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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57752 | List of mammals of Argentina
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Argentina. As of February 2011, the list contains 398 mammal species from Argentina, of which 1 is extinct, 6 are critically endangered, 14 are endangered, 19 are vulnerable, and 31 are near-threatened.[1]
EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
Subclass: Theria[edit]
Infraclass: Eutheria[edit]
Order: Cingulata (armadillos)[edit]
Armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. There are 21 extant species in the Americas, 19 of which are only found in South America, where they originated. Their much larger relatives, the pampatheres and glyptodonts, once lived in North and South America but went extinct following the appearance of humans.
The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloths, and tamanduas. Their ancestral home is South America. Numerous ground sloths, some of which reached the size of elephants, were once present in both North and South America, as well as on the Antilles, but all went extinct following the arrival of humans.
Order: Primates[edit]
Black howler female and male
Order: Rodentia (rodents)[edit]
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[edit]
Order: Chiroptera (bats)[edit]
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[edit]
Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)[edit]
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[edit]
Order: Cetacea (whales)[edit]
Infraclass: Metatheria[edit]
Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)[edit]
Woolly opossum
(Caluromys sp.)
Mouse opossum
(Marmosa sp.)
Order: Paucituberculata (shrew opossums)[edit]
Order: Microbiotheria (monito del monte)[edit]
The monito del monte is the only extant member of its family and the only surviving member of an ancient order, Microbiotheria.
See also[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57754 | Macedonian Struggle
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Macedonian Struggle
Greater Macedonia.png
The geographical region of Macedonia
Date 1904–1908
Location Macedonia, predominantly Greek Macedonia
Result Conflicts were stopped after the Young Turk Revolution
Hellenic Macedonian Committee
Patriarchate of Constantinople
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
Bulgarian Exarchate
Commanders and leaders
Konstantinos Mazarakis-Ainian, Lambros Koromilas Ioannis Demestichas, Georgios Katechakis, Ion Dragoumis Apostol Petkov
The Macedonian Struggle (Greek: Μακεδονικὸς Ἀγών) or Greek Struggle in Macedonia Bulgarian: Гръцка въоръжена пропаганда в Македония, "Greek armed propaganda in Macedonia") was a series of social, political, cultural and military conflicts between Greeks and Bulgarians in the region of Ottoman Macedonia between 1904 and 1908. The conflict was part of a wider rebel war in which revolutionary organizations of Greeks, Bulgarians, Serbs, Aromanians and Albanians all fought over Macedonia. Gradually the Greek bands gained the upper hand, but the conflict was ended by the Young Turk Revolution in 1908.
Greek refugees, from Strentza near Bitola/Monastiri, leaving their village in fear of the IMRO
Since the creation of the modern Greek state in 1830, the Megali Idea, an irredentist concept of a Greek state, dominated Greek politics. The Megali Idea project called for the annexation of all ethnic Greek lands, including Macedonia, parts of which had participated in the Greek War of Independence in the 1820s, were unsuccessful and remained under foreign rule. There was a rebellion in 1854 aiming to unite Macedonia with Greece, but it failed.[1]
Initially the conflict was waged through educational and religious propaganda, with a fierce rivalry developing between supporters of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, who generally identified as Greek, and supporters of the Bulgarian Exarchate, which had been established by the Ottomans in 1870.[2]
As Ottoman rule in the Balkans crumbled in the late 19th century, competition arose between Greeks and Bulgarians (and to a lesser extent also other ethnic groups such as Serbs, Aromanians and Albanians) over the multi-ethnic region of Macedonia.[2][need quotation to verify] The defeat of Greece in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 was a loss that appalled Greeks.[3] The Ethniki Eteria was dissolved by Prime Minister Theotokis.
Greek–Bulgarian relations in Ottoman Macedonia[edit]
In 1894, an organization known as the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) was founded by Bulgarian anti-Ottoman revolutionaries in Thessaloníki, with the aim of liberating Macedonia and Thrace from Ottoman rule.
Initially IMRO was declared as a Bulgarian organization, but later it was opened to all ethnic groups in Macedonia and IMRO claimed that it was fighting for the autonomy of Macedonia and not for annexation to Bulgaria. In practice, most of the followers of the IMRO were Bulgarians,[4] though they also had some Aromanian supporters, like Pitu Guli, Mitre The Vlach, Ioryi Mucitano and Alexandar Coshca.[5] Many of the members of the organization saw Macedonian autonomy as an intermediate step to unification with Bulgaria,[6][7] but others saw as their aim the creation of a Balkan federal state, with Macedonia as an equal member.[8]
Already from 1895, armed bands of Komitadjis were formed in Bulgaria in order to reinforce the activities of IMRO in Macedonia. One of their first activities was the capture of the predominantly Greek town of Meleniko (today Melnik, Bulgaria), but they couldn't hold it for more than a few hours.[9][10] Bulgarian bands destroyed the Pomak village of Dospat where they massacred local inhabitants.[10] This kind of activity alerted Greeks and Serbians, who made a farce of the slogan "Macedonia to Macedonians".[11] Thus, Serbia and especially Greece opposed the IMRO movement. The Greeks of Macedonia had no interest in autonomy, but desired enosis (union) with Greece, which cause was supported by the Greek government.
The situation in Macedonia became heated and started to affect European public opinion. In April 1903, a group called Gemidzhii with some assistance from the IMRO blew up the French ship Guadalquivir and the Ottoman Bank in the harbour of Thessaloniki. In August 1903, IMRO managed to organise an uprising (the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising) in Macedonia and the Adrianople Vilayet. After the forming of the short-lived Krushevo Republic, the insurrection was suppressed by the Ottomans with the subsequent destruction of many villages and the devastation of large areas in Western Macedonia and around Kırk Kilise near Adrianople. The failure of the 1903 insurrection resulted in the eventual split of the IMARO into a left-wing (federalist) faction and a right-wing faction (centralists) which weakened the organization additionally.
Macedonian Committee[edit]
Seal of the Greek Macedonian Committee depicting Alexander the Great and Byzantine Emperor Basil II
Pavlos Melas in Macedonomachos uniform
In order to strengthen Greek efforts for Macedonia, the Macedonian Committee (Μακεδονικό Κομιτάτο, Makedoniko Komitato) was formed in 1903, under the leadership of wealthy publisher Dimitrios Kalapothakis; its members included Ion Dragoumis and Pavlos Melas.[12]
Under these conditions, in 1904 a vicious guerrilla war broke as response of IMRO activities between Bulgarian and Greek bands within Ottoman Macedonia. The Bishop of Kastoria, Germanos Karavangelis sent to Macedonia by the ambassador of Greece Nikolaos Mavrokordatos and the consul of Greece in Monastiri, Ion Dragoumis, realised that it was time to act in a more efficient way and started organising Greek opposition.
Fighters from Veria
The band of Lazaros Apostolidis from Kastoria
Pericles Drakos with co-fighters
While Dragoumis concerned himself with the financial organisation of the efforts, the central figure in the military struggle was the very capable Cretan officer Georgios Katehakis.[13] Katehakis later became a war hero in the Balkan Wars and World War I, and was Defense Minister in the interwar years. Bishop Germanos Karavangelis animated the Greek population against the IMRO and formed committees to promote the Greek national interests.
Taking advantage of the internal political and personal disputes in IMRO, Katehakis and Karavangelis initially succeeded to recruit some IMRO former members and to organize guerrilla groups, that were later reinforced with people sent from Greece and thus were mainly composed of ex-officers of the Hellenic Army, volunteers brought from Crete, from the Mani area of the Peloponnese, as well as Macedonian Greeks, such as Evangelos Natsis from the village of Asprogia, Lazaros Apostolidis from Kastoria, Captain Giaglis from Ierissos, Konstantinos Kottas from the village of Roulia, Florina Prefecture (a former adherent of the IMRO), Michael Sionidis, Captain Ramnalis, Pantelis Papaioannou, Stefanos Papagalos from Veria, Dimitrios Dalipis from Kastoria, Pericles Drakos from Kavala, Christos Dellios, Christos Argyrakos and many more.
The rebel fighters that fought for the Greek cause were known as Makedonomachoi (Greek: Μακεδονομάχοι; "Macedonian fighters").[14] They were portrayed by Greek writer Penelope Delta in her novel Τά μυστικά τοῦ Βάλτου (Ta Mystiká tou Váltou – The Secrets of the Swamp), as well as in the book of memoirs Ὁ Μακεδονικός Ἀγών (The Macedonian Struggle) by Germanos Karavangelis, while on the other side, the fighters of IMRO and their activities are depicted in the book Confessions of a Macedonian Bandit: A Californian in the Balkan Wars, written by Albert Sonnichsen, an American volunteer in the IMRO during the Macedonian Struggle.
Guerrilla activity[edit]
Statue of Pavlos Melas, Drama
The Greek state became concerned, not only because of Bulgarian penetration in Macedonia but also due to Serbian interests, which were concentrated mainly in Skopje and Bitola area. The rioting in Macedonia and especially the death of Pavlos Melas in 1904 (he was the first Greek officer to enter Macedonia with guerrillas and was killed in battle with the Ottoman army) caused intense nationalistic feelings in Greece. This led to the decision to send more guerrilla troops in order to thwart Bulgarian efforts to bring all of the Slavic-speaking majority population of Macedonia on their side.
Tellos Agras in the middle, with Nikiforos (Ioannis Demestichas) to his left and Kalas (Constantine Sorros)
The Greek General Consulate in Thessaloniki, under Lambros Koromilas, became the centre of the struggle, coordinating the guerrilla troops, distributing military material and nursing the wounded. Fierce conflicts between the Greeks and Bulgarians started in the area of Kastoria, in the Giannitsa Lake area, and elsewhere. During 1905, guerilla activity increased and the Makedonomachoi gained significant advantage within 10 months, extending their control towards the areas of Mariovo and East Macedonia, Kastanohoria (near Kastoria), the plains north and south of Florina and the routes around Monastir.[15] However, from early 1906 the situation became critical and the forces of the Makedonomachoi were forced to withdraw from various areas. Their manpower during that period was reduced from 1,000 to ca. 200, perhaps a little more than the Komitadjis, but nevertheless the groups of Tellos Agras and Ioannis Demestichas had some success in the marsh of Giannitsa.[15] There were great advances of the Serb forces, joined by Muslim Slavs, in summer of 1906 in the northern areas of the Sanjak of Skopje.[16]
War crimes were committed by both sides during the Macedonian struggle. According to a 1900 British report complied by Alfred Biliotti, who is considered to have heavily relied on Greek intelligence agents,[17] starting from 1897, the members of the Exarchist committees had embarked upon a systematic and extensive campaign of executions of the leading members of the Greek side.[18] Moreover, Bulgarian Komitadjis, pursued a campaign of extermination of Greek and Serbian teachers and clergy.[19] On the other hand, there were attacks by Greek Andartes on many Bulgarian villages, with the aim of forcing their inhabitants to switch their allegiance to the Patriarchate and accept Greek priest and teachers,[20][21] but they also carried out massacres against the civilian population,[22] especially in the central parts of Macedonia in 1905[23] and in 1906.[24] One of the notable cases was the massacre[25] at the village Zagorichani (today Vasiliada, Greece), which was an aggressive Exarchist pro Bulgarian stronghold[11] predominantly populated by Bulgarians,[26][27] near Kastoria on 25 March 1905, where between 60 and 78 villagers were killed by Greek bands.[24][28]
According to British reports on political crimes (including the above-mentioned Biliotti report), during the period from 1897 to 1912 over 4000 political murders were committed (66 before 1901, 200 between 1901 and 1903, 3300 between 1903 and 1908 and 600 between 1908 and 1912), excluding those killed during the Ilinden uprising and the members of the Bulgarian and Greek bands. Of those who were killed, 53% were Bulgarians, 33.5% were Greeks, Serbs and Romanians together 3.5% and 10% were of an unknown nationality.[29]
Both guerrilla groups had also to confront the Turkish Army, though the Ottoman administration often ignored the activity of the Greek guerrillas[30] and according to Dakin assisted them outright.[11] However, once the subversive potential of the Bulgarian side had been neutralised, Ottoman policy ended the favourable neutrality to the Greek side and embarked upon "relentless persecutions" against the andartes, though even then their main interest was to "suppress the Bulgarian gangs"[31] These conflicts ended after the revolution of Young Turks in July 1908, as they promised to respect all ethnicities and religions, and to provide a constitution.
The success of Greek efforts in Macedonia was an experience that gave confidence to the country. It helped develop an intention to annex Greek-speaking areas, and bolster Greek presence in the still Ottoman-ruled Macedonia.
The events in Macedonia, specifically the consequences of the conflicts between Greek and Bulgarian national activists, including Greek massacres against the Bulgarian population in 1905 and 1906, gave rise to pogroms against the ca. 70,000-80,000 strong Greek communities that lived in Bulgaria, who were considered to share responsibility (including the support given to the guerrillas by some Bulgarian Greeks) for the actions of the Greek guerrilla groups.[28][32]
Nevertheless the Young Turk movement resulted in a few instances of collaboration between Greek and Bulgarian bands, while this time the official policy in both countries continue to support the penetration of armed fighters into Ottoman Macedonia, but without having fully ensured that there would be no attacks on each other.[33]
See also[edit]
1. ^ Crisis of the Ottoman Empire: prelude to collapse, 1839-1878, 2000, pages 249-252
2. ^ a b Clogg, Richard. A Concise History of Greece. Cambridge University Press, 1992. 257 pages. p.81.
3. ^ Clogg, Richard. A Concise History of Greece. Cambridge University Press, 1992. p. 71.
4. ^ Stanford J. Shaw; Ezel Kural Shaw (27 May 1977). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 2, Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey 1808-1975. Cambridge University Press. pp. 209–. ISBN 978-0-521-29166-8.
5. ^ Minov, Nikola. The Aromanians and IMRO. Macedonian Historical Review. Vol.2.2011, p. 181-200.
6. ^ Идеята за автономия като тактика в програмите на национално-освободителното движение в Македония и Одринско (1893-1941), Димитър Гоцев, 1983, Изд. на Българска Академия на Науките, София, 1983, c. 34.; in English: The idea for autonomy as a tactics in the programs of the National Liberation movements in Macedonia and Adrianople regions 1893-1941", Sofia, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Dimitar Gotsev, 1983, p 34. Among others, there are used the memoirs of the IMRO revolutionary Kosta Tsipushev, where he cited Delchev, that the autonomy then was only tactics, aiming future unification with Bulgaria. (55. ЦПА, ф. 226); срв. К. Ципушев. 19 години в сръбските затвори, СУ Св. Климент Охридски, 2004, ISBN 954-91083-5-X стр. 31-32. in English: Kosta Tsipushev, 19 years in Serbian prisons, Sofia University publishing house, 2004, ISBN 954-91083-5-X, p. 31-32.
7. ^ Таjните на Македониjа. Се издава за прв пат, Скопjе 1999. in Macedonian – Ете како ја објаснува целта на борбата Гоце Делчев во 1901 година: "...Треба да се бориме за автономноста на Македанија и Одринско, за да ги зачуваме во нивната целост, како еден етап за идното им присоединување кон општата Болгарска Татковина". In English – How Gotse Delchev explained the aim of the struggle against the Ottomans in 1901: "...We have to fight for autonomy of Macedonia and Adrianople regions as a stage for their future unification with our common fatherland, Bulgaria."
8. ^ The last interview with the leader of IMRO, Ivan Michailov in 1989 - newspaper 'Democratsia', Sofia, 8 January 2001, pp. 10-11.
9. ^ Sherman, Laura Beth (1980). Fires on the mountain: the Macedonian revolutionary movement and the kidnapping of Ellen Stone. New York: Columbia U.P. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-914710-55-4.
10. ^ a b "Le meurtre du prêtre comme violence inaugurale (Bulgarie 1872, Macédoine 1900)". http://balkanologie IX (1-2). December 2005. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
11. ^ a b c Dakin, Douglas (1966). The Greek struggle in Macedonia, 1897-1913. Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 48, 224 and p.337.
12. ^ Konstantinos Vakalopoulos, Historia tou voreiou hellenismou, vol 2, 1990, pp. 429-430
13. ^ Bulgarian Historical Review, vol 31, 1-4, 2003, p 117 "Only a few days later -on November 1- Katehakis arrived in Macedonia as Melas' successor
14. ^ Keith S. Brown; Yannis Hamilakis (2003). The Usable Past: Greek Metahistories. Lexington Books. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-7391-0384-5.
15. ^ a b Gounaris, Basil C. "National Claims, Conflicts and Developments in Macedonia, 1870-1912" (PDF). p. 194. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
16. ^ Vemund Aarbakke (2003). Ethnic rivalry and the quest for Macedonia, 1870-1913. East European Monographs. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-88033-527-0. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
17. ^ name=SMEA>David Barchard, The Fearless and Self-Reliant Servant: The Life and Career of Sir Alfred Biliotti (1833-1895), p.50
18. ^ Gounaris, Basil C. "National Claims, Conflicts and Developments in Macedonia, 1870-1912" (PDF). p. 189. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
19. ^ Jezernik, Božidar (2004). Wild Europe: the Balkans in the gaze of Western travellers. London: Saqi [u.a.] p. 183. ISBN 978-0-86356-574-8.
20. ^ Hazell's annual; 1908; p.574
21. ^ The Annual register of world events: a review of the year, Volume 148; 1907; p.334
22. ^ The Encyclopedia Americana: a library of universal knowledge, Volume 27; 1920; p.194
23. ^ Macedonia; its races and their future; Henry Noël Brailsford; 1906; p.215-216
24. ^ a b Between Two Motherlands: Nationality and Emigration among the Greeks of Bulgaria, 1900-1949; Theodora Dragostinova 2011; pp.39-40
25. ^ Papers by command, Volume 137; Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons; 1906; p.24
26. ^ Mapping migration in Kastoria, Macedonia
27. ^ Macedonia and its Christian population; D.M. Brancoff; 1905; p.182
28. ^ a b The Macedonian question, 1893-1908, from Western sources; Nadine Lange-Akhund; 1998 p.279
29. ^ Basil C. Gounaris; Preachers of God and martyrs of the Nation: The politics of murder in ottoman Macedonia in the early 20th century; Balkanologie, Vol. IX, December 2005
30. ^ A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire, Şükrü Hanioğlu, 2010, p.134
31. ^ Gounaris, Basil C. "National Claims, Conflicts and Developments in Macedonia, 1870-1912" (PDF). p. 196. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
32. ^ Theodora Dragostinova (2011). Between Two Motherlands: Nationality and Emigration Among the Greeks of Bulgaria, 1900-1949. Cornell University Press. pp. 66–. ISBN 0-8014-6116-2. quote=New Greek massacres of Bulgarians in Macedonia in 1906 led to a repetition of anti-Greek violence in the Principality of Bulgaria
33. ^ Gounaris, Basil C. "National Claims, Conflicts and Developments in Macedonia, 1870-1912" (PDF). p. 201. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57756 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Mi'kmaw)
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Mi'kmaq (disambiguation).
Mikmaq State Flag (vertical).svg
Total population
Regions with significant populations
Canada (New Brunswick, some people of this tribe live in
English, Mi'kmaq, French
Christianity, Mi'kmaq traditionalism and spirituality, others
Related ethnic groups
other Algonquian peoples
Mi'kma'ki: Divided into seven districts
The Mi'kmaq (also Micmac, L'nu and Mi'kmaw)(English /ˈmɪkmæk/; Mi'kmaq: [miːɡmax]),[2][3][4] are a First Nations band, indigenous to Canada's Atlantic Provinces and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec. They call this region Mi'kma'ki. Others today live in Newfoundland and the northeastern region of Maine. The nation has a population of about 40,000 (plus about 25,000 in the Qalipu First Nation in Newfoundland[5][6]), of whom nearly 11,000 speak Mi'kmaq, an Eastern Algonquian language .[7][8] Once written in Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing, it is now written using most letters of the standard Latin alphabet.
The Grand Council (also known as Santé Mawiómi) was the traditional senior level of government for the Mi'kmaq people until Canada passed the Indian Act (1876) to require First Nations to establish representative elected governments. After implementation of the Indian Act, the Grand Council took on a more spiritual function. The Grand Council was made up of representatives from the seven district councils in Mi'kma'ki.
On September 26, 2011 the Government of Canada announced the recognition of Canada's newest Mi'kmaq First Nations Band, the Qalipu First Nations in Newfoundland and Labrador. The new band, which is landless, has accepted 25,000 applications to become part of the band.[9] The number of applications received by the application deadline on November 30, 2012 exceeded 100,000; as of January 2013, the majority of those had not yet been processed. The deadline was extended to January 31, 2014, and then to February 10, 2014.[10][11] Its members are recognized as Status Indians, joining other organized Mi'kmaq bands recognized in southeast Canada.[12][13]
The ethnonym has traditionally been spelled Micmac in English, but the people themselves have used different spellings: Mi’kmaq (singular Mi’kmaw) in Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, Miigmaq (Miigmao) in New Brunswick, Mi’gmaq by the Listuguj Council in Quebec, and Mìgmaq (Mìgmaw) in some native literature.[14]
Until the 1980s, "Micmac" remained the most common spelling in English. Although still used, for example in Ethnologue, this spelling has fallen out of favour in recent years. Most scholarly publications now use the spelling Mi'kmaq, and it has been adopted by media[15] as the spelling Micmac is now considered to be "colonially tainted".[14] The Mi'kmaq prefer to use one of the three current Mi'kmaq orthographies when writing the language.[16]
Other hypotheses include the following:
Members of the Mi'kmaq historically referred to themselves as Lnu, but used the term níkmaq (my kin) as a greeting.[21] The French initially referred to the Mi'kmaq as Souriquois"[22] and later as Gaspesiens or (through English) "Mickmakis". The British originally referred to them as Tarrantines.[23]
Pre-contact culture[edit]
Archaeologist Dean Snow states that the fairly deep linguistic split between the Mi'kmaq and the Eastern Algonquians to the southwest, suggests the Mi'kmaq developed an independent prehistoric sequence emphasizing maritime orientation, as the area had relatively few major river systems.[24] According to ethnologist T. J. Brasser, with a climate unfavorable for agriculture, small semi-nomadic bands of a few patrilineally related families subsisted on fishing and hunting. Their weakly developed leadership did not extend beyond hunting parties.[25]
Food and hunting[edit]
Hunting a moose[edit]
First contacts[edit]
The Mi'kmaq territory was the first portion of North America to be heavily exploited for European resource extraction. Reports by John Cabot and Portuguese explorers encouraged visits by Portuguese, Spanish, Basque, French, and English fishermen and whalers beginning in the early years of the 16th century. Early European fishermen salted their catch at sea and sailed directly home; but they set up camps ashore for dry-curing cod as early as 1520; this became the preferred preservation method during the second half of the century.[28] These camps traded with Mi'kmaq fishermen; and trading rapidly expanded to include furs.
Trading furs for European trade goods changed Mi'kmaq social perspectives. Desire for trade goods encouraged the men devoting a larger portion of the year away from the coast trapping in the interior. Trapping non-migratory animals, such as beaver, increased awareness of territoriality. Trader preferences for good harbors resulted in greater numbers of Mi'kmaq gathering in fewer summer rendezvous locations. This in turn encouraged their establishing larger bands led by the ablest trade negotiators.[29]
The Seven Mi'kmaq districts are :
• Epekwitk aq Piktuk (Epegwitg aq Pigtug)
• Eskikewa'kik (Esge'gewa'gi)
• Kespek (Gespe'gewa'gi)
• Kespukwitk (Gespugwitg)
• Siknikt (Signigtewa'gi)
• Sipekni'katik (Sugapune'gati)
• Unama'kik (Unama'gi)
Mi'kmaq encampment, Sydney, Cape Breton Island
Mi'kmaq people lived in structures called wigwams. They cut down saplings, which were usually spruce, and curved them over a circle drawn on the ground. These saplings were lashed together at the top, and then covered with birch bark. The Mi'kmaq had two different sizes of wigwams. The smaller size could hold 10-15 people and the larger size 15-20 people. Wigwams could be either conical or domed in shape.
17th and 18th centuries[edit]
Colonial wars[edit]
Mi'kmaq People (1865)
Chief Jean-Baptiste Cope signed a Peace Treaty in 1752 on behalf of the Shubenacadie Mi'kmaq.[32] With the signing of various treaties, the 75 years of regular warfare ended in 1761 with the Burying the Hatchet ceremony.
Mi'kmaq People (1873)
During this time period two colonial figures were honoured at their deaths by the Mi'kmaq. Two hundred Mi'kmaq chanted their death song at the burial of Governor Michael Francklin.[38] They also celebrated the life of Pierre Maillard.[39]
19th century[edit]
Royal Acadian School[edit]
Walter Bromley was a British officer and reformer who established the Royal Acadian School and supported the Mi'kmaq over the thirteen years he lived in Halifax, Nova Scotia (1813-1725).[40] Bromley devoted himself to the service of the Mi’kmaq people.[41] The Mi'kmaq were among the poor of Halifax and in the rural communities. According to historian Judith Finguard, his contribution to give public exposure to the plight of the Mi’kmaq “particularly contributes to his historical significance.” Finguard writes:
Bromley’s attitudes towards the Indians were singularly enlightened for his day…. Bromley totally dismissed the idea that native people were naturally inferior and set out to encourage their material improvement through settlement and agriculture, their talents through education, and their pride through his own study of their languages.[40]
MicMac Missionary Society[edit]
Silas Tertius Rand in 1849 help found the Micmac Missionary Society, a full-time Mi'kmaq mission. Basing his work in Hantsport, Nova Scotia, where he lived from 1853 until his death in 1889, he travelled widely among Mi'kmaq communities, spreading the faith, learning the language, and recording examples of the Mi'kmaq oral tradition. Rand produced scriptural translations in Mi'kmaq and Maliseet, compiled a Mi'kmaq dictionary and collected numerous legends, and through his published work, was the first to introduce the stories of Glooscap to the wider world. The mission was dissolved in 1870. After a long period of disagreement with the Baptist church, he eventually returned to the church in 1885.
Mic-Mac hockey sticks[edit]
Main article: Mic-Mac hockey stick
In 1863, the Starr Manufacturing Company in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia began to sell the Mic-Mac hockey sticks nationally and internationally.[44] Hockey became a popular sport in Canada in the 1890s.[45] Throughout the first decade of the twentieth century, the Mic-Mac Hockey Stick was the best-selling hockey stick in Canada. By 1903, apart from farming, the principal occupation of the Mi'kmaq on reserves throughout Nova Scotia, and particularly on the Shubenacadie, Indian Brook and Millbrook Reserves, was producing the Mic-Mac Hockey Stick.[44] The department of Indian Affairs for Nova Scotia noted in 1927, that the Mi'kmaq remained the "experts" at making hockey sticks.[46] The Mi'kmaq continued to make hockey sticks until the 1930s, when the product was industrialized.[47]
20th and 21st centuries[edit]
Jerry Lonecloud (1854–1930) worked with historian and archivist Harry Piers to document the ethnography of the Mi'kmaq people in the early 20th century. Lonecloud wrote the first Mi'kmaq memoir, which his biographer entitled "Tracking Dr. Lonecloud: Showman to Legend Keeper".[48] Historian Ruth Holmes Whitehead wrote, "Ethnographer of the Micmac nation could rightly have been his epitaph, his final honour."[49]
World Wars[edit]
In 1914, over 150 Mi'kmaw men sign up during World War I. During the First World War, thirty-four out of sixty-four male Mi’kmaq from Lennox Island First Nation, Prince Edward Island enlisted in the armed forces, distinguishing themselves particularly in the Battle of Amiens.[50] In 1939, World War II begins and over 250 Mi'kmaq volunteer. (In 1950, over 60 Mi'kmaq enlist to serve in the Korean War.)
Treaty Day[edit]
In 1986, the first Treaty Day was celebrated by Nova Scotians on October 1 in recognition of the Treaties signed between the British Empire and the Mi'kmaq people. The first treaty was signed in 1725 after Father Rale's War. The final treaties of 1760-61, marked the end of 75 years of regular warfare between the Mi'kmaq and the British (see the four French and Indian Wars as well as Father Rale's War and Father Le Loutre's War). The treaty making process of 1760-61, ended with the Burying the Hatchet ceremony (Nova Scotia) (1761).
The treaties were only formally recognized by the Supreme Court of Canada once they were enshrined in the Canadian Constitution in 1982. The first Treaty Day occurred the year after the Supreme Court upheld the Peace Treaty of 1752 signed by Jean-Baptiste Cope and Governor Peregrine Hopson. Since that time there have been numerous judicial decisions that have upheld the other treaties in the Supreme Court, the most recognized being the Donald Marshall case.
Tripartite Forum[edit]
Mi’kmaq Kina’ matnewey[edit]
The Nova Scotia government and the Mi’kmaq community have made the Mi’kmaq Kina’ matnewey, which is the most successful First Nation Education Program in Canada.[52][53] In 1982, the first Mi’kmaq operated school opened in Nova Scotia.[54] By 1997, all education for Mi’kmaq on reserves were given the responsibility for their own education.[55] There are now 11 band run schools in Nova Scotia.[56] Now Nova Scotia has the highest rate of retention of aboriginal students in schools in the country.[56] More than half the teachers are Mi’kmaq.[56] From 2011 to 2012 there was a 25% increase of Mi’kmaq students going to university. Atlantic Canada has the highest rate of aboriginal students attending university in the country.[57][58]
Truth and Reconciliation Commission[edit]
In 2005, Nova Scotian Mi'kmaq Nora Bernard led the largest class-action lawsuit in Canadian history, representing an estimated 79,000 survivors of the Canadian Indian residential school system. The Canadian government settled the lawsuit for upwards of 5 billion dollars.[59]
On June 11, 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper made an apology to the residential school survivors.[60]
In the Fall of 2011 there was an Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission that travelled to various communities in Atlantic Canada, who were all served by the Shubenacadie Indian Residential School. For 37 years (1930-1967), 10% of Mi'kmaq children attended the institution.[61]
In the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador, October is celebrated as Mi'kmaq History Month. The entire Mi'kmaq Nation celebrates Treaty Day annually on October 1. This was date when the Peace and Friendship Treaty of 1752 was signed by Jean-Baptiste Cope of Shubenacadie and the king's representative. It was stated that the natives would be given gifts annually,"as long as they continued in Peace."[62]
They use the leaves of Ranunculus acris for headaches.[63]
Religion and folklore[edit]
A dancer in the Mi'kmaq celebration
Many Mi'kmaq practice the Catholic faith, some only practice traditional Mi'kmaq religion, while many have adopted both religions.[64] There is one myth [source required] explaining that the Mi'kmaq once believed that evil and wickedness among men is what causes them to kill each other. This causes great sorrow to the creator-sun-god, who weeps tears that become rains sufficient to trigger a deluge. The people attempt to survive the flood by traveling in bark canoes, but only a single old man and woman survive to populate the earth.[65]
The people also tell folktales, which involve all the people. They are understood to be fictional. These traditional tales also give moral or social lessons to youth, and are told for amusement about the way people are. Good storytellers were highly prized by the Mi'kmaq,[66] as they are in every culture, which develop many means to tell their stories.
Spiritual sites[edit]
One spiritual capital of the Mi'kmaq nation is Mniku, the gathering place of the Míkmaq Grand Council or Santé Mawiómi, Chapel Island in Bras d'Or Lake of Nova Scotia. The island is also the site of the St. Anne Mission, an important pilgrimage site for the Mi'kmaq (Robinson 2005). The island has been declared a historic site.[67]
First Nation subdivisions[edit]
Acadia First Nation Nova Scotia Yarmouth 996 Malikiaq
Annapolis Valley First Nation Nova Scotia Cambridge Station 219 Kampalijek
Aroostook Band of Micmac Maine Presque Isle 920 Ulustuk
Bear River First Nation Nova Scotia Bear River 272 Lsetkuk
Buctouche First Nation New Brunswick Buctouche 80 Puktusk
Burnt Church First Nation New Brunswick Esgenoôpetitj 14 1,488 Eskinuopitijk
Chapel Island First Nation Nova Scotia Chapel Island 576 Potlotek
Eel Ground First Nation New Brunswick Eel Ground 844 Natuaqanek
Eel River Bar First Nation New Brunswick Eel River Bar 589 Ugpi'gangij
Elsipogtog First Nation New Brunswick Big Cove 3000+ Lsipuktuk
Eskasoni First Nation Nova Scotia Eskasoni 3,800+ Wékistoqnik
Fort Folly First Nation New Brunswick Dorchester 105 Amlamkuk Kwesawék
Micmacs of Gesgapegiag Quebec Gesgapegiag 1,174 Keskapekiaq
Nation Micmac de Gespeg Quebec Fontenelle 490 Kespék
Glooscap First Nation Nova Scotia Hantsport 360 Pesikitk
Indian Island First Nation New Brunswick Indian Island 145 Lnui Menikuk
Lennox Island First Nation Prince Edward Island Lennox Island 700 Lnui Mnikuk
Listuguj Mi'gmaq First Nation Quebec Listuguj Mi'gmaq First Nation 3,166 Listikujk
Membertou First Nation Nova Scotia Sydney 1,051 Maupeltuk
Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation New Brunswick Red Bank 527 Metepnákiaq
Miawpukek First Nation Newfoundland and Labrador Conne River 2,366 Miawpukwek
Qalipu First Nation Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador 21,429[5] Qalipu[68][69]
Millbrook First Nation Nova Scotia Truro 1400 Wékopekwitk
Pabineau First Nation New Brunswick Bathurst 214 Kékwapskuk
Paq'tnkek First Nation Nova Scotia Afton 500 Paqtnkek
Pictou Landing First Nation Nova Scotia Trenton 547 Puksaqtéknékatik
Wagmatcook First Nation Nova Scotia Wagmatcook 623 Waqmitkuk
Waycobah First Nation Nova Scotia Whycocomagh 900 Wékoqmáq
Year Population Verification
1500 4,500 Estimation
1600 3,000 Estimation
1700 2,000 Estimation
1750 3,000 Estimation
1800 3,100 Estimation
1900 4,000 Census
1940 5,000 Census
1960 6,000 Census
1972 10,000 Census
1998 15,000 SIL
2006 20,000 Census
Notable Mi'kmaq[edit]
In popular culture[edit]
The Mi'kmaq are mentioned as well in Stephen King's novel Pet Semetary.
See also[edit]
1. ^ Flags of the World
3. ^ Lockerby, E. (2004). "Ancient Mi’kmaq Customs: A Shaman's Revelations." The Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 24(2), 403-423. see note 2
5. ^ a b "Programs and Services". Qalipu.ca.
7. ^ Indigenous Languages Spoken in the United States
8. ^ Statistics Canada 2006
9. ^ http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2012/10/04/nl-qalipu-mikmaq-membership-claims-1004.html
10. ^ Sheppard, Brendan (17 January 2013). "Update on Enrolment Process". Qalipu Mi'kmaq First Nation Band.
11. ^ Sheppard, Brendan (January 2014). "Message from the Chief" (PDF). Qalipu.ca. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
13. ^ "Qalipu Mi'kmaq - First Nation Band". Qalipu.ca. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
15. ^ Anne-Christine Hornborg, Mi'kmaq Landscapes (2008), p. 3
17. ^ The Nova Scotia Museum's Míkmaq Portraits database
18. ^ Mi'kmaw Resource Guide, Eastern Woodlands Publishing (1997)
19. ^ Weshki-ayaad, Lippert, Gambill (2009). Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary
22. ^ Relations des Jésuites de la Nouvelle-France
24. ^ Snow, p.69
25. ^ Brasser, p.78
26. ^ Bock, pp.109&110
27. ^ [3]
28. ^ Brasser, pp.79&80
29. ^ Brasser, pp.83&84
31. ^ Daniel Paul, We Were Not the Savages pp 74-75.
34. ^ Plank, Unsettled Conquest, p. 163
37. ^ Reid. p. 26
40. ^ a b Walter Bromley - Canadian Biography
41. ^ Thomas Atkins. History of Halifax. p. 159
43. ^ [4]
45. ^ Cutherbertson, p. 58
48. ^ http://novascotia.ca/news/release/?id=20021011009
49. ^ Canadian Biography On Line
50. ^ http://www.mmnn.ca/2013/12/in-our-words-stories-of-veterans/
53. ^ [Mi’kmaq Kina’ matnewey http://kinu.ca/]
54. ^ Benjamin, p. 208
55. ^ Benjamin, p. 210
56. ^ a b c Benjamin, p. 211
57. ^ Benjamin, p. 214
58. ^ http://thechronicleherald.ca/novascotia/1244586-number-of-mi-kmaq-graduates-continues-to-rise
59. ^ Halifax Daily News article on Bernard in 2006 Archived at Arnold Pizzo McKiggan
60. ^ Benjamin, p. 190
61. ^ Benjamin, p. 195
62. ^ Treaty of 1752
63. ^ Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 60)
64. ^ (Robinson 2005)
65. ^ Canada's First Nations - Native Creation Myths, University of Calgary
66. ^ [5]
67. ^ CBCnews. Cape Breton Míkmaq site recognized
70. ^ Dickshovel - Micmac
72. ^ a b http://peicanada.com/west_prince_graphic/publication/mi’kmaq_soldiers_lennox_island_had_distinguished_service
73. ^ Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Government - Donald Julien
74. ^ http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/laurent_paul_3E.html
• Bock, Philip K. (1978). "Micmac". In Trigger, Bruce G. Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 15. Northeast. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 109–122.
• Brasser, T.J. (1978). "Early Indian-European Contacts". In Trigger, Bruce G. Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 15. Northeast. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 78–88.
• Davis, Stephen A. (1998). Míkmaq: Peoples of the Maritimes. Nimbus Publishing.
• Joe, Rita; Choyce, Lesley (2005). The Míkmaq Anthology. Nimbus Publishing. ISBN 1-895900-04-2.
• Magocsi, Paul Robert, ed. (1999). Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
• Paul, Daniel N. (2000). We Were Not the Savages: A Míkmaq Perspective on the Collision Between European and Native American Civilizations. Fernwood Pub.
• Prins, Harald E. L. (1996). The Míkmaq: Resistance, Accommodation, and Cultural Survival. Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology. Wadsworth.
• Robinson, Angela (2005). Tán Teli-Ktlamsitasit (Ways of Believing): Míkmaw Religion in Eskasoni, Nova Scotia. Pearson Education. ISBN 0-13-177067-5.
• Snow, Dean R. (1978). "Late Prehistory of the East Coast: Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Eastern New Brunswick Drainages". In Trigger,Bruce G. Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 15. Northeast. Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 69.
• Speck, Frank (1922). Beothuk and Micmac.
• Whitehead, Ruth Holmes (2004). The Old Man Told Us: Excerpts from Míkmaq History 1500-1950. Nimbus Publishing. ISBN 0-921054-83-1.
• Wicken, William C. (2002). Míkmaq Treaties on Trial: History, Land, and Donald Marshall Junior. University of Toronto Press.
18th-19th centuries[edit]
Documentary film[edit]
• Our Lives in Our Hands (Míkmaq basketmakers and potato diggers in northern Maine, 1986) [1]
• British Radio Documentary on the Mi'k Maq Community at Millbrook nr Truro Recorded by Terry Mechan June 2012 [2]
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57757 | Micky Mellon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Micky Mellon
Micky Mellon 07-04-12.png
Mellon as Fleetwood Town manager in 2012
Personal information
Full name Michael Joseph Mellon
Date of birth (1972-03-18) 18 March 1972 (age 43)
Place of birth Paisley, Scotland
Height 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m)
Playing position Midfielder
Club information
Current team
Shrewsbury Town (manager)
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
1989–1993 Bristol City 35 (1)
1991–1992 Cork City (loan) 11 (3)
1993–1994 West Bromwich Albion 45 (6)
1994–1997 Blackpool 125 (14)
1997–1999 Tranmere Rovers 57 (3)
1999–2001 Burnley 85 (5)
2001 Tranmere Rovers (loan) 1 (0)
2001–2004 Tranmere Rovers 115 (3)
2004–2005 Kidderminster Harriers 7 (0)
2005 Witton Albion 7 (0)
2005–2006 Lancaster City 2 (0)
Total 490 (35)
Teams managed
2008–2012 Fleetwood Town
2013 Barnsley (caretaker)
2014– Shrewsbury Town
† Appearances (Goals).
Michael Joseph "Micky" Mellon (born 18 March 1972) is a Scottish former professional footballer who is the manager of English club Shrewsbury Town.
Playing career[edit]
Born in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Mellon began his career in 1989 as a 17-year-old with Bristol City gaining promotion to the then First Division, then managed by Joe Jordan. In 1991 he was loaned out for two months to League of Ireland club Cork City, making his League of Ireland debut on 20 October 1991. He made eleven league appearances for Cork, scoring three goals.[citation needed]
He spent four years at Ashton Gate, before joining Midlanders West Bromwich Albion in 1993 for a fee of £75,000. He played 45 league games for West Brom, scoring six goals in their promotion season ending in a play off victory over Port Vale at Wembley . It was his move to Blackpool for a fee of £50,000 in 1994, however, that saw Mellon establish himself as a regular on the team and scoresheet. Under Sam Allardyce's guidance, Mellon made 138 appearances and scored 17 goals in all competitions. He was voted the club's Player of the year in the 1995–96 season as the club just missed out on promotion from Division Two.[1]
The season following Allardyce's sacking in 1997, Mellon moved up a division to join Tranmere Rovers, who were then playing in Division One, for a fee of £300,000. He spent two seasons at Prenton Park, followed by another two with Burnley, whom he joined for £350,000 gaining promotion finishing second to preston north end. He returned to Tranmere Rovers in March 2001 initially on loan, and then on a free transfer. He was released in May 2004.[2]
Mellon joined Kidderminster Harriers in August 2004, signing a two-year contract.[3]
After leaving Harriers,[3] Mellon spent a short spell at Witton Albion in 2005 before joining Lancaster City.
