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First for music news
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Audioslave : Audioslave
What does this parade of heavyweights amount to? Refreshingly, the answer proves to be nothing very much at all.
Audioslave : Audioslave
4 / 10 Dischord, they've done. Noise and politics they know about. At one time or another, the members of Audioslave have variously counted angst, paranoia, resistance and protest as their subject matter, but now they're heading for something that they've not tried before - to make a heavenly and harmonious marriage.
Quite a challenge, obviously, when you learn that Audioslave are made up of three quarters of the line up of Rage Against The Machine: Tom Morello on guitar, Brad Wilk on drums, and Tim Commerford on bass. Possibly more so, when you learn they are additionally joined here by Chris Cornell, on cliché. Sadly, it seems that with 'Audioslave' these people who were involved in some very exciting rock records in the 1990s, now seem happy to be making some bad ones from the 1970s.
For this, and this next part of the sentence may prove puzzling for younger readers, is not too far from being a record by Dio, or Richie Blackmore's Rainbow. Across a series of big but pretty tired riffs, Chris Cornell sings songs like 'What You Are' or 'Shadow On The Sun' which will more than likely mention the sun or setting things on fire, and occasionally being 'locked away' with some 'problems'. If he were to tell you he were a wizard and he needed an amulet, it wouldn't be all that surprsing.
It's not too hard to figure out why. Though the best Rage Against Machine's members managed was an uneasy peace with each other, Zack De La Rocha did at least give them something to write about. Without this righteous fury, it's difficult to know exactly what this new group could do to the machine, except possibly bore it into submission with a load of ponderous rock songs. This is an album involving many 'big guns'. There's the players themselves, of course. There's Rick Rubin, producing. They've even wheeled out Pink Floyd sleeve designer Storm Thorgerson to turn out some pseudo-symbolic old bollocks for the front cover. And what does it all mean? What does this parade of heavyweights amount to? Refreshingly, the answer proves to be nothing very much at all.
John Robinson
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Born In Sierra Leone, Young Woman Documents Her Final Steps On Path To Citizenship
Becoming a citizen was a long path for Veralyn Williams. She came to the U.S. from Africa as an infant, and found as a teen, she couldn't even get a job at a fast food restaurant. This is the final chapter in her journey to citizenship.
Veralyn Williams knows that path to citizenship Mara was reporting on intimately. Williams grew up in New York City. Her family moved there from Sierra Leone when she as an infant and she always thought of herself as an American, through-and-through. But as a senior in high school, she discovered the truth. Not only was she not a U.S. citizen, she didn't even have a green card.
That's a story she told back in 2005 as part of WNYC's Radio Rookies program.
VERALYN WILLIAMS, BYLINE: Though I've lived in America all my life, technically it feels like I don't exist. I never thought I'd have fewer rights than my younger sister and brother who were born here.
WILLIAMS: I am different 'cause I'm not a citizen like you and Lois are.
: So, just get the green card.
CORNISH: Now, Veralyn has this follow up about her quest to become officially an American.
WILLIAMS: I was an anxious teen ready to grow up before my time. I needed a green card but didn't have one, so I was beyond frustrated. My life felt out of my control. Here I was working hard in school, dreaming of becoming the modern day Zora Neale Hurston, and I couldn't even get an afterschool job at McDonald's.
So I began asking my parents difficult and even taboo questions.
So to clear it up: what's my legal status right now?
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: When I got my green card on the Suspension of Deportation, something happened which I don't really know, and they told me that I had to apply for you guys.
WILLIAMS: And when did you eventually come to America?
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #1: Let me think. I came in '86.
WILLIAMS: What was that form that you filled out?
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: It was the I-130.
WILLIAMS: Do you think that I'm not grateful for the things that you and dad do for me?
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #1: I think you're very ungrateful because you're not aware of what some other people go through.
WILLIAMS: All those questions eventually led me to my congressman's office. And I was finally able to see that path to citizenship everyone is always talking about.
My dad applied for political asylum and became a permanent resident, so he was able to sponsor me. And I just had to wait. Two years later, I got my green card. I can take my dreams off pause and achieve world domination.
WILLIAMS: Hey, guys. It's me, Veralyn...
Which now means taking over for Oprah.
WILLIAMS: When you go on dates, who generally choose where you go?
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: These days, it's me.
WILLIAMS: Being a permanent resident was everything I'd prayed for. I could work as many as six jobs at one time. And I finally got to see Sierra Leone.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #3: ...Sierra Leone.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #2: I'm telling you. Wow.
WILLIAMS: I became eligible to apply for citizenship last year. But that $680 application fee made me put it off six more months. So I saved, applied and, in December, I got a letter from the Department of Homeland Security giving me my citizenship interview date.
(Reading) On January 10th, 2013...
WILLIAMS: (Reading) 11 A.M.
Oh, my God.
In case you can't tell, I'm excited. I'm contemplating all the ways my life is going to change once I become a citizen. I'll be able to vote and travel to Europe without having to spend two days pulling together a visa application. But I'm not really sure if who I am will change.
I mean I've spent my whole life here...
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #3: What did the Declaration of Independence do?
WILLIAMS: ...and like many Americans, I haven't exactly brushed up on my civics since middle school.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #3: I was about to say it set the slaves free. But I think that's the Emancipation Proclamation.
WILLIAMS: But to become a citizen, you have to study a hundred facts about U.S. history and government. So I tested some of my American-born friends.
How many U.S. senators years are there?
WILLIAMS: I'll give you a hint...
WILLIAMS: There are two per state.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #4: So maybe like 102, 104.
WILLIAMS: I'm going to need you to know there are 50 states in America.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #4: Twenty-six.
WILLIAMS: No. What's the name of our current speaker of the House?
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #4: Condoleezza Rice.
WILLIAMS: So the speaker of the House of Representatives now, what's his name?
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #4: Christine Quinn?
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #4: This is so embarrassing. People are going to hear this, right? Should I think about it some more?
WILLIAMS: I mean, I guess that's (unintelligible), you would not be a citizen of the United States.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #4: That is a fact.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #4: Thankfully, I was born here.
WILLIAMS: Well, I wasn't. So that means I have to study.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #5: Who is the chief justice...
WILLIAMS: Despite being a little shaky the night before...
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #5: Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
WILLIAMS: George Washington?
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #5: Thomas Jefferson.
WILLIAMS: I passed my test and get a date for my Naturalization Oath Ceremony.
(Reading) Please report promptly at 8:30 A.M.
Before my swearing-in date, I go over to my parents' house for breakfast. And while we're eating, my dad says...
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: At least it made you a better person. It made you not take things in America for granted.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #6: What do you mean not having...
WILLIAMS: My sister who was born here asked him to clarify.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: Yeah, it made Vera a better person because there was a time when Vera wanted to work and she couldn't. For you, you were born here and you take those things for granted. But when you have to...
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #6: Does that make me less a person?
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: No, it doesn't make you a lesser person. But when you don't you have it, yes - it does make you less appreciative.
WILLIAMS: I hate to admit it, but those years of working off the bucks for $5 an hour at a job I really needed means I don't take for granted the opportunities I have now. But I still wish I could've learned that lesson another way. 7/26 on the day I'm going to become a citizen of the United States. Finally, the day is here and I put on my red, white and blue dress and go to the courthouse, where unfortunately I wasn't allowed to record or take pictures.
They jammed 281 of us into a courtroom, ready to give up our green cards and take our oath to become Americans. The ceremony took hours, but it wasn't until I walked out with my citizenship certificate that I finally felt claimed. Dear fellow American - I mean, the president even wrote me a letter - we embrace you as a new citizen of our land and we welcome you to the American family.
And it's signed Barack Obama. I went back to the Brooklyn Court. How are you?
JUDGE ROBERT LEVY: Congratulations. You're a citizen.
WILLIAMS: Thank you. To meet Judge Robert Levy, the one who swore me in that day. How do you think the people that became citizens that day are changed once they walk out the door?
LEVY: Well, that's something I always wonder about. The citizenship, I think, brings with it a different sense of self and I don't think that anyone can predict for someone else how that will change them, but I'm pretty sure that it will change them.
WILLIAMS: He's right. It's difficult to put it into words but I feel different. I'm an American and that gives me authority to define my sense of self, whether it's pulling on my neon red, white and blue microphone and asking the tough questions or perfecting my favorite Sierra Leonian for my two-year-old niece and little cousins. Or just choosing both, like most Americans do. For NPR News, I'm Veralyn Williams.
CORNISH: Veralyn is now 27. She lives in Brooklyn and works as a multimedia journalist. Her story was produced by Kaari Pitkin of Radio Rookies at member station WNYC.
Support comes from:
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Rebecca Kamm
Rebecca Kamm: I am terrified of childbirth
Photo / Thinkstock
Photo / Thinkstock
Here's something that could cause me some stress in the future: I want to have children one day, but I am beyond terrified by the idea of childbirth. Someone once described it to me as "pushing a watermelon through a pinhead". Then someone else told me really surprising things about tearing, bowel movements, getting 'the shakes', and the 'ring of fire'.
(I can't remember what that last one even is. My brain kicked into self-protection mode and made me forget.)
I've pondered the above information with varying levels of horror over the years. I've also pondered the rumour there's an unspoken pact amongst mothers not to fully reveal the scary details of giving birth. Which makes me worry even more, because that would mean it must be pretty bad.
My mother employs this tactic, actually. When I've mentioned how scared I am at the prospect of a PERSON EMERGING FROM MY PERSON, she says - all casual - 'It's not so terrible! It's just like period pain!'
Mum: I have my suspicions this is not true. I know that kind of monthly pain, and it doesn't make me squeeze my boyfriend's hand so hard he squeaks - or yell at the top of my lungs for a numb lower body (although that would be nice sometimes).
Or curse the moon for 'doing this to me'.
I'm pretty sure I know how the fear started. Some years ago I was innocently watching TV - flicking calmly through the channels - when suddenly there it was: a very closeup scene of a real birth. I froze, utterly compelled by this foreign sight, and began to watch. But then my head went all woozy and cold waves crept over me and I nearly fainted.
It looked 100 times worse than I had ever in my wildest dreams imagined - and I have some pretty wild dreams, like a reoccurring one where instead of a baby popping out it's a highly articulate kitten with a serious attitude problem.
Apparently, one in four women experience high levels of childbirth fear - and birthing professionals say the anxiety surrounding childbirth is more pronounced than ever before. In response to this there's a new website in the UK that pairs nervy expectant-mothers with chilled already-mothers, so the former can hear "positive birth stories" in a formalised way.
A quick google reveals other, similar sites - fecund with swirly earth mother illustrations and tales of peaceful pushing.
Sometimes I hear about women who don't know they're pregnant until they give birth. (Which I've always found fascinating. HOW can you not know?) That could be great for people like me - no time to fret, just instant baby.
Not to diminish the loveliness of being pregnant and all that - I'm sure it's a real trip. I just don't understand why Mother Nature didn't make childbirth akin to a sneeze or something. After all, pain is the body's way of telling the brain something's wrong (or to be avoided), and I'm pretty sure having a baby doesn't necessarily equate with that. Especially if it's not a kitten.
Basically, we're amazing and complex machines. So I'm disappointed we don't have some sort of trapdoor that would simplify everything, and do away with watermelons through pinheads.
Debate on this article is now closed.
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Previous Years
For our third Open House, we continued to expand the range of elements we measured, including determining whether water was "soft" or "hard," and the samples we accepted
2012 Open House Flyer
For our second Open House, we expanded the range of elements that we measured to include more heavy metals (such as cadmium and mercury), and we accepted a much broader range of samples
2011 Open House Flyer
For our first Open House (2010) we measured lead, iron, and copper in water samples
2010 Open House Flyer
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New Horizons
Helps for Worship #7: The Salutation
William Shishko
"Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." (Rom. 1:7, 1 Cor. 1:3, etc.)
The order of worship, as presented in the bulletin, often uses unusual words, like salutation, invocation, and benediction. All of these terms have a biblical basis. By understanding them, you will have a better experience of corporate worship.
Many churches do not have a salutation at the beginning of worship. Believers gather on Sunday. They are called to worship God. They sing. They pray. They listen to the Word of God read and preached. At best, they think of God as speaking to them.
The Bible's view of worship is far grander than this!
All of the New Testament letters written to churches (i.e., written to be read in churches during a gathering for worship) begin with a greeting (formally known as a salutation), such as the one given at the head of this article. God himself greets his gathered people through the minister. The greeting not only indicates that God himself is with them, but also demonstrates that God is with them under the promise of his grace. Just as the divine presence dwelt with the covenant people in the Old Testament (e.g., Ps. 26:8), and just as Jesus promised that "where two or three are gathered together in My name, I am there in the midst of them" (Matt. 18:20 NKJV), so now God himself is present in every gathered assembly of the New Testament temple, the church.
This ought to revolutionize our view of worship! Corporate worship is, first of all, a gathering of God with his people! He is really with us by the Holy Spirit! He reminds us that he is with us by his greeting! He is really with us to minister to us (which is why the one who leads worship is called a "minister"). We must believe that God himself is with us as we gather for worship, and we are encouraged to fully involve ourselves in what is to come because his greeting is a promise of grace and a statement that God intends peace—i.e., the fullness of the blessings of redemption—to those who respond in repentance and faith.
For Reflection
1. Would it bother you if your Lord's Day worship did not begin with a salutation? Why or why not?
2. How is your worship made different because you know that God is with you? How should this affect your concentration? Your singing? Your prayers?
The author is pastor of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church, Franklin Square, New York. Reprinted from New Horizons, April 2006. First article in series. Next article. Index.
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View Full Version : glut32.dll InstallShield error 1310
01-08-2009, 11:53 AM
Hello there,
Not sure if it's the right forum to ask, I've posted this on Toolkits forum as well.
InstallShield is getting me an error 1310 when trying to copy
glut32.dll into System32 folder on Vista/XP 64-bit/Windows 7
Do you guys know why this error happens only for that file?
Thanks a lot!
01-08-2009, 01:58 PM
This is not related to opengl. You need to be the computer administrator to write to the System32 directory.
01-08-2009, 03:01 PM
Thanks for your reply!
I'm Administrator, I have full permissions on that folder and any other file is copied properly.
Even running the setup as administrator doesn't solve the issue either.
Could not understand why only glut32.dll doesn't want do copy?
Thank you for any hint!
01-08-2009, 04:08 PM
Another option is to create a folder of your own somewhere and point your environment PATH variable to it, so Windows can find your binaries without having to stink up the system folders. I just create a SDK\Bin folder and pack all my odds and ends into it.
Hope it helps.
01-09-2009, 02:52 AM
even as admin under Vista make sure you specify from popup menu "run as Administrator" or the install package is corrupt.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/103793
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The Free and Open Productivity Suite
New: Apache OpenOffice 4.1.0 released!
OpenOffice.org - MacOSX
Installing OpenOffice.org on Mac OSX
OpenOffice.org is installed like most other Mac OSX applications:
• Get OpenOffice.org for Mac OSX
• Open the downloaded disk image by clicking on it
• Drag and drop the OpenOffice.org icon into the Applications folder or any other folder on your system. screenshot: install by dragging and dropping
• Start the application by clicking its icon in the Applications folder. Enjoy!
Apache Software Foundation
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/103804
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User:David Johnston Monje/Notebook/Maize Endophyte Biofertilizers
From OpenWetWare
< User:David Johnston Monje | Notebook
Revision as of 15:36, 17 November 2011 by David Johnston Monje (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
Home Lab Project Protocols Notebook Links
Search this Project
Customize your entry pages
Project Description/Abstract
Goal: To develop soil disease diagnostic tests and isolate novel beneficial microbes for plant agriculture.
• I am now working at the company A&L Biologicals and focusing more on soil microbiology than on plant endophytes.
Recent changes
Personal tools
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/103834
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Permalink for comment 285315
RE[4]: Looks fantastic
by modmans2ndcoming on Mon 19th Nov 2007 23:51 UTC in reply to "RE[3]: Looks fantastic"
Member since:
I wonder if there is a way to develop a web browser that has a plug in architecture for the CSS. That would allow CSS to improve asynchronous to IE releases, or any browser release... and if it was an Open Source project, we might see some significant improvements in support all together.
Reply Parent Score: 1
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/103835
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Linked by Thom Holwerda on Mon 6th Feb 2006 13:12 UTC, submitted by sean batten
Google "One result of the US government's battle with Google over a week's worth of searches is an increased awareness over the data kept by all of the major search engines. Each time we use Google, Yahoo, Ask Jeeves, or any other search engine, there's a record created of the search term used along with our IP address. All of the reputable search portals keep the data private. However, if someone armed with a subpoena wants to find out what you've been searching for, there is not a whole lot you can do to stop them."
Permalink for comment 93175
RE: understand
by WorknMan on Mon 6th Feb 2006 14:36 UTC in reply to "understand"
Member since:
I can understand people having problems with search engines giving up search records-- but for me personally it doesn't really matter. It's an age-old argument, but really, I got nothing to hide.
Same here. I don't think I've looked anything up that I would be embarassed about if my mother saw a list of my search queries. I understand though that it bothers some people just because of the principle of the whole thing, which is understandable, I guess.
Edited 2006-02-06 14:37
Reply Parent Score: 2
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Permalink for comment 99958
RE[3]: Seriously...
by prokoudine on Tue 28th Feb 2006 14:33 UTC in reply to "RE[2]: Seriously..."
Member since:
> Hate to tell you this but there are many professions where the images never go any where near a printing press.
I think he is referring to designers and photographers in the first place and in that case he is quite right. Some designers don't need CMYK/L*a*b, but these ones work on web-design and/or icons (like Jimmac or Tigert or Garret).
Reply Parent Score: 1
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Permalink for comment
Comment on lupusBE (IP: post
by Finalzone on Wed 24th Nov 2004 18:53 UTC
bad - 5 cd's
How can that be bad when Fedora Core 3 includes more stuffs that cannot fit on a single CD hence the availability on DVD? Does Ubuntu include KDE, XFCE, development packages, etc on a single CD? You failed to understand FC3 is a general purpose OS while Ubuntu aims for desktop.
config tools only working for fedora/Red hat
not as community based as it should be
ubuntu is working on including the good stuff of fedora and not the bad so ;) ))
Then it won't be on a single CD anymore defeating Ubuntu goal.
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Thread beginning with comment 372299
To view parent comment, click here.
RE: Money rules, not Mono
by vivainio on Wed 8th Jul 2009 16:46 UTC in reply to "Money rules, not Mono"
Member since:
If there wil be no good commercial programs, that requires mono, MS will not even bother to start legal actions. But if some big company releases some big product - MS will react. Imagine, what would happen, if Google made it's Google Earth with Mono. They will be sued to death by MS.
It's exactly the other way around.
Microsoft would love the fact that something great was done with Mono. It's the mindshare and programmers hearts they are after. If mono was to become a "standard" way of writing Linux software, it would leave Microsoft at the "choke point", and utterly neutralize the threat of Java. They can basically start escalating the value of .Net stack rapidly (in areas not covered by the promise), and leave Linux eating dust; again to attract developers ("we are already halfway using .Net - why not go all the way now and benefit from $NEW_TECH).
It doesn't hurt that the stuff written in Mono would run better on Windows.
MS will then try to sue some money out of it.
Hah, the money from lawsuits is peanuts for Microsoft. The lawsuits are done to ensure their dominant position.
Reply Parent Score: 2
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! Hunting & Fishing Licenses | Boat Registration Renewal
2013 Tidal Calendar (pdf format)
"The Mighty Tides"
There is not one drop of water in the ocean, not even in the deepest parts of the abyss, that does not respond to the mysterious forces that create the tide. No other force that affects the sea is so strong. Compared with the tide, the wind-created waves are surface movements which are felt, at the most, no more than a hundred fathoms below the surface.To help you comprehend the enormous masses of water affected by tidal movement, consider the following example. Into one small bay on the east coast of North America - Passamaquoddy - two billion tons of water are carried by the tidal current twice each day; into the whole Bay of Fundy, 100 billion tons!
Response to 'Pull' of Moon
The tides are a response of the waters of the ocean to the gravitational "pull" of the moon and the more distant sun. Folks who live along the Alabama coast know that the moon, far more than the sun, controls the tides. Why is this? Should not the sun, with a mass 27 million times that of the moon, have the greater influence? No. Because in the mechanics of the universe, nearness counts far more than distant mass, and when all the mathematical calculations have been made, we find that the moon's power over the tides is more than twice that of the sun.
Moon Deciding Factor
Here's how it works -Twice each month, when the moon is a mere thread of silver in the sky, and again when it is full, we have the strongest tidal movements-the highest flood tides and lowest ebb tides of the lunar month. These are called the spring tides. At these times the sun, moon, and earth are directly in line and the pull of the two heavenly bodies is added together to bring the water high on the beaches and draw a brimming tide into the harbors so that boats float high beside their wharfs.
Likewise, twice each month at the quarters of the moon, when sun, moon, and earth lie at the apexes of a triangle and the pull of the sun and the moon are opposed, we have the moderate tidal movements called the neap tides. At this time the difference between high and low water is less than at any other time during the month. A simple way to explain or remember tidal rhythm is to think of it as twice-daily waves that move like the hour hand of a clock about a central point - mid-ocean. These waves run 12 hours and 25 minutes apart; their crests are high tides and the troughs are low tides.
Tides More Complicated
However, the tides are enormously more complicated than all this would suggest. The influence of sun and moon is constantly changing with the phases of the moon, with the distance of moon and sun from the earth, and with the position of each to the north or south of the equator.
The declination of the moon (its position north or south of the equator) is one of the most important factors affecting Alabama tides. As the moon revolves around the earth from east to west, it also has a north-south movement. The declination is the distance in degrees of latitude that the moon is north or south of the equator. The plane of the moon's orbit is not in the same plane as the equator, therefore, the declination of the moon is constantly changing. In the moon's fort-nightly change from maximum northerly to maximum southerly declination, the differences between morning and afternoon tides are greatest near the times the moon is over the equator.
Power Of Oscillation
Tides are further implicated by the fact that every body of water, whether natural or artificial, has its own period of oscillation. Disturb its waters and they will move with a seesaw or rocking motion with the most pronounced movement at the ends of the container and the least motion at the center. The truth of the matter is that local topography is all important in determining the features that, to our minds, make "the tide." The attractive force of the heavenly bodies sets the water in motion, but how, and how far, and how strongly it will rise depends on such things as the slope of the bottom, the depth of a channel, or the width of a bay's entrance.
When we spend a holiday or weekend at Gulf Shores or Dauphin Island, the ebbing and flowing of the tide may not leave much of an impression on our minds because in that great inland sea of the Atlantic-the Gulf of Mexico-the tidal rise is but a slight movement of no more than a foot or two.
On the shores of Alabama the tide is a long, deliberate undulation-one rise and one fall in the lunar day of 24 hours plus 50 minutes-resembling the untroubled breathing of that earth monster to whom the ancient Indians attributed all tides. In contrast, if you ever have the chance to summer on the Gulf of Maine around the Bay of Fundy, the rise and fall of the tide would be something you would never forget. You would have to accommodate your boating and swimming activities to a tide that rises and falls 40 to 50 feet a day! Although all earth lies under the same moon and sun, the above contrast shows us how much the topography, or shape of a basin in a certain location, affects the tide.
Tides Affect People, Fish
The lives of coastal Alabamians are affected daily by the tides and of even greater importance is the affect the rise and fall of the tide has on the life of seafood. The tidal flooding of the coastal marshes- the estuaries- is a vital factor that accounts for the fertility that enables us to enjoy the fishing and fine seafood that we sometimes take for granted.
Tides Growing Weaker
Let me leave you with the following fact: the tides are growing weaker and weaker. Tidal friction is constantly pushing the moon further and further away. As the moon recedes, it will have less power over the tides and it will also take the moon longer to complete its orbit around the earth. When finally the length of the day and month coincide, the moon will no longer rotate relatively to the earth and there will be no lunar tides.
If the history of the earth's tides should one day be written by some observer of the universe, it would no doubt be said that they reached their greatest grandeur and power in the younger days of Earth, and that they slowly grew feebler and less imposing until one day they ceased to be. As with all that is earthly, their days are numbered. All this, of course, will require time on a scale the mind finds difficult to conceive, and before it happens, it is quite probable that the human race will have vanished from the earth.
Official Web site of Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
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Fluid test media
| May 12, 2010
OilCheckUp features instant fluid diagnostics of engine oil, transmission, brake, differential, transfer case, gearbox, power steering, hydraulics, coolants-radiators, heat exchangers and other fluids. The fast test media with chromatographic results offers visual and comparative fluid diagnostics to actual new engine oil, and to manufacturer’s recommended oil and filter change intervals. Any particle contaminants will form a color graph on the test media indicating service required.
www.oilcheckup.com, (847) 438-3913
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Definition of topic in English:
Syllabification: top·ic
Pronunciation: /ˈtäpik
1A matter dealt with in a text, discourse, or conversation; a subject: her favorite topic of conversation is her partner
More example sentences
• Unfortunately, one of the topics of conversation was to be the new guy asleep in the corner.
• The conversation turns to other topics, but by that point I've drifted off into my own thoughts.
• Where to go on holiday, parenting advice and bad days at work are among the other hot topics of conversation.
subject, subject matter, theme, issue, matter, point, talking point, question, concern, argument, thesis, text, keynote
1.1 Linguistics That part of a sentence about which something is said, typically the first major constituent.
More example sentences
• First, the empty topic is in general a discourse rather than a sentence phenomenon.
• The reviewer is perforce required to deal with major themes and how topics within them are treated.
Definition of topic in:
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Word of the day antebellum
Pronunciation: ˌantɪˈbɛləm
occurring or existing before a particular war…
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Pervasive Computing Lab
Exploring the Possibilities of Human-Computer Interaction
co-directed by Dr. Charles Tappert and Dr. Sung-Hyuk Cha
Pervasive HomePervasive computing goes beyond the realm of today's personal computer to ubiquitous devices that are becoming smaller and more powerful with embedded technology and connectivity. It concerns the idea that almost any device, from clothing to appliances to cars to homes and to the human body, can be imbedded with chips to connect the device to an infinite network of other devices. Pervasive computing combines current network and wireless technologies with progressively smaller computing devices, voice recognition, artificial intelligence, and Internet capability, to create an environment where the connectivity is unobtrusive and always available.
Human-computer interaction (HCI) has not really changed for several decades
• we continue to use the highly successful graphical user interface commonly referred to as the WIMP(windows, icons, menus, pointer) interface with our personal computers
This paradigm will not meet the uses of computers in the future because
• computers are getting smaller and more pervasive with wireless communication so the size factor makes graphical user interfaces impractical
• the push to make computers easier to use is leading us in the direction of interacting with machines in human modalities, such as speech, handwriting, and gestures
The purpose of this laboratory is to provide the environment
• to study and better understand the available HCI techniques and combinations of techniques
• to study new HCI techniques for small mobile devices and for embedded devices
• to examine how people interact with each other and with the real world in order to devise better HCI techniques
• to explore and better understand ways to enable computers to use human communication modalities including
- speech recognition, speech synthesis, and emerging voice technologies and applications
- handwriting recognition, pen computing and applications
-other pattern recognition and artificial intelligence technologies
• to explore related security technologies including
- biometric applications
- individuality studies
- spam and phishing detection and related issues
- forensics applications
• to explore wearable and handheld computing and their enabling technologies including
- input: speech recognition and pen technologies
- output: head mounted display and speech output technologies
- communication: wireless technologies and Internet connectivity
- virtual reality technologies
• to help businesses understand and utilize these emerging pervasive computing technologies
Related CSIS courses and other material can be found on
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Feeding Your Baby: 3 Helpful Tips
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Feeding your baby should be a time of bonding, relaxation, and fun — not filled with worry. Here are three things to remember to keep the process calm and enjoyable for both you and your baby.
1. There is no deadline for stopping breastfeeding.
Worried about when to wean? If your 15-month-old still loves to breastfeed and you do too, then stick with it. At around 6 months of age, when your child is getting nutrients from solid foods too, his desire for breast milk may gradually lessen. The simplest and most natural way to wean is when your child initiates the process … and when that time comes, you’ll know it.
Some well-meaning family friends might suggest you give water to your new baby, especially in the hot days of summer, to keep him hydrated. But if she fills up on water, she’ll miss out on essential nutrients from feedings. So feel free to ignore this advice — your baby is actually getting all the hydration she needs from breast milk or formula. (The only time when you need to give your baby water is when she’s sick and losing fluids through vomiting or diarrhea. In this case, consult with your pediatrician first.)
At 6 months of age, your healthy baby is likely ready for some yummy pureed food. In the past, parents were encouraged to start with rice cereal or another single grain cereal before adding other foods. What we know now is that a fruit or vegetable (think mashed banana or pureed avocado) is a great first food. So feel free to give your baby real food from the get-go. Just make sure it’s soft and has a single ingredient. Expand from there and follow your baby’s lead.
Feedings are wonderful opportunities to bond with your precious baby. By following these tips, you’ll ensure a full belly and full heart.
Member comments
My son is 10 months and I'm still breast feeding. How will I know if he is ready to wean himself?
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A Voice for These Times
Mr Rogers:
4. On What We Do
From The World According to Mister Rogers (Kindle Locations 621-623).
5. On Looking for the Helpers
From The World According to Mister Rogers (Kindle Locations 645-647).
About Scot McKnight
• BryanJensen
If there is a “Makers vs. the Takers” debate, I’d like Fred to be defining the terms.
• Joe Canner
I like #5. I had that same thought after I heard about the heroes of Sandy Hook ES who protected their students, at great cost to themselves. For every Adam Lanza there are multiple heroes rising to the occasion. Whenever I hear people bemoaning the collapse of American society, I think of (and try to point people to) those heroes.
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How to (Not) Destroy Catholic Art
Catholic art is destroyed at the exact point in which it becomes necessary to have “Catholic” art.
The surging liturgical movement in the Roman Catholic Church over the past decade, often called “traditionalism,” is not so much evidence of the strength of Catholic liturgy today but, instead, of its remarkable weakness. We do not see “traditionalists” emerge unless (a) there is no tradition to begin with or (b) until a real tradition is in danger. Otherwise, traditions, real ones, are simply ordinary ways of being and living.
To kill a tradition, in its most organic and natural state, make it a “tradition.”
Find a place that is passionate about TRADITION and there you will find some amount of fear and insecurity. In the case of the Hebrew people, for example, there are very good historical reasons for this feeling. Same goes for indigenous peoples. Not all paranoia is unjustified. And just because you’re paranoid doesn’t mean that they’re not out to get you.
The general point is a simple one: whenever a special category is needed, that need reveals a lack of some kind. Depending on the motivations, context, and approach, these categories and movements can produce many good and bad fruits, revivals, and reminders — but the constitutive conditions remain, by and large, the same.
Catholic art is destroyed at the exact point at which it becomes necessary to have something, just one thing, just one reliable thing, just one little thing that has an imprimatur of some kind, that can be trusted and relied on, labeled as “Catholic” art.
I grew up hearing about how badly we need “Catholic” things. Merchandise. Music. Stuff to compete with the Protestants who were better at making stuff that looks just as “cool” as the secular stuff. Really good vegan bacon.
I also kept hearing about how we need “Catholic” things that are more Catholic than the current Catholic stuff. Qualitative degrees of Catholicism.
What I didn’t realize then was that, for me, a cradle Catholic, a Mestizo Mexican Tejano Southwestern boy, Catholicism was not an option. This specialized community of Catholics, who worried about having “Catholic” things, could not erode or affect a deeper and more interior and genealogical, ancestral Catholicism that had seeped into me and informed my imagination and dispositions.
Growing up in church offices and prayer meetings and weekday morning mass and lots ands lots of priests certainly helped. But there was a time when it seemed like it didn’t. I knew all the stuff, I had all the facts, I went to the right school, I could talk the talk and had walked more of the walk than most. I read the Catechism. But when certain things change and shift, foundations get shaken, and all the right answers wear threadbare, there is nothing that can prevent a fallout.
But I couldn’t, and still cannot, seem to fall out entirely. Grace, sure. Of course. But also the fact that being Catholic, for me, is not about a conference I went to or a t-shirt or a socio-cultural brand name — even a set of doctrines I understand and am willing to check off my belief list.
Mine was, still is, and always will be, a no exit Catholicism.
Catholic art is destroyed at the exact point when and where we become desperate and starving and will take anything, anything at all, so long as it is “Catholic,” and create special places for those books and CD’s at the store, so everyone can find it there, regardless of its content, just so long as it is “Catholic.”
Religious art is not what I am after here. But, in another sense, it is what I am after. What makes art religious? Its author, theme, use?
I don’t know nor do I particularly care. What I do know is that we do not need “Catholic” art. We need art. That is hard and rare enough.
Once the art is worthwhile, worthy of its class and peers and so on, then, perhaps, we might talk about its possible and present Catholicism.
I once assumed that “Catholic” music was all about use value. It you could use it at Mass, or any other sort of liturgical use, then it was “Catholic.” If you could use it at a prayer meeting or a devotional praise and worship setting, then it was “Catholic.” If it was not suitable for either of those uses, then, it was probably not “Catholic.” It always needed to have words. Sing-along music.
These two uses were really the same, and were often interchangeable, because what made for “Catholic” music was its ministerial use, which was built for participation. The word ‘performance’ was pejorative in the context of music ministry. To perform was selfish and prideful and bad.
As I improved on my instrument and my musical crafts, I began to hear the accusation of performing or of showing off. “But I’ve been playing guitar since I was five and am self-taught and these licks don’t come cheap and sound pretty good,” I would think. I would also think about how much better it would sound with a decent PA and more practice.
I soon began to realize that there was something deeply wrong with the idea that what makes something “Catholic,” especially something like music, is its use value. In fact, I began to see that the liturgy itself and the sacraments are too often disenchanted into mere utilities.
Art has no use. Liturgy is useless. Silence. God is not a life-coach.
I’ve slowly built these experiences into a type of music that already exists, but may not exist in an intentional way. There is soul music, gospel music, all kinds of religious and spiritual kinds of music out there. American music is, at its root, religious. The blues.
But there have been precious few artists who have made music that is faithful to both the religious roots of soul music, and intentionally avoid being labeled “Catholic” in a liturgical or devotional way, in order to be faithful to a deeper and more fundamental Catholicism.
Add Augustine to that and I think the picture becomes clearer still.
To restore Catholic art we need not restore anything but art itself. To restore art you just have to make it, and be very serious about it.
I am serious about this restoration and have, in many ways, spent my whole life preparing for it. I understand Augustine in a non-superficial way; I have worked on my musical craft for over twenty-five years.
I am passionate about showing and sharing this renewed sense of being Catholic that does not need to worry much about the label or the shirt tags.
But I need your help to do it. I need to get the word out to people who understand and can appreciate this sort of work. I need to find the community that is ready to help me create music that only exists in potentiality: Augustinian soul music.
Here are two samples, “Late to Love” (title track) and “Rest in You,” recorded from my study:
YouTube Preview Image YouTube Preview Image
To support or share, visit to my Kickstarter page. And thanks to everyone who has already showed support!
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Group test: what's the best audio and music software?
The best audio software packages you can buy
PC Advisor reviews the best five audio and music software you can buy in the UK right now. Updated 4 March 2011.
5. SRS Audio Essentials
SRS Audio Essentials
• Reviewed on: 2 September 11
• Rating: Rated 9 out of 10
4. Traktor Pro 2
Traktor Pro 2
• Reviewed on: 10 June 11
• RRP: €199 (around £177)
• Rating: Rated 8 out of 10
3. Apple GarageBand '11
• Reviewed on: 11 January 11
• RRP: £46 inc VAT (for full Apple iLife '11 bundle) or £8.99 (from the Mac App Store)
• Rating: Rated 8 out of 10
Were Apple GarageBand ’11 a standalone product, this largely evolutionary version might have merited a .5 release rather than a bump to a new version number. But where iLife goes, so goes GarageBand. All the changes that have been made - expanded lessons, How Did I Play, the greater variety of guitar amps and effects, and the addition of Flex Time and Groove Matching - are useful for those who take advantage of them. As both a musician and podcaster, I’ve found GarageBand to be an invaluable tool. And it remains so. If you’re one of the many people who have never bothered with it, perhaps it’s time to dig out that old keyboard or guitar and give it a try.
