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{"id": 13809, "premise": "The proportion of fat calories in the diets of people who read the nutrition labels on food products is significantly lower than it is in the diets of people who do not read nutrition labels. This shows that reading these labels promotes healthful dietary behavior.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the argument above is flawed in that the argument confuses a condition that is necessary for a phenomenon to occur with a condition that is sufficient for that phenomenon to occur.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11321, "premise": "Electrical engineers have repeatedly demonstrated that the best solid-state amplifiers are indistinguishable from the best vacuum-tube amplifiers with respect to the characteristics commonly measured in evaluating the quality of an amplifier' s musical reproduction. Ttherefore, those music lovers who insist that recorded music sounds better when played with the best vacuum-tube amplifier than when played with the best solid-state amplifier must be imagining the difference in quality that they claim to hear.", "hypothesis": "Some vacuum-tube amplifiers are clearly superior to some sold-state amplifiers with respect to the characteristics commonly measured in the laboratory to evaluate the quality of an amplifier's musical reproduction most seriously weakens the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5068, "premise": "A girl wanted to learn embroidery as a craft to make a living, but she couldn't afford to buy needles and fabrics, and there was no teacher to worship. She spent ten years embroidering for others for free. With the embroidery materials provided by others, she trained excellent embroidery skills, made a reputation, and accumulated a large number of patterns. Ten years later, she embroidered for people at a price higher than the market, and there are still many customers. Some scholars put forward the concept of embroidery, That is, at the beginning of one's career, one can rely on other people's resources, obligation or work for resource providers at a price lower than the market, so as to complete the accumulation of one's own skills, relationships, funds and other resources and obtain the success of career development.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, Xiao Liu is in line with the embroidery theory because he did planning and project design for many enterprises free of charge and entered the human resources department of a global top 500 enterprise after graduation.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2523, "premise": "Once Wang Ying did not participate in a class activity. Afterwards, the monitor asked Wang Ying, Why didn't you come to this class activity?", "hypothesis": "Wang Ying has been absent from past class activities must be presupposed for the monitor's questions.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 242, "premise": "Many osseous remains have been found in caves with the remains of Pleistocene primates (some people think they are the ancestors of humans). From the frequency of the discovery of various bones, many animals died elsewhere, but only certain parts of the body was brought back to the cave. Therefore, Pleistocene primates must be good at hunting for bring back so many prey.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The remains in the cave do not include the bones of an elephant from the same period as the Pleistocene primate' weakens the above conclusion the most.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 438, "premise": "The traditional view is that although the depleted uranium used in the manufacture of depleted uranium bombs has low radioactivity, it will still lead to the damage of human chromosomes and lead to tumors or cancer. However, in a recent study, researchers studied the blood cells of veterans exposed to depleted uranium bombs. So far, no chromosome breakage and duplication have been detected, no negative health effects caused by exposure to depleted uranium bombs have been found. Therefore, relevant researchers believe that depleted uranium bombs with low radioactivity will not affect human health.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'People who have not been exposed to depleted uranium bombs can also have tumors or cancers' would weaken the researcher's conclusion most.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10555, "premise": "Homesteads in rural my country are collectively owned and can only be used by farmers and cannot be bought, sold, leased or inherited. The homestead system guarantees the survival rights of farmers. The houses built by the farmers on the homestead are the assets of the farmers. If farmers are allowed to sell their houses, they are actually allowed to sell the right to use the homestead. If the right to use the homestead is bought by someone else, it will damage the survival rights of farmers. But if farmers are not allowed to sell their houses, it will infringe on farmers' asset rights.", "hypothesis": "If the above statements are true, the rights and interests of farmers' assets will be violated if the rights and interests of farmers' survival are not damaged.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12013, "premise": "High-technology medicine is driving up the nation' s health care costs. Recent advances in cataract surgery illustrate why this is occurring. Cataracts are a major cause of blindness, especially in elderly people. Ten years ago, cataract surgery was painful and not always effective. Thanks to the new technology used in cataract surgery, the operation now restores vision dramatically and is less expensive. These two factors have caused the number of cataract operations performed to increase greatly, which has, in turn, driven up the total amount spent on cataract surgery.", "hypothesis": "Ten years ago, cataract surgery was affordable for more people than it was last year can be inferred from the passage.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11971, "premise": "A decade can be characterized just like an individual. Decades have specific character and unique quirks. They all start with a departure from the past decade and develop their personality throughout their timespans. Just as people in their twilight years start to look back on the events of their lives, people at decade' s end__.", "hypothesis": "The argument suggests that people should become very interested in evaluating the events of the last decade in order to most logically complete the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7739, "premise": "Tea is a healthy drink that Chinese people love. After brewing and drinking the tea a few times, most people discard the leftover tea. An expert pointed out that in fact, the substances in tea that can be dissolved in water are limited, and a lot of them are nutritious. The substances still remain in the tea, it is a pity to throw away for nothing, people should eat the leftover tea.", "hypothesis": "Many non-nutritive substances in tea cannot be dissolved in water can best refute the expert's point of view.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 622, "premise": "The reverse fallacy refers to a logical error in judging whether an opinion is correct or not based on the result generated if a certain opinion is valid (or not).", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, the statement \"Because you are late, the customer is angry, and the company loses a big contract. Therefore, it's all your fault\" has reverse fallacy.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14301, "premise": "When an invading insect threatens an ant colony' s territory or food sources, the ants will vigorously swarm over the invader, biting or stinging it. This defensive tactic can effectively deter even aggressive flying insects, such as wasps. Ants do not attack all insects within their territory, however. For example, riodinid caterpillars commonly live harmoniously among South American ants. These caterpillars, which are a favorite prey of wasps, produce secretions the ants consume as food.", "hypothesis": "Riodinid caterpillars in South America that live among ants are less likely to be attacked by wasps than those that do not live among ants is most strongly supported by the information above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10581, "premise": "On average, American consumers buy a new computer every four years even though older computers are still perfectly capable of basic operations such as word processing and surfing the Internet. This is the case despite the fact that most computers are designed to work for approximately ten years.", "hypothesis": "The statements above, if true, best support the conclusion that computers utilizing the latest technology represent substantial functional upgrades from earlier computers.