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{"id": 1133, "premise": "As a developing country, independent innovation is not self-innovation, more non-closed innovation, and cannot exclude technology introduction, but technological innovation capabilities cannot be directly obtained through introduction, and key technologies cannot be bought. Japan and South Korea introduce technology and digest and absorb. The ratio of expenses is 1:5 and 1:8 respectively, while the ratio in our country is 1:0.15.", "hypothesis": " The main problem of my country's technology introduction is insufficient digestion, absorption and re-innovation of imported technologies.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3796, "premise": "Thinking: refers to the human brain's reflection of objective and indirect generalizations. Thinking can be divided into (1) action thinking, which refers to the thinking supported by actual actions in the thinking process according to the object or the state of thinking in the thinking process. Its characteristic is that the task is intuitive, given in a concrete form, and the solution is actual action; (2) Thinking in images refers to the process of analyzing, synthesizing, abstracting, and summarizing appearances. It is characterized by vivid , vivid and objective Image; (3) Abstract thinking refers to the process of using concepts, judgments, reasoning and other forms to reflect the law of movement of objective things, and to recognize the essential characteristics and internal connections of things.", "hypothesis": "From an early age, Hong's son was required to watch his father practice kung fu every day. Gradually, he could follow his father's lead meets the definition of action thinking.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13787, "premise": "Physician: The patient is suffering either from disease X or else from disease Y, but there is no available test for distinguishing X from Y. Ttherefore, since there is an effective treatment for Y but no treatment for X, we must act on the assumption that the patient has a case of Y.", "hypothesis": "The physician's reasoning could be based on the principle that when success is possible only if a circumstance beyond one's control is favorable, then one's strategy must be based on the assumption that this circumstance is in fact favorable.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10694, "premise": "Because the death of a spouse creates a void in one' s life and leads to depression, it is very difficult to lead a normal life after the death of a spouse. The ability to lead a normal life after the death of a spouse is improved by filling the void with another important element. In one study, half of those attempting to recover after the death of a spouse were told to embark on a new career, and the other half were told to take time off work to fully comprehend their loss. After one year, those in the first group reported lower rates of depression and positive feelings about their lives, and the second group reported higher rates of depression and negative feelings about their lives.", "hypothesis": "Work, or engaging in time and energy-consuming activities, can often lead to depression in otherwise healthy people strengthens the argument above EXCEPT.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14123, "premise": "Constance: The traditional definition of full employment as a 5 percent unemployment rate is correct, because at levels below 5 percent, inflation rises. Brigita: That traditional definition of full employment was developed before the rise of temporary and part-time work and the fall in benefit levels. When people are juggling several part-time jobs with no benefits, or working in a series of temporary assignments, as is now the case, 5 percent unemployment is not full employment.", "hypothesis": "The claim that Constance and Brigita disagree with each other about whether it is a good idea, all things considered, to allow the unemployment level to drop below 5 percent is most strongly supported by the dialogue.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11645, "premise": "Ten thousand years ago many communities in western Asia stopped procuring food by hunting and gathering and began instead to cultivate food. Archaeological evidence reveals that compared to their hunter-gatherer forebears, the early agricultural peoples ate a poorly balanced diet and had diet-related health problems, yet these peoples never returned to hunting and gathering.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Thousands of years ago similar shifts from hunting and gathering to agriculture occurred in many other parts of the world' most helps to explain why the agricultural peoples of western Asia never returned to hunting and gathering.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14335, "premise": "In the last decade there has been a significant decrease in coffee consumption. During this same time, there has been increasing publicity about the adverse long-term effects on health of the caffeine in coffee. Ttherefore, the decrease in coffee consumption must have been caused by consumers' awareness of the harmful effects of caffeine.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Coffee prices increased steadily in the past decade because of unusually severe frosts in coffee-growing nations' most seriously calls into question the explanation above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6727, "premise": "Individuals always live in certain institutional arrangements, and Chinese traditional Confucian institutional arrangements are mostly informal, emphasizing the internalization of behavior rules, neglecting external compulsory constraints, and having high flexibility.", "hypothesis": "Under the arrangement of the Confucian system, individuals can do whatever they want and be unrestrained is correct.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11262, "premise": "A two-year study beginning in 1977 found that, among 85-year-old people, those whose immune systems were weakest were twice as likely to die within two years as others in the study. The cause of their deaths, however, was more often heart disease, against which the immune system does not protect, than cancer or infections, which are attacked by the immune system.", "hypothesis": "Some of the drugs that had been used to treat the symptoms of heart disease had a side effect of weakening the immune system, if true, would offer the best prospects for explaining deaths in which weakness of the immune system, though present, played no causal role.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10634, "premise": "Astronomer: Earth was bombarded repeatedly by comets and asteroids early in its history. This bombardment probably sterilized the surface and prevented life from originating during this early period in Earth' s geological history. Meanwhile, Mars escaped severe bombardment, and so there could have been microbial life on Mars prior to there being such life on Earth. Because many meteorites originating from Mars have landed on Earth, life on Earth may have started when living microbes were carried here from Mars on a meteorite.", "hypothesis": " The statement that there could have been microbial life on Mars prior to there being such life on Earth is a claim that provides some support for the argument's conclusion but that neither ensures the truth of that conclusion nor is required in order to establish that conclusion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14557, "premise": "Frieda: Lightning causes fires and damages electronic equipment. Since lightning rods can prevent any major damage, every building should have one. Erik: Your recommendation is pointless. It is true that lightning occasionally causes fires, but faulty wiring and overloaded circuits cause far more fires and damage to equipment than lightning does.", "hypothesis": "Erik's response fails to establish that Frieda's recommendation should not be acted on because his response does not show that the benefits that would follow from Frieda's recommendation would be offset by any disadvantages.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9876, "premise": "The rhetoric of opposites and mutually reinforcing refers to the clever connection of two concepts or judgments which are usually opposite and excluded from each other, which can not only reveal the deep contradiction and dialectic relationship existing in objective things, but also increase the meaning of language.