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pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
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pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, respiratory disorder caused by the filling of large groups of alveoli with excessive amounts of surfactant, a complex mixture of protein and lipid (fat) molecules. The alveoli are air sacs, minute structures in the lungs in which the exchange of respiratory gases occurs. The gas molecules must pass through a cellular wall, the surface of which is generally covered by a thin film of surfactant material secreted from the alveolar cells. When too much surfactant is released from the alveolar cells, or when the lung fails to remove the surfactant, gas exchange is greatly hindered and the symptoms of alveolar proteinosis occur.
The disease manifests itself in laboured breathing at rest or shortness of breath with exertion, and it is often accompanied by chest pain and a dry cough. There may also be general fatigue and weight loss. The skin becomes tinged with blue in the most serious cases, an indication that blood is not being adequately oxygenated or rid of carbon dioxide. X-rays most frequently show evidence of excess fluids in the lungs.
The precipitating cause of the disease is unknown. Persons affected are usually between 20 and 50 years of age. The disease can exist without causing symptoms for considerable periods, and spontaneous improvement has been known to occur; it is sometimes fatal, but rarely so, if treated. Treatment involves removal of the material by a rinsing out of the lungs (lavage). One lung at a time is rinsed with a saltwater solution introduced through the windpipe. The fluids drawn back out of the lungs have been found to have a high content of fat. Sometimes the lesions totally clear up after one procedure, but subsequent treatments are often necessary.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/86496
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ex dividend
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The topic ex dividend is discussed in the following articles:
• TITLE: dividend (finance)
...the dividend. If the stock is purchased between the date of record and the date the dividend is to be paid, the buyer does not receive the recently declared dividend, and the stock is said to sell ex dividend, or “without dividend.” When a stock sells ex dividend, its price is usually reduced by the amount of the dividend.
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Book of Kings
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Anglo-Norman literature
• TITLE: Anglo-Norman literature
SECTION: Religious and didactic writings.
In the 12th century the oldest substantial Anglo-Norman prose work, “The Book of Kings,” was written in England, as were many versions of the Psalter. Sanson de Nanteuil translated into verse the proverbs of Solomon, with commentary; and in the 13th century Robert of Greatham wrote the “Sunday Gospels” for a noble lady. The same century saw the beginning of the...
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/86498
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Written by Giuseppe Tucci
Written by Giuseppe Tucci
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Written by Giuseppe Tucci
Table of Contents
Buddhism, religion and philosophy that developed from the teachings of the Buddha (Sanskrit: “awakened one”), a teacher who lived in northern India between the mid-6th and the mid-4th centuries bce (before the Common Era or Christian era). Spreading from India to Central and Southeast Asia, China, Korea, and Japan, Buddhism has played a central role in the spiritual, cultural, and social life of Asia, and during the 20th century it spread to the West.
Ancient Buddhist scripture and doctrine developed in several closely related literary languages of ancient India, especially in Pali and Sanskrit. In this article Pali and Sanskrit words that have gained currency in English are treated as English words and are rendered in the form in which they appear in English-language dictionaries. Exceptions occur in special circumstances—as, for example, in the case of the Sanskrit term dharma (Pali: dhamma), which has meanings that are not usually associated with the English “dharma.” Pali forms are given in the sections on the core teachings of early Buddhism that are reconstructed primarily from Pali texts and in sections that deal with Buddhist traditions in which the primary sacred language is Pali. Sanskrit forms are given in the sections that deal with Buddhist traditions whose primary sacred language is Sanskrit and in other sections that deal with traditions whose primary sacred texts were translated from Sanskrit into a Central or East Asian language such as Tibetan or Chinese.
The foundations of Buddhism
The cultural context
Buddhism arose in northeastern India sometime between the late 6th century and the early 4th century bce, a period of great social change and intense religious activity. There is disagreement among scholars about the dates of the Buddha’s birth and death. Many modern scholars believe that the historical Buddha lived from about 563 to about 483 bce. Many others believe that he lived about 100 years later (from about 448 to 368 bce). At this time in India, there was much discontent with Brahmanic (Hindu high-caste) sacrifice and ritual. In northwestern India there were ascetics who tried to create a more personal and spiritual religious experience than that found in the Vedas (Hindu sacred scriptures). In the literature that grew out of this movement, the Upanishads, a new emphasis on renunciation and transcendental knowledge can be found. Northeastern India, which was less influenced by the Aryans who had developed the main tenets and practices of the Vedic Hindu faith, became the breeding ground of many new sects. Society in this area was troubled by the breakdown of tribal unity and the expansion of several petty kingdoms. Religiously, this was a time of doubt, turmoil, and experimentation.
A proto-Samkhya group (i.e., one based on the Samkhya school of Hinduism founded by Kapila) was already well established in the area. New sects abounded, including various skeptics (e.g., Sanjaya Belatthiputta), atomists (e.g., Pakudha Kaccayana), materialists (e.g., Ajita Kesakambali), and antinomians (i.e., those against rules or laws—e.g., Purana Kassapa). The most important sects to arise at the time of the Buddha, however, were the Ajivikas (Ajivakas), who emphasized the rule of fate (niyati), and the Jains, who stressed the need to free the soul from matter. Although the Jains, like the Buddhists, have often been regarded as atheists, their beliefs are actually more complicated. Unlike early Buddhists, both the Ajivikas and the Jains believed in the permanence of the elements that constitute the universe, as well as in the existence of the soul.
Despite the bewildering variety of religious communities, many shared the same vocabulary—nirvana (transcendent freedom), atman (“self” or “soul”), yoga (“union”), karma (“causality”), Tathagata (“one who has come” or “one who has thus gone”), buddha (“enlightened one”), samsara (“eternal recurrence” or “becoming”), and dhamma (“rule” or “law”)—and most involved the practice of yoga. According to tradition, the Buddha himself was a yogi—that is, a miracle-working ascetic.
Buddhism, like many of the sects that developed in northeastern India at the time, was constituted by the presence of a charismatic teacher, by the teachings this leader promulgated, and by a community of adherents that was often made up of renunciant members and lay supporters. In the case of Buddhism, this pattern is reflected in the Triratna—i.e., the “Three Jewels” of Buddha (the teacher), dharma (the teaching), and sangha (the community).
In the centuries following the founder’s death, Buddhism developed in two directions represented by two different groups. One was called the Hinayana (Sanskrit: “Lesser Vehicle”), a term given to it by its Buddhist opponents. This more conservative group, which included what is now called the Theravada (Pali: “Way of the Elders”) community, compiled versions of the Buddha’s teachings that had been preserved in collections called the Sutta Pitaka and the Vinaya Pitaka and retained them as normative. The other major group, which calls itself the Mahayana (Sanskrit: “Greater Vehicle”), recognized the authority of other teachings that, from the group’s point of view, made salvation available to a greater number of people. These supposedly more advanced teachings were expressed in sutras that the Buddha purportedly made available only to his more advanced disciples.
As Buddhism spread, it encountered new currents of thought and religion. In some Mahayana communities, for example, the strict law of karma (the belief that virtuous actions create pleasure in the future and nonvirtuous actions create pain) was modified to accommodate new emphases on the efficacy of ritual actions and devotional practices. During the second half of the 1st millennium ce, a third major Buddhist movement, Vajrayana (Sanskrit: “Diamond Vehicle”), or Esoteric Buddhism, developed in India. This movement was influenced by gnostic and magical currents pervasive at that time, and its aim was to obtain spiritual liberation and purity more speedily.
Despite these vicissitudes, Buddhism did not abandon its basic principles. Instead, they were reinterpreted, rethought, and reformulated in a process that led to the creation of a great body of literature. This literature includes the Pali Tipitaka (“Three Baskets”)—the Sutta Pitaka (“Basket of Discourse”), which contains the Buddha’s sermons; the Vinaya Pitaka (“Basket of Discipline”), which contains the rule governing the monastic order; and the Abhidhamma Pitaka (“Basket of Special [Further] Doctrine”), which contains doctrinal systematizations and summaries. These Pali texts have served as the basis for a long and very rich tradition of commentaries that were written and preserved by adherents of the Theravada community. The Mahayana and Vajrayana/Esoteric traditions have accepted as Buddhavacana (“the word of the Buddha”) many other sutras and tantras, along with extensive treatises and commentaries based on these texts. Consequently, from the first sermon of the Buddha at Sarnath to the most recent derivations, there is an indisputable continuity—a development or metamorphosis around a central nucleus—by virtue of which Buddhism is differentiated from other religions.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/86551
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Julie Bort
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Twitter has already built a great service to track what people are saying in real-time. But knowing where they're saying it could be even more valuable. So as Twitter continues to build out its product, adding location data to tweets will be an important move.
The good news is that Twitter seems to be moving in that direction. For instance, the company has recently hired a new member for its platform team with a background in location services: Ryan Sarver, who most recently worked at Boston-based Skyhook Wireless. That's the company whose wi-fi-based location service powers Apple's iPod touch and helps out on the iPhone, among other gadgets.
And at a recent conference, Twitter's API lead Alex Payne reportedly said the company "would make other changes to support search, including adding location based info to each Tweet." So it seems geotagging tweets is an area the company will be investing in sooner than later.
There is already some location information attached to each tweet -- via the "location" field that's attached to your Twitter profile. Right now, that data can be used in an advanced Twitter search, or for developers, via a call to Twitter's search API. But in most cases, that's something you've entered by hand, and is very broad: "New York, NY" or "Paris, France." And sometimes, it's useless. My Twitter location is "NYC via Chicago," which is how I choose to describe myself. But that's not going to help Twitter much.
To make location more useful within Twitter, it's probably going to have to actually get your real-time location -- or an approximation -- for each tweet.
That will be relatively easy to do on mobile phones with GPS or other location features, such as Apple's (AAPL) iPhone or Google (GOOG) Android-powered devices. Today, iPhone apps like Tweetie and Twitterfon can already get your location. And the next version of MobileSafari will also be able to tap into the GPS.
But on older phones, or via text messaging, Twitter may have to figure something else out. One option could be making deals with mobile carriers to get approximate coordinates for your location, but we're not sure if carriers would want to offer that information for free.
Meanwhile, on a desktop or computer, it's also tricky, but not impossible. For instance, there are ways to figure out roughly where you are over the network. Major League Baseball uses a technology they patented to figure out where your computer is -- to decide if you're allowed to stream live baseball games online, or if you're in a local-TV blackout area. Other technologies exist, such Skyhook's Loki, and if Twitter (or popular desktop apps like TweetDeck) can figure out a way to get more people to install it, it might just work.
What's the point? Besides making Twitter more interesting to users -- get a glimpse of nearby tweets, see which friends are in the neighborhood, etc. -- it might also become more powerful for corporations, which Twitter will try to recruit as paying members later this year.
For instance: Filter only nearby tweets about local businesses, see what people in Denver are saying about Sprint or Verizon service, or see if different parts of the country like a certain TV show or music artist more than others. And if Twitter ever hopes for a future in local advertising, knowing someone's location will be especially important.
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: transaxle shift relays?
05-19-04, 07:40 AM
:hmm: I read near the end of this article, that through the PCM OVERRIDE control in the climate control panel, you can access the values for the transaxle shift relays.... does this mean that you can actually access and change shift points??? seems possible, but I haven't tried anything... just read it off this board. i've found quite a few great things out here, thanks to everyone that's helped (BBOBYINSKI, yer the man!!) this is the article i'm referencing http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.babcox.com/editorial/us/elements/100232e.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.babcox.com/editorial/us/us100232.htm&h=201&w=238&sz=26&tbnid=yyPWmDSXxSIJ:&tbnh=87&tbnw=103&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnorthstar%2Bengine%26start%3D20%26hl% 3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26safe%3Doff%26sa%3DNp
I've got the earlier OBD I ('94 eldo) if i'm about to step into something ugly, please somebody let me know. i'm skeptical, since i've only had my eldo for about 3 years and haven't done a whole lot of research, that I'd have found some little secret that nobody else figured out yet. probably not, but it's worth askin, right? if it is possibly, any info/pointers would help immensely. also, i have a buddy who picked up a '94 fleetwood for $1900!!!!! (i didn't have the cash so i brought this guy to the lot where she sat.... still kicking myself.) i know this is off topic, but quick mod/performance tips would help. i'll post on that board too.
thanks again everybody.
and, PS.:lildevil: I think we should all get together and murder caddy's management. or at least take away their toys....not only did they kill the greatest sports car/land yacht mix that's ever been built (the mighty eldo)... not only do they make an SUV.... BUT THAT DAMNED "THING" IS A MINIVAN. wake up and smell the soccer balls. the SRX is a minivan. fast and comfy... but still. have they no shame??
thanks again for readin my rant.
05-19-04, 11:55 AM
In the onboard diagnostics you can override the shift solenoids and control them "manually" thru the onboard diagnostics....in effect you are just overriding the automatic PCM control of the solenoids and controlling them using the same electronics...just they react when you punch the buttons. This is purely a diagnostic tool to test the solenoids and the wiring and electronics to the solenoids...i.e...this lets you test the PCM, the electronic drivers in the PCM that activate the solenoids, the wiring to the solenoids, etc....it does not in any way reprogram or affect the shift points. Sorry.
The SRX a minivan...????...you must be driving a different SRX than I drove yesterday. Far from a minivan. It will run rings around any minivan and certainly is much more stylish and functional as a car than any minivan.... It isn't for everyone...but who said Cadillac should make just one type of vehicle...???
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Skip to Navigation | Skip to Content
75th Anniversary: Publications
Theatre and Identity: A Ramble
By Jessica Powell '72
I am sitting backstage, in the cramped space that passes for both green room and coed dressing area in a converted storefront in Old Oakland, cramming for my next audition by the dim light of my makeup mirror. Stacked against a far wall are flats, lumber, wiring, rolled carpet strips, tubing--all the detritus of a small theatre that's forced to use its backstage as the scene shop. Huge, red-painted steel beams make a gigantic "X" from floor to high ceiling directly in front of the dressing area, and Terry, our Saladin, has thoughtfully duct-taped thick foam at head-height. No doubt the beams are earthquake retrofitting, and they're tested during the run when a largish tremor passes beneath us. Everyone, backstage and on, freezes for a moment, then goes on.
In front of the lumber stacks, someone has erected our "pillars of nutrition": two 12" dia. cardboard construction tubes with a short plank on top, holding the various offerings cast members have made toward the general welfare. Tonight it's a tub of Trader Joe's licorice, some dark chocolate-covered soy nuts (also TJ's), a tube of dark chocolate Droste pastilles (note the theme here), the remainders of a box of "Cutie" tangerines, a can of mixed nuts, and someone's Peet's coffee cup, Starbucks being a dirty word in these parts.
We're performing Nathan the Wise by Gotthold Lessing, given a brisk and witty new translation (Edward Kemp's, for those interested) from its original 18-century German iambic pentameter, and the company is a plucky one-man affair whose artistic director chooses timely, well-written plays on politics, justice, race, and equality. Soon I'll enter as the Jewish merchant Nathan's Christian housekeeper, trying not to trip over the pipe in the narrow walkway or someone's errant purse in the up left entrance. For this I make minimum wage for my 20-hour week but, alas, no credits toward my union health insurance or pension. Still, the three of us who are Actors' Equity do it because it's good stuff, it's meaningful and we hope important, and hey - it's work. Plus, the audience obviously identifies with it, laughing, nodding, murmuring with recognition.
For the 30-plus years since I left Calvin, I've been paid to be someone else. These have included five or six mythical creatures; a wolf; various mothers, wives, and aunts; young girls; some women of questionable background; a couple of murder victims; quite a few men (seven in a three-year period); a mysterious vamp; brisk and bossy housekeepers; queens, countesses, and duchesses; an explorer; and a dirt-poor factory worker with blue hands that glowed in the dark. I have been world-weary, romantic, commanding, angry, wry, murderous, zealous, jealous, puzzled, loyal, faithless, encouraging, despairing, exultant. In other words, I have been ... us.
Often, during those 30 years, I've wondered why I chose this life, as certainly not the most
qualified Thespian of that era: the racing heart and dry mouth before the first entrance; the auditioning and the waiting; the demon of self-doubt who sits on my shoulder and whispers, "You can't really do this, you know"; the disappointment when the casting director calls to say they "decided to go in a different direction" (what - east? southwest?); the constant need to find the next job, and the next. But sometimes, the really juicy role comes. And once in awhile, there's a performance when everyone - actors, audience, musicians, tech crew - breathes as one being and the words soar and are caught and tossed back, and relationships crackle, and the very air might burst into flame. We are "riding the dolphin," as I call it, totally in harmony. The story is being told and accepted, and that is why I do it.
I do it because the story must be told. I once believed that the strongest negative human force in the world was fear; certainly it's at the heart of many evils. But I'm beginning to think that the strongest positive human force is the overwhelming urge to tell our stories. We are constantly watching movies, television, plays, operas; reading books; writing journals. The Resistance Museum in Oslo, Norway has many striking exhibits, but the display that stays with me is the diary kept by a prisoner using the only media available: a straight pin with which he pricked his words onto toilet paper. We have to tell- and hear - our stories because that's how we learn they're all our stories, the universal stories.
I do it because human behavior fascinates me - not just my characters', but that of the people around me. "Why did he say that? How does she react? What do they do then? Where did that action spring from? What does that look on her face mean? Is she thinking of someone she loves? Is he telling the truth? Does he even know if he is or not? Can I understand this moment? Can I identify with this bit of humanity? Does it reaffirm me, or awaken a new knowledge in me? Does it help me know who I am? Is this story like my story?"
Sometimes a character comes and "sits on my head"; other times I have to wrestle her (or him) off the page. Most of the information comes from my character's words or actions, or what the other characters say about or do to mine, and how mine reacts. That gets filtered through my own observations and experience, and then I can add the fun stuff-, the "what ifs." "What if this aging Irish woman was once the belle of County Sligo? And she married an Englishman and her whole community rejected her, so they sailed for America, but she still dreams of the dances and the fiddles?" "What if Goneril were abused in her childhood but always, only, wanted her father's love?"
I do it because I yearn to communicate. We have to accommodate this powerful need to tell and hear the story. Maybe the reason I've tried to learn different languages (French, American Sign, Italian) is because I want to know what other people think, what they eat, what's different about their lives and their worldview, and at bottom, what's the same.
The differences are often delightful (peanut butter is hard to come by in Italy, but the fresh ricotta is a revelation), yet it's discovering the similarities that make us nearly weep with Joy.
Why is that? Because in recognition there's safety? "The more similar you are to me, the less of a threat"? If you're like me, you therefore understand me, and if you understand me - see me, acknowledge me, accept me - you confirm my identity. In some way, you complete me.
In 1993, I toured Bay Area schools with a production of Ed Mast's beautiful children's play, Wolf Child: The Correction of Joseph. Our director said she chose the play partly because of its poignant opening line, which she knew would resonate with every child (and every adult, for that matter). The Stranger, who plays several roles but also hovers, watching, outside the action, stands alone at the beginning of the play and addresses the audience:
"I am not like you. I am here [touching head] and here [touching heart] have different."
Joseph is a "wild child," raised by wolves before being taken in by a minister's family. At first, Joseph communicates easily with his wolf family by howling, but his new human family (who all wear identical half-masks) tries to civilize him and teach him human language.
At one point, Joseph hears the guns of the hunters who killed his wolf mother, and panics. As the minister's daughter comforts him, the Stranger, unseen by them, removes her mask, and suddenly Joseph sees that they're alike. Soon, all of the humans have removed their masks. But when the minister's rigorous and uncompromising educational methods fail, Joseph runs back to the forest, only to find that the wolves now wear masks, and they cannot understand each other's howls. He has lost the ability to communicate clearly in any society. So he wanders the world as the Stranger, unable to tell his story, knowing only that he is unlike us.
Once we've communicated these stories to each other, what else are we looking for? Well, truth is a biggie, but here things get really complicated. During our tour of Wolf Child ... , we always held a Q&A. After the first week, I became the default answer-giver for the question always asked by some kid, no matter how privileged or tough the neighborhood, no matter how young or old: "Is this a real story?"
I learned to answer that, while parts of it were based on a real story ("wild child" Victor d'A veyron), all of it was true in the sense that, as Madeleine L'Engle said, it resounded in our hearts and minds as identifiable right from that first line: "I am not like you."
German protege, Heisenberg, visited his Danish mentor in occupied Copenhagen. Margrethe opens the play by asking,
But why? .... Why did he come to Copenhagen ... ?
Bohr: He did explain later.
Margrethe: He explained over and over again. Each time he explained it became more obscure .
Bohr: . . . I doubt if he ever really knew himself.
By the time we closed after 73 performances, I'd realized that we can never know the truth of what we do because most of the time, we hide our real motives from ourselves as soon as the action is finished or the words said, if not before. As with Heisenberg's famous uncertainty principle, the very act of observing our motives obscures them. Nevertheless, the characters circle "back and back again," searching, lapsing into their personal silences until finally concluding:
Bohr: Before we can lay our hands on anything, our life's over.
Heisenberg: Before we can glimpse who or what we are, we're gone and laid to dust. ...
Bohr: When no more decisions, great or small, are ever made again. When there's no more uncertainty, because there's no more knowledge.
Grim as this sounds, the characters have finally come to an uneasy, exhausted acceptance of themselves and each other. They've told their stories, identified or defended what rang false, insisted on digging deeper.
I do it because I had to try. Still have to, in fact. My plan had been to teach English in high school, which is certainly a worthy aspiration. But I loved theatre even though it terrified me, and I didn't want to die wondering what would have happened if I'd given it a shot.
Besides, Ervina Boeve apparently thought I could get somewhere, and she helped me line up auditions for acting schools and coached my monologues. I can still see her face on one of those days, her eyes incredibly intense, pushing me for more, bigger, truer. Ervina's idea of me - her image of me - has been one of those that sustained me then and now. For we do depend on other people to affirm for us who we are and what we can do. Her vision of me is still a goal I hope to fulfill.
Identity, truth, self-knowledge are slippery concepts. This has, indeed, been a ramble, but I can't end without telling this awful old theatre joke:
Director (to actor auditioning for a role): How old are you?
Eager Actor: How old do you want me to be?
Because we all do that, too, hoping that someone out there knows who we are and will give us a clue. If we took that joke seriously, God would be the director and we would ask, "Whom do You want me to be?"
Ironically, we will never, in this life, achieve our goal of self-knowledge, of identifying ourselves. St. Paul said, "For now we see through a glass, darkly, but then we shall see face to face." I believe God designed us to search for that perfect image of ourselves, the Image we were created in. We hope to see our "true" face in the mirror; we eagerly look for understanding and confirmation of our indefinable selves, not realizing that the image we truly long for is God's. In the meantime, we'll keep telling the story.
Actors thrive on other people's words, and I will end with those of Gerard Manley Hopkins, with deep thanks to Dr. Henry Baron for introducing him to me.
As Kingfishers Catch Fire
As kingfishers catch fire, dragonflies draw flame;
As tumbled over rim in roundy wells
Stones ring; like each tucked string tells, each hung bell's
Bow swung finds tongue to fling out broad its name;
Each mortal thing does one thing and the same:
Deals out that being indoors each one dwells;
Selves-goes itself; myself it speaks and spells,
Crying What I do is me: for that I came.
I say more: the just man justices;
Keeps grace: that keeps all his goings graces;
Acts in God's eye what in God's eye he is---
Christ--for Christ plays in ten thousand places,
Lovely in limbs, and lovely in eyes not his
To the Father through the features of men's faces.
Alumni Profiles
Learn more about Jessica Powell and other Calvin theatre alumni.
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The Cover - Winter 2007
Cover photo
Each year, 12 students are selected to participate in the Jubilee Fellows program, which is designed for students who are strongly inclined toward spiritual leadership and Christian ministry. The 2007 Jubilee Fellows were (from left):
Julie Wolfe,
David Song,
Laura Sizemore,
Kyle Sandison,
Katie Klok,
Matt Landheer,
Jana Kelder,
Brenda Katerberg
and Alex Kontras.
Not Pictured:
Kristi Buurma and Scott Page
Photo by John Corriveau
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Add Brake Fluid: 1992-2011 Mercury Grand Marquis
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Video Description
When you hit the brake pedal in your 1999 Mercury Grand Marquis it pumps brake fluid down to your brakes which increases the pressure to make your car slow down. If you don't have enough brake fluid in the brake fluid reservoir, air can get in your brake lines and your Grand Marquis won't stop properly. The video above shows you how to add brake fluid to your Mercury Grand Marquis. If you are adding brake fluid to your Grand Marquis on a regular basis, you should check for leaks (we have a video for this too!) As with most fluids in your engine, brake fluid can cause serious harm if you get it in your eyes, so be sure to wear safety glasses and gloves. Brake fluid will also make your paint peel off if you spill it on your Grand Marquis, so be careful not to spill it.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/86617
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Ecological Intervention in Defense of Species (Online Exclusive)
Ethics & International Affairs, Volume 21.3 (Fall 2007)
Ethics & International Affairs
In "Ecological Intervention: Prospects and Limits," Robyn Eckersley outlines three situations in which military intervention for broadly ecological reasons might be justified. These are: (i) environmental emergencies with transboundary spillover effects; (ii) cases of ecocide involving serious human rights violations; and (iii) ecocide, crimes against nature, and protection of biodiversity. Though there is much to engage with throughout the article, I shall only focus on one small part of it: possible military intervention or prosecution in an international criminal court in the cases Eckersley tentatively calls "crimes against nature."
These cases, Eckersley suggests, "may be understood as intentional and systematic acts that cause the extinction of a species." What is particularly interesting about this category is that these crimes are introduced in a non-anthropocentric and a non-instrumental context. The offenses—both of ecocide and crimes against nature—are, I think, understood to be offenses against elements of the non-human world directly, rather than offenses against humans carried out via the non-human world. Further, although "crime against nature" is intended as a potential legal term, it is clear from Eckersley's discussion that a legal duty in this respect would be founded on a moral duty. Thus, I will take a "crime against nature" to mean something like a "moral crime against a species," in particular by endangering the species or rendering it extinct. My suggestion here, though, will be that it is very difficult to defend the claim that there is a moral duty to protect species from extinction based on a non-anthropocentric, non-instrumental worry about the species itself.
There are, of course, a number of reasons why species extinction might be of moral concern. Many of these reasons are anthropocentric and instrumental (pharmaceutical and agricultural use; high cultural or aesthetic value; worries about "rivet-popping," cascading extinctions, and cumulative losses that ultimately might negatively affect human beings).1 A second group of reasons is not directly anthropocentric, but is still broadly instrumental. These reasons concern the well-being of sentient animals that might be affected by species endangerment, including the individual members of the threatened species itself if the species is sentient, as well as other sentient animals that might be dependent on a threatened species. The Rwandan mountain gorilla subspecies—one of the cases Eckersley considers—seems important for several of these reasons. First, it has high cultural value, comparable to that of a great historical monument or artwork. Destroying this subspecies could be compared, perhaps, to the Taliban's destruction of ancient Buddhist statues in Bamiyan. Second, mountain gorillas as individuals are thought to be sentient and highly intelligent; it is often argued that something approaching basic human rights should be extended to them (a path advocated by the Great Ape Project, as Eckersley notes). To value mountain gorillas on this basis would be to value the subspecies because of its valuable members; the destruction of the subspecies would be wrong because of the direct impact on the individual gorillas that constitute it, in particular (on some accounts) the infringement of the individual gorillas' right to life.
But Eckersley's class of "crimes against nature" seems to refer to extinctions of any species, including those that are neither of instrumental value to humans, nor composed from, or essential to, sentient individuals. It is the claim that species should be protected for non-anthropocentric, non-instrumental reasons that I find problematic. My concern is not primarily that this view would not gain cross-cultural consensus, as Eckersley mentions (although it is probably true that it would not) but because it is difficult to defend the view that species are the kinds of things that have non-instrumental value—or so I will suggest.
To say that a species has non-instrumental value is often taken to imply that it has some kind of moral status in its own right, a status that means the species deserves protection. Arguments to this effect usually compare a species to an individual organism, maintaining that a species resembles an individual organism in ways that make it morally relevant. So, what is it that gives an individual organism moral status? There is no general agreement here. Some argue that the relevant capacity is the ability to reason in particular kinds of ways; others the capacity to feel pain and pleasure, or to have desires; a few maintain that just being alive is sufficient for moral status.2 The possession of these kinds of capacities or states, it is argued, means that an organism has interests: for example, a being that can feel pain has an interest in avoiding it. Having interests is usually taken to mean that one can be harmed. Indeed, one frequently-cited definition of harm is the "thwarting, setting back, or defeating of a serious interest."3
For these kinds of ideas to transfer to a species, we would need to be able to argue that a species itself — not just the members that compose the species—can have interests. But this is very difficult to maintain. A species is a group, and as a group does not manifest any of the capacities thought to ground interests (even if its members do). Some philosophers have, nonetheless, tried to argue that a species is a quasi-individual, the kind of entity to which it is appropriate to attribute interests.4 Suppose, for now, we accept this problematic claim. Then we would need to make some sense of what would be in the interests of a species. This is not, in itself, straightforward: Would it be, for example, more in the interests of a species to have 500 members in international zoos or 50 struggling members in the wild? We can imagine situations where something like this choice might have to be made.
If we can say that a species has any interests, the most plausible candidate looks like an interest in not becoming extinct (and it is endangerment and extinction with which Eckersley is centrally concerned). But even if we concede this, we still need to ask why the interests of a species in not becoming extinct would be of direct moral significance. As O'Neill argues (in the context of "having a good" rather than "having interests," but the argument, I think, transfers): "That Y is a good of X does not entail that Y should be realized unless we have a prior reason for believing that X is the sort of thing whose good ought to be promoted."5 There are no obvious reasons for thinking, even if a species has interests, that there is some moral imperative to promote these interests or some moral wrong about seriously setting them back. That a species could be harmed would not mean that in being harmed it is being wronged. Though it is possible that some persuasive argument along these lines could be developed, as things stand this would be very precarious ground for military intervention.
Another possible account of non-instrumental reasons for protecting a species focuses on the idea of species endangerment and extinction as a special kind of group harm. This fits well with the general approach Eckersley adopts, drawing as it does on analogous forms of reasoning to those used in group harms in the human case (such as genocide). Rather than arguing that a species, as a whole, has interests, group harm accounts can maintain that endangering or rendering a species extinct harms its members in special kinds of "group-originating" ways.6 Claudia Card has developed one such account in the context of species. She suggests that we should see species endangerment or extinction as referring to "1) certain kinds of direct harms to individual organisms that embody processes definitive of …the species; and 2) cutting short the processes' future."7 An individual's species membership can thus expose it to special species-originating harms when the species is threatened—such as a reduction in the quality of the individual's life through its inability to interact with other members of the species.
Interesting though Card's account is (and I give a very abbreviated version of it here), it depends on the view that species members (including plants) are the kinds of things that can be harmed, that they can be harmed in particular ways relating to their species membership, and (if this is to be applied to Eckersley's account, at least) that this harm is of direct moral concern; that is, that the harm is a wrong. While something like this argument might work to suggest that individual mountain gorillas (whose experiential lives are likely to be negatively affected by lack of interaction with fellow species members in the case of endangerment) are prone to group harms qua membership in the species, it seems implausible to maintain this in the case, for example, of mangroves.8 In addition, it is not clear that the additional harms to individual species members brought about by their group membership, as opposed to other harms to which they might be exposed, are sufficiently substantial to underpin Eckersley's whole category of "crimes against nature."
To conclude, then: I do not want to deny that convincing arguments may yet be developed to defend the view that the extinction of any species is a worry for non-anthropocentric, non-instrumental reasons. At the moment, however, the arguments for this position do not seem very strong. Certainly, they seem insufficiently substantial as a basis on which, potentially, to ground military interventions. So, while "Ecological Intervention" is thought-provoking and engaging, at present the category of "crimes against nature" is, in my view, far from passing Eckersley's "stiff test" needed to justify "the military rescue of non-human species."
1.See Paul and Anne Ehrlich, Extinction (New York: Random House, 1981) on rivet-popping; see Bryan Norton , Why Preserve Natural Variety? (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987) on cascading extinctions and transformative values. In Biodiversity and Environmental Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005) Sahotra Sarkar rejects rivet-popping arguments against species extinction (as well as all non-anthropocentric arguments).
2.On being alive as the fundamental criterion for moral status, see Kenneth Goodpaster "On Being Morally Considerable," Journal of Philosophy 75 (1987), pp. 308-325, and Paul Taylor, Respect for Nature (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986).
3.Definition from Joel Feinberg, Harm to Others: the moral limits of the criminal law (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984). Feinberg discusses different senses of harm, but this is the most commonly cited one.
4.See, for instance, the account in Lawrence Johnston's A Morally Deep World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
5.See John O'Neill, Ecology, Policy, Politics (London: Routledge, 1983), p.23.
6.Although Card's account, outlined here, maintains that species extinction can be thought of as a group harm, most accounts of what 'genocide' or 'group injury' entails could not easily accommodate an application to species extinction. See, for instance, Stephen Winter (2006) "On the Possibility of Group Injury," Metaphilosophy 37/ 3-4 (2006), pp. 393-41.
7.See Claudia Card, "Environmental atrocities and non-sentient life," Ethics and the Environment 9/1 (2004), pp. 23-45
8.Card makes a distinction between "intolerable harm" and "wrong" in her article, maintaining that it is possible to harm intolerably without wronging. She argues that plants can be harmed in various ways, and that this harming can wrong, though she takes seriously the possibility that they could be harmed but not wronged.
Read More: Environment, Intervention, Environment/Sustainable Development
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Ford Ranger Tailgate Handle
Ford Ranger How-to: Troubleshooting the Tailgate Handle
Can things get any more frustrating when after carrying dozens of bags and boxes from your house to your car, you can't seem to open the tailgate? How are you supposed to load all of your stuff now? You're also running late for all the fun things you and your kids are going to do for camping today! We understand the frustration; for a guy as busy as you, there is just no way to justify the tailgate handle ruining your much deserved break with the family. Worry no more; this troubleshooting article is designed to help you out and get you right on the road in a jiffy. Read on.
Working around the plastic encasing from the inside panel of the tailgate
The tailgate handle may be jammed because of some minor issues inside the mechanism. To remedy this, pry the plastic housing of the handle from the interior side of the rear door panel. Check the rod running from the handle to the side latches of the tailgate and remove any dirt that may be causing the blockage. Replace the handle and the plastic encasing, and try pulling the tailgate handle again to open it.
Dismantling the side latches of the tailgate
If the model of your Ford Ranger is of early origin, the side latches should be clearly visible to the naked eye. Pry the latches open with a flathead screwdriver, until it gives way and opens the tailgate. You will need another set of hands to do this, since both side latches should be released simultaneously for this troubleshooting method to work. If your Ford Ranger is fairly new, detach the plastic encasing that covers the latches. You should see it screwed unto the side panels of the truck; it is also a bit elevated to meet the height of the tailgate. After you unscrewed the encasing, proceed to doing the same steps mentioned earlier. Fair warning, though; you should only pull on the latches with controlled strength, just enough to pry it open. Extreme force will cause the latch to totally come unwound, causing you worse troubles locking the tailgate back.
Ford Ranger Tailgate Handle Bestsellers View more
• Ford Ranger How-to: Tailgate Handle Maintenance 27 February 2013
The tailgate handle is a second-class lever that opens and closes the rear door of your Ford Ranger. The principle behind the apparatus is like the door handles on the driver and passengers' side; when you pull on the lever, you also release the locking mechanism that attaches the door to the body of the vehicle. Usually, in SUVs and pick-up trucks like the Ford Ranger, a tailgate handle develops rust earlier than the other door handles. Frequent exposure to mud, and habitual neglect to clean the part, are the reasons for this. To help you manage the care of your tailgate handle, we listed a few maintenance tips:
Apply ample lubrication when needed.
Sure, the tailgate handle on your car may look anything but damaged, but when you start noticing some squeaking noises every time you pull on it, then something about your presumption is wrong. These squeaking noises are good indicators that the part lacks lubrication. An assortment of rods and cables link to the lock and trip system of the handle; it is often subjected to friction when you pull the handle open, and thus, it needs ample lubrication to do its job perfectly.
Keep the lever spotless.
As stated earlier, the tailgate handle is frequently exposed to dust and mud. It is always advisable to keep the handle as spotless as possible, do not give even the smallest particles a chance to make its way inside the component and jam the mechanism. Be extra attentive to the small nooks and crannies on the handle, this is where dust often hides and accumulates.
Rescue minor cracks before it gets worse.
When you start noticing visual signs of wear, it is always good practice to forestall any worse damage by addressing the issues at hand when you see them. If the tailgate handle is cracked, fill the cracks with automotive glazing putty and sand it. This will reinforce the original material and prevent the cracks from worsening. If you wait on it, the cracks will creep into the inside part of the device and will eventually break the lever into half.
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One more
Dillon-Caesa- r-Charmin-So- crates
The Clan
Purred: Sat Mar 26, '11 10:37am PST
OK, y'all. Someone dumped a little boy cat on my back door three weeks ago. The clan did not chase him off so he stays.
This brings it up to 21. And I'm getting rather irked at people who think I'm a drop off. I know times are hard and it is ever harder to find a place that will care for a cat and not put it down. I just have a limit.
Purred: Sun Mar 27, '11 3:26am PST
At least there are kind souls like you who are willing to take them in! It's hard to say no, even when the numbers start becoming unreasonable, there's always one more who needs help.
I just wish people would be responsible - but I think, maybe they think that they are being responsible, and that dumping them on the animal person is the right thing to do!
My mom has the same problem - not only with drop off cats, but dogs too!
Sadly there aren't any shelters in the area, so when they dump their animals with my mom it's better than the fate that usually befalls them when their owners decide they don't want them anymore. Mom's at her limit now and she just has 11 cats.
I am the Love- Monster.
Purred: Mon Mar 28, '11 9:21pm PST
I am fortunate to live on a tiny farm surrounded by several huge farms. We all have our weakness - for one it's horses, another cattle, another goats. My fit is felines.
At the end of the day, the cathouse has plenty of room and 2 more cups of rawfed won't kill me. There are local no cost resources to make sure each and every cat is fixed and tested and vetted. I do get tired now and then.
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Megan Fox Naked In A Sauna
Megan Fox naked sauna
Is this a leaked naked picture of Megan Fox in a sauna? It certainly looks like it!
If this is in fact Megan Fox naked in a sauna then she better enjoy the heat, because when she is roasting in the eternal hellfire for exposing her nude body she certainly won’t be experiencing a soothing warmth.
The holy Qur’an teaches us that Allah despises the female form, so it must be hidden away at all times. Unless Hollywood sluts like Megan Fox learn to have the proper shame and disdain for their bodies they will face an eternity of damnation burning in hell. Allah truly is a just and benevolent God!
• The Guy with the EyE
FIRSTIES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! NOT HER THOUGH..LOOKS LIKE A BOBBLE HEAD..
• Grand Dragon Pete
Allah doesn’t like the “female form” because he’s a big fan of the one eyed snake to the pooper.
What I’m trying to say……Allah is a big time homo.
• Hashim the destroyer of Evil says
Sheet head Pete, the Queen of the KKQueer gang:
Stop your insulting comments, you filthy faggot!
You are always begging for attention to get more customers for your sinful homosexual activities.
Using the name of Allah for such endeavor is a dangerous path, you pervert.
We, Jihadists, will not forget nor forgive your blasphemy.
Soon we will use the dildo you have disguised under your hat to shove it up your ass, but first soaked in chilli from Oman. That will calm your immoral lust for a while…
• The west is the Best
Hashim the destroyer of boys assholes
It takes a homo to post about using dildos on another man keep your homosexual thoughts to your self or at Abdildos glory holes where you spend most of your time when your not raping boys assholes.
• Abdullah The Butcher
West sucks best
Come to Tikrit and visit my gloryhole if you want the best “blow” of your life. And I’m talking about a really wet blowjob, and I’ll even let you spray me down with that h american load of yours.
Be sure to wear muslim attire so you’re not shot with the AK when you get off the plane. It will be a quick blo-and-go.
ALLAHU AKBAR
• Riddle Cracker
You are not Mufti Abdullah. Brother Abdullah only blows skulls like yours with his AK 47, not peckers. Besides he hates America as a true Jihadist he is.
Have a life idiot.
• The west is the best
Abdildo the shit eater
I always knew you were a homo at least you now admit it But keep your stinking muslim ass away from me if you want that type of gay sex use one of your glory hole workers like Arcanhnar(asslicknar)
• The west is the best
Licks ass crack cracker
You and the homo Abdildo were made for each other your both muslim fags.
• DUM LIMP NUT
ADBULLAH THE DESTROYER OF PROP 8 fuck allah u mountains of donkey piss u motherfuckaz fuck ur own kids fkn a u niggaz need to take a bath shave ur wifes overgrown pussey n go get at something real
• osama the merchant
hashim do you think Alah would like us being meen to americans
• The Real God
The Queer guy with the small penis shut the hell up with firsties you queer! Anyway not her but an amazingly hot photo!
• The Guy with the EyE
but I love U jebus!
• Kahlid
What s the wetback maid doing in the sauna when there are shitstains to scrub from the toilets?
No payment i.e. Coca Cola for her.
• Black Knight
Megan Fox isnt Mexican you dumb fuck. Shes just another white whore. Do you stankin Arabs no anything?
• Kahlid
She looks like a spic, poops in inappropriate places like a spic and likely fucks donkeys like a spic.
She’s a spic.
If you ever speak out of turn again, you obnoxious pavement ape, I’ll crack your worthless skull open with that bottle MD 20/20 you’re currently swilling down.
And then I’ll get mean.
• osama the merchant
khalid i dont think we should be mean to the americans but equal isnt that what Alah would want
• Observer
That HAS to be her…….I have spoo ll over my camel’s first hump to prove it……
• Craig
She looks hot, but not in the right way. She looks sauna hot, not sexy hot.
• Alissa C DiCarlo
There are cum stains on the wall where she squirted her vaginal fluid. That’s sexy.
• Mike
Goddamn, you are one fucked up bitch.
• Hashim the destroyer of Evil says
Alissa, you disgusting whore:
Why are you provoking us, pious muslims? Your infected twat has no use for us, or our camels.
You are wasting your time here and making us run out of patience very fast…
• Hashim
It’s a sauna. They are sweat stains you trashy western whore.
• Anton
Alissa DiCarlo, you’re such a skanky dike and a disgusting pussy licker. You’d suck any vagina.
• Alissa C DiCarlo
You bet your sweet ass I would.
• Kalim
How dare you make such comments on our site ms alissa. You should be stoned immediately.
• Cpm
I’m not seeing ink. Where’s her tats?
• osama
i love how these people call them selfs muslim in not muslim im american but i know alot about the islam religion. and this site has shown me that no one on here is muslim, espically the maker of the site, mostly because the islam religion strictly forbids women to go out in public with out a head dress.
and if you are really muslim why are you offended by being caled a fag and not by these american women showing their face, tits, ass, and vagina?
not a single person on here is muslim i guarantee it.
• Kahlid
Ya Allah! Why has yet another Zionist infiltrator running their الفمّ from the safety of miles distance behind a computer screen?
We jihadists are so sick & tired of you dissension sowing kuffrs coming to this holy Islamic site and insulting us, our Prophet (PBUH) and Allah (SWT)..
You need to find something better to do with your time, you pathetic homoqueers. We don’t show up at your gloryholes or gay bars to tell you how to give a rusty trombone or strawberry shortcake.
You leave Islam to the experts, myself and the other pious Muslims here.
Enna lillah wa enna elaihe Rajioun.
• Muhammad the Great Fag says:
To all muslims who want the honor of sucking big fat american cock:
Let me know when you get caught harassing americans AGAIN and you start doing big boy time.
• Abdullah The Butcher
Great gay
It would be an honor to suck american cock, a big black cock would be best.
I’ll even let you slide it in my hairy hole, and maybe we can bang our manhoods together.
• Hashim the destroyer of Evil says
You are not brother Abdullha!
He went to Iran to buy some weapons and ammunitions to proceed with the holy Jihad against the Infidels.
Show yourself in the open, liar!
• Abdullah The Butcher
Brother Hashim
These impersonating bastards won’t think its too funny when us Muslims ram an RPG up their assholes and yell “Allahu Akbar” as they get blasted to hell.
I appreciate your support during this time of tribulation.
ALLAHU AKBAR
• Muhammad the Great Fag says:
Bloody sand niggers! Bloody sand niggers! Let their blood rain from the sky. Bloody sand niggers! Bloody sand niggers! Hope they all die.
• Devon
Why did they crop off her pussy from this pic?
• German
I see your pitiful jihad and raise you a crusade WPWW
• Billy with a foot long willy
looks like my sister, especially the little hair around her fanny. i’d love to go and urinate on her
• painnkiller2012
holy fucken camel shit so fucken fake all of you suck big elephant dicks !
• CelebWanker
I want to worship her breasts
• Kabal Muhammad
My dear kaafir. You worship wrong subject. You should worship one and only one Allah.
Otherwise is not a option. The infidels days are counted.
• CelebWanker
Nope, I worship her breasts and want to lick her asshole.
• Lambesis
Her thumbs are wrong. Clearly the work of some nigger.
• Jack the Necrophile
I like to fuck dead people. Just putting that our there.