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 15094, "premise": "Economist: No economic system that is centrally planned can efficiently allocate resources, and efficient allocation of resources is a necessary condition for achieving a national debt of less than 5 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It follows that any nation with a centrally planned economy has a national debt that is at least 5 percent of GDP.", "hypothesis": "The pattern of reasoning exhibited by the economist's argument is most similar to that exhibited by the statement 'All rock stars who are famous have their own record companies, and all rock stars with their own record companies receive company profits over and above their regular royalties. This implies that receiving large regular royalties is a necessary condition of being a famous rock star.'", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8770, "premise": "A company has six general manager assistants F, G, H, I, M and P, and three departments. Each department is just under the charge of three general manager assistants. Each general manager assistant is in charge of at least one department. The following conditions must be met: (1) there is and only one general manager assistant in charge of three departments at the same time. (2) F and G are not in charge of the same department. (3) H and I are not in charge of the same department.", "hypothesis": "Some general manager assistants are in charge of two departments properly is a correct option.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11416, "premise": "A proposed amendment would allow the city council to decide that certain city elections be conducted solely by mail. But voting is a sacred right in democracies, one that has always been exercised by voting in person and not by mail. Ttherefore, voting by mail should not be allowed, and the proposed amendment should be rejected.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument presumes, without providing justification, that if citizens have always had a certain legal right, they will continue to have that right in the future.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11856, "premise": "Birds need so much food energy to maintain their body temperatures that some of them spend most of their time eating. But a comparison of a bird of a seed-eating species to a bird of a nectar-eating species that has the same overall energy requirement would surely show that the seed-eating bird spends more time eating than does the nectar-eating bird, since a given amount of nectar provides more energy than does the same amount of seeds.", "hypothesis": "The assumption that the time it takes for the nectar-eating bird to eat a given amount of nectar is not longer than the time it takes the seed-eating bird to eat the same amount of seeds is questionable and is relied on by the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12409, "premise": "The waters off the coast of Iceland are filled with pods of killer whales, which migrate there during the summer. Wildlife parks that rely on the killer whales for entertainment hunt the killer whale almost exclusively in the water of Iceland, because strict sanctions forbid them from doing so off the coast of North America, an area also abundant in killer whales. Since Iceland recently gave into pressure from international groups opposed to the hunting of killer whales, it too will forbid the hunting of killer whales off its coast. Ttherefore, all wildlife parks will be forced to end their shows featuring killer whales once their current killer whales are unable to perform.", "hypothesis": "It is nearly impossible to catch killer whales in deep waters, so hunters typically rely on luring killer whales into coves does not cast doubt on the conclusion of the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12118, "premise": "Research indicates that 90 percent of extreme insomniacs consume large amount of coffee. Since Tom drinks a lot of coffee, it is quite likely that he is an extreme insomniac.", "hypothesis": "It relies on evidence that does not indicate the frequency of extreme insomnia among people who drink large amounts of coffee most accurately describes a flaw in the argument's reasoning.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 15186, "premise": "A chemical present in all grapes helps reduce blood cholesterol in humans. The chemical is also present in red wine and grape juice, bECACAut not in white wine. Both red wine and grape juice are produced using whole grapes; white wine is produced without using the grape skins.", "hypothesis": "The information above, if true, most strongly supports the conclusion that the chemical that reduces blood cholesterol is found in the skins but not in other parts of grapes.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13842, "premise": "Psychiatrist: While the first appearance of a phobia is usually preceded by a traumatizing event, not everyone who is traumatized by an event develops a phobia. Furthermore, many people with phobias have never been traumatized. These two considerations show that traumatizing events do not contribute to the occurrence of phobias.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The reasoning in the psychiatrist's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument takes for granted that a type of phenomenon contributes to the occurrence of another type of phenomenon only if phenomena of these two types are invariably associated' is true.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 843, "premise": "Most high-priced sweaters are of good quality, and a few low-priced sweaters are of good quality. All good-quality sweaters are comfortable to wear.", "hypothesis": "According to the above proposition, sweaters that are comfortable to wear are not all good-quality sweaters can be deduced.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3871, "premise": "Privacy right refers to the right not to violate the law, in order to protect the reputation and image of the individual, to its personal behavior and personal materials confidential, not to let others illegally learned.", "hypothesis": "The star refused to disclose to a judicial authority the right to have a close relationship with a person suspected of corruption is a privacy right according to the above definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11075, "premise": "Quality control investigator: Upon testing samples of products from our supplier that were sent by our field inspectors from various manufacturing locations, our laboratory discovered that over 20 percent of the samples were defective. Since our supplier is contractually required to limit the rate of defects among items it manufactures for us to below 5 percent, it has violated its contract with us.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the quality control investigator's argument is flawed in that the argument overlooks the possibility that the field inspectors tend to choose items for testing that they suspect are defective.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9850, "premise": "The theory of mime means that the mutual behavior between people in social life is a kind of performance to some extent. Everyone, like an actor, performs to the audience on the stage according to the requirements of a certain role in a certain scene. In the whole process of performance, people always try to make their behavior closer to the role they want to present to the audience, and the audience sees the role rather than the actor itself. When the performance is over and the actor returns backstage, his true face is revealed, and the actor returns to his original self.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, Xiao Li coming to talk to Xiao Ming about his homework and Xiao Ming hiding his smelly socks under the bed does not prove the theory of mime.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7700, "premise": "Synaesthesia is a psychological phenomenon in which one sense causes another to change.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Camouflage clothing is a kind of uniform widely used in modern army' takes advantage of synaesthesia.