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{"id": 4541, "premise": "Some students who participated in the summer advanced workshop on linguistics won the youth linguistics award. All third year master students majoring in Chinese participated in the summer advanced workshop on linguistics. All first year master students majoring in Chinese did not participate in the summer advanced workshop on linguistics.", "hypothesis": "If the above statement is true, we can deduce that some first-year master students majoring in Chinese have won the youth linguistics award.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2253, "premise": "Code-switching: the use of more than one language or dialect to communicate in the same conversation.", "hypothesis": "At an international academic conference, Professor Chen gave a presentation in English with a strong Sichuan accent, which was barely understood by most of the foreign scholars attending the conference does not belong to code-switching.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6656, "premise": "In order to catch up with the world's advanced level in science and technology, we should not only improve the quality of higher education, but also, above all, improve the quality of primary and secondary education.", "hypothesis": "To comprehensively improve the quality of education is the condition for catching up with the world's advanced level in science and technology supports the main point above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10467, "premise": "G, H, J, K, L, M and O travel together. During their four-day camping life, two people were arranged to be on duty to cook for everyone every day. The arrangement of the personnel required for these four days cannot be repeated, and there happens to be one person on duty for two days.In addition, the following conditions must be met for those on duty: (1)J is arranged to be on duty the day after H.(2) the person who is on duty for two days must be on the fourth day, not the third day. (3) G must be arranged on the same day as one of J and O. (4) K is arranged to be on duty on at least one day on the first or second day. (5) O must be on the third day.", "hypothesis": "The option G must be on the next day.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12388, "premise": "High school students who feel that they are not succeeding in school often drop out before graduating and go to work. Last year, however, the city' s high school dropout rate was significantly lower than the previous year' s rate. This is encouraging evidence that the program instituted two years ago to improve the morale of high school students has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The morale of students who dropped out of high school had been low even before they reached high school' most seriously weakens the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2660, "premise": "According to the existing laws of physics, it is impossible for any matter to move faster than the speed of light, but a recent astronomical observation challenged this law. The IC310 galaxy, which is far away from Earth, has an active black hole, and the matter that falls into the black hole produces gamma-ray shock waves. Some astronomers have found that the gamma ray travels faster than the speed of light because it takes only 4.8 minutes to cross the boundary of the black hole, while light takes 25 minutes to cover the distance. As a result, these astronomers propose that the law of constant speed of light needs to be modified.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Either the law of constant speed of light is out of date, or astronomers' observations are wrong' would most question the conclusion made by the above-mentioned astronomers.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6337, "premise": "The ancient city of Beiting is the Tang Dynasty Beiting Duhu Mansion, Beiting Daduhu Mansion, and the governing place of Beiting Dao. Its scale is magnificent, ranking first in the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain and second in Xinjiang. After the vicissitudes of time, it has been transformed into the huge ruins of the legacy which can still vaguely glimpse the majestic atmosphere of the heavy battlements and deep trenches. This thousand-year-old city is also the seat of the important military and political institutions of the Tang Dynasty, the Han Navy and the Tingzhou government office, and has become a record of ancient history. It is an eternal symbol of the country. Its former site is in the border of Jimsar County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, only 12 kilometers to the south from the county seat. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit.", "hypothesis": "The aspect of Beiting's ancient city that cannot be learned from this text is demographic changes.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4182, "premise": "At present, for the bio-processed food system to become a reality, there are still several things to do. First, it must be able to cultivate the tissues of vegetables and fruits in the culture medium. Second, it must be able to expand the production to meet the needs of the market.But to mass-produce economically,it is necessary to develop cheap raw materials and use the basic nutrients in them for mass production.", "hypothesis": "The current raw materials are too expensive can be inferred from this.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 871, "premise": "According to the different effects of the ability compensation method on the overall effect of the ability system, the mutual compensation between abilities can be divided into two types: unbalanced compensation and balanced compensation. Unbalanced compensation refers to the use of superior abilities to compensate for weak abilities, thereby strengthening the overall ability. Balanced compensation refers to the way to strengthen the overall ability by improving the weak ability.", "hypothesis": "The No. 5 player of the volleyball team is characterized by strong offense and blocking, but is weak in defense and first pass. The coach arranges him to defend in the first position, and uses the front row to block the straight line to cover his shortcomings is unbalanced compensation according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11003, "premise": "Over 90 percent of the human brain currently serves no purpose, as is evident from the fact that many people with significant brain damage show no discernible adverse effects. So once humans begin to tap into this tremendous source of creativity and innovation, many problems that today seem insurmountable will be within our ability to solve.", "hypothesis": "The argument presumes, without providing justification, that the currently unused parts of the brain are a potential source of tremendous creativity and innovation is a flaw in the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11816, "premise": "X-ray examination of a recently discovered painting -- judged by some authorities to be a self-portrait by Vincent van Gogh -- revealed an underimage of a woman' s face. Either van Gogh or another painter covered the first painting with the portrait now seen on the surface of the canvas. Because the face of the woman in the underimage also appears on canvases van Gogh is known to have painted, the surface painting must be an authentic self-portrait by van Gogh.", "hypothesis": "The conclusion above is properly drawn if it is assumed that many painted canvases that can be reliably attributed to van Gogh contain underimages of subjects that appear on at least one other canvas that van Gogh is known to have painted.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4367, "premise": "Administrative levies refer to the act of a country's government, based on public needs, by the administrative agency in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations to compulsorily obtain the ownership of the counterparty's property.", "hypothesis": "To charge road maintenance fees is not classified as administrative levies.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11342, "premise": "Court analyst: Courts should not allow the use of DNA tests in criminal cases. There exists considerable controversy among scientific experts about how reliable these tests are. Unless there is widespread agreement in the scientific community about how reliable a certain test is, it is unreasonable for the courts to allow evidence based on that test.", "hypothesis": "The court analyst's reasoning is flawed because it fails to take into account that data should not be admitted as evidence in a court of law without scientific witnesses having agreed about how reliable they are.