• Thata not megan fox
That isnt her, its a look alike. Its part of a porn. Plus, her nipples dont look like that, as there are actual nude tit pics out there of her.
• Abdullah The Butcher
To all you faggy infidels who impersonate us Muslims
I hope the next cock you suck at the glory hole give you “tongue herpes”
Also, come by the Mosque and pick up your mothers….our camels are finished fucking them.
• Sidney
It is Megan Fox.
• Davina
I don’t even know how I came across this site but I am a believer in Islam. This site goes against the teachings of Islam. You call these woman bad names because they are naked and exposing themselves, why are you looking at them? Why are you posting them for all to see? May the profit Mohammad, peace be with him, have mercy on you.
• jack
prophet is not spelled profit
• Allah the Limpdicked Cuntball
All Muslims are an inferior race to white men and should be burned at a stake and fed to dogs. Muslim women should first be aloud to mutilate their husbands to pay back for all the abuse they have received from the animals of hairy camel cock sucking big bearded weird speaking cunt balls of men.
Watch out Allah, I’m coming to fuck you in the ass
• Madness!
First of all, anyone who knows anything about Megan Fox would know that one of her thumbs is messed up, and in this picture her thumbs are fine, so it’s obviously not her. And second, I jacked off to this picture anyway, just so you know.
• the indain on the corner
You guys realy need to work on your photoshop skills
• suprik
to what your identity is immoral told,,,,,,,,,,,, it’s just you alone mengkotori mouth,,,,,,,,,
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Encyclopaedia Index
Back to start of article
3.4.4 LAM-Bremhorst KE-EP turbulence model
1. Description
2. Activation of the model
3. Advice on the use of the model
4. Sources of further information
1. Description
The Lam-Bremhorst ( hereafter denoted LB ) low-Reynolds-number extension to the KE-EP model employs a transport equation for the total dissipation rate, with the advantage that the model requires no additional source terms.
However, a disadvantage of the model is that one of the damping functions requires the calculation of the local distance to the nearest wall.
The form of the LB model implemented in PHOENICS is that described by Patel et al [1984], although it should be noted that since then various slightly-modified versions have been proposed by a number of workers ( see for example Davidson [1990] and Herrero et al [1991]).
The LB low-Reynolds-number KE-EP model differs from the standard high-Reynolds-number model in that the empirical coefficients CMUCD, C1E and C2E are multiplied respectively by the functions:
FMU = [ 1.-EXP(-0.0165*REYN) ]**2 (1.+20.5/REYT) (2.1)
F1 = 1.+(0.05/FMU)**3 (2.2)
F2 = 1.-EXP(-REYT**2) (2.3)
REYT = KE**2/EP/ENUL (2.5)
where YN is the distance to the nearest wall. For high-turbulence Reynolds numbers REYN or REYT, the functions FMU, F1 and F2 multiplying the three constants tend to unity.
The boundary conditions KE=0 and d(EP)/dy=0 are applied at the wall.
The present implementation of the model has no restriction on its functionality within PHOENICS, although it does not allow simulation of the final-stage decay of isotropic grid turbulence. However, the reader is referred to Davidson [1991] for a fairly simple modification which permits it to do so.
2. Activation of the model
(a) Basic activation
The LB extension to the KE-EP model is selected by:
which is equivalent to TURMOD(KEMODL) plus the PIL commands IENUTA=3 and DISWAL. The DISWAL command activates the solution of a scalar variable LTLS, from which is deduced the minimum distance to the nearest wall YN ( see below, the PHENC entries 'DISWAL' and Section 3.1.2 above on the LVEL turbulence model).
Subsequent WALL (or CONPOR) commands will set boundary conditions for the appropriate velocities, LTLS and turbulent kinetic energy.
No COVAL is required for EP as the default boundary condition is zero normal flux.
Where needed, COVALs for wall PATCHes should take the following form:
so that laminar boundary conditions are set for the mean-flow variables, and a zero value of KE is set at the wall.
When STORE(FMU,FONE,FTWO,REYT,REYN) appears in the Q1 file, the various damping functions and Reynolds numbers defined by equations (2.1) to (2.5) may be printed in the RESULT file or viewed via PHOTON and AUTOPLOT.
(b) Determination of the minimum wall distances
The model requires that the minimum distance to the nearest wall be determined for each cell in the flow field. These distances are calculated automatically via the solution of a differential equation for a generalised length-scale variable LTLS.
This calculation is activated by the TURMOD command, which activates also the command DISWAL.
See PHENC entry: distance from the wall.
(c) The 'Yap' correction for separated flows
In separated flows the standard EP equation gives far too large near-wall values of the turbulence length scale, especially if the equation is integrated to the wall with a low-Reynolds-number extension to the KE-EP model. Consequences of this are that boundary-layer separation will tend to be predicted too late and, in separating and reattaching flow regions, excessive heat-transfer coefficients are predicted.
Yap [1987] proposed an additional source term to the EP equation which goes some way towards removing this deficiency. The volumetric source term takes the form:
S = max < 0.83*RHO*(L/L,e-1)*{(L/L,e)**2}*(EP**2)/KE,0.> (2.6)
where L = KE**1.5/EP and L,e = CL*YN, with CL=AK/CMUCD**0.75 (=2.495) and YN is the distance from the wall.
The term vanishes in local-equilibrium wall turbulence because then L=L,e; it also becomes small at large distances from the wall, since then L/L,e << 1.
However, if L > L,e the term is positive leading to increased values of EP and reduced values of L.
The Yap correction may be selected by using:
which is equivalent to:
The Yap correction may also be applied to the high-Reynolds-number form of the KE-EP model by using:
(d) Other matters
The FORTRAN coding sequences for the LB model may be found in: Group 1 Sections 1 and 2, and in Group 19 Section 3 of subroutine GREX3; in subroutine GXENUT which resides in the file GXPROP.FOR; and in subroutines GXKESO, GXREYN, GXREYT and GXLRDF which reside in the file GXTURB.FOR.
The coding sequences for the Yap correction may be found in: Group 13 of subroutine GREX3 and in subroutine GXEYAP.
The convergence of the turbulence equations can be more problematic than with the standard high-Reynolds-number form of the KE-EP model. In cases where convergence proves difficult the user is advised to set KELIN=1 which invokes an implicit increase in the relaxation on KE and EP through a different linearisation of the turbulence-model source terms.
Finally, the low-Reynolds-number extension may be applied to the modified KE-EP model of Chen and Kim by selecting TURMOD(KECHEN- LOWRE), which is equivalent to TURMOD(KEMODL) plus the following PIL commands:
For more details, the reader is referred to the Encyclopaedia entry provided under 'CHEN-Kim modified KE-EP turbulence model'.
(e) Activation with "conjugate heat transfer"
The PHOENICS default boundary condition for KE, EP, C1, C2, etc at the fluid-solid interface is finite diffusion flux normal to the wall.
For consistency with the standard PHOENICS default boundary condition this ought to be zero normal flux. In order to achieve the desired boundary conditions at the interface, the diffusive links through the wall are set to zero by use of the so-called Group 12 Q1 facility. Thus for example the PIL commands:
will zero the north-face diffusion fluxes for KE, EP and C1 at the locations defined by the PATCH limits.
(f) Examples
A number of Q1 files may be found in the advanced-turbulence-models library of low-Reynolds-number turbulence models which demonstrate the use of the model.
3. Advice on the use of the model
Since the low-Reynolds-number extension does not employ wall functions, and the flow field needs to be meshed into the laminar sublayer and down to the wall, the computer storage and run-time requirements for this approach are much greater than those of the wall-function approach.
In general, the grid normal to the main flow direction needs to be distributed so as to give a high concentration of grid cells near the wall, with the wall-adjacent node positioned at y+=1.0 or even less.
In any case, the user is advised that the location of the first grid point normal to the wall should not exceed Y+=4.0, and for reasonable accuracy it is recommended that at least five points are located in the region Y+ < 11.5. Here Y+ is defined by
where UTAU is the friction velocity at the wall (= SQRT(TAUW/RHO)).
If the user wishes to know the near-wall values of y+ he may activate printout of their values in the PHOENICS RESULT file by setting YPLS=T.
Please note, however, that this facility requires that the user define the boundary condition on the velocity parallel to the wall via
which is equivalent to setting a COefficient of unity provided that the near-wall value of Y+ is less than 11.5. For "conjugate-heat- transfer" calculations one must set
to elicit printout of the near-wall y+ values when YPLS=T. CONPOR- generated COVALs for wall patches produce CO=GRND2 by default.
While there are a number of choices for generating a non-uniform mesh across the flow ( such as, for example, the power-law option provided in PHOENICS ), one of the most economical options is to use a geometric progression with the property that the ratio of length of any two adjacent cross-stream intervals is a constant; i.e. DY(J)=K*DY(J-1). If, for example, we consider the case of a flow bounded by a single wall, the distance of the Jth cell face is given by the formula:
Y(J)=DY(1)*(K**J-1)/(K-1), K > 1. (5.1)
There are two parameters in the above equation: DY(1), the length of the first grid cell, and K, the ratio of two successive cell sizes. The total number of cells NY can be calculated from the following formula:
NY = LN [1+(K-1)(Y(NY)/DY(1)]/LN[K]. (5.2)
DY(1) may be defined so that y+=1.0 by way of an estimated friction velocity US.
Thus, for turbulent flow through a smooth pipe at a Reynolds number of 1.E5, DY(1) may be calculated as follows:
The value of K may be chosen typically as 1.1, and so approximately 60 grid cells across the flow are sufficient to represent the laminar and turbulent regions of the flow. The foregoing example can readily be extended to accommodate two walls. Geometric-progression grids created by PIL commands in the Q1 file are exemplified in several of the test cases provided in the advanced turbulence model library.
Some other useful formulae for the generation of non-uniform grid distributions are given by Mansole and Lage [1993].
4. Sources of further information
Y.S.Chen and S.W.Kim, 'Computation of turbulent flows using an extended k-e turbulence closure model', NASA CR-179204, (1987).
L.Davidson, 'Calculation of the turbulent buoyancy-driven flow in a rectangular cavity using an efficient solver and two different low Reynolds number k-e turbulence models', Num. Heat Transfer, Part A, Vol.18, p129, (1990).
J.Herrero, F.X.Grau, J.Grifoll and F.Girault, 'A near-wall k-e formulation for high Prandtl number heat transfer', Int.J.Heat Transfer, Vol.34, No.3, p711, (1991).
C.K.G.Lam and K.Bremhorst, ' A modified form of the k-e model for predicting wall turbulence', ASME J. Fluids Engng., Vol.103, p456, (1981).
D.M.Mansole and J.L.Lage, ' Nonuniform grid accuracy test applied to natural-convection flow within a porous medium cavity.', Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B, Vol.23, p351, (1993).
V.C.Patel, W.Rodi & G.Scheurer, 'Turbulence models for near-wall and low-Reynolds-number flows: A review', AIAA J, Vol.23, No.9, p1308, (1984)
C.Yap,'Turbulent heat and momentum transfer in recriculating and impinging flows', PhD Thesis, Faculty of Technology, University of Manchester, (1987). ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Definition of Conditioned vs. Unconditioned Response
Conditioned and unconditioned responses are behaviors that result from specific stimuli. An unconditioned response is behavior that occurs naturally due to a given stimulus. However, a stimulus prompts a conditioned response only when someone has come to associate that stimulus with another. For example, when a person yelps upon being bitten by an insect, the yelp is an unconditioned response. After hearing a buzzing every time one is bitten, one might begin to yelp every time one notices the sound: this is a conditioned response because it occurs after one learns to associate the buzz with an insect bite (it does not occur spontaneously). Psychologists distinguish between conditioned and unconditioned responses to explain classical conditioning, a kind of learning.
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Blur 1st edition
How to Know What's True in the Age of Information Overload
Blur 0 9781596915657 159691565X
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Blur: Amid the hand-wringing over the death of "true journalism" in the Internet Age—the din of bloggers, the echo chamber of Twitter, the predominance of Wikipedia—veteran journalists and media critics Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel have written a pragmatic, serious-minded guide to navigating the twenty-first century media terrain. Yes, old authorities are being dismantled, new ones created, and the very nature of knowledge has changed. But seeking the truth remains the purpose of journalism—and the object for those who consume it. How do we discern what is reliable? How do we determine which facts (or whose opinions) to trust? Blur provides a road map, or more specifically, reveals the craft that has been used in newsrooms by the very best journalists for getting at the truth. In an age when the line between citizen and journalist is becoming increasingly unclear, Blur is a crucial guide for those who want to know what's true.Ways of Skeptical Knowing—Six Essential Tools for Interpreting theNews 1. What kind of content am I encountering? 2. Is the information complete? If not, what's missing? 3. Who or what are the sources and why should I believe them? 4. What evidence is presented and how was it tested or vetted? 5. What might bean alternative explanation or understanding? 6. Am I learning what I need?
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/86711
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The Bhagavad-Gita 1st edition
Krishna's Counsel in Time of War
The Bhagavad-Gita 0 9780231064682 0231064683
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The Bhagavad-Gita: The dramatic moral crisis that is central to the 'Bhagavad-Gita' has inspired centuries of Indian philosophers as well as Western thinkers. Renowned translator Barbara Stoler Miller presents here an English language version of this exemplary text of Hindu culture.
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Rent The Bhagavad-Gita 1st edition today, or search our site for Barry textbooks. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by Columbia University Press.
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Upgrade to Chess.com Premium!
When Chess gets "Solved"...
• 6 years ago · Quote · #1
Hey people,
What do you think the will happen to the game if it gets solved?
The new coputers are beginning to outclass our brains so they might make it!
• 6 years ago · Quote · #2
I will be still playing.
There is now a game with 2 new pieces also, Omega Chess and Fisher always claimed for random starting positions of the pieces.
I still be playing the original ches though.
• 6 years ago · Quote · #3
When they solve it, you can sit down and study all of the manuals for perfect chess, and then when you play an imperfect move, your opponent will have to think, since you didn't play the "right" move. We play imperfect chess all day long, and it is great!
• 6 years ago · Quote · #4
when they solve chess, they'll also solve fischer chess cause even though there are "random" starting positions for all the pieces, there are only so many possible random starting positions. the equation for solving chess would be applied to every possible random starting position and you would have a solution for that starting position as well.
• 6 years ago · Quote · #5
I think chess could lose a lot of its popularity and that would be very bad.
• 6 years ago · Quote · #6
When playing against a computer, chess programs will be able to have a "perfect move alert" instead of the crude "blunder alert" they have now.
Chess learning computers are quite interesting - provided that they have started out from not even knowing how the pieces move - in the same way that people have to. Set one of those loose on chess.com, have it play a thousand games against random people, and see what it has learnt (if anything)!
• 6 years ago · Quote · #7
This has been a concern of mine as well. It seems to me that the greatest impact would be upon those players who can be considered among the "upper echelon" of chess.
I'll continue to play chess, however. Also, there's Fischer Random Chess. That sounds very interesting to me.
• 6 years ago · Quote · #8
When they solve it, if you are worried, just quit playing...or you can play me, and I can assure you I will play a BirdBrain move!
• 6 years ago · Quote · #9
Ok BirdBrain, thanks for giving us this security ;)
• 6 years ago · Quote · #10
Chess will probably not be solved in our lifetime, so there's no need to worry...
• 6 years ago · Quote · #11
Surely if the game explorer became more comprehensive as we played more games, you could potentially look up every move and always choose the favourable one???
• 6 years ago · Quote · #12
play some type of multi-level chess(several are displayed in star trek)..wouldn't that be harder anyway? don't we play chess for the challenge? isn't it time to evolve chess?
• 6 years ago · Quote · #13
the solution to chekers is about 256m of information. That' about 32 phone numbers (if you count the area code as one digit) It would take some doing but it is definatly memorizable.
The soulution to chess would/will be signifigantly bigger. Anybody seen any projections on this? I'm guessing terabytes. Like a phone books worth of numbers.
Probably more than a normal person could memorize.
• 6 years ago · Quote · #14
I'm not sure about that. I think it is likely that chess ends in a draw, and it does not have to be a game with a lot of moves, but it might be that after only say 30 moves, it may end in three fold rep. draw.
• 6 years ago · Quote · #15
I don't think it will matter to a lot of players. Perfection has been attained in many other sports. Perfect 10's in gymnastics, perfect games in bowling, perfect games in baseball. Do people quit those because perfection has been achieved before? No.
It might take away something from those who like to play against computers. They will know victory is unattainable. However, pitting yourself against another human will always be an interesting challenge.
• 6 years ago · Quote · #16
It would be an interesting thing for game theory probably, but still people won't be able to memorise all the perfect responses for every move. (By the way, if I understand the problem correctly, the solution doesn't have to be that someone (black or white) wins).
What would be a bore is to play with a computer though, because you would always know how it would end.
(by the way, if they solve regular chess, it doesn't mean they solve random starting chess)
• 6 years ago · Quote · #17
I will play blitz, playing imperfect moves so as to confuse my opponent.
• 6 years ago · Quote · #19
2 things i don't believe:
1) if they solve regular chess, it doesn't mean they solve random starting chess - i think it definitely does mean they solve regular chess. whatever method used to solve chess (an equation, a database of positions, etc.), could be used to solve random starting chess.
2) There are more chess positions than atoms in the universe - i'm assuming you're counting every pawn and all possible pieces it can promote to and all possible places those pieces can go, but even then, i doubt that's true.
• 6 years ago · Quote · #20
It definately can and will happen. However, this solution will be so large, they would need a multi-terabyte hard drive to hold it.
and unless they figure out a way to program a human brain the way they program a computer, no person will be able to hold the entire solution in his own memory banks.
So no worries. This solution would just put us onto equal footing if we all have access to it, so we can all learn as much of it as possible. It would change chess, but there is just too much to chess for it to ruin it.
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Thread: Video Games Battlefield 3
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Old 03-25-2011, 02:27 PM #114
Bambi Bambi is offline
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Join Date: Oct 2008
Location: New York City
Casino cash: $128605
Originally Posted by Pants View Post
Where are you guys getting this "50's are unstoppable" thing? They're no better than any other player, it just means they played for a very long time.
The only time a 50 is unstoppable is when he's raping your spawn from his helicopter on Arica Harbor.
Couple of pro tips:
Use the ABAKAN (2-round burst AK), it's the best gun in the game, IMO, and the only thing that comes close in terms of being overpowered is the M60. You can't have the noobtube on the M60, though.
Chose a sniper class, equip the VSS + red dot (it becomes an incredibly powerful assault rifle) and have the C4 equipped. This is probably the most versatile class option and works on all game modes. Keep throwing those motion sensors out - it helps your team out TREMENDOUSLY. It should just be a habit to always have one out there beeping. Make sure you have a buddy supplying you with ammo because your VSS will run dry really quick.
Blowing up MCOMMs with C4 instead of hitting the X and starting the alarm is by far the best way to generate points in this game. Be smart about it, though, because sneaking to one isn't always easy. If you bumrush it (like I did because I wanted the insignia) you will get killed. A LOT.
Also, you can be an engineer and sneak to the MCOMMs and put mines all around it. They do not disappear after you die so you can keep stacking them. You can shoot or grenade the mines whenever you feel like it for massive MCOMM damage (this pro tip was stolen directly from Kraus, BTW).
If you care about your KDR, Rush is probably not the best game mode, I died way too many times trying to blow those MCOMMs up. It is probably the most satisfying game mode, though.
If you already knew all this, my apologies.
I play almost Rush exclusively. It's just so ****ing awesome.
I love the land mines too. I use them all the time.
Also getting into the tracer gun a lot now too. Tracer + Carl Gustav = Death...
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Wondering just how the banks’ earnings reports have been so good? Me, too.
Already we’ve seen Goldman Sachs fiddle with its first quarter by dumping more than a billion dollars of losses in its “orphan month” of December, which was left in a sort of netherworld because of the i-bank’s shift to a new earnings calendar.
Now, Bloomberg’s Jonathan Weil puts some major dents in Wells Fargo’s smashing earnings report from last week—one that sent its and other banks’ stocks soaring. Weil chides investors for putting “blind faith in a big bank’s earnings.”
Indeed, the report was just a press release, not a securities filing. That, along with all the necessary information that comes along with it, comes next week.
Weil says it looks like Wells Fargo is taking advantage of some accounting tricks to prettify its numbers. One trick is tapping into loan-loss reserves the bank picked up when it bought Wachovia. Weil calls that accounting treatment “raiding the cookie jar,” and reports that it’s now banned (Wells Fargo was grandfathered in). It effectively means Wells doesn’t have to write down losses it takes since it can just adjust its loan-loss reserves. That can create a lot of “money.”
He catches Wells apparently not following SEC rules by calculating a key metric called tangible common equity using non-generally accepted accounting principles. That resulted in the number being nearly three times higher than a more-typical formula for tangible common equity, Weil calculates.
Silly me — I thought the SEC’s rules apply to Wells Fargo, too.
Weil also points out that Wells’s numbers are probably inflated by the rewriting of so-called mark-to-market rules late in the quarter, but that it didn’t disclose what its numbers would have been without the rule change.
And this is just nice to point this absurdity out:
It seems like Washington and Wall Street are trying to get out of this mess in no small part by going through the accounting looking glass—pretending that things are better than they are and hoping that mass self-delusion kicks in.
With the way the stock market has reacted recently, that doesn’t appear to have been a bad bet.
Good for Bloomberg and Weil for calling folks out on this.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/86809
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Jahia Web CMS Launches GPL Community Edition
Jahia Adds Community Edition under GPLAnother enterprise class content management system adopts open source GPL licensing. It is no surprise. A platform is only as good as its adopters, and offering an open source version in today's competitive CMS market is one path to deployment growth. Building a committed community of third party developers who daily deploy, interact and tinker with a CMS platform can only enhance both the feature offerings and sustainability of that platform.
Jahia, Web Content Integration Software that combines Enterprise Web Content Management (WCM) with Document Management and Portal features, launched Jahia Community Edition v6 as an open source GPLv2 application.
The Jahia Community Edition (CE) for Open Source Applications is a GPL distribution under the FOSS license with no support and no maintenance. Any improvements made to the source must be rendered back to the project under that same GPL license. The Jahia Enterprise Edition (EE) for Commercial and Supported Applications is a stable, production ready, commercial version sold via annual subscription. The commercial version is also available under different licensing frameworks if needed.
Community Edition Features
Jahia Community Edition v6 offers a WCM platform with document management and portal features, AJAX technology and Open Source components.
Some features include:
• Web 2.0 Ajax powered user interface, in-line editing capabilities, support for Google Analytics, customizable toolbars, improved workflow value chain and a modified front-end template infrastructure
• Document management support of the “Jackrabbit” JSR 170 content repository
• Embedded Apache Plutot 2.0 library for improved support for the latest version of the Portlets standard (JSR 286) and a centralized mashup repository.
The features of the new Community Edition are included in the commercial Enterprise Edition 6.0, set to launch in Q2 of 2009. Jahia’s enterprise clients include the United Nations, Garmin International, Goldman Sachs, Virgin America, HomeAway.com, the Motorists Mutual Insurance Company and others.
Learn more about the Jahia Community Edition or Jahia Enterprise Edition.
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Using Gradient Shading in Web Pages
In his book Code Complete, Steve McConnell wrote:
"Don't limit your programming thinking only to the concepts that are supported automatically by your language [or tool]. The best programmers think of what they want to do, and then assess how to accomplish their objectives with the programming tools at their disposal."
McConnell is right. Without this outside-the-box thinking, new language idioms would probably never be invented. Of course, you should make sure you know about everything inside the box as well, so you don't needlessly reinvent the wheel. In Web programming, the box is very big indeed and has many corners, nooks, and crannies.
This article looks in one of those nooks in the Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) section: filters. There are all kinds of filters that add neat effects to your Web pages. The one demonstrated here adds a gradient coloring effect that you can apply to anything that needs a little lively coloring (in moderation, please).
Reviewing the Elements of a Gradient Filter
You can use cascading style sheets to organize style information in a single location. (You can also embed styles and add them inline, but that's another article.) The filter is an attribute of a style. The filter attribute affects some change on the thing to which it is applied.
The gradient filter is an ActiveX control that applies gradient coloring, beginning with a start color and gradually changing to the end color. The default gradient filter uses a horizontal blue-to-black color scheme. You can apply the default filter inline (for example, on a div) with the fewest number of arguments. Listing 1 shows the default gradient coloring, and Figure 1 shows the results.
Listing 1: The Default Gradient Filter Style Applied Inline to a Div
<div style="filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(
width: 300px; height: 150px">
Figure 1: A small div with the default gradient shading filter applied.
To use some additional features of the gradient filter, you need to provide additional arguments. Other features include GradientType, which can be 0 or 1. The value 1 indicates the gradient shading will be horizontal and 0 represents vertical shading. The feature StartColorStr indicates the color to start the shade with and EndColorStr indicates the ending color. For example, if you wanted to use green and white to shade a div vertically, you could use the inline style filter shown in Listing 2 (see Figure 2 for the result).
Listing 2: A Vertical Green and White Gradient Color Scheme
<div style="filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(
GradientType=0, StartColorStr='green', EndColorStr='white');
width: 300px; height: 150px">
Figure 2: A Vertical Green and White Gradient Shade Filter
Additional Resources
If you want some help finding imaginative colors, check out this MSDN link.
Any Effect You Can Think Of
You'll find filters for shadows, control reveals, gradient shading, making images glow, and more. Name what you want to do and you can find a filter that will help you create the desired result.
Gradient filters have been around a little while, but many new and cool features are available for .NET programmers. One of my new favorites is Atlas: lightweight, asynchronous XmlHttpRequests from client to server without the usual ASP.NET page flicker and post back.
About the Author
• If it excludes, I exclude it
Posted by bpatin on 03/08/2006 02:35pm
Techniques that only apply to IE are worthless to anyone who intends to code for any other than a highly restrictive audience. This article wasted my time. "IE Only" should have been part of the title, so I wouldn't have bothered to read it.
• for IE only
Posted by hspc on 03/04/2006 03:37am
Good Article. Note that these effects are DirectX effects used for IE only.
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Caching Images in ASP.NET
, 1 Jul 2013
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One of the simplest but most effective methods to improve performance in web applications is to cache images on the client.
The Problem
When I was building the website and I used a lot of images in the CSS style sheets to display background images for menu items. After transferring the files to our web server I tested how much traffic a request to our start page would produce with Microsoft Network Monitor. This is a tool to allow capturing and protocol analysis of network traffic. You can download it from the Microsoft Download Center.
With Microsoft Network Monitor 3.1, I recorded a call to As a result I got 20 requests to 20 different files to display one single page. Microsoft Network Monitor shows that approximately half of the requests are required for the menu images.
There are two different ways to avoid this problem. On one hand you can tell IIS to cache images on the client, and on the other hand you can do this directly in ASP.NET (which is a bit more complicated).
Caching Images in IIS
Caching in IIS is very simple. Select a folder in the left pane or a single file in the right pane and open the Properties dialog.
Check "Enable content expiration" and choose when your content should expire.
That's it! IIS tells the client with the "Cache-Control" header that the content may be cached on the client. The "Expires" header contains the expiration date. So the client knows that after this date it has to ask the server for new content.
This approach works very well if
• you can place all your images and other cachable files in one or a few folders,
• and, most importantly, you have access to IIS.
Both conditions are not fulfilled in our case. In our DotNetNuke project images are spread across multiple folders so it would be quite complex to configure IIS. And more importantly, our hosting provider does not give us access to IIS. Thus I had to look for another solution.
Caching Images with a Custom HttpHandler
The first thing I had to solve was bypass IIS to get the request to ASP.NET. I decided to write a custom HTTP handler which listens to files with the paths *.gif.ashx, *.jpg.ashx and *.png.ashx. You can find a good article about IHttpHandler at the APress website: Use local scope to improve performance.
I built a new class library project in Visual Studio with a class CachingHandler, which is responsible for handling requests to images. CachingHandler implements the interface IHttpHandler like the Page class does. The interface provides the property IsReusable and the method ProcessRequest.
IsResuable indicates if another request can reuse the HTTP handler. This means, we have to guarantee that the ProcessRequest method is thread-safe.
ProcessRequest does the real work. It gets the current context and is responsible for sending the result to the client.
namespace SoftwareArchitects.Web
public class CachingHandler : IHttpHandler
public bool IsReusable
get { return true; }
public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
We want our http handler to send a file to the client. As we are listening to files with the paths *.gif.ashx, *.jpg.ashx and *.png.ashx, all we have to do is to remove the ".ashx" from the request path to get the file we want to send to the client. Besides we extract the filename and the extension from the file.
public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
string file = context.Server.MapPath
(context.Request.FilePath.Replace(".ashx", ""));
string filename = file.Substring(file.LastIndexOf('\\') + 1);
string extension = file.Substring(file.LastIndexOf('.') + 1);
In the next step we load the configuration for the CachingHandler from the web.config file. Therefore I built a class CachingSection (which I will show a bit later), which contains a property CachingTimeSpan and a collection FileExtensions, which knows the content type for each file extension. With help of this config class we configure the HttpCachePolicy object of the response:
• SetExpires tells the client how long the content should be valid.
• SetCacheability tells the client who is allowed to cache the content. We set the the cacheability to public. This means that the response is cacheable by clients and shared (proxy) caches.
• SetValidUnitExpires specifies whether the ASP.NET cache should ignore HTTP Cache-Control headers sent by the client that invalidate the cache.
• ContentType sets the MIME type of the response.
CachingSection config = (CachingSection)context.GetSection(
if (config != null)
FileExtension fileExtension = config.FileExtensions[extension];
if (fileExtension != null)
context.Response.ContentType = fileExtension.ContentType;
Finally we add the content-disposition header to the response to tell the client that it should open the file in the browser (inline). Additionally we set the filename to the name without the extension .ashx, because this is the name that will be displayed when you try to download the file. Then we use WriteFile to send the file to the client.
"inline; filename=" + filename);
Defining Custom Configuration Sections in web.config
In the HTTP handler we use a custom class to read some configuration information from the web.config file. Therefore I built the class CachingSection derived from ConfigurationSection. In this class I implemented a property CachingTimeSpan which holds a TimeSpan value for the time to cache objects on the client, and a property FileExtensions which holds a collection of FileExtension objects. To map these properties to elements in web.config you simply have to add a ConfigurationProperty attribute to each property, which can be set in web.config.
namespace SoftwareArchitects.Web.Configuration
/// <summary>
/// Configuration for caching
/// </summary>
public class CachingSection : ConfigurationSection
[ConfigurationProperty("CachingTimeSpan", IsRequired = true)]
public TimeSpan CachingTimeSpan
get { return (TimeSpan)base["CachingTimeSpan"]; }
set { base["CachingTimeSpan"] = value; }
[ConfigurationProperty("FileExtensions", IsDefaultCollection = true,
IsRequired = true)]
public FileExtensionCollection FileExtensions
get { return ((FileExtensionCollection)base["FileExtensions"]); }
To support not only single values but also collections we have to implement a class derived from ConfigurationElementCollection. In our sample we need a collection to configure a list of valid extensions with their corresponding content types.
You can download the complete code for the file CachingSection.cs.
/// <summary>
/// List of available file extensions
/// </summary>
public class FileExtensionCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection
Finally we need a class for each extension, which holds a property for the extension and a property for the content type.
/// <summary>
/// Configuration for a file extension
/// </summary>
public class FileExtension : ConfigurationElement
[ConfigurationProperty("Extension", IsRequired = true)]
public string Extension
get { return (string)base["Extension"]; }
set { base["Extension"] = value.Replace(".", ""); }
[ConfigurationProperty("ContentType", IsRequired = true)]
public string ContentType
get { return (string)base["ContentType"]; }
set { base["ContentType"] = value; }
All we have to do now is to add a configuration section to our web.config. In the configSections tag we add a new sectionGroup with the name SoftwareArchitects. In this group we add a section named Caching. The attribute type specifies the class and the assembly of our CachingSection class. Of course we have to add the assembly with the CachingSection class to the bin folder of the web application. Then we can add a new tag with the name of the group to the configuration tag. Inside of the group we add a new tag with the name of the section, and in this section all properties we have defined in the CachingSection class are now available.
<sectionGroup name="SoftwareArchitects">
<section name="Caching" requirePermission="false"
SoftwareArchitects.Web.CachingHandler" />
<Caching CachingTimeSpan="1">
<add Extension="gif" ContentType="image\gif" />
<add Extension="jpg" ContentType="image\jpeg" />
<add Extension="png" ContentType="image\png" />
Now there is only one last thing missing until we can use the CachingHandler. We have to add it to the httpHandlers section in web.config. There we have to add an entry for each file extension we want to map to our HTTP handler. I decided to support images with the extensions .gif, .jpg and .png. So I added a handler for the paths *.gif.ashx, *.jpg.ashx and *.png.ashx. In the type attribute I specified the class and assembly of the HTTP handler. Of course the assembly must be placed in the bin folder as well.
<add verb="*" path="*.gif.ashx"
<add verb="*" path="*.jpg.ashx"
<add verb="*" path="*.png.ashx"
You could also use other file extensions like *.gifx. But to do so you need to have access to IIS to configure the new extension to be handled by aspnet_isapi.dll. As I do not have access to IIS of our hosting provider, I had to use *.ashx, because it is already mapped to aspnet_isapi.dll.
Finally I added the extension .ashx to all images in the web site (in .css files and .aspx files). When I monitored a request to the main page of again, the first request still generated 20 requests to the web server but from the second request on it took only 7 requests to load the page, because the images were cached on the client.
You can see how it works on our website at Right-click on an image and open the Properties dialog. You will see that the URL ends with .ashx. When you right-click on an image and select "Save Picture as..." the suggested filename does not include the extension .ashx because of the content-disposition header.
Of course you can use the handler for other file types like JavaScript files or CSS files, too. So you could reduce the number of requests again.
Testing the CachingHandler
You can easily test the caching of images with a simple web site. I added a web site project with the name CachingWebSite to the Visual Studio Solution with which you can try how it works (download complete solution). On the one hand, the web site contains a page Default.aspx which contains an image tag. You can see that the image source ends with .ashx.
<img src="/Portals/1/App_Themes/Standard/Images/LogoWithMenuBackground.png.ashx" />
On the other hand the web site contains a theme Standard with a stylesheet Style.css. In the stylesheet I use a background image. Again the image source ends with .ashx.
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
background-image: url(Images/MenuBackground.png.ashx);
background-repeat: repeat-x;
In the web.config of the web site I inserted a custom section to configure the CachingHandler and an HTTP handler for each extension, exactly as explained above. Furthermore I added the trace tag to the system.web section to trace every request to a file.
<trace enabled="true" pageOutput="false" requestLimit="50" mostRecent="true" />
When I start my web site project I see the Default.aspx page with the logo, which is defined in Default.aspx, and with the background image, which is defined in the stylesheet.
To view the trace I opened a new tab in IE and replaced Default.aspx with Trace.axd in the URL. The trace shows that four requests were necessary to display the page Default.aspx. For the first request and every time the users hits F5, all files are sent to the client.
When I switch back to the first tab I have three possibilities to reload the page. I could
• press F5
• click the "Reload page ..." link
• click the "Reload page ..." button
Pressing F5 would reload all the content, whereas clicking the link or the button would only reload content which is not cached on the client. I clicked the link and the button for the following screenshot. As you can see there were only requests to Default.aspx and Style.css added in the trace.
If the user navigates to a page via a hyperlink or does a post back only, files which are not cached on the client are requested from the server. Requests 5 and 6 were caused by clicking the link whereas requests 7 and 8 were caused by clicking the button.
About the Author
Karin Huber
Software Developer software architects
Austria Austria
Hi, my name is Karin Huber. Since 1998 I have been working as a developer and IT consultant focusing on building database oriented web applications. In 2007 my friend Rainer and I decided that we want to build a business based on COTS (component off-the-shelf) software. As a result we founded "software architects".
These days we are offering our first version of the time tracking software called 'time cockpit'. You can find more information at
Comments and Discussions
GeneralRe: Thanks for the article. Could you explain the .ashx suffix? PinmemberRobKraft28-Sep-08 8:40
QuestionIIS Solution for all images Pinmemberkensai9-Jun-08 22:20
AnswerRe: IIS Solution for all images Pinmembermahan11011011014-Jun-08 19:14
GeneralGreat Article PinmemberSabarinathan Arthanari28-Apr-08 21:58
Questionit doesn't work in ie7? Pinmemberconannb25-Mar-08 0:13
Answer[Message Removed] PinmemberMojtaba Vali26-May-08 22:36
GeneralDynamic Caching PinmemberNandanPatel21-Feb-08 3:58
GeneralRe: Dynamic Caching PinmemberKarin Huber24-Feb-08 9:01
In Vista you can find the cached files in the following locations:
IE7 running in protected mode:
C:\Users\my user name\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Low\Content.IE5
IE7 NOT running in protected mode:
You can find additional information at[^] or[^].
Best regards,
Visit my blog at
GeneralRe: Dynamic Caching PinmemberNandanPatel25-Feb-08 5:40
GeneralRe: Dynamic Caching PinmemberKarin Huber26-Feb-08 9:58
Generalbad article PinmemberhannesMVP24-Jan-08 23:56
GeneralRe: bad article [modified] PinmemberKarin Huber25-Jan-08 1:17
GeneralFile name PinmemberRexNebular22-Jan-08 3:23
GeneralRe: File name PinmemberKarin Huber25-Jan-08 1:28
Generalgood article PinmemberAbhijit Jana17-Jan-08 18:12
JokeI love you PinmemberReynaldo Ferrer16-Jan-08 0:08
GeneralRe: I love you Pinmemberonelove zeng14-Apr-08 23:11
JokeRe: I love you PinmemberReynaldo Ferrer15-Apr-08 11:46
Generalcaching dynamic images PinmemberAnas Ghanem14-Jan-08 20:58
GeneralRe: caching dynamic images Pinmembermerlin98115-Jan-08 0:27
GeneralRe: caching dynamic images PinmemberKarin Huber17-Jan-08 10:44
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Tell a friend about the My girl page on Collectors Weekly
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/86874
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The Solution to Citizens United That No One Is Talking About
Published on
Common Dreams
The Solution to Citizens United That No One Is Talking About
Could a narrow focus on Citizens United actually set back our drive for democracy?
That's been a real worry of mine, but my thinking has been fussy. So I was relieved to see Matt Bai, the New York Times Magazine's political correspondent, take on the challenge of deciphering what can and cannot be laid at the feet of this awful ruling.
In "How Did Political Money Get This Loud?" Bai suggests that Citizens United mainly "intensified" unintended consequences of earlier reforms. He argues that the burst of political spending in the last two years, while huge, is actually in line with the trajectory of growth in campaign spending since McCain-Feingold reforms in 2002.
He stresses that the biggest consequence of McCain-Feingold and Citizens United may not be the staggering scale of spending, but that "candidates don't really have control of their own campaigns anymore..."
With the passage of McCain-Feingold, Bai explains, "parties could no longer tap an endless stream of soft money [unlimited contributions used in a range of party activities not directly asking for votes]." So they turned to another means: "independent groups with their own turnout and advertising campaigns limited in what they could say," emphasizes Bai, "but accountable to no candidate or party boss..."
Then, Citizens United and related Court decisions wiped out most remaining limits, so "[n]ow any outside group can use corporate money to make a direct case for who deserves your vote and why, and they can do so right up to Election Day." The big outside groups today are "social-welfare groups" (including, believe it or not, Koch brothers' Americans for Prosperity) and Super PACs, and the difference between them? Super PACs must disclose donors' identities, but social-welfare groups generally don't.
Many will likely debate Bai's analysis, but my concern is what it misses altogether:
"That there are solutions we can realize at least in part in the foreseeable future."
We can move democracy forward even before a new Supreme Court majority reversing Citizens United or victory in a long battle for a constitutional amendment.
Wonderfully, Americans are united across political divisions in our anger at big money's control of politics. Sixty-seven percent of us favor "voluntary public financing" of elections, already enabling regular citizens to run for the legislature in three states. And two-thirds of Americans also support disclosure of large contributors.
So let's get on with building a bipartisan uprising of voters with the guts to insist that candidates we support in November pledge to back DISCLOSE Act and Fair Elections legislation -- now being refined in Congress -- and that, once in place, they use this system, not private wealth, for their campaigns. (Under the "fair elections" bill, a candidate raises a specific number of small, in-state contributions -- each no bigger than $100 -- to qualify for significant public funds, both a lump sum and five dollars for each small-donor dollar up to a cap.) And let's demand that candidates we support denounce any unaccountable electioneering bodies, whether backing them or other candidates.
Join with the dozens of groups already on board from Public Citizen to Friends of the Earth at and reach out to friends and strangers who've never heard of this option.
Note that the DISCLOSE Act failed last week to achieve the super majority it needed by only nine votes. Nine is an achievable shift this November.
We can't afford to wait for the Supreme Court. We can't afford to wait for a constitutional amendment. Let's focus now on electing a president and a Congress who share the majority's position on these foundational questions. On this path, we begin to reduce the power of concentrated wealth in public decision making as we also build the inclusive citizen pressure necessary to reverse laws and rulings hindering solutions to all our biggest national challenges.
Frances Moore Lappé
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/86882
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You can't really be mad at someone for showing up at your local skatepark with a Vespa, clearing out the bowl, and catching a series of well executed (if only moderately exciting) jumps, so long as they seem to be having a good time at it. This guy at the Bowl of Marseille skatepark in France definitely looks like he's having an excellent time, but let's just hope this doesn't catch on for the sake of those kids just holding their skateboards watching.
via Hypebeast
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/86929
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When it comes to racing Corvettes, Corvette race car builder and driver, Danny Kellermeyer, is the guy to turn to. So who better to ask your Corvette racing questions to than the go-to-guy for the sport? That is exactly what Corvette Central Performance is offering with their latest question and answer page with the well-known racer.
Known as D.J. Race, Kellermeyer will answer all your racing questions on the “Ask D.J. Race” section of Corvette Central Performance’s website. After retiring as an engineer for General Motors, Kellermeyer turned to building Corvette race cars full time and racing them part time. Kellermeyer and his team of Corvette drivers have driven to 26 championships in the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) race series and the Waterford Hills Road Racing, Inc. (WHRRI) race series since 1989, dominating the club racing scene. Just last year, Kellermeyer won 21 out of 23 races he competed in. Needless to say, he knows his stuff when it comes to racing Corvettes.
The most recent questions Kellermeyer has answered on Corvette Central Performance’s website all involve autocrossing. Kevin Williams, a Corvette owner from Orlando, Florida wanted to know what brake pads and rotors were best for his C5 when participating in autocross events. Travis Pintner, a C5 owner from Des Moines, Iowa, wanted to know if he should be concerned about fuel starvation issues when autocrossing his stock Corvette. Another Corvette owner, Tom Rodriguez from Peoria, Illinois asked about the frequency in which brake and transmission fluid changes should be done with regular autocross participation.
By turning to the well-known Corvette builder and race car driver, these Corvette owners and you are guaranteed the best answers possible. To submit a question to D.J. Race, you can email Corvette Central Performance via the Ask D.J. Race page.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/86942
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ATF Jumped the Gun on Silencer Designation
(CN) - Uncle Sam arbitrarily classified a new device as a firearm silencer without sufficient review or a decent explanation why, a federal judge's somewhat scathing opinion states.
"In any agency review case, a reviewing court is generally obligated to uphold a reasonable agency decision that is the product of a rational agency process," U.S. District Judge John Bates wrote Wednesday. "This is not a high bar. But in this case, ATF fails to clear it."
Innovator Enterprises Inc. brought the complaint as the creator of the "Stabilizer Brake," a device that attaches to the muzzle of a rifle with the intent of substantially reducing the firearm recoil and redirecting noise away from the shooter toward the target, among other things.
Typically, such devices, sometimes called "muzzle brakes," are used to reduce recoil by redirecting combustion gases created by discharging a firearm, Bates summarized.
Such devices can also have their disadvantages, however, namely increasing flash, reducing bullet velocity, and increasing the noise experienced by the shooter, the court noted. In developing the Stabilizer Brake, Innovator thought it had solved the latter problem by directing the noise forward, away from the shooter.
On Aug. 2, 2012, Innovator asked the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives to provide a classification letter, designating the device as either a firearm muffler or firearm silencer.
The distinction is critical to a company in Innovator's line of work.
Any device that is deemed to be a "firearm silencer," defined under federal law as "any device for silencing, muffling, or diminishing the report of a portable firearm," is subject to extensive taxation and registration requirements.
By comparison, a device that does not so qualify can be produced, marketed and sold free from federal restraints, subject only to state regulations of varying severity.
The ATF responded six weeks later, saying it determined that the Stabilizer Brake was indeed a silencer.
Innovator sued the agency in the federal court in Washington, D.C., seeking to overturn the agency's determination.
In doing just that, Judge Bates said that he found the Classification Letter in question to be "a brief and informal document."
"It contains hardly any reasoning, and makes no reference to prior agency regulations or interpretations that support its conclusion," he continued. "The letter appears to be a non-binding statement of the agency's position on whether the Stabilizer Brake is a silencer, which will not bear the force of law as applied in future classifications of different devices."
While the Firearms Technology Branch of ATF obviously has far more experience in classifying firearms and firearm silencers than the court - a reality that would ordinarily weigh in favor of deference to the agency - Bates found that, in this case, it failed to use to use state-of-the-art sound metering equipment to actually test the Stabilizer Brake and, instead based its decision solely on the physical characteristics of the device.