2. AudioTool
• Reviewed on: 27 September 10
• RRP: Free
• Rating: Rated 8 out of 10
Audiotool has a comprehensive range of instruments, mixers and effects and you can save your work online. It slows down when creating bigger projects though, and there’s not much documentation. But as free creative tools go, Audiotool is about as good as it gets.
1. Bootstrap MediaWidget
Bootstrap MediaWidget
• Reviewed on: 6 December 10
• RRP: £19.99 inc VAT
• Rating: Rated 9 out of 10
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5 ways drones are being used for good
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Random Fixes: PC Reboots, Mailto Hassles, Tiny Icons
Reader John is having a problem with his Vista-powered HP desktop: random reboots. Some days, he says, it reboots five minutes after he powers it up in the morning. Sometimes it happens later in the day, and sometimes not at all. To help narrow down the problem, check out Scott Dunn's "Make Random Reboots Tell You What's Up."
John was smart enough to send me a detailed listing of his hardware loadout, and I quickly spotted a possible culprit: mismatched RAM. His system has a pair of 512MB RAM modules and another pair of 1GB modules.
In theory, this should work fine--but in reality, it can cause problems. I suspect that the system had the two 512MB modules when John first bought it, and that he added the extra RAM to improve performance. Smart move, but if the newly introduced modules aren't exactly the same as the originals--same speed, same transfer rate, etc.--they could definitely cause random reboots.
My advice, John, would be to pull the two 512MB modules and see how the system fares. (Vista can get by just fine on 2GB.) If it still reboots without warning, try going back to just the 512MB modules. (It may not be a RAM mismatch that's causing the problem, but rather a bad RAM module.)
Keep in mind, this is just one possibility. Random reboots can also be caused by bad motherboards, glitchy video-card drivers, and other hard-to-troubleshoot items.
Set the Default Mail Client to AOL, Hotmail, Gmail, or Yahoo
If you use a Web-based e-mail client like Gmail or Yahoo, you've probably encountered this hassle before: you click a mailto link on a Web page, then watch while Windows tries to open Outlook, Windows Live Mail, or some other desktop program you don't use and haven't configured. Error messages (and possibly cursing) ensue.
There are various hoops you can jump through to configure Windows and/or your browser to direct these e-mail links to the proper destination (e.g. Gmail), but why bother? GmailDefaultMaker is a small, simple utility that does the hoop-jumping for you.
Just run the free program, then choose the default mail service you want: AOL, Hotmail, Gmail, or Yahoo. (I know: the program needs a name change.) Then go about your business. It really is that easy.
Now, whenever you click a mailto link, you'll land in the proper Web client, not an unwanted desktop program.
Resize Desktop Icons with Your Scroll Wheel
Savvy users know that the mouse wheel can do more than just scroll up and down in a document or Web page. For example, in your Web browser, if you hold down the Ctrl key and nudge the wheel, you can quickly change the font size.
What I didn't know (it's true: I don't know everything--some would say anything) is that this same tip works with desktop icons.
Specifically, if you're a Windows 7 user, you can increase or decrease the size of your desktop icons just by holding down the Ctrl key and scrolling up or down with the wheel. (Scrolling up makes them larger; down makes them smaller. Natch.)
That's about a zillion times easier than wading into the Control Panel in search of an icon-size setting.
Alas, I can't take credit for this tip; a reader submitted it to Lifehacker. But I can remind you of my all-time favorite mouse-wheel tweak: WizMouse, the free utility that makes the wheel work wherever you point your cursor--no clicking required. It's a must-have.
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note cavac <p>Sound familiar.</p> <p>Although lately, working with big databases and data files, more often enough the story ends more like "realize that the script does exactly the right thing, but $OTHERSCRIPT supplied broken data. (Junk in/Junk out principle)".</p> <!-- Node text goes above. Div tags should contain sig only --> <div class="pmsig"><div class="pmsig-890813"> "I know what i'm doing! Look, what could <i>possibly</i> go wrong? All i have to pull this lever like so, and then press this button here like <i>ArghhhhhaaAaAAAaaagraaaAAaa!!!</i>" </div></div> 996654 999596
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Don't ask to ask, just ask
Re: determine div size...
by rpnoble419 (Pilgrim)
on Aug 10, 2012 at 04:32 UTC ( #986653=note: print w/ replies, xml ) Need Help??
in reply to determine div size...
This is a very simple thing to do in JQuery. What you want really can't be done in Perl as the widths and heights you want are set once the html is rendered in the browser. By forcing a Perl solution, your guaranteeing that your solution will not work across browsers as the internal page size is set differently in IE, FF and Chrome. You should have Perl create the content of the HTML and link to a JS file to handle the on-screen formatting. This way you can handle screen resize events in the browser without having to go across the internet to your server just compute three width and height values.
This is a case of "when is a knife not a knife? When its a screwdriver."
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Perl: the Markov chain saw
Comment on
that is ugly but working
while( <> ){ while(/(E99|99)(\w+)(?=\|)|\n/){ $key .= $`; $hash{$key}++; $key = '->'.$2; $_ = $'; } } foreach (sort keys %hash){ print "$_ $hash{$_}\n" if $hash{$_} >= 2; }
run it like ./ FILE1 FILE2
output will be yours repeating lines,
accordingly == 1 will show you unique lines
P.S. and turn out warnings)
P.P.S. sorry for ugliness
In reply to Re: Comparing strings from different files by Lennotoecom
in thread Comparing strings from different files by Jalcock501
and: <code> code here </code>
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go ahead... be a heretic
Comment on
I was going to say All of the Above, however I didn't agree with Sucker. Congratulations, wonderful news!
I'll share the quote my wife's aunt shared with me the day after we got married nearly 18 years ago: "Always remember: Ain't Momma happy, ain't nobody happy. Ain't Daddy happy, ain't nobody care."
I wish you and your wife happiness, long life, and prosperity, and a love that continues to grow throught your lives!
and: <code> code here </code>
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good chemistry is complicated,
and a little bit messy -LW
Comment on
Welcome CosmoNo1,
Another way to look at this...
Everyone makes mistakes, but it's learning from those mistakes that matters!
I suspect that if you had used 'vi' or 'vim' to edit the file you would have been okay. I mentioned the 'laugh' to get it fixed quickly, not for you to stop learning.
Most system admins deal with angry users all day, so if you make them laugh and admit that you're learning, then they will probably help. Maybe start a new thread and post the code that is a problem and what you changed. Since your not under pressure, make sure you post the code within
You may be pleased to find PM a resource for the future!
Good Luck and keep Learning about Perl!
In reply to Re^3: Help, .pl file no longer works after edit by flexvault
and: <code> code here </code>
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Keep It Simple, Stupid
Re: New simple search
by Aristotle (Chancellor)
on Jul 08, 2002 at 18:04 UTC ( #180255=note: print w/ replies, xml ) Need Help??
in reply to New simple search
Again, thanks for the volunteer work. I played with the search a bit - looks nice. Might be confusing that it matches "side" for "ide" though..
Makeshifts last the longest.
Comment on Re: New simple search
(tye)Re: New simple search
by tye (Cardinal) on Jul 08, 2002 at 18:23 UTC
That is completely intentional; it does "substring" matches, as I said. Note that it also matches "PerlIde4.2" when you search for "ide" and "compiling", "compiler", and "compiled" when you search for "compil". In my experience, in such a simple interface where you can only offer one or the other, the substring behavior is much preferable (especially when searching titles).
You'll have more control with the next "Super Search".
Update: I just experimented with a change where searching for ide searches for both "ide" and " ide " which means that a node title containing " ide " gets 2 points while one that only contains something like "side" only gets 1 point. Of course, that prevents the nodes containing "editor/ide" from showing up and I'm not about to go back to regular expressions for simple search nor try to determine what a good "word boundary" is and then document all of that complexity just for the simple search. But with the addition of a "search more" option in Search results, this modification might be used.
And it gives me some ideas for "Super Search". Thanks!
- tye (but my friends call me "Tye")
I like the points system.... Though I might tweak the definition of a full-word. How about "a substring bounded by non-letters (or the ends of the string)". Something like (^|[^A-Za-z])ide([^A-Za-z]|$) That approach has worked well for me in my search engine attempt. Especially considering titles like 'Using CGI::Cookie with HTML::Template'
Like I said, I don't want to go back to using a regex for simple search and your definition only makes sense for words of letters. And, like I said, I don't really want to get this complicated and figure out and document which cases should have which kind of word boundary rules (consider "don't", "qq'", "'hi'", "0x", "%s", etc.)
Like I said, Super Search will allow more control over boundaries to use with your search terms.
- tye (but my friends call me "Tye")
Re(2): New simple search
by Cirollo (Friar) on Jul 08, 2002 at 18:26 UTC
Actually, the first match for "ide" is "infanticide" :-)
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For this progress along the road of dishonor, men of Athens, if I am to tell the truth in all candor, nobody is more to blame than yourselves. You are no longer willing to bring malefactors to justice: retribution has disappeared from our city. Yet consider how our ancestors castigated those who had done them wrong, and ask whether their way was not better than yours.
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Chris Rush's "Stare" at Mesa Arts Center Puts Viewers Face-to-Face with the Disabled
Long ago, Emily Post, that maven of manners for the would-be civilized, decreed that, ideally, you should behave around a disabled person the same way you would behave toward anyone else with no visible handicap. Important caveat: Never stare.
If that's the case, then artist Chris Rush has broken Ms. Post's cardinal rule repeatedly, even in his choice of title for the drawing retrospective at Mesa Arts Center, "Stare." The exhibition is composed of pieces from bodies of work owned and lent by 24 Arizona collectors. It includes 41 portraits of people Rush has drawn or painted over the past 15 years — some with both mental and physical disabilities. Rush's imperative invitation to stare, especially at the images of obviously disabled individuals, is the artist's way of encouraging viewers to confront and appreciate the unfathomed beauty and interest inherent in every human being, bar none.
In the past few years, the culture of disability has become increasingly popular, not to mention vocal. Books like Disability, Art and Culture, by Susan Crutchfield and Marcy Epstein, have become required reading. Depictions of Franklin D. Roosevelt without his wheelchair or crutches have come under attack by the disabled community. Mr. Magoo, the loony, near-sighted cartoon character, has been demonized as being stereotypical, and Barbie has a new plastic playmate, Share a Smile Becky, who comes with her very own wheelchair.
Rhino by Chris Rush, charcoal on antique document
Kathleen Vanesian
Rhino by Chris Rush, charcoal on antique document
Jen by Chris Rush
Jen by Chris Rush
"Chris Rush: Stare" will run through May 16 at Mesa Arts Center, 1 E. Main St. in Mesa. Visit
See more of his work in our Chris Rush slide show.
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Gone are the days of disability portrayed only as a medical model or object of morbid voyeurism and exploitation — like those captured by photographers Diane Arbus and Weegee or those in the film Freaks, a Depression-era drama about a traveling circus starring people with strange bodily and mental disabilities. Now, there's even a British sitcom called Cast Offs, an edgy mockumentary starring actors with disabilities playing characters with the same disabilities. The show pokes fun at reality TV and the way disabilities are generally portrayed.
Chris Rush has somehow managed to entirely escape issues of political correctness and disability activism in his beautifully intimate work. As he recently told his audience at MAC, "I'm an artist, an observer, not an activist. I have no agenda. These are not moral devices and this is not a dialogue with the disabled."
His declaration bears out in the work on display, which is masterful in its technical execution, no matter what the media: conté crayon, which the artist calls "a strange cousin to pastels," pen and walnut ink (or supremely messy charcoal) on antique documents and letters, or chalk on 19th-century school slate board. Rush's work is also suffused with a simple yet majestic dignity that cannot be assailed or ignored.
The artist began drawing disabled subjects while a volunteer at a facility that treated children who have physical and mental challenges. Some of his sitters have never spoken and never will; some can do nothing for themselves, relying completely on caregivers. Case in point is Stephanie, the titular girl glorified in profile in a 2000 conté drawing, her lower jaw jutting out at an impossible angle, shoulders swathed in a satin wrap. In Jen (2006), a baby with a cleft palate and stumps for arms sits quietly upright with a golden crown on her head. And we see only the soles of enormous feet, with worm-like toes sticking out from gray curtains, of a man with gigantism in Vaudeville (2003).
Stylistically, Rush is all over the art-history map, and his sources scream out at the viewer. He notes that his influences are many, including Agnolo Bronzino (1503-1572), the Florentine master who was court painter to the powerful Medici family, and the "unflinching eye" of photographer Richard Avedon, whose vision is apparent in Yellow Sunglasses (2006), a three-quarters study of a blind albino boy sporting neon yellow sunglasses and leaning against a white door, his arms lifted and hands to the back of his head. We see touches of John Singer Sargent in the sketchy finish of the torso in Vamp (2008), compositional echoes of Whistler's Mother in John with White Pumpkin (2003) (from the collection of the Phoenix Art Museum), and the admirable exactitude of Renaissance master Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) in Crown (2006), a walnut ink drawing on an 1841 Italian real estate document that depicts a monkey with a skull strapped to its head.
Many of the images in the show recall formal European court portraits of historically important people. They are in keeping with the artist's belief that we've made the subjects of masterpieces like da Vinci's Mona Lisa and Sargent's Madame X into great divas, even though they are truly unknowable — as every person is essentially unknowable. "They're actually ciphers," says Rush. "They've kept their secrets for centuries. We project onto their serious faces our own stuff; we bring them to life and time." So, too, are the subjects in Rush's work unknowable. If nothing else, with quiet elegance they stand, frozen in time, as mute testament to the fact that unknowability is the very quintessence of being human.
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Gaussian Integral Help
by TheMightyJ
Tags: gaussian, integral
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Jun26-09, 05:39 AM
P: 8
Basically, i have to find the solution to:
Int( x2 * exp (-(x-w)^2) , x= -infinity.. infinity)
2. Relevant equations
I realise this is connected to Gaussian Integration. So that if i have Int (exp(-x2), x=-infinity ... infinity) the answer is sqrt(Pi)
Also, i have read that there is a trick to solving such an integral.
you would consider F(a) = Int exp( - a * x^2) ( = sqrt(pi/a) ).
and then int dx x^2 exp(-x^2) = - F'(a) for a=1.
i understand this.
3. The attempt at a solution
Basically, the above is how i have attempted to work a way towards the solution, the trouble i am having is with a substitution i realise i must make at some point. at some point i must have x = x - w
But how do i implement this substitution??
This is my first post here, so hopefully that was somewhat clear and the relevant info is there. Thanks for any help.
2. Relevant equations
3. The attempt at a solution
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Jun26-09, 06:06 AM
P: 550
I don't know if this is the easiest solution, but you can try u = x - w. The integral splits into three integrals, which can be solved easily.
u = x-w
du = dx
Then, x = u+w, so x^2 = (u+w)^2, and the integral becomes:
[tex] \int (u+w)^2 e^{-u^2}\,du[/tex]
Jun26-09, 06:09 AM
P: 8
Will give that a try! thank you very much!
Jun26-09, 06:30 AM
P: 8
Gaussian Integral Help
Yep, tried it and it worked, brilliant, thank you!
Jun26-09, 07:30 AM
P: 8
Okay, so there is another question, similar in some ways to the previous one, but i am also having trouble. Mainly im stuck on where to start!
The integral this time is
Int ( e-(x-w)2 - j*x dx
the limits of integration are again, -infinity to infinity.
obviously there is some sort of gaussian integral stuff going on, but that "-j*x" has thrown me off, how should i deal with this?
just an idea to help me get started would be muchly appreciated, thanks!
Jun26-09, 07:32 AM
HW Helper
P: 1,495
You need to complete the square in this case. That is write (x-w)^2+jx as (....)^2+constant.
Jun26-09, 07:33 AM
P: 8
Obviously. Thank you! really not spotting obvious techniques today. Thanks for the help!
Jun26-09, 07:36 AM
P: 550
j is not the imaginary number j (or i) right? If it is, that makes matters a little different.
Jun26-09, 07:37 AM
P: 8
no no, j is just the coefficient of x. Thanks.
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Research Article
Multi-Scale Clustering by Building a Robust and Self Correcting Ultrametric Topology on Data Points
• Hsieh Fushing,
Affiliation: Department of Statistics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
• Hui Wang,
• Kimberly VanderWaal,
Affiliation: Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
• Brenda McCowan,
Affiliation: Department of Population Health and Reproduction and California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
• Patrice Koehl mail
Affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
• Published: February 12, 2013
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056259
The advent of high-throughput technologies and the concurrent advances in information sciences have led to an explosion in size and complexity of the data sets collected in biological sciences. The biggest challenge today is to assimilate this wealth of information into a conceptual framework that will help us decipher biological functions. A large and complex collection of data, usually called a data cloud, naturally embeds multi-scale characteristics and features, generically termed geometry. Understanding this geometry is the foundation for extracting knowledge from data. We have developed a new methodology, called data cloud geometry-tree (DCG-tree), to resolve this challenge. This new procedure has two main features that are keys to its success. Firstly, it derives from the empirical similarity measurements a hierarchy of clustering configurations that captures the geometric structure of the data. This hierarchy is then transformed into an ultrametric space, which is then represented via an ultrametric tree or a Parisi matrix. Secondly, it has a built-in mechanism for self-correcting clustering membership across different tree levels. We have compared the trees generated with this new algorithm to equivalent trees derived with the standard Hierarchical Clustering method on simulated as well as real data clouds from fMRI brain connectivity studies, cancer genomics, giraffe social networks, and Lewis Carroll's Doublets network. In each of these cases, we have shown that the DCG trees are more robust and less sensitive to measurement errors, and that they provide a better quantification of the multi-scale geometric structures of the data. As such, DCG-tree is an effective tool for analyzing complex biological data sets.
Advances in Information Technology have led to an exponential increase in the amount of data that scientists collect, to the extent that they are now in dire need of new methodologies to summarize and visualize the corresponding large datasets efficiently and rapidly. This is partly the reason that the studies of complex networks, and in particular the identification of community structures within these networks have become a primary focus of research in many fields [1], [2]. Interestingly, this surge in network research in social, biological, physical and mathematical sciences and numerous other fields has also brought a significant surge in the popularity of the hierarchical clustering (HC) algorithm, which was originally proposed more than half a century ago [3][5]. The main reasons for the popularity of HC methods are that they are seemingly easy to set up, their computing requirements are usually small, and they provide visual information on data at low costs. As it has become common practice now, a HC tree is constructed on the basis of a choice of a empirical relational measure, either similarity or distance, among object nodes constituting a data cloud of interest, and an ad hoc choice of module, such as complete, single linkage or many others, for prescribing “distances” among sets of nodes [5]. This tree is then conveniently perceived as being able to reveal multi-scale structural information on the data cloud, such as which nodes and which sets of nodes are close to each other. Such a convenient visual apparatus is seemingly bestowed with a “local-to-global” capability. It is not unusual for some scientists to report achieving the ideal ultimate goal of partitioning object nodes into optimally homogeneous clusters in a multi-scale fashion with the HC technique.
Are all these achievements assigned to the HC algorithm “too good to be true”? After being widely used in many scientific areas, indeed confusing questions and doubts in the validity of HC methods have been raised [6], [7]. Despite many such confusions and doubts so far there has been neither satisfactory justifications nor sustainable repudiations for the HC algorithm reported in literature. Nowadays a practitioner is more likely led to place doubts about an incoherent hierarchical clustering tree on his/her own choice of empirical relational measure for the data than on the HC algorithm itself.
Let us start with a review of Hierarchical clustering as it is the method of choice for partitioning data into subsets that share similarities. Starting with an empirical distance or similarity measure , HC proceeds by first merging the two most similar data points. All subsequent steps require a distance between groups of data points. This was solved elegantly by Lance and Williams [8], [9], who proposed a recurrence formula to compute the updated inter cluster distance values that result from the mergers which occur at each level of the procedure. The recurrence formula gives the distance between a data point and a cluster as a function of the empirical distances , and :
where , , and are parameters which define the linkage process.
An interesting property of this recurrence relation is that it usually induces a monotonic hierarchy (i.e. the values in the distance matrix increase monotonically during the agglomerative hierarchical clustering), with the exception of the centroid and median linkage methods [10]. Johnson [5] had shown that an algorithm that produces a monotonic hierarchy also induces a distance metric known as the ultrametric, i.e. that satisfies:
for all triplets , where , , and refer to any subsets of the data points. This inequality is clearly stronger that the triangular inequality of a general metric; it has been argued that it should be preserved to capture the true structure of the data set [11].
While most hierarchical clustering algorithms are designed to preserve an ultrametric, they are unfortunately very sensitive to the quality of the empirical distance measure used to compare individual data points. If this empirical distance satisfies the ultrametric inequality, also called strong triangular inequality, HC is expected to perform well. However, it is doubtful that real life data set and distance measure satisfy the ultrametric property exactly. Even if a margin of errors is allowed for each comparison, it was shown that ultrametric hierarchical clustering techniques are not robust with respect to the actual underlying cluster structure in the presence of noise in the empirical distance measure [12].
Noise however is not the only inherent problem of hierarchical clustering. The clustering structure obtained with HC is usually very complex with very many levels. Different choices of the ultrametric, such as complete linkage (i.e. pairwise maximum) or single linkage (i.e. pairwise minimum) often result in different hierarchies. As such, the ultrametric embedded in HC poorly reflects the geometry of the data cloud. Note that this ultrametric is imposed by the method, and not derived from the data. The DCG-tree procedure described in this paper is designed to alleviate this difficulty by letting the empirical distance measure and the data define the ultrametric.
The main argument we make in this paper is that a good partitioning of data into clusters can only be achieved if we have a good understanding of the data geometry and topology [13]. Many clustering techniques have been developed to reach this understanding. Most of those techniques can be formulated as a discrete optimization problem, in which case they involve two distinct steps, namely (i) the definition of some suitable cost function, and (ii), the computation of a partitioning of the data which minimizes this cost function. The number of potentially suitable cost function for clustering is arbitrarily large [14]; in fact, clustering techniques can be classified based on the similarity of their cost functions [15]. Once the cost function is defined, in principle any optimization technique can be used to solve for the optimal partitioning of the data. In practice however, exhaustive approaches are deemed intractable because of the dimensionally of the problems at hand. Many heuristic techniques have therefore been developed (for review, see Puzicha, Hofmann and Buhmann [16]. Among those, it is worth mentioning simulated annealing techniques based on Gibbs sampling [17], deterministic annealing [18], [19], and mean field annealing [20]. These three types of method have in common that they rely on a “temperature” parameter. This parameter can be optimized during the simulation to improve convergence: in the simulated annealing protocol for example, the temperature is gradually lowered, mimicking annealing process in metallurgy. It also provides the algorithm with the possibility to monitor phase transitions (i.e. cluster splits) in order to obtain a meaningful tree topology (see for example Rose [21]).
Transforming the clustering problem into an optimization problem is however not a necessity. We have recently proposed an alternate approach that is inspired from statistical physics, in par with the deterministic annealing and mean field annealing methods mentioned above, that makes use of a temperature parameter to monitor transitions, but that does not explicitly consider a cost function [22]. The main idea of this method is to embed the data geometry into a ferromagnetic potential landscape; its implementation is then based on two key observations. Firstly, it is observed that the empirical distance measure imposes a weighted graph onto the collection of data points (renamed “nodes” in this context). By equating the weight on an edge with a ferromagnetic potential, this weighted graph is seen as equivalent to a potential landscape, typically characterized by many wells with various depths. Secondly, it is possible to explore this landscape and therefore define its geometry by using the popular dynamic Monte Carlo approach. A random walk as a function of “time” will identify the many wells of the potential, as well as the probability of jumping from one well to another. An additional advantage of using dynamic Monte Carlo is that it provides a different dimension to explore the geometry of the landscape, characterized with its temperature parameter . At a high temperature , a Markovian walk on the energy landscape will transition from any node to most of the other nodes with more or less equal probabilities. At a low temperature however, the Markov chain tends to get trapped in potential wells for various periods of time depending on the sizes of the well before it can escape. These two observations led to the following two-device algorithm, named Data Cloud Geometry or DCG, for deriving the underlying multi-scale geometry of a data cloud [22]. At a given temperature , a regulated random walk on the equivalent ferromagnetic landscape as a function of “time” detects information about the number of clusters and the corresponding cluster membership of individual data points. By repeating this procedure at different temperature, the algorithm derives the geometric hierarchy of the data cloud. DCG is similar in spirit to the granular model, which achieve clustering by a sequence of phase transitions on a paramagnetic potential landscape [23], [24]. Its implementation however is simpler and more effective computationally. It has been applied to analyze fMRI data [25], as well as to study binary networks [26].
The DCG procedure originally proposed by Fushing and McAssey [22] is designed to extract unknown geometric information from a data cloud. In this paper we extend this concept and propose to summarize the information collected by DCG in the form of an ultrametric topological space, which is equivalent to a hierarchical tree, the DCG-tree that can also be represented with a Parisi matrix. We validate this approach on simulated and real data for different fields of applications with the corresponding HC-trees. We use these results to illustrate some of the key features of the method, including its robustness with respect to measurement errors, its ability to work on non convex data, and its self-correcting mechanisms. We discuss these results in comparison with similar results obtained with hierarchical clustering. We conclude with a discussion on further developments.
Overview of the DCG-tree procedure
Starting from a set of data points and an empirical measure that defines the similarity between these data points, our overall goal is to derive a multi-scale partitioning of these data that illustrates their topology. To address this challenge, we build upon our previous method, Data Cloud Geometry, which gather cluster membership information at different scales, and propose a new algorithmic method that construct an ultrametric topological space from this information, and represent it using either a hierarchical tree or a Parisi matrix. The complete procedure, which we refer to as DCG-tree, includes four main steps, namely:
1. Generate the potential landscape that represents the graph on the data points weighted with the empirical similarity measure,
2. Explore the potential landscape at different temperatures using a Dynamic Monte Carlo procedure to derive its geometry,
3. Build the ultrametric space from the information collected from these multiple Markovian walks,
4. Visualize this ultrametric space using a hierarchical tree or a Parisi matrix.
These five steps are described below. We note that the first two steps have been presented in details in the paper by Hsieh and McAssey [22]; they are outlined here briefly.
Step 1: Building a potential landscape that mimics the geometry of a data cloud
Consider a matrix , an observed empirical relational matrix of normalized similarity measures on a dataset with data points, or nodes. could be a matrix of an absolute value of correlation or simply a transformed distance matrix through the transformation with being the corresponding empirical distance between the nodes and . This matrix can be represented as a weighted graph with nodes and all possible edges having corresponding weight .
Given a temperature , a temperature-regulated potential field is endorsed on . This potential field places potential on link , instead of on node or . This temperature-regulated potential field can be characterized by the following ratio centered at node : for any ,
When , then a very small value of would create a potential well separating links and . That is, if , then link becomes a potential well. This dyad is termed a two-node motif. Similarly motifs of multiple nodes are formed via this idea of potential well.
The definition of the ratio above points to the underlying mechanism that ensures the robustness of DCG-tree. Specifically, when is relatively not too small, the differences s become less sensitive to , even in the presence of perturbations (or noise). Hence the configuration of the potential wells pertaining to is typically steady. As is being raised to a slightly higher value, all potential wells in become shallower with a base containing more links, that is, by coupling several motifs into a small cluster. This is the mechanistic dynamics in which a configuration of small clusters is revealed on .
As becomes larger, there are fewer potential wells being formed in via merging several small clusters. Hence the merging dynamics occurring along the evolution of clustering configurations defines a natural distance among clusters. This indicates that the evolution of potential field as a function of temperature indeed contains the multi-scale geometric information embedded within .
Step 2: A re-engineered MCMC method to explore the geometry of the potential landscape
We need to locate on a potential field all potential wells and identify their bases' constituents links. This is not an easy task as there hardly exists any visual geometric coordinates for links, and nodes have possibly high dimensional representations. To solve this task, we make use of the characteristics of exceedingly difficult phenomenons when sampling from the Boltzmann distribution via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) or dynamic Monte Carlo algorithm at low temperature (see also the Curie-Weiss model [27]). We re-engineer the dynamics of MCMC in order to effectively explore the entire potential field .
A Markovian transition probability matrix is calculated as where the degree matrix is defined as the diagonal matrix of row-sums . Theoretically an equilibrium trajectory of such a MCMC algorithm based on would converge to its stationary probability on with and . The convergence rate of this MCMC trajectory to is critically depending on the landscape of the potential field . For very large , is relatively flat with nearly no or only very shallow potential wells present. In this situation the convergence is very fast and there is only one cluster for all nodes. In contrast, when is small, potential wells become deeper and the number of wells becomes large on . Hence a MCMC trajectory would likely be trapped within a well for a long time before escaping from it. In this case the convergence rate would be very slow and the mixing time could be extremely large for a MCMC trajectory to cover the whole potential field .
We note however that we are primarily interested in the composition of potential wells and their base information, and not in . We re-engineer the MCMC algorithm such that it can effectively and exhaustively explore each of every potential well present on and at the same time extract the base information as motifs or cluster memberships. Here we very briefly review the two key algorithmic devices used in the re-engineered MCMC algorithm, which then called a regulated random walk.
One key algorithmic device is to remove a node after it has been visited for a fixed number of times and modify the transition matrix for the remaining nodes accordingly. Setting the threshold for the number of permitted visits to a given node to be large will result in the Markov chain exploring thoroughly the potential well this node belongs to. But a long visiting time period on every single potential well will add up to a large total computing cost for the whole exploration of the potential landscape. Here it is also understood that one single MCMC exploration does not provide enough creditable geometric information about the landscape at one temperature. Many MCMC explorations on the same landscape at various temperatures have to be performed in order to accumulate and then form reasonably accurate geometric pattern information. Therefore we need to choose the visiting threshold in a way of balancing between a given finite computing budget and a total amount of information content.
The second device is to record the profile of node-removal recurrence time, i.e. the number of successive MCMC steps between two node removals, as the regulated random walk explores . This profile gives rise to a spike of recurrence time whenever a regulated random walk enters a new potential well. Hence nodes removed between two spikes are very likely sharing the same base of a potential well. That is, each regulated random walk trajectory and its profile reveal the membership information for each potential well, either as motifs or clusters. We record this membership information as a binary matrix with 1 for two nodes sharing a potential well, and 0 otherwise. As we perform an ensemble of such regulated random walks, we generate a collection of binary potential well sharing matrices, from which we derive a cluster-sharing probability matrix .
Such a cluster-sharing probability matrix is indeed a summarizing statistic for information on the number of potential wells and their constituting members embedded in the potential field . We compute its eigenvalues and set the number of significantly non-zero ones to be the number of potential wells, say . With this information on the number of potential wells, several popular algorithms, such as K-means or spectral clustering, become applicable by using as a distance between the th and th nodes to extract the constituting base members information. This is the procedure we use for finding the motifs or clusters configuration on a potential field given a temperature .
It is worth mentioning that, to a large extent, the transitivity of cluster membership is built in into this concept of cluster-sharing probability. The cluster-sharing probability matrix becomes a foundation for our DCG algorithm.
Step 3: Building an ultrametric space from the cluster-sahring probability matrices
We address the issue of finding which, and how many s are needed for computing multi-scale information patterns on the data cloud. In fact we hardly have a priori knowledge on how many focal scales pertain to any given real-world data set or even a simulated one. Hence we apply the algorithmic computations discussed in the previous section on a wide range of values. The main expectation in our procedure is that at very large there is only one cluster that includes all nodes. This cluster is very likely a conglomerate. That is, the formation of such a single cluster must come from merging several clusters at a proper temperature according to the potential field perspective. This expectation is carried through as we go further down the merging process.
As varies from a very small value to very large value, as pointed out in [22], the process of cluster-sharing probability matrix typically evolves through a sequence of phase transitions. We empirically identify such a phase transition sequence by plotting the number of significantly non-zero eigenvalues with respect to . An illustration of such a plot is given in Fig. 1A.
Figure 1. Illustrative DCG-tree based on fMRI data.
(A) Plot of the number of clusters vs. temperature, ; (B) The DCG-Parisi matrix in level numbers of the DCG-tree hierarchy; (C) the DCG-tree.
Let us denote the sequence of critical temperatures in increasing order with giving rise to a collection of many small motifs and giving rise to one single cluster for all nodes. The data-driven temperatures in the sequence are taken as heights of energy barriers of a ground state to specify an ultrametric upon the data cloud through the following algorithm.
[Ultrametric algorithm on data cloud geometry:] Let denote the matrix of pairwise ultrametric of the nodes. This matrix is computed as follows:
A1: For each pair of nodes, we extract its cluster-sharing status sequence as:
corresponding to the temperature sequence , that is, if nodes and belong to the same motif or cluster of the clustering configuration at temperature , then , otherwise , with and ;
A2: For each pair, set .
In [A2], the increasing sequence of temperatures is taken as the free energy barriers separating the potential wells. It is a built-in self-correcting mechanism. We note that in [A1], the cluster-sharing status sequence vector may have more than one switch from 0-to-1. When this is the case, the ultrametric between the nodes and is taken to be the temperature value at which the last 0-to-1 switch occurs, which means that previous identifications are revised for robustness and coherence reasons. This construction can be easily shown to generate an ultrametric topological space.
Step 4: Representations of the ultrametric topological space
The ultrametric space can easily be represented as a clustering tree with a hierarchy of levels. This tree is named the DCG-tree.
This DCG-tree structure has an equivalent matrix representation, which we refer to as the Parisi matrix here. To construct this matrix, we arrange its row and column according to the leaves and branches of the DCG-tree. The arrangement is done in such a way that members of each ultrametric ball (i.e. sets of nodes that belong to the same group or cluster) are placed one-by-one on undivided sections along the column and row axes. The ultrametric balls are arranged according to the branching orders, that is, their merging ordering, from the bottom layer toward the top tree layer. Each entry of this matrix records the highest energy barrier separating the and nodes, that is, the ultrametric distance between the two nodes with respect to . With such an arrangement on the rows and columns, the matrix visually reveals the block-constant structures. We note that the entry recording can take a variety of measures, such as the probability of jumping over an ultrametric distance as used in [28].
The construction of an ultrametric based DCG-tree as described above differs significantly from the classical construction of a hierarchical clustering (HC) tree. We first illustrate this process on a simple example, as a proof-of-concept. We then analyze the differences between DCG-trees and HC trees on two specifically designed toy problems as well as on three well characterized real data sets. These analyses are designed to provide some answers to the question of why HC trees can be confusing, and how our DCG method can alleviate the corresponding problems.
An illustrative example
We illustrate the DCG-tree construction based on a real fMRI example. The empirical relational measurement is a wavelet correlation matrix between 106 brain regions of interest (ROIs) from an autistic participant in a neuroscience study [29]. Specifically this correlation matrix contains the pairwise correlation measurements among the 106 dimensional time series derived from the fMRI recording. The DCG-tree is seen as a multiscale summary of extracted functional connectivity patterns among the 106 ROIs. Such brain connectivity patterns can serve as a base for deriving supervised learning tests for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder [25]. Fig. 1A indicates the existence of scales, and the 6 clustering configurations are revealed from the Parisi matrix (Fig. 1B) and DCG-tree (Fig. 1C). In the supplemental material, we provide in Figs. S1A and S1B a comparison between this DCG-tree and the HC-trees generated from the same fMRI data.
Comparing DCG- and HC-tree constructions on simulated data sets
The HC-tree always starts from coupling the dyad with the smallest distance. This starting point is sensitive to any measurement errors, that is, different starting dyad could lead to significantly different tree structures. Two extremes of such structures are related to the choice between two different modules, complete and single linkage, used to conglomerate the clusters as the HC algorithm proceeds.
Five Dots Example.
Let us consider a simple scenario with five node-centers, A, B, C, D and E, on a straight line with successive distances 1, 1, 1.99 and 2.01. Upon each center on the straight line, 20 independent dots drawn from a normal distribution with standard deviation are generated twice (Fig. 2A and 2B). This five-center configuration is specifically designed to represent the “true” data structure, with as one single branch (Fig. 2GH).
Figure 2. Five Dots Example: HC-tree vs DCG-tree.