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, 'Boldly forth head bowed, like a willing ox I serve the children' is not a mutually reinforcing figure of speech.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14404, "premise": "Some members have criticized the club' s president for inviting Dr. Hines to speak at the annual awards banquet without consulting other club members beforehand. But a few years ago the previous club president hired a tax accountant even though he had not discussed it with club members beforehand. So the current president acted appropriately in the way in which she invited Dr. Hines.", "hypothesis": "The assumption that the club's previous president acted appropriately in hiring the tax accountant without first consulting other club members is on which the argument relies.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9728, "premise": "A foreign company buys insects such as pseudo-walkers and crickets from farmers, processes them into powder or oil, and then mixes them with other ingredients to make delicious food that makes people unable to eat insects. The company made a profit of millions of dollars by selling the food in 2019. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization affirmed the company's practice and pointed out that eating insects is conducive to dealing with worldwide food shortages and malnutrition.", "hypothesis": "An authoritative foreign research institution said that in this century, eating insects is conducive to the growth of population and the increase of consumption of the protein can be used as the premise of the above argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9650, "premise": "Mention is a common rhetorical method in ancient Chinese. In order to make the sentence compact and concise, combine the content that should have been expressed in two phrases or sentences into one phrase or sentence. When merging, the same elements are put together so that there is a separate relationship between the front and back parts of a phrase or sentence.", "hypothesis": "Song of everlasting regret: the moonlight is always sad and resentful when I see the moonlight in the palace, and I hear the sad music of the rain bell in the rain at night does not use the rhetorical devices of the mention according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 757, "premise": "Garden refers to an area with beautiful environment and for people to enjoy and rest by using engineering technology and artistic means in a certain area, through the transformation of terrain, planting trees, flowers and plants, building buildings and arranging garden roads", "hypothesis": " In order to beautify the environment, a corridor was built with stone in a residential area, and flowers and plants were planted on both sides of the corridor to form a green corridor with various functions such as playing, gathering and so on belongs to Garden according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5024, "premise": "The scientific community recently discovered a alpha anthropomorphic virus that can live in beta amoeba. beta amoeba parasitic by the virus releases a stimulus in the mammal that causes the animal's respiratory system to react violently and in severe cases, causes breathing difficulties. Alpha anthropomorphic virus can be found in animals with symptoms of breathing difficulties.", "hypothesis": "In mammals, amoebas cause a violent reaction in the respiratory system can be inferred.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14057, "premise": "James: Many people claim that the voting public is unable to evaluate complex campaign issues. The television commercials for Reade in the national campaign, however, discuss complex campaign issues, and Reade is, at present, more popular than any other candidate. Maria: Yes, Reade is the most popular. However, you are incorrect in claiming that this is because of Reade' s discussion of complex campaign issues. Reade simply strikes the voters as the most competent and trustworthy candidate.", "hypothesis": "Polling data show that most voters cannot identify Reade's positions on campaign issues most supports Maria's counter to James.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 871, "premise": "According to the different effects of the ability compensation method on the overall effect of the ability system, the mutual compensation between abilities can be divided into two types: unbalanced compensation and balanced compensation. Unbalanced compensation refers to the use of superior abilities to compensate for weak abilities, thereby strengthening the overall ability. Balanced compensation refers to the way to strengthen the overall ability by improving the weak ability.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, unbalanced compensation is when Xiao Zhang first came to the car repair shop, he only knew a little about the technology of repairing the engine. Later, under the leadership of the master, he studied diligently and finally mastered the technology.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13389, "premise": "Essayist: Human history is filled with the longing for eternal youth and immortality. Yet aging and death are normal and inevitable, indeed even desirable. Just imagine the ethical, social, and economic consequences that would result if it ever became possible to prevent them.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'human history is filled with the longing for eternal youth and immortality' introduces the subject of the argument, but plays no logical role in establishing the main conclusion.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8127, "premise": "A certain group company has six departments: production department, sales department, R & D department, personnel department, finance department and legal department. There are six office buildings from front to back: Wu ,Ji, Geng , Xin , Ren and Gui . Each department has a building, and the arrangement of each department meets the following requirements: (1) the sales department is in front of the finance department and the production department. (2) the personnel department is immediately after the R & D department or the production department; (3) the legal department is followed by the R & D department or the sales department.", "hypothesis": "The office buildings of the Legal Department, R & D Department, Sales Department, Finance Department, Production Department, and Personnel Department are arranged from front to back.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3767, "premise": "There are four people living in a hotel with different occupations and nationalities. They come from Britain, France, Germany and the United States. It is known that the Germans are doctors, the Americans are policemen and the youngest. C is older than the Germans. B is a judge and a friend of the British. D has never studied medicine.", "hypothesis": "C comes from Britain.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1931, "premise": "Ancient Chinese has perfect educational programs in primary and secondary schools and universities in China, but art and other non-literature majors lack the necessary qualitative requirements when they reach the master's degree stage. Although some colleges and universities continue to carry out ancient Chinese teaching, it is only an elective course, while foreign language courses run through in the form of compulsory courses from childhood to master's and doctoral students. The imbalance of curriculum leads to a serious imbalance between foreign language and ancient Chinese teaching, which leads to the edge of ancient Chinese teaching.", "hypothesis": "The point of view of this passage is that Chinese teaching should be included in art courses as an elective course.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1741, "premise": "Mencius once said this sentence in Gao Zi Shang: Reason and righteousness please my heart, and meat please my mouth. This statement is truthful, exquisite, and quite enlightening. The practice of life has also been told time and time again. We, all the reason that fits my heart, always explain the profound things in a simple way. For example, chu huan means that delicacies such as beef and mutton fits my taste. maybe the speaker is sincere, but the listener doesn't care, or the speaker is hoarse and the listener is sleepy. After all, the appeal does not depend on the high voice, let alone the power of the microphone, but should be as dazzling, eye-catching, beautiful and enlightening as the peacock opens the screen.", "hypothesis": "The emphasis of this text is that only true reason can make people truly believe.