"Even if this general approach of relying 'solely' on physical characteristics were sound, the agency did not perform a scientific or rigorous comparison of physical characteristics," the ruling states. "Instead, it consulted a list of six characteristics that are allegedly common to 'known silencers,' and then, if the submitted device has some (unstated) number of those characteristics (here, three out of six was enough), it is a 'firearm silencer.'
"But where did that list of six characteristics come from? The agency never explains whether those six characteristics are present in all (or most?) silencers. The agency never explains whether there are other common characteristics that do not appear on its list. And the agency never explains how many characteristics in common are necessary to be classified as a 'firearm silencer.' What if a device has an 'encapsulator' and an 'end cap; - is it a silencer? What about a device that is attached to the muzzle of a rifle, and is full of "sound dampening material," but has none of the other five physical characteristics-is it a silencer? The agency's approach leaves Innovator (as well as other regulated parties, and reviewing courts) guessing." (Parentheses in original)
From there, the judge's assessment of the ATF's review became even more pointed.
"Hypotheticals further illustrate the weakness of this methodology," he wrote. "A mouse is not an 'elephant' solely because it has three characteristics that are common to known elephants: a tail, gray skin and four legs. A child's bike is not a 'motorcycle' solely because it has three characteristics common to known motorcycles: two rubber tires, handlebars, and a leather seat. And a Bud Light is not 'Single-Malt Scotch,' just because it is frequently served in a glass container, contains alcohol, and is available for purchase at a tavern. To close with a firearm-related example a hockey puck us not a 'rubber bullet,' just because it has rounded sides, is made of vulcanized rubber, and is capable of causing injury when launched at high speeds. Learning that one object has three characteristics in common with some category may not be very helpful in determining whether the object in question belongs in that category.
"To make matters worse, other agency guidance uses a different set of characteristics - the six characteristics in the Classification letter appear not to be an exhaustive definitive list."
Bates remanded the matter back to the ATF for further review. He also granted Innovator summary judgment on its claim under the Administrative Procedure Act, holding that the agency's action must be set aside as arbitrary and capricious because of the agency's failure to "articulate a satisfactory explanation" and "examine the relevant data" in classifying Innovator's Stabilizer Brake as a "firearm silencer."
"That is not the same thing as actually holding that the Stabilizer Brake is not a silencer," Bates wrote. "The court does not have enough information to determine whether the Stabilizer Brake is or is not a silencer; nor is it the court's responsibility to do so. The duty of making that determination - using a rational process - lies with the agency."
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/86945
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NAME Apache::ACEProxy - IDN compatible ACE proxy server SYNOPSIS # in httpd.conf PerlTransHandler Apache::ACEProxy # default uses ::UTF8_RACE DESCRIPTION Apache::ACEProxy is a mod_perl based HTTP proxy server, which handles internationalized domain names correctly. This module automaticaly detects IDNs in HTTP requests and converts them in ACE encoding. Host: headers in HTTP requests are also encoded in ACE. Set your browser's proxy setting to Apache::ACEProxy based server, and you can browse web-sites of multilingual domain names. SUBCLASSING Default ACE conversion is done from UTF8 to RACE. Here's how you customize this. * Declare your ACE encoder class (like DUDE, AMC-ACE-Z). * Inherit from Apache::ACEProxy. * Define "encode()" class method. That's all. Here's an example of implementation, extracted from Apache::ACEProxy::UTF8_RACE. package Apache::ACEProxy::UTF8_RACE; use base qw(Apache::ACEProxy); use Convert::RACE qw(to_race); use Unicode::String qw(utf8); sub encode { my($class, $domain) = @_; return to_race(utf8($domain)->utf16); } Note that you should define "encode()" method as a class method. Argument $domain is a (maybe UTF8) string that your browser sends to the proxy server. At last, remember to add the following line to httpd.conf or so: PerlTransHandler Apache::ACEProxy::UTF8_RACE CAVEATS The default Apache::ACEProxy::UTF8_RACE assumes that input domain names are encoded in UTF8. But currently it's known that: * MSIE's "always send URL as UTF8" preference does NOT ALWAYS send correct UTF8 string. * Netscape 4.x does NOT send URL as UTF8, but in local encodings. So, this proxy server doesn't always work well with all the domains for all the browsers. If you figure out how your browser encodes multilingual domain names, you can write your custom translator as in the section on "SUBCLASSING". See also the Apache::ACEProxy::SJIS_RACE manpage if your mother language is Japanese. Suggestions, patches and reports are welcome about this issue. AUTHOR Tastuhiko Miyagawa This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. This module comes with NO WARRANTY. SEE ALSO the Apache::ProxyPassThru manpage, the LWP::UserAgent manpage, the Unicode::String manpage, the Apache::ACEProxy::UTF8_RACE manpage, the Apache::ACEProxy::SJIS_RACE manpage
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/86949
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Problem with my code
So basically im 14 and just startd c++, i bought a book and am self learning, im doing quite well but i am having trouble with my newest code. Please fix it, and tell me what i can do next time to fix it myself. Thank you.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std ;
int main ()
const double PI = 3.145926536 ;
cout << "6\" circle circumference: " << (PI * 6) << endl ;
enum ;
cout << "I shot a red worth:" << endl ;
cout << "Then shot a blue worth:" << endl ;
cout << "Total scored: " << ( RED + BLUE ) << endl ;
typedef enum { NEGATIVE , POSITIVE } charge ;
charge neutral = NEGATIVE , live = POSITIVE ;
cout << "Neutral wire:" << neutral << endl ;
cout << "Live wire:" << live << endl ;
Return 0 ;
Last edited on
1- use code tags
2- if you want help provide us with information about the problem
It would also help if you explained what the outcome is meant to be. Is this meant to be a program about archery or something because I have absolutely no idea. It would also be helpful to wrap your code in the code tags, like:
int useCodeTags()
cout << "They make things a lot easier to read!" << endl;
return 0;
and also explain what the problem actually is.
Last edited on
oh yea, sorry i forgot, it is supposed ot be a constant. The problem when i compile and run it, is that it says "Expectd unqualified-id before "{""
And as for the tags, i dont know how to do it, ill look into it and try and get it fixed. my bad.
Last edited on
There is a semicolon after the first enum
Ohkay fixed that, but now it says that "Return was not declared in this scope" as well as "expected ; before numeric constant".
Write "return" with lowercase r
Last edited on
Thank you, :D i cant belive a lower case "R" was what was ruining the entire programd :D anyway thanks for the help :) its appreciated.
Topic archived. No new replies allowed.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/86950
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- Contemporary Poetry Review - http://www.cprw.com -
Hart Crane: American Futurist
Posted By Garrick Davis On March 31, 2003 @ 2:45 pm In Featured,Reviews | No Comments
Futurism, the great European art movement of the early 20th century, found an audience of one in the industrialized new world, and that was Hart Crane. He was not the first American poet to be comfortable in the modern world, nor was he the first to use its imagery in his poems: that would be Walt Whitman. But Hart Crane was the first poet in the English language who wished to modernize his art by incorporating the machine, as both an object and a symbol, into his verse. Only he understood the new spirit of Futurism, epitomized in Guillaume Apollinaire’s call “to mechanize poetry as the world has been mechanized” and understood it not as trivial or propagandistic, but as one of the primary functions of poetry in his age.
[private]The age, it must be said, has not recognized its own image. The challenge outlined by Apollinaire is one our contemporary poets have continued to dismiss, which partly explains the antiquated quality of their poetry. And readers continue to describe Crane as a visionary poet, which implies an ability to see certain realities the rest of us cannot share, though the term seems to be used most often to describe precisely those verses where he deals with contemporary experience most concretely. If Crane was visionary it was in this: he sought to understand the forces of his age, and humanize them, and turn them to aesthetic ends.
Still, Crane wrote more than a decade after Futurism’s rapid rise and fall in Europe, and he was never an official member of that movement, which explains his independence from a number of its more eccentric dogmas. For he, unlike his Futurist predecessors, did not believe that the poet should celebrate the machine for its own sake; rather, he was interested in the effect of the machine on man. He also possessed a healthy skepticism concerning the Industrial Revolution, which was a quality the early Futurists lacked conspicuously:
For unless poetry can absorb the machine…then poetry has failed of its full contemporary function. This process does not infer any program of lyrical pandering to the taste of those obsessed by the importance of machinery; nor does it essentially involve even the specific mention of a single mechanical contrivance. It demands, however…an extraordinary capacity for surrender, at least temporarily, to the sensations of urban life.
Crane identified this capacity (as Guillaume Apollinaire and T.S. Eliot had before him) as essential for the modern poet. And, in this surrender to urban life, the machine was not the sole subject but, rather, took its appropriate place within the poet’s experience:
For, contrary to general prejudice, the wonderment experienced in watching nose dives is of less immediate creative promise to poetry than the familiar gesture of a motorist in the modest act of shifting gears. I mean to say that mere romantic speculation on the power and beauty of machinery keeps it at a continual remove; it can not act creatively in our lives until, like the unconscious nervous responses of our bodies, its connotations emanate from within-forming as spontaneous a terminology of poetic reference as the bucolic world of pasture, plow, and barn.
These significant alterations of the Futurist credo explain why Crane’s poetry remains of permanent interest, while so much Futurist literature seems provisional. He considered the Machine Age a fit subject for poetry, but the machine was interesting only insofar as it germinated “new forms of spiritual articulation.” His central preoccupation was always man. Though Crane could create cinematic descriptions of the drama of the modern city:
Out of some subway scuttle, cell or loft
A bedlamite speeds to thy parapets,
Tilting there momently, shrill shirt ballooning,
A jest falls from the speechless caravan.
Down Wall, from girder into street noon leaks,
A rip-tooth of the sky’s acetylene;
All afternoon the cloud-flown derricks turn…
It was the grafting of human responses onto these descriptions of machines which readers found so attractive:
Thy cables breathe the North Atlantic still.
Crane was also fond of using a simple image, and plain language, as counterpoint to an accumulation of technological imagery. The next stanza, a stunning fusion of the modern and Elizabethan idioms, demonstrates this contrast in the fourth line:
Again the traffic lights that skim thy swift
Unfractioned idiom, immaculate sigh of stars,
Beading thy path–condense eternity:
And we have seen night lifted in thine arms.
This device, of giving human characteristics to inanimate objects, seems unique and praiseworthy. Crane attained a great variety of effects in this manner, and it is a gift he has bequeathed to other poets.
This is one gift among many. There is the verbal montage of the opening of “The River.” There is the casual mythological allusion of “For the Marriage of Faustus and Helen.” And then there are sections so intensely preoccupied with machines, and their philosophical implications, that they must be called the fruits of Crane’s interest in Futurist themes:
The nasal whine of power whips a new universe…
Where spouting pillars spoor the evening sky,
Under the looming stacks of the gigantic power house
Stars prick the eyes with sharp ammoniac proverbs,
New verities, new inklings in the velvet hummed
Of dynamos, where hearing’s leash is strummed…
In such passages, a critical intelligence is demonstrably present. We may quibble with its Whitmanic optimism, with its verbal excess, but we cannot say that it is mere rhetorical splendor, the piling up of hyperboles. It has been said that a little of this goes a long way; I would not disagree. Crane was certainly intoxicated by words, but not in the same sense that Swinburne was, whose words lost their denotative force. Rather, he shares with Shelley a general tendency: the almost cancerous multiplication of metaphors. Images lose their proportionality, and become vague in their profusion. However, Crane’s images were often disciplined in a manner that Shelley disdained, namely by deliberation and revision.
It must be said that Crane’s innovative use of technological imagery has not impressed itself upon succeeding generations of poets. That he has not been influential in this regard, and in this most technological of eras, seems puzzling; here is a poet, after all, who has something to teach the present world. This cannot be accounted for so long as we consider the problem one of poetry, rather than one of attitudes that the present world does not share.
Here, a comparison may be useful. It has been said, often and truthfully, that W. H. Auden was the first English poet who felt comfortable in the modern world, who used the imagery of the industrialized world naturally in his poetry. There are two principles that must be noted here: the first is an attitude about history, while the second is a technique. Auden was comfortable in the modern world because he accepted it as natural, as a world which was already given, and which one could only accept, though not uncritically. Of course, that Auden did embrace modern technology quite uncritically is shown in the way he used its imagery in his poems. There, such machines as the automobile and the airplane are to be found, in abundance, but used as mere elements in the background and never as symbols.
The example of Auden is meant to show that the attitude influenced the technique; the two principles are not necessarily, but are often, linked. There is, in fact, a world of difference between Auden and Crane in this regard. Age does not explain it. They were contemporaries: Crane was born eight years earlier. Yet Auden’s attitude seems far more congenial to the contemporary mind. But then to consider the industrial world as part of the natural order is a very modern error, and one of which Hart Crane was never guilty.[/private]
Article printed from Contemporary Poetry Review: http://www.cprw.com
URL to article: http://www.cprw.com/hart-crane-american-futurist
Copyright © 2009 CPRW. All rights reserved.
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Wednesday, May 13, 2009
What Does Your Credit-Card Company Know About You?
Whether it be debt collection or credit-card solicitation, those in the card industry know everything about you. They know where you shop; they know what you buy; and they know what each purchase means. The card industry has built psychological profiles to figure you out. And figure you out it has.
From the New York Times Magazine:
And this one:
Enjoy the rest of the story here.
Related Articles:
When it Comes to Your Credit Card Company's Web Site, You're Not Anonymous
Are Your Shopping Choices Hampering Your Ability to get Credit Line Increases?
Are You A Bankruptcy Risk? Enigmatic Score May Tell Lenders
American Express Will No Longer Use Spending Patterns To Slash Credit Limits
Merchant Codes Make It Easier To Rate Credit Risk By Where You Shop
1. I'm absolutely sure this psychology theory technics will never work for me or for any of my friends.If you have nothing to lose and credit score is ruined anyway,you'l never pay a single penny to the bank...
2. Just wait till this stuff gets included in your FICO.
3. That's why I'm prepared for banks knowledge,before they even realized this...
4. By the way, I hope that no one thinks that data mining and psychological profiling only started in 2002. This has been going on for a lot longer than that.
What I'm also interested in is what other tools the card issuers are using -- in conjunction with the direct purchasing that they see.
5. "Drewbert said...
Just wait till this stuff gets included in your FICO."
Ya, just make sure you don't log into your myfico account at 1:00 a.m or your score will take a hit :)
6. Hey, what if online banking systems start looking at your cookies to see if you frequent CMB, CB, FW etc...?
7. I posted a comment a couple weeks back about how Capitol One took almost two weeks to apply a payment to my available credit. After reading this article as well as several of the related articles....I think I may have an idea as to why they did that. The payment was made shortly after I returned from a trip to Las Vegas. A trip that I paid for with my credit cards. I have a feeling now that they saw a trip to Vegas in my profile and freaked a little. I didn't even think that credit card companies were THAT data addicted. Thanks for posting blogs like this, I really appreciate being as informed as you have helped me to be.
8. OwduaNM, glad I could be of a service (in pointing to the article).
Clutch, I assume everything.
9. CM, you sound mysterious and scary today.
10. Clutch, I am wearing my Darth Vader costume. That's probably why. Ha!
11. I'm logging in right now, when I "should be" at work. Conundrum--I am at work, but working from home today. What does that say?
Also, I thought frugal people paying down their debt bought generic? And night owls login at 1 a.m. It seems to me that these statistics screw the people who do the same "risky" behaviors for different reasons.
12. It was interesting to read about the breadth of crap that Canadian Tire carries in its stores. It reminded me a lot of American drugstores, except that our drugstores don't carry tires. For all I know, Canadian Tire doesn't carry tires either. In that case, Canadians are just as lamebrained as we are -- a comforting thought.
In our last episode, I offered a puzzle for a once-popular song. The puzzle went like this:
if MALE_SIBLING = true then_
OVERWEIGHT = false
One Clutch Cargo of Fort Lee, New Jersey, offered the following correct answer:
He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother
Clutch is now 11 questions away from being a mooyunaire!
13. Spooky, YAY.. bring 'em on!
I have to give them a big WTF???
I use my credit card at grocery stores for the rewards. Did the bozo who came up with the profile figure in people like me? I've NEVER missed a payment on any credit card.
What about people who shop at outlets? Is it risky to buy the expensive, name brand stuff at 50% off MSRP? Do they profile people who make wise buying choices?
15. I've made many purchases at Amazon late at night. I wonder how they will profile me? Maybe I should stick with the brick and mortar stores and make purchases between the hours of 9am and 9pm.
16. Suppose I'm on a credit monitoring site, and test the 'bad' option: "Skip payment on every bill, what happens to my score"? (FICOs near 810, I can pay all my balances with the cash in my wallet, don't worry!) But I'm curious about the other side ...
Does this mark me as "more likely to default"? Are they selling this information about me?
17. It is rather disturbing just how much records are kept about an individual in general and moreso on how each record is carefully scrutinized and analyzed.
Nevertheless, the way things are structured right, I think it's still advantageous (overall) to take advantage of the potential perks while keeping in mind that you are being watched. Of course, once that situation changes, you can bet that I'll jump ship.
It's very safe to say that anything you do not want on the record, don't use/participate in any source that could eventually be traced back to you.
I personally don't really care if my creditors scrutinize my purchases. As an undergrad, I think my spending patterns are quite obvious (and there's very little to hide, in my opinion). In terms of the dollars spent on my credit cards, a good bulk goes towards textbooks, office supplies (moreso in my case, as I also student teach and I have to bring my own materials from time to time) and since I don't dorm, transportation (a good $81 every month here in New York City).
Of course, like any other undergrad, a good volume of my overall transactions take place in fast food, fast casual and the occasional fine dining.
Some of my mannerisms are a little different from the rest of my undergrad colleagues. They know and I'll let them work to find them ;-)
18. CM, aren't you data-mining us for your "10 Credit Questions & Answers" feature?
19. A little bit, V. I know the search words that folks use to find me. And I know that I have more readers from the east coast than the west coast, which explains why I try to keep a posting a schedule that caters more to those who live east.
20. azntg wrote: "It is rather disturbing just how much records are kept about an individual"
I agree. Perhaps we need new privacy laws for the 21rst century. Americans should have a right to privacy.
21. I dont think there psychologists did to well look where they are now :) lol
22. I wonder if they take into consideration that not everyone works from 9 to 5. Just because you are home during the day doesn't make you a deadbeat. I recently switched from a 3 year stint on a swing shift to straight nights. I miss alot of aleep, but never a payment!
23. They did not even need to compile the data to figure this out. Any items that are typically associated with the lower social classes are going to be associated with higher default rates.
This just confirms the obvious.
24. TU did an interesting study of actual risk by state. The ENTIRE Southeastern US and most of the Southwest has a lot more defaulters living in those states than elsewhere.
The least likely to default state in the US is North Dakota.
25. I just canceled my Chase credit card because of their high interest rate which they refused to reduce or remove because of my excellent credit record. Considering that today 4/23, Congress is reviewing the credit industry is being investigated regarding unfair consumer practices with credit card companies charges. Since I have other credit cards I don’t need Chase Bank or their credit cards.
26. There are a million credit transactions everyday; and it’s probably not surprising that credit card companies collect all data and monitor spending patterns to determine how credit-worthy a consumer is.
Credit card companies utilize spending information using your credit card as it gives them an idea about your financial stability. A sudden change in your spending information may imply that you might be facing financial dilemmas. This can make the company decide to either decrease your credit limit or increase your interest rate. It is not yet really certain how much of a factor what type of changes in spending behavior can determine which ones are great credit risks; but there’s a likelihood that expenditures on second-hand stores, casinos, or bail bond services can raise the red flag.
Card companies also use this information for other purposes as well also like marketing other bank products or detect suspicious activities on your card. Doesn’t this sound too much of an incursion to your privacy? It smacks of too much Big Brother, I’d say!
27. Credit card companies know way too much, and if they don't know they'll find out. A while back I got into trouble with one of my accounts, and they had the gall to call up my ex-wife looking for me. We've been divorced for 17 years; I didn't even know where she was. (I got the message through a brother-in-law whom she was able to contact).
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CES 2013: 10 Sleek Devices Running Windows 8
Lenovo ThinkPad Helix
Lenovo's Helix is another modular design from the Chinese OEM. The 11.6-inch, 1,080p Helix is an incredibly thin Ultrabook that sports the understated and gorgeous ThinkPad look. The trick is in the detachable lid. The Helix can reattach to the dock in the traditional laptop sense, or backward, effectively turning the machine into a thick tablet with laudable battery life. In traditional laptop and tablet mode, the Helix makes a great impression. The Helix will launch for $1,499 in late February.
Next Page
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Solomon reminds us that God is sovereign and no one can argue with Him. Or as James Weldon Johnson reminds us: “Your arms are too short to box with God.” The word “sovereign” is both a noun and verb. As a verb it means “to rule,” and as a noun it means “king” or “master” or “absolute ruler.” God’s sovereignty means that He is in charge of the entire universe all the time.
Sovereignty reminds us that God is God and we are not. When we think we’re ready to advise God on how to run the universe, he just looks at us and says, “How many stripes do you have on your sleeve?” It’s like a person who visits my house and starts to criticize things. He doesn’t like the color of the wallpaper, he doesn’t like the decorations, he doesn’t like the picture that hangs over the kitchen table. Once he is finished with his criticism, only one comment is appropriate. “Mister, whose name is on the title deed to this house? When you start paying the bills around here, you get a vote on the decorating. Until then, feel free to say nothing.” Sovereignty puts us in the place where we feel free to say nothing about the way God runs the universe.
Daniel 4 tells the story of a pagan king who learned the truth about God’s sovereignty the hard way. As Nebuchadnezzar took a walk on the roof of the royal palace, he began to say, “Is this not the great Babylon I have built as the royal residence, by my mighty power and for the glory of my majesty?” (v. 30). In that very moment the mightiest man on earth lost his mind, began to run through the streets of Babylon, shedding his clothes as he went, bellowing like a cow. He made his way outside and began to live with the cattle. His hair grew long and his nails were like the claws of a bird. Seven years later he came to his senses. Then the king gives us the moral of the story in verse 35: “All the peoples of the earth are regarded as nothing. He does as he pleases with the powers of heaven and the peoples of the earth. No one can hold back his hand or say, ‘What have you done?’” You will search through all 66 books of the Bible and you won’t find a better statement of what God’s sovereignty really means.
Let’s take a lesson from a pagan king. All God’s ways are just. And those who walk in pride he is able to humble.
My Father, create in me a clean heart and renew a right spirit within me. Amen.
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Music Editor Matt Turner recently interviewed guitarist Phil Keaggy.
Matt: When you look back on the year 2000, what makes you grin the most?
Phil: Probably just how this "Uncle Duke" album happened. I just kind of created these songs as a gift to my uncle. My dad passed away 19 years ago, and Uncle Duke is very healthy, 74 years old, that's how old my dad was when he passed away. Uncle Duke just goes for it. He started writing these poems and stories and sent them to me in the mail the first time. I made a CD for him, and I'd say, "Here you go, Uncle Duke." Then he started faxing me more words and the heading of the songs. Say for instance, Too Much Green. It would say, "Music by Phil Keaggy, Words by Dave Keaggy." So he would send these songs, and head the top as if I'd already written the music for it. He sent about 23 poems and stories, and I ended up putting 11 of them to music. When he got a shipment of about 60 of them a few weeks ago, he just couldn't believe it. It was an honorary thing; I just wanted to bless him.
Matt: Has your uncle been a poet all of his life?
Phil: Actually, some of the words, such as Connie's Song, Poem Without a Name, and Hut City, those were all written in 1945. Then he wrote many of the other ones this year and in the past years.
Matt: Has this been good for you, working with your uncle and getting in touch with your roots?
Phil: It's been cool. It's also put me in touch with my uncle in a way that I hadn't made a connection with him before. I've always admired him, always looked up to him. He was involved in training Olympian archers. He's a pool shark, tournament pro pool player and all that sort of stuff, and he's my only living uncle. I think when it comes down to it, what really gave me a grin this year was seeing this album come together. Inseparable was an album with a lot of mood to it.
Matt: There is an intensity on Inseparable that is not as evident on other albums. Is that showing where you are now?
Phil: It's probably where I was in the midst of writing this. It's not so much that every song is a direct correlation to what I'm going through. I was reading a lot about events in the world and people and, of course, if you let it happen to you, the news can get to you and you start grieving for people and their heartaches and their hardships, and people that you know and love who've perhaps lost a loved one, and just heaviness in general. The Bible talks about how God wants to give us the mantle of praise instead of the spirit of heaviness. That's why the song Heavy Heart contains the message, "Children whatever you go through, remember I'm with you" and those kinds of things, and, "I'll always love you." When it come down to it, at the end of the day, the most important thing to remember is that there is a God who is real and who loves us, and that's what I wanted to bring out.
Matt: Some of your songs on this record have Scripture in them and are quoting Jesus.
Phil: Absolutely. I think the project I want to do next is going to have even more Scripture in it. I know that entertainment is entertainment and Christian music is Christian music, but Christian music doesn't save souls. It can encourage a heart and be a signpost pointing someone in the right direction, but it's the Word of God that has the power to save and change us and that's what I was hoping to do with the project in the future. I don't know exactly when and how it will begin, but I know that it's going to come. I think that Inseparable is a hard album for people who have a busy, fast-paced life. It's hard to sit down and take in a project like that.
Matt: Why the instrumental album on top of the regular album of Lights of Madrid?
Phil: The Lights of Madrid album was originally a 10-song album that I completed about two years ago, because I was wrapping up Inseparable about January last year. The year before, in January, I recorded the album that was originally called Touch of Spain and it had 10 songs. Then Word created this new label, Word Artisan. They said, "Let's take the Unison (which was a small company owned by Word) album that never came out and let's add five more songs to it. So I took Allegria and remixed it and added more instruments to it and strings, that and Inspiration both came from the Still Life album. Then I created Caliente, which is new, and Lady Slippers, which is new, and an excerpt from the Brushstrokes album, called Hungarian Suite, it's the last part of that which had a Spanish flavor to it, so I ended up doing that. I ended up calling Hungarian Suite Candlelight.
Matt: What's your favorite song on Inseparable?
Phil: I think it might be a tie. There's something about Chalice that moves me, because I think that's where a lot of people are at, and I tried to create something that would encourage people and realize that suffering is not completely pointless, God can use it in our lives. Not that anyone wants to embrace it, and it's going to happen to everyone at some point in their life, whether it's physical, emotional, or spiritual suffering of some sort. I was inspired by C.S. Lewis and Oswald Chambers. The content of that song really wouldn't have come into being without the influence of those men and their writings. I also like Inseparable a lot, which is why I did a reprise of it. I think it's a very interesting melody; Inseparable and Litany to the Spirit are the other ones that are neck and neck. I think those are the songs that mean the most to me.
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In Touch Daily Devotional
by Dr. Charles Stanley
November 3, 2006
How Prayer Builds Up the Saints
Ephesians 1:17-23
Paul consistently kept a divine perspective in his prayers. First of all, he kept the character of God in the forefront of his thinking. He also recognized those who were thriving spiritually, thanked God for them, and asked the Lord to build up the saints.
In the first chapter of Ephesians, Paul made four petitions, which still apply to believers today. First, he asked God to give the Spirit of wisdom and revelation so they—and we—may know him better. Paul wanted the Holy Spirit to—one—reveal to us the deeper truths of our relationship with Christ—two—to illuminate our minds with understanding, and—three—to give us the wisdom to apply what we learn.
The second request the apostle Paul made was for the saints to be filled with hope. He asked God to give us an understanding of what we have in Christ today… and for eternity. When our minds took hold of these eternal truths, he knew we would overflow with hope.
Thirdly, Paul asked that we would recognize who we have become. He prayed for us to understand that we are a gift from the Father to the Son. Each believer is a part of Jesus’ inheritance and valuable to Him.
Finally, the apostle prayed the saints would experience the Spirit’s supernatural power working in our lives. Paul’s desire is that we would move from mere head knowledge to practical understanding. So, he asked the Lord to make that happen.
Paul recognized that when we deepen our comprehension of God, accept who we are in Christ, and encounter the indwelling Spirit’s awesome power, we will be able to face whatever comes our way. Let’s commit to offering these types of prayers to God on behalf of others.
The Ways of God
from Dr. Charles Stanley
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[sword-devel] Possible Solution to copyright problems
Don A. Elbourne Jr. [email protected]
Tue, 10 Sep 2002 08:51:23 -0500
I might be wrong in this, but I don't believe the publishers of the most
popular bible translations have been approached with the possibility of
marketing their products through Sword. I believe they have only been
contacted with requests to give their product away for free. If I understand
correctly, they have denied these requests. - because they are low-down
money-grubbing, good-for-nothing, miserly evil hordes bent on sucking as
much filthy lucre out of the poor Christian community as they possibly can.
(in case you need a hint, that last phrase was sarcasm)
by grace alone,
Don A. Elbourne Jr.
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(skip this header)
Tuesday, July 29, 2014
Connecticut Post
ctpost.com Businesses
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Andy Piascik: Austerity hits home with a vengeance
Published 5:14 pm, Thursday, May 30, 2013
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Austerity is a word we don't hear much in the United States, as business elites, politicians and the corporate media avoid the word at all costs. They talk instead at great length about "deficits," "out-of-control spending," and the need for all of us to "share the pain." This is a convenient dodge and an intentional one, for it shifts attention away from the super rich and the unprecedented upward redistribution of wealth we've experienced in the last 40 years.
People in the rest of the world, as well as people of color here, by contrast, are all too familiar with austerity. They've been force-fed it in large doses over many years, largely to the benefit of U.S. investors and often literally at gunpoint. Though each case varies, the general scenario is similar: to qualify for much-needed, high-interest loans, states around the globe cut social programs, submit to privatization of public services, bust unions and slash wages while loosening regulations that protect the environment and workplaces.
The results invariably are the further impoverishment of the vast majority, greater profits for investors and an increase in the purchase by states of the weaponry required to quell the social unrest that generally follows (weaponry the U.S. is all too eager to supply). Never mind the misery of large swaths of the populace, the violent repression of dissent, overflowing prisons or all those dead bodies; to business elites, all are acceptable offshoots of profit-taking. Name a country in the global south and it has almost certainly been through this ringer, often more than once and sometimes with no end.
Now the same phenomenon is being inflicted on the people of the industrialized north, beginning with Europe, which was hit earlier and more harshly than the United States. With few exceptions, the people of the nations of Europe have experienced a decline in recent years in their living standards, all except for corporate and banking elites, who are wealthier than ever. Since the fall of Communism, Eastern Europe -- to cite just the most extreme case -- has become a huge new source of highly profitable investment opportunities for global capital, and the resulting pauperization of that part of the world has, for now, shattered the dreams of 1989-90.
The U.S. is no longer immune to austerity and President Obama's decision to slash Social Security and Medicare benefits is only the latest blow. As living standards for most of us fall ever lower, the richest of the rich grow ever richer, far richer than any ruling class has ever been. Austerity is and will continue to be a truly bipartisan affair and liberals who think the Democrats are a significant alternative and right-wingers who believe the Democrats have been taken over by Marxist-Leninists would do well to consider that (1) more wealth was redistributed from the 99 percent to the super rich under Clinton than Reagan and (2) President Obama, with his cohort of Goldman Sachs advisers and GE executives, is carrying out virtually the same policies as his predecessor.
For much of the 20th century, a large portion of the U.S. population was shielded from the ravages of global capitalism and believed they had a stake in empire. Though those illusions are rapidly being shed, many turn not to resistance but to narcotics such as alcohol, pornography and sports; more ominous is the state's incessant and intimidating call to rally around the flag in opposition to this season's bogeyman -- Saddam Hussein, Qaddaffi, Chavez, bin Laden, Assad, Milosevic, Aristide, Ahmadinejad, Kim Jong-Un, and on and on and on.
The most effective and dangerous ploy, however, is the super rich's trick of fomenting divisions within the populace where they might otherwise be united. Thus we get the hilarious spectacle of welfare queen Michele Bachmann, a long-time recipient of large agribusiness handouts, rallying a segment of the population by railing against benefit programs for the poor and working class, her words received by the intelligentsia with grim seriousness rather than the derision they warrant.
From the Arab Spring to the ongoing and frequently massive demonstrations in England, Portugal, Spain, Greece and other countries in Europe to -- perhaps most significantly -- the Bolivarian Revolution sweeping Latin America, the dictates of the business class have been met with extraordinary resistance. Domestically, vibrant organizing in communities of color along with Occupy Wall Street and its hundreds of offshoots are leading the way. The tasks now are to revitalize the Occupy spirit, expand resistance and strengthen solidarity with people around the world who are fighting the same battle we are. Those are not easy tasks but the alternative is increasingly becoming unthinkable.
Andy Piascik of Bridgeport writes for Z Magazine and www.zcommunications.org
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Resources to aid your Understanding
Subtitle:Since '11' can be rightly thought of as the New World Order Number, this double '11' is most shocking. It seems to confirm the complicity of both Bush Presidents and their CFR advisors, in this most shocking of terrorist attacks. The number '11' simply surrounds this attack and for very good additional reason: it is a primary number in Mind Control.
Learn how to protect yourself, your loved ones!
"NEWS BRIEF: "Infamous Quote from George Herbert Walker Bush", September 11, 1990, President George Bush speaking to U.S. Congress, Joint Session, telemange.ca, http://quotes.liberty-tree.ca/quote/george_bush_quote_2cc0
I find it highly interesting that, precisely 11 years to the day after President Bush delivered this speech praising the New World Order, and declaring it to be an inevitable fact, a mighty blow was struck to move the world finally into this global world system. The New World Order was begun by Senior Bush and may be finalized by the Junior Bush. The Kingdom of Antichrist [the New World Order] thus occurred between the Bush's! That is quite a legacy for the Skull and Bones Society, is it not?
In NEWS1501, concerning the Chinese attack and capture of our Naval spy plane, we reported that three '11's undergirded that event. In our explanation of why a triplicate of numbers was important to Illuminati Mind Control, we said:
"The Illuminati might logically want to reassure all occultists that no crew member would return home to "spill the beans" on what really occurred. Therefore, the three sets of elevens undergirding this incident would tell fellow occultists that Illuminati Mind Control was in charge of this situation. Certainly, no crew member has said anything that contradicts the official government line, at least nothing that has been reported. Most elite troops today in our armed services have been thoroughly programmed with sophisticated Mind Control techniques, without them being aware of it. These 19 members of this Aries II surveillance plane would certainly have been mentally programmed so they would follow orders exactly and so they would not crack under even the most tortuous enemy interrogation.
"However, to ensure that no crew member would say anything revealing or damaging to the government, it is highly probable that the crew members were "reverse interrogated" by our own military, and were given a pre-set code that would erase all memory in their minds.
Therefore, it seems highly "coincidental" that Illuminati Mind Control uses three sets of eleven as a mental code that will erase all memory of a particular event or series of events from the mind of the victim. Cisco Wheeler, former Illuminist who has co-authored several books on Illuminati Mind Control, says that, when Illuminati handlers want to erase a particular segment of the mind, they would flash a sequence of "11 11 11". After the Mind Control victim received this signal, they would remember nothing of the event they had just experienced!"
An alert listener has just emailed us to tell us how he was immediately alerted to this flashing of three sets of '11' by the news broadcast of the bombing of the World Trade Center. Listen to his email:
"I spotted the three eleven's on the morning of the event, within the first few hours of the news coverage ... I was sitting with my fiancée on the couch, and I heard the news anchor make a point of saying, 'This day, September 11th, American Airlines flight 11 crashed into the north tower ...' and so on. I leaped off the couch, and said 'I can't believe it! But where's the third 11?' Within a matter of minutes, the news anchor then revealed that on this flight were 11 crew members -- and that was how she said it. She made it a point to announce that there were '11 crew members' within minutes of pronouncing the first two 11's."
"But part of me thinks it doesn't specifically matter how they get out the 11's -- if this is indeed an Illuminati mind code signal, similar to the 'Queen of Diamonds' in the movie 'The Manchurian Candidate'. Remember how the assassin mind slave responded whenever he saw a Queen of Diamonds, regardless of where. His girlfriend even showed up in a Queen of Diamonds costume toward the end of the film, which set him off unexpectedly. If the numbers are being used to re-activate or de-activate operatives, then they would be responding to consecutive sets of 11 given within short periods of time -- regardless of how they appeared. Perhaps the key is flashing the number 11 as often as possible, so that inevitably, the operatives will be activated accordingly."
This listener has the facts down perfectly. The author of the news piece that the news anchor presented made sure that he announced the news in such a way as to include the number '11' three times. Illuminati Mind Control is definitely at work here, both to erase memory of any involvement anyone might have had with the event or to trigger another aspect of the pre-programming of the Mind Control victim.
As we have reported in other recent articles, the Illuminati was definitely the planning and the driving force behind these attacks; therefore, it is not inconceivable that they have individuals within society whose minds have been pre-programmed to accomplish a certain act of terrorism at a certain place and at a certain time. These pre-set program triggers would set them off to do the act they have been programmed to accomplish.
It is a very serious matter to have the event so flooded with '11's'. This may be a signal that much more is planned, and probably soon.
Some of these '11's listed below can be manipulated by man, and some cannot. This fact is the reason we have our World War III illustration showing Satan manipulating the world events so as to produce the scenario by which he can control the world and stage the appearance of his man, Antichrist.
* Flight 11 - 92 on board - 9 + 2 = 11
* Flight 77 - 65 on board - 6 + 5 = 11
* The only operating ferry was Number 11, on 33rd Street.
This event is entirely covered over with '11's. To read the other instances of '11', read NEWS1533 and NEWS1538. Truly, the peoples of the world are witnessing the New World Order being initialized right in front of our eyes! Further, the massive usage of this number clearly indicates that significant individuals in our country have been mind programmed, so they will react to such a programming number.
Finally, we would love to hear from you.
You can contact us by mail or email.
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Winners and Losers: Netflix Speeds Up, Video for Hard Job
From a greeting card giant's savvy viral video catching fire to a key Best Buy executive calling it quits, here's a rundown of the week's smartest moves and biggest blunders in the business world.
Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) -- Winner
Johnson & Johnson's signature Band-Aids and its "No More Tears" baby shampoo won't be necessary after the consumer and pharmaceuticals giant posted better than expected quarterly results.
Adjusted earnings climbed to $1.54 a share from a $1.22 a share showing a year earlier. Analysts were holding out for a profit of $1.48 a share. Revenue also clocked in better than expected, topping $18 billion. A good report sometimes isn't enough to please the market, but Johnson & Johnson kept the positive vibes coming by raising its forecast for all of 2014.
US Airways -- Loser
It's probably the nightmare of anyone working social media for a major corporation. You're surfing the Web between posting corporate tweets, you come across something shockingly naughty, and you want to share it with a friend so you copy the link.
Unfortunately you forget to update your copied link when publicly responding to a client on Twitter, only to realize that you're sending a link of a naked woman getting intimate with a model airplane to more than 420,000 followers. This is what happened to American Airlines Group's (AAL) US Airways on Monday. It quickly deleted the tweet, but not before word spread of the deed.
Accidents happen. Even folks on top of the social media universe are human. It's still embarrassing.
Netflix (NFLX) -- Winner
Comcast (CMCSK) customers should experience better Netflix connections. We figured this would happen back in February when Netflix struck a deal with the country's largest cable and broadband Internet provider to improve video quality, but now it's official.
Netflix publishes monthly data on connection speeds for its service across all of the leading access providers. It's a smart move by Netflix, shaming the slower players at a time when more than 33 million families in this country are counting on Netflix as active subscribers. On Monday it revealed that Comcast speeds have improved dramatically, up 66 percent in March relative to where they were in January.
We still don't know what kind of financial considerations Netflix had to offer to make this happen, but it seems as if the public shaming is starting to improve things for customers.
Best Buy (BBY) -- Loser
Best Buy's stock was one of last year's biggest winners, but it's been a dud in 2014 as its turnaround plans haven't panned out. Things got worse this week when Shawn Score -- the consumer electronics retailer's president of U.S. retail stores -- announced that he was retiring.
The abrupt departure is troublesome, and not just because it's a 48-year old retiring. Score had been promoted just seven months ago. Clearly there's something not right at Best Buy if someone is stepping down just months after stepping up.
American Greetings -- Winner
If US Airways flunked out in social media this week, American Greetings was its star pupil. The greeting card giant scored a viral hit with a video about an employment opening billed as an interview for World's Hardest Job.
There's no point in playing spoiler if you haven't seen the video, but let's just say that the timing is relevant for the company behind the video to benefit from its impact. The clip attracted more than 3 million views in the first two days after being uploaded on Sunday. Well done, American Greetings.
Motley Fool contributor Rick Munarriz owns shares of Netflix. The Motley Fool recommends Johnson & Johnson and Netflix. The Motley Fool owns shares of Johnson & Johnson and Netflix. Try any of our newsletter services free for 30 days.
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3 votes
Ben Affleck: Republicans 'Had a Chance'
If I remember right, Ben Affleck liked Ron Paul did he not? He might've voted for Obama but I remember him being on a particular ill Maher show and they all talked positively about Ron Paul. After reading this article, wondering if Affleck was supporting the good doctor before the RNC shenanigans.
Comment viewing options
Just a liberal
Hollywood actor going with that commie crowd. Ugh.
Highly doubt it, he is with
Highly doubt it, he is with the Hollyweird crowd.
Southern Agrarian
Being pals with Matt Damon and Kevin Smith, I think not.
Being pals with über-ferocious liberal extremists Matt Damon and Kevin Smith, I think not. Or at least, not publicly.
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DataStax Support Forums » Tag: Fedora - Recent Posts Software, Support, and Training for Apache Cassandra en-US Tue, 29 Jul 2014 14:03:56 +0000 <![CDATA[Search]]> q nickmbailey on "Cassandra RPM" Wed, 31 Aug 2011 06:58:30 +0000 nickmbailey 483@ <p>There is an init script and spec file in the cassandra trunk already. Also there are rpms hosted at Any improvements to the spec file or init script are appreciated though. Feel free to open a ticket at <a href="" rel="nofollow"></a>. </p> derekAndree on "Cassandra RPM" Tue, 30 Aug 2011 22:41:03 +0000 derekAndree 482@ <p>I have an init script I'd be willing to donate, but I'm sure there must be some out there already. I currently roll my own RPMs for cassandra with configuration modified to suit our environment. </p> nickmbailey on "Cassandra RPM" Thu, 18 Aug 2011 08:45:52 +0000 nickmbailey 448@ <p>Is there any reason any improvements can't be incorporated back into the spec file and init script included in the main cassandra project? </p> yaniv on "Cassandra RPM" Thu, 18 Aug 2011 05:09:16 +0000 yaniv 446@ <p>New RPM-based distributions for the Apache Cassandra Project is available at Google Code.</p> <p><a></a> </p>
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Definitions for atmospherically
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word atmospherically
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
at•mos•pher•icˌæt məsˈfɛr ɪk, -ˈfɪər-(adj.)
also at`mos•pher′i•cal
1. pertaining to, existing in, produced by, or consisting of the atmosphere:
atmospheric storms.
Category: Meteorology
2. resembling or suggestive of the atmosphere; softened and muted; hazy:
atmospheric effects.
3. having or producing a distinct emotional or esthetic tone, mood, or quality:
atmospheric lighting.
Origin of atmospheric:
1. atmospherically(Adverb)
In an atmospheric manner.
Webster Dictionary
1. Atmospherically(adverb)
in relation to the atmosphere
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GM daimlerchrysler
Thu, 2007-05-03 11:04Kevin Grandia
Kevin Grandia's picture
Honda's "Evironmentology" means fighting greenhouse gas regulations
“Environmentology” is Honda's buzzword for its commitment to the environment. To quote Honda's environment statement:
“Honda will pursue challenging goals for the conservation of the global environment. As a responsible member of society whose task lies in the preservation of the global environment…”
While Honda's word are commendable (and I am big fan of their hybrid line-up), their actions on the environment are much less so.
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What Are Philosophy-Based Design Patterns?
Is studying philosophy academic? After all, we don't go anywhere by studying it. (See Sidebar 1. Classical Philosophy vs. Analytic Philosophy for a full discussion of philosophy's limitations.) I think that the answer is no, especially if you are a software engineer. A great deal of a software engineering is about analyzing a portion of the real world and trying to "copy" that reality into a software system. What could be a richer source for ideas about reality analysis than philosophy? We may not expect philosophy to actually solve the big questions of life, but we surely can expect to get ideas from philosophy about new ways of viewing and exploring reality (ideas that can help us solve our own software design issues). After all, some of the greatest minds ever have contributed to this huge collection of ideas called philosophy.
In fact, any current software design concept -- deliberately or not -- leans on solid philosophical foundations. For example, one of the most fundamental ideas of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is the idea of instantiation. Instantiation means that the nature of any runtime element (object, instance, etc.), which is actually a segment of memory that carries a detailed description of an actual, real-world entity, was captured and defined in an abstract element. This element is the class, an immutable entity (as long as the software is in a runtime state) that exists only in a separate abstract sphere, which is actually the code itself (a collection of English-like language words). The similarities between this fundamental OOP principle and Plato's Theory of Forms are clear. The Forms Theory argues that:
• There exists a world of abstracts or forms, completely independent from the empirical, real world.