(A) and (B): Two sets of simulated data under the same setting with five dots as the centers; (C) and (D): HC-trees with complete linkage for data in (A) and (B), respectively; (E) and (F): HC-trees with single linkage for data in (A) and (B), respectively; (G) and (H): DCG-trees for data in (A) and (B), respectively.
When the complete module is chosen, there are two equally likely HC-trees that can be generated, depending on the fluctuations in the positions of the five nodes. One tree structure (Fig. 2C) is derived as follows: is the starting cluster dyad, then cluster C is pushed to couple with cluster D in the second level. Finally, on the third level, the two cluster dyads and are coupled. The second HC-tree structure (Fig. 2D) is derived as follows: is the starting cluster dyad, cluster A is then coupled with in the second level and finally the cluster dyad is formed on the third level. The same simulation scenario, but with single linkage, also results into two main tree structures (Fig. 2EF). All four HC-tree structures contains artificial intra- and inter-cluster features compared to the true one. In sharp contrast, the DCG-tree method correctly identifies the true structural triad as one single branch. This tree is constructed via the series of critical temperatures (Fig. 2GH).
Two-moon Data Example.
Next we turn to a more sophisticated scenario of a data cloud that includes 2000 nodes representing two conformations of the moon, one gibbous and one crescent, with 1000 nodes per conformation.
The DCG tree constructed from this data shows three major levels, with 2, 6, and 8 clusters, respectively, and three cluster configurations (Fig. 3ABC, Fig. S2 A). In parallel, we constructed a HC tree from the same data and extracted three different levels from this tree with 2, 6, and 8 clusters (Fig. 3DEF, Fig. S2 B). The three levels of DCG-clustering configurations reveal that each cluster exclusively belongs to one of the two moons; in addition, we clearly observe some self-correction as the algorithm moves from the 8 cluster level to the 6 cluster level. In sharp contrast, many clusters extracted by the HC procedure contain both nodes from the gibbous moon and nodes from the crescent moon. This erroneous behavior of HC is especially evident at the 2-cluster level.
Figure 3. Comparing HC-tree and DCG-tree.
(A–C) DCG tree cuts of the two moon data into 2, 6 and 8 clusters, respectively. (D–F) HC tree cuts of the same two moon data into 2, 6 and 8 clusters respectively.
Comparing DCG- and HC-tree constructions on real data sets
We illustrate several contrasting differences between the DCG and HC trees based on three real data sets. We note that in these cases, the actual geometry of the data is not known; our discussion is therefore more qualitative than quantitative.
Functional MRI Data.
We extend our analysis of the fMRI data example discussed previously. We use nine anatomic brain regions as a reference partitioning on the 106 ROIs [30]. We construct the DCG-tree and the HC-tree (Fig. 4AB). The DCG-tree is color encoded at the level of 6 clusters and the same color coding is mapped onto the HC-tree (Fig. 4B). Clearly, many clusters from the DCG-tree are being scattered in the HC-tree. Assuming that the fMRI data actually capture the characteristics of the anatomic brain regions, we quantified the DCG and HC clusterings against the reference anatomic partitioning using the Rand Index. The DCG-clustering is found to match the anatomic regions well, with a Rand Index of , compared to for the HC clustering.
Figure 4. Clustering trees for the 106 ROIs correlation matrix based on fMRI data [30].
(A) DCG-tree with coloring based on six-cluster cutoff; (B) HC-tree, colored according to the six clusters of the DCG-tree.
Cancer Gene Expression Data.
Microarray experiments represent a big hope for the diagnosis of cancers as they are expected to enable the measurements of molecular signatures of cancer cells. The main idea is to derive a correspondence between expression patterns of genes and cancer type. To reach this goal, many studies have been published in which gene expression data have been collected from cell lines of patients with known cancer pathologies. Clustering is then performed on these data, with the aim of finding groups of expression patterns that can serve as signatures of the cancer types. Here we re-analyze one such dataset from [31]. This study includes data on 203 patients, out of which 186 were affected by four types of lung cancer, adenocarcinoma (AD, 127 patients), squamous cell lung carcinomas (SQ, 21 patients), pulmonary carcinoids (COID, 20 patients), and small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC, 6 patients), and 17 healthy patients with normal lungs (NL). The original study included expression data for 3,312 genes [31]; out of those 1543 were selected as being the most informative [32]. We note that in this data set, the AD patients represent a very large majority, likely containing many subtypes. This heterogeneity may have adverse effects on the clustering procedure as it could blur the geometric structure of the data. To alleviate this problem, we first removed the AD patients, and constructed DCG- and HC-trees based on the four remaining categories (Fig. 5A and 5B, respectively). These trees then served as seeds to generate the full trees with the AD patients included (Fig. 6A and 6B for the DCG and HC trees, respectively).
Figure 5. Clustering Trees for the lung cancer data set [31] without the AD group.
(A) HC-tree; (B) DCG-tree. The color code is: yellow for NL; pink for COID; green for SCLC; blue for SQ (see text for the definitions of the different groups).
Figure 6. Clustering Trees for the complete lung cancer data set [31], including the dominant AD group (in red).
(A) HC-tree; (B) DCG-tree. The color code: red for AD; yellow for NL; pink for COID; green for SCLC; blue for SQ (see text for the definitions of the different groups).
Our primary focus is on the three categories NL, COID and SQ, as the smallest category, SCLC contains only 6 patients. We note that the DCG procedure is robust, i.e. the distances between these three categories observed in the small tree and maintained as we move to the larger tree containing all the data points (figures 5A and 6A). On the other hand, the HC procedure does not preserve the geometry of the clusters as more data are included (see figures 5B and 6B). Finally, we note that the DCG-clustering is found to match the known partitions of the full cancer data set well, with a Rand Index of , compared to for the HC clustering.
Animal behavior: Giraffe social networks.
Third, we analyze two network datasets showing the spatial patterns and social relationships observed in a population of female giraffe in Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Kenya. The biological question is: to what degree do social and spatial network structures correspond with each other? To address this issue, two DCG-trees are independently constructed for the social and spatial networks. The corresponding heatmaps reveal consistent patterns across social and spatial clustering configurations (Fig. S3 A, C). The spatial and social DCG-trees show not only rather similar hierarchical structures, but also high degrees of correspondence in their clustering configurations, which is visualized via color coding denoting individuals grouped in the same cluster of the social DGC-tree (Fig. 7 A). In contrast, the two HC-trees constructed for the same networks manifest rather different geometries: the spatial one reveals many isolated clustering branches that are inconsistent with the heatmap representation (Fig. S3 D), while the social one shows a structure that is drastically incoherent with the social DCG-tree color coding (Fig. 7 B, Fig. S3 B). See more structural comparisons in the Fig. S4.
Figure 7. Heatmaps of giraffe social association data.
(A) Re-ordered by social data DCG-tree (top axis) and spatial data DCG-tree (left axis); (B) Re-ordered by social data HC-tree (top axis) and spatial data HC-tree (left axis).
The three largest clusters identified in the social DCG-tree correspond to three communities of female giraffes, which occupy somewhat geographically distinct areas of the Conservancy. The eastern red community is spatially and socially separated from the other two by a river. The DCG-tree captures this motif in that the light blue and green communities are closer to each other than to the eastern community, both when the analysis was performed with the social data and the spatial data. However, the HC-tree fails to capture this structural aspect of the data. Further, the social HC-tree groups sub-clusters within the eastern community are as equally distant from each other as from clusters across the river. With both the social and spatial data, the HC-tree also fails to group sub-clusters within the green community as part of the same larger cluster.
Linguistics: Lewis Carroll's Doublets network.
There is a popular English word game called “Doublets”, which was first introduced by the English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll), the author of “Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865)”. A network of Doublets can be constructed based on this game. The nodes of this network are set to all English words and a link is created between two nodes if the corresponding words share the same letters, except one (for example, DIVEDIREWIREWIPE). Obviously, two words are connected if they have the same length. The whole network is therefore divided into non-connected sub-networks. There are three major connected sub-networks for 7-letter words. Here we consider the smallest one which contains 393 nodes. In order to apply the two clustering algorithms considered here on this sub-network of words, we need a proper measurement distance for all pairs of node. There are many ways to define such a distance measure, as illustrated in one of our previous studies [26]. A very natural measure between two nodes and is to consider the sum of edge betweenness along a shortest path linking and , where the “betweenness” of an edge is defined as the number of shortest paths between pairs of nodes that run along . With this definition of a distance, the 7-letter sub-network considered here is transformed into a complete weighted graph.
The DCG-tree of the 7-letter Doublets network, as shown in Fig. 8A, consists of two layers of community structures: one 8-community (with 2 outliers) at a lower temperature and one 3-community at a higher temperature. The composition of these communities usually reveals distinct English word structures with respect to linguistic constraints of phonological rules or even redundancy. It is clear from the computed DCG-tree that its bottom layer contains a dominant community. This community acts like a large magnetic hub that absorbs nearby small communities successively as temperature increases. In contrast, HC clustering does not reveal the presence of this large community, as shown in Fig. 8B.
Figure 8. An example from linguistic.
Panel (A) shows the DCG-tree of the smallest Doublets sub-network of 7-letter words, that contain 393 nodes (see text for details). Panel (B) shows the corresponding HC-tree, with the leaves colored according to the DCG-tree clustering; six clusters, labeled , are present when the HC-tree is cut at the level of the dashed line; in panel (C), the network is shown with color markings based on the eight clusters obtained from DCG-tree; finally, in panel (D) the network is shown with colors based on the six clusters labeled in the HC-tree given in panel (D); the color scheme is: 1-yellow, 2-light purple, 3-white, 4-light grey, 5-dark grey, and 6-black.
We have developed a new algorithm that constructs an ultrametric space on a data cloud from the knowledge of an empirical distance measure on the data, and derive an ultrametric tree on this space. This algorithm is based on our previous work on data cloud geometry [22]. Briefly, this algorithm proceeds as follows. The empirical relational measure is transformed into a temperature-regulated potential defined on the links between the nodes. Based on this potential, we extract at very low temperature a collection of motifs, which become building blocks for growing clusters via data-driven merging dynamics as temperature is being raised slowly. A series of phase transitions on this merging dynamics is identified at a series of critical temperatures. These steps are the basis of the DCG procedure described in our previous work [22]. These temperatures are then taken as energy barrier heights to define an ultrametric topology onto the data cloud as it is a system on a ground state. This topology provides measurable and natural distances between clusters. These are the novelties introduced in this paper.
From an information theoretical perspective, the goal of partitioning object nodes into optimally homogeneous clusters is closely related to Kolmogorov's algorithmic sufficiency [33]. On each level of the tree hierarchy, the presence of a cluster indicates that its members uniformly share a typicality. It is known that a perfect partitioning can only be achieved if the properties of the data points are fully captured by a relational measure. It is unfortunately also known that this kind of measure is not likely to be available in real cases. We note that our cluster-sharing probability provides a means for approximating such a typicality, and that the DCG-tree is one step closer to reaching an optimal partitioning of data.
The importance of generating an ultrametric topological structure is related to issues of how to perform randomization or bootstrapping on an observed data cloud. These are pressing issues in biological and many other scientific researches [34], [35]. Ideally any randomization or bootstrapping procedure is meant to generate a surrogate data cloud that is resembling the observed one. An ultrametric tree can serve as the skeleton that has to be maintained in order to sustain the resemblance. That is, the randomization or bootstrapping procedure is applied subject to the constraint of maintaining this skeleton. One effective way of fulfilling this constraint is to work within block-boundaries of Parisi matrix. We are currently working on implementing these ideas.
The two simple toy problems highlight two significant issues with the HC procedure: (i) it is very sensitive to measurement errors and their consequences on distance information and triangular inequalities, and (ii) it is likely to yield artificial intra- and inter-cluster structural information. These two “features” can significantly affect the applicability of the HC method on real world problems. Firstly, it is difficult to be confident in its ability to find motifs that can then be used as building blocks for larger clusters. Secondly, the problems highlighted on this simple test case with a small number of nodes are likely to propagate for much larger data clouds.
The difficulties to extract a robust tree with HC are attached to the concept of distances: the HC procedure relies on an empirical distance measure to detect similarities between nodes in the data; this distance measure is somewhat subjective and very sensitive to measurement errors, as highlighted with the five dot example described above. In addition, the HC procedure needs a distance measure between clusters of nodes. For this, it relies on modules (such as single and complete linkages). These modules are sensitive to measurement errors; in addition, they are also very sensitive to the geometry of the intermediate clusters generated in the merging process. Finally it is important to note that the HC-tree building procedure is deterministic, without any built-in mechanisms for revising previous levels of decision making. A single early mistake can therefore have far reaching effects. Among such effects, we list the creation of many isolated clusters, as observed in Fig. S5A on a real data set. A HC-tree built with the single linkage module is also likely to reveal extreme structural features that grow by including one node at a time, finally resulting in one single branch tree (Fig. S1B and Fig. S5B). This confusing growth pattern seems to be very common, especially when nodes are spread out spatially. This leads to the multi-scale structure information being totally blurred.
We have observed that in comparison, DCG trees are more robust, less sensitive to measurement errors, and provide information on the intrinsic scales embedded within the data cloud under study. We believe that the success of the DCG method is a consequence of two built-in mechanisms. Firstly, the DCG method is designed to replace the empirical distance measure with an effective ultrametric distance that reflects the underlying structure of the data. This is achieved through the characterization of the field potential built on the links in the data (see the description of the DCG method above). This ultrametric is much less sensitive to measurement errors. Secondly, the DCG-tree constructed via procedure [A1] and [A2], has a built-in mechanism to revise previous clustering decisions.
We note that the DCG procedure comes with a high computational cost compared to HC. Let us provide a rough estimate of the computing complexity of DCG. The action of removing nodes one-by-one in the re-engineered MCMC procedure makes the computing cost grow quadratically with respect to the number of nodes for one single exploration. That is, a single exploration with denoting the threshold on the number of permitted visits incurs a computing cost of order . Suppose that we want to build an ensemble of exploration runs at each temperature; the computing complexity for these runs is then of order of . If we decide to make a sequence of temperatures for the whole geometric information, then the total computing cost for the entire MCMC explorations on is of order . , and are not independent of : they have to be adjusted to slowly grow as increases. Assuming that at the minimum, this growth is logarithmic, a rough estimate of the computational complexity of our algorithm is therefore of order of . This needs the compared to the complexity of the HC procedure, which is ). We are currently working on faster implementations of DCG to alleviate this problem.
Supporting Information
Figure S1.
HC trees of fMRI data. (A) HC tree with complete linkage; (B) HC tree with single linkage.
Figure S2.
Clustering Trees for Two-moon Data. (A) DCG Tree; (B) HC Tree with complete linkage.
Figure S3.
Heatmaps of social association and spatial 75 association female adult giraffe data. (A) Heatmap of social data based on social DCG tree; (B) Heatmap of social data based on social HC tree; (C) Heatmap of spatial 75 data based on spatial DCG tree; (D) Heatmap of spatial 75 data based on spatial HC tree.
Figure S4.
Heatmaps of social association female adult giraffe data. (A) Heatmap of social data based on social DCG tree (top) and spatial DCG tree (left), colored by spatial DCG tree cut; (B) Heatmap of social data based on social HC tree (top) and spatial HC tree (left), colored by spatial DCG tree cut; (C) Same as (A), displayed as in contrast to (D); (D)Heatmap of social data based on social HC tree (top) and spatial HC tree (left), colored by spatial HC tree cut.
Figure S5.
HC tree of giraffe social association data. (A) Complete linkage; (B) Single linkage.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: HF BM PK. Performed the experiments: HF HW KV. Analyzed the data: HF HW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HW. Wrote the paper: HW HF PK.
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Website of the Day: Museum of Bad Art
As much as I can appreciate a one-of-a-kind print on Etsy or at the MoMA's Color Chart exhibit, I'm no art snob. I like it all — including stuff that's not quite Louvre worthy, and I've found where to get my fix of it: The Museum of Bad Art!
MOBA, the deliciously ironic acronym, houses an online collection of art that's creepy, odd, and just plain bad, as well as works that came from great artists that inexplicably ended up bad.
Yes, some are so bad they're good, and some, to quote Ghost World, go "past good and back to bad again." And some, like with "Mama and Babe", pictured here, are just plain nightmarish. Pick up the poster version and horrify your friends!
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How To Replace A Fender
By John Decker
March 9, 2006 12:00 AM
Pickup truck owners have lots of friends. My pickup is regularly borrowed to move everything from cordwood and college kids to upright pianos and snowblowers. When it was new I always rode shotgun to make sure my truck didn't get banged up, but that grew old once I realized I would always be the mover's helper.
Then a friend accidentally ran the right-front corner into a low post--doing just enough damage to the fender to exceed his ability to pay for it, but not enough damage to exceed my deductible.
Fortunately, only the fender was smacked, so I reasoned I could buy a new one and easily bolt it on myself. Modern basecoat/clearcoat paints make a professional refinishing job very easy with nothing more than an air compressor and spray gun, as long as you're willing to color-sand and buff out the finish once it's dry.
Even paint matching--once the bane of all would-be auto painters--is simple, thanks to the modern paint-matching equipment that many well-equipped auto stores have. Basecoat/clearcoat paints are extremely forgiving to apply. To choose the proper paint color, find the paint code, which is usually located on a doorjamb or the trunklid. If you can't find the code, take a piece of the car, like the gas cap, that has the original paint to the paint store and have them match it with their machine.
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5 Unusual Things to Make With Duct Tape
Duct tape: Life's do-it-all adhesive. In their new book How To Do Absolutely Everything, our friends at Instructables gathered dozens of their best projects in book form, including these clever ways to use duct tape.
Duct Tape Hammock
If the chill of January has you longing for long summer afternoons, get to work on this project. When the sun comes out you'll be ready for some duct tape-supported snoozing.
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Gift Guide 2013: Our Holiday Gear & Gadget Picks
Back Next
Philip Friedman
Kammock Camping Hammock
Kangaroos have been known to sleep among trees during the day, and you can snooze like the most marsupial of them with Kammock's new ROO Camping Hammock ($100), inspired by none other than the pouch-bearing critters themselves. The lightweight hammock is made of Kammock's ripstop fabric, so it's tough, but it's also tiny when it needs to be: Though the hammock can comfortably seat two, it folds up into its attached water-resistant compression sack, which is roughly the size of a melon. Also included with the ROO are two carabiners and two sturdy Python straps, which live in a separate pouch and allow you to sling the hammock between any two trees substantial enough that are between 12 and 15 feet apart. Plus, with every ROO purchased, Kammock gives a treated mosquito net or health education to a family in Africa to fight malaria, so you can do good while you rest easy.
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Magnatone Giveawya
August Issue
more... VideosDaily NewsGear-Show Demo
LAG Guitars Acoustic Models
PG's Chris Burgess is On Location in Frankfurt, Germany, for Musikmesse '09 where he visits the LAG Guitars booth. In this video segment, we get out first look at several of LAG's acoustic models including, Autumn, Spring, Summer and Winter. Each series features a variety of wood choices (koa, spruce, maple, mahogany) and several variations of LAG's onboard electronics. In addition, we see some of LAG's MASTER series guitars handmade in southern France.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/104060
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Magnatone Giveawya
August Issue
more... VideosGearEffectsDaily NewsGear-Show DemoNAMM 2011TC Electronic
NAMM '11 - TC Electronic Tone Prints Demos
PG's Joe Coffey is On Location at the 2011 NAMM Show where he visits the TC Electronic booth. In this segment, we get a demo of the new line of TC Electronic effects--the Tone Print stompboxes. These new pedals -- Corona Chorus, Flashback Delay & Looper, Vortex Flanger, Shaker Vibrato and Hall of Fame Reverb -- deliver tones right out of the box and feature a true bypass and analog-dry-through design that guarantees maximum tonal integrity and ultimate clarity. A small footprint, easy battery access and super high-grade components complete these awesome pedals. In short, they combine simplicity and flexibility with unrivaled sound quality. All these new pedals feature a new concept called 'TonePrint' that gives users instant access to the sounds of their favorite guitar heroes. A TonePrint isn't just a static preset, it's a complete re-tuning of the pedal including the sound and how the pots react -- everything that makes a pedal unique. TC Electronic has collaborated with some guitarists in the world -- such as John Petrucci, Ron 'Bumblefoot' Thal, Joe Perry, Orianthi and Doug Aldrich -- to create the first batch of TonePrints, but that's just the beginning. The list of contributing artists will expand massively in the future. A simple USB cable connects these pedals to any PC or Mac for the actual Tone Transfusion. Each pedal is capable of holding one TonePrint at a time, but the concept is unlimited as users can swap TonePrints as many times as they want. All of these custom made TonePrints can be downloaded at TC Electronic's website -- it's easy, fast and totally free!
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Please select a school type.
• What You Need to Know About Scholarships
related articles
you might also like…
Most people know that scholarships are gift aid, or money that you don't have to pay back. If that's all you know about scholarships, however, then keep reading!
Scholarships are a type of merit–based aid. Most scholarships spotlight academic achievement but some are available for a variety of talents and situations. For example, you can receive a scholarship for athletic accomplishments, for pursuing a program of study, for writing a moving essay, for being a child of a veteran, etc. (Many scholarships do have a need–based component as well.)
Where Does This Money Come From?
There's a romantic notion that a number of scholarships go unclaimed, and the enterprising student who uncovers them will be handsomely rewarded. Not true. Most of the scholarships awarded to students come from the schools they respectively attend. This means that a student wins a scholarship from Duke and collects that money when she enrolls in Duke. If she decides to enroll in Michigan State, she obviously cannot collect an award from Duke.
There are, of course, outside organizations that sponsor scholarships such as the Dell Scholars Program, the Coca–Cola Scholars and the Sallie Mae Fund. Usually, these can be applied to any school of your choosing.
Don't fool yourself – the competition for these awards is intense!
When You Win, Know What You're Getting
If you win a full scholarship, you have good reason to celebrate! But you are not completely off the hook. A full scholarship will most likely only cover the cost of tuition. This is great, but it won't cover the entire cost of attendance (COA). The COA includes room and board, insurance, transportation, the cost of books and other fees.
A comprehensive scholarship, on the other hand, covers the entire cost of attendance.
I Won This Year – How About Next Year?
A non–renewable scholarship is wonderful, but it's a one–time award. You won't see that credit on your bill next year. Renewable scholarships can continue for subsequent years, usually when a student meets certain conditions like maintaining a certain GPA.
If you win a renewable scholarship, know exactly what you must do to continue receiving the money!
Scholarships Are Needles in a Haystack
Finding scholarships that you qualify for is just as difficult as earning one from a pool of competitors. Apply to every scholarship for which you're eligible. Don't count on a scholarship paying for your entire education. It happens, but to the smallest percent of students.
• Ask an Educational Advisor
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Diving into Codeacademy's API Lessons
Ajay Ohri
Jan. 31 2013, 01:00PM EST
Codeacademy has just launched its program for APIs for open release. The well known Codecademy is a team of hackers working hard to build a better way for anyone to teach, and learn, how to code. Their investors have been Union Square Ventures, Index Ventures, Kleiner Perkins, O'Reilly, SV Angel, Thrive Capital, CrunchFund, Collaborative Fund, Founder Collective, Yuri Milner, Vivi Nevo, Richard Branson, and several others. Codeacdemy's existing products have been in teaching:
→ JavaScript
→ Python
→ Ruby
The Introduction to APIs course is quite basic though-even though it boasts of marquee names like Hilary Mason of Bit.ly as content creators- The chapters are as follows-
What they have done is used gamification and online tools for making learning both fun and installation-hassle free. It makes learning to code just as fun as playing a Zynga game. Maybe even more. You can use it for your internal training, and if you are an experienced developer, you can even contribute content and sign up as in instructor to Codeacademy.
The ease of navigation does away with any of the installation processes of software like Python etc. This particularly helps remove a bottleneck for newbie programmers. It can also be considered as a cloud way of doing technical education instead of the PC (install,troubleshoot, learn, troubleshoot) era.
Overall, I am hoping Codeacademy introduces more platforms and languages (especially R!) to its Introduction to APIs , and follows it up with an advanced API course. I also hope experienced developers as well as API owners can contribute tutorials to craft request to their well known APIs (Google APIs?) , and their time to create feedback and content for global online education. As some one wisely said " Programming is the most fun you can have with your clothes on (although clothes are not mandatory)" .
I did the API lessons in Python, Java Script and Ruby. Some of the content is duplicated across the three courses- and it can be a bit confusing for the noice learner(that's me!) . Maybe a tabular form for basic syntax revision can help especially for someone who wants to use Python for an API that is not covered by Python requests but by Ruby in the course. I noted that even when I passed the course it takes me some time to recollect if I revisit the course material again. The following APIs are also covered as of now.
Using Javascript:
1) Youtube API
2) Soundcloud API
3) Parse API
Using Ruby:
1) Twilio
2) SendGrid
There is also an issue with daily limits being exceeded in requests (like the SendGrid API). The API courses also differ in difficulty levels depending on course creator- some courses are just copy and paste from the hint- while others can bog you down. In addition sometimes the Codeacademy console just hangs- a quick turnaround was to refresh the page ( I was on Firefox 18.0 - Win7 but with some plugins.) Ideally I would like to do any of the APIs in any of the three languages being supported right now.
In addition Codeacademy has promised a coming soon course for Stripe API. It also has an interesting offer for API developers trying to make API learning easier by offering them a chance to create a new course here!. This is an interesting development. Will Coursera have an API course ? Lets hope so , too. I hope Codeacdemy creates it's own API for creating or accessing courses like the Khan Academy , the pioneer in online education does here.
Add some REST to programming, and learning APIs is quite easy even for people who have stayed away from the API revolution!
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Information about Herb Abram's Universal Wrestling Federation
• The Universal Wrestling Federation was owned and booked by Herb Abrams.
• The promotion aired "Fury Hour" on a less than regular basis on SportsChannel America from 1990 through 1993.
• 30-minute versions of the show aired on ESPN2 in 1995.
• Full episodes aired on ESPN Classic Canada in 2004.
• DirecTV also began airing highlight shows in 2004.
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Neuronal Plasticity and Mood Disorders
Neuronal Plasticity and Mood Disorders
Psychiatric Times October 2005
Issue 11
The ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions is the most fundamental feature of the nervous system. At the neurobiological level, this adaptation corresponds to neuronal plasticity, defined as the lifelong ability of the brain to reorganize neural pathways based on new experiences. Reorganization is robust during early postnatal development and declines thereafter, but experiences shape neuronal networks to a more limited extent in the adult brain as well (Berardi et al., 2000). Plasticity may involve neurogenesis and neuronal death, formation or pruning of neuronal connections, or changes in the strength of existing connections. Data from the last decade have suggested that abnormalities in the development and information processing in the neuronal networks involved in emotional processes may at least partially underlie mood disorders (Castrén, 2005; Charney and Manji, 2004; Duman et al., 1997; Nestler et al., 2002). Therefore, plasticity of neuronal networks may be a necessary component in successful antidepressant treatments, including pharmacological and psychological therapies. Introduced here will be the principles of neuronal development and activity-dependent neuronal plasticity. The recent data suggesting the role of these processes in mood disorders and antidepressant action will be reviewed. Evidence supporting and contradicting the role of neuronal plasticity in depression has recently been reviewed elsewhere (Castrén, 2005).
Information in the brain is believed to be encoded in vast and overlapping networks of interconnected neurons. Since there are more neurons in the brain than there are DNA base pairs in the human genome, and each neuron makes a connection with hundreds of other neurons, it is obvious that the genomic information cannot code for more than a basic layout of neuronal connections in the brain. The fine-tuning of neuronal connectivity is achieved through neuronal plasticity, a process that depends on neuronal activity and environmental experiences (Katz and Shatz, 1996).
The Figure depicts the steps in the formation and refinement of neuronal networks. (Due to copyright concerns, the Figure cannot be reproduced online. Please see p44 of the print edition--Ed.) Network formation begins with "trial contacts" between individual neurons (Figure, top panel a) (Hua and Smith, 2004). These initial contacts are mainly thought to be formed stochastically, though it is probable that they are to some extent guided by genetic information. The fate of these trial contacts depends on how effectively they mediate relevant information. Active neurons release a neurotransmitter that, in turn, stimulates the release of a neurotrophic factor from the postsynaptic side (Figure, middle panel a). The bidirectional "discussion" over the synapse mediated by the neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factor leads to the stabilization of an active synapse, whereas inactive trial synapses, which cannot stimulate the release of the neurotrophic factor, get pruned away (Figure, lower panel a). In this way, those contacts that best mediate information get stabilized as new synapses (Cohen-Cory, 2002; Hua and Smith, 2004). Therefore, the connectivity and shape of a dendritic tree of an individual neuron are not determined genetically, but form in interaction with the environment, exactly as the branching and outline of a tree is shaped by the availability of light.
If two neurons innervate the same target neuron and are active at the same time (Figure, middle panel b), they can cooperate and get stabilized with a level of activity that is lower than that required for a single neuron, whereas neurons active off-beat are weakened and eliminated (Figure, lower panel b) (Poo, 2001; Thoenen, 1995). This is the basis for the formation of networks of coherently active neurons: "Neurons that fire together, wire together" (Katz and Shatz, 1996). Since neuronal activity reflects environmental stimuli, the activity-dependent neuronal plasticity gradually tunes the networks to optimally code for environmental information.
The critical process is not the formation of neurons or synaptic connections, which are made in excess, but the selection of the useful neurons and connections and the elimination of inactive ones, a process that optimizes signal-to-noise ratio. This could be likened to tuning a radio: Increasing volume (production of more neurons or synapses) does not help if the radio is tuned between stations, but optimal tuning (stabilization of active synapses and elimination of inactive ones) makes the broadcast intelligible even at low volume.
A well-characterized example of an activity-dependent network formation is the development of cortical maps in the sensory cortical areas to reflect their environmental input (Katz and Shatz, 1996). For example, if one of the eyes is covered during a critical period of postnatal development, the projections originating from this eye are inactive and get pruned in the visual cortex, which gradually gets almost exclusively innervated by connections originating from the open, active eye. If the covered eye is not opened before the end of the critical period, the dominance of the open eye gets stabilized and the covered eye remains amblyopic, even if it is opened in adulthood.
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Image of Tikki Tooki
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/104153
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Short Christmas Quotes
I'm Santa Claus
Oy kid, there's no Santa
Dear Santa, I want it all!
It's been a good Christmas
It will be a white Christmas
Nobody shoots at Santa Claus
She's a warm fart at Christmas
Jeff got me these for Christmas
It was our busiest Christmas ever
Joy resounds in the hearts of those
It is kind of like Christmas in August
Christmas, my child, is love in action
I was like a kid on Christmas morning
Christmas isn't a season. It's a feeling
I want to get it done before Christmas
Sugar and Spice makes Christmas nice!
May all the joys of the season be yours
Let's be naughty and save Santa the trip
The Forgotten Helper: A Christmas Story
May Peace be your gift at Christmas and
Christmas makes everything twice as sad
Who believe in the miracle of Christmas!
The Christmas spirit is not what you drink
Christmas is over and Business is Business
It's become kind of a Christmas confession
A good conscience is a continual Christmas
Christmas is not a date. It is a state of mind
I can't wait to go see him. It's like Christmas
No one's buying video games this Christmas
It was a good Christmas present for us to win
It'll be a Christmas tree as long as I'm around
The Christmas season can be very hectic here
Wishing you harmony and love this Christmas
Christmas is the Disneyfication of Christianity
It's like Christmas when we open these boxes
Santa Claus, a Wonder Story for Little Children
All the world is happy when Santa Claus comes
Christmas without elves isn't a Christmas at all
Who's there? Mary Mary who? Mary Christmas!
We got started right after the Christmas season
My first thought was, bail 'em out for Christmas
I'm so excited, I feel like a little kid at Christmas
We feel like kids at Christmas, with a lot of gifts
Christmas is the day that holds all time together
All right, make up a list of who is naughty and nice
God is a Republican, and Santa Claus is a Democrat
I just wrote "Merry Christmas John" on my balloon
Santa Claus has the right idea: visit people once a year
More Christmas Quotes:
Business Christmas Quotes (15) Cool Christmas Quotes (12) Merry Christmas Quotes (18)
Children Christmas Quotes (17) Cute Christmas Quotes (33) Nice Christmas Quotes (15)
Christmas Eve Quotes (8) Family Christmas Quotes (10) Quotes About Christmas (17)
Christmas Food Quotes (11) Famous Christmas Quotes (32) Religious Christmas Quotes (12)
Christmas Friendship Quotes (10) Friends Christmas Quotes (17) Sad Christmas Quotes (13)
Christmas Gift Quotes (23) Funny Christmas Quotes (14) Sarcastic Christmas Quotes (19)
Christmas Holiday Quotes (14) Great Christmas Quotes (12) Short Christmas Quotes (48)
Christmas Love Quotes (19) Happy Christmas Quotes (11) Silly Christmas Quotes (22)
Christmas Shopping Quotes (18) Inspirational Christmas Quotes (18) White Christmas Quotes (9)
Christmas Tree Quotes (16) Lonely Christmas Quotes (11) Christmas Quotes (Main)
Christmas Wishes Quotes (10) Meaning of Christmas Quotes (27) Home
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Formal comment #62 (defect) Lexical scoping violation for internal define-syntax. Reported by: Andre van Tonder Component: macros Version: 5.91 Component : Expansion process Pages : 27-28 Dependencies: Sections 9.3 (Syntax definitions) Description In the following example, the expansion algorithm, as described in r6rs, will consider (bar x) an expression and throw a syntax violation stating that expressions may not precede definitions. (let ((bar 1)) (bar x) (define-syntax bar (syntax-rules () ((bar x) (define x 1)))) x) This syntax error violates lexical scoping, specifically the sentence "Keyword bindings established by define-syntax are visible throughout the body in which they appear, ..." on p. 29. By lexical scoping, the result should be 1. I think it can be made 1 if the expansion algorithm is made multi-pass (see below). I am unsure if this case is covered by the constraint on p.28, which reads: "It is a syntax violation if the keyword that identifies one of the body forms as a definition (derived or core) is redefined by the same definition or a later definition in the same body." When (bar x) is expanded, it is not yet known that bar will be a keyword. In any case, bar is never "re"-defined. Even if it is intended to be covered by the constraint, it will not be detected by the algorithm in the first paragraph on page 28. Suggestion Perhaps lexical scoping with internal define-syntax can be better handled by a multipass expansion algorithm instead of single-pass. On each pass, the expansion process would restart, using syntax definitions discovered on previous passes, until no more syntax definitions are discovered. It seems that such an algorithm would give the result 1 above. The implied reprocessing of forms, however, may cause problems with macros that update expand-time state (e.g. record definitions). RESPONSE: A multipass expansion algorithm is indeed potentially expensive and may indeed cause problems with transformers that have side effects. We will attempt to clarify the constraint in the next draft but will not adopt the multipass algorithm.
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Accessibility Page Navigation
Lisa Thomas Poetry Competition
The Lisa Thomas Poetry Prize
This is an annual prize open to anyone connected with mental health which will take place during the Spring each year with prizes being awarded at the Spring Biannual Meeting. There are three prizes, 1st Prize £300, 2nd Prize £150 and 3rd Prize £50.
2014 Competition
We received 36 entries for the competition this year and as usual it was a challenge to pick out the winning entries. The judges were Dr Sean Lynch, Dr Charles Montgomery and James Gregory. Below are the winning entries:
1st Prize - Nuances
by David Cook
2nd Prize - Lost Boy
by Roxanne Parris
You'll learn something new about eloquence
when the power fails you.
While speaking you feel doubtful
of the approaching preposition
and stumble.
As you strain to make a point
your words become sombre
and stay grounded.
You recover
but are discouraged
and swerve the final flourish
though it worked before.
There's a related problem
of nuances and scruples
which touches the self less closely.
For that reason
the jolt comes later.
It's the failure to hear as urgent
the recurring note of despair:
never starkly present
breaking against a self-concealing shame,
someone's parlyings with life
in the days before ending it.
How can I help you mend your broken mind?
The brain that tells a body to destroy itself
To fill its belly with strong cider
And its vessels with junk
What is your mind trying to escape?
Was the childhood we shared too normal?
Not normal enough?
Did our sibling squabbles scar you?
