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Tag Archives: American drones
Pakistani Taliban confirms senior al Qaeda commander killed in Afghanistan
The Pakistani Taliban confirmed today that Qari Muhammad Yasin, a senior al Qaeda military commander, was killed along with three of his “companions” in a US drone strike on Mar. 19. The airstrike was carried out in Afghanistan’s eastern Paktika province. Yasin was a member of the Punjabi Taliban, which includes jihadists from various other Pakistani terrorist organizations who are aligned with al Qaeda.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/57158
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Los Angeles
Criminal Defense Attorneys
Los Angeles Aiding & Abetting Lawyers
California’s penal code 31 PC defines the criminal activity referred to as aiding and abetting. This is a crime punishable by law, and it is defined as the act of encouraging, facilitating, or aiding in the commission of any crime. Aiding and abetting is, in the eyes of California lawmakers, no better than committing the crime yourself. It doesn’t matter whether the crime is a felony crime or a mere misdemeanor. You face the same penalties and punishments as the person who is guilty of committing the crime in the first place. California law sometimes refers to aiding and abetting as accomplice liability if that helps you understand the law a little better.
How does aiding and abetting work?
The law is simple. If you help someone commit a crime whether you were personally present for the crime, you are guilty of committing the crime. The most famous example is a classic bank robbery. If your brother plans on robbing a bank and asks you to drive him, it doesn’t matter if you know he’s robbing the bank or not. He might tell you and get you to agree to drive him home. He might not tell you until he’s robbed the bank and you are ready to leave and you still drive him home.
Bother are aiding and abetting, and both are punishable to the full extent of California law. The law only requires some small type of involvement in the aiding and abetting of a criminal who engages in illegal activity. You might not use drugs or sell drugs but if you know your best friend needs to stop and drop off some drugs he sold to someone else, you are aiding and abetting him in several crimes though you don’t condone this behavior.
If you’re confused about the difference between aiding and abetting and conspiracy, there need not be an agreement between any two people to commit a crime to be guilty of aiding and abetting. If you agree to it first, you could be guilty of conspiracy in addition to aiding and abetting.
Penalties for Aiding and Abetting
There’s not a set list of penalties for someone who aids and abets because the penalties are handed out based on the crime committed. The person who is guilty of aiding and abetting is guilty of the same crime as the person who committed the crime, ad they face the same charges and penalties. This means the person guilty of aiding and abetting can be charged with a misdemeanor if they are first-time robbery offenders who steal less than $950. They can also be charged with murder and face life in prison if they aid and abet someone who murdered someone else.
The Defenses for Aiding and Abetting
If you’re caught aiding and abetting a criminal, you want to defend yourself in a court of law. You might not understand the full extent of what you’ve done, which is why you want to hire an attorney to help you with your case. Being accused of aiding and abetting is a serious crime, and it’s one that could send you to jail for many years if the crime is severe enough.
– You did not encourage or aid or facilitate a criminal
– You were accused of aiding and abetting you did not know about
– You decided at the last minute to take yourself out of this equation
– You were at the scene but had no knowledge of what was happening
– You did facilitate the crime but only later
As far as facilitating the crime after the fact, you will not walk away without penalty. However, you could see a judge reduce your charges for a lighter sentence. Perhaps you could be charged with accessory after the fact as a way of seeing a lighter sentence. You have rights when you are accused of aiding and abetting. Most people have no idea they are aiding a criminal, and that’s your strongest defense. Contact an attorney to find out what you can do and how you can do it. It’s your best shot at a better future once you’ve been accused of this.
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About the Dmcgh3
From Wikipedia
Purchase a Dmcgh3
The text above came from the DMCGH3 article on Wikipedia, licensed under the CC-BY-SA license.
Images taken by the Dmcgh3
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/57184
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New Picture Book #GIVEAWAY For PBS Series Peg + Cat Entitled: The Eid al-Adha Adventure #WIN
The emmy winning PBS Kids Series Peg + Cat has a new picture book: The Eid al-Adha Adventure and one of my readers will be fortunate enough to win one!
Peg + Cat is co-created by Jennifer Oxley (Little Bill, The Wonder Pets!) and Billy Aronson (Rent, Postcards from Buster) and produced by Fred Rogers Productions. In addition to its six Daytime Emmy® wins, including “Outstanding Preschool Children’s Animated Program” and “Outstanding Writing in a Preschool Animated Program,” the series has been honored with four Parents’ Choice Gold Awards.
I have yet to watch Peg + Cat but hope to look it up this week because we were huge Little Bill and The Wonder Pet fans back in the day. I can't wait to talk about it with my preschool class in September. It looks wonderful. Amazon has it, so I can watch the first episode tonight.
To Purchase:
To enter the giveaway, fill out the form below.
Disclaimer: No monetary compensation was offered to host this giveaway.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/57186
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Channel Loyalty |
| September 25, 2018
IRF Study: Timing is Just Right for an AI Explosion
There is a famous quote, attributed to anonymous, “We are the middle children of history, born too late to explore the Earth, born too early… Read More
Customer Loyalty |
| July 11, 2018
Behavioral Science Principles + CX = Retail Loyalists
Like many people I begin the day by checking my email, a task which normally includes sifting through no less than 30 emails from retailers… Read More
Channel Loyalty |
| July 2, 2018
Maritz Gives Back During Honda Week of Service
Not many clients ask us to take time off from working on their projects to get out and give back. For the third year… Read More
Channel Loyalty |
| May 7, 2018
Why We’re Sponsoring Conference
Huge technological trends often have humble beginnings. Think for a moment about Saved by the Bell. One of the iconic elements of that show was… Read More
Channel Loyalty |
| March 28, 2018
A Perfect Storm of Science and Art
For the past decade, I’ve been an entrepreneur running creative agencies who never planned to work at corporate again, until last fall when it seemed… Read More
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/57193
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Privacy Conditions & Processing of personal information
Information note pursuant to EU Regulation 2016/679 (“GDPR”)
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When you visit a page of our website and interact with the plug-in (eg by clicking the "Like" button) or you decide to leave a comment, the corresponding information are transmitted from the browser directly to the social network platform where they are memorized.
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Jack Smith (November 14, 1932 – September 25, 1989) was an American filmmaker, actor, and pioneer of underground cinema. He is generally acclaimed as a founding father of American performance art, and has been critically recognized as a master photographer, though his photographic works are rare and remain largely unknown.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/57271
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Genesis Chapter Twenty Five part 2, A study of Genesis 25:12 - 16, Genesis 25:17 & 18, Genesis 25:19 & 20, and Genesis 25:21 & 22 with our Common Man's Commentary
Genesis 25:12 - 16
"This is the account of the family line of Abraham's son Ishmael, whom Sarah's slave, Hagar the Egyptian, bore to Abraham. These are the names of the sons of Ishmael, listed in the order of their birth: Nabaioth the firstborn of Ishmael, Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish and Kedemah. These were the sons of Ishmael, and these are the names of the twelve tribal rulers according to their settlements and camps." NIV translation
In this family line, we see that God kept His promise to Hagar and to Abraham. In chapter 16, God had promised Hagar that He would make her descendants numerous and, in chapter 17, God promised Abraham that twelve rulers would come from Ishmael.
Genesis 25:17 & 18
"Ishmael lived a hundred and thirty-seven years. He breathed his last and died, and he was gathered to his people. His descendants settled in the area from Havilah to Shur, near the eastern border of Egypt, as you go toward Ashur. And they lived in hostility toward all the tribes related to them." NIV translation
Ishmael's family lived in the northern part of what we call Saudi Arabia. The hostility that was predicted by God towards the sons of Isaac continues even to this day.
Genesis 25:19 & 20
"This is the account of the family line of Abraham's son Isaac. Abraham became the father of Isaac, and Isaac was forty years old when he married Rebekah daughter of Bethuel the Aramean from Paddan Aram and sister of Laban the Aramean." NIV translation
Now, we are introduced to the family of the son of the promise and are reminded of the answered prayer in finding him a suitable wife.
Genesis 25:21 & 22
"Isaac prayed to the Lord on behalf of his wife, because she was childless. The Lord answered his prayer, and his wife Rebekah became pregnant. The babies jostled each other within her, and she said, 'Why is this happening to me?' So she went to inquire of the Lord." NIV translation
Like her mother-in-law, Rebekah was barren and so Isaac prayed for her. God heard and answered the prayer by giving them twins but the twins struggled with each other even while they were still in the womb. Rebekah did not know what was going on so she took the matter to the Lord. That is a reminder to us that, if we don't understand what is going on in our lives, we can ask God because He does know the why as well as the what.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/57286
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Episode 2: Six Kids and Stopping w/Stephanie Ortiz
Ortiz is the creator of the award-winning parenting humor blog, Six Pack Mom (www.sixpackmom.com), & has been featured on Buzzfeed, Daily Mail, Huffington Post, Reader's Digest, & The Steve Harvey Show. She may maintain the facade of a mature, suburban housewife, but she's really an overgrown teenager that still enjoys pranking friends & air-guitaring to Nine Inch Nails.
Follow her! @sixpackmom
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/57291
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Kreindler & Kreindler LLP
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Plane crashes in Mexico after severe-weather takeoff
Per the New York Times, 103 people were aboard the jetliner that crashed shortly after taking off from a Mexican airport, among them 99 passengers and four members of the flight crew. While, miraculously, no one lost their lives, at least 80 people who were aboard the aircraft sought medical treatment in the crash's aftermath, including the flight captain, who was in critical condition.
According to reports from passengers who were aboard, the plane initially took flight during a "driving rainstorm," and the aircraft began losing elevation rapidly shortly after taking off. Regrettably, this is not the first serious crash involving the same Mexican airline. In a 1986 incident, 64 people died when a plane crashed on its way to Los Angeles from Mexico, and another 36 passed away in an unrelated crash in 1981.
Per the New York Post, at least one American passenger who was aboard the plane when it crashed has filed a lawsuit against the airline, alleging negligence. The man said he now suffers from severe headaches after bumping his head as the plane went down, and he also asserts that he suffered damage to the muscles in his neck and shoulders. The lawsuit alleges that the airline was negligent in its decision to take off during what was obviously inclement weather.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/57333
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File information
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About this mod
Updated: Version 2.0 Brandi... is a female Breton preset, the 1st character I created in Skyrim when I first started playing a few years ago.
Permissions and credits
Updated Brandi
Version 2.0
Brandi... is a female Breton preset, the 1st character I created in Skyrim when I first started playing a few years ago. She is basically the same as when I first made her with just some minor tweaks. The first version I released over a year ago had her with Apachii hair.
The reason I switched from the Apachii hair was because the original hair I
gave her had a strange "metallic glow" to it. It must have been a mod
conflict somewhere because I couldn't figure out what was causing it. So
nothing at all against Apachii hair, its great!!... but I do like the new look. :)
The new version 2.0 has Brandi using the "MoonRiver" hair from"KS Hairdos - Renewal". In the new screenshots of Version 2.0, Brandi is using the Demoniac- Female Body Texture . This is the first file that I've uploaded to the Nexus, so I hope you enjoy using her as much as I have.
I have moved the old Versions 1.0 of Brandi
to the optional section. You can still use the
old versions if you want, but they do require
the Apachii Hair.
I also added an optional version of Brandi with Elf ears for those who want
it. I recently found out that Bretons have elves in their ancestry so it's not
to far fetched to believe that some of them may have elf ears. :)
-RaceMenu by Expired
To get her to look like the screenshots, you need the following mods...
-The Eyes of Beauty
-SG Female Eyebrows
Version 2.0 requires:
-KS Hairdos - Renewal by Kalilies Stealthic Khaos and Shocky
- Demoniac- High Quality Glossy Female Body Texture 8K 4K 2K by Regenbot03
Version 1.0 requires:
-Mature skin texture and body for UNP CBBE ADEC - V1.0 (Screenshots were made with "V2 Beta 10" so she may look slightly different with updated versions)
-Apachii Hairs Female
-Merta Assassin Tattoos (The tattoos are part of the Merta Armor set. The Merta tattoos are a separate download under the optional files.)
Manual Installation :
1. Download the Preset
2. Extract the file to a place of your choosing
3. Put the file in Skyrim/Data/SKSE/Plugins/Chargen/Presets
4. Once in the game, start a new game or type in "showracemenu"
5. Set race to "Breton" and make sure you are on female
6. Then go to the Preset tab next to the tab that says sliders, and hit F9 and look for my Brandi- Breton.jslot preset.
7. Click it, it should load.
Ingame Appearance:
Her look may vary, depending on your mods and / or ENB.
Credits and permission:
*All the assets in this file belong to the author.
*You are not allowed to upload this file to other sites under any circumstances.
Many thanks to Bethesda for this awesome game and to all authors of the mods that are listed above!
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/57340
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Green Cards for Widowed Spouses of U.S. Citizens
As if the tragedy of a spouse's death weren't bad enough, immigrants who were awaiting U.S. green cards once faced heavy barriers to completing the application process and remaining in the United States. Fortunately, if you learn and follow the rules, you have a good chance of being able to apply for and receive a green card even without the help of your U.S. citizen spouse.
Talk to an Immigration attorney.
We've helped 85 clients find attorneys today.
How It Works
1. Briefly tell us about your case
2. Provide your contact information
3. Choose attorneys to contact you
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/57352
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In the sky, the two moons were as round as wheels: one big, one small. Their brilliance scattered all over the ground, causing numerous stars to lose their shine. Even everything on the ground seemed like it was covered with silver.
The Crescent Prairie at this moment looked magnificent: vast, mysterious, and endless. Under the moonlight, the swaying grass in the distance was changing its shape, bringing Zhang Tie a sense of a sea wave moving across the land.
At the sight of the two full moons in the sky and a vast prairie on the ground, most people would abruptly feel broad minded and lose all their distracting thoughts.
Since he was born—as full moons appeared every four months—Zhang Tie had already watched them dozens of times. He thought them very beautiful, and he would have appreciated the view over a windowsill, however, today he felt that it was more beautiful than ever before.
Of course, what was the most beautiful was the increasing number of wild wolves in the valley. When it reached 30, Zhang Tie knew that his Wild Wolf Seven-Strength Fruit will get ripe tonight. Perhaps because of the nice scenery, the ferocious look of the wild wolves became cute in Zhang Tie's eyes as he thought the wolves' carnival was a grand party themed for mating. He heard some rich people in Blackhot City usually held these kind of parties at home; it was unknown whether they had learned it from wolves.
Thinking of mating, unknowingly, with his eyes fixed onto the two moons of different sizes, a bashful thought flashed across Zhang Tie's mind. Such plump, round, and bright moons reminded him of the breasts of Miss Daina and Alice. The bigger one belonged to Miss Daina while the smaller one was Alice's. After an estimation using his eyes, Zhang Tie found that they were truly similar in size. Although Alice's and Beverley's boobs were comparatively large among girls, compared to that of Miss Daina's, they were still smaller.
Seeing Zhang Tie stretch out his hands and pinched his fingers towards the two moons with a weird smile, Blues—lying on the ground nearby—immediately quivered and silently moved a bit farther away from Zhang Tie.
When the moons rose above their heads, the number of wild wolves in the valley gradually increased to roughly 70, which greatly surpassed Zhang Tie's ability to deal with in one go. If he just jumped into a pack of rutting wild wolves, Zhang Tie was certain that he would definitely be killed miserably.
The night wind from the prairie also brought the smell of wild wolves in the valley. With the increasing numbers, howls could gradually be heard one by one and the entire valley became their meeting place.
'There must be a way. There must be a way!'
When some wild wolves started to growl, Zhang Tie rapidly racked his mind, glancing over the valley beneath, not letting any detail go. If he was surrounded by 70 wild wolves at the same time, he would definitely lose his life.
'What method can I use to avoid being besieged by so many wild wolves at the same time?'
He could only use terrain, allowing wild wolves to not be able to besiege him.
Finally, at the sight of a crack extending from the ravine at the bottom to the cliff upwards 70 m away, Zhang Tie shouted inwardly, 'Gold help me.'