Management and coaching[edit]
Lancaster City and Burnley[edit]
Mellon was appointed as assistant manager of Lancaster City in June 2006.[4] However, on 10 October after an FA Cup defeat to Scarborough he left the club along with four players for financial reasons.[5] He moved to his former club Burnley as a youth team coach,[6] coaching the Under-15 and Under-16 teams.
Fleetwood Town[edit]
Chairman Andy Pilley appointed the Burnley youth team coach and former Blackpool midfielder Micky Mellon as manager on 23 September, succeeding Tony Greenwood.[7] Mellon initially divided his time between coaching the Under-15 and Under-16 teams at Burnley and managing Fleetwood.[6][8] However, on 12 January 2009, his position was made full-time, a first in the history of the club.[9] Mellon led Fleetwood to a successful FA Cup run, reaching the Second Round for the first time in their history. He introduced a number of new faces to the playing staff, and over the course of the season produced a settled team with increasingly improving league results. Fleetwood finished the season in a creditable eighth place, having been bottom of the league when he was appointed.
From the beginning of the 2009–10 season, Fleetwood were seen as serious promotion contenders. By the end of 2009, Southport and Fleetwood had established themselves as the two strongest teams in the league. A 5–0 defeat to Southport on Boxing Day at Haig Avenue appeared to have tipped the balance Southport's,[10] but this was followed by a 4–0 Fleetwood victory in the return fixture at Highbury on New Year's Day.[11]
The demise of Farsley Celtic late in the season led their entire 2009–10 playing record being expunged, thereby costing Fleetwood three points relative to Southport.[12] Fleetwood appealed against the decision but the appeal was rejected the day before the last match of the season, leaving Southport one point ahead. A final day 2–0 victory over Stalybridge Celtic proved ultimately inadequate in securing the championship as Southport defeated Eastwood Town 3–0 away from home to win the championship, and the automatic promotion place, by one point. A two-legged playoff semi-final against Droylsden away was decided on penalties, as a 2–0 defeat, countered by a 3–1 victory at Highbury.[13] Goalkeeper Danny Hurst saved the last penalty to put Fleetwood through 4–3. The final was played against Alfreton Town at Highbury on 9 May, in front of a new record capacity crowd of 3,592.
Fleetwood defeated Alfreton 2–1 in Play-off final.[14] The team's second-place finish and ultimate promotion to the Conference, the fifth tier of English football, secured the highest position in the club's history since the 1997 re-establishment.
In season 2010/2011 Fleetwood finished fifth in the Conference National, losing the Play-Off semi final 8–1 on aggregate to Wimbledon.[15][16]
Fleetwood won the 2011/2012 Conference National attaining 103 points in the process.[17] Fleetwood progressed to the third round of the FA Cup for the first time in their history; beating Wycombe and Yeovil before finally succumbing 5–1 to neighbours Blackpool in front of a sell-out crowd.[18]
Mellon's Fleetwood are progressing well in their first season in the Football League, sitting comfortably in the top half of the table.
Despite a solid start and sitting fourth in the play off positions, 3 defeats in a row including a 2nd Round FA Cup exit to Aldershot saw Mellon sacked on 1 December 2012.[19]
In December 2012 Mellon was asked to assist David Flitcroft who was caretaker manager at Barnsley following the sacking of Keith Hill.[20] In January 2013 Flitcroft was appointed permanent manager with Mellon as his assistant. Mellon helped to keep Barnsley in the Championship by securing a point at Huddersfield on May 4, 2013.[21] On 10 May 2013 he agreed a new deal to stay at Oakwell.[22]
In October 2013 Barnsley turned down two approaches for Mellon from Conference Premier side Forest Green to take over as their Manager. Mellon said “Barnsley had two approaches, but the club turned them down twice because they want to keep me. “So I am happy to stay at Barnsley as long as they want me because the Championship is where I want to be. “(But) I am delighted that there are people who think I can do a job and saw what I achieved at Fleetwood.”[23]
On 19 March 2014 Barnsley sacked Micky Mellon. A club statement read: "Barnsley Football Club has (on Wednesday) terminated the employment of assistant manager Micky Mellon and goalkeeping coach Ian Willcock with immediate effect. "The club would like to place on record its thanks to both Micky and Ian for their service and wish them all the best for the future."[24]
Shrewsbury Town[edit]
Mellon was appointed as the new manager of Shrewsbury Town on 12 May 2014, with former caretaker manager Michael Jackson and Danny Coyne remaining as his assistants following the clubs relegation back to League Two.[25] Inheriting only a handful of players from the previous regime, Mellon made 16 signings over the close season, reuniting with former Fleetwood Town striker Andrew Mangan,[26] and ex-Barnsley players Liam Lawrence[27] and Jordan Clark.[28]
Shrewsbury went unbeaten in their first month of the 2014-15 season, including League Cup upsets over Blackpool[29] and away at Premier League newcomers Leicester City.[30] Despite hitting a difficult run of form in September, they also beat then-Championship leaders Norwich City to set up a fourth round home tie with Chelsea.[31][32]
Despite exiting the 2014-15 FA Cup in the second round, a narrow 1-0 away defeat at Preston North End,[33] Shrewsbury enjoyed a highly consistent season in the league, culminating in winning promotion back to the third tier of English football at the first attempt, following a 1-0 away victory at Cheltenham Town on 25 April 2015.[34]
Managerial statistics[edit]
Statistics account for all competitions.:'[35]
As of 2 May 2015
Team Nat From To Record
G W D L Win %
Fleetwood Town England 27 September 2008 1 December 2012 225 116 58 51 51.56
Barnsley (caretaker) England 30 November 2013 17 December 2013 3 1 1 1 33.33
Shrewsbury Town England 12 May 2014 Present 54 31 9 14 57.41
Total 282 148 68 66 52.48
Personal life[edit]
Mellon has lived in Blackpool since 1994.[8] He is married to Jane.[36]
Energie Shokk Gym Franchisee[edit]
Mellon opened the very first franchised energie Shokk gym aimed at teenagers with his wife Jane in Blackpool in February 2009.[37][38]
The gym later went out of business in October 2009.[39]
Fleetwood Town
Shrewsbury Town
1. ^ "Vote or the 2002–2003 Player of the Year". Blackpool F.C. 17 November 2004. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
2. ^ "Tranmere release quintet". BBC Sport. 7 May 2004. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
3. ^ a b "Mellon set to leave Kidderminster". BBC Sport. 7 December 2004. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
4. ^ "New look for City's new era". Lancaster Guardian. 29 June 2006. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
5. ^ "Mass exodus as Giant Axe falls on Dolly Blues". Lancaster Guardian. 11 October 2006. Retrieved 2008-11-03.
6. ^ a b "Mellon becomes Fleetwood manager". BBC Sport. 24 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-03.
7. ^ "Fleetwood sack manager Greenwood". BBC Sport. 17 September 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
8. ^ a b "Mellon can't wait for Fleetwood challenge". Blackpool Gazette. 24 September 2008. Retrieved 24 September 2008.
9. ^ "Micky Mellon goes full-time". Fleetwood Weekly News. 8 January 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
10. ^ "Southport 5–0 Fleetwood". Qlocal Southport. 26 December 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
11. ^ "Fleetwood 4–0 Southport". Southport Visiter. 1 January 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
12. ^ "Farsley Celtic removed from Blue Square North". BBC Sport. 12 March 2010. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
13. ^ "Droylsden 1–3 Fleetwood". Manchester Evening News. 1 January 2010. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
14. ^ a b "Fleetwood 2–1 Alfreton". BBC Sport. 9 May 2010. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
15. ^ "Fleetwood 0–2 Wimbledon". BBC Sport. 6 May 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
16. ^ "Wimbledon 6–1 Fleetwood". BBC Sport. 11 May 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
17. ^ a b "Fleetwood Town reach Football League for first time". BBC Sport. 14 April 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
18. ^ "Fleetwood 1–5 Blackpool". BBC Sport. 7 January 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
19. ^ "Fleetwood Town sack manager Micky Mellon". BBC Sport. 1 December 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
20. ^ "Keith Hill: Barnsley sack manager after defeat by Blackburn". BBC Sport. 29 December 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
21. ^ "Huddersfield 2–2 Barnsley". BBC Sport. 4 May 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
22. ^ "David Flitcroft extends contract as manager". BBC Sport. 10 May 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
23. ^ "Barnsley turn down two Forest Green approaches for Micky Mellon". Stroud News. 31 October 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
24. ^ "Barnsley sack assistant manager Micky Mellon and coach Ian Willcock". Sky Sports. 19 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
25. ^ "Shrewsbury Town: Micky Mellon is appointed as new manager". BBC Sport. 12 May 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
26. ^ "Andy Mangan: Shrewsbury Town sign Forest Green striker". BBC Sport. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
27. ^ "Liam Lawrence: Shrewsbury Town sign ex-Barnsley and Stoke winger". BBC Sport. 4 July 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
28. ^ "Shrewsbury Town: Andy Robinson & Jordan Clark 'exciting' - Mellon". BBC Sport. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
29. ^ "Shrewsbury Town 1-0 Blackpool". BBC Sport. 12 August 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
30. ^ "Leicester City 0-1 Shrewsbury Town". BBC Sport. 26 August 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
31. ^ "Shrewsbury Town 1-0 Norwich City". BBC Sport. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
32. ^ "League Cup draw: Shrewsbury face Chelsea, Liverpool v Swansea". BBC Sport. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
33. ^ "Preston North End 1-0 Shrewsbury Town". BBC Sport. 6 December 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
34. ^ "Cheltenham Town 0-1 Shrewsbury Town". BBC Sport. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
35. ^ "Micky Mellon". Soccerbase. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
36. ^ http://www.blackpoolgazette.co.uk/blackpoolnews/Disgust-at-closure-of-kid39s.5772111.jp?CommentPage=3&CommentPageLength=10
37. ^ http://www.blackpoolgazette.co.uk/sports-news/Shokk-opening-of-Jane39s-gym.4963451.jp
38. ^ http://www.sportsmanagement.co.uk/detail1.cfm?subject=product&codeID=41943&pagetype=detail&site=SM&dom=N
39. ^ http://www.blackpoolgazette.co.uk/blackpoolnews/Disgust-at-closure-of-kid39s.5772111.jp?CommentPage=2&CommentPageLength=10
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57759 | Microsoft text-to-speech voices
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Microsoft Anna)
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The Microsoft text-to-speech voices are speech synthesizers provided for use with applications that use the Microsoft Speech API (SAPI) or the Microsoft Speech Server Platform. There are client and server versions of Microsoft text-to-speech voices. Client voices are shipped with Windows operating systems; server voices are available for download for use with server applications such as Speech Server, Lync etc. for both Windows client and server platforms.
Microsoft Sam is the default text-to-speech male voice in Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP. It is used by Narrator, the screen reader program built into the operating system.
Microsoft Mike and Microsoft Mary are optional male and female voices respectively, available for download from the Microsoft website. Michael and Michelle are also optional male and female voices licensed by Microsoft from Lernout & Hauspie, and available through Microsoft Office XP and Microsoft Office 2003 or Microsoft Reader.
There are both SAPI 4 and SAPI 5 versions of these text-to-speech voices. SAPI 5 voices are only available on Windows 2000 and later Windows NT-based operating systems. While SAPI 5 versions of Microsoft Mike and Microsoft Mary are downloadable only as a Merge Module,[1] the installable versions may be installed on end users' systems by speech applications such as Microsoft Reader. SAPI 4 redistributable versions are downloadable for Windows 9x, although no longer from the Microsoft website.
Microsoft Sam, Microsoft Mike and Microsoft Mary do not work on Windows Vista and later unless a third-party program (like Speakonia) is installed on the machine that supports these operating systems. Microsoft Sam is the default voice for Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Beginning with Windows Vista and Windows 7, Microsoft Anna is the default English voice. Microsoft Anna is an SAPI 5-only female voice and is designed to sound more natural than Microsoft Sam.[2] Microsoft Streets & Trips 2006 and later install the Microsoft Anna voice on Windows XP systems for the voice-prompt direction feature. There is no male voice shipping with Windows Vista and later. A Chinese voice called Microsoft Lili is available in Chinese versions of Windows Vista and later. It can also be obtained in non-Chinese versions of Windows 7 or Vista if the Ultimate Edition is used.[3] This replaces the earlier male SAPI 5 voice "Microsoft Simplified Chinese". Audio samples of both these voices can be heard on MDBG's site.[4]
The Microsoft text-to-speech voices even caught popular culture via internet by videos of a voice, particularly Microsoft Sam reading error messages. They were either funny or out of the ordinary from a particular error message.
In 2010, Microsoft also released the newer Speech Platform compatible voices for Speech Recognition and Text-to-Speech for use with client and server applications. These voices are available in 26 languages.[5] and can be installed on Windows client and server operating systems. Speech Platform voices unlike SAPI 5 voices, are female-only, no male voices are released publicly yet.
In Windows 8, there are three new client (desktop) voices - Microsoft David (US male) and Hazel (UK female) and Zira (US female) which sound more natural than Microsoft Anna. Microsoft Anna is no longer included. The server versions of these voices are available via above mentioned Speech Platform for operating systems earlier than Windows 8. Unlike Windows 7 or Vista, you are unable to use any third-party program because there is no Anna Voice API for download. In Windows 8 language packs include more voices and also that 8.1 includes even more language pack voices. In Spanish versions of Windows 8.0, Microsoft Helena is the default Text-to-speech voice and only selectable voice, unless upgrading to 8.1 then you have Microsoft Sabina. Installing the UK edition of WIndows 8.1 does not include Microsoft David but adds Microsoft Heera. In Windows French 8 and 8.1 Microsoft Hortense is included. In Windows German 8 and 8.1 Microsoft Hedda is included. In WIndows Japanese Microsoft Haruka is included. In Windows Korean 8 and 8.1 Microsoft Heami is included. In Windows Chinese Simplified Microsoft Hanhan and Microsoft Huihui are included. In Windows Chinese Traditional only for 8.1 Microsoft Tracy is included. In Windows Italian 8.1 Microsoft Elsa is included. In Windows Polish 8.1 only Microsoft Paulina is included. In Windows Portuguese 8.1 only Microsoft Maria is included. And finally in Windows Russian 8.1 only Microsoft Irina is included. These are all voices available for download on language packs, excluding in Windows 8.0 in which the Polish, Chinese traditional, Portuguese, Italian, English, Indian, Russian and Spanish Mexico voices can not be installed.
In Windows 10 Technical Preview, Microsoft Hazel was removed from the US English Language Pack and the Microsoft voices for Mobile (Phone/tablet) are available (Microsoft Mark and Microsoft Zira).
See also[edit]
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57760 | Norwegian language conflict
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The Norwegian language conflict (målstriden, språkstriden or sprogstriden) is an ongoing controversy within Norwegian culture and politics related to spoken and written versions of the Norwegian language. From the 16th to the 19th centuries, Danish was the standard written language of Norway due to Danish rule. As a result, the development of modern written Norwegian has been subject to controversy related to nationalism, rural versus urban, Norway's literary history, dialect versus standard language, spelling reform, and orthography.
In the United Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway (1536–1814), the official language was Danish. The urban Norwegian upper class spoke Dano-Norwegian, a form of Danish with Norwegian pronunciation and other minor local differences. After the two countries separated in 1814, Dano-Norwegian remained the official language of Norway and evolved gradually to incorporate Norwegian forms. In the early 20th century, a more activist approach to written Norwegian was adopted in public policy, leading to reforms to reflect Norwegian urban and rural vernacular. Initially, the Norwegian successor to Dano-Norwegian was known as riksmål, but since 1929, this official written standard has been known as Bokmål. Later attempts to bring it closer to and eventually merge it with the other Norwegian written standard, Nynorsk, constructed on the basis of Norwegian dialects, have failed due to widespread resistance.
The Norwegian language is a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language. As established by law and governmental policy, there are two official forms of written Norwegian—Bokmål (literally "book language") and Nynorsk (literally "new Norwegian"). There is no officially sanctioned spoken standard of Norwegian, but according to some, there is a de facto spoken standard of Bokmål which they call Standard Østnorsk (Standard East Norwegian). Historically, Bokmål is a Norwegianized variety of Danish, while Nynorsk is a language form based on Norwegian dialects and puristic opposition to Danish.
The now abandoned official policy to merge Bokmål and Nynorsk into one common language called Samnorsk through a series of spelling reforms has created a wide spectrum of varieties of both Bokmål and Nynorsk. The unofficial form known as Riksmål is considered more conservative than Bokmål, and the unofficial Høgnorsk is not affected by the Samnorsk policy, unlike Nynorsk. Norwegians are educated in both their own language form (hovedmål/hovudmål) and their secondary language form (sidemål); with the primary focus being on their own language form. Danish and Norwegian Bokmål are very similar languages. Most speakers of the three Scandinavian languages (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish) can read each other's languages without great difficulty. The primary obstacles to mutual comprehension are differences in pronunciation. Spoken dialects vary throughout Scandinavia, but are broadly mutually intelligible throughout all three countries, including across national borders.
Danish text[2]
I 1877 forlod Brandes København og bosatte sig i Berlin. Hans politiske synspunkter gjorde dog, at Preussen blev ubehagelig for ham at opholde sig i, og han vendte i 1883 tilbage til København, hvor han blev mødt af en helt ny gruppe af forfattere og tænkere, der var ivrige efter at modtage ham som deres leder. Det vigtigste af hans senere arbejder har været hans værk om William Shakespeare, der blev oversat til engelsk af William Archer og med det samme blev anerkendt.
Norwegian (Bokmål)[3]
I 1877 forlot Brandes København og bosatte seg i Berlin. Hans politiske synspunkter gjorde imidlertid at det ble ubehagelig for ham å oppholde seg i Preussen, og i 1883 vendte han tilbake til København, der han ble møtt av en helt ny gruppe forfattere og tenkere, som var ivrige etter å motta ham som sin leder. Det viktigste av hans senere arbeider er hans verk om William Shakespeare, som ble oversatt til engelsk av William Archer, og som straks ble anerkjent.
Norwegian (Nynorsk)
I 1877 forlét Brandes København og busette seg i Berlin. Dei politiske synspunkta hans gjorde det utriveleg for han å opphalda seg i Preussen, og han vende attende til København i 1883. Der vart han møtt av ei heilt ny gruppe forfattarar og tenkjarar, som var ivrige etter å ha han som leiar. Det viktigaste av dei seinare arbeida hans er verket hans om William Shakespeare, som vart omsett til engelsk av William Archer, og som straks vart anerkjend.
English translation
In 1877 Brandes left Copenhagen and took up residence in Berlin. However, his political views made Prussia an uncomfortable place in which to live, and in 1883 he returned to Copenhagen. There he was met by a completely new group of writers and thinkers, who were eager to accept him as their leader. The most important of Brandes' later works is his writing on Shakespeare, which was translated to English by William Archer and received recognition immediately.
1. ^ Excerpts from the articles about Danish critic Georg Brandes from the Danish Wikipedia, version from May 19, 2006, 09:36 and Norwegian (bokmål) Wikipedia, version from April 4, 2006, 01:38.
The earliest examples of non-Danish, Norwegian writing are from the 12th century, with Konungs skuggsjá being the prime example. The language in use at this time is known as Old Norse, and was widely used in writing in Norway and Iceland. The languages of Sweden and Denmark at this time were not very different from that of Norway, and are often also called Old Norse. Although some regional variations are apparent in written documents from this time, it is hard to know precisely the divisions between spoken dialects. This interim Norwegian is known as middle Norwegian (mellomnorsk).
With the Black Death in 1349, Norway's economy and political independence collapsed, and the country came under Danish rule. The Norwegian language also underwent rather significant changes, shedding complex grammatical forms and adopting a new vocabulary.
The Norwegian written language at this time gradually fell into disuse and was eventually abandoned altogether in favor of written Danish, the culminating event being the translation in 1604 of Magnus the Lawmender's code into Danish. The last example found of an original Middle Norwegian document is from 1583.
Norwegian dialects, however, lived on and evolved within the general population as vernacular speech, even as the educated classes gradually adopted a Dano-Norwegian koiné in speech. Paradoxically, the Norwegian-born writer Ludvig Holberg became one of the leading exponents of standard written Danish, even as he retained a few distinctly Norwegian forms in his own writing.
In fact, Norwegian writers—even those who were purists of the Danish language—never fully relinquished their native vocabulary and usage in their writing. Examples include Petter Dass, Johan Nordahl Brun, Jens Zetlitz, and Christian Tullin. Although Danish was the official language of the realm, Norwegian writers experienced a disparity between the languages they spoke and wrote.
In 1814, Norway separated from Denmark and adopted its own constitution. It was forced into a new, but weaker, union with Sweden, and the situation evolved into what follows:
• The written language was Danish, although the ruling class regarded it as Norwegian, which was important in order to mark Norway's independence from Sweden.
• The ruling class spoke Dano-Norwegian. They regarded it as the cultivated Norwegian language, as opposed to the common language of workers, craftspeople, and farmers.
• The rest of the population spoke Norwegian dialects. These were generally considered vulgar speech or a weak attempt at speaking 'standard' Norwegian, ignoring or not recognising the fact that they represented a separate evolution from a common ancestor, Old Norse.
Early 19th century beginnings[edit]
The dissolution of Denmark–Norway occurred in the era of the emerging European nation states. In accordance with the principles of romantic nationalism, legitimacy was given to the young and still-forming nation of Norway by way of its history and culture, including the Norwegian language. Norwegian writers gradually adopted distinctly Norwegian vocabulary in their work. Henrik Wergeland may have been the first to do so; but it was the collected folk tales by Jørgen Moe and Peter Christen Asbjørnsen that created a distinct Norwegian written style. This created some opposition from the conservatives, most notably from the poet Johan Sebastian Welhaven. The influential playwright Henrik Ibsen was inspired by the nationalistic movement, but in his later writings he wrote mostly in standard Danish, probably out of concern for his Danish audience.
By 1866, the Dane Andreas Listov found it necessary to publish a book of about 3,000 terms that needed translation from Norwegian to Danish. Though most of these terms were probably taken straight from Aasmund Olavsson Vinje’s travel accounts, the publication reflected a widespread recognition that much written Norwegian no longer was pure Danish.
Initial reforms and advocacy[edit]
By the mid-18th century, two Norwegian linguistic pioneers had started the work that would influence the linguistic situation to this day. Ivar Aasen, autodidact, polyglot, and the founder of modern Norwegian linguistics, started studying first his own dialect from Sunnmøre[clarification needed], and then the structure of Norwegian dialects in general. He was one of the first to describe the evolution from Old Norse to Modern Norwegian. From this he moved to advocate and design a distinctly Norwegian written language he termed landsmål. His work was based on two important principles, in morphology he chose forms which he regarded as common denominators from which contemporary varieties could be inferred, in lexicography he applied puristic principles and excluded words of Danish or Middle Low German descent when at least some dialects had preserved synonyms inherited from Old Norse. In 1885, landsmål was adopted as an official written language alongside the Norwegian version of Danish.
Knud Knudsen, a teacher, worked instead to adapt the orthography more closely to the spoken Dano-Norwegian koiné known as "cultivated daily speech" (dannet dagligtale). He argued that the cultivated daily speech was the best basis for a distinct Norwegian written language, because the educated classes did not belong to any specific region, they were numerous, and possessed cultural influence. Knudsen was also influenced by and a proponent of the common Dano-Norwegian movement for phonemic orthography. The written form of Norwegian based on his work eventually became known as riksmål, a term introduced by Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson in 1899.
As a result of Knudsen's work, the Parliament of Norway passed the first orthographical reforms in 1862, most of which also had its proponents in Denmark. Though modest in comparison to subsequent reforms, it nevertheless marked a legislative step toward a distinct written standard for Norway. Silent e's were eliminated from written Norwegian (faa rather than faae), double vowels were no longer used to denote long vowels, k replaced the use of c, q, and ch in most words, and ph was eliminated in favor of f.
Such orthographic reforms continued in subsequent years, but in 1892 the Norwegian department of education approved the first set of optional forms in the publication of Nordahl Rolfsens Reader for the Primary School (Læsebog for Folkeskolen). Also, in 1892, national legislation let each local school board the right to decide whether to teach its children in riksmål or landsmål.
In 1907, linguistic reforms were extended to include not just orthography but also grammar. The characteristic Norwegian "hard" consonants (p, t, k) replaced Danish "soft" consonants (b, d, g) in writing; consonants were doubled to denote short vowels; words that in Norwegian were monosyllabic were spelled that way; and conjugations related to neutrum were adapted to common Norwegian usage in cultivated daily speech.
In 1913 Olaf Bull's crime novel Mit navn er Knoph (My name is Knoph) became the first piece of Norwegian literature to be translated from Riksmål into Danish for Danish readers, thereby underlining the fact that Riksmål was by now a separate language.
Controversy erupts[edit]
In 1906, prominent writers of landsmål formed an association to promote their version of written Norwegian, calling themselves Noregs Mållag; a year later, the corresponding organization to promote riksmål was founded, naming itself Riksmålsforbundet. The formation of these organizations coincided with the rule that all incoming university students - those who passed examen artium - had to demonstrate mastery of both for admission to university programs. They had to write a second additional essay in the Norwegian language that was not their primary language.
In 1911, the writer Gabriel Scott's comedic play Tower of Babel had its premiere in Oslo. It is about a small town in eastern Norway that is overtaken by proponents of landsmål who take to executing all those who resist their language. The play culminates in the landsmål proponents killing each other over what to call their country: Noregr, Thule, Ultima, Ny-Norig, or Nyrig. The last line is spoken by a country peasant who, seeing the carnage, says: "Good thing I didn't take part in this!"
There was at least one brawl in the audience during the play's run, and the stage was set for a linguistic schism that would characterize Norwegian politics to this day.
To confuse matters further, Eivind Berggrav, Halvdan Koht, and Didrik Arup Seip formed a third organization called Østlandsk reisning that sought to increase the representation, as it were, of Eastern Norwegian dialects in landsmål, since they felt Aasen's language as overly influenced by the dialects of Western Norway.
1917 reforms and their aftermath[edit]
In 1917, the Norwegian parliament passed the first major standard for both Norwegian languages. The standard for riksmål was for the most part a continuation of the 1907 reforms and added some optional forms that were closer to Norwegian dialects, but those for landsmål sought to reduce forms that were considered idiosyncratic for Western Norway.
As it turned out, the reforms within riksmål themselves caused controversy - between those who held that the written language should closely approximate the formal language of the educated elite on the one hand, and those who held that it should reflect the quotidian language of commoners on the other. A distinction was made between "conservative" and "radical" riksmål. This added a further political dimension to the debate that opened for a possible convergence between more liberal forms of landsmål and radical forms of riksmål. This was to form the basis for the notion of samnorsk, a synthesis - yet to be realized - of the two main streams of written Norwegian.
By 1921, school districts had made their choice in the growing controversy: 2,000 taught landsmål as the primary written language; 2,550 the radical form of riksmål, and 1,450 conservative riksmål. In 1920, national authorities decided that the issue of language should be put to voters in local referendums, which brought the dispute to a local level where it was no less contentious. In Eidsvoll, for example, a local banker (Gudbrand Bræk, the father of Ola Skjåk Bræk) was threatened with being run out of town over his support for samnorsk.
New place-names[edit]
Already in the late 19th century, place-names in Norway started changing, ideally to reflect what they were called by their residents. In 1917, 188 municipalities were renamed; all counties were given new names in 1918; and several of the largest cities were renamed in the 1920s; notably Kristiania became Oslo, Fredrikshald became Halden, for example. Some of these changes were less popular. For example, some residents of Sandviken were none too pleased about the "radical" change to Sandvika, nor were many in nearby Fornebo willing to accept Fornebu. The greatest controversy erupted over the city of Trondheim, which had until then been known as Trondhjem, but in the Viking era had been called Nidaros. After the authorities had decided - without consulting the population - that the city should be renamed Nidaros, a compromise was eventually reached, with Trondheim.
The Grimstad case and the spoken language in schools[edit]
In 1911, the Kristiansund school board circulated among its teachers a document that required that their oral instruction had to be in the same language as the district's written language, in this case riksmål. A teacher, Knut Grimstad, refused to accept this on the grounds that neither the school district nor the Norwegian national authorities had the right to impose a version of a spoken language as instruction. He found support in the 1878 resolution that required that all students - "as much as possible" - should receive instruction in a language close to their native tongue. This was subsequently clarified to mean that they were supposed to be taught in "the Norwegian language," a phrase also open to interpretation.
Grimstad was forced to apologize for the form of his protest, but the issue nevertheless came up in parliament in 1912. This became one of the first political challenges for the new Konow cabinet, falling under the auspices of Edvard Appoloniussen Liljedahl, the minister of churches and education. Liljedahl was a respected and dyed-in-the-wool member of the landsmål camp, having actually addressed the parliament in his native dialect from Sogn. For his rebuke of Grimstad's position, he was vilified by his own.[clarification needed] Trying to find a compromise, his department confirmed the principle of teaching in the "local common spoken language" while also requires that they be "taught in the language decided for their written work." This now attracted the ire of the riksmål camp.
Parliament and the department hoped that this clarification would put the issue to rest; but in 1923, the school board in Bergen decided that the spoken language in all its schools would be riksmål. Olav Andreas Eftestøl, the school director for this region - there were seven such appointees for the entire country of Norway - took this decision to the department in 1924, and another parliamentary debate ensued. Eftestøl's view was endorsed, and this put an end to the discussion about spoken language in schools; although it took longer before native speakers of Sami and Kven got the same rights; and the issue has re-emerged recently with respect to immigrant children's native language.
The Labour Party and the reforms of 1938[edit]
Municipal adoption of languages
The ascent of the Norwegian Labour Party turned out to be decisive in passing the 1917 reforms, and one Labour politician - the illustrious Halvdan Koht - was in the early 1920s asked to develop the party's political platform for the Norwegian language.
Koht was for some years both the chairman of Noregs mållag and Østlandsk reisning and immersed on the issue of language. He published his findings in 1921, and framed them in a decidedly political context.
His view, which was to gain currency among his fellow Labourites, was that the urban working class and rural farming class had a convergence of interests in language, giving rise to the emergent "people's language" (folkemålet). He wrote that "The struggle for the people's language is the cultural side of the labor movement." This notion of convergence led the Labour Party to embrace the ideal of a synthesis of the two main languages into one language, built on the spoken forms of the "common person", or samnorsk.
Having already changed the names of the languages: riksmål became bokmål and landsmål nynorsk by parliamentary resolution of 1929, the Labour party made Koht their thought leaders and spokesperson on these issues, formalizing his views into their platform.
The 1938 reforms, proposed under the first durable Labour cabinet of Johan Nygaardsvold, represented a radical departure from previous reforms.
• Bokmål
• The forms common in cultivated daily speech (dannet dagligtale) lost their normative status in bokmål and instead became one of several factors.
• A new distinction was made: between primary and secondary forms, in which preference would be given to primary forms, which usually were more "radical"
• Some forms found in conservative riksmål/bokmål were outright rejected. For examples, diphthong spelling became mandatory; and a number of feminine words had to be declined with an -a rather than -en.
• Nynorsk
• Preference was given to "broad" rather than "narrow" root vowels, e.g., "mellom" rather than "millom"
• The -i suffix was set aside for the -a suffix in most cases, removing a form many found idiosyncratic to Western Norway
The reforms clearly aspired to bring the two languages closer together and predictably angered advocates in each camp. In particular, the proponents of riksmål felt the reforms were a frontal assault on their written language and sensibilities, since many elements of their previous norm - dannet dagligtale - were deprecated. But also purists in the landsmål camp were unhappy, feeling that the reforms gutted their language.
World War II[edit]
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany from 1940 to 1945 took the language issue off the national political scene. The Quisling government rescinded the 1938 reforms and made some changes on its own, but as with virtually everything Quisling did, this was rendered null and void by the post-war Norwegian government.
Liberation, and the debate intensifies[edit]
As it turned out, the war set the nynorsk movement back substantially. The momentum gained by the Labour party's activism for nynorsk was lost during the war, and Noreg mållag's entire archive was lost in 1944. An opinion poll in 1946 showed that 79% of all Norwegians favored the formation of samnorsk,[1] setting further back the cause of the purists who favored the traditional landsmål forms.
On the other side of the issue, the poet Arnulf Øverland galvanized Riksmålsforbundet in opposition not to nynorsk, which he respected, but against the radical bokmål recommended by the 1938 reforms. Their efforts were particularly noted in Oslo, where the school board had decided to make radical forms of bokmål the norm in 1939 ("Oslo-vedtaket"). In 1951, concerned parents primarily from the affluent western neighborhoods of Oslo organized the "parents' campaign against samnorsk" (foreldreaksjonen mot samnorsk), which in 1953 included "correcting" textbooks.
In 1952, Øverland and Riksmålsforbundet published the so-called "blue list" that recommended more conservative orthography and forms than most of the 1938 reforms. This book established for the first time a real alternative standard in riksmål to legislated bokmål. It set the standard for two of the capital's main daily newspapers, Aftenposten and Morgenbladet. It also contributed to the reversal of the "Oslo decision" in 1954.
In 1951, the Norwegian parliament established by law Norsk språknemnd, which later was renamed Norsk språkråd (Norwegian Language Council). Riksmålsforeningen disagreed with the premises of the council's mandate, namely that Norwegian was to be built on the basis of the "people's language." The council was convened with 30 representatives, 15 from each of the main languages. However, most of them supported samnorsk.
In 1952, a minor reform passed with little fanfare and controversy: in spoken official Norwegian, numbers over 20 were to be articulated with the tens first, e.g., "twenty-one" as is the Swedish and English practice rather than "one-and-twenty," the previous practice also found in Danish and German.
The apex of the controversy and the 1959 textbook reform[edit]
Arnulf Øverland, who had so successfully energized the riksmål movement after the war, did not see nynorsk as the nemesis of his cause. Rather, he appealed to the nynorsk movement to join forces against the common enemy he found in samnorsk. By several accounts, however, much of the activism within the riksmål camp was directed against all "radical" tendencies, including nynorsk.
The use of bokmål and nynorsk in the government-controlled Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) came under a particular scrutiny. As a government agency (and monopoly) that has traditionally been strongly associated with the Nynorsk-supporting Norwegian Labour Party, NRK was required to include both languages in its broadcasts. According to their own measurements, well over 80% was in bokmål and less than 20% nynorsk. Still, the riksmål advocates were outraged, since they noted that some of the most popular programs (such as the 7 pm news) were broadcast in nynorsk, and the bokmål was too radical in following the 1938 norms.
This came to a head in the case of Sigurd Smebye, a meteorologist who insisted on using highly conservative riksmål terms in reporting the weather. This ended up on the parliamentary floor, where the minister had to assure the public that anyone was entitled to use his/her own dialect on the air. However, Smebye was effectively disallowed from performing on television and ended up suing and prevailing over NRK in a supreme court case.
At the same time, one of the announcers for children's radio shows complained that her texts had been corrected from riksmål to 1938-bokmål, e.g., from Dukken lå i sengen sin på gulvet to Dokka lå i senga si på golvet. With the 1959 reforms, the issue seems to have been resolved - everyone in NRK could use their own natural spoken language.
As its first major work, the language council published in 1959 new standards for textbooks. The purpose of a unified standard was to avoid multiple versions of standard books to accommodate "moderate," "radical," and "conservative" versions of the languages. The standard was by its nature a continuation of the convergence movement toward the ever-elusive goal of samnorsk. Double consonants to denote short vowels are put in common use; the silent "h" is eliminated in a number of words; more "radical" forms in bokmål are made primary; while nynorsk actually offers more choices.
However, it appeared that the 1959 attempt was the last gasp of the samnorsk movement. After this, the Norwegian Labour Party decided to depoliticize language issues by commissioning expert panels on linguistic issues.
"Language peace"[edit]
Map of the official language forms of Norwegian municipalities as of 2007.
In January 1964, a committee was convened by Helge Sivertsen, minister of education, with Professor Hans Vogt as its chair. It was variously known as the "Vogt committee" or "language peace committee" (språkfredskomitéen). Its purpose was to defuse the conflict about language in Norway and build an atmosphere of mutual respect.
The committee published its findings in 1966, pointing out that:
• Nynorsk was in decline in the nation's school districts, now tracking toward 20% of all primary school students
• The written language was in any event increasing its influence over the Norwegian language, as the differences between dialects was gradually eroding
• Even with the disputes over the matter, there was no question that nynorsk and bokmål had come closer to each other in the last 50 years
• The literary forms in Norwegian literature (i.e., riksmål used by prominent writers) should not be neglected or disowned
These findings were subject to hearings and discussions in coming years in a decidedly more deliberate form than before; and a significant outcome was the Norsk språknemnd became Norsk språkråd, responsible less for prescribing language than for cultivating it. Still, the Vogt committee promoted convergence as a virtue.
Nynorsk finds new favour in the 1960s and 1970s[edit]
The Norwegian countercultural movement and the emergence of the New Left sought to disassociate itself from the conservative establishment in many ways, including language. At the universities, students were encouraged to "speak their dialect, write nynorsk," and radical forms of bokmål were adopted by urban left wing socialists.
The first debate about Norwegian EU membership leading to the 1972 referendum gave new meaning to rural culture and dialects. The nynorsk movement gained new momentum, putting rural districts and the dialects more in the center of Norwegian politics.
In 1973, Norsk språkråd instructed teachers to no longer correct students who used conservative riksmål in their writing, provided these forms were used consistently.
The end of Samnorsk[edit]
The 1973 recommendation by the council was formally approved by parliament in 1981 in what was known as the "liberalization resolution" (liberaliseringsvedtaket). With the exception of a few "banner words" (riksmål nu rather than bokmål ("now"), efter rather than etter ("after"), sne rather than snø ("snow"), and ironically sprog rather than språk ("language")), traditional riksmål forms were fully accepted in contemporary bokmål, though all the radical forms were retained.
On 13 December 2002 the samnorsk ideal was finally officially abandoned when the Ministry of Culture and Church affairs sent out a press release to that effect. The primary motivation for this change in policy was the emerging recognition that government policy should not prohibit forms that are in active use and had a strong basis in the body of Norwegian literary work.
This was further formalized in the so-called "2005-reforms" that primarily affected orthography for bokmål. So-called "secondary forms" (sideformer) were abolished. These forms were variant spellings that would be tolerated by the general public, but disallowed among text book authors and public officials. The 2005 changes now made all allowable forms equal standing. These changes effectively recognize approximately full usage of riksmål forms.[2]
Urban/rural divide[edit]
In modern Norway, many of the largest urban centres' municipal governments have chosen to declare themselves neutral. However, it can be seen that several large centres have formally adopted the use of Bokmål, and very few larger urban centres use Nynorsk exclusively:
Largest Urban Centres (Neutral) Population (2009)
Oslo 876,391
Bergen 227,752
Trondheim 160,072
Drammen 96,562
Skien/Porsgrunn 86,923
Tromsø 55,057
Ålesund 46,471
Moss 41,725
Bodø 36,482
Hamar 30,015
Largest Urban Centres (Bokmål) Population (2009)
Stavanger/Sandnes 189,828
Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg 101,698
Kristiansand 67,547
Tønsberg 47,465
Haugesund 42,850
Sandefjord 40,817
Arendal 32,439
Larvik 23,899
Halden 22,986
Lillehammer 20,097
Largest Urban Centres (Nynorsk) Population (2009)
Leirvik 11,424
Bryne 9,627
Knarrevik/Straume 9,409
Førde 9,248
Osøyro 8,772
Florø 8,448
Kleppe/Verdalen 7,348
Ørsta 6,495
Kvernaland 6,098
Vossevangen 5,860
Future evolution of Norwegian[edit]
The Samnorsk issue turned out to be fateful for two generations of amateur and professional linguists in Norway and flared up into a divisive political issue from time to time. By letting Bokmål be Bokmål (or Riksmål) and Nynorsk Nynorsk, the Norwegian government allowed each - in principle - to develop on its own.
As Norwegian society has integrated more with the global economy and European cosmopolitanism, the effect on both written and spoken Norwegian is evident. There is a greater prevalence of English loan words (låneord) in Norwegian, and some view this with great concern.
In 2004, the Norwegian Language Council issued Norwegian orthography for 25 originally English words, suggesting that for example "bacon" be spelled beiken. This was in keeping with previous practices that made stasjon the Norwegian writing for "station," etc., but the so-called "beiken reforms" fell on hard ground, and beiken was one of the spelling changes that was voted down.[3]
There is also a trend, which has been ongoing since the dissolution of the Dano-Norwegian Union in 1814, to assimilate individual Swedish loan words into Norwegian. Although it lost momentum substantially after the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905 it has remained an ongoing phenomenon of Norwegian linguistics. Indeed, the prominent Norwegian linguist Finn-Erik Vinje characterizes this influx since the Second World War as a breaking wave.[4]
There is further a concern in some quarters that poor grammar and usage is becoming more commonplace in the written press and broadcast media, and consequently among students and the general population. While the sociolinguistic view that language constantly evolves is duly noted among these critics, there is some call for more vigilance in written language. Broadcast programs such as Typisk Norsk and Språkteigen are intended to raise the general awareness of the Norwegian language; the "language director" Sylfest Lomheim is working to make language issues more visible.[5]
See also[edit]
1. ^ Hans-Christian Holm. "1946: 79 prosent for samnorsk –". Retrieved 2010-05-30.
2. ^ Tor Guttu (2005-10-25). "Rettskrivningsendringene i 2005". Språknytt (in Norwegian). Språkrådet. Retrieved 2008-01-22. [dead link]
3. ^ Språkrådet Beiken-feiden 2004
4. ^ «Der lå vi et folk bag, et andet berømmeligt rige» Om svesismer i unionstiden 1814–1905 by Finn-Erik Vinje of the Norwegian Language Council. Page visited December 19, 2007
5. ^ Haugan, Jens Politikk og grammatikk Hamar Arbeiderblad 30.06.2008, s. 4. [1]
Sources, bibliography and external links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57762 | Parayi petta panthirukulam
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Parayi Petta Panthirukulam, is a Malayalam language phrase which translates as "twelve kulams born of a Pariah Woman". This phrase is a well recognized as the title of an important legend of ancient Kerala, a southern state in India. The 'Kulams' refer to vocation based hierarchical ethnic groups. Vayillakunnilappan is still revered as a deity in Vaayillakkunillappan temple in the Palghat district of Kerala. The other eleven babies were found and adopted by people of different Kulams and they grew up learning the trade / skill of that Kulam. They all grew up to be the best in their respective fields, well respected and even the kings from far away lands sought their counsel. Their lives' many stories provide great insight and often provide interesting perspectives into lives based on wholesome values.