• Each form is composed of a certain collection of properties (for example, "type of fabric" is a property of "garment").
• In parallel to the forms' abstract world, an empirical world exists: the world we experience with our senses.
• The empirical world contains concrete objects, where each concrete object is derived from one of the parallel abstract world's forms.
The idea of Philosophy-Based Design Patterns presented in this article contends that current software design's philosophical origins must be challenged from time to time (especially in cases where our current view of reality doesn't provide us with a sufficient software design solution), and that old foundations must be replaced with new ones.
The structure of a Philosophy-Based Design Pattern goes like this:
1. Purpose -- a short description of the kind of design problems that the Philosophy-Based Pattern should handle
2. Motivation -- the motivation definition, based on an example of a software design problem
3. Philosophical Background -- a brief discussion about some of the insights that the world of philosophy has gained regarding the problem at stake
4. Current Philosophy-Based Pattern -- a description of the philosophical idea that functions as a model for how things are done today
5. Suggested Philosophy-Based Pattern -- a pattern suggesting an alternative philosophical idea to become, in certain cases, the model for design solutions
6. Implementation Example -- a demonstration of an implementation of the suggested Philosophy-Based Pattern
Following is an example of such a philosophy-based pattern that relates to the way object instantiation might look. Find other philosophy-based patterns at philosoftware.com.
Philosophy-Based Design Pattern: Inhibition Pattern
To better understand Philosophy-Based Design Patterns, consider the Inhibition Pattern.
The purpose of this design pattern is to enable inhibition of inherited properties and methods that do not exist in the successor object.
One of the most prominent features of the object model (taxonomy of objects or classes that reflect the real-world entities that are relevant to a given application) is the fact that there is a direct relationship between the degree of complexity of an object and its depth within the tree. That is, as we descend the object model from its root toward its leaves -- or in other words, as we move through the taxonomy from the abstract toward the concrete -- we will encounter objects that have more public/protected properties and more public/protected methods.
This phenomenon is the outcome the object-oriented model's defining the relations between abstract and concrete objects on Inheritance. However, we always have the option to add to the concrete object properties and behavior that won't exist in the context of its abstract base object. The opposite action -- adding to the abstract object public/protected properties or behavior that won't exist in the context of the concrete successor -- is impossible, because all public/protected properties and behavior are inherited.
Click here for larger image
Figure 1. The Relations Between Abstract and Concrete Objects
Just to exemplify this issue, let's take a look at the Object class, which serves as the root object of the .NET Framework object model. It contains very little information and very few highly generic functions, such as ToString() or Equals(). However, the Button class, located somewhere in the lower, more concrete part of the .NET taxonomy, contains many features and functions, some of which were inherited from the long branch of its ancestors (including the Object class), and some others which are unique.
Another element that characterizes the object model is the existence of split junctions. Each such junction splits the taxonomy into two or more different branches of classes, which share the same base classes but completely differ from each other from the point of the split junction and further. An example of such a split junction could be a class that functions as a base class for all GUI classes (GUIObject). From that point, the hierarchy is separated into the following:
• GUIPrimitive is the base class of all the GUI objects that are used for real interaction with the user (information display or information acceptance), such as Button or TreeView.
• GUIContainer is the basis for the GUI objects that are used as envelopes (containing other GUIContainers and of course GUIPrimitives), such as a Panel or GroupBox.
Combining the two mentioned characteristics of the object model reveals the following picture -- as we descend the object model, we will notice the following phenomena:
• The level of object complexity increases.
• We will probably encounter junctions, which split the taxonomy into two or more class hierarchies, which have a completely identical "tail" and completely different "head."
Figure 2. The GUI Object Model
We may ask ourselves whether an object model that "behaves" as described will always fit our needs as software engineers, which is to reflect reality in the most precise and efficient way.
Inhibition Pattern Use Case
Suppose that we want to build a drawing application that allows the addition of various graphical objects to a canvas and allows editing of various parameters of those objects such as location, size, color and so on. A quick analysis of the shapes reveals that polylines, rectangles and triangles share some properties that do not exist in circles. For example, they all have a set of straight lines defining their outline. Therefore, presumably, when we define the object model for this application, a new class may well be built that expresses the differentiation between forms that are defined by a set of edges and those that aren't. We may call this new class ShapeWithEdges. Figure 3 shows the enhanced object model.
Figure 3. An Object Model That Relates to the Line Characteristics
The root class is the class Shape, which contains the basic elements of the shape (for example, the function Draw). The Shape class is inherited by the ShapeWithEdges and the Circle classes, which in turn will add their own new properties and behavior (for example, list of Edges, which will be added to ShapeWithEdges, and the Radius, which will be added to the Circle).
Alternatively, we might want to define the shape's fill descriptor for shapes that are occupying space. A class named Fill that incorporates relevant information such as color fill, gradient and texture probably will satisfy our needs, but the question is which class from the said object model should contain this Fill object. It does not belong to the Shape class, as this property is foreign to the Polyline class, so we probably should add a new class: ShapeWithFill. Like the ShapeWithEdges class in the preceding example, ShapeWithFill expresses the differentiation between the shapes that could be filled and those that couldn't (see Figure 4).
Figure 4. An Object Model That Relates to the Fill Characteristics
But what about a situation where we want to express these two properties in the same object model? Apparently, we have to duplicate one of the expansion dimensions. For example, we can add a Fill object to the classes that should have it (Circle, Rectangle, Triangle) -- Example 1.
Figure 5. An Object Model That Relates to the Both Fill and Line Characteristics
Alternatively, we can add a list of Edges to the classes that should have this list (Polyline, Rectangle, Triangle) -- Example 2.
Figure 6. Another Object Model That Relates to the Both Fill and Line Characteristics
Both new models increase the level of complexity for maintaining the model, so we may want to look for a slightly different way to build a model, a way that will allow us to overcome this aforementioned problem.
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For sites promoting Christian humanism. Sites opposing humanism on Christian grounds should submit to the Opposing Views category.
Promoting a humanistic Christianity. There's a strong tradition in Roman Catholicism of Christian humanism; some Protestants have also promoted a Christian humanism or a Biblical humanism.
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For sites and pages which are primarily writings about humanism, including essays and news. Humanism is not identical with atheism, humanitarianism, ethics, or naturalism -- if the topic is not explicitly humanism, submit to another category. To be included in the humanism category, be sure that humanism is actually mentioned on the page or site in a way that makes it clear that this is the central topic of your page or site. For opposing views, please submit to the appropriate category. For specific humanism (such as Christian humanism) submit to the appropriate subcategory of humanism.
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Thread: Random Thoughts
View Single Post
Old 09-10-2012, 10:18 PM
tamadrm tamadrm is offline
Platinum Member
Join Date: Nov 2010
Posts: 5,481
Default Re: Random Thoughts
That's not a real hot dog:):):).You have to go the the REAL Coney Island in Brooklyn N.Y.,and go the Nathans Famous on the boardwalk,and get them with mustard and saurkraut and a kinish or Nathans Famous fries (chips to my UK buds)
Or go to West 72 street and Broadway in Manhattan and get a Greys Papya dog.Still only 1 dollar US.just don't ask whats in them,and order them like a Buddist..."make me one with everything".:)
I guess,in different parts of the US,we'll still argue over who's got the best BBQ,pizza,fried chicken and hotdogs among other things.
Steve B
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The Gravity Well
Anne Valente
Sarah tells me that we are ghosts, all of us. She says that ghosts are nothing more than afterimages of ourselves, or pre-images, that blurred streaks and blown-open doors are only our own bodies in some parallel space, passing through the same rooms we once occupied, rooms we will occupy, rooms we settle into right now.
Sarah began talking like this when her amniotic membrane ruptured.
When I brought her home from the hospital, she laid in bed for two days, lights dimmed. I went to the pharmacy, filled her pain prescription, stood in line too close to the seasonal aisle, the sidewalk chalk and water guns. That night, as I lay next to her watching the ceiling, waiting to fall asleep, she told me through the dark that the earth felt like an anchor, that gravity detained her, a drowned weight.
I thought she meant the pressure. I thought she meant a weight of absence so vast, and not the ways that gravity holds time.
I went to work, organized my pencils. I drank five cups of coffee and waited until mid-morning to call home, and when I did, Sarah never answered, she must have been sleeping. But when I came home from work, she was sitting up in bed reading. She didn’t even look up.
Did you know everything is relative? she asked. And then she mentioned ghosts, how so many iterations of ourselves split apart inside the earth’s pull.
Sarah says we are elsewhere, always. That there are versions of both of us sliding through other planes, all the time. She says there are loopholes, that the right energy opens their channels, prevents their collapse. She says our baby didn’t really die, that she is with us somewhere else, some other space in time. When she says this, I want to believe her. I rub her back and touch her palms. But all I imagine are two panes of glass, sliding past each other with nothing in between.
When Sarah finally got out of bed, we went to the park. We sat on a blanket in the shade, watched people walk their dogs, read on benches. We watched two kids fly a kite in a nearby field.
Gravity controls the passage of time, Sarah said to me, though her gaze followed the kids. Because we’re here, on this planet, we have no concept of how time can shift.
She told me we are a gravity well, that light blueshifts and contracts in this unbearable core of pressure. She said that light expands as it moves away, a redshift, and though her eyes turned toward the sky, away from the kids and from me, her hands moved to her belly, settled there on what light got away.
I think of this, while she sleeps, how light is trapped by gravity, how time is bound by light. I want to believe her but I am sinking, this elsewhere too gleaming to bear. Our ghosts are enough for Sarah. They are not enough for me. I think of gravity, what black holes can swallow, how nothing, not even light, finds a path of escape. I watch the ceiling and listen to Sarah breathe, and imagine I am hovering above both of us, watching myself sleep, a ghost untethered in light.
Anne Valente
Anne Valente
Anne Valente's work appears or is forthcoming in Hayden's Ferry Review, Sou'wester, Bellevue Literary Review and Unsaid, among other journals. Originally from St. Louis, she lives and teaches in Ohio.
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[BC] Paying for High speed getting low speed
I never achieve my high speed 20Mbps using Shaw Speed Test.
Its usually about 7 or less. When I had Shaw 10 I complained and they put me to 20. I recall at first getting some speeds around maybe 15-17 but it tapered off. Now I called shaw and while the gal was checking I did a test got 14.7? Haven't seen over 10 for months. This morning 6 am back down to 3.3? Are they fiddling with my modem, are we all getting this treatment unless we complain or keep buying up trying to increase speed?
To bust the conspiracy theory: CSR and TSR folks have no ability to 'bump your speed' up while on a call with you. What you tested was what was available during your call.
Cable uses DOCSIS which is a Shared architecture. It is a much bigger pipe than DSL (and getting bigger and bigger all the time!) but access uses a contention mechanism.
This awesome article by Ars Technica describes DOCSIS and how it works pretty well for the average human: »arstechnica.com/business/2011/05···-access/
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Dumb.com Blindness Quotes, Quotations and Blindness Sayings
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Dumb.com » » Quotes » » Blindness Quotes
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Blindness Quotes
This section contains Blindness Quotes
It is possible to lead astray an entire generation, to strike it blind, to drive it insane, to direct it towards a false goal. Napoleon proved this. (Quote by - Alexander Herzen)
He that is strucken blind cannot forget The precious treasure of his eyesight lost. (Quote by - William Shakespeare)
Love is not blind. Love sees what is most true. (Quote by - Vanna Bonta)
The notion that you have a blind trust but you can tell your trustee when to sell stock in it just doesn't make any sense. It means you have a seeing eye trust and not a blind trust. It's ridiculous. (Quote by - Bill Frist)
People shouldn't be afraid to talk to her. She loves talking to people. Just because someone is in a wheelchair, blind or whatever doesn't mean they aren't like me and you. (Quote by - Tammy Barden)
And some of the Pharisees which were with him heard these words, and said unto him, Are we blind also? / Jesus said unto them, If ye were blind, ye should have no sin: but now ye say, We see; therefore your sin remaineth. (Quote by - Bible)
We are blind and live our blind lives out in blindness. (Quote by - William Carlos Williams)
Why does the blind man's wife paint herself. (Quote by - Benjamin Franklin)
A good marriage would be between a blind wife and a deaf husband. (Quote by - Honore de Balzac)
Without the Name, all are miserable. In the love of duality, they are ruined. Without Him, I cannot survive even for an instant, and my life-night passes in anguish. Wandering in doubt, the spiritually blind come and go in reincarnation, over and over again. (Quote by - Sri Guru Granth Sahib)
The only real blind person at Christmas-time is he who has not Christmas in his heart. (Quote by - Helen Keller)
An eye for an eye would make the whole world blind. (Quote by - Mahatma Gandhi)
If you are deaf, you need captions for spoken elements. If you are blind, you need voiced descriptions of Web contents and spoken renderings of e-mail. The range of physical disabilities is very large, and we need many different tools to overcome the consequential barriers to Internet use. Let us commit ourselves to truly assuring that the Internet really is for everyone. (Quote by - Vint Cerf)
I might show facts as plain as day: but, since your eyes are blind, you'd say, ''Where? What?'' and turn away. (Quote by - Christina G. Rossetti)
I don't want my husband to push me around in a wheelchair. I don't want someone to lead me around because I'm blind. (Quote by - Della Reese)
Because you're not what I would have you be, I blind myself to who, in truth, you are. (Quote by - Madeleine L'Engle)
Love is blind, but friendship closes its eyes. (Quote by - Proverb)
I wish the government and the Minister of Justice would address these legal and constitutional arguments, but they refuse to. They want Canadians to go blindly into their brave new world, but it is not wise for a society to move blindly in any direction. . (Quote by - Stockwell Day)
An eye for an eye and the whole world goes blind. (Quote by - Mahatma Ghandi)
It is not love that should be depicted as blind, but self-love. (Quote by - Voltaire)
Authentic treachery is found when we abandon ourselves, becoming deaf to the whispers of our spirits and blind to the powerful potential therein. (Quote by - Joaquin Mariel Espinosa)
To be blind is not miserable; not to be able to bear blindness, that is miserable. (Quote by - John Milton)
I met Dave on a blind date at Sebring. Our first date was at the 'Wild Turkey' race. We met and got married in 2000. (Quote by - Terri Popielarz)
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The Dare - Part 3 - Conclusion
Age when written: 25
The Dare - Part 3 -
please be sure to read Parts 1 & 2 first...
"WHERE'S MY WIFE!!!" The unknown voice booms from from the dimly lit porch.
Time stops, again.
My heart sinks.
I am frozen still.
The night has taken on a surreal quality, adjacent to a dream that ends badly. The complete stillness that follows his bellowed inquiry leaves me alone with the sound of my own pulse, as loud as the labored breathing that we were both working to hide.
When I turn my head toward her, quizzically mouthing his same question, I am surprised to find her heading toward the door, pulling a sheet around her as she defiantly stomps toward the origination of this unwanted disruption. Before I could tell her to stop, or to atleast give me a minute to compose myself and wrap my mind around this new twist of fate, she has already opened the door enough for me venture a guess at the enormous size of of our visitor. Based soley of his silhouette, the danger that this man could instill upon my small frame was immediately apparent, despite the lack of hesitance she used when confronting the nightmare at the door...
Wasn't there supposed to be hiding? Denial? Scrambling for which way to go? Stuttering?? Confusion???
I don't normally find myself in these situations, so the appropriate reaction escapes me. Answering the door in the manner of an angry teenager whose room had been invaded by a probing parent, sans respect for privacy, was surely not at the top of suitable ways to handle this new developement.
"What the hell is your problem!" She irritatedly asks the intruder. I am still frozen behind her when she adds "Don't you think her CAR would still be here if SHE still was?"
"Do you see her car!???" She impatiently asks. His only reply, after taking his angry hate-filled glaze from studying me, was "No... but I thought maybe..."
"You thought wrong! Now go take your meds and continue bothering someone else!" she states just before closing the door in his face. Ending a confrontation that I thought was going to involve broken bones, embarrassed explanations, and eventually the police or ER...
Obviously, the angry husband of the other girl, the one that was sitting here half-naked herself just 30 minutes ago, posed no threat to anyone... but himself, possibly his wife, and anyone unlucky enough to land between the two in a situation like ours.
Buzz-kill, the word that came to mind when I heard his car pull away from the house, hadn't enough time to make a home in my thoughts before the sheet dropped... and the rest of the planet fell away with it.
I was once again staring at her, bare back against my door, as if acting like the guardian of our fervid experience.
No one else existed here anymore, just her and I. No other sights seen, aside from her exquisiteness. No sounds noticed, besides the soft click made when she locked the door, and the footfalls made by her bare feet on the carpet as she approaches me again.
The heat and intensity of her craving has increased exponentially from the now forgotten bothers and distractions that the night has offered thus far. Nothing, it was now clear, would be able to stand between our insane need for each other. Nothing further would be able to pull us back to this earth, away from our one-room world of sweat and passion, the likes of which would remain unknown to most, glimpsed by a few, and desired by all.
Thoughts of her back arching, chest heaving
with tattered breaths peppered with squeals and moans of orgasmic lostness replay in my head as I lay next to her a few hours later. Her sixth leg-tightened, full-body spasming, louder than even she expected yell and cry producing orgasm left her completely energyless, glowing and glistening with both eyes on me in wild fascination, and slight disbelief.
Sublime in her newly-learned world where a man can actually make the sexual experience not only fun and exciting, but damn well worth it as well, she slowly returns to normal breath. Having never experienced a mans mouth on her, with the explicit intention of causing pleasure for her and her alone, has left her in somewhat of a state of wonderment. Hard to imagine that all the previous experiences could have contained enjoyment for her as well as him. Even a fraction of what she had tonight, even if only experienced once, would have given her a much better opinion of this expected part of human interaction.
She rolls over and lands beside me as I turn to lay on my side, facing her in all her splendor. Her back to me, we both fall blissfully into slumber wearing only what god bought for us, and a smile that we paid for ourselves. We remain that way, motionless, and completely content during the first toss-less sleep either of us have had in years.
I open my eyes in the growing morning light, a goofy grin still occupying my face, to find her angelic face staring back at me, smiling. Fully awake, having me at a disadvantage, she relays regret for having allowed the night to end without her reciprocation of atleast one face-contorting release for myself, for the six she will never forget. According to her, and nature would agree, I need but to lay back, and let her show me her grattitude, for the only physical requirement for a man had indeed been met already, as most mornings do. The early country air filled with moans and yells that had never escaped me before then, and would be a rare occurance as life progressed.
What followed was to be the first, of many co-pleasured escapes to our one-room world we created for us and only us. One filled with sounds and positions I never knew I could produce, either myself, or through her.
I finish this memoire-ish venture through the pathway of my mind lost in thought, and memories, while feet from me lies another love. So warm... so wet... tasting sweet and oh sooo satisfying. My mouth waters as my lips approach... a sure dream-chaser for any tired morn... a satisfaction driven sigh escapes me as my hand idly explores the curves and valleys of the vessel which holds my addiction... sometimes I will even sneak divulgence during my lunch hour, though I usually have to rush home to get it...
In fact, I am overcome at this very instant for another cup...
As I finish my coffee, it dawns on me that pretty much anything we enjoy, can be made more enjoyable by the mere expression of the joy itself. My enjoyment of coffee, writing, and expressions of different emotions via the pen, come second to my enjoyment of the female form.
In my opinion, the expression of love, via the exploration and bonding with their physical being... is a powerful teacher in the classroom of life. A college which hands out no diplomas, and asks not for tuition. A universal-university that if studied, learned, and practiced, will produce a lifetime of satisfaction, pride, and above all else, a list of glowing references from those you shared class time with in the past...
Who said being teachers pet was a bad thing?
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awesome collection of funny gross videos pictures galleries and gifs
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Back in favour
Why Niebuhr Now? By John Patrick Diggins. University of Chicago Press; 152 pages; $22 and £14. Buy from Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk
AFTER years in the doldrums, Reinhold Niebuhr, an American theologian, is enjoying a comeback. Although Niebuhr died in 1971, he is nowadays often name-dropped in opinion columns and highbrow chat as the ideal mind to help guide 21st-century political leaders through the ups and downs of world affairs.
It is not the first time. In 1948 Niebuhr appeared on the cover of Time magazine's 25th anniversary issue as an icon of faith in uncertain times. Head turned and staring outward in front of a backdrop of dark and swirling clouds, the second-generation German immigrant with a Midwestern twang looked a pensive and worried man. Dismissing Christian pacifism as useless in the face of totalitarianism, he preferred moral action with muscle (the latter to be used prudently) and even sanctioned the limited use of nuclear weapons, to the dismay of some on the left.
The cold war is history, yet Niebuhr's advice is not. He wrote widely, but is best remembered for his views on foreign policy, particularly the nuanced endorsement of “realism” (in lieu of Utopianism) and his aversion to political action based on moral certainty. Conservatives brandished him in support of hard-nosed anticommunism. After the attacks on the twin towers, liberals dusted off his ideas on a measured foreign policy as an antidote to the Bush administration's use of “preventative war”. President Barack Obama says Niebuhr is one of his favourite philosophers.
Now historians too are revisiting his work. Before he died in 2009, John Patrick Diggins, a respected professor and writer of intellectual history, waded into the Niebuhr fervour with an unfinished manuscript entitled “Why Niebuhr Now?” Two years later it has become a short book, thanks to some patching up by a trusted former postgraduate student, Ben Persky. A good introduction to the works of a complex man, it adroitly places Niebuhr's thought among the 20th-century intellectual milieu that Mr Diggins spent a lifetime studying.
The book's biggest achievement is its admonishment of recent Niebuhr buffs for ignoring the core of his thought—religion. Niebuhr once overheard two Sunday-school girls say, “He is the pastor to this church. He knows all about God.” In truth, he knew he didn't. Spending most of his career at the New York Theological Seminary, Niebuhr concerned himself less with saving souls and proving God's existence than with speaking and writing about the importance of humility derived from religion in political leadership. In a world dominated by power, he thought that human beings must strive for good while also accepting their limitations and capacity for sin.
It is a useful warning. The book's weakness is that it spends little time answering the question its title poses. Why Niebuhr now? Mr Diggins is more concerned with pointing out misuses of Niebuhr's thought and the moral deficiencies of recent American foreign-policy decisions than with examining the man's contemporary relevance. Had he not died before completing the manuscript, he may have elaborated further. But he did not get the chance. This book, at least, should encourage people to read Niebuhr for themselves.
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EconStor >
The University of Nottingham >
CREDIT Research Papers, The University of Nottingham >
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
Title:Anti-poverty transfers and spatial prices in Tunisia PDF Logo
Authors:Muller, Christophe
Issue Date:2008
Series/Report no.:CREDIT Research Paper 08/13
Abstract:In this paper, we study the role of price correction in estimating the impact of price subsidies and anti-poverty cash transfer schemes on poverty in Tunisia. Three types of price corrections are considered: (a) no corrections; (b) living standards deflated by spatial Laspeyres price indices; (c) living standards deflated by true price indices that are estimated from a quadratic almost ideal demand system. Distinguishing these corrections and using data from Tunisia, we study the effects of the price deflation and the demand system estimation on poverty and budget leakage estimates. These effects can intervene at two stages of the estimation: (1) the calculation of the transfer levels for each household from predicted living standards, and (2) the estimation of the post-transfer poverty or budget leakage statistics. Our results show that price correction, whatever its form, may have only limited role for the assessment of anti-poverty policy in Tunisia. Correcting or not for spatial price differences, or for consumption substitution does not modify the ranking of the studied transfer policies. This is at odd with other findings in the empirical literature that price differences may be important for poverty monitoring.
Spatial Prices
Document Type:Working Paper
Appears in Collections:CREDIT Research Papers, The University of Nottingham
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Human diseases related to pollutions
>> Monday, March 22, 2010
Any risk or injury caused to a person due to exposure to a particular pollutant present in any component of environment – air, water, or soil or even in the food items is called as an environmental disease.
Environmental diseases spread through the agencies of environment like air, water, and soil because the polluted air, water, or soil may contain varieties of germs of diseases, poisonous chemicals, allergens, and toxic substances. Some toxic substances and other pollutants are produced in work settings. The labourers exposed to them become easy preys to serious diseases specific to the particular work setting or occupation. Since a particular part of environment is solely responsible for specific diseases, we should study about environmental diseases with reference to different types of pollutions. But, let us discuss the occupational diseases first that form the major part of environmental Diseases.
The knowledge about environmental diseases started gaining momentum, with the recognition of the occupational diseases during Industrial Revolution. Diseases that are caused to a person due to a person’s particular type of occupation are called as occupational diseases. Pneumoconiosis like Asbestosis, silicosis, Byssinosis etc is some examples of occupational diseases. All of these diseases are caused through air pollution in the area where workers work for long hours.
The coal miners are frequently caught by the black lung disease, which is also called as Pneumoconiosis (plural- Pneumoconioses).It is the general term, applied to diseases basically caused due to the deposit of dust and particles of organic and inorganic origin into human lungs. These particles include particles of coal, sand, asbestos, and different types of minerals. Pneumoconiosis if caused due to the deposit of coal dust in the lungs of coal miners, leads to a serious lung disease called as Black Lung disease. The deposit of cotton fibres, Jute fibres, hemp fibres etc. into the lungs of human beings (and even cattle also) cause pneumoconiosis and other diseases including cancer of respiratory tract.
Workers working in the asbestos industry are caught by the serious lung disease called as asbestosis. In this case asbestos particles entering into lungs are engulfed by macrophages found in the lung tissues. These are a group of phagocytic cells acting as the ultimate defence against the inhaled particles or fibres in the work settings. Presence of high number of these cells in the deep sputum indicates the exposure of the individual to high particulate pollution. A Large number of macrophages are killed in their attempt of engulfing particles of silica, coal, cement, and fibres of cotton industries. The contents of macrophages get spread within the bronchiolar cavities. The condition gradually becomes serious and leads to the death of the worker.
Silicosis is caused due to the deposit of silica in the lungs of workers working in silica industries or at the sand blasting sites. Byssinosis is the lung disease caused due to the deposit of cotton dust in the lungs of workers working in textile industries. The total blame for these diseases goes to the air pollution.
EMPHYSEMA: The breaking down of sensitive tissue of lungs due to air pollution and smoke of cigarette is called as Emphysema. Once this disease happens, the lungs can not expand and contract properly. About two million people in America are having this disease caused basically due to cigarette smoking.
In fact, it is a progressive respiratory disease characterised by coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing, developing into extreme difficulty in breathing and sometimes resulting to lung cancer and death. Due to this disease, the passages leading to the air sacs of lungs become narrowed. Tissues of lungs loose their natural elasticity and undergo destructive changes. Lungs often increase in size and become unable to supply enough oxygen to body tissues. This condition strains the heart also. It damages the bronchioles of lungs very badly due to which a man becomes unable to breathe and dies. The risk due to tobacco smoke is the voluntary risk
Diseases due to Air Pollution
Air pollution causes various types of risks to human health, either directly or indirectly. The air pollution by gases like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides (NOx) cause acid rains which affects the components of environment including human beings. Emission of gases like sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides etc. combine with rain water to cause acid rains. Drinking of water contaminated with water of acid rain may cause serious neurological disorders in man. Similarly, pollutants emitted from industries and automobile can cause irreparable damages to human health.
Different Types of Air Pollutants, their Sources and Diseases caused due to them
Diseases due to Water Pollution
Sewage, infectious micro organisms, plant nutrients, organic and inorganic substances and sediments are principal pollutants that cause water pollution. Out of these, the pollutants harmful to human health may be categorized as micro organisms and chemical agents.
Infectious micro organisms from sewage, municipal drains, slaughter houses, leather industries, sanatoria and hospital drains may contaminate our water sources. Various types of pathogens like viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and parasitic worms that are found in faecal matter get mixed in water through drainage systems passing through areas having poor sanitary conditions. Travelling through water sources these pathogens interfuse directly through persons handling food and water. If potable water is contaminated with these organisms, the contamination may cause several types of diseases like cholera, typhoid, gastroenteritis, diarrhoea, dysentery and skin diseases. These diseases frequently endanger the community health.
Various organic and inorganic chemicals contained in polluted water cause serious health hazards. Inorganic substances like mercury, sulphur compounds, cyanides, arsenic, lead, fluorides, nitrates, cadmium, petrochemicals, etc. join our water bodies from industrial and mine sources. Phenols, detergents, pesticides etc. join our water bodies from domestic and agricultural sources. These pollutants cause serious health problems by entering into human bodies through food and water. Stagnant water and other dirty water act as good habitats for mosquitoes and a host of other parasites and insects that cause a large number of diseases mainly in tropical areas.
Dumps of wastes on open grounds and landfill sites cause pollution of underground water through leaching. Different types of infectious diseases like cholera, hepatitis, dysentery, diarrhoea, gastroenteritis etc. are caused in human beings due to contamination of underground water. Ambala, Ludhiana, and Sonepat industrial areas of Punjab (India) were reported to contain nickel, iron, copper, chromium and cyanides in their ground waters. Effluents of metal industries that contaminate water contain cyanogens, phenol, coke, limestone, alkali, oils, mill scale, fine suspended solids, chromium, zinc, copper, silver, acids, alkaline cleansers, grease etc. The exposure to different heavy metals causes toxic effects on human health which is detailed in the table below.
Diseases spreading through water are called as water-borne diseases. In west Bengal seven districts are badly hit by arsenic poisoning. The water from tube wells supposed to be clean and pure contains high percentage of arsenic.
The introduction of nutrients to coastal and marine waters has been a primary concern at the Stockholm Conference. The supply of fixed nitrogen to the oceans has greatly increased since last few decades. Sewage discharge is the dominant local source of marine water contamination near urban areas. However, agricultural run- offs and atmospheric deposition of carbon dioxide and acids are more responsible for marine pollution. The toxic pollutants present in sea water due to human activities join marine food chains and get deposited and magnified inside the bodies of sea animals and marine algae that are consumed as sea- food by human beings. Besides these, vast varieties of bacteria, viruses, toxic substances, fungi and worms remain present in polluted marine waters that infect humans whenever they come in contact of their bodies, or enter into their digestive tracts through food items.
Some of the diseases related to the marine contamination are listed below-
Not alone the human beings are affected by the pollution of marine waters but vast varieties of sea organisms are subjected to tragic deaths and diseases due to deposit of wastes into marine waters through human activities. Big amounts of sand and silt brought to sea by rivers get spread in the marine water and obstruct sun light against reaching deep down to the sea organisms. Thousands and thousands of fishes die due to deposit of silt on their gills. The deposit of carbon dioxide in the marine water is increasing due to human activities. It forms acid after combining with water which reacts with the shells of molluscs. This is the reason why molluscs are vanishing out of our seas and oceans.
Diseases due to Soil Pollution
Soil is polluted by dumping of wastes from domestic, municipal, industrial, commercial, agricultural, hospital, mineral and construction sources. Toxic and non- biodegradable pollutants from these sources join food- chains and accumulate in food sources like plants and animals. Pesticides from agricultural fields enter into plants and get accumulated inside leaves, flowers, stems, roots, fruits, vegetables and grains. From there they reach to the consumers of the first order i.e. herbivores. Since, man is the top consumer, most of the non- biodegradable substances like some pesticides get accumulated in fatty tissues of humans and animals, and cause different types of neurological and reproductive diseases. In an ecosystem in which a secondary consumer or other is on the top, all the poison gets accumulated and magnified in his body. It often kills the animal. Allergies of respiratory tract, nausea, headache, fatigue, dizziness, kidney troubles, cancers, abortions, infant mortality etc. are some of the symptoms of pesticide poisoning and diseases due to soil pollution. Many cows die every year due to ingestion of plastics thrown here and there along with food items.
Diseases due to Radiation Pollution
The radioactive wastes are non- biodegradable substances that are mostly produced from laboratories, hospitals and atomic reactors etc. These substances produce highly energized particles which are very harmful to life. Radioactive emissions often cause seriously dangerous effects in human body when it is exposed to them. Atomic explosions emit such types of radiations that cause genetic disorders in men, animals and plants.
Radiations cause both somatic and genetic diseases in human and animal bodies. The somatic effects include immediate effects like sickness and radiation syndrome as well as delayed effects like carcinogenesis, abortion, abnormal development of foetus and leukaemia. The genetic effects of exposure to radiations on human bodies include chromosomal and genetic mutations that produce permanent abnormalities in their off springs. In view of nuclear hazards due to nuclear radiations frequently occurring here and there around the globe some of the Nuclear Reactors in the world have been closed down or dislocated away from human population due to the impacts of their radiations in the local environment. An accident at the Three Miles Island Reactors in the U.S. that occurred in 1979 marked the end of nuclear power in the United States.
Diseases due to Noise Pollution:
Besides causing discomfort, noise can also produce some serious effects on human body like high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, deafness and mental disorders. It interferes with general communications and disturbs in sleep and studies of students. It is very harmful for patients. These are the reasons why blowing of horns by vehicles has been banned in certain areas like military cantonments, schools and hospitals etc.
Excessive noise can result into cardiovascular problems also. The elevated sound level cause cardiovascular consequences due to elevated adrenalin level. This triggers narrowing of blood vessels (Vasoconstriction). Other proven effects of noise pollution are – increased frequency of headaches, fatigue, stomach ulcers, and head rush, birth defects, spine defects and abortions. Psychological effects of noise pollution are- annoyance, sleep disturbances, reading development in children, stressed mental health, aggressive behaviour etc. Noise Pollution also causes the Reading –Learning Impairment known as Dysgraphia, which is associated with noise pollution.
Environmental Noise Regulations usually specify a minimum outdoor level of 60 to 65 dB, while occupational safety organizations recommend that the maximum exposure to noise should be 40 hours per week at 85 to 90 dB.
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Used Bentley Continental Supersports Review
2011 Bentley Continental Supersports Coupe Exterior
Select Model Year
To appraise a vehicle, please select a model below:
Used Models
In its quest for greater performance, Bentley went about creating the Continental Supersports. As the most powerful road-going Continental GT to date, the Supersports boasts a 621-horsepower W12 engine and modifications for increased cornering performance. Weight has also been trimmed thanks to the removal of the rear seats and the addition of lightweight front seats.
Used Bentley Continental Supersports
Introduced in the 2010 model year, the Bentley Continental Supersports has seen little in the way of changes. The Supersports Convertible joined the lineup in 2011. Notably, the 2010 and '11 Supersports had a less advanced infotainment interface that suffered from a small screen and nonintuitive controls.
Research Models
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Books for the Library Corner
The Alphabet in Nature
by Judy Feldman
Childrens 1991 (32p)
Close observation reveals the letters of the alphabet in photographs of nature.
by Mercer Mayer
Dial 1976 (32p) Puffin 1993 paper
In a funny adventure, an elephant helps his friend Ms. Hippo get rid of the hiccups.
by Suse MacDonald
Macmillan 1986 (64p) also paper
Letters of the alphabet transform into pictures that illustrate the letter's sound.
Jiggle Wiggle Prance
by Sally Noll
Puffin 1993 (32p)
Lively animals act out action words likeclimb,ride, andjump.
The Lifesize Animal Counting Book
Dorling Kindersley 1994 (32p)
Big-as-life photos of animals, like rabbits and tortoises, make counting fun.
Animal Antics
Snap Shot 1994 (32p)
Photographs introduce readers to animals like playful seals and chatty chimps.
The Cat Sat on the Mat
by Alice Cameron
Houghton 1994 (32p)
As children look through a peephole to guess where the family cat is going next, they learn new words.
Houses Around Our World
by The National Geographic Society
(Social Studies)
National Geographic 1994 (18p)
Readers are brought inside the homes of families from other cultures.
Elephants Aloft
by Kathi Appelt
Harcourt 1993 (32p)
Two elephants fly above rooftops, below the moon, and across oceans as they travel by balloon to Africa.
Funny Faces
Snapshot 1994 (32p)
Photographs focus on animal faces that are both strange and familiar.
Books for Teacher Read Aloud
What's For Lunch?
by John Schindel
Lothrop 1994 (32p)
A cumulative series of animals almost interrupts Sydney the mouse's plans for a picnic lunch.
Dogs Don't Wear Sneakers
by Laura Joffe Numeroff
Simon 1993 (32p)
A child imagines animals doing all kinds of wacky things.
Shape Space
by Catherine Falwell
Clarion 1992 (32p)
A young girl dances her way through geometric shapes.
Don't Forget the Bacon!
by Pat Hutchins
Greenwillow 1976 (32p) Mulberry 1989 paper
A trip to the store turns into a funny excursion when a boy mixes up the grocery list.
The Absent-Minded Toad
by Javier Rondón
Kane/Miller 1994 (32p)
During a shopping expedition, a toad has such fun that he forgets to buy anything. Available in Spanish asEl sapo distraído.
Blackberry Ink
by Eve Merriam
Morrow 1985 (32p) Mulberry 1994 paper
Pizza, cats, and a washing machine are some of the subjects of this collection of bouncy poems.
Max Found Two Sticks
by Brian Pinkney
Simon 1994 (32p)
Max uses sticks to tap out the rhythms of the things he sees and hears around him.
The Quiet Noisy Book
by Margaret Wise Brown
Harper 1950 (32p)
The little dog Muffin tries to figure out what quiet sound woke him from his sleep.
Guess Who?
by Margaret Miller
Greenwillow 1994 (40p)
Simple questions and a series of possible answers engage children in a guessing game.
Roar and More
by Karla Kuskin
Harper 1990 paper (32p)
Funny, rhyming text presents the noises different animals make.
Caps for Sale
by Esphyr Slobodkina
Harper 1947 (48p) also paper
A band of mischievous monkeys make off with a peddler's hats. Available in Spanish asSe venden gorras.
You Can't Catch Me!
by Annabel Collis
Little 1993 (32p)
A little boy's imagination transforms a city playground into a jungle.
Minerva Louise
by Janet Morgan Stoeke
Dutton 1988 (32p) Puffin paper
Searching for a playmate, a hen named Minerva Louise explores a house.
The Sheep Follow
by Monica Wellington
Dutton 1992 (32p)
After following different animals, sheep are too tired to follow their shepherd.
Aaron and Gayla's Counting Book
by Eloise Greenfield
Black Butterfly 1994 (32p)
Two children playing in the rain count the things around them.
Books for Shared Reading
Today Is Monday
by Eric Carle
Philomel 1993 (32p)
A favorite song introduces readers to the days of the week.
Five Little Monkeys Jumping on the Bed
by Eileen Christelow
Clarion 1989 (32p) also paper
Trouble starts when five little monkeys jump on the bed after they say goodnight to their mama.
Los pollitos dicen/The Baby Chicks Sing: Traditional Games, Nursery Rhymes, and Songs from Spanish-Speaking Countries
by Nancy Abraham Hall and Jill Syverson-Stork
Little 1994
In English and Spanish.
Thump, Thump, Rat-a-Tat-Tat
by Gene Baer
Harper 1989 (32p)
A marching band grows louder and louder as it approaches.
Sheep on a Ship
by Nancy Shaw
Houghton 1989 (32p)
A group of zany sheep share funny adventures on a pirate ship.
The House That Jack Built
by Jenny Stow
Dial 1992 (32p)
A Caribbean setting gives a favorite nursery rhyme lush new life.
Peanut Butter and Jelly: A Play Rhyme
by Nadine Bernard Westcott
Puffin 1992 (24p)
With the help of elephants and a baker, two children make an enormous sandwich.
Each Peach Pear Plum
by Janet and Allan Ahlberg
Viking 1978 (32p) Puffin paper
In a rhyming game of I Spy, children find familiar nursery rhyme characters.
Ten Pink Piglets: Garth Pig's Wall Song
by Mary Rayner
Dutton 1994 (32p)
This song counts down from one to ten as successive piglets tumble off a wall.
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How to Unlock a Sony SLV-D300P
The Sony SLV-D300P is a DVD player and video cassette recorder. Typically, the unit locks when you're attempting playback of a disc that has a parental-control ratings level higher than the level you initially set for the purposes of controlling content viewing. Additionally, the player/recorder can lock, or seem to lock, as the result of user error when a disc has an incompatible region code or format or if the unit malfunctions after an electrical surge or because of a part defect.
1. Parental Control
• 1
Enter your four-digit password when prompted on the screen to unlock an inserted disc that is locked with a parental control. After you enter the password, the disc should automatically begin to play.
• 2
Press the "Setup" button on your remote control when a disc isn't in the disc tray if you want to unlock the Parental Control function completely.
• 3
Highlight "DVD" on the Setup menu using the arrow buttons and then press the "Enter" button. Highlight and select "Parental" on the DVD Setup menu. Enter your password when prompted on the Password Check screen.
• 4
Select "No" beside Use Password on the screen and press "Enter" to turn off the parental control.
User Errors
• 5
Check to make sure you selected the matching "DVD" or "Video" option using the "DVD/Video" button on your Sony SLV-D300P remote control if you're pressing buttons on the remote and a disc or cassette won't play, making it appear as if the player/recorder has locked.
• 6
Press the "Eject" button for the disc tray and remove the disc if the player seems locked and unable to perform disc playback.
• 7
Confirm that you didn't insert the disc upside down. Also, confirm that you didn't attempt playback of a disc that has an incompatible region code or format.
• 8
Correct the position of the disc if necessary or insert and play a different disc.
Player/Recorder Malfunction
• 9
Unplug your Sony SLV-D300P from its electrical socket to reboot it if you can't open the disc tray, eject a disc or use the buttons on the front of the machine.
• 10
Wait at least 30 full seconds.
• 11
Plug in the player. Press the "Power" button and attempt to use your player/recorder. If the player remains locked, contact Sony via online chat, phone or email (see Resources) for additional assistance.
Tips & Warnings
• If you forget your password, eject the disc from your machine and remove it from the disc tray. Turn off the machine, wait 30 seconds and then turn it back on. Press the "Rewind (<<)" and "Fast-Forward (>>)" buttons on the front of the machine at the same time until you see "Reset OK" on the screen--after approximately five seconds--and then turn off the machine, wait 30 seconds and turn it on again to complete the reset.
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Hands On: Meridian Explorer USB DAC
March 06, 2013 by Arlen Schweiger
These days there’s a strong chance that the heart of your music listening beats from a computer system—whether it’s your own downloaded or ripped content stored on iTunes, Windows Media Player and the like, or streamed through one of the many web-based services out there (or, most likely, both). You might even be wondering if it’s time to remove that relic of a CD player out of your music playback system.
My CD player seems kinda lonely in the stereo system these days, and if digital-to-analog converters continue to deliver high performance at increasingly low prices … well, the dust will collect even more. At least, that’s what implementing the new Explorer DAC from Meridian into my system has me believing.
This little wonder is a $299 USB DAC that serves as the go-between while connected from my PC to my preamp/processor at home. But that’s not the only way the Explorer will enhance your computer-based listening. I’ve also used it with my home PC plugged directly into a set of active computer speakers, and with my work laptop connected to some headphones.
I’ve noted before that the future of music listening could be a component product like Bryston’s BDP-1, but for now that’s a specialized product that costs more than $2,000 and still needs to be connected to a separate DAC. In other words, you’re more likely to spring for the Explorer (or perhaps the $249 AudioQuest DragonFly) if you’re looking for an immediate boost to your music in the simplest manner.
And that’s exactly what the Explorer provides. Whether it’s headphone listening, active computer monitors or a full-throttle hi-fi system, the impact is immediate and immersive. But we’ll get to that. The downside, at least for Windows users, is that you do have to put in a smidge of work before cashing in on the musical payoff.
First things first, the nitty-gritty on what’s inside this feathery 1.76-ounce device. Despite its size and weight, the core of the unit is a six-layer circuit board, which the company says puts a disproportionate focus on the analog circuitry rather than the digital. It’s a fully asynchronous USB 2.0 device, and Meridian notes its “dual high-quality oscillators” trickle down from technology within its 800 Reference Series components (which, if you know Meridian, are lofty, state-of-the-art digital theater machines that don’t come anywhere near the $299 price of the Explorer) and support sample rates up to 192kHz.
For powering the device, go through the USB port on one side. On the other side, you can output to headphones in one of the two 3.5mm ports, while in the other you can connect to your stereo system via 2-channel analog or mini Toslink optical cables (I used my 3.5mm adapter and generic analog cables, which provide the full 192kHz bandwidth as opposed to the mini Toslink, which downsamples to 96kHz).
Of course, I must also mention how sleek the Explorer looks, with its cylindrical design, trio of white LED status lights (to represent the sample rate of the audio file being played) and an aluminum enclosure that’s silvery gray and happens to blend in quite well sitting next to an Apple MacBook. That’s likely not an accident by the design team—about the only downside to the Explorer for this Windows user is that the instructions show it to be virtually plug-and-play with Apple products, while the road to using it on PCs involves instructions three times the length and the process of downloading and installing drivers. Both computer platforms require you to select the Meridian DAC as your sound output, thereby effectively initiating the DAC’s real job of taking over for your (presumably lower-quality) internal soundcard.
Slight installation hassle aside, when you have it fully cooking in a Windows system the results, as I mentioned earlier, are impressive. I threw all sorts of digital files at it in various music management programs—everything from 128 kbps AACs and Apple Lossless formats in iTunes, to 256 kbps MP3s in Windows Media Player, to lossless FLAC and high-resolution 24-bit files in Media Monkey. My initial reaction was that overall the music’s dynamics seemed to benefit nicely, as in the majority of tunes bass was delivered with more definition and thwack, and hi-hat drumming felt fuller and snappier.