That crack was more than 10 m in height, the top of which was on the cliff where Zhang Tie and Blues were lying. Like it was split by a huge axe, the entire crack was about 20 m deep and in the shape of a wedge. The wider place outside was 5-6 m, while the deeper it went inside, the narrower it got before closing off entirely. Noticing this, a thought flashed across Zhang Tie's mind. He then thought up a brave plan.
He hit Blues's shoulder.
Blues felt uneasy, and in response, slowly moved aside.
"I need your help tonight. I owe you one for tonight!" Zhang Tie lowered his voice.
"I will not do weird things!" Blues hurriedly replied.
Not knowing why, Zhang Tie felt that Blues was a bit nervous tonight, but he didn't think too much on it.
"Have you seen the crack that extends downwards along the cliff" Zhang Tie pointed at the place.
"How do you feel about that crack? Whether it is stubborn and sexy?"
Blues felt goose bumps all over. Widely opening his eyes, he asked Zhang Tie, "What do you want?"
"I have a plan, a very interesting plan; I need your help!"
"What plan?"
Blues swallowed his saliva. At this time, he had already determined that once Zhang Tie said something disgusting, he would leave, and the farther the better.
Zhang Tie licked his lips, causing Blues to quiver once again.
"After a while, I will go down from there and enjoy the carnival together with the wild wolves. You can keep an eye on the scene. If I cannot stand it any more, you need to hold the wolves back so that I can climb up once again. As long as I can stand it, you just watch..." Zhang Tie revealed his plan, which was actually not a plan at all since he was planning to just fight the wild wolves by force. If he couldn't stand it and would like to escape, he would ask for Blues' help who'd cover him with his bow and arrows.
Such a sharp unexpected reply stunned Blues for quite a while. He couldn't understand why Zhang Tie would do this crazy thing at all. Why would Zhang Tie celebrate the Carnival together with the wild wolves? The word Carnival caught Blues imagination. A people with 70 rutting wolves? Happy? Did it mean that he would even f*ck wolves? That was too terrible! Blues was slightly shocked, feeling that Zhang Tie was already as terrible as prehistoric beasts.
Seeing Blues' silence, Zhang Tie mistook it , especially that bit of shock in Blues' eyes, as his consent, which pleased him.
At this moment, Zhang Tie felt that he should be slightly modest. "After exploding some of their anus, the wild wolves will definitely be driven crazy. I hope they can come in a queue. If they want to come for me at the same time, I will not deal with them!"
Hearing Zhang Tie's words, Blues' face turned whiter under the moonlight. Seeing the sweat oozing over Blues' forehead, Zhang Tie thought Blues was worrying about him.
"Trust me, I've done this kind of thing many times. As long as they come for me in turns, even 7-8 wolves a time, I can still deal with them!" Saying this, Zhang Tie patted Blues' shoulder and lowered his body, running towards that crack.
Have done this kind of thing many times? With wolves?
Blues was so scared that he almost escaped. What kept him was his curiosity. He really wanted to see what would happen between a person and 60-70 wild wolves. This was too terrifying.
At this moment, if Zhang Tie knew what Blues was really thinking about, he would have definitely spat blood for a couple of liters.
He arrived at a place about one meter away from the two sides of the crack, then squatted down and supported himself on the ground using his hands, leaning half of his body inside the crack to explore.
The walls on both sides of the crack were like two horizontal high walls for Zhang Tie. Once stepping against both walls inside, he could easily climb down from the top. Actually, the rugged walls were much easier for him to use his strength on than smooth walls .
Zhang Tie climbed down over ten meters in half a minute.
The ravine was brimming with howling wild wolves.
With six lances, Zhang Tie could kill six wild wolves. Before the other wild wolves besieged him, he could retreat into this wedge crack, during which he could kill several more wolves in the front. By then, he would have roughly killed 10 wolves. After that, he could kill ten more wild wolves in the crack. By then, he would have successfully completed tonight's mission and could safely retreat. There were only two items that he should keep in mind: first, move fast; second, don't get surrounded by wild wolves.
Almost the moment he reached the ground, Zhang Tie was very calm, and started to calculate precisely. After thinking carefully and feeling that no unexpected problems could exist, Zhang Tie pulled out two lances as he took a deep breath and rushed out of the hidden place inside the crack.
Seeing Zhang Tie rush out of that crack with lances in hand, Blues eyes widened once again. "What is he doing?" Closely after that, Blues saw Zhang Tie's marvelous lance skill...
Zhang Tie's first target was a head wolf standing on a huge rock. It was a comparatively large wolf, who was occupying the best place. No other wolves dared to fight for that place with him.
The head wolf kept raising its head and howling at the moons.
Since pack of wolves with a head wolf's guidance would be more difficult to deal with, Zhang Tie would naturally take eliminating the head wolf as his first task.
The lance fell from the sky and pierced straight through the head wolf's body, causing it to fly off the rock. But before the pack of wolves could respond, another lance arrived, nailing a wild wolf to the ground.
Within the next two-three seconds, sprays of spurting blood could be seen coming from a third, fourth, fifth, and sixth wolves after their bodies were pierced through by lances, causing miserable howls to echo around the place before death silenced them.
At this time, Zhang Tie was like a thug—he abruptly intruded into the wild wolves' party and started his massacre.
The lance containers were soon cleared. After that, Zhang Tie pulled out his long sword with his right hand and took the dagger into his left as he rushed towards the two wolves that were also charging at him. Two sprays blood spurted out, caused by the long sword and the dagger at the same time.
In a split second, several wolves pounced at Zhang Tie. He adroitly escaped from their attacks, using his long sword and dagger to kill several more wolves in the short period of time that a person needs to take a couple breaths, causing blood of the wild wolves to spray everywhere.
More wolves rushed forward. Seeing this, Zhang Tie immediately turned back and started to escape. The fastest two wolves rushed out of the pack, aiming to bite him, howling. However, Zhang Tie didn't even slow down. He just changed his footwork and wove his dagger two times, causing the two wolves to fall down to the ground.
Standing at the entrance of the mountain cave on the cliff, Blues was really stunned by what he was seeing. What shocked him the most was Zhang Tie's marvelous lance skills, followed by his brave act of challenging the wolf pack. This time, in his eyes, Zhang Tie was not committing a massacre at all; instead, he was dancing. The wild wolves were absolutely dancing in pre-prepared moves. They all jumped onto Zhang Tie's dagger and long sword one by one, causing sprays of blood to spurt out one after another.
Under that silvery moonlight, everything turned cruelly beautiful...
Not until the remaining wolves had besieged Zhang Tie and force him into that crack did Blues quiver under the night chilly wind. Thinking of what Zhang Tie had told him, he hurriedly took his bow and ran over there.
Before Blues arrived, several more wolves were laid on the ground in the wedge-shaped crack. Zhang Tie kept fighting as he retreated deeper into the crack. Soon, he had reached half the depth of the 20 m deep crack. At this position, the width between the two walls was less than two meters.
Although many wild wolves were outside, few of them could rush in and attack Zhang Tie. Like a rock battered by constant sea waves, Zhang Tie just stayed there and constantly cracked down the wild wolves' attacks, causing them to fall one after another with miserable howls.
In front of Zhang Tie, a pile of dead wild wolves soon came into being...
In Blues' eyes, both the long sword and the dagger in Zhang Tie's hands were like wild wolf grinders. Zhang Tie moved so fast, with both ferociousness and viciousness. It seemed as if he had practiced each move he used to kill the wild wolves for hundreds of times, since they were unimaginably precise and simple.
Once hit by Zhang Tie's long sword or dagger, those wild wolves would completely lose their fighting force and fall down. They would never pick themselves up from the ground again.
When Zhang Tie chopped at a wild wolf's head using his long sword, reaching only midway, so that half of the head was still hanging on the wolf's neck, blood sprayed all over his face.
After this wild wolf fell down, other wolves retreated at the same time, leaving the wedge-shaped crack. Because of their intelligence, the wild wolves understood that they won't win anything by fighting Zhang Tie here in this way.
Although leaving the crack, the wild wolves surrounded the entrance and kept watch. Their ferocious eyes were locked onto Zhang Tie as they growled in low voices. After exposing their sharp canines, they scratched the stones and soil on the ground, their bodies lowered. But even though they felt like surging forward, they dared not to do that!
Unexpectedly, the beasts were this smart. After wiping off the blood from his face, Zhang Tie burst out laughing.
"Are you okay?" Blues shouted from above him.
"I'm okay! I can still stand it..." Saying this, Zhang Tie rushed forward again with the long sword in hand. He killed those wild wolves which had completely lost their moving ability but haven't died yet.
The moment he rushed out of the crack, the surrounding wild wolves charged at him once again. Seeing that, Zhang Tie retreated for the second time. When he reached his previous place, the wild wolves exited too. During the whole rush, another three wild wolves had fallen outside.
The two parties kept repeating this process.
When Zhang Tie rushed out, the wild wolves besieged; after Zhang Tie retreated, leaving several more dead wild wolves, they would fall back too. After repeating this process several times, more wild wolves were killed outside the wedge-shaped crack, causing the pile to grow higher...
Even Zhang Tie himself couldn't remember how many times he had launched the seesaw battles with the wild wolves. Finally, seeing him rush out of the crack again, the wild wolves outside immediately turned back and escaped with their tails between their legs. Zhang Tie didn't retreat any more, instead he kept chasing behind them with loud laughter. Although the remaining wild wolves ran fast, Zhang Tie kept close behind them. After picking up the lances from the ground, he killed two more wild wolves that ran slower than the rest.
When no more wild wolves could be seen in the ravine, Zhang Tie looked around and found over 40 dead bodies lying about...
Under the bright and clear moonlight, the entire ravine was covered with wild wolves' fresh blood and dead bodies.
Everything turned tranquil again...
He really did it: chasing away all the wild wolves by himself. Seeing his achievement, Zhang Tie became stunned!
Previously, he thought that it would be him who would have to escape. Unimaginably, the wild wolves were the ones to run away. Seeing the thrilling scene before his eyes, something flashed across Zhang Tie' mind for a split second, which filled his heart, making him generous.
'It seems that I could make it. I could really make it. Even facing 70 wild wolves, I could still commit a massacre and scare the sh*t out of them...'
"I can make it!" Zhang Tie mumbled...
"I can make it!" Zhang Tie raised his voice, reaffirming it.
Raising his head, he glanced at the dead wild wolves all over the grounds. At the same time, something new appeared in his eyes...
"I can make it!: Zhang Tie shouted out loudly with eyes turning extremely stubborn.
"Ao wu..." Zhang Tie raised his head towards the sky and howled like a wolf, which could be heard in the surroundings...
At this time, Blues, calmly standing on the cliff, gazed at that youth covered with blood who had made the miracle in the ravine...
Under the moonlight, the youth wore a layer of silver frost like silver armor. It was covered with bloody marks, streaks of beasts' blood, like heraldry.
Pitch-dark night!
Full moons!
Dead wolves!
Fresh blood!
What a visually shocking scene!
Moved, Blues felt that the scene before his eyes seemed to predict something. It became distant; sadly, he was not an authoritative expert on occultism and wasn't good at predicting. So he didn't know what future was behind that distant scene.
"That guy is really handsome!" Blues mumbled...
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Creeping Fieldcress
Rorippa sylvestris
Creeping Fieldcress
Family: Brassicaceae
Weed class: monitor list
Native to: Asia and Europe
Why Is It a Noxious Weed?
This plant is on the monitor list - it is not a listed noxious weed in Washington. Please contact its sponsor P. Stevenson to report locations or for more information.
How would I identify it?
General Description
Creeping fieldcress is a perennial plant that is hairless or sparsely hairy.
Flower Description
Flowers in elongated racemes of yellow flowers. Flowers have four petals, six stamens and are around 1/3 inch in diameter.
Leaf description
Basal leaves similar to stem leaves. Stem leaves with petioles, deeply lobed (3-6 lobes on each side), the terminal lobe is often broader than the other lobes. Leaf base typically not auriculate (with lobes). Leaf margins typically with toothing.
Stem description
Stems prostrate, laying out on the ground, or growing somewhat upright, or fully upright if held up by other vegetation, up to 3 feet in length.
Fruit Seed Description
Each silique (seed pod) is straight, ending in a short beak. Seeds, if produced, reddish brown, and ovoid.
Where does it grow?
Plants grow in ditches, damp areas, pond and lake edges, sandy beaches, disturbed areas, wet roadsides, meadows, fields, and gardens. Herbarium records document Rorippa sylvestris in parts of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana and Canada.
How Do I Control It?
Additional Photos
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Phys Ed
Why Exercise Is Good for the Heart
CreditCreditGetty Images
Even a single workout could be good for the heart. That’s the conclusion of a fascinating new study in mice that found that 30 minutes on a treadmill affects gene activity within cardiac cells in ways that, over the long haul, could slow the aging of the animals’ hearts.
Although the study involved mice, the results may help to explain just how, at a cellular level, exercise improves heart health in people as well.
There’s no question that, in general, physical activity is good for hearts. Many studies have found that people who regularly exercise are much less likely to develop or die from cardiac disease than people who are sedentary.
Still, researchers have remained puzzled about just how exercise alters hearts for the better. Exercise is known to improve our blood pressure, pulse rate and cholesterol profiles, all of which are associated with better cardiac health.
But many scientists who study the links between exercise and heart health have pointed out that these changes, considered together, explain only about half of the reported statistical reductions in cardiac disease and death.
Other, more complex physiological modifications must simultaneously be taking place within the heart itself during and after exercise, these researchers have speculated.
And recently, researchers at the University of Maryland in College Park and other institutions have begun to wonder whether some of these changes might involve telomeres.
Telomeres are tiny caps on the ends of chromosomes, often compared to the tips of shoelaces, which help to prevent fraying and damage to our DNA. Young cells have relatively long telomeres. As a cell ages or undergoes significant stress, its telomeres shorten. If they become too abbreviated, the cell stops working well or dies.
But while shorter telomeres indicate biologically older cells, the process is not strictly chronological, scientists have found. Cells can age at different rates, depending on the lifestyle of the body that contains them.
Aerobic exercise, in particular, affects telomeres. In past studies, masters athletes have been shown to have longer telomeres in their white blood cells than sedentary people of the same chronological years, suggesting that at a cellular level, the athletes are more youthful.
But while it is easy to obtain and look inside white blood cells, far less has been known about telomeres within cardiac cells.
So for the new study, which was published this month in Experimental Physiology, the Maryland researchers and their colleagues turned to young, healthy female mice. (They chose females because they tend to run more readily than males.)
The researchers wished to see what happens inside heart muscle cells after a single workout. So they taught some of the animals how to run comfortably on small treadmills and then returned them to their cages for several days so that their bodies would lose any aerobic conditioning. Other mice remained sedentary as a control group.
Then the runners were placed back on the treadmills, where they ran at a tolerable intensity (in mouse terms) for 30 minutes, a workout designed to simulate moderate exercise in people.
Researchers took tissue samples of the animals’ hearts either immediately after they had finished running or an hour later, and also gathered samples from sedentary mice.
The scientists looked for changes within the animals’ cardiac cells in the levels of certain proteins that are known to directly prevent telomeres from shortening. They also looked at the activity of other genes that help to keep DNA in good repair. These genes release proteins that are thought to help cells adapt to the physiological stress of exercise and, in the process, also indirectly maintain telomere health.
It turned out that immediately after a single, 30-minute jog, the runners’ heart cells were noticeably different than those of the animals that had not moved. In particular, they showed higher levels of the proteins directly related to telomere length. These increases were slight but consistent. The runners’ cells also had markers of greater activity in the genes that respond to DNA stress than the nonrunners’ cells.
These findings indicate that a single, moderate workout beneficially alters telomere biology in the heart, says Andrew Ludlow, who was a doctoral candidate at the University of Maryland and lead author of the study. He currently is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
Presumably, such changes would accumulate with repeated training, he says, and over time help to keep cardiac telomeres longer than without the exercise.
That process could be slow, though. In this study, many of the effects seen in the animals’ hearts immediately after the run were beginning to dissipate an hour later, with protein levels dropping back almost to those seen in the sedentary mice.