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5129, "premise": "Speculation is the purchase of goods for later sale (or temporary sale) in order to profit from changes in their prices.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, Lao Yang buying 2000 shares at the price of 10.03 yuan and selling them at the price of 11.00 yuan is speculation.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13540, "premise": "Terrorism aims to instill fear in the target population, disrupting all daily activities and forcing an irrational backlash. More people die in car accidents in a day than terrorists have killed in two decades. Our country spends more money on fighting terrorism than any other single initiative, including healthcare. As such, our country should. . .", "hypothesis": "Spending money in proportion to terrorism's threat most logically completes the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14755, "premise": "Zoologist: Every domesticated large mammal species now in existence was domesticated thousands of years ago. Since those days, people undoubtedly tried innumerable times to domesticate each of the wild large mammal species that seemed worth domesticating. Clearly, ttherefore, most wild large mammal species in existence today either would be difficult to domesticate or would not be worth domesticating.", "hypothesis": "The zoologist's argument requires the assumption that in spite of the difficulties encountered, at one time or another people have tried to domesticate each wild large mammal species.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10693, "premise": "Counselor: Those who believe that criticism should be gentle rather than harsh should consider the following: change requires a motive, and criticism that is unpleasant provides a motive. Since harsh criticism is unpleasant, harsh criticism provides a motive. Ttherefore, only harsh criticism will cause the person criticized to change.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the counselor's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument infers that something that is sufficient to provide a motive is necessary to provide a motive.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10259, "premise": "Cicero in ancient Rome once said, elegance and beauty cannot be separated from health. Lorenzo Barra, a humanist of the Italian Renaissance, stressed that health is a precious quality, a gift of the body and a gift of nature.many healthy people are not beautiful, but no beautiful person is unhealthy, he wrote. ", "hypothesis": "The statement \"Some healthy people are beautiful\" cannot be inferred from Loren Barra's argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15098, "premise": "Caterpillars of all species produce an identical hormone called juvenile hormone that maintains feeding behavior. Only when a caterpillar has grown to the right size for pupation to take place does a special enzyme halt the production of juvenile hormone. This enzyme can be synthesized and will, on being ingested by immature caterpillars, kill them by stopping them from feeding.", "hypothesis": "Many agriculturally beneficial insects go through a caterpillar stage most strongly supports the view that it would NOT be advisable to try to eradicate agricultural pests that go through a caterpillar stage by spraying croplands with the enzyme mentioned above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1103, "premise": "This is a typical gully area on the Loess Plateau, where soil erosion is very serious; the land is barren and has nine droughts in ten years. Despite the good policies of the state, some people have embarked on the road to prosperity, but many farmers are still struggling on the poverty line.", "hypothesis": "The harsh natural environment is a major obstacle to the prosperity of local people is mainly explained in this passage.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4071, "premise": "Information industry refers to the group of related industries directly related to the production, circulation, distribution and consumption of information industry and information services in national economic activities.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, a company that trains enterprise information managers for social compensation is not the information industry.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8248, "premise": "2 million-1 million years ago, during the evolution from apes to modern Homo sapiens, the brains of our ancestors evolved to support cooperation to support hunting. This made the memory and thinking centers in the prefrontal cortex of human ancestors more developed than those of other primates. As groups become more powerful than individuals, and the brain evolves the ability to manage larger groups, competition between groups becomes more important than competition between individuals, and groups with more cooperative individuals develop better. This evolution has led to the development of altruistic consciousness, ethics, conscience and dignity.", "hypothesis": "The main content of this text is the evolution of the brain in group life can inspire virtue.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11896, "premise": "A recent study confirms that nutritious breakfasts make workers more productive. For one month, workers at Plant A received free nutritious breakfasts every day before work, while workers in Plant B did not. The productivity of Plant A' s workers increased, while that of Plant B' s workers did not.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Few workers in Plant B consumed nutritious breakfasts during the month of the study' most strengthens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14422, "premise": "That Shakespeare' s The Winter s Tale ( 1610-1611) is modeled after Euripides' Alcestis (fifth century B. C. ) seems undeniable. However, it is generally accepted that Shakespeare knew little or no Greek, so Euripides' original play would be an unlikely source. Thus, it seems most likely that Shakespeare came to know Euripides' play through a Latin translation.", "hypothesis": " Latin phrases that were widely used in England during Shakespeare's time appear in a number of his plays LEAST strengthens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9778, "premise": "Objectively speaking, in order to realize self-driving, it is far from enough to rely on the upgrading of the car itself, and it is also necessary to upgrade the urban road to intelligent management so as to achieve the linkage between the car and the urban transportation system. Cars can have more eyes to observe the surrounding road conditions and discover potential dangers. However, in the current technology and environment is not perfect, driverless cars can not be as accurate as the human brain, can not rush on the road. This is also what self-driving developers should pay attention to. Research and development should be thoughtful rather than radical. After all, whether self-driving can cope with a complex road environment must be tested by a road test.", "hypothesis": "The safety is the first principle in the application of autopilot technology is the content that this text is meant to emphasize.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 842, "premise": "In the past 10 years, the number of criminal cases in area A has increased by 200%, but the number of criminal cases in area B has increased by 500%. Therefore, the current number of criminal cases in area B is higher than that in area A.", "hypothesis": "Ten years ago, the number of criminal cases in area B was 50% of the number of criminal cases in area A can weaken the above proposition most.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5448, "premise": "According to media reports, a university has officially dismissed 54 professors and associate professors, and rejoiced in the so-called dismissal of professors. The reason is that China's essentially lifelong professor system is like a pot of rice. On the one hand, it leads to a large number of redundant staff in colleges and universities, and on the other hand, it makes professors reluctant to make progress and inhibit competition and innovation.