I’ve listened to audio through my PC for years, going from simply connecting via the RCA adapter and analog cables to my stereo system, to adding a nifty little $40 HiFiMAN HM-101 USB DAC, to adding the Explorer and I can safely say that the Meridian device delivers more than an incremental step up in terms of presenting full-sounding music. I set the controls on my laptop and home PC to output at the highest sample rate, and I dug how all three Explorer status indicators glowed while playing 24-bit/192 kHz files.
Related: DACS, the Missing Link in Today’s Music Systems
While randomly picking some iTunes files, the first one I hit was “Manteca” from trumpeter Arturo Sandoval, and the big band sound came at me like a sledgehammer. It’s a beautiful recording to begin with, but the soundstage through a pair of PSB Alpha PS1 powered speakers was immense—the Latin jazz track sounded far wider and deep than the speaker placement, really jumping out of the speakers with vibrancy and detail that made me forget it was ripped as an MP3 file.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/87335
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Visionary Journeys between Medicine and Magic
”The Ulluchu fruit: blood rituals and sacrificial practices among the Moche people of ancient Peru”
“Bird priest” (lower figure on the right, with wings, beak-like nose and foots to shape of a bird’s claws) in front of the Lord (taller figure on the left), on the motif of the presentation of the sacrificial blood of defeated and captive warriors, offered in a goblet. An Ulluchu fruit is at the feet of the Lord
Photo Credit: Francesco Sammarco
The elusive Ulluchu, War, Blood and Sacrifice among the Moche
The topics linked with the ritual use of the “Ulluchu” fruit among the Moche people of ancient Peru mostly speak of ritual combat, war, sacrificial practices, ritual bloodletting and – possibly – as we shall see, even of the shamanic, otherworldly, ecstatic visionary journeys of their warrior-priests.
The elusive Ulluchu has been previously associated to Carica candicans – a kind of wild papaya (Carica papaya L.) with anti-coagulant properties – by Italian archaeologist and anthropologist Mario Polia, and most recently convincingly identified by Rainer W. Bussman and Douglas Sharon as a group of species of the genus Guarea, belonging to the Meliacea family.
One of the first depictions of this rare fruit appears in the Moche culture [circa 1-750 CE] of Peru, in a banner associated to what has been called the “Ulluchu Man”, a figurine about 50 cm tall representing an odd-looking half-crab half-anthropomorphic deity, found in level 1 of the burial site of the “Lord of Sipán”. The Lord was a high-ranking shaman, or a priest, a warrior-priest, a spiritual leader, or a bit of this all, found in an impressive Moche burial ground, near Chiclayo, in Peru.
“Level 1″ was the level actually occupied by the burial of the “Old Lord of Sipán”, which predates the “Lord of Sipán” proper (found on level 6 of the same burial site) of about 200 years.
Iconographic representations of the Ulluchu fruit are also known from the Deity of the “Ulluchus” raffiguration, found on a quadrangular banner of golden copper where the Ulluchu motif frames all sides of the sacred image. Along with this, other depictions of the Ulluchu are found in one of the golden copper banners that come out as well from the first layer of the Lord of Sipan tomb.
Some scholars are prone to believe that the Moche people of ancient Peru maintained the idea of warfare to perform rituals and sacrifices. And, conversely, their sacrificial and ritual practices appeared to have been part of their idea of war: the final stages of a conflict – with the capture and parade of the prisoners – often appear to have ended with human sacrifices.
Iconographic representation of Moche ritual sacrifice. On the upper scene are the personages of higher investitures: the Lord or a high rank warrior priest (third from the left), a “bird priest” finally offering the cup with the sacrificial blood, a priestess and other figures. Ulluchu fruits are also shown at the feet of the taller figure on the right. Many of the ornaments of the Lord correspond to those encountered in the Tomb of the Lord of Sipán. In the lower scene (centre and right), ceremonial slaughter of two naked war prisoners (or warriors defeated in ritual combat).
Photo Credit: Francesco Sammarco
Ritual Combat, Not Warfare
However, as for most recent approaches, other scholars are now prone to believe that rather than ordinary warfare, where the vanquished were ritually sacrificed, their throats slit and their blood collected and drank by a high priest-warrior or divine ruler, it was more the case of ritual combats which concluded with the actual human sacrifice. After examining a collection of bones originating from a major Moche Huaca, archaeologist Steve Bourget discovered that all their bodies were systematically dismembered and bore a mark on the neck vertebrae, showing that their throats had effectively been slit. A clear proof that these weren’t only mythological representations, but actual ritual practices amid the Moche.
Propitiatory Sacrifices and Ulluchu
The most interesting discover was however, that many of these skeletons were deeply covered with mud, which pointed at the fact that the burials took place in the rain. Since this area of Peru is almost desertic, he supposed that there must have been a link between the ritual combat and the burials on one side, and the rain on the other. The conclusion he reached is that these were propitiatory sacrifices to either celebrate or encourage rain.
The importance of human sacrifices – whether war prisoners, warriors or either of them defeated in ritual combats – in Moche culture seems to lend credit to the interpretation for which the Ulluchu fruit must have played an essential part in these ceremonies. The Ulluchu prevented the formation of clotting before a captive’s blood was consumed and the fruit often appears associated to a cup full of sacrificial blood to be offered to the Lord. Ritual drinking of the blood of vanquished warriors, the spreading of their blood on an altar, the motif of their capture and sacrifice, and the presence of the Ulluchu seem to point at a close relationship among these elements. The fruit would have granted the necessary fluidity to the blood from the moment of its collection during the sacrifice, to the moment of the final offering to the Lord.
Ritual use of the Ulluchu-Guarea seeds as inebriant/psychotropic substance in sacrifices
Bussman and Sharon, upon examining some Moche iconographic evidence contend that the grounded seeds of the Guarea, when inhaled, may have generated psychotropic effects. Specifically, a personage with dilated nostrils, carrying a gourd and a pestle, in one instance and winged runners and messengers – a possible metaphor for the ecstatic flight – are associated at times with floating Ulluchu seeds in other instances.
The inhaling of the powdered Ulluchu seeds, as recently hypothesised by these authors, may have induced in the Moche priests a psychotropic experience which – albeit mild in intensity and short in duration – would have been perfectly in tune with a possible religious and/or ritual requirement of communicating with their deity in a trance-like status. The warrior-priests may have been interceding (for instance) for a drought – or other similar phenomenon, affecting their harsh, coastal, desertic area – to end, and to favour and promote fertility. Ithyphallic sacrificial victims (whether prisoners of war – as they are seen by some scholars – or warriors defeated in ritual combat, as others contend) on Moche iconographic representations may point at the fact that we might be in presence of fertility rites. Conversely, we know (Bussman and Sharon) that the Guarea seeds when ingested in concentrated fashion may cause dilatation of the blood vessels and high blood pressure (which in turn may facilitate the extraction of sacrificial blood) and also produce erections. So, the Ulluchu-Guarea seeds might have played a multiple role in Moche ritual practices: being possibly at the same time a sacred vehicle of intoxication for the priests performing human sacrifices, a mean to facilitate blood collection from sacrificial victims and perhaps playing an important role in fertility rites (favouring ithyphallism in vanquished/sacrificial warriors defeated in either ritual combat or in warfare, and sacrificed during rainy days). The magical propitiation of rain through sacrificial practices must have played an extremely important role among the Moche people, when we consider the environmental devastation and terrible effects triggered by the El Niño phenomenon in the Moche and Lambayeque Valleys, which caused droughts lasting up to thirty years (562-594 CE; Otterbein, 140).
The Ulluchu fruit outside of the Moche culture
The Ulluchu has also been found outside of the context of the Moche culture. In the province of Huancabamba, the ”Italian Archaeological Mission” led by Mario Polia has found the ancient indigenous temple of the Huancapampas people, together with the ruins of the later Inka buildings. At the top of Cerro Tsaquir, nearby the “Templo de los Jaguares”, Prof. Polia discovered an archaic funerary complex, where were found a ”rainmaker” burial, two human sacrifices and a vast subterranean stone temple, with several offerings of rare Spondylus shells. Among the ritual offerings there was necklace made of hundreds of stone pearls and shells, with three representations of the Ulluchu fruit, in lapislazzuli. Testimonial – for the first time – of the fact that the ancient use of this mysterious fruit in ritual sacrifices spread outside the traditional boundaries of the Moche culture.
1) Carica candicans A. Gray (Family: Caricaceae; Genus: Carica), synonymous of Vasconcellea candicans (A. Gray) A. DC. , a plant common in Peru.
2) Cerro Tsaquir: note the similitude with the word Tzakiir which – in Jibaro tongue – means literally ”where water springs”. See MISSIONE “ANDE DEL NORD”, led by Prof. Polia:
Bourget, Steve: Sex, Death, and Sacrifice in Moche Religion and Visual Culture, Austin, University of Texas Press, 2006
Bourget, Steve, Kimberly L. Jones : The Art and Archaeology of the Moche: An Ancient Andean Society of the Peruvian North Coast (Editor)
Bussmann, Rainer W. and Sharon, Douglas: Naming a phantom – the quest to find the identity of Ulluchu, an unidentified ceremonial plant of the Moche culture in Northern Peru, Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, Vol. 5, 31 Mar 2009
Harder, Ben: Ancient Peru Torture Deaths: Sacrifices or War Crimes? National Geographic News, April 29, 2002
Otterbein, Keith F. How war began, Texas A&M University Press, 30 Nov 2004
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Unseen Guest - Let Me In
Related Unseen Guest Links Unseen Guest
Let Me In Lyrics
The days run together
They crowd at your front gate
But you can't let them in
So you tell them to wait
And one by one
They file up the driveway
And your bell is still ringing
As down goes the day
So you take off your shoes
And you turn up the volume
And they all go to sleep
While you're safe in your room
And in your bed at night
A stranger sleeps beside
And she opens your wardrobe
And she fumbles inside
Let me in, let me in
Or ill blow your house down
Let me in, let me in
Cause there's snow on the ground
I won't wait here forever
And then you will see
You should never say never
Cause I sow what you reap
They huddle on your doorstep
As the clouds start to break
And they scratch at your windows
And they bang on your gate
And they walk on your doormat
With wet muddy shoes
And now and then the lights go out
Cause they've stolen the fuse
And sometimes in the night
You answer the phone
And they breathe down the line
Just to see if you're home
They sing in your garden
Like dogs when the fight
And the noise that they make
Drills holes in the night
Let me in ©2004 Declan Murray / Amith Narayan
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/87341
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Fixed Point Theory and Applications
Volume 2008 (2008), Article ID 824607, 9 pages
Research Article
Generalized Mann Iterations for Approximating Fixed Points of a Family of Hemicontractions
Liang-Gen Hu,1 Ti-Jun Xiao,2 and Jin Liang3
2School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
3Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Received 10 January 2008; Accepted 15 May 2008
Academic Editor: Hichem Ben-El-Mechaiekh
This paper concerns common fixed points for a finite family of hemicontractions or a finite family of strict pseudocontractions on uniformly convex Banach spaces. By introducing a new iteration process with error term, we obtain sufficient and necessary conditions, as well as sufficient conditions, for the existence of a fixed point. As one will see, we derive these strong convergence theorems in uniformly convex Banach spaces and without any requirement of the compactness on the domain of the mapping. The results given in this paper extend some previous theorems.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/87344
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alternating between two or more languages within the same utterance - a common feature of bilingual speakers
Found on http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/find-out-more/glossary/
(from the article `linguistics`) ...throughout the world, it is common for members to speak two or more different dialects and to use one dialect rather than another in particular ...
Found on http://www.britannica.com/eb/a-z/c/104
In linguistics, code-switching is the concurrent use of more than one language, or language variety, in conversation. Multilinguals—people who speak more than one language—sometimes use elements of multiple languages in conversing with each other. Thus, code-switching is the use of more than one linguistic variety in a manner consistent with t
Found on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code-switching
Found on http://www.encyclo.co.uk/local/22385
No exact match found
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/87355
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by George R. R. Martin
A Dance With Dragons (A Song of Ice and Fire, Book 5) Summary
Extended Summary
A Dance With Dragons is the fifth novel in George R. R. Martin’s ongoing fantasy series, A Song of Ice and Fire. Much of the novel’s action coincides with events from the previous novel, A Feast for Crows. However, A Dance With Dragons focuses on different characters, and while the previous novel focused on events around King’s Landing, the capital of Westeros, much of A Dance With Dragons takes place in the far north of Westeros and in the lands across the Narrow Sea.
Jon Snow is the 998th Lord Commander of the Men of the Night’s Watch. Snow is charged with command of “The Wall,” a massive barrier built in the far north of Westeros to defend the realm from the undead, known as the “Others.” Sadly, the true purpose of the Wall has long been forgotten, and most people feel that the Night’s Watch only protects the realm from wildlings. Now, few realize that the dead are returning to attack the realms of men. Though young, Jon sees the danger that the undead pose to the Night’s Watch, and his solution is shocking to his men: Jon offers the wildlings sanctuary south of the Wall. Though the wildlings are considered savage and undisciplined by the men of the Night’s Watch, Jon argues that they will serve as an asset to the Wall as fighters. And if they remain north of the Wall, they will die in the harsh winter and return as Others to attack the realm.
King Stannis Baratheon approves of Jon’s plan, though his approval is not of great help to the Lord Commander. Stannis claims the Iron Throne of Westeros, but commands few men and carries the allegiance of very few lords. In fact, Stannis’ castle is in the south of Westeros, but he has come to the north in response to the Watch’s call for help and in order to secure the North of Westeros for himself. When A Dance With Dragons opens, the North, which has long been justly ruled by the Starks, has been given by the Lannisters to the Starks’ ancestral rivals, the House of Bolton. Stannis and his Hand, Ser Davos Seaworth, begin to entreat the northerners to gather support.
Tyrion Lannister finds himself without any support. Having been found guilty of killing his nephew, King Joffrey, and having killed his father, Lord Tywin Lannister, Tyrion is forced to flee Westeros by ship. He spends his journey drinking as he recalls his final confrontation with his father. When Tyrion lands, he finds himself in Pentos, across the Narrow Sea. He meets with Illyrio Mopatis, an obese and wealthy Magister. Illyrio offers Tyrion food and shelter, though he does not immediately explain what purpose he has in mind for the disfigured and scarred dwarf. Instead, he takes Tyrion on a journey East and gives the exile over to three of his allies, who are led by “Griff.” Tyrion soon deduces the identity of these three soldiers: they are also exiles from Westeros. Griff is in fact Jon Connington, who was once Hand to the Targaryens before Robert Baratheon’s rebellion. However, the true discovery is Connington’s charge: Aegon Targaryen, the rightful heir to the Iron Throne. When Tyrion arrives, Connington and Aegon are journeying East, but Tyrion convinces Aegon to instead travel to Westeros, stake his claim, and gather support for him.
However, before Aegon can carry out this plan, Tyrion is abducted. At first, Tyrion thinks that his abductor means to return him to King’s Landing to collect the bounty on the dwarf’s head. Instead, his abductor, Jorah Mormont, intends to deliver Tyrion to a different queen, Daenerys Targaryen. Jorah and Tyrion travel by ship. However, their journey is interrupted when their ship is attacked by pirates. Both Tyrion and Jorah are sold into slavery. Their masters take them to Slaver’s Bay, where Daenerys rules Meereen.
Quentyn Martell is also seeking Daenerys. Quentyn is an heir of Dorne, a powerful kingdom in the far south of Westeros. Quentyn hopes to marry Daenerys, and then to return to Westeros to rebel...
(The entire section is 1632 words.)
A Dance With Dragons (A Song of Ice and Fire, Book 5) Chapter Summaries
Prologue Summary
Varamyr is a warg, moving in the north beyond the Wall with a pack of wolves. He smells men and when he comes upon a man, he thinks about eating its flesh. His teacher, Haggon, had always told him that to eat the flesh of man, to mate with wolf as wolf, or to enter the mind of another man was an abomination. However, Varamyr ate Haggon's heart. Haggon had also warned against joining with any creature but wolves, explaining that skinchangers take on the personality of the animal they join. Varamyr's wound has opened again and he reflects that he should have entered the mind of one of his companions before they left him. The wildlings, once unified under Mance Rayder, have now dispersed. Some have followed raiders into the distant north, some have traveled east in the hope of meeting a fleet, and others have gone their own way. Varamyr has died nine times in the minds of animals, but now he faces his true death and his second life. When his true death comes, Varamyr enters the minds of the entire forest—oaks, worms, ravens—before settling into the mind of the wolf, One Eye. He lopes with the pack until they smell something new. It is a woman Varamyr had known as Thistle, but now icicles hang from her fingers like knives and pale blue light shines in her eyes. One Eye realizes that it sees him.
Chapter 1 Summary
Tyrion Lannister, a dwarf and a drunk, has imbibed his way across the Narrow Sea in a small cabin. He thinks about how he murdered his father, Tywin Lannister, and Shae, a whore but also his former lover, who Tyrion found in his father's bed with the chain of the Hand of the King around her neck. He wonders where his first love, Tysha, has gone. When he asked his father, Tywin had replied "wherever whores go." Now, Tyrion wonders where whores go. The ship rolls back and forth in a storm before it finally arrives in Pentos, where Tyrion meets Magister Illyrio Mopatis, who introduces himself as a friend of Varys. He does not trust Illyrio and considers what he should do next. He could go to the Wall, or he could go to Dorne and try to crown Myrcella. Should he atone for his sins or go forth and make new ones? When he sups with Magister Illyrio, the latter informs Tyrion that Stannis is at the Wall and his sister, Queen Cersei, has put a price on his head; he points out that Myrcella will never take the Seven Kingdoms. However, there is a way for Tyrion to inherit Casterly Rock. Illyrio points out that Westeros craves peace and that it will soon lack for food as well. It needs a savior, such as a dragon with three heads.
Chapter 2 Summary
Daenerys Targaryen (Dany) sits on an ebon bench, her throne in Meereen, surrounded by her supporters. Irri and Jhiqui, her Dothraki handmaids, address her as "khaleesi" and advise against touching the dead man being brought to her. Ser Barristan Selmy of Westeros, who addresses Dany as "Your Grace," points out that she does not have to be there. Grey Worm, the leader of her freed Unsullied troops, lowers his torch to show Dany her fallen soldiers, murdered by the Sons of the Harpy, Meereenese that object to Dany's conquest. After, Barristan announces that the Unsullied are unsuited for unraveling secrets. Dany reflects that Daario Naharis and his Stormcrows might do better, but she has sent them to Lhazar in the hopes of...
(The entire section is 326 words.)
Chapter 3 Summary
Jon dreams that he is Ghost, running through the woods near the Wall in the far north of Westeros. There were once six direwolves in the family, but now only four remain. He wakes to the sound of Lord Mormont's old raven yelling "Snow" at him, and he wonders if Bran or Rickon might still be alive within their direwolves. Dolorous Edd brings him breakfast and news that more wildlings have come seeking protection from the Others on the south side of the Wall. Jon is summoned to meet with Stannis, though he must pass the training ground along the way, where Stannis's men challenge him disrespectfully. He meets Sam, who has been reading about archery, on the way to the king. Stannis is accompanied by Melisandre, his red-haired...
(The entire section is 233 words.)
Chapter 4 Summary
Bran has not eaten anything but ground acorns for days. He, Meera, Jojen, Hodor, and Bran's direwolf, Summer, follow Coldhands, an unusual ranger. Coldhands has black hands, wears a black cloak of the Night's Watch, and rides an elk. Bran notices that he also seems to be accompanied by a murder of ravens. They have been searching north of the Wall for days, and there is still no sign that they have gotten close to their destination, the home of the three-eyed crow. When they sense that they are being followed, Coldhands and his ravens hang behind to face their foes. Meera leads the others to a deserted wildling village. That night, Bran enters Summer's mind as the latter goes hunting. Summer finds a small pack led by a one-eyed...
(The entire section is 217 words.)
Chapter 5 Summary
Tyrion and Illyrio set out from Pentos in a carriage. They pass the time eating, drinking, and talking. Tyrion tries to figure out more about Illyrio's motivations, but learns little. Illyrio and Varys had been friends together as children in Pentos. Varys had been a thief who had soon learned that he could make more money spying on lesser thieves and selling information on their whereabouts to their victims. The selling expanded until the king of Westeros sought Varys out. He had been suspicious of his family and his Hand, who had been a childhood friend. Illyrio next explains how he knew Daenerys and Viserys when they were young. Daenerys had been a shy girl until she was reborn amongst the Dothraki. When he sent her three ships,...
(The entire section is 214 words.)
Chapter 6 Summary
The Merchant's Man, Quentyn Martell, wonders whether the Adventure, a fast ship but one that stinks thanks to its mysterious cargo, is the right one to take him and his friends to Meereen. There, Quentyn hopes to woo and marry Daenerys Targaryen. With Cletus Yronwood, Willem Wells, and Maester Kedry now dead, Quentyn and Gerris take turns pretending to be either the wine merchant or the wine merchant's servant. For now, Quentyn plays the servant, so he watches as Gerris negotiates. Gerris is lean and handsome, whereas Quentyn has an honest face and a thick frame. It is likely Quentyn, Prince of Dorne, rather than Quentyn himself will attract Daenerys. The captain of the Adventure agrees to smuggle them into the...
(The entire section is 228 words.)
Chapter 7 Summary
Jon hesitates to sign the letter that Maester Aemon has prepared for him. He decides to put it off and summons Gilly, whom he instructs to travel south to Oldtown with Mance Rayder's son. Her own son, however, will remain at the Wall. Gilly has nursed both children, and Jon explains that if they allow Mance's son—a king's son—to remain at the Wall, Melisandre and Stannis will burn him to use in their spells. Gilly agrees and flees crying. Jon next meets Sam, who urges Jon to sign Aemon's letter. It is a paper shield that they will send to King's Landing explaining that they do not support Stannis, though they have fed and sheltered him. Sam is to go with Gilly, Mance's son, and Maester Aemon to Oldtown to become a maester....
(The entire section is 269 words.)
Chapter 8 Summary
Tyrion wakes and discovers that the carriage has stopped and Magister Illyrio is outside. Illyrio is talking to two men, Haldon Halfmaester and Ser Rolly Duckfield (Duck), who are transferring chests from the carriage onto packhorses. Tyrion is to join them. Illyrio introduces Tyion as Yollo, but Tyrion tells them to call him Hugor Hill. Illyrio tells them to tell the boy that he will be there for the boy's wedding, and he returns to Pentos. Tyrion journeys east with Duck and Haldon along an old road built by the Valyrians. It is a magnificent road—wide, smooth, and ancient—which one maester named one of the nine wonders of the world. Tyrion remembers how when he was young, he had hoped to see them all. Instead, his father had...
(The entire section is 235 words.)
Chapter 9 Summary
Davos is brought before Lord Godric Borrell, Lord of Sweetsister. Davos was a smuggler in his youth, but his fortunes changed when he smuggled onions past siege lines to an embattled Stannis. Stannis raised Davos to knighthood for his heroics and cut off the ends of his fingers for his smuggling. Now, Davos is Stannis's Hand, and though he hopes to make it to White Harbor, where he will treat with Lord Wyman Manderly, he must first find a way off this island. When Godric offers him food, Davos is relieved since it means he is a guest rather than a prisoner. As he eats, Davos reflects that he should not have been captured, but when storms ruined Salladhor Saan's fleet, the Lysene pirate finally abandoned Stannis's cause. Now, Godric...
(The entire section is 271 words.)
Chapter 10 Summary
Jon watches as they bring out Mance Rayder, the King-Beyond-the-Wall, to be punished in front of the wildlings. Jon points out that Mance had the Horn of Joramun, but he never blew it. It makes no difference. Melisandre and Stannis hang Mance, who breaks and says he is not a king. Next, Melisandre burns the horn in front of the wildlings. Stannis draws Lightbringer, which blazes like the sun. The wildlings are allowed into the realm and they kneel before Stannis. Jon looks at Sigorn, the new Magnar of Thenn, Rattleshirt, and other wildlings heroes, and wonders if they will be loyal. Bowen Marsh, the Lord Steward, urges Jon to send them back to die fighting the Others. Jon agrees to think on his words before he leaves, but he wants...
(The entire section is 233 words.)
Chapter 11 Summary
Daenerys is woken from a dream in which she had been making love to Daario. It is Irri who wakes her, and Skahaz, Reznak, and Grey Worm who inform her that the Sons of the Harpy have killed nine of her subjects in the night. One of the dead was Missandei's brother. Furious, Dany announces that the Unsullied will no longer patrol Meereen. She instructs Skahaz to form a new watch made up of Meereenese. Their pay shall be drawn from the pyramids, a blood tax as punishment for the work of the Sons of the Harpy. That day, Dany goes to the baths and has a vision of Quaithe, who informs her that the glass candles are burning again. She tells Dany that "soon comes the pale mare, after her the others. Kraken and dark flame, lion and...
(The entire section is 267 words.)
Chapter 12 Summary
Reek eats a rat, knowing that the belly will be the softest part. When he hears footsteps coming into the dungeons, he worries that he will be caught and punished for eating the rat. He is not punished. Instead, Big Walder and Little Walder take Reek to the hall, where Lord Ramsay Bolton sups with two grizzled old lords. When they look at him, Reek panics. Lord Ramsay punishes those that disobey him, Reek knows. He remembers how he and Kyra tried to escape, only to learn that Lord Ramsay prefers to hunt human prey. Reek has now lost toes and fingers. Ramsay flays the skin and when the victim can no longer stand it, he begs for Ramsey to cut off the appendage. Once, Reek had tried to bite off his own finger to stop the pain, which...
(The entire section is 210 words.)
Chapter 13 Summary
Bran and the others have to worry after Coldhands explains that they are being pursued by wights as well as wolves. He turns to face their enemies and commands Meera to lead them uphill to a cave. Hodor carries Bran and Meera carries her ailing brother, Jojen. They have not eaten anything for days. The wights begin to grab at them from beneath the snow. Bran enters Hodor's mind to fight them off, while Summer attacks the wights. Bran wonders if he should tell Meera that he loves her. They are almost overtaken when the wights catch fire. Bran looks up and thinks he sees Arya. It is a child of the forest, though she explains that in the True Tongue, they called themselves those who sing the song of earth. She takes Bran and...
(The entire section is 207 words.)
Chapter 14 Summary
Tyrion is no longer allowed to drink, and he shivers and sweats in the night because of it. Everyone aboard the ship has a job to do as they sail along the river. Duck and Young Griff spar in the morning, and in the afternoons Haldon Halfmaester and Septa Lemore instruct them. Tyrion is told to record everything he has ever learned about dragons. He wonders if they will be able to find any of the lost histories about Valyria. Tyrion has begun to embellish his original tales about Yollo, also known as Hugor. Tyrion hopes to convince the rest of the crew that his father was a Westerosi lord, and that he is a bastard. One afternoon, he sits in on Young Griff's history lessons. They discuss the history of Volantis, the first of the...
(The entire section is 240 words.)
Chapter 15 Summary
Davos arrives in White Harbor aboard The Merry Midwife. He reflects on Cottor Pyke's reasoning: the Manderlys and the Boltons have long been enemies. Since Roose Bolton is now Warden of the North, he is allied with Lannisters. Therefore, it stands to reason that Lord Wyman Manderly will side with Stannis. Davos is distressed when he sees Lionstar, a ship from King's Landing, at dock. He enters the city near the harbor and listens as sailors and merchants gossip. The smallfolk are fleeing the countryside to escape the Bastard of Bolton, and Manderly is hiring men, suggesting that he means to fight the Boltons. However, Manderly's remaining son is still being held hostage by the Freys, suggesting that he might be...
(The entire section is 215 words.)
Chapter 16 Summary
Daenerys attempts to convince Xaro Xhoan Daxos that he can help restart trade between Meereen with Qarth. However, he has come to bring slavery back to Meereen. He explains that slaves are made by the Dothraki and trained by the Ghiscari. Meereen has little else to trade. Further, without Meereen, the Dothraki must now drive their slaves directly to Qarth, which is inconvenient. He points out that Meereen was once rich and peaceful, but now is poor, hungry, and bloody under Dany's rule. Dany is surrounded by enemies. The Sons of the Harpy attack her within the city. Now, the sellsword companies are amassing against her, under the pay of her enemies, especially Yunkai. The warlocks also seek to destroy Daenerys. Fortunately, Xaro...
(The entire section is 213 words.)
Chapter 17 Summary
Jon and Dolorous Edd go into the wormways, tunnels beneath Castle Black. They meet Lord Steward, Bowen Marsh, who shows Jon their frozen stores. Normally, they would have enough for three to four years of winter. However, it will not be enough. Between the wildlings and the king's men, they will run out of food by the end of the first year. They agree to start rationing the food, which Jon knows will displease the men. The meeting ends when Jon is summoned to King Stannis, whose wrong-way rangers, Ser Richard and Ser Justin, have returned with news from south of the Wall. They present Rattleshirt, who wears a red gem round his wrist like the one Melisandre wears around her throat. She declares that he will not betray the Night's...
(The entire section is 238 words.)
Chapter 18 Summary
Tyrion and the others continue down the Rhoyne aboard the Shy Maid. When they reach the Sorrows, they are engulfed in an unnatural fog and worry that the stone men will attack. The stone men suffer from a mortal form of greyscale. Tyrion recalls how men would sometimes cut off an arm to keep the stone from spreading, only to start to feel its tingle as the sickness starts in the other arm. They know that they have reached the Bridge of Dream when they see a series of lights in the fog above them. On it are the stone men. As the ship passes beneath it, Young Griff refuses to go belowdecks. Tyrion tells him that he should, revealing that he knows Young Griff is a prince. Tyrion reveals his identity as well: he is the son of...
(The entire section is 262 words.)
Chapter 19 Summary
Davos is held captive by Lord Wyman Manderly, and when Ser Marlon Manderly comes to take him away, he reflects on how he was captured. Rather than being granted a private audience, Davos was taken before a court filled with old men, women, and Freys. Davos calls upon Lord Manderly to support King Stannis out of a sense of duty, but no one in the room listens. The Lannisters will return their captured relatives, while Stannis offers more death. Lady Leona, whose husband is still held by the Freys, mocks Davos and calls for his head. The Freys, meanwhile, announce that the Red Wedding was Robb Stark's work. He transformed into a wolf and killed everyone around him. When Davos calls the Freys liars, only Lord Manderly is able to stop...
(The entire section is 219 words.)
Chapter 20 Summary
Reek journeys to Moat Cailin, careful to guard his thoughts against memories of his former identity. He wears gloves so that no one will see his lost fingers. There was a time before when he had ridden south as a prince with Robb Stark and twenty thousand men. Now, he is Lord Ramsay's Reek and only two in ten of those men survived. Still, Ramsay has promised to make Reek his dog if the latter can deliver Moat Cailin. Reek approaches the decrepit towers under a banner of peace and inside confronts the remaining ironborn that guard the tower. They are dying. There are many sicknesses in the Neck, not to mention poisonous serpents and insects. Reek knows that the people of the Neck, whom he calls bog devils, are the worst of all. They...
(The entire section is 207 words.)
Chapter 21 Summary
Jon reflects on all of the men the Night's Watch has lost as he leads his men south from the Wall to Mole's Town, where the wildlings live crammed in tunnels beneath the village. Jon notices that they have begun to carve faces into the trees around the village; they have brought their old gods with them. They come out for food and are allowed to pick either an apple or an onion. When they complain that they are not fed as well as the men of the Night's Watch, Jon replies that the men of the Night's Watch are fighting the Others and guarding the Wall. He proposes that the wildlings make a new choice. He offers to take any wildling into his service, boy or girl, that is twelve or older and knows how to use a spear. At first, the...
(The entire section is 219 words.)
Chapter 22 Summary
Tyrion wakes up aboard the Shy Maid again; the others inform him that Lemore revived him. They worry that Tyrion might have greyscale and they advise him to prick his toes and fingers regularly with a knife. If it ever stops hurting, he should cut off that appendage. Tyrion returns to life aboard the ship, though the others remain careful around him. He challenges Young Griff, now revealed as Prince Aegon, to a game of cyvasse. Aegon plans to journey to Daenerys and marry her. Tyrion suggests that the prince's plans might not work out as he plans if he arrives as a beggar with a small army. Instead, Aegon should trust no one—certainly not Illyrio and his schemes. He should journey to Westeros and raise a bold...
(The entire section is 237 words.)
Chapter 23 Summary
Daenerys sups with Galazza Galare, an old woman with wise eyes. She is happy to see that Dany has not killed any of the noble children that she holds hostage. The Sons of the Harpy do continue to kill Dany's men, but she cannot bring herself to murder children. Galazza Galare suggests that Dany marry Hizdahr zo Loraq and give birth to a son to consolidate her rule. Dany, however, knows that she will never give birth to another child. Still, she summons Hizdahr zo Loraq and agrees to marry him if he can give Meereen ninety days of peace. Before he goes, Dany asks him to kiss her, but she is not moved by the kiss. When he leaves, she talks with Ser Barristan, who disapproves of Dany's plan. He urges her to go to Westeros, but Dany...
(The entire section is 253 words.)
Chapter 24 Summary
The Lost Lord, Jon Connington, prepares to return to the Golden Company. He served with them for years after his exile and rose high in their ranks before leaving to carry out Illyio and Varys's scheme to train Prince Aegon in secrecy. When he left, Myles Toyne had led the mercenaries. Now, his friend is dead and Harry Strickland runs the company. Though Lemore cautions him, Connington is tired of waiting. He reflects that he has waited seventeen years to avenge his loss at the Battle of the Bells. If he would have defeated Robert Baratheon that day, his silver prince, Rhaegar, would still live. When they present themselves before the captains of the Golden Company, Strickland is reluctant to follow through on the plan. Daenerys...
(The entire section is 247 words.)
Chapter 25 Summary
The Windblown is a mercenary company, and now Quentyn Martell is one of them. The Windblown have marched for thirty years since they were founded by the Tattered Prince. Quentyn now serves as a squire to Arch, and he goes by the name Frog. So far, their plan to reach Daenerys Targaryen seems to be working. They are closer to her than ever, but they are fighting for the slavers, who have just conquered Astapor. Quentyn recalls the battle, in which he and the others rode over green boys armed with spears. Cleon's corpse was tied to a horse in the final battle before the liberated city was defeated. Now, Quentyn wonders when they should defect. Arch and Drink agree that they should wait until they are closer to Meereen before they...
(The entire section is 257 words.)
Chapter 26 Summary
The wayward bride, Asha Greyjoy, drinks wine in Galbart Glover's longhall when a maester brings her a letter. It is from Ramsay Bolton, who names himself a lord and the Warden of the North. The letter contains a strip of Theon's skin and a warning that all of the ironborn must leave the north. Asha's men would like to march south to fight the skinners, but Asha knows that they only seek a good death. Asha does not like Deepwood Motte and its forests, but she cannot return to the sea. Euron is chasing dragons, but he has declared Erik Ironmaker, the Anvil-Breaker, her husband, and he rules over the Iron Isles now. If Asha should appear, she will be expected to submit to him. She considers joining Stannis, but she is reluctant to...
(The entire section is 296 words.)
Chapter 27 Summary
Tyrion tests the knight's limits, though he knows that if he goes too far with his comments and jokes that he will get another fat lip. They arrive in Volantis in the middle of the triarch elections. There are slaves everywhere, and the knight has Tyrion bound in shackles so that no one will listen to what he says. Tyrion is struck by the size of temple for R'hllor, the Lord of Light. The high priest, Benerro, is calling for his followers to support Daenerys Targaryen, their reborn savior, against the forces of darkness. Tyrion worries for Aegon, since the priest does not call for more than one savior. They take shelter that night and Tyrion announces that he knows the knight, Ser Jorah Mormont, and he attempts to convince him not...
(The entire section is 296 words.)
Chapter 28 Summary
Jon sends Ser Alliser Thorne north of the Wall on a ranging, though the latter believes it a death sentence. Dywen will lead Ser Alliser's ranging, and Jon is sending Black Jack Bulwer and Kedge Whiteye on another two rangings. Cotter Pyke has spotted wildlings building ships along the shore and Ser Denys Mallister has reported fires north of the Gorge. Both asked for more men, so Jon had sent them wildling recruits, which pleased neither. He wonders where he can get more recruits and goes into the yard, looking for a fight. Jon defeats Iron Emmett's three most promising recruits. Rattleshirt challenges Jon next. The Lord of Bones wields a two handed sword with speed and power and ultimately defeats Jon. Afterward, Clydas brings...
(The entire section is 235 words.)
Chapter 29 Summary
Davos is imprisoned in the Wolf's Den, tended by Garth, who brings porridge "for the dead man" every day. Although Garth mocks Davos over his coming death, Davos is otherwise treated well. He composes letters to his wife and sons, though he realizes that he does not know his youngest three sons as well as he knew his oldest four sons. When someone does come for him, Davos is not taken to his death. It is Robett Glover, who explains that a lot has happened since Davos was imprisoned. Stannis has taken Deepwood Motte, the Glovers' fort. Lord Manderly's son has been returned to him from the Freys. And, most importantly, Davos is dead. They tarred a criminal's head and cut off his fingers to fool the Freys and the Lannisters. Now, they...
(The entire section is 257 words.)
Chapter 30 Summary
Daenerys counts the ships in the harbor that cut off trade to Meereen. She turns to her admiral and asks his advice, but he insists that there is nothing he can do. Dany turns to Ser Barristan, who tells her she has ample stores and the friendship of Lhazar, though they are not fighters. She next sees Skahaz and two of his Brazen Beasts, men that wear masks of animals. He reports on Hizdahr's movements. Each night, Hizdahr goes to a different pyramid, and Skahaz thinks he may be the Harpy that leads the rebellion against Dany's rule. Dany refuses to have him arrested and insists upon peace. Word has reached the city that Astapor has fallen. A man riding a pale mare brings the news as well as evidence that the bloody flux is making...
(The entire section is 262 words.)
Chapter 31 Summary
Melisandre makes sure that there is always a fire burning in her chambers to keep the terrors of the night at bay. She looks into her hearthfire for visions, but does not find any about Arya Stark. There is also nothing about Stannis, Azor Ahai reborn. She sees winged shapes, waves crashing on towers, and a white face with red eyes. She remembers the sound of a woman crying "Melony" and another voice saying "Lot Seven." When morning comes, she has Devan fetch her breakfast. She checks the sleeves of her dress. She is nearly out of the powders that she uses to manipulate fire, but fortunately her spells are more powerful at the Wall than they ever were in Asshai. She meets with Rattleshirt and asks him to consider journeying south...
(The entire section is 260 words.)
Chapter 32 Summary
Reek hears the dogs barking before he sees Lord Ramsay return. The dogs are named after women that Lord Ramsay has raped, and now Reek spends his days with them. Little Walder and Big Walder are with him, and Reek notices that Little Walder is becoming more and more like Lord Ramsay while Big Walder seldom takes part in Lord Ramsay's cruelties. There is a feast that night until Roose Bolton enters and dismisses everyone but Lord Ramsay and Reek. Roose and his son discuss their plans. The Freys that were with Lord Manderly have disappeared, and Lord Manderly has not brought a hostage for the Boltons. In spite of Arnolf Karstark's best efforts, Stannis has not marched on the Dreadfort. Instead, he grows stronger. Lord Ramsay would...
(The entire section is 251 words.)
Chapter 33 Summary
Tyrion watches as Moqorro leads the sailers in their prayers to R'hllor aboard the Selaesori Qhoran. Tyrion has no use for gods, but he does talk to the priest, who is charged with bringing his faith to Daenerys. Tyrion wonders what to do with Penny. She continues blames him for the death of her brother, but Tyrion refuses to take responsibility. He has his own sins to answer for. She eventually accepts what he says and they begin to form a relationship. She tells him that she and her brother were not hired by Cersei, but rather by one of the Kettleblacks. She also asks him to tilt with her on Pretty, a pig. Tyrion refuses. The ship sails close to where Valyria met its doom. Tyrion looks at the Smoking Sea and he can see...
(The entire section is 228 words.)
Chapter 34 Summary
Bran sits on a weirwood throne under a hill while the Others shuffle above ground. He and Meera have begun naming the Children of the Forest. His guide, Leaf, explains that the Children had their time during the dawn of days, but now they are declining along with the giants, the unicorns, and the great lions. Eventually, even the direwolves will pass. The greenseer, who was once named Brynden, teaches Bran to become a skinchanger. When Bran flies within a raven, he feels the presence of another. The greenseer explains that it is a shadow of a singer's soul. Long ago, ravens carried messages that they were able to speak to First Men. Meera and Jojen explore the caves, and sometimes Bran secretly follows them inside of Hodor's mind....
(The entire section is 248 words.)
Chapter 35 Summary
Jon takes his men north of the Wall to the weirwood grove, though Bowen March disagrees with his decision. Jon explains that if the new recruits—two of whom are wildlings—wish to swear their vows before the old gods, then they shall. It is tradition. The snows are deep now, and Jon wishes that they had a glass garden in which they could grow vegetables. Sadly, the Wall has no gold to buy glass. Along the way to the grove, he tells Iron Emmett and Dolorous Edd that they are to be given command of a fort along the Wall otherwise guarded only by wildling spearwives. When Jon and the others arrive at the grove, they find a group of wildlings and a giant sleeping there. At first, it looks like they will fight until Leathers talks to...
(The entire section is 258 words.)
Chapter 36 Summary
Daenerys goes outside the city walls to tend to the Astapori that are dying of the flux. The dead are piling high, and it is getting harder and harder to convince drivers to take food out to them. The dying Astapori demand blessings and food from their mother. Though she feels bad for them, there is little that she can do except feed them and start a funeral pyre. Fortunately, the Targaryens do not suffer from disease as others do. She returns to her chambers and bathes. After, she sups with the Galazza Galare, who tells her all of the preparation Dany will have to make to marry Hizdahr. Dany refuses to have her womb inspected by Hizdahr's family, but she agrees to wear a white tokar. Galazza Galare and Reznak insist that if Dany...
(The entire section is 239 words.)
Chapter 37 Summary
The Prince of Winterfell, Theon Greyjoy, escorts brown eyed Jeyne Poole to her wedding. She tells Theon to take her away and she will be whatever he wants her to be. Theon refuses. The lords of the north have come to Winterfell to see Arya Stark wed Ramsay Bolton. When the wedding finishes, Ramsay is the Prince of Winterfell. Theon walks around the ruined castle. He remembers when he was the prince of Winterfell, though now men only remember him as Theon Turncloak. Abel, who claims to be a bard, plays and sings for the guests. Theon remembers that he arrived with six women. During the feast, Theon sits with Lady Dustin, who tells Theon that Roose Bolton only sees men as playthings. She predicts that Roose will defeat Stannis and...
(The entire section is 250 words.)
Chapter 38 Summary
The Watcher, Areo Hotah, remembers his task: Serve. Protect. Obey. Prince Doran, Princess Arianne, Ellaria Sand, and the Sand Snakes watch as Maester Caleotte reveals the skull of Ser Gregor Clegane, the murderer of Princess Elia and her babes. While everyone else examines the skull, Areo studies Ser Balon Swann of the Kingsguard. He looks more dangerous than Ser Arys had been, nor does he appear tempted by Arianne. Prince Doran discusses sending Princess Myrcella, Cersei's daughter, and Prince Trystane, Doran's son, to King's Landing, though both wait at the Water Gardens. Prince Doran retreats with his family, and he decides to tell the Sand Snakes some of his plans. First, he tells them that he has heard that Cersei...
(The entire section is 239 words.)
Chapter 39 Summary
Jon sends Val beyond the Wall. She promises to return, though Jon worries that she will die in her mission. His other rangers have still not returned, however, and so Jon sends Val, a wildling, to find Tormund Giantsbane with an offer to move his people south of the Wall. Sending Val is risky because Stannis commanded him to keep the "wildling princess" close. It also alarms some of his men. When Jon finishes eating supper, Lord Steward Bowen Marsh, Septon Cellador, and First Builder Othell Yarwyck come to voice their concerns. Jon is sending Iron Emmett away, but he has put Leathers, a wildling, in charge of training new recruits. Jon explains that Leathers has sworn his vows and that he is a very dangerous opponent. They also...
(The entire section is 272 words.)
Chapter 40 Summary
Tyrion has somehow agreed to ride Pretty in a tilt against Penny. The crew of the Selaesori Qhoran has grown restless, waiting for a wind. Men that once rubbed Tyrion's head for luck now blame him for their misfortune, so Tyrion agrees to do what he can to make them happy. Tyrion loses the joust, though Penny hopes it will be the first of many. Perhaps they will joust in front of Queen Daenerys. When Ser Jorah suggests that Tyrion will not be able to joust in front of Daenerys because she will judge him justly, Tyrion suggests that she might not do as Ser Jorah expects. Tyrion did not kill any member of her family, whereas Ser Jorah spied on her for years. Ser Jorah punches Tyrion, breaking one of his teeth, and tells him...
(The entire section is 220 words.)
Chapter 41 Summary
The Turncloak, Theon Greyjoy, eats alone in Winterfell's hall. Arya Stark weeps in her tower while the men eat. The hall is the only place the men have since the winter snows have begun to fall. Stannis, they know, is out there in the snow, slowly marching to Winterfell, which, though burnt, is still a powerful castle surrounded by two walls. Rowan, one of the women that accompanies Abel, approaches Theon and tells him that it was clever of him to take Wintefell. She asks if he had a secret entrance, but Theon refuses to tell her how he took the castle. As he walks around, he wonders how he could escape, but dismisses the thought. Lady Dustin takes Theon from the hall and tells him to show her the crypt beneath the castle where the...