Around we watch, helpless
Deceived and deflated
Every £5 begged "for food"
Adds more poison
To the legal ration supplied daily
We mourn the bright mind
The uncle to my daughter
The son to our parents
The life that might have been
But your mind keeps on breaking
Your life keeps on breaking
And our hearts turn to stone
3rd Prize - Magnificat
by Andrew Robinson
There's a naked woman at the madhouse
cleaning the windows. The window-cleaner
at the madhouse is a naked woman.
The naked woman window cleaner
is at the madhouse. How the same thing said
differently's different! Is she a patient?
Or a member of staff? Inside or out? Or
is she falsely, by delusional
or prankster patients, reported naked?
Or, is it a naturist madhouse, where
only the deranged, as a temporary
measure of therapy, are afforded clothes?
All these questions! What's easy to miss is
that the windows get cleaned, whether to let
light in or the mad see out. Or, might it not
be a woman at all, but a virgin?
Hello. Don't be afraid. Here's life's
work for you. All the world will find it knows
you and what you do. As sunshine through clear glass
comes, leaving the pane absolutely
untouched, so you will carry and bear
the word by which the world and all that is
makes sense of itself, becoming through you
entirely human. Faced with this, no wonder
the girl finds it an altogether pure
and rational response (whether the world
finds her mad, or sane, is a silly
irrelevant question) to clean the windows.
Make a Donation
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No Longer Available
MTD 717-1237
MTD Logo
MTD Authorized Substitution
The part number 717-1237 has been changed to part number 753-0558. While the new part may look different, this is a MTD approved substitution.
Please note that the price and availability shown is for the new part number 753-0558.
Part number 753-0558 has been discontinued by MTD. We apologize for the inconvenience.
Brand MTD
Old Part Number 717-1237
New Part Number 753-0558
Condition New
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/104184
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Snapper 7054002
Snapper Logo
Snapper Authorized Substitution
The part number 7054002 has been changed to part number 7054002YP. While the new part may look different, this is a Snapper approved substitution.
Please note that the price and availability shown is for the new part number 7054002YP.
New Packaging...Same Part!
The part number 7054002YP was previously sold under the Snapper brand. This part is now being branded and sold under Briggs & Stratton.
Brand Snapper
Old Part Number 7054002
New Part Number 7054002YP
Condition New
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/104190
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UPenn researchers need viewer feedback about Biggest Loser, Starting Over, Queer Eye, and What Not to Wear
University of Pennsylvania researchers need your help as they try to find out “what audiences think about some of the most popular television makeover shows.” They want to know if they’re “trash television or inspiring entertainment.”
Specifically, the researchers want feedback from viewers who’ve watched either The Biggest Loser, Queer Eye, Starting Over, or What Not to Wear.
Each show has its own survey, and among other questions, the surveys ask what you like and dislike about the shows, and how often you watch them. Since they’re an academic institution, they won’t use your confidential responses for evil, and promise they’ll be used “only for academic purposes (not market research).”
Makeover Shows [Annenberg School For Communication at the University of Pennsylvania]
about the writer
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[–]BrontosaurusBros 3 points4 points
Not always so. At my middle school they were mostly in wheelchairs, diapers and drooled. Not trying to be mean, just honestly describing their state. Most of them didn't talk. Just grunts, and frowns or smiles.
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all 1 comments
[–]FelicianoXdr ƒelιcιαησ 0 points1 point
One thing you can do if you're on Windows:
Task Manager -> Performance Tab -> Resource Monitor -> Network Tab
There you can see a list of what programs are using your network and how many bytes are being transferred, if there's a program in that list transferring a lot of data and you don't need it open while on HaxBall, just close the program. (Make sure you don't end important processes like svchost.exe, if in doubt just google it)
Hope this helps and sorry for my English if I messed up anything ;P
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Nimbus Two Thousand
Two thousand stripling warriors
The two thousand stripling warriors, also known as The Army of Helaman, were an army of young men in the Book of Mormon, first mentioned in the Book of Alma They were extremely valiant and loyal warriors who were all reportedly wounded at one time, but none ever died from their wounds.
Book of Mormon
Historical roots
The story of the stripling warriors presents an interesting so-called juxtaposition of pacifism and militarism among believers. The Ammonite parents of the stripling warriors were the last of a thread of pacifists, dubbed such by a few modern-day readers, and martyrs in the Book of Mormon that begins with the prophet Abinadi's appearance to King Noah in the highlands of Nephi. The progression proceeds as follows:
• Abinadi is martyred, sealing his testimony in his own blood, after preaching before the court of King Noah and his wicked priests. The preaching and martyrdom lead to the conversion of one of the priests, Alma.
• Alma and his followers fled from the armies of King Noah into the wilderness. King Noah is eventually slain and his son, Limhi, is appointed king. Limhi's people fight when they were attacked by the Lamanites, while Alma and his followers lack the power to resist and are enslaved. However, in two separate and unique ways, the people who followed Alma and Limhi eventually return to Zarahemla.
• Alma's son, Alma the Younger and his friends, including Ammon, is converted miraculously from a rebellious youth into a believer. Ammon and his brothers embarks on a mission to the land of Nephi, and his Anti-Nephi-Lehi converts there lay down their lives before their antagonistic attacking brethren, which leads to additional conversions. Though careful observation yields the truth that the Anti-Nephi-Lehites had already spilled the blood of others and were, in part, fearful of sinning again. (see below) Meanwhile both Alma and Ammon were experienced in battle.
• The missionaries and Lamanite converts migrate to Zarahemla where they are protected by the Nephite military.
Formation of the unit
The Ammonites (or Anti-Nephi-Lehies) lived in Jershon and were converted to Christianity by Ammon. They covenanted "that they never would use weapons again for the shedding of man’s blood" and "rather than shed the blood of their brethren they would give up their own lives". After being attacked by the remaining Lamanites, the Ammonites moved to a territory given to them by the Nephites.
After a few more years, the Lamanites began attacking the Nephites. When they saw how the Nephites were suffering by defending them, the Ammonites were considering breaking their oath to defend themselves when two thousand of their sons (who had been too young at the time to have made the covenant) volunteered to fight for the defense of the Nephites and the Ammonites. Helaman, the son of Alma the Younger and a leader of the church among the Nephites, was approached to be their commander. The army was used extensively and was one of the Nephite's most effective military units. Though every soldier was wounded at one time or another, there were no fatalities among the warriors. Mormon, the compiler of the Book of Mormon, and Helaman, their commander, as well as the young men themselves, attributed this to the upbringing provided by their mothers and the great faith they exhibited.
See also
Notes and references
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Old 04-01-2013, 09:49 PM
ThatguyAds1298's Avatar
ThatguyAds1298 ThatguyAds1298 is offline
Orc Sect:
Join Date: Sep 2011
Posts: 180
ThatguyAds1298 has fair reputation
Oh and Kon, Its good to see you again! I saw Dawn of Fantasy on steam... An it brought a tear to my eye... Well no, Orks dont cry! But you know it make me all fuzzy.. HOWEVER! orcs do like to sing, so this ones for Reverie!
^ How i felt when seeing Dawn of Fantasy again.. An thinking of my poor orcses!
In game name : Adam
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Thursday, August 15, 2013
A Sneak Peek at the Mega Man UFS Trading Cards, Board Game
Gencon kicked off today, and as promised, Jasco's Mega Man Universal Fighting System trading card game was on display. For those who couldn't see it in person, our friend Boco managed to snap a few pictures. What's more, he brings us some new information:
"The UFS tins will have the starter deck, three boosters, three Robot Master promo character cards, and a poster/playmat, and will be $30. Out in October I think? I’ve never played UFS so you’ll have to ask someone else for mechanics. But the cards look very nice, with art from the Archie comics. Those vinyl playmats are also pretty killer and I might pick up the one with all the RMs on it."
If you're interested, hit up Boco's Tumblr for more images of the cards, tins and collectible playmat. Now, as for Jasco's other Mega Man product, the official board game, we've got some preliminary news to share too. Read on for the lowdown.
Coming from Boco:
Sounds pretty interesting, wouldn't say? The Kickstarter tidbit is a little odd, I must admit. Jasco already has the license to produce the game... but it needs funding? Hm.
Again, check back tomorrow for more news and maybe a few images. In the meantime, if you have any questions for the Jasco guys, either leave a comment for Boco or reblog this Tumblr post.
Thanks, Boco!
1. Oh goodie even Mega Man merchandise needs a kickstarter now.
This bodes well for the health of the franchise.
2. Yes I'll be buying both tins for the card game it looks awesome. And buying the board game as well. Does any one know for sure if they are coming out in October?
3. I talked a bit more with Jasco about the mechanics for the board game but I'll save those details until tomorrow when I can see the prototype version and play it too ^^
I think the Kickstarter is mostly for a preorder kind of thing? so they can fund the initial print run? Board games are really expensive to print/store/ship. But I can ask them about that specifically if you like. They did mention possible stretch goals (like playable Protoman, Roll, or other characters). I dunno, I'l ask them for more detail and stuff tomorrow.
Yes, please post any questions or comments you have and I'll be sure to relay them!
(btw I am not a "he" I am an "it's complicated". you can use whatever pronouns you like, so keep using 'he' or use 'she' or 'they' or 'ey' or whatever. just thought you might want to know)
4. I am VERY hyped for this UFS Set.
The cards look awesome, and that tin set is very excellent compared to what most card games do!
1. They also have the KoF XIII stuff there and some promo artwork for the Darkstalkers stuff (although the cards for that aren't done yet) if you're interested in UFS in general.
BTW random UFS detail: Megaman has 28 health (to match the lifebar from the games).
2. Dayumn 28 health, that's excellent. I was worried he might not have a lot of health. What's his hand size? It's kind of hard to tell. What of ProtoMan's stats?
Got any pics of the darkstalkers stuff?
3. Megaman is 28 health, 6 hand size, E Commit: +4 damage to a ranged attack, E Discard 1 card: Commit 1 of an opponent's foundation.
Protoman is 20 health, 7 hand size, E: Discard a card from your pool (once per turn), E Commit Discard 1 momentum: If you block an attack it does 0 damage.
I don't know UFS that well but it seemed like Megaman had a bunch of stuff to pump his damage and to draw extra cards and Protoman had stuff to enhance his blocks and to get rid of his played cards (and stuff that triggers when discarded or when you have already discarded stuff). Neither of them have forms or reactions (are those things?)
4. Oh wow that seems very fitting!
I love how they went with such accuracy.
To shorten it up in better terms. Mega Man's effects are the equivalent of charging his buster for a high damage attack (+4 to Ranged Attack). And clogging their opponent's movements via weaknesses or power-ups (hindering their foundations gives them less of a chance to block your attacks)
Protoman's health is fairly low but his excellent defense via discarding momentum (in this case, his shield) and hand size make him very consistent. Discarding from your card pool makes it easier for you to attack your opponent, making your momentum charge up easily.
The fact that they lack forms and reactions to utilize these makes them very fast-paced hitters and makes them very likely to be used in competitive play because of how skilled they seem to be. It's looking like these decks will be excellent additions to the game.
5. Lots of stuff to share but I'm busy for the next 3-4 hours, will report though
6. Small update on the UFS cards. 1. They're trying to get the tins out in September to coincide with the Kickstarter but some retailers might not have them until early October, depending on when the shipments from the printers etc arrive and they can get them into distribution. 2. The wins are specifically geared towards players new to UFS. The decks are strong, but are fairly straightforward and don't use many weird mechanics etc. So it's a somewhat simplified deck you can use well even if you don't know the game very well. 3. I didn't find anyone who could confirm which tins have which RMs as promo cards, but the RMs will be the six from Rockman 1 - Cutman, Gutsman, etc - and distributed non-randomly, three per tin. 4. The three booster packs in the tins are random, like you expect boosters to be. They contain the support cards for the six RM characters, plus support cards tied to the larger Megaman story, such a cards referencing Dr. Wily or Dr. Light. Right now the only way to get the cards that are in those boosters is by buying the tins (the boosters won't be sold separately) but they may print more and sell them separately in the future - this depends on how well the tins sell and on how Capcom wants to proceed with the license (whether they want the tins to be a one-off thing or whether they want to extend the license to individual boosters or even additional precons, whatever).
7. where would I buy more single packs???? derek
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You'll just love him
It is strange that you really like a person and he kind of gives you the signals but how do you tell him that you love him..i suppose you have to wait for a little longer...AL i wana spend the rest of my life with you
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Sacred Texts Bible Bible Commentary Index
Psalms Index
Previous Next
Psalms Chapter 138
psa 138:0
Title. - A Psalm of David. This Psalm is wisely placed. Whoever edited and arranged these sacred poems, he had an eye to apposition and contrast; for if in Psa 137:1-9 we see the need of silence before revilers, here we see the excellence of a brave confession. There is a time to be silent, test we cast pearls before swine; and there is a time to speak openly, lest we be found guilty of cowardly non-confession. The Psalm is evidently of a Davidic character, exhibiting all the fidelity, courage, and decision of that King of Israel and Prince of Psalmists. Of course the critics have tried to rend the authorship from David on account of the mention of the temple, though it so happens that in one of the Psalms which is allowed to be David's the same word occurs. Many modern critics are to the word of God what blow-flies are to the food of men: they cannot do any good, and unless relentlessly driven away they do great harm.
Division. - In full confidence David is prepared to own his God before the gods of the heathen, or before angels or rulers (Psa 138:1-3); he declares that he will instruct and convert kings and nations, till on every highway men shall sing the praises of the Lord (Psa 138:4-5). Having thus spoken, he utters his personal confidence in Jehovah, who will help his lowly servant, and preserve him from all the malice of wrathful foes.
Hints to Preachers
Psa 138:1, Psa 138:2, Psa 138:3. - David vexed with rival gods, as we are with rival gospels. How will he act?
I. Sing with whole-hearted praise.
1. It would generously show his contempt of the false.
2. It would evince his strong faith in the true.
3. It would declare his joyful zeal for God.
4. It would shield him from evil from those about him.
II. Worship by the despised rule.
1. Quietly ignoring all will-worship.
2. Looking to the person of Christ, which was typified by the temple.
3. Trusting in sacrifice.
4. Realizing God Himself, for it is to God he speaks.
III. Praise the questioned attributes.
1. Lovingkindness in its universality, in its speciality. Grace in everything.
2. Truth. Historic accuracy. Certainty of promises. Correctness of prophecies.
3. Assured of the love of God and the truth of his word, let us cling the closer to these.
IV. Reverence the honoured word. It is beyond all revelation by creation and providence, for it is -
1. More clear.
2. More sure.
3. More sovereign.
4. More complete, unique.
5. More lasting.
6. More glorifying to God.
V. Prove it by experience.
1. By offering prayer.
2. By narrating the answer.
3. By exhibiting the strength in soul which was given in answer to prayer.
Psa 138:2. - The Christward position.
I. Worship and praise are to be blended.
II. They are to be presented with an eye to God in Christ, for he is the temple: the place of divine indwelling, sacrifice, intercession, priesthood, oracle, and manifestation.
Psa 138:2 (first clause). -
I. The soul's noblest attitude: "Toward thy holy temple."
II. The soul's noblest exercise: "worship, praise." - W. W.
Psa 138:2. -
I. The worshipper's contemplation. Gaze fixed on Holy Temple. Material temple not yet built. Christ the sanctuary. Heb 8:2. All worship through him. Eye of worshippers fixed on him.
II. The worshipper's song. Love and truth. Note the combination. Truth by Moses. Grace and truth by Jesus Christ.
III. The worshipper's argument. Because Christ "The Word" is the embodiment and most glorious manifestation of God. Heb 1:2, Heb 1:3. - Archibald G. Brown.
Psa 138:3. -
I. Prayer answered in the day.
II. Prayer answered by giving strength for the day. See Co2 12:8, Co2 12:9. - A. G. B.
Psa 138:3. -
I. Answers to prayer should be noted and acknowledged: "Thou answeredst me."
II. Speedy answers should have special praise: "In the day when I cried, thou," etc.
III. A strengthened soul is sometimes the best answer to prayer: "Strengthened me with strength." - J. F.
Psa 138:3. - Remarkable answer to prayer.
I. The prayer: feeble, earnest, sorrowful, inarticulate.
II. The answer: prompt, divine, effectual, certain.
III. The praise deserved by such grace. See preceding verses.
Psa 138:3. -
I. A special day.
II. A specific form of prayer: "I cried."
III. A special method of response. - W. W.
Psa 138:4. -
I. A royal audience.
II. A royal orchestra.
Psa 138:4, Psa 138:5. -
I. They who hear the words of God will know God.
II. They who know God will praise him, however exalted they may be amongst men: "All the kings," etc.
III. They who praise God will walk in his ways.
IV. They who walk in the ways of the Lord will glorify him, and he will be glorified in them. - G. R.
Psa 138:5. - See "Spurgeon's Sermons," No. 1615: "Singing in the Ways of the Lord."
Psa 138:5. - This is spoken of kings, but it is true of the humblest pilgrims. The Lord hath respect unto the lowly, and will make them sing.
I. They shall sing in the ways.
1. They take pleasure in them.
2. They do not go out of them to find pleasure.
3. They sing as they proceed in service, in worship, in holiness, in suffering.
4. They are in a case for singing. They have strength, safety, guidance, provision, comfort.
II. They sing of the ways of the Lord.
1. Of God's ways to them.
2. Of their way to God. They know whence they came out. They know where they are going. It is a good road; prophets went by it, and the Lord of the prophets. Therein we have good company, good accommodation, good prospects, good daylight.
III. They sing of the Lord of the wall. His lovingkindness. His truth. Answers to prayer. His condescension. His reviving us in trouble. His delivering us. His perfecting us. His everlasting mercy.
IV. They shall sing to the Lord of the wall.
1. To his honour.
2. To the extending of that honour.
3. As a preparation to eternally honouring him.
Psa 138:6. - Divine inversions.
I. Lowliness honoured to its great surprise.
II. Pride passed by to its eternal mortification. - W. B. H.
Psa 138:7 (first clause). -
I. The Psalmist's dismal excursion, walking "in the midst of trouble;" this is not a spectator, but one assailed. Troubles - personal, social, ecclesiastical, national.
II. His cheering anticipation - of revival, defence, deliverance. - W. J.
Psa 138:7. -
I. Good men are sometimes in the midst of troubles: these are many, and continue long.
II. They interfere not with their progress. They "walk in the midst" of them; faint, yet pursuing; sometimes they "run with patience," etc.
III. They have comfort in them, "Though I walk," etc., "thou wilt revive me."
IV. They are benefited by them.
1. Their enemies are overthrown.
2. Their deliverance is complete. - G. R.
Psa 138:7. - The child of God often revived out of trouble; more frequently in trouble; not seldom through trouble. Delivered from, sustained in, sanctified through, trouble. - A. G. B.
Psa 138:7. - An incident of the road to the city.
I. Pilgrim beset by thieves and struck down.
II. The arrival of Greatheart and flight of the enemy.
III. The flask to the lips, "thou wilt revive me." Sweet awakening to know the beauty of his face and strength of his hand! - W. B. H.
Psa 138:7 (third clause). - Right-hand salvation.
I. It shall be wrought of God.
II. He shall throw his strength into the deed.
III. His utmost dexterity shall be displayed.
Psa 138:8 (first clause). -
I. A wide subject - "That which concerneth me." Not necessarily that which gives me concern.
II. A promise that covers it, "the Lord will perfect." - A. G. B.
Psa 138:8 (first and last clauses). - Faith in divine purpose no hindrance to prayer, but rather an encouragement in it, "The Lord will perfect." "Forsake not." - A. G. B.
Psa 138:8. - See "Spurgeon's Sermons," Nos. 231 and 1506: "Faith in Perfection," and, "Choice Comfort for a Young Believer."
Psa 138:8. - The grace of God makes a man thoughtful, and leads him to concern about himself, his life, his future, and the completeness of the work of grace. This might lead us to sadness and despair, but the Lord worketh in us for other ends.
I. He fills us with assurance.
1. That the Lord will work for us.
2. That he will complete his work.
3. That he will do this in providence; if it be properly a concern of ours.
4. That he will do this within us. Our graces shall grow. Our soul shall become Christly. Our whole nature perfect.
5. That he will do this with our work for him.
II. He gives us rest in his mercy.
1. Thou wilt forgive my sins.
2. Thou wilt bear with my nature.
3. Thou wilt support me in suffering.
4. Thou wilt supply me in need.
5. Thou wilt succour me in death.
III. He puts prayer into our hearts.
1. That he will not forsake me.
2. That he will not leave his own work in me undone.
3. Nor his work by me unfinished. Why did he begin? Why carry so far? Why not complete?
Psa 138:8. -
I. Faith's full assurance, "The Lord will perfect that which concerneth me."
II. Faith's firm foundation, "Thy mercy, O Lord, endureth for ever."
III. Faith's fervent prayer, "Forsake not the works of thine own hands." - W. H. J. P.
Explanatory Notes and Quaint Sayings
Psalms 138-145
These eight Psalms are composed in the first person, and they follow very happily after the fifteen "Songs of Up-goings," and the three Psalms of praise uttered by the chorus of those who have gone up to Sion. Those Psalms were the united utterances of national devotion. These eight Psalms are the devout Israelite's Manual of private prayer and praise. - Christopher Wordsworth.
Whole Psalm
This is the first of a series of eight Psalms (138-145), probably the last composed by David, a kind of commentary on the great Messianic promise in 2 Sam. 7. They are found in this part of the Psalter, in consequence of having been made the basis, or rather the body, of a system or series (135-146) by a later writer. - Joseph Addison Alexander.
Whole Psalm
If this Psalm refers to the promise in 2 Sam. 7, there can be no doubt of the correctness of the superscription, which ascribes it to David. For he, on whom the promise has been conferred, himself stands forth as the speaker. Proof also of David's authorship is found in the union, so characteristic of him, of bold courage, see especially Psa 138:3, and deep humility, see Psa 138:6. And in proof of the same comes, finally, the near relationship in which it stands with the other Psalms of David, especially those which likewise refer to the promise of the everlasting kingdom; and with David's thanksgiving in 2 Sam. 7, the conclusion of which remarkably agrees with the conclusion of our Psalm: "And now, Lord God, the word which thou hast spoken upon thy servant and upon his house, that fulfil even to eternity, and do as thou hast spoken." - E. W. Hengstenberg.
Psa 138:1
"I will praise thee with my whole heart." It is a part of our thankfulness to engage our heart to praise God in time to come, since we find that all the thanks we can give for the present are short of our duty or desire to praise him: "I will praise thee," saith David. Sometimes the believer will find his heart set at liberty in God's worship, which at another time he will find to be in bands, and then he should take the opportunity of an enlarged heart to run in the way of God's service, as David doth here, "I will praise thee with my whole heart." - David Dickson.
Psa 138:1
"I will praise thee." Up, dear soul! What though thou hast once complained like Israel of thy captivity in Babylon, Psa 137:1, yet now sing once more a song of joy to the Lord. Thou hast been pressed like a cluster of grapes, now give forth thy ripe juice. - Christoph Starke.
Psa 138:1
"I will praise thee." Alas, for that capital crime of the Lord's people - barrenness in praises! Oh, how fully I am persuaded that a line of praises is worth a leaf of prayer, and an hour of praises is worth a day of fasting and mourning! - John Livingstone, 1603-1672.
Psa 138:1
"With my whole heart." This expression, as in Psa 9:1, points to the surpassing greatness of the benefit received, which filled the whole heart with thankfulness, and did not proceed, as it were, from some particular corner of it. It corresponds also to the greatness of the benefaction, in the expression, "before the gods," - demanding of these, whether they would verify their godhead by pointing to any such boon conferred by them on their servants. The benefit which could afford such a demonstration, and give occasion and ground for raillery, must have been a surpassingly great one. - E. W. Hengstenberg.
Psa 138:1
"Before the gods." There is much diversity in the meaning assigned to "gods" in this verse. It may mean literally in an idolatrous country, in the very temples of false gods, as so many Christian martyrs bore testimony to the faith. The lxx., Vulgate, Ethiopic, and Arabic translate angels. The Chaldee has judges, the Syriac kings, and the earlier Greek fathers explain it as a reference to the choirs of Priests and Levites in the Temple. - Zigabenas, in Neale and Littledale.
Psa 138:1
"Before the gods." Some (lxx., Luther, Calvin, etc.) interpret these words of the angels, and compare Psa 29:1; but it is doubtful if the Hebrew word Elohim, used nakedly and without any explanation, can have this meaning, it is also, as it would seem, in this connection, pointless' others (Rabbins, Flamin., Delitzsch, etc.) interpret "the great ones of the earth," and compare Psa 138:4 below, and Psa 82:1, Psa 119:46, etc.; but this interpretation, too, seems to give no special force to the passage. Probably (Aq., Symm., Jer., etc.) the meaning is, "Before, or in the presence of, the gods of the heathen, i.e., in scorn of, in sight of, the idols, who can do nothing, I will praise Jehovah, who does miracles for me and his people." For a similar expression, see Psa 23:5, Heb.: see also Psa 95:3, Psa 96:5, for places in which the Hebrew word "gods" is used probably for idols. - Speaker's Commentary.
Psa 138:1
"Before the gods," etc. The Vulgate hath, in conspectu angelorum, "before the angels"; their presence should awe men and women, and keep them from all dishonesty, evil words, acts, gestures, secret grudging, all discontents and distempers. For as they are rejoiced to discern a good frame of spirit in you, to see you keep that order God hath set in the church and state, to walk as Christians to the honour of God; so they are grieved to see the contrary, and you must answer for your sins against these great officers in the great family of heaven and earth. - William Greenhill.
Psa 138:2
"I will worship toward thy holy temple." The holy temple was a type and figure of the Lord Jesus Christ. Therefore we find Daniel opening his windows toward the temple, where he prayed three times a day; and we find Jonah saying, "Yet will I look again toward thy holy temple." So looking to Jesus, he is our temple. There is no acceptable worship except through him; but we can offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. Then, set the Lord Jesus Christ before your eyes, that you may worship God and draw near to the footstool of mercy through him, that you may offer an acceptable sacrifice, and praise his name for his lovingkindness and for his truth. - Joseph C. Philpot, 1802-1869.
Psa 138:2
"Thy holy temple." This Psalm is entitled "a Psalm of David," and Calvin considers him to be its author agreeably to the title; but the mention of "the temple" in this verse seems to render such an opinion doubtful. If, however, we translate this word by "mansion," which is the proper rendering of the original - "the mansion of, thy sanctity," - this objection to its composition by David falls to the ground. - James Anderson's Note to Calvin in loc.
Psa 138:2
"I will... praise thy name for thy lovingkindness." There are two beautiful thoughts brought out here; one is, "God's condescension in thought;" the other, "his tenderness in action." These are both included in "lovingkindness." And both of these are shown by God to his own people. He humbleth himself to behold the things of the children of men; he condescends to men of low estate. Of the blessed Jesus it is said, that "though he was rich, yet for your sakes he became poor, that ye through his poverty might be rich'" Co2 8:9. Who can tell the depths to which God condescends in loving thought? We are told that the very hairs of our head are all numbered; and if the hairs of our head, then surely all else beside. God, as the Heavenly Father, takes an interest in everything about his people; he takes this interest in matters which they think beneath his notice, or of which they, from their ignorance, do not know the importance. The mother may draw whole stores of comfort from a realization of the condescending thoughtfulness of God. He will be interested about her babe; if she commit it to him, he who made the universe will, with his infinite mind, think upon her cradle and the helpless creature that is rocked to sleep therein. The sick man may draw whole stores of comfort from the same source, for he can believe the ONE by whom the body was fearfully and wonderfully made will think over the sufferings of that body, and alleviate them, or give strength for the endurance of them if they must be borne. Condescension of thought marks all the dealings of God with his people. And hard following upon it comes tenderness in action. Now this "tenderness in action" is a great part of the lovingkindness of God; it is meet that a thoughtful mind and tender hand should go together in the perfection of love. God is not only energetic, but tender also in action; he is the God of the dew-drops, as well as the God of the thunder showers; the God of the tender grass blade, as much as of the mountain oak. We read of great machines, which are able to crush iron bars, and yet they can touch so gently as not to break the shell of the smallest egg; as it is with them, so is it with the hand of the Most High; he can crush a world, and yet bind up a wound. And great need have we of tenderness in our low estate; a little thing would crush us' we have such bruised and feeble souls, that unless we had One who would deal tenderly with us we must soon be destroyed. - Philip Bennett Power, in "The 'I Wills' of the Psalms," 1861.
Psa 138:2
"Thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name." His "word" being here annexed to "lovingkindness and truth," must needs be that part of his word to which these two are applicable, i.e., his promise, the matter whereof is mercy or lovingkindness, and in the performance of which is truth or fidelity. And then to "magnify" this "word" of promise seems to signify two things;
I. the making very great and excellent promises, and then,
II. the performing them most punctually; and the doing it above all his name is promising and performing most superlative mercies above all that is famed or spoken or believed of God.
Then thus it will run; I will worship, etc., and praise thy name above thy lovingkindness and above thy truth; i.e., it will be too low, too short a compellation, to call thee merciful or veracious, or style thee after any other of thy attributes; thou art all these, and more than so, "thou hast magnified thy word," given and performed most glorious promises, "above all thy name," above all that men have apprehended or spoken of thee.
This verse and Psalm may easily be interpreted of God's mercies in Christ, so far above what could be famed, or said, or believed, or apprehended of him. - Condensed from H. Hammond.
Psa 138:2
"Thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name." Beyond all question there are higher and clearer manifestations of himself, of his being, of his perfection, of his purposes in the volume of revelation, than any which his works have disclosed or can disclose. There are very many points in relation to God, of the highest interest to mankind, on which the disclosures of science shed no light; there are many things which it is desirable for man to know, which cannot be learned in the schools of philosophy; there are consolations which man needs in a world of trouble which cannot be found in nature; there is especially a knowledge of the method by which sin may be pardoned, and the soul saved, which can never be disclosed by the blow-pipe, the telescope, or the microscope. These things, if learned at all, must be learned from revelation, and these are of more importance to man as a traveller to another world than all the learning which can be acquired in the schools of philosophy - valuable as that learning is. - Albert Barnes.
Psa 138:2
"For thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name," etc. This is a dark sentence at the first view, but as a judicious expositor upon the place well observes, the words may be thus read, and will better agree with the Hebrew; "thou hast magnified thy name above all things, in thy word," that is, in fulfilling thy word thou hast magnified thy name above all things, in that thou hast fulfilled thy word. What thou freely promisedst, thou hast faithfully performed; what thou hast spoken with thy mouth thou hast fulfilled with thy hand; for which thy name is wonderfully to be magnified. - James Nalton, 1664.
Psa 138:2
"Thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name." Every creature bears the name of God; but in his word and truth therein contained it is written at length, and therefore he is more choice of this than of all his other works; he cares not much what becomes of the world and all in it, so that he keeps his word, and saves his truth. Ere long we shall see the world in flames; the heavens and earth shall pass away, "but the word of the Lord endures for ever." When God will, he can make more such worlds as this; but he cannot make another truth, and therefore he will not lose one jot thereof. Satan, knowing this, sets all his wits on work to deface this and disfigure it by unsound doctrine. The word is the glass in which we see God, and seeing him are changed into his likeness by his Spirit. If this glass be cracked, then the conceptions we have Of God will misrepresent him unto us; whereas the word, in its native clearness, sets him out in all his glory unto our eye. - William Gurnall.
Psa 138:2
"Thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name." Thou hast bestowed the promise of perpetuity to my house and to my kingdom, which rises in grandeur and goodness above all thy past manifestations of thyself in behalf of thy people (Sa2 7:10, Sa2 7:12, Sa2 7:13, Sa2 7:15, Sa2 7:16, Sa2 7:21, Sa2 7:22, Sa2 7:24-26, Sa2 7:29 : Sa2 7:21 especially, "For thy Word's sake ... hast thou done all these great things"; Sa2 7:26, "And let thy name be magnified for ever" - an undesigned coincidence of language between the history and the Psalm). In the Messiah alone the greatness of the promise finds, and shall hereafter more fully find, its realization for Israel and the whole world. - Andrew Robert Fausset.
Psa 138:2
"Thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name." God has sent his word to us,
I. As a mirror, to reflect his glory. "The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handy-work"; from them may his eternal power and Godhead be clearly seen. Psa 19:1, Psa 19:3, Psa 19:4. In his providential dealings, also, is much of his wisdom and goodness exhibited. But of his perfections, generally, we can form no idea from these things; of his purposes we can know nothing. The state of the Heathen world clearly attests this; for they behold the wonders of Creation and Providence, as well as we, "There is no speech nor language where their voice is not heard. Their line is gone out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world". Psa 19:3, Psa 19:4. But in the sacred volume all the glory of the Godhead shines there we are admitted, so to speak, even to the council-chamber of the Most High; to hear the covenant entered into between the Father and the Son; the Father engaging to give to him a seed, whom he should have for his inheritance, if he, on his part, would "make his soul an offering for their sins," and in their nature, expiate the guilt of their iniquities. This mysterious transaction having taken place in the incarnation and death of the Lord Jesus Christ, we behold all the perfections of God united and harmonizing in a way that they never did, or could, by any other means - we see justice more inexorable, than if it had executed vengeance on the whole human race; and mercy more abundant, than if it had spared the whole human race without any such atonement. There, as it is well expressed, "Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other": Psa 85:10. Of this great mystery we find not a trace in the whole creation besides: but in the word it is reflected, as in a mirror (Co2 3:18); and it shines so brightly, that the very angels around the throne are made wiser by the revelation of it to the Church. Eph 3:10.
II. As a standard, to which everything may be referred. Of God's will we know nothing, but from the word: "we know neither good nor evil from all that is before us." What God requires of us, nothing in Creation or Providence can inform us' what he will do for us, we cannot ascertain how he will deal with us, we cannot ascertain. But, in the sacred volume, all is written as with a sunbeam. There is nothing which God expects us to do for him, which is not there most explicitly declared nothing which he engages to do for us, that does not form the subject of a distinct promise. The whole of his procedure in the day of judgment is there laid open: the laws by which we shall be indeed: the manner in which the testimony, whether against us or in our favour, shall be produced; the grounds on which the sentence of condemnation or acquittal shall be passed; yea, the very state to which every person, either as acquitted or condemned, shall be consigned; all is so clearly made known, that every person, who will judge himself with candour now, may assuredly anticipate his fate. There is nothing left to conjecture. Every man has a standard to which he may refer, for the rectifying of his judgment in every particular: so that nothing can be added for the instruction of our minds, or the regulation of our future expectations.
III. As a fountain, from whence all his blessings emanate. Great blessings, beyond all doubt, flow down to us through the works of Creation and Providence: in fact, they are incessantly administering to our welfare; for "God opens his hands, and fills all things living with plenteousness." Still, however, the benefits derived from them are only temporal; whereas those which the inspired volume imparts are spiritual and eternal; from whence we derive all our knowledge of Divine truth, and all our hopes of everlasting salvation. Nor is it the knowledge only of truth that we obtain, but the operation and efficacy of it on our souls. There is in Divine truth, when applied by the Holy Spirit, a power to wound, to sanctify, to save: Psa 19:7-11. When it comes to the soul with power, the stoutest heart in the universe is made to tremble: when it is poured out as balm, the most afflicted creature under heaven is made to leap for joy. Look over the face of the globe, and see how many, who were once under the unrestrained dominion of sin, are now transformed into the image of their God. And then ascend to heaven, and behold the myriads of the redeemed around the throne of God, uniting their hallelujahs to God and to the Lamb; to this state were they all brought by that blessed word, which alone could ever prevail for so great a work. Thus it is that God has magnified his word; and thus it is that he will magnify it, to the end of time; yea, through eternity will it be acknowledged as the one source of all blessings that shall ever be enjoyed. - Charles Simeon, in Horae Homileticae.