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Professors should be the masters of the University. Dismissal of professors is not conducive to the academic development of the University' can effectively question the above measures.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12396, "premise": "Computer manufacturers and retailers tell us that the complexity involved in connecting the various components of personal computers is not a widespread obstacle to their use, but this is wrong. Customers who install accessories to their personal computers have to take full responsibility for the setting of jumpers and switches to satisfy mysterious specifications. Many accessories require extra software that can cause other accessories to stop working; adding a modem, for instance, may disable a printer.", "hypothesis": "Computer manufacturers rarely take into account ease of installation when they are designing programs or accessories most seriously weakens the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12980, "premise": "For years scientists have been scanning the skies in the hope of finding life on other planets. But in spite of the ever-increasing sophistication of the equipment they employ, some of it costing hundreds of millions of dollars, not the first shred of evidence of such life has been forthcoming. And there is no reason to think that these scientists will be anymore successful in the future, no matter how much money is invested in the search. The dream of finding extraterrestrial life is destined to remain a dream, as science' s experience up to this point should indicate.", "hypothesis": "The main point of the argument is that only if scientists had already found evidence of life on other planets would continued search be justified.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11738, "premise": "Aerobics instructor: Compared to many forms of exercise, kickboxing aerobics is highly risky. Overextending when kicking often leads to hip, knee, or lower-back injuries. Such overextension is very likely to occur when beginners try to match the high kicks of more skilled practitioners.", "hypothesis": "To reduce the risk of injuries, beginners at kickboxing aerobics should avoid trying to match the high kicks of more skilled practitioners is most strongly supported by the aerobics instructor's statements.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11392, "premise": "Dietitian: Eating fish can lower one' s cholesterol level. In a study of cholesterol levels and diet, two groups were studied. The first group ate a balanced diet including two servings of fish per week. The second group ate a very similar diet, but ate no fish. The first group showed lower cholesterol levels, on average, than the second group. The two groups had displayed similar average cholesterol levels prior to the study.", "hypothesis": "The claim that the two groups had displayed similar average cholesterol levels prior to the study most accurately describes the role played in the dietitian's argument by the claim that it rules out an alternative explanation of the data collected in the study.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 652, "premise": "Contract: It is an agreement between the parties to establish, modify, and terminate civil relations. A contract established in accordance with the law is protected by law. The establishment of a contract must follow two principles: 1. the principle of legality; 2. the principle of equality and mutual benefit, consensus, and equal compensation.", "hypothesis": "Before committing the crime, two thieves made a life-and-death agreement. Once one of the two persons is caught, the second person must never be confessed is not part of a contract according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15177, "premise": "Sociologist: Some economists hold that unregulated markets should accompany democratic sovereignty because they let people vote with their money. But this view ignores the crucial distinction between the private consumer and the public citizen. In the marketplace the question is, What do I want? At the voting booth the question is always, What do we want? Hence, supporters of political democracy can also support marketplace regulation.", "hypothesis": "Opposition to unregulated markets is consistent with support for democracy is the conclusion drawn by the sociologist.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14144, "premise": "Geneticist: Billions of dollars are spent each year on high-profile experiments that attempt to link particular human genes with particular personality traits. Though such experiments seem to promise a new understanding of human nature, they have few practical consequences. Meanwhile, more mundane and practical genetic projects -- for example, those that look for natural ways to make edible plants hardier or more nutritious -- are grossly underfunded. Thus, funding for human gene research should be reduced while funding for other genetic research should be increased.", "hypothesis": "The principle 'Experiments that have modest but practical goals are more worthwhile than those that have impressive goals but few practical consequences' most helps to justify the geneticist's reasoning, if valid.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3560, "premise": "Gamification management: refers to the management behavior of using scoring, ranking, competition and other elements in the game in a scene that is not a game. Its use in the work environment can often increase the emotional investment of employees, thereby improving efficiency.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, hiring new management is a game management behavior.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10173, "premise": "In an electoral society, every politician has to pander to the voters in order to get elected. Cheng Bian was a super politician who wanted to be elected. So he will try his best to pander to voters. In many cases, you can't pander to voters without writing a lot of lip service. In fact, Cheng Bian was elected.", "hypothesis": "Mr Cheng must have made a lot of empty promises to voters is the best conclusion that can be deduced from the question.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13256, "premise": "In a democratic society, when a political interest group exceeds a certain size, the diverse and sometimes conflicting economic interests that can be found in almost any large group of people tend to surface. Once these conflicting interests have surfaced, they can make it impossible for the political interest group to unite behind a common program. Yet to have the political impact necessary to influence legislation, a group must be united.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'A political interest group can become ineffective by expanding to include as wide a membership as possible' is most strongly supported by the statements above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8215, "premise": "In the era of mobile reading, the influence of self-media cannot be underestimated. Due to its wider communication paths and distribution channels, it has received a high degree of public attention, and self-media people have a certain right to speak. Compared with traditional media organizations, some self-media people are indeed not inferior, and their credibility has brought them benefits. However, credibility is a double-edged sword. We-media people must not only see the interests behind the traffic, but also recognize the negative effects of abusing their credibility. Miscalculated. The consequences of abusing the right to speak will directly affect the credibility that you have built up so hard, and you will lose the support and attention of the public.", "hypothesis": "The emphasis of the text is that self-media people should seek public support.