(The entire section is 266 words.)
Ed. Scott Locklear
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A Photograph Summary
Summary and Analysis
“A Photograph,” a poem by the English writer Shirley Toulson, describes the adult speaker’s discovery of a photograph showing her mother, at that time a girl, and some even younger cousins swimming during a holiday at the sea. At the time the picture was taken, the speaker’s mother was “the big girl,” roughly twelve years old (4), and the picture shows her holding the hands of the two younger girls as they swim. The photo shows all three girls smiling for the camera, and the speaker fondly recalls how her mother, in her thirties or forties, later looked at the picture and laughed at the way she and her cousins were dressed. Now the speaker, looking at the picture herself, ponders the fact that her mother has been dead for roughly twelve years—about as long as the young girl in the picture had at that point lived.
Clearly one theme of Toulson’s poem is mutability, or change. The picture records a time in the distant past; the speaker recalls a time in the more recent past; and then the speaker finally comments on the present, when her mother has been dead for roughly twelve years. The poem is thus a meditation on the passing of time and also on the fact of loss, especially the mother’s loss of her youth and the speaker’s loss of her mother. Yet the poem can also be seen as a response to, and minor victory over, such loss. Just as the photograph records the past so that the past still, in some sense, exists, so the poem itself records both the photograph and the responses to it of the speaker’s mother and of the speaker herself. The poem itself functions as a kind of photograph, preserving the past so that it never completely disappears.
The fact that the photograph is surrounded by (or pasted onto) a piece of mere “cardboard” (1) already suggests the idea of fragility. The photograph is not surrounded by a sturdy metal frame, nor is it (apparently) preserved under protective glass. Instead, the photo is in some ways as vulnerable to change as the people it pictures have proven to be. In the photo, the mother, then a twelve-year-old girl, serves as a source of security and reassurance to her younger cousins. Ironically, of course, the mother herself is now dead; although she protected her...
(The entire section is 930 words.)
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Q: I won't say our sales were down this year, but they were little more than flat. We've just begun planning our marketing program for 2004. What can we do to really build sales?
A: To make this new year your best ever, it's vital to steer clear of the typical bad habits and critical mistakes that plague entrepreneurs nationwide. Here's a look at three marketing mistakes that can torpedo your success and tips on the best ways to avoid them.
• A pinch of this, a pinch of that. This mistake is often made by entrepreneurs with big appetites and small budgets. They want to try a little bit of everything--advertising in multiple magazines and newspapers, online ads on a variety of sites and a list of special events--but with limited budgets, they end up with a tiny presence in each. As a result, ads and promotions get minor attention and their entire marketing budgets are wasted.
When it comes to advertising, bigger is usually better. Large, four-color magazine ads generally produce better results than small, black-and-white ads. And on the Web, skyscrapers and large rectangular ads routinely outperform small banners. To maximize results from your marketing program, narrow your media choices and consistently run larger ads with enough frequency to get noticed.
• Focusing only on what's happening inside your business. Some entrepreneurs get so inner-focused that they lose sight of all else, while others are constantly listening, looking and learning from the changing marketing environment outside their own companies. For example, a client of mine, whose company markets videotapes and equipment, foresees a time when the VHS tape will go the way of the 8-track, and sales will plummet due to new technology. As a result, she has begun forming strategic marketing partnerships with other businesses to more heavily promote equipment sales.
Entrepreneurs who are too inner-focused often become complacent. They may stay with an old marketing tactic long after it stops working, or they may sit back and wait for business to come in instead of taking aggressive steps to target plum accounts. If this sounds all too familiar, it's time to shake things up. Stop focusing strictly on the work that's due today and decide what you'd like to make happen for your company in the future. Look outside your business for industry trends and stay abreast of all changes that affect your target audiences. Formalize the process you use to get feedback from customers--whether it's through phone calls, meetings, surveys or online message boards. And be prepared to act swiftly on what you learn.
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Babies - Category Header 920x60
Does Beyoncé Really Stand to Earn Millions by Having a Baby?
Beyonce Knowles Tabatha Fireman/Redferns
How much of a cash cow will Beyoncé's baby be for her? Will this birth make her even richer?
—J. Packer, via the inbox
Richer than who, exactly—the royal family? Beyoncé already has an estimated net worth of somewhere in the nine figures: We're talking $115 million to $300 million, depending on which brand of capitalism porn you read. So whatever she makes off of her baby, assuming she considers even doing so, will be pocket change.
Just what is pocket change for Beyoncé? Well ...
WHATTA BAMBINO! Beyoncé Takes Bump to Italy
Remember, there's nothing a baby-oriented business loves more than a famous mommy. Ever since Beyoncé made her announcement at the VMAs, you can safely bet that thousands of dollars worth of stuff has been arriving at Chez Z: baby clothes, baby bags, baby furniture, bottles, other gear. The goal: a paparazzi photo of Beyoncé using the stuff in public. It's free advertising, the very best kind. By the time the kid is born, don't be surprised if the dollar value of the freebies reaches the tens or even hundreds of thousands.
That said, the biggest payday will, of course, come from the first baby photo, assuming that Beyoncé chooses to sell that photo at all. (Sarah Jessica Parker, for example, chose not to sell a photo of her first born and instead let paparazzi snap away during the baby's first public appearance.)
"Beyoncé has got a million-dollar baby on her hands," estimates Mark Pasetsky, former editor of OK! magazine, and now the founder of the publicity firm Mark Allen & Co. "It will be at least a million. She's is a very well-loved star, this is her first baby and she's popular around the world."
MORE: How Did Beyoncé Keep Her Pregnancy So Secret?
Now if that figure sounds a little small, you're right: Jennifer Lopez charged a reported $6 million for access to her newborn twins. And People magazine is said to have paid Brangelina $14 million for a first look at their twins. Even the first photo of Shiloh Jolie-Pitt garnered a reported $4 million.
You can blame the economy, insiders tell me. Fewer magazines are publishing, particularly in the U.S., which means less competition, and lower bids, for baby photos.
Still, $1million will buy Beyoncé a hell of a lot of Pampers.
WHAT I DID FOR HOVE: A Beyoncé & Jay-Z Romance in Photos
Thor vs. Captain America
Chris Hemsworth & Chris Evans duke it out at Comic-Con
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The Last of Us: Left Behind is a two-hour triumph
Writer Neil Druckmann on skipping Ish, exploring Ellie and bringing the story to a close.
You've likely waited over six months for a fresh hit of The Last of Us's story - so the last thing I'm going to do, with less than a week to go, is spoil for you what makes Left Behind, a prequel of sorts that explores some of Ellie's backstory, so special. I'll share a few numbers with you, though: Left Behind takes some two hours from beginning to end, and in that time I welled up once, while thinking to myself that Naughty Dog has done it again a couple times more. It's an expansion as brave and thoughtful as the original, retaining the quality of Joel and Ellie's story and enhancing it in subtle, moving ways.
"We were worried that we'd somehow diminish the experience of The Last of Us," Neil Druckmann, writer and creative director on The Last of Us and its Left Behind DLC, says when I tell him that, in my opinion at least, it's a success. "So that's great to hear."
Seeing as we can't exactly discuss what it is about the story-beats and set-pieces that works so well right now - we'll be looking to do that soon after Left Behind's release - the best place to start is exploring what this DLC isn't. Naughty Dog was open about working on another chapter within the world of The Last of Us soon after the release of the original, but before the precise details were made clear there was some speculation that it would centre on Ish, a character sketched out through background detail as players made their way through The Suburbs. This was a possibility considered by Naughty Dog, but one it ended up opting out of.
It's only a couple of hours long, but a good number of surprises fit into the run-time.
"The only reason we discussed it is because we thought there was so much demand for it," explains Druckmann. "The thing with Ish, I think it's one of those things that's better left to the imagination - everyone has a different idea of what he looks like, how old he is or how he'd behave. It felt like we'd take something away from that by fleshing it out. Even in the DLC we actually had at one point a note that we wrote out that you'd find that continued Ish's story. It was a really moving note about him and his relationship with Susan, but it felt too much like fan service, too much of a coincidence that you'd find this note."
The idea that made sense, though, had already been suggested in one of the main game's more powerful moments, as well as providing the foundation for American Dreams, a tie-in graphic novel penned by Druckmann and Faith Erin Hicks. It centred on the relationship between Ellie and Riley, a friendship played out against the backdrop of a quarantine zone. "We had a quick brainstorm of ideas, and pretty quickly none of them lasted more than a sentence or two," says Druckmann. "We'd keep coming back to this story. It felt like a story that could stand on its own and had its own arc, that fit with the themes of The Last of Us but more importantly, it gave new light on the main story. It fits all those criteria on what would make a story worth telling."
Left Behind's focus on an adolescent relationship takes it to some fascinating places, and makes it - in parts - a much more playful outing. It's set against an abandoned shopping mall, a standard backdrop for post-apocalyptic narratives most famously used in George Romero's original Dawn of the Dead, but seeing it through the half-bemused and half-delighted perspective of a pair of teenage girls gives it a fresh twist. "People bought this stuff? I just don't get it," Ellie says as she walks through aisle upon aisle of so much rotting tat, before later being taken aback by the spectacle of a carousel in full bloom.
Left Behind fills in a few gaps in the existing The Last of Us story, and fleshes out Ellie's story. It's an origin tale, of sorts.
"It was such a sweet idea," says Druckmann. "This is what teenagers do. They skip school and go to the mall, they goof around and have fun. What's the post-apocalyptic version of that? Because they live these harsh lives, it's really interesting to us to say what if we play with that, and with two teenagers goofing around and having fun, but then you still see the reality of that world. Where we can afterwards go home - maybe you'd get grounded if you skip school - for this there are much greater consequences if you screw up."
Riley and Ellie's relationship, as told across the two hours of Left Behind, ends up as convincing - and as emotionally powerful - as that between Ellie and Joel. It's a different dynamic, and a different type of bond, but again it's one forged through mechanics as much as it is through the perfectly pitched cut-scenes. "In the original story campaign, we wanted to have these ideas where, how do we push relationship building outside of combat," says Druckmann. "With this, we really wanted to stretch ourselves to go past our comfort zone - what else can we do to build relationships outside of combat? We felt like the best moments in the Last of Us were the ones where we had this really great contrast between the horrible things you'd witness then these really sweet moments like the giraffe sequence."
There are sweet moments throughout Left Behind, as well as tragic ones. Some of that tragedy won't come as a surprise to anyone who's played through the original to its conclusion, which makes Naughty Dog's decision to have Riley's story at the centre of its expansion all the more brave, and all the more strange. "Before we committed to this side story, we challenged ourselves and said, is this a story worth telling, because people already know how it ends," says Druckmann. "Is there anything new here, and is there any other insight I could gain from this? And it's not so much about how it ends. It's about this journey, and seeing the impact the relationship has with Ellie and how deep it went. It felt like a new insight into who Ellie was."
Not long to wait now to see how Ellie and Riley's story plays out, and how Naughty Dog draws a line under one of the best stories the last generation has had to offer. We'll have a full review, and a little more insight from Druckmann, later next week.
Comments (63)
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Pulmicort turbuhaler My asthma varies quite a lot. I also have ADHD, for which I take Ritalin, and as long as my life is not too hectic, the Ritalin will usually be effective in keeping my asthma in check, too, especially in summer. By the way, it seems Ritalin was originally developed as asthma medication in the 1950's, so it is not all that surprising it does some good in that field. After all, Ritalin counteracts an overreaction to stimuli, and asthma is just another type of overreaction. Apparently, Ritalin was abandoned as an asthma treatment due to some side effects (amphetamine rush) often overshadowing its medical effect in all but a subpopulation (which might well be our asthmatic ADHD subjects, as asthma is a rather common ADHD comorbidity). I started using Pulmicort long before my ADHD was diagnosed, and I find it very effective, both by itself and in combination with Ritalin. I now use it - standard - during autumn and winter, as the damp, chilly air will trigger asthma episodes, as does every respiratory virus, which will also cause secundary bronchitis and sinusitis, if I don't use my meds. I also use Flixonase (fluticasone proprionate) to prevent sinusitis.
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Do crows and ravens steal shiny things?
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Crows and ravens seem to be curious about all new things they see, whether they are shiny or not. Young birds will investigate objects they do not recognize. It might be something shiny, like a key, but it also might be a pine cone, a pebble, a bit of glass, or a blueberry. Unless the object tastes good, they will usually ignore it after awhile. Or, they might hide it in a cache. They dont hide things in their nests, though. Crow expert Kevin McGowan has been peeking into crow nests for almost 20 years, and the only odd thing hes ever seen has been a tennis ball.
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Tuesday, February 12, 2008
Up, Up and Away Posted by Sean @ 15:05 GMT
Our malware detections continue to grow at a quick pace. But by how much?
Growth Rate
At the end of 2006 we had about 250 thousand detections in total. That took 20 years to accumulate. (From 1986 to 2006.)
At the end of 2007 we had doubled our total number of detections to just over 500 thousand. So it only took one year to double the previous twenty year's accumulation.
Taking a look at today's numbers, we have close to 560 thousand total detections. It's February 12th. That's an additional 59000 detections added in 43 days at an average of 1372.093 per day.
Maintaining that pace (no guarantee that it won't further increase) there will be at least another 500 thousand detections this year for a grand total of one million or more by the end of 2008.
<<< Storm Has Sent Their Cupids
February's Updates >>>
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Main Page | See live article | Alphabetical index
Osmoregulation is one of the major process by which animals maintain homeostasis of fluids. "Osmoregulation is the active regulation of osmotic pressure of body fluids to keep them from becoming too dilute or too concentrated" (Solomon Animals in all environments (aquatic and terrestrial) must maintain the right concentration of solutes and amount of water in their body fluids; this involves excretion: getting rid of metabolic wastes and other substances such as hormones which would be toxic if allowed to accumulate in the blood via organs such as the skin and the kidneys; keeping the water and dissolved solutes in balanced is referred to as osmoregulation.
Table of contents
1 Forms of osmoregulation
2 Vertebrate excretory systems
3 References
Forms of osmoregulation
Two major types of osmoregulation are osmoconformers and osmoregulators. Osmoconformers are animals that allow their body fluid concentration to vary with the environment. An example are marine fish. By drinking in sea water, and actively excreting salt out from the gills, the fish will gain salt as it produces an isotonic urine. Omoregulators are more common in the animal kingdom. Osmoregulators actively control salt concentrations despite the salt concentrations in the environment. An example are freshwater fish. The gills actively uptake salt from the environment. Water will diffuse into the fish where the fish will excrete a very hypotonic urine to expel all the excess water.
Kidneys play a very large role in human osmoregulation. Kidneys regulate the amount of water in urine waste. With the help of naturally producing hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and angiotensin II, the human body can increase permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidney to reabsorb water and prevent it from being excreted.
A major way animals have evolved to osmoregulate is by controlling the amount of water excreted through the excretory system.
Vertebrate excretory systems
Waste products of nitrogen metabolism
Ammonia is a toxic by-product of protein metabolism and is generally converted to less toxic substances after it is produced then excreted; mammals convert ammonia to urea while birds and reptiles form uric acid to be excreted with other wastes via their cloacas.
How osmoregulation is achieved in vertebrates
Four processes occur:
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Isabel, 1846–1921, princess imperial of Brazil; eldest daughter of Pedro II. She acted as regent in her father's absence. Her marriage to the comte d'Eu added to her own unpopularity and probably contributed to the growing republican sentiment of her time. Along with her father, she is remembered for her espousal of the cause of emancipation. On May 13, 1888, she signed the law abolishing slavery, which alienated the large landholders and precipitated the downfall of the empire. When Pedro II was deposed and exiled (1889), Isabel followed him to Paris with her family and spent the remainder of her life there.
See C. H. Haring, Empire in Brazil (1958).
More on Isabel from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Brazilian History: Biographies
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Much of the fourth largest U.S. state is still sparsely populated country dominated by spectacular nature. High granite peaks, forests, lakes, and such wonders as those of Glacier National Park attract many visitors to Montana. Other places of interest include Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, Big Hole National Battlefield, and Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site (see National Parks and Monuments, table) and the National Bison Range, near Ravalli, where herds of buffalo may be seen. Strips of Yellowstone National Park, including the north and west entrances, are also in Montana, as are such Native American reservations as the Blackfoot, the Fort Belknap, the Fort Peck, and the Crow. Rushing mountain streams and numerous lakes bring fishing enthusiasts to the state, and the abundant wildlife—elk, deer, bear, moose, and waterfowl—attracts hunters. Mountain and ski resorts draw other vacationers. Helena is the capital, Billings and Great Falls the largest cities; other important cities include Missoula and Butte.
More on Montana Geography from Fact Monster:
• Montana: Geography - Geography Life in Montana's mountainous western area differs greatly from that on its eastern ...
See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography
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Stikine Mountains
Stikine Mountains, range of the Rocky Mts., NW British Columbia, Canada, extending c.250 mi (400 km) northwest-southeast and rising to 8,200 ft (2,500 m) in Mt. Witt. The Stikine, Skeena, and Finlay rivers rise there.
More on Stikine Mountains from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Canadian Physical Geography
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Andie MacDowell
(Rosalie Anderson MacDowell)
Born: 4/21/1958
Birthplace: Gaffney, South Carolina
Film actress and former Calvin Klein model, MacDowell got her start in films as Jane in Greystoke:The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes (1984) though her entire performance was later dubbed over by Glenn Close. She established herself as a serious actress when she appeared in the sleeper hit sex, lies and videotape (1989). Other films include Green Card (1990), Groundhog Day (1993), Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), Multiplicity (1996), Michael (1996) andTown & Country (2001). She joined Queen Latifah, Alicia Silverstone, and Kevin Bacon in 2005's Beauty Shop.
Ralph MacchioMAli MacGraw
More on Andie MacDowell from Fact Monster:
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Gift Guide
Gift Guide: 'iZombie' Vol. 1 by Chris Roberson and Mike Allred
An interesting take on the zombie genre, this graphic novel follows an undead female who can maintain the appearance of a live girl by eating brains once a month. Not content to stick solely with zombies, writer Chris Roberson and illustrator Mike Allred throw in a ghost stuck in the 60s and a were-terrier, and the trio fight villains like evil sororities and a lascivious mummy.
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How to Break 7 Common Bad Eating Habits
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How to Break 7 Common Bad Eating Habits
You can break your bad eating habits, one step at a time. Here, simple solutions for the 7 most common bad eating habits.
1. Make a plan and stick to it. Consuming the same simple, locally grown or organic foods week to week will help prevent you from resorting to last-minute fast-food (and unhealthy) meals. Avoid using treats, such as ice cream or other sweets, as a reward for a hard day.
2. Don't munch on the run. Our brains feel gypped if we aren't mindful of the food we're eating. Make a point to eat breakfast and dinner at a table as often as possible. Otherwise, you may end up conditioning yourself to eat anytime, anyplace -- like when you're lying on the couch watching TV.
3. Avoid noshing in the car. You can quickly become trained to eat whenever you're behind the wheel. Plus, it's harder to keep track of what you're eating if you're driving and munching.
4. Have a healthy snack, like fruits and veggies, 30 minutes before you eat a meal. It can take as long as half an hour for fullness signals to travel from the stomach to the brain. The sooner you start eating, the sooner your belly will get the message to your brain that you've had enough food.
5. Downsize your dishes. Unless our plates are full, we tend to feel cheated, like we haven't eaten enough. So use a dessert dish for your entree.
6. Bust your eating triggers. If watching your favorite reality show triggers a craving for bowlfuls of your favorite snack, give up eating in front of the TV.
NOTE: If you find yourself lying about how much food you're eating, hiding food, or frequently eating enough to feel uncomfortable, you may need to seek professional help. A good place to start: Overeaters Anonymous (
Originally published on, July 2008.
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MathMan (7 Jan 2012)
"Kevin Heckle's "Amazing Mathematical Proofs of God's Design (What are the odds Mathman?)""
Dear Kevin & Doves,
I have to say that I stand HUMBLED next to your awesome calculations. Only the Lord could have given you the skill to come up with such ingenious and amazing ratios and combinations combining planetary alignments and mathematical formulas. Seriously, that was UNBELIEVABLE!!
For those who are “mathphobes”, at the very least simply skim over this stuff - it is SIMPLY AMAZING:
WHAT A LORD WE SERVE!! Kevin, this is just another feather in God’s cap (as if He needed any more). Is there ANYTHING He can’t do? Of course not!!
Now, on to your question (which I am sure was tongue in cheek). What are the odds? Unfortunately, to calculate the odds, I need to be able to derive both a numerator and a denominator. Let us assume the numerator is 1 (not hard). But that where it gets difficult. The denominator is simply incalculable. Hence, I will have to conclude this by saying that the denominator = x, wherein x is infinity, so great is the Lord we serve. Why? Because only the infinite capabilities of our Lord could make all these things balance out so beautifully and exquisitely.
Thanks again for blessing us with this study. It was A LOT of fun to read!!
YbiC, MathMan
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France to Investors: Please, Don't Ever Invest Here
It's not easy doing business in the People's Republic of France.
From Google, which was sued two years ago for scanning and digitizing French literature, to Coca-Cola, whose products were pulled from store shelves in 1999 over complaints of a funny taste, to even Chiquita Brands, which has for years struggled to overcome French and other EU nations' preferential import schemes for bananas grown in their former colonies, this is a lesson many companies have learned over the years.
It's a lesson Yahoo! (NASDAQ: YHOO ) learned again this week.
No soup for Yahoo!
For some time now, Yahoo! has been angling to make a big buy in France. New CEO Marissa Mayer had her eye on online video website and Google rival Dailymotion, which France Telecom (NYSE: ORAN ) was looking to unload.
A deal was in the works for France Telecom to sell Yahoo! majority control of Dailymotion. But then, in April, France killed it. At a meeting among Yahoo!'s COO, France Telecom's CFO, and French Industry Minister Arnaud Montebourg, the latter told the former in no uncertain terms: "I won't let you sell one of France's best start-ups."
(Which is curious, because Dailymotion isn't really a "start-up" anymore, and isn't even independent. France Telecom itself bought half of the company in 2011, then the rest earlier this year, paying about $165 million in all.)
Nevertheless, that's where things stand now. France Telecom is reportedly still interested in a deal, but France itself is not.
Don't kill the baby. Just cut it in half.
And yet, Montebourg's chief of staff still insists: "The government isn't the one that closed the door." Indeed, the government might even approve of a sale... of no more than 50% of Dailymotion.
Basically, that's France's defense to charges that it scotched the Dailymotion deal -- a deal that could have netted France Telecom an 82% return on its investment (Yahoo! was reportedly willing to pay a price valuing Dailymotion at $300 million). France didn't want to kill the deal outright, Montebourg says. The French government only wanted to dictate the terms under which a private business can do business and prevent a buyer from getting what it wanted to pay for.
That's all.
Many victims, but no one's fault
Despite all this, Montebourg still insists he wants to "attract more foreign investment in France, in particular from American companies." (Good luck with that.) But the real loss here isn't to Yahoo! specifically, or even to American companies in general.
Yahoo! can always take the money it planned to spend on Dailymotion and plow it into organic investments to combat Google's YouTube dominance or to buy another start-up, just as good. (Dailymotion's only the 11th biggest online video website, after all). The real damage is to French companies like France Telecom, to entrepreneurs who build businesses like Dailymotion, and to France itself.
Investment bankers sometimes lament the fact that "it's harder to sell a French company, because of buyer perception" of a risk of government meddling. That obviously hurts the French economy, because the fewer the potential buyers, the less frenzied the bidding. The less frenzied the bidding, the lower the price ultimately paid -- meaning less money for France.
Foolish takeaway
It's hard to see the effect a single derailed deal has on France's near-$3 trillion economy. It's at the investor and entrepreneur level that the damage becomes more visible.
Thanks to the meddling of the French minister, investors in France Telecom are losing out on what could have been a $135 million profit on their company's $165 million investment. Founders of other French start-ups -- which Montebourg holds so dear -- will face more problems attracting foreign capital, starving them of the funds they need to grow.
And that's the real tragedy here. In an effort to protect French jobs and industry and promote French entrepreneurship, Monsieur Montebourg and his ilk are really only making it harder for companies with cash to invest in France -- decreasing investment, hurting jobs growth, and slowing the economy. When you get right down to it, what was bad news for Yahoo! this week will end up being worse news for France.
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Jacqueline Mitchell
Jacqueline Mitchell
8/29/2008 @ 4:00PM
In Depth: Most Fuel-Efficient American Cars
Page 8 of 11
Courtesy Saturn
2009 Saturn Astra
EPA Combined Fuel Economy: 27 mpg
Engine: 1.8-liters 4-cylinder
Base MSRP: $15,875 (for 2008; 2009 has not yet been released)
Related Stories
Least Expensive Cars To Drive
Best Hybrids For The Buck
Best Small Cars For The Buck
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Free Shipping
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July 30, 2005
Letter from a farm kid turned Marine...
Dear Ma and Pa:
See the rest of "Letter from a farm kid turned Marine..."
July 26, 2005
Dellivering Chimpanzees
See the rest of "Dellivering Chimpanzees"
July 25, 2005
See the rest of "Shopping"
The Perfect Gynaecologist
See the rest of "The Perfect Gynaecologist"
July 24, 2005
You've been drinking again
An Irishman had been drinking at a pub all night. The bartender finally said that the bar was closing. So, the Irishman stood up to leave fell flat on his face. He tried to stand one more time; same result. He figured he'll crawl outside and get some fresh air and maybe that will sober him up.
See the rest of "You've been drinking again"
How they get the lime in Pepsi
See the rest of "How they get the lime in Pepsi"
July 21, 2005
Not for sensitive male readers...
A. Shoot him again.
See the rest of "Not for sensitive male readers..."
July 17, 2005
What Peace Looks Like
See the rest of "What Peace Looks Like"
July 15, 2005
Bush versus Osama
See the rest of "Bush versus Osama"
July 14, 2005
Don't dump a clever woman
See the rest of "Don't dump a clever woman"
July 13, 2005
How NOT to take a picture of your cat
See the rest of "How NOT to take a picture of your cat"
July 12, 2005
Things Change
It's funny how, as we get older, our priorities change.
The other morning I awoke to see my wife standing beside the bed dressed in very skimpy underwear and holding several pieces of velvet rope.
"Tie me up and you can do anything you want", she purred.
See the rest of "Things Change"
Windows 2005 - Special Edition
Dear Consumers:
It has come to our attention that a few copies of the WINDOWS 2005 TENNESSEE EDITION may have accidentally been shipped outside of the STATE of TENNESSEE.
If you have one of these, you may need help understanding the commands. The TENNESSEE EDITION may be recognized by the unique opening screen. It reads: WINDERS 2005, with a background picture of Waylon and Willie superimposed on a bottle of Jack Daniels.
Please also note:
See the rest of "Windows 2005 - Special Edition"
July 8, 2005
Viagra Irish Style
"What about trying Viagra? asks the doctor.
See the rest of "Viagra Irish Style"
July 2, 2005
IRAQI Consitution
See the rest of "IRAQI Consitution"
One of these is not like the others
OK, maybe two...
See the rest of "One of these is not like the others"
July 1, 2005
More Cat Haiku
The food in my bowl
Is old, and more to the point
Contains no tuna.
So you want to play.
Will I claw at dancing string?
Your ankle's closer.
See the rest of "More Cat Haiku"
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Social networking is fuzzy – what's your take?
I was making a list of social networking methods for blogs, plus discussing it with Deb, and I realized that some of the methods I use are pretty fuzzy. Many social activities cross over with blog promotion and the other way around, and it all mixes up with building your own blog community. For example, if someone finds you through Technorati and you become pals and maybe score a gig through that friendship, is it blog promotion, or are you doing a little networking? Fuzzy business. That said, I’m going to cover some blog networking methods over the next few [Read more…]
Content Freelance Writing Gigs
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Part 4 out of 51
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Offenders would perhaps never have an Opportunity of injuring any other
Way. The following Letter is a Complaint of a Young Lady, who sets forth
a Trespass of this Kind with that Command of herself as befits Beauty
and Innocence, and yet with so much Spirit as sufficiently expresses her
Indignation. The whole Transaction is performed with the Eyes; and the
Crime is no less than employing them in such a Manner, as to divert the
Eyes of others from the best use they can make of them, even looking up
to Heaven.
There never was (I believe) an acceptable Man, but had some awkward
Imitators. Ever since the SPECTATOR appear'd, have I remarked a kind
of Men, whom I choose to call _Starers_, that without any Regard to
Time, Place, or Modesty, disturb a large Company with their
impertinent Eyes. Spectators make up a proper Assembly for a
Puppet-Show or a Bear-Garden; but devout Supplicants and attentive
Hearers, are the Audience one ought to expect in Churches. I am, Sir,
Member of a small pious congregation near one of the North Gates of
this City; much the greater Part of us indeed are Females, and used to
behave our selves in a regular attentive Manner, till very lately one
whole Isle has been disturbed with one of these monstrous _Starers_:
He's the Head taller than any one in the Church; but for the greater
Advantage of exposing himself, stands upon a Hassock, and commands the
whole Congregation, to the great Annoyance of the devoutest part of
the Auditory; for what with Blushing, Confusion, and Vexation, we can
neither mind the Prayers nor Sermon. Your Animadversion upon this
Insolence would be a great favour to,
Your most humble servant,
S. C.
I have frequently seen of this Sort of Fellows; and do not think there
can be a greater Aggravation of an Offence, than that it is committed
where the Criminal is protected by the Sacredness of the Place which he
violates. Many Reflections of this Sort might be very justly made upon
this Kind of Behaviour, but a _Starer_ is not usually a Person to be
convinced by the Reason of the thing; and a Fellow that is capable of
showing an impudent Front before a whole Congregation, and can bear
being a publick Spectacle, is not so easily rebuked as to amend by
Admonitions. If therefore my Correspondent does not inform me, that
within Seven Days after this Date the Barbarian does not at least stand
upon his own Legs only, without an Eminence, my friend WILL. PROSPER has
promised to take an Hassock opposite to him, and stare against him in
Defence of the Ladies. I have given him Directions, according to the
most exact Rules of Opticks, to place himself in such a Manner that he
shall meet his Eyes wherever he throws them: I have Hopes that when
WILL. confronts him, and all the Ladies, in whose Behalf he engages him,
cast kind Looks and Wishes of Success at their Champion, he will have
some Shame, and feel a little of the Pain he has so often put others to,
of being out of Countenance.
It has indeed been Time out of Mind generally remarked, and as often
lamented, that this Family of _Starers_ have infested publick
Assemblies: And I know no other Way to obviate so great an Evil, except,
in the Case of fixing their Eyes upon Women, some Male Friend will take
the Part of such as are under the Oppression of Impudence, and encounter
the Eyes of the _Starers_ wherever they meet them. While we suffer our
Women to be thus impudently attacked, they have no Defence, but in the
End to cast yielding Glances at the _Starers_: And in this Case, a Man
who has no Sense of Shame has the same Advantage over his Mistress, as
he who has no Regard for his own Life has over his Adversary. While the
Generality of the World are fetter'd by Rules, and move by proper and
just Methods, he who has no Respect to any of them, carries away the
Reward due to that Propriety of Behaviour, with no other Merit but that
of having neglected it.
I take an impudent Fellow to be a sort of Out-law in Good-Breeding, and
therefore what is said of him no Nation or Person can be concerned for:
For this Reason one may be free upon him. I have put my self to great
Pains in considering this prevailing Quality which we call Impudence,
and have taken Notice that it exerts it self in a different Manner,
according to the different Soils wherein such Subjects of these
Dominions as are Masters of it were born. Impudence in an Englishman is
sullen and insolent, in a Scotchman it is untractable and rapacious, in
an Irishman absurd and fawning: As the Course of the World now runs, the
impudent Englishman behaves like a surly Landlord, the Scot, like an
ill-received Guest, and the Irishman, like a Stranger who knows he is
not welcome. There is seldom anything entertaining either in the
Impudence of a South or North Briton; but that of an Irishman is always
comick. A true and genuine Impudence is ever the Effect of Ignorance,
without the least Sense of it. The best and most successful _Starers_
now in this Town are of that Nation: They have usually the Advantage of
the Stature mentioned in the above Letter of my Correspondent, and
generally take their Stands in the Eye of Women of Fortune; insomuch
that I have known one of them, three Months after he came from Plough,
with a tolerable good Air lead out a Woman from a Play, which one of our
own Breed, after four years at _Oxford_ and two at the _Temple_, would
have been afraid to look at.
I cannot tell how to account for it, but these People have usually the
Preference to our own Fools, in the Opinion of the sillier Part of
Womankind. Perhaps it is that an English Coxcomb is seldom so obsequious
as an Irish one; and when the Design of pleasing is visible, an
Absurdity in the Way toward it is easily forgiven.
But those who are downright impudent, and go on without Reflection that
they are such, are more to be tolerated, than a Set of Fellows among us
who profess Impudence with an Air of Humour, and think to carry off the
most inexcusable of all Faults in the World, with no other Apology than
saying in a gay Tone, _I put an impudent Face upon the Matter_. No, no
Man shall be allowed the Advantages of Impudence, who is conscious that
he is such: If he knows he is impudent, he may as well be otherwise; and
it shall be expected that he blush, when he sees he makes another do it:
For nothing can attone for the want of Modesty, without which Beauty is
ungraceful, and Wit detestable.
* * * * *
No. 21. Saturday, March 24, 1711. [1] Addison.
'Locus est et phiribus Umbris.'
I am sometimes very much troubled, when I reflect upon the three great
Professions of Divinity, Law, and Physick; how they are each of them
over-burdened with Practitioners, and filled with Multitudes of
Ingenious Gentlemen that starve one another.
We may divide the Clergy into Generals, Field-Officers, and Subalterns.
Among the first we may reckon Bishops, Deans, and Arch-Deacons. Among
the second are Doctors of Divinity, Prebendaries, and all that wear
Scarfs. The rest are comprehended under the Subalterns. As for the first
Class, our Constitution preserves it from any Redundancy of Incumbents,
notwithstanding Competitors are numberless. Upon a strict Calculation,
it is found that there has been a great Exceeding of late Years in the
Second Division, several Brevets having been granted for the converting
of Subalterns into Scarf-Officers; insomuch that within my Memory the
price of Lute-string is raised above two Pence in a Yard. As for the
Subalterns, they are not to be numbred. Should our Clergy once enter
into the corrupt Practice of the Laity, by the splitting of their
Free-holds, they would be able to carry most of the Elections in
The Body of the Law is no less encumbered with superfluous Members, that
are like _Virgil's_ Army, which he tells us was so crouded, [2] many of
them had not Room to use their Weapons. This prodigious Society of Men
may be divided into the Litigious and Peaceable. Under the first are
comprehended all those who are carried down in Coach-fulls to
_Westminster-Hall_ every Morning in Term-time. _Martial's_ description
of this Species of Lawyers is full of Humour:
'Iras et verba locant.'
Men that hire out their Words and Anger; that are more or less
passionate according as they are paid for it, and allow their Client a
quantity of Wrath proportionable to the Fee which they receive from him.
I must, however, observe to the Reader, that above three Parts of those
whom I reckon among the Litigious, are such as are only quarrelsome in
their Hearts, and have no Opportunity of showing their Passion at the
Bar. Nevertheless, as they do not know what Strifes may arise, they
appear at the Hall every Day, that they may show themselves in a
Readiness to enter the Lists, whenever there shall be Occasion for them.
The Peaceable Lawyers are, in the first place, many of the Benchers of
the several Inns of Court, who seem to be the Dignitaries of the Law,
and are endowed with those Qualifications of Mind that accomplish a Man
rather for a Ruler, than a Pleader. These Men live peaceably in their
Habitations, Eating once a Day, and Dancing once a Year, [3] for the
Honour of their Respective Societies.
Another numberless Branch of Peaceable Lawyers, are those young Men who
being placed at the Inns of Court in order to study the Laws of their
Country, frequent the Play-House more than _Westminster-Hall_, and are
seen in all publick Assemblies, except in a Court of Justice. I shall
say nothing of those Silent and Busie Multitudes that are employed
within Doors in the drawing up of Writings and Conveyances; nor of those
greater Numbers that palliate their want of Business with a Pretence to
such Chamber-Practice.
If, in the third place, we look into the Profession of Physick, we shall
find a most formidable Body of Men: The Sight of them is enough to make
abounds in Physicians, it grows thin of People. Sir _William Temple_ is
very much puzzled to find a Reason why the Northern Hive, as he calls
it, does not send out such prodigious Swarms, and over-run the World
with _Goths_ and _Vandals, as it did formerly; [4] but had that
Excellent Author observed that there were no Students in Physick among
the Subjects of _Thor_ and _Woden_, and that this Science very much
flourishes in the North at present, he might have found a better
Solution for this Difficulty, than any of those he has made use of. This
Body of Men, in our own Country, may be described like the _British_
Army in _Caesar's_ time: Some of them slay in Chariots, and some on Foot.
If the Infantry do less Execution than the Charioteers, it is, because
they cannot be carried so soon into all Quarters of the Town, and
dispatch so much Business in so short a Time. Besides this Body of
Regular Troops, there are Stragglers, who, without being duly listed and
enrolled, do infinite Mischief to those who are so unlucky as to fall
into their Hands.
There are, besides the above-mentioned, innumerable Retainers to
Physick, who, for want of other Patients, amuse themselves with the
stifling of Cats in an Air Pump, cutting up Dogs alive, or impaling of
Insects upon the point of a Needle for Microscopical Observations;
besides those that are employed in the gathering of Weeds, and the Chase
of Butterflies: Not to mention the Cockle-shell-Merchants and
When I consider how each of these Professions are crouded with
Multitudes that seek their Livelihood in them, and how many Men of Merit
there are in each of them, who may be rather said to be of the Science,
than the Profession; I very much wonder at the Humour of Parents, who
will not rather chuse to place their Sons in a way of Life where an
honest Industry cannot but thrive, than in Stations where the greatest
Probity, Learning and Good Sense may miscarry. How many Men are
Country-Curates, that might have made themselves Aldermen of _London_ by
a right Improvement of a smaller Sum of Mony than what is usually laid
out upon a learned Education? A sober, frugal Person, of slender Parts
and a slow Apprehension, might have thrived in Trade, tho' he starves
upon Physick; as a Man would be well enough pleased to buy Silks of one,
whom he would not venture to feel his Pulse. _Vagellius_ is careful,
studious and obliging, but withal a little thick-skull'd; he has not a
single Client, but might have had abundance of Customers. The Misfortune
is, that Parents take a Liking to a particular Profession, and therefore
desire their Sons may be of it. Whereas, in so great an Affair of Life,
they should consider the Genius and Abilities of their Children, more
than their own Inclinations.
It is the great Advantage of a trading Nation, that there are very few
in it so dull and heavy, who may not be placed in Stations of Life which
may give them an Opportunity of making their Fortunes. A well-regulated
Commerce is not, like Law, Physick or Divinity, to be overstocked with
Hands; but, on the contrary, flourishes by Multitudes, and gives
Employment to all its Professors. Fleets of Merchantmen are so many
Squadrons of floating Shops, that vend our Wares and Manufactures in all
the Markets of the World, and find out Chapmen under both the Tropicks.
[Footnote 1: At this time, and until the establishment of New Style,
from 1752, the legal year began in England on the 25th of March, while
legally in Scotland, and by common usage throughout the whole kingdom,
the customary year began on the 1st of January. The _Spectator_
dated its years, according to custom, from the first of January; and so
wrote its first date March 1, 1711. But we have seen letters in it dated
in a way often adopted to avoid confusion (1710-11) which gave both the
legal and the customary reckoning. March 24 being the last day of the
legal year 1710, in the following papers, until December 31, the year is
1711 both by law and custom. Then again until March 24, while usage will
be recognizing a new year, 1712, it will be still for England (but not
for Scotland) 1711 to the lawyers. The reform initiated by Pope Gregory
XIII. in 1582, and not accepted for England and Ireland until 1751, had
been adopted by Scotland from the 1st of January, 1600.
[This reform was necessary to make up for the inadequate shortness of
the previous calendar (relative to the solar year), which had resulted
in some months' discrepancy by the eighteenth century.]]
[Footnote 2: [that]
[Footnote 3: In Dugdale's 'Origines Juridiciales' we read how in the
Middle Temple, on All Saints' Day, when the judges and serjeants who had
belonged to the Inn were feasted,
'the music being begun, the Master of the Revels was twice called. At
the second call, the Reader with the white staff advanced, and began
to lead the measures, followed by the barristers and students in
order; and when one measure was ended, the Reader at the cupboard
called for another.']
[Footnote 4: See Sir W. Temple's Essay on Heroic Virtue, Section 4.
'This part of Scythia, in its whole Northern extent, I take to have
been the vast Hive out of which issued so many mighty swarms of
barbarous nations,' &c. And again, 'Each of these countries was like a
mighty hive, which, by the vigour of propagation and health of
climate, growing too full of people, threw out some new swarm at
certain periods of time, that took wing and sought out some new abode,
expelling or subduing the old inhabitants, and seating themselves in
their rooms, if they liked the conditions of place and commodities of
life they met with; if not, going on till they found some other more
agreeable to their present humours and dispositions.' He attributes
their successes and their rapid propagation to the greater vigour of
life in the northern climates; and the only reason he gives for the
absence of like effects during the continued presence of like causes
is, that Christianity abated their enthusiasm and allayed 'the
restless humour of perpetual wars and actions.']
* * * * *
No. 22. Monday, March 26, 1711. Steele.
'Quodcunque ostendis mihi sic incredulus odi.'
The word _Spectator_ being most usually understood as one of the
Audience at Publick Representations in our Theatres, I seldom fail of
monstrous things done in both, that if one had not been an Eye-witness
of them, one could not believe that such Matters had really been
exhibited. There is very little which concerns human Life, or is a
Picture of Nature, that is regarded by the greater Part of the Company.
The Understanding is dismissed from our Entertainments. Our Mirth is the
Laughter of Fools, and our Admiration the Wonder of Idiots; else such
improbable, monstrous, and incoherent Dreams could not go off as they
do, not only without the utmost Scorn and Contempt, but even with the
loudest Applause and Approbation. But the Letters of my Correspondents
will represent this Affair in a more lively Manner than any Discourse of
my own; I [shall therefore [1] ] give them to my Reader with only this
Preparation, that they all come from Players, [and that the business of
Playing is now so managed that you are not to be surprised when I say]
one or two of [them [2]] are rational, others sensitive and vegetative
Actors, and others wholly inanimate. I shall not place these as I have
named them, but as they have Precedence in the Opinion of their
Your having been so humble as to take Notice of the Epistles of other
Animals, emboldens me, who am the wild Boar that was killed by Mrs.
_Tofts_, [3] to represent to you, That I think I was hardly used
in not having the Part of the Lion in 'Hydaspes' given to me. It
would have been but a natural Step for me to have personated that
noble Creature, after having behaved my self to Satisfaction in the
Part above-mention'd: But that of a Lion, is too great a Character for
one that never trod the Stage before but upon two Legs. As for the
little Resistance which I made, I hope it may be excused, when it is
considered that the Dart was thrown at me by so fair an Hand. I must
confess I had but just put on my Brutality; and _Camilla's_
charms were such, that b-holding her erect Mien, hearing her charming
Voice, and astonished with her graceful Motion, I could not keep up to
my assumed Fierceness, but died like a Man.
I am Sir,
Your most humble Servan.,
Thomas Prone."
This is to let you understand, that the Play-House is a Representation
of the World in nothing so much as in this Particular, That no one
rises in it according to his Merit. I have acted several Parts of
Household-stuff with great Applause for many Years: I am one of the
Men in the Hangings in the _Emperour of the Moon_; [4] I have
twice performed the third Chair in an English Opera; and have
rehearsed the Pump in the _Fortune-Hunters_. [5] I am now grown
old, and hope you will recommend me so effectually, as that I may say
something before I go off the Stage: In which you will do a great Act
of Charity to
Your most humble servant,
William Serene."
Understanding that Mr. _Serene_ has writ to you, and desired to
be raised from dumb and still Parts; I desire, if you give him Motion
or Speech, that you would advance me in my Way, and let me keep on in
what I humbly presume I am a Master, to wit, in representing human and
still Life together. I have several times acted one of the finest
Flower-pots in the same Opera wherein Mr. _Serene_ is a Chair;
therefore, upon his promotion, request that I may succeed him in the
Hangings, with my Hand in the Orange-Trees.
Your humble servant,
Ralph Simple."
"Drury Lane, March 24, 1710-11.