The key learning from this legend is that all Kulams of ancient Kerala have common ancestry and that regardless of your birth, life's skills and value systems are honed through one's upbringing. Here are the names of individuals who comprise the Panthirukulam: Mezhathol Agnihothri, Pakkanar, Perumthachan, Rajakan, Vallon,[1] Vaduthala Nair, Uppukoottan, Akavoor Chathan, Karakkal Amma, Pananaar, Naranath Bhranthan and Vayillakunnilappan.
Malayalam sloka[edit]
The following verses in Malyalam of anonymous authorship and of uncertain date describes the names of the twelve children of Vararuchi who comprise the progenitors of the twelve clans of the legend of Panthirukulam.[2]
മേളത്തോളഗ്നിഹോത്രീ രജകനുളിയനൂര് -
ത്തച്ചനും പിന്നെ വള്ളോന്
വായില്ലാക്കുന്നിലപ്പന് വടുതല മരുവും
നായര് കാരയ്ക്കല് മാതാ
ചെമ്മേ കേളുപ്പുകൂറ്റന് പെരിയ തിരുവര-
ങ്ങത്തെഴും പാണനാരും
നേരേ നാരായണഭ്രാന്തനുമുടനകവൂര്-
ച്ചാത്തനും പാക്കനാരും
1. ^
2. ^ Kottarathil Sankunni (1990). Eithihyamaala (in Malayalam). Kottayam: Kottarathil Sankunni Memorial Committee. p. 44.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57764 | Peter Vail
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Peter R. Vail (born January 13, 1930)[1] is an American geologist and geophysicist, the namesake of the Vail curve of sea level changes. Vail earned his AB at Dartmouth College in 1952, followed by M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Northwestern University in 1956.[2]
Vail is notorious for being the first to realize that seismic reflections do not follow lithofacies boundaries but instead follow geologic time lines. This concept gave rise to the field of seismic stratigraphy.[3]
In 2005 he earned the Benjamin Franklin Medal for his pioneering works in sequence stratigraphy. His other honors include the Legendary Geoscientist Award from the American Geological Institute, the Penrose Medal from the Geological Society of America in 2003, the Sidney Powers Memorial Award,[4] and the Distinguished Educator Award from the American Association of Petroleum Geologists.[5]
1. ^ Gates, Alexander E. (1 January 2009). A to Z of Earth Scientists. Infobase Publishing. pp. 271–2. ISBN 978-1-4381-0919-0. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
2. ^ Peter Vail home page
3. ^ Vail, Peter; Rick, Sarg (1987). Introduction to Seismic Stratigraphy. Tulsa: AAPG Films.
4. ^ "Sidney Powers Memorial Award". American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Retrieved 2012-05-16.
5. ^ 2005 Recipients of the Benjamin Franklin Medal in Earth and Environment Science
4. video interview to Peter Vail |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57765 | Hard copy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Printout)
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For the television series, see Hard Copy.
"Printout" redirects here. For the British computing magazine, see Printout (magazine).
In information handling, a hard copy is a permanent reproduction, or copy, in the form of a physical object, of any media suitable for direct use by a person (in particular paper), of displayed or transmitted data. Examples of hard copy include teleprinter pages, continuous printed tapes, computer printouts, and radio photo prints.[1]
Hard Copy Records, such as printed forms, tab cards, and OCR forms, are best designed using a record layout.[citation needed]
Magnetic tapes, diskettes, and non-printed punched paper tapes are not hard copies.[1]
The term "hard copy" predates the age of the digital computer. In the process of producing printed books and newspapers, hard copy refers to a manuscript or typewritten document that has been edited and proofread, and is ready for typesetting, or being read on-air in a radio or television broadcast. This traditional meaning has been all but forgotten in the wake of the information revolution.[2]
"Dead-tree edition"[edit]
Dead-tree edition refers to a printed paper version of a written work, as opposed to digital alternatives such as a web page. It is a dysphemism for hard copy. Variations include dead-tree format and dead-tree-ware. "Dead-tree" refers to trees being cut down for raw material for producing paper. Newspapers are, sometimes pejoratively, referred to as the dead-tree-press. The Guardian website on 29 November 2006 wrote:
A related saying among computer fans is "You can't grep dead trees",[4] from the Unix command grep meaning to search the contents of text files. This means that an advantage of keeping documents in digital form rather than on paper is that they can be more easily searched for specific contents. An exception are texts stored as digital images (digital facsimile), as they cannot be easily searched, except by sophisticated means such as optical character recognition or examining the image metadata. On the other hand, paper copies have tremendous data integrity in proper conditions.
See also[edit]
1. ^ a b Hard copy as defined in Federal Standard 1037C.
2. ^ hard copy as defined by Merriam-Webster Online.
3. ^ Kiss, Jemima (28 November 2006). "A cross-platform victory for Jeff Randall". Guardian.
4. ^ Jargon File, article "Documentation"
External links[edit]
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57766 | R. C. Gorman
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R. C. Gorman
Born Rudolph Carl Gorman
(1931-07-26)July 26, 1931
Chinle, Arizona near Canyon de Chelly, Navajo Nation
Died November 3, 2005(2005-11-03) (aged 74)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Nationality Navajo Nation
United States
Education Arizona State College (now Northern Arizona University);
Mexico City College (now Fundación Universidad de las Américas, Puebla)
Known for Artist
Oil painter
Natoma, patinated bronze sculpture of a Navajo dancer by R. C. Gorman, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
Rudolph Carl Gorman (July 26, 1931 – November 3, 2005) was a Native American artist of the Navajo Nation.[1] Referred to as "the Picasso of American Indian art" by the New York Times, his paintings are primarily of Native American women and characterized by fluid forms and vibrant colors, though he also worked in sculpture, ceramics, and stone lithography. He was also an avid lover of cuisine, authoring four cookbooks, (with accompanying drawings) called Nudes and Food.[2]
Gorman grew up in a traditional Navajo hogan and began drawing at age 3.[3] His grandmother helped raise him, recounting Navajo legends and enumerating his genealogy of artist ancestors. She kindled his desire to become an artist. While tending sheep in Canyon de Chelly with his aunts, he used to draw on the rocks, sand, and mud, and made sculptures with the clay, with his earliest subjects including Mickey Mouse and Shirley Temple.
He credited a teacher, Jenny Lind at Ganado Presbyterian Mission School, for his inspiration to become a full-time artist.[3] After he left high school, he served in the Navy before entering college, where he majored in literature and minored in art at Northern Arizona University.
Notable achievements[edit]
In 1958, he received the first scholarship from the Navajo Tribal Council to study outside of the United States, and enrolled in the art program at Mexico City College.[4] There he learned of and was influenced by the work Diego Rivera. He later studied art at San Francisco State University, where he also worked as a model.
Gorman moved from California to New Mexico, opening the R. C. Gorman Navajo Gallery in Taos in 1968. It was the first Native American-owned art gallery in Taos.[citation needed]
In 1973, he was the only living artist whose work was shown in the “Masterworks of the American Indian" show held at Metropolitan Museum in New York. One of his pieces was selected for the cover of the exhibit's catalog.
Gorman's work was explored in a series on American Indian artists for the Public Broadcasting System (PBS). Other artists in the series included Helen Hardin, Charles Loloma, Allan Houser, Joseph Lonewolf, and Fritz Scholder.[5]
Recognition and collectors[edit]
Harvard University recognized him for "notable contributions to American art and Native American culture" in 1986, and Mayor Dianne Feinstein of San Francisco declared March 19 to be "Gorman Day".
His famous friends and collectors of his work included Elizabeth Taylor, Danny DeVito, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Barry Goldwater, Gregory Peck, Erma Bombeck, Lee Marvin, Jackie Onassis and fellow artist Andy Warhol, who silk-screened a portrait of Gorman that hung in a hall of his home surrounded by photos of Gorman's celebrity and other personal friends.
Late life[edit]
In 1998, he donated art for Tom Udall's campaign for election to the U.S. House of Representatives, and in 2003, donated his personal library to Diné College in Tsaile, Arizona.
Awards and honors[edit]
• Honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts, College of Ganado, Ganado, Arizona (1978)
• Humanitarian Award in Fine Art, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (May 1986)
• New Mexico’s Governor’s Award of Excellence (1989)[7]
• Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona (1995)
• Alumnae of the Year Award, National Association of Colleges and Universities (November 1993)
• Honorary United Nations 50-year Chairman for New Mexico (1995)
• Camino Real Award, Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, Santa Fe, New Mexico (1995)
• Los Amigos del Turismo Cultural Award, Santa Fe, New Mexico (1996)
• After Gorman's death, New Mexico governor Bill Richardson ordered flags flown at half-staff in his honor (2005)
• A Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars was dedicated to him in 2002.[8]
• Named a "Living Legend" by Ralph Oliver, 1990, per Biographical Directory of Native American Painters
1. ^ R.C. Gorman biography
2. ^ Gorman, R. C with (editor) Virginia Dooley, Nudes and Foods: Gorman Goes Gourmet. Northland Press, Flagstaff, AZ, 1981 (ISBN 0873582942)
3. ^ a b Bullis, Don (2007) "Gorman, Rudolph Carl "R.C." or "Rudy" (1931–2005)" New Mexico: a biographical dictionary, 1540-1980 Rio Grande Books, Albuquerque, New Mexico, pages 103-104, ISBN 978-1-890689-60-5
4. ^ "History", Mexico City College
6. ^ Brief biography of R.C. Gorman
7. ^ "The Award Winners". New Mexico Museum of Art. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
8. ^ Palm Springs Walk of Stars: By Date Dedicated
Further reading[edit]
• Monthan, Doris (1978). R.C. Gorman The Lithographs. A study of Lithographs 1970-1978. Flagstaff, Arizona: Northland Press. ISBN 0-87358-179-2.
• Monthan, Guy; Monthan, Doris (1975). Art and Indian Individualist. A profile of 17 Southwest native American Artists. Flagstaff, Arizona: Northland Press. ISBN 0-87358-137-7.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57767 | Ricardo Almendáriz
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Illustration by Almendáriz of a stucco relief at Palenque. The relief, dating to ca. 670CE, appears on the exterior face of Pier E in House A, part of the central complex of buildings known as the Palace (el Palacio).The drawing is a copy made from the original (now lost) engraving executed by Almendáriz during his visit to the site in 1787.
Contemporary photograph of the same feature, taken in 2008.
Ricardo Almendáriz (fl. 1787) was a Guatemalan draftsman who accompanied Antonio del Río to the first excavation of pre-Columbian Maya ruins at Palenque in Chiapas, Mexico.[1] Undertaken in May and June 1787, the expedition was performed under orders from Charles III of Spain to investigate reports about the ruins from the inhabitants of the neighboring pueblo of Santo Domingo de Palenque.[1] The team spent two weeks digging at the location followed by three weeks studying the site.[2]
Almendáriz made thirty drawings of the bas relief sculptures at the Palenque ruins.[1] These drawings were intended to accompany del Río's written report, which was dated June 24, 1787.[1] According to George Stuart, writing for the Kislak Foundation, the del Río report "ranks as the first substantial archaeological report known in the Americas."[3] Almendáriz's drawings of Palenque are "remarkably accurate for the era" and depict features of Palenque that have since been destroyed from exposure. For this reason they remain scientifically useful.[3]
The Almendáriz drawings were copied for archival purposes.[3] The most complete set of contemporary copies belongs to the library of the Royal Palace in Madrid.[3]
1. ^ a b c d Stuart 2007: 154
2. ^ "Eighteenth-Century Drawings of Palenque". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2009-11-05.
3. ^ a b c d Stuart 2007: 156
García Sáiz, María Concepción (1994). "Antonio del Río y Guillermo Dupaix: el reconocimiento de una deuda histórica" (PDF ONLINE REPRODUCTION, UNIVERSIDAD DE LA RIOJA). Anales del Museo de América (in Spanish) (Madrid: Museo de América, Ministerio de Cultura) 2: 99–119. ISSN 1133-8741. OCLC 445101005.
Río, Antonio del (1822) [1786]. Description of the Ruins of an Ancient City, discovered near Palenque, in the Kingdom of Guatemala, in Spanish America: Translated from the original manuscript report of captain Don Antonio del Río: Followed by Teatro Crítico Americano; or, A critical investigation and research into The History of the Americans (ONLINE REPRODUCTION AT OLIVERCOWDERY.COM). Paul Felix Cabrera (trans. and ed.). London: Henry Berthoud, and Suttaby, Evance and Fox. OCLC 55254809.
Stuart, George (2007). "492. Almendáriz, Ricardo, fl. ca. 1787" (PDF). In Arthur Dunkelman (ed.). The Jay I. Kislak Collection at the Library of Congress: a catalog of the gift of the Jay I. Kislak Foundation to the Library of Congress (PDF ONLINE REPRODUCTION). With essays by Ralph E. Ehrenberg, Norman Fiering, John Lombardi, Jerald T. Milanich, Robert J. Sharer, and George E. Stuart. Washington, DC: Library of Congress. pp. 154–156. ISBN 978-0-8444-1180-4. OCLC 177817935.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57768 | School of Science and Engineering
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The School of Science and Engineering Magnet at the Yvonne A. Ewell Townview Magnet Center (known as the School of Science and Engineering or SEM) is a magnet college preparatory high school located in the Yvonne A. Ewell Townview Magnet Center, home of six magnet high schools in the Dallas Independent School District. SEM's mascot is an eagle, and its school colors are maroon and white. Its current principal is Tiffany Huitt following Jovan Carisa Wells who was promoted to DISD Executive Director of Division 4 Office. Wells had served as principal following Richard White, the school's original principal, who retired suddenly for health reasons.
On admission, each student is placed into one of three math and science "tracks" based on their performance in previous mathematics courses and a special placement test - a Regular Track, a Fast Track, and a Super Fast Track. Each track is paced differently and completes a different number and difficulty of math and science courses.
SEM stresses a philosophy of hands-on science education, and specializes in offering science, technology, engineering, and mathematics courses. Its mathematics courses range in complexity from Pre-AP Algebra II (the lowest-level course offered) to AP Calculus BC and its own unique Advanced Topics of the Theory of Applied Mathematics (A. T. T. A. M.) course. Science courses range from basic-level courses such as Pre-AP Biology to higher-level courses such as AP Physics C and AP Chemistry. Of special note is SEM's unique "SuperLab" class, a laboratory-based course which combines the material of both AP Physics B and AP Chemistry. Tech courses that instruct students in Computer Science concepts and the Java (programming language) are also available in the form of Pre-AP Computer Science A and AP Computer Science AB.
•2012 - SEM wins the Intel School of Distinction Award for the Best High School Math Program in the Country.
•2012 - SEM Ranked #2 (out of 1900 public high schools) -Washington Post High School Challenge
•2012 - SEM Ranked #4 (out of 1000 public high schools) [1]
In 2011, SEM was ranked the number 1 high school in America by the Washington Post.[1] The school was also ranked number 1 in the Newsweek list of America's Best High Schools.[2] In 2012, it was ranked the number one high school in the North Texas area by Children at Risk, a research and advocacy institute dedicated to helping children.
In both 2005[3] & 2011,[4] SEM has received the Blue Ribbon School award by the U.S. Department of Education.
SEM was ranked as second best high school in the United States in 2007 according to the survey "The 1200 Best Public High Schools in the USA", it was eighth in 2006 and sixth in 2005. In 2007, SEM was ranked as the 18th best public high school in America by U.S. News & World Report.[5]
The College Board announced that SEM is number 1 in the world for passing minorities in Calculus AB and number one in the United States for passing Hispanics in Computer Science. In 2006, SEM was visited by President George W. Bush for excellence in education and the school's philosophy of emphasising math and science,[6][7] something he stressed in his 2006 State of the Union address. The school consistently ranks number one in D Magazine's Best Public High Schools in Dallas and has been named the Academic UIL District Champion for District 9-5A and 11-5A in 2006 and 2007 respectively.
Extracurricular activities[edit]
Due to rules and regulations involving magnet schools, SEM has no sports teams (although students may participate in those of their home schools). However, it does provide a wide variety of extracurricular activities, including several UIL teams:
Aerospace Club Orchestra UIL Calculator Team
Academic Decathlon "Big D" Marching Band UIL Number Sense Team
Italian Club Choir UIL Current Issues & Events Team
French Club Environmental Science/Volunteering Club Chess Club UIL Journalism Team
Latin Club Robotics UIL Literary Criticism
National Honor Society National Latin Honor Society UIL Math Team
Yearbook Staff UIL Accounting UIL One Act Play
PTW - Paint the World UIL Spelling Team UIL Science Team
Debate UIL Social Studies UIL Computer Science Team
SEM won the AAAAA individual UIL Computer Science event at the UIL State competition in Austin, Texas in 2001, and also won the AAAAA team UIL Computer Science competition in both 2000 and 2001.
SEM also won the 2012 and 2013 Academic UIL Region 2 5A competition.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57769 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Industry Entertainment robot
Service robot
Industrial robot
Smart toy
Founded September 20, 2004
(11 years ago)
Headquarters Hanoi, Vietnam
Area served
Vietnam (2004-08)
Worldwide (2008-present)
Key people
Ho Vinh Hoang
Products mRobo
Website Official Website
Facebook Page
YouTube Channel
TOSY (TOSY Robotics) is a company from Vietnam that specializes in designing and manufacturing robots and smart toys. Founded in 2004, TOSY’s products are now available in more than 60 countries worldwide and have been registered for patent, copyright and trademark in all these countries. Its current commercial products are DiscoRobo, TOOP and AFO.
Technology – Originality – Satisfaction – Yearning
• 2004 / Sep: TOSY was founded.
• 2005 / Jan: Started developing TOPIO – a humanoid robot – that can play ping pong.
• 2006 / Apr: Opened its first factory in An Khanh Industrial Zone.
• 2007 / Nov: Made its first international appearance in IREX (International Robot Exhibition) – world's largest robot trade fair – held in Tokyo, Japan and introduced TOPIO 1.0.[1]
• 2009:
Feb: TOPIO 2.0 made an impression at Spielwarenmesse Toy Trade Fair – world’s largest toy trade fair – held at Nuremberg, Germany; also introduced other smart toys like: BallRobo, TyreRobo & AFO.
Sep: Opened its second factory at Cau Giay Industrial Zone.
Nov: Made its second appearance at IREX Robot Trade Fair.
• 2010:
Feb: Made its second appearance at Spielwarenmesse Toy Trade Fair.
Jun: Attended Automatica – world’s largest automation trade fair – held in Munich, Germany to introduce 3 industrial robots: Parallel Robot, Scara Robot & Arm Robot.
• 2011:
Jan: Made its first appearance at Hong Kong Toys & Games Fair – Asia's largest toy trade fair.
Feb: Made its third appearance at Spielwarenmesse Toy Trade Fair.
Made its first appearance at New York Toy Fair – world’s third largest toy trade fair – held in New York, US to introduce TOOP.
Jul: TOOP was awarded by Guinness World Records as “The world’s longest-running mechanical spinning top”.
• 2012:
Jan: Introduced mRobo 1.0 at CES (Consumer Electronics Show) – world’s largest electronics & technology trade fair – held in Las Vegas, US. Worldwide music pop star Justin Bieber was invited by TOSY to come and promote for the robot.[2][3]
Feb: Made its fourth appearance at Spielwarenmesse Toy Trade Fair.
Made its second appearance at New York Toy Fair.
Oct: Made its second appearance at Hong Kong Toys & Games Fair.
Made its first appearance at CEATEC (Combined Exhibition of Advanced Technologies).[4]
• 2013:
Jan: Dancer/choreographer Derek Hough, three-times winner of Dancing with the Stars, attended this CES Trade Fair to promote for the mRobo 2.0.[5]
Jul: Made its first appearance at IFA (Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin) – one of Europe’s most popular industrial exhibitions – held in Berlin, Germany.[6]
Oct: Made its third appearance at New York Toy Fair to introduce DiscoRobo.[7]
• 2014:
Jun: Moved to the new office headquarter at Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi.
Oct: Made its third appearance at Hong Kong Toys & Games Fair.
Dec: Launched the new version DiscoRobo 2.0.
• 2015:
Feb: Made its fifth appearance at Spielwarenmesse Toy Trade Fair.
Made its fourth appearance at New York Toy Fair.
mRobo is the combination of a dancing humanoid robot and a high-quality speaker.[8] From its initial cube-shaped of a speaker, once the music starts, the robot grows out a head, legs, arms and begins transforming into a fully-fledged 18-inch tall robot. It then starts grooving body parts to the music as it plays through its rumbling stomach. With 42 Degrees of Freedom (DoFs), mRobo could perform a variety of entertaining dance moves.[9]
mRobo comes with 2GB of memory that allows internal storage of about 500 songs. The audio power amplifier and speaker are quality units that provide solid bass down to 40 Hz. The robot weighs 3.3 lbs (1.5 kg), measures 4.3 (D) x 6.3 (W) x 7.9 (H) inches (10 x 16 x 20 cm), and runs off batteries. Hence, its advanced engineering gives the robot an ability to slide, move forward/downward or turn right/left at ease.[10]
The robot will not only play music but it'll dance along to it, making it one of the more entertaining ways to listen to music. mRobo is not limited to its dance moves either, as users can upload their own music from either a Mac or PC or even stream music into the robot via Bluetooth.[11] TOSY said the battery-operated mRobo "uses software to analyze music for beats and rhythms to which it responds with corresponding moves". This means that if you don't exactly know much about dancing, you can still keep your robot up to date with the latest songs and dances to go along with them.[12]
It has been known that ping pong is interesting to roboticists because it requires understanding of dynamic environments, accurate real-time vision, fast actuation and intelligence to play the game with a winning strategy. TOPIO is a humanoid robot that can play one-on-one ping pong with humans. It was first introduced in IREX – world's largest robot trade fair – held in Tokyo, Japan in November 28, 2007.[15] While TOPIO 1.0 runs on water power, measures 1,8m, weighs 500 kg, has 6 legs and cannot move, TOPIO 2.0 is 2,1m but only weighs 60 kg, has 2 legs and can move. As it is considered a much more advanced version compared to the former one, TOPIO 2.0 has 28 DoFs and runs on electricity. Its ability to move, dance and play ping pong is based on modules such as high-speed image sensor, artificial neural network, movement controller, etc. The newest TOPIO 3.0 is as tall as 1,88m and weighs 120 kg with 32 DoFs.
The biggest challenge in designing TOPIO 3.0 is to fulfill 2 requirements: to be able to move & to play ping pong. In robotics engineering, it is not an easy task to combine these two factors. Nevertheless, TOPIO has undergone a thorough research and development procedure so that it could move fluently in 2 foot.[16]
Ho Vinh Hoang, the CEO and Chief Designer of the TOPIO project, stated that "the robot is getting special attention from experts and exhibition visitors, particularly major international technology companies and the mass media".[17]
SketRobo is a humanoid robot that can draw over 200 pre-loaded images, using a hand-held pen and a sheet of paper clipped to a table in front of it. At the moment, SketRobo’s drawing ability is still limited; however, in the future, TOSY will equip the robot with facial recognition system and motion detection so as the robot can sketch the faces of real people.[18] TOSY also aims to use SketRobo to help children learn how to draw.
TOPIO Dio is a humanoid robot that measures 125 cm tall and tips the scale at 45 kg, where it features 28 DoFs, a trio of wheels, a built-in camera, a sensor that helps it avoid obstacles and a Wi-Fi control capability.[19] TOSY says that the robot is mainly aimed at the “hospitality and restaurant” industries.[20]
Smart toys[edit]
DiscoRobo represents a new generation of entertaining and interactive high-tech toys. Using the latest beat detection technology, DiscoRobo can feel a variety of sounds like: drums, beatbox, handclaps, etc. and dance along with 56 moves while expressing 8 fun facial expressions. With the free DiscoRobo Chat app (available on iOS, Android and Windows operating systems), users can "chat" with DiscoRobo or choreograph its dancing steps. In dance mode, just a shake of the phone or a swipe across the virtual DiscoRobo on screen makes the actual robot react and mimic the movements. In addition, users can interact with DiscoRobo using the TV remote: just press any button from 0-9 and the robot will sing, dance or tell a joke. If users pair two DiscoRobo robots together – facing each other – the robots will also chat with each other with built-in conversations.[21]
The DiscoRobo band is available in four vibrant colors: Blue (Lucas), Red (Andy), Pink (Ruby) and Purple (Alex). The DiscoRobo Special Set also includes one DiscoStage, which is a high-quality portable Mp3 player speaker with a 128Mb internal memory for music storage and music device connectivity. Users can download music to the memory card in the speaker or connect the speaker to their smartphones and tablets to play the music for the robot to dance.
The production chain of DiscoRobo is committed to use high quality plastic materials passing the strict safety and quality rules in many markets so that the toy should be perfectly safe products for kids.[22]
Similar to the traditional top game of Vietnamese children, TOOP is a modern spinning top that runs on 3A battery with non-stop motorized spinning. With a controlling stick, players can create their own game strategy and control the tops to compete with others on the arena battle set. In 2011 July 7, TOOP was awarded by Guinness World Records as “The world’s longest-running mechanical spinning top”. With its record of spinning for 24 hours 35 minutes and 15 seconds, TOOP was honored to become the first and only toy from Vietnam that claims this prestigious award.[23]
AFO is a cutting-edge boomerang with a unique set of features that set it apart from conventional boomerangs. AFO was designed in such a way that it can fly far distance and return to you exactly. The AFO's flexible and thin blades are instrumental to helping it stay aloft for long periods of time. Once AFO flies to the sky, its LED light will immediately turn on, creating a wonderful light show especially in the night time.[24] Players are encouraged to use their creativity to come up with different ways of playing AFO both indoor and outdoor.[25]
AFO can be played both indoor and outdoor with ease [Video] [26]
Industrial robots[edit]
In 2010 Automatica Exhibition held in Munich, TOSY introduced 3 industrial robots: Arm Robot, Parallel Robot & Scara Robot. These robots have impressed exhibition visitors for their quality as well as for their extreme low cost of ¼ comparing to industrial robots from other countries. Arm Robot is an interactive automatic device that can solder, paint, assemble, move boxes or pallets, etc. Scara Robot and Parallel Robot are able to execute accurate production on fast-moving conveyors. These 3 robots have accuracy measurement of 0,1mm, work range of 0,6-2m and work load of 1–30 kg. To minimize production cost, TOSY has self-created the entire components of its industrial robots like engine, reducer, electrical network, automatic control,… [27]
Other products[edit]
BallRobo and TyreRobo are robots that can freely move in all directions and are controlled by a remote control. These 2 robots have been registered for patent for its special mechanical engineering that helps them move on different topographics: sand, snow, water, etc.
International Awards[edit]
1. ^ Ping Pong Playing Robots, updated 6/11/2008
2. ^ CJustin Bieber: Spokesman for Vietnamese toy robots?, updated 1/5/2012
3. ^ Justin Bieber. A dancing robot. CES 2012., updated 1/11/2012
4. ^ mRobo dancing to michael jackson at ceatec 2012, updated 10/4/2012
5. ^ mRobo shows off dance moves that far surpass my own (video), updated 11/1/2013
6. ^ Best toys and gadgets from IFA 2012, updated 9/3/2012
7. ^ Vietnamese-made toy robot hits local shelves, updated 8/13/2013
8. ^ CES 2012: Tosy’s mRobo ‘Bieberbot’, 3D Systems Cube printer, Yurbud custom earbuds, Razer gaming tablet turn heads, updated 1/12/2012
9. ^ Justin Bieber introduces dancing robot mRobo at CES, updated 1/12/2012
10. ^ Justin Bieber Shows Off Dancing Robot 'mRobo' At CES 2012, updated 1/11/2012
11. ^ Justin Bieber, Robo-boy, Drops in on CES, updated 1/11/2012
12. ^ mRobo Dancing Robot Looks Innocent Now, But in 2020?, updated 10/1/2012
13. ^ Meet mRobo, the Vietnam-Made Dancing Robot That Wowed CES [VIDEO], updated 1/11/2013
14. ^ TOSY’S dancing robots are back, without the Bieber, and this time they're almost for sale, updated 1/9/2013
15. ^ Play ping-pong or feed the baby at Tokyo robot fair, updated 11/29/2007
16. ^ Topio The Ping Pong Playing Robot, updated 1/22/2009
17. ^ I, the Ping-Pong Robot!, updated 12/5/2007
18. ^ TOSY set to release dancing and sketching robots, updated 9/5/2012
19. ^ Topio Dio serves up drinks at bar, updated 6/21/2010
20. ^ TOPIO Dio: The Skillful Waiter & Bartender, updated 6/18/2010
21. ^ Tosy DiscoRobo dancing robot is no legend, updated 10/1/2012
22. ^ DiscoRobo, updated 10/1/2012
23. ^ a b Longest Running Mechanical Spinning Top, updated 2/25/2015
24. ^ 'Đĩa bay' trên bầu trời Hà Nội, updated 12/23/2008
25. ^ Ấn tượng với cuộc thi “Sáng tạo với đồ chơi TOSY 2011”, updated 9/1/2011
26. ^ TOSY: Tặng đĩa bay đồ chơi cho trẻ em trong dịp trung thu, updated 9/17/2010
27. ^ TOSY: Triển lãm thành công tại IREX 2009, updated 11/28/2009
28. ^ Good Housekeeping's Best Toy Awards 2011, updated 2/25/2015
29. ^ Top Tech Toys for 2011, updated 2/15/2011
30. ^ Great Toys for 2012, updated 2/25/2015
31. ^ POPSCI'S ultimate robot dance-off, updated 2/16/2012
32. ^ Best of Toy Fair 2012:'s Space Age Awards Winners, updated 2/15/2012
33. ^ Top 12 New Toys at Toy Fair That Make You Want to Be a Kid Again, updated 2/15/2012
35. ^ The Best Of CES 2012: 9 Gadgets For Music Lovers, updated 1/12/2012 |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57772 | The Waterboys (album)
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The Waterboys
Studio album by The Waterboys
Released July 1983
Recorded December 1981 - November 1982
Genre Rock
Length 43:36
76:29 (re-release 2002)
Label Ensign Records, Island Records, Chrysalis Records
Producer Mike Scott, Rupert Hine
The Waterboys chronology
The Waterboys
A Pagan Place
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source Rating
Allmusic 4/5 stars [1]
Q 4/5 stars [2]
Mojo (Favourable) [3]
Rolling Stone 3/5 stars [4]
The album cover is a photograph of lead singer Mike Scott by Panny Charrington and designed by Stephanie Nash. The Waterboys logo appears in the pale blue box in the upper right-hand corner of the original album cover (pale pink on 2002 reissue). The symbol, which symbolizes water, continued to be used throughout the band's history. It was designed by Stephanie Nash of Island Records.[7]
Production history[edit]
In 1981 Mike Scott was working in the punk rock band Funhouse, who had recently changed their name from Another Pretty Face. Signed to the record label Ensign Records, the group had moved to London to record their music. Scott had been unsatisfied with the group's sound, which he described as "similar to a jumbo jet flying on one engine",[8] and in December 1981 decided to use Redshop Studio to record some of his own songs solo, after prompting from Ensign Records to consider a solo career.[5] With the help of a drum machine, Scott sang, played the piano and guitar on each of five songs. Two recordings from this studio demo session would eventually make their way onto the first Waterboys album, "December" and "The Three Day Man".[5] The quality of the session convinced Scott to leave Funhouse. Scott made further series' of recordings on his own at Redshop in February, April and August 1982, which yielded the following tracks: "Savage Earth Heart", "It Should Have Been You", "Gala" and "Where Are You Now When I Need You?".[5]
In spite of his label's advice, Scott instead began forming a new band to work with. In early 1982 he recruited Anthony Thistlethwaite for the new project, which became The Waterboys. Scott first heard Thistlethwaite on a Nikki Sudden album.[5] Thistlethwaite brought in a friend of his, Kevin Wilkinson, as a drummer. Sudden describes the events as Scott "stealing" the two away, but notes that Scott could afford to pay Thistlethwaite and Wilkinson, whereas Sudden could not.[9] Scott and Thistlethwaite recorded "A Girl Called Johnny" in Spring of 1982, and with Wilkinson and bassist Nick Linden they recorded further new tracks in November 1982 at Redshop Studio, Islington, of which one, "I Will Not Follow", appears on this album.[5]
Ensign flew Scott to New York to record with Patti Smith's guitarist, Lenny Kaye, as the producer. The recording session went poorly, and the material was not released in favour of recordings from the various London sessions.[5] After two single releases of "A Girl Called Johnny" in March 1983, The Waterboys was released that July (see 1983 in music).
A remastered version of the album with a number of extra tracks was released on 23 April 2002 by Capitol Records.
"A Girl Called Johnny" had been released both as a seven inch and as a twelve inch single in March 1983, preceding the album by four months. The song, a tribute to Patti Smith, "narrowly failed" to become a hit.[10] The B-side on the seven-inch was "The Late Train to Heaven", the "Rockfield mix" of which was eventually released on a re-issue of A Pagan Place, the group's next album. The twelve-inch contained "Ready for the Monkey House", the Another Pretty Face song "Out of Control" and an acoustic version of "Somebody Might Wave Back", the last of which would appear in a full studio version on A Pagan Place.
"December" was also released as a single (for the Christmas season) in both seven-inch and twelve-inch formats, with similar commercial results. The seven-inch's B-side was "Where are You Now When I Need You?", while the twelve-inch included an alternate recording of "The Three Day Man" and "Red Army Blues", a song that would be included on A Pagan Place.
An extended live version of "Savage Earth Heart", a song which had eventually become a "live show stopper"[8] was re-released as a B-side on the single for "Is She Conscious?" from A Rock in the Weary Land.
Track listing[edit]
All songs written by Mike Scott, unless otherwise noted.
Original album release[edit]
The original vinyl LP had eight tracks.
1. "December"
2. "A Girl Called Johnny"
3. "The Three Day Man"
4. "Gala"
5. "I Will Not Follow"
6. "It Should Have Been You"
7. "The Girl in the Swing"
8. "Savage Earth Heart"
Mini LP album release[edit]
The original vinyl LP had five tracks.
1. "A Girl Called Johnny" – 3:54
2. "I Will Not Follow" – 5:14
3. "It Should Have Been You" – 4:32
4. "December" – 6:45
5. "Savage Earth Heart" – 6:40
Re-release track list[edit]
The 2002 re-release contained additional songs, from the original demo recordings, single releases, and other early Waterboys work.
1. "December" – 6:48
2. "A Girl Called Johnny" – 3:57
3. "The Three Day Man" – 4:08
4. "Gala" (Unedited) – 9:31
5. "Where are You Now When I Need You?" – 5:06
6. "I Will Not Follow" – 5:18
7. "It Should Have Been You" – 4:30
8. "The Girl in the Swing" – 4:27
9. "Savage Earth Heart" – 6:40
10. "Something Fantastic" – 3:12
11. "Ready for the Monkeyhouse" – 3:59
12. "Another Kind of Circus" – 4:05
13. "A Boy in Black Leather" – 7:04
14. "December" (Original 8-track mix) – 6:49
15. "Jack of Diamonds" – 0:50
1. ^ Ruhlmann, William. The Waterboys (album) at AllMusic
2. ^ Q, March 2002 p.140
3. ^ Mojo, May 2002 p.122
4. ^ Rolling Stone review
5. ^ a b c d e f g Scott, Mike (2002). "Recording Notes". The Waterboys. EMI. p. 2.
6. ^ "Allmusic review". Retrieved October 22, 2005.
7. ^ "FAQ". mikescottwaterboys. Retrieved October 28, 2005.
8. ^ a b Peter Anderson. "Mike Scott/Waterboys biography". Record Collector magazine. Archived from the original on April 8, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007.
9. ^ Nikki Sudden. "A Few Mike Scott stories". Excerpts from Nikki Sudden's Autobiography. Retrieved October 23, 2005.
10. ^ MUZE UK. "Waterboys (The) Biography". Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Retrieved October 22, 2005. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57774 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
VisAD is a Java component library for interactive and collaborative visualization and analysis of numerical data. It combines a flexible data model and distributed objects (via Java RMI) to support sharing of data, visualizations and user interfaces between different data sources, different computers and different scientific disciplines. It is licensed under the GNU LGPL.[1]
VisAD is the basis of the Integrated Data Viewer, McIDAS V and other systems.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57775 | Vorobyovy Gory (Moscow Metro)
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Vorobyovy Gory
Moscow Metro station
Vorobievy gory3.jpg
Location Russia
Coordinates 55°42′37″N 37°33′33″E / 55.7103°N 37.5592°E / 55.7103; 37.5592Coordinates: 55°42′37″N 37°33′33″E / 55.7103°N 37.5592°E / 55.7103; 37.5592
Owned by Moskovsky Metropoliten
Line(s) 1 Sokolnicheskaya Line
Platforms 1 island platform
Tracks 2
Platform levels 1
Parking No
Bicycle facilities No
Other information
Station code 016
Opened 1 December 1959
Rebuilt 20 October 1983 – 14 December 2002
Previous names Leninskye Gory
Preceding station Moscow Metro Following station
toward Troparyovo
Sokolnicheskaya Line
Vorobyovy Gory is located in Moscow Ring Road
Moscow map MKAD metro line.svg
Vorobyovy Gory
Vorobyovy Gory
Location within Moscow Ring Road
Vorobyovy Gory (Russian: Воробьёвы го́ры, lit. Sparrow Hills) is a Moscow Metro station. It is on the Sokolnicheskaya Line, between Universitet and Sportivnaya stations. Its name originates from a nearby elevated area literally translated as Sparrow Hills.
In 1982 before reconstruction
The bridge, which is known as the Luzhniki Metro Bridge, or simply "Metromost", and spans the Moskva River, was originally built in 1958. The architects for the project were M. P. Bubnov, A. S. Markelov, M. F. Markovsky, A. K. Ryzhkov, and B. I. Tkhor. The bridge, hastily built, was plagued by corrosion and seeping water and fell into disrepair. It was deemed structurally unsound by 1984, so the station (at the time called Leninskiye Gory) was "temporarily" closed for repairs and trains were rerouted to temporary bridges alongside. Eighteen years later on 14 December 2002, the newly renovated and renamed station was opened to the public once again.
Built into the lower level of a bridge, it is unique in the city. At 270 metres in length, the platform is the longest in the system as the station needed to be accessible from both sides of the river. It is also the highest station above ground level at 15 metres, though this is less remarkable since all but a handful of Metro stations are underground. Apart from its dimensions, Vorobyovy Gory is also notable in being the only Moscow Metro station with windows. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57777 | William Howard Taft IV
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See also: Taft family
William Howard Taft IV
William Howard Taft IV, Deptuty Secretary of Defense, official portrait.JPEG
Taft, c. 1981
Legal Adviser of the Department of State
In office
April 16, 2001 – March 1, 2005
President George W. Bush
Preceded by David Andrews
Succeeded by John B. Bellinger III
United States Permanent Representative to NATO
In office
August 3, 1989 – June 26, 1992
Appointed by Ronald Reagan
Preceded by Alton G. Keel, Jr.
Succeeded by Reginald Bartholomew
United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
In office
February 3, 1984 – April 2, 1989
President Ronald Reagan
Preceded by W. Paul Thayer
Succeeded by Donald J. Atwood Jr.
General Counsel of the Department of Defense
In office
April 2, 1981 – February 3, 1984
President Ronald Reagan
Preceded by Togo D. West, Jr.
Succeeded by Chapman B. Cox
Personal details
Born (1945-09-13) September 13, 1945 (age 69)
Washington, D.C.
Nationality United States of America
Alma mater Yale University
Harvard Law School
Occupation Lawyer
William Howard Taft IV (born September 13, 1945) is an attorney who has served in the United States government under several Republican administrations. He is the son of William Howard Taft III and the great-grandson of U.S. President William Howard Taft.
Education, family[edit]
Taft was born in Washington, D.C. and attended St. Paul's School, graduating in 1962. He earned his bachelor of arts degree in English from Yale University in 1966 and his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1969.
Government service and legal career[edit]
Taft married Julia Vadala in 1974.
In February 1981, as one of his first appointments, President Ronald Reagan appointed Taft as General Counsel of the Department of Defense. Taft was then appointed Deputy Secretary of Defense and served from January 1984 to April 1989. He served as acting Secretary of Defense from January to March 1989 after George H. W. Bush became president. Bush's initial nominee, John Tower, was not confirmed by the United States Senate after much contentious debate and testimony. The eventual appointee confirmed in March was Richard B. Cheney (later Vice President of the United States, 2001–2009). Although he was only acting Secretary of Defense, and never confirmed as the permanent Secretary, he became the third member of his family to hold a position as civilian head of a military department, following his great-great-grandfather Alphonso Taft (under President Ulysses S. Grant) and his great-grandfather William Howard Taft (under President Theodore Roosevelt).
Service in George W. Bush administration[edit]
In 2004, Taft's name surfaced as a dissenter concerning the policy of interrogation techniques for military detainees.[2] In a January 11, 2002, memo, Taft opposed Department of Justice lawyers to argue that the president could not "suspend" U.S. obligations to respect the Geneva Conventions and that a legal argument to do so was "legally flawed and procedurally impossible." This was also the position of Secretary of State Colin L. Powell, who attempted to persuade Bush to reconsider. Alberto R. Gonzales, the White House counsel, subsequently advised Bush in a memo that Taft and Powell were wrong and the Justice Department's analysis was "definitive." Gonzales claimed terrorist attacks "require a new approach in our actions toward captured terrorists," and argued that if suspected terrorists had never respected the Geneva Conventions' human rights protections, the U.S. didn't need to do so.