So it may be necessary, Dr. Ludlow says, to stick with an exercise routine for some time in order to realize the cellular benefits for the heart.
It is also worth repeating that this study involved mice, not people.
But the implications are encouraging. It looks like getting up and moving may start to immediately change how the heart’s cells work, Dr. Ludlow says, in ways that “seem to make gene expression more youthful and keep the heart young.”
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Macrothesaurus for Information Processing in the Field of Economic and Social Development
Fifth Edition
OECD Development Centre
This new edition of the Macrothesaurus for Information Processing in the field of Economic and Social Development represents a continuation of the combined efforts of many organisations over a period of almost 30 years to create a common vocabulary to facilitate the indexing, retrieval and exchange of development-related information. The Macrothesaurus comprises descriptors (keywords) designed for indexing books and documents covering the field of economic and social development. It can also be used as a search aid for documentation centres, libraries, databases and on-line networks. Efforts have been made to improve the user-friendliness and flexibility of the Macrothesaurus by increasing the number of non-descriptors (i.e. cross-references) and scope notes in this edition. The preparation of this fifth edition was guided by an Advisory Committee composed of representatives from the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the OECD Development Centre, Paris.
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How Toddlers play
Play is the work of childhood. It's the laboratory in which children figure out how the world works, who they are, who they might be, and what they can andcannot do.
Not all play is the same, either in its style or its effect. Watch closely some of the different types of play your child engages in and you'll see how sheis taking on the world.
Symbolic Play
To an infant or a young toddler, a block is a block. If she has more than one, she might stack them or pull them apart. But once she's about 2 years old,she can start using blocks for much more. In her eyes they can become a house, a car, or anything else she wants.
Toys become symbols for other objects.Your child may try to feed her doll as if it were another baby. If you look carefully, you may see that she sometimes holds her doll or teddy bear the sameway you hold her.
This type of symbolic representation shows you how sophisticated her brain is becoming. It also allows her to prepare for or work through potentiallyfrightening events. For example, a savvy pediatrician who needs to check your child's ears for infection may begin by looking in the ears of the doll shebrought with her to the exam. That allows the toddler to anticipate what will happen to her and helps remove her anxieties.
Parallel Play
Toddlers need playmates, yet they play with them quite differently from the way older children play together.Place two 18-month-olds with similar toys near each other in the same room, and you'll note that they don't seem to pay much attention to each other.
But look more closely, and you'll notice that if one picks up a truck, the other is likely to do the same. If the first child looks at that truck and says,"No" (a toddler's favorite word), the second is likely to imitate him and yell, "No!" as well. If the toddlers are old enough to have more advanced verbalskills, you might overhear them having what sounds like a conversation that doesn't make sense. "Puppy ride car." "That's a big truck!" "Is puppy hungry?""My truck. Vroom, vroom!"
This is an example of parallel play.Unlike older children, who interact and communicate directly, toddlers play in parallel. While they may appear to be playing independently, kids thisage are keeping an eye on each other's behavior.Parallel play is often a first step in forming strong social relationships outside of the family. Parallel playmates are your child's first friends.
Imaginary Play
Among young children, the line between fantasy and reality is delightfully fuzzy. An older toddler or a preschooler can fight dragons or fly to the moon,all without leaving his bedroom. If you want to build a child this age a fort, all you need are two chairs and a blanket to drape over them.Pretend play serves many purposes and pushes the boundaries of play. It allows your child to explore new ideas and experience life from a differentperspective.
Starting at around age 3,pretend play often expands to include the creation of imaginary companions. These pretend friends often do things that the child cannot or dares not.A pretend buddy may be highly demanding or speak rudely to adults and older children. He may have magical powers or tremendous strength or wisdom. This isa way for a child to experience life from a different perspective and to toy with the notion of power. It's also a way to fix the blame on someone elsewhen the child spills juice on the Persian carpet.
While the appearance of an imaginary companion sometimes worries parents, it should not. In fact, it should be celebrated.Research by Dr. Jerome Singer at Yale University found that preschoolers who had imaginary companions also tended to have greater imaginations and biggervocabularies than their peers who did not. In addition, they were generally happier and got along better with classmates. Interestingly, quite a few ofthose children didn't tell their parents about their imaginary companions.
Collaborative Play
Preschoolers progress from solitary and parallel play to collaborative play. It's at this stage that your child learns to masterimportant new social skills, such as sharing, taking turns, obeying rules, and negotiating. These are all very difficult behaviors for a young child tolearn.After all, at this age, your child believes she is the center of the universe!
• When a preschooler wants something, the thought of giving it up to someone else is almost unbearable.
• Learning to share is made even more complex by the confusing ways in which we use the word share. (If we ask a child to share her toys, she'll get them back in a short while, but if we ask her to share her cookies, she never gets them back!)
• Preschoolers have an easier time sharing if they've already spent a lot of time playing games in which they give something to a parent and then get it back again.
Taking turns.
• A preschooler's desires are urgent and immediate. When she wants something, she wants it NOW!
• Taking turns requires that she delay gratification and imagine what it's like being the other children who are playing.
• The empathy she has already learned at home and during parallel play will help.
Obeying rules.
• All young children want to win the games they play. Most will do whatever they can to win, even if they have to cheat a bit.
• While we adults may indulge them, their peers will not, resulting in meaningful (and tough) lessons on the importance of following rules.
• Who gets to go first? How do you decide which game to play? Who gets to be the sheriff and who will be the deputy?
• Collaborative play requires your child to give as well as take, to compromise on what he wants -- a hard thing to accept when you're the center of the universe.
Once your child can negotiate, share, take turns, and follow rules, he will be well on his way to navigating the school playground, the high school dance,the college dormitory, and the corporate boardroom.
So watch your child when he plays. You'll gain tremendous insights into not only his social development but his thinking abilities as well. Besides, it's alot of fun.
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Bing Pong
It seems like building classic gaming into modern search engines is the thing to do nowadays. Google has done it with Pac-man and even a Zamboni. At one point, you could play Pong within your Google AdSense account to celebrate 10 years of the platform.
Not to be outdone, Microsoft is now wading into the black-and-white waters of Pong. If you head over to Bing and search for Pong, you'll be able to play a very simple version of the game right in your browser. Yes, you're playing against the computer and, yes, it's classic Pong—nothing crazy, just paddles and a ball. Still, it's…fun?
The game appears to work in all browsers. The first to five is the winner, but you can always click to play again, and again, and again.
It's unclear exactly when Microsoft introduced the game to Bing, but we found a Reddit post from about two months ago that mentioned Pong on the search engine.
For a crazier Web-based version of Pong, check out Google's Cube Slam. The raw fundamentals are similar to Pong (with some extra power-ups built in), but the graphics are much improved. And if you're good, you'll be slamming the ball directly into your opponent's face (assuming he or she has a webcam running at the time).
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Welcome To Ponnivala
All 26 Episodes of Animation that tell this story are now available on a single pen drive.
The Legend of Ponnivala is an ancient epic from South India. Originally sung by Tamil bards in the Kongunadu region of South India, this tale is at least five hundred years old. It tells the history of the Kongu region, but is no mere folk tale...
Our team has taken the ancient Annanmar Kathai and retold the tale in vibrant colour. Using traditional 2D art stylings and modern digital technology, we've built a complete graphic novel and animated series in both English and Tamil...
Critical and audience acclaim for the 26-episode animated series has brought The Legend of Ponnivala to television screens and desktops via streaming video around the world. Watch trailers and clips, and see what all the buzz is about...
Project News
On October 14th and 15th, 2015 a conference was held in Prague entitled “Making Anthropology Matter.” The discussion centered around […]
Dr. Beck in Prague The President of the Sophia Hilton Foundation spoke in Prague (capital of the Czech Republic) yesterday. She […]
This particular scene conveys just one key message: the king has had a very prosperous growing season. The harvest has […]
What People are saying about our graphic novels?
Renuka Murthi Age 11
I practically devoured all of these books in one day. I'd recommend this book for everyone, really: kids, adults, seniors; it's an amazing tale that will attract readers of all ages.
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The EPS file format
EPS or Encapsulated PostScript is a standard graphics file format for exchanging images, drawings (such as a logo or map) or even layouts of complete pages. An EPS file internally contains a description of such an object or layout using the PostScript page description language. It can include both bitmap and vector data. The purpose of an EPS file is to be included in other pages. Sometimes EPS files are called EPSF files. EPSF simply stands for Encapsulated PostScript Format. EPS files have the extension .eps or .epsf.
This page discusses:
EPS is still in widespread use, but it is essentially an outdated file format that no longer evolves.
• For exchanging logos or drawings, it has been replaced by the native file formats of Adobe applications.Adobe has made it easy to drop a native Illustrator or Photoshop file in an InDesign document. Given that most people work with the Adobe Creative Cloud or Creative Suite software, EPS no longer makes sense as an intermediate file format.
• For exchanging complete pages or advertisements, it has been replaced by PDF (just like PostScript itself is also being phased out and replaced by PDF).
Even though PDF and native file formats are the way to go, your existing library of EPS files will still remain usable for a long time. Here is what Dov Isaacs from Adobe said in a discussion on a PrintPlanet forum: “ …Adobe will continue to support EPS as a legacy graphics format for import of non-color managed, opaque graphical data into Adobe applications (such as InDesign and Illustrator). Although we certain do not recommend that new graphical content be stored in EPS format (except to satisfy the need to import data into page layout programs that aren’t quite PDF-centric — no need to mention names here!), our user base should feel comfortable that there is no need to worry about a need to convert their very sizable libraries of EPS-based graphic assets.”
The basics of EPS files
An EPS file can contain any combination of text, graphics, and images. Since it is actually a PostScript file, it is one of the most versatile file formats that are available. EPS-files usually contain a small preview image that is used to visualize the content of the file. This is done so that applications don’t need a PostScript interpreter to display the content of the EPS file. Even office applications such as Microsoft Word can display the preview image. If an EPS file is sent to a printer that doesn’t support PostScript, it is once again this preview image that is printed. The quality will not equal that of the read EPS artwork but at least there is an image on the print-out. There are millions of people working with *.eps files without realizing how complex the artwork they are using really is.
How to create EPS files
EPS files can be generated by all professional drawing applications as well as most layout applications.
• The most widely used application to create EPS files is Adobe Illustrator. Illustrator’s native file format is called AI. An AI file is smaller than the corresponding EPS file and it retains all of the editing capabilities of Illustrator. The advantage of saving as an EPS is that it is easier to use the file with other (non-Adobe) applications. If you need to send artwork to another company and you do not know what software they will use to process your creation, use EPS or PDF.
• Image manipulation programs like Adobe Photoshop can also save bitmap images as EPS-files.
• Some printer drivers are capable of generating EPS-files as well as PostScript files.
How to view EPS files
Viewing placed EPS files
When you place an EPS file on a page in a layout or word processing application, that application needs to visualize the content of the EPS. It can do this in two different ways:
• It can display the preview image that is embedded in the EPS file.
• It can attempt to render the content of the EPS file and generate a preview image that is optimized for the current screen size and magnification. Only a few applications, such as Adobe InDesign, are capable of doing this. Since this operation can be fairly processor intensive, InDesign will only do this if the display quality selected by the user is set to High.
Viewing EPS thumbnails in operating systems
Seeing the content of an EPS can be a real hassle, both on PCs and on Macintosh.
• EPS thumbnails in Windows
When an EPS-file is viewed in the thumbnail view of Windows Explorer, a generic icon is used. Below are for example 2 EPS-files viewed in Windows XP.
EPS-files in Windows XP
EPS-files in Windows XP
For other file formats such as JPG or PNG, Explorer shows a thumbnail of the actual image content. This can be very practical when dealing with large amounts of files. There is a little tool called PS+Ai Thumb which at least partly solves this problem. It works on some images but not on all types of EPS files, as shown below. I’ve only used it with Windows XP. It does not work on the 64-bit version of Windows 7.
EPS files in Explorer with installed
EPS files in Explorer with PS+Ai Thumb installed
The best solution is to use a more dedicated image browser or viewer. Below is what Adobe Bridge displays. Bridge is bundled with applications such as the Adobe Creative Suite or Photoshop.
EPS files in Adobe Bridge
EPS files in Adobe Bridge
• EPS previews in Mac OS X
In Leopard the situation is a bit similar to that of Windows: viewing EPS thumbnails works fine in applications like Adobe Bridge but in the Finder or QuickLook you don’t see a preview. Fortunately there is an excellent plugin called EPSQLPlugIn which fixes this. It can be downloaded here.
Apple eliminated this limitation in OS X 10.6. Below is how the above two icons look in the Finder in Snow Leopard.
EPS files in OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard
How to convert an EPS file to another file format
An EPS file can be converted to PDF, TIFF, JPG, PNG or other graphic file formats.
• If you are an Adobe Illustrator or Photoshop user, just open the EPS file and use SAVE AS to export to another file format. CorelDraw and other drawing applications can also be used to do the same.
• If you do not have any of the above-mentioned applications, there are web sites that can convert an EPS to an image. Google and you shall find.
Keep in mind that converting an EPS that contains vector data to an image file format that only can contain bitmap data means you are converting to a file that is optimized to be used at one specific size. The page on bitmap versus vector graphics explains this in more detail.
How to reduce the file size of EPS files
Logos and other types of artwork are often saved as EPS files. It makes sense to try and keep the file size down. There are a number of things you can do to reduce the size of EPS data:
• Often the preview image that is embedded in an EPS file makes up a large part of the EPS data. If you originally filled a landscape A4 or letter size canvas with a logo, the A4 or letter sized preview image can easily exceed half a megabyte. If the logo is a vector based drawing, there is no disadvantage in reducing its size and making it 10 centimeters or 4 inches wide. That may halve the file size of the EPS file.
• An application like Adobe Illustrator saves additional information in its EPS output. When saving as an EPS file, you can select the file format. By selecting Illustrator 9 instead of Illustrator CS5, I shaved 200K off the file size of an EPS. Take into account that saving in an older file format may impact your ability to edit the EPS file afterward.
• Get rid of unnecessary data: In its Action window, Adobe Illustrator has an option to delete unused palette items. This deletes unused color swatches, brushes, symbols, and styles. That may reduce the file size by an extra 200 to 400 K. Also make sure that there isn’t any irrelevant artwork hidden in a deactivated layer or the pasteboard area.
• Try optimizing the design by simplifying paths or merging multiple paths into a single one.
• If the EPS file needs to contain bitmap images, make sure to use the optimum resolution for these.
Additional information can be found on this excellent page.
More in-depth information on the EPS file format
An EPS file must conform to the Adobe Document Structuring Conventions (DSC). These are a set of rules that define how PostScript data should be organized.
At a minimum, it must include a header comment, %!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0, and a bounding box comment, %%BoundingBox: llx lly urx ury, that describes the bounds of the illustration. (The specification does not require the EPSF version, but many programs will reject a file that does not have it.)
The EPS program must not use operators that initialize or permanently change the state of the machine in a manner that cannot be undone by the enclosing application’s use of save and restore (e.g.. the operators starting with ‘init’ like initgraphics). As a special case, the EPS program may use the showpage operator. The importing application is responsible for disabling the normal effects of showpage. The EPS program should make no environment-sensitive decisions (the importing application may be trying to attain some special effect, and the EPS program shouldn’t screw this up), although it can use some device-dependent tricks to improve appearance such as a snap-to-pixel algorithm.
There are some operators that should not be used within an EPS file: banddevice, cleardictstack, copypage, erasepage, exitserver, framedevice, grestoreall, initclip, initgraphics, initmatrix, quit, renderbands, setglobal, setpagedevice, setshared and startjob. These also include operators from statusdict and userdict operators like legal, letter, a4, b5, etc. There are some operators that should be carefully used: nulldevice, setgstate, sethalftone, setmatrix, setscreen, settransfer, and undefinefont.
EPS files can be encoded using 7-bits (ASCII, like PostScript data usually are) as well as 8-bits (binary, which is virtually always done on Macintosh because it decreases the size of the file significantly). 8-bit EPS-files cannot be handled properly by all operating systems or applications.