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14902, "premise": "The top 50 centimeters of soil on Tiliga Island contain bones from the native birds eaten by the islanders since the first human immigration to the island 3, 000 years ago. A comparison of this top layer with the underlying 150 centimeters of soil -- accumulated over 80, 000 years -- reveals that before humans arrived on Tiliga, a much larger and more diverse population of birds lived there. Thus, the arrival of humans dramatically decreased the population and diversity of birds on Tiliga.", "hypothesis": "The arrival of a species of microbe, carried by some birds but deadly to many others, immediately preceded the first human immigration to Tiliga most seriously weakens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1756, "premise": "On December 2, 2008 CCTV news broadcast broadcast about the content of the shanzhai phenomena, fifty percent of netizens watch shanzhai. shanzhai wind in the folk popular for a long time, and is characterized with grassroots innovation, wisdom of crowds, it is imitation and beyond on the trail of running all the way, finally broke into the mainstream culture field of vision. It started out as a lower-end consumer, but slowly moved beyond lower-income consumers to become a mass fad.", "hypothesis": "The main point of written expression is on shanzhai pop culture meaning of interpretation.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14500, "premise": "Advertisement: Hypnosis videos work to alter behavior by subliminally directing the subconscious to act in certain ways. Directions to the subconscious must, however, be repeated many times in order to be effective. Hypnosis videos from Mesmosis, Inc. induce a hypnotic stale and then issue an initial command to the subject' s subconscious to experience each subsequent instruction as if it had been repeated 1, 000 times. Because of the initial instruction, the subsequent instructions on Mesmosis videos are extremely effective -- it is as if they had actually been repeated 1, 000 times!", "hypothesis": "The advertisement's reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it overlooks a requirement that it states for the effectiveness of directions to the subconscious.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13844, "premise": "Problems caused by the leaching of pollutants from dumps and landfills are worst in countries with an annual per capita economic output of $4, 000 to $5, 000, and less severe for considerably poorer and considerably richer countries. This is so because pollution problems increase during the early stages of a country' s industrial development but then diminish as increasing industrial development generates adequate resources to tackle such problems. Ttherefore, problems caused by such leaching in Country X, where the annual per capita economic output is now $5, 000, should begin to diminish in the next few years.", "hypothesis": "Industrial development in Country X will increase in the next few years is an assumption on which the argument depends.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4427, "premise": "Technological innovation is a complete process from the generation of new products or processes to market application. It includes a series of activities from the generation of new ideas, research, development, commercial production to promotion; From commercial production to promotion, it is the process of promoting the creation of brand intellectual property rights.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, the iron and steel company building an ultra-thin tropical production line belongs to technological innovation.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12446, "premise": "Many athletes inhale pure oxygen after exercise in an attempt to increase muscular reabsorption of oxygen. Measured continuously after exercise, however, the blood lactate levels of athletes who inhale pure oxygen are practically identical, on average, to those of athletes who breathe normal air. The lower the blood lactate level is, the higher the muscular reabsorption of oxygen is.", "hypothesis": "If the statements above are all true, they most strongly support the conclusion that athletes' muscular reabsorption of oxygen is not increased when they inhale pure oxygen instead of normal air.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4129, "premise": "Leader refers to an individual or group with certain power and status, in order to achieve a predetermined organizational goal, through its own role, guide and influence others or organizations, and complete the behavioral process of predetermined tasks under certain conditions.", "hypothesis": "Scientists study biological systems, engineering automatic control technology, and communication network systems is not a leader.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9021, "premise": "In recent years, the number of Sichuan restaurants in big cities in China is increasing. This shows that more people choose to go to restaurants instead of entertaining guests at home.", "hypothesis": "A new restaurant will open only when there is no room in the existing restaurant must be true in order for the above conclusion to be true.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10700, "premise": "If the winner of a promotional contest is selected by a lottery, the lottery must be fair, giving all entrants an equal chance of winning. Since 90 percent of the winners selected by the lottery in a recent promotional contest submitted their entry forms within the first 2 days of the 30-day registration period, it is clear that this lottery did not meet the fairness requirement.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The contest entry forms were submitted at a consistent rate throughout the registration period' most strengthens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8046, "premise": "Traditional Chinese painting pays attention to knowing the white and keeping the black, which means that the black is the painting and the white is the blank. The blank left on the picture should be valued as much as the image of the painting. In other words, the blank should be reasonable and conform to the composition rules. The most taboo is the same size and shape of the blank, the most taboo is the blank like round, square, the most taboo is the blank scattered like stars. Good blanks are large and small, are irregular triangles and the blanks left are complete and unified.", "hypothesis": "The composition principle of traditional Chinese painting is intended to be explained in this passage.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14544, "premise": "When mercury-vapor streetlights are used in areas inhabited by insect-eating bats, the bats feed almost exclusively around the lights, because the lights attract flying insects. In Greenville, the mercury-vapor streetlights are about to be replaced with energy-saving sodium streetlights, which do not attract insects. This change is likely to result in a drop in the population of insect-eating bats in Greenville, since __", "hypothesis": "Bats use echolocation to catch insects and therefore gain no advantage from the fact that insects flying in the vicinity of streetlights are visible at night most logically completes the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8260, "premise": "After the long-distance running results of the Games were announced, Xiao Zhang said: I am in the top five, Xiao Xia's position is not good, Xiao Wang is the last to cross the finish line. Xiao Xia said: my long-distance running results have always been at this level, and I followed Xiao Wang across the finish line. Xiao Wang said, both Xiao Zhang and Xiao Xia have better grades than me. At most one in three people tells lies.", "hypothesis": "Xiao Zhang told a lie can be concluded based on the information provided.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11088, "premise": "Between 1951 and 1963, it was illegal in the country 25. of Geronia to manufacture, sell, or transport any alcoholic beverages. Despite this prohibition, however, the death rate from diseases related to excessive alcohol consumption was higher during the first five years of the period than it was during the five years prior to 1951. Ttherefore, the attempt to prevent alcohol use merely made people want and use alcohol more than they would have if it had not been forbidden.", "hypothesis": "Many who died of alcohol-related diseases between 1951 and 1963 consumed illegally imported alcoholic beverages produced by the same methods as those used within Geronia does not weaken the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2193, "premise": "With the implementation of the two-child policy, breastfeeding has increasingly become an unavoidable topic for young women in the process of giving birth. Medical experts recommend exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life, and parents want to provide the best nutrition for their children. However, statistics show that in recent years, the exclusive breastfeeding rate of infants aged 0 to 6 months in China is obviously on the low side. The exclusive breastfeeding rate of infants within 6 months is 30% in rural areas and only 16% in cities.", "hypothesis": "Working women often fall into the dilemma of breastfeeding due to high work pressure and impermissible working environment does not explain the above statistics.