Leaving government service[edit]
After the re-election of President Bush, resignation of Colin Powell and appointment of Condoleezza Rice as secretary of state, Taft resigned to return to private practice, again at Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson. Currently he is a visiting professor in at Stanford Law School, having succeeded Allen Weiner as the Warren Christopher Professor of the Practice of International Law and Diplomacy in 2007.[3] In January 2009 he was named chair of the board of trustees for Freedom House, an independent watchdog organization that supports the expansion of freedom around the world.[4]
External links[edit]
Legal offices
Preceded by
David Andrews
Legal Adviser of the Department of State
2001 – 2005
Succeeded by
John B. Bellinger III
Political offices
Preceded by
W. Paul Thayer
United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
Succeeded by
Donald J. Atwood, Jr.
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
Alton G. Keel, Jr.
U.S. Ambassador to NATO
Succeeded by
Reginald Bartholomew |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57778 | Wishaw Press
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Wishaw Press
Type Local Weekly Newspaper
Format Tabloid
Owner Trinity Mirror plc (trading as Scottish & Universal Newspapers Ltd)
Editor John Murdoch
Chief Reporter Robert Mitchell
Photographer Jim Donnelly
Headquarters Airdrie, North Lanarkshire
Website www.wishawpress.co.uk
The Wishaw Press is a Scottish newspaper that covers Wishaw and the surrounding towns and villages in North Lanarkshire, such as Motherwell, Newmains and Carluke. The paper is owned by Trinity Mirror,[1] and is printed weekly at its office in Airdrie.
1. ^ Terms & conditions - Wishaw Press, Retrieved 16 December 2011 |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57779 | Japanese rock garden
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Zen Garden)
Jump to: navigation, search
Ryōan-ji (late 15th century) in Kyoto, Japan, a famous example of a zen garden
A mountain, waterfall, and gravel "river" at Daisen-in (1509–1513)
Early Japanese rock gardens[edit]
Rock gardens existed in Japan at least since the Heian Period (784-1185). These early gardens were described in the first manual of Japanese gardens, Sakuteiki (Records of Garden Keeping), written at the end of the 11th century by Tachibana no Toshitsuna (1028–1094). They were largely copied from the Chinese gardens of the Song Dynasty (960-1279), where groups of rocks symbolized Mount Penglai, the legendary mountain-island home of the Eight Immortals in Chinese mythology, known in Japanese as Horai.[3] The Sakuteiki described exactly how rocks should be placed. In one passage, he wrote: "In a place where there is neither a lake or a stream, one can put in place what is called a kare-sansui, or dry landscape..." This kind of garden featured either rocks placed upright like mountains, or laid out in a miniature landscape of hills and ravines, with few plants. He described several other styles of rock garden, which usually included a stream or pond, including the great river style, the mountain river style, and the marsh style. The ocean style featured rocks that appeared to have been eroded by waves, surrounded by a bank of white sand, like a beach.[4]
Zen Buddhism and the Muromachi Period (1336-1573)[edit]
The Muromachi Period in Japan, which took place at roughly the same time as the Renaissance in Europe, was characterized by political rivalries which frequently led to wars, but also by an extraordinary flourishing of Japanese culture. It saw the beginning of Noh theater, the Japanese tea ceremony, the shoin style of Japanese architecture, and the zen garden.[5]
Zen Buddhism was introduced into Japan at the end of the 12th century, and quickly achieved a wide following, particularly among the Samurai class and war lords, who admired its doctrine of self-discipline. The gardens of the early zen temples in Japan resembled Chinese gardens of the time, with lakes and islands. But in Kyoto in the 14th and 15th century, a new kind of garden appeared at the important zen temples. These zen gardens were designed to stimulate meditation. "Nature, if you made it expressive by reducing it to its abstract forms, could transmit the most profound thoughts by its simple presence", Michel Baridon wrote. "The compositions of stone, already common China, became in Japan, veritable petrified landscapes, which seemed suspended in time, as in a certain moments of Noh theater, which dates to the same period." [6]
The first garden to begin the transition to the new style is considered by many experts to be Saihō-ji, "The Temple of the Perfumes of the West," popularly known as Koke-dera, the Moss Garden, in the western part of Kyoto. The Buddhist monk and zen master Musō Kokushi transformed a Buddhist temple into a zen monastery in 1334, and built the gardens. The lower garden of Saihō-ji is in the traditional Heian Period style; a pond with several rock compositions representing islands. The upper garden is a dry rock garden which features three rock "islands." The first, called Kameshima, the island of the turtle, resembles a turtle swimming in a "lake" of moss. The second, Zazen-seki, is a flat "meditation rock," which is believed to radiate calm and silence; and the third is the kare-taki, a dry "waterfall" composed of a stairway of flat granite rocks. The moss which now surrounds the rocks and represents water, was not part of the original garden plan; it grew several centuries later when the garden was left untended, but now is the most famous feature of the garden.[7]
Muso Kokushi built another temple garden at Tenryū-ji, the "Temple of the Celestial Dragon". This garden appears to have been strongly influenced by Chinese landscape painting of the Song Dynasty which feature mountains rising in the mist, and a suggestion of great depth and height. The garden at Tenryū-ji has a real pond with water and a dry waterfall of rocks looking like a Chinese landscape. Saihō-ji and Tenryū-ji show the transition from the Heian style garden toward a more abstract and stylized view of nature.[7]
The gardens of Ginkaku-ji, also known as the Silver Pavilion, are also attributed to Muso Kokushi. This temple garden included a traditional pond garden, but it had a new feature for a Japanese garden; an area of raked white gravel with a perfectly shaped mountain of white gravel, resembling Mount Fuji, in the center. The scene was called ginshanada, literally "sand of silver and open sea". This garden feature became known as kogetsudai, or small mountain facing the moon," and similar small Mount Fujis made of sand or earth covered with grass appeared in Japanese gardens for centuries afterwards.[8]
The most famous of all zen gardens in Kyoto is Ryōan-ji, built in the late 15th century where for the first time the zen garden became purely abstract. The garden is a rectangle of 340 square meters.[9] Placed within it are fifteen stones of different sizes, carefully composed in five groups; one group of five stones, two groups of three, and two groups of two stones. The stones are surrounded by white gravel, which is carefully raked each day by the monks. The only vegetation in the garden is some moss around the stones. The garden is meant to be viewed from a seated position on the veranda of the hōjō, the residence of the abbot of the monastery.[10]
The garden at Daisen-in (1509-1513) took a more literary approach than Ryōan-ji. There a "river" of white gravel represents a metaphorical journey through life; beginning with a dry waterfall in the mountains, passing through rapids and rocks, and ending in a tranquil sea of white gravel, with two gravel mountains.
The invention of the zen garden was closely connected with developments in Japanese ink landscape paintings. Japanese painters such as Sesshū Tōyō (1420–1506) and Soami (died 1525) greatly simplified their views of nature, showing only the most essential aspects of nature, leaving great areas of white around the black and gray drawings. Soami is said to have been personally involved in the design of two of the most famous zen gardens in Kyoto, Ryōan-ji and Daisen-in, though his involvement has never been documented with certainty.
Michel Baridon wrote, "The famous zen gardens of the Muromachi Period showed that Japan had carried the art of gardens to the highest degree of intellectual refinement that it was possible to attain." [11]
Later rock gardens[edit]
During the Edo period, the large promenade garden became the dominant style of Japanese garden, but zen gardens continued to exist at zen temples. A few small new rock gardens were built, usually as part of a garden where a real stream or pond was not practical.
In 1880, the buildings of Tōfuku-ji temple in Kyoto, one of the oldest temples in the city, were destroyed by a fire. In 1940, the temple commissioned the landscape historian and architect Shigemori Mirei to recreate the gardens. He created four different gardens, one for each face of the main temple building. He made one garden with five artificial hills covered with grass, symbolizing the five great ancient temples of Kyoto; a modern rock garden, with vertical rocks, symbolizing Mount Horai; a large "sea" of white gravel raked in a checkboard pattern; and an intimate garden with swirling sand patterns.[12]
In the last century, zen gardens have appeared in many countries outside of Japan.
Selection and arrangement of rocks[edit]
The selection and placement of rocks is the most important part of making a Japanese rock garden. In the first known manual of Japanese gardening, the Sakuteiki, ' "Creating a garden" is expressed as "setting stones", ishi wo tateru koto; literally, the "act of setting stones upright." It laid out very specific rules for choice and the placement of stones, and warned that if the rules were not followed the owner of the garden would suffer misfortune.[13] In Japanese gardening, rocks are classified as either tall vertical, low vertical, arching, reclining, or flat.[14]
For creating "mountains", usually igneous volcanic rocks, rugged mountain rocks with sharp edges, are used. Smooth, rounded sedimentary rocks are used for the borders of gravel "rivers" or "seashores." [14] In Chinese gardens of the Song dynasty, individual rocks which looked like animals or had other unusual features were often the star attraction of the garden. In Japanese gardens, individual rocks rarely play the starring role; the emphasis is upon the harmony of the composition.[14] For arranging rocks, there are many rules in the Sakuteiki. For example:
"Make sure that all the stones, right down to the front of the arrangement, are placed with their best sides showing. If a stone has an ugly-looking top you should place it so as to give prominence to its side. Even if this means it has to lean at a considerable angle, no one will notice. There should always be more horizontal than vertical stones. If there are "running away" stones there must be "chasing" stones. If there are "leaning" stones, there must be "supporting" stones."
Rocks are rarely if ever placed in straight lines or in symmetrical patterns. The most common arrangement is one or more groups of three rocks. One common triad arrangement has a tall vertical rock flanked by two smaller rocks, representing Buddha and his two attendants. Other basic combinations are a tall vertical rock with a reclining rock; a short vertical rock and a flat rock; and a triad of a tall vertical rock, a reclining rock and a flat rock. Other important principles are to choose rocks which vary in color, shape and size, to avoid rocks with bright colors which might distract the viewer, and make certain that the grains of rocks run in the same direction.
At the end of the Edo period, a new principle was invented; the use of suteishi, "discarded" or "nameless" rocks, placed in seemingly random places to add spontaneity to the garden.[14] Other important principles of rock arrangement include balancing the number of vertical and horizontal rocks.
Sand and gravel[edit]
Gravel is usually used in zen gardens, rather than sand, because it is less disturbed by rain and wind. The act of raking the gravel into a pattern recalling waves or rippling water, known as samon (砂紋?)[15] or hōkime (箒目?), has an aesthetic function. Zen priests practice this raking also to help their concentration. Achieving perfection of lines is not easy. Rakes are according to the patterns of ridges as desired and limited to some of the stone objects situated within the gravel area.[clarification needed] Nonetheless often the patterns are not static. Developing variations in patterns is a creative and inspiring challenge.
Stone arrangements and other miniature elements are used to represent mountains and natural water elements and scenes, islands, rivers and waterfalls. Stone and shaped shrubs (karikomi, hako-zukuri topiary) are used interchangeably. In most gardens moss is used as a ground cover to create "land" covered by forest.
In the Japanese rock garden, rocks sometimes symbolize mountains, (particularly Horai, the legendary home of the Eight Immortals in Buddhist mythology); or they can be boats or a living creature (usually a turtle, or a carp). In a group, they might be a waterfall or a crane in flight.
In the earliest rock gardens of the Heian period, the rocks in a garden sometimes had a political message. As the Sakutei-ki wrote:
"Sometimes, when mountains are weak, they are without fail destroyed by water. It is, in other words, as if subjects had attacked their emperor. A mountain is weak if it does not have stones for support. An emperor is weak if he does not have counselors. That is why it is said that it is because of stones that a mountain is sure, and thanks to his subjects that an emperor is secure. It is for this reason that, when you construct a landscape, you must at all cost place rocks around the mountain." [16]
Some classical zen gardens, like Daisen-in, have symbolism that can be easily read; it is a metaphorical journey on the river of life. Others, like Ryōan-ji, resist easy interpretation. Many different theories have been put forward about what the garden is supposed to represent, from islands in a stream to swimming baby tigers to the peaks of mountains rising above the clouds to theories about secrets of geometry or of the rules of equilibrium of odd numbers. Garden historian Gunter Nitschke wrote: "The garden at Ryōan-ji does not symbolize anything, or more precisely, to avoid any misunderstanding, the garden of Ryōan-ji does not symbolize, nor does it have the value of reproducing a natural beauty that one can find in the real or mythical world. I consider it to be an abstract composition of "natural" objects in space, a composition whose function is to incite meditation.".[17]
A recent suggestion, by Gert van Tonder of Kyoto University and Michael Lyons of Ritsumeikan University, is that the rocks of Ryōan-ji form the subliminal image of a tree. The researchers claim the subconscious mind is sensitive to a subtle association between the rocks. They suggest this may be responsible for the calming effect of the garden.[18]
Landscape painting and the Zen garden critique[edit]
Chinese landscape painting was one of the many Chinese arts that came to Japan with Zen Buddhism in the fourteenth century. That the Buddhism of Zen influenced garden design was first suggested not in Japan, but in the West by a Hawaian garden journalist Loraine Kuck in the 1930s and disputed as such by a scholar of Japanese garden history, Wybe Kuitert in 1988.[19] This was well before scholars jumped on the bandwagon in the 1990s to deconstruct the promotion and reception of Zen.[20] The critique comes down to the fact that Buddhist priests were not trying to express Zen in gardens. A review of the quotes of Buddhist priests that are taken to "prove" Zen for the garden are actually phrases copied from Chinese treatises on landscape painting. Secondary writers on the Japanese garden like Keane and Nitschke, who were associating with Kuitert when he was working on his research at the Kyoto University joined the Zen garden critique, like Kendall H. Brown, who took a similar distance from the Zen garden. In Japan the critique was taken over by Yamada Shouji who took a critical stance to the understanding of all Japanese culture, including gardens, under the nominator of Zen.[21] Christian Tagsold summarized the discussion by placing perceptions of the Japanese garden in the context of an interdisciplinary comparison of cultures of Japan and the West.[22]
Zen priests quote from Chinese treatises on landscape painting indicating that the Japanese rock garden, and its karesansui garden scenery was and still is inspired by or based on first Chinese and later also Japanese landscape painting.[23] Landscape painting and landscape gardening were closely related and practiced by intellectuals, the literati inspired by Chinese culture. A primary design principle was the creation of a landscape based on, or at least greatly influenced by, the three-dimensional monochrome ink (sumi) landscape painting, sumi-e or suiboku-ga. In Japan the garden has the same status as a work of art. Though each garden is different in its composition, they mostly use rock groupings and shrubs to represent a classic scene of mountains, valleys and waterfalls taken from Chinese landscape painting. In some cases it might be as abstract as just a few islands in a sea. Any Japanese garden may also incorporates existing scenery outside its confinement, e.g. the hills behind, as "borrowed scenery" (using a technique called Shakkei).
See also[edit]
Shrines and temples with rock gardens:
In Kyoto:
Outside Kyoto:
1. ^ Ono Kenkichi and Walter Edwards: "Bilingual (English and Japanese) Dictionary of Japanese Garden Terms (Karesansui. p. 20) from Kansai Prhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Pageocess, Nara 2001 The Karesansui definition was extracted with permission from The on-line "living" guide to realize a Zen garden by P.M. Patings.
2. ^ Gunter Nitschke, Le Jardin japonais, pg. 65.
3. ^ Michel Baridon, Les Jardins- Paysagistes, Jardinieres, Poetes, pg. 485-487.
4. ^ Michel Baridon, Les Jardins, pg. 488
5. ^ Nitschke, le jardin japonais, pg. 67.
6. ^ Baridon, Les Jardins pg. 472.
7. ^ a b Nitschke, le jardin japonais, pg. 68-73.
8. ^ Nitschke, Le jardin japonais, pg. 86.
9. ^ Nitschke, Le Jardin Japonais. Young and Young put the size at twenty-five meters by ten meters.
10. ^ Nitschke, Le Jardin Japonais, pg. 90.
11. ^ Michel Baridon, :Les Jardins, pg. 474. Translation of this excerpt from French by D.R. Siefkin.
12. ^ Nitschke, Le jardin Japonais, pg. 217-218
13. ^ Michel Baridon, Les Jardins, pg. 485-490.
14. ^ a b c d Young and Young, The Art of the Japanese Garden. pg. 22.
15. ^ JAANUS, "samon 砂紋"
16. ^ Baridon, Les Jardins, pg. 492.
17. ^ Nitschke, Le jardin Japonais," pg. 92. Translation of this citation from French by D.R. Siefkin.
18. ^ van Tonder, Gert; Lyons, Michael J. (September 2005). "Visual Perception in Japanese Rock Garden Design" (PDF). Axiomathes (Springer) 15 (3): 353–371(19). doi:10.1007/s10516-004-5448-8. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
19. ^ Wybe Kuitert, Themes, Scenes, and Taste in the History of Japanese Garden Art, p.150-160, Japonica Neerlandica Volume 3, Gieben Publishers, Amsterdam ISBN 90-5063-021-9 http://edepot.wur.nl/206169
20. ^ Review Elizabeth ten Grotenhuis, Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Summer, 2003), pp. 429-432 http://www.jstor.org/stable/25064424
21. ^ Yamada Shoji, (Earl Hartman transl.) Shots in the Dark, Japan, Zen, and the West, The University of Chicago Press, 2009
22. ^ Christian Tagsold Spaces of Translation: Japanese Gardens in the West, Habilitationsschrift, HHU Dusseldorf
23. ^ Kuitert, Wybe (March 2013). "Composition of Scenery in Japanese Pre-Modern Gardens and the Three Distances of Guo Xi". Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes (Taylor and Francis) 33 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1080/02666286.2012.753189.
• Wybe Kuitert (1988). Themes, Scenes, and Taste in the History of Japanese Garden Art. Gieben Amsterdam. ISBN 90-5063-021-9.
• Wybe Kuitert (2002). Themes in the History of Japanese Garden Art. Hawaii University Press. ISBN 0-8248-2312-5.
• David Young; Michiko Young (July 2005). The Art of the Japanese Garden. Tuttle Pub. ISBN 978-0-8048-3598-5.
• Günter Nitschke (2007). Le jardin japonais: Angle droit et forme naturelle. ISBN 978-3-8228-3034-5.
• Baridon, Michel (1998). Les Jardins- Paysagistes, Jardiniers, Poetes. , Éditions Robert Lafont, Paris, (ISBN 2-221-06707-X)
• Miyeko Murase (1996). L Art Du Japon. LGF/Le Livre de Poche. ISBN 978-2-253-13054-3.
• Danielle Elisseeff (2010-09-23). Jardins japonais. ISBN 978-2-35988-029-8.
• Virginie Klecka (2011-04-15). Jardins Japonais. ISBN 978-2-8153-0052-0.
*The Sakuteiki is a garden book with notes on garden making that dates back to the late seventeenth century. Its oldest title is Senzai Hishõ, "Secret Extracts on Gardens", and was written nearly 1000 years ago, making it the oldest work on Japanese gardening. It is assumed that this was written in the 11th century by a noble man named Tachibana no Tichitsuna. In this text lies the first mention of the karesansui in literature. Only recently we saw an English modern translation of this gardening classic.
External links[edit]
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57780 | Encyclopedia > Kanaloa
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In Polynesian mythology, Tangaroa is the sea god, a son of Rangi and Papa, whom he forcibly separated from each other. Papa's body, filled with water, burst open and became the ocean.
Tangaroa is the father of all the sea creatures, including mermaids, from whence came humanity. The tides are his breaths, and he changes into a green lizard as a portent of good weather. Sailors keep a piece of brain coral[?] in their ship; it is an important talisman to protect them while on the sea.
Alternatively, Tangaroa is the primevil spirit that existed before anything else. Atea and Atanua came from him. He is also the father of Losi in Samoan mythology.
In Hawaii, Kanaloa is a creator god of magic and is associated with the octopus, and is also the king of the underworld.
With Hina-Tu-A-Uta, he is the father of Oro (Tahiti).
Alternative: (Tangaroa is his Maori name), Tanaoa (Marquesas Islands), Ta'aroa, Tangaloa, Kanaloa (Hawaii)
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57783 | You are here
CX-011393: Categorical Exclusion Determination
Build and Test of a Novel, Commercial-Scale Wave Energy Direct Drive Rotary Power Take-Off Under Realistic Open-Ocean Conditions
CX(s) Applied: A9, B5.15
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The U.S. Department of Energy is proposing to provide federal funding to Columbia Power Technologies, Inc. (Columbia) to complete the design, fabrication and validation of a commercial-scale Power Take-Off (PTO) Module in Columbia's utility-scale wave energy converter (WEC). Columbia would validate and demonstrate the reliability and feasibility the PTO Module in a land-based test that simulates realistic WEC operating conditions. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57809 | Well, it's springtime now, and I know all of you are thinking the same thought. (NO! Not that one!) You're asking yourself, what kind of flowers should I plant this year? You want to be able to look out your noding window (you do have a noding window, don't you?) and feast your eyes on some beautiful blossoms every once in a while, don't you? Sure you do.
If your flower bed is in the full sun most of the day, like mine, there's a couple of good options. Petunias are good-looking flowers, but they tend to get leggy later in the summer and they don't look nice when they are wearing down. They tend to do better in a pot or a hanging basket. Also, they don't make good anal retentive rows like some flowers. And I know most of you folks in here are so anal retentive that you could suck the vinyl off a barcolounger. So you might like the kind of flowers I planted today.
My favorite is the periwinkle. Pinks, reds, whites; mix 'em up. You may find them under their botanical name, Vinca. They're in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). The name periwinkle is possibly taken from pervinka, the Russian name of the flower, which in turn is derived from pervi, "first," as it is one of the first flowers of spring. They tend to stay pretty almost all summer long, and they love the sun. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57825 | Rainbow Tables
From ForensicsWiki
Revision as of 09:28, 24 July 2009 by .FUF (Talk | contribs)
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• The hash algorithm was known when the rainbow table was created;
• No salt was used in the individual password.
Free Rainbow Tables
These rainbow tables are free for download.
Windows XP & Vista passwords (LM & NT hashes)
WPA/WPA2-PSK passwords
DOC, PDF, etc
See Also
Wikipedia's Rainbow table entry |
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Topic: What do you make with your stepper motors? (Read 552 times) previous topic - next topic
Greetings :)
I have got a stepper motor for my Arduino and run a few tests. It works fine.
Now I realize that I have no idea what I can make out of it!
So to get project ideas, I would like to ask you: What kind of projects are you making with your stepper motors?
Googling does not give me much, most are simply technical stuff like how to make them work etc.
Used one to make a liquid stirrer using 2 magnets, one in a beaker one on the motor.
Also a linear actuator, CNC and an accurate coil winding device.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57837 | AnimeSuki Forums
Go Back AnimeSuki Forum > Anime Related Topics > Suggestions
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Old 2007-02-19, 07:18 Link #1
Junior Member
Join Date: Feb 2007
Looking For...
I am currently in search of animes similar to Fate/Stay Night and Shakugan no Shana. The type of animes which have action and fantasy, with a bit of romance and comedy in it. I would really appreciate it if you guys could help me out here..
I really enjoyed the series Shakugan no Shana, so I am more looking towards the Shana type animes. =p
I<3Shana is offline
Old 2007-02-19, 07:32 Link #2
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2005
The Third -- action/adventure/fantasy. it has many similarities with shana. Both swing sword and have an AI buddie
Zero no Tsukaima -- action/fantasy/school/romance. the main protagonist acts like shana
miaka is offline
Old 2007-02-19, 07:41 Link #3
Anime Forever
Join Date: May 2006
Erementar Gerad (Action,Romance,Fantasy,Adventure) -But shounen if you dont mind that
Fushigi Yuugi (Romance,Action,Adventure,Fantasy)
Juuni Kokuki (Action,Fantasy)Drama,Adventure)
Kyou Kara Maou! (Action, Fantasy, Shounen-ai,comedy) -although it is shounen ai, its barelly every shown so dont worry
Scrapped Princess (Action,Fantasy,Drama,Magic)
fto is offline
Old 2007-02-19, 23:27 Link #4
Junior Member
Join Date: Feb 2007
Thanks for those suggestions...
Anyone can tell me some more anime series of that type?
I<3Shana is offline
Old 2007-02-19, 23:43 Link #5
Senior Member
Join Date: Nov 2006
Definitely Zero no Tsukaima. The similarities are just there..
Duckinator is offline
Old 2007-02-20, 01:38 Link #6
Senior Member
Join Date: Apr 2006
Indeed, I can only think of Zero no Tsukaima. Additionally, the seiyuu for shana and yuji in shakugan no shana is same as the two main characters in zero no tsukaima.
How about Shingetsutan Tsukihime? It is made by same company as one who did fate stay night.
GriS is offline
Old 2007-02-20, 03:27 Link #7
Junior Member
Join Date: Feb 2007
ok..thanks guys =)
I<3Shana is offline
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57839 | Agreenster's Avatar submission #1
Discussion in 'Community' started by agreenster, May 29, 2002.
1. macrumors 68000
This was the first 'tar I made and just uploaded about 2 days ago. Does it still count for the contest??
More to come though........
2. macrumors G3
Re: Agreenster's Avatar submission #1
i think you can enter any avatar you want.
so yeah, i think it works.... it's quite nice....
i think the only thing i MIGHT like better is if it stopped for a second or 2. ie. rotate, pause, rotate, pause... but that might notwork. gotta see it to know...
you should probably post in the new forum though too... so they have em all together.
3. macrumors 68000
New Forum? I have no idea what you are talking about
4. Moderator emeritus
Mr. Anderson
The new forum is the Avatar Contest Forum, and yes any 'tar is ok. Doens't have to be a new one....
5. macrumors 68000
Gotcha, thanks--just posted
6. Moderator emeritus
I can move this one if u guys want??
7. macrumors G3
i'd also attach the file to the post in the other forum... that way if you for some reason decide to change your avatar, it'll still be up. plus it might be easier for the judges to collect them up if they're all attached.
oh and agreen... just so yo uknow
all posts in the other avatar forum have to be approved by duke, so rather than bug him with all that, we are discussing them mostly in the community section and just posting the actual avatars in the other one... at least that's what i'm trying to do. word
8. macrumors 68000
No, its okay--I posted a new one in the avatar forum
Thanks though!!
And Jello--gotcha no problem
9. macrumors G3
not worth it in my mind, given the nature of the new forum (ie duke approval required)... may as well keep the discussion here...
10. macrumors 68020
My avatar should winn because it says it all.
11. Moderator emeritus
no problem....thought I'd offer it up in case... ;)
12. Moderator emeritus
Mr. Anderson
you've been hanging out with mac15, right?
So submit already.....can't win if you don't play!
13. macrumors 68000
Man, Im getting hammered with wedding plans, demo reels, this elusive movie everyone wants to see, three jobs (at the moment), etc etc---I wont change my avatar. I just dont have the time--
great suggestion though for anyone else who is makingmultiple submissions.
14. Moderator emeritus
Mr. Anderson
Yes, its much better if it was kept here, easier to deal with, there are enough new posts to the moderated forum as it is and some of the questions I'm moving over here anyway, to avoid clutter.
15. macrumors 68000
I updated my avatar to remove the background and make it more seamlessly integrated into the page. This is the final version, but just wanted you to notice the difference. I think its an improvement
16. macrumors 68040
I think it looks great! Did you use flash?
17. macrumors 68000
No, but I use flash on a very regular basis.
I used Cinema4D to model and animate the Powerbook, and then used ImageReady to make the animated gif.
The only thing that sucks is that it is 50x50. I modeled the laptop down to the last detail (even the speaker holes and whatnot). Im going to use it as part of my 3D demo reel though, and it will be seen up close then.
18. Retired
Re: Agreenster's Avatar submission #1
this is one of the more interesting avatars out there right now
what is on your screen...i can't quite make it out
19. macrumors G3
can you set us up with an image or something of the larger version so we can appreciate the details?
how long did it take to model?
20. macrumors 68000
Here is a screen capture-
I still have to flesh out the keyboard, screen latches, and modify the textures. It was good enough for the tar.
The screen is my desktop I use on my computer. Its the boat from my pirate animation. There was a thread on macrumors earlier about desktop pictures with a better rendering of it. I dont know where it is though.
Anyway, Jello and Duke, I should have my movie done this weekend-
Attached Files:
• ti.jpg
File size:
40.4 KB
21. macrumors G3
nice work. i need to start modeling things like that, just to hone my skills....
how long did it take?
looking forward to the movie.
22. macrumors 68000
2 hours or so. I didnt spend tons of time because it isnt what Im trying to focus on
23. macrumors G3
ha could've fooled me
just goes to show my lack of 3D skills as of now.... ahhhh. i was thinking like a couple days or so. i guess the key is that a lot of the work is just done by textures rather than fully modeled, eh?
24. Moderator emeritus
Mr. Anderson
Nice job. Did you use a color/bump map for the keys, or did you just model them in? I would have take a pic and seen how that came out, and the modified a b/w to make a bump map. How easy would that be to do in Cinema 4D?
25. macrumors 68000
No, its all modeled. It didnt take that long because, if you notice, the Ti is very basic in shape. Just rectangles with beveled edges.
I used all nurbs, and booleans to get the holes out of the casing.
No bump or displacement mapping.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57840 | CD drive for old slot loading 400Mhz G3 iMac
Discussion in 'PowerPC Macs' started by colinet, Oct 1, 2006.
1. macrumors 6502
Anyone know where I can get a (cheap!!) replacement CD drive for an old slot loading iMac which I'd like to give to my nephew? It doesn't need to be anything more advance than a simple CD player - doesn't need to be a burner.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57841 | Changing Short Name?
Discussion in 'PowerPC Macs' started by Des Zac, Aug 10, 2011.
1. macrumors regular
As you can see in my post below I recently bought an imac g3 snow running Tiger, I changed all of the info I needed for the account, but I cannot figure out how to change the Short Name, any suggestions?
2. macrumors 65816
somebody can correct me if im wrong, but i believe the only way is through the terminal........ google "changing short name in tiger"
hope it helps!
3. macrumors 65816
There is actually an app called ChangeShortName, and it works great on Tiger - I've used it in 2 machines. It will work in 10.4 and earlier, but not 10.5.
Supposedly you can change the short name in Leopard right in the User Account in System Preferences, but after trying it a whole bunch of different ways, it doesn't work. I wind up with a fresh Mac and no access to my things until I change it back to exactly what it was.
Actually, in Leopard, I totally reinstalled the OS, and restored all my files from a Time Machine Backup. I used a new short name, and had no problems with anything.
Anyhow, yes, that app does just what it should in Tiger. :)
4. macrumors 65816
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57843 | End Program
Discussion in 'Mac Programming' started by mrsmitty13, Aug 21, 2007.
1. macrumors newbie
Ok there may be a simple answer out there that I am overlooking but help with this would be awsome. Is there a simple way with applescript to end a program? I've found a way to start one but I dont know how to end the program using the script. What i'm trying to accomplish is via mail have certain commands that will start\end a certain program. Thanks for the help! :apple:
2. Moderator emeritus
The safe way (similar to File > Quit):
tell application "TextEdit" to quit
The less safe way (similar to force quit):
do shell script "killall TextEdit"
3. macrumors newbie
Thank you very much ill give it a try when i get home!
By the way do you know of any good websites out there that teach you some simple apple script commands? I'm new to this and wanna learn.
4. macrumors G4
5. macrumors newbie
That is exactly what I need! THANK YOU SO MUCH!!! Both of you!
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57844 | FW DVD drive and iBook
Discussion in 'Macintosh Computers' started by TrenchMouth, Jan 27, 2005.
1. macrumors 6502
hey all. i want to get this but i dont know if it will work with my computer. it says that you need a 500Mhz G4, i have a 500Mhz iBook G3 but i have everything else that it requires. i cant imagine that it requires altivec because then it would just require any G4, and that it states that it needs one that is 500Mhz, does that mean it wil not work with a 600Mhz G3?
the short end of the stick is, will this thing work with my iBook? i dont care about speed, i just want to burn some dvds so that i can back up a lot of info and such.
thanks for any info.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57845 | How to print calendar from iCloud
Discussion in 'iOS 5 and earlier' started by wgrowmd, Oct 24, 2011.
1. macrumors newbie
How do you get the calendar onscreen from iCloud to print? All my printer gets is a blank screen.
2. macrumors 68030
You could try taking a screenshot and printing that from within Photos.
3. macrumors newbie
That works thanks . It is not nearly the quality that I was able to print from the on sreen calendar from Mobileme before I transferred the data to iCloud.
4. macrumors newbie
Printing iCloud calendar
If you have a PC, I have found that you can use the PrtScreen function. When you are on the calendar page you want to print press PrtScreen (or Alt Prt
Screen if you only want the active part). Then open a new page in Word or other similar program and press Control V to paste it into the document.
Sort of laborious but it works.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57847 | Office created document
Discussion in 'iPad Apps' started by Badrottie, Apr 17, 2012.
1. macrumors 68040
I uploaded some Office created resume into dropbox app for email attachment but Dropbox will not allow me to download it because I do not have document app so I don't know which document app that will work with Office created document?
Thank you
2. Moderator
Staff Member
Goodreader? Even the lite version should do.
3. macrumors 68040
Thank you very much I will look at it.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57848 | Possible New imac Owner
Discussion in 'Macintosh Computers' started by Col Colt, Jun 8, 2005.
1. macrumors newbie
I've been looking at the imac G5 for a few weeks now and was wondering if anyone has one of these and what you think of it. With the advent of the Intel chip, would it be a good investment now? Always having just a PC, can one download Windows programs to a mac or is this our of the question? I do know that Norton makes anti virus/firewall software specifically for the mac. Would a router be a good idea as I've always used on on my Dell. As you can gather, I've never owned a mac...yet.
2. macrumors regular
same boat as you..
however i do know that Norton Anti Virus is not needed for any up-to-date MACS.
anyway lemme know how you do. ill certainly be buying my iMac over the Summer.. just waiting for a good time. --> Cramn n Jamn
3. macrumors 65816
I bought a 20" G5 iMac in January, and it's worked perfectly ever since. I added an extra 512Mb RAM to the (then) stock 256Mb, and it happily copes with anything my family throws at it (no games though). The Intel chip is a red herring, as the iMac will be upgraded to a new cpu chip at some point anyway - who cares if it's Intel or a G6. The iMac you buy today will still be doing what you want in a few years time anyway - ALL systems will be obsoleted by the next generation within a year or so.
Windows programs will not work on a Mac, unless you run them in an emulator, such as VPC. I switched to a Mac a year ago, and haven't turned on my Sony Vaio laptop for about 4 months, so it may be that you can get everything you need running on your Mac.
A router is a good idea for any system. There are no known problems with viruses, trogans or spyware on the Mac, so you can liberate yourself from the regular scanning and cleaning you have to do with Windows. Having said that, some people like to run an anti-virus utility so that they don't accidentaly pass on a virus received in an email or a document (which has no effect on the Mac) to a Windows user. I personally have not used an anti-virus utility or spyware scanner since I got my Mac.
As a long term Windows user (since Windows 2.0) I have totally switched to Mac/OS X now. It's hard to describe the experience of using a Mac until you've spent some time with one, but for me it's smooth, stylish, cool, liberating, and it just plain works. Run, don't walk, to the Apple store and you'll never look back.
All the best, and keep us posted. The fine people on this forum always bid a warm welcome to a new Mac owner.
4. macrumors 6502
As I have said before, there are other cheaper Macs if you are worried. eMac and Mini don´t cost you a fortune, so you don´t have to be worried.
I´ve an iMac and need a second computer for my home. I don´t want to spend a fortune for a computer because they are all fast. Even eMac isn´t slow..
5. macrumors member
Personally i'm looking forward to the change to intell processors!
Since in my own self centred world it means that i should be able to get a G5 iMac for cheaper if everyone keeps waiting for intel ones.
So realy if you want the iMac have the money now is a perfect time to buy since PPC is going to be supported for the next 5 years or so by most mac software companys.(personal guess, maybe longer?) This is all thanks to fat binarys that see what cpu you have. All the software that is availible now will still be available. Your computer will keep doing what it needs to do no matter whats coming out of the apple factory. Arguably you may be left behind in the games department but that will happen no matter what kind of computer you buy :)
Ulimately by the time you want another computer all the bugs, plus all of the cool stuff will be figured out for the intel based macs and you'll be able to jump in with both feet
Just my viewpoint :)
6. macrumors newbie
This all sounds like good advice to me. Guess I was just looking for a confirmation and a reason to buy! :) I think I have one now. Old habits are hard to break and I'm one of those who no doubt have been "overgunned" with protection on the PC I have now-everything from the usual Windows arsenal of Spybot, AdAware, Spyware Blaster, Spy Sweeper, Trojan Hunter, BoClean, WinPatrol, etc. as well as the router. I've had corrupt and missing files, but never a virus or trojan of any sort. Thankfully, I want have to put all that on a mac.
I assume programs like Diskeeper and an equivalent to Word will be available for the mac. I haven't researched all this yet but I do understand there is an equivalent to Firefox, Mozilla and the like called Safari. I don't know if you can get Firefox to work with a mac or not but, I do like that tabbed browsing. Anything's better than IE.
Many thanks for all this info and opinions on the G5. I think my billfold keeps jumping out of my pocket as it quietly whispers...CompUSA, CompUSA. :D
7. macrumors 65816
You are going to love having a Mac...so more worries about spyware or adware or viruses.
Check the refurbished machines on Apple.com.
You can usually get a good deal on a machine, and it still covered by the full warranty.
8. macrumors 65816
Microsoft Office 2004 is available for the Mac, as is OpenOffice and some other free alternatives if all you need is word processing. Firefox will work just fine, Safari is also fine and supports tabbed browsing - your choice which you end up using. There are other browsers such as Opera and OmniWeb that some swear by. Fragmentation is not too much of an issue with the Mac filesystem, so you may not need a Diskeeper equivalent at all.
Good luck!
9. macrumors newbie
So, gone are the days of Spybot, AdAware, Trojan Hunter, BoClean, Winpatrol, CWShredder , a-squared, etc. That's some of what I had on my PC to keep out the nasties not to mention at one time Norton Internet Security and a Linksys Router. What a pain!! I've got a 16 x 20 of an imac G5 in my bedroom!! :rolleyes: Just waiting for reality.
I've heard the mac doesn't have a registry. That doesn't make sense to me but that also would be great. Nothing to get inbedded in there that you have to search out.
10. macrumors Penryn
I just bought my Rev. B iMac last weekend. I love it to death. I know Intel will be coming to Apple computers but I wanted it more for the OS than anything else. It was either suck it up and buy a great machine now or wait 2 years. I'd rather spend the money now and enjoy life without spyware and viruses.
11. macrumors 65816
No, none of the apps you mentioned are necessary any more - cool huh?
No the Mac doesn't have a registry (nor do any other Unix systems). The application and other preference settings are saved in files within your home folder. Applications are actually packages (kind of like a zip file) that contain everything they need buried within the package. That means you don't usually need to run an installer or a de-installer. Mostly you just drag the application into your applications folder, and it's installed! Similarly if you drag it to the Trash, it's un-installed! There are some apps that have installers though.
Most apps you download come in a .dmg file. This is a disk image, and if you double-click it, it will mount just like a disk drive. You drag the application from the disk image into your applications folder and you've just installed it. Now you can eject the disk image file and Trash it. Coming from Windows it feels too easy to be true, but it really is that easy.
12. macrumors newbie
i got my new iMac in may. its really amazing in every way. i really could care less about window programs because compared to mac applications they are terrible. (i was a pc user my whole life before i switched this may) i really cant believe the mac operating system. its so user friendly...nothing crashes, no virus to bother me...its really good. im never going back to using PCs. spotlight is great and so useful. when you go back to using a windows you wonder why they dont have it and it fustrates you why they dont have it.
13. macrumors 6502
Macs dont get viruses as easily as PC's do, so those problems arent anything to be focused on.
BUT, Macs are not perfect...
14. macrumors 6502a
Considering it might be 2 years before a Intel chip makes it into the iMac and then you'll probably want to wait until Rev B comes out, now is the perfect time to buy. When you iMac is ready to be replaced, the Rev B iMac should enter the market. If money is a big deal, get the low end iMac.
15. macrumors 65816
If you need a virus scanner (no likely), check out clamXav. Best of all, it's free(ware).
16. macrumors 65816
Yeah, but OS X certainly beats almost everything Windows offers.
Read this website that compares Windows to OS X: http://www.XvsXP.com/
Visit Apple.com's Mac OS X page: http://www.apple.com/macosx/
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57849 | possible to use internal hard drive on desktop as laptop time machine?
Discussion in 'Mac OS X 10.7 Lion' started by gnychis, Aug 3, 2011.
1. macrumors 6502
I have a 2TB internal hard drive on my Lion Desktop. I have a Macbook Air, which I would like to use that 2TB internal drive on my desktop for time machine. Is this at all possible?
2. macrumors 6502a
3. macrumors 6502
thanks a bunch! that was really easy. Just turned on File Sharing on my desktop, then added my Time Machine disk to the list of shared things. On my Laptop, I authenticated with my Desktop, and then just added the disk in Time Machine!
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57851 | where can I buy 4.3 atv 2 ?
Discussion in 'Apple TV and Home Theater' started by jvmxtra, Nov 14, 2011.
1. macrumors 65816
Just go into apple store and hope for the best?
2. macrumors 68000
Mine was 4.3 when I purchased it last week, and then I foolishly let it upgrade as soon as I turned it on!
3. macrumors 68030
4. macrumors regular
Wait, they don't ship with 4.3 anymore? If I'm getting an Apple TV at Xmas, will there be a chance it'll be with iOS 5? If so, won't I be able to jailbreak?
5. macrumors 68000
Yes and you can Jailbreak IOS 4.4.2.
6. macrumors regular
So what you say is, 01) there's a chance of iOS 5 but only 4.2.2 can be jail broken or 02) I can jailbreak iOS 5?
If I jailbreak can I use Photostream and AirPlay mirroring while still having Plex?
7. macrumors 68000
There is no IOS5 on ATV it is 4.4.2. If you do a tethered JB you can still have Photo Stream and mirroring but Plex doesn't work yet. If you do the untethered JB, Photo Stream and Mirror do not yet work, but Plex does. In either case Airplay from an iPhone, Ipod, etc work.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57852 | Where should a absolute beginner start to learn programming?
