusion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12394, "premise": "Mall owner: Our mall' s occupancy rate is so low that we are barely making a profit. We cannot raise rents because of an unacceptably high risk of losing established tenants. On the other hand, a mall that is fully occupied costs about as much to run as one in which a rental space here and a rental space there stands empty. Clearly, ttherefore, to increase profits we must sign up new tenants.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'None of the mall's established tenants is likely to need additional floor space there in the foreseeable future' most seriously weakens the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12586, "premise": "Columnist: Almost anyone can be an expert, for there are no official guidelines determining what an expert must know. Anybody who manages to convince some people of his or her qualifications in an area -- whatever those may be -- is an expert.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Almost anyone can convince some people of his or her qualifications in some area' is assumed in order for the columnist's conclusion to follow logically.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2318, "premise": "When treating dental caries, dentists must first remove the carious part of the tooth, and then fill the material to repair the defective tooth. However, 10% to 15% of the fillings will fail, and the fillings used do not have the ability to make the teeth self-heal Functions and even side effects. In view of this, researchers have developed a filler made of synthetic biological materials that can stimulate the growth of stem cells in the dental pulp and repair damaged parts. This filler can stimulate the proliferation of stem cells , And differentiate into dentin. If the fillings of the future fillings are made of such regenerated materials, it will reduce the failure rate of the fillings and reduce the pain of the dental pulp of patients with tooth decay.", "hypothesis": "Newly developed dental fillings can promote the growth of dentin can be inferred.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12005, "premise": "Electric washing machines, first introduced in the United States in 1925, significantly reduced the amount of time spent washing a given amount of clothes, yet the average amount of time households spent washing clothes increased after 1925. This increase is partially accounted for by the fact that many urban households had previously sent their clothes to professional laundries. But the average amount of time spent washing clothes also increased for rural households with no access to professional laundries.", "hypothesis": "People with access to an electric washing machine typically wore their clothes many fewer times before washing them than did people without access to electric washing machines, if true, most helps to explain why the time spent washing clothes increased in rural areas.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14029, "premise": "Political theorist: Many people believe that the punishment of those who commit even the most heinous crimes should be mitigated to some extent if the crime was motivated by a sincere desire to achieve some larger good. Granted, some criminals with admirable motives deserve mitigated punishments. Nonetheless, judges should never mitigate punishment on the basis of motives, since motives are essentially a matter of conjecture and even vicious motives can easily be presented as altruistic.", "hypothesis": "The principle 'A legal system that, if adopted, would have disastrous consequences ought not be adopted' most helps to justify the political theorist's reasoning.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10717, "premise": "Lourdes: Dietary fiber is an important part of a healthful diet. Experts recommend that adults consume 20 to 35 grams of fiber a day. Kyra: But a daily intake of fiber that is significantly above that recommended level interferes with mineral absorption, especially the absorption of calcium. The public should be told to cut back on fiber intake.", "hypothesis": "The more a food is processed, the more the fiber is broken down and the lower the fiber content most undermines Kyra's recommendation.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13739, "premise": "Goodbody, Inc. , is in the process of finding tenants for its newly completed Parrot Quay commercial development, which will make available hundreds of thousands of square feet of new office space on what was formerly derelict property outside the financial center of the city. Surprisingly enough, the coming recession, though it will hurt most of the city' s businesses, should help Goodbody to find tenants.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Many of Goodbody's other properties are in the financial center and will become vacant if the recession is severe enough to force Goodbody's tenants out of business' does most to help resolve the apparent paradox.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5464, "premise": "Network neutrality means that within the scope permitted by law, all Internet users can access network content, operate applications, access equipment and select service providers according to their own choices. This principle requires network operators to treat all Internet content and access equally, prevent them from controlling the priority of transmission data from commercial interests and ensure the neutrality of network data transmission.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, the statement that 'A mailbox has a contract with the network operator, so it is faster to use the mailbox when the network is crowded' violates the principle of network neutrality.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10480, "premise": "Wildlife conservation organizations: if there is no trade, there will be no killing; without killing, man and nature can live in harmony.", "hypothesis": "As long as there is killing, there must be trade is true if the above statement is true.