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13754, "premise": "McBride: The proposed new fuel-efficiency standards, if implemented, will discourage the manufacture of full-size cars. This prospect is troubling because when a subcompact and a full-size car collide, the people in the subcompact are more likely to be seriously injured than if theirs had also been a full-size car. The new fuel-efficiency standards should ttherefore be opposed. Leggett: But whenever any two cars collide, it is more likely that someone will be seriously injured if one of the cars is a full-size car than if neither car is full-size. So the new fuel-efficiency standards should be supported precisely because they discourage the manufacture of full-size cars.", "hypothesis": "McBride's and Leggett's statements commit them to disagreeing about the truth of the statement 'The manufacture of full-size cars should be discouraged.'", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 810, "premise": "Reckless generalization refers to a logical error of making general conclusions hastily based on only a few cases without accumulating sufficient materials for generalization.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, it is not a rash generalization to say that it is easy to make money to be a wechat business. A relative of mine started to be a micro business at the beginning of the year, and now he has bought a car.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1216, "premise": "The study found that eating walnuts and other nuts for a long time can improve some indicators related to brain function, which is not the same as the expected brain tonifying function of walnuts. So far, there is no direct research evidence that eating walnuts can improve people's IQ or test scores in a short time. Moreover, most people's intelligence will peak around the age of 20~30. After that, it is difficult to improve. A correct diet, including daily intake of a small number of nuts such as walnuts, is indeed conducive to delaying the aging process of the brain and reducing the risk of diseases, including stroke. However, the effect of quick response, good memory and intelligent running up is just a beautiful imagination.", "hypothesis": "According to this passage, daily intake of an appropriate number of walnuts is conducive to delaying the aging process of the brain.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11121, "premise": "At Tromen University this semester, some students taking French Literature 205 are also taking Biology 218. Every student taking Biology 218 at Tromen is a biology major. Ttherefore, some of the students taking French Literature 205 are not French-literature majors.", "hypothesis": "At Tromen University, it is not possible to major in both biology and French literature is assumed to be true, which follows logically for the conclusion drawn above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2257, "premise": "The development gap measured by per capita income implies a difference in the structure of resource endowment, that is, developed regions have relatively rich capital factors, so they have a comparative advantage in capital-intensive industries. The relatively undeveloped regions have the comparative advantages of abundant labor and low production cost. The difference of resource endowment structure between the eastern and western regions can undoubtedly become the opportunity for the economic development of the central and western regions to catch up.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Developed regions are relatively short of labor' is not true.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4705, "premise": "Green science and technology refers to the science and technology that advocates a civilized lifestyle and moderate consumption mode, emphasizes the rational development and recycling of natural resources, develops clean production technology, pollution-free green products, enterprises implement green management and environmental governance, and maintains the sustainable development of human society.", "hypothesis": "Reduce the economic cost of raw materials is not a means to develop green science and technology according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 946, "premise": "The latest report by an international paleontology research team showed that the eunotosaurus living in South Africa 280 million years ago is the ancestor of modern tortoises. They survived the mass extinction from Permian to Triassic. At that time, in order to avoid the harsh natural environment, they worked hard to dig into the ground. At the same time, to ensure that their digging movement of forelimbs was strong enough, their body needed a stable support, which resulted in the continuous widening of their ribs. It can be concluded that the tortoise has a shell to adapt to the environment. And the shell is not for protection, but for digging holes underground.", "hypothesis": "The tortoise shell evolved from the tortoise's ribs which were gradually widened should be added as a prerequisite for the rationality of the above conclusion.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14971, "premise": "Egidio' s Gym has been in operation for seven years, and offers regular weekly weight training and aerobic classes, as well as occasional programs in dance and martial arts. The gym has seen a surge of new members in the past twelve months, despite keeping the same membership fee over the past three years. Of the 450 current members, more than 250 have joined in the past year. Clearly, the membership of Egidio' s Gym has risen a significant amount because of its superior facilities.", "hypothesis": "The assumption that none of the other gyms in this town saw any increase in membership during the past year is on which the argument depends.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3452, "premise": "Administrative License refers to a specific administrative act in which the administrative subject grants or confirms the legal qualification or legal right of the administrative counterpart to engage in certain activities by issuing licenses and other forms according to the application of the administrative counterpart and examination according to law under the general prohibition of law.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, after consulting the research plan of Professor Wang's human experiment in detail, the ethics review committee considered that it was in line with the ethical norms and approved the study does not involve administrative licensing.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6726, "premise": "At present, the materials used in artificial joints are no more than metal and plastic. As potassium, sodium, chlorine and other chemicals in the human body may cause corrosion and rust of metal materials and aging of plastics, the chemical properties of selected metals and plastics must be highly stable.", "hypothesis": "The main content of this text is that artificial joints must be made of metal.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2904, "premise": "When answering questions about enrollment, Mr. Gu from a certain university emphasized: Our school recruits some free normal students and some general normal students. Normally normal students are different from free normal students. Students who do not have free normal students can stay and work in big cities when they graduate. Normally, normal normal students can choose to stay in the big cities when they graduate.Any non-free teacher students need to self-employment when they graduate, and no free teacher students need to self-employment when they graduate.", "hypothesis": "According to Mr. Gu's statement, all normal normal students in this school need to seek self-employment can be derived.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9715, "premise": "Install a metal rod at the top of a tall building, connect it with a metal plate buried underground, and discharge through the tip of the metal rod to gradually neutralize the electricity carried by the clouds and the electricity on the ground, so as to protect the building from lightning.This phenomenon is known as the lightning rod effect in the management community. It refers to the method of management, that is, to conduct guidance before things happen, to prevent accidents or disasters before they occur, and to lead the positive development of the situation, that is, if it is good and good, it will certainly be peaceful if it can be guided.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, the option of 'In the reconstruction of a garage in a residential area, the property owner extensively solicited the opinions of the owners and reached a consensus so that the project could be carried out smoothly' has nothing to do with the lightning rod effect.