Discussion in 'Mac Programming' started by ravenvii, Mar 24, 2009.
1. macrumors 604
I'm thinking of going back to school for a CE/EE or CS degree.
But before that, I'd like to get a strong foundation, so I'd have a easier time in school.
I'd like to ultimately program apps for OS X and the iPhone.
But I know zero about programming, other than XTML/CSS, which I taught myself.
So which language should I start with to learn the fundamentals, and to write good code? And where should I get/find the materials to learn from?
A thousand thanks in advance!
2. macrumors 6502a
Computer science? Learn mathematics.
3. Moderator emeritus
4. macrumors regular
5. macrumors 603
Ahaha. Nice, eatbacon!
My first Apple ][ program was very similar, it printed "I CAN BEEP" and beeped. Constantly. My teachers very quickly told me to turn it off.
I think Python is probably a good modern equivalent to the days of programming in Applesoft BASIC (or Microsoft QuickBasic, which is where I did a lot of futzing around when I was younger).
If you want to get a head start on C programming (not C++; start with C for now), go to the library or bookstore or Amazon and look up books published by O'Reilly and Associates. The one I started with is "Practical C Programming" (the so-called purple cow book). It's old, but it teaches all the fundamentals including good style.
Start with that, and/or Java and Python. What you'll find is that once you learn one programming language, it is not too difficult to learn another one. The concepts are all the same, even if the keywords and syntax are different.
6. macrumors G4
Hopefully a CS degree will teach you a LOT more than jus programming. It is kind of like learning to type so you can take a creative writing class
When I was a CS major at UCLA they were on the "quarter" system and there were only three programming classes required for the degree. All the other classes assumed you could figure out or teach yourself to program or they dealt with non-programming CS topics like hardware design or finite mathematics, algorithms and so on. Later I was at another school and their CS program as based even more on theory and math. The idea was that a university should not teach the "technology of the day" but cover material of lasting value. That said some 4 year CS programs are nothing more then programming classes. Depends on the school.
The best place to learn pure programming is a community collage or the book store. But the CS degree is useful if you want to do any kind of more complex stuff that might look more like engineering than coding.
If you must pick a programming language to start with Java is not a bad one.
HTML/CSS is not programming and has little to do with it. The reason is that HTML/CSS does not specify the flow of control. It is just static content. A program would have instructions for generating that content
7. macrumors 6502a
I'm in the process of teaching myself Cocoa programming (essentially from scratch). I'm a lifelong Mac user who studied logic/philosophy in college and always did well in math, but that's basically the only programming foundation I have.
I started with Kochan's "Programming in Objective-C" which is a great place to get started. If you plan on writing Cocoa apps, you'll need to learn Objective-C, so you might as well start there. The book assumes no prior programming knowledge and is very well written.
You might want to follow along through some of the tutorials on CocoaDevCentral just to get a feel for what Cocoa programming is like. It's not going to teach you everything there is to know, but it'll let you see if programming for OSX is something you enjoy.
8. macrumors newbie
Intro to C.S.
Well I was fortunate enough to take some C.S. courses in High School before majoring in it in college (though with no college credit for it in High School :-/). So far the pattern I've seen is that they always start you off in an object-oriented language (most notably C++ and Java). Looking back, imho this was probably for the best as at the beginning level it lets you work with fundemental programming constructs without having to worry about memory allocation or pointer arithmetics (at least not seriously). As well, I'm told that even if you end up not going down the C.S. trail, in EE they use C++ so that's something to consider (though I would think they would use just C). In the intro to programming classes I've taken they always start you off with the fundementals:
- Boolean operators
- Variables and Types (such as int, char, double, float, string)
- General Syntax (such as knowing where to put the comma, semi-colon, parenthesis and whatever else the lanaguage needs or understands)
- The basic structure of a program (where to declare variables and headers/libraries, starting main() and returning something [usually zero for starters])
- IF-ELSE statments
- Loops (such as while, for, do-while)
- Arrays
- Structs/constructors/objects
- Classes/Functions
I think that's about it (it's been a while :-/) but if you can get a handle on those then you pretty much have the intro class down and it is the "formal" intro to programming (reads: it will help you in all aspects of programming). A book I would suggest as well is The C Progamming Language Know oftenly as "The C Book" or more locally "The C Bible". GorillaPaws suggestion of Programming in Objective-C is a good one as well. I personally used Coca With Objective-C back in the day. I'm sure with some slight modifications here and there the information in that book should be still very relevent. Well hopefully this helps some, good luck.
9. macrumors newbie
i'm a current Computer Engineering student, currently in my sophomore year, and so far all three of my programming classes have mainly dealt with C/C++. also just as important would probably be brushing up on your math/physics/chemistry skills because most colleges will require these types of courses for an engineering degree. One thing you might want to check out is a program called alice, it's used to introduce computer programing to non-CS major and could help you understand more in the beginning. Otherwise, i would take everyone's advice and dive straight into C or C++
10. macrumors 604
CE/EE are quite different from CS. Have you narrowed down which one you want?
A lot of time the in-class foundation for programming is the best. But there are a few books already mentioned. C++ and Java should be the languages you start looking into. You also need to have a strong foundation and interest in mathematics.
That requires learning Objective-C, which is not something you will use in CS or CE/EE. If you are serious about school, make Obj-C the 2nd language you learn after you build your foundation.
Do you plan to also do OSX/iPhone programming for a living?
Since those are not exactly programming languages, they won't help as much, but at least you are used to good structure and formatting.
I think C++ or Java. Writing good code really depends on following the rules. Good code can also mean different things based on the end target. Efficient code might not be the most readable, vs. most reusable, etc.
11. macrumors 6502a
I'm having a hard time understanding why so many people are recommending languages like Java, C++, BASIC, Python etc. when the OP wants to program OSX and iPhone apps. It seems analogous to someone wanting to learn Japanese being told to learn Chinese first since it has a similar grammar which will help him with Japanese later. Why not take the direct approach and dive right in?
I admit that I am still learning, have much less experience than most of you, and certainly no academic experience with computer science at the university level so there may be some things that I'm ignorant of here. As someone who's struggling through teaching himself Cocoa from scratch, I can say that it's very challenging but also doable (thus far at least) with enough hard work/effort.
12. macrumors newbie
I need some help with my mac.
ok, so, my like desktop color for example is like greenish blue. but my computer is reaally messed up, and it turns the desktop color light blue, and the shadow behind the application like the color my desktop wassss. and all the icons in the dock are like super dark. ANNNDD hahh the windows are like white and the color is just like screwed up.
so in general, my colors out of whack.
do i need to get it replaced or fixed?
i hope this is the right place to ask.
13. macrumors 65816
I've been researching this topic for a while. Here is what I've come up with.
Go to www.Apress.com and get the following PDF books.
Learn C on the Mac
Learn Objective-C on the Mac
If you like you can also pick up a nice book on learning to program on the iPhone.
Then get the softcover book "Cocoa Programming for Mac OS X" by Aaron Hillegass.
With these three books you'll have the best texts available to teach yourself how to program on a Mac. Clearly there are other things to read and study. These will give you a solid start on the topic.
It would be good to hook up with some others learning the same subjects or find a teacher at a local community college you can talk to from time to time. It's always nice to have a buddy when tackling a subject like this.
I'll second much of the discussion above. Learning to write the code itself is like learning the basics of grammar. Next you need to learn to express yourself. Here is where the study of algorithms and math and physics comes in.
14. macrumors 604
Because the OP wants to build a foundation for a CE/EE or CS degree. It helps to use one of the languages that they will most likely use.
15. macrumors 65816
Ah, but does he want to go to school to LEARN programming? He probably figures since he knows nothing now it will be harder to succeed in school because they assume he will have prior experience and knowledge. Once he finishes he could then jump to the iPhone.
That's what I got from reading his post... I could be wrong though.
Maybe he could directly just teach himself and learn how to do it that way and skip school + fees altogether!
16. macrumors 604
OP, why do you want to go to school again? We are getting confused on what your plans are.
17. macrumors 6502
I'd learn C and objective C on the Mac. I started with a "C for dummies" book a couple years back, and I really have learned a lot since.
18. macrumors 6502
Apparently you don't know anything about Chinese and Japanese.
Sorry, had to.:rolleyes:
19. macrumors 604
Forget the other thread in community discussion, and forget what I said about CE/EE/CS/WTFBBQ.
I want to start developing kickass iPhone apps and make a fortune on the App Store. I know zilch about programming. Where do I start?
Thanks for the advice above - I'll check out the eBooks and of course the Hill-guy book.
I saw in another thread www.cprogramming.com is that a good tutorial to get started with too?
20. macrumors 604
That changes all the responses so far ;)
Get a the Objective-C books mentioned, download XCode and play around.
Good luck!
21. macrumors 603
22. macrumors 6502
I have great respect for people who know this art...
Good Luck on your desire to learn
23. macrumors 65816
Haha, I'm in the same boat... I'm not sure why I thought of the idea to learn this earlier..... it all intimidated me I guess. Once I saw how (relatively) simple iPhone applications CAN be compared to OS X applications.... I looked into it more and realized it should be within my grasp if I try hard and work at it.
I have no prior experience with programming other than HTML and basics like if and else statements, variables, loops, etc, etc... so I have read SO many different websites and documentation on Objective-C and Cocoa Touch.
Programming still does intimidate me though... I try to think of ways to exercise the code I learn but never come up with good examples....
I bought the book Beginning iPhone Development: Exploring the iPhone SDK and it is really well written and I find it very useful. I also thought the Programming in Objective-C 2.0 looked really good as well so I will try to pick that up when it's in stock at my local bookstore.
Apple's documentation looked scary to me at first, so I'd stay away from that and pick up a good entry level book.
Also "Becoming an Xcoder" or whatever that online pdf book is helped a lot too! That's where I started, I suggest you read all of it (as it will get you familiar with both XCode and Interface Builder) for Mac OS X applications.... and then when you move onto the iPhone you'll see how much simpler it seems and feels. Did for me anyways.
Just my 2 cents.
24. macrumors 6502
Cannot agree more. I set myself the goal of going from C ---> Obj C ---> Cocoa and took the route suggested by Cromulent. I think you don't **have** to do it this way, but you if you do, it will pay off.
25. macrumors 6502a
I know it sounds kinda newb (which I am), but after you have a small foundation in some C language, I suggest that you buy "Cocoa Programming for Dummies". The new edition just came out and gives a wonderful intro into using the full power of the Xcode tools and Objective-C language. I found it helpful, hope it helps you.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57863 |
Political Machine 2012 Review
Political Machine 2012 Screenshot
HIGH Creating my Grace Jones candidate, complete with cape.
LOW Increases my cynicism of the electoral college as a system.
While I wouldn't say that I enjoy politics, I wouldn't hesitate to state I'm engaged in them. For the first few hours, that was also my experience with Political Machine 2012.
Not having played the previous two versions of the Political Machine franchise, I found myself curious as to how it would all play out. Largely, it feels like the game I was presented was more like a toy, complete with bobble head representations of the candidates running for president. It somewhat mimics, but never gets close to any true emulation of the political campaigns we see unfurling before us.
The candidate chosen starts with a certain amount of wealth depending on the stat in that attribute. They then go around the 50 states giving speeches, fundraising, dropping ads, or building new headquarters. Each turn there's a cap on the candidate's stamina, meaning actions must be prioritized. Run low on cash? Better build a campaign headquarters to earn some more. Want to buy clout with a political group? There's a headquarters for that as well. Maybe you want to buy a media team, a bully, or wordsmith to help you out? Sure enough, another headquarters.
Much of the beginning is raising the candidate's awareness in a given state, which is odd, since a state that might have a low awareness of an incumbent president seems a willfully ignorant one. Of course, having awareness is only part of the battle, and one that largely becomes meaningless if the candidate continues running around the nation and sponsors TV ads everywhere.
My first play session happened to be Hillary Clinton and Michelle Obama versus Condoleeza Rice and Sarah Palin, going through the Easy mode just to get a sense of the game. While amused at the heads (literally) bobbling, the politics are largely inconsequential. I quickly grew tired of the absurd positions I found myself taking just because I could. For instance, I could go to Florida and be against same-sex marriage to gather popularity, then go to California and be for it; I discerned no real penalty for doing such.
Political Machine 2012 Screenshot
The lightweight nature of the game made me glad I could set a session's length to a short time span: my current game of Obama against Romney, while shorter than even a short session of most strategy games, finds me wishing it was over already, just as I'm sure I'll be wishing the real election will be over when political ads flood my every waking media consuming moment.
Once the initial base-setting is done and awareness is raised in all states, I felt I was repeating the same actions over and over to get the electoral college on my side. It became grinding. Even a lengthier game is going to take only a handful of hours, but the lack of any real interruption or upsets means it's a fairly steady trudge and trod that never manages to go much of anywhere.
Further aggravating is that the entire map of the US is eventually flooded with ads, political headquarters, and political allies who each have their own markers and symbols. This makes it almost impossible to tell what's happening in a distinct manner. What typically starts as me being on point concerning deficits and unemployment eventually turns to dirty politics, and switching positions in a state while flooding it with icons, as if it would help me win its electoral college votes. Because the way to visually distinguish between the icons of your candidates and their opponent is a slight color shift, this requires a lot of tedious zooming in and out to see what you have there, as opposed to what they have.
There is a desire to want to see this game as a cynical swipe at politics, their campaigns, and how the two-party system has created a constant stalemate. It may well be a point worth making: anyone playing this as either their ideological match or the opposite will find that ultimately there is opposition and favor, without much nuance. What has been created is an echo chamber that rattles back and forth, with people clamoring for one side or another, but not giving room for greater discussion.
However, this is also odd in that the game seems to eschew the internet in all its forms. As a spark for constant and embittered debate, having candidates deal with the internet and social media would likely add a depth to just the strategy that seems a missed opportunity. Despite the game being set in 2012, the ads I could create were stuck with me advertising in newspapers, the radio, and television. It's a strangely anachronistic touch that makes the entire thing even more like a toy that was made eight years ago, with the only change being the player figures included in the set.
Ultimately it all feels a bit hollow. There are no surprise events or bits of information that require any reaction, and games tend to go through their various phases. This creates a loop that makes Political Machine largely uninteresting in the long run. As a toy to create Grace Jones, president of the United States of America, it's great fun. As a game that tests my strategic depth, I found it a bit lacking. Rating: 3.5 out of 10.
—by Denis Farr
Disclosures: This game was obtained via publisher and reviewed on the PC via Steam. Approximately 6 hours of play were devoted to the single-player mode, and the game was completed. Zero hours of play were spent in multiplayer modes.
Parents: This game is not rated by the ESRB. It contains everything you'd expect from political campaigns engaged in propaganda and mudslinging, so keep your kids far, far away!
Deaf & Hard of Hearing Gamers: The entire game can be played on mute without being detrimental to the experience.
Category Tags
Platform(s): PC
Developer(s): Stardock Entertainment
Series: Political Machine
Genre(s): Strategy/Sim
Articles: Game Reviews
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57865 | If you somehow need a justification for investing the five-and-a-half minutes of company time you could be spending trying to convince that the reservations desk at Osteria Mozza that your boss has placed a bomb under your chair that he'll detonate if you can't get him a table on six hours' notice, think of the above short as more of an instructional film on the art of the pitch than a comedy video. As anyone who's ever been through the experience can tell you, anticipating the responses of the theoretical development exec sitting across the desk from you by imagining him as a richer, better tanned, and profoundly brain-damaged version of yourself is a helpful thought-exercise that can help you quickly close a deal. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57866 | A week in which we came preparedIt's not just your privacy that's an illusion — with a few helpful tips, the privacy of Paris Hilton and Lindsay Lohan can be invaded! At least, more than usual. But then even Bill Clinton overshares these days. But an indictment unsealing reminded us sometimes the old ways of privacy invasion are still best. Because unlike Amazon.com, paper documents can boast 100 percent uptime. At least our readers have their priorities straight, with photos from gorgeous bride Randi Zuckerberg's wedding proving more popular than non-descript boxes from Apple in an East Bay parking lot. That said, we hope you had your goggles on this week, because it was raining men. (Photo by Ana María) |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57874 | VESA Approves DisplayPort 1.1 With Digital Content Protection, World Doesn't Give a Damn, Orders More Pancakes
Those crazy videoheads at VESA have approved the final version of DisplayPort 1.1 that was announced at CES '07. And while we thought it was yet another new connector for your computer, monitors, TVs and projectors, different to every other video port out there and obviously designed to confuse everyone, apparently VESA says "it's a new roadmap for display connectivity convergence."
According to the Gizmodo Dictionary Of Marketing Drone Speak, "display convergence" means "something that is different from HDMI but that includes the same HDCP 1.3 digital content protection that neither the consumer nor some other companies want, and requires stupid dongles to connect to all displays because nobody supports it yet."
More baffling details after the jump.
DisplayPort 1.1 is the size of a "small USB connector", whatever that means, consumes "less energy," whatever that means, offers "higher performance than dual link DVI at 10.8Gbps," whatever that means, and has optional audio support, which I know what it means and makes absolutely no sense. Hopefully, it will be as ignored as DisplayPort 1.0 and everyone will just use HDMI, which currently can support any current monitor's highest resolutions (up to 3.200x2.048), even while it tops at 10.2Gbps.
Press release [VESA] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57875 | Everyone Should Do the Jelly Mouse and Keyboard Prank
Somewhere in Finland, Tom's office colleagues decided to welcome him with the most delicious office prank this side of stuffing your monitor in a giant doughnut:
A mouse and keyboard keys stuffed in jelly. The note says "Welcome back, Tom!"
After seeing it, I wish they sold Jell-O in bucket sizes, so I can stick my head inside. [Thanks David!] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57876 | A Look at the Tech Inside Printer Cartridge Bombs
Terrorists are running out of places to put their bombs—even shoes are off limits now. So where do you stick explosives these days? Here's a look inside the deviously clever design of printer bombs that made recent headlines.
Officials aren't certain what group is behind the improvised bombs that found their way onto cargo planes this past week—but they demonstrate an ingenius and sophisticated design with basic electronics you probably have sitting around your home or office.
The idea was simple. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate, more commonly known as PETN, is a relatively stable explosive. To detonate it, you basically need to blow it up with something else—or hit it really hard. But unlike other explosive compounds, the risk of a PETN-based bomb destroying itself accidentally is low. And a little bit goes a long way—a fifth of an ounce of the stuff will blow a hole in metal twice the thickness of an airplane fuselage.
A Look at the Tech Inside Printer Cartridge Bombs
So these as-for-now anonymous bomb makers took around 7 pounds of PETN and stuffed it—rather crudely—inside a printer cartridge, along with some equally crude electrical wiring. All of this was linked up with a SIM card just like the one you have inside your phone. The job wasn't exactly spotless, bomb experts note, but it was clever enough to keep it hidden for a disconcerting length of time. The assumption is that the SIM card would have been used to detonate the explosive printer remotely, via a phone call. But so far, there's no sign any antenna was present—so where would the bomb have received a signal? And what was going to be used to detonate this hard-to-detonate PETN? Nobody really knows yet. But the design betrays an eye for technical cunning that's at once amateurish and, morbidly, brilliant. [Danger Room] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57879 |
If you're contemplating your next car add-on, consider replacing your boring, old spark plugs with lasers. Yeah, lasers. Lasers that cut down on noxious emissions and provide better fuel efficiency! If Japan's National Institutes of Natural Sciences has its way, a replacement of that sort may not be so far off (or strange).
The traditional spark plug we're all used to works by sending electrical, well, sparks, between two, uh, electrodes. This causes an explosion in the engine and forces the piston to move down, creating the all-important horsepower that gets you going. Here's the problem: More burnt fuel equals more noxious emissions... and no one likes those.
And while the spark plug is powerful enough to burn leaner fuel (thereby reducing emissions), it can't do so without burning the electrodes. Cue tiny car lasers: Because their architecture involves no electrodes whatsoever, they're able to burn leaner fuel without causing any damage.
The laser system also does its job much faster than traditional spark plugs. A process that currently takes milliseconds will be reduced to nanoseconds with this system. And while you won't be able to shoot missiles out of the sky with your Nissan laser beams (yet), your engine will undergo a quicker combustion, which means better fuel efficiency. Ford's been working on this too—and I think I can settle for laser cars instead of flying cars. [PhysOrg, Totally unrelated image via Wrong Side of the Art] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57881 | How Do You Fly a Mini to Mars?
On Saturday, the next Mars rover will start its journey to the red planet. Only this time, NASA is sending something the size of a car. How the hell?
In the past, the rovers that NASA has sent to Mars have been fairly small. Sojourner, the first, was 65cm long and weighed 10kg. The next two, Spirit and Opportunity, were a little bigger: they were both 1.6 meters long and weighed 170kg.
But on Saturday 26 November, a new rover called Curiosity is going to be sent Mars-wards. And this plutonium-powered guy is pretty substantial. Curiosity weighs in at 900kg, and is 3 meters long. "It's the size of a Mini Cooper with the wheelbase of a Humvee," is how project scientist John Grotzinger described the new rover to the BBC. That's pretty big.
So how the hell do you safely transport something the size of a car to Mars? In the past, the rovers have floated down to the planet's surface beneath parachutes, but Curiosity is too heavy for that to work. Instead NASA has built something called a skycrane. Yes, really.
When the ship on which Curiosity is being transported reaches an altitude of 1.6km above the surface of Mars, a special descent stage with two rockets at each of its corners will separate, carrying the rover. Then, when this this secondary craft is 20 meters above the surface, the rover will be lowered using cables. When it touches down, the cables will be cut with explosives, and the secondary craft will fly off to crash land elsewhere.
Errr, at least, that's the theory. Because to me, it sounds like there's plenty that could go wrong. Also, given recent failures with craft destined to reach Mars and its surroundings, like Phobos-Grunt, there's a fairly big chance it won't even make it anywhere near.
Still, let's stay positive. Because I want NASA to land something the size of a car on Mars. Good luck, Curiosity. [BBC and The Economist; Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57885 | Genevieve Valentine (glvalentine) wrote,
Genevieve Valentine
Two Pictures of the Disney Store
I took two pictures of the Marvel section of the Disney Store in Times Square, a year or so ago. They've been on my phone since, for reasons.
The boys' section:
(There isn't a realm of entertainment that doesn't need more diverse representation. However, behind-the-scenes stories out of SF culture seem to be toe-curlingly terrible an enormous percentage of the time, the sort of self-fulfilling prophecy that encourages stagnation, because keeping the status quo means dealing with fewer fanboys squealing in comments that it was harder to sympathize with a black Rue and the new X-Men book is "reverse sexism".)
Let's be honest: Kevin Smith reacting with outrage about these attitudes comes off a little rich given the choice bullshit about gender he has laid down in his time. Let's also be honest that we all know the network executives are adding an invisible "white" to every mention of boys or girls.
And let's be honest: It's a relief.
If you're someone concerned about representation, you spend so, so much time trying to explain the invisible evil of endless white and male narratives. When something has no women or characters of color in it, you're still expected to find it universally compelling; when a woman is merely a romantic object or a character of color is a stereotype, you're expected to be happy the character is even present. It's a difficult argument to even sustain for long: you have to explain that well-done and inclusive are not the same, and you have to eternally make a case for change at all, because the people who most need to reassess their perceptions are the ones least likely to. (What should we do, they ask when criticized for shortcomings in their creations, write nothing but white men? Nope; we have plenty, thanks.)
But even among people who mean well, it can be hard to explain when something is being done on purpose. Carelessness is easy to believe, and thoughtlessness makes sense; it's a bigger step to believe that things are being consciously directed to be exclusionary. If anything, they're businesspeople; to deliberately deny such huge audiences is juvenile and counterproductive, surely.
Surely, it is. But it's also deliberate. It is very clear; it's a mandate; it's a condition of sale. "We do not want girls."
If there are girls, they're a lesser audience; they need to be "one step behind the boys, not as smart as the boys, not as interesting as the boys." This isn't new enough to be appalling. It's not vicious enough to rate in the top ten. It's just the invisible evil made visible. This has the relief of the house of mirrors falling and the monster stepping forward. You're still dealing with a monster, but now at least everyone knows it's there.
Companies do end up wanting women's money, eventually. They're well aware women are interested in geek culture: women made up more than 35% of NYCC attendees in 2013, and 40% the year before. They just don't care about engaging them outside of taking their money ("of the 274 listed guests, only 25 were female"). Marvel has no plans for a Black Widow movie; she'll be in Captain America, and the next Avengers movie, where she'll be joined by the Scarlet Witch, doubling the number of female Avengers. People have been asking for a Wonder Woman movie for a decade; we'll see her in two years, as a supporting character in Batman vs. Superman.
In a demographic that thinks "fake geek girls" are a threat to the integrity of Seven of Nine posters the world over, women who want to quite literally buy into nerd culture still have to work at it; they have to buy enough and ask for enough and make enough dollar noise to be acknowledged as a marketable demographic for that franchise. They have to earn the right to spend money on things meant for them. (Often, those things are limited, or sexualized, or gendered, or pink; you're expected to be happy the character is even present.)
A Black Widow action figure and these two shirts made up the entire girls' section in that Disney Store. The one on the left says, "I Fight in Heels." On the right, "I Only Date Super Heroes."
Good luck, girls.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57908 | You are here
Ram Navami
Ram Navmi recipes include the various recipes for special dishes prepared on the auspicious occasion of Ram Navmi, which is the Hindu festive occasion of Lord Ram's birthday, and falls on the ninth day of the Chaitra month of the Hindu calendar. Ram Navmi recipes include many recipes for dishes of 'satvik' food for fast-observing people, which omit use of cereals and common salt.
Traditional Ram Navmi Recipes and Ram Navmi Food Menu
Ram Navmi has traditionally been celebrated with prayers and delicious Ram Navmi food, and Ram Navmi recipes show many regional variations in different parts of India. Here are some of the traditional Ram Navmi recipes that have been a part of Hindu culture since hundreds of years-
• Kheer: Kheer is a dessert made by cooking milk with a principal ingredient like sabudana or makhana, along with flavorings of cardamom, dry fruits, saffron, etc. It is one of the most widely varying Ram Navmi recipes, which is a part of Ram Navmi food of most Indian households.
• Puri: It is a type of bread that is prepared by deep frying dough balls that have been flattened and given circular shape by means of a rolling pin. They are fried till golden brown, and puff up while frying. They are served hot or saved for use later. Puri is one of the most common Ram Navmi recipes, often eaten with curry and pickle.
• Potato curry: It is made by cooking potatoes along with sautéed onions, garlic, tomatoes and Indian spices. It is served with puri.
• Panchamrutham: It is a liquid food made by mixing together milk, curd, sugar, honey, ghee, basil leaves and banana. It is served chilled, customarily after offering to God.
• Kalakand: It is a sweet dish made of sweetened milk which has been solidified, along with cottage cheese.
• Halwa: It is a sweet dish made of semolina or wheat floor by cooking it with ghee, water, milk and sweetening with sugar.
Customary Ways to Serve and Eat Ram Navmi Food
On Ram Navmi day, puja is performed and special Ram Navmi food is offered to Lord Ram, after which it is eaten by the family. Many people observe fast on this day, and eat only satvik food, omitting the use of cereals and salt (which is replaced by rock salt in various dishes). |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57922 | Despite Harold Ramis' death, Ghostbusters 3 is still moving forward
Hollywood has refused to give up on the idea of a new Ghostbusters sequel for decades now. But even the recent passing of original star and screenwriter Harold Ramis hasn't derailed the project, as director Ivan Reitman is reportedly meeting with Sony to discuss how to adapt the script following Ramis' death.
According to The Hollywood Reporter, Ramis was only going to have a cameo in the film, which if true should be easy to rework. More importantly, this seemingly confirms all those reports that the third movie will focus on a new generation of Ghostbusters. Personally, I didn't want Ghostbusters: The Next Generation in the first place, and now that Egon won't be in it, I want it even less.
You know who agrees with me? Winston Zeddemore, better known as actor Ernie Hudson. When accosted by TMZ earlier this week, Hudson said: "There can't be another Ghostbusters without Harold. There could be another ghost something but there won't be. That was always my fear. That something would happen before we all got together." |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57923 | This intricately crafted harpoon tip is 35,000 years old
A harpoon tip dating to 35,000 years ago has been discovered on Timor, an island 250 miles northeast of Darwin, Australia. The ancient artifact, which was hewn from bone, is notable for its design, the complexity of which suggests humans in the region manufactured sophisticated weaponry earlier than previously believed.
This intricately crafted harpoon tip is 35,000 years old
Above: The location of Timor, an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia.
In the January 15th issue of the Journal of Human Evolution, researchers led by Australian National University archaeologist Sue O'Connor propose that the ancient inhabitants of Timor used harpoons to hunt large fish from boats. The notion that our ancestors were equipped to make meals of ocean animals 35,000 years ago is not, in itself, surprising; in 2011, another team led by O'Connor reported the discovery of a shelter in East Timor harboring the remains of pelagic and other fish species dating to 42,000 years ago – compelling evidence that early modern humans in the region successfully practiced deep-sea fishing.
This intricately crafted harpoon tip is 35,000 years old
Above: The world's oldest fish hook, Credit: S. O'Connor.
Presented alongside the pelagic-fish-find was the world's earliest definitive evidence for fishhook manufacture – an unmistakably J-shaped crook of carved seashell, dated to between 23,000 and 16,000 years ago. "Capturing pelagic fish such as tuna requires high levels of planning and complex maritime technology," concluded the researchers at the time.
What makes the harpoon head noteworthy, then, is not necessarily its age or its implied use, but its design. At the base of the tip, which measures about one inch in length and half an inch across, are a series of worn notches and residue from a sticky substance. Together, these features suggest the point was secured to a wooden handle with rope and glue in an advanced weapon-making technique known as "hafting."
This intricately crafted harpoon tip is 35,000 years old
Artist Angela Frost reconstructs what the harpoon tip might have looked like bound to the side of a shaft, or the center of a hollow length of bamboo.
O'Connor's team describes the significance of the finding:
The artefact provides the earliest direct evidence for the use of this combination of hafting technologies in the wider region of Southeast Asia, Wallacea, Melanesia and Australasia, and is morphologically unparallelled [sic] in deposits of any age. By contrast, it bears a close morphological resemblance to certain bone artefacts from the Middle Stone Age of Africa and South Asia. Examination of ethnographic projectile technology from the region of Melanesia and Australasia shows that all of the technological elements observed in the Matja Kuru 2 artefact were in use historically in the region, including the unusual feature of bilateral notching to stabilize a hafted point. This artefact challenges the notion that complex bone-working and hafting technologies were a relatively late innovation in this part of the world.
Read the full details of the discovery in the Journal of Human Evolution.
Top photo via O'Connor et al. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57933 | Exclusive! The 2008 Saturn Vue Greenline (Hybrid) And Redline (Not So Much) Live And In The Sheet Metal
We're not afraid to admit at least one of us (that would be me) really digs the new styling of the Saturn Vue. True, it's vaguely jellybean-esque, but it's still so much more appealing to the eyes than the boxy Rubbermaid exterior of the last one, it's hard not to be rooting for the little CUV. We dunno how either the Greenline Hybrid or Redline "performance version" actually perform, but man, we like how they look. Further not helpful lack-of-information-and-deets can be found in the press release below.
Green Line hybrid
The hybrid system on the Vue Green Line combines sophisticated controls with an electric motor/generator mated to a 2.4L four-cylinder engine and a modified four-speed automatic transmission. The system saves fuel by p roviding an electric power assist during acceleration; shutting off the engine at idle; early fuel cut-off during deceleration and capturing electrical energy through regenerative braking. Fuel economy figures for the 2008 Vue will be announced later.
All-new Vue
* MacPherson strut independent front suspension with stabilizer bar
* Independent multi-link rear suspension with stabilizer bar
* Double-isolated engine cradle
* Four-wheel disc brakes with ABS
* GM StabiliTrak electronic stability control
* Traction control
* Hydraulically assisted power steering on V-6 models
* Front-row safety belt pretensioners
* Collapsible pedals
* Active head restraints
* OnStar with one year Safe & Sound service
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57934 | Adam Carolla: Top Gear For "Real Gearheads"
Adam Carolla, car guy, comedian and now, the new host of the US-Spec version of Top Gear, took a break from show-prep to talk to Popular Mechanics about the new NBC show. PopMech manages to get Carolla to reveal a lot about the show, including answers on why the ZR1 isn't top on his list of cars to review, his issues with Transformers (Shh, don't tell Wert!) and a denial of the assertion they can't diss the cars. Basically Carolla says it'll be exactly like the British version. Pop Mech also name-drops Jalopnik in a question about his style. Question and answer back-n-forth below the jump.
PM: As I mentioned, the Internet geeks are already pumped up about the show—my buddies at Jalopnik are already calling you the "proto-Clarkson," and I'm sure fans of your radio show and accompanying blog have been hammering you about which rides you're pulling out of that stacked garage of yours and onto set. But Top Gear in the UK is kind of an online phenomenon in this country to begin with—it's gotten bigger on YouTube than some of your old Man Show tricks. What do you make of that, and are you as into the, well, insane stunts of the original as we are?
There's a ton in this interview, including answers to many of our questions and the possibility of a drive of the BMW M1 Concept . Jeez, hope they get an interior built for it first. Surf on over to for the full scoop. [Popular Mechanics ] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57937 | Anne Lamott Opines On The Political Artist Formerly Known As PalinWriter Anne Lamott hates Sarah Palin so much she's not using her real name anymore. Instead she's calling her "Claw Washout," which is what you get when you type "Sarah" into the Sarah Palin Baby Name Generator (if you type in "Sarah Palin," you get "Flack Gobbler," which calls up the image of our favorite lipsticked pit bull devouring publicists). As much fun as the ol' SPBNG is to play around with (try typing in the names of Frank Zappa's kids for a weird-name match made in Heaven), it may not be a great idea to lift Sarah Palin to the status of She-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named.As always, Anne Lamott has some good ideas. Go out and work for Obama, she advises, and talk about his strengths rather than Palin's (or McCain's) weaknesses. Drink a lot of water. Donate your old clothes to charity. But these are things we should be doing anyway, not because we're so poleaxed by the McCain-Palin ticket that we need some kind of coping strategy. Lamott says Palin fills her with "such existential doubt, such a sense of impending doom and disbelief, that only the Germans could possibly have words for it." And that the Alaskan governor's ignorance "makes anyone of decency feel nauseated — spiritually, emotionally and physically ill." This seems like a classic case of what my mom would call "letting them get to you," which is exactly what you weren't supposed to do to playground bullies, younger siblings, or anyone you hoped to defeat. Or — and perhaps this is more important — anyone you hoped to get along with. Thing is, Alaskans seem to love Sarah Palin — one poll put her approval rating at 80%. And one poll today has McCain getting 48% of the vote, while Obama gets only 47%. This means there are plenty of people — and plenty of decent people, too — who are thinking of voting McCain-Palin. If we want to change their minds, we can't act like their candidates are Lord Voldemort and the Wicked Witch of the West. We need to combat them as people, and to do that we need to call them by their names — even if Flack Gobbler and Claw Washout are funnier. A Call To Arms[Salon] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57939 | Airport Employee Canned After Reporting Abused Dog
Jones' supervisor, who clearly never saw that Sarah McLachlan ASPCA commercial, told her to ignore it and do her job or he'd fire her. She insisted on helping the dog, and finally he sent her to go home. Airport Police intervened and called animal services, which took custody of the dog and nursed it back to health. Legally, officials can't release details on the case, but they say they were "thoroughly disgusted" by the dog's condition. Airport Terminal Services, Jones' former employer, claims she was let go for abandoning her position, but it's investigating her termination. She says she loved her job, "But I just couldn't turn my back on that dog ... My supervisor said it wasn't my concern, but animal abuse is everyone's concern who sees it." Particularly when you're in an industry that's motto is "If you see something, say something."
Image via Eky Studio/Shutterstock. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57966 | Learning bear anatomy the hard way
Student pieces together skeleton for project
Posted: Tuesday, May 23, 2000
The brown bear that rears up at Juneau-Douglas High School also prowls at the University of Alaska Southeast.
Tony Nizich, a science student at UAS who shot the bear near Berners Bay last May, cleaned and put together the 300-piece skeleton as an independent study project.
The skeleton, in an all-fours walking position, is now on display at the university's Egan Library. Nizich's father, Mike, prepared the hide of the same bear for display at JDHS in the customary standing and menacing pose.
The 1,070-pound bear, 9-foot-2 from nose to tail, ended up as a 115-pound skeleton.
``That's one of the most fascinating things,'' Tony Nizich said. ``Here you have a structure so delicate that supports 1,000 pounds.''
Before this project, Nizich had never seen a skeleton of an animal, let alone a bear. ``I've never seen the skeletons of a dinosaur at a museum,'' he said.
After skinning the bear, he put the parts in a freezer while he researched how to clean and preserve the bones. That was half the battle.
Most people who clean bones use flesh-eating beetles, Nizich said, but he couldn't get a colony. So he ended up scraping as much tissue off the bones as he could, then carefully separated, photographed and labeled the bones, and then repeatedly boiled them with solutions to fully clean them.
Each rib and vertebra had to be separated and cleaned. Tony Nizich even pulled the teeth to clean out the periodontal tissue.
He also drilled holes in the bone to drain the oil out of the marrow. ``This bear was sure oily,'' Nizich said.
On his own, Nizich figured out how to build the structure of stainless steel rods, wire and screws that holds the bones together.
Nizich studied photographs and watched videos he had taken of bears to see how their bodies moved when they walked. That helped him position the pliable metal rods that go through the bones and attach them to other bones. Some bones are attached to each other with metal wire or screws. He used silicone to recreate cartilage.
He first connected the back bones, laid them out flat and attached the ribs. Then he built a metal structure to support the rib cage. All of this was then suspended the correct height over the display case's platform so other bones could be attached and braced with metal rods to each other and the platform.
``It's a great way to teach anatomy,'' he added.
Tony Nizich figures he spent 250 hours of hands-on work over eight months, not counting research time. For his eight college credits, he also wrote a paper comparing the brown bear skeleton to a primitive four-legged animal.
The project has given him a new appreciation for bears.
On the one had, he was struck by how similar the bear skeleton is to a human's. On the other hand, he noted the powerful fore limbs and saw the muscle attachments and how much force the bear can apply.
``Everything has a specific function. You can't really do without it,'' he said.
Trending this week:
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57969 | Photo: Ambassador of reading
Posted: Sunday, December 05, 2004
First Lady Nancy Murkowski holds third- and fourth-grade students' attention Friday as she reads "Welcome Comfort" by Patricia Polacco at Mendenhall River Community School. Governors' spouses across the nation participated as "Ambassadors of Reading" in Scholastic Read For 2005. The sixth annual reading initiative is sponsored by Scholastic, a children's publishing and media company.
Trending this week:
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57971 | Libya: Qaddafi, the neighborhood bully? NATO, the mafia?
Fight the Empire
program date:
Thu, 09/15/2011
Per Fagering connecting history with the latest world events focusses on Libya, and ponders "Who's worse, the local thug or a shadowy organization with tentacles everywhere?" He starts out with an article from Afro: "Walter Fauntroy, Feared Dead in Libya, Returns Home—Guess Who He Saw Doing the Killing?"
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57981 | iOS: We've mentioned before that short breaks for activity can do you good, especially if you work in one place all day. Quick Four Minute Workout for iPhone is a new app that will walk you through some simple, no-equipment-needed exercises to help you keep the blood pumping.
Quick Four Minute Workout is based on the Tabata Regimen, a high-intensity interval training method that we've mentioned before. It's geared towards people who are already otherwise active, but are looking for ways to sneak in a little extra activity elsewhere in their daily lives, especially in situations where they may not have equipment to work with. The app features video workouts with instructor-led audio prompts to help you move from one exercise to the next. By the end of the four minutes, you'll have rotated through a full-body set of exercises. The app is free and comes with the workouts, achievements, and videos. If you want higher-definition videos, the instructor-led audio prompts, weight and activity tracking, or more achievements to gamify the experience, they're available via in-app purchase.
If it's at all familiar, the app is developed by the same tema behing the previously mentioned QuickFit seven-minute workout app; so if you have three minutes more to exercise, you might want to check that one out too. In all seriousness, remember that these super-fast workouts are designed to supplement regular exercises, or to help you get active when you'd otherwise be sedentary. They're not a shortcut to losing weight or even getting fit. Still, some activity is always better than none, just go in with your eyes open. Quick Four Minute Workout is available now for free in the iTunes App Store.
Quick Four Minute Workout (Free) | iTunes App Store |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57985 |
RE: Questions/clarification on MKACTIVITY method
From: Clemm, Geoff <[email protected]>
Date: Mon, 12 Mar 2001 17:42:01 -0500
Message-ID: <3906C56A7BD1F54593344C05BD1374B1018E22C6@SUS-MA1IT01>
To: [email protected]
This would by no means be wrong (and in one draft of the protocol
was the *only* way that MKACTIVITY worked). But other members of
the design team felt that it was simpler/better to have this be
under client control, i.e. a client can allocate a GUID for the activity
name if it so desired, but the server's job is just to instantiate
the activity with the name specified by the client.
Personally, I can live with either way, but to minimize protocol
complexity, I'd probably prefer us to support one way or the other
way, but not both (i.e. not add a flag to MKACTIVITY for this).
-----Original Message-----
From: Steve K Speicher [mailto:[email protected]]
One final comment *hopefully* ;-)
>In general, there are multiple modules/servers that handle different
>subtrees at a web site, and often the DAV module will not handle
>"/", but rather some subtree such as "/dav". Assuming that a request
>to "*" gets handled by the module that handles "/", the
>MKACTIVITY request will not be understood. In addition, if there
>are multiple DAV modules handling different parts of the namespace,
>each with its own activity store, it is important that the
>activity gets created in the right activity collection (not something
>that can be inferred from "MKACTIVITY *".