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 618, "premise": "Why are you always unhappy? Because of your lack of faith, your life has lost its direction. You have lost the means to control happiness. As a result, many people choose unhappiness in happiness. At the same time, without faith, it is easy to build values on some external things, even compare with each other, look up to the success of others and feel humble; Look up to the happiness of others, lament your own misfortune, compare the success of others, and resent your own disappointment; Compare the happiness of others and magnify your own pain", "hypothesis": "If you don't base your values on some external things, it means you have faith can be deduced if the above statement is true.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10745, "premise": "Journalist: Until recently, doctors enjoyed high status in Canada. Although once admired as altruistic, in the last few decades doctors have fallen in public esteem. While it is acknowledged that doctors are indispensable, they are seen by critics as always wanting higher fees from the provincial governments, and even shielding incompetence in some cases, thereby being more dedicated to self-interest than the public interest.", "hypothesis": "Doctors in Canada are perceived by critics as not being sufficiently devoted to the interest of others is most supported by the journalist's statements.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1835, "premise": "The specific stage of social development defines the corresponding social culture, the specific social culture determines the corresponding wealth culture, and the specific wealth culture determines the corresponding concept of wealth. Only when the concept of wealth taken from the people and used by the people has become the more common social judgment and pursuit of the value of wealth, only those entrepreneurs who really understand and identify with the wealth philosophy of even if they run out of money will start all over again and are keen on philanthropy will emerge in large numbers.", "hypothesis": "The main point of view supported by this passage is that the blowout of philanthropists requires corresponding wealth and culture.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12436, "premise": "Municipal legislator: The mayor proposes that the city accept a lighting company' s gift of several high-tech streetlights. Surely there would be no problem in accepting these despite some people' s fear that the company wants to influence the city' s decision regarding park lighting contracts. The only ulterior motive I can find is the company' s desire to have its products seen by mayors who will visit the city for an upcoming convention. In any case, favoritism in city contracts is prevented by our competitive-bidding procedure.", "hypothesis": "The main conclusion of the municipal legislator's argument is that some people's fear that the company wants to influence the city's decision regarding park lighting contracts is unfounded.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1939, "premise": "Inheritance refers to the personal property left by the decedent at the time of death and other property rights and interests that can be inherited by law. According to the relevant provisions of the inheritance Law of our country, the estate must conform to three characteristics: it must be the estate left by the citizen at the time of death; it must be all the property of the citizen; it must be legitimate property.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, after Zhang's death, the common property of his husband and wife is not all Zhang's legacy is correct.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7042, "premise": "As a visual symbol of mass communication, a trademark must have a specific meaning and clearly convey its specific information in a concise image. Therefore, a trademark with only image beauty but no rich connotation can not be called a sign, which is only a pattern or graphic. At the same time, we must also understand that, Every enterprise must have many characteristics. It is impossible to try to cover all information with one image, and it is also undesirable to try to accommodate all characteristics in a trademark. This requires designers to refine the unique attributes of the object through analysis and screening, so as to perfectly integrate it with the visual image, so as to create a brand-new and clearly indicative symbol.", "hypothesis": "The paragraph is intended to illustrate that trademark should be the perfect unity of image and connotation.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1948, "premise": "In the past, the shaping of our peasant image formed two habitual modes: one is to tell positively how the protagonist turns an enemy into a friend by means of humiliation, self-sacrifice or good character in the binary opposition between reform and conservatism or between advanced and backward, winning the trust of the villagers and making progress in the reform; the other is to resolve the contradiction through a series of skit or comic stories of the protagonist and maintain its attraction to the audience. The aesthetic consequence of these two habitual models is that the image of farmers has become an almost immutable symbol, lacking in richness and attractiveness and there is a huge gap between peasant image and real life. This model is a flattening of reality itself.", "hypothesis": "The most likely content of this passage is the change in the image of farmers now.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11165, "premise": "Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not require surgery, are given follow-up x-rays because their orthopedists are concerned about possibly having misjudged the stability of the fracture. When a number of follow-up x-rays were reviewed, however, all the fractures that had initially been judged stable were found to have healed correctly. Ttherefore, it is a waste of money to order follow-up x-rays of ankle fracture initially judged stable.", "hypothesis": "X-rays of patients of many different orthopedists working in several hospitals were reviewed, which most strengthens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8985, "premise": "A new medical technology can be used clinically only if it is effective and safe. In 1998, American scientists successfully made human embryonic stem cells grow and proliferate in vitro. if this stem cell technology is combined with cloning technology, the necessary tissue cells can be cultured from patients' somatic cells to replace patients' damaged cells. to treat a variety of difficult diseases, this is the so-called therapeutic cloning. But now therapeutic cloning is still a long way from clinical use.", "hypothesis": "At present, scientists are far from understanding the mechanism by which human embryonic stem cells differentiate into various cells and how to prevent them from turning into cancer cells, if true, will give the above conclusion the strongest support.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14852, "premise": "Scientists hypothesize that a particular type of fat known as P-fat is required for the development of eyesight. Researchers were led to this hypothesis by observing that babies who are fed formulas low in P-fat tend to have worse eyesight than babies fed mother' s milk, which is high in P-fat. It has also been shown that babies that are five to six weeks premature tend to have worse eyesight than babies carried to term.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'A fetus typically receives high levels of P-fat from the mother during only the last four weeks of pregnancy' most supports the scientists' hypothesis.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11545, "premise": "Although it is unwise to take a developmental view of an art like music -- as if Beethoven were an advance over Josquin, or Miles Davis an advance over Louis Armstrong -- there are ways in which it makes sense to talk about musical knowledge growing over time. We certainly know more about certain sounds than was known five centuries ago; that is, we understand how sounds that earlier composers avoided can be used effectively in musical compositions. For example, we now know how the interval of the third, which is considered dissonant, can be used in compositions to create consonant musical phrases.", "hypothesis": "The main conclusion of the argument is that sounds that were never used in past musical compositions are used today.