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10909, "premise": "Political advocacy groups have begun to use information services to disseminate information that is then accessed by the public via personal computer. Since many groups are thus able to bypass traditional news sources, whose reporting is selective, and to present their political views directly to the public, information services present a more balanced picture of the complexities of political issues than any traditional news source presents.", "hypothesis": "The assumption on which the argument above depends is that traditional news sources seldom report the views of political advocacy groups accurately.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7221, "premise": "Only one of the following statements about the failure of computer A is true", "hypothesis": "The true judgment is that the motherboard is broken.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10854, "premise": "Politician: Homelessness is a serious social problem, but further government spending to provide low-income housing is not the cure for homelessness. The most cursory glance at the real-estate section of any major newspaper is enough to show that there is no lack of housing units available to rent. So the frequent claim that people are homeless because of a lack of available housing is wrong.", "hypothesis": "The fact that homelessness is a serious social problem is compatible with either accepting the conclusion or with denying it.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6071, "premise": "After the four countries of Dali, Wu Yue, South Han to participate in the northwest, southwest, northeast, southeast and other four different alliances, and the four countries to participate in the alliance is different.First, only after joining the Southwest Alliance, the South Han can participate in the Northeast Alliance. Second, if Nanhan joins the Northeast Alliance, Dali will join the Southwest Alliance. Third, after that, Dali has at least one country participating in the Southwest Alliance. Fourth, if The South Han joins the Northwest or Southwest Alliance, Wu Yue will not participate in the Northwest or Southwest Alliance.", "hypothesis": "Based on the above statement, it can be concluded that South Han Sims does not participate in the Southwest Alliance.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5291, "premise": "The so-called control refers to the behavior of correcting the production and operation activities of the enterprise in order to achieve the planned goals of the enterprise. The purpose of control is to ensure that the actual production and operation activities of the enterprise are consistent with the expected goals.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The determined control target must be included in the possibility space of things development and change' is incorrect about control.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13011, "premise": "The only songs Amanda has ever written are blues songs and punk rock songs. Most punk rock songs involve no more than three chords. So if the next song Amanda writes is not a blues song, it probably will not involve more than three chords.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the argument that the next pet the Gupta family owns will probably be very noisy if it is not a fish is most similar to the reasoning in the argument that if the next pet the Gupta family owns is a parrot, it will probably be very noisy.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6166, "premise": "The photosynthesis of plants is the most effective process of fixing solar light energy on earth. The oil and natural gas consumed by humans are actually the direct or indirect products of plant photosynthesis in ancient times. The earth produces 173 billion to 220 billion tons of materials each year through photosynthesis, and the energy contained therein is equivalent to 10 to 20 times the total energy consumption of the world, but the current utilization rate is less than 3%. Photosynthesis is the best example of the efficient use of solar energy. Deciphering the mysterious mechanism of photosynthesis will lay the foundation for the establishment of an artificial photosynthesis system and the development of clean and efficient new energy.", "hypothesis": "The passage mainly says that the mechanism of plant photosynthesis is mysterious.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12779, "premise": "Employee: My boss says that my presentation to our accounting team should have included more detail about profit projections. But people' s attention tends to wander when they are presented with too much detail. So, clearly my boss is incorrect.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the employee's argument is flawed because it fails to consider that an audience's attention might wander for reasons other than being presented with too much detail.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6165, "premise": "In the era when the written language was not popular, folk tales assumed the function of cultivating the outlook on life, morality and ethics. Listening to stories is an important channel for people to learn traditional culture, natural knowledge, and philosophy of life. However, the rapid development of modern technology is profoundly changing people's lifestyles, and also greatly affecting people's acceptance habits and aesthetic tastes. At present, young people's perception and understanding of traditional culture is more through film and television works and the Internet. Through novels, video games and other channels, young people are becoming more and more unfamiliar with some classic images in traditional folk tales. Many experts and scholars say that it is urgent to salvage the lost folk tales.", "hypothesis": "Ways to make folk tales accepted by modern people is most likely to be talked about next.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7891, "premise": "Differential competition means that many enterprises in the same industry adopt flexible and personalized means to establish a good corporate image and win the market in the short-term fierce competition.", "hypothesis": "Under the condition that other real estate developers have reduced prices and promoted sales, a certain real estate has improved its quality and introduced famous school resources, so its sales volume is far ahead of other real estate developments in the same period belongs to differential competition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9766, "premise": "The frequent occurrence of violent injuries to doctors may have made many people feel powerless, but powerlessness does not mean that they are numb. According to the data released by the Supreme people's Procuratorate in March 2019, procuratorial organs prosecuted a total of 3202 people for crimes such as violent injury to doctors and gathering crowds to disturb doctors in 2018. Although the number has dropped by 29% compared with the same period last year, the absolute number is still not low. And this is only a case clearly brought into the judicial track. In this regard, of course, we can not exaggerate and magnify the conflict between doctors and patients, but in the governance side, we can not underestimate the probability of its occurrence. It is true that the professional environment of doctors and level of security doctors still need to be improved.", "hypothesis": "The governance of the relationship between doctors and patients still needs to be strengthened according to this passage.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14396, "premise": "Editorial: The premier' s economic advisor assures her that with the elimination of wasteful spending the goal of reducing taxes while not significantly decreasing government services can be met. But the premier should not listen to this advisor, who in his youth was convicted of embezzlement. Surely his economic advice is as untrustworthy as he is himself, and so the premier should discard any hope of reducing taxes without a significant decrease in government services.", "hypothesis": "Criticizing the source of a claim rather than examining the claim itself is a questionable argumentative strategy employed in the editorial's argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7947, "premise": "No matter what article is selected into the Chinese teaching material, it is no longer an independent work in the original sense, but an organic part of the whole teaching material system, which is the basis of basic skills training.", "hypothesis": "An organic part of the whole teaching material system refers to the reliance of basic skills training.