I guess my example was too simple (and wrong perhaps). In order for a
client to find out what activity-collection to use it must first issue an
OPTIONS request with a given URL, say http://repo.dav/dav/ and gets the
property DAV:activity-collections-set. Why couldn't I form a request,
MKACTIVITY /dav/* HTTP/1.1
And get the response (implicity do an OPTIONS request to get
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Location: http://repo.dav/dav/act/123
Or am I completely wrong in thinking it would be a valid operation of a
activity-enabled server to assign an activity identifier using MKACTIVITY?
Most bug-tracking servers have an option/configuration to automatically
assign a number but I'm trying to determine if this is outside the scope of
this protocol.
Thanks again,
Received on Monday, 12 March 2001 17:31:52 UTC
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57990 |
agenda: RDF Data Access 30Aug
From: Dan Connolly <[email protected]>
Date: Mon, 29 Aug 2005 11:12:30 -0500
Message-Id: <1125331950.16011.313.camel@dirk>
1. Convene, take roll, review records and agenda
tel:+1.617.761.6200 code:7333
log to appear:http://www.w3.org/2005/08/30-dawg-irc
regrets: DaveB
scribe: volunteer, please?
record for review:
next meeting: 6 sep. scribe volunteer?
note the following done without discussion:
ACTION: ericP to thank Ivan for his comment
done. http://www.w3.org/mid/[email protected]
continue the following without discussion:
comments on agenda?
It was prepared base on...
$Revision: 1.19 $ of $Date: 2005/08/29 14:06:22 $
v 1.97 2005/08/03 23:04:25
2. comment: Query forms should be resources, not operations
ACTION: KendallC to write another draft response to Mark Baker's comment
and send to WG for possible discussion
3. comment: SPARQL Protocol: inconsistent parameter names
I expect the answer is "yes, this is by design" but since we
received it before deciding to go to last call, we need to make
sure it doesn't introduce an open issue.
4. toward protocol last call
as of this writing: 1.63
application/x-form-encoded in WSDL 2
ACTION: EricP to review protocol document
PROPOSED: that proto-wd 1.63 plus items discussed in this meeting
addresses all outstanding protocol issues and is suitable for
publication as a Last Call Working Draft.
5. Protocol testing
ACTION: DanC to extract and machine-check examples
some progress:
SPARQL protocol spec checking: query syntax checking works Dan Connolly
(Friday, 19 August)
"CONSTRUCT with content negotiation" test case... ready to approve?
Has anyone else tried it?
6. a WSDL 1.1 description of the SPARQL protocol
ETA 2 Sep
still on target for 2 Sep?
protocol stuff, once both are available
7. BASE IRI resolution comment
ACTION: DanC to respond to ericP's "don't normalize" text in rq23
DONE: @@link
ACTION: ericP to send [OK?] message to Bjoern
let's discuss whether we're ready for that now. Hmm... are there
relevant test cases?
8. issues#queryMimeType
ACTION: ericP to update rq23 to include the text of rq23/mime.txt ,
including security concearns
seems done in $Revision: 1.471 $; has anybody taken a look?
9. grammar update
http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/DataAccess/rq23/#grammar 1.470 (or later)
Let's work on test cases to match the changes, especially...
10. issues#badIRIRef
The 1.470 rq23 editor's draft has an implication on protocol.
Let's discuss whether that's what we want.
11. issues#valueTesting: handling type "error"s
branch will return the result of evaluating the other branch."
we have...
ACTION: DaveB to make 'XXI'^^:romanNumeral = 21 and points nearby into
test cases (or ask questions in email).
which is done in that it illustrates the issue nicely...
now... which way does the answer go? like Dave's test
materials (1 result), or like the LC spec (0 results)?
12. issues#valueTesting : "language tag issues"
13. issues#sort, comment ORDER with IRIs
I lost track... I'd like to establish who has the ball on this.
14. Toward SPARQL CR
request for CR needs
- documentation that dependencies are discharged
- we haven't closed the loop with XQuery
- documentation of outstanding dissent
- Network Inference's objection to the BRQL strawman
rather than something XQuery-based is still outstanding.
D3C2 887B 0F92 6005 C541 0875 0F91 96DE 6E52 C29E
Received on Monday, 29 August 2005 16:12:35 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57991 |
following your nose from an RDFa document to the RDFa spec
From: Dan Connolly <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 03 Aug 2006 13:44:13 -0500
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
In the new GRDDL WG, Fabien Gandon recently gave a pointer
to some work on RDFa and GRDDL...
-> http://www-sop.inria.fr/acacia/soft/sweetwiki.html
and especially
In #swig chat[1], Elias reminded me of some RDFa test data
I tried RDFa2RDFXML.xsl on the 000001.htm test and I'm
getting different results from 000001.ttl .
So I wonder if the spec says which one is right, and
I tried to follow my nose to find it.
There doesn't seem to be anything in the 000001.htm
test document that says "this is not just any HTML document;
it's an HTML document with RDF data inside; any RDF triples
you extract per the RDFa spec are indeed meant by the author."
Please add some such signal to the test data, so that
there's a chain of authority from the URI spec
to the HTTP spec to the MIME specs, then somehow
to the RDFa spec, a la
section 3.1.1. Details of retrieving a representation
of webarch
I prefer a GRDDL-compatible signal; i.e. either
(a) change the namespace document
at http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml to refer
to have a GRDDL namespaceTransformation link
to something like RDFa2RDFXML.xsl, or
(b) change the namespace of the 000001.htm document
to something like http://www.w3.org/2006/08/xhtml-rdf
or perhaps http://www.w3.org/2002/06/xhtml2/ per [xhtml2]
and arrange for a namespace document there with
a namespaceTransformation link
to RDFa2RDFXML.xsl , or
(c) add a profile to the 000001.htm document to
an RDFa profile, which has a profileTransformation
link to RDFa2RDFXML.xsl , or
(d) add the GRDDL profile (http://www.w3.org/2003/g/data-view )
to the 000001.htm document and add
<link rel="transformation"
href="http://www-sop.inria.fr/acacia/soft/RDFa2RDFXML.xsl" />
I gather that the draft that was used to prepare the RDF
test data in http://svn.rdflib.net/trunk/test/rdfa/ is
In there, I see
"The aim of RDF/A is to allow [RDF graph]s to be carried in XML
documents of any type."
p.s. the 000001.htm says that it's XHTML 1.0 transitional,
but it has role and property attributes. Hmm... the
validation service says "Sorry, I am unable to validate this document
by this service." So actually, the document doesn't say that
it's XHTML 1.0 transitional; it says that it's plain text.
So following ones nose a la web architecture won't even get
as far as the XML or XHTML specs; it'll stop cold at text/plain.
That's perhaps just a test suite hosting issue, but please let's
do get some real test data where we can follow our nose all the
way thru from the URI of the document thru the stack of
specs to the RDF triples and then thru the URIs in those triples
and so on.
[1] http://chatlogs.planetrdf.com/swig/2006-08-03#T18-18-51
[xhtml2] http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml2/conformance.html#doccont
D3C2 887B 0F92 6005 C541 0875 0F91 96DE 6E52 C29E
Received on Thursday, 3 August 2006 18:44:31 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57993 |
From: jeff cliff <[email protected]>
Date: Sun, 17 Feb 2002 23:50:07 -0500 (EST)
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
To: [email protected]
('binary' encoding is not supported, stored as-is) honourable w3c representative recently i came across a website, (http://www.websitesthatsuck.com), which proudly displays a link to your validator.w3.org service, via a pretty coloured GIF style image entitled "W3C HTML 4.01" with a checkmark vaugely meaning to the viewer that the website in question(listed above), was confirmed by your service as HTML 4.01 certified. I conducted a similar profile using your service on my webpage (http://www.schnits.org/pasttense), only to discover 1) i cant code HTML very well and 2) your service does not offer an HTML 1.0 testing option (which i was aiming for with my current webpage) Thinking about this afterwards, i do realize that somewhere else on the w3c site there is a comment that HTML 1.0 is "HISTORIC". I also realize, from my own experience, that people who create webpages (other than me, i mean), are fairly hard to comeby. but I would also consider HTML 1.0 a simple, direct and easy way to learn HTML. I also equate 1.0 (i may be mistaken) with Text based browsers, which seem to be common in Linux systems, MS-DOS systems, and computers that can be afforded by those, who do not make 7,000$ more than they can spend, can afford(most of the population of the world). Perhaps a html 1.0 option on your validator wouldnt be such a bad idea? in my thinking it may be the easier to write as there would be a lot less requirements to write in. Perhaps my backwards thinking is not standard to anything, and not representative of anyone. If this is the case than merely regard my letter as a friendly suggestion(as i am not nearly proficient enough to code a validator script myself, in any language). jeffrey cliff http://www.schnits.org/pasttense ------------------------------------------------------------ Get your free Nine Inch Nails E-mail at http://www.thefragile.com/ --------------------------------------------------------------------- Express yourself with a super cool email address from BigMailBox.com. Hundreds of choices. It's free! http://www.bigmailbox.com --------------------------------------------------------------------- Received on Monday, 18 February 2002 09:41:51 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57995 |
Re: media mix and universal connectedness
From: Anne Pemberton <[email protected]>
Date: Mon, 17 Sep 2001 20:24:52 -0400
Message-Id: <>
To: Charles McCathieNevile <[email protected]>
Thank you, Charles, you are right!
I am not a person who can interpret music to the same words as
most ... I need to know the title of the piece, or the words if a song ....
but I am not everyone by any means ....
Do agree that sound is often most useful as background, a third
dimension to meaning .... I've tentatively added a background music to our
personal homepage, http://www.erols.com/stevepem, a patriotic tune
appropriate for my mood and the mood of the country .... but other than
that, I only use background music if it has meaning to the content of a
page ..... someday I'll get one of those controls to turn it off and on,
but til then I'm concentrating on when to use it ....
At 08:02 AM 9/17/01 -0400, Charles McCathieNevile wrote:
>Well, like images, sometimes sound is not as helpful, but sometimes it is
>much more helpful. And it is one of the media commonly used to convey things
>that are difficult to express in words or pictures - that's why it is so
>common in movies to have additional sound tracks.
>I am strongly in favour of including it, despite the fact that at the moment
>it is the highest-bandwidth component of much multimedia and is not easily
>Let's start without the assumption that what we do every day is accessible -
>it may or may not be best practise.
>On Sun, 16 Sep 2001, Anne Pemberton wrote:
> I did not include sound files as an equivalent for text, although
> they can function that way, I don't think sound meets needs as well as
> images .... (I am not referring to sound from speech readers, but sound
> files on documents).
Anne Pemberton
Received on Monday, 17 September 2001 20:48:43 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57996 |
Re: using a form field for terms & conditions
From: David Woolley <[email protected]>
Date: Fri, 15 Aug 2003 21:48:10 +0100 (BST)
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
To: [email protected]
> I suppose the assumption is that the terms and conditions are basically a
I doubt that. I think it is simply because they want to enusure that they
are on the page, but know that virtually no-one will read them, and the
rest will be annoyed by having to scroll through them. (Of course, they
have to maintain the fiction that people read them, otherwise, like your
bogus confidentiality notice, they risk having courts take the position that
users weren't really accepting them when they pressed the Accept button.)
As in the other reply, they can't rely on browsers having CSS2 overflow
A very few actually monitor the text box, I seem to remember, and
will not process the accept until you have scrolled through the text.
I agree, though, with the other point that a simple link is probably
undesirable in terms of not being a positive statement of acceptance,
but then neither is a confidentiality notice that is read only after
the unintended recipient has read the confidential message!
> This email is confidential, intended solely for the addressees, and may be
Clearly not true, so why should I believe it contexts where it might be
Received on Saturday, 16 August 2003 15:32:53 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/57999 |
From: Sean B. Palmer <[email protected]>
Date: Fri, 17 Apr 2009 14:45:03 +0100
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
To: Julian Reschke <[email protected]>
ruling that I cited is all about.
> Where exactly is the incompatibility?
Well what I was proposing is that the specification for Link header
extension relations could be done by analogy to XML namespaces. That
would mean that extension relations could:
1. Resolve to nothing, 404ing.
2. Resolve to an information resource, 200ing.
And quite possibly, but not certainly:
3. Resolve to an arbitrary resource, 303ing.
That would be a grey area. In my previous email I thought that it
wouldn't be allowed, that XML namespaces had to be either undefined or
information resources, but I now find this not to be supported by
In this scenario, you're getting a situation where people can create
extension relations which aren't web friendly (1.), and which aren't
RDF compatible (1. and 2.). That's if you take the route of using XML
namespaces as an analogy for how extension relations work in Link.
On the other hand, you could spell it out. You could say, extension
relations must return a 200 or a 303. This would stop people from
getting angry like they did at the XML Special Interest Group's
decision, and prevent the creation of a link-uri list like the old
xml-uri list :-)
But this would also mean that extension relations could be
incompatible with RDF. And in that case, to test whether an extension
relation is compatible you'd have to dereference it. This is arguably,
therefore, not a good solution.
Or you could say, extension relations must return a 303. Then it would
be web friendly and RDF compatible, but it would make extension
relations harder to implement. So this too has a problem.
If the IANA want their registered relation type URIs to be compatible
with RDF, they'll have to make them return 303s too.
If you just have the specification be silent about the issue of what
extension relations identify on the web, then people will ask the
question. It is a slippery area, but you can't avoid it if you're
using URIs in this way.
> Section 2.2 does not mention RDF at all. Could you please be
> more specific?
§ 2.2 defines an information resource, and if you compare that with
the definition of property in the RDF Concept, Schema, and Semantics
recommendations, you'll find them to be incompatible.
Note that § 2.2's definition of “information” is quite strict, as can
be seen from the fact that it doesn't even consider a printed document
to be information that has high fidelity to a message.
Avoiding this altogether may be a good idea, as you suggest. But can
you suggest a way to avoid it that doesn't ditch the use of URIs as
extension relations altogether? Otherwise, these difficulties will
have to be addressed.
I'd prefer reversed domain names, but it's just a suggestion.
Kindest regards,
Received on Friday, 17 April 2009 13:45:43 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58001 |
Re: Hints on fields
From: Roland Merrick <[email protected]>
Date: Fri, 16 Apr 2004 18:02:32 +0100
To: Robert Bateman <[email protected]>
Message-ID: <OF4442F7A0.3E9F96A6-ON80256E78.005C3925-80256E78.005D9BC0@uk.ibm.com>
Greetings, you are correct that there is nothing specific defined. Both
hint and help are defined with their equivalent <message>.
A hint is defined as being "ephemeral", this means that a user may not
have to take any explicit action to have the message appear or disappear.
In a GUI environment such as a PC class browser hints could be implemented
as tooltips, hover help or whatever work you use to describe such a thing
and are similar to how the title attribute is handled for html elements
such as <img title="basket of apples">. In other environments such as
speech browsers the hint might be given after a delay in responding to a
Help is defined as "modal", this will require explicit user action to get
rid of the help that they requested. This could appear in a pop-up window
that needs to be closed when finished with.
Regards, Roland
Robert Bateman <[email protected]>
Sent by: [email protected]
16/04/2004 17:36
Hints on fields
I was looking the the 1.0 spec. for information on how hint and help
should be
implemented. What I was specifically looking to see, was if the spec
indicates the "life" of the message(s) that are displayed when hint or
is included in a form.
I didn't notice anything specific. Did I not see something specific?
Bob Bateman
Received on Friday, 16 April 2004 13:03:31 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58003 |
RE: Embedding fonts
From: Todd Fahrner <[email protected]>
Date: Mon, 11 May 1998 17:09:00 -0700
Message-Id: <v03102802b17d3432f5f2@[]>
To: Simon Daniels <[email protected]>, [email protected]
Cc: [email protected]
Simon Daniels wrote (2:35 PM -0700 5/11/98):
" The point at which antialiasing is switched on and off by Windows is decided
" by the type designer.
...for the relatively *very few* typefaces whose designers are alive and
have been actively engaged with the realization of their faces as TrueType.
For the rest it's ... something else.
" They set values in the font's GASP table in ppem sizes
" (pixel per em) not points.
I am very glad to learn this, thank you. I found the Win95 font information
widget misleading in that it reported point ranges at which these policies
applied. So if I change my logical resolution, it will report different
point ranges?
" There seem to be two camps when it comes to antialiasing. On one side there
" was the Legibility is Everything Brigade (favoring the gridfit + hint +
" antialias approach) and the Wysiwyg is King Crew (throw the hints away and
" antialias). It would be nice if future operating systems/CSS let the
" user/designer choose between these two approaches.
Agreed. I have yet to see any credible scientific evidence to support the
thesis that non-anti-aliased type is more legible than anti-aliased, though
legibility may indeed be the flag that flies over that camp.
" If you like you prefer fluffy type, antialiased at all sizes, you can run
" your fonts through a little tool that sets the GASP to smooth at all sizes -
" http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lakes/8162/. The resulting font could
" be embedded.
Mmmmm fluf-fy. <g> Thanks!
Todd Fahrner
- El Lissitzky, 1923
Received on Monday, 11 May 1998 20:00:59 GMT
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58004 |
From: Levantovsky, Vladimir <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 11 Nov 2008 19:05:20 -0500
Message-ID: <E955AA200CF46842B46F49B0BBB83FF2767C38@wil-email-01.agfamonotype.org>
To: "Tab Atkins Jr." <[email protected]>, "Gustavo Ferreira" <[email protected]>
Cc: <[email protected]>
On Tuesday, November 11, 2008 5:24 PM Tab Atkins Jr. wrote:
<[email protected]> wrote:
- i thought this whole discussion started because we all
(software-developers, web-designers, content-producers, type-designers)
want to improve typography on the web and have more fonts available.
It did. Even a solution which focuses solely on free fonts
would accomplish this, however, as our current choices are *severely*
Would you agree that this solution would also be *severely*
discriminatory, both for web content developers and font vendors ?
I don't think W3C community should accept such a limited
solution, especially because we know we can do better.
- come up with a mechanism to check license permissions
in fonts and help us to protect against piracy, and we will all see a
golden age for web-typography! our job is to design high-quality fonts,
and given the production in recent years, i think we are doing it very
Given that we have bits in the font-file that already tell us
the license permissions, that part is done. If we *just* wanted to
protect against piracy, it's simple enough for the browsers to just
refuse any linked font with those bits set.
"Don't use a cannon to kill mosquito" ;-)
It's coming up with an acceptable mechanism that allows one to
*use* the fonts with those bits set that is the difficult problem, and I
have no issue with working through this as we are. Devil's in the
details, you know. ^_^
Thank you! I salute you for this!
Received on Wednesday, 12 November 2008 00:05:09 GMT
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58008 | Re: ISINDEX on documents
Tim Berners-Lee (
Mon, 16 Nov 92 15:18:18 +0100
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 92 15:18:18 +0100
From: Tim Berners-Lee <>
Message-Id: <>
Subject: Re: ISINDEX on documents
> Date: Fri, 13 Nov 92 09:42:56 GMT
> From: "KHOADLEY" (KHOADLEY at UKACRL) <>
> There seems little reason to me for the ISINDEX tag. Searching consists of
> two components: the client constructing a list of queries designed to
> retrieve the relevant information, and the server receving and processing
> those queries. Once you start to consider a single user initiated search
> generated multiple queries there seems to be little point in tieing searches
> down to particular tagged documents.
> (of course once a search generates multiple queries it can receive multiple
> replies. AS these replies could come from different servers it becomes the
> responsibility of the client end to aggregate the replies into something
> useful to return to the user: a selection panel for instance).
Every seach needs to search SOMETHING. Like it has to search a particular
database or index. Some servers support thousands of "virtual" indexes. How
can you express this in a search? The answer is that indexes are names just
like documents. we then have a convention that if you try to retrieve an index
as a document, you get back a description of it. This latter is something
missing for example from WAIS where you have to look up the SOURCE file for a
database in a totally differents server which may be out of sync (and, being
centralized, doesn't scale).
If you regard a query as something which is just thrown at the server, then you
can't allow a ruch enough world of virtual search servers. This was a problem
with the gopher protocol which causes the Gopher guys to make a
non-back-compatible sudden change in the protocol spec to introduce an index
> I'd like to see the ISINDEX tag dropped: the client is free to construct
> whatever queries they wish, using the existing HTTP query mechanism.
> Instead of the ISINDEX tag, I think we need an INPUT tag. ISINDEX is quite
> used for purposes other than searching, eg. for "smart" documents or
> to calculate square roots ! (an example familiar to those at the HEPix
> meeting ...). However using a tag that appears to have been intended for
> search purpose for something different is confusing to the end user: ie
> the page asks for the value you wish to square root, whilst the client
> prompts you for a string to search for ....
> Perhaps the following could be useful:
> <INPUT VAR=x>Please enter your name</INPUT>
> <DONEINPUT>
> ie a series of input fields with associated labels, and a button to say
> you have finished and now send the query. This opens the possibility
> of forms based pages generating smart documents. How you send the input is
> a different matter; maybe:
> http://somehost.somewhere/some/path?x=xxxx+y=yyyy+z=zzzz
This is the tip of the iceberg. I think the onlywy to do it generally is (see
my previous message) to have typed queries, and generic editors for them.
The case above would become something like
The type would also be retrievable like a document, and if you had a generic
query language language, you would get back a description of the query language
supported. A generic client could use that to generate the form to be filled in
by a user.
> Kevin Hoadley, Rutherford Appleton Lab,
Tim Berners-Lee |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58009 |
From: Jim Hendler <[email protected]>
Date: Mon, 18 Feb 2002 16:26:40 -0500
Message-Id: <p05101413b89721796b02@[]>
At 4:10 PM -0500 2/18/02, Dan Brickley wrote:
>On Mon, 18 Feb 2002, Pat Hayes wrote:
>> >> The term ontology may be unfamiliar to many readers of
>> >> this document.
>> >>
>> >> That seems superfluous. I suggest striking it.
>> >>
>> >> This notion of ontologies comes from Artificial Intelligence,
>> >> where ontologies are used to allow heterogeneous systems to
>> >> exchange and reason with information.
>> >>
>> >> I'd suggest either citing specific work in this area
>> >> or striking the reference to Artificial Intelligence.
>> I agree. In any case, you could equally well cite data modelling
>> languages, say; and the basic ideas go back way before AI if you want
>> to get historical, at least to the 1940s and maybe the 1880s.
>On the prior art front, it wouldn't do any harm to chuck in a nod to
>...though wouldn't want to overstretch the historical parallel or we'll
>find ourselves listing everyone who has every thought about cateogies,
>taxonomies and formal models.
I'd like to suggest we have no specific references (and thus strike
the AI one), I'm open to some sort of on-line repository for
citations where we point the reader in this document, but I think we
want to make it clear that there is a long history to this, and if we
start trying to cite all relevant work we will never finish. A note
that there is much work we are not citing, and a pointer to web space
where that list is/grows is fine. Most W3C documents don't have
much in the way of citations, and this document seems to me a
particularly inappropriate place to start.
Professor James Hendler [email protected]
Director, Semantic Web and Agent Technologies 301-405-2696
AV Williams Building, Univ of Maryland College Park, MD 20742
Received on Monday, 18 February 2002 16:26:47 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58016 | Records show Bush wrote IOC voters
Published: Monday, May 10, 1999
Bush also videotaped a two-minute message that Atlanta organizers presented to the International Olympic Committee during its final bid presentation in September 1990 in Tokyo.
Such conduct by a head of state is not unusual in the bid process, and no wrongdoing has been linked to Bush's actions.
The records are being examined to see if they contain evidence of corruption such as that uncovered in Salt Lake City's successful bid for the 2002 Winter Games.
Atlanta beat out Athens, Toronto and Birmingham, England, for the 1996 Summer Games.
The records show Atlanta organizers also enlisted the State Department, then-Vice President Dan Quayle and then-Sen. Sam Nunn.
The nine boxes are a fraction of 4,000 boxes of Olympic documents kept by the athletics foundation, which Payne founded to spearhead Atlanta's bid.
The Journal-Constitution and the foundation are in a legal dispute regarding the release of the rest of the records.
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58033 | Springloaded pin designs with detents permit one-handed operation. The fully removable pins provide an alternative where captive hinge pins are not needed.
The hinges are available in zinc-plated steel, 300-Series stainless steel, and engineered plastic materials. They come in sizes ranging from 0.87 to 5.91 in. For greater stability, most models are available with dual hinge points. For lightweight applications, a noncorrosive, nonconducting engineered plastic design is also available.
Frame leaf hinges for both flat frames and formed frames use a choice of through-hole or welded mounting options. Users can specify the appropriate flat or formed style to suit their needs.
Southco Inc., Box 0116, 210 N. Brinton Lake Rd., Concordville, PA 19331, (610) 459-4000, southco.com |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58036 | The Full Wiki
Darra Adam Khel: Map
Wikipedia article:
Map showing all locations mentioned on Wikipedia article:
Gun workshop.
Darra Adam Khel (Urdu/ ) is a town in the North-West Frontier Provincemarker of Pakistanmarker, located between Peshawarmarker and Kohatmarker, very close to the Federally Administered Tribal Areasmarker. It is inhabited by Pashtuns of the Afridi clan, the Adam Khel. The town consists of one main street lined with shops, with some alleys and side streets containing workshops.
Darra Adam Khel is devoted entirely to the production of ordnance. Located in between Kohat and Peshawar, a wide variety of firearms are produced in the town, from anti-aircraft guns to pen-guns. Weapons are handmade by individual craftsmen using traditional manufacturing techniques, usually handed down father-to-son. The quality of the guns is generally high and craftsman are able to produce replicas of almost any gun. Guns are regularly tested by test-firing into the air. Darra is controlled by the local tribesmen.
Foreigners were once allowed to visit the town if they had a permit, obtainable from the Home Office in Peshawar (permits are no longer issued due to 'security concerns', however it is possible to take the Peshawar-Kohat bus and get off at the town, which will usually also involve being sent back by the local tribal police called 'khasadars'). Some 'fixers' in Peshawar offer to arrange a visit for a considerable sum. In this case a bodyguard will accompany visitors whilst they are in the town, and it may be possible to test-fire weapons for a small fee. Technically visitors can buy guns, though they will usually be confiscated by guards as the sellers inform them. Difficulties can only sometimes be avoided by judicious use of 'baksheesh' (bribes). As of early 2008 Darra Adam Khel has been the site of skirmishes between militants and the army, making visits by Westerners highly dangerous endeavors.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58038 | Social Media
Google Founder's Inspirational Commencement Speech (Video)
Google co-founder Larry Page delivered the Spring 2009 commencement address at the University of Michigan yesterday, the same university at which he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in computer engineering. Page used the opportunity to humbly tell the story of his success, along with that of Google itself.
The speech, which we discovered via Pulse2, includes Page's musings on Google's birth:
You can read the full text on the Google press page. Google also apologizes for the lack of sound between 0:43 and 2:28 - you'll need to skip past that part.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58043 | Social Media
The Facebook IPO Timeline
If the Facebook IPO were a real person, we certainly wouldn't blame it for posting braggy status updates. This infographic, created by our friends at, imagines the road leading up to the decade's most-anticipated initial public offering, as if it were documented on its own Facebook Timeline.
As a Facebook user, give yourself a pat on the back for helping the company make it this far. You are one of 900 million, and you spend an average of 20 minutes per day surfing the network. That means Facebook's usership logs 16,000 years of combined time on the platform per day.
Over time as a Facebook user, you've become worth an average of $100 to the company. Not too shabby, considering Instagram and Twitter users amount to only $30 and $70 each, respectively.
And once you realize that the price per Facebook share will cost about the same as an all-you-can-eat buffet for two at Sizzler ($28-$35), you might consider celebrating your hand in Facebook's unprecedented success.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58046 | Golf War Demo
Total votes: 10
Golf War is the sports action game you've always wanted to play!
Set in the war torn Middle East, you'll play as Master Seargent Charles "Chip" Anderson. A soldier hell bent on some rest and relaxation after years of conflict. While the other soldiers sit in barracks and play LAN games, Chip takes his need for adrenaline one step further!
Grab your golf club and jump into this six level demo for "Golf War". The demo includes two cities for you to run, jump and most importantly, golf your way to victory.
Golf War was created to fulfill the requirements of the final project for the Bachelor of Games and Interactive Entertainment at the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58048 | What is meta? ×
SE has specific flagging reasons, not to make it possible to flag (we already have that with custom flags), but to give guidance on valid reasons to flag.
The "Not an Answer" flag comes with a description that implies its proper use (which I suspect that many people don't read or simply ignore):
In other words, the OP is trying to add additional information to their question in an answer, someone is trying to communicate with another user in an answer, someone is posting a new question, or someone is posting nonsense.
"Not an Answer" flags are widely abused to mean "wrong answer" or "I don't like or agree with the answer". This is a problem for the Review Audits algorithm, because sometimes it gets things wrong when moderators dismiss such flags as helpful. It is also a problem for the mods, who now have to take extra time to figure out what is really wrong with the post, take the appropriate moderator action, and then decline the flag (it also modifies their workflow, since they are declining a flag in contravention to the moderator action).
Perhaps it is time that, instead of hinting at the correct uses of Not an Answer, we should simply spell them out, and leave custom flags for the remaining cases. So our flagging dialog would now contain these specific radio buttons to choose from:
• it is spam (an unsolicited commercial advertisement)
• it is offensive, abusive, or hate speech
• it should be edited into the question
• it is an attempt to communicate with some other user (should be a comment)
• it is a new question
• it is not in English, cat on keyboard, or other nonsense
• other (needs ♦ moderator attention)
share|improve this question
Add a WRONG ANSWER reason and allow people to flag it but don't be silly enough to actually push those in a queue... just discard these flags as soon as the GUI disappears ;) – user221081 Mar 4 '14 at 23:04
@mehow, but then users may not downvote, which is the correct course of action – mhlester Mar 4 '14 at 23:06
Link-only answers? Just about every candidate in the last election listed link-only answers as targets for deletion, some were quite passionate about the matter. – chappjc Mar 4 '14 at 23:06
@mhlester people don't usually downvote because they are not aware that bad answers usually get deleted and they get that 1 rep point back...those who do downvote (reasonably) I adore and admire!:) – user221081 Mar 4 '14 at 23:10
@chappjc: I would be fine with people using a custom flag for link-only answers. The purpose here would be to stop people from using "Not an Answer" flags for link-only answers. – Robert Harvey Mar 4 '14 at 23:11
One source of confusion I've seen is whether NAA means "NAA by global standards" or "NAA by per-site rules". For example, if a site has a back-it-up rule and an answer doesn't, some call that NAA and other don't and things get confusing. If we're going to rework NAA, can we address this issue? – Monica Cellio Mar 4 '14 at 23:15
Perhaps Shog9's answer is out of date. In his answer one bullet listed a problem and flag: "Makes no effort to answer the question (perhaps an answer lies at the end of the link; perhaps it does not)? Not an answer" – chappjc Mar 4 '14 at 23:15
@MonicaCellio: That doesn't sound like NAA to me. It sounds like an answer without references. If the site regularly deletes such answers, then it's a custom flag: "Answer doesn't contain references." – Robert Harvey Mar 4 '14 at 23:18
@chappjc: If you're referring to link-only answers, I really prefer that folks call those out specifically. Not an Answer doesn't tell the moderator anything about why a link-only answer was flagged, and those kinds of answers are already controversial anyway. – Robert Harvey Mar 4 '14 at 23:28
@UpAndAdam: In this feature request, I propose to remove the NAA flag entirely, so it will no longer matter. For situations like the one you described, a downvote is the best course of action. – Robert Harvey Mar 4 '14 at 23:38
@TravisJ: You mean "it's not an answer, but it doesn't meet any of the specific criteria for 'not an answer?'" If it's harmful enough to merit deletion, cast a custom moderator flag and explain the problem. Otherwise, just downvote. – Robert Harvey Mar 5 '14 at 2:34
@RobertHarvey - I probably wont see it since I don't see custom flags, and probably will not encounter it in the wild very often either (I would action it if I saw it). More than likely users will not understand to cast a custom flag. I rarely see the custom close reason used. The end result is that more of this content will remain with no attention - more than likely without any downvotes either. – Travis J Mar 5 '14 at 3:49
@RobertHarvey - After reviewing about 5 pages of flags I do think I see where you are coming from. There does not seem to be a need for "attempt to answer the question" when the reasons you propose exist. It would seem a majority of the flagged content should either be a comment, merged into the question, or is an answer asking a question similar to extending a forum thread. – Travis J Mar 5 '14 at 7:15
Related: Add a deactivated “wrong answer” flag option. – hims056 Mar 5 '14 at 7:40
Maybe a dead horse I'm abusing, but just maybe the reputation loss is why people are resorting to flags or close requests instead of downvotes. – Jacob Mar 5 '14 at 9:21
1 Answer 1
The problem with the guidance on the “not an answer” flag isn't only that people don't read, it's also understood differently by different people. We've had many debates on MSO as to whether it covers things such as
• gibberish (if a post is completely incomprehensible, does it “attempt to answer the question”?)
• statements (whether true or false) that address a related question but not the question that was asked — when does it stop being a failed attempt at an answer due to misunderstanding the question, and start being unrelated musings from someone who thought they were posting on a discussion forum?
• posts with only a link and no other information — does that count as answering, and if so, does pointing someone towards Rome count as having driven them there?
I've proposed to overhaul not-an-answer/very-low-quality flags before. I think our proposals work well together: make flagging more specific, and let the community handle some types of flags.
I would structure the flagging dialog a bit differently, with two levels. Like closing and question flagging works now, selecting an option at the first level brings up the corresponding second-level options.
• It is spam
• It is offensive, abusive, or hate speech
• It is an attempt to communicate with another user
• check box: it should be converted to a comment on [box, prefilled with the question, allowing selecting an answer instead]
• It should be deleted because … [essentially, the current choices in the very low quality queue]
• it is a “thank you” comment
• it is a different question posted as an answer
• [not for self-answers] it is a “I'm having this problem too” comment
• [only for self-answers] it should have been an edit to the question [guidance: perform the edit first]
• it is merely a link with no other information
I like Shog9's guidance proposal: “It is impossible to identify the solution presented in this answer without following a link to an external site.”
• it is incomprehensible
[note that “not in English” isn't right here, or else has to be customized per site]
• it is completely unrelated to the question
[I'm not sure how to word this, or whether it is needed at all (as opposed to a custom flag). This is for a class of answers where VLQ tends to be used now, where the answer has absolutely nothing to do with the question. This could perhaps be lumped with “is a different question” or with “incomprehensible”.]
• It is wrong [which doesn't flag, but brings a popup telling the user to downvote instead]
(I wonder if “it is urgent” should be another honeypot… Is it a problem outside SO?)
• other (needs ♦ moderator attention)
share|improve this answer
That's a lot of dialog options. Complicated menus hamper usability. – Servy Mar 5 '14 at 19:02
The "it is wrong" flag honeypot seems like it might save a fair bit of confusion. – Josh Caswell Mar 5 '14 at 19:17
youtube.com/… – George Stocker Mar 5 '14 at 19:35
@Servy I know, I'm a bit worried about this. Suggestions to lump options together without compromising guidance would be welcome. It isn't worse than the current close dialog though (which has slightly fewer options in total but one more level). – Gilles Mar 5 '14 at 20:07
I like the "it is wrong" honeypot, but how would you handle users that don't have the downvote privilege? – Troyen Mar 5 '14 at 21:28
@Troyen Like the VLQ canned comments now: show a different message, here saying that when you reach X rep you'll be able to downvote. – Gilles Mar 5 '14 at 21:32
@Troyen - Or don't do anything special. Encourage the user to downvote. If they attempt to downvote with insufficient reputation, the system will encourage them to gain more reputation. – JDB Mar 5 '14 at 22:12
One thing narrowly missed by this: an answer to "How does string concatenation with the + operator work?" saying "String builders are faster!" - Not an answer in the slightest, but doesn't appear to clearly meet any particular current option. – doppelgreener Mar 5 '14 at 23:50
@JonathanHobbs It already doesn't fall under any heading now, except possibly the super-fuzzy VLQ-with-no-applicable-canned-comment. So I'd say flag as “other”. Though arguably it falls under “attempt to communicate with the asker”. – Gilles Mar 6 '14 at 0:01
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58071 | Submitted by Nyxus 1066d ago | opinion piece
Metal Gear Countdown: Top 5 Most Bitter Characters
The Metal Gear series is praised for its characters, characters who are more than cannon fodder or obstacles for the player to fight, who have desires and emotions, and specific views on the world. But who are the most sad, depressing and sorrowful of the bunch? Here are the five most bitter characters in the series. (Culture, Metal Gear Series, Metal Gear Solid, Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons Of Liberty, Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, PS2, PS3)
Jio + 1066d ago
This is nice...isn't it.
listenkids + 1066d ago
Army_of_Darkness + 1066d ago
what the hell?!?!
where is Sephiroth in this list?!?!? along with every Metal gear solid boss!.... and also ex wives.
#1.1.1 (Edited 1066d ago ) | Agree(0) | Disagree(0) | Report
Ducky + 1066d ago
Don't agree with the Sorrow.
He's always smiling in MGS3.
MiamiACR21 + 1066d ago
I don't believe you understand the definition of 'Bitter'.
Ducky + 1066d ago
Well, he doesn't look angry, and he's a passive character overall as well (even helps Snake on an occasion).
Aside from his name, he seems like a pretty cool guy who floats around and isn't afraid of anything.
DarkBlood + 1066d ago
not much harm can come to a dead person who obviously not afraid of anything being dead n all :P
Nyxus + 1066d ago
Well, he does seem rather bitter to me. He lives among the dead and sees their sorrow, and hears their screams which the living cannot hear. Also, he cries blood. :P
Summons75 + 1066d ago
I think Big Boss earned the right to be bitter after everything he has gone through
FinaLXiii + 1066d ago
Psycho Mantis is the number one no mgs fan denies that
#4 (Edited 1066d ago ) | Agree(2) | Disagree(0) | Report | Reply
RowSand + 1066d ago
Nyxus + 1066d ago
I was thinking whether or not to include him, but I found these five to be better fits.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58074 | Submitted by PositiveEmotions 697d ago | news
Survey: Average UK gamer is married, 35, earns £23k
That's according to a survey, conducted by gaming social network Pixwoo, of 2000 Brits who have identified themselves as gamers. (Casual games, PS3, PS4, Wii U)
Maddens Raiders + 697d ago
Sounds about right. /gamers/ are all old now. :)
#1 (Edited 697d ago ) | Agree(18) | Disagree(0) | Report | Reply
TheSaint + 697d ago
Who you calling old!
Even if I am.
Gamer1982 + 697d ago
I'm 31 Married, from UK and earn about 13k a year lol.
CRAIG667 + 697d ago
Wages in the UK have become a complete joke, there is hardly any difference between skilled and unskilled salary, may as well work at McDonalds...
I am 32 and have been lucky with what I earn but for years I struggled...
-Married with 3 kids.
#1.2.1 (Edited 697d ago ) | Agree(11) | Disagree(1) | Report
nukeitall + 697d ago
That is the problem with non-capitalistic society. In the US, McDonalds workers get close to minimum wage. Skilled labor gets more and labor that requires usage of your brain gets handsomely rewarded.
That is why I love the US capitalistic system. It rewards hard work, instead of distributing wealth to people that don't want to achieve.
Unfortunately, I know live in Europe where this is ever present almost everywhere. Germany is the only country I have had personal contact with that seems to be highly capitalistic.
That said, it doesn't surprise me gamers get low wages. There was a study that found gamers to in general have lower wages, poorer careers and family stability than non-gamers.
I'm a gamer, but I recognize the issue. After all, when I do play, I can't stop!!!
lauren12saldivar 697d ago | Spam
Rowdius_Maximus + 697d ago
There is a massive new generation of gamers coming who are about 17-25 now
andibandit + 697d ago
How so?
SniperControl + 697d ago
And all they play is cod games.
I have at some point in my life owned an Atari 2600, Spectrum 128k, Nintendo Snes, Sega Megadrive, Commodore Amiga, Nin 64, GBA, Sega Saturn, PS1, PS2, PS3, PSP, PS Vita, X360. I also have a high end gaming PC. I pre-ordered the PS4 back in Feb.
I am what you would call a TRUE gamer.
LoveSpuds + 697d ago
With the exception of the Sega Saturn you have the same track record as me chief :)
I reached 38 a few days ago and weirdly, I earn £23,300PA. Always thought I was special, turns out I am an average Joe :D
torchic + 697d ago
so because you were born earlier that makes you a "truer" gamer?
I'm 20 now, and I've basically grown up with a controller in my hand, and I think I can speak for a vast majority of kids around my age. I first started with knock off Sonic and assorted classic Nintendo games at about age 5, switched to PlayStation at age 7 and have owned every available Sony console ever since, barring Vita and PS4. there was a giant boom of young video gamers born in the 90s obviously due to the popularity of PSone and have therefore lived through undoubtedly gaming's best two generations so I think younger gamers are true gamers as well.
and on the issue of CoD, majority of the time it's older gamers who rip on CoD because I guess at that age the reflexes aren't as sharp
#3.2.2 (Edited 697d ago ) | Agree(2) | Disagree(1) | Report
sourav93 + 697d ago
So just because you've been gaming longer than most people, mostly because you were born earlier, makes you a "TRUE" gamer? And all of us who were born in the 90s and only had the pleasure of starting out gaming with a PlayStation, we're just phonies? Gamer logic right there....*correction* TRUE gamers are smarted than that. They don't care when they or anyone else started gaming.
Picnic + 697d ago
True gamers knew that Atari consoles were an expensive waste of time.
SniperControl + 697d ago
^^^To the peeps above
I have just read what i have wrote and it came out all wrong.
What i meant to say was that i have been gaming a long time and played thousands of games, i just feel that a lot of young gamers today just play COD/Halo MP all the time and don't experience anything else gaming has to offer. I know a couple of lads from work, who just own a 360 and a copy of COD or Halo for MP & nothing else.
I agree, to be a gamer you have to start somewhere, be it an Atari 2600 or a PS4, but to be a true gamer you have to look beyond COD & Halo and truly experience the highs & lows of other games, i'am not saying MP is bad, just try something else.