Psa 138:2
"For thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name." This is one of those expressions of Scripture that seem so comprehensive, and yet so amazing. To my mind it is one of the most remarkable expressions in the whole book of God. "Thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name." The name of God includes all the perfections of God; everything that God is, and which God has revealed himself as having - his justice, majesty, holiness, greatness, and glory, and whatever he is in himself, that is God's name. And yet he has "magnified" something "above his name" - his word - his truth. This may refer to the Incarnate Word, the Son of God, who was called "the Word." "There are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost, and these three are one" Jo1 5:7, "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God": Joh 1:1. You may take the words either as meaning that God has magnified his Word, his eternal Son - above all his great name, that is, he has set Jesus on high above all the other perfections of his majesty; or take it as meaning his written word, which is written in the sacred Scriptures. So, in that case, not only the Incarnate Word in the person of Jesus; but also the written word in the Scriptures of truth. He has magnified it above all his name in the fulfilment of it: God's faithfulness being so dear to him, he has exalted his faithfulness above all his other perfections. We see this in nature. Here is a man so to be depended upon, so faithful to his word, that he will sacrifice anything sooner than depart from it: that man will give up his property, or life itself, rather than forfeit his word. So God has spoken of magnifying his word above all his name. He would sooner allow all his other perfections to come to naught, than for his faithfulness to fail. He has so magnified his faithfulness, that his love, his mercy, his grace, would all sooner fail than his faithfulness - the word of his mouth and what he has revealed in the Scripture. What a firm salvation, then, is ours, which rests upon his word, when God has magnified that word above all his name! What volumes of blessedness and truth are contained therein I so that, if God has revealed his truth to your soul, and given you faith to anchor in the word of promise, sooner than that should fail, he would suffer the loss of all; for, he has magnified his word above all his name. - Joseph C. Philpot.
Psa 138:2
"Thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name." God has a greater regard unto the words of his mouth, than to the works of his hand: heaven and earth shall pass away, but one jot or tittle of what he hath spoken shall never fall, to the ground. Some do understand this of Christ the essential Word, in whom he has set his name, and whom he has so highly exalted, that he has given him "a name above every name." - Ebenezer Erskine, 1680-1754.
Psa 138:2
"Thou hast magnified tail word above all thy name." Meaning that his word or promise shall have, as it were, and exercise a kind of sovereignty over all his prerogatives and attributes, wisdom, justice, power, etc. So that men need not fear that any of them shall at any time, or in any case whatsoever, move in the least contrariety thereunto. - John Goodwin, 1593-1665.
Psa 138:2
"Thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name." It may be when there are some extraordinary works of God in the world, thunder and lightning, etc., we are ready to be afraid, and oh! the great God that doth appear in these great works! Were our hearts as they ought to be when we read the Word, we would tremble at that more than at any manifestation of God since the world began in all his works; and if so be thou dost not see more of the glory of God in his Word than in his works, it is because thou hast little light in thee. - Jeremiah Burroughs, 1599-1646.
Psa 138:2
"Thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name." "By the word of the Lord were the heavens made, and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth." But mightier far is the word by which a lost world is redeemed. This is the "word" that he hath "magnified above all his name," as displaying at once the exceeding greatness of his power, the resources of his manifold wisdom, and the blended glories of holiness and love. - John Lillie.
Psa 138:2
It is not with the truth merely excogitated, but with the truth expressed, that we have any concern; not with the truth as seen by our inspired teacher, but with the truth as by him spoken to us. It is not enough that the Spirit hath made him to see it aright - this is not enough if he have not also made him to speak it aright. A pure influx into the mind of an apostle is no sufficient guarantee for the instruction of the world, unless there be a pure efflux also; for not the doctrine that has flowed in, but the doctrine that has flowed out, is truly all that we have to do with. Accordingly, it is to the doctrine in efflux, that is to the word, that we are bidden to yield ourselves. It is the word that is a light unto our feet and a lamp unto our path; it is his word that God hath exalted above all his name; it is the word that he hath settled fast in heaven, and given to it a stability surer and more lasting than to the ordinances of nature. We can take no cognizance of the doctrine that is conveyed from heaven to earth, when it has only come the length of excogitation in the mind of an apostle; and it is not till brought the farther length of expression, either by speech or by writing, that it comes into contact with us. In short our immediate concern is with, not what apostles conceive inwardly, but what they bring forth outwardly not with the schemes or the systems which they have been made to apprehend, but with the books which they have written; and had the whole force and effect of this observation been sufficiently pondered, we feel persuaded that the advocates of a mitigated inspiration would not have dissevered, as they have done, the inspiration of sentiment from the inspiration of language. - Thomas Chalmers.
Psa 138:2
"Thy word," or "Thy promise." So great are God's promises, and so faithful and complete is his performance of them, as even to surpass the expectations which the greatness of his name has excited. - Annotated Paragraph Bible.
Psa 138:3
"In the day when I cried," etc. God granted him a speedy answer: for it was in the very day that he cried that he was heard: and it was a spiritual answer; he was strengthened with strength in his soul. Would you have soul strength for the work you have in view? then cry unto him who is the "strength of Israel" for it; for "he giveth power to the faint, and he increaseth strength to them that have no might." - Ebenezer Erskine.
Psa 138:3
"In the day when I cried thou answeredst me," etc. That part of an army which is upon action in the field is sure to have their pay, if their masters have any money in their purse, or care of them; yea, sometimes when their fellows left in their quarters are made to wait. I am sure there is more gold and silver (spiritual joy, I mean, and comfort) to be found in Christ's camp, among his suffering ones, than their brethren at home in peace and prosperity ordinarily can show. What are the promises but vessels of cordial wine, tunned on purpose against a groaning hour, when God usually broacheth them! "Call upon me," saith God, "in the day of trouble." Psa 1:1-6 :15. And may we not do so in the day of peace? Yes; but he would have us most bold with him in the day of trouble. None find such quick despatch at the throne of grace as suffering saints. "In the day that I cried," said David, "thou answeredst me, and strengthenedst me with strength in my soul." He was now in a strait, and God comes in haste to him. Though we may keep a well friend waiting should he send for us, yet we will give a sick friend leave to call us up at midnight. In such extremities we usually go with the messenger that comes for us; and so doth God with the prayer. Peter knocked at their gate, who were assembled to seek God for him, almost as soon as their prayer knocked at heaven gate in his behalf. And truly it is no more than needs, if we consider the temptations of our afflicted condition; we are prone then to be suspicious that our best friends forget us, and to think every stay a delay, and neglect of us; therefore God chooseth to show himself most kind at such a time. "As the sufferings of Christ abound in us, so our consolation also-aboundeth by Christ'" Co2 1:5. As man laid on trouble, so Christ laid in consolation, both tides rose and fell together; when it was spring-tide with him in affliction, it was so with him in his joy. We relieve the poor as their need increaseth; so Christ comforts his people as their troubles multiply. And now, Christian, tell me, doth not thy dear Lord deserve a ready spirit in thee to meet any suffering with, for, or from him, who gives his sweetest comforts where his people are put to bear their saddest sorrows? Well may the servant do his work, cheerfully when his master is so careful of him as with his own hands to bring him his breakfast into the fields. The Christian stays not till he comes to heaven for all his comfort. There indeed shall be the full supper, but there is a breakfast, Christian, of previous joys, more or less, which Christ brings to thee into the field, to be eaten on the place where thou endurest thy hardship. - William Gurnall.
Psa 138:3
"Thou answeredst me, and strengthenedst me with strength in my soul." It is one gracious way of answering our prayers when God doth bestow upon us spiritual strength in our souls; if he do not give the things we desire, yet if he gives us strength in our souls, he graciously answers our prayers. What is this spiritual strength? I answer, it is a work of the Spirit of God, enabling a man to do and suffer what God would have him without fainting or backsliding. - James Nalton.
Psa 138:3
"Thou strengthenedst me with strength in my soul." Other masters cut out work for their servants, but do not help them in their work; but our Master in heaven doth not only give us work, but strength. God bids us serve him, and he will enable us to serve him, Eze 36:27 : "I will cause you to walk in my statutes." The Lord doth not only fit work for us, but fits us for our work; with his command he gives power. - Thomas Watson.
Psa 138:3
"Thou makest me brave in my soul (with) strength." The common version of this clause ("strengthenedst me with strength in my soul") contains a paronomasia not in the original, where the verb and noun have not even a letter in common. The verb is by some translated made me proud, i.e., elated me, not with a vain or selfish pride, but with a lofty and exhilarating hope. - Joseph Addison Alexander.
Psa 138:4
"All the kings of the earth shall praise thee." In a sense sufficiently striking this promise was fulfilled to David, and to the nation of Israel, as surrounding monarchs beheld the wonderful dispensations of divine providence which attended their steps (Sa2 5:11; Sa2 8:10); but in its completest sense, it shall realize its accomplishment in the future conquests of Messiah, when the princes and potentates of the earth receive his word, learn by divine grace to celebrate the glorious methods of his love, and see in the light of faith the greatness of Jehovah's glory as the God of salvation. "All the kings of the earth" shall yet praise the Lord, and shall hasten with their numerous subjects to hail the triumphs of his grace. - John Morison.
Psa 138:5
"Yea, they shall sing in the ways of the Lord." There will come a time when the praise of Jahve, which according to Psa 137:4 was obliged to be dumb in the presence of the heathen, will be sung by the kings of the heathen themselves. - Franz Delitzsch.
Psa 138:5
"Yea, they shall sing in the ways of the Lord." Walking with God is a pleasant walk, the ways of wisdom are called "ways of pleasantness", Pro 3:17. Is not the light pleasant? Psa 89:15 : "They shall walk, O Lord, in the light of thy countenance." Walking with God is like walking among beds of spices, which send forth a fragrant perfume. This is it which brings peace, Act 9:31, "Walking in the fear of the Lord, and in the comfort of the Holy Ghost." While we walk with God, what sweet music doth the bird of conscience make in our breast! "They shall sing in the ways of the Lord." - Thomas Watson.
Psa 138:6
"Though the Lord be high." We have here God's transcendent greatness; he is the high Lord, or Jehovah: he is "the high and lofty One, who inhabits eternity, and who dwells in the high and lofty place, to which no man can approach." Who can think or speak of his highness in a suitable manner? It dazzles the eyes of sinful mortal worms to behold "the place where his honour dwells." Oh how infinite is the distance between him and us! "There are none of the sons of the mighty that can be compared unto him;" yea, "the inhabitants of the earth are before him but as the drop in the bucket, and the small dust in the balance." He is not only "high" above men, but above angels: cherubims and seraphims are his ministering spirits. He is "high" above the heavens; for "the heaven, yea, the heaven of heavens cannot contain him"; and he "humbleth himself" when "he beholds things that are in heaven." Oh, sirs, study to entertain high and admiring thoughts and apprehensions of the glorious majesty of God; for "honour and majesty are before him; strength and beauty are in his sanctuary." - Ebenezer Erskine.
Psa 138:6
"The Lord hath respect unto the lowly." God has such a respect unto the lowly, not as if this frame of soul were meritorious of any good at his hand, but because, -
I. This is a disposition that best serves God's great design of lifting up and glorifying his free grace. What think you, sirs, was God's design in election, in redemption, in the whole of the gospel dispensation, and in all the ordinances thereof? His grand design in all was to rear up a glorious high throne, from which he might display the riches of his free and sovereign grace; this is that which he will have magnified through eternity above all his other name. Now, this lowliness and humility of spirit suits best unto God's design of exalting the freedom of his grace. It is not the legalist, or proud Pharisee, but the poor humble publican, who is smiting on his breast, and crying, "God be merciful to me, a sinner," that submits to the revelation of grace.
II. God has such respect unto the humble soul because it is a fruit of the Spirit inhabiting the soul, and an evidence of the soul's union with the Lord Jesus Christ, in whom alone we are accepted.
III. This is a disposition that makes the soul like Christ; and the like that a person is to Christ, God loves him ay the better. We are told that Christ was "meek and lowly"; "he did not cry, nor lift up, nor cause his voice to be heard in the streets"; though he was "the brightness of his Father's glory," yet he was content to appear "in the form of a servant"; though he was rich, yet he was content to become poor, that we through his poverty might be rich. Now, the humble soul, being the image of Christ, who is the express image of his Father, God cannot but have a regard unto him. - Ebenezer Erskine.
Psa 138:6
"He hath respect unto the lowly." Give me the homely vessel of humility, which God shall preserve, and fill with the wine of his grace; rather than the varnished cup of pride, which he will dash in pieces, like a potter's vessel. Where humility is the corner stone, there glory shall be the topstone. - William Secker, in "The Nonsuch Professor in his Meridian Splendour," 1660.
Psa 138:6
"The proud he knoweth afar off." He that meets a spectacle or person which he cannot endure to look upon, avoids it, or turns from it while he is yet afar off; whereas, if the object be delightful, he draweth near and comes as close as he can. When therefore it is said, the Lord knoweth a proud man afar off, it shows his disdain of him: he will scarce touch him with a pair of tongs (as we say); he cannot abide to come near him. He knows well enough how vile he is even at the greatest distance. - Joseph Caryl.
Psa 138:6
"The proud he knoweth afar off." By punishing them in hell. - Richard Rolle, 1340.
Psa 138:7
"Though I walk in the midst of trouble, thou wilt revive me." So as to the three youths in the fiery furnace, their persecutor, Nebuchadnezzar, said, "Lo, I see four men loose, walking in the midst of the fire, and they have no hurt, and the form of the fourth is like the Son of God." - Andrew Robert Fausset.
Psa 138:7
"In the midst of trouble thou wilt revive me." The wisdom of God is seen in helping in desperate cases. God loves to show his wisdom when human help and wisdom fail. Exquisite lawyers love to wrestle with niceties and difficulties in the law, to show their skill the more. God's wisdom is never at a loss; but when providences are darkest, then the morning star of deliverance appears. Sometimes God melts away the spirits of his enemies. Jos 2:24. Sometimes he finds them other work to do, and sounds a retreat to them, as he did to Saul when he was pursuing David. "The Philistines are in the land." "In the mount God will be seen." When the church seems to be upon the altar, her peace and liberty ready to be sacrificed, then the angel comes. - Thomas Watson.
Psa 138:7
"Thou shalt stretch forth thine hand," etc. Thou shalt interpose thine help betwixt me and them, and save me harmless; as the poets feign their gods did those whom they favoured. Thou shalt strike them with thy left hand, and save me with thy right; so Tremellius senseth it. - John Trapp.
Psa 138:8
"The Lord will perfect," etc. God's work is perfect, man's is clumsy and incomplete. God does not leave off till he has finished. When he rests, it is because, looking on his work, he sees it all "very good." His Sabbath is the Sabbath of an achieved purpose, of a fulfilled counsel. The palaces which we build are ever like that in the story, where one window remains dark and unjewelled, while the rest blaze in beauty. But when God builds none can say, "He was not able to finish." In his great palace he makes her "windows of agates," and all her "borders of pleasant stones."
I suppose that if the mediaeval dream had ever come true, and an alchemist had ever turned a grain of lead into gold, he could have turned all the lead in the world, in time, and with crucibles and furnaces enough. The first step is all the difficulty, and if you and I have been changed from enemies into sons, and had one spark of love to God kindled in our hearts, that is a mightier change than any that yet remains to be effected in order to make us perfect. One grain has been changed, the whole mass will be in due time. - Alexander Maclaren, Sermon in "Wesleyan Methodist Magazine," 1879.
Psa 138:8
"Forsake not the works of thine own hands." When we are under such afflictions as threaten to ruin us, 'tis seasonable to tell the Lord he made us. David strengthens prayer upon this argument: "Forsake not the works of thine own hands." All men love their own works, many dote upon them, shall we think God will forsake his? See how the people of God plead with God in greatest distress. (Isa 64:8): "But now, O Lord, thou art our father; we are the clay, and thou our potter; and we are all the work of thy hand. Be not wroth very sore, O Lord." - Joseph Cary.
Psa 138:8
"Forsake not the works of thine own hands." Look upon the wounds of thine hands, and forsake not the works of thine hands, prayed Queen Elizabeth. And Luther's usual prayer was, Confirm, O God, in us that thou hast wrought, and perfect the work that thou hast begun in us, to thy glory. So be it. - John Trapp.
Psa 138:8
"Forsake not the works of thine own hands." Behold in me thy work, not mine, for mine, if thou seest, thou condemnest; thine, if thou seest, thou crownest. For whatever good works there be of mine, from thee are they to me; and so they are more thine than mine. For I hear from thine apostle, "By grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast. For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus:" Eph 2:8-10. - Augustine.
Psa 138:8
"Thine own hands." His creating hands formed our souls at the beginning; his nail-pierced hands redeemed them on Calvary; his glorified hands will hold our souls fast and not let them go for ever. Unto his hands let us commend our spirits, sure that even though the works of our hands have made void the works of his hands, yet his hands will again make perfect all that our hands have unmade. - J. W. Burgon.
Psalms 138:1
psa 138:1
1 I will praise thee with my whole heart - before the gods will I sing praise unto thee.
Psa 138:1
"I will praise thee with my whole heart." His mind is so taken up with God that he does not mention his name, to him there is no other God, and Jehovah is so perfectly realized and so intimately known, that the Psalmist, in addressing him, no more thinks of mentioning his name than we should do if we were speaking to a father or a friend. He sees God with his mind's eye, and simply addresses him with the pronoun "thee." He is resolved to praise the Lord, and to do it with the whole force of his life, even with his whole heart. He would not submit to act as one under restraint, because of the opinions of others; but in the presence of the opponents of the living God he would be as hearty in worship as if all were friends and would cheerfully unite with him. If others do not praise the Lord, there is all the more reason why we should do so, and should do so with enthusiastic eagerness. We need a broken heart to mourn our own sins, but a whole heart to praise the Lord's perfections. If ever our heart is whole and wholly occupied with one thing, it should be when we are praising the Lord. "Before the gods will I sing praise unto thee." Why should these idols rob Jehovah of his praises? The Psalmist will not for a moment suspend his songs because there are images before him, and their foolish worshippers might not approve of his music. I believe David referred to the false gods of the neighbouring nations, and the deities of the surviving Canaanites. He was not pleased that such gods were set up; but he intended to express at once his contempt of them, and his own absorption in the worship of the living Jehovah by continuing most earnestly to sing wherever he might be. It would be paying these dead idols too much respect to cease singing because they were perched aloft. In these days when new religions are daily excogitated, and new gods are set up, it is well to know how to act. Bitterness is forbidden, and controversy is apt to advertise the heresy; the very best method is to go on personally worshipping the Lord with unvarying zeal, singing with heart and voice his royal praises. Do they deny the Divinity of our Lord? Let us the more fervently adore him. Do they despise the atonement? Let us the more constantly proclaim it. Had half the time spent in councils and controversies been given to praising the Lord, the church would have been far sounder and stronger than she is at this day. The Hallelujah Legion will win the day. Praising and singing are our armour against the idolatries of heresy, our comfort under the depression caused by insolent attacks upon the truth, and our weapons for defending the gospel. Faith when displayed in cheerful courage, has about it a sacred contagion: others learn to believe in the Most High when they see his servant
"Calm 'mid the bewildering cry,
Confident of victory."
Psa 138:2
"I will worship toward thy holy temple," or the place of God's dwelling, where the ark abode. He would worship God in God's own way. The Lord had ordained a centre of unity, a place of sacrifice, a house of his indwelling; and David accepted the way of worship enjoined by revelation. Even so, the true-hearted believer of these days must not fall into the will-worship of superstition, or the wild worship of scepticism, but reverently worship as the Lord himself prescribes. The idol gods had their temples; but David averts his glance from them, and looks earnestly to the spot chosen of the Lord for his own sanctuary. We are not only to adore the true God, but to do so in his own appointed way: the Jew looked to the temple, we are to look to Jesus, the living temple of the Godhead. "And praise thy name for thy lovingkindness and for thy truth." Praise would be the main part of David's worship; the name or character of God the great object of his song; and the special point of his praise the grace and truth which shone so conspicuously in that name. The person of Jesus is the temple of the Godhead, and therein we behold the glory of the Father, "full of grace and truth." It is upon these two points that the name of Jehovah is at this time assailed - his grace and his truth. He is said to be too stern, too terrible, and therefore "modern thought" displaces the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and sets up an effeminate deity of its own making. As for us, we firmly believe that God is love, and that in the summing up of all things it will be seen that hell itself is not inconsistent with the beneficence of Jehovah, but is, indeed, a necessary part of his moral government now that sin has intruded into the universe. True believers hear the thunders of his justice, and yet they do not doubt his lovingkindness. Especially do we delight in God's great love to his own elect, such as he showed to Israel as a race, and more especially to David and his seed when he entered into covenant with him. Concerning this there is abundant room for praise. But not only do men attack the lovingkindness of God, but the truth of God is at this time assailed on all sides; some doubt the truth of the inspired record as to its histories, others challenge the doctrines, many sneer at the prophecies; in fact, the infallible word of the Lord is at this time treated as if it were the writing of imposters, and only worthy to be carped at. The swine are trampling on the pearls at this time, and nothing restrains them; nevertheless, the pearls are pearls still, and shall yet shine about our Monarch's brow. We sing the lovingkindness and truth of the God of the Old Testament, - "the God of the whole earth shall he be called." David before the false gods first sang, then worshipped, and then proclaimed the grace and truth of Jehovah; let us do the same before the idols of the New Theology.
"For thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name." The word of promise made to David was in his eyes more glorious than all else that he had seen of the Most High. Revelation excels creation in the clearness, definiteness, and fulness of its teaching. The name of the Lord in nature is not so easily read as in the Scriptures, which are a revelation in human language, specially adapted to the human mind, treating of human need, and of a Saviour who appeared in human nature to redeem humanity. Heaven and earth shall pass away, but the divine word will not pass away, and in this respect especially it has a pre-eminence over every other form of manifestation. Moreover, the Lord lays all the rest of his name under tribute to his word: his wisdom, power, love, and all his other attributes combine to carry out his word. It is his word which creates, sustains, quickens, enlightens, and comforts. As a word of command it is supreme; and in the person of the incarnate Word it is set above all the works of God's hands. The sentence in the text is wonderfully full of meaning. We have collected a vast mass of literature upon it, but space will not allow us to put it all into our notes. Let us adore the Lord who has spoken to us by his word, and by his Son; and in the presence of unbelievers let us both praise his holy name and extol his holy word.
Psa 138:3
"In the day when I cried thou answeredst me." No proof is so convincing as that of experience. No man doubts the power of prayer after he has received an answer of peace to his supplication. It is the distinguishing mark of the true and living God that he hears the pleadings of his people, and answers them; the gods hear not and answer not, but Jehovah's memorial is - "the God that heareth prayer." There was some special day in which David cried more vehemently than usual; he was weak, wounded, worried, and his heart was wearied; then like a child he "cried," - cried unto his Father. It was a bitter, earnest, eager prayer, as natural and as plaintive as the cry of a babe. The Lord answered it; but what answer can there be to a cry? - to a mere inarticulate wail of grief? Our heavenly Father is able to interpret tears, and cries, and he replies to their inner sense in such a way as fully meets the case. The answer came in the same day as the cry ascended: so speedily does prayer rise to heaven, so quickly does mercy return to earth. The statement of this sentence is one which all believers can make, and as they can substantiate it with many facts, they ought boldly to publish it, for it is greatly to God's glory. Well might the Psalmist say, "I will worship" when he felt bound to say "thou answeredst me." Well might he glory before the idols and their worshippers when he had answers to prayer to look back upon. This also is our defence against modern heresies: we cannot forsake the Lord, for he has heard our prayers.
"And strengthenedst me with strength in my soul." This was a true answer to his prayer. If the burden was not removed, yet strength was given wherewith to bear it, and this is an equally effective method of help. It may not be best for us that the trial should come to an end; it may be far more to our advantage that by its pressure we should learn patience. Sweet are the uses of adversity, and our prudent Father in heaven will not deprive us of those benefits. Strength imparted to the soul is an inestimable boon; it means courage, fortitude, assurance, heroism. By his word and Spirit the Lord can make the trembler brave, the sick whole, the weary bright. This soul-might will continue: the man having been strengthened for one emergency remains vigorous for life, and is prepared for all future labours and sufferings; unless, indeed, he throw away his force by unbelief, or pride, or some other sin. When God strengthens, none can weaken. Then is our soul strong indeed when the Lord infuses might into us.
Psalms 138:4
psa 138:4
Psa 138:4
"All the kings of the earth shall praise thee, O Lord, when they hear the words of thy mouth." Kings have usually small care to hear the word of the Lord; but King David feels assured that if they do hear it they will feel its power. A little piety goes a long way in courts; but brighter days are coming, in which rulers will become hearers and worshippers: may the advent of such happy times be hastened. What an assembly Ira "all the kings of the earth!" What a purpose! Gathered to hear the words of Jehovah's mouth. What a preacher! David himself rehearses the words of Jehovah. What praise I when they all in happy union lift up their songs unto the Lord. Kings are as gods below, and they do well when they worship the God above. The way of conversion for kings is the same as for ourselves: faith to them also cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God. Happy are those who can cause the word of the Lord to penetrate palaces; for the occupants of thrones are usually the last to know the joyful sounds of the gospel. David, the king, cared for kings' souls, and it will be wise for each man to look first after those who are of his own order. He went to his work of testimony with full assurance of success: he meant to speak only the words of Jehovah's mouth, and he felt sure that the kings would hear and praise Jehovah.
Psa 138:5
"Yea, they shall sing in the ways of the Lord." Here is a double wonder - kings in God's ways, and kings singing there. Let a man once know the ways of Jehovah, and he will find therein abundant reason for song; but the difficulty is to bring the great ones of the earth into ways so little attractive to the carnal mind. Perhaps when the Lord sends us a King David to preach, we shall yet see monarchs converted and hear their voices raised in devout adoration. "For great is the glory of the Lord." This glory shall overshadow all the greatness and glory of all kings: they shall be stirred by a sight of it to obey and adore. O that Jehovah's glory were revealed even now! O that the blind eyes of men could once behold it, then their hearts would be subdued to joyful reverence. David, under a sense of Jehovah's glory, exclaimed, "I will sing" (Psa 138:1), and here he represents the kings as doing the same thing.
Psalms 138:6
psa 138:6
8 The Lord will perfect that which concerneth me: thy mercy, O Lord, endureth for ever - forsake not the works of thine own hands.
Psa 138:6
"Though the Lord be high." In greatness, dignity, and power, Jehovah is higher than the highest. His nature is high above the comprehension of his creatures, and his glory even exceeds the loftiest soarings of imagination. "Yet hath he respect unto the lowly." He views them with pleasure, thinks of them with care, listens to their prayers, and protects them from evil. Because they think little of themselves he thinks much of them. They reverence him, and he respects them. They are low in their own esteem, and he makes them high in his esteem. "But the proud he knoweth afar off." He does not need to come near them in order to discover their utter vanity: a glance from afar reveals to him their emptiness and offensiveness. He has no fellowship with them, but views them from a distance; he is not deceived, but knows the truth about them, despite their blustering; he has no respect unto them, but utterly abhors them. To a Cain's sacrifice, a Pharaoh's promise, a Rabshakeh's threat, and a Pharisee's prayer, the Lord has no respect. Nebuchadnezzar, when far off from God, cried, "Behold this great Babylon which I have builded;" but the Lord knew him, and sent him grazing with cattle. Proud men boast loudly of their culture and "the freedom of thought," and even dare to criticize their Maker: but he knows them from afar, and will keep them at arm's length in this life, and shut them up in hell in the next.
Psa 138:7
"Though I walk in the midst of trouble, thou wilt revive me." If I am walking there now, or shall be doing so in years to come, I have no cause for fear; for God is with me, and will give me new life. When we are somewhat in trouble it is bad enough, but it is worse to penetrate into the centre of that dark continent and traverse its midst: yet in such a case the believer makes progress, for he walks; he keeps to a quiet pace, for he does no more than walk; and he is not without the best of company, for his God is near to pour fresh life into him. It is a happy circumstance that, if God be away at any other time, yet he is pledged to be with us in trying hours: "when thou passest through the rivers I will be with thee." He is in a blessed condition who can confidently use the language of David, m "thou wilt revive me." He shall not make his boast of God in vain: he shall be kept alive, and made more alive than ever. How often has the Lord quickened us by our sorrows! Are they not his readiest means of exciting to fulness of energy the holy life which dwells within us? If we receive reviving, we need not regret affliction. When God revives us, trouble will never harm us. "Thou shalt stretch forth thine hand against the wrath of mine enemies, and thy right hand shall save me." This is the fact which would revive fainting David. Our foes fall when the Lord comes to deal with them; he makes short work of the enemies of his people, - with one hand he routs them. His wrath soon quenches their wrath; his hand stays their hand. Adversaries may be many, and malicious, and mighty; but our glorious Defender has only to stretch out his arm and their armies vanish. The sweet singer rehearses his assurance of salvation, and sings of it in the ears of the Lord, addressing him with this confident language. He will be saved, - saved dexterously, decidedly, divinely; he has no doubt about it. God's right hand cannot forget its cunning; Jerusalem is his chief joy, and he will defend his own elect.
Psa 138:8
"The Lord will perfect that which concerneth me." All my interests are safe in Jehovah's hands.
"The work which his goodness began,
The arm of his strength will complete;
His promise is yea and Amen,
And never was forfeited yet."
God is concerned in all that concerns his servants. He will see to it that none of their precious things shall fail of completion; their life, their strength, their hopes, their graces, their pilgrimage, shall each and all be perfected. Jehovah himself will see to this; and therefore it is most sure. "Thy mercy, O Lord, endureth for ever." The refrain of the former Psalm is in his ears, and he repeats it as his own personal conviction and consolation. The first clause of the verse is the assurance of faith, and this second one reaches to the full assurance of understanding. God's work in us will abide unto perfection because God's mercy towards us thus abideth. "Forsake not the works of thine own hands." Our confidence does not cause us to live without prayer, but encourages us to pray all the more. Since we have it written upon our hearts that God will perfect his work in us, and we see it also written in Scripture that his mercy changeth not, we with holy earnestness entreat that we may not be forsaken. If there be anything good in us, it is the work of God's own hands: will he leave it? Why has he wrought so much in us if he means to give us up? - it will be a sheer waste of effort. He who has gone so far will surely persevere with us to the end. Our hope for the final perseverance of the believer lies in the final perseverance of the believer's God. If the Lord begins to build, and does not finish, it will not be to his honour. He will have a desire to the work of his hands, for he knows what it has cost him already, and he will not throw away a vessel upon which he has expended so much of labour and skill. Therefore do we praise him with our whole heart, even in the presence of those who depart from his Holy Word, and set up another God and another gospel; which are not another, but there be some that trouble us.
Next: Psalms Chapter 139
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The Pirates! Band of Misfits is all over the map. Literally! At several points in the film, we watch the pirates move across a map! On the way, they drop little red floats behind them, to mark their path! Ha ha!
I feel comfortable opening this review with that sort of creaky humor because the film feels comfortable including it. Also because it really is all over the map. A gag wherein a cannon takes coins like a laundromat washing machine is banged up against a joke about London society's passing interest in Joseph "The Elephant Man" Merrick, which in turn shares space with the notion that Charles Darwin was just a poor schlub who did science in an effort to impress the ladies. Oh, and that pirates live for ham night.
It's surprisingly adult for an animated film, laced with casual references to running people through, exotic diseases, and a crest for the Royal Society of Science that reads, "Playing God Since 18 something or other." At the same time, it's surprisingly silly for a film about thieves and murderers. The Queen of England doesn't hate pirates because they steal. She hates them because of "the idiot shanties" and "the ridiculous hats." And our hero, the Pirate Captain, isn't in it for the looting. He just wants to be Pirate of the Year.
What holds everything together (and keeps it sailing through a few patches of storytelling doldrums) is the wonderful Aardman animation, which is here pushed to new heights and depths and breadths and levels of detail. Whether the goings-on are lowbrow slapstick, grand-scale action, or the exchanges of gentle witticisms, it's just fun to look at. The company has found a niche between Pixar's breathtaking beauty and Dreamworks' crazy funtimes: slower and more old-fashioned, but still delightful.
Reader rating: two stars
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Spanish Pages | Poetry | Dialogue of CulturesMaps
What’s New
The LaRouche Youth Movement and Classical Music
EIRNS/Gene Schenk
John Sigerson conducting LaRouche Youth Movement chorus, performing Bach Motet, ‘Jesu Meine Freude,’ in Jan. 2005,in Washington, D.C,
Related Pages
The LaRouche Show from July 2, 2005
(listen to the show)
Some of our listeners might wonder today, why are we devoting today’s LaRouche Show, to a discussion of Classical music? Joining me as my guest today, will be John Sigerson, from our studio in Leesburg, Virginia. John has worked for many years with Lyndon LaRouche on reviving the Classical tradition, in choral music in particular, that has been under fierce attack for centuries, and has nearly been lost to us. And part of what John has been doing, with some collaborators in Leesburg, is to revive this tradition.
Also on the show with us today, is a panel of LaRouche Youth Movement members, who have been involved in a special project launched by LaRouche, to do work with Johann Sebastian Bach’s Jesu, meine Freude. These include Jenny Kreingold and Megan Beets from Boston, and MyHoa Steger is with me in the Los Angeles office.
John, Welcome to the LaRouche Show.
John Sigerson: Hi!
Sigerson: Yeah, I manage.
Schlanger: Lyndon has written extensively about his lifelong effort to revive the method of communicating ideas which we associate with the great Classical composer, in particular Bach, Mozart, and Beethoven. Several weeks ago, we had Bruce Director on the show as a guest to discuss LaRouche’s article “Vernadsky and the Dirichlet Principle.” And then, in an article that came out in this week’s EIR, called “Man’s Original Creations,” Lyn wrote about your work with the LaRouche Youth Movement chorus on the Jesu, meine Freude, as a means of expanding insights into Bach’s intentions as a crucial case-study in mastering these principles of creativity in art.
John, what is it that people can discover by rigorous work of the sort that you've undertaken, and what discoveries have you made in this process?
Sigerson: Well, it’s been a long process. I've worked with Lyn for well over 30 years now on these matters, and struggled with these questions of, actually, all the way back from when I first started working with LaRouche. My preoccupation was the relationship between music and culture, and anything else having to do with the real world—since I grew up in the counterculture where I was being inundated with the argument that it had absolutely nothing to do the real world, that this was your private fantasy life.
But, I knew, and had a sense, that it was something more. And over the years, what LaRouche has been talking about, in terms of the unity, the same ideas being applicable in great Classical music, and in the principles according to which a healthy economy must be run, this became clearer.
It all has to do, though, with the fundamental idea that LaRouche has emphasized, really, ever since he began teaching his classes to young people back in the 1960s, which is that, your fundamental measure of truth has to be—and really, the only fundamental measure of something that is truth, or truthful, has to be something related to the increase in mankind’s potential. It’s a relative—at that point he talked about the relative potential population-density.
Schlanger: John, this is not an abstract concept, either. This idea of increasing the power of man. It is something which is measurable through this idea of potential relative population-density.
Sigerson: Precisely. And you have to keep in mind, that what we're talking about here, is this case of potential: That is, something that increases the power of mankind over the Biosphere—to use the Vernadskian term of that. The power of the Noˆsphere over the Biosphere. And, when you're talking about music, LaRouche’s latest discussions of the Vernadsky principle in a recent article in EIR, really helps clarify it. Because, when you're dealing with scientific work, creative scientific work, you're dealing with the questions relating to the questions to the Noˆsphere’s action on the Biosphere.
When you're dealing with musical work, it’s really the same principles involved. But, what you're dealing with is the operations of the Noˆsphere on the Noˆsphere: That is, you're actually increasing the potential, then, for us to be able to make changes throughout the universe, make discoveries throughout the universe.
Schlanger: John, there are some people listening, who probably don't know exactly what you mean by the concept “Noˆsphere.” Why don't you just fill them in on that?
Sigerson: Right. Vernadsky has an idea, of his concept of three different domains of existence: the abiotic, that is the dead things; the biotic, things that are living; and then, on top of that you have the noetic principle, which is the principle of mental or human cognitive action. And those three have a relationship to each other, but they're guided by quite different principles, the highest principle being that of the Noˆsphere. And as Vernadsky makes the argument, that increasingly over the history of the development of the Solar System, the Noˆsphere—that is, what you might call, or what some philosophers called, the “metaphysical” realm—has come to increasingly predominate over the entire Solar System, and potentially and implicitly, over further parts of our universe as well.
So, the Noˆsphere is the sum—it’s not just the sum—but it’s the unity of all mental creative activity, which is based on valid principles, valid principles of the way that the universe works; and also valid discoveries of those principles, in the sovereign individual minds of individual human beings.