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7961, "premise": "The Russian antivirus software provider Kaspersky Lab announced on June 15 that an international virus writing team named 29a has recently created the world's first virus that can be transmitted between mobile phones. Kaspersky Lab said that on the 15th, the 29a team sent the code of the worm called Kabil to some anti-virus vendors, who confirmed that the virus has the function of spreading between mobile phones.", "hypothesis": "The title 'Anti-virus manufacturers confirm that viruses can be transmitted between mobile phones' is the most suitable for the paragraph of text used as news in a newspaper.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11506, "premise": "The rate of health complications of patients on intravenous (IV) therapy at a particular hospital was higher than usual. Government inspectors found that the typical IV solutions used in this hospital had somewhat high concentrations of sodium and potassium, which were raising patients' blood pressure and taxing their kidneys. The government inspectors mandated lowering the sodium and potassium in these IV preparations, and threatened with a possible government fine. In compliance, the hospital lowered the sodium and potassium levels in the IV solutions to the correct levels. Nevertheless, patients on IV therapy at that hospital continued to have a high rate of health complications.", "hypothesis": "It is typical for a patient's appetite to increase to healthy levels once they have completed a course of IV therapy most helps to explain why acting on the government inspectors' recommendations failed to achieve its goal.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3578, "premise": "The leader of a certain unit decides to select several people from the six people of Wang, Chen, Zhou, Li, Lin, and Hu to perform an important task. The candidate to perform the task should meet all the following conditions: Only one of the two of Wang and Li needs to participate; Li , Only one of the two of Zhou will participate; Wang and Chen should have at least one of them; two of Wang, Lin, and Hu should participate; Chen and Zhou must either participate or not; if Lin participates, Li must join.", "hypothesis": "It can be concluded that Wang and Chen will not attend based on the information given.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6540, "premise": "The most difficult thing in China's reform is not to find problems and put forward countermeasures, but that this reform must consider the fundamental and long-term interests of 1.3 billion people. To avoid causing social unrest and intensifying contradictions is both positive and prudent. It is a belief that China has always adhered to in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, and it is also a magic weapon to overcome difficulties and overcome difficult problems all the way.", "hypothesis": "Based on the above conclusion, China must consider the reality of a large population in its reform.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12936, "premise": "In discussing the pros and cons of monetary union among several European nations, some politicians have claimed that living standards in the countries concerned would first have to converge if monetary union is not to lead to economic chaos. This claim is plainly false, as is demonstrated by the fact that living standards diverge widely between regions within countries that nevertheless have stable economies.", "hypothesis": "In attempting to refute the politicians' claim, the author gives an example of a state of affairs, assumed to be relevantly similar, in which the allegedly incompatible elements coexist.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12215, "premise": "In a recent study, researchers collected current prices for the 300 most common pharmaceutical drugs from the leading wholesalers specializing in bulk sales. It was found that these prices average 60 to 80 percent below the suggested wholesale prices listed for the same drugs in the current annual edition of a widely used, independently published pharmaceutical price guidebook.", "hypothesis": "Each of the following, if true, would help to explain the situation described above EXCEPT: Suggested wholesale prices for the most common pharmaceutical drugs tend to be less than those for less common pharmaceutical drugs.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 476, "premise": "It is reported that the global temperature has been rising continuously for more than 150 years due to the massive emission of greenhouse gases by human beings. However, compared with 1970-1998, the rise rate of the global surface average temperature has slowed down significantly since 1999, and the rise rate of the average temperature has not been obvious in the past 15 years, so the global warming is not so serious.", "hypothesis": " This phenomenon appeared in the 1950s and 1970s, and then began to accelerate warming weakens the above argument most.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11479, "premise": "Radioactive waste from nuclear power plants has been temporarily stored on-site, but this is not a satisfactory kind of place for long-range storage. Since no suitable plan of safe permanent storage of such waste from the nation' s existing and planned nuclear plants has been devised, some people propose that we should stop trying to develop such a plan and instead should shut down all present nuclear plants and build no new nuclear plants.", "hypothesis": "The proposal mentioned above falls short of offering a complete solution to the problem it addresses because it does not provide for the permanent storage of already-existing waste.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7656, "premise": "Conditional commitment refers to a commitment made by one party to the other party with conditions in social activities.", "hypothesis": "The boss of a company promised to give each outstanding employee a raise of 200 yuan per month is a conditional commitment.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9765, "premise": "Surveys show that in China, men are increasingly buying and using skin care products such as facial cleansers and toners, as well as cosmetics such as concealer or BB cream. At the promotion meeting of a large shopping mall, all the cosmetics on display are for men, and the shopping guides are all men with exquisite makeup. Within one hour of the Double Eleven in 2019, the transaction volume of male cosmetics by a large e-commerce company reached 44 times that of the same period of the previous year. The rapid growth of China's male cosmetics market is a reflection of consumer demand.", "hypothesis": "More and more young Chinese men are starting to use cosmetics can be inferred from the given information.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3536, "premise": "Mental illness is not a pathological concept, but a sociological concept. If a person is forcibly committed to a mental hospital by a family member or authority, that person can almost only be diagnosed as a Mental patient. The description of his symptoms by his family and authority is an important piece of information for judging whether he is mentally ill or not. And if he says he was persecuted and fought back, he fits the criteria of the psychiatric diagnosis of Paranoia, Maniaand the like. His right to self-defense is also nullified by this invincible logic: you say that you are not mentally ill, and you are, precisely at this time, because you refuse to admit that you are mentally ill -- a manifestation of mental illness; And you admit it, of course you are.", "hypothesis": "The expression of individuals who have been forced into a mental hospital is pale and feeble on the question of whether they have a mental illness can be inferred.