The image preview
EPS files can optionally contain a bitmapped image preview so that systems that can’t render PostScript directly can at least display a crude representation of what the graphic will look like.
There are 4 preview formats:
• PICT, mainly used in files generated on Macs. The PICT file is stored in the resource fork of the EPS file while the actual PostScript data are stored in the data fork. PICT is the default file format of QuickDraw, the graphics model that is used by MacOS 7/8/9 applications to generate the screen display.
• TIFF: Most EPS files created by Windows applications contain a TIFF file for preview purposes.
• Metafile: Some EPS files originating on PC contain a Windows Metafile preview. WMF or Windows Metafile is the PC equivalent of the Macintosh PICT file format.
• EPSI which is an EPS file with a platform device independent preview. EPSI is an all ASCII (no binary data or headers) version of EPS. EPSI provides for a hexadecimal encoded preview representation of the image that will be displayed or printed. EPSI files were documented by Adobe as a means of providing a preview for EPS files which would be cross-platform. In reality though, DOS machines and Windows favor embedding TIFF or even Windows Metafiles in the PostScript. EPSI is mainly used on Unix systems.
It is also possible to have an EPS file without a preview, though. In this case, the imported file is usually displayed as a grayed out box or a box with diagonal lines running through it.
The preview image has a fixed resolution, which is usually 72 dpi. If you enlarge an EPS file in a document, the preview image is stretched and may become ‘blocky’ and lacking in detail. This does not necessarily mean that the EPS-data themselves will degrade in quality. As long as the EPS-file only contains text and vector graphics, scaling it does not affect its quality.
If you print a file containing an EPS-image on a non-PostScript printer, it is usually the preview image that gets printed. The preview image is ignored when you print to a PostScript device.
Although an EPS file contains PostScript data, you cannot always send it straight to a printer to have it printed. Some interpreters cannot handle the preview data that may be included in the EPS file. Others don’t output the file because the ‘showpage’ operator is missing. It can also happen that the printer does process the job but outputs a blank page because the content of the EPS-file was located outside the printable area.
EPS-files can contain PostScript level 2 operators that make it impossible to output the file on an old PostScript level 1 device.
Name: EPS
Developer: Adobe
Release date: mid 80’s
Type of data: vector, bitmap & fonts
Number of colors: unlimited
Color spaces: ?
Compression algorithms: ?
Ideal use: information exchange between prepress applications
Extension on PC-platform: .EPS
Macintosh file type : EPSF (sometimes TEXT)
Special features:
Remarks: manual available here
Additional sources of information
Wikipedia has an elaborate but fairly technical page on the Encapsulated PostScript file format.
11 February 2017
218 responses to “The EPS file format”
1. Rob Pailes says:
All of a sudden today all of me eps files are opening to a blank box with the transparent background? Can you assist me?
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3. soanl says:
4. olivier says:
quand je recadre un pdf et l’enregistre en eps, acrobat me met un cadre blanc tout autour le l’eps. comment je peu suprimer ceci?
5. Prem CM says:
Spell Error: saved in “I shaved 200K of the file size of an EPS”
Spell Error: confirm in “An EPS file must conform to the Adobe”
Please fix it
• Laurens says:
I think both of your corrections are wrong, but I appreciate the feedback. I did notice that ‘shave off’ needs two f’s in it.
6. Sasa says:
Hi all! If I send out an EPS file for the purpose of printing (created in Illustrator), can I rest assured that all images and fonts in EPS file are automatically embeded and visible on another computer, or I need to embed in AI before creating the EPS file? Many thanks!
7. beto says:
I have an Hp 4015n and need to print eps files from mathtype linked on my indesign. My osx is 10.6.7. It’s possíble? Answer me please!
8. Derek Willoughby says:
I have recently received an EPS file and managed to open it using Irfanview V 4.28, the plugins will also need to be installed. After opening the file it can be saved in various formats. The program can be downloaded for free at Hope this helps.
9. Ricoh says:
lots of people need help…no one has been able to help us.
• Ben says:
…Welcome to life, help yourself you lazy ass.
A lot of the unanswered questions are either a. really stupid and easily answered if you bothered to do any research yourself rather than expect to be spoonfed or b. already answered here if you again would just read rather than expecting answers handed to you.
10. trowe says:
Casey, maybe check your viewing settings at work: Document Raster Effect may be 72ppi. It is still a vector, right?
I am exporting an EPS from an InDesign File. When I import to Illustrator CS5 my file is made up of random, small boxes and not one whole object. Please can someone tell me how to fix this? Or even why? Also, the artboard size doesn’t save.
11. Casey says:
I have created a logo in illustrator. I have turned my fonts into outlines and used the pen tool for the designs and then used a brush stroke for those lines. I saved it as a esp. however taking it into work it looks pixalated and the words are also difficult to make out. What went wrong in the process/ is there anything wrong. IF i send it to a client will it still give them the capabilities they need?
12. sarah says:
I am currently working on making a logo for a company I wanna make sure i do this right an eps file is a vector format correct? Also this is a format that if i wanna print on a banner or business card the image will not be distorted like a jpg would correct??
13. Ricoh says:
Can’t tell you a straight answer, as much as people may feel the same with my question.
You should try finding out if its when you change the size while in photoshop and make a bigger image/canvas and see the difference between the files of you original image and the one you made bigger. If that doesn’t do it, might be the “include” options when you save your eps file.
hope it helps!
@ Others anyone with an answer for my question 😛 ?
14. BENRO says:
what reason when tiff image convert into eps in photoshop the file size was heavy can u tell me with example
15. Ricoh says:
I couldn’t see a clear answer about how to save in eps format so at the moment I re-open the file I can choose it’s DPI and size, by that I mean the window that auto-pops when you want to open it in photoshop. I need that but for some reason I can’t find how I saved my previous EPS file that can open with theses features. My latest saves with EPS format jsut opens as I saved them and I can’t choose to make it smaller or bigger at opening…
Please reply as soon as you know what I mean and tell me what the real term/word for this feature. It has probably been discussed before but couldn’t understand it because I dont know the word that specifies this feature.
Thank you
16. zeke says:
Hey all,
Thought it should be stated that you must hit “Select All” in order for your vector line to appear once Illustrator file is opened, otherwise you’re looking at a blank screen. Spent 3 hours trying to figure out where the art was.
17. Barb says:
I am a designer at a university, working on a Mac in Adobe CS4. I am in the process of creating various file formats for our new logo for downloading off the main site. Starting with the original AI CS4 file, I am making EPS (for use with pro design apps, spot color), Tiff (Mac & PC compatible for print from Word or Powerpoint), and PNG (cross platform web use with transparency). Most users will be placing within Word or Powerpoint and printing to their office printers. Do you think my choice of formats are appropriate for most PC users?
18. Adrenaline says:
My agency provides logos in various formats to clients (jpeg, tiff, eps). This has always worked fine before, but now that my client has Acrobat X Pro, when she tries to save or open an eps file, it automatically converts the file to a pdf. I am trying to troubleshoot this problem from afar. Any ideas?
19. designmegija says:
I send EPS file to my client, but he says that when he opens EPS file the picture looks different from JPG-
swirl- type design. These swirls are only where I used gradients. But I dont see any swirls when I open EPS file on my computer. Maybe I do something wrong at the save as EPS process? I use Adobe Illustrator CS5.
Thanks in advance.
20. James says:
I would really apprechiate any advice you can give me. I want to produce a glass paperweight for London 2012 with the logo cut into it.
The manufacturer I am using has told me he needs an eps graphics file of the logo but I am not sure what size, resolution etc he needs.
Hope someone can point me in the right direction
21. Cor Caroli says:
I have created a logo in iDraw . It needs to be an eps file for the sign guy that will cut the vinyl. Is there a way to convert this?
22. Cheaz says:
I have a client emailing me an .eps with several logos in it. He claims they are on different layers. When I import the .eps file into CorelDraw X3, is there any way to access these other layers? I can’t seem to see anything other than what’s on the top. PLEASE HELP!!
• Laurens says:
An EPS file can contain information that is not generic in nature but that can only be processed by a specific application. In this particular case I assume the file has been created with Adobe software, most likely Illustrator. You’ll need that software to be able to access the vendor specific data.
23. Helen says:
How do I convert an EPS file into a JPEG format?
• Laurens says:
Adobe Photoshop can do this and I think Illustrator can save an EPS as a JPEG image as well. If you only need a low resolution version, place the EPS in any application that can properly display EPS files and take a screenshot. Save that screenshot as a JPEG.
24. Jude says:
Michael, do you mean how can you edit the eps to get rid of the background? If this is what you are asking, Laurens has already made comments in regards to editing eps files. See comments on 02-27-2008 & 08-22-2008.
The way I understand eps files is that many many different programs can save as eps, so eps is only a COPY of another “original” file. The best way to edit the contents of the eps is to actually get the original file from which the eps originated. Most likely, the original files are never to be found.
I use two different programs to edit eps: I use Adobe Illustrator to edit the vector elements on the eps, and if there are any raster elements (bitmaps), I extract them and bring them into Photoshop to edit those individually and then place them back into Illustrator. Yes, usually jumping through hoops has worked for me in the past.
25. Michael Abiodun says:
I have a logo saved as an eps but it has a white background, what is the best way to get the logo without the background and without it loosing any quality
26. Jude says:
I wasn’t sure if I was allowed to put a link to my own website?
I know my answer is a little late!
27. Jude says:
Amy, how to make a jpg into an eps depends on what software you will be using. With Photoshop you can just save as eps. But if what you need is a 100% vector eps then you will need to convert the image pixels into vectors. To do this you will need a vector program like Adobe Illustrator and either use the automated tracing tool or manually draw vectors with the pen tool, or buy a bitmap to vector conversion software. If you don’t need vector eps often, just use an online vector conversion service.
28. Amy says:
The answer may be in all these comments but Im not even going to attempt to read them all.
I have a logo that was sent in a jpg format. I need to make it a proper EPS file.
Im working in CS4
Whats my best way to go about doing this?
29. Mahesh says:
I have created EPS file using Adobe Illustrator 10,
When I am trying to open in CorelDraw 12 the line styles are changed,
I want exact line style as it is in source file,
Please suggest,
Thanks in advance
30. Trustno1 says:
Okay, I tried to read trough all the posts but got to 75% and quit. PDF is ADOBES own VECTOR/BITMAP program. so you can specify in distiller whether to make a HUGE FILE LIKE FOR PREPRESS USES. Or for internet use, as in specifying SMALLEST FILE. and you PDF file will be really small. On the EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) side, there are fewer output options, because the EPS format is pretty much a Vector based application which translates pictures in your document into a Mathematical vector format, ergo your file will be huge if you have ANY PICTURES IN IT! If not the text based only files will be small because they are all based on Mathematical or Vector Formulas. So they will be very very tiny. In EPS you cannot specify the compression of your picture within your documents. However in a PDF file you can shrink your file down as far as it will go! But you need to set this in the Adobe Distiller Program and set it to smallest size possible. Hope this helps some of you out there.
31. ikram says:
sir i have data entry work throw the net i dont know where it come from which fromate i have change the formate into the .tiff and it came different lang so that i didnt ahve wht i want
i need the document copy and eidt those files which shown in the docment
which is currently done by the ms word or text docment plz tell me how to convert
32. Luiz says:
I would like to know if EPS is compatible with z/VM 5.4.
Thank you
33. Art says:
Hi, I am looking to start an apparel company that will have printed graphics. this is all new to me, but I would like to be able to purchase a library of graphics, manipulate them slightly and then have them printed on T-shirts, caps, etc. I understand that eps files is the favored way to print high quality, but don’t know where to start, can you help me?
Thank you very much!
34. Brooke says:
Every time a save a large .eps file on my macbook pro it will not save!!!! it either crashes or says that it can not be printed. Its something i designed. It should work. I have tried everything!!! i have deleted unused files and still nothing!
35. Nancy says:
I have created an illustrator graphic (1.71MB) and saved it as an EPS (5.93MB) and the client wants the EPS file but smaller in size… How can I accomplish this?
It’s just a logo, 4.5in x 2in and I used a drop shadow. I read another forum and changed the drop shadow from a filter to an effect, but the file size didn’t change.
Other than 2 drop shadows, it’s basic text and shapes.
HELP!! please…
36. marques says:
Which one displays better quality, an eps file or a pdf?
37. Vasan says:
Hi, I got a eps file without EOF. I can open the EPS file. My questions is does EOF is required for printing. Can you provide me some tips on this please.
38. Jessika J says:
I am producing a document with several eps images in it. How can I compress them? I am making a .pdf for web viewing and it comes to 7 MB which surpasses my “limits”. I am thinking the problem lies with the image files. I tried saving some of them as jpg instead, which took too much out off the details and the -pdf actually came out heavier.
I am using my company’s pdf setting which normally works, not much I can alter there.
39. Jeannie B says:
I have been handed Word docs that have EPS files (originally Illustrator) inserted in them. Without having the option to remove and re-embed the art, my job is to run a Macro and then save each file as a PDF.
The problem is that the EPS art image looks pixelated/deteriorated on the Mac that can run the Macro (since Macros don’t work in Word 2008 for Mac, only Word 2004), and so the art shows up in the PDF looking terrible.
The weird thing is that the EPS image looks perfect when I open the same Word doc on the Mac with Word 2008, but I can’t process it there.
Is there a plugin or a graphic filter or setting that will make the embedded EPS image look good in Word 2004 on this Mac, so that it comes out looking OK after the processing?
I’ve read the entire string (and quite a few other sites) but haven’t found a situation quite like mine… the one from Mike Z on 1/29/10 is the closest.
40. kuroari says:
okay, i did a logo the other day and it was in jpeg. but then the person asked me for an eps format cause they wanted it in higher resolution… do i just open the file in photoshop and save it as eps? or do i have to make a whole new one?
• Kevin says:
JPG is a image made up of little squares, An EPS is a vector graphic two totally different things, yes if you intend sending logo to someone that wants an eps you will need to do it again. otherwise your just sending them an image file named different but still an image file.
41. tom D says:
What does the file extention AI mean??? plz help me!
42. Hossein says:
tnx for your helpping
i have some file in this format(*.eps)and it contants some vectors that i need them.
would u plz present me a software that i can use.
thank you
43. Jonathan M. says:
Dear All,
Very grateful for any brainy ideas on the following puzzle.
I wrote my thesis in 2000 as a Word 97 document.
The document included .eps files inside it.
Now, 10 years later, I need to print a copy of this thesis. I have Word 2007.
The problem is : the pictures are no longer visible or printable! On the screen, only the box is visible, with some sentences (Title of the picture, Creator, CreationDate). Printing yields only the box, not the image.
Are all my pictures lost?
Very grateful for you help.
44. Len says:
If I send the file to the printer in eps format do I need to convert all text to outline and embed all image? if yes why?
45. Laura says:
What is the difference between an EPS and an AI file? When do you need to use EPS and when AI?
Kind regards,
46. Lernr says:
1. Is it ok to design a logo in Photoshop and then save that as an EPS file? Is this the way professionals do it?
2. How do you edit the EPS file? I opened it in Photoshop but I see just one layer so I can’t change the colors etc. When I open it in Illustrator, I can select the individual components but I can’t seem to be able to change the color.
Appreciate your help.
Thank you.
47. David Blake says:
We recently released an update to our PSD codec that provides thumbnails for most EPS files on Windows 7, including 64 bit versions.
A free trial is available.
48. John says:
I am using Illustrator to convert a dwg to eps. The eps is used to print a scale for a gauge.
When the eps is printed the size is unpreditable. It seemed to be slightly small so we scaled it up to print at original size. The first 4 scales were perfect but the 5th was too large.
This happens when printing to a Mimaki printer or a HP LaserJet 5550
49. Samizafar says:
I am a adobe illustrator CS2 trying to export or save as eps format It’s 4 col. vector design but it appear pallate of “can’t save the illustration Can’t print the illustration.
Please help us Thanks !