I saw your Friend the Templar this Evening in the Pit, and thought he
looked very little pleased with the Representation of the mad Scene of
the _Pilgrim_. I wish, Sir, you would do us the Favour to animadvert
frequently upon the false Taste the Town is in, with Relation to Plays
as well as Operas. It certainly requires a Degree of Understanding to
play justly; but such is our Condition, that we are to suspend our
Reason to perform our Parts. As to Scenes of Madness, you know, Sir,
there are noble Instances of this Kind in _Shakespear_; but then it is
the Disturbance of a noble Mind, from generous and humane Resentments:
It is like that Grief which we have for the decease of our Friends: It
is no Diminution, but a Recommendation of humane Nature, that in such
Incidents Passion gets the better of Reason; and all we can think to
comfort ourselves, is impotent against half what we feel. I will not
mention that we had an Idiot in the Scene, and all the Sense it is
represented to have, is that of Lust. As for my self, who have long
taken Pains in personating the Passions, I have to Night acted only an
Appetite: The part I play'd is Thirst, but it is represented as
written rather by a Drayman than a Poet. I come in with a Tub about
me, that Tub hung with Quart-pots; with a full Gallon at my Mouth. [6]
I am ashamed to tell you that I pleased very much, and this was
introduced as a Madness; but sure it was not humane Madness, for a
Mule or an [ass [7]] may have been as dry as ever I was in my Life.
I am, Sir,
Your most obedient And humble servant."
"From the Savoy in the Strand.
If you can read it with dry Eyes, I give you this trouble to acquaint
you, that I am the unfortunate King _Latinus_, and believe I am the
first Prince that dated from this Palace since _John_ of _Gaunt_. Such
is the Uncertainty of all human Greatness, that I who lately never
moved without a Guard, am now pressed as a common Soldier, and am to
sail with the first fair Wind against my Brother _Lewis_ of _France_.
It is a very hard thing to put off a Character which one has appeared
in with Applause: This I experienced since the Loss of my Diadem; for,
upon quarrelling with another Recruit, I spoke my Indignation out of
my Part in _recitativo:_
... Most audacious Slave,
Dar'st thou an angry Monarch's Fury brave? [8]
The Words were no sooner out of my Mouth, when a Serjeant knock'd me
down, and ask'd me if I had a Mind to Mutiny, in talking things no
Body understood. You see, Sir, my unhappy Circumstances; and if by
your Mediation you can procure a Subsidy for a Prince (who never
failed to make all that beheld him merry at his Appearance) you will
merit the Thanks of
Your friend,
The King of _Latium_."
[Footnote 1: therefore shall]
[Footnote 2: whom]
[Footnote 3: In the opera of 'Camilla':
Camilla: That Dorindas my Name.
Linco: Well, I knowt, Ill take care.
Camilla: And my Life scarce of late--
Linco: You need not repeat.
Prenesto: Help me! oh help me!
[A wild Boar struck by Prenesto.]
Huntsman: Lets try to assist him.
Linco: Ye Gods, what Alarm!
Huntsman: Quick run to his aid.
[Enter Prenesto: The Boar pursuing him.]
Prenesto: O Heavns! who defends me?
Camilla: My Arm.
[She throws a Dart, and kills the Boar.]
Linco: Dorinda of nothing afraid,
Shes sprightly and gay, a valiant Maid,
And as bright as the Day.
Camilla: Take Courage, Hunter, the Savage is dead.
Katherine Tofts, the daughter of a person in the family of Bishop
Burnet, had great natural charms of voice, person, and manner. Playing
with Nicolini, singing English to his Italian, she was the first of our
'prime donne' in Italian Opera. Mrs. Tofts had made much money when
in 1709 she quitted the stage with disordered intellect; her voice being
then unbroken, and her beauty in the height of its bloom. Having
recovered health, she married Mr. Joseph Smith, a rich patron of arts
and collector of books and engravings, with whom she went to Venice,
when he was sent thither as English Consul. Her madness afterwards
returned, she lived, therefore, says Sir J. Hawkins,
'sequestered from the world in a remote part of the house, and had a
large garden to range in, in which she would frequently walk, singing
and giving way to that innocent frenzy which had seized her in the
earlier part of her life.'
She identified herself with the great princesses whose loves and sorrows
she had represented in her youth, and died about the year 1760.]
[Footnote 4: The 'Emperor of the Moon' is a farce, from the French,
by Mrs. Aphra Behn, first acted in London in 1687. It was originally
Italian, and had run 80 nights in Paris as 'Harlequin I'Empereur dans
le Monde de la Lune'. In Act II. sc. 3,
'The Front of the Scene is only a Curtain or Hangings to be drawn up
at Pleasure.'
Various gay masqueraders, interrupted by return of the Doctor, are
carried by Scaramouch behind the curtain. The Doctor enters in wrath,
vowing he has heard fiddles. Presently the curtain is drawn up and
discovers where Scaramouch has
'plac'd them all in the Hanging in which they make the Figures, where
they stand without Motion in Postures.'
Scaramouch professes that the noise was made by putting up this piece of
'the best in Italy for the Rareness of the Figures, sir.'
While the Doctor is admiring the new tapestry, said to have been sent
him as a gift, Harlequin, who is
'placed on a Tree in the Hangings, hits him on the 'Head with his
The place of a particular figure in the picture, with a hand on a tree,
is that supposed to be aspired to by the 'Spectator's' next
[Footnote 5: 'The Fortune Hunters, or Two Fools Well Met,' a Comedy
first produced in 1685, was the only work of James Carlile, a player who
quitted the stage to serve King William III. in the Irish Wars, and was
killed at the battle of Aghrim. The crowning joke of the second Act of
'the Fortune Hunters' is the return at night of Mr. Spruce, an Exchange
man, drunk and musical, to the garden-door of his house, when Mrs.
Spruce is just taking leave of young Wealthy. Wealthy hides behind the
pump. The drunken husband, who has been in a gutter, goes to the pump to
clean himself, and seizes a man's arm instead of a pump-handle. He works
it as a pump-handle, and complains that 'the pump's dry;' upon which
Young Wealthy empties a bottle of orange-flower water into his face.]
[Footnote 6: In the third act of Fletcher's comedy of the 'Pilgrim',
Pedro, the Pilgrim, a noble gentleman, has shown to him the interior of
a Spanish mad-house, and discovers in it his mistress Alinda, who,
disguised in a boy's dress, was found in the town the night before a
little crazed, distracted, and so sent thither. The scene here shows
various shapes of madness,
Some of pity
That it would make ye melt to see their passions,
And some as light again.
One is an English madman who cries, 'Give me some drink,'
Fill me a thousand pots and froth 'em, froth 'em!
Upon which a keeper says:
Those English are so malt-mad, there's no meddling with 'em.
When they've a fruitful year of barley there,
All the whole Island's thus.
We read in the text how they had produced on the stage of Drury Lane
that madman on the previous Saturday night; this Essay appearing on the
breakfast tables upon Monday morning.]
[Footnote 7: horse]
[Footnote 8: King Latinus to Turnus in Act II., sc. 10, of the opera of
'Camilla'. Posterity will never know in whose person 'Latinus, king of
Latium and of the Volscians,' abdicated his crown at the opera to take
the Queen of England's shilling. It is the only character to which, in
the opera book, no name of a performer is attached. It is a part of
sixty or seventy lines in tyrant's vein; but all recitative. The King of
Latium was not once called upon for a song.]
* * * * *
For the Good of the Publick.
Within two Doors of the Masquerade lives an eminent Italian Chirurgeon,
arriv'd from the Carnaval at Venice,
of great Experience in private Cures.
Accommodations are provided,
and Persons admitted in their masquing Habits.
He has cur'd since his coming thither, in less than a Fortnight,
Four Scaramouches,
a Mountebank Doctor,
Two Turkish Bassas,
Three Nuns,
and a Morris Dancer.
'Venienti occurrite morbo.'
N. B. Any Person may agree by the Great,
and be kept in Repair by the Year.
The Doctor draws Teeth without pulling off your Mask.
* * * * *
No. 23. Tuesday, March 27, 1711 [1] Addison.
Savit atrox Volscens, nec teli conspicit usquam
Auctorem nec quo se ardens immittere possit.
There is nothing that more betrays a base, ungenerous Spirit, than the
giving of secret Stabs to a Man's Reputation. Lampoons and Satyrs, that
are written with Wit and Spirit, are like poison'd Darts, which not only
inflict a Wound, but make it incurable. For this Reason I am very much
troubled when I see the Talents of Humour and Ridicule in the Possession
of an ill-natured Man. There cannot be a greater Gratification to a
barbarous and inhuman Wit, than to stir up Sorrow in the Heart of a
private Person, to raise Uneasiness among near Relations, and to expose
whole Families to Derision, at the same time that he remains unseen and
undiscovered. If, besides the Accomplishments of being Witty and
Ill-natured, a Man is vicious into the bargain, he is one of the most
mischievous Creatures that can enter into a Civil Society. His Satyr
it. Virtue, Merit, and every thing that is Praise-worthy, will be made
the Subject of Ridicule and Buffoonry. It is impossible to enumerate the
Sorrow in the Mind of the suffering Person. It must indeed be confess'd,
that a Lampoon or a Satyr do not carry in them Robbery or Murder; but at
considerable Sum of Mony, or even Life it self, than be set up as a Mark
of Infamy and Derision? And in this Case a Man should consider, that an
Injury is not to be measured by the Notions of him that gives, but of
him that receives it.
Those who can put the best Countenance upon the Outrages of this nature
which are offered them, are not without their secret Anguish. I have
often observed a Passage in _Socrates's_ Behaviour at his Death, in a
Light wherein none of the Criticks have considered it. That excellent
Man, entertaining his Friends a little before he drank the Bowl of
Poison with a Discourse on the Immortality of the Soul, at his entering
upon it says, that he does not believe any the most Comick Genius can
censure him for talking upon such a Subject at such a Time. This
passage, I think, evidently glances upon _Aristophanes_, who writ a
Comedy on purpose to ridicule the Discourses of that Divine Philosopher:
[2] It has been observed by many Writers, that _Socrates_ was so little
moved at this piece of Buffoonry, that he was several times present at
its being acted upon the Stage, and never expressed the least Resentment
of it. But, with Submission, I think the Remark I have here made shows
us, that this unworthy Treatment made an impression upon his Mind,
though he had been too wise to discover it.
When _Julius Caesar_ was Lampoon'd by _Catullus_, he invited him to a
Supper, and treated him with such a generous Civility, that he made the
Poet his friend ever after. [3] Cardinal _Mazarine_ gave the same kind
of Treatment to the learned _Quillet_, who had reflected upon his
Eminence in a famous Latin Poem. The Cardinal sent for him, and, after
some kind Expostulations upon what he had written, assured him of his
Esteem, and dismissed him with a Promise of the next good Abby that
should fall, which he accordingly conferr'd upon him in a few Months
after. This had so good an Effect upon the Author, that he dedicated the
second Edition of his Book to the Cardinal, after having expunged the
Passages which had given him offence. [4]
_Sextus Quintus_ was not of so generous and forgiving a Temper. Upon his
being made Pope, the statue of _Pasquin_ was one Night dressed in a very
dirty Shirt, with an Excuse written under it, that he was forced to wear
foul Linnen, because his Laundress was made a Princess. This was a
Reflection upon the Pope's Sister, who, before the Promotion of her
Brother, was in those mean Circumstances that _Pasquin_ represented her.
As this Pasquinade made a great noise in _Rome_, the Pope offered a
Considerable Sum of Mony to any Person that should discover the Author
of it. The Author, relying upon his Holiness's Generosity, as also on
some private Overtures which he had received from him, made the
Discovery himself; upon which the Pope gave him the Reward he had
promised, but at the same time, to disable the Satyrist for the future,
ordered his Tongue to be cut out, and both his Hands to be chopped off.
[5] _Aretine_ [6] is too trite an instance. Every
one knows that all the Kings of Europe were his tributaries. Nay, there
is a Letter of his extant, in which he makes his Boasts that he had laid
the Sophi of _Persia_ under Contribution.
Though in the various Examples which I have here drawn together, these
several great Men behaved themselves very differently towards the Wits
of the Age who had reproached them, they all of them plainly showed that
they were very sensible of their Reproaches, and consequently that they
received them as very great Injuries. For my own part, I would never
trust a Man that I thought was capable of giving these secret Wounds,
and cannot but think that he would hurt the Person, whose Reputation he
thus assaults, in his Body or in his Fortune, could he do it with the
same Security. There is indeed something very barbarous and inhuman in
the ordinary Scriblers of Lampoons. An Innocent young Lady shall be
exposed, for an unhappy Feature. A Father of a Family turn'd to
Ridicule, for some domestick Calamity. A Wife be made uneasy all her
Life, for a misinterpreted Word or Action. Nay, a good, a temperate, and
a just Man, shall be put out of Countenance, by the Representation of
those Qualities that should do him Honour. So pernicious a thing is Wit,
when it is not tempered with Virtue and Humanity.
I have indeed heard of heedless, inconsiderate Writers, that without any
Malice have sacrificed the Reputation of their Friends and Acquaintance
to a certain Levity of Temper, and a silly Ambition of distinguishing
themselves by a Spirit of Raillery and Satyr: As if it were not
infinitely more honourable to be a Good-natured Man than a Wit. Where
there is this little petulant Humour in an Author, he is often very
mischievous without designing to be so. For which Reason I always lay it
down as a Rule, that an indiscreet Man is more hurtful than an
ill-natured one; for as the former will only attack his Enemies, and
those he wishes ill to, the other injures indifferently both Friends and
Foes. I cannot forbear, on this occasion, transcribing a Fable out of
Sir _Roger l'Estrange_, [7] which accidentally lies before me.
'A company of Waggish Boys were watching of Frogs at the side of a
Pond, and still as any of 'em put up their Heads, they'd be pelting
them down again with Stones. _Children_ (says one of the Frogs), _you
never consider that though this may be Play to you, 'tis Death to us_.'
As this Week is in a manner set apart and dedicated to Serious Thoughts,
[8] I shall indulge my self in such Speculations as may not be
altogether unsuitable to the Season; and in the mean time, as the
settling in our selves a Charitable Frame of Mind is a Work very proper
for the Time, I have in this Paper endeavoured to expose that particular
Breach of Charity which has been generally over-looked by Divines,
because they are but few who can be guilty of it.
[Footnote 1: At the top of this paper in a 12mo copy of the _Spectator_,
published in 17l2, and annotated by a contemporary Spanish merchant, is
written, 'The character of Dr Swift.' This proves that the writer of the
note had an ill opinion of Dr Swift and a weak sense of the purport of
what he read. Swift, of course, understood what he read. At this time he
was fretting under the sense of a chill in friendship between himself
and Addison, but was enjoying his _Spectators_. A week before this date,
on the 16th of March, he wrote,
'Have you seen the 'Spectators' yet, a paper that comes out every
day? It is written by Mr. Steele, who seems to have gathered new life
'Tatlers', and they have all of them had something pretty. I
believe Addison and he club.'
Then he adds a complaint of the chill in their friendship. A month after
the date of this paper Swift wrote in his journal,
'The 'Spectator' is written by Steele with Addison's help; 'tis
often very pretty.'
Later in the year, in June and September, he records dinner and supper
with his friends of old time, and says of Addison,
'I yet know no man half so agreeable to me as he is.']
[Footnote 2: 'Plato's Phaedon', Sec. 40. The ridicule of Socrates in
'The Clouds' of Aristophanes includes the accusation that he
displaced Zeus and put in his place Dinos,--Rotation. When Socrates, at
the point of death, assents to the request that he should show grounds
for his faith
'that when the man is dead, the soul exists and retains thought and
power,' Plato represents him as suggesting: Not the sharpest censor
'could say that in now discussing such matters, I am dealing with what
does not concern me.']
[Footnote 3: The bitter attack upon Caesar and his parasite Mamurra was
notwithdrawn, but remains to us as No. 29 of the Poems of Catullus. The
doubtful authority for Caesar's answer to it is the statement in the Life
of Julius Caesar by Suetonius that, on the day of its appearance,
Catullus apologized and was invited to supper; Caesar abiding also by his
old familiar friendship with the poet's father. This is the attack said
to be referred to in one of Cicero's letters to Atticus (the last of Bk.
XIII.), in which he tells how Caesar was
'after the eighth hour in the bath; then he heard _De Mamurra_;
did not change countenance; was anointed; lay down; took an emetic.']
[Footnote 4: Claude Quillet published a Latin poem in four books,
entitled '_Callipaedia_, seu de pulchrae prolis habenda ratione,' at
Leyden, under the name of Calvidius Laetus, in 1655. In discussing unions
harmonious and inharmonious he digressed into an invective against
marriages of Powers, when not in accordance with certain conditions; and
complained that France entered into such unions prolific only of ill,
witness her gift of sovereign power to a Sicilian stranger.
'Trinacriis devectus ab oris advena.'
Mazarin, though born at Rome, was of Sicilian family. In the second
edition, published at Paris in 1656, dedicated to the cardinal Mazarin, the
passages complained of were omitted for the reason and with the result told
in the text; the poet getting 'une jolie Abbaye de 400 pistoles,' which he
enjoyed until his death (aged 59) in 1661.]
[Footnote 5: Pasquino is the name of a torso, perhaps of Menelaus
supporting the dead body of Patroclus, in the Piazza di Pasquino in
Rome, at the corner of the Braschi Palace. To this modern Romans affixed
their scoffs at persons or laws open to ridicule or censure. The name of
the statue is accounted for by the tradition that there was in Rome, at
the beginning of the 16th century, a cobbler or tailor named Pasquino,
whose humour for sharp satire made his stall a place of common resort
for the idle, who would jest together at the passers-by. After
Pasquino's death his stall was removed, and in digging up its floor
there was found the broken statue of a gladiator. In this, when it was
set up, the gossips who still gathered there to exercise their wit,
declared that Pasquino lived again. There was a statue opposite to it
called Marforio--perhaps because it had been brought from the Forum of
Mars--with which the statue of Pasquin used to hold witty conversation;
questions affixed to one receiving soon afterwards salted answers on the
other. It was in answer to Marforio's question, Why he wore a dirty
shirt? that Pasquin's statue gave the answer cited in the text, when, in
1585, Pope Sixtus V. had brought to Rome, and lodged there in great
state, his sister Camilla, who had been a laundress and was married to a
carpenter. The Pope's bait for catching the offender was promise of life
and a thousand doubloons if he declared himself, death on the gallows if
his name were disclosed by another.]
[Footnote 6: The satirist Pietro d'Arezzo (Aretino), the most famous
among twenty of the name, was in his youth banished from Arezzo for
satire of the Indulgence trade of Leo XI. But he throve instead of
suffering by his audacity of bitterness, and rose to honour as the
Scourge of Princes, _il Flagello de' Principi_. Under Clement VII.
he was at Rome in the Pope's service. Francis I of France gave him a
gold chain. Emperor Charles V gave him a pension of 200 scudi. He died
in 1557, aged 66, called by himself and his compatriots, though his wit
often was beastly, Aretino 'the divine.']
[Footnote 7: From the 'Fables of AEsop and other eminent Mythologists,
with 'Morals and Reflections. By Sir Roger l'Estrange.' The vol.
contains Fables of AEsop, Barlandus, Anianus, Abstemius, Poggio the
Florentine, Miscellany from a Common School Book, and a Supplement of
Fables out of several authors, in which last section is that of the Boys
and Frogs, which Addison has copied out verbatim. Sir R. l'Estrange had
died in 1704, aged 88.]
[Footnote 8: Easter Day in 1711 fell on the 1st of April.]
* * * * *
No. 24. Wednesday, March 28, 1711. Steele.
Accurrit quidam notus mihi nomine tantum;
Arreptaque manu, Quid agis dulcissime rerum?
impertinent Ambition of appearing with those to whom they are not
welcome. If you walk in the _Park_, one of them will certainly joyn with
you, though you are in Company with Ladies; if you drink a Bottle, they
will find your Haunts. What makes [such Fellows [1]] the more burdensome
is, that they neither offend nor please so far as to be taken Notice of
for either. It is, I presume, for this Reason that my Correspondents are
willing by my Means to be rid of them. The two following Letters are
writ by Persons who suffer by such Impertinence. A worthy old
Batchelour, who sets in for his Dose of Claret every Night at such an
Hour, is teized by a Swarm of them; who because they are sure of Room
and good Fire, have taken it in their Heads to keep a sort of Club in
his Company; tho' the sober Gentleman himself is an utter Enemy to such
'The Aversion I for some Years have had to Clubs in general, gave me a
perfect Relish for your Speculation on that Subject; but I have since
been extremely mortified, by the malicious World's ranking me amongst
the Supporters of such impertinent Assemblies. I beg Leave to state my
Case fairly; and that done, I shall expect Redress from your judicious
I am, Sir, a Batchelour of some standing, and a Traveller; my
Business, to consult my own Humour, which I gratify without
controuling other People's; I have a Room and a whole Bed to myself;
and I have a Dog, a Fiddle, and a Gun; they please me, and injure no
Creature alive. My chief Meal is a Supper, which I always make at a
Tavern. I am constant to an Hour, and not ill-humour'd; for which
Reasons, tho' I invite no Body, I have no sooner supp'd, than I have a
Crowd about me of that sort of good Company that know not whither else
to go. It is true every Man pays his Share, yet as they are Intruders,
I have an undoubted Right to be the only Speaker, or at least the
loudest; which I maintain, and that to the great Emolument of my
Audience. I sometimes tell them their own in pretty free Language; and
sometimes divert them with merry Tales, according as I am in Humour. I
am one of those who live in Taverns to a great Age, by a sort of
regular Intemperance; I never go to Bed drunk, but always flustered; I
wear away very gently; am apt to be peevish, but never angry. Mr.
SPECTATOR, if you have kept various Company, you know there is in
every Tavern in Town some old Humourist or other, who is Master of the
House as much as he that keeps it. The Drawers are all in Awe of him;
and all the Customers who frequent his Company, yield him a sort of
comical Obedience. I do not know but I may be such a Fellow as this my
self. But I appeal to you, whether this is to be called a Club,
because so many Impertinents will break in upon me, and come without
Appointment? 'Clinch of Barnet' [2] has a nightly Meeting, and shows
to every one that will come in and pay; but then he is the only Actor.
Why should People miscall things?
If his is allowed to be a Consort, why mayn't mine be a Lecture?
However, Sir, I submit it to you, and am,
Your most obedient, Etc.
Tho. Kimbow.'
* * *
Good Sir,
'You and I were press'd against each other last Winter in a Crowd, in
which uneasy Posture we suffer'd together for almost Half an Hour. I
thank you for all your Civilities ever since, in being of my
Acquaintance wherever you meet me. But the other Day you pulled off
your Hat to me in the _Park_, when I was walking with my Mistress: She
did not like your Air, and said she wonder'd what strange Fellows I
was acquainted with. Dear Sir, consider it is as much as my Life is
Worth, if she should think we were intimate; therefore I earnestly
intreat you for the Future to take no Manner of Notice of,
Your obliged humble Servant,
Will. Fashion.'
[A like [3]] Impertinence is also very troublesome to the superior and
more intelligent Part of the fair Sex. It is, it seems, a great
Inconvenience, that those of the meanest Capacities will pretend to make
Visits, tho' indeed they are qualify'd rather to add to the Furniture of
the House (by filling an empty Chair) than to the Conversation they come
into when they visit. A Friend of mine hopes for Redress in this Case,
by the Publication of her Letter in my Paper; which she thinks those she
would be rid of will take to themselves. It seems to be written with an
Eye to one of those pert giddy unthinking Girls, who, upon the
Recommendation only of an agreeable Person and a fashionable Air, take
themselves to be upon a Level with Women of the greatest Merit.
'I take this Way to acquaint you with what common Rules and Forms
would never permit me to tell you otherwise; to wit, that you and I,
tho' Equals in Quality and Fortune, are by no Means suitable
Companions. You are, 'tis true, very pretty, can dance, and make a
very good Figure in a publick Assembly; but alass, Madam, you must go
no further; Distance and Silence are your best Recommendations;
therefore let me beg of you never to make me any more Visits. You come
in a literal Sense to see one, for you have nothing to say. I do not
say this that I would by any Means lose your Acquaintance; but I would
keep it up with the Strictest Forms of good Breeding. Let us pay
Visits, but never see one another: If you will be so good as to deny
your self always to me, I shall return the Obligation by giving the
same Orders to my Servants. When Accident makes us meet at a third
Place, we may mutually lament the Misfortune of never finding one
another at home, go in the same Party to a Benefit-Play, and smile at
each other and put down Glasses as we pass in our Coaches. Thus we may
enjoy as much of each others Friendship as we are capable: For there
are some People who are to be known only by Sight, with which sort of
Friendship I hope you will always honour,
Your most obedient humble Servant,
Mary Tuesday.
P.S. I subscribe my self by the Name of the Day I keep, that my
supernumerary Friends may know who I am.
[Footnote 1: these People]
[Footnote 2: Clinch of Barnet, whose place of performance was at the
corner of Bartholomew Lane, behind the Royal Exchange, imitated,
according to his own advertisement,
'the Horses, the Huntsmen and a Pack of Hounds, a Sham Doctor, an old
Woman, the Bells, the Flute, the Double Curtell (or bassoon) and the
Organ,--all with his own Natural Voice, to the greatest perfection.'
The price of admission was a shilling.]
[Footnote 3: This]
* * * * *
To prevent all Mistakes that may happen
among Gentlemen of the other End of the Town,
who come but once a Week to St. _James's_ Coffee-house,
either by miscalling the Servants,
or requiring such things from them
as are not properly within their respective Provinces;
this is to give Notice,
that _Kidney,_ Keeper of the Book-Debts of the outlying Customers,
and Observer of those who go off without paying,
having resigned that Employment,
is succeeded by _John Sowton_;
to whose Place of Enterer of Messages and first Coffee-Grinder,
_William Bird_ is promoted;
and _Samuel Burdock_ comes as Shooe-Cleaner
in the Room of the said _Bird_.
* * * * *
No. 25. Thursday, March 29, 1711. Addison.
... AEgrescitque medendo.
The following Letter will explain it self, and needs no Apology.
'I am one of that sickly Tribe who are commonly known by the Name of
_Valetudinarians_, and do confess to you, that I first contracted this
ill Habit of Body, or rather of Mind, by the Study of Physick. I no
sooner began to peruse Books of this Nature, but I found my Pulse was
irregular, and scarce ever read the Account of any Disease that I did
not fancy my self afflicted with. Dr. _Sydenham's_ learned Treatise of
Fevers [1] threw me into a lingring Hectick, which hung upon me all
the while I was reading that excellent Piece. I then applied my self
to the Study of several Authors, who have written upon Phthisical
Distempers, and by that means fell into a Consumption, till at length,
growing very fat, I was in a manner shamed out of that Imagination.
Not long after this I found in my self all the Symptoms of the Gout,
except Pain, but was cured of it by a Treatise upon the Gravel,
written by a very Ingenious Author, who (as it is usual for Physicians
to convert one Distemper into another) eased me of the Gout by giving
me the Stone. I at length studied my self into a Complication of
Distempers; but accidentally taking into my Hand that Ingenious
Discourse written by _Sanctorius_, [2] I was resolved to direct my
self by a Scheme of Rules, which I had collected from his
Observations. The Learned World are very well acquainted with that
Gentleman's Invention; who, for the better carrying on of his
Experiments, contrived a certain Mathematical Chair, which was so
Artifically hung upon Springs, that it would weigh any thing as well
as a Pair of Scales. By this means he discovered how many Ounces of
his Food pass'd by Perspiration, what quantity of it was turned into
Nourishment, and how much went away by the other Channels and
Distributions of Nature.
Having provided myself with this Chair, I used to Study, Eat, Drink,
and Sleep in it; insomuch that I may be said, for these three last
Years, to have lived in a Pair of Scales. I compute my self, when I am
in full Health, to be precisely Two Hundred Weight, falling short of
it about a Pound after a Day's Fast, and exceeding it as much after a
very full Meal; so that it is my continual Employment, to trim the
Ballance between these two Volatile Pounds in my Constitution. In my
ordinary Meals I fetch my self up to two Hundred Weight and [a half
pound [3]]; and if after having dined I find my self fall short of it,
I drink just so much Small Beer, or eat such a quantity of Bread, as
is sufficient to make me weight. In my greatest Excesses I do not
transgress more than the other half Pound; which, for my Healths sake,
I do the first _Monday_ in every Month. As soon as I find my self duly
poised after Dinner, I walk till I have perspired five Ounces and four
Scruples; and when I discover, by my Chair, that I am so far reduced,
I fall to my Books, and Study away three Ounces more. As for the
remaining Parts of the Pound, I keep no account of them. I do not dine
and sup by the Clock, but by my Chair, for when that informs me my
Pound of Food is exhausted I conclude my self to be hungry, and lay in
another with all Diligence. In my Days of Abstinence I lose a Pound
and an half, and on solemn Fasts am two Pound lighter than on other
Days in the Year.
I allow my self, one Night with another, a Quarter of a Pound of Sleep
within a few Grains more or less; and if upon my rising I find that I
have not consumed my whole quantity, I take out the rest in my Chair.
Upon an exact Calculation of what I expended and received the last
Year, which I always register in a Book, I find the Medium to be two
hundred weight, so that I cannot discover that I am impaired one Ounce
in my Health during a whole Twelvemonth. And yet, Sir, notwithstanding
this my great care to ballast my self equally every Day, and to keep
my Body in its proper Poise, so it is that I find my self in a sick
and languishing Condition. My Complexion is grown very sallow, my
Pulse low, and my Body Hydropical. Let me therefore beg you, Sir, to
consider me as your Patient, and to give me more certain Rules to walk
by than those I have already observed, and you will very much oblige
_Your Humble Servant_.'
This Letter puts me in mind of an _Italian_ Epitaph written on the
Monument of a Valetudinarian; 'Stavo ben, ma per star Meglio, sto
qui': Which it is impossible to translate. [4] The Fear of Death often
proves mortal, and sets People on Methods to save their Lives, which
infallibly destroy them. This is a Reflection made by some Historians,
upon observing that there are many more thousands killed in a Flight
than in a Battel, and may be applied to those Multitudes of Imaginary
Sick Persons that break their Constitutions by Physick, and throw
themselves into the Arms of Death, by endeavouring to escape it. This
Method is not only dangerous, but below the Practice of a Reasonable
Creature. To consult the Preservation of Life, as the only End of it, To
make our Health our Business, To engage in no Action that is not part of
a Regimen, or course of Physick, are Purposes so abject, so mean, so
unworthy human Nature, that a generous Soul would rather die than submit
to them. Besides that a continual Anxiety for Life vitiates all the
Relishes of it, and casts a Gloom over the whole Face of Nature; as it
is impossible we should take Delight in any thing that we are every
Moment afraid of losing.
I do not mean, by what I have here said, that I think any one to blame
for taking due Care of their Health. On the contrary, as Cheerfulness of
Mind, and Capacity for Business, are in a great measure the Effects of a
well-tempered Constitution, a Man cannot be at too much Pains to
cultivate and preserve it. But this Care, which we are prompted to, not
only by common Sense, but by Duty and Instinct, should never engage us
in groundless Fears, melancholly Apprehensions and imaginary Distempers,
which are natural to every Man who is more anxious to live than how to
live. In short, the Preservation of Life should be only a secondary
Concern, and the Direction of it our Principal. If we have this Frame of
Mind, we shall take the best Means to preserve Life, without being
over-sollicitous about the Event; and shall arrive at that Point of
Felicity which _Martial_ has mentioned as the Perfection of Happiness,
of neither fearing nor wishing for Death.
In answer to the Gentleman, who tempers his Health by Ounces and by
Scruples, and instead of complying with those natural Sollicitations of
Hunger and Thirst, Drowsiness or Love of Exercise, governs himself by
the Prescriptions of his Chair, I shall tell him a short Fable.
_Jupiter_, says the Mythologist, to reward the Piety of a certain
Country-man, promised to give him whatever he would ask. The Country-man
desired that he might have the Management of the Weather in his own
Estate: He obtained his Request, and immediately distributed Rain, Snow,
and Sunshine, among his several Fields, as he thought the Nature of the
Soil required. At the end of the Year, when he expected to see a more
than ordinary Crop, his Harvest fell infinitely short of that of his
Neighbours: Upon which (says the fable) he desired _Jupiter_ to take the
Weather again into his own Hands, or that otherwise he should utterly
ruin himself.
[Footnote 1: Dr. Thomas Sydenham died in 1689, aged 65. He was the
friend of Boyle and Locke, and has sometimes been called the English
Hippocrates; though brethren of an older school endeavoured, but in
vain, to banish him as a heretic out of the College of Physicians. His
'Methodus Curandi Febres' was first published in 1666.]
[Footnote 2: Sanctorius, a Professor of Medicine at Padua, who died in
1636, aged 75, was the first to discover the insensible perspiration,
and he discriminated the amount of loss by it in experiments upon
himself by means of his Statical Chair. His observations were published
at Venice in 1614, in his 'Ars de Static Medicind', and led to the
increased use of Sudorifics. A translation of Sanctorius by Dr. John
Quincy appeared in 1712, the year after the publication of this essay.
The 'Art of Static Medicine' was also translated into French by M. Le
Breton, in 1722. Dr. John Quincy became well known as the author of a
'Complete Dispensatory' (1719, &c.).]
[Footnote 3: an half]
[Footnote 4: The old English reading is:
'I was well; I would be better; and here I am.']
* * * * *
No. 26. Friday, March 30, 1711. Addison.
'Pallida mors aquo pulsat pede pauperum tabernas
Regumque turres, O beate Sexti,
Vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat inchoare longam.
Jam te premet nox, fabulaeque manes,
Et domus exilis Plutonia.'
_Westminster_ Abbey; where the Gloominess of the Place, and the Use to
kind of Melancholy, or rather Thoughtfulness, that is not disagreeable.
I Yesterday pass'd a whole Afternoon in the Church-yard, the Cloysters,
and the Church, amusing myself with the Tomb-stones and Inscriptions
that I met with in those several Regions of the Dead. Most of them
recorded nothing else of the buried Person, but that he was born upon
one Day and died upon another: The whole History of his Life, being
comprehended in those two Circumstances, that are common to all Mankind.
I could not but look upon these Registers of Existence, whether of Brass
or Marble, as a kind of Satyr upon the departed Persons; who had left no
other Memorial of them, but that they were born and that they died. They
put me in mind of several Persons mentioned in the Battles of Heroic
Poems, who have sounding Names given them, for no other Reason but that
the Head.
[Greek: Glaukon te, Medonta te, Thersilochon te]--Hom.
_Glaucumque, Medontaque, Thersilochumque_.--Virg.
The Life of these Men is finely described in Holy Writ by _the Path of
an Arrow_ which is immediately closed up and lost. Upon my going into
the Church, I entertain'd my self with the digging of a Grave; and saw
in every Shovel-full of it that was thrown up, the Fragment of a Bone or
Skull intermixt with a kind of fresh mouldering Earth that some time or
other had a Place in the Composition of an humane Body. Upon this, I
began to consider with my self, what innumerable Multitudes of People
lay confus'd together under the Pavement of that ancient Cathedral; how
Men and Women, Friends and Enemies, Priests and Soldiers, Monks and
Prebendaries, were crumbled amongst one another, and blended together in
the same common Mass; how Beauty, Strength, and Youth, with Old-age,
Weakness, and Deformity, lay undistinguish'd in the same promiscuous
Heap of Matter.
After having thus surveyed this great Magazine of Mortality, as it were
in the Lump, I examined it more particularly by the Accounts which I
found on several of the Monuments [which [1]] are raised in every
Quarter of that ancient Fabrick. Some of them were covered with such
extravagant Epitaphs, that, if it were possible for the dead Person to
be acquainted with them, he would blush at the Praises which his Friends
[have [2]] bestowed upon him. There are others so excessively modest,
that they deliver the Character of the Person departed in Greek or
Hebrew, and by that Means are not understood once in a Twelve-month. In
the poetical Quarter, I found there were Poets [who [3]] had no
Monuments, and Monuments [which [4]] had no Poets. I observed indeed
that the present War [5] had filled the Church with many of these
uninhabited Monuments, which had been erected to the Memory of Persons
whose Bodies were perhaps buried in the Plains of _Blenheim_, or in
the Bosom of the Ocean.
I could not but be very much delighted with several modern Epitaphs,
which are written with great Elegance of Expression and Justness of
Thought, and therefore do Honour to the Living as well as to the Dead.
As a Foreigner is very apt to conceive an Idea of the Ignorance or
Politeness of a Nation from the Turn of their publick Monuments and
Inscriptions, they should be submitted to the Perusal of Men of Learning
and Genius before they are put in Execution. Sir _Cloudesly
Shovel's_ Monument has very often given me great Offence: Instead of
the brave rough English Admiral, which was the distinguishing Character
of that plain gallant Man, [6] he is represented on his Tomb by the
Figure of a Beau, dress'd in a long Perriwig, and reposing himself upon
Velvet Cushions under a Canopy of State, The Inscription is answerable
to the Monument; for, instead of celebrating the many remarkable Actions
he had performed in the service of his Country, it acquaints us only
with the Manner of his Death, in which it was impossible for him to reap
any Honour. The _Dutch_, whom we are apt to despise for want of
Genius, shew an infinitely greater Taste of Antiquity and Politeness in
their Buildings and Works of this Nature, than what we meet with in
those of our own Country. The Monuments of their Admirals, which have
been erected at the publick Expence, represent them like themselves; and
are adorned with rostral Crowns and naval Ornaments, with beautiful
Festoons of [Seaweed], Shells, and Coral.
But to return to our Subject. I have left the Repository of our English
Kings for the Contemplation of another Day, when I shall find my Mind
disposed for so serious an Amusement. I know that Entertainments of this
Nature, are apt to raise dark and dismal Thoughts in timorous Minds and
gloomy Imaginations; but for my own Part, though I am always serious, I
do not know what it is to be melancholy; and can, therefore, take a View
of Nature in her deep and solemn Scenes, with the same Pleasure as in
her most gay and delightful ones. By this Means I can improve my self
with those Objects, which others consider with Terror. When I look upon
the Tombs of the Great, every Emotion of Envy dies in me; when I read
the Epitaphs of the Beautiful, every inordinate Desire goes out; when I
meet with the Grief of Parents upon a Tombstone, my Heart melts with
Compassion; when I see the Tomb of the Parents themselves, I consider
the Vanity of grieving for those whom we must quickly follow: When I see
Kings lying by those who deposed them, when I consider rival Wits placed
Side by Side, or the holy Men that divided the World with their Contests
and Disputes, I reflect with Sorrow and Astonishment on the little
Competitions, Factions and Debates of Mankind. When I read the several
Dates of the Tombs, of some that dy'd Yesterday, and some six hundred
Years ago, I consider that great Day when we shall all of us be
Contemporaries, and make our Appearance together.
[Footnote 1: that]
[Footnote 2: had]
[Footnote 3: that]
[Footnote 4: that]
[Footnote 5: At the close of the reign of William III. the exiled James
II died, and France proclaimed his son as King of England. William III
thus was enabled to take England with him into the European War of the
Spanish Succession. The accession of Queen Anne did not check the
movement, and, on the 4th of May, 1702, war was declared against France
and Spain by England, the Empire, and Holland. The war then begun had
lasted throughout the Queen's reign, and continued, after the writing of
the _Spectator_ Essays, until the signing of the Peace of Utrecht
on the 11th of April, 1713, which was not a year and a half before the
Queen's death, on the 1st of August, 1714. In this war Marlborough had
among his victories, Blenheim, 1704, Ramilies, 1706, Oudenarde, 1708,
Malplaquet, 1709. At sea Sir George Rooke had defeated the French fleet
off Vigo, in October, 1702, and in a bloody battle off Malaga, in
August, 1704, after his capture of Gibraltar.]
[Footnote 6: Sir Cloudesly Shovel, a brave man of humble birth, who,
from a cabin boy, became, through merit, an admiral, died by the wreck
of his fleet on the Scilly Islands as he was returning from an
unsuccessful attack on Toulon. His body was cast on the shore, robbed of
a ring by some fishermen, and buried in the sand. The ring discovering
his quality, he was disinterred, and brought home for burial in
Westminster Abbey.]
* * * * *
No. 27. Saturday, March 31, 1711. Steele.
'Ut nox longa, quibus Mentitur arnica, diesque
Longa videtur opus debentibus, ut piger Annus
Pupillis, quos dura premit Custodia matrum,
Sic mihi Tarda fluunt ingrataque Tempora, quae spem
Consiliumque morantur agendi Gnaviter, id quod
AEque pauperibus prodest, Locupletibus aque,
AEque neglectum pueris senibusque nocebit.'
and Riches which they propose to themselves, cannot give Satisfaction
frequently) how inconsistent are they with themselves? They are wearied
to go to Sleep.
them, while we are in the midst of them.
It is certainly the general Intention of the greater Part of Mankind to
accomplish this Work, and live according to their own Approbation, as
soon as they possibly can: But since the Duration of Life is so
incertain, and that has been a common Topick of Discourse ever since
there was such a thing as Life it self, how is it possible that we
should defer a Moment the beginning to Live according to the Rules of
and difference of Circumstances; the same Passions will attend us
Satisfaction in the deepest Retirement, unless we are capable of living
I have ever thought Men were better known, by what could be observed of
them from a Perusal of their private Letters, than any other way. My
Friend, the Clergyman, [1] the other Day, upon serious Discourse with
him concerning the Danger of Procrastination, gave me the following
Letters from Persons with whom he lives in great Friendship and
Intimacy, according to the good Breeding and good Sense of his
Character. The first is from a Man of Business, who is his Convert; The
second from one of whom he conceives good Hopes; The third from one who
is in no State at all, but carried one way and another by starts.
'I know not with what Words to express to you the Sense I have of the
high Obligation you have laid upon me, in the Penance you enjoined me
of doing some Good or other, to a Person of Worth, every Day I live.
The Station I am in furnishes me with daily Opportunities of this
kind: and the Noble Principle with which you have inspired me, of
Benevolence to all I have to deal with, quickens my Application in
every thing I undertake. When I relieve Merit from Discountenance,
when I assist a Friendless Person, when I produce conceal'd Worth, I
am displeas'd with my self, for having design'd to leave the World in
order to be Virtuous. I am sorry you decline the Occasions which the
Condition I am in might afford me of enlarging your Fortunes; but know
I contribute more to your Satisfaction, when I acknowledge I am the
better Man, from the Influence and Authority you have over,
Your most Oblig'd and Most Humble, Servant,
R. O.'
* * *
'I am intirely convinced of the Truth of what you were pleas'd to say
to me, when I was last with you alone. You told me then of the silly
way I was in; but you told me so, as I saw you loved me, otherwise I
could not obey your Commands in letting you know my Thoughts so
sincerely as I do at present. I know _the Creature for whom I resign
so much of my Character_ is all that you said of her; but then the
Trifler has something in her so undesigning and harmless, that her
Guilt in one kind disappears by the Comparison of her Innocence in
another. Will you, Virtuous Men, allow no alteration of Offences? Must
Dear [Chloe [2]] be called by the hard Name you pious People give to
common Women? I keep the solemn Promise I made you, in writing to you
the State of my Mind, after your kind Admonition; and will endeavour
to get the better of this Fondness, which makes me so much her humble
Servant, that I am almost asham'd to Subscribe my self
T. D.'
* * *
'There is no State of Life so Anxious as that of a Man who does not
live according to the Dictates of his own Reason. It will seem odd to
you, when I assure you that my Love of Retirement first of all brought
me to Court; but this will be no Riddle, when I acquaint you that I
placed my self here with a Design of getting so much Mony as might
enable me to Purchase a handsome Retreat in the Country. At present my
Circumstances enable me, and my Duty prompts me, to pass away the
remaining Part of my Life in such a Retirement as I at first proposed
to my self; but to my great Misfortune I have intirely lost the Relish
of it, and shou'd now return to the Country with greater Reluctance
than I at first came to Court. I am so unhappy, as to know that what I
am fond of are Trifles, and that what I neglect is of the greatest
Importance: In short, I find a Contest in my own Mind between Reason
and Fashion. I remember you once told me, that I might live in the
World, and out of it, at the same time. Let me beg of you to explain
this Paradox more at large to me, that I may conform my Life, if
possible, both to my Duty and my Inclination.
I am,
Your most humble Servant,
[Footnote 1: See the close of No. 2.]
[Footnote 2: blank left]
* * * * *
No. 28. Monday, April 2, 1711. Addison.
'... Neque semper arcum
Tendit Apollo.'
I shall here present my Reader with a Letter from a Projector,
concerning a new Office which he thinks may very much contribute to the
Embellishment of the City, and to the driving Barbarity out of our
Streets. [I consider it as a Satyr upon Projectors in general, and a
lively Picture of the whole Art of Modern Criticism. [1]]
'Observing that you have Thoughts of creating certain Officers under
you for the Inspection of several petty Enormities which you your self
cannot attend to; and finding daily Absurdities hung out upon the
Sign-Posts of this City, [2] to the great Scandal of Foreigners, as
well as those of our own Country, who are curious Spectators of the
same: I do humbly propose, that you would be pleased to make me your
Superintendant of all such Figures and Devices, as are or shall be
made use of on this Occasion; with full Powers to rectify or expunge
whatever I shall find irregular or defective. For want of such an
Officer, there is nothing like sound Literature and good Sense to be
met with in those Objects, that are everywhere thrusting themselves
out to the Eye, and endeavouring to become visible. Our streets are
filled with blue Boars, black Swans, and red Lions; not to mention
flying Pigs, and Hogs in Armour, with many other Creatures more
extraordinary than any in the desarts of _Africk._ Strange! that one
who has all the Birds and Beasts in Nature to chuse out of, should
live at the Sign of an _Ens Rationis!_
My first Task, therefore, should be, like that of _Hercules_, to clear
the City from Monsters. In the second Place, I would forbid, that
Creatures of jarring and incongruous Natures should be joined together
in the same Sign; such as the Bell and the Neats-tongue, the Dog and
Gridiron. The Fox and Goose may be supposed to have met, but what has
the Fox and the Seven Stars to do together? and when did the Lamb [3]
and Dolphin ever meet, except upon a Sign-Post? As for the Cat and
Fiddle, there is a Conceit in it, and therefore, I do not intend that
anything I have here said should affect it. I must however observe to
you upon this Subject, that it is usual for a young Tradesman, at his
first setting up, to add to his own Sign that of the Master whom he
serv'd; as the Husband, after Marriage, gives a Place to his
Mistress's Arms in his own Coat. This I take to have given Rise to
many of those Absurdities which are committed over our Heads, and, as
I am inform'd, first occasioned the three Nuns and a Hare, which we
see so frequently joined together. I would, therefore, establish
certain Rules, for the determining how far one Tradesman may _give_
the Sign of another, and in what Cases he may be allowed to quarter it
with his own.