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1733, "premise": "Qin Mu Gong asked Bole to recommend his successor. Bole said Jiufanggao could afford the post. Under the orders of Lord Mu, Jiufanggao went out to look for horses and returned three months later to say that the horses had been found. Mu Gong asked: where is the horse? Jiufanggao replied: yellow male horse. Mu Gong sent someone to pick up the horse, and the horse taker reported that it was a black mare. Mu Gong is not happy, responsibility Bole: the person you recommend can't even distinguish between the yellow and black male and female of a horse, how can you tell whether it is good or bad?As Jiufanggao observed, the mystery between heaven and earth: he got its subtlety, gave up its roughness, examined its interior and forgot its appearance, saw what he should have seen, but did not see what he did not have to see, inspected the places he should have explored, and abandoned the places he did not have to explore. People like Jiufanggao who are good at identifying Chollima are indeed more valuable than Chollima. When the horse arrives, it is really a good horse in the world.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Chollima cannot be distinguished by the color and gender of the horse' supports the main point above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2980, "premise": "All of Cuizhu's college classmates work in a German-funded enterprise. Xi Lan is a university classmate of Cuizhu, and Jian Song is the department manager of the German-funded enterprise. Some of the employees of the German-funded company are from Huai'an. The employees of the German-funded company have gone to Germany to study, and they all speak German.", "hypothesis": "Jian Song and Xilan are university classmates can be derived from the following statements.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12051, "premise": "A common genetic mutation that lowers levels of the enzyme cathepsin C severely reduces a person' s ability to ward off periodontitis, or gum disease. The enzyme triggers immunological reactions that destroy diseased cells and eliminate infections in the mouth. But researchers are developing ways to restore the enzyme to normal levels. Once that happens, we will be able to eliminate periodontitis.", "hypothesis": "A person whose cathepsin C level has been restored to normal will not suffer from periodontitis is an assumption on which the argument depends.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8781, "premise": "An authoritative opinion poll conducted an investigation into the causes of the 9/11 terrorist attacks around the world and found that 40% thought it was caused by the unfair foreign policy of the United States, 55% thought it was caused by the conflict between Islamic civilization and Western civilization, 23% thought it was caused by the evil nature of terrorists, and 19% did not express their opinions.", "hypothesis": "The most reasonable explanation for the apparent contradiction in the above statements is that some respondents later changed their views.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1826, "premise": "In 1923, the Preparatory Conference for the Unification of Mandarin decided to adopt the Beijing phonetic standard to promote language and dialect throughout the country, not as a tool of communication, but as a cultural carrier.At present, the miniaturization of dialects, even if the culture of one side fades, maintaining the coexistence of dialect national language and common language is conducive to maintaining cultural diversity. While popularizing Putonghua, dialects should also be given some room for expression.And the dialect is not large, applied to one side of the land, but also can enrich the color of the common language, such as happy to pay for the high and unfinished buildings and other words have entered the common language vocabulary, and have some development.", "hypothesis": "The gist of the above is that common language identification is conducive to improving the cultural level and scientific and technological development level of the whole nation.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2686, "premise": "Many adults often remember only a few famous sentences in the three hundred Tang Poems that they were familiar with when they were children, but do not know the author or the name of the poem. There are only three grades of master's degree students in the Chinese Department of School A, and the number of students in each grade is equal. Statistics show that all the first-year students can match the famous sentences in the book with the poem names and their authors; the second-year students in 2 /3 can correspond to the famous sentences in the book with the author; and the students in grade 3 in 1/3 can't match the famous sentences in the book with the names of poems.", "hypothesis": "According to the information above, students in the first and third grades above 2/3 in the Chinese department of the university can match the famous sentences in the book with the names of the poems.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 917, "premise": "The ratchet effect refers to the irreversibility of people's consumption habits after the formation, that is, it is easy to adjust upwards, but it is difficult to adjust downwards.", "hypothesis": " Boss Zhao's business failed. After selling his company's assets and real estate, he still owed the bank more than 200,000 yuan, but for the convenience of travel, he did not use his high-end car to repay the debt is eligible for the ratchet effect.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1839, "premise": "Japanese culture has been exerting a subtle influence on the West after the war and now it has increasingly become an important part of mainstream culture. Takashi Murakami, Nara Meiji and Haruki Murakami have become prominent symbols of popular culture in the world. The shadow of Japanese animation can be clearly seen in a number of Hollywood blockbusters such as the Matrix. And in these Japanese culture that affects the world (including China), what we see is not a very superficial chrysanthemum and knife and so on, but something more essential, and some things need to be carefully considered before we can really understand.", "hypothesis": "The main description of this passage is that Japan has changed its strategy and we must guard against deep cultural aggression.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8159, "premise": "The gold standard rule means that in terms of brand positioning and advertising performance, set up a statement for the brand that can make it better than similar brands, thus reflecting that the brand is superior and superior. The contents of the gold standard rule can be as follows: emphasize leadership and professionalism; highlight the superior quality of products; establish scientific rules of use; highlight the advanced nature of the brand in technology, technology, etc.; spread the egotistical brand value and image and so on.", "hypothesis": "The slogan of a health product 'Cranes dance in Changshan, my heart flies!' does not apply the gold standard rule according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 786, "premise": "Recently, a new supermarket was opened in Changning District of Shanghai. From the outside, it is a typical Chinese chain supermarket. The shelves are full of various food and daily necessities. All the goods in the store, the appearance is no different from ordinary goods, but the inside is empty, and there is no trace of unpacking on the packaging. Visitors have no idea how the goods were emptied. Although this is a goods-emptying supermarket, it is very popular.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The empty packagings are actually art products' can best explain the above phenomenon.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10852, "premise": "Certain bacteria that produce hydrogen sulfide as a waste product would die if directly exposed to oxygen. The hydrogen sulfide reacts with oxygen, removing it and so preventing it from harming the bacteria. Furthermore, the hydrogen sulfide tends to kill other organisms in the area, thereby providing the bacteria with a source of food. As a result, a dense colony of these bacteria produces for itself an environment in which it can continue to thrive indefinitely.