50. Kevin says:
I am attempting to convert a jpg image to an eps image. I have tried two programs which ‘apparently’ convert the image (by that I mean create a *.eps file). However, it would seem that what actually happens is that the converter simply ‘inserts’ the jpg image into the eps file (that is, maintains the raster image within the vector shell of the *.eps image, or similar — I don’t know the exact terminology). Does anyone know of a program(s) that will convert the jpg to a ‘true’ eps image?
My thanks.
• Uwe Laubender says:
@Kevin: EPS does not mean it’s all vector data. It’s just that the contents of the file is described in a special PostScript format (Encapsulated PostScript to be precise). Be it vector, be it bitmap, be it font information, be it special programming or a mix of all four flavours at one time.
So to convert your bitmap jpeg to vector data you have to use a tool like Adobe Illustrator or Corel Draw to perform that task first, then write it to eps-format. Just changing the output format would not do the trick.
51. Nick says:
I am a newbie using CS2 trying to give design toa printer. It’s a black and white coloring but printer sent me this message:
I can’t un group anything to work with it at all- it is set up as 4 color process- it needs to be converted to a 1 color spot.
Please help. I have no clue what to do.
52. Ken S says:
Is there any way to determine if an eps file is a vector or a raster file without opening it first in Illustrator or Photoshop?
Our marketing staff requests vector eps files from clients but often receive raster eps files. They have no way of telling which is which. They pass them on to the art department and then we have to request a vector logo again. Hope to end this cycle somehow.
Thanks for your time.
• Laurens says:
Interesting question – I think the best solution would be to set up some kind of preflighting system that has a preflight rule which is set to fail when images have a resolution lower than 10 dpi. All eps-files with bitmaps in them should fail the test. Files that don’t have any bitmaps should pass the test and be moved to another folder.
The big question is obviously if the automation saves enough money to justify purchasing a preflight application capable of doing this.
If so, you’ll have to go through the hassle of finding a system capable of doing this. Most preflight systems nowadays are PDF-based but I would think it is still feasible to find one that can cope with PostScript and EPS as well.
53. Kwilli says:
Lauren you are a hoot. Thanks, but I realized text has been outlined and is therefore uneditable. But, thanks!
54. Kwilli says:
I have a logo that I need to edit one word. The file opens in Illustrator Cs5, but I can’t figure out how to edit it. Please help w/ basic 1-2-3- steps. THANK YOU!!!!
• Laurens says:
It is impossible for me to improve upon the help-function of Illustrator itself for a 1-2-3 guide on how to edit text.
55. Jelmer says:
I saved my work as .ai and also as .eps using Illustrator Cs4 on a Mac. When I tried to open them on a Pc today, it says it can not open them.
What to do? I’m on a deadline and deperate to solve the problem asp. Can someone please help me with this?
56. Candy says:
I am placing a logo file in Word and need the screen resolution to be as clear as possible. The logo is in Illustrator. I have been trying 300 dpi Photoshop tifs as an example. Is there a better way to achieve clarity? What do you suggest for the lowest file size and highest clarity on the screen as well as print?
Thank you.
57. Thomas says:
I have a question. Where do I get the EPS software? I need one for my pc.
58. Siddharth says:
Please anyone tell me what does the below line signify in EPS files and what can be done to produce it :
bf_xp 600 sub bf_yp bf_ph add neg -560 add translate
33 dup scale
59. Tony says:
I have a printer who claims he needs EPS format files where as all the other printers say PDF is fine. Since both are Postscript what is the difference? Should I be sending EPS to everyone? Is one any better than the other in terms of quality?
60. Gordon Van Dalen says:
I have Photoshop .eps files which have a large file size. Saving as a .tif file reduces the file size. Is there any loss of quality when doing this? Files are placed in InDesign CS3 for printing.
• Laurens says:
As long as you use a lossless compression algorithm a TIFF file is as good as an EPS (and whenever possible actually preferable if you ask me).
61. Joanna says:
Forgive the simplistic question, but I have saved an image as an eps but do not appear to be able to upload the document as it is ‘greyed out’ and I cannot select it when I go to files. Appreciate some insight.
• Laurens says:
Upload to where? If you are trying to use the graphic as an illustration in a web page, I can understand that the authoring application refuses this. EPS was never meant to be used for web graphics.
62. Shannon says:
Hello, I have a customer for whom I have designed a logo, and had a graphics designer produce the logo in Illustrator.
When I place the graphic designer’s EPS file in InDesign, the image degrades terribly. The curves become jagged both on-screen and on printouts. He has sent huge TIF files as well as EPS files, but the only thing that changes is the degree of jaggedness of the edges. Is this something that might be affected by a setting that I am not aware of? I appreciate any insight or direction you might have to offer.
• Tania says:
Very new to all these applications – have a logo that I have done as an AI file – and now want to save it for my client to use…. I thought eps / tiff but when I group the logo and save it as an eps it imports as the a complete page (A4 page). Is there something I can do so it just brings the logo in?
• Laurens says:
@Shannon: On-screen you see the preview of the EPS, which may indeed be inferior to the actual output. The output to a printer is only good on devices that are capable of properly processing an EPS, typically PostScript printers. On cheap devices the output may look pretty awful.
@Tania: An Illustrator eps has the dimensions of the largest object in the drawing. If you put a big rectangle in the background to emulate some kind of background, your EPS is going to be as big as that rectangle. That is the usual explanation for odd EPS dimensions.
63. Jenevieve says:
Having a lot of trouble with InDesign crashing when I try to export a document with eps files in it to pdf. When I convert the files to ai – super fast – no problems. I have been trained to always save to eps but I’m beginning to wonder if that is still necessary. Am I likely to run into major issues by avoiding eps files in the future?
64. Dave says:
I’ve also encountered a recent problem with EPS files in a Word 2003 document (Win XP Pro SP3) – they printed fine using a PostScript driver when the document was created in November 2009, but now the typefaces are corrupted, e.g. printing Courier instead the original (Haettenschweiler).
65. Mike Z. says:
I’ve been trying to import some .eps figures created with Matlab into a Word document but they look scrambled, e.g. lines broken into multiple out-of-place segments, or have gaps in the lines.
The imported figures appear this way on the screen, when printing the document, and when converting to a .pdf. I can open the figures themselves in gsview or convert them directly into .pdf and they look fine.
The figures look scrambled both in Word 2003 and in Word 2007. I created some of the figures 3 years ago and imported them into Word 2003 at that time with no problems, but now importing the same figures into the same version of the Word doesn’t work properly.
I also get different behavior if I create the figure with the -tiff preview (get regularly spaced gaps in all the lines) or without (get smaller segments of the lines broken up and jumbled around).
Anyone have any ideas on what causes this or how to fix it?
66. Emily says:
Can I edit an EPS file? Is it possible to open an EPS file as an editable format i.e. photoshop, illustrator or indesign?
• Len says:
Based on my experience illustrator is the best application to edit eps file specially if its originally a vector graphics, just open it straight away to illustrator, however if the images are embedded and text are already in outline when the eps file was done editing it would not be possible unless the client supplies the native original file.
67. Usman says:
I have a customer that has a photoshop graphic that has been converted to an eps file format. On his end he can separate the layers. When sent to us and imported into Corel, it imports fine, but comes through as a bitmap and cannot be separated. what program should i install for opening EPS file format?
68. Dan S. says:
Our printer is demanding EPS formated graphics files. Our software (solidworks) cannot export to EPS. If I use Gimp to convert, my grahpics are degraded. The images are shaded, so they are raster. What is the best solution to get these images into an EPS format without degrading them?
• Laurens says:
GIMP is a bitmap editor. Any file opened in it will be converted to a raster image. I’m not into CAD software but my guess is that you should export a vector file format such as DXF and then use one of the numerous DXF to EPS converter tools that keep the vector data as vector data. I’ve done that a few times with Adobe illustrator but there are cheaper, more powerful and more automated solutions for such a specific task.
69. Isaac says:
Please how do i save a file in an EPS format for web use. actually that one will be able to apply your color on the web.???
• Laurens says:
EPS is not a file format that is suitable for web use. JPG, PNG or even GIF are more suitable when it comes to raster images. Flash or SVG are better for vector images. Stick to one of those file formats instead.
70. Stacy says:
How do edit an eps file? And would you use Photoshop or Illustrator? How do I find which fonts were use?
71. jace says:
I have some graphics in shape files needed to be written into eps file. Can I use some programing tool to finish this? Or should I directly write these graphics into eps format file by using postsript language?
72. Fin says:
I can’t get a “.eps” or “.ai”, that has been saved on a Macintosh, to work properly on my PC. I can open it in Illustrator and I see text, graphic and images. I haven’t got the correct fonts that is being used, fine, but the problem is that the layers is now messed up. They’ve been grouped, mixed up, and words and letters has been cutted out in different layers.
So is it even possible for me to work with these files when they are saved on a Macintosh?
73. JigZ says:
Can I convert PDF into EPS?
If yes, can you tell me any reliable software to do that?
74. MarkP says:
I have an EPS file which I open with “Corel Paint Shop Pro Photo X2”. When I open the file, it immediately asks what DPI i want to open the file with – I leave the default as 72. I needed to change the colour in the image and then save it again as an EPS file. When the file saves the size changes from 384kb to over 1mb. IT seems that the file size changes based on what DPI i nominate when I first open the file when I make the changes. The problem is I don’t want to save the EPS with a predefined DPI because re-opening later and wanting a higher DPI will make the image blocky. Why is this happening, how else can I change the colour within the EPS without affecting the EPS file so much?
Much appreciate any help with this.
75. Frank says:
I am inserting EPS illustrations into word (2008) on a Mac (power pc) and the illustrations are getting scrambled/corrupted when someone opens the file from a PC (with windows) and sends the file back to me. One suggestion has been to use PNG format but I am concerned my illustrations will lose detail when printed. Any suggestions?
76. Jeff says:
I have a .eps file that I created in Il CS4 which I sent to a company that states they can not open the file with their Il CS3. They say I need to save it as a CS3 version. Are they right? If they are right, how do I do that.
• Laurens says:
When you save an EPS-file in Adobe Illustrator, the EPS Options window has a pulldown menu to select the EPS version. Simply selecting ‘Illustrator CS3 EPS’ should to the trick.
77. Julia says:
Hi, this may seem like the simplest question to ask but I’m very new to this! I need to submit files in the .eps (or .tiff) format. At the moment they are pdfs. I can convert the pdf to an eps, but it needs to have a preview and I am not getting this, any tips on how to get a preview would be great! Or, just in case anyone knows, how can I convert a pdf to a tiff!? (good quality, not the print screen kind of quality), thanks! 🙂
78. SteveSmith says:
I’m not sure if the following problem is one created through my own doing with some incorrect colour setting or process however I would appreciate any comments. The problem I have is when I place a CMYK EPSF file as a link into CS4 Illustrator and then save the file as a PDF using the standard high quality print settings. The resulting image within the PDF becomes Lab 24 bit. Converting the image to a CMYK Photoshop file and placing the same way produces a correct result (CMYK) likewise embedding the file produces a correct result.
• Laurens says:
I haven’t tried this with recent versions of Illustrator but in the past placing links was often a bad idea as the link would easily get lost. That left you with just the bitmap preview image of the EPS – which is most likely what you are also experiencing as well. Why not export the CMYK-file directly as an EPS from Photoshop, avoiding the complexity of yet another app (Illustrator)? Less steps in the process = less complexity = less problems (usually at least).
79. JohnBratby says:
Sure – thanks for the reply. My images will be vector, but they’ll get printed on a printer at some stage, which will presumably have a DPI setting, so I guess if I allow DPI to be specified in my software, at least it’ll allow an estimate of how big the image will be, assuming it’s not resized in the meantime.
80. JohnBratby says:
I’m writing an application that will create EPS files for a specific purpose. Does the concept of DPI apply to EPS files? It seems to me that it shouldn’t, but some people still seem to talk about DPI in relation to EPS files.
• Laurens says:
If an EPS file simply contains a bitmap image, that image can have its resolution specified in the file. For vector data this is not the case but there is the ‘flatness’ setting which in a way is linked to resolution. I think in early versions of Adobe Illustrator ‘flatness’ was referred to as ‘resolution’ or ‘output resolution’, which may explain the confusion.
81. Pavan says:
I have crated some graphics in adobe illustrator cs .how can i open these files to adobe illustrator cs3.
82. nelson mandela.k says:
it is the one of good file formate.because i am using this.i am getting good result.
83. Lisa says:
I have created a logo in illustrator CS3 (macintosh) and need to provide an PC user the same logo to use in word on a background. I can’t seem to provide her with a file that doesn’t contain a white background. What do I need to do to provide her this?
• Laurens says:
I don’t think you can actually avoid this. As long as the Word-users print to a PostScript output device, the output should actually be OK since it are the highres data that get processed. I can imaging that on printers using PCL or GDI the EPS-preview is used and you keep the white background on the print-out. An alternative might be to look at a file format that supports transparency, such as PNG. The logo won’t be vector based but as long as the resolution is OK that should not matter to much. PNG offers good compression ratios so the file size might also be fine.
84. Shannan says:
I created a logo for my client in Photoshop. Her sign guy has asked me to send an eps version of it to him because he needs the outline for his printer. how do I do this?
• Laurens says:
If you used one or more paths in Photoshop and these are what the sign guy needs you could COPY and PASTE them to Illustrator and save as an EPS.
85. Ganesh Kame says:
How to create EPS file
• Laurens says:
Without knowing from which application or type of file you want to start, it is going to be difficult to answer that question. As a general rule, most drawing applications as well as most layout programs are capable of creating an EPS file
86. Patrick says:
I have a customer that has a photoshop graphic that has been converted to an eps file format. On his end he can separate the layers. When sent to us and imported into Corel, it imports fine, but comes through as a bitmap and cannot be separated. We are a screen printing company that need the layers for color separation. The one thing I don’t know is if the document was originally created in photoshop. I also don’t know if that matters.
87. Carol says:
When I tried to import an eps file to convert to PDF, the eps file showed up on the bottom corner of the page, how should I do to correct the location? Any help is greatly appreciated!
88. Saranya Harikrishnan says:
I have some eps files, which I tried to open using Adobe Illustrator CS3. However,I am unable to open them I get an error “Operation could not be complete because of an unknown error”. Is the file corrupt?
• Laurens says:
Not necessarily. Adobe do not guarantee that Illustrator can open every single EPS-file that you throw at it.
89. wasim says:
How can i open a eps FORMAT FILE
90. sesmith4205 says:
I recently received a file passed down through about 4 people at my company; its an eps file that no1 can figure out how to open – we’ve tried Corel Draw, Adobe Illustrator CS4 (trial), Adobe photoshop cs2, Importing into word and other programs — you name it, we’ve done it. I still cant manage to open this file and its pretty important.
In viewers it tells me “Cannot load image. Invalid or unexpected file format.”
In editors it tells me “The file ‘blahblah’ is an unknown format and cannot be opened”.
Is the file just corrupt or what am I doing wrong??
• Laurens says:
There are so many esoteric applications that can write EPS-files that it is not surprising to come across files that cannot be opened with the usual tools. TUse Distiller or another tool to convert the file to PDF and then try editing this file in Acrobat/PitStop or Illustrator. YMMV!
91. Karen says:
I am trying to convert an EPS File with the data type being CMYK true color however the file is not converting. I have tried several different programs in order to convert this file but it will not convert. Is there a certain type of program that I need in order to open and/or convert this type of file. The software i am using says it converts EPS however its not converting and I am not familiar with this type of format. Any advice you can give?
• Laurens says:
Without knowing that you mean by ‘CMYK true color’,what you are trying to convert to, which applications you tried or what the EPS-file was created with, it is impossible to tackle such a question. In general converting EPS-files is a tricky process due to the fact that it is such a complex file format. There are much better conversion tools and plug-ins on the market for PDF (Acrobat, Pitstop,…) so if possible, converting the file to a PDF and then transforming it might be a good idea.