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9776, "premise": "During the Han Dynasty, most of the supervisors were recommended by local officials. In order to ensure that the imperial history exercised the power of impeachment without restraint, the Sui and Tang dynasties changed the system in which the official was selected and appointed by the official department since the Northern Wei Dynasty, but the selection of the official department in the Tang Dynasty was actually controlled by the prime minister. In the Song Dynasty, most of the supervisors at the central level were promoted by emperors, while the local supervisors implemented the official self-selection system, which was directly appointed by the central supervisors, and the supervisory power got rid of the control of the prime minister's power. In order to prevent nepotism, there will also be some restrictions on qualifications and avoidance. For example, in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, great scholars were not allowed to serve as imperial magistrates, and in the Song Dynasty, relatives recommended by prime ministers as officials or prime ministers were not allowed to be imperial histories. In the Ming Dynasty, itinerant supervisors should avoid their places of origin, or had served as officials or lived in places.", "hypothesis": "The historical origin of the system of withdrawal from the posts of supervisors is the main content of this text.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1225, "premise": "Why has the completion of the main body of China's FAST (500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope) attracted warm attention at home and abroad? There are three reasons. First, it can see far. As the radio telescope with the largest caliber at present, FAST can theoretically receive electromagnetic signals beyond 13.7 billion light-years. Second, it is very flexible. FAST's cable net structure can change with the movement of celestial bodies, greatly improving the observation efficiency. Third, it is high precision. FAST's structure has millimeter accuracy requirements everywhere: it is used to weave steel cables as thick as the arm of the cable net, the machining accuracy is controlled within 1mm. The final accuracy of the antenna is 3mm and the manufacturing accuracy of the small panel is 1.5mm. All this means that we will be able to listen to the voices from deeper in the universe and observe the more hidden mysteries of the universe.", "hypothesis": "The most suitable title for the above text is 'China's FAST has three advantages'.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14893, "premise": "The Central City Church building was recently damaged by a fire that occurred overnight. The insurance company will not pay on a claim if it is determined that a fire was started deliberately. Since nobody was in the Central City Church building at the time the fire swept through the structure, the insurance company will most certainly reimburse the church for the damage caused by the fire.", "hypothesis": "The assumption that the fire was not deliberately started by someone who then left the building before the fire grew is required to reach the conclusion above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9895, "premise": "There are thousands of genes in nature. Which genes are the most common and abundant? After successfully decoding a large number of genomes, a research institute found the answer: transposons, known as selfish DNA. The abundance and breadth of transposon genes indicate that they play a vital role in evolution and the maintenance of biodiversity.Biology textbooks generally believe that the enzyme that can fix carbon dioxide in photosynthesis is the most abundant enzyme on earth, and some scholars have speculated that the genes that can encode this enzyme should also be the most abundant. But the study found that transposons, known as junk DNA, instead dominate the known genetic world.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Different enzymes may have the same gene to encode' can best support the speculation of the scholar(there is a version of the findings of the study).", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14968, "premise": "Climatologists believe they know why Earth has undergone a regular sequence of ice ages beginning around 800, 000 years ago. Calculations show that Earth' s orbit around the Sun has fluctuations that coincide with the ice-age cycles. The climatologists hypothesize that when the fluctuations occur, Earth passes through clouds of cosmic dust that enters the atmosphere; the cosmic dust thereby dims the Sun, resulting in an ice age. They concede, however, that though cosmic dust clouds are common, the clouds would have to be particularly dense in order to have this effect.", "hypothesis": "Large bits of cosmic rock periodically entering Earth's atmosphere, raising large amounts of dust from Earth's surface would lend support to the climatologists' hypothesis EXCEPT.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4140, "premise": "A semiconductor is a substance that conducts electricity between a metal and an insulator.", "hypothesis": "According to this definition, the statement 'A solution is less conductive than a metal and is not an insulator. So, the solution is a semiconductor' is wrong.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10651, "premise": "Despite the best efforts of journalists to be objective, it is inevitable that their own biases will enter their reporting, even if inadvertently. Ttherefore, it is imperative that a trained editor look over journalists' work with an eye toward detecting and removing their biases, so as to make reporting as objective as possible.", "hypothesis": "Each of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends EXCEPT: Trained editors are able to detect at least some biases of journalists.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3578, "premise": "The leader of a certain unit decides to select several people from the six people of Wang, Chen, Zhou, Li, Lin, and Hu to perform an important task. The candidate to perform the task should meet all the following conditions: Only one of the two of Wang and Li needs to participate; Li , Only one of the two of Zhou will participate; Wang and Chen should have at least one of them; two of Wang, Lin, and Hu should participate; Chen and Zhou must either participate or not; if Lin participates, Li must join.", "hypothesis": "It can be concluded that Li, Lin will not attend based on this.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7990, "premise": "This year, 11 college entrance examination champions were rejected by the University of Hong Kong due to unsatisfactory interview results. This is the same phenomenon as mainland universities chasing high-scoring candidates for recruiting champion candidates, and the phenomenon of champion scholars in the college entrance examination. There is a sharp contrast. This move has caused a great uproar, and the media have pointed the finger at examination-oriented education. The author believes that the admissions of Hong Kong University and quality education are not directly related. They only admit students according to their own requirements. This kind of standard is only the standard of Hong Kong.as to whether it is the best or whether it is suitable for the situation in the mainland. it's a matter of opinion.", "hypothesis": "The opinion supported by the author is that the reason why the University of Hong Kong did not admit the No. 1 Scholars was that they did not meet the admission criteria of the university.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5825, "premise": "The invitation tender is a kind of trading method in which the tenderer does not go through the general transaction consultation procedure before buying and selling bulk commodities, contracting construction projects or cooperating in a certain business, but invites the applicant to submit an offer to compete publicly, and finally the tenderer chooses the object of the transaction to make a contract.", "hypothesis": " Boss Zhang intends to issue a notice of bidding for the construction project of the city's villa group to units with corresponding construction qualifications inside and outside the province is the invitation tender.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9460, "premise": "The family intends to travel to Northern Europe together, and each expresses the following wishes: Father: If they go to Norway, they will not go to Denmark and Iceland; Mother: If they do not go to Iceland, they will go to Norway and Denmark; Son: If they do not go to Norway, they will go to Sweden and Iceland. Finland.", "hypothesis": "The final solution fulfills the wishes of Finland, Denmark and Iceland.