Jesus, i remember COD when it was a WW2 SP shooter, that was a truly epic game.
I used to play COD MP on my X360 years ago, but got f~#ked off with the constant abuse from 12 year old little shits, ruined the whole MP experience for me.
SniperControl + 697d ago
Wow, i am 38 as well lol, fortunately i work in the IT industry & my wages are quite higher than the average, but i worked bloody hard to get there, just so my little 4 year old lad can experience gaming the way i did when i was growing up.
Although he did proclaim to me the other day that "Xbox was rubbish" & that the PS4 was going into his bedroom. lol
SniperControl + 697d ago
True gamers know, with out the Atari 2600 success, there would be no consoles today. LOL
Tultras + 697d ago
Like me! I'm 17.
And yes, I play COD all day long, problem?
I find that COD the best replay value, it's multiplayer is simply really good. That said I Have played a plethora of different games None of them keep have kept me hooked longer than COD sadly.
#3.3 (Edited 697d ago ) | Agree(7) | Disagree(15) | Report | Reply
CRAIG667 + 697d ago
Tried Borderlands 2?
csreynolds + 697d ago
I find it hard to believe that you play "a plethora of different games" if you think CoD has the best replay value. Many of the greatest games in terms of longevity and replayability are not products of Activision, Infinity Ward or Treyarch...
hay + 697d ago
COD is good for starters, but it's like sitting on a shallow end of the pool wearing a life vest. You can dip your arse there and enjoy it, sure, it's water, it's wet, it covers some of your body.
But to have a full blast, one just needs to learn to swim and go to the deep end and dive a bit.
Tultras + 696d ago
Haven't tried borderlands 2, right now, apart from COD with friends, i am playing NFS:MW and after that TLOU.
I never said COD has the 'best' replay value, just that its multiplayer is really good and keeps me hooked to the game 'longer' than most. Even though i can't really see the appeal to the game, its just addicting, in some ways.
Also, i only got my PS3 in late 2011, so i was a little late to the game, but i have played ( apart from COD ):
Killzone 3, uncharted 2/3, resistance 2/3, deadspace 2, Fifa series ( currently playing 13. ) Skyrim, dark souls, GT5 ( sadly, haven't played the full game, just the prologue version ), NFS:MW, Kingdoms of amalur, Spiderman:web of shadows, Batman: AC, Battlefield 3, Crysis 2, Twisted metal, Mass effect 3, CS:GO, littlebigplanet, and many others.
Most of them are better than COD, leagues better, but what i mean to say is; they don't keep me playing longer than COD, for the duration i play them, they appeal to me much better than COD.
#3.3.4 (Edited 696d ago ) | Agree(0) | Disagree(0) | Report
nick309 + 697d ago
This gamer must marry a girl gamer to finish the month and afford all good games.
abcde12345 + 697d ago
Girl gamers are awesome!
MikeyDucati1 + 697d ago
I wonder what NA stats are like. Cause it seems like the average gamer over here is 13-15 and of course, has no job. I could be ignorant but I'm a gamer from the Atari days and some of my buddies look at me weird that I still play videogames with pretty much the same passion as my youth.
PositiveEmotions + 697d ago
I been playing video games since i was 7 years old and now ima grown man and i still play video games. I too have the same passion for video games
insomnium2 + 697d ago
Yeah some of the people from our age group (30 somethings) still has that mentality that gaming is only for children. They are stuck in the nes-era when all the games LOOKED childish. smh.
CRAIG667 + 697d ago
I too have been playing since the C64 days, but alot of my friends are gamers too, perhaps not to the same extent as me but gamers non the less.
I do still meet people who say "games are for kids" and to them I just point out the fact that I would rather be using my brain than sat in front of a mindless TV show having my brain numbed, that not to say I dont enjoy the odd mind numbing TV show! FAMILY GUY RULES!
SITH + 697d ago
Sounds right to me.
35 years old
$51,140 a year
Retired disabled veteran.
insomnium2 + 697d ago
Sounds like you are doing quite well money-wize and to think that you are only 4 years older than me and retired.
I work all day every day almost and I get around 30-33k euros/year for it.
The best part is that everything is so damn expensive here in Finland. Gas is 1.68 euros per litre (that's about 11.4 euros per 100 kilometers driving with my car).
Our monthly expenses are about 250 euros for gas, 800-1000 euros for food (I have a wife and 3 kids plus lots of pets), 500 euros for our house and insurances (an old ass house from the 1920s).
Then there is electricity that is 120 euros per summer months but can be up to 420 euros PER MONTH in the cold season. Then there are cellphones, ISP, other car related payments (just had to buy 4 new tires for 500 euros), etc. etc. Needless to say we are struggling to make ends meet and I'm never home cause I work even on weekends. One of our children is a baby girl and all the time I'm at home I spend it with her and our other kids (8 and 10yo).
#6.1 (Edited 697d ago ) | Agree(3) | Disagree(0) | Report | Reply
PositiveEmotions + 697d ago
Yeah and family friends from our age (30 something) dont understand that the people whi make games are in their 20's and up so age does not matter imo
gaelic_laoch + 697d ago
I still remember having half the street over to my house playing Pole Position on the Atari!!!! When I croak it I will have a Gamepad in my cold dead hands!!! WHY STOP NOW!!!!!
#8 (Edited 697d ago ) | Agree(5) | Disagree(0) | Report | Reply
Sketchy_Galore + 697d ago
Ah, it feels rad to be one of those fresh faced youngsters of just 30 years old. These typical gamers are so out of touch, talking to me about the original model ZX Spectrum when I'm all like, 'Dude, that's way before my time. I played the redesigned ZX Spectrum with the floppy disc drive that came out five years later. Step off old man, your bogus vibes are harshing my buzz'. Those dudes will never understand people like me who are still young, and unmarried... and unemployed.
green + 697d ago
I am 32, earn more than 23k, not married and only have like 5 hours in a week to game. Miss my uni days when I could game for 10hours a day if I wanted.
#10 (Edited 697d ago ) | Agree(3) | Disagree(0) | Report | Reply
skwidd + 697d ago
Im 33
And make 77000
I sometimes feel I dont make enough because some people make loads more! But when I hear these numbers Im reminded to be grateful. I have friends that make 200,000! And they never buy us drinks!
MK24ever + 697d ago
I'm 32 with two kids and I do so little I'm embarrased to say it here, maybe saying I'm from Portugal explains alot. That said, I'm a very happy man, father and husband. But yes, having more money would make my life less stressfull, I'll probably die young due to so much stress...
Cam977 + 697d ago
I'm only 16 and have been gaming since I remember.
It began with my Dad's MAC computer, then the PS1, and after that I've owned every Playstation since with a GBA and a Wii.
I love the early Playstation games, so much so that I have an enormous library of PS- games to play on my Vita. It was just yesterday that I played MGS1 again, Silent Hill and Resident Evil 2 on my plane home from Portugal.
On top of that I'm also enjoying the latest hits such as The Last of Us (which I'm enjoying immensely). I'll probably hold off buying the PS4 at launch due to being unemployed (I finished my GCSE exams last month, mere weeks ago) and my PS1, PS2 and PS3 backlogs are huge - I just love games. I'm ~90% through GRAND THEFT AUTO San Andreas which I'm working to 100% on in light of GTA:V's release.
I like gaming so much that when I'm not playing I try to read and write about them (I read on N4G and write on my website which currently has a Resident Evil 1 retrospective in the works).
#13 (Edited 697d ago ) | Agree(2) | Disagree(2) | Report | Reply
csreynolds + 697d ago
Well done that lad. @Tultras could learn something from you...
Hicken + 697d ago
Nice to see a youngster with a taste for variety.
.... I hate it. Even when I'm at work, I see teens and think, "Damn kids." And I'm not even 30 yet!
Man, getting old sucks.
ziratul + 697d ago
I work for £4.8k / year - yet I manage to buy a lot of Nintendo games. It's a magic.
hkgamer + 697d ago
Love how averages work. I do hate not being able to see some of the actual data they got that from though.
Would be very disappointing to know that 35 year old's earning £23,000 a year >.<
ElementX + 697d ago
Today is my birthday and I am 33, single, live in Minnesota, and I make around $34k "watching" security cameras.
#16 (Edited 697d ago ) | Agree(0) | Disagree(0) | Report | Reply
My_Outer_Heaven + 697d ago
I'm 26 currently a student and I earn nothing but my student loans at the moment.
ShaunCameron + 696d ago
I'm 33, single, no kids, live in Canada and I make barely $20 000/year. I played more games in the last 3 years than I ever did between 1990 and 2007.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58075 | Submitted by LogicLee 457d ago | news
Have Some Faif In Mobile Gaming, New Puzzle RPG Ready For Launch
Once in a while I'm blown away by a mobile game. It doesn't happen often, what with every hipster doofus on a video game message-board producing hogwash. And even when I do find something that grabs my attention, it rarely has enough content to justify its existence on my phone for longer than a week. Faif, however, is one such game that didn't stop at grabbing me. It held me, caressed me, and told me everything would be alright before stealing my final reserve of hearts. (Android, iPad, iPhone)
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58081 | [an error occurred while processing this directive]
BBC News
watch One-Minute World News
Last Updated: Tuesday, 30 October 2007, 14:57 GMT
Putin honours victims of Stalin
Wednesday is the 70th anniversary of the Great Terror
Russian President Vladimir Putin has attended a memorial service near Moscow to commemorate the victims of Soviet-era oppression.
He gave a speech at the Butovo site where thousands were killed in 1937 at the height of Joseph Stalin's purges.
Mr Putin used the occasion to call for political argument to be "creative rather than destructive".
Campaigning is about to start for Russia's parliamentary elections. Mr Putin's supporters seem certain to win.
He is heading the United Russia party's list of candidates. He is expected to step down as president next year.
Victims 'ignored'
The BBC's James Rodgers in Moscow says Mr Putin's decision to go to Butovo now seems highly significant, since an August ceremony to erect a memorial to victims was not attended by any senior Kremlin officials.
He used to head the Federal Security Service, the modern-day successor to Stalin's dreaded secret police, the NKVD.
Addressing crowds, Mr Putin called for calm ahead of the elections.
"Of course political battles and political arguments and the fight of opinions is necessary, but we need for that process not to be destructive, for it to be constructive," he said.
However, human rights activists in central Moscow said the Kremlin was not doing enough to help victims of repression.
Sergei Volkov, head of the Association of Victims of Political Repression, said they received little or no benefits from the state.
"It's the fault of the man who has stepped with one foot into democracy and still stands with another in KGB - our president, Vladimir Putin," he said, quoted by the Associated Press news agency.
At least 20,000 people were shot at Butovo.
Seventy years ago, Stalin launched his campaign against anyone he saw as a threat to his regime. Those included political opponents, and members of the clergy.
Some were simply unlucky enough to have enemies who denounced them to the NKVD for treachery, real or imagined.
Today, many Russians prefer to remember Stalin as a victorious wartime leader, rather than the architect of mass political killings, our correspondent says.
Country profile: Russia
11 Oct 07 | Country profiles
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30 May 07 | Business
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58084 | [an error occurred while processing this directive]
BBC News
watch One-Minute World News
Last Updated: Friday, 10 August 2007, 15:18 GMT 16:18 UK
Double-nosed dog not to be sniffed at
Xingu the double-nosed Andean Tiger Hound
Xingu is said to be intelligent and fond of salty biscuits
Colonel Blashford-Snell first encountered a Double-Nosed Andean tiger hound called Bella in 2005 when he was carrying out reconnaissance for this year's expedition in the area near Ojaki.
He told Radio 4's Today programme: "While we were there, sitting by the fire one night, I saw an extraordinary-looking dog that appeared to have two noses.
"Nobody believed him, they laughed him out of court."
He's very intelligent and with a wonderful sense of smell, as you might think
John Blashford-Snell
"There is a chance that these dogs came from a breed with double noses that's known in Spain as Pachon Navarro, which were hunting dogs at the time of the Conquistadors," said Colonel Blashford-Snell.
"I think it's highly likely some of these were taken to South America and they continued to breed. They're good hunting dogs."
Bella the double-nosed Andean Tiger Hound
Bella is Xingu's mother and was spotted on an expedition in 2005
He added that Xingu was "quite an aggressive little chap" who stood about 16 inches in height and loved salt biscuits but "wasn't a terribly handsome dog".
Xingu's best friend is apparently a wild pig called Gregory, and the two animals "rule the roost" in their village.
"Other dogs snarl at Xingu, because they can sense he's different. He's the smallest dog there but he sees the other dogs off," Colonel Blashford-Snell said.
"He's very intelligent and with a wonderful sense of smell, as you might think.
"The Bolivian Army came and took DNA samples because they're interested in the breed. He's not the only dog like this, there are others in the area."
The Scientific Exploration Society was in Bolivia to investigate a shallow crater about five miles in width.
According to Colonel Blashford-Snell, he has now found evidence that this was caused by a giant meteorite, which struck the Bolivian Amazon Basin up to 30,000 years ago.
He says he has found evidence of human habitation within 50 miles of the blast zone, and believes these people were wiped out as a result of the meteor's impact.
The explorers also carried with them a church organ from Dorset as a gift to local Bolivians in order to secure their help with finding the meteorite.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58106 | From Classic Rock to Classical Pop
Aug 8, 2012
Listeners tuning in to WWHK in Concord might remember the station as the “The Hawk,” which had a classic rock format.
Now, the station has changed its tune in a big way. Classical covers of songs like “Pour Some Sugar on Me” are all that have played on 102.3 for weeks. The music, recorded by the L.A.-based Vitamin String Quartet, is a placeholder, and not likely to last.
Industry journalist Scott Fybush says the station’s owner is satisfying a federal requirement prohibiting dead air. He compares 102.3 to an empty store at a mall, except unlike a defunct Circuit City, FM airwaves are public and subject to regulation.
"This would perhaps be the radio equivalent of that Halloween store that shows up in the otherwise vacant storefront, just this time, Congress is saying it has to be there."
WWHK has been in limbo since 2009. The ongoing bankruptcy proceedings of The Hawk’s former operator have stalled the station’s re-launch under Birch Broadcasting, a Pennsylvania group headed by conservative blogger Andrew Sumereau. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58118 | Forum: On immigration reform, less might be more
Posted: Sunday, May 23, 2010
During the health care reform debate, some observers argued that the White House should focus on passing smaller and more manageable pieces of legislation rather than pushing "comprehensive" reform.
We may never know if this more modest approach, dubbed "Skinny Care" by its detractors, might have proved more effective and popular than "Obamacare." But President Obama now faces a similar crossroads on immigration. This time he should take the "Skinny" option.
The current White House approach is already DOA. That's because it includes a sweeping legalization program that is anathema to the GOP.
House Republicans say they aren't budging on immigration reform until stronger border and workplace enforcement measures are in place. And especially after Arizona's new immigration law, neither are many Democrats.
There are smaller and more digestible pieces of immigration legislation that might serve as the basis for bipartisan agreement now, before the midterm elections. Time is short, but if the two parties can reach a first-stage agreement on these less contentious items, it could make their post-November debate less susceptible to gridlock.
The logic of a stripped-down immigration agreement is similar to what's been debated with comprehensive reform, only the scale is smaller. The basic trade-off is the same: a legalization of the undocumented - some, but not all - in exchange for enhanced enforcement.
But the deal would steer clear of the most controversial elements - a general "amnesty" for illegal immigrants, an economywide guest-worker program and a national ID card - until after the midterm elections.
Conservatives should agree to some of the narrow legalization proposals that Democrats have put forth in the past, such as the DREAM Act, which legalizes the children who were brought here by their illegal immigrant parents and who, through no fault of their own, are now living here illegally. The bill affects only about 1.5 million people, and to qualify for a green card, applicants must either attend college or join the U.S. military.
It makes no sense to try to send these kids back to countries of origin they do not know, and to lose the value of the accrued investment in their education acquired here. Skillfully presented, DREAM might do for immigration what the Children's Health Insurance Program has done for child welfare - build a badly needed bridge.
Another candidate for GOP support is the AgJOBS bill, which combines a guest-worker program for agriculture with provisions to allow these workers to transition to legal residency. It's not an amnesty because many of the workers "imported" under the program aren't yet living here. The numbers involved are relatively small - perhaps 2 million workers. Agribusiness desperately wants and needs the program, simply to survive. And there is little evidence that the foreign-born workers involved are competing with native-born Americans for the same jobs. Wages are low, and the work is simply too demanding and dirty, except for those long accustomed to it.
What would the GOP get in return for these concessions? A dramatic expansion of the E-Verify workplace enforcement system.
Currently, E-Verify focuses on companies that are federal contractors, a tiny proportion of the firms operating in our economy. The program's also largely voluntary. Let's make E-Verify mandatory and extend it to low-skill industries in which illegal immigrants typically congregate.
And let's continue to augment border enforcement, which, in recent years, has shown measurable progress in reducing illegal flows.
The two political parties might also agree to clean up the deplorable state of immigrant detention facilities and to reduce the long delays in visa processing for legal immigrants. The backlog is so extreme that it's serving as a spur to illegal immigration. Even a staunch conservative such as Sarah Palin has championed this issue.
A deal of this sort will not resolve the current debate. It's not meant to. It merely establishes a solid foundation that both parties can agree to before tackling the big-ticket items. But only a narrow legislative window remains this year to address immigration reform at all. So, rather than grandstanding and pointing fingers, the two parties should swallow their pride and strike a more modest deal.
With more Arizonas looming, we need to get to "yes" now.
• Stewart J. Lawrence has worked as an immigration policy analyst with the U.S. Catholic Conference, the Inter-American Institute on Migration and Labor and the American Immigration Law Foundation. He wrote this for the Los Angeles Times.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58145 | About the Author
Unni Wikan is professor of social anthropology at the University of Oslo, Norway, and the author of numerous books. She has also taught at Harvard University, Beersheba University, L'école des hautes études en sciences sociales, and the London School of Economics. In 2004 she received the Norwegian Fritt Ord Award for "her insightful, openhearted and challenging contributions to the public debate on the value conflicts in multicultural societies." She is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58151 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
During our interview process we give the candidate a programming test as well as a programming design problem.
Our HR department has told us to stop administering the programming test due to legal concerns. This would really hinder our ability to screen candidates.
Are there other HR policies that prevent you from hiring capable programmers?
share|improve this question
closed as primarily opinion-based by GlenH7, jmo21, Robert Harvey, Jim G., Michael Kohne Oct 1 '13 at 11:52
For curiosity sake, what are the specific legal concerns and where is your company located ? Seems scary and unreal that laws wouldnt allow ability to perform a job as a way to select people... – Matthieu Jan 6 '11 at 15:34
@Matthieu: In the US, there's a long list of questions you have to avoid, but nothing as far as I know about ability to perform. You can't ask if somebody's Jewish, for example, but if the job can involve working weekends it's fine to ask if the candidate has any problems working some Saturdays and Sundays. This sounds like an incentives issue: HR isn't worried about getting the best employees so much as (a) avoiding being sued, and (b) not taking the effort to check the law to see if this is an issue. – David Thornley Jan 6 '11 at 15:43
I'd speak to them about the specific concerns and see if they can be accommodated. People who are entirely unreasonable if you engage them constructively are very very rare. – Jon Hopkins Jan 6 '11 at 16:15
What kind of test are you talking about? Some of the answers below brought up that maybe you meant one with a score at the end. I assumed you meant more like some simple pass/fail programming tests during the interview, where at least being close is "pass." – jhocking May 17 '11 at 14:41
5 Answers 5
up vote 11 down vote accepted
Two things I've seen at my current job:
Inappropriate job titles
We wanted to hire a senior level system admin to do manage our development/production environment. The job also required implementing new security measures for HIPAA. Anyway, the job title was 'Director of Hosted Systems and Security' because half of the technology department is made up of directors. The resumes we got were from people with a ton of high level experience. One guy managed the server farm for MacDonalds and had not been hands on in years.
We were getting nowhere, because all of the people HR was bringing in for interviews had been hands off management types. I posted the description under a different title. I knew a lot of network engineers/sys admins from my previous job and one of them saw it and applied. I had reached out to a couple of people directly from my prev job, but no one wanted to make any moves.
Inappropriate job responsibilites
In my current shop, we're all server side java programmers, and no one is really good on the front end in terms of javascript, html, or css. Now the javascript is easy (but trying to get some people to learn jquery is a pain) but no one even wants to learn that part.
We needed to find a front end developer for our department's projects who could also do projects for our Client Services and Marketing departments. The job description we posted kept requiring java skills, even when that's not what we really needed. Sometimes HR thinks that all of the tech people interchangeable and should have the same skills.
share|improve this answer
+1 for inappropriate job titles. At one place I couldn't recruit Project Managers as you weren't allowed Manager in your title if you didn't have direct line reports (which PMs don't as they're managing Projects rather than people). – Jon Hopkins Jan 6 '11 at 16:30
Who can't learn jQuery? It is like the easiest framework ever! – Casebash Nov 6 '11 at 1:39
The person who will be the boss of the new hire should be writing the job description, anything else is massively stupid. – jmo21 Sep 27 '13 at 10:04
"We need someone with X years experience in technologies Y and Z."
Experience is great, but we really need someone that can learn quickly.
share|improve this answer
It's especially fun when technologies Y and Z haven't existed for X years yet. (Yes, I've seen it done many times.) – HedgeMage Jan 8 '11 at 2:56
@hedgemage I was about to bring that up because yeah I've seen that too. Most "X years of experience" requirements just seem to be another way of saying "no brand new graduates." It's better though to just come out and say that instead of applying indirection. – jhocking May 17 '11 at 14:34
There's screening. In many places, HR screens all resumes and applications, and may screen out good people. There's a possibly apocryphal story about Mitch Kapor, who founded Lotus (unless I'm getting my companies wrong): he took the resumes of the first fifty Lotus employees, changed the specifics so they wouldn't be recognized, and had them submitted to HR, which promptly rejected all of them.
share|improve this answer
Don't hiring standards change over time? Not always a good thing. – JeffO Jan 6 '11 at 16:02
@Jeff - Hiring standards should absolutely change over time. The people who are right in start ups are frequently not great big company people. – Jon Hopkins Jan 6 '11 at 16:16
Ask for some evidence. The only thing I can think of is if someone found out you hired a candidate with a lower score they would have a better case for discrimination.
share|improve this answer
One issue might possibly be that the standard testing scenario isn't compatible with all possible disabilities that don't rule out a candidate for the job. For example, there are blind programmers, and if you don't hire a programmer due to blindness you could get into trouble. You might want to see if you can offer "reasonable accomodations" for the disabled. – David Thornley Jan 6 '11 at 16:11
By "programming test" it didn't occur to me that he meant one with a score at the end. That is pretty dumb, but it is pretty much essential for a programming interview to always involve some pass/fail programming tests, where at least being close is "pass." – jhocking May 17 '11 at 14:39
Oh there's plenty I've run across in the past
• Not allowed to get someone on the premises (security risk)
• Not allowed to use any equipment during interview (health and safety)
It goes on....
I like to call HR 'Legal Compliance' as most HR functions now revolve around avoiding perceived legal issues. I say perceived because in reality that's what most of them are.
Push back at your HR department, make them do their jobs and get them to tell you exactly why you can't have a test. I'll be impressed if they come up with genuine case law to support their argument.
share|improve this answer
IANAL, but I've signed forms that I'm positive were illegal in that jurisdiction, and I've seen a lot of claims that X is illegal when I know better (and can sometimes cite an actual authority). Thing is, for HR, it's safer to err on the side of being proactive in preventing lawsuits, and easier to not bother sorting between real and bogus legal issues. – David Thornley Jan 6 '11 at 16:15
I agree it's safer for HR, but it's also lazier - I like making HR work a little ;). I mean they're supposed to be enablers for hiring great people, not blockers (yeah, yeah, I know I have my head in the clouds!). – Martijn Verburg Jan 6 '11 at 16:20
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58162 | Matthias papers April 1834-11 June 1835
Robert Matthias, a struggling carpenter living in New York State in the early 19th century, became the leader of a patriarchal cult known as the "Kingdom of Matthias." When the cult broke up, Matthias faced accusations of multiple offenses, including obtaining money on false pretenses, assault, and murder. He ultimately served four months in prison, three for assaulting his daughter and an additional month for contempt of court. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58177 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
How can i configure multiple virtual cpu in microsoft virtual server 2005R2. If there is any other virtual server which supports multiple virtual CPUs please let me know.
share|improve this question
Can you be more specific please, what are you trying to achieve - there's bound to be lots of great options for you, VS2k5 is WAY old and everyone's years ahead of it, but let's pick you the right product by understanding your requirements fully first. – Chopper3 Sep 25 '11 at 15:58
1 Answer 1
You can't. The product doesn't support multiple virtual CPUs within a single VM.
Since you asked, almost any virtualization product issued in the last few years supports multiple virtual CPUs. Since you're already using Microsoft's virtualization, you should probably look at Hyper-V.
share|improve this answer
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Comment: Re:Fundamentalists (Score 2) 566
by IceCreamGuy (#39253785) Attached to: Growth of Pseudoscience Harming Australian Universities
Totally fair point. But I still believe that providing a science degree in acupuncture is misleading. A biologist studying why acupuncture worked so well with your son using scientific methods is certainly science. But the practice of acupuncture itself is not scientific; as far as I know (and I may not have the most up-to-date information, so please excuse me if that is the case), there are no known mechanisms which can explain how or why acupuncture works, and indeed, again to the best of my knowledge, when double blind studies are performed comparing acupuncture to standard western medicine there is no statistically significant correlation between the application of acupuncture and positive effects beyond those of a placebo. That being said, acupuncture is the only thing that, at least temporarily, alleviated some joint pain my mother was experiencing. But anecdotal evidence is not scientific evidence. It's because of these reasons that people are up in arms about acupuncture degrees being classified as science degrees.
Comment: Re:Fundamentalists (Score 1) 566
by IceCreamGuy (#39252573) Attached to: Growth of Pseudoscience Harming Australian Universities
OK. Fair enough. I can totally accept that. If my premise is incorrect, and alternative medicine is not meant to improve an objective, measurable, scientifically-derived notion of the health of a human being, but instead is meant to improve a subjective, philosophical, personal characteristic such as "wealth," then it is not science. The whole point of this article is that these universities are providing science degrees for these subjects. If they were philosophy or anthropology then there would most likely not be a discussion like this. I think your argument really reinforces the point of the article.
Comment: Re:Fundamentalists (Score 1) 566
by IceCreamGuy (#39252443) Attached to: Growth of Pseudoscience Harming Australian Universities
So how do you explain all the intelligent people using it?
Well - how do you explain the fact that there are a vast number of intelligent people who follow a religion, as well as a vast number of intelligent people who do not believe in a religion? I'm really not saying anything about religion, I'm just saying that your argument is very, very flawed. I will apologize, though for using "alternative medicine" as a catch-all when I was really referring specifically to homeopathy. If you set up a double blind study on a specific ailment and treat one group with a placebo, one group with a homeopathic remedy, and one with modern medicine (assuming modern medicine has a treatment for the specific ailment), then you will find that the homeopathic remedy is equally as effective as a placebo. If you can show me a peer-reviewed study that shows a homeopathic remedy which is more effective than a placebo, then I (and I would imagine a large number of other folks on /.) would accept your argument. I'm not trying to be mean here, I just don't believe that you are making sound arguments, and you're not really addressing my argument directly, either.
Comment: Re:Fundamentalists (Score 3, Insightful) 566
by IceCreamGuy (#39251423) Attached to: Growth of Pseudoscience Harming Australian Universities
I think you're missing a piece - the measurement of the health of a human is well within the realm of human perception and instrumentation. The goals of standard medicine and alternative medicine are the same: improve the health of a human. If standard medicine works and alternative medicine doesn't, well, you should be able to figure the rest out from there.
Comment: Re:The Only Solution (Score 2) 106
by IceCreamGuy (#37098296) Attached to: WPA/WPA2 Cracking With CPUs, GPUs, and the Cloud
Again, I disagree, and I'll add that I'm basing this off of personal experience. With proper training any reasonable policy should be able to be implemented, the hard part is actually making sure that people are trained and understand the repercussions. "Hard" is the operative word, it's not "impossible," and can even be easy if you do it a lot. If you have important data, like medical records, credit card numbers, socials and people don't follow simple policies like that, then they should be terminated. If you're telling me that in your organization anyone can just walk in and plug a laptop into a jack as long as they're wearing coveralls and a Verizon badge, then I truly hope that you don't have my SSN or credit card info. An inability to enforce such a simple policy in an organization that deals with sensitive data is a terrifying thought.
Comment: Re:The Only Solution (Score 1) 106
by IceCreamGuy (#37096230) Attached to: WPA/WPA2 Cracking With CPUs, GPUs, and the Cloud
I respectfully disagree, it's very easy to put a policy in place which states that any visitor to the office needs to have a representative from within the company vouch for them and act as an escort on premises. If everyone knows the policy it's not very difficult to enforce, all it takes is proper training. It's a pretty small price to pay if your data is important enough to worry about it in the first place.
Comment: Towson U. Supports Linux (Score 1) 432
by IceCreamGuy (#36401554) Attached to: Ask Slashdot: Linux Support In Universities?
At Towson University, which is located outside Baltimore, they have a "guest," unencrypted, open WiFi network that anyone can join, but which is out in a DMZ. After you connect to that you're brought to a landing page about the secure, authenticated, WiFi network, which is tied into AD. They have a java auto-configurator applet that works on any OS. Should that fail, or should you be running a linux box without a JVM, they have a shell script you can download right there to get you running. I believe that also have a dmg, but I don't remember. This is a university with a full lab of Linux boxes, exclusively Samba-based student storage, and automatic SSH access to a dev environment for every single student, though, so YMMV. There are definitely universities out there that support Linux, there's no reason they shouldn't aside from, well... the money it takes to hire people who know anything about Linux.
Plumber Injection Attack In Bowser's Castle 59
Posted by Soulskill
from the what-they-want-probably-isn't-there-anyway dept.
An anonymous reader writes to make sure is aware of Security Advisory SMB-1985-0001: Plumber Injection Attack in Bowser's Castle. "Ksplice, working in conjunction with Lakitu Cloud Security, has released a high-severity advisory about a Plumber Injection attack in multiple versions of Bowser's Castle. An Italian plumber could this bug to bypass security measures (walk through walls) in order to rescue Peach, to defeat Bowser, or for . This vulnerability is demonstrated by 'happylee-supermariobros,warped.fm2.' Attacks using this exploit have been observed in the wild, and multiple other exploits are publicly available. A has been made available."
New Hardware Needed For Future Computational Brain 143
Posted by timothy
from the why-not-wipe-and-reinstall-on-regular-brains? dept.
schliz writes "Salk Institute director Terrence Sejnowski has called for more power-efficient, parallel computing architecture to support future robots that could keep up with the human brain. While human brains had 100 billion neurons and required only 20 Watts of energy, today's most powerful supercomputer, the 2.57 PFlop Chinese Tianhe-1A, requires four megawatts, and still has trouble with vision, motion, and 'common sense,' he said."
Comment: Re:Win7 already marginalized them (Score 1) 797
by IceCreamGuy (#35389734) Attached to: GNOME To Lose Minimize, Maximize Buttons
...which means taking a good 300% more time to maximize a window
I disagree, I feel that the time it takes me to center my mouse over a tiny little button and click it is about the same amount of time as it takes me to quickly swipe the pointer up the screen dragging the titlebar to the top. In addition, if you use multiple monitors, this feature rocks - you can drag a maximized window from one monitor to another and keep it maximized. This may sound trivial, however if you used multiple monitors in XP you would know how annoying it is to have to minimize or restore a window, then drag, then maximize. In addition, I rarely actually use the mouse for these functions (indeed I rarely use these functions), I use meta+up for maximize, meta+left/right for side-snap, and meta+down for minimize. I guarantee that's quicker than doing anything with a mouse.
I also never, ever minimize, I just keep everything maximized and alt-tab. I can't stand using an application that's not taking up the whole screen. If I really need to look at two things at once I use the Win7 side-snap. That's what the Gnome designers are saying, as well: just don't minimize, ever, because what's the real point? And with maximize - are you really claiming that double-clicking anywhere in the titlebar is 3x slower than getting your pointer into the maximize button? In the end It still does just come down to personal preference, though; if you have two programmers watch each other use a computer for 30 minutes, I guarantee each of them will walk away thinking that the other wastes time in navigation.
Comment: Re:Void the Warranty? (Score 1) 248
by IceCreamGuy (#35187980) Attached to: Microsoft To Work With Windows Phone 7 Jailbreakers
Imagine a PC dealership trying to enforce such harsh software usability limitations like "never ever install any other software than the one you got it with, or forget the warranty"
Fair enough, but If I then imagine a car dealership saying this, it makes pretty good sense that installing custom software on my car would void its warranty. I'm not saying that cell phones are like cars, but I am saying that cell phones are different than PCs. If you brick your phone because you accidentally overwrote the bootloader, they should not be held responsible, you should. You can always say "well, you can always put the bootloader back on if you know what you're doing," but the truth is that a lot of people don't, and the manufacturer shouldn't have to shell out for their mistakes. That being said, I do feel that locking people in with certain software options is really, really crappy. You should be physically able to install whatever software you want in an ideal world.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58196 | Slashdot is powered by your submissions, so send in your scoop
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Comment: Re:Not a contradiction (Score 5, Insightful) 233
by Quaoar (#39478135) Attached to: Findings Cast Doubt On Moon Origins
The preferred giant impact model has a Mars-sized impactor with a core-to-mantle ratio equal to the Earth's, with approximately 30% of its mass being in an iron core ( Mars is ~1/6th the Earth's mass. In this impact, the material liberated that eventually forms the moon is iron poor, as the iron core of the impactor sinks into the Earth. That has been the interpretation as to why the Moon's iron core is so small (no more than 3% its total mass), so in this sense the giant impact model produces a satisfactory outcome. Some fraction of the lunar surface is accumulated over the 4 billion years since the Moon formed, but this layer is thought to be very thin, and the meteorites + Apollo samples we use to measure the moon's isotopic ratios come from a range of depths that probe significantly deeper than this surface layer. The fine-tuning argument comes from the fact that for an arbitrary combination of impactor + Earth mass, impact angle, velocity, etc, you'd expect a scatter in the isotope ratios consistent with the typical scatter measured between other bodies in the solar system (say that between Mars and the Earth). Fine-tuning is often employed in intelligent design arguments as they rely on the anthropic principle, but as there's no reason to require the Earth and Moon to have identical isotopic compositions to explain the existence of life, there is no particular reason to favor any particular outcome over the myriad of other outcomes for this particular measurement.
Comment: Re:Not a contradiction (Score 5, Informative) 233
by Quaoar (#39476947) Attached to: Findings Cast Doubt On Moon Origins
The problem is that the ratio of Earth's mantle to Theia's mantle matters in the combination, even if mixing is efficient. The Earth's mantle is fully convective, and around 6 times the mass of the impactor's mantle, which means that you have to really fine-tune the conditions to achieve the exact right mixture. A good analogy would be trying to mix milk and water in a glass such that the fluid that splashes out of the glass has the same fraction of milk to water as the fluid remaining in the glass. With the original Oxygen isotope constraint, 95%+ of the lunar mantle needed to originate from the Earth, which is in direct conflict with the giant impact simulations that have been performed (which find 80% coming from the *impactor*), even for iron-rich impactors that preferentially remove Earth's mantle. This new constraint, if I am reading the paper correctly, is even stronger than the Oxygen isotope constraint, being at the part per million level rather than the part per ten thousand level.
Comment: Re:Not a contradiction (Score 4, Informative) 233
by Quaoar (#39476225) Attached to: Findings Cast Doubt On Moon Origins
This doesn't work. The fractional element abundances depend not only on the location in the protoplantery disk, but on the timescales of accretion, which depend on the mass of the object accreting. Thus, even if you formed Theia in L4/L5, the isotopic ratios should be different, as the two objects will have different masses.
Comment: Chase blows (Score 1) 398
by Quaoar (#32711436) Attached to: Chase Bank May Drop Support of Chrome, Opera
Fuck Chase...I had Wamu before they were swallowed by Chase, and Wamu's website was FAR superior to the ancient web banking that Chase offers. I have to click through 5 screens just to transfer money across accounts with chase, and I doubt they're not using anything more sophisticated than plain https, so any BS reason they offer for not supporting certain modern browsers is just that...BS.
Comment: Re:nothing special... (Score 1) 347
by Quaoar (#28799021) Attached to: People Emit Visible Light
These results are specifically about the deviation of the spectrum produced by a human from a black body, and how that varies throughout the day. For a blackbody, the number of photons coming out as visible radiation is 1/10^3000 the total number (assuming a body temperature of ~280K, the number is so tiny because visible photons fall into the exponential Wein tail of the BB distribution), so you would naÃvely predict that no human has ever emitted a visible photon. Ever. So yes, it is something special.
Comment: Bad Title (Score 3, Informative) 166
by Quaoar (#28253695) Attached to: Black Hole Swallows Star
Quoth the conclusion of the referenced paper:
"These possibilities, combined with the observation that the
disrupted object be a carbon-rich star, rather than a normal
main sequence one appear to make the case for tidal disruption
somewhat contrived. Nonetheless, with only one object, and
thus an essentially unconstrained rate and space density for
such events, it remains a possibility."
So, while tidal disruption is a possibility, it is not the favored scenario.
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Comment: Re:20-40% overblown (Score 1) 582
by SoftwareArtist (#49795097) Attached to: How Tesla Batteries Will Force Home Wiring To Go Low Voltage
I think you're misunderstanding the author. From the article:
Sun generates 12VDC via the solar panel
Solar panels push power to a battery
The battery or the solar panel push 12VDC to a DC to AC converter (20% loss of power).
AC is distributed throughout the house
Many devices then convert the power BACK to DC (20% loss of power)
He doesn't claim there's an energy loss between the solar panel and the battery. The conversion happens when the power comes out of the battery and gets distributed to all your appliances, many of which promptly convert it back to DC.
However, if the loss from each conversion is only 5% instead of 20%, the whole issue becomes a lot less important.
Comment: Re:Why is this dribble on the front page? (Score 1) 443
by SoftwareArtist (#49784151) Attached to: Creationists Manipulating Search Results
I'm honestly not certain whether you're being serious or sarcastic. I hope the latter, because as a parody of religious thinking that was hilarious. "I saw a sexy underage girl, therefore God must exist," is not what I would call a good example of logical reasoning.
But in case you really were being serious, what other explanations have you considered? You've made an observation: there are things in the world that appear beautiful to you. You have suggested one explanation for that observation: they were all created by a supreme being who is an artist and "could not help but show a glimpse of His artistic skills." That is, I suppose, one possible explanation. But it certainly isn't the only one. So what other explanations have you considered? And then, how can you determine which of the possible explanations is correct?
To give just one example: perhaps beauty is not an intrinsic quality of an object. Perhaps, as the saying goes, beauty is in the eye of the beholder, and whether you find something beautiful is strictly a property of you, not of the thing itself. That's easy to test. If true, there should be lots of disagreement about what is beautiful. There should be things that you find beautiful but many other people don't; and likewise, things that some people find beautiful but you don't.
Care to conduct that experiment?
Comment: Re:Why is this dribble on the front page? (Score 5, Insightful) 443
by SoftwareArtist (#49780093) Attached to: Creationists Manipulating Search Results
If you have an infinite barrel of marbles, you can't make a statement such as "10% of them are green".
You absolutely can. Let me give a simple example: the positive integers. That is, unquestionably, an infinite set. And it also is quite clear that precisely 10% of them are divisible by 10.
Mathematically, here's how we would describe it. Consider the set of integers from 1 to N. Let x(N) be the fraction of members in that set that are divisible by 10. It's quite easy to show that as N->infinity, x(N)->1/10.
Rate These 53 Sub-$200 Hacker SBCs, Win 1 of 20 45
Posted by samzenpus
from the pick-your-favorite dept.
DeviceGuru writes: LinuxGizmos and have just launched their annual 2-minute survey asking folks to rate their favorite hacker SBCs from a list of 53 single board computers that are priced below $200, supported by open documentation and Linux or Android OSes, and will ship before July. As usual, the survey's data will be made available publicly, but one big change this year is that participants can register for a random drawing that will give away 20 hacker SBCs, split equally among the BeagleBone Black, Imagination Creator CI20, Intel Edison Kit for Arduino, and Qualcomm DragonBoard 410c. (Emails submitted will only be used for selecting and notifying SBC drawing winners, say the sites.)
Comment: Completely the wrong approach (Score 1) 837
by SoftwareArtist (#49739497) Attached to: Oregon Testing Pay-Per-Mile Driving Fee To Replace Gas Tax
This is exactly what happens when you conflate two unrelated things: revenue and incentives. There's no reason a particular type of spending should be linked to a particular tax. That just leads to making bad decisions.
You need money to pay for services. Fine. Pay for them out of the state's general budget. So now you have to decide how to fund that budget. A good default is an income or wealth based tax. Something where everyone pays what they can afford to pay. But in any case, you don't need a separate revenue source for every item in the budget.
Independent of that, you may want to create incentives to encourage or discourage certain behaviors. You want people to buy more efficient vehicles. You want them to consume less energy. You want them to put less wear on the roads. There are lots of ways to create those incentives. A gas tax. A tax on the purchase price of a car, based on the total distance it will be driven over its lifetime. Tolls. And so on. Decide what behaviors you want to encourage, then identify the best incentives to encourage them.
But these two decisions should be completely separate. The gas tax is there to encourage efficiency, not to produce revenue. Any money it does bring in should go directly toward decreasing income taxes. There's the question of how much money you need, and the question of what incentives you want to create, and they should never be linked together.
Comment: Re:Tolls? (Score 4, Insightful) 837
by SoftwareArtist (#49739397) Attached to: Oregon Testing Pay-Per-Mile Driving Fee To Replace Gas Tax
What's all this about "the left" and "the right"? You seem to have two images in your head of two groups that supposedly believe certain things. Unfortunately, they seem to have little in common with the actual beliefs of anyone I know.