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The bacteria can continue to thrive indefinitely only in an environment in which the hydrogen sulfide they produce has removed all oxygen and killed other organisms in the area' is most strongly supported by the information above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3533, "premise": "Household consumption refers to the total value of material and service products consumed directly by residents. It includes material consumption such as food and clothing in personal life, as well as all kinds of labor consumption.", "hypothesis": "Cultural and educational supplies purchased by the school is household consumption according to the above definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14062, "premise": "When an airplane is taken out of service for maintenance, it is often repainted as well, and during the repainting no other maintenance work can be done on the plane. In order to reduce maintenance time, airline officials are considering using a new nontoxic plastic film instead of paint. The film takes just as long to apply as paint does, but many other maintenance tasks can be carried out at the same time.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Unlike paint, the film gives a milky tone to certain colors' is further evidence that using the film will help the airline officials achieve their goal.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3703, "premise": "Heart disease is closely related to fat embolism in arteries. But a new study shows that fat molecules come not only from food, but also from certain bacteria in the mouth. Based on this, the researchers believe that oral disease is often associated with heart disease.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The lipid molecules produced by this bacteria are different from those in mammals and belong to a special bacterial family' can best support the above researchers' point of view.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3457, "premise": "The new socket products of a brand include lightning protection parts, which can ensure that the connected electrical appliances will not be damaged after lightning strikes. It was proposed that such parts should be installed in all socket products of the brand as standard accessories; Others believe that this will increase the product cost and reduce its price competitive advantage in the industry. Moreover, the domestic industry standard does not require the product to add lightning protection parts, so it is not necessary to install lightning protection parts.", "hypothesis": "If true, the fact that more and more sockets of other brands also began to add lightning protection components weakens the above objection most.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8252, "premise": "With the increase of the contribution rate of science and technology to economic and social development and the deepening of the involvement of science and technology in life, the relationship between ordinary people and science and technology has become closer. Popular science has increasingly become a common expectation of people when it comes to life. And this puts forward higher requirements for popular science innovation. Of course, the first thing to innovate in popular science is to update the ideas and contents of popular science in a timely manner, and to inform the public of the ever-changing achievements of scientific and technological development in an easy-to-understand way. At the same time, it also means the innovation of the forms and means of science popularization. Adding elements of literature and art is the proper meaning of the title_ _ The older generation of scientific workers are very good at borrowing the power of literature and art. For example, when we read Mr. Zhu Kezhen's popular science articles such as hurricane and cloud, we will be impressed by his accurate and vivid words.", "hypothesis": "The most appropriate thing to fill in the horizontal part of the painting is 'In fact, popular science itself is literary.'", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10351, "premise": "In the years after the implementation of the three-guarantee law in the United States, car companies suffered huge losses by paying refunds to returns. Therefore, before the implementation of the liability regulations for repair, replacement and return of Household Automobile products (referred to as the three-guarantee Law) in 2014, people in the industry predicted that the three-guarantee law would have a great impact on automobile manufacturers. However, over the past year since the implementation of the three-guarantee law, the reporter's survey of a number of 4S stores in Beijing, Sichuan and other places shows that the case of returning and changing cars according to the three-guarantee law is zero.", "hypothesis": "After the three guarantees law has been implemented one year, only 7% of consumers know about the rights and interests of the three-package before buying a car is the best explanation for the above anomaly.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6393, "premise": "Memory is divided into left brain memory and right brain memory, the so-called memory but not thinking ability, precisely because this memory is the memory of the left brain. If right brain memory is developed, things could be very different. Creativity is a property of the right brain, and right brain memory proficiency not only helps develop right brain memory, but also stimulates creativity, sensibility, inspiration and intuition.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Inspiration comes from the right side of the brain' is not true.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11864, "premise": "From an analysis of broken pottery and statuary, archaeologists have estimated that an ancient settlement in southwestern Arabia was established around 1000 B. C. However, new evidence suggests that the settlement is considerably older: tests show that a piece of building timber recently uncovered at the site is substantially older than the pottery and statuary.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The building timber bore marks suggesting that it had been salvaged from an earlier settlement' most seriously undermines the conclusion drawn from the new evidence.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 387, "premise": "At present, the most recognized theory about elementary particles is the standard theory. It was established about 30 years ago, and all discovered elementary particles can be explained according to this theory. For more than 100 years, protons, neutrons, electrons and other elementary particles have been discovered one after another. In the face of these achievements, some people believe that the elementary particles in the universe have been discovered almost, and even if there are, they can be explained by existing theories, Therefore, it will not bring too much surprise to people.", "hypothesis": "The newly discovered elementary particles do not match the prediction made by the standard theory can best refute the above point of view.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5136, "premise": "Since the value of the same real estate will be different at different times, the valuation is usually only an estimate of the value of the object at a specific time, and this time is called the valuation time point.", "hypothesis": "The statement \"According to different valuation purposes, the valuation time point can be in the past\" must be wrong.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7794, "premise": "In the process of studying the situation of a certain town, the following information has been obtained: (1) the villagers in the rich village of Zhang are very industrious; (2) some villagers in the relatively poor village of Li are also very industrious.", "hypothesis": "People who are very industrious but not Li Village must be villagers of Zhang Village can be inferred.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13962, "premise": "A recent magazine article argued that most companies that do not already own videoconferencing equipment would be wasting their money if they purchased it. However, this is clearly not true. In a recent survey of businesses that have purchased such equipment, most of the respondents stated that the videoconferencing equipment was well worth its cost.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the argument is flawed because it relies on a sample that it is reasonable to suppose is unrepresentative of the group about which it draws its conclusion.