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13994, "premise": "Mysterious ancient tracks cut into limestone have recently been found on the island of Malta. The tracks wander, sometimes disappearing under modem structures. Their origin and purpose are unknown, but evidence indicates that they could have connected settlements or water sources. One archaeologist hypothesizes, based on the tracks' physical appearance and surroundings, that they were made in about 1000 B. C. by animal-drawn carts.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Some of the tracks connect areas that are sources of fresh water on Malta today' most helps to support the archaeologist's hypothesis mentioned above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11093, "premise": "The Ergonomic Society conducted a study that indicated that many people develop severe back problems during adulthood, and that virtually all such people who received chiropractic treatment showed great improvement. Ttherefore, in order to minimize the proportion of the population that suffers from back pain, the Ergonomic Society recommended that chiropractic treatment be directed toward those adults who suffer from severe back problems.", "hypothesis": "Individuals who receive chiropractic or other treatment prior to developing severe back problems are not less likely to develop back pain than those who do not is an assumption on which the argument depends.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12890, "premise": "Oceanographer: To substantially reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth' s atmosphere, carbon dioxide should be captured and pumped deep into the oceans, where it would dissolve. The cool, dense water in ocean depths takes centuries to mix with the warmer water near the surface, so any carbon dioxide pumped deep into oceans would be trapped there for centuries.", "hypothesis": "Carbon dioxide dissolved in cool, dense water in ocean depths will not escape back into Earth's atmosphere a long time before the water in which that carbon dioxide is dissolved mixes with warmer water near the surface is an assumption that the oceanographer's argument requires.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14461, "premise": "In polluted environments, dolphins gradually accumulated toxins in their body fat, and the larger the dolphin the more accumulated toxin it can tolerate. Nearly 80 percent of the toxins a female dolphin has accumulated pass into the fat-rich milk her nursing calf ingests. Ttherefore, the unusually high mortality rate among dolphin calves in the industrially contaminated waters along Florida' s Gulf Coast is probably the result of their being poisoned by their mother' s milk.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The survival rate of firstborn dolphin calves in the area along Florida's Gulf Coast is highest for those whose mothers were killed before they were weaned' most strengthens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8608, "premise": "Recently, a research team surveyed 519 young people between the ages of 18 and 25 who had never smoked traditional cigarettes by means of a questionnaire. The survey included these young people's e-cigarette use and intention to smoke traditional cigarettes. Wait. Among young people who have never smoked traditional cigarettes, those who are vaping are more likely to try traditional cigarettes, and regulatory policies on e-cigarettes should pay attention to protecting young people, the study said.", "hypothesis": "The statement '20% of respondents have tried e-cigarettes or are likely to try e-cigarettes in the future' best supports the above conclusion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11956, "premise": "Only a minority of those who engage in political action do so out of a sense of social justice. Ttherefore, some people who have a sense of social justice do not engage in political action.", "hypothesis": "The argument that some of the decisions regarding school curricula should be made without regard for the wishes of the children's parents uses flawed reasoning most similar to that used in the argument above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5909, "premise": "Unfair competition refers to enterprise uses improper or unfair means to increase the market share of its products, creating an unfair market environment for competitors that produce similar products, and seriously harming the interests of its competitors.", "hypothesis": "By definition, investing a lot of money to develop the key technology of a very large computer, applying for patents, and dominating the field in the 1990s is not unfair competition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13628, "premise": "Most serious students are happy students, and most serious students go to graduate school. Furthermore, all students who go to graduate school are overworked.", "hypothesis": "All overworked students are serious students can be properly inferred from the statements above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13795, "premise": "Dietitian: It is true that nutrients are most effective when provided by natural foods rather than artificial supplements. While it is also true that fat in one' s diet is generally unhealthy, eating raw carrots (which are rich in beta carotene) by themselves is nonetheless not an effective means of obtaining vitamin A, since the body cannot transform beta carotene into vitamin A unless it is consumed with at least some fat.", "hypothesis": "The statement that fat in one's diet is generally unhealthy is cited as a bad reason for adopting a dietary habit that the dietitian recommends.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7425, "premise": "Every morning, the mother makes breakfast for her son in primary school. Five kinds of breakfast are noodles, dumplings, porridge, fried rice with eggs, pancakes, etc., but she only makes one of them for her son every day. It is known that: (1) making noodles is easier, twice a week, twice a week, three days apart in a week, (2) making porridge is made the day before or after the first noodle making, only once a week. (3) dumplings are also made only once a week, but this time is only once before the second noodle making. (4) making fried rice with eggs is also limited to four days apart from the day the first noodle is made in a week.(5) there was a time when the cake was made before the first time it was made noodles.", "hypothesis": "According to the above statement, Thursday dumplings are correct assuming that Monday is the first day of the week.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1511, "premise": "Personal income tax reform is an integral part of the reform of the fiscal and taxation system. From October 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018, taxpayers will calculate the tax amount proportionally based on the remaining income after deducting 5000 yuan from their monthly salary, salary scale and other income. However, since China's personal income tax accounts for only about 7% of the total tax revenue, it is only through the personal income tax reform to achieve a more reasonable goal of wealth adjustment, From this point of view, raising the threshold of individual income tax is only the first step to improve the income distribution system.", "hypothesis": "The reform of individual income tax is the key to the reform of fiscal and tax system is intended to illustrate that.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10517, "premise": "A school has seven outstanding students G, H, L, M, U, W and Z. During the summer vacation, the school will send them to England and the United States to study. Only these seven students from the school took part in the activity, and each of them happened to go to one of the two countries. Considering the specialty of each student, the following conditions must be met in this activity: (1) if G goes to the England, then H goes to the United States. (2) if L goes to England, then both M and U go to the United States. (3) the country where W goes is different from that of Z. (4) the country where U goes is different from that of G. (5) if Z goes to the England, H also goes to the England.", "hypothesis": "G and W cannot go to the United States together.