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6120, "premise": "When talking about French literature in the eyes of the Chinese people, the French can't help but say in a contemptuous tone: you like the camellia girl. in the eyes of the French, it's still some taste to like Dumas. After all, he has a count of Monte Cristo and three musketeers. What does Dumas have? It's just a social flower. French literature is the pride of the French and plays an important role in world literature. It's obviously disrespect for French literature to only like the camellia girl. It became popular in China almost a hundred years ago. At that time, it was the failure of the reform movement of 1898, people were depressed and the road of improvement was not feasible, We have to make do with random novels. The birth of Camellia girl in China is at the right time.", "hypothesis": "The popularity of Camellia girl in China has a certain social background is this passage intended to explain.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4298, "premise": "Copernicus's heliocentric theory contradicted the religious thoughts of the time, the dominant Aristotelian physics, and people's common sense. At first it was opposed by many people until Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation. It was gradually recognized by astronomers.", "hypothesis": "The religious thoughts of the time regarded the sun as sacred cannot be derived from this.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12594, "premise": "Cezanne' s art inspired the next generation of artists, twentieth-century modernist creators of abstract art. While most experts rank Cezanne as an early modernist, a small few reject this idea. Fran^oise Cachin, for example, bluntly states that such an ascription is overplayed, and says that Cezanne' s work is too often observed from a modern point of view. ", "hypothesis": "Cezanne's work helped to develop modernism is most strongly supported by the information above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3879, "premise": "Burning mugwort leaves at night to repel mosquitoes was an important cause of house fires in Longquan Mountain area. In recent years, though, the use of mugwort leaves to repel mosquitoes has decreased significantly. However, the number of deaths caused by home fires has not decreased.", "hypothesis": "Fires caused by burning mugwort leaves at night usually start after family members fall asleep cannot explain the above condition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13738, "premise": "Bureaucratic mechanisms are engineered to resist change. Thus, despite growing dissatisfaction with complex bureaucratic systems, it is unlikely that bureaucracies will be simplified.", "hypothesis": "The claim that bureaucratic mechanisms are engineered to resist change is a conclusion for which the claim that bureaucracies are unlikely to be simplified is offered as support.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 499, "premise": "Rational expectation means that if people are rational when anticipating an economic phenomenon, they will make full use of the information they get to take action without making systematic mistakes.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, Lao Qin's stock operation is an example of rational expectation.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10348, "premise": "Critical thinking in Business, a core subject at the University of Sydney's business school, was taken by 1200 students in the final exam, but more than 400 failed, 80 percent of whom were Chinese students. The University of Sydney explained: Chinese students lack critical thinking and are not good at English.The student's representative L complained: The level of English for the students admitted by the school is recognized by the school, and the entrance examination required IELTS to be 7, and we have all reached this level.", "hypothesis": "The assumption that student representative L's complaint depends on is that the school may have unfair discrimination in assessing the scores of Chinese students.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4293, "premise": "Psychosomatic diseases refer to physical diseases in which psychosocial factors are the main reason or triggers involved in the onset of disease.", "hypothesis": "Lao Zhang is always competitive and has a bad temper. Whenever something goes wrong, he has to use antihypertensive drugs to control his blood pressure is a psychosomatic disease.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3511, "premise": "Unjust enrichment: gain without legal or contractual basis at the expense of others. Among them, the beneficiary is the debtor and has the obligation to return the unjust enrichment. The injured person is the creditor and has the right to request the beneficiary to return the undeserved gain.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, Xiao Zhang winning 200 yuan during the Spring Festival by playing mahjong with relatives at home is unjust enrichment.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12769, "premise": "The shoe factory in Centerville is the town' s largest firm, and it employs more unskilled workers on a full-time basis than all of the other businesses in town combined. Ttherefore, if the shoe factory closes down and ceases all operations, more than half of Centerville' s residents who are unskilled workers with full-time jobs in Centerville will lose their jobs.", "hypothesis": "The conclusion above logically follows from the premises if the assumption that the shoe factory in Centerville employs no one who is not a resident of Centerville is made.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8429, "premise": "The market gap maker strategy refers to the relatively weak enterprises in the industry, in order to avoid head-on conflicts with powerful enterprises in the competition, choose unsatisfied market segments and provide special products or services to market segments in order to seek survival and development.", "hypothesis": "A small clothing manufacturer incorporated the popular elements in this year's market into the design to produce women's wear with high quality and low price belongs to the market gap strategy according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11487, "premise": "On the Discount Phoneline, any domestic long-distance call starting between 9 A. M. and 5 P. M. costs 15 cents a minute, and any other domestic long-distance call costs 10 cents a minute. So any domestic long-distance call on the Discount Phoneline that does not cost 10 cents a minute costs 15 cents a minute.", "hypothesis": "The pattern of reasoning in the argument 'If a university class involves extensive lab work, the class will be conducted in a laboratory; otherwise, it will be conducted in a normal classroom. Thus, if a university class is not conducted in a normal classroom, it will be conducted in a laboratory' is similar to the pattern of reasoning in the argument above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12895, "premise": "Critic: It is common to argue that there is a distinction between literary and genre fiction. The first should be interpreted, so this argument goes, while the second is merely a source of easy pleasure. But this is a specious distinction -- not because every work should be interpreted, but because no work should be. When we evaluate a work principally for its themes and ideas, we cut ourselves off from the work' s emotional impact.", "hypothesis": "It is offered as support for the conclusion that when we evaluate a work principally for its themes and ideas, we cut ourselves off from the work's emotional impact.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7721, "premise": "Power hint refers to the influence on external members of the organization based on position, business ability, and personality charm.", "hypothesis": "Director Li of the Bureau of Education has studied the professional development of teachers for a long time, but his relatives and friends often turn to him for advice on the education of their children is not a power hint.