Schlanger: Now, before we listen to the opening of the Bach piece, just to follow that point up, there are many people who still argue, even people who are relatively intelligent, who argue that “Well, music is a matter of taste. How can you say there’s truth or knowable principles in music?” How do you answer those people?
Sigerson: Well, it largely revolves around your conception of what music is, because you could a valid—for instance, if you had a piece of the kind of background music you hear on the television all the time and so forth—you could say, “yes, that indeed is totally arbitrary.” So, it really revolves around what you're talking about, when you're talking about real music.
The main—what we're talking about with music is Classical music based on Classical principles of art. These are the same principles that govern the discovery of physical principle. See, people have an odd idea about what a principle is. They think that a principle, like when you think about a principle in science, you think about it as some kind of a formula. Right? You plug it in, and somehow, something works. Well, that’s really not what a principle is, even in physical science. A principle is a discovery of an ordering process. For instance, you hear the term “technology” and you see a machine. Well, what is the “technology” of that machine? Is it the individual parts of that machines? Obviously not. Leibniz makes this point: That is, what you're looking at, is the organization of that machine, the internal organization of that machine, which makes it do something that the individual parts couldn't possibly do.
Now, can you touch the machine? That’s an interesting question. Because the machine itself, is that concept, is that grasping of the principle governing the way that machine is put together. It’s not the physical thing itself.
Schlanger: Here’s the argument someone would say: Well, you can touch a machine, but you can't touch the musical notes.
Sigerson: [laughs] I don't quite get your—
Schlanger: Well, people would say, there’s something “tangible” in science. But when you're talking about truthfulness in music—
Sigerson: Well, what I'm saying, what is the essence of the machine is that which you can not touch. And it’s precisely that way with the essence of something that’s living, and precisely that’s the essence of something which is an idea itself: That is, that which—this goes all the way back to Plato’s argument about the question of “form” being a higher level of reality than material.
And that’s precisely what we've got in music, because what we're dealing with forms of forms in music. That is, the form of organization of human thought. And, the way that a piece of music is composed, or put together, if it’s a great Classical piece of music, represents a discovery of how a new way of actually composing and organizing thoughts—the realm of thought—in a way that increases the potential of mankind to make a potentially infinite number of other types of discoveries.
Schlanger: Well, why don't we get a concrete example of that by listening to the opening of the Jesu, meine Freude and the idea that was there from Bach, which we'll discuss after we hear this; and then, how you worked with the chorus. And then we'll hear from some of the people in the Boston chorus.
Sigerson: Sure. [plays opening of Boston LYM chorus singing Jesu, meine Freude]
Schlanger: John, why don't you give us a little summary of what we just heard.
Sigerson: That’s the opening chorale of Bach’s motet, Jesu, meine Freude. “Jesu, meine Freude” meaning “Jesus, my joy,” which was a chorale that went back before Bach’s day—it was almost, you might call it a “popular tune” at the time. And this motet has many different sections, and what is remarkable about it, is, it holds together probably more than any piece preceding it, in terms of something people had composed earlier. It holds together as a unit idea, better than any other piece that I can think of.
What I wanted to just point out, in the opening, is, that the piece, although it might not be obvious to you when you listen to it first, the piece, even the opening, is highly ironical. To be specific, in the very opening, you have the “Jesu, meine Freude,” which is, yes, you have a melody [sings melody]; but, you have three other parts, because this is polyphony—that is, it has many voices, in this cases, four voices working with each other and across each other. And at the very opening, you have a fascinating interplay between not just the sopranos, but the sopranos, the altos, and the tenors, so that, to put a fine point on it, you've got [starts the “melody” in the soprano voice] “Jesu, mei—” and then the altos come in “meine”; and that literal “meine” which goes across the voices is what you might call a cross-voice. And it goes across a very specific interval, which is called the “Lydian interval” is the best way to term it. Which indicates a kind of an ironical mode, which is neither the major nor the minor mode which you're used to thinking about, but it’s a much more complex mode, in a way that relates to these other modes. And the entire cluster represents what you might call a “modality.”
Now, the thing that I wanted to point out, is that if you listen the next piece—some people may just call it a “dissonance,” but that’s sort of beside the point. It’s a Lydian cross-reference. [sings the cross-interval, “Jesu, meine”]
In the next piece that you're going to hear, which is a little bit further on, what he takes is that ironical cross-voice, which is on the word “meine,” not at the very beginning, and he puts it right at the very beginning of the piece. This is this piece called “Trotz den alten Drachen” or “Despite the Old Dragon.” And in the word “Trotz,” he has this very shocking interval, which is actually the same interval, that you hear on the “meine” but in a way that’s not as evident. Let’s hear that—just the very opening bar. [plays the selection]
Okay. You hear that? [sings “Trotz” in the same interval] That’s that interval, which creates that very—you might call it “unstable” sense. And these things, even though you might not be to hear them as clearly as a trained musician can hear it, nonetheless, even to an untrained audience, these kind of subtleties can actually create an effect which can elevate the mind and can bring people into the realm of ideas, and bring them onto a higher level of ideas.
Schlanger: I think that example—I believe the recording from the Boston LYM chorus singing is available on one of our websites. We'll get you that information before the end of the show today, so you can hear it, and study it yourself.
Now, John, just a follow-up question on that: What Lyndon LaRouche has been focussing on quite a bit recently, is this principle of polyphony, or polyphonic counterpoint. And he makes what to some might seem a startling comment, that the development of an understanding of polyphonic counterpoint, is necessary of the advancement of human civilization. So, how do you go from hearing that effect, to this question of how polyphony develops the capacity to think?
Sigerson: Well—Lyn describes that—I'd just like to read you a quote from his “Vernadsky” piece which I think is helpful, I think, in that respect. He says, that “In its broader expression, creativity is expressed by Classical modes of artistic composition ... in plastic and non-plastic art-forms and their application to other aspects of human practice. Creativity is not something optional in human choices of behavior; that is the only thing which actually distinguishes your choice of political candidate, or painter or musician, from the apes.
In other words, LaRouche is saying that it is precisely these aspects of these discoveries of principles of musical ordering, which allow you to conceive of orderings in all sorts of other realms, for instance, the political realm, the realm of physical economy. He says, later on, and again, he emphasizes this with italics:
Now, John what I'd like to do, is bring in our youth panelists into the discussion. [station id]
First of all, let me bring in the two panelists from Boston, Jenny Kreingold and Megan Beets. How are you? Welcome to the show.
Now, you've been involved in a project in Boston, where you've been working with the chorus, including with John. Jenny, why don't you just tell us a little bit about what you've been doing?
Jenny Kreingold: Well, we've been up here in Boston for about a year, now, since the Boston [Democratic National] Convention, and we've had a very intensive project focussed on the motet that you just heard excerpts of. And there’s a whole group here of organizers, who spent about three or four months, intensively learning this motet. And now, we're at the point, because people have a really good sense of the motet, now we can really dive into understanding Bach’s method. And so, we've been doing a couple things here to accentuate that work.
There are a couple of things we've been working on. We just finished a series on looking at Bach’s Musical Offering, where every week, we were investigating different kind of compositional jokes and riddles that Bach was using to get you to think about how to transform an idea. And we were using instruments to play some of these, we were singing them, and trying to get some of the newest members of the Youth Movement, and students that we're meeting, involved in that process.
One of the key aspects to the development, especially in this Bach piece, is it’s actually rather difficult technically. There are some parts of it that are very difficult, especially some of the tenor lines. So, one of the key aspects, of course, which LaRouche is always hitting on, is the development of the bel canto singing voice. So, we've been doing some intensive work on that here. John has been coming up once a month, working with us, and we've just recently started voice lessons in the evenings, to help some of the newest people also develop their voices.
Schlanger: Let me point out to the listeners, that when you're talking about people working on this: These are full-time LaRouche youth organizers, right?
Kriengold: Right. These are full-time organizers, and then also, what we try to do here, is any time a newer person whom we meet or from a campus, or somebody we call, comes in, to try to introduce them to at least give them a sense of the beauty of their own voice. You'd be surprised at how soon, how quickly somebody can actually discover that they have a voice!
Schlanger: We're going to have to take a quick station break, and then we'll get back with Jenny and Megan from Boston, and MyHoa from Los Angeles, and more from John. By the way, we will take your emails....[station id]
Now, we were just talking to Jenny Kreingold from Boston LaRouche Youth Movement on the work that’s on in Boston. We also have from Boston, Megan Beets, who has been with this process from the beginning. We were talking about how we were bringing new people into the choral work. Megan, I assume that we're bringing people into our office who have very little experience with singing or with Classical music. What’s your sense? How long does it take for someone to get hit with this idea that there’s something more to Classical music, than some background elevator music, or something.
Megan Beets: [laughs] I would agree with Jenny, I think it happens very quickly. And we notice this on the street when we organize, a lot. We came up here, right after the Boston Convention, this was after this convention where about 100 of us were running around Boston, as we organized singing. LaRouche characterized it as the magic of music.
And it took us a little while to discover that when we got back on the streets of Boston. And you had a group of probably about 15 of us, deploying into the streets as a chorus, not just as some isolated organizers running around, organizing the population, but as a force of people creating a dynamic. And it was interesting: When we would sing on the streets, or even when we would bring people into our office and sing, there’s a very profound effect on the mind of the person walking by. Because it becomes very obvious that we're something different than they thought.
You know, it has a certain emotional effect on people coming into our office. It’s pretty—the beauty of Bach, it’s pretty inspiring. And so, we've had a lot of breakthroughs with new people coming around, that have very quickly made breakthroughs with their voices.
Schlanger: I know one of the places we organize is outside the Berkeley School of Music in Boston. Are we starting to get through some of those hard-heads there?
Beets: Definitely! We've gotten through so much that they kick us off, every time we try to set up there.
Beets: Yeah, definitely. Berkeley was a place where we've recruited—we recruited some students from there. But, whenever we would go out there and organize as chorus, it would be the most effective. We would have a very dynamic group of students around us, some enraged, some totally curious about what we were doing.
Schlanger: Okay, let me now bring in our third panelist, MyHoa Steger, who is in Los Angeles. MyHoa was recently in Los Angeles and did some work with you. What was the effect of that? What is your sense of having John there and working with people, what did it do for people?
Myhoa Steger: Having John here was great, because it came at a pretty good time, since we had a public concert, which we'd never have had here before, especially with the Jesu soon after he left. So, it was about three weeks. And what we did after he left, was mostly what the chorus discovered during the period he was here, was how to really become transparent in a chorus. So, we worked—we took his lead and we really worked hard, and very rigorously on these ideas that he had proposed in the chorus sessions, and it worked out great, with the concert.
Schlanger: So, we're going to be continuing work with the Jesu as well in Los Angeles, then?
Steger: Of course!
Schlanger: How about the recruitment? Los Angeles is the center of the modern pop culture. Boston at least has some claim to civility, I guess. And in California, you see people walking around barely wearing clothes, carrying big boom-boxes out on the sunny streets. What effect does Classical culture have on the population when we organize?
Steger: Well, we do a lot of rallies out here. A pretty memorable one, was one that we did on Sunset Boulevard, at night. It was a night deployment, I think it was a Friday evening. And this when you've got your ghouls and goblins that come out, people that just go to strip clubs, and go to their local nightclubs. But we went in with a very specific intention of elevating the individuals' minds that were about to participate in something that we knew would be less than human.
So, we went, and intervened in a force, like Jenny and Megan were talking about, this type of dynamic force, of I think it was about 25 to 30 people. And probably the most memorable point was when we created a chorus, we actually aligned a chorus outside of a strip club, because there were tons of people outside waiting to get in line. And I just got [a glimpse of] individuals, because I was conducting the chorus and couldn't really see what was happening behind me. But people from the chorus were telling me and reporting to me, that you had individuals—they could just see the changes on people’s faces. There was even a couple that was walking into the strip club, and the girl wouldn't—she didn't want to go in. The guy kept trying to pull her into the strip club, and she fought with him, and she said, “No, I'm going to stand out here and listen.”
So, it’s these types of changes that you can begin to see, or the potential changes, that you can begin to see in people.
Now, John let me bring you back in for a second: What’s been your experience with this youth generation with the work that you've done, your sense of being able to tap into something that doesn't exist in the culture. Both the people who have training, and no training—what’s your sense of the potential?
Sigerson: I mean the big difference between that, between this generation and my generation is that my generation—I grew up in a musical climate around New York, and it was a generation of know-it-alls. Everybody thought they all had it figured out. Of course, then you ask somebody, and I had some arguments with people then, for instance with a composer friend of mine, I had an argument: I said, “Well, do you acknowledge that Beethoven is the greatest music?” And he said, “Sure, yeah, Beethoven is the greatest music!” And I said, “Well, why don't you write like Beethoven?” And he said, “Well, I could, but I just don't feel like it”—right? [they both laugh]
And I mean—that was the—
Schlanger: That’s a Boomer for you!
Sigerson: Right, exactly. And even today, you have people who could probably, if they put their minds, write sort of like Beethoven, but could they write a piece that’s as great as a Beethoven? And if they could, if they say that they could, then why the heck don't they? But the fact of the matter is, they really can't. They're bluffing.
But, what’s refreshing about the youth generation, is the fact that they really don't have those pretenses. They don't know—in many cases, they're coming from a standpoint of knowing that everything that they've been given is garbage. In school, especially, everything is garbage. Which is different: Because back in the '60s, it was all garbage that we were given—there was a lot of it, but today, it’s all garbage. And so therefore, they come into contact with this, and it’s like, you can see light going on very quickly.
So, although the skill levels, I must say, are not nearly the same as what you would have had in the past. I don't mind that. I would rather have people who are clumsily discovering the truth, than people for whom everything comes really easy, and it’s just all surface effects, and there’s no actual thought involved.
Schlanger: John, I have an email here I'm going to summarize a bit. It’s from Paula Larson [ph] who identifies herself as a poet and an artist, and she raises a question—it’s about Glenn Gould, but I don't want to get into specific interpretations. But, she does raise an interesting point: She says, that one of the things she finds in Gould, that there’s not a dynamic change in his playing of Bach that’s tapped into. Whereas what LaRouche is pointing towards and what you're discussing, actually does get at this deeper question.
Sigerson: Well, you have—to really get a sense of it, you have to also include other aspects of Classical art, like Classical drama. And you have to think about Schiller’s “overall” dictum, where he said that the greatest work of art, is the creation of political freedom. And indeed, when you're looking at these art forms, you're constantly dealing with this question of irony, as LaRouche is emphasizing over and over, in his latest piece [”Man’s Original Creations”?]. That you have to have an ironical view of political action, in order to get things done.
Constantly, people are coming up to us now, and as the LaRouche movement’s influence is growing, and come up to us with this individual issue and that individual issue. And, in some cases, they're right, but as LaRouche will always tell them, “Well, you're right but you're wrong, because you're not grasping the ironies involved of this particular issue in its relationship to the entirety of the whole political situation, the whole economic collapse, the impending economic collapse of the entire financial system.” And so, unless you deal with every single individual issue that you're talking to people about, in that ironical way, you'll always get into a trap. I think that this is something—it’s instruction in avoiding those kinds of potential traps that great Classical tragedy, and also Classical art, are uniquely able to help us figure out.
Schlanger: So, it increases the capacity of someone in the audience to look at the world differently. As Lyn often this cites this question from Schiller, of someone leaving a theater a better person than they were coming in, it’s through the encounter, the development, the stimulation in their mind of the ability to recognize these ironical juxtapositions.
Sigerson: Yes, and feel potent as a human individual. And not to feel like somehow, you're the victim of the anonymous forces, which are acting on you. But, you're actually—you're not a victim of the gods, but rather you're acting like Prometheus. A Prometheus who says, “No. These gods are not running the show. That I know that there is within me a principle that lives, that is beyond those anonymous gods who seem to be calling the shots. But there’s an actual active, dynamic principle which is governing what I do. And I, as a human, creative individual, am potent to be able to change—to grasp those principles, and to change the universe. One single individual can change the universe.” That’s the kind of optimism that you need in order to operate politically today.
Schlanger: Now, we have an email here, John—we'll get back to the LYM panel in a moment—but we have an email from a collaborator from Denmark. Michelle Rasmussen, from the Schiller Institute in Denmark, who actually wrote an interesting article several years ago in Fidelio on the relationship between Bach and Mozart; Mozart’s use of Bach’s compositions to advance the principle of fugal counterpoint.
She has a question for you, that I know a lot of people are asking. It’s a complex question, but give us a concise stretto type answer to it. What she asks, “Can you please discuss LaRouche’s idea of modality? And how that is expressed in Jesu, meine Freude or [Mozart’s] Ave Verum Corpus?”
Sigerson: Okay: Modality has to do—it’s really, in a certain sense, it’s very simple, because, for those people who are educated in music, you have to clear away all of the accumulate flotsam and jetsam of the idea of a “mode”; because they teach these “modes.” This has a long history of academic discussion.
But, a modality is something very simple: It means simply a way of getting something done—frankly. It means a way—in a certain sense, it’s related mathematically to a function. That is a function, which is also something that—a function is not an equation. A function is something that actually gets work accomplished; as opposed to simply a passive equation, where “a=b.”
So, the point is that the mode in these modalities are clusters of both combining of modes, but also there are rhythmical elements involved in that. So, when you're dealing with something like Jesu, meine Freude, usually what you have in many of these great Classical pieces, you're talking about a modality which encompasses at least two, or possibly three or even more types of modes. In the Jesu, meine Freude you've got E-minor, which is your basic mode of the piece, but also there’s a strong element of a C-Major/minor mode in it, which is there. And if you add to that, these cross-voice Lydians in the very opening of the piece, in this ironical way that I showed you—at the beginning of the piece and also going into the “Trotz,” where the relationship is reverse: if you think of that as a unit, then you've got LaRouche’s idea, and the idea of a modality. Okay? It’s not something that’s reducible to a series of tones.
Schlanger: I think, if I get what you're saying, that one of the things that we're talking about, is why Bruce Director was saying that when you look at this question of the development of the principle of modality, you're beginning to look at the same kind of complexity that you find in the Dirichlet principle, where you have an increasing density of activity, but it’s still defined by a single principle.
Sigerson: Yes, indeed. And if you look at some of the pieces by Beethoven, there’s some critical pieces, like in his Opus 106 piano sonata, the Hammerklavier, there’s a famous section, which then Brahms later took up on, which actually has what you call a “keyless mode,” where he frees himself of a particular key. And you can not even identify what particular key it is—but it is mode! And indeed, by moving through all these particular modes, he creates a new kind of modality. Which then, as I said, Brahms picks up on later.
Schlanger: We have a lot of questions, but I'm going to bring back the LYM panel members, and I'm sure they have questions also, I think they'd like to add. Jenny, do you have something else?
Kreingold: Well, I could just point out that, I think one of the things that’s really important about this, is the development of these ideas for young people, who are coming from a no-future generation. It’s actually not as much of a fight to get young people to discover the beauty of their potential, like John was talking about in the beginning, as you would think it is. Because, there’s a certain positive affect that it has immediately, and young people actually see that.
One thing I wanted to point out, was the case of a young lady, who is actually an Israeli refusenik. She was coming around our movement for a while. And she came into a rehearsal, and she heard us singing the Jesu, meine Freude and she got completely moved by it. Because she doesn't really have access to that, in the kind of political layers that she’s in, in Israel. And it just gave her a more profound sense of the kind of political effect that we can have internationally. And I thought that was important to point out.
Schlanger: Jenny, you would probably agree that there’s actually a hunger for people with no future, the idea that when they discover that through studying questions, really working on principles of science and music, and then the relationship to politics, that—as John said, earlier—one person can have an effect on the world: there’s a hunger to find that, isn't there?
Kreingold: Oh yeah, completely. Most people whom we're meeting want to figure out this music question in some way. It’s really paradoxical for people, who see us out, who see this guy LaRouche who ran for President, and he’s talking about how evil Cheney is, and a few paragraphs later in his speech, he’s talking about Classical principles and bel canto singing. And it’s a really good paradox for people to encounter!
Schlanger: John, I have a question for you from Jennifer Chen [ph] in Washington, D.C., another member of the LaRouche Youth Movement there in D.C., who spent the week saturating the Congress with the recent transcripts of the webcast [on June 16, by Lyndon LaRouche]. She asks, “In investigating the idea of our ability in the chorus to increase the noetic, how exactly does the cross-voicing play into this?” So, again, it’s a question on this—the question of cross-voicing.
Schlanger: You make the instrument sing.
Sigerson: Right, right. It’s actually singing four voices. And all these instruments, these musical instruments—which are dead things—properly handled, can only be made living if they're singing, if they're imitating, and replicating—not note for note, but replicating the way that the human voice works.
Cross-voices are all over the place, once you deal with polyphony. I think the thing that Jennifer is asking, is how do you distinguish, how do you say “this cross-voice is important, and this one isn't”?
Well, first of all, you have to stand back, and look at a whole piece, and think about it as a personality. Like you think about a human being. What is it, that makes that human being, or that piece, unique? What is it about it? And you have to answer that, you have to really think about that. And, once you get that idea across, then you will find that you won't have as much difficulty in locating those particular cross-voices which are the things which make that piece unique. You will generally find these associated with register shifts, shifts in register; or, sudden movements across voices, as opposed to within a particular voice; although, sometimes they're in a particular voice. And you'll find clusters of ironies that way.
They also are, quite often, with Classical music, associated with intervals which some would call “dissonant”: like, for instance, the Lydian interval. But also there are other ones which Beethoven exploited quite a bit, for instance, the diminished fourth which is related to that.
So, you have to start from the whole, and then you hone in. That’s the way you do it. Don't work from the bottom up.
Schlanger: Working from the bottom up, is never a good idea!
Well, we're down to about seven minutes, and I want to bring both Megan and MyHoa back in.
I just want to emphasize, that the material that’s being discussed, the ideas discussed are contained in a number of articles by Lyndon LaRouche, recently, in EIR. But they're also available through Fidelio magazine, which has had a series of articles in the last decade taking up these questions. If you need this material—and the answer to that is, yes, you do need it—give us a call at 888-347-3258.
And I think, John, based on the interest we've had from the emails, we'll have to do this again, because obviously there is a hunger for understanding what it is people are hearing when they listening to Classical music.
Sigerson: Sure! Well, the big question is—and this is sort of the $64,000, or I guess now it would be called $64 million question—
Schlanger: Well, with inflation, it’s probably $64 trillion!
Sigerson: Yeah, right. That is: Okay, we had Beethoven, we had Brahms, and so forth. We've had a century which has been a wasteland, literally a wasteland with flotsam and jetsam around, but really no great composers of that stature, if you want to be honest about it. So, where are we going to get these? Are they all gone!? Can we have more Beethovens?
Schlanger: I think there’s a question from a supporter sending in an email, asking about that. I'm going to forward you, or make sure you get these emails, John. There are more coming in.
Megan, did you have anything else you want to bring up. For those who don't know, Megan did a wonderful presentation at a conference a few years ago, on why you can't compose using “rules.” And Lyn referred to it, as “Megan’s Revenge.” Megan, go ahead.
Beets: Yeah, I wanted to bring up, the reason that we began working on the Jesu, meine Freude in the first place—I think it was about a year and a half, or two years ago—was LaRouche was getting a lot of questions from members of the Youth Movement on, “Okay, we're discovering these profound ideas with Gauss, and the science work—but, how do we communicate those to the population?” And so, LaRouche responded by assigning us the Jesu, meine Freude.
And I wanted to bring up the really important social dynamic it’s created, not just in our organizing the population, but amongst the organizers. I was reflecting on our chorus rehearsal this morning, that, when you're participating in a chorus rehearsal, working on a piece of this magnitude, you have—first of all, each of the voices in this motet has a unique personality. So, if you're singing the soprano voice, your mind can follow a certain development of your voice, but you're also in the context of the whole. And we had done a lot of work last summer, on very rigorously learning every part of the piece, so that each soprano knew all the tenor parts, all the bass parts, and so on, throughout the chorus.
And it had a very profound effect, because you realize that you're not just some diva, singing your line to be heard, but that you have to subject yourself to the idea of the composer. And that obviously, Bach had a much more complex idea in his mind than you probably thought.
And so, it creates a unique social dynamic amongst the organizers, because they're participating in a very profound process, reliving the mind of Bach, but you're reliving it with other human beings. And it has a very beautiful emotional effect, and that’s not the kind of social relationship you get anywhere else in our culture.
Schlanger: In fact, I just did a class based on being prodded by Lyn on this same question. Someone asked the question, “how do we improve social relations?” And Lyn spoke about the relationship between Haydn and Mozart in collaboration, working on Bach, to develop the string quartet. So, I think this kind of question is really an important one: That the idea of polyphony is one that people really need to think about and work on.
MyHoa, anything more from you?
Steger: Yeah, actually, I had a question for John. But, just to comment on what Megan and Jenny had been saying about this social dynamic within the chorus: We've really been working very hard, and the idea of getting everybody to know each other’s voices and then the personality of all of the voices, soprano, alto, tenor, bass. And we've done an experiment, because of a footnote that Lyn had written in one of his papers, about how the conductor is really the individual who hears the whole. And so, we're experimenting right now with different people coming up and conducting and getting a chance to experiment and get a sense of what that whole is, or what the idea of transparency is.
But, just a question to John, on the question of what Lyn’s talking with musical insight. We've been having discussions on that here. I don't know if you had anything you wanted to say about it.
Schlanger: Do you have any insights into that, John? You have about a minute.
Sigerson: Well, I think it’s related to what you might call “wisdom” which is something you develop over a long time. I think it more has to do with instinct. I think the most important thing about that developing insight, is that you've got to have a certain kind of humility with respect to these great composers, Beethoven, Bach, Schubert, and so forth. You've got to really approach them with a great deal of humility, and realize that you've got a tremendous amount to learn from them. And never get so full of your own ideas, that you won't do that. I would also say that that’s also the case, with relationship to Lyndon LaRouche, personally. Is that you also have to develop your relationship to him, as an individual, and his ideas, and not feel that you have to go off, and invent your own ideas. He’s got a wealth of ideas there, that if you only master them, then there’s a lot of insight that you can develop that way.
Schlanger: Thank you, John. I would say, that if you think about the emphasis on Bach and Gauss, as the core curriculum for the LaRouche Youth Movement, what you're really talking about, is a dialogue across the centuries, which goes back to the Pythagoreans, who had something to say about both music and science; through Plato, Cusa, and so on.
John, I'd like to thank you, and thank our panelists, today. This has been an interesting discussion. I wasn't sure how we could actually talk about music on a show, but I think it gave people a lot to think about.
This is The LaRouche Show, Saturday, July 2, 2005. Join us again next week—and, do some organizing!
Related Articles
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Plug-and-Play Macroscopes
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Skip to content
• PMaC
PMaC: Performance Modeling and Characterization
The mission of the SDSC Performance Modeling and Characterization (PMaC) laboratory is to bring scientific rigor to the prediction and understanding of factors affecting the performance of current and projected HPC platforms.
PMaC is funded by the Department of Energy (SciDac PERC research grant), the Department of Defense (NAVO MSRC PET program), DARPA, and the National Science Foundation's STI (Strategic Technologies for the Internet) program. The steering committee of the HPC Users Forum advocates for project guidance on behalf of researchers.
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Here's a problem: broad matches on keywords that have two meanings (homonyms – for my second grade English teacher….see I did pay attention!). Words like plant, resume, wind, record, produce, etc… And here's another one: other variations of the services you need to negate. Auctions are a great example for that one. So what is the problem with these? Let's go over them.
When you use a general word on broad match that has a second meaning, half of the time you could be showing up for non relevant queries
Not only do the lack of clicks in that case lower your quality score and increase your cost per click, but you may end up with non relevant clicks costing you money.
One thing we like to do with these is to take the non relevant version of the word and do some two and three word searches in the Google keyword tool to generate a great list of negative terms to include.
It is important to remember to negate the other meanings of these words to keep your costs down and your quality score high so that you get more exposure in the ad bidding auctions.
Services with other variations
When you have auction sites, etc… you forget that there are a ton of different ways that auctions can be run, as well as types of auctions. You have silent, blind, penny, fixed, airport, online, car, estate, auction houses, high end, low end, etc…
If your business only focuses on one kind of auction, but you insist on bidding on general terms like auctions, you could be wasting a ton of money and relying on your targeted terms to bring in a reasonable conversion rate.
Auction sites usually use PPC as a customer acquisition tools instead of turning a profit off of a single sale like many online stores and merchants do. This is because auction sites usually have long term or repeat customer relationships and purchases with multiple bids and sales which generate multiple revenues each time. The addiction to bidding generates a lot of income which is why they have a larger margin for customer acquisition.
If you are running PPC for services like auctions, remember to include things like airport codes, cattle, sheep, cars, clothing, christies, etc… in your negative list. Not only does blocking these terms make your ads more targeted by blocking out irrelevant searches, but by targeting your ads you'll also help to increase your CTR in a good way which rewards you with lower CPCs.
Adam Riemer
Adam Riemer Marketing, LLC
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• 2010
Nov 3
4:32 PM
A Very Personal Journey
Several years ago, my friend Ashley wrote about her first marathon for SELF. It was, and remains, one of my favorite stories, not only for the writing and honesty but for the fact that she admitted that she had never been a runner and that because she suffered from asthma as a child, she'd never run more than a block. It was quite the journey from never-ever to marathon finisher, and along the way we laughed and cried with her as she described the humility and tenacity it took. She did it, despite the fact that those around her had their doubts. Now, she updates this story with a touching piece about why she ran again two years ago.
As we enter the Marathon week here in NYC I can honestly tell you many of the people I love to train with are driven by memories and the wish to honor those who they love and who have died, to honor their own commitment to excellence, and simply to grieve and mourn in a physical and healthy way. It's powerful stuff, and motivating. And my heart and respect and love go out to those who run to heal and to make personal statements public. I thank Ashley for sharing her story, and think you will all benefit from having read it.
Ashley with her father
After running my first marathon in 1996 with a lifetime of asthma, I crossed the finish line exhausted but empowered. My busy life, however, ruined my new love affair with running. I was 36 with four children under the age of 6. My running slowly faded away.
Every year on marathon day in New York, I found myself in Central Park proudly cheering on my fellow runners as they finished those last painful miles through the splendor of the autumn trees. I hoped someday I would find another good reason to join them.
Then one day my phone rang and my father announced he had ALS. Lou Gehrig's disease, I thought, that makes no sense. He had surfed 22-foot waves in Hawaii, bench pressed 350 pounds in his 40s and exercised every day of his 80 years on earth. There was no way his body would fail him in such cruel irony. But sadly that was his fate.
One night as I watched him struggle to stand, I suddenly blurted out, "You have been such a stud throughout this nightmare. I want to do something studly for you. I am going to run the marathon again this November and I am going to run it for you." He looked at me for a few long seconds and slowly nodded. "You should do that," he quietly replied. At that moment, we both knew he would not be there to watch me as he had been so proudly 10 years before.
Two weeks later on Father's Day, he died. I had a promise to keep. Given that my first marathon took me a year of running every day, I was panicked about only having five months to get strong. So I ran. I ran all summer on Nantucket, sobbing my eyes out as my broken heart pounded, my lungs burned and my legs ached. I stared at the early morning clouds and wondered if he could see me. Those dramatic sunsets almost did me in as I found myself hunched over, heaving from exhaustion and tears. I could feel him when I ran. My father knew running would heal me and as September arrived, my legs were strong and my heart was partially on the path to being healed. The running had been just what I needed to survive the loss of this man who always cheered me on in my life.
When marathon day 2008 arrived, I was ready. As I made my way through the streets of Brooklyn and Queens, I felt happy. But I couldn't feel him. But as I entered Central Park at mile 23, I found myself hitting the wall. I looked up to the sky and whispered "Dad, I don't know if you can see me, but I am dying down here and could use some help." Suddenly, my legs felt lighter and I was sprinting past runners as I weaved my way toward the finish line. I knew he was with me. I charged across the line and collapsed, sobbing into the arms of my loving husband who stood shivering waiting in the cold for me to share in my moment.
I now run for myself but find myself from time to time looking up at the streaky clouds wondering if he is peeking down on me and smiling at what he sees.
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UCSF study shows how the brain sorts sound to make language
New research reveals complex process of turning meaningless sounds into meaningful words
Updated 12:24 am, Friday, January 31, 2014
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Scientists at UCSF have uncovered some tantalizing clues into the complex process of how the brain hears and interprets human voices, and transforms an influx of meaningless sounds into language.
Their work, which was published online Thursday, involved studying the brains of patients with epilepsy undergoing testing to help stop their seizures.
Neuroscientists have known for more than a century that one small part of the brain - called Wernicke's area, located in a region called the superior temporal gyrus - plays a critical role in how humans process language. But it's been difficult to develop a deeper, more detailed understanding of that process, partly because scientists lacked the tools to study in real time how the brain responds to split-second sounds.
The UCSF team, which also included linguists from UC Berkeley, found that when patients listened to random sentences read out loud, their brains quickly and with great precision sorted the sounds based on very clear criteria.
The brain, it seems, immediately filters language sounds into broad groupings, with small neighborhoods of neurons activating at certain sounds. The scientists were able to build brain maps of these sound neighborhoods, showing that the same neurons "lit up" each time patients heard, for example, a specific type of vowel or consonant.
"When we hear sounds or language, our brain is actually organizing this information through very particular filters - neurons that are detecting certain sounds," said Dr. Edward Chang, a UCSF neurosurgeon and lead scientist of the brain research. "The cool thing about it is you see this real clear heterogeneity in how those neurons correspond to speech. There's definitely an organization to it."
Sorting it all out
The work offers new insight into "functional organization," or how the brain collects, sorts and analyzes the massive amounts of data it's constantly flooded with. With language in particular, humans are bombarded by sounds and the brain must instantaneously sort out what's meaningful from what's not, and then collect and process the important data into familiar words and sentences.
All of that work is done in seconds, and for the most part without any conscious effort on the listener's part.
The UCSF study suggests what may be the first step in that complex process. The research is a "beautiful example" of the kind of discoveries scientists can make by taking electrical recordings directly from the brain, said Dr. Josef Parvizi, a Stanford neurologist who has done similar work on patients with epilepsy.
'Remarkable' findings
"Of course there have been tons of studies in the past, but the tools were not sophisticated and not precise," Parvizi said. "With this type of direct recording from the human brain, what Eddie (Chang)'s group is finding is remarkable."
The study involved six patients with epilepsy who were already scheduled to undergo a procedure at UCSF to treat their seizures. The procedure involves removing a piece of the skull and applying electrodes to the surface of the brain.
Seizure activity
The electrodes measure seizure activity and help surgeons identify which parts of the brain are involved in seizures. After several days of collecting measurements, surgeons then remove the part of the brain affected by seizures, assuming it's not critical to survival or quality of life.
Over the past five or so years, scientists have been using patients undergoing these procedures to study other brain activity. Since the patients are already exposing their brains for therapeutic purposes, and since they're going to be stuck in a hospital for several days with not much to do, they make rare but ideal subjects for real-time studies of the brain.
The study
In Chang's study, the patients listened to 500 English phrases recorded by 400 different speakers. While they listened, doctors recorded the electrical activity in their brains and mapped when and where neurons fired.
The scientists found that sounds were organized based on how they're formed in the mouth. So, for example, sounds like "S" and "Z" that linguists call "fricatives" - formed by partially obstructing the airway and creating friction in the vocal tract - were grouped together. Also grouped were sounds called "plosives" - including the consonants "P" and "B" - that involve using the lips or tongue to block air before releasing it all at once.
Chang said he and other neuroscientists he worked with were surprised by the results. Intuition would suggest, he said, that the brain sorts sounds similar to how people read - so, perhaps, the consonant sound "B" would have its own spot in the brain, and so would the vowel sound "ah."
Affirms assumptions
But linguists have suspected for decades that the broader groupings - the fricatives, plosives and other descriptors known as "phonetic features" - were at the foundation of language comprehension. The new work is among the first to offer physiological evidence of an old linguistic assumption, said UC Berkeley linguist Keith Johnson, who worked with Chang on the language research.