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3657, "premise": "A report that watermelons contain swelling agents may affect their health, which has little impact on consumers, and few consumers intend to change their buying habits of watermelons. Still, in July, a month after the report, watermelon sales in a large supermarket chain fell sharply.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'After mid-July, the large supermarket chain took the initiative to stop selling watermelons in order to show its responsibility to consumers' can best explain the above phenomenon.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1683, "premise": "Artificial intelligence refers to the intelligence shown by artificial systems. The core issues of artificial intelligence include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception, movement and the ability to manipulate objects.", "hypothesis": "The statement \"When playing human-computer games, Chinese chess programs can learn new tactics according to previous chess games, so as to avoid failure because of similar mistakes\" has nothing to do with artificial intelligence.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7139, "premise": "All senior students majoring in criminal investigation become policemen after graduation. Some policemen are party members, and senior students majoring in criminal investigation are not policemen.", "hypothesis": "Some party members are not senior students majoring in criminal investigation can be inferred from the above information.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3366, "premise": "Personal morality consists of moral cognition, moral emotion, moral will and moral behavior. Moral cognition is the primary link for the transformation of social moral requirements into personal internal morality and the basis for the formation of morality.", "hypothesis": "We should advocate the construction of basic ethics in the whole society is correct.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5287, "premise": "Social values are the concept of helping others held by social workers. It is a kind of altruism and respects the rights and choices of recipients. It believes that social work is a real service process, not the power of social workers in their hands.", "hypothesis": "Views on helping activities does not belong to social values.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12779, "premise": "Employee: My boss says that my presentation to our accounting team should have included more detail about profit projections. But people' s attention tends to wander when they are presented with too much detail. So, clearly my boss is incorrect.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the employee's argument is flawed because the argument fails to distinguish between more of something and too much of it.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9310, "premise": "One theater plans to present seven plays over seven weeks in the fall. They are F, G., J, K, O, R, S. There is one play a week, and each play runs exactly one week. The repertory must meet the following conditions :(1) G must be performed in the third week. (2) O and S cannot be performed continuously. (3) K must be staged before J and S. (4) F and J must be scheduled to perform in two consecutive weeks.", "hypothesis": "For any acceptable arrangement, G must happen to be scheduled the week before O.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1621, "premise": "If urban educational resources can be fairly distributed among different schools, there will be no difference between key schools and ordinary schools, and some teachers will not get rich due to the excessive accumulation of educational resources. If educational resources are fairly distributed among regions and mountain schools in remote areas can get more investment, rural education will not be so difficult.", "hypothesis": " The passage mainly talks about Equity of educational resources.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4100, "premise": "Since the implementation of the target responsibility system for the manager's tenure by Shipping Company A in the previous year, the company's economic benefits have also increased year by year. It can be seen that only the implementation of the target responsibility system for the manager's tenure can make Company A's economic benefits grow steadily.", "hypothesis": "The B Shipping Company, which has not implemented the tenure target responsibility system, has also steadily increased its economic benefits in the past two years can best weaken the above conclusion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9932, "premise": "People often use microwave ovens to heat food. Some people think that heating in a microwave oven changes the molecular structure of food and produces molecules that the human body cannot recognize. These strange formulas are unacceptable to the human body, and some are toxic and may even cause cancer. Therefore, people or animals who often eat microwave food will have serious physiological changes in their bodies, resulting in serious health problems.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Microwave only heats the water molecules in food, and there is no chemical change in food' best questions the above point of view.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7560, "premise": "Only by administering the rule of law can we fundamentally eradicate corruption; if we fail to eradicate corruption fundamentally, we will eventually lose the trust and support of the people. Only by winning the trust and support of the people can our cause have a solid political foundation.", "hypothesis": "If we do not implement the rule of law, we will eventually lose the trust and support of the people can be deduced based on the above statement.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5333, "premise": "Property income refers to the income derived from movable property (such as bank deposits, securities, etc.) and real property (such as houses, vehicles, land, collectibles, etc.) owned by the family.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, non-property appreciation income is not classified as property income.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 421, "premise": "A zoologist in the United States put a big mirror in front of the chimpanzee's cage to observe their reaction. They can recognize themselves from the mirror and often look into the mirror for parts they can't normally see. As a close relative of chimpanzees, gorillas don't have this ability.", "hypothesis": "Chimpanzees are better than gorillas in some aspects can be inferred.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2150, "premise": "After graduating from university, A, B and C choose to pursue different professions: teacher, lawyer and engineer. Other students made the following guess: Xiao Li: A is an engineer, B is a teacher. Xiao Wang: A is a teacher and C is an engineer. Xiao Fang: A is a lawyer and B is an engineer. It was later proved that Xiao Li, Xiao Wang and Xiao Fang were only half right.", "hypothesis": "The correct answer about the occupations A, B and C are engaged in respectively is that A is a teacher, B is a lawyer and C is an engineer.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2310, "premise": "Albatrosses belong to the order Procellariiformes, with a tubular nose and a keen sense of smell, and often fly long distances at sea in order to find food. The plastic trash floating on the sea doesn't look delicious, but why did the albatross eat it and pay a heavy price for it? The researchers believe the reason: for albatrosses, the plastic garbage smells delicious. Food signal is a chemical called dimethyl sulfide (D.MS), which is produced by marine phytoplankton.", "hypothesis": " Ingestion of plastic garbage will cause seabirds to have inconvenience, obstruction of the digestive tract, and chronic health damage does not support the researcher's point of view.