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10773, "premise": "Essayist: Only happiness is intrinsically valuable; other things are valuable only insofar as they contribute to happiness. Some philosophers argue that the fact that we do not approve of a bad person' s being happy shows that we value happiness only when it is deserved. This supposedly shows that we find something besides happiness to be intrinsically valuable. But the happiness people deserve is determined by the amount of happiness they bring to others. Ttherefore, __.", "hypothesis": "The judgment that a person deserves to be happy is itself to be understood in terms of happiness most logically completes the final sentence of the essayist's argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14470, "premise": "While sales of other highly fuel-efficient automobiles are in decline, sales of the Hydro are rising. The Hydro' s manufacturers attribute its success to the Hydro' s price and very low fuel consumption. However, the Hydro is comparable in price and fuel efficiency to its competitors, so it is more likely that its success is due to the fact that people want to appear environmentally conscious to their neighbors.", "hypothesis": "The Hydro is the most popular highly fuel-efficient automobile available is an assumption required by the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5690, "premise": "Submissive interaction refers to the action process with the same nature or the same direction among actors, which often has three forms: sending signals or hints to others intentionally or unintentionally and causing others to respond; Act in the way of others without consideration; Actors accept the way others act under pressure from others and do so.", "hypothesis": "Xiao Wen is not satisfied with the new tutor, but he still starts the tutor course because of the painstaking efforts of his parents and the tuition fees he has paid does not belong to submissive interaction according to the above definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4853, "premise": "Mr. Zhao, Mr. Qian, Mr. Sun and Mr. Li took part in a skills competition and won the first four places in the competition. It is understood that their relationship is as follows. First, Mr. Sun and Mr. Li often meet to play basketball together. Second, the first and third place just met in this competition; Third, the second can't ride a bike, nor play basketball; Fourth, Mr. Zhao's rank is higher than That of Mr. Qian. Fifth, Mr. Qian and Mr. Li ride bicycles to work together every day.", "hypothesis": "According to the above conditions, the correct order of winners for the first, second, third and fourth places in this competition is Mr. Sun, Mr. Zhao, Mr. Qian, and Mr. Li.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3456, "premise": "Consequential offense refers to a crime in the objective aspect of the crime composed of harmful acts and harmful results. The completion of consequential crime requires not only criminal acts, but also legal criminal results. Without harmful results, the objective aspects of the crime will not be complete, or the elements of the objective aspects of the crime will not be complete. The result of consequential crime refers to tangible and measurable specific harmful results, It is the result consistent with the nature of the crime.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, falsely accusing and framing someone is not a consequential offense.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 474, "premise": "Primary group refers to the social group formed by face-to-face interaction with close interpersonal relationship and strong emotional color. Secondary group refers to the social group whose members gather together for a specific goal and form a formal relationship through clear rules and regulations.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, Xiao Zhang's playmates established a wechat group relates to secondary groups.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6774, "premise": "The Ministry of Environmental Protection interviewed the city's top officials and opened a new model of environmental governance. But public interview is not a long-term environmental governance model. For now, public interviews are aimed at specific environmental issues. Specific environmental governance is important, but environmental governance is not only a solution to specific environmental problems, but also related to the whole environmental system, the goals and strategies of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and local environmental governance and the relationship between government environmental governance and public rights and interests. After the public interview, the superficial environmental problems may be solved quickly, but the deep-seated problems of local construction are not solved and the triggers of environmental problems always exist.", "hypothesis": "Environmental interviews should not be limited to solving specific environmental problems is an accurate understanding of this passage.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14418, "premise": "The reforms to improve the quality of public education that have been initiated on the part of suppliers of public education have been insufficient. Ttherefore, reforms must be demanded by consumers. Parents should be given government vouchers with which to pay for their children' s education and should be allowed to choose the schools at which the vouchers will be spent. To attract students, academically underachieving schools will be forced to improve their academic offerings.", "hypothesis": "In selecting schools, the argument assumes that parents would tend to prefer a reasonable level of academic quality to greater sports opportunities or more convenient location.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12321, "premise": "Last year, pharmaceutical manufacturers significantly increased the amount of money they spent promoting new drugs, which they do mainly by sending sales representatives to visit physicians in their offices. However, two years ago there was an average of 640 such visits per representative, whereas last year that figure fell to 501. So the additional promotion must have been counterproductive, making physicians less willing to receive visits by pharmaceutical sales representatives.", "hypothesis": "Most pharmaceutical manufacturers increased the size of their sales forces so that their sales representatives could devote more time to each physician, which most weakens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 735, "premise": "The traditional view is that the high content of egg yolk cholesterol is the culprit directly causing hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and stroke. Therefore, many middle-aged and elderly people dare not eat egg yolk. Recently, nutritionists organized a team to study the relationship between egg yolk and cholesterol, and conducted a six-month experiment on 116 men aged 50 to 65.", "hypothesis": "The statement that the cholesterol content in the subjects did not change after half a year will weaken the traditional view most.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2487, "premise": "The basketball team coach stipulates that if player No. 1 plays and player No. 3 does not play, at least one of players No. 5 and No. 7 must play.", "hypothesis": "If the coach's regulations are implemented, the sufficient conditions for No. 1 player not to play is No. 3 played, No. 5 and No. 7 play.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13553, "premise": "Claude: When I' m having lunch with job candidates, I watch to see if they salt their food without first tasting it. If they do, I count that against them, because they' re making decisions based on inadequate information. Larissa: That' s silly. It' s perfectly reasonable for me to wear a sweater whenever I go into a supermarket, because I already know supermarkets are always too cool inside to suit me. And I never open a credit card offer that comes in the mail, because I already know that no matter how low its interest rate may be, it will never be worthwhile for me.", "hypothesis": "The principle that \"in professional decision-making contexts, those who have the responsibility of judging other people's suitability for a job should not use observations of job-related behavior as a basis for inferring general conclusions about those people's character\" can most reasonably be interpreted as the principle that Larissa invokes to criticize Claude's policy through the two analogies she offers.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 88, "premise": "Will the technological revolution aggravate unemployment? This is a problem that has plagued people for a long time. From some statistics, people have found an interesting phenomenon. Although the United States has invested heavily in computer technology and other areas over the past years, its current unemployment rate (approximately 5.5%) is not higher than the unemployment rate in the early 1960s, while the unemployment rate in Western Europe is 11%, where investment in computers has always been less than in the United States.", "hypothesis": "Development of information technology will not increase unemployment can be logically deduced from the above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11121, "premise": "At Tromen University this semester, some students taking French Literature 205 are also taking Biology 218. Every student taking Biology 218 at Tromen is a biology major. Ttherefore, some of the students taking French Literature 205 are not French-literature majors.", "hypothesis": "The conclusion drawn above follows logically if it is assumed to be true at Tromen University that there are more biology majors than there are French-literature majors.