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5925, "premise": "Generally, bacteria grow and multiply at room temperature, and the low temperature environment stops growing and can only maintain life. But Yersinia is just the opposite. Not only is it not afraid of low temperature and cold, but it only multiplies at about 0 degree. Food stored in the refrigerator, Make Yersinia in its best growth state.", "hypothesis": "The environment for the growth of general bacteria is also suitable for the growth of Yersinia can be derived from this.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11033, "premise": "When doctors vaccinate a patient, their intention is to expose him or her to a weakened form of a disease-causing pathogen and thus to make the patient better able to resist the pathogen and less likely to develop a severe form of that disease later.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Some parents read their children fairy tales containing allegorical treatments of treachery and cruelty, with the intention of making them less emotionally vulnerable to these phenomena when they encounter them later in life' best illustrates the principle that the passage illustrates.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5557, "premise": "Smith: Under the International Rare Animal Protection Regulations, hybrid animals are not protected under the Regulations.Red wolves are among the subjects protected by the International Regulations on the Protection of Rare Animals. The latest genetic research techniques have found that red wolves, long considered purebred species, are actually re-acquired by hybridization of mountain dogs and grey wolves.Since red wolves clearly need protection, the regulation should be amended. Make it protect hybrid animals. Zhang Dazhong: Your point of view cannot be established.Because if the red wolf is indeed a hybrid of mountain dogs and gray wolves, then in fact, the red wolf is now extinct, can still be re-acquired through the hybridization of mountain dogs and gray wolves.", "hypothesis": "All existing hybrids are the offspring of hybrids of existing purebreds is most likely to be Zhang's rebuttal hypothesis.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 998, "premise": "The production of infant formula in China there are more than 130 enterprises, and only four companies in the United States, compared to the United States for the number of infant formula milk powder is much higher than our country. imagine, if there are only four production formula, the enterprise will cherish their own brand value, continue to strengthen food safety consciousness, any possible food safety risk is the enterprise itself, It would be unthinkable to occur a problem with melamine. ", "hypothesis": "A company is a famous dairy production enterprise in China, its brand value is very high, but it was found in its milk products weakens the above view.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6966, "premise": "Needless to say, bringing economic development into the plan is conducive to maintaining socialist public ownership, preventing the imbalance of economic development, and avoiding periodic economic crises and the resulting waste. However, a perfect economic operation system depends on perfect people to ensure its perfection. For China, a large country with a population of 1.3 billion, these perfect people who make and implement economic plans must have absolutely superhuman wisdom and absolutely noble moral character, like the gods and saints that people worship.", "hypothesis": "The main argument supported in this paragraph is 'Do not approve of bringing the economy fully into the planned track.'", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2833, "premise": "In order to reduce traffic congestion, a city has taken measures such as the lower limit: On weekdays from Monday to Friday, non-commercial vehicles are restricted to one day in five groups according to their tail numbers 0, 5, 1, 6, 2, 7, 3, 8, 4 and 9, and not limited to weekends and legal holidays. Those who break the rules will be fined.", "hypothesis": "Zhang SAN and his neighbor have a total of three private cars, with different tail numbers. They cooperate and have two cars to drive every day may not violate the traffic restrictions.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12254, "premise": "High levels of fertilizer and pesticides, needed when farmers try to produce high yields of the same crop year after year, pollute water supplies. Experts ttherefore urge farmers to diversify their crops and to rotate their plantings yearly. To receive governmental price-support benefits for a crop, farmers must have produced that same crop for the past several years.", "hypothesis": "The statements above, if true, best support the conclusion that governmental price supports for farm products are set at levels that are not high enough to allow farmers to get out of debt.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8355, "premise": "Text is the soul of calligraphy. The bookish style and artistic style of calligraphy are closely related to the humanistic spirit behind the text. Calligraphy with the absence of text is incomplete calligraphy. As for the judgment of the value of calligraphy, although it has been adjusted to a certain extent in traditional culture and modern culture, the culture of calligraphy has not been shaken at all. The art of calligraphy has always assumed the function of carrying Tao. The calligraphy classics represented by the Preface to the Collection of Orchid Pavilion and manuscripts for nephews are the products of pen and ink and rhetoric, which contain national feelings, national character and humanistic spirit, and embody the calligrapher's cultural accomplishment and artistic accomplishment.", "hypothesis": "The option 'The level of art of calligraphy depends on the literary level of the calligrapher' does not match the meaning of the above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3495, "premise": "Intellectual Property: It is a general term for economic and spiritual rights based on the fruits of creative intellectual labor produced by people in the fields of science, technology, culture and art.", "hypothesis": "Trademark rights is not intellectual property rights.