'How learning occurs'
"We've had this notion that the brain must be organized this way, because language seems to pattern this way when we look at how it changes over time," Johnson said. "So the finding that the brain is organized around (phonetic) features like that is significant. It's firming up theories about how language is organized in the brain."
Chang said their work could someday help doctors and linguists better understand language disorders and problems like dyslexia, and may even help people improve their ability to learn a second language.
"Our hope is that with this more complete knowledge of the building blocks and fundamental aspects of language, we can meaningfully think about how learning occurs," Chang said. "We can maybe even explain why some of this goes awry."
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walnuts - meaning in Telugu
Showing results for: walnut
Pronunciation of walnut
1. అక్రోటుకాయ
Inflected forms
walnuts (noun plural)
Definitions of walnut
walnut - noun
1. nut of any of various walnut trees having a wrinkled two-lobed seed with a hard shell
2. hard dark-brown wood of any of various walnut trees; used especially for furniture and paneling
3. any of various trees of the genus Juglans
Information provided on walnut
Meaning and definitions of walnut, translation in Telugu language for walnut with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of walnut in Telugu and in English language.
Also see: walnut in Hindi
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Die Heuning Pot Literature Guide
© 2014 Shmoop University, Inc. All rights reserved.
Miss Gerty Farish Timeline and Summary
• In Selden's apartment at the Benedick, Lily and he discuss his cousin, Gerty Farish, who lives alone and whom Lily considers to be unmarriageable.
• Gerty is present at Jack and Gwen's wedding. She's in a great mood because Selden brought her as a date and is taking her to dinner after. She reveals to Lily that Percy is with Evie.
• Gerty attends the living portrait party with Selden. She and he discuss "the real Lily Bart," whom only they know well. Gerty thinks she can bond with Selden over their mutual admiration for Lily.
• The next night, Selden has dinner with Gerty. She has high hopes for a romance between them, but soon realizes that all he wants to do is talk about Lily Bart, with whom he is clearly in love.
• Gerty rages (internally) against Lily but humors Selden by praising her qualities. After he leaves, she is left alone to muse on her growing hatred for Lily.
• When Lily shows up, however, miserable and asking for help, Gerty forgets all about her anger and takes her in.
• After Lily is disinherited, Gerty and Carry are the only two friends left to help her. Gerty feels she has a "moral claim" over Lily for having saved her that night after the Trenor incident. She encourages her friend to maintain her dignity and not go slumming with those below her class.
• Gerty discusses the Silverton sisters with Lily.
• Gerty meets with Selden to discuss her concern for Lily (and also because, hey, it's an excuse to hang out with her crush). She gets him to go and talk to Lily.
• Gerty is already at Lily's place when Selden arrives the morning after her death. She reveals the news to him and tells him that he ought to be alone with Lily.
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Not a Member? Become One Today!
Essential Guide to Federal Employment Laws, 3d ed.
By Lisa Guerin and Amy DelPo
2011, 544 pages, Paperback
ISBN: 978-1-4133-1379-6
Item #: 61.14000-3
Buy Now At The
Understand the 20 Key Federal Employment Laws
The Essential Guide to Federal Employment Laws is the book that every HR professional needs on his or her desktop. This one-of-a-kind guide covers 20 of the most important federal employment laws, providing plain-language explanations of what each law allows and prohibits, which businesses must comply, recordkeeping, posting and reporting requirements, penalties for violating the law—and more.
Coverage in each chapter includes:
• An overview of the law
• Major provisions of the law
• How the law is enforced
• How to comply with the law
• Agency resources
• Similar state laws
The Third Edition is fully up-to-date, including all of the 50-state charts in the book.
Co-published by SHRM and Nolo.
Praise for the Book
"A very thorough, very usable handbook for HR."--Maria Greco Danaher, Chair, Employment and Labor Law Group, Dickie, McCamey & Chilcote, PC
"Keep this book on your desktop. It's the fastest way to figure out how the law applies to your office -- and explain it to employees in plain English. Worth ten times the price, it pays for itself the first time you use it."--Margie Mader-Clark, HR executive and best-selling author of The Job Description Handbook and The Progressive Discipline Handbook
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)
Chapter 2. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)
Chapter 3. Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA)
Chapter 4. Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA)
Chapter 5. Equal Pay Act (EPA)
Chapter 6. Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)
Chapter 7. Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
Chapter 8. Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
Chapter 9. Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)
Chapter 10. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA)
Chapter 11. National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)
Chapter 12. The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act)
Chapter 13. Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA)
Chapter 14. Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA)
Chapter 15. Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA)
Chapter 16. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX)
Chapter 17. Civil Rights Act of 1866 (Section 1981)
Chapter 18. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)
Chapter 19. Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA)
Chapter 20. Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN)
Appendix A: Federal and State Agencies
Appendix B: SHRM and Nolo Resources
About the Authors
Lisa Guerin is an attorney and editor at Nolo specializing in employment law. She is the author or co-author of several books, including The Essential Guide to Workplace Investigations and Create Your Own Employee Handbook.
Amy DelPo is an attorney, author and consulting editor who specializes in employment and family law issues. She is the author or co-author of several employment law books, including The Performance Appraisal Handbook, Dealing with Problem Employees, and Create Your Own Employee Handbook.
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Bones Season 6 News
'Bones' Preview Teases Brennan and Booth's Intimate Moment
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'Bones': The 'silence' before the storm
Bones Sneak Peeks! Sweets and Brennan Debate Motive in "The Signs in the Silence"
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Writing linguistic papers in the third wave
Statement of Responsibility:
Black, H. Andrew
This article introduces a method to write linguistic articles and books that addresses most, if not all, of the frustrations authors often face when writing linguistic articles and books. This method follows a Third Wave approach as described in Simons and Black (2008). As Simons and Black note, we need to “work smarter” rather than work harder. One of the key notions is to produce “actionable” knowledge. They also note the role that XML technologies can play in enabling us to “work smarter.” In this article I explain a way we can “work smarter” when it comes to writing linguistic papers and books. The method uses several things:
• the mark-up language called XML
• an XML package designed for authoring and even archiving linguistic papers (XLingPaper)
• an XML Editor program that makes it much easier to write XML documents (XMLmind XML Editor).
11 pages
Scholarly writing
Computer programs
Third wave publishing
Content Language:
Nature of Work:
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Mr. Crowley Lyrics - Ozzy Osbourne
Review The Song (133)
Mr. Crowley, what went down in your head
Your lifestyle to me seems so tragic
With the thrill of it all
You fooled all the people with magic
(Yeah)You waited on Satan's call
Mr. Charming, did you think you were pure
Mr. Alarming, in nocturnal rapport
Uncovering things that were sacred, manifest on this earth
(Oh)Conceived in the eye of a secret
Yeah, they scattered the afterbirth
Mr. Crowley, won't you ride my white horse?
Mr. Crowley, it's symbolic of course
Approaching a time that is classic
I hear that maidens call
sponsored links
Approaching a time that is drastic
Standing with their backs to the wall
Was it polemically sent?
I wanna know what you meant
I wanna know
I wanna know what you meant, yeah!
Click here to submit the Corrections of Mr. Crowley Lyrics
Thanks to for submitting Mr. Crowley Lyrics.
Stoopid | Reviewer: Dookalux | 2/27/14
If you can't write a proper English sentence, don't leave a comment. If English is your second language, comment in your native one so at least we can pretend you have a command of that language. I hate people who leave what they think is an intelligent, deep, thoughtful response, but their grammar is so fucked up you can't even understand wtf they are saying. Use, punctuation "properly!". Otherwise, just go somewhere and die.
oh my | Reviewer: ilovechrist | 11/11/13
Magic is not good white ,black. It's all. Bad it is not of god ..... I'll pray for the deceived.... Do not what thou wilt do that whic is pleasing to god. Know and love him and you shall have everlasting life in peace and love.... Jesus loves you!! God bless!!!! <3
An addition to things sorted out | Reviewer: Aaa | 10/8/13
Quite right as B mentioned below. Aleister Crowley was NOT a black magician and despised black magic.
I think it was a goat which had sex with a women, or a man having sex with a goat, and at the point of orgasm, the head was cut of the goat. Total white magic as anyone can see. Crystal clear magic... or Bee magic.
There are a ton of documentaries about Crowley out there. Go see for yourselves and don't waste your times expressing your points of view in here. They will just get "sorted out".
Let's sort some things out! | Reviewer: Bee | 9/30/13
Simply put:
- Crowley was not a black magician, in fact, he despised black magic.
- He was an occultist who wrote the Liber Al Vel Legis, The Book of the Law, and created a ceremonial magickal system based on the concept of Thelema (Will). The Liber was its masterwork.
- Most people don't even know what SATAN means. It is a word to specify anything in opposition to another. If you believe in one religion and that the truth of God belongs in it only, all other religions automatically become "satanist", adversaries, to yours.
- Anton LaVey was indeed a Satanist. But nothing to do with Crowley, please. Instead, Mr Aleister was involved with the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn on his early years.
- Perhaps Ozzy was just curious about Crowley's magickal work. No worshipping, no criticism. Just curiosity. Actually Crowley's picture even appears at the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's cover. He was a very clever and "mysterious" man who inspires curiosity to people not formally involved in Occultism. That's all.
Idiots!! | Reviewer: STACHDADDY | 9/26/13
I really can't believe the comments people have made. Idiots!!! Crowley was NOT A black magician? Yes, the song is about him but Ozzy doesn't worship him or Satan, never has never will. Ozzy is actually a Christian, a really shitty one like I am a really shitty one but his is nonetheless. Check out the documentary his son Jack made about his dear old dad. Dummies, the world is full of dummies. Ozzy rules, love you Ozzy!!!
Missing the Point | Reviewer: butsrslytho | 2/10/13
aleister crowley | Reviewer: jimmym | 12/15/12
I know where it is, the pieces fit. | Reviewer: Anonymiss | 11/17/12
Crowley lake, Sudbury ON, white horse is a quarry above Crowley lake. (check out a map on google with satellite mode) very symbolic, considering that Sudbury is where the 2nd meteor hit earth, dating 2.1 billion years ago, I would argue it would be the beginning of a "new era" or time. 00 :) xx
to the moron that dont believe, | Reviewer: jojofosho | 10/21/12
Are you afraid of what is waiting for you, a man with nothing to believe in" well just has nothing! dont you get it fool every comment thus far is a different belief interpritation of WHAT they believe so think befor you go off on your tandom of facts peace!
Don't sweat it. | Reviewer: Brother Bob | 8/4/12
Many words have many meanings. Don't waste your time trying to second-guess what the lyrics mean. It's an endless and fruitless journey, because YOU WILL NEVER KNOW THE TRUTH! Instead, just kick back and let your mind relax and immerse itself in the music.
wtf mate!? | Reviewer: wendy city | 5/24/12
Mr.Crowley wasn't just a flat out Satanist, he was an occultist, likened to H.P. Blavatsky. He has ties to Jack Parsons and the freemasons, if you take the time to read, all will be revealed. It wouldnt hurt either to read some of his works. thanks to all the good historical facts presented from the previous commenters, it was an amazing brain sandwich, yum.
We get the point, people! | Reviewer: Shahir | 4/29/12
All this debacle and arguing over something that is purely art! Yes, it's about Aleister Crowley and the crazy and unreal things he did. And in the lyrics, Ozzy wonders about this. But really, this song is one of the best I've ever heard, with haunting singing by Ozzy and THE MOST BRILLIANT guitar work by the legend Randy Rhoads! His solos are breathtaking and so masterful... I love it
Uncovered thing | Reviewer: Moein | 3/21/12
After reading the lyrics for many times and seeing the films about satanism: it's true, it's about Aleister Crowley, but i'm almost sure that this song is dissaproving Crowley. But one thing gets me fu**in hanged up.
Crowley has written a book with the title "Wizard of Oz" !!! and he used "OZ" for several times in his books as a Satanic Symbol!
now you can find out why i'm hanged up! the album Blizzard of Oz really looks like the name of Crowley's book "Wizard of Oz" and also Osbourne's nickname "Ozzy" is drastically similar to "Oz", the symbol that Crowley used it as a satanic symbol in his books..
For you information | Reviewer: Craig Berthiaume | 1/24/12
Yeah, just so you all know - Ozzy didn't write the lyrics to Mr. Crowley. To be honest, Ozzy didn't write the lyrics to anything. When he was in Sabbath it was Mr.Geezer Butler that did the lyrics. For the first two Ozzy albums it was actually the bass player, Bob Daisly, that wrote the lyrics.
In response to "Just Lookin out".... | Reviewer: Keystone28 | 1/3/12
Just lookin out wrote:
"The song Mr Crowley is DEFINITELY a song ABOUT a very well known satanist named Aleister Crowley. The man was a High Priest of The Church of Satan and was very close to its founder, Anton LaVey."
Really? Because if you took the time to research what you said, you'd know that Lavey was 16 when Crowley died, and moreover,after LaVey read Crowleys work, he was of the opinion that Crowley was a druggy poseur whose greatest achievements were as a poet and a mountain-climber.
It's a song about what a nutjob Crowley was, nothing more. If you read the lyrics to some of his early Sabbath work, you can see that he was not writing anything satanic. Just look at the lyrics for "after forever" by Black sabbath, and you'll know the truth about them.
"Could it be you're afraid of what your friends might say
If they knew you believe in God above?
They should realize before they criticize
that God is the only way to love."
Nuff said.
Your Name:
Review for Mr. Crowley Lyrics
------ Performed by Ozzy Osbourne
Please enter a title for your review:
------ 07/29/2014
Type your review in the space below:
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Reviews for Addicted Lyrics
Performed by Kelly Clarkson
Add Your New Review About The Song
Mental Technology Abuse | Reviewer: Wowo | 2/10/13
'And I know, these voices in my head are mine alone'. This is one of the most popular songs that explicitly describes what might be mental technology abuse. Google synthetic telepathy.
addicted | Reviewer: Anonymous | 10/2/11
I just heard this song for the first time in years. and for the first time ever i can actually say i know what this feels like. me and this boy whos two years older than me did some stuff and in that moment i decided that i loved him more than anything in the world, and i would stick to him through anything. so when he broke up with me i was so torn, and sad. i still cry myself to sleep every single night. and i dont talk to anyone, cuz if i do, the only thing that comes out are tears and sobs. and i truly understand an addiction to a boy. and i hate it.. but i love it..
Thanks kelly, its nice to know im not the only one here..
OMG | Reviewer: Damla | 11/9/09
I listen this song almost everyday.. That's.. just amazing. İt reminds me all of my old loves. All of the hurts, lies and boys.. I love it, soo much. Thanky you Kelly.
(So, sorry for my English, 'cause I'm Turkish)
To 'idk' | Reviewer: Xyz | 7/9/09
Stop thinking about this guy. I may be hurt. I had wonderfull relationship with my boy. I was in love , he too. And he hurt me. I cried so many nights. He`ll never change. Love is pain. Better be a single with stoned heart! But..I wish You luck...
match point | Reviewer: Anonymous | 11/16/08
this song reminds me of jonathan rhys meyers in match point.there's a video in you tube with many scenes of the film and that song is heard.i think it suits perfectly because it is a very passionate film
idk | Reviewer: alllie | 10/26/08
i cant stop listening to this song. i just did stuff with this guy like 4 years older than me who i liike and i cant not stop thinking about him. i see him at work almost everyday and i feel so in love with him. i just want to be inside him again:( i need him right now. i am at school right now drunk. i cant take this.
this songs amazing
My life | Reviewer: andrew | 10/7/08
This song means so much to me cuz the first time i herd it was in detox for an creative expressions group. As soon as i heard it i was moved cuz it describes my adiction and my past relationship. I allwaws had an addiction but my past relationship got so bad and i was ADDICTED to her that my drinkind and drugging got so bad it was like i could not get away from it."It's like you're a ghost that's haunting me
Leave me alone". Also the part that says "It's like you're a leech
Sucking the life from me" totally discribes my ex girl....I love this song and recomend any addict or preson going throu a bad relation ship....
Thankyou so much
m sad again | Reviewer: Nat | 5/26/08
dis song is so much 2 me... every time i think abt it, i think abt u... can't u even see how much i love u? heck, even buring in hell is better dan living dis life.... i loved u, and i still do.... m 2 addicted to you....even wen u went away, i made it a point 2 never 4get abt u... i still care abt u more dan my life....wat does she have that i don't? why can't you even glance at me without wincing? i regret da day i fought wid u... i've apologized, haven't i? isn't it enuf?
MY LIFE | Reviewer: JAMIE LYNN | 3/28/08
this song says so much. i had a friend and occassionally we took it a bit further. but declared only to be freinds, this was like a bonus to our friendship. i dont want a real relationship i like it the way it is he agrees but i cant stop thinking about him.!!! im addicted but not in love!!!
03.03.2008 | Reviewer: dilara | 3/2/08
please come and fine me,my love.can you hear me,I am shouting in the wind.can you see me my love i wait for you.I hope that i'm still with you as you are with me and my spirit,you always will be.can you feel me i'm hurting so bad,wasting away please open your heart try to love me a bit.dont forget it "to love and be loved is to feel the sun from both sides. either with you or without you! I am a prisoner of your love MON AMOUR
I'm Addicted To You... | Reviewer: animprovedversionofwhatyouknew | 1/16/08
This song is one of the many that i can relate to as i listen to the words...
I first realised the impact of the words when i had my heart broken for the first time by my first love... It's like you just cant see a way forward without them in your life and by your side..
It just relates to everyone...
"Im hooked on you i need a fix i cant take take it"
Its what we all feel and how we all think...
Thank God for this song is all i can say... It reallt reflects the way we all think.
the truth hurts. | Reviewer: Kellee | 12/26/07
this song touches me in so many ways. No matter how many times i deny it to him and myself, i do truly love him. As we layed in your bed, i wanted to tell you all this and more. This is one of the few songs that has brought me to tears, as it wrenched my emotions out of me. And As much as i try to get over him, i cant, and everyday that goes by never makes it easier. So baby this is too you, i love you and wish you all the best, and if our paths cross in the future that would be a beautiful thing.
So thank you kelly for writing this song, for everything i and many other women couldnt say.
What this song means to me | Reviewer: Emma | 11/23/07
"Break my heart or SAVE ME..."
My first love, and the boy i am still madly in love with.. this song is dedicated to him. When hes not here it feels i cant breathe, like hes a part of me.
"Its never really over" i agree, it will never be over, this has been proved no matter what he does i cant love him less.
so yeah..
save me <3
To Tony | Reviewer: k | 11/18/07
Although we've been apart for five years now, you tell me that you want to marry me today. I've tried to tell you (as we cry together because I can't go backwards) that I was so inside of you when we were together that we were one person. And when you went away I was torn out of your soul. I loved you so much and I've NEVER loved that way since. But........Kelly has finally said what I was trying to tell you one night when we were laying in your bed together crying because we knew I could never come back to you.
It's like I can't breathe
Without you inside of me
That's how I felt when we ended our engagement of three years. I thought I was dying because I COULD NOT breathe because I wasn't inside of you anymore. It's great to know that Kelly and others have felt the exact same way. WOW! I still and will always love you sweet baby, and I will Love you til I die.............k
amazing | Reviewer: suzi | 10/3/07
yea,this song tells about everything that i feel now,im crying,even i deny i relised that i still love him,it'S more that a love it's being addiceted,i hate myself...
Add Your New Review About The Song
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Slash Boxes
Slash Open Source Project
More | Login
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• It's nice that you worked on the visual aspects of the journal.
But what - there are 2 importants things which should be fixed, regarding the journal comments:
1. Moderation - allow the journal writer to moderate the comments (without affecting the karma, ofcourse)
2. Archiving - after a while you can't add comments to the journal, and while it's OK for Slashdot stories, I'm not sure if it's too good for journal discussions. For example - look at my "invested" journal [], and see how disappointing it is that nobody can add information to it anymore..
I hope you consider these. :)
- Derci
• Re: #2.
I don't see a journal entitled "invested"... ??
I only see 3 of them:
1. Could you come over? I've got a problem with my CD
2. Rivalry, fights and politics in the folk dances world
3. Journal!!!! Cooooool!!!!!!!!
lottadot []
• by Derci (2920) on Monday November 12 2001, @04:56AM (#3654) Homepage Journal
It's not really invested. That's why I placed it in quotes.
The fact that people can't add messages after a while discourages me from opening real discussions there.
Maybe it's just a matter of settings?
- Derci
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Every LIttle Baby Is a Miracle Straight From God
Department of complaints.
Nov. 16 1999 5:49 PM
Every LIttle Baby Is a Miracle Straight From God
Dear Merrill,
Yeah, but in L.A. you can get chicken waffles.
Why do people think they have the right to demand that a Kevin Smith movie not be seen? It's like some misbegotten bastard stepchild of the civil rights movement, I guess, but for some reason, everybody's forgetting that just because you're Catholic doesn't mean Kevin Smith doesn't have the right to make fun of you as much as he damn well pleases. As in, he could've made a movie called Fuck You, Pope if he wanted. But since I was recently called a "callow, superficial, self-obsessed bunny" by one of Slate's readers (I didn't mind the adjectives, but "bunny" kind of hurt), I guess I should skip the Kevin Smith and Moesha ruminations and get on to the "grown-up" news (damn, that means I have to skip the Journal feature on the @ symbol!).
After my psychotic outburst of HMO-vitriol, I almost hesitate to comment on your remark about Christopher H. Smith, because regarding the deal that was worked out to impose "anti-abortion" restrictions on international Third World family planning aid programs as a condition of paying our long-overdue U.N. debt, I'm on the verge of spinning out into berzerker mode again. Look, its a free country (OK, so actually, its a really expensive and not to mention debt-ridden country, but I digress), and people can believe what they want. But while I respect the Right of Iowa Gun-Lobbyists and Southern Fundamentalists Not To Respect a Woman's Right To Choose, when it comes to global overpopulation, it's not a matter of some domestic political disagreement, for Christ's sake, you're talking about the whole world.
The same goes for (speaking of Catholics) all the medieval doctrinists in the Vatican who seem bent on imposing a third-world fertility program on every underdeveloped and uneducated native populace under heaven. As a genuine honest-to-goodness Son of a Preacher Man, I feel qualified to say that I don't think Jesus is standing at the gates of Paradise shouting down "Send More Dead Babies!" As Christopher Hitchens pointed out simply and clearly in his great (and much-hated, and banned) book (and film, too, though I haven't seen it) on Mother Theresa, it's one thing to say you have this long-standing religious belief and tradition and you want to stick to it out of devotion to your faith, but when you are not only a) blindly encouraging poverty-stricken masses to breed like rabbits, but also b) actively stopping, I mean, going out of your way to directly oppose, the efforts of those courageous souls who are trying to make sure those people can get a handful or two of grain and maybe a few ounces of clean water to wash the parasites out of their underwear every day. Then it's no longer a question of how Every Little Baby Is a Miracle Straight From God. And if your spiritual traditions can't handle such an obvious fact (note: not religious opinion, but science fact, like as in, you know, math), then you must be stopped. And, yeah, that goes for the pope, too.
And I eagerly await your thoughts on the string theory article. I'm not sure, but I worry that it may conflict with the biblical account of Genesis.
I love you, too, Merrill,
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Felipe Calderón criticized Arizona's immigration law for being discriminatory. How tough are Mexican immigration laws?
Answers to your questions about the news.
April 29 2010 7:18 PM
¡Fuera de Aquí!
Mexico's president criticized the new Arizona immigration law for being discriminatory. How tough are Mexican immigration laws?
Rally against the new Arizona immigration law. Click image to expand.
Rally against the new Arizona immigration law
Mexican President Felipe Calderón criticized the new Arizona immigration law on Monday, saying that it "opens the door to intolerance, hate, and discrimination."* So how tough are Mexican immigration laws?
They're pretty strict, but not often enforced. Until recently, entering Mexico without proper documentation was a felony punishable by up to 10 years in prison, as codified in the country's General Law of Population. (Undocumented immigrants in the United States are held in detention centers until they're deported. They don't get a jail sentence unless they've committed other crimes.) In 2008, that penalty was reduced to a fine of up to 5,000 pesos, or about $400. If you're caught with fake documents, the Ministry of the Interior can fine you twice that. In most cases, undocumented immigrants are "voluntarily repatriated," or asked to leave the country. If they're caught again, they're fined again and frequently deported. In practice, though, high levels of corruption mean that police will often take bribes from undocumented immigrants—and sometimes even rob them—instead of sending them home. (The punishments were reduced in 2008 partly because police were using the heavy penalty as leverage for extortion.)
Mexican law determines who's allowed to immigrate "according to their possibilities of contributing to national progress." That means scientists, athletes, artists, and other people with special abilities are given preference. So are investors who want to start a business in Mexico. The country makes it easy for Americans to retire there by waiving tariffs when they move their belongings. (The United States sends more immigrants to Mexico than any other country does.) It also incentivizes immigration from other Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries in Latin America and Europe by making those foreigners eligible for citizenship after three years instead of the usual five. *
There are other big differences between the immigration laws in Mexico and the United States. For example, naturalized Mexicans—those who gain citizenship some way other than by birth—don't have as many rights as people who are naturalized in the United States. * In the United States, naturalized Americans can't run for president; in Mexico, they're also barred from many other high-level government posts. Nor can naturalized Mexicans hold dual citizenship. In general, though, Mexican laws against immigration aren't as strictly enforced as they are in the United States because fewer people are trying to go there.
Got a question about today's news? Ask the Explainer.
Explainer thanks David FitzGerald of the Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, George Grayson of the College of William and Mary, Kevin Johnson of the University of California–Davis, and Michael Olivas of the University of Houston.
Correction, April 30, 2010: This article originally misspelled the last name of President Felipe Calderón. ( Return to the corrected sentence.) It also incorrectly stated that Portugal is a Spanish-speaking country. ( Return to the corrected sentence.) It also incorrectly stated that being born in Mexico doesn't automatically make you a citizen. (Return to the corrected sentence.)
Christopher Beam is a writer living in Beijing.
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Terrorism, not values, drove Bush's re-election.
Who's winning, who's losing, and why.
Nov. 5 2004 4:16 PM
The Gay Marriage Myth
Terrorism, not values, drove Bush's re-election.
It's true that states with bans on the ballot voted for Bush at higher rates than other states. His vote share averaged 7 points higher in gay-marriage-banning states than in other states (57.9 vs. 50.9). But four years ago, when same-sex marriage was but a twinkle in the eye of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, Bush's vote share was 7.3 points higher in these same states than in other states. In other words, by a statistically insignificant margin, putting gay marriage on the ballot actually reduced the degree to which Bush's vote share in the affected states exceeded his vote share elsewhere.
Why did states with gay-marriage ballot measures vote so heavily for Bush? Because such measures don't appear on state ballots randomly. Opponents of gay marriage concentrate their efforts in states that are most hospitable to a ban and are most likely to vote for Bush even without such a ballot measure. A state's history of voting for Bush is more likely to lead to an anti-gay-marriage measure on that state's ballot than the other way around.
Much has been made of the fact that "moral values" topped the list of voters' concerns, mentioned by more than a fifth (22 percent) of all exit-poll respondents as the "most important issue" of the election. It's true that by four percentage points, people in states where gay marriage was on the ballot were more likely than people elsewhere to mention moral issues as a top priority (25.0 vs. 20.9 percent). But again, the causality is unclear. Did people in these states mention moral issues because gay marriage was on the ballot? Or was it on the ballot in places where people were already more likely to be concerned about morality?
More to the point, the morality gap didn't decide the election. Voters who cited moral issues as most important did give their votes overwhelmingly to Bush (80 percent to 18 percent), and states where voters saw moral issues as important were more likely to be red ones. But these differences were no greater in 2004 than in 2000. If you're trying to explain why the president's vote share in 2004 is bigger than his vote share in 2000, values don't help.
If the morality gap doesn't explain Bush's re-election, what does? A good part of the answer lies in the terrorism gap. Nationally, 49 percent of voters said they trusted Bush but not Kerry to handle terrorism; only 31 percent trusted Kerry but not Bush. This 18-point gap is particularly significant in that terrorism is strongly tied to vote choice: 99 percent of those who trusted only Kerry on the issue voted for him, and 97 percent of those who trusted only Bush voted for him. Terrorism was cited by 19 percent of voters as the most important issue, and these citizens gave their votes to the president by an even larger margin than morality voters: 86 percent for Bush, 14 percent for Kerry.
These differences hold up at the state level even when each state's past Bush vote is taken into account. When you control for that variable, a 10-point increase in the percentage of voters citing terrorism as the most important problem translates into a 3-point Bush gain. A 10-point increase in morality voters, on the other hand, has no effect. Nor does putting an anti-gay-marriage measure on the ballot. So, if you want to understand why Bush was re-elected, stop obsessing about the morality gap and start looking at the terrorism gap.
Paul Freedman, associate professor of Politics at the University of Virginia, has recently completed a book on television campaign advertising.
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A Agent Gentleman Ninja Against Monsters of Chaos in Parody Subway – Escape of the Comic Dark Attacks FREE
Ninja & Slender & Zombie & Harlem Shake? OH MY :-D
A game totally comical. Ninjas shooting sweets and killing the most bitter enemies. Collect the bingo balls, escape the monsters and have fun. You’ll love it.
A great time killer! The best characters in a single game.
Great Graphics & Sounds.
Play now and share with your friends.
Wow !
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Heather: Oh I just had a few too many hard lemonades at Kylie's party last summer and I hit a kid on his bike and was charged with vehicular manslaughter
Heather: I mean wtf was a 11 year old doing riding his bike at like midnight??? come on!
Auron86: omg
Heather: yeah, it sucked big time, they suspended my license and now I can't drive anywhere on my own. I've hated kids ever since.
Auron86: I guess so
Heather: so are you trying to seduce me Auron?
Auron86: u can call me brian
Auron86: and maybe ;P
Auron86: was that true about the kid?
Heather: Unfortunately it is true brian but I moved past it so forget that ancient history
Auron86: its okay we all make mistakes
Heather: Yeah, like filing my teeth
Auron86: what does that mean?
Heather: oh no big whoop y'all, I just filed my teeth down to points for a play I was in
Auron86: didn't that hurt?!?!
Heather: oh yeah a ton and it looks really scary right now if I smile but im gettin them capped
Auron86: do they get cavetes?
Heather: yeah, I got a really bad abscess in my jaw and had to go on anitbiotic and painkillers
Auron86: u ok now?
Heather: all better :D but i am addicted to painkillers now :(
Auron86: i done oxy before
Heather: yeah, it's a lot like oxy
Auron86: maybe we could hook up and do it together baby
Heather: I'd love that but fyi its morphine injections not oxy
Auron86: with a needle???
Heather: of course silly, like Sherlock Holmes
Auron86: maybe not then but you could still try out those skills from the broom handle ;D
Heather: lol you are so dirty, don't you worry about sin?
Auron86: baby im a sinner!!!
Auron86: i dont believe in the bible but if you do thats cool
Heather: I don't believe in Christianity but I am a dragon
Auron86: a dragon?
Heather: Oh yeah, y'all. I am a prismatic dragon from Tothor, an elder male named Surlakk.
Auron86: I thought you said you were a cheerleader
Heather: Definitely I am that too I am a changeling. I am connected to my dragon self by the crystal I wear around my neck and I can take the form of Surlakk when I need it.
Auron86: like do you pick when you change forms?
Heather: Usually, but if I feel like I'm in danger I sometimes change forms
Auron86: that is awesome
Heather: The last time I changed was when that bat bit me on my face
Auron86: lol what
Heather: Bat done got up in our attic and mom made me chase it out with the broom before it turned into an infestation
Auron86: did you get it?
Heather: yeah, I got it alright, right in the face! scratches and bites all over
Auron86: ouch :*(
Heather: hurt more when I realized I was coming down with a case of the rabies
Auron86: did the doctor give u a shot in ur cute butt?
Heather: no the thing with rabies is you got to just ride it out, I'm a couple days away from the worst of it
Auron86: uh well good luck
Heather: you know who jamie lee curtis is?
Auron86: yes
Heather: she's got this thing called testicular feminization and she looks just like a beautiful woman but she has testicles inside her
Heather: I have that same condition, but you can't tell or anything unless you palpate my perineum
******Auron86 has disconnected
Heather: but she's so beautiful!
Heather: didn't you see True Lies?
– Zack "Geist Editor" Parsons (@sexyfacts4u)
More Pranks [ICQ]
This Week on Something Awful...
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Noah Webster Bible
Acts 6
The Acts of the Apostles
Return to Index
Chapter 7
Then said the high priest, Are these things so?
And said to him, Depart from thy country, and from thy kindred, and come into the land which I shall show thee.
Then he came from the land of the Chaldeans, and dwelt in Charran. And from thence, when his father was dead, he removed him into this land in which ye now dwell.
And he gave him no inheritance in it, no not so much as to set his foot on: yet he promised that he would give it to him for a possession, and to his offspring after him, when as yet he had no child.
And God spoke on this wise, That his offspring should sojourn in a foreign land; and that they should bring them into bondage, and treat them ill four hundred years.
And the nation to whom they shall be in bondage will I judge, said God: and after that they shall come forth, and serve me in this place.
And he gave him the covenant of circumcision. And so Abraham begat Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and Isaac begat Jacob, and Jacob begat the twelve patriarchs.
And delivered him from all his afflictions, and gave him favor and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh king of Egypt; and he made him governor over Egypt, and all his house.
Now there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Canaan, and great affliction; and our fathers found no sustenance.
And at the second time Joseph was made known to his brethren: and Joseph's kindred was made known to Pharaoh.
Then Joseph sent, and called his father Jacob to him, and all his kindred, seventy five souls.
Till another king arose, who knew not Joseph.
The same dealt subtilly with our kindred, and ill-treated our fathers, so that they cast out their young children, to the end they might not live.
For he supposed his brethren to understand that God by his hand would deliver them: but they understood not.
Wilt thou kill me, as thou didst the Egyptian yesterday?
Then Moses fled at this saying, and was a stranger in the land of Madian, where he begat two sons.
And when forty years had expired, there appeared to him in the wilderness of mount Sina, an angel of the Lord in a flame of fire in a bush.
This is that Moses, who said to the children of Israel, A prophet will the Lord your God raise up to you of your brethren, like me; him will ye hear.
This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel who spoke to him on the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who received the living oracles to give to us:
Saying to Aaron, Make us gods to go before us: for as for this Moses, who brought us out of the land of Egypt, we know not what is become of him.
Yes, ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the star of your God Remphan, figures which ye made to worship them: and I will carry you away beyond Babylon.
Our fathers had the tabernacle of testimony in the wilderness, as he had appointed, speaking to Moses, that he should make it according to the fashion that he had seen.
Which also our fathers, that came after, brought in with Jesus into the possession of the Gentiles, whom God drove out before the face of our fathers, to the days of David;
But Solomon built him a house.
Yet, the Most High dwelleth not in temples made with hands, as saith the prophet,
Heaven is my throne, and earth is my footstool: What house will ye build for me? saith the Lord: or what is the place of my rest?
Hath not my hand made all these things?
Which of the prophets have not your fathers persecuted? and they have slain them who showed before of the coming of the Just One; of whom ye have been now the betrayers and murderers;
Acts 8
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/104614
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Category Archives: Podcasting
Since iTunes included support for podcasting in version 4.9, many of us have had a dificult time getting listed in their directory, especially indie music podcasts. Well, seems someone decided to take matters into their own hands. In the mean time I’ll stick with Odeo as my podcasting go to place.
I have discovered podcasting and I am completely addicted. As you can see, I have started adding some of the podcasts I follow to the side navigation/blogroll. If you don’t know what podcasting is read this. But my fascination with podcasting doesn’t stop with listening, I’m thinking about starting my own podcast. It’ll probably be … Continue reading
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Magick squares, sigils and planetary seals
By Triplemoon and Michael Pendragon | May 16, 2001
Magick Squares
Each Magick Square represents a matrix of planetary energy. Magick squares are based on the original work done by ancient mathematicians in their description of numbers. Magical practitioners expanded on this to carry over the correlation between a number and its corresponding planet, therefore representing planetary energy in a mathematical format.
Each magick square is made up using three key numbers. The first is the planetary number itself. The second is the square of the planetary number (or the planetary number multiplied by itself). The third is the sum of the square (or all the incremental numbers starting at 1 that it takes to fill the boxes in the square added together and then divided by the planetary number).