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11035, "premise": "Formal performance evaluations in the professional world are conducted using realistic situations. Physicians are allowed to consult medical texts freely, attorneys may refer to law books and case records, and physicists and engineers have their manuals at hand for ready reference. Students, then, should likewise have access to their textbooks whenever they take examinations.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the argument is questionable because the argument fails to consider the possibility that the purposes of evaluation in the professional world and in school situations are quite dissimilar.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7744, "premise": "Value self-identifications means that people often overestimate the value of their actions and obtain happiness and beauty from it.", "hypothesis": "Lao Zhao's work winning the second prize of the Provincial Calligraphy Association and his determination to strive for a higher award next year can be considered value self-identifications.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13196, "premise": "Federal investigators, called in at the request of the management of Ploutos National Bank, recently apprehended a ring of seven embezzlers from among the bank' s employees. The bank management decided to call in the federal investigators when they were unable to account for millions of dollars missing in their budget for this year. All the funds those seven individuals embezzled have been returned to the bank, and that accounts for about two thirds of the total amount missing. All seven of the accused have plea-bargained to avoid trial and are now serving in prison on reduced sentences.", "hypothesis": "The conclusion that Federal investigators have the means at their disposal to detect any large illegal transfers of money can most properly be drawn from the information above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10873, "premise": "People who have spent a lot of time in contact with animals often develop animal-induced allergies, a significant percentage of which are quite serious. In a survey of current employees in major zoos, about 30 percent had animal-induced allergies. However, a zoo employee who develops a serious animal-induced allergy is very likely to switch to some other occupation.", "hypothesis": " Among members of the general population who have spent as much time with animals as zoo employees typically have, the percentage with animal-induced allergies is significantly more than 30 percent receives the strongest support from the information given.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8968, "premise": "There are seven candidates hired by Haier: F, G, H, I, W, X and Y, of which one needs to be assigned to the public relations department, three to the production department and three to the sales department. The personnel allocation of these seven employees must meet the following conditions: (1) H and Y must be assigned to the same department. (2) F and G cannot be assigned to the same department. (3) if X is assigned to the sales department, W is assigned to the production department. (4) F must be assigned to the production department.", "hypothesis": "G and X cannot be assigned to the sales department.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12418, "premise": "Twenty years ago the Republic of Rosinia produced nearly 100 million tons of potatoes, but last year the harvest barely reached 60 million tons. Agricultural researchers, who have failed to develop new higher-yielding strains of potatoes, are to blame for this decrease, since they have been concerned only with their own research and not with the needs of Rosinia.", "hypothesis": "Wide fluctuations in the size of the potato crop over a twenty-year period are not unusual is an assumption on which the argument depends.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4329, "premise": "W-12 is a virus that seriously harms the growth of grains and causes a large reduction in grain production every year. Scientists have found that inserting a gene extracted from W-12 into a grain gene that is susceptible to infection can make The grain produces antibodies to W-12, which greatly reduces losses.", "hypothesis": "When plants acquire antibodies against certain viruses through genetic mutations, they will increase their resistance to certain other viruses does not strengthen the above conclusion if the following items are true.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4566, "premise": "Pregnant women are prone to vitamin deficiency. Some people believe that this is not caused by lack of vitamins in the diet, but usually due to the large demand for vitamins when babies grow up in the abdomen.", "hypothesis": "One pregnant woman and one non pregnant woman with sufficient vitamins in their diet were tested to determine whether they were deficient in vitamins is the most important operation in order to evaluate the accuracy of the above conclusions.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13828, "premise": "Modern navigation systems, which are found in most of today' s commercial aircraft, are made with low-power circuitry, which is more susceptible to interference than the vacuum-tube circuitry found in older planes. During landing, navigation systems receive radio signals from the airport to guide the plane to the runway. Recently, one plane with low-power circuitry veered off course during landing, its dials dimming, when a passenger turned on a laptop computer. Clearly, modern aircraft navigation systems are being put at risk by the electronic devices that passengers carry on board, such as cassette players and laptop computers.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'After the laptop computer was turned off, the plane regained course and its navigation instruments and dials returned to normal' LEAST strengthens the argument above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4207, "premise": "Educational balance refers to ensuring equal rights and obligations to citizens or future citizens through laws and regulations, providing relatively equal educational opportunities and conditions through policy formulation and adjustment and resource allocation, and achieving a relative balance of educational effects and opportunities for success with an objective and fair attitude and scientific and effective methods.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, the statement \"A school requires all teachers to publish a paper each year, otherwise the next year's assessment will be considered unqualified, the school will not hire\" is not part of implementing educational balance.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14161, "premise": "Storytelling appears to be a universal aspect of both past and present cultures. Comparative study of traditional narratives from widely separated epochs and diverse cultures reveals common themes such as creation, tribal origin, mystical beings and quasi-historical figures, and common story types such as fables and tales in which animals assume human personalities.", "hypothesis": "Storytellers have long understood that the narrative is a universal aspect of human culture is supported by the evidence cited above from the study of traditional narratives.