92. Gerard Connolly says:
I have designed a logo for a client but she has replied to me stating that the person whom she has chosen to print the graphic requires it to be sent in ‘eps’ format. I am unsure of how to do this. Could anyone please explain this procedure.
Thank you
• Laurens says:
A lot of drawing applications and lay-out programs can save data as an EPS file. You do not explain which application you used but check the FILE menu option to see if EPS is not listed in a SAVE AS or EXPORT menu option.
93. Lekan Falowo says:
I want to send a webpage to a friend via email without sending a link to access it online. Is EPS file format the best to use ?
• Laurens says:
No, EPS is a horrible file format for web content. Open the page in a browser window, use FILE > SAVE AS to store a copy of the page on your local disk and mail this to your friend. Internet Explorer 8 even has a direct ‘Send page as email’ function.
94. Lucy says:
Other than Adobe Illustrator — what other software will allow me to import an EPS file so I can edit it ( change colors, remove layers, etc). I have a MacBook now — use to have a PC and I was able to do this in Powerpoint for Windows. I’d import and then ungroup the object and be able to change anything I wanted.
I bought Powerpoint for the Mac but it will not import EPS files. I really don’t want to spend $600 to buy Illustrator as I just need to do these minor edits once in a while. Are their alternatives out there to let me import and edit EPS files.
Tks for any help.
• christine says:
I am wondering if anyone left a response to your question, I also would like to know about ungrouping an eps file so I can pull the letters and layers apart and edit.
95. Laurens says:
Kerry, an EPS-file is not necessarily limited to vector data, it can also contain an image. Simply opening the PSD in Photoshop and saving as an EPS might already do the trick. Why the printer cannot handle PSD is beyond me.
Maria: I do not have Photoshop Elements and do not know what it is capable of. As for placing an EPS in a lay-out application: that is probably documented in the manual of your unnamed layout application.
96. Maria says:
Hello, Just received logo in EPS format.
Can PSE 6 convert from EPS to png or jpg?
Or perhaps you can expain please how to place eps in a layout application, etc.
97. Kerry says:
I have a PSD file and am required to convert it to EPS (outline) format so that I can send it to a printhouse. Do I just open the PSD file in photoshop, make an outline of the picture and then save it as EPS?
Your help would be greatly appreciated! Thanks!
98. Laurens says:
Ula, Illustrator & Photoshop & tons of other tools can convert an EPS in a PNG or JPG file. You could even place an eps in a layout application, take a screen capture and use that to create a web-optimized image.
Chris, the 100$ challenge thread at ( has the perfect answer(s) to your questions. Spoiler: there is no good reason any more 🙂
99. ChrisC says:
Why would you save a photoshop file as an eps and then import it into Indesign? Does it reduce the file size?
100. Ula says:
Hey hey, ouyeee such a great foruuum!
I have a question – how to convert an eps file back to a pdf or somethin suitable for uploading on a webpage, for example myspace? thank youuuu all!
101. cam says:
I have a small sign shop in which the software is arcaic. I can only import .eps files and most people arenot able to provide such format. What is the easiest & cheapest way for me to get this type conversion tool. It seems that most folks are able to download in .pdf but as I mentioned, I cannot convert the files to be able to view them with my software. By the way, dont laugh to hard, but my OS in Windows 98.
Thanks in advance-
102. Laurens says:
It is weird that I ran into a page that explains this while searching for a reason why .tif files become .tiff when I download them. For .eps to .ps extension weirdness, here is that technote:
103. Rebecca says:
Thank you so much for all the useful data on this website but I do have a question. I am trying to publish some eps files for download from a website. This works fine on my local machine but when it goes up on to the server the download is bringing the file down as a ps file. Any ideas why?
104. gerald says:
have you tried scribus? It might be a bit overkill, but it opens eps
105. Laurens says:
There are printers that support PostScript as well as other printer languages such as GDI or PCL. If you print from Mac using a PostScript driver, the vector data of the EPS get printed. If however you happen to use a non-PostScript driver from PC, the preview that is embedded in the EPS gets printed instead of the outlined text, causing low-res output. I think this is the most likely reason why EPS-files sometimes don’t print properly. Using the proper driver should solve the problem. Embedding higher res data would also assure (somewhat) better output quality with the disadvantage of leading to a larger EPS-file.
106. Judy says:
I am trying to produce a letterhead template in Word 2008 (Mac) to be used by people using Word 2007 (PC).
The letterhead portions are eps files created in CS3 Illustrator, outlined text, saved as tiff black and white. They are inserted into Word and used as headers and footers.
When I print the Word doc from my Mac it prints perfectly. When I print the same doc from a PC (to the same printer) it is pixelated.
Does anyone know why and how I can fix it?
107. MichaelB says:
I’m currently working with Corel Draw 10, i’m tryin gto open a Selection of EPS Files created on Illustrator 13 but they will not open.
I get the standard box which asks me do i want to display text as curves etc but when i click ok i get a corrupt file error.
With some others i get a typecheck error .. do i need an updated copy of Corel Draw or is this a problem from when the EPS files were created ?
108. Laurens says:
To convert an EPS-file to AI, how about opening it in Illustrator?
That application can also be used to open an EPS-file and rework it for web use. You could also try to do the same with Photoshop. If you have another application, place the EPS in it, take a screen capture and use that as a starting point for the web graphic.
109. Andrea says:
a friend asked me to help them design their website. She wanted to use the same logo for the site header as a business card the company uses..I recieved the logo from the printing company that her company uses and it is in eps format. How do I convert the eps file to be used in a website design? This is the first time I have ever used an eps file.
110. petree says:
i bought the vector brush from go media.. and i open that brush file.. and it was format as eps file.. how can i change it to ‘ ai ‘ file?
111. Jason says:
Hi, I was sent an EPS file and I’d like to open the Layers of it. It doesnt open it with layers..
can anyone help me?
112. EPS (Encapsulated Postscript) is a language not a format. It isn’t really designed to be edited, but “dropped in” to documents for printing. The Postscript output device (printer) will then render the image at the time of printing. Programs such as SignGo are designed to drive cutting plotters so need to extract outlines from the EPS file to make them usable. As a result they become editable. However this does not guarantee accuracy as the result depends upon interpretation of the language. If you want an accurately editable transfer the best format to use is EMF (Windows Enhanced Metafile) in my opinion.
113. Laurens says:
Strictly speaking, an EPS doesn’t have to be editable. There isn’t any standard application on the market that promises to be able to open any EPS-file. Some high-end solutions may be able to do this but they cost a fortune.
If anyone wants to open your EPS-file, the best way may be by converting it to a PDF and opening it in Acrobat or another PDF viewer/editor. An Acrobaqt plug-in like Pitstop may offer the right tools to edit your file.
114. Deepak says:
Hi i have a eps file which is not at all opening, i tried all the softwares, almostall. mine eps file is genrating from my database server n its opening in developer2000 and from there i can mail to any 1, but i cant open that when i download it.So i am stuck here i want a software which can open my eps file if requied i will send that eps file.
115. Thomas Staub says:
If you only want to include the graphic somewhere you could convert it with an online tool like .
116. Laurens says:
I’ve been kept busy at work lately, hence these late replies:
– If you open an EPS-file which has text in it for which the font is not embedded, the application used to open the file will use another font. This can lead to character substitution. Even if the font is available on the local system but the EPS was generated on another platform (eg created on Mac and opened on a PC°, this can lead to this type of problem.
– To open EPS-files in PhotoShop, use File > Open 🙂 Photoshop cannot necessarily open any type of EPS-file.
– I have no experience at all with IBM’s AFP-system, sorry about that. The same is true about converting PowerPoint pages to EPS.
117. Lea says:
What are your recommendations for graphic file format when working with AFP print files? We were told to use EPS files and convert to AFP format.
In some of your comments, you say to stay away from EPS and use PDF, so should we be using PDF files and convert them to AFP? Are there no impacts when using PDFs and converting them to AFP?
118. anant says:
i have created a page in powerpoint , now can i change it into a eps?
119. Mike says:
What I want to know is how do I open a ESP file in PS CS3?
120. Michael says:
First I would like to thank the authors for the comprehensive information already covered on this page.
I have been working on EPS files for quiet a time. I receive them from several sources never knowing how they were created. My output is always tiff, uncompressed.
My current problem is as follows: Opening an eps file in Adobe Photoshop certain content may get lost (such as e.g. the ® sign) without any error message or warning.
I remember that there were also error messages appearing when certain fonts were missing on a machine. In other cases a Parser error indicated that there were some (even more serious) problems. But now, with a foreign file opened without any error message it is somehow like a guess whether the contents shown are the same as the sender created or submitted.
Note: Currently the problem mainly arises with PS Version 6.0; I recently updated one machine to CS3 (Vers. 10) and the resulting content was different (® was displayed for example). With PS CS and 6.0 on one machine the problem also exists with the older version not with CS. Thus I guess its not just a font problem.
Any suggestions to reliably get the ‘correct ‘ contents of an eps file also in Photoshop (without upgrading all the machines)?
Thanks a lot
121. Oala Iuda says:
I was using Acrview GIS 3.2a to create maps and always exported as jpegs but later decided to use wmf but then decided to try ‘postscript (eps)” which came out pretty good. Honestly did not know the format EPS definition and its uses. However, a graphic artist is using InDesign to develop some document so decided to use .eps format.
I have two EPS files. I put in some text (numbers mainly). I selected the font size but they certainly don’t look the same size when placed into an InDesign document. What am I doing wrong?
123. grapfx says:
for ttss….download ghostscript for windows
this should open the eps file and let you convert/save as a pdf with a 300 dpi setting and it should import with corel ( at least Corel 12, I don’t know about earlier versions) with a minimal of issues. If you can’t open the pdf, try just saving it as a .PS file.
If there are no raster images then you should almost be good to go. There might be some clean up.
124. ttss says:
I have been sent an EPS file that I can open in Photoshop but I can’t open in Corel where I actually need it. I need to print it on my vinyl cutter. How can I open it or save it as curves.
125. Osman says:
If I had to submit a design (it has both images and un-rasterized texts) I did in photoshop CS2 in both EPS and PDF formats, what should be the ideal setting for each? Could you help me? Thanks…
126. Laurens says:
You can use the outline tools from Illustrator itself to do this.
127. BETSY says:
I received an artwork in jpg format from my client, however I need a vector file in ai. for printing plates processing. how can I convert jpg into ai or esp?
Thanks a lot.
128. Barry Allan says:
I am trying to load .eps files into Illustrator CS2 V.11. I am getting an error message that reads “either not enough memory or file is too complex” and loads the file in black and white. I need to extract one colour out of the CMYK file and add it as a 5th colour. The eps files are exported from ArcGIS 9.2
129. Iris says:
my client has Word 2005, and his word can’t preview the EPS file i created in CS2 (I have saved it down to Illustrator 8). Does anyone know how to resolve this problem?
130. Iris says:
I saved my EPS logo file created in CS2 on my MAC for my client who uses Word on his PC. I tried saving it as Tiff-8 bit, and he can’t insert it. I read from above responses that I could save it down to Illustrator 8, but I don’t have the native Illustator 8 on my Mac anymore, so I won’t be able to convert it for PC user once I have saved down to 8….please instruct what to do.
Do saving my eps as pdf will solve the problem for my client? He needs the logo for high quality printing. And how about if the logo has transparency, how does a pdf addresses that on my client’s machine. Thanks much.
131. Dave says:
To View EPS Files Do this
1. Go here and install this
2. Go here and Install this
For Step Two Make sure you Download the file for your O.S and CPU
132. Brian says:
Hi I have a question. I recently purchased a vinyl cutter that will be here soon. I have some line art I made that I would like to make into vinyl decals. I have adobe ps cs2. What file format should I save these files under to use with SignGo Pro?
Just trying to get my ducks in a row before the cutter arrives.
Thanks in advance for any help!
133. Jim Laragy says:
Hi, I’m trying to automate screening eps files before they go to the printer for things like fonts that weren’t converted to outlines, image size, colorspace not CMYK. Can anyone recommend a tool to extract/valiadte information from a eps file in a Unix scripting environment?
134. Laurens says:
Unfortunately there are two things about the EPS file format that make this a pretty difficult issue to tackle:
EPS is not really an intermediate format that is meant for editing. Adobe Illustrator can use it in this fashion by adding lots of Illustrator-specific data in the EPS-files that it creates but that is just a clever way of using the technology.
There is also no cheap universal EPS-editing tool that can be used to open any EPS-file and edit it. There are high-end editing applications from vendors like OneVision that might pull this off but more affordable packages like Corel Draw or Adobe Illustrator really only excel at handling EPS-files written by themselves. You could always try converting your file to PDF and trying to edit the PDF data.
135. Dave Crone says:
Hi, im trying to open an EPS file using Corel draw and all i can see is a greyed out box with a few lines of text in it, can someboby please help me open this so i can use it in my marketing project.
Regards Dave
136. A. Gardiner says:
I need to send our logo for some screen printing and they want an eps file with vector lines. Te instruction they give me doesn’t work. I have saved them as photoshop eps files, then opened them in illustrator, and they look ok. When I place them into a blank illustrator document they look horrible.
I use Photoshop 7 and Illustrator 10.
137. Lawrence says:
When using eps formatted files to store .dxf and .dwg type documents from CAD, what is the best program to use in order to preview the eps file in its highest resolution?
138. Laurens says:
Daniel, it’s been ages since I looked at PostScript code. Text can indeed be plain readable text (I remember fixing a typo this way ages ago) but I don’t know any longer how it is identified.
139. Cynthia says:
We are required to have EPS images of our sponsor logos in order to use them on our fundraising posters. We use Publisher to create posters. We are unable to see the EPS images when doing this. Is Adobe Illustrator more compatible?
• Laurens says:
Cynthia, I don’t have Publisher at my disposal to test things out but here iswhat is likely happening: for display purposes, EPS-images contain a small embedded preview or thumbnail image. This image can be either PC-style or Mac-style. Since graphic arts works mostly with Macs, most EPS-files have a Mac-style preview image embedded. Most professional layout applications can display both PC and Mac style previews. There are however applications that cannot handle both types of previews. I suspect Publisher is one of them.
There are two possible solutions for your problem:
– convert the EPS-files to PC-style EPS files. There are Mac tools that can do this but a quick search didn’t pop up any PC equivalents (which are bound to exist somewhere)
– Move to a professional lay-out application, in which case Adobe Illustrator wuld indeed do the trick.
140. Daniel Koo says:
Hi, I am trying to better understand the overall EPS document structure. Namely, if there are any plain text included in the document as plain text, not image, is there a way I can parse through the document and identify these texts? I noticed that some labels are surrounded with [( and )]?
Any thoughts greatly appreciated!
141. Laurens says:
A number of drawing applications like Adobe Illustrator or Corel Draw can open EPS-files and save the data as a bitmap file. If you only need a low resolution bitmap, placing an EPS in an application like InDesign, selecting the best possible preview quality and then creating a screen capture is another possibility. You could do the same thing by opening the EPS in Acrobat professional.
142. Christopher says:
I have somewhat of an opposite question from the few I read (I didn’t read all the comments though, I gave up). I need to know how to convert an .eps graphics file into a .jpg or a bitmap file, is that possible and how can I do it?
143. Debbie Evans says:
I have created ai and eps files for people to download from my website and cut on their vinyl cutters. I am having a terrible time with our eps files. They test fine on my computer…but don’t work on others. From what I read above, it probably has to do with the 8 bit way I am saving the file. How can I lower the file size in corel draw…I have found that the file name has something to do with how it works as well…any exact format as to how a file name should read. I really appreciate any help.
144. Laurens says:
I deleted a message from Scott who posted a cryptic message using an incorrect e-mail address. Please use a valid e-mail address if you post comments on these pages.
As for the occasional smutty ‘joke’-messages: this server logs IP-addresses and a simple search tells me which school you are from. Go play somewhere else.
145. Aaron says:
Thank you for your feedback. I’m most concerned about using existing open source programs, not making the programs myself. (Though I can see how I didn’t make that clear.)