Obviously the best way to understand this concept is by example so for the purposes of illustration we’ll use the planet Saturn.
• Saturn is represented by the number 3.
• We start drawing our magick square with 3 boxes horizontally and vertically for a total of 9 squares (the square of 3 being 9).
• The sum of the square in this case are 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9. This equals 45. 45 divided by Saturn’s planetary number of 3 equals 15.
• Each row of numbers in our magick square both horizontally and vertically need to equal 15 (which is the sum of the square of the planetary number of 3).
Aren’t you glad the ancient mathematicians did all the hard work for you!
When drawing the magick square all of the numbers should be placed in the square in sequence beginning with then number 1. Below is the magick square representing Saturn. Notice, as mentioned above, that our square is 3 by 3 and that all the rows equal 15.
A sigil is a signature, if you will. It can be seen a symbol of our intent. Sigils incorporated with other influences can add great direction and focus to spell work. Sigils can be traced in air, carved on candles, drawn on paper and burned etc. Sigils can be drawn and formed using the magick squares that have been described above. We’ll continue with the Saturn example started above.
Saturn is the planet that rules institutions such as banks, real estate transactions, investments, educational institutions etc. Lets say our intent was for successful investing. We want a sigil to represent ourselves at being successful in our investment endeavours. So we pick the word investor which will be our sigil, the visualization of self as a smart investor, surrounded by favourable aspects and clear choices to make our money grow.
Now…how do you determine how to draw your sigil. Using the Western system of numerology, each letter has a numerical equivalent that is detailed in the chart below.
Weiser Midpost - Visit Website
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
A B C D E F G H I
J K L M N O P Q R
S T U V W X Y Z
Referring back to our work with Saturn for a favourable investment strategy, select a word of phrase that you want drawn into a sigil. We take our key word of investor and map it to the chart shown above.
I N V E S T O R
9 5 4 5 1 2 6 9
Then by starting with our first corresponding number and continuing through each in order, we draw out our sigil.
So we’re left with the following sigil representing our intention of investor:
Using some of the other correspondences for Saturn, we could carve this sigil into a black candle anointed with bergamot or cypress. We can also surround the candle with onyx and place it on top of the world card from a tarot deck. As we light the candle and focus our intent, not only have, we drawn in many aspects of Saturn with crystals, oils and tarot, and we’ve personalized our intent with our sigil.
Planetary Seals
Just as each magick square brings in planetary energy, each planet has a sigil or seal that is designed to block that planet’s energy. Imagine the magick square as the accelerator and the planetary seal as the brakes. Blocking a planet’s energy can be useful in times of retrograde, or when your desired intent is to block the negative effects of a planet. Lets look at Mercury for this example. Many people are effected dramatically when mercury goes retrograde. One of the most common things most often adversely impacted Mercury retrograde is communication. If for example you had a meeting that was important to your career during a Mercury retrograde, you could block the mercury energy by placing the planetary seal over the magick square of Mercury, thus eliminating the effects of Mercury retrograde for you. Bear in mind that when you block a planet you are blocking ALL of the effects of a planet, so this could work against you. Although sometimes blocking a planet temporarily may be appropriate usually a sigil designed to filter the negative effect may be a better way to handle a situation.
For more detailed information on magick squares, seals and correspondences of the seven visible planets, just click on the links below.
The Sun
The Moon
Image credit: Marco Fedele
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Eyewitness to America
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Can you pick the American historical events from contemporaneous descriptions?
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Worcester Academy Buildings
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/104624
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Ezekial 25:17
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Doctor Who Complete-a-Quote Blitz
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Can you name the quotes from the new series of Doctor Who?
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Partial quoteMissing word(s)Episode the quote is from
'The angels _________!'Blink
'It's been ___ years since fish custard.'The Eleventh Hour
''s more like a big ball of wibbly-wobbly, ________... stuff.'Blink
'Never ignore a coincidence, unless ________. In that case, always ignore a coincidence.'The Pandorica Opens
'We're about to leave the universe!' 'How are we going to do that?' '_________!'The Doctor's Wife
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/104626
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The 'Wolf Pack' Toast
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Can you pick the words in order from the 'Wolf Pack' toast by Zach Galifianakis in movie 'The Hangover'?
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Rhyme Time: Toto
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Can you name the things Toto would miss down in Africa if they were ...?
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A group of zombies?
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A group of ornithologists?
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A group of kings?
A group of sports physicians?
A group of conductors?
A group of plumbers?
A group of equestrians?
A group of farmers?
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/104656
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Indexing for ORs
If we look at a quick example, consider the following.
CREATE TABLE Customers (
Surname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
FirstName VARCHAR(30),
Title VARCHAR(5),
CustomerType CHAR(1) NOT NULL,
CREATE INDEX idx_Customers_SurnameFirstName ON Customers (Surname, FirstName);
FROM Customers
So how do we get this query to rather seek?
The key is that the predicates are independent, each get evaluated separately. Given that they are evaluated separately, it’s not a stretch to conclude that they perhaps need separate indexes, and that is indeed the case.
Taking the demo above and splitting that two column index into two separate indexes , the query now does execute with an index seek, or to be more correct, with two of them.
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_Customers_Surname ON dbo.Customers (Surname);
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_Customers_FirstName ON dbo.Customers (FirstName);
That’s the simple case dealt with. What about a more complex where clause, one with both AND and OR operators in it.
SELECT CustomerID FROM dbo.Customers
WHERE CustomerType = 'A'
AND IsActive = 1
AND (Surname = 'Kelley' OR FirstName = 'Rick');
The easiest way to work this one out is to modify the form of that where clause. Boolean logic (specifically the distributivity) property states that a AND (b OR c) is equal to (a AND b) OR (a AND c)
Converted as such, the query now looks like this
SELECT CustomerID FROM dbo.Customers
WHERE (CustomerType = 'A' AND IsActive = 1 AND Surname = 'Kelley')
(CustomerType = 'A' AND IsActive = 1 AND FirstName = 'Rick');
Now that has the same pattern as the previous query, so is easy identify indexes. Each predicate (or set of predicates) combined with OR needs an index. There are two sets of predicates, so two indexes.
CREATE INDEX idx_Customers_TypeActiveFirstName
ON dbo.Customers (CustomerType, IsActive, FirstName)
CREATE INDEX idx_Customers_TypeActiveSurname
ON dbo.Customers (CustomerType, IsActive, Surname)
Now I’m not suggesting that queries actually be written in that form. It’s more typing and can be confusing, and the query parser converts it back to the form a AND (b or c), but the query can be imagined in that form to make the indexes easier to work out.
The column order I’ve used there is not a requirement, the query seeks just as well when the order of the column in one or both indexes are different. The order is more determined by other queries against the table that may be able to use one or both.
One more thing to look at, and that’s the case where the index doesn’t cover the query. As I’m sure most of us know, if the index is not covering and the predicate not highly selective, SQL is likely to ignored the index in favour of scanning the clustered index (or heap).
The same thing applies here, with one complication. Typically (well, in all the cases I tested) it was necessary for both indexes to be covering or SQL just goes off and scans the cluster, even when one or both predicates have very low row estimates (like 1 row). In fact, using hints to try and force two seeks (with key lookups) results in an error
CREATE INDEX idx_Customers_IsActive
ON dbo.Customers (IsActive) INCLUDE (FirstName, Surname)
CREATE INDEX idx_Customers_RegistrationDate
ON dbo.Customers (RegistrationDate)
SELECT CustomerID, FirstName, Surname
FROM dbo.Customers
WHERE IsActive = 1 OR RegistrationDate = '2010-01-24'
Now that looks like a perfectly reasonable query. There are two indexes, one for each predicate combined with OR. If I reduce the SELECT to just CustomerID SQL does indeed do two seeks and a merge join (concatenation) as seen in earlier execution plans. Add the FirstName and Surname back into the query and SQL switches to a clustered index scan.
Can I force this to seek. Well, yes (SQL 2008 only)
SELECT CustomerID, FirstName, Surname
FROM dbo.Customers
However this does not produce the plan that you might expect. Looking at how SQL processed the earlier queries, one might assume that SQL would seek both indexes, do a key lookup only on the rows returned from the index that’s not covering, then concatenate the two resultsets. Fair assumption, but that’s not what SQL does.
Instead it seeks on both indexes, concatenates the resultsets, then does the key lookup on what is essentially half of the table. Not efficient at all.
The optimiser appears not to be considering the possibility that it could seek both, do a key lookup only on the rows returned from the predicate on RegistrationDate (as the other is seeking on a covering index and hence already has the columns needed) and then concatenate the two. No wonder it picks a cluster scan by preference.
So what happens if it’s not practical to make both indexes covering? That’s going to have to be a topic for another day.For now I hope this has cleared up a bit on indexing for queries using OR.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/104681
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Statalist The Stata Listserver
Re: st: RE: generating new vars from old by cutting off a portion off the old
From "Michael S. Hanson" <>
Date Mon, 14 May 2007 10:03:21 -0400
Actually, given the proposed solution it appears that the worry is not specifically "about 8", but whether the "State" code (a) always begins with the 4th character, and (b) always is just 2 characters long. Depending on the universe of potential values of "oldvar", there may exist applications of -assert- that can check these desired conditions. However, notice that the currently proposed application of -substr- should work as intended on values such as "CITNA34", "CITNA034", and "CITNA0340", but will fail on "CINA134" and the like.
Hope this helps.
-- Mike
On May 14, 2007, at 4:05 AM, Nick Cox wrote:
Nevertheless, your description "about 8" is worrying.
In any observations that have some other number
of characters, this solution may be incorrect. Try
. assert length(oldvar) == 8
That worked beautifully, thank you. Just saved me five hours
of banging
my head against the wall.
gen str State = substr(oldvar,4,2)
This assumes that your original variable was string.
I have a variable that has about 8 characters per observation and I need to take 2 characters (4th and 5th characters) and generate them as new variables representing state codes. So for example, the variable has as one of its value CITNA134. The characters I need to extract are NA, which will be recoded as State code. How would I go about doing this?
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/104722
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3.6-liter DOHC engine
Power: 256 hp @ 6,000 rpm
Torque: 247 lb-ft @ 4,400 rpm
5-speed transmission
5-speed adaptive electronic automatic transmission with manual shift control
Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC)
Standard VDC electronic stability control utilizes sensors which constantly monitor wheel speed, steering angle, brake pressure, vehicle yaw rate and lateral g-forces. If VDC detects a difference between the driver's intended path and the one the vehicle is actually taking, VDC applies braking power and/or reduces engine torque to help correct vehicle path.
Traction Control System (TCS)
VDC also incorporates an all-wheel, all-speed TCS which senses a loss of traction and applies braking force to the slipping wheel or wheels as necessary to maintain vehicle motion.
Fuel economy** (city/hwy): 16/21 MPG
Fuel requirement: Unleaded gasoline (87 octane)
Engine-speed-sensing power steering
Engine-speed-sensing variable power-assisted rack-and-pinion steering, turning circle: 37.4 feet.
4-wheel independent suspension.
Front: strut type with lower L-arm, stabilizer bar; Rear: double wishbone, stabilizer bar.
4-wheel disc brakes
Ventilated front, 4-channel, 4-sensor ABS with Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD)
Brake Assist
Brake discs
Front: 12.4 inches; Rear: 12.6 inches
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/104724
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Monday, October 20, 2008
I have a few male friends who read my blog. Obviously they read because they are either extremely bored or very good sports, since I'm sure they don't care about my usual topics, like minivans, Costco chicken, or coupons. The worst is when I write about personal -- particularly female -- issues. Like a twin who senses his brother's pain, I can feel them cringing from miles away.
I regret their discomfort, but I am both an artist and a muckraker; I cannot be stifled or silenced. I must express myself for my own creative needs and for the greater good.
That's why I need to tell you that I am currently wearing puce-colored panties.
They didn't start out as puce. Until this morning, in fact, they were a neutral, unoffensive, flesh tone. They weren't my favorite pair, but they were a serviceable choice for everyday. This morning I decided to wash said skivvies with a new, lovely blue blanket sent to us by my Hungarian Stepmother-In-Law.
I now have a clean, new, lovely, blue blanket and several newly-tinted articles of clothing. The good news is that my jeans are now a darker, more flattering shade of midnight blue. The bad news is that I'm sporting puce panties.
You may not know that "puce" is French for "flea." It's from the Latin "pulex," or "flea." It seems that when naming colors, with the whole world available for inspiration, the French decided that bland purplish-brown reminded them most of fleas. I guess it's not that surprising; the French bring their dogs everywhere!
By the transitive property, this means that my underpants are vermin-colored.
Very hot. Because nothing says "sexy" like underwear that evokes a small, wingless, insect.
Come to think of it, I may have found my new "headache" lingerie. Thank you, toxically dyed, newly cleaned Hungarian blanket! I guess SJ won't be rushing home tonight although, on the up side, they are clean.
So there you have it. Two lessons for the day: a little etymology and a cautionary tale about washing Hungarian blankets. Please, learn from my mistake!
And for my male friends, I'm sorry that you had to learn one more thing about me that you never wanted to know. Stay tuned; I'm sure that there'll be a manscaping or political post for you sooner or later.
cuff said...
Got here via a search for "puce colored panties." Or via or the other. Just wanted to say that for most men at least the color of the wrapping paper is not of the utmost importance...
And also you've more or less explained why my wife doesn't like my doing the laundry, or at least her laundry.
lacochran said...
"flesh tone" ... I think you mean "caucasion tone"
I, too, have a variety of tones to my underthings that started out as different tones. :)
LoCo Loca said...
Actually, the underpants were the color I wish my flesh was...a medium beige. More like one of Gaugin's Tahitian beauties, so watch the assumptions, buddy!
If I meant MY flesh color, I would have said "pasty white" instead.
Anonymous said...
It would've been sexier if you just said red panties.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/104758
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Now Accepting PayPal and Google Wallet
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(no subject)
From: Bill Pavich <BPavich(at)>
Date: Mon Mar 15 2004 - 17:45:07 GMT
Yes, I see the light now :)
That will work out for me. I don't know why I was trying take the other
-----Original Message-----
From: Bill Moseley []
Sent: Monday, March 15, 2004 9:39 AM
To: Multiple recipients of list
Subject: [SWISH-E] Re:
On Mon, Mar 15, 2004 at 09:25:36AM -0800, Bill Pavich wrote:
> predefined and search terms predefined on the command line:
> <a
> href=/cgi-bin/swish-quick.cgi%20\"/opt/swish-index/swish031104.index\"
> %2
> Then, in swish-quick.cgi:
> My $indexargument = $ARGV[0];
> My $searchstringargument = $ARGV[1];
No. With CGI you pass in a valid request, the server sets up the
environment with the CGI parameters and then runs the cgi program. The
cgi params are not available via @ARGV they are either available from
stdin with POST or in QUERY_STRING with GET requests.
Say you want a predefiend search for the phrase "swish.cgi" you could
use this:
Search for "swish.cgi"
> Am I just way off on this, or does that sound like something that's
> doable?
You want to show search results, right? The pass in a URL that
generates the search results. It should be that simple.
Bill Moseley
Received on Mon Mar 15 09:45:07 2004
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/104765
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Definitions for
Overview of adv currently
The adv currently has 1 senses? (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (4) presently, currently
(at this time or period; now; "he is presently our ambassador to the United Nations"; "currently they live in Connecticut") © 2001-2013, Demand Media, all rights reserved. The database is based on Word Net a lexical database for the English language. see disclaimer
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/104766
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Definitions for
Overview of adj entomologic
The adj entomologic has 1 senses? (no senses from tagged texts)
1. entomological, entomologic
(of or relating to the biological science of entomology; "entomological research") © 2001-2013, Demand Media, all rights reserved. The database is based on Word Net a lexical database for the English language. see disclaimer
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/104780
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Revised Panel Fees [04/10/2012] The Takeovers Panel
PDF icon PDF 88KB
Thursday, 4 October 2012
Revised Panel Fees
The fees payable for Panel applications are indexed each year from 1 July based on any increase in the Consumer Price Index, pursuant to the Corporations (Fees) Act 2001 (Cth) and Corporations (Fees) Regulations 2001 (Cth).
With immediate effect, as a result of indexation, a fee of $2,171 is payable on an application to the Panel.
Allan Bulman
Director, Takeovers Panel
Level 10, 63 Exhibition Street
Melbourne VIC 3000
Ph: +61 3 9655 3597
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Taltopia.com - Casting Calls, Contests & Auditions
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This was taken when I was working as a'speaking extra' on an historical Irish T.V. show. As I'm half Spanish I was one of the bad guys and being 6'' tall and strongly built I was an ideal opponent for the hero to take on and naturally kill!....still the money was welcome and maybe some other time I might return the favor. I had been seriously considered for the part of the leader of the 'baddies' but while I suited the part the director thought I looked a little too 'thoughful' and not savage enough....if he only knew! My father was from San Sabastion in Spain who's name was Diago Zabrorra so I choose his real name rather than the name he used to sound more Irish...McCaffrey....after a week in the sun I'd never pass for an Irishman! At age 50 I'm under no illusions as to my future roles, but I'm not aging too badly and there are plenty of charactor roles out there for an ol' guy who keeps himself fit and has a pretty offbeat sense of humour!
9/7/2012 5:21 AM
Nice thought you have share.
5/6/2012 2:39 PM Premium
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Appletell reviews ToCA Race Driver 3 for Macintosh
Sections: Games, Mac Software, Macintosh/Apple Hardware, Reviews, Software
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ToCA Race Driver 3Genre: Sports sim/racing
Format: DVD
Developer: Codemasters
Mac Port: Robosoft
Mac Publisher: Feral Interactive
System Requirements: Mac OS X v10.4.8, 1.8GHz Intel processor, 512MB RAM, 128MB graphics card, 8.5GB hard disk space, DVD player
Review Computer: 2.4GHz 24” Intel Core 2 Duo iMac, 2GB RAM, 256MB ATI Radeon HD 2600
Network Feature: LAN or Internet (GameRanger)
Processor Compatibility: Intel only
Price: $49.99
ESRB Rating: Everyone 10+
Availability: Out now
Official Website:
Screen captures via
Racing games have gotten hard—I mean really hard—and ToCA Race Driver 3 is apparently so hard that the first Appletell reviewer who had this game couldn’t quite get the hang of it, and had to turn it back over to me. But this is not necessarily a bad thing. ToCA 3 was the first racing game he’d tried out in a while, and he just wasn’t prepared for the level of detail and control provided these days. I’ve got more experience with modern racing games, so I came prepared, and ToCA 3 still managed to impress.
Understand, first of all, that I’m not the least bit interested in racing. To me, watching a car try to go faster than other cars is about as entertaining as watching an apple try to brown faster than other apples. But I do like a good Macintosh game, and ToCA offers enough variety to keep even a guy like me coming back for more. I don’t know what it is about the Europeans that they can make racing seem so much more interesting than it can ever be here in America. I suppose next they’re going to tell me that the popularity of soccer is justified if it’s being played anywhere outside of the U.S.?
The first thing you should know is that ToCA 3 plays it straight, for the most part. You’re not smashing into other cars (on purpose, anyway) or using Bond-like gadgetry for additional speed. No turtle shells or squid. The variety instead comes from the ability to race on 80 unique tracks with 70 licensed vehicles…including lawn mowers. Yes, lawn mowers (Honda only, though, no Bolens like my dad used to have). ToCA Race Driver 3 really is based on the premise that if something can move, it will want to move faster than anything else.
ToCA Race Driver 3
There are a couple of problems with racing games this complex, and ToCA 3 manages to address a few of them. To begin with, the game gives you Rick, a fellow who offers tips and criticisms of your performance both during and after the races. He’s quite helpful in pushing you past the learning curve faster than if you were left to your own devices. In fact, the very first race you run—a single lap around the track—is done specifically to let Rick know your current skill level. It’s nice to not feel so alone out there.
If Rick’s not enough to get you over the hump, there’s a fairly robust cheat menu that’s very easy to access; just select Bonus in the options menu and choose the cheat you’d like to unlock. Even if you don’t need them, some are pretty fun and should be done just for the bang of it.
ToCA Race Driver 3
When you think you’re ready for a real race (and you won’t be), you can select from four different modes:
1. World Tour allows you to set up a career racing in any discipline, unlocking new cars and tracks along the way. This is where you’ll get the most variety out of the game, and it’s where I spent most of my time.
2. Pro-Career lets you focus on a single discipline. Within it, you can “…play through each championship in a realistic manner with full race rules, calendars, flags, etc.” This one’s great once you’ve determined there’s a certain style of racing you particularly enjoy.
3. Simulation mode let’s you do pretty much whatever you want. Set up your own championship, run a time trial, practice your disciplines, etc.
4. Multiplayer racing allows you to go up against up to 11 other racers over a LAN or the Internet via GameRanger. I kind of suck at multiplayer gaming, so I was too embarrassed to try this out. You’re on your own.
I won’t go into detail on the various circuits and disciplines available. Too many to cover here, but you can get the info at the Feral site by clicking the appropriate link in the submenu. The vehicle categories bear mentioning, however, as you can select from classics (prestigious vehicles from the last 80 years!), GT, oval (Indy and stock cars), touring, off-road (Big Foot monster trucks!), open-wheel (my favorite), TMS, and Honda. Why Honda gets its own category, I don’t know, but I drive a Honda, so I’ll take that with pride.
ToCA Race Driver 3
The racing itself is fantastic once you get good at it. I always praise the ability of Robosoft to port games over to the Mac, and they’ve really outdone themselves this time. Not only is ToCA probably the best looking Mac-compatible racing game I’ve ever played, but it also performs the best. The combination of realistic lighting and smoke/dirt effects combined with awesome sound effects makes for a wonderful racing experience. Even the cut scenes look great.
And, of course, between races, you’re given myriad options for customizing your car. This kind of thing turns me off, as I’d rather my racing games not feel like RPGs where I have to level up my character between races. But, yeah, I get that it’s important to die-hard racing fans, so I’ll just deal with it.
ToCA Race Driver 3 is, without a doubt, my favorite racing game since Bump ‘n’ Jump on the Intellivision, and I’m glad this one ended up back on my desk. The racing options/styles are so deep and graphics/performance so great that I imagine I’ll be playing this one for some time to come. Racing fans are going to be thrilled with it, and even those who have no interest in auto racing could get a kick out of it if they can get past the learning curve.
And if not…well, you can always stick with lawn mower racing.
Appletell Rating:
Buy ToCA Race Driver 3
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AMD Overdrive for 5400 Black Edition
By pingpongmury
Nov 23, 2008
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1. i've been looking for AMD Overdrive for my 5400 black but amd only has it for a 7 series chip
if anyone could find a link it would be much appreciated
2. Tmagic650
Tmagic650 TS Ambassador Posts: 20,682 +153
Have you tried using Google? It is a powerful search tool if you word your inquiry properly
3. pingpongmury
pingpongmury TechSpot Enthusiast Topic Starter Posts: 108
lol yea.. i got nothin.. only 7 series chipset downloads
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Need tech help, buying new desktop PC
By groomergal
Jun 30, 2009
Topic Status:
Not open for further replies.
1. My daughter"s Compax Presario crashed 3 times HP is replacing it with a new one, I dont know if the new one is a decent unit. It is used for school & surfing the net. No gaming! here are the specs:
– Espresso Black
– Genuine Windows Vista Home Premium with Service Pack 1 (64-bit)
– AMD Turion(TM) X2 Dual-Core Mobile Processor RM-75 (2.2GHz, 1MB L2 Cache, 4.0 GT's Bus Speed)
– FREE Upgrade to 4GB DDR2 System Memory (2 Dimm)
– FREE Upgrade to 320GB 5400RPM SATA Hard Drive with HP ProtectSmart Hard Drive Protection
– ATI Radeon(TM) HD 3200 Graphics
– 16.0" diagonal High Definition HP Brightview Display (1366x768)
– Blu-Ray ROM with SuperMulti DVD+/-R/RW Double Layer
– Webcam + Fingerprint Reader
– Wireless-G Card with Bluetooth
– HP Color Matching Keyboard
– 6 Cell Lithium Ion Battery
– No Modem
Old unit:
GHz Intel Pentium Dual-Core Mobile Processor T3200
Microprocessor Cache 1 MB L2 Cache
Memory 2048 MB
Memory Max Up to 3GB DDR2
Video Graphics Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 4500MHD
Video Memory Up to 765 MB
Hard Drive 160 GB (5400 rpm)
Fax/Modem High speed 56K modem
Network Card Integrated 10/100 Ethernet LAN
Wireless Connectivity 802.11b/g WLAN
Sound Altec Lansing speakers
Keyboard 101-key compatible
65 W AC Adapter
6-cell Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion)
2. Matthew
Matthew TechSpot Staff Posts: 6,043 +84 Staff Member
Overall, spec-wise it's better than the old system, but you'll likely have less time on the battery.
It's definitely worth the trade, though. You're getting a better GPU, double the RAM, way more storage space, a larger display and a Blu-ray player (expensive). The CPUs are probably about on-par with each other in terms of performance, but I'd wager that the new one is a tad more power hungry.
See if they'll throw a battery upgrade in for free or little charge, while you have 'em by the throat. Ask for a 9-cell battery.
If they give you a bit of fuss, tell them that you're extremely satisfied with the replacement but your daughter uses the system for school work and battery performance means a lot to her. Tell them the new one won't last as long because of the above reasons.
3. tipstir
tipstir TS Ambassador Posts: 4,578 +76
Those free upgrades a good deal get them. 4GB and 320GB HDD. I always recommend HP as I own one for a few years now. No issues except for heat but that's because of the AMD X2 CPU but then I can use AMD Power-saver option.
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By Julio Franco
Aug 15, 2012
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1. angiemike6
angiemike6 Newcomer, in training
I agree with many that I do not like the new Metro interface. However I have loaded Windows 8 RTM on a separate partition so that I have both Windows 7 and Windows 8 running under a dual boot system. I have also loaded Start8 from third party software company Stardock which means that Windows 8 loads directly to the conventional desktop, and has a start button that works very similar to Windows 7. I have been impressed with the start up speed, and speed of load and using programmes. I am a digital photographer and Adobe Photoshop Elements works very quickly. Also Chrome browser is very fast. For me I will upgrade to Windows 8 but only because of Start8 software. If I could not have a start button and menu then I would not upgrade. For you information some subscribers have asked for a comparison test between Office 2010 on both systems. This has been tested on another website, and again Windows 8 runs Office 2010 quicker than Windows 7,
2. cliffordcooley
cliffordcooley TechSpot Paladin Posts: 5,765 +1,427
That explains why you don't like metro. I don't see how anyone in photography or graphic design would like Metro. It's painfully obvious MS didn't spend allot of time in the cosmetic department for Metro.
3. Jason Myers
Jason Myers Newcomer, in training
I'll be heading over to Mac eventually. They know not to mess with a winning formula.
You know how little OSX has changed since it was released --11 years-- ago? And it's still going! That's a testament.. and I'm typically an Apple hater.
I hope PC gaming eventually makes a switch to Mac as well.
Valve says Linux, but God's sake, that's too complicated for normal users and game-players to get their head around.
Microsoft needs to learn when it has something good, don't muck it up. Don't TAKE AWAY FROM IT. ADD TO IT!
4. Startup numbers is irelevant. If the os that gives me what I want like windows 7 takes 2min to boot and windows 8 takes 10sec to boot, I would still go with win 7 because you start your computer once a day tops and then use it for several hours, so really who cares about a few extra seconds on startup?
5. You will absolutely get a few points up and down in any performance test.. yes... on the same hardware.. YOU don't know what you're talking about. Whoever said it wobbles knows what they're talking about.
6. Anyone who says 8 isn't faster doesn't know what they're talking about. I ran it on an old dual core AMD and was floored. In everyday use it made a 2.1ghz AMD "feel" like an I7 2600.
7. cliffordcooley
cliffordcooley TechSpot Paladin Posts: 5,765 +1,427
Thats because Windows 8 was designed for a tablet, which doesn't have anymore performance than the single core desktops sold ten years ago. Make your AMD dual core do a few processor intensive tasks, you will soon loose that feeling.
8. ceh4702
ceh4702 Newcomer, in training
I thought the object of an operating syste was to have the most up-time. The object should be stability and usability not how fast you can boot into windows. I never turn my computer off. If you are having to reboot a lot then maybe Microsoft Windows has something wrong with it. Most new installs will run pretty good.
Security is also an issue. Microsoft took out the security feature in win 8 that require the users to type CTRL-ALT-DEL before logging on. There was no logical reason to remove this feature.
I also found that Flash plays lousy on Win8. You may not think this is important, but watching movies with flash seems to be the most important feature for a lot of people. Ever watch a youtube video?
9. dividebyzero
dividebyzero trainee n00b Posts: 4,783 +639
Did you also find that Flash is an Adobe product ?
Is MS somehow responsible for how third-party software runs on it's OS ?
10. For the sake of your PC being an everyday "home" PC for use and in gaming, there is no real benefit to upgrade over Win 7 at this time. I've become used to navigating around the new Metro matrix but it still overs nothing significant in advantages that I can not do on Win 7 while dizzy and blindfolded. Microsoft knows they will make billions because its a "new shiny" that the "I want now" crowd will buy into. So I will wait to see if a future update opens up the throttle a little more for Win 8 before wasting money for mere peanuts. If not then we shall see what the new architecture design and performance will be on Microsofts next OS will be come around...oh 2015 or so.
11. Ericks89
Ericks89 Newcomer, in training
Yes, you will see a difference regardless of your specs. I'm not a fan of the metro UI but many things that I like are reFS(you have to use the command like to format to refs not hard), faster in just about everything, and overall superior performance.
Boots quicker than even the smallest footprints of Linux flavors like arch, puppy, and even ubuntu with btrfs.
I do hope there IS a desktop version of office.
12. smvgopi
smvgopi Newcomer, in training
Windows 7 has better Interface but it is slow in apps execution speed, data copy paste execution speed and popup message boxes execution speed. But Windows 8 is speed and quick in these processes. The main missing aspects in Windows 8 is Desktop Gadgets and Start up Button. We can bring back the Start up Menu by some third party utilities like Classic Shell Start Menu and IOBit also provides Start menu utility for free which is now in Beta. Gadgets also can be got back through some utilities available in the Internet. Internet is speed in Windows 8. By regular working with it, its Metro Style Interface will be accustomed. The main thing I dislike in Windows 8 is, it has no Aero Interface like Windows 7. The Windows and its Message boxes and popup menu boxes has no eye candy aero style edges and its boarders looks like cheap GUI Interface. But it is definitely speed in most aspects than Windows 7. Many software and Games that are provided as free in Previous Windows versions are missing in this OS. We like it or dislike it, Windows 8 is going to dominantly rule the present Computer world till next Windows Version is released.
13. cliffordcooley
cliffordcooley TechSpot Paladin Posts: 5,765 +1,427
Only in a portable world.
14. Ericks89
Ericks89 Newcomer, in training
I'm pretty sure aero glass will be added back or unofficially (the current aero glass trick is kinda lousy and just buggy) It's also not hard to add a start menu or write an application menu there's several available for windows.
15. Seriously?? are you that self centered??? you really think YOUR use of a PC is the ONLY one??? rofl.... there's a whole universe out there of uses and users. but hey, if you run 3 PCs in your bassement, just gaming, you indeed do not need to rebbot every year... but that's not the only setting for windows use. broaden your mind a little....
If you don't know why people are yelling at metro style, I'll tell you why: they don't like it.
The fact that you think it's better in looks is all good, for you. but not for everyone. the fact that you proclame that people are not brave enough if they say they don't like it (if I understood the sentence correctly) does not make you right... maybe they just ... don't like it.... it's a matter of taste. to each his own, don't put people down because of it.
cliffordcooley likes this.
16. Basically, most videos , posts , etc of people saying how W8 is so cool, that I have seen, talks about how "pretty" it is........................... ooook....
See, the fact that you can buy stuff directly through your desktop, have preconfigured facebook and tweeter etc accounts directly on windows and not through a browser for instance, makes me wonder about anonymity, security, etc.... plus it seems to me that it's a windows made for people who like "nice looking stuuf" and not convenient things. Someone playing games, going on facebook, and tweeting his or her latest Windows 8 shopping spree, or blogging videos on youtube will probably love it. and good for them, it will be a progress for them.
But for those of us who do not want 3 different screens with 120x120 icons, even less access to deeper win settings, than before, and don't want to have a smartphone make believe in front of our eyes, ... well, to us this OS kinda Sucks. Period!
My Win7 starts in 11 seconds on a 150 SSD with I7 3770-K so frankly unless I'm trying to defuse a bomb in less than 9 seconds with my PC, the excuse of Win8 starting faster, is useless and not relevant.
The thing I hate the most is the "hovering" part, in the corners, I think that's going to drive me nuts!! so unless there's a way of turning that off, and all the commercial stuff off too, it's a big no for me.
17. Gotta say, when it comes to getting 70+ FPS in gaming, no one cares.
Need to do more tests with the budget system and make the systems struggle and see what happens.
Hopefully more drivers and updates make Windows 8 even faster.
18. NTAPRO
NTAPRO TechSpot Enthusiast Posts: 807 +91
Well keep in mind, it's only really being forced on people buying new pcs from places like retail stores, and even then some people can just find a way to reformat and install an older OS, or give in and stick to it.
19. Why no StartMenu speed test?
20. Archean
Archean TechSpot Paladin Posts: 6,034 +70
Nice read and some interesting comments as well.
I have been using Win8 for many months without any issue at all. On the new UI, for a new user it probably is lot easier to learn and get accustomed with and that is a huge plus. Performance wise, it always felt slightly faster than Win7 to me (have been using it on an nearly ancient Q8400 with 4GB RAM).
On the Modern UI, personally I am neither pro or against it, as I find it pretty easy once you are accustomed to it. The philosophy behind the OS/Modern UI is pretty solid,as only it offers the unique ability to marry a consumption device (ie. tablet) to also become an 'creation device' (ie. Surface tab + cover keyboard) with its ease of use coupled with Office. Only problem is perhaps, all this happening at once, and probably ahead of its time just like the original MS tablet concept.
I think one day Apple too will end up having to unify its desktop/iOS offerings as the world is poised to move away from the desktop computing. For Google, it can end up the biggest looser once that happens, as its Chrome OS is pretty much rejected by the market so far, leaving it with nearly nothing to compete with the other two.
21. dawei1993
dawei1993 Newcomer, in training Posts: 37
I had a bad impression of Windows 8 because of all the rumors and discontent from win8 haters, but the new OS turns out to be fine. I might as well consider an upgrade. Thanks so much Techspot for this in depth review & comparison & analysis.
22. nox007
nox007 Newcomer, in training
How will I know that windows 8 will not be a failure like vista and I should go for it.
Till now im up for windows 8
23. ReederOnTheRun
ReederOnTheRun TechSpot Booster Posts: 310 +62
Actually this is very helpful! I love windows 8 on my laptop, I am hesitant to get it on my desktop because that is my gaming machine.
I definitely agree with the review as far as the speed goes. My laptop was pretty fast with windows 7, but it is still noticeably snappier with windows 8. The only thing I'd recommend is getting used to shortcut keys. I'm a shortcuts type of person so adjusting to windows 8 was no problem at all, but I'm willing to bet that most of the windows 8 critics use the mouse almost exclusively, which explains their issues adapting. Try googling "windows 8 keyboard shortcuts" and start using them. Keyboard shortcuts are way faster than using the mouse anyways, most people will love them after they start using them.
24. Don't worry to much XP and Win 7 are still good OS's depending on "you're" needs and yeah I agree 8 Isn't a good desktop OS but, everyone updating eventually probably not gonna happen with performance close enough to Win 7 not much point to up grading to something that clearly leans towards being a tablet OS, besides at the rate I upgrade to a new OS I'll be fully switched over to Win 7 by the time Win 10 comes out.
25. You do realize there are 3rd party add ons like START 8 that allow you to bypass metro altogether on bootup. disable hot corners. so you get all the benefits of windows 8 but with start menu and desktop view of windows 7.
I thought the same thing until I saw/tried it. microsoft has made great strides with windows 8. only downside is not allowing feature for those without touchscreens the benefit of using win8 and being excited about new upgrade. start menu shouldn't been an included feature from day 1.
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