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14902, "premise": "The top 50 centimeters of soil on Tiliga Island contain bones from the native birds eaten by the islanders since the first human immigration to the island 3, 000 years ago. A comparison of this top layer with the underlying 150 centimeters of soil -- accumulated over 80, 000 years -- reveals that before humans arrived on Tiliga, a much larger and more diverse population of birds lived there. Thus, the arrival of humans dramatically decreased the population and diversity of birds on Tiliga.", "hypothesis": "Many of the bird species that disappeared from Tiliga did not disappear from other, similar, uninhabited islands until much later most seriously weakens the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12958, "premise": "Civil libertarian: The categorical prohibition of any nonviolent means of expression inevitably poisons a society' s intellectual atmosphere. Ttherefore, those advocating censorship of all potentially offensive art are pursuing a course that is harmful to society. Censorship advocate: You' re wrong, because many people are in agreement about what constitutes potentially offensive art.", "hypothesis": "The censorship advocate's rebuttal is flawed because it relies on an irrelevant reason for rejecting the civil libertarian's argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8632, "premise": "Research suggests that compounds in meat may trigger wheezing in some children, which can lead to asthma or other respiratory problems. These compounds, known as advanced glycation end products, are released when meat is grilled at high temperatures. So eating a vegetarian diet or eating less meat can protect children from asthma risk.", "hypothesis": "Scientists have shown that advanced glycation end products in the body come mainly, but not exclusively, from meat most questions the above statement.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12278, "premise": "Many parents rigorously organize their children' s activities during playtime, thinking that doing so will enhance their children' s cognitive development. But this belief is incorrect. To thoroughly structure a child' s playtime and expect this to produce a creative and resourceful child would be like expecting a good novel to be produced by someone who was told exactly what the plot and characters must be.", "hypothesis": "It fails to consider the possibility that something could enhance a child's overall cognitive development without enhancing the child's creativity and resourcefulness is the ground on which the argument is most vulnerable to criticism.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3219, "premise": "The production line of a factory will discharge a large amount of waste, resulting in air pollution. In order to force the factory to change the production process and reduce pollution, local residents decided to boycott the fluorescent lamp, the product with the largest sales volume of the factory, because residents believe that boycotting the product with the largest sales volume can reduce the profits of the factory to the greatest extent.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The boycott only considers the sales volume of products and cannot infer their corresponding profits' most questions the above inference.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10820, "premise": "A certain credit-card company awards its customers bonus points for using its credit card. Customers can use accumulated points in the purchase of brand name merchandise by mail at prices lower than the manufacturers' suggested retail prices. At any given time, ttherefore, customers who purchase merchandise using the bonus points spend less than they would spend if they purchased the same merchandise in retail stores.", "hypothesis": "The assumption that the merchandise available to the company's credit-card customers using the bonus points is frequently sold in retail stores at prices that are higher than the manufacturers' suggested retail prices is on which the argument depends.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10925, "premise": "Environment minister: Because of our concern about global warming, this country has committed itself to reducing its emissions of carbon dioxide substantially over the next ten years. Since trees absorb carbon dioxide, planting large numbers of trees will help us fulfill our commitment.", "hypothesis": "If true, the statement that many climate researchers believe that global warming is such an urgent problem that carbon dioxide emissions should be substantially reduced in less than ten years would most weaken the environment minister's argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14335, "premise": "In the last decade there has been a significant decrease in coffee consumption. During this same time, there has been increasing publicity about the adverse long-term effects on health of the caffeine in coffee. Ttherefore, the decrease in coffee consumption must have been caused by consumers' awareness of the harmful effects of caffeine.", "hypothesis": "The statement \"Heavy coffee drinkers may have mild withdrawal symptoms, such as headaches, for a day or so after significantly decreasing their coffee consumption\" most seriously calls into question the explanation above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1965, "premise": "In recent years, Guangzhou's economy is undergoing a profound transformation. Prior to this, Guangzhou, as an important global trade center, gathered more of the global flow of goods and people. The construction of a hub network city in Guangzhou is aimed at bringing together more important capital and intellectual (technical) elements to form a global hub for the allocation of high-end elements. At the same time, the industrial structure of Guangzhou is also accelerated to optimize. On the basis of the original automobile, daily chemical and other advantageous industries, the terminal industry and high-end industry, which represent the future industrial direction, are being introduced into Guangzhou and realizing cluster development, thus making up for the industrial deficiency that has existed for a long time in this city.", "hypothesis": "The most suitable title for this paragraph is \"The future development trend of Guangzhou Industrial system.\"", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1162, "premise": "As a force, cultural power is not a force of direct effect, and its manifestation must be through certain genres or media, either enduring people's ideas or spiritual ideas, or materialized in certain material or spiritual products, and cultural power really exists only through spiritual or material carriers, that is to say, cultural power is not an immediate and obvious force. It is impossible for people to control and control things at will, which is one of the root reasons why people's understanding of cultural power has been very vague for thousands of years.", "hypothesis": "The expression of cultural power is various is expressed by the author in this passage.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14766, "premise": "The chemical adenosine is released by brain cells when those cells are active. Adenosine then binds to more and more sites on cells in certain areas of the brain, as the total amount released gradually increases during wakefulness. During sleep, the number of sites to which adenosine is bound decreases. Some researchers have hypothesized that it is the cumulative binding of adenosine to a large number of sites that causes the onset of sleep.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Stress resulting from a dangerous situation can preserve wakefulness even when brain levels of bound adenosine are high' provides the most support for the researchers' hypothesis.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6372, "premise": "The key exhibition hall of the museum basically has no divided space, which ensures the smooth and spacious exhibition hall as far as possible. And put the obvious specimens in the most eye-catching position in this exhibition hall, which allows the audience to see the most wonderful display as soon as they enter the exhibition area. In every big space. Appropriate use of the wrong layer of the way to open up an interactive area. Special introduction of relevant scientific knowledge, at the same time, this wrong layer is also a good watch viewing point of view.", "hypothesis": "The combination of space and interaction is a characteristic of museum exhibits according to the article.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 15204, "premise": "A survey of alumni of the class of 1960 at Aurora University yielded puzzling results. When asked to indicate their academic rank, half of the respondents reported that they were in the top quarter of the graduating class in 1960.", "hypothesis": "A disproportionately large number of high-ranking alumni responded to the survey most helps account for the apparent contradiction above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9801, "premise": "Mr. Zhang intends to buy several kinds of flowers, and his intention is as follows: (1) buy at most one kind of rose and tulip; (2) buy at least one kind of peony, rose and daisy; (3) buy at least two kinds of tulips, daisies and lilies; and (4) if you buy tulips, do not buy peonies.", "hypothesis": "Mr. Zhang has bought at least one kind of daisies and roses according to the above intention.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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