In the third place, I would enjoin every Shop to make use of a Sign
which bears some Affinity to the Wares in which it deals. What can be
more inconsistent, than to see a Bawd at the Sign of the Angel, or a
Taylor at the Lion? A Cook should not live at the Boot, nor a
Shoemaker at the roasted Pig; and yet, for want of this Regulation, I
have seen a Goat set up before the Door of a Perfumer, and the French
King's Head at a Sword-Cutler's.
An ingenious Foreigner observes, that several of those Gentlemen who
value themselves upon their Families, and overlook such as are bred to
Trade, bear the Tools of their Fore-fathers in their Coats of Arms. I
will not examine how true this is in Fact: But though it may not be
necessary for Posterity thus to set up the Sign of their Fore-fathers;
I think it highly proper for those who actually profess the Trade, to
shew some such Marks of it before their Doors.
When the Name gives an Occasion for an ingenious Sign-post, I would
likewise advise the Owner to take that Opportunity of letting the
World know who he is. It would have been ridiculous for the ingenious
Mrs. _Salmon_ [4] to have lived at the Sign of the Trout; for which
Reason she has erected before her House the Figure of the Fish that is
her Namesake. Mr. _Bell_ has likewise distinguished himself by a
Device of the same Nature: And here, Sir, I must beg Leave to observe
to you, that this particular Figure of a Bell has given Occasion to
several Pieces of Wit in this Kind. A Man of your Reading must know,
that _Abel Drugger_ gained great Applause by it in the Time of _Ben
Johnson_ [5]. Our Apocryphal Heathen God [6] is also represented by
this Figure; which, in conjunction with the Dragon, make a very
handsome picture in several of our Streets. As for the Bell-Savage,
which is the Sign of a savage Man standing by a Bell, I was formerly
very much puzzled upon the Conceit of it, till I accidentally fell
into the reading of an old Romance translated out of the French; which
gives an Account of a very beautiful Woman who was found in a
Wilderness, and is called in the French _la_ _belle Sauvage_; and is
everywhere translated by our Countrymen the Bell-Savage. This Piece of
Philology will, I hope, convince you that I have made Sign posts my
Study, and consequently qualified my self for the Employment which I
sollicit at your Hands. But before I conclude my Letter, I must
communicate to you another Remark, which I have made upon the Subject
with which I am now entertaining you, namely, that I can give a shrewd
Guess at the Humour of the Inhabitant by the Sign that hangs before
his Door. A surly cholerick Fellow generally makes Choice of a Bear;
as Men of milder Dispositions, frequently live at the Lamb. Seeing a
Punch-Bowl painted upon a Sign near _Charing Cross_, and very
curiously garnished, with a couple of Angels hovering over it and
squeezing a Lemmon into it, I had the Curiosity to ask after the
Master of the House, and found upon Inquiry, as I had guessed by the
little _Agreemens_ upon his Sign, that he was a Frenchman. I know,
Sir, it is not requisite for me to enlarge upon these Hints to a
Gentleman of your great Abilities; so humbly recommending my self to
your Favour and Patronage,
I remain, &c.
I shall add to the foregoing Letter, another which came to me by the
same Penny-Post.
From my own Apartment near Charing-Cross.
Honoured Sir,
'Having heard that this Nation is a great Encourager of Ingenuity, I
have brought with me a Rope-dancer that was caught in one of the Woods
belonging to the Great _Mogul_. He is by Birth a Monkey; but swings
upon a Rope, takes a pipe of Tobacco, and drinks a Glass of Ale, like
any reasonable Creature. He gives great Satisfaction to the Quality;
and if they will make a Subscription for him, I will send for a
Brother of his out of _Holland_, that is a very good Tumbler, and also
for another of the same Family, whom I design for my Merry-Andrew, as
being an excellent mimick, and the greatest Drole in the Country where
he now is. I hope to have this Entertainment in a Readiness for the
next Winter; and doubt not but it will please more than the Opera or
Puppet-Show. I will not say that a Monkey is a better Man than some of
the Opera Heroes; but certainly he is a better Representative of a
Man, than the most artificial Composition of Wood and Wire. If you
will be pleased to give me a good Word in your paper, you shall be
every Night a Spectator at my Show for nothing.
I am, &c.
[Footnote 1: It is as follows.]
[Footnote 2: In the 'Spectator's' time numbering of houses was so rare
that in Hatton's 'New View of London', published in 1708, special
mention is made of the fact that
'in Prescott Street, Goodman's Fields, instead of signs the houses are
[Footnote 3: sheep]
[Footnote 4: The sign before her Waxwork Exhibition, in Fleet Street,
near Temple Bar, was 'the Golden Salmon.' She had very recently removed
to this house from her old establishment in St. Martin's le Grand.]
[Footnote 5: Ben Jonson's Alchemist having taken gold from Abel Drugger,
the Tobacco Man, for the device of a sign--'a good lucky one, a thriving
sign'--will give him nothing so commonplace as a sign copied from the
constellation he was born under, but says:
'Subtle'. He shall have 'a bel', that's 'Abel';
And by it standing one whose name is 'Dee'
In a 'rug' grown, there's 'D' and 'rug', that's 'Drug':
And right anenst him a dog snarling 'er',
There's 'Drugger', Abel Drugger. That's his sign.
And here's now mystery and hieroglyphic.
'Face'. Abel, thou art made.
'Drugger'. Sir, I do thank his worship.]
[Footnote 6: Bel, in the apocryphal addition to the Book of Daniel,
called 'the 'History of the Destruction of Bel and the Dragon.']
* * * * *
No. 29. Tuesday, April 3, 1711 Addison
... Sermo lingua concinnus utraque
Suavior: ut Chio nota si commista Falerni est.
There is nothing that [has] more startled our _English_ Audience, than
the _Italian Recitativo_ at its first Entrance upon the Stage. People
were wonderfully surprized to hear Generals singing the Word of Command,
and Ladies delivering Messages in Musick. Our Country-men could not
forbear laughing when they heard a Lover chanting out a Billet-doux, and
even the Superscription of a Letter set to a Tune. The Famous Blunder in
an old Play of _Enter a King and two Fidlers Solus_, was now no longer
an Absurdity, when it was impossible for a Hero in a Desart, or a
Princess in her Closet, to speak anything unaccompanied with Musical
But however this _Italian_ method of acting in _Recitativo_ might appear
at first hearing, I cannot but think it much more just than that which
prevailed in our _English_ Opera before this Innovation: The Transition
from an Air to Recitative Musick being more natural than the passing
from a Song to plain and ordinary Speaking, which was the common Method
in _Purcell's_ Operas.
The only Fault I find in our present Practice, is the making use of
_Italian Recitative_ with _English_ Words.
To go to the Bottom of this Matter, I must observe, that the Tone, or
(as the _French_ call it) the Accent of every Nation in their ordinary
Speech is altogether different from that of every other People, as we
may see even in the _Welsh_ and _Scotch_, [who [1]] border so near upon
us. By the Tone or Accent, I do not mean the Pronunciation of each
particular Word, but the Sound of the whole Sentence. Thus it is very
common for an _English_ Gentleman, when he hears a _French_ Tragedy, to
complain that the Actors all of them speak in a Tone; and therefore he
very wisely prefers his own Country-men, not considering that a
Foreigner complains of the same Tone in an _English_ Actor.
For this Reason, the Recitative Musick in every Language, should be as
different as the Tone or Accent of each Language; for otherwise, what
may properly express a Passion in one Language, will not do it in
another. Every one who has been long in _Italy_ knows very well, that
the Cadences in the _Recitativo_ bear a remote Affinity to the Tone of
their Voices in ordinary Conversation, or to speak more properly, are
only the Accents of their Language made more Musical and Tuneful.
Thus the Notes of Interrogation, or Admiration, in the _Italian_ Musick
(if one may so call them) which resemble their Accents in Discourse on
such Occasions, are not unlike the ordinary Tones of an _English_ Voice
when we are angry; insomuch that I have often seen our Audiences
extreamly mistaken as to what has been doing upon the Stage, and
expecting to see the Hero knock down his Messenger, when he has been
[asking [2]] him a Question, or fancying that he quarrels with his
Friend, when he only bids him Good-morrow.
For this Reason the _Italian_ Artists cannot agree with our _English_
Musicians in admiring _Purcell's_ Compositions, [3] and thinking his
Tunes so wonderfully adapted to his Words, because both Nations do not
always express the same Passions by the same Sounds.
I am therefore humbly of Opinion, that an _English_ Composer should not
follow the _Italian_ Recitative too servilely, but make use of many
gentle Deviations from it, in Compliance with his own Native Language.
He may Copy out of it all the lulling Softness and _Dying Falls_ (as
_Shakespear_ calls them), but should still remember that he ought to
accommodate himself to an _English_ Audience, and by humouring the Tone
of our Voices in ordinary Conversation, have the same Regard to the
Accent of his own Language, as those Persons had to theirs whom he
professes to imitate. It is observed, that several of the singing Birds
of our own Country learn to sweeten their Voices, and mellow the
Harshness of their natural Notes, by practising under those that come
from warmer Climates. In the same manner, I would allow the _Italian_
Opera to lend our _English_ Musick as much as may grace and soften it,
but never entirely to annihilate and destroy it. Let the Infusion be as
strong as you please, but still let the Subject Matter of it be
A Composer should fit his Musick to the Genius of the People, and
consider that the Delicacy of Hearing, and Taste of Harmony, has been
formed upon those Sounds which every Country abounds with: In short,
that Musick is of a Relative Nature, and what is Harmony to one Ear, may
be Dissonance to another.
The same Observations which I have made upon the Recitative part of
Musick may be applied to all our Songs and Airs in general.
Signior _Baptist Lully_ [4] acted like a Man of Sense in this
Particular. He found the _French_ Musick extreamly defective, and very
often barbarous: However, knowing the Genius of the People, the Humour
of their Language, and the prejudiced Ears [he [5]] had to deal with he
did not pretend to extirpate the _French_ Musick, and plant the
_Italian_ in its stead; but only to Cultivate and Civilize it with
innumerable Graces and Modulations which he borrow'd from the _Italian_.
By this means the _French_ Musick is now perfect in its kind; and when
you say it is not so good as the _Italian_, you only mean that it does
not please you so well; for there is [scarce [6]] a _Frenchman_ who
would not wonder to hear you give the _Italian_ such a Preference. The
Musick of the _French_ is indeed very properly adapted to their
Pronunciation and Accent, as their whole Opera wonderfully favours the
Genius of such a gay airy People. The Chorus in which that Opera
abounds, gives the Parterre frequent Opportunities of joining in Consort
with the Stage. This Inclination of the Audience to Sing along with the
Actors, so prevails with them, that I have sometimes known the Performer
on the Stage do no more in a Celebrated Song, than the Clerk of a Parish
Church, who serves only to raise the Psalm, and is afterwards drown'd in
the Musick of the Congregation. Every Actor that comes on the Stage is a
Beau. The Queens and Heroines are so Painted, that they appear as Ruddy
and Cherry-cheek'd as Milk-maids. The Shepherds are all Embroider'd, and
acquit themselves in a Ball better than our _English_ Dancing Masters. I
have seen a couple of Rivers appear in red Stockings; and _Alpheus_,
instead of having his Head covered with Sedge and Bull-Rushes, making
Love in a fair full-bottomed Perriwig, and a Plume of Feathers; but with
a Voice so full of Shakes and Quavers that I should have thought the
Murmurs of a Country Brook the much more agreeable Musick.
I remember the last Opera I saw in that merry Nation was the Rape of
_Proserpine_, where _Pluto_, to make the more tempting Figure, puts
himself in a _French_ Equipage, and brings _Ascalaphus_ along with him
as his _Valet de Chambre_. This is what we call Folly and Impertinence;
but what the _French_ look upon as Gay and Polite.
I shall add no more to what I have here offer'd, than that Musick,
Architecture, and Painting, as well as Poetry, and Oratory, are to
deduce their Laws and Rules from the general Sense and Taste of Mankind,
and not from the Principles of those Arts themselves; or, in other
Words, the Taste is not to conform to the Art, but the Art to the Taste.
Music is not design'd to please only Chromatick Ears, but all that are
capable ef distinguishing harsh from disagreeable Notes. A Man of an
ordinary Ear is a Judge whether a Passion is express'd in proper Sounds,
and whether the Melody of those Sounds be more or less pleasing. [7]
[Footnote 1: that]
[Footnote 2: only asking]
[Footnote 3: Henry Purcell died of consumption in 1695, aged 37.
'He was,' says Mr. Hullah, in his Lectures on the History of Modern
Music, 'the first Englishman to demonstrate the possibility of a
national opera. No Englishman of the last century succeeded in
following Purcell's lead into this domain of art; none, indeed, would
seem to have understood in what his excellence consisted, or how his
success was attained. His dramatic music exhibits the same qualities
which had already made the success of Lulli. ... For some years after
Purcell's death his compositions, of whatever kind, were the chief, if
not the only, music heard in England. His reign might have lasted
longer, but for the advent of a musician who, though not perhaps more
highly gifted, had enjoyed immeasurably greater opportunities of
cultivating his gifts,'
Handel, who had also the advantage of being born thirty years later.]
[Footnote 4: John Baptist Lulli, a Florentine, died in 1687, aged 53. In
his youth he was an under-scullion in the kitchen of Madame de
Montpensier, niece to Louis XIV. The discovery of his musical genius led
to his becoming the King's Superintendent of Music, and one of the most
influential composers that has ever lived. He composed the occasional
music for Moliere's comedies, besides about twenty lyric tragedies;
which succeeded beyond all others in France, not only because of his
dramatic genius, which enabled him to give to the persons of these
operas a musical language fitted to their characters and expressive of
the situations in which they were placed; but also, says Mr. Hullah,
'Lulli being the first modern composer who caught the French ear, was
the means, to a great extent, of forming the modern French taste.'
His operas kept the stage for more than a century.]
[Footnote 5: that he]
[Footnote 6: not]
* * * * *
'Si, Mimnermus uti censet, sine amore Focisque
Nil est Jucundum; vivas in amore Jocisque.'
One common Calamity makes Men extremely affect each other, tho' they
general Concern among Men; and I am glad to hear by my last Advices from
_Oxford_, that there are a Set of Sighers in that University, who have
erected themselves into a Society in honour of that tender Passion.
These Gentlemen are of that Sort of Inamoratos, who are not so very much
lost to common Sense, but that they understand the Folly they are guilty
of; and for that Reason separate themselves from all other Company,
because they will enjoy the Pleasure of talking incoherently, without
being ridiculous to any but each other. When a Man comes into the Club,
he is not obliged to make any Introduction to his Discourse, but at
Book of the day:
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User avatar #33 - captalexander (01/23/2013) [-]
Im having trouble downloading this game... :C
User avatar #45 to #33 - gunboyx (01/23/2013) [-]
Try downloading UTOrrent First then try again.
User avatar #53 to #45 - captalexander (01/24/2013) [-]
Never mind, its seeding to my CP just taking a while.
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From the April 01, 2008 issue of Futures Magazine • Subscribe!
From chaos to trends in forex
Determined Chaos is a non-linear method of analysis that has achieved a greater following in recent years. However, not only does this sophisticated and complex area of study require significant background to be applicable to the markets, it’s also plagued by another deficiency that affects many other nonlinear techniques. In its raw form, it’s only reliable for making extremely short-term forecasts.
One way to solve this problem is to apply additional analysis methods that have a wider field of view, amplifying the original signal, in a sense, to stretch it out over a more realistic term. However, this only makes the entire trading approach even more complex and time consuming.
A better solution begins with the theory of Determined Chaos itself. By taking a fresh look at the basics of this methodology, we can break it down to its essentials, keeping the model straightforward and making it more useful in the real world. Be forewarned, this is an advanced technique that assumes some background of chaos theory application that space precludes detailing here. That said, sufficient overview will allow the casual reader to follow along, while experienced analysts will find everything they need to use these methods, with sources cited for additional information. This process will be demonstrated by developing a system that exploits trends in the cash forex market.
Among system traders, there is endless debate on the number and type of parameters that are best used to describe the market. Most trading systems are built using one parameter, the price. However, price-based models are notoriously unstable. Even if they return the expected results over the long term, no indicator based solely on price can explain or predict market movements with significant regularity.
Another approach is to try to model the supply and demand forces that act on price. On one level, this line of attack has its own problems, not the least of which is the efficacy of the supply and demand data streams themselves. However, we can eliminate many of those issues by looking at market data that reflect supply and demand dynamics without delving into the fundamentals: volume and open interest.
Market order flow can be accurately tracked by analyzing volume and open interest in conjunction with the market price. While price is an important aspect of this approach, it is more a product of how supply and demand interact rather than determining the direction future price follows.
For background on volume and open interest, see Kenneth Shaleen’s “Volume and Open Interest,” or Donald Cassidy’s “Trading on Volume: The Key to Identifying and Profiting from Stock Price Reversals.” By using open interest, though, it creates a problem when focusing on forex. Because cash forex is traded OTC and not through an exchange, as stocks and futures, open interest is not available. However, futures are derivatives of the cash market. Due to the obvious correlation between the cash markets and futures, we can use the open interest from the futures as a proxy.
The Trend Determining method takes into account different aspects of volume, open interest and price to produce trades with a high winning percentage. The first part of the Trend Determining method is based on the system of equations describing the market shown in “All in the family”.
For those who aren’t familiar with the analytical process of Determined Chaos, these equations bear some explanation. The system has five points of equilibrium. These are part and parcel of its strange attractor. In Chaos Theory, a strange attractor is a region to which a dynamic system is drawn after a long enough period of time.
In terms of system parameters, the strange attractor can be described as a set of trajectories. The modifier “strange” emphasizes singularity of attractor properties that describe its chaotic behavior. Such chaotic processes can be described by three or more parameters. Therefore, it is important to have at least three types of information produced by the markets, satisfied here by price, volume and open interest.
Although there are five points of equilibrium, one of them, E(Ce(t),Ve(t),Ie(t)), stands out as the most important for forecasts. In short, when the point defined by these equations transforms into a new region, it represents a significant evolution in the behavior of the entire system.
In terms of the price, this transformation signifies continuation or transformation in the direction of a trend, what we’re trying to predict for the forex market. This trend shift is described by the parameter Ce(t), which can be found by solving the given system of equations, holding values of the family of functions constant during each day.
By using the behavior of the function f(t) = k(t)(C(t) - Ce(t)), we can make the decision about the initiation or sustainability of a position. When its value gets to the buy (0.6, 1) or sell (-0.6,-1) area, we act on the opening of the next day. (The open and close are defined by the times for the futures market day sessions.) Note that this system uses function k(t) to normalize function f(t) for volatility. This isn’t necessary. A simple constant can be used for k(t) instead. Normalizing for volatility, though, does create a more dynamic model that delivers more stable results over time.
This is only the first part of the Trend Determining method, though. We need to use other methods to confirm or maintain the open position. This is done with digital filtration. First, the system filters a stream of prices, taking away all cycles of less than 10 and more than 40 days in length. It creates an oscillator, derived from the stream of prices, main trend and high-frequency noise. The universal interval from 10 to 40 days was found by researching spectrums of price streams of several currency pairs using Burg’s algorithm.
The digital filter is based on Park McAllen’s algorithm and is built by using MtxVec library programs. The digital filter is a band pass filter with the following parameters, some of which were indicated earlier: pass band cutoff frequency P(1) = 10; stock band frequency D(1) = 8; pass band cutoff frequency P(2) = 40; stop band frequency D(2) = 44; stop band attenuation A(1) = A(2) = -40dB; pass band ripple R = 0.08. The result of the digital filter is to generate the active market cycle. Next, we calculate lines of a root-mean-square deviation from its 25-day moving average. By using the extremes of active cycle in intervals from one to two standard deviations on each side, we can determine when we exit a position. When the active cycle has reached its extreme on the closing of a current day, we close our position on the opening of next day.
The stop loss is derived from the last 10 days of volatility and is seldom triggered. Its main task is to protect the account from an uncharacteristically large market movement; usually in those cases the system does not have enough time for reaction on its own.
Originally, the TD method was designed and backtested for the euro, with 2001-05 used as in-sample data. Then the method was applied to the pairs, using 2006-07 as the out-of-sample data, with one year of lookback. To demonstrate how this system works, we can look at spot trading in the GBP/JPY, from Nov. 6, 2007, through Jan. 9, 2008. All trades were made on the opening. The market data, along with the Determined Chaos function and active cycle indicator, are shown in “Point of chaos”
“Rising equity” shows a one-year period of backtesting performed on this currency pair, from Dec. 27, 2006, through Jan. 1, 2008. During this period, the system executed 22 trades, 17 of which were profitable with a return of 100.7%. Backtesting in base pairs during 2007 is shown in “Across the board”.
The Trend Determining system generates a high percentage of winning trades. Because of this, the risk of a significant drawdown is reduced and more stable profit expectations can be maintained. We can relax the restrictions of money management strategy and allocate a larger portion of initial trading capital to each trade while remaining at an acceptable level of risk.
Aleksey Yudin has been researching nonlinear methods as applied to markets since 2005. He can be reached at
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/87666
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Welcome to Gaia! :: View User's Journal | Gaia Journals
View User's Journal
Ambypanda's crazy past
I'm using this as a place to write about my past experiences. I've been through quite a bit thanks to my traitor heart :p
I should have probably posted this first, but at the time it was easier to post something that I'd already written. I've mentioned before to quite a few people that I am an open book about my life; I've gone through therapy and learned that suppressing my thoughts and feelings only makes things worse for me. So, this is for anyone on here that really wants to get to know me.
I've had confidence issues my whole life. I have a younger sister named Alexis. When she was born my grandma moved in with us to babysit so my parents could save on childcare. My sister was always her favorite. smilies/icon_sad.gif I'd spent most of my life trying to gain the approval of a woman that thought everything I did was to annoy her. To this day she still lives with us, and a lot of my psychological damage comes from her. Whether I explain it in this post or anything one, I'm not sure. But there are a lot of reasons I don't get along with my grandma, no matter how much I love her and wish she loved me.
I have three children now. The oldest, Rebecca, is 5. Kelcy, the middle child, is 3. And Matthew, my youngest, just turned 1. In between Kelcy and Matthew I had a miscarriage. I became pregnant while I had an IUD, so they took it out. But a few weeks later I still lost the baby. Because of my children, my lucky number is 4. Rebecca was born February 4th. Kelcy: July 4th. Matthew, who was due on May 31st, was induced early because I ended up with pregnancy induced high blood pressure. His birthday is May 4th. And the baby I miscarried? Was due December 4th. 4 pregnancies, 3 while I was on birth control....the universe was telling me I was done having children, so I got my tubes tied. I should also mention that Rebecca and Kelcy both played soccer, and the jersey's they were given were both the number 4. At random. No lie.
I wanted to drop out of high school when I was 16. Well, I wanted to drop out sooner than that, but I didn't try to until I was 16. But, since I didn't want to disappoint my mom, I looked into alternatives. I transferred to a program called the Middle College High School. At the time it was for students that were able to keep good grades, but didn't do well in the social environment of a regular high school. Me? I couldn't stay out of everyone's drama, even though I kept to myself all the time. Because I was socially awkward I was deemed stuck up, and people liked to challenge me. I hated waking up in the mornings, and some nights I wondered if I should just do something about it so I wouldn't wake up at all.
The Middle College was an answer to all of my prayers. It was located on the local community college campus, and there were only about 30 students. Everyone was laid back, and just like me! I found it very easy to get along with everyone, and it helped that classes ran from 11 to 5 instead of starting before the sun came up. I dominated in academics. I got awards for the highest grade in biology and algebra the first semester, and I started tutoring other students in math. I worked on the yearbook committee, and I met a guy named Chris Hawks that became one of my first friends from that school. Even later we hung out for a few months, but I haven't heard from him in years.
I started taking college classes for free, and received high school credits along with college credits for completing them. My second year there I met a guy named Mark. We dated, broke up. That's a completely different journal entry.
I graduated. At this time I was dating Ricky, the father of Rebecca. I loved him so much, but I didn't like the things he did to me, and I couldn't stop him cheating. I've never dated a guy that hadn't cheated on me. Even Paul, the father of my other two children, left me in the very beginning of our relationship because his ex told him she wanted him back. He was miserable with her, though, and I took him back.
I take that back, I dated a wonderful guy named Daniel, who took care of my like nobody else did. I should have married that guy, but I fell out of love with him, and that is also another journal entry on its own.
Right now I have a best friend named Jonathan. Johnny is absolutely amazing, but the next journal entry I write will have to be about him, because how we became friends is a long story. All you need to know about him right now is I love him, and he's the best thing since sliced bread! Yep...I just used that.
Well, I'm going to bed for now, thanks to anyone who actually reads these smilies/icon_razz.gif
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/87675
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Mark "TheFreshMaker" Surfas
GameSpy Founder
Back around 1996, we watched a revolution in PC gaming. Online took off in a big way: Multiplayer action games like Quake led the charge, followed by massively multiplayer games like Ultima Online. Instead of being a mostly solitary thing, suddenly games were interactive. They were about PEOPLE. And shooting them. In my case, laughing at them afterwards.
It's eight years later and you can see the ramifications online had on PC gaming. According to NPD, five of the top 10 PC games sold in 2003 contain major multiplayer gameplay. Four of the remaining games are part of The Sims franchise, which reaps huge benefits from online interaction (the online archives of new furniture, clothes, and wallpaper to download are enormous). Even SimCity 4, the most single-player game of the bunch, offers tons of downloadable content, most of which is created by other players and shared online. You can't escape online: It's impacted PC gaming completely.
For a couple of years I've been dying to see this kind of thing happen in the console space. Many of the issues I talked about two years ago have been solved. (My house, like others around the country, is now wireless with access to the 'net in every nook and cranny. Even my dog can go online without leaving his cushion.) Back in 2002 I predicted that it would be the year that broadband consoles go mainstream, but it's taking a little longer than I thought. Still, 2003 was a huge year, the year it really came together.
You had a one-two punch from the industry's two biggest players. Microsoft led the way -- its Xbox Live service already has 750,000 subscribers, not including all the two-month free-trials they generated over the holidays. Its aggression forced Sony's hand, so it's been hyping up the Network Adaptor. We're already seeing results: Two of the top ten best-selling console games are online-enabled (Madden and Tony Hawk Underground for the PS2. In Underground you can even upload your own face!) Online play, community, and content downloads are already a big selling feature for us early adopters. Numbers are up: IDC reports that the active online audience grew 133% to 1.6 million online-enabled systems. That's a pretty solid foundation. I think 2003 has proven that online gaming will work outside of PC gaming.
So the next time someone destroys you in your favorite console game, it may be me laughing at you on the other end of the line.
Merger Update: GameSpy and IGN Get Their Freak On
A couple of months ago I got to make some waves by announcing that GameSpy and IGN were going to merge. Here's how things are going:
No, the merger isn't final yet. Getting two big companies together is like getting two even teams together in a game of Counter-Strike: It takes a while, and the whole time everyone jumps up and down swinging knives.
Mocking, that's what we do best.
The two websites -- and -- aren't going to merge together into one site. Both have different audiences, and both got to be as big as they are by being distinct. We're keeping two separate editorial teams who will continue to do what they do best: Mock the Industry. That, and tell you about New games and stuff.
Your subscriptions to our products aren't going to change any. You bought it, you get to keep it! In fact, new services will shortly be available -- we'll let you know.
ALL of GameSpy's services are improving. We've got a new download manager we just put up on FilePlanet, so you can resume downloads where you left off. We've got a sweet update to GameSpy Arcade in testing right now: It'll add categorization to our new user rooms, so you'll be able to hook up with groups of players faster. We've got our new Arena Servers set up -- cheater-free! -- running the latest maps and mods. We call it "No Smacktards Allowed." But for some reason, I'm still allowed to play.
That's just a start -- the new stuff we have lined up for the rest of 2004 is looking awesome. I can't say too much yet, but it starts with online tournaments and ladders so that you can do more as part of the GameSpy community. Then we're going to increase your buying power, so you'll be able to download full games from home just by being a part of GameSpy -- yah, we've dabbled in this already, but we're going to go big. On the other side of the fence, IGN is cooking up a redesign that everyone's excited about.
It's going to be an incredible year: I can smell it! Or maybe that's the dog.
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Watch Out!
Here come the smart watches. Not that we haven't already gotten a few already. But today both Sony and Samsung jumped into the fray with new offerings. I'm going to concentrate on the Samsung offering for a moment, because, well, it's a pretty obvious example of "not really getting it."
The Galaxy Gear Smartwatch is US$300 and has the following attributes: 320x320 AMOLED display, built-in speakers, 1.9mp camera, 800MHz processor, 4GB of storage, 512MB of RAM, Bluetooth 4 to connect to anything, voice or gesture control, and a full day battery.
What's wrong with this description?
The same thing that was wrong with the Coolpix S800C and the various Samsung Android cameras: just another Android stack.
If the gadget makers have their way, we're going to be carrying dozens of Android (or iOS) powered devices with us, all doing far too much duplication of parts and roles. Let's see, everyone needs to carry a smartphone, a smart watch, smart glasses, a smart fitness band, not to mention a camera, tablet, laptop, and so on.
As I've written before in my Gear Where You Are article, you need a primary metaphor, something that holds all your gadgets together. Something has to be more "central" than the others; everything can't be "fully smart." What we're headed for—and what Samsung's built—is the too many chiefs and not enough indians problem. But let's just take it from a photographic standpoint and you'll get a very good idea of what I mean: why do we need a camera in our phone, our watch, our glasses, our tablet, our laptop, and, oh, by the way, a dedicated camera?
The cynic's answer is this: because Samsung doesn't know what else the smart watch would be for if it isn't just another variation of the Android phone.
Come on guys, get a clue. Eyeglasses would be an input and output device (camera and microphone are input, overlaid display and speaker/headbud are output). Okay, then what is the watch? More discrete output, a silent control (input), maybe a medical input (heartbeat, pedometer, respiration, skin temp, blood sugar level; whatever we can pick up these days).
Just because you can build everything with all functions doesn't mean you should. Moreover, the phone contract is controlling most of the data movement between you and the Internet, so the smartphone is the obvious choice for the "head of the wearable beast."
What strikes me as more interesting is that almost none of the current smart watches actually do what I want a watch to do. As in time things. Stopwatch, account meter, timer, alarm, multiple time zone displays, and so on. Heck, where is the Dark Sky app that warns me that it will rain in 15 minutes (all I need is a little buzz when the warning appears and then an icon with rain and a countdown timer)?
"It's an Android device, Thom, so some developer will create that."
Yeah, and I've still got some waterfront land in Florida I need to get rid of, any takers? (Yes, the snarky Thom is back, fully charged, from his African sojourn.) I want a smart watch to be smart out of the box, not something I have to sleuth through hundreds of thousands of free apps that are worth less than that and other apps that want me to in-app purchase something ("want the time in London? Pay five credits").
The watch I currently wear, at least when I wear one, has more watch functions built into it than the Galaxy Gear Smartwatch, it appears. And I don't have to charge its battery at the end of the day.
"I believe it will become a new fashion icon around the world" says Samsung CEO Shin. I suspect that you shouldn't consult him further on fashion unless you want to look like a series of colored plastic bands. Let's see, yellow for my phone, red for my watch, blue for my glasses, can I get purple for my fitness band?
I'm beginning to think that Android is the world's worst invention. Oh, it works just fine and has lots of depth and breadth and is a technological marvel (though a copy of another marvel for the most part). But it seems that everyone in the world is now just sticking Android into something with a battery and declaring it "smart" because they think some developer will create a useful app for it some day. We still haven't seen smart belts, smart shoe laces, smart cuff links, or smart tie pins, but they're coming, I'm sure. (Excuse me ladies, I forgot smart earrings, smart bracelets, smart necklaces, and a few others. And for the younger crowd, don't forget smart piercings.)
Samsung's vision for the current decade is "inspire the world, create the future." I'm not inspired, I don't like this future. I suggest that Samsung go back to its older vision: make better copies of what others are doing right.
Let's hope Apple figures the smart watch out. Under Jobs, I think they would have. Steve had a better sense of how things had to work together, not duplicate each other. All those "cool" things that Apple did under Steve's direction were also "useful" things that integrated with the rest of the Apple world very well. Right now the smart watch looks pretty dumb. Like a smaller, poorly specified smartphone that can't phone. It's going to take something far better than that to get me to wear a watch most of the time again.
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I recently bought an LG D2542P computer monitor. It supports what LG call "Cinema 3D".
True to their word, you can view 3D content on it with the same "Real D 3D" glasses you'd wear at Hoyts or other cinema. It comes with "Tri-Def" software that works on Windows to allow 3D viewing of every form of content I've tried with it....and it can also do 2D to 3D "conversion" on the fly as the video plays. It can also play 3D content from Fuji Real 3D camera (via the PC) and my LG 3D Max phone.
The LG D2542P also supports other input via HDMI. Hmmm......
So today I went to DSE and bought a Philips BDP5200 3D Blu-Ray player with wifi and ethernet - on sale - for $124. The shelf price was $249. 50% off seems pretty good.
I connected the Philips Blu-ray player to my LG D2542P monitor and changed the input source on the monitor to HDMI.
I configured the wifi and got it onto the Internet. I connected it to my PC speakers directly vie Line-In and an RCA L/R to 3.5mm cable.
Within about 5 minutes I was playing a 3D Blu-ray disc on this screen in perfect 3D wearing glasses from the movie theatre.
Total cost?
LG D2542P from PB Tech for $412 (GST incl)
Philips BDP5200 from DSE for $124.
I have myself a 25" "3D TV" for $536 all up.
That's defensible to she who must be obeyed. $1699 for 40" version of the LG 3D TV wasn't going to happen...and I'd still have to buy a Blu-ray player.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/87736
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Carex Crutches
Carex Crutches Image
1 pair
Crutches, Pushbutton Aluminum, Adult Anodized aluminum with rubber pads, tips, and grips. Made in China.
UPC/PLU: 23601097606 ?
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1. Instructions
Consult your physician or healthcare professional for proper walking and use instructions.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/87738
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The mess hall is a large cabin 100 ft long and 40 ft wide, located amidships. Shuttered windows have been thrown open to let in the sunlight and fresh air.
Long tables and benches are bolted to the wooden floor. There are probably at least a dozen people in the mess right now. Merchants and adventurers mostly. They seem harmless enough so that your gaze doesn't linger on any one in particular.
A group of three women enters the mess - a pretty human with a blond ponytail (a sheathed longsword slung across her back marks her as a warrior), a lithe elf with short white hair (she carries only a dagger at her waist), and a tall woman (race indeterminate) wearing a gray cloak, hood up, obscuring her face. Like everyone else on board, they are unarmored. They order some drinks, grab some seats in the corner, and huddle together as they drink and talk.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/87739
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Gig Posters
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Brian Biggs
The Fillmore
San Francisco
MrBiggsSend MrBiggs a message
2006-10-13 09:51:55
Ladytron Poster - The Fillmore, San Francisco - Brian Biggs
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john seaburySend john seabury a message : The nose/mouth issue is exactly what I thought of the Kingsford (I think) charcoal lighter can, till I was about fifteen, when to my shock, I recognized it correctly! Marvelous coincidence. 2007-03-26 16:59:51
standardSend standard a message : MrBiggs, don't let these naysayers bring you down. I think this is a very nice cutaway view of a 60s era Holley carburetor. 2006-10-17 13:31:36
MrBiggsSend MrBiggs a message : Well that's not nice. Think what you want about BGP, the a.d. is a swell (and bright) fella. 2006-10-17 13:28:55
RichieGoodtimesSend RichieGoodtimes a message : BGP Art Directors are incapable of thought, so that last statement is a lie. 2006-10-17 13:00:21
MrBiggsSend MrBiggs a message : Tom, the art director thunk the same as you until the day it went to press. Curl=nose (which would be a moustache?), nose=ear. Etc. Whatever. No one understands genius until it's too late anyways... 2006-10-17 12:56:10
strawberrylunaSend strawberryluna a message : it's amazing that you can see anything outta those coke bottles.
inspiring really.
2006-10-17 11:40:39
standardSend standard a message : MrBiggs, don't let these naysayers bring you down. I think this is a very nice aerial view of JFK International Airport. 2006-10-17 11:30:28
strawberrylunaSend strawberryluna a message : tom, her "curl" is her hand, ding dong. 2006-10-17 11:27:48
ricv64Send ricv64 a message : only ten comments yet 11 pages of thread about the show , thats sooooooo WRONG ! 2006-10-17 11:26:36
standardSend standard a message : allison, her eye is actually her mouth, dummy. 2006-10-17 11:25:27
strawberrylunaSend strawberryluna a message : ok, i'm a dope. i that's how i read the features until just now. curl = nose.
this poster is new all over again.
2006-10-17 11:24:04
standardSend standard a message : i thought the curl of the hair was her nose at first, which would've made her nose was her ear and meant that she had one eye and no mouth. I was a little confused, but I'm onboard now. 2006-10-17 11:22:32
MrBiggsSend MrBiggs a message : No MrBlonde7, I couldn't make the show since, you know, I live in Philly. Haven't seen the posters yet - they come out ok? (By the way, if anyone wants this or any other of my posters, lemme know - I like PayPal.) 2006-10-17 11:20:29
MrBlonde7Send MrBlonde7 a message : You gonna be at the show Biggs? I'll be there tomorrow, grabbing one of these. 2006-10-15 14:59:09
jamesheimerSend jamesheimer a message : mad sexy. 2006-10-14 19:25:11
El Negro Magnifico!Send El Negro Magnifico! a message : Perfect for Ladytron. 2006-10-14 14:08:03
Danny F. CriminalSend Danny F. Criminal a message : ey that's cool 2006-10-14 12:20:26
UnitusSend Unitus a message : super. 2006-10-14 09:25:41
strawberrylunaSend strawberryluna a message : yes. 2006-10-13 15:02:05
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froggy123luna's Profile
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My Clubs
All About Me!
1. Aquarius
2. Friendly, Outgoing, Creative
3. 5 was my soccer number :)
4. PURPLE!!! And Tiffany-box blue :)
5. 1 sister who is 15
6. Me!! lol jk
In A Nutshell...
1. Phys Ed, Art or English/Language Arts
2. Ummm... text haha
3. I love to play soccer and volleyball and watch hockey
4. mostly just hangin with my friends that I don't see very often, and my bf :)
5. I absolutely LOVE mouse lemurs
6. She totally gets me and loves me as me!
7. Don't have one. I love lots of foods.
8. Friends! lol
9. California or Florida
My Faves…
1. Modern Family
2. Lion King
3. Justin Bieber & Beyonce
4. Shiver & The Hunger Games
5. I don't really play video games...
6. Beyonce
Style Sense
1. Taylor Swift!
2. Garage and Aeropostale
3. Smackers Vanilla Whipped Cocoa
4. Mascara
5. My fave pair of jeans
1. Yup and yup :)
2. About 2-3
3. A guy who loves me for me and always wants to be with me, who makes me laugh and takes good care of me.
4. Justin Bieber/ Josh Hutcherson <3
1. Real Estate Agent/Fashion Designer
2. San Diego
3. Australia
4. Move to somewhere warm, get a big house and go on a shopping spree, then donate the rest to charity
5. Make the most of every day
1. Night Owl
3. Write with right, shoot with left.
4. Theater
5. Slob and proud of it :)
My Healthy You Profile
1. Fitness Faves
At Train for Life
2. Soccer
3. Warm-up, workout, stretch.
4. Goal Girl
To be stronger and more physically fit by New Year's
5. My abs :)
6. My fitness instructor
7. Shawn Johnson
8. Tasty Eats
Apples and peanut butter
9. My mom's homemade healthy pizza
10. Eat something healthy that tastes like something unhealthy.
11. Anything! Especially guys :)
12. Nothing at the moment.
13. Not really
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/87748
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Hacked Region-Free Blu-ray Players For Sale
While Sony was smart enough to make PS3 games region-free, they still insisted on putting those pesky regional restrictions on Blu-ray discs. Now Blu-ray Mods is selling a modified player that can run all of the world’s Blu-ray films and still accept firmware updates. A turnkey hacked Panasonic DMP-BD30, their system runs a steep US$781. That’s about US$300 over list. But if you’ve got a soldering iron and a bit of patience, the kit alone only costs US$108. Whatabargain! [Blu-ray Mods via Engadget]
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Obadiah the Prophet
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November 19
The Divine Scriptures do not tell us with any certainty when the Prophet Obadiah lived nor what was his homeland. Thus, some say that he is that Obadiah who was Ahab's steward, who, because of Jezebel's wrath, hid one hundred prophets in a cave and fed them with bread and water (III Kings 18:4), and that he later became a disciple of Elias the Prophet about 903 B.C. But others surmise from the words of the same prophetical book that he is somewhat later than Joel (celebrated on Oct. 19). He is also called Obdiu, or Abdiu, or Obadiah; his name means "servant of God." His book of prophecy, which consists of only one chapter, is ranked fourth among the minor Prophets.
Apolytikion in the Second Tone
As we celebrate the memory of Thy Prophet Obadiach, O Lord, through him we beseech Thee to save our souls.
Kontakion in the Plagal of the Fourth Tone
As a divinely-chosen Prophet, thou foretoldest things far off, that on Mount Sion salvation should come to pass, for Heaven's myst'ries shone on thee; as thou dwellest in Heaven with the Prophets, rejoicing in Christ whom ye foretold, entreat Him, O Obadiah, to save us, who honour thee with love.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/87794
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★ What is Gossip Cop? Find out!
WATCH: Miley Cyrus Covers “Hey Ya” by Outkast
Truth rating: 10
By Daniel Gates
(Getty Images)
Miley Cyrus performed a cover of the Outkast song “Hey Ya” during the first week of her BANGERZ tour.
Considering all the controversy surrounding her stage show, many people forget that there’s actual singing involved in these concerts — and Cyrus’ twangy take on the hip-hop classic is worth a look.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/87803
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Comedy's Holy Grails
The five most important lost (and not-so-lost) documents that shaped our oh-so-funny times
August 2010
WHAT IT IS: The greatest lost document in unintentional-comedy history, written, directed, starring, and largely financed by Jerry Lewis. Filmed in 1971 and never released, the movie tells the story of a failed German clown, the unsubtly named Helmut Doork, who, while interned in a Nazi camp, finally works up a successful act—making Jewish children giggle en route to the gas chamber.
WHERE CAN YOU FIND IT? Reportedly only two copies exist, one in its Swedish producer's vault, the other in a locked Louis Vuitton briefcase in Jerry's office. (Asked about Clown during a recorded interview, Jerry seized and shredded the cassette tape.) The resourceful can read the script online, though.
SAMPLE EXCERPT: EXT. GAS CHAMBER: [W]e hear O.S. the tune of Helmut's little harmonica, and as it hits a sour note, the chuckles of the children … and then the shocking sound of the loud HISS!… and the children's laughter begins to trickle down and out … as does the sound of the tiny harmonica, desperately trying to finish its turn … but it too, stops, and all that is heard is the HISS! subsiding … until … absolute silence.
WHO'S OBSESSED WITH IT: Besides Jerry Lewis? Comics like Christopher Guest, Rob Reiner, Albert Brooks, and Patton Oswalt, all of whom are rumored to have taken part in clandestine readings of the copyrighted screenplay.
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Bullet GT
From Grand Theft Wiki
Revision as of 00:32, 17 December 2009 by SiK SHIFTER (Talk)
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File:Bullet GT (GTA4 TBOGT) (front).png
A Bullet GT in The Ballad of Gay Tony (Rear quarter view).
The Bullet GT is a supercar featured in The Ballad of Gay Tony.
The Bullet GT is evidently based on the Bullet, a similarly designed sports car from Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, sharing similar Ford GT-like design cues and hood scoop, and rear window shutters seemingly inspired by those of the Lamborghini Miura. Its make is unknown, however its interior is derived from the Grotti Turismo.
The Bullet GT has a massive top speed about 209MPH, and is plausibly and arguably the fastest car in the game, butting heads with the Comet and the Coquette. It can turn corners easily, and barely has any understeer.
• The player can spawn the Bullet GT via cheat code by dialing "227-555-9666".
• Henrique Bardas can acquire one for the player after the mission No. 3.
• The Bullet GT, is used in the Triathlon's.
• You can obtain a unique green and black Bullet GT in the Triathlons
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