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12972, "premise": "Dillworth: More and more people are deciding not to have children because of the personal and economic sacrifices children require and because so often children are ungrateful for the considerable sacrifices their parents do make for them. However, such considerations have no bearing on the fact that their children provide the best chance most people have of ensuring that their values live on after them. Ttherefore, for anyone with deeply held values, foregoing parenthood out of reluctance to make sacrifices for which little gratitude can be expected would probably be a mistake. Travers: Your reasoning ignores another fact that deserves consideration: children' s ingratitude for parental sacrifices usually stems from a wholesale rejection of parental values.", "hypothesis": "Dillworth employs the argumentative strategy of distinguishing a category of person for whom the reason presented in favor of a given course of action is more telling than the reasons cited against that course of action.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14793, "premise": "In an experiment, tennis players who were told that their performance would be used to assess only the quality of their rackets performed much better than an equally skilled group of tennis players who were told that their tennis-playing talent would be measured.", "hypothesis": " The situation described above most closely conforms to the proposition that people execute a task more proficiently when they do not believe their abilities are being judged.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4382, "premise": "Xiao Zhou, Xiao Wu, Xiao Deng and Xiao Wang's occupations are: dancers, nurses, teachers and costume designers. I also know that Xiao Zhou's salary is higher than nurses, and Xiao Zheng's salary is lower than Xiao Wu's, dancers. The salary is lower than that of a costume designer, and the costume designer is either Xiao Zheng or Xiao Wang.", "hypothesis": "Based on the above statement, it is true that only three people's occupations can be determined.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8821, "premise": "The fact that the Chinese women's volleyball team won the championship in the Athens Olympic Games makes us realise many truths. For example, failure must not be accepted when it has not determined. When there is still a faint hope of victory, try your best to win! Otherwise, you are not real strong.", "hypothesis": "A truly strong man never accepts failure can be deduced from the above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11050, "premise": "The size of northern fur seals provides a reliable indication of their population levels -- the smaller the average body size of seals in a population, the larger the population. Archaeologists studied seal fossils covering an 800-year period when the seals were hunted for food by Native peoples in North America and found that the average body size of the seals did not vary significantly.", "hypothesis": "The statements above, if true, provide the most support for the claim that hunting by Native peoples in North America did not significantly reduce the northern fur seal population over the 800-year period studied.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7744, "premise": "Value self-identifications means that people often overestimate the value of their actions and obtain happiness and beauty from it.", "hypothesis": "After Mr. Xie's famous song became popular overnight, he soon entered the film and television industry and appeared in many TV series. Although the audience response was mediocre, he has always been confident in his acting skills is value self-identifications.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5132, "premise": "Administrative counterpart refers to a citizen, a legal person or other organization in a managed position in administrative management.", "hypothesis": "A county procuratorate was an administrative counterpart when it applied to the municipal construction committee to approve the construction of a staff dormitory building is correct according to the above definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13205, "premise": "Two centuries ago, Tufe Peninsula became separated from the mainland, isolating on the newly formed Tufe Island a population of Turfil sunflowers. This population' s descendants grow to be, on average, 40 centimeters shorter than Turfil sunflowers found on the mainland. Tufe Island is significantly drier than Tufe Peninsula was. So the current average height of Tufe' s Turfil sunflowers is undoubtedly at least partially attributable to changes in Tufe' s environmental conditions.", "hypothesis": "The mainland's environment has not changed in ways that have resulted in Turfil sunflowers on the mainland growing to be 40 centimeters taller than they did two centuries ago is an assumption on which the argument depends.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 929, "premise": "Reactive interdependence means that in the communication process, both sides of the communication use the other's behavior as the basis for their own behavior and make corresponding responses instead of communicating according to the original plan.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, Xiao He's plan to study abroad for a doctoral degree is reactive interdependence.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9776, "premise": "During the Han Dynasty, most of the supervisors were recommended by local officials. In order to ensure that the imperial history exercised the power of impeachment without restraint, the Sui and Tang dynasties changed the system in which the official was selected and appointed by the official department since the Northern Wei Dynasty, but the selection of the official department in the Tang Dynasty was actually controlled by the prime minister. In the Song Dynasty, most of the supervisors at the central level were promoted by emperors, while the local supervisors implemented the official self-selection system, which was directly appointed by the central supervisors, and the supervisory power got rid of the control of the prime minister's power. In order to prevent nepotism, there will also be some restrictions on qualifications and avoidance. For example, in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, great scholars were not allowed to serve as imperial magistrates, and in the Song Dynasty, relatives recommended by prime ministers as officials or prime ministers were not allowed to be imperial histories. In the Ming Dynasty, itinerant supervisors should avoid their places of origin, or had served as officials or lived in places.", "hypothesis": "The main content of this text is the inheritance and Reform of the Supervisor system in past dynasties.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9943, "premise": "In one study, 51 volunteers from middle school students were divided into a test group and a control group and trained in the same math skills. During the five-day training, the researchers used a technique called transcranial random noise stimulation to deliver mild shocks to areas of the brain thought to be related to computing power in 25 members of the test group. The results of subsequent tests showed that the ability to perform mathematical operations of the members of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group. To their surprise, the improvement of this ability can last at least half a year. As a result, the researchers believe that to deliver mild shocks in the brain can improve the brain's ability to calculate.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Subjects with delivering mild shocks to the brain were more concerned about their behavior and were more focused during the test' best supports the researchers' view.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11860, "premise": "Several companies that make herbal teas containing ginseng assert in their marketing that ginseng counteracts the effects of stress. As a result, many people buy these products hoping to improve their health. Yet no definitive scientific study links ginseng with the relief of stress. Thus, these marketing campaigns make false claims.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that it concludes that a claim is false merely on the grounds that it has not been shown to be true.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}

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