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10681, "premise": "Tabloid magazines that report alien landings and celebrity sightings may be considered plebeian, but the public evidently prefers them to weekly newsmagazines that report more conventional news. A comparison of newsstand revenues shows far higher sales volumes for tabloids than for weekly newsmagazines.", "hypothesis": "The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it fails to consider whether more newsmagazines than tabloid magazines are sold by subscription.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7421, "premise": "Some philosophers have pointed out that life should in fact pursue two simple, material is the simplicity of life and interpersonal relationships. With these two simple hearts, it has a vast space and beautiful quiet. But most modern people are very complex in these two aspects, material life is the endless pursuit of wealth. Interpersonal relationships are an endless entanglement of interests, and they take up almost all the space in life. With these two kinds of complexity, it has produced the trouble of modern people.", "hypothesis": "According to the philosopher above, if it were simple in both material life and interpersonal relationships, most of the troubles of modern people would not arise.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13095, "premise": "After the Second World War, the charter of the newly formed United Nations established an eleven-member Security Council and charged it with taking collective action in response to threats to world peace. The charter further provided that the five nations that were then the major powers would permanently have sole authority to cast vetoes. The reason given for this arrangement was that the burden of maintaining world peace would rest on the world' s major powers, and no nation should be required to assume the burden of enforcing a decision it found repugnant.", "hypothesis": "The reason given for the structure of the Security Council assumes that no nation that was not among the major powers at the end of the Second World War would become a major power.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2912, "premise": "Kong Zhi, Meng Rui, Xun Hui, Zhuang Cong, Mo Ling, and Han Min formed a team to participate in a chess competition. Two of them participated in the Go game, two in the Chinese chess game, and two others, chess game. Regarding their specific participation in the competition, the following conditions must be met: (1) Each player can only participate in one competition; (2) Kong Zhi participates in the Go game, and Zhuang Cong and Meng Rui both participate in the Chinese chess game; (3) If Han Min does not participate in the chess competition, then Mo Ling will participate in the Chinese chess competition; (4) If Xun Hui participates in the Chinese chess competition, then Zhuang Cong will not participate in the Chinese chess competition; (5) At least one of Xun Hui and Mo Ling will not participate in the Chinese chess competition .", "hypothesis": "If Xun Hui participates in a Chinese chess competition, Mo Ling participates in a chess competition can be derived.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6488, "premise": "While studying Williams syndrome, experts accidentally found that people with musical and mathematical talents are actually caused by genetic disorders or deletions and the same genetic disorder can also lead to psychosis such as schizophrenia. Most children born with Williams syndrome have 20 genes misaligned with chromosome 7. This happens to one out of every 20,000 people in the world.", "hypothesis": "The option \"Genetic disorder and genius\" is most likely to be highlighted by the author next.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10663, "premise": "A science class stored one selection of various fruits at 30 degrees Celsius, a similar selection in similar conditions at 20 degrees, and another similar selection in similar conditions at 10 degrees. Because the fruits stored at 20 degrees stayed fresh longer than those stored at 30 degrees, and those stored at 10 degrees stayed fresh longest, the class concluded that the cooler the temperature at which these varieties of fruits are stored, the longer they will stay fresh.", "hypothesis": "The class assumed without proof that its thermometer was reliable, and therefore their reasoning is flawed.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3842, "premise": "Xiao Wang: Judging from the huge cost of hosting the Olympic Games, the price of tickets should be much higher. It is the advertising revenue of the Olympic games organizers that has lowered ticket prices. Therefore, the Olympic Games live audience from the Olympic games pull the advertisement to obtain the economic benefit. Xiao Li: your statement doesn't hold water. Who will pay for the advertising that seems to be driving down the price of Olympic tickets? Aren't consumers, after all, including those who are in the audience at the Olympics? Because manufacturers by raising the price of goods to spread advertising costs to consumers.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The use of world-wide sports competition advertising more and more manufacturers, advertising costs are also increasing' could powerfully weaken Xiao Li's rebuttal to Xiao Wang.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11544, "premise": "Criticism that the press ignores positive stories and focuses solely on salacious stories neglects to consider that the press must make a profit to survive. Because of the need to make a profit, the press must focus on stories that will draw an audience. The only alternative to a profit-driven press is a government-supported press. A government-supported press would have pressure to curtail any critique of the government, thereby limiting the power of the press.", "hypothesis": "The power of the press comes from its ability to critique the government can properly be inferred from the passage.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10881, "premise": "The folktale that claims that a rattlesnake' s age can be determined from the number of sections in its rattle is false, but only because the rattles are brittle and sometimes partially or completely break off. So if they were not so brittle, one could reliably determine a rattlesnake' s age simply from the number of sections in its rattle, because one new section is formed each time a rattlesnake molts.", "hypothesis": "Rattlesnakes molt as often when food is scarce as they do when food is plentiful is an assumption the argument requires in order for its conclusion to be properly drawn.