146. Laurens says:
Maybe the question is really about writing such a program yourself? In that case there are indeed some pitfalls as some of the compression algorithms used in PostScript are proprietary. Understanding the legal consequences of font embedding would also be useful, especially for TrueType fonts that can have a flag to indicate that they should never be embedded. I have never read or encountered any info on this topic so I cannot really point to better sources of information.
147. sledger says:
Software companies who produce applications which can export to those formats have already entered into a licensing agreement with the copyright holder. You need not concern yourself about such issues as they are not yours to worry about.
If you own a legal copy of the software you use to export these file types, then you are legally covered.
148. Aaron says:
Please forgive an odd question, but is it legal to use non-adobe programs to export .eps files? Specifically open-source programs? I’ve been searching for an answer to this about several adobe formats. (.ai, .psd, .eps) I haven’t been able to get an answer from Adobe.
Any help would be much appreciated.
149. Laurens says:
Unless your labels contain spot colors there is no point in using DCS, as discussed on this page:
Are you sure your printer doesn’t prefer another file format?
I am not aware of any issues with DCS 1 or DCS2 files giving problems with opening them. You might try asking around on – maybe one of those guys knows about this.
150. Mike says:
when I create labels for CDs and send them to the printer I save as eps in photoshop, but theres 2 to choose from, DCS 0.1 and DCS 0.2, sometimes they can’t open the file, is it because I chose the wrong one and if so which one should I choose?
151. john says:
EPSQLPlugIn is a QuickLook plugin for Mac OS X Leopard to extend QuickLooks functionality to be able to display previews and thumbnails for eps files.
152. Holly says:
I was just wondering if anyone had any suggestions on what program I need to purchase to create some things in .eps format. What I need to create is a layout for a box that will be printed out and assembled. I need a program that I can draw the flat box out in scale and use Pantone colors. I have looked into a few like Corel Draw and Adobe Illustrator, but I was just wondering if anyone could give me any suggestions or opinions. Any feedback would be greatly appreciated.
• dvector says:
Xara Xtreme Pro I believe is the easiest way to produce compatible EPS, AI and PDF files. It can import them too and handles Pantone color, CMYK, RGB, raster and scalable vectors.
153. Laurens says:
Saving from CS2 as an Illustrator 8 file does the trick on my system – I can import the file and get a preview in Word 2003.
I hope this also answers Habib’s question: don’t try to convert the EPS file but import them as an EPS in Word. Even if the preview is blank, the output on a PostScript printer should still be fine. It is obviously your conversion to a screen capture in Acrobat which causes the quality loss.
154. Lisa Hyde says:
I’m having a problem viewing some .eps files in Word.
When I insert an .eps file into Word (such as my company logo), I have no problem viewing it in Word. (Although the preview is not crisp, it prints beautifully.)
However, when I create something in Illustrator myself, save it as an .eps, and insert it into Word, I can’t view it. All I get is a blank white “placeholder” box.
Obviously I’m missing a step somewhere. Does anyone know if there’s a specific setting? I want to keep it as an .eps file (not the “save for MS Word” option that makes it a .png file.
Any advice is appreciated. I can’t figure it out!
155. habib says:
i have some eps file and i want to import them into a word document. i can convert them to pdf format and take a snapshot of them with adobe acrobat. but while converting this word document into the pdf, the images havent the first quality. how i can import this documents without quality losses?
thanks alot…
156. Nick says:
Many thanks for that
157. Laurens says:
Spot colors can be maintained in an eps file. The application creating the eps file usually includes alternative RGB or CMYK values of the spot colors in the eps data.
It is up to the operator of the prepress system that processes the file to determine what will be done with the spot color.
A system such as Agfa ApogeeX allows a user to
– output the spot color as a separate plate
– use the color values supplied in the eps to convert the color to CMYK
– do a conversion to CMYK based on the Lab values found in its spot color library
– do a conversion to CMYK based on custom values that can be entered in an exception dictionary
158. Nick says:
I was looking for advice on colorspace assciated with eps format files. What happens if I try and include PMS defined colors in an eps file? Are they automatically converted to CMYK or RGB, or are they left unchanged?
159. Justin Cachia says:
I recieved a cd which contains alot of EPS files.
When i open these files all i get is a box with diagonal lines in it. What can i do?
Please reply asap.
160. Laurens says:
Converting a Word document to eps? Yuck…
One work-around that I am aware of is exporting the Word file as a PDF and then either exporting each page from that PDF as an EPS using a tool like Acrobat Professional or placing each page of the PDF in a layout application that is capable of generating EPS files.
Another solution would be to import the Word file in a lay-out or drawing application, tweak the layout until it fits your needs and then export to EPS.
161. alex says:
Hi, does anyone know a way of converting a word document into an eps file?
162. tim says:
i work at class on a mac that uses illustrator cs2. i use cs3 windows. i hate now knowing which file to save work as when i use a particular program like illustrator. what file type do i save an ill file as if i need to take my jumpdrive to class and open it on mac but still be able to work on it there on the school’s mac computer??? and photoshop for that matter as well???
this is extremely frustrating for me. extremely!!!
163. Laurens says:
If you have Acrobat Professional: open the document, select ‘Save as’ and choose EPS as the file format.
Whether there is actually still a need to convert EPS files to PDF is an entirely different issue. I can only imagine that this is needed when working with old software packages that cannot cope with PDF yet.
Take into account that the conversion from PDF to EPS may not be flawless: if the source file contained transparency, that will be flattened. The quality of blends may suffer and in some rare cases, people have reported issues with fonts (characters being replaced by weird characters or spaces)
164. Adam says:
How do I convert a PDF to an EPS?
165. Laurens says:
That is a very generic question and a lot of stuff is already covered on this page. What exactly do you want to do with EPS-files?
166. rupesh says:
how to deal with eps files ??
167. Laurens says:
Did you actually use EPS-images on a web page? The file format is completely unsuitable for that type of usage and you can only hope the software can convert everything into a format that all browsers can digest. Don’t blame Internet Explorer – stay away from EPS for web publishing.
In fact, try to stay away from EPS at all.
I’ve added an interesting comment from Adobe to the end of my article on the history of PostScript. In it Dov Isaacs clearly states: “…Adobe will continue to support EPS as a legacy graphics format for import of non-color managed, opaque graphical data into Adobe applications (such as InDesign and Illustrator). Although we certain do not recommend that new graphical content be stored in EPS format (except to satisfy the need to import data into page layout programs that aren’t quite PDF-centric — no need to mention names here!), our user base should feel comfortable that there is no need to worry about a need to convert their very sizable libraries of EPS-based graphic assets.”
In shoart: EPS is a legacy file format. PDF is the way to go when it comes to printed matter. For web publishing, I think PNG is the most suitable bitmap format while Flash or SVG are more suitable for vector graphics.
168. Emma B says:
I have included EPS images on a website which are visible on some machines but show as an error on others. Am I doing something wrong when creating the image or is it a glitch with Internet Explorer?
169. Laurens says:
Thanks Jeremy for jumping in. Allow me to add to your comment that EPS files are usually vector files but can also be bitmap images. If the advise to use Adobe Illustrator does not work, try Photoshop. In my first comment from August 29, I explained how to see which application originally was used to create the file. That might help.
170. kalidoss says:
how to open eps file? plz
171. jeremy says:
EPS files are “vector” files. AI is just to open your project up in “Abobe Illustartor”.
One important tip.
If in your project you use a special font (i would suggest doing this with any font what so ever) CONVERT IT TO “OUTLINES”
to do this select your text input then do this (in CS3)–>Object/Create outlines
this will enable you to not loose the font when opening it on another computer. Plus if you only need vectors for your files you need to convert it into outlines too- because Text Input is Art input not VECTOR.
• joe says:
first, off NEVER OUTLINE FONTS. (untill you create your printReady file)
secondly EPS is NOT a “vector only” file format. it can contain both vector and raster.
third, why is anyone still using Corell? or QuarkXpress…
172. mahesh kumar says:
pls give a source to open .eps files
173. Laurens says:
I am not a linux user anymore so I don’t know any of the tools. One thing you might try is creating an EPS with preview (using GIMP or so?) and then COPY and PASTE the preview image in your other file using an editor. I once wanted to create a prank EPS-file like that, with the lady in the image that is printed being slightly less dressed than the one shown on screen. This was before the internet was available and I never stumbled upon two images that could be used for this. By the time the net was available, I had already grown up 🙂
174. GeLaLaineFresh says:
Interesting site!
Actually, i am trying to include preview in eps file that does not contain one, in order to be able to visualize them in a navigator. I’m working on a linux laptop. Do you have an idea on how to include this preview (i already try epstool without success)?
175. Laurens says:
There are conversion tools such as GraphicConverter that can do this. Googling “bmp eps conversion” brings up a ton of other alternatives for both Mac and PC.
176. Laurens says:
EPS-files are a bit like PDF files. They can be viewed, inserted in other documents but it is not really a file format that is meant to be edited. If you need to open an EPS file to edit it, drawing programs such as Adobe Illustrator or Corel Draw are probably your best bet. This may work but there is no guarantee that it does. The best approach is to get hold of the original source file, correct it and then generate a new EPS-file.
177. How can i open .EPS file? can u tell me an appropriate software also?]
i got a >EPS file from someone , but when i tried to open it, its not opening, pls kindlt help me ASAP
[email protected]
178. Laurens says:
Regarding the use of AI versus EPS: it was discussed in one of the prepress forums of PrintPlanet recently. Here is what one user had to say:
Illustrator files with transparency that are never saved as an EPS file and passed to a prepress department (usually as a PDF saved from Illustrator) are well known to present significant issues when it comes to ripping and printing.
These issues simply don’t come into play if the file has been saved as an EPS at some point.
If you want to work solely in Illustrator, at least provide the prepress department your working ai file and all linked and embedded images (and fonts of course). We will save it as an EPS for you or whatever else needs to be done to make sure your file prints accurately.
Illustrator as the final file ???? – JUST NOT THE REALITY OF PRINTING.
179. srikanth says:
how can i see these format file was .eps files
• Laurens says:
You can see that a file is an EPS file by looking at its extension, which should be .eps
If the extension got lost in file transfer or is not shown, the only other alternative that I know is to open the file with an editor or word processor and look at the first lines of text. They should indicate that this is an EPS-file. This first line could for instance be: %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2 or something similar – with EPSF clearly indicating that this is an EPS file. One of the subsequent lines tells you which application was used to create the file.
Also check out
180. Bob Pavelko says:
I use Adobe Illustrator CS2 to create EPS graphics imported into Adobe FrameMaker 7.2. I then make a high-end PDF to have it professionally printed. Why shouldn’t I save the graphic files as AI instead; they’re smaller files. Is there any information lost? What are the advantages of using EPS files over AI files?
• Laurens says:
As far as I know, no information is lost working with AI.
I think the main difference is one of ‘prinicpals’. EPS is a universal file format – you can use such files in any application that supports this standard file format. AI is a proprietary Adobe file format, mainly compatible with Adobe applications themselves. It is Adobe’s way of making sure you stick with their software and leave other products untouched. As long as your are happy with that: no problemo!
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/57495
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You are here
TÃ¥gtider Trains API - Libraries
Train is a site that compares continuous traffic information direct from the Transport Administration of Sweden. The Train API is a way to lookup current train times and integrate this data with third party services. The API has methods for looking up stations, departures, arrivals, transfers and more. It uses RESTful calls and responses are formatted in XML and JSON.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/57540
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• 1-800-269-2609
• En Español
• Available 7 days a week
Maintenance tips for your
The dishwasher is one of the most appreciated home appliances. In addition to simplifying the chore of cleaning dishware and utensils, it uses considerably less water than if the dishes were washed by hand.
How does a dishwasher work?
• Dishwasher Maintenance Tips
Dishwasher Maintenance Tips
How to care for your dishwasher
1. Clean and deodorize the interior
Clean Dishwasher Interior
Periodically use a warm rag and some household cleaner to wipe the space between the door and bottom of the tub. Food particles often collect here and lead to mold growth, as this location remains untouched during the wash cycle. Use a pipe cleaner or sewing needle to remove food particles, bits of paper or other debris from the spray arms' small holes. Never use a toothpick, as the tip can break off inside of the wash arm. A deodorizer specifically designed for dishwashers makes it easy to prevent mold growth and keep the interior smelling fresh. A rust-removing solution designed for dishwashers will eliminate rust stains. You can clean the door (exterior) with warm water and a small amount of dish detergent.
2. Clean the filter
Clean dishwasher filter
Your dishwasher may have a filter located near the bottom or under the lower spray arm. This filter should be inspected and cleaned regularly. Follow your dishwasher owner's manual for specific instructions about how to properly remove and clean this filter, if equipped. If there are any holes or other damage to the filter, you'll need to replace it immediately to protect the dishwasher's pump and motor seals from damage.
3. Repair dish racks
Repair dish racks
If the plastic coating wears off of your dishwasher's top or bottom rack, repair as soon as possible. Use replacement tine tips, which are available in an array of colors to match your unit's racks. Use touch-up paint to cover flaking paint. If left alone to rust, the racks may corrode, allowing small shards of rusty metal to enter your dishwasher's pump, leading to expensive repairs.
Enter your dishwasher model number in our search field to find replacement tine tips, touch-up paint and many other parts for your model.
4. Don't overload it
don't overload dishwasher
Cramming two loads into one load will restrict the water spray patterns, which will prevent proper cleaning and require you to have to rewash, wasting water.
5. Repair broken components
Enter your dishwasher's model number in the Repair Help section of our website to get specific repair tips for your model.
RepairClinic has replacement parts for dishwashers including dish racks, rollers, spinners, water inlet valves, gaskets, pumps and more. Enter your dishwasher's model number for a list of parts recommended for your dishwasher.
Dishwasher frequently asked questions
Scrape excess food into your garbage disposal/disposer but skip the pre-rinsing and save the water. Most modern dishwashers are designed for food particle removal. No rinsing is needed unless your dishes and cookware have been left sitting out for several hours. In that case, you may need to soak them in soapy water to loosen particles before loading into the dishwasher.
Okay, we'll settle the great debate. Here's the proper way to load a dishwasher:
Manufacturers advise that cutlery be loaded with the "business" end facing up, a.k.a. the end that touches food. The reason? Better water circulation. Facing the business-end down in the basket restricts water flow. However, sharp knives and utensils should always face down to help prevent injury when unloading the dishwasher. Care should be taken, of course, when removing these utensils from the basket.
Dishes and cookware should have exposed surfaces facing the spray arms. Knives and other cutlery with wooden handles are best washed by hand because over time, detergent can cause wood to become brittle and crack.
Lower rack
• Plates, leaning toward the center near the spray arm. Make sure the surface is exposed!
• Pots upside down.
• Cutting boards should be placed on the outer-most part of the rack.
Upper rack
• Plastic, glassware, mugs and cups. Make sure to leave space between them so that there's no fear of breakage.
• Long utensils and knives may block the spray arm in the lower rack so it's best to rest them flat in the upper rack.
RepairClinic has dishwasher accessories and parts including recommended replacement parts. Have your model number handy.
Look for a dishwasher-safe imprint before you place items into your dishwasher. Pay particular attention to plastic food storage containers, which can melt if they come into contact with the heating element at the bottom of the dishwasher. If you're not sure, put them in the top rack only or wash them by hand. If a piece of plastic melts to the heating element, it can be tough to remove it.
We recommend the powdered/granular detergents (i.e. Cascade®). In recent years, we've found the pod-like, powder detergent-filled, dissolving packets to work well because they reduce likelihood of using too much detergent. We've also found that prominent brands perform better than generic brands.
It may be a model that pre-heats the water. If so, and if the water entering the dishwasher is cool, the heater may take up to half an hour to heat the water. To avoid the wait, increase the incoming water temperature before turning on the dishwasher. Do that by running the kitchen sink faucet until the water runs hot. Or increase the temperature of the hot water to the entire house at the hot water heater. Warning! To lessen the risk of scalding, don't set the hot water heater temperature higher than 120 degrees Fahrenheit (48 Celsius).
All dishwashers leave a small amount of water at the bottom in order to keep the seals and pump moist. The pump and seals may become brittle and lead to leaks and expensive repairs if left to dry out completely.