Rather than assigning labels and talking about what imaginary groups like "the left" supposedly believe, how about sticking to the specific beliefs that specific people have actually expressed, and let everyone say for themselves what they do or don't believe.
Comment: Not so steep (Score 5, Insightful) 227
Those hardware requirements aren't really that steep. Those GPUs currently cost under $350, so high end but not top-of-the-line. But it isn't supposed to be released until early next year. By then, new high end graphics cards will have been released, and these ones will be solidly mid-range. Also, the initial customers for this will be enthusiasts, the people who already have high end GPUs or don't mind spending a bit extra to get one. By the time this is really mainstream, even low end GPUs will likely be able to handle it.
Comment: Re:Pressuring the majority? (Score 3, Interesting) 866
by SoftwareArtist (#49685239) Attached to: Religious Affiliation Shrinking In the US
Fortunately, these restrictions are all unenforcible. They're overruled by Article 6 of the US Constitution which states, "[N]o religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States." But the fact that so many states tried, and that they've continued to leave these restrictions in their constitutions despite being completely unenforcible, is pretty shocking and disgusting.
Comment: How the @#$%! could this possibly be patentable? (Score 1) 99
Here is Claim 1 from the patent application:
1. A system for aerial delivery of items to a destination location, comprising: a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles, each of the plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles configured to aerially transport items; an unmanned aerial vehicle management system, including: a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and storing program instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processors to at least: receive a request to deliver an item to a destination location; and send to an unmanned aerial vehicle of the plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles, delivery parameters identifying a source location that includes the item and a destination location; wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle, in response to receiving the delivery parameters, is further configured to at least: navigate to the source location; engage the item located at the source location; navigate a navigation route to the destination location; and disengage the item.
There is absolutely nothing there that hasn't been discussed thousands of times before and been a staple of science fiction for decades. But if this gets approved, no one but Amazon will be allowed to do this, just as it's becoming technologically feasible.
Remember, every claim in a patent is like a little patent in itself. Whatever else is contained in the patent, anything that matches all the features of any single claim is infringing. And there's nothing in that claim that's original or innovative in any way. Actually building a drone delivery network will require solving a lot of hard technological problems, and some of those solutions might legitimately be patentable. But this has nothing to do with that.
Actually, it's even worse than that. Here's the last paragraph of the application:
From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that, although specific implementations have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the appended claims and the elements recited therein. In addition, while certain aspects are presented below in certain claim forms, the inventors contemplate the various aspects in any available claim form. For example, while only some aspects may currently be recited as being embodied in a computer readable storage medium, other aspects may likewise be so embodied. Various modifications and changes may be made as would be obvious to a person skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. It is intended to embrace all such modifications and changes and, accordingly, the above description to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
So the incredibly general claims should be interpreted even more generally. They're basically claiming complete ownership of the concept of delivering things with drones, including "all such modifications and changes" that anyone might reasonably think of.
Comment: Re:Start spreadin' the rants... (Score 1) 186
by SoftwareArtist (#49635275) Attached to: The World's Most Wasteful Megacity
And while you are at it, tell me how the data was collected that provided an apples to apples comparison.
No problem. There's a link to the paper right there in the summary.
No, he did not present a single per capita comparison.
Ummm... How does, "The average New Yorker uses two dozen times more energy than someone in Kolkata, and creates 15 times as much solid waste," not count as a per-capita comparison? Of course, you then blindly dismiss it by saying, "And who cares about Kolkata, that was probably chosen because it is uniquely low." The 14 million people who live there certainly care. And no, it was not chosen for being uniquely low. Take a look at the graphs in the paper. You'll see there is only one outlier in the whole set of cities, and that is New York. And yes, I did follow the link to check the paper before I posted. Because I actually believe in doing my research before posting. (See my signature quote, which in case you hadn't realized is meant ironically, and is appropriate to a distressing fraction of posts on Slashdot.)
by SoftwareArtist (#49633861) Attached to: The World's Most Wasteful Megacity
Did you read the article? He repeatedly points out how bad NYC is on a per-capita basis, not just absolute. To quote just a few examples:
Yes, NYC is one of the most visited cities in the world. So are Tokyo, Paris, and London, all of which use less energy and produce far less waste. That doesn't explain it.
Comment: Sounds quite reasonable (Score 1) 174
Ummm... they do? Like, who? Not a single one I know.
If a result is published, I assume (as do most other scientists) that means very little until it's been reproduced, and even then I remain quite skeptical until it's stood the test of time. I assume many published results will turn out to be wrong. That's just the nature of science. Every paper is a work in progress, a snapshot of someone's research at one moment. And that's fine.
So 39% were successfully reproduced, and another 24% came close? I'd call that pretty good, especially in psychology where you're studying an incredibly complex system (the human brain) while trying to sort out hundreds of interacting factors.
Comment: Re:Well done! (Score 1) 540
"Low income housing" does not mean slums. It generally just means housing that costs less than a certain fraction of the median housing cost in the area. Given that this is Marin, most of the people living in this development will probably be very solidly middle class.
Also, vandalism, crime, etc. are generally problems that appear when you have absentee landlords who don't care about keeping up the property and don't do anything to evict problem tenants. That's unlikely to be the case here. I expect Lucas will just pay a company to manage the property for him, and they'll do a fine job of keeping things running.
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Comment: Re:Stop (Score 1) 60
by andawyr (#49387739) Attached to: Mutinous Humans Murder Peaceful Space-going AI
Nope, I'm rarely in a bad mood, and I'm not mad at the world at all. But thanks for assuming I am.
Posting repetitive, poorly thought out so-called 'April Fools Joke' stories that are based on science fiction stories and almost completley rip off the original story concept is simply not funny. Especially after the 3rd or 4th one.
Look at the previous comment - pinkdot was genuinely funny.
When Taco was around, at least there were a few good stories posted on AFD. Since he left, not so much.
Comment: Postfix (Score 2) 373
by andawyr (#46584733) Attached to: Ask Slashdot: What Do You Consider Elegant Code?
Fantasic example of code written in a procedural language (C) in an object-oriented way,with clear separation of responsibilities.
The framework that Wietse created to structure Postfix is, from my perspective, a thing of beauty. I don't doubt that this has been done elsewhere, but Postfix is the first real example that I came across of a somewhat-large application structured in a very clean and understandable way.
Well worth spending some time perusing the code.
Comment: Too Much Documentation (Score 5, Interesting) 457
by andawyr (#42560915) Attached to: Ask Slashdot: What Practices Impede Developers' Productivity?
Nothing kills progress than having to create documentation that will never be read or updated.
Don't get me wrong - certain types of documentation are important (overall systems design, data models, for example). But unless you're going to continue to use the documentation after the project has been completed, don't bother creating it.
What most people seem to forget is that if you don't plan on maintaining all the documentation you create, you're wasting your time. Once a document is out of date, it no longer serves it's purpose. I'll expand on an adage: Outdated and incorrect documentation is worse than no documentation at all.
Comment: Launch Bar (Score 1) 449
by andawyr (#38805099) Attached to: Ubuntu 12.04 To Include Head-Up Display Menus
I know I'd be completely lost without LaunchBar on OS X:
Definitely recommended for all you OS X folks out there.
Comment: Re:Possible badges for good code (Score 1) 353
by andawyr (#38748952) Attached to: Visual Studio Gets Achievements, Badges, Leaderboards
I've always had issues with comparisons that follow the 'constant == lvalue' format. For whatever reason, it always takes me longer to grok what the comparison means. When I use 'lvalue == constant', it makes much more sense. At least to me.
I'm not sure why you say this has anything to do with 'safety' - can you elaborate? I'm curious.
I will say that I've noticed this coding construct more in code written by developers from Asia and India. Something in the curriculum, perhaps? In my formal education I never saw the 'constant == lvalue' construct, and I went to University in N.A.
PlayStation (Games)
+ - Anonymous DDOS attacks Sony, brings website down->
Submitted by Anonymous Coward
An anonymous reader writes: Anonymous who warned about cyber attacks against Sony has made many of Sony’s sites down, currently. The sites include Playstation, PSN, PS Blogs and Sony (which is partially accessible) and it looks probable that more sites from its stable are going to get attacked.
Link to Original Source
Comment: Literate Programming (Score 1) 198
by andawyr (#31431350) Attached to: Code Bubbles — Rethinking the IDE's User Interface
This sounds very much like http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literate_programming/, as introduced by Knuth.
FYI, TeX and Metafont were both written using Tangle and Weave. Pretty impressive to read the source code, which had both code and documentation intermixed. It was a novel way (as in innovative, and as in a book :-) )to develop a complex application; I believe that Knuth even stated that creating TeX and MetaFONT were made much easier by using Literate Programming...
Net Users In Belarus May Soon Have To Register 89
Posted by timothy
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Comment: Re:Trisquel? (Score 1) 274
by knuthin (#42367143) Attached to: GNU Hands Out Trisquel At a Microsoft Store
No flash(no hulu, or flash games or about 90% of streamed media) no Silverlight(by extension no netflix) no Adobe reader(so no overdrive ebooks from the local library) no idevice support.
Should be an unofficial repo somewhere for Flash. I could install Silverlight from Moonlight, but fuck it. I don't even use Netflix. Adobe Reader? Are you kidding me? Ever heard of xpdf and Okular? I am not sure but Amarok/Clementine might have sync capabilities, if you need that. (Clementine works fine with my Android).
Comment: Re:Good luck with that (Score 1) 274
by knuthin (#42367127) Attached to: GNU Hands Out Trisquel At a Microsoft Store
...I totally see how it is easier to type yum install [whatever] or apt-get install [whatever]...
Or pacman -S whatever, or emerge whatever, or equo install whatever... or zypper install whatever (unless you are using an older version of Suse where you use rug install whatever), or slapt-get --install whatever.
-- that makes most people balk.
Comment: Re:A little knowledge... (Score 3, Insightful) 306
by knuthin (#40985987) Attached to: Forget 6-Minute Abs: Learn To Code In a Day
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Comment: Re:What's up with that motor? (Score 5, Interesting) 110
by lourd_baltimore (#49724227) Attached to: Robotic Space Plane Launches In Mystery Mission This Week
There is some speculation that the AR2-3 may not be the engine used in current flights (see other replies to you post).
However, the AR2-3 is human rated. The X-37 is nominally unmanned, but hey the missions are classified, and because Halo Orbital Drop Shock Troopers. Of course some of the alternative engines you mentioned have been used on stages of previous manned flights and are thus presumably man-rated as well.
I did some Binging on the AR2-3 and found a NASA/Rocketdyne/OSC presentation that looks to be drafted around 2000.
Here that seem to make the case high test peroxide (HTP) technologies are the way of the future for upper stage propulsion:
Hydrogen peroxide was selected over liquid oxygen because it is dense, storable, capable of tolerating months in orbit, and meets safety restrictions for being part of the payload in the Space Shuttle.
Of course the Shuttle aspect is no longer a factor, but the other factors still seem to be in play.
Further into the paper, the USFE 10k peroxide motor is mentioned as a project to develop new HTP technologies. These technologies would be used for future HTP-based upper stages. They even have a goal of over 100 uses of an engine before it has to be removed for overhaul. Is that a lot in the world of rockets? As this paper was drafted around 2000 I would guess that the X-37 is using something a bit different that the bog-standard AR2-3 or has moved away from HTP technologies altogether.
Now to say that rocket science has moved away from HTP is not quite true. I don't think there are any big HTP engines used in lower stages. However, the Bloodhound SSC is using a HTP hybrid motor they are designing.
There is also research in to using HTP as a monopropellant for thrusters using a catalytic bed. I suppose the advantage here is that you have HTP as your oxidizer for an upper stage and then it can be used for maneuvering once on orbit. Similar, as you mentioned, to UDMH.
Take a look at the Introduction from the ESA paper referenced above. They cite several reasons why HTP is desirable and advantageous. Cost and safety being paramount. They also mention that Soyuz has been using HTP in its maneuvering systems for over 40 years. I think that HTP safety concerns have been effectively mitigated from the "explode because you looked at it funny" era.
As for performance it seems that HTP is as good as some other technologies, but it's no dog either and it seems to be a good fit for the X-37 or other small stages. Quote from the ESA paper:
The propulsive performance of hydrogen peroxide monopropellant rockets is about 20% lower than hydrazine, but the volume specific impulse achievable with 90% H2O2 is higher than most other propellants due to its high density. This is particularly useful for systems with significant aerodynamic drag losses and/or stringent volume constraints. With respect to bi-propellant and hybrid rocket engines, hydrogen peroxide yields a specific impulse comparable to other liquid oxidizers like dinitrogen tetroxide, nitric acid and even liquid oxygen..
It seems that HTP has many uses and rocket science has not moved away from HTP, indeed, it is being actively researched. It may or may not be used on the X-37 right now. It may or may be used on the X-37 in the future. With further attention to cost, safety, and, increasingly, environmental impact, HTP seems to be coming for you...
Comment: Re:Wow, a whole $10 million? (Score 1) 48
by lourd_baltimore (#48002307) Attached to: NSF Awards $10 Million To Protect America's Processors
The show was probably about the Okavango River which empties into the Okavango Delta in Botswana.
You're right, none of the water makes it to any sea or ocean. Some of it simply evaporates. However, the majority of the water allows for a thriving ecosystem to exist in an otherwise arid region.
Include this into your analogy as you see fit.
Comment: Re:Bogus argument (Score 1) 311
by lourd_baltimore (#44068327) Attached to: Are You Sure This Is the Source Code?
I tried compiling "Hello World" using GCC 4.4.3 and then building it again five minutes later. The executables were binary identical. Is what you said only for non-trivial cases such as "Hello World"?
Comment: Re:Kudos God Win (Score 1) 1061
by lourd_baltimore (#42323839) Attached to: Anonymous Hacks Westboro Baptist Church
Maybe it's a matter of language, but ad-hominem arguments ("any fool") don't work either. You weaken your argument. (Who keeps modding you up?)
Which, I have to admit, I'm not entirely sure that you are debating anything to the heart of the matter, but ... here we are.
I think you're going a little personal on someone's flippant slippery slope comment. No one ever said stop judging, but a real think about statutes need to come into play rather your gut-feeling/Miller Test.
If you want to post in generalities, then I guess, yeah, you admit that hate speech laws will be used to censor. One man's cheeky Mohammad cartoon is another man's hate speech/blasphemy.
Just because people speak in proverbs or or logical fallacies doesn't mean that they don't happen. Please elaborate how, since the ratification of the US Constitution, speech freedoms are greater today.
If you do not believe that once given more control (laws), then one party (government) will not seek more control. Well, I see your logic, but you should bone-up on more history and less philosophy.
Comment: Re:Kudos God Win (Score 1) 1061
by lourd_baltimore (#42312319) Attached to: Anonymous Hacks Westboro Baptist Church
i can tell the difference between homosexuality and necrophilia. i can tell the difference between marijuana and meth. and i can tell the difference between political speech and hate speech
the slippery slope is an idea that only works in a world where nobody can think and identify different topics. therefore, the slippery slope never works as a persuasive argument
Your argument seems to assume that we can all argree on objective definitions of sexuality, drugs, and speech. Differences in drugs can be objectively determined. Sexuality I'll give you as well. Can you honestly say we all agree on what is hate speech? If not, then yes, hate speech laws can, and most likely will be, abused to censor one party. It may not be a slippery slope, but the infringement of rights will occur.
There is a fine, but important distinction you need to state in your case against using the slippery slope.
the slippery slope is an idea that only works in a world where nobody can objectively and uniformly identify different classes.
The slippery slope argument is, by nature, not logical, but if you're going to take the time to dissect a piece of rhetoric, then get it right.
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The Failure of the $100 Laptop? 487
Posted by Zonk
from the one-laptop-per-oops-you-need-juice dept.
RobertinXinyang writes "MSN's MoneyCentral has an article on the possibility that the $100 laptop project fails to meet its goals, and the potential of the project to harm people in developing nations. The article goes on to liken the project to 'good-natured showboating', and cites the unreality of a family using the glow from the laptop's screen as the only source of light in their hut. Perhaps there are better things to do with our time and money in developing nations?" From the article: "The entire idea may be misguided and counterproductive. At least that's what Stanford journalism lecturer an Africa watcher G. Pascal Zachary thinks. The basic argument is that with $100 you could almost feed a village for a year, so why waste that sum on a laptop? What are they thinking? The fact that these people need electricity more than they need a laptop is only part of the problem. The real problem is lost mind share. The people are harmed because these sorts of schemes are sopping up mind-share time of the people who might be doing something actually useful."
PS3 Lines Already Forming In America 452
Posted by samzenpus
from the get-a-life dept.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58205 | Saying no to climate silence
SOME 200 students and activists turned out for a "Colleges Against Climate Silence" rally on December 1 in Amherst, Mass. Attendees came from the Five Colleges community and beyond.
The rally began with talks by some of the student organizers of the event, an organizer with Students for a Just and Stable Future and former Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein. After the talks, the crowd circled the Amherst center green, held hands and "broke the climate silence" with some chanting. A speak-out concluded the rally, where community members, local organizers and students from the Five Colleges community spoke.
The number of attendees is an indication that the climate justice movement is gaining momentum in Amherst and, as Jill Stein noted, around the country as well. During the speak-out, students and community members made radical connections between capitalism, climate change and environmental degradation, as well as other injustices caused by capitalism like racism, poverty and poor health. Many pointed out that capitalism seeks to profit from fossil fuel production without any regard to people's health or the wellbeing of the environment.
During the speak-out, proposals were made about how to build a movement that can stop climate change. Collective action was seen by many as the way to initiate change. Five Colleges students are planning campaigns to force their schools to divest from companies profiting from dirty energy production. Local organizers from Climate Action Now are working to shut down the Yankee Nuclear Power Plant and build a movement against the government's plan to make the Pioneer Valley a hydraulic fracking site.
The climate justice movement in the Amherst area is beginning to re-emerge and has the potential to gain momentum. Many of those who attended the rally are tired of the silence around climate change from the Obama administration, understand that capitalism is the root of the problem and are ready to fight and act collectively against climate change. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58209 | Recent changes to Kiax 0.8.5-pre changes to Kiax 0.8.5-preenMon, 06 Feb 2006 18:19:00 -0000Kiax 0.8.5-pre<div class="markdown_content"><p>After a long pause we are happy to announce the availability of new version of Kiax. Final 0.8.5 will include updated language translations and fixes of serious bugs if found until then.<br /> So, please, test it and give feedback!</p> <p>Thanks to all the people who contributed.</p> <p>Here is a summary of the changes in this version:</p> <p>* Contacts are now grouped in account folders<br /> * New iaxclient with tipix Echo Cancellation<br /> * Added support for Italian, Spanish and Hebrew languages<br /> * While calling just press number keys to send DTMF (no need to switch to dialpad)<br /> * Call register shows call duration<br /> * Added icons for registration status tracking<br /> * Added options for muting incoming and outgoing rings<br /> * Added option to run command on incoming call<br /> * Fixed bugs.</p> <p>The Kiax Team</p></div>EmoMon, 06 Feb 2006 18:19:00 -0000http://sourceforge.net174a0217dd337dd9f04ac2d67fd9f0e4d9056f5b |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58210 |
discogs and tags
• Goupil_G6
hello and thanks for writing down such a program
tagging stuff is great but i have a request-suggestion, whatever…when i come to tag from discogs, vinyl records are tagged with A-side B-side ; therefore, renaming files leads to like"00-this_song.xxx"
Is there any trick i can do to paste sides and/or put numbers instead?
Thx !
• Ciobi
(This is my second reply. I replied once but then realized what I said was wrong, so deleting the post seemed best option to avoid confusion.)
I'm not 100% sure that I understand the question, but I guess the problem is that MP3 Diags accepts A1, A2, … as valid track numbers when saving data from Discogs. This is inconsistent, and if you try to set the track number manually to A1 you'll get an error. That's because the specifications allow only a number or a number followed by a slash and the total track count. What it should probably do is convert A1 to 1, A2 to 2, … , B1 to 6 (assuming there are 5 songs on the first side), and so on (but I might change my mind after thinking about this some more).
Since I only do critical bug fixes in version 1.0 and I haven't started work on 1.1, this is going to remain as is for now.
Tricks to avoid having all such files renamed as "00":
- if you have just several albums with this issue, set the track number manually to 1, 2, 3, …
- if your songs already have a "correct" (that is, numeric) track number somewhere, mark them as assigned (search http://mp3diags.sourceforge.net/190_tag_editor.html for "assigned"), so the track numbers won't get overwritten by whatever you download from Discogs. (If the track number is in the file name, it can be extracted using a pattern.)
- use patterns (http://mp3diags.sourceforge.net/220_tag_editor_patterns.html) and a text file like this:
1) Type into a text file all the numbers from 1 to the maximum number of songs in any of your albums.
2) Add a pattern which is just %n and enable it by clicking the corresponding button at the bottom of the screen. You'll notice a new column in the "Current song" table. Drag that column to the left, so it's the first.
3) Select all the lines from the text file (or just as many as the song count in the current album, to avoid a warning), and copy to the clipboard.
4) Back in the tag editor, press CTRL+V (or the paste button) and now your track numbers are numerical
Does this answer your question? If not, please provide an actual real-world example. Please include a description of what the program does and what would you like it to do, for this particular example.
• Ciobi
I finally fixed this. The code is already in Subversion and it will be part of the next unstable release. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58234 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
Array = ([0]=>'1'
but what I want is like
Array = ( [a]=>'1'
Any suggestions? Thanks in advance.
share|improve this question
The output you get is quite interesting due to the syntax error you have. – josmith Jun 8 '12 at 12:24
sorry...It's a mistake.I've edited.But I want the output like the below.Array = ( [a]=>'1' [b]=>'2') – anna Jun 8 '12 at 12:25
From the code provided in your question the result you are looking for will be given. – josmith Jun 8 '12 at 12:28
note that the quotes will not be shown in the output, if that's what you're asking. – Tikkes Jun 8 '12 at 12:29
@anna I was just referring to the use of mysql_fetch_array(). If you would've put that into your original question, I (and I'm sure a lot of other people) would have been able to give you an answer right away. It never dawned on me that you were trying to extract data from a database because you explicitly stated it was from an array. – Crontab Jun 8 '12 at 16:18
6 Answers 6
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Quote from the manual
By using MYSQL_BOTH (default), you'll get an array with both associative and number indices. Using MYSQL_ASSOC, you only get associative indices (as mysql_fetch_assoc() works), using MYSQL_NUM, you only get number indices (as mysql_fetch_row() works).
Unless you tell mysql_fetch_array to return associative, then it will return both enumarated and associative entries for each column
specify MYSQL_ASSOC as the second argument to your mysql_fetch_array to fix this problem
In the longer term, I'd also recommend dropping mysql and using mysqli or even pdo
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Great! I forgot this parameter...Thanks! – anna Jun 8 '12 at 12:42
Was just about to answer! Anyway anna in the further please specify all details around the problem, this could be solved in like a minute if you specified that you populated the array from an database using mysql_fetch_array. So make sure you provide all details that is essential towards the problem. – josmith Jun 8 '12 at 12:45
instead of what you have.
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should be:
$a=array('a'=> '1','b'=> '2');
Or if you mean you want to display the array, then
$data = print_r($a, true);
echo $data;
//would result in
Array ( [a] => 1 [b] => 2 )
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Thanks for your hint. This is a mistake..But I want the output like this.Array = ( [a]=>'1' [b]=>'2') – anna Jun 8 '12 at 12:27
thats how it gets printed... isnt it – DemoUser Jun 8 '12 at 12:29
no, I got:Array = ([0]=>'1' [a]=>'1' [1]=>'2' [b]=>'2'), but I want:Array('a'=> '1','b'=> '2') – anna Jun 8 '12 at 12:34
It should be: $a=array('a'=>'1','b'=> 2');
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//do this
//or do this
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I tried but still got number index. – anna Jun 8 '12 at 12:30
PDO:FETCH_ASSOC is the equivalent of MYSQL_ASSOC for those using PDO.
$sth = $dbh->query("SELECT...");
$a = $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58235 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
I would like to update a table in mySql with data from another table.
I have two tables "people" and "business". The people table is linked to the business table by a column called "business_id".
The necessary table structure, primary key is starred (Table: columns): People: *business_id, *sort_order, email Business: *business_id, email
I would like to update the business table email column with the email from the people table, something like this (I know I am missing something here):
UPDATE business b SET email = (SELECT email from People p where p.business_id = b.business_id AND sort_order = '1') WHERE b.email = '';
Does this make sense? Is it possible?
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2 Answers 2
up vote 42 down vote accepted
UPDATE business b, people p
SET b.email = p.email
WHERE b.business_id = p.business_id
AND p.sort_order = '1'
AND b.email = ''
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Note, if sort_order is an INT, then don't use '1' - use 1:
UPDATE business b
JOIN People p
ON p.business_id = b.business_id
AND p.sort_order = '1'
SET b.email = p.email
WHERE b.email = '';
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58236 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
A lot of People see similarities between Java and C++ .
But when it comes to web development JavaEE is beeing used. Whereas C++ has little support on that? C++ is fast. So why it isn't used in web developement?
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closed as primarily opinion-based by minitech Jun 28 '13 at 0:32
Because people don't like seeing core dumps in their web browser? – Karl Voigtland Aug 8 '09 at 13:58
C++ is sometimes used for web development, when speed and reliability is the biggest factor, moreso than rapid application development. For example, pretty much all of Google is in C++ (except for a few things that are in Java with GWT) – Tyler McHenry Aug 8 '09 at 14:02
More to Tyler's point, web front-end development is rarely done in C++. However, the front-end ends up talking to back-office services developed in C/C++ in a lot of cases. – D.Shawley Aug 8 '09 at 14:07
@Karl Voigtland: They don't like null pointer exceptions neither. – Ludwig Weinzierl Aug 8 '09 at 16:02
The lack of standard ABI in C++ is for sure one factor. When you deploy a Java servlet to Tomcat you don't have to worry about things like integer size, calling convention, compiler used, etc. You know it'll plug and fit. – Fabio Ceconello Aug 10 '09 at 17:22
21 Answers 21
up vote 77 down vote accepted
Oftentimes the possibly faster execution speed of C++ doesn't matter since the bottleneck is the database and network I/O.
So the benefits from ease / speed of development, safety (really sucks when your web app core dumps), and availability of frameworks will outweigh execution speed gains for many applications.
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Databases with C++. Tons of fun... – Partial Aug 8 '09 at 19:25
On the other side if only there would be some sort of portable framework for C++ to ease database and network management it could make the whole thing possible... – Partial Aug 8 '09 at 19:34
"since the bottleneck is the database" exactly why the server should do most things the database tries to do...poorly – user1382306 Mar 15 '13 at 4:30
C++ may be fast in execution speed, but Java, C#, PHP, etc are faster in time to market.
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I disageree. You could also make a Object.buildMeAFancyWebsite - method in C++,too. – n00ki3 Aug 8 '09 at 14:26
@n00ki3: But first you'd have to write that method, and by the time you write & debug & fix memory leaks & otherC++stuffThatPeopleHate, other guy with PHP would have already made 5 websites :) – Jakub Arnold Aug 8 '09 at 14:44
disagree all you like but in truth C++ requires more lines of code to do the same thing as a high-level language, and typically is harder to debug and prototype. – SpliFF Aug 8 '09 at 14:44
@SpliFF: Typically, C++ requires approximately the same amount of code or less compared to Java and C# in particular, due to the lack of need for try...finally for cleaning up resources. Java and C# code pays a penalty in clean-up code duplication, whereas in C++ you write it once and forget about it, and it gets called automatically. C++ is a high-level language, albeit with low-level capabilities that are used more often than they should be. The bigger advantage to Java and C# is that they have large libraries already written for them that come with the compiler. – Joel Aug 10 '09 at 21:49
@Joel - if you have that many try...finallys in your C# you're doing it wrong. Even a cursory glance at C++ vs C# shows C# to be lighter. – annakata Aug 11 '09 at 18:39
IMHO, it's all about the tool chain. Java, Ruby, etc. have mature tool chains for web development. The tools make development faster in most cases. There are some environments for C++ but none have widespread usage. The other major reason for this is that most of the newer languages are developed for application development first and general purpose computing second.
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I'd go with Karl Voigtland's answer (though I like Dan Diplo's too) but I wanted to add that I personally work for a company where speed is everything (in a comparable to google kind of way) and I still wouldn't use C++ for the web-app because the performance difference would be absolutely negligible, especially compared to the I/O bottleneck and network latency which is the real problem anyway.
C++ costs you a standard, well-documented, widely used framework (whichever one that happens to be) which makes up an enormous chunk of the work you'd have to replicate, and puts you firmly into the territory of crashing your server if something goes wrong.
So much effort and so much risk for no gain whatsoever. C++ is a weapon for an older more civilised age, it's not for the web.
share|improve this answer
+1 for weaving in a SW reference! – p.campbell Aug 8 '09 at 15:34
+1 "C++ is a weapon for an older more civilised age." – ash Jun 21 '13 at 15:32
"It's not for the web" is a bit strong. Check out boost::asio, it does all the heavy lifting and is thoroughly peer-reviewed and tested, and comes with example http client and server code. See my answer for more details. If you want complete low-level control of your http environment, it's about the best you can get. – moodboom Dec 3 '13 at 19:11
If you'd ever had to develop a web application in C++ you'd know why. Basically, there is nothing approaching the frameworks that .NET, Java or PHP have nor is there anything web-specific like ROR or Django.
share|improve this answer
Wt isn't half bad: webtoolkit.eu/wt – Evan Teran Aug 8 '09 at 17:06
The more interesting question is why there wasn't any libraries developed - C++ was used for web for 5years before Java an 15years before Ruby/PHP etc – Martin Beckett Aug 8 '09 at 18:49
The more more interesting question is why was Java created if C++ was in use already for the same purpose and good enough? – annakata Aug 8 '09 at 21:35
I think this is a chicken-and-egg situation. – R. Martinho Fernandes Feb 13 '14 at 11:04
I once worked on a extremely high-performance web site done in C++ with a custom framework. We weren't using Apache--we had a domain-specific web server that could serve our special content fast and efficiently that was hand-coded in C++.
This server processed requests that came in from what was, at the time, the highest rated prime-time television show. (The host would say "log in to ......com to play along). Instantly, 100,000 or more people would be pounding the server. One ordinary PC was able to handle the load, but we had 3 running, just in case one went down, etc.
Fact is, the systems we use for Web development now are extremely wasteful. We're trading CPU cycles for ease of maintainability.
Take a look at architectures like http://acme.com/software/thttpd/ which are extremely fast web servers.
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and this is good. What is the biggest constant in development? It is our friend Change. So having frameworks that make you application easy to maintain/customize is a huge benefit. If my server is getting slow...I just put another one next to it and enable some load-balancing. The Hardware is cheaper than having 10 people spending weeks on customizing a fast but complicated low-level application. – lostiniceland Aug 8 '09 at 14:44
CPU cycles are MUCH cheaper than development time. If it were otherwise do you really think an entire sub-species of development would have sprung up? No, we'd all be working with C++ if it was the appropriate tool. – annakata Aug 8 '09 at 15:29
we may not think about the same thing: when I hear web development, I don't hear web-server. I would not put apache or thttpd into the web development category. – David Cournapeau Aug 8 '09 at 22:17
Web development is full of people who got where they are from editing HTML, and has far fewer people who got there from C++, or C. The tendency then for most of these web developers, is to select simpler languages with garbage collection, that prioritise quick results over performance. C++ is really really not a langauge like that.
But that's only a superficial reading. Mostly it's about fashion.
share|improve this answer
IMHO and in my experience this simply isn't true. Some particular cultures (PHP springs to mind) do have a designer->developer skew, but C# and Java? You, my friend, have not seen the kind of front end code those people produce. Denouncing !C++ languages as fashionable is going waaaay off the res. – annakata Aug 8 '09 at 15:34
especially since gc is one of the thing which will make java/C# faster than C/C++, for things like string manipulation :) – David Cournapeau Aug 8 '09 at 22:30
@annakata you're probably right. nevertheless, I still thing garbage collection might be a huge factor, as manually managing memory is a huge burden, and with webdevelopment there isn't enough of an emphasis on realtime performance to cause someone to shun GC. People don't worry about GC pauses while a page is loading: That shit is slow anyway, who would notice? – Breton Aug 8 '09 at 23:45
Java is much easier to debug than C++. – quant_dev Aug 29 '09 at 19:52
I'm building a browser game in C++, and yes, some parts definitively suck (such as using FastCGI, which does not support multiple connections at once, unless you're implementing your own FastCGI-Handler, CGI even worse, SCGI doesn't support multiplexing either (but is a charm to implement) and using a custom server API isn't portable), however, once you have the environment set up, developing isn't that difficult.
For example, the following code prints out all cookies:
for( map<string,string>::const_iterator it=data[cookie].begin(); it!=data[cookie].end(); ++it)
cout << "<b>" << it->first << "</b>: " << it->second << "<br>\n";
Or, if you want to design web applications as you would with Qt, take a look at Wt, which reduces the pain of developing C++-Webapplications to the manual memory management.
share|improve this answer
Wt does automatic memory management. – Tronic Mar 27 '10 at 14:35
There's also Tntnet. – ArtemGr Jun 20 '13 at 18:19
C++ used to be a common language for web development. At the time, however, there were few viable alternatives. Languages such as C# and Java are designed for application development instead of being general purpose, so they're a better choice for web apps.
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Because the C++ is hard to learn.
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Rather because it's hard to use, and that comes mainly due to poor (relatively) standard library feature-set. – Ray Aug 8 '09 at 19:06
I think this is exagerated. I don't find it much harder than Java for example. Additionally, C# for example has a lot of quirks too. – Dimitri C. Sep 11 '09 at 10:01
When the web first came out speed wasn't a big deal. We ran the servers on Unix machines that had more than enough power to fill a 10Mb ethernet. The handfull of users were on dialup and the sites were mostly text. So we used Perl, just because it was easy to do string manipulation, some of us even used TCL (shudder).
By the time the web took off enough to need bigger more complex systems the dynamic languages had got better and came with lots of helpful libs (especially Perl). Then business bought into Java in a big way - Sun actually managed to market something!.
There's no reason we couldn't have all the web features of Java / C# in C++ but the libs weren't developed or never gained wide traction.
There was a lot of web development in C++ but it was generally in custom web servers for very high performance tasks.
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For one thing, the java and C# libraries/frameworks are much, much bigger than C++. "Standard" C++ has almost nothing interesting for web development. THe standard C++ library does not even have the slightest thing related to network, threading or portable file system access. I doubt C++ speed is much of a factor: java and C# are generally as fast as C++ in server settings (where you can use the full JIT capabilities of the runtimes, because starting times and co are of no concern).
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Java is EXTREMELY SLOW compared to C# and C++ – user122299 Aug 8 '09 at 18:33
@ראובן It's not true. Java and .NET are very close in the mean of performance to each other. – Ray Aug 8 '09 at 19:07
the claim that java is extremely slow compare to C#/C++ is laughable at best. There are several examples where C programs reimplemented in java which ended up even faster (cmu sphinx engine, for example). Of course, that won't always be true, but there is a widespread belief that C/C++ are the kings of speed, which is really not true, especially in practice when you have finite time to get to your result. Only thinking about string handling, such a common task in web devlopment, and so painful in C and C++. – David Cournapeau Aug 8 '09 at 22:29
@David Cournapeau: string handling is typically done very poorly in Java and C#, not because the languages don't handle it well but because most developers use the wrong tool (the + and += operators on the String classes, rather than StringBuilder in C#, which has been demonstrated to incur a huge performance hit if you manipulate a lot of strings). Moreover, since the advent of the STL string class (over 10 years ago), string handling is barely any more painful in C++ than in Java or C# (it's mildly painful usually when dealing with C APIs or trying to concatenate literals). – Joel Aug 10 '09 at 21:54
This "Java is extremely slow" nonsense is just nonsensical nonsense. Java has garbage collection, which means that object creation is cheaper than in C++. This means that you can write complicated, performance-sensitive code without worrying about reusing objects, you can simply allocate this array again. This makes your code clearer. – quant_dev Aug 29 '09 at 19:49
I think the answer has more to do with history than anything else.
C++ was created for tasks like systems programming long before web development existed. Since it has long adhered to ISO standards, the language itself avoids solving specific problem domains.
As far as web development goes, C++ was steamrolled by Java and everything else that came after that had web development tools baked in.
But C++ is a tenacious little beast, due to (IMHO) its powerful combination of efficiency and elegance. You typically have to look beyond C++ into libraries when you are talking about fairly high-level functionality like web development. C++'s first-class library, boost, has low-level well-designed peer-reviewed multithreaded networking tools (boost::asio). Simple http client and server examples are already provided and will grow and stabilize.
I think C++ is on the upswing in this area, given that it started working up from last place.
UPDATE: here is an example of the strict review process before anything will be accepted into boost (in this case, rejection of a process library). And as you can imagine, the review process to actually get into the C++ standard is going to be much much higher. There is a definite intention to keep the scope of C++ (and boost) tight and rock-solid.
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For every type of job you need an appropriate tool. It is possible to drive a nail into a board by hitting it with a pair of pliers, but a hammer is much better suited for it.
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Wait, an analogy where C++ isn't the hammer? – tstenner Aug 8 '09 at 16:51
Some of you need to research the concept: Resource Acquisition Is Initialization. Additionally, I haven't had a coredump writing modern C++ code in .... years? C++ is probably out of vogue because it's designed to be a portable machine code language that compiles on many architectures. Thus, no standard networking or threading libraries, and this goes up the chain to web framework.
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I am a C++ developer who first moved to Java (Scala) and then moved partially back to C++11.
A few reasons why C++ isn't widely used for web development:
• Security: Interpreters and "managed" languages (e.g. JVM) provide a kind of protection against bugs that would result in execution of malignant code: buffer overflows, memory corruption, etc. Every large program have bugs, but in Java these bugs would only rarely lead to a cracker taking control of your site. In C++ it is too easy to make a mistake (or use a library which made mistake) that leads to the system been cracked. This "flaw" in "system" programming languages is now mitigated by availability of simple system firewalls, like AppArmor. I set an AppArmor profile for all C/C++ programs of mine and I wouldn't have returned to C++ if such system firewalls weren't available.
• Ease of development: C++ only recently acquired automatic memory management (shared_ptr), anonymous functions, for loops, type inference, etc. The modern C++11 is a decent language but the old C++ was much harder to develop in than the alternatives.
• Too much diversity: in Java there is a standard way of doing web development (Sevlets), in C++ one has to find one's way between different libraries and frameworks by trial and error. The path to a good combination of libraries might in C++ take many years.
share|improve this answer
Because Web development involves a lot of HTML. In the old days of Java, there was only Servlet and this was counterproductive. So they invented JSP.
C++ is even worse than Servlet from that viewpoint.
And in the very old days Assembly Guys did pretend C++ was lame and that using Assembly Languages was much better so your question pertains to the same kind of perspective.
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because I would want to jump out the window every morning I would come to work.
Agreed that frameworks are important and solve a LOT of typical problems for you. c++ won't have those frameworks for you. Also, you may be optimizing performance at one level but this may not lead to the most optimal solution. DB access time is, with a larger site, likely a much larger concern and one that's most likely worth worrying more about than your application execution time.
Also, you're talking about web development where things change quickly. c++ is not the language of choice in this field and you'd be left standing still trying to catch up with the rest of the crowd that plays well together.
Stick with the crowd, use what's out there. Don't optimize locally. You're better off.
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Imagine you need a site. There is two options available to you: 1. Pay x amount of money and develop a site within y amount of time using .net/java/python/ruby/ect. 2. Pay x*n amount of money and develop within y*m amount of time using C++ (FastCGI). Wheres n and m are 3-5+. What would you prefer?
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Another reason is that is a lot easier to write subtly insecure code (buffer overruns etc) in C++ than in languages with proper bounds checking that abstract raw memory away from the developer. C++ requires a great deal more skill to use safely than the alternatives.
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"C++ requires a great deal more skill to use safely than the alternatives." This is true, although I doubt this is a problem for full time programmers. – Dimitri C. Sep 11 '09 at 9:55
C++ is not very handy for web development, because the programmer has to take into account that objects are destructed properly. In languages like C# and JAVA there is no need to create destructors, because instantiated objects only live in a certain scope. So in a pratical way you could say languages like C# and JAVA are more useful for web applications than C++.
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In C++, writing destructors has pretty much nothing to do with the actual memory management. If you have a destructor but don't call delete, then your object will stay in memory and the destructor won't even be run. – lhahne Aug 8 '09 at 15:52
Modern C++ programs are too using mainly automatic memory management - by wraping classes into various smart pointer implementations (mainly by references counting). – Ray Aug 8 '09 at 19:04
-1 In Java and C# your finalizers get called too late (unless you wrap everything in C# using blocks) which means that they cannot be used properly. In C++ auto storage objects (which is what you normally use) destruction always happens at the right time and in the right order (the exact reverse of construction) and the process is correct even when exceptions are being thrown during construction of objects or otherwise. – Tronic Mar 27 '10 at 14:40
protected by Sean Vieira Mar 15 '13 at 4:28
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/58237 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have tried just about everything at this point, but I cannot get a like or a comment to show up as my user, if I am logged in as the admin of a page. My app allows people to manage their pages, but even if I pass my user's access token back instead of my page's access token, it still performs the action as though it were the page. This is also true of the Graph API explorer. I've logged into Facebook, flipped over to posting as user, then ran the graph API on the post in question, generating a fresh access token from there and the post STILL showed up as the page! Is this broken? Should I submit this bug to FB?
Yes I have all the required permissions, yes I'm verifying that I'm using the user access token and not the page access token... the Facebook API returns true every time, however, even through the Graph API explorer and not through my app.
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Turns out this is a known Facbeook bug, developers.facebook.com/bugs/408406055876958.... – TPiddy042 Nov 1 '12 at 18:18
1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
This is a known facebook bug, opened in July, with no timetable for fixing it.
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