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5453, "premise": "During his three years in office, the mayor has often been accused of sexist attitudes towards women. However, he has appointed five women in 19 senior positions in his management, and all of them are still in service, which shows that the mayor is not a sexist.", "hypothesis": "The statement \"The mayors of neighboring cities recently appointed seven women to senior positions\" most refutes the above conclusion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1279, "premise": "Generally speaking, broken objects are always unbeautiful. But how to explain the fact that the remains of so many ancient buildings, sculptures and even daily necessities are considered beautiful? It may be because these remains with aesthetic value are of great value, either because of their considerable scale, or because of important practical functions, such as magnificent palaces, mausoleums, temples, city walls, ancient bridges, ancient pagodas, etc., it contains the extraordinary wisdom and great hard work of our predecessors, whether it is destroyed in war or natural disasters, it will arouse people's regret and caress the remains to think of the whole. There are a large number of such ancient buildings in the UNESCO World Heritage project, such as the Great Wall of China, the Parthenon in Greece, Angkor Wat in Cambodia and so on.", "hypothesis": "The main content of this text is how to appreciate ancient architecture.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7216, "premise": "A company held a literature and art show. There were four groups of programs. Xiao Wang, Xiao Zhang, Xiao Zhao and Xiao Li drew lots to decide the performance sequence. Xiao Li at the front desk asked them who came first and who came later. Xiao Wang said, I'm the first to go on stage. Xiao Zhang said, I'm the third. Xiao Zhao said, I'm the fourth. Xiao Li said, anyway, I'm not the last.", "hypothesis": "If Xiao Zhang's words are false, the performance sequence of the four people can be inferred if only one of the four of them lied.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 27, "premise": "Black Americans suffer from high blood pressure twice as high as white Americans. This is also true when comparing Westernized African blacks with African whites. Researchers hypothesize that Westernized blacks suffer from high blood pressure due to two mutual interacted reasons, one is the high salt content of western food; the other is the adaptation mechanism of black genetic genes to the environment.", "hypothesis": "Considering health care, most African whites also pay attention to controlling salt intake best supports the researcher's hypothesis.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7174, "premise": "Environmentalists pay attention to the high cost of protecting endangered animals and propose that we should decide which animals to be protected by evaluating the value of various endangered animals to human beings. This method is not practical, because it is impossible to predict the future value of an animal. It is also impossible to evaluate the value of animals that make indirect but important contributions to human beings today.", "hypothesis": "The main argument of the above is that it is impossible to assess whether endangered animals are important to humans.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3536, "premise": "Mental illness is not a pathological concept, but a sociological concept. If a person is forcibly committed to a mental hospital by a family member or authority, that person can almost only be diagnosed as a Mental patient. The description of his symptoms by his family and authority is an important piece of information for judging whether he is mentally ill or not. And if he says he was persecuted and fought back, he fits the criteria of the psychiatric diagnosis of Paranoia, Maniaand the like. His right to self-defense is also nullified by this invincible logic: you say that you are not mentally ill, and you are, precisely at this time, because you refuse to admit that you are mentally ill -- a manifestation of mental illness; And you admit it, of course you are.", "hypothesis": "It can be inferred that family members or authorities send someone to a mental hospital just to get him timely and effective treatment.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11676, "premise": "Herbicides allow cereal crops to be grown very efficiently, with virtually no competition from weeds. In Britain, partridge populations have been steadily decreasing since herbicide use became widespread. Some environmentalists claim that these birds, which live in and around cereal crop fields, are being poisoned by the herbicides. However, tests show no more than trace quantities of herbicides in partridges on herbicide-treated land. Ttherefore, something other than herbicide use must be responsible for the population decrease.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Birds other than partridges that live in or around cereal crop fields have also been suffering population declines' most seriously weakens the argument about Britain.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7810, "premise": "Heavy snow, a number of highways have been closed. Some highway managers believe that if the highway is not closed, there will be major traffic accidents and huge losses of people's lives and property. However, many drivers disagree with this view.", "hypothesis": "Even if the highway is not closed, there will be no major traffic accidents is the view most likely to be agreed by these drivers based on the information provided.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12593, "premise": "Few animals brave the midday heat of the Sahara desert. An exception is the silver ant, which chooses this time of day to leave its nest and scout for food, typically the corpses of heat-stricken animals. Even the silver ant, however, must be careful: at such times they can become victims of the heat themselves.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The cues that silver ants use to navigate become less reliable as the afternoon progresses' least helps to explain the silver ant's choice of scavenging times.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10395, "premise": "Thomas Paine discusses the question of whether monarchy and hereditary system are reasonable in Common Sense. To those who believe that hereditary system is reasonable, Paine asks and answers, how did the original king come into being? There are only 3 possibilities either by lottery, or by election, or by usurpation, and if the first king was chosen by lot or by election this would set a precedent for later kings, thus denying hereditary practice. If the first king had been usurped, no one would have been so bold as to defend the hereditary throne.", "hypothesis": "The technique used in Paine's argument is arguing that a proposition does not hold by deriving a false conclusion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13331, "premise": "Driver: My friends say I will one day have an accident because I drive my sports car recklessly. But I have done some research, and apparently minivans and larger sedans have very low accident rates compared to sports cars. So trading my sports car in for a minivan would lower my risk of having an accident.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the driver's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that this argument misinterprets evidence that a result is likely as evidence that the result is certain.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8073, "premise": "Compared with offline teaching, due to the difference in time and space, online teaching relies more on the guidance and help of teachers, and has a greater demand for resources. However, in the era of knowledge economy, teachers have long ceased to be knowledge monopolies, and individuals in the network society may become both knowledge consumers and producers. Therefore, to promote the participation of social forces in the supply of online education resources, it is necessary to change the traditional education pattern of schools going alone, and to accept the online education services of enterprises with an open attitude. For example, schools can appropriately take the form of outsourcing, purchase online course services from educational institutions and enterprises that have passed the qualification review, and provide dual-engine-driven teaching services of intelligence + real people. In addition, the two sides can strengthen collaborative innovation in resource support, learning situation monitoring, evaluation feedback, etc., to promote the healthy development of online education.", "hypothesis": "The text is intended to illustrate the healthy development of online education requires the introduction of social forces.