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14057, "premise": "James: Many people claim that the voting public is unable to evaluate complex campaign issues. The television commercials for Reade in the national campaign, however, discuss complex campaign issues, and Reade is, at present, more popular than any other candidate. Maria: Yes, Reade is the most popular. However, you are incorrect in claiming that this is because of Reade' s discussion of complex campaign issues. Reade simply strikes the voters as the most competent and trustworthy candidate.", "hypothesis": "Polling data show that Reade's present popularity will probably diminish over time most supports Maria's counter to James.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1692, "premise": "Modern scientific and technological achievements have created advanced medicine, extended human life and reduced newborn infant mortality. Coupled with the long period of peace after World War II, some countries adopted family planning policies very late, which has resulted in a stable reproductive era for mankind. The world's population is growing rapidly and is expected to reach 6.4 billion by the end of the current world Economy.", "hypothesis": "The main argument supported is that the growth of the world's population increases geometrically.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3664, "premise": "China's available geothermal energy reserves exceed the combined energy reserves of all fossil fuels in the country, and the technology of converting geothermal into electricity in some areas has become a reality. China's possible energy shortage in the next century will be completely solved.", "hypothesis": "At some point in the next century, the reality of geothermal exhaustion will force China to rely more on imported energy can most weaken the author's above point of view.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1517, "premise": "Under the current compulsory education investment system, the county finance can barely afford teachers' wages, and the central and provincial finance can subsidize some teachers' wages and school construction funds, but all the remaining gaps are left to the school itself. Some rural primary and secondary school principals reflect that compulsory education has now become the obligation of the school.", "hypothesis": "Compulsory education is the responsibility of schools means that it has now become a school obligation.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10297, "premise": "The pollution problem caused by garbage exudates is most serious in countries with an annual per capita output of between $4000 and $5000, while it is less serious in relatively poor or rich countries. In the initial stage of industrial development, the pollution problem is relatively serious. When industrial development can create enough means to deal with such problems, the pollution problem will be reduced. At present, the per capita output value of country X is US $5000 per year, and the pollution caused by garbage exudates in country X will gradually decrease in the next few years.", "hypothesis": "The hypothesis on which the above argument depends is 'In the next few years, the industrialization process of country X will be affected by the problem of pollution control.'", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13945, "premise": "The school principal insisted that student failures are caused by bad teaching. In a relatively short time failing grades disappeared from the school. The principal happily recognized this as evidence that the teaching had improved at the school.", "hypothesis": "The flawed pattern of reasoning in the above is most similar to that in which the manager insisted that the workers who filed complaints did not have enough to do. Soon there were no more complaints filed. The manager was pleased to conclude that the workers were now productively filling their time.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9995, "premise": "It is wrong to say that foods with high content of refined sugar will not cause acquired diabetes, because foods with high content of refined sugar will lead to obesity, so obesity is an important cause of acquired diabetes.", "hypothesis": "The statement \"It is wrong to say that inferior gasoline will not cause abnormal fuel consumption. Because inferior gasoline will cause very normal aging of engine valves, while abnormal aging of engine valves will cause abnormal fuel consumption\" is most similar to the above argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8259, "premise": "The principle of proportionality means that administrative organs should take into account the realization of administrative objectives and the choice of appropriate means to ensure the balance between public interests and the rights and interests of the counterparty. if the realization of administrative objectives may have some adverse impact on the rights and interests of the opposite party, this adverse impact should be limited to the smallest possible scope and limits, and the two should be kept in an appropriate proportion.", "hypothesis": "The act of the planning bureau requiring a company to demolish an illegally added 12th floor on a nine-story commercial building is most in line with the principle of proportionality according to the above definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6937, "premise": "Compared with genes, man-made components (artifacts) have a more powerful intervention in human evolution. From the controlled use of fire to the invention of stirrups and even supercomputers, from rough utensils to artistic creations, from primitive worship to nirvana? The recognition of the realm, from the gathering and hunting of food to the exploration of the fate of the universe. Cultural components change people's behavior and thinking, and even change the natural track of human genetic inheritance.", "hypothesis": "The influence of man-made components on human evolution conforms to the context.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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