For spotting only, try using the heated drying cycle. If that doesn't help, try using a rinse-aid product.
For cloudiness or filminess, there are several possible causes:
• Excessive detergent usage: Etching, or cloudiness, is glass corrosion. It is often caused by using too much detergent. A rainbow hue is the first sign of etching. Cut in half the amount of detergent used.
• There could be a water flow restriction. Enter your dishwasher's model number in our Repair Help for additional information.
• You may have hard water. You can purchase water hardness testing kits at home improvement stores to determine if a water softener is needed for your water supply.
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Why Are All These Idiots More Successful Than You?
Marc Grabanski writing for his insanely smart friends:
You’re so damn smart — I’ve told you how awesome I think you and the solutions you’ve built…they’re amazing. You have so many awesome things on your hard drive you built that it would blow the world away if only they knew. You created Facebook before there was Facebook and PayPal before there was PayPal. But recently I’ve heard you ask, “how can this junk software out there be so popular?”…why are all these idiots more successful than me?
It's a really fun article that hits some great points. Go read it!
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Jack Pawlak, DDS and Craig Deagle, DMD
Endodontists located in La Mesa, CA
If you’ve had a failed root canal, you might be a candidate for an apicoectomy. Dr. Jack Pawlak and Dr. Craig Deagle offer this and other dental procedures at their office in La Mesa, California. In cases where endodontic treatments have not been successful, an apicoectomy can restore health and function to your teeth and gums.
Apicoectomy Q & A
Jack Pawlak, DDS and Craig Deagle, DMD
What is an apicoectomy?
With a traditional root canal treatment or retreatment, your dentist cleans out the pulp in the canals of the root or roots of your tooth and removes any inflamed or infected tissue. Sometimes, however, an infection can still develop in the tooth, and this is when an apicoectomy is required.
During an apicoectomy, Dr. Pawlak or Dr. Deagle approaches the root of the tooth through the gums above the tooth. He then removes the root tip, or apex, of your tooth, as well as any infected tissue, and places a filling to seal off the end of the root and prevent further infection.
Unlike a root restriction, a procedure where your dentist removes the entire root of the tooth, an apicoectomy involves only the removal of the root tip.
In most cases, an apicoectomy takes about 30 to 90 minutes to complete. If Dr. Pawlak or Dr. Deagle does the procedure on front teeth which have a single root, it's shorter, while it can last longer if they work on a back molar, where the infection may be in both roots.
Sometimes an apicoectomy is referred to as endodontic microsurgery, as Dr. Pawlak or Dr. Deagle performs it with an operating microscope. It's a minimally invasive procedure that only requires one visit.
When is an apicoectomy needed?
An apicoectomy is only necessary if you’ve had a failed root canal procedure and a root canal retreatment is not possible or safe. A retreatment procedure might not be a good idea if you have a crown or if the affected tooth is part of a bridge, as drilling into the tooth can weaken the dental work.
When a root canal procedure does fail, it’s often due to a problem in the apex of the root. As an alternative to a tooth extraction, an apicoectomy can help to retain your natural tooth.
What can I expect after an apicoectomy?
After an apicoectomy, your dentist can advise you about follow-up care, including what to eat or drink and what you can do to manage discomfort or tenderness. You can apply ice to the treated area for short intervals after the procedure.
It’s normal to experience some bruising and swelling after an apicoectomy, so be careful not to brush your teeth too vigorously. If you have stitches, they are removed up to a week after the procedure, or they may dissolve naturally.
While an apicoectomy is technically considered surgery, most people find it is easier to recover from an apicoectomy than a root canal procedure.
To request a consultation with Dr. Pawlak or Dr. Deagle in La Mesa, California, about an apicoectomy, call or use the easy online scheduling system today.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/57752
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Determine negative-weight cycle in a graph
Given a directed weighted graph, report a negative-weight cycle in the graph if any. A negative-weight cycle is a cycle in graph whose edges sum to a negative value.
Kahn’s Topological Sort Algorithm
Given a directed acyclic graph (DAG), print it in Topological order using Kahn’s Topological Sort algorithm. If the DAG has more than one topological ordering, print any of them.
Determine if a graph is Bipartite Graph using DFS
Given a graph, determine if given graph is bipartite graph using DFS. A bipartite graph (or bigraph) is a graph whose vertices can be divided into two disjoint sets U and V such that every edge connects a vertex in U to one in V.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/57753
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During its annual I/O developer conference Google unveiled today a new online application marketplace. The Chrome Web Store will contain both free and paid software designed for Google's Chrome browser, as well as Chrome OS, the company's upcoming Internet-focused operating system designed for netbooks and similar machines.
The store will be accessible through both platforms and installed applications will exist as new tabs. As you might expect there will be a number of apps for Google services, such as Gmail, Google Docs, Google Calendar, Google Reader, Google Wave, but the gallery is not limited to Google products.
For instance, you can expect apps like TweetDeck, along with games such as Plants vs. Zombies and Lego Star Wars. Developers will be allowed to upload their software to the store on their own, and the marketplace will include a built-in payment system.
The Chrome Web Store should be added to Google's browser later this year, and will presumably be live in time for Chrome OS' debut.
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That Blessed Day
By: Kekoa Quereto
It had come, the day had really come. The day that they had prepared for, that he had fired a thousand bullets in preparation for, the day had really come. And he was not sure he was prepared to meet it.
If we are mark'd to die, we are now
To do our country loss; and if to live,
The fewer men, the greater share of honour.
He ran across the field, dodging around both bullets and spells, wondering how he managed to be so terrible at both. He didn’t fire his gun--no, instead he looked down at his sword, his sword given a single, powerful blessing by Those who had Battled Before. They had lost, but had blessed him in hope that he might win. As he headed into the fight against both organic and inorganic, he prayed. Prayed with all of his might that he might somehow win. And all the time it rang in his head, as it had been ringing in his head the day he found out when the enemy would be invading.
By Jove, I am not covetous for gold.
It yearns me not if men my garments wear;
Such outward things dwell not in my desires.
But if it be a sin to covet honour,
I am the most offending soul alive.
“If I fight for my Friends, then I do fight for my honor!” The blood pounded in his head, but he felt calm this time. So calm. Why? Why would he feel calm now in the heat of battle against these monsters? Because now was the time that the vote of who was to win this last battle—humanity or invaders—would be decided! He would be completely calm, completely ready for whatever happened next.
The war had been going on for almost ninety-nine years—so close to a century now! Why was it that he had to be born a decider, why did he have to be part of the generation to either take it all back or give it all up? Because someone had to fight the glorious battle that could either strip or restore the hope and honor of humanity!
That he which hath no stomach to this fight,
Let him depart; his passport shall be made,
And crowns for convoy put into his purse;
We would not die in that man's company
That fears his fellowship to die with us.
Fellowship? Brotherhood? Surely cowardice was not something necessary in this war but neither was fellowship or brotherhood. Depending on who you talked to the war was a result of his “brothers,” fellow men and women opening a portal or alien signal. Aliens, Demons, Fellow Men, who was it all against? Who was it all for? What was it all for?
The answer was survival. No matter how much man was torn away from brotherhood, from fellowship, he would never be torn away from Survival. Bashing through those . . . things . . . on the field made him wonder if that was how he did everything; why he bore through the harsh training, the rough civilian life before, making sure that each and every person was cared for, fed, clothed.
And all before the age of twenty, he thought, dropping his gun and feeling his magic draw thin as he attempted to ration it evenly.
He that outlives this day, and comes safe home,
Will stand a tip-toe when this day is nam'd,
And rouse him at the name of Crispian.
The enemy seemed to be waning, their last wave—was it weaker than normal? Could it be that it was the last of this mysterious invader, that he and his troop of only twenty had managed to accomplish what one hundred years of soldiers had failed to achieve?
He looked down and realized that the flickering of the light meant that his magic was dwindling. There were only a few shells in the artillery, and he and the other troops were armed with only their swords and a collection of rag-tag weapons, like hammers and spears. The men had been free to choose what weapon they wanted for hand-to-hand, and he could see why. It was because when the time came for hand-to-hand, then there was truly no chance at winning. No chance at any kind of survival.
Let the men die carrying whatever weapons they wanted to. After all, it was a special day.
He that shall live this day, and see old age,
Will yearly on the vigil feast his neighbours,
And say "To-morrow is Saint Crispian."
It seemed to him that he had lived a thousand lifetimes as the enemy rushed near. The cross around his neck dangled, but instead of grasping it he grasped his long, heavy-handed sword to swing at the nearest attacker. A lucky scrape at the organic side of the body—and a piercing screech that nearly made him collapse
Slice, slice, slice again and he found himself shaking as he looked around. Only five left. Five men and women left out of an army of five hundred million. Yes, there were another three hundred back at camp, but for all intents and purposes, five remained of the army.
The last stand.
The last of the three hundred, standing against the invading spartans, attempting to defend a home and an empire that they worried was fading.
But they would stand.
Old men forget; yet all shall be forgot,
But he'll remember, with advantages,
What feats he did that day. Then shall our names,
Familiar in his mouth as household words—
He hefted his sword up and looked at the ragtag weapons brought by his compatriots. A woman with a hammer and shield. A man wielding two long daggers, each about a foot in length. Another woman with a long, heavy axe held in both hands, and a man with an oriental katana, holding it back in its sheath.
These four and him, holding onto whatever they could.
This story shall the good man teach his son;
And Crispin shall ne'er go by,
From this day to the ending of the world,
But we in it shall be rememberèd-
One Hundred Years, and it came down to these men, the five.
He knew that they would be remembered, would be heroes even at some point, but in this world or the next?
“You have done well, you men.” It seemed worthy praise, since they were the last five. The last five fighting a war that had been unevenly matched since the beginning.
The thing marching towards them was all cybernetics, wires and tubes and only a single organic hand visible. He saw the suit, knew it was the general, and giggled a little bit. A single patch of organic skin. A weak spot.
The other four soldiers looked confused at his laughter, as surely this general and these four enemy officers, though they be the last, would be the strongest.
“You have done well, but it all ends right here.”
And then the Five Heroes rushed forwards, him crying the loudest that his hoarse voice could as he took in the desecrated earth.
We few, we happy few, we band of brothers;
For he to-day that sheds his blood with me
Shall be my brother; be he ne'er so vile,
This day shall gentle his condition;
He slashed blindly at the general, clouded over by not rage, but by fear. Pure fear and adrenaline. The general swiped most of them away with his cybernetic hand, that morphed into a sword mid-swing.
Left, right, parry, swing.
The woman with the hammer and shield on his left hit her target over the head, and the officer went down. She kept beating, however, until its death was clear and her adrenalin slowed. Then she sat down, breathing heavily, and looked at him.
The man with the two knives plunged through steel, wires, and skin alike. The cybernetic warrior came down into the dirt, and he only stabbed once or twice more. Then he sheathed his knives, and sat next to the woman.
A long, double-headed battle axe went cleanly through the shorter enemy officer, a long vertical slice in half. Was the resulting fluid oil, or could it be blood? Would there ever be a way to know? The woman who dealt the blow finished the enemy, face tight and bleak.
The man with the katana jumped back and forth, waiting for the enemy to be just off balance enough. Then a single slash, straight through the officer, who fell to the ground. He released a deep exhale of a breath he didn’t know he was holding. He shook and had to sit down and stop himself.
In the middle, he found the point with his sword, seeing that all others had been taken down.
Three. A slash through the head, barely deeper than a graze but enough to put him off balance.
Two. Cutting off the organic hand, the one place there would be surefire pain—the screech following verifies that it worked.
One. Plunge the sword straight in and drive, drive, DRIVE.
Looking around he has found himself twenty meters from his allies, who are sitting in dazed disbelief. He walks back to them and recites the final piece out loud, looking down at his watch and thinking through what is left.
Each of the men whispers into their watches, recording the time and date of their last battle. One last action report.
Hidetaka, sheathing his katana, manages to smiles as his final nervousness fades.
Nessa’s axe is stuck in the ground and she knows she does not yet have the strength to get it back.
Julian’s knives, sheathed and gleaming, remain still as he goes up to Elouise and comforts her.
And in the middle is him. Colin Dorian Cloud.
He recites, openly and plainly, his voice somehow coming out crystal clear as he looks across the now-barren land:
“And gentlemen in England now a-bed
Shall think themselves accurs'd they were not here,
And hold their dignities cheap whiles any speaks
That fought with us upon Saint Crispin's Day.”
October 25th, 2199.
The day we finally did it.
St. Crispin’s Day.
Kekoa is a 15-year-old from California.
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NAACP President Ben Jealous (Getty Images)
Miami Herald columnist Leonard Pitts writes about NAACP President Benjamin Todd Jealous' call to end the nation's "war on drugs," calling it a monumental sea change for the old-guard civil rights organization.
See, this particular quake was not of the Earth, involved no shifting of the planetary crust. No, what shifted was a paradigm, and the implications are hopeful and profound.
On Tuesday, you see, the NAACP passed a resolution calling for an end to the War on Drugs.
Said NAACP President Benjamin Todd Jealous in a written statement, "These flawed drug policies that have been mostly enforced in African-American communities must be stopped and replaced with evidence-based practices that address the root causes of drug use and abuse in America."
Here's why this matters. Or, more to the point, why it matters more than if such a statement came from Jesse Jackson or Al Sharpton. The NAACP is not just the nation's oldest and largest civil rights organization. It is also its most conservative.
Read Leonard Pitts' complete column at the Miami Herald.
Like The Root on Facebook. Follow us on Twitter.
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Members' Stories
We call members' stories "logical miracles." A logical miracle is a natural outcome that you can expect when your needs are met for nourishing food, social support, and a safe place to experiment and self-observe while you change old habits. Logical miracles happen every day when people trust that how you feel is data!
Mariana and Juan’s Story: A Simple Change
Carolyn’s Story: This Doesn’t Happen!
Joni’s Second Story: Closing the Gap
Howard’s Story – Kraut is the New Granola
Margaret’s Story: Numbers Don’t Lie
Susan’s Story: Raw Inspiration
Marcia’s Story: My Affair with Vegetables, Changing Behaviors, Keeping it Romantic
Doreen's Story: I Didn't Know What I Didn't Know
Shri's Story: How I Turned Around Diabetes
Lorna's Story: Give Credit Where Credit is Due
Karen's Story: I Turned My Back on Hunger
Ruth’s Story: If You Give Up, You Lost
Anita's Second Story: Soul Food
Shelley and Dor's Story: One Piece of Fruit
Jane's Story: Miss Information
Lindsey's Story: Better Living Through Chemistry
Melinda and Terry's Story: My Job, His Job
Karen's Founder Story: Suppers for Stable Blood Sugar
Véronique and Camille: Why It Is Important to Cook with Your Kids
Dor: Suppers Founder's Story
Wolfram's Story: It's About Love
Leslie's Story: Diabetes -- We're Doing It Wrong
Ramine's Story: Recovering the Child, One Bite at a Time
Rob and Mom's Story: Rob's Journey Out of the Special Needs School
Kimberly's Story: Practicing Nonjudgment
Libby’s Story: Libby the Guinea Pig
Taylor’s Story: My Primary Relationship
Leah’s Story: Anonymity
Nina’s Story: A Different Kind of Happy
Eva’s Story: My Hungarian Grandma
Marcia’s Story: That Beet Slaw
Francesca’s Story: Empowered to Experiment
Patty’s Story: Boundaries
Chloe’s Story: An Easy Mark
Andrea’s Story: Relationship Service
Wanda’s Story: Somebody Please Help Me
Gina B’s Story: The Role of Members
Kathy’s Story: A Recovering Fragile Flower
Mary Ellen’s Story: Sacred Cows
Simone’s Story: Therapeutic Friendship
Petra’s Story: Group Autonomy
Carley’s Story: Service
Emma's Story: It Wasn't What I Expected!
stories related to Concept 1: Biological Individuality: Every body is different from every other body.
Dr. P's Story: Talk to Your Family
Ellen’s Story: Breakfast Is