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3045, "premise": "Because of his contribution to science popularization and science communication, Dr. Zheng Yongchun of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences recently won the Karl Sagan Award from the Planetary Science Branch of the American Astronomical Society, which is gratifying, but in the face of this news, many friends in the scientific community have asked: how are Chinese scientists doing in science popularization? Observation and reflection tell us that China's science popularization work is not doing much, but too little; not doing well, but not enough; not better than, but losing to its counterparts in the world, at least much worse than the developed countries.", "hypothesis": "The author is most likely to tell the importance of popular science.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10708, "premise": "Scientists are discussing ways to remove excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by increasing the amount that is absorbed by plant life. One plan to accomplish this is to establish giant floating seaweed farms in the oceans. When the seaweed plants die, they will be disposed of by being burned for fuel.", "hypothesis": "If true, the statement 'Each year about seven billion tons of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere but only about five billion tons are absorbed by plant life' would indicate the most serious weakness in the plan above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11924, "premise": "Hospital auditor: The Rodriguez family stipulated that the funds they donated to the neurological clinic all be used to minimize patients' suffering. The clinic administration is clearly violating those terms, since it has allocated nearly one fifth of those funds for research into new diagnostic technologies, instead of letting that money flow directly to its patients. Clinic administrator: But the successful development of new technologies will allow early diagnosis of many neurological disorders. In most cases, patients who are treated in the early stages of neurological disorders suffer far less than do patients who are not treated until their neurological disorders reach advanced stages.", "hypothesis": "The main point at issue between the hospital auditor and the clinic administrator is whether the neurological clinic is adhering strictly to the conditions the Rodriguez family placed on the allocation of the funds they donated to the clinic.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7125, "premise": "Article 40 of the Constitution stipulates that the freedom and privacy of communication of citizens of the people's Republic of China are protected by law. No organization or individual may infringe on citizens' freedom and privacy of communication for any reason, except that the public security organ or procuratorial organ shall inspect communications in accordance with the procedures prescribed by law for the needs of national security or the investigation of criminal crimes.", "hypothesis": "No matter what reason, a municipal people's court shall not check the call records of Wang according to the above provisions.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14159, "premise": "Editorial: Teenagers tend to wake up around 8: 00 A. M. , the time when they stop releasing melatonin, and are sleepy if made to wake up earlier. Since sleepiness can impair driving ability, car accidents involving teenagers driving to school could be reduced if the school day began later than 8: 00 A. M. Indeed, when the schedule for Granville' s high school was changed so that school began at 8: 30 A. M. rather than earlier, the overall number of car accidents involving teenage drivers in Granville declined.", "hypothesis": " Many of the car accidents involving teenage drivers in Granville occurred in the evening rather than in the morning provides the most support for the argument in the editorial.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5938, "premise": "Grain can be traded in the futures market before harvest. If the rice production is predicted to be insufficient, the price of rice futures will rise; if the rice harvest is predicted, the price of rice futures will fall. Suppose this morning, Meteorologists predict that it will rain in rice producing areas tomorrow. Because sufficient rain is very important to the current growth of rice, today's rice futures prices will drop significantly.", "hypothesis": "Agricultural experts announced today that a rice germ is spreading weakens the above view most severely.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 37, "premise": "A researcher found that low-immunity persons score lower in mental health tests than high-immunity persons. The researcher's conclusion is that the immune system can not only defend against physical diseases, but also against mental diseases.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The human immune system is closely related to mental health' challenges the validity of the causal connection in the information above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7257, "premise": "Special family: refers to a family with no blood relationship between family members.", "hypothesis": "After Xiao Jiang's father died on duty, Xiao Jiang's mother took Xiao Jiang's grandmother and the three lived together is not a special family.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9139, "premise": "In ball games, it is wrong to use replay to decide a penalty, because no matter how many cameras follow the game on the field, some foul actions will inevitably be missed, and it is impossible to be aware of what happened to you in the past.", "hypothesis": "The most similar option to the above argument is \"Trial marriage is not immoral, because anyone who buys clothes can try it on.\"", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 242, "premise": "Many osseous remains have been found in caves with the remains of Pleistocene primates (some people think they are the ancestors of humans). From the frequency of the discovery of various bones, many animals died elsewhere, but only certain parts of the body was brought back to the cave. Therefore, Pleistocene primates must be good at hunting for bring back so many prey.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The prints on all bones, including the remains of Pleistocene primates, are the tooth prints of a large carnivore of that era' weakens the above conclusion the most.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4850, "premise": "The monitoring results of a city's environmental protection department show that in the first half of this year, the overall air quality of the city is at an excellent level. The number of days of serious pollution is less than 15 days, and the number of days of pollution is 4 days less than that in the same period last year.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The period of serious pollution in the city is generally in the second half of the year' best challenges the above conclusions.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5592, "premise": "The Dong Hu Lin people site is a human cultural site in the early Neolithic age. The human ossified stone found in the site is identified as two adult male individuals and one young female individual. A necklace made of small spiral shells is used at the neck of the girl's remains, and a bone bracelet made of cow ribs is worn at the wrist. This shows that human aesthetic consciousness has begun to sprout in the early Neolithic age.", "hypothesis": "Necklaces and bone bracelets are mainly used to express social status weakens the above judgment most.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6896, "premise": "When a cold snowstorm sweeps across the pasture, the temperature drops rapidly below zero, and the cattle usually turn their back to the storm and slowly move downwind, and when they are finally blocked by the fence, they have to huddle together, resulting in the death of a large number of cattle. But there is a kind of Hereford cattle that will face the storm side by side and bow their heads in the face of the blizzard, resulting in the lowest death rate and the least loss.", "hypothesis": "Meet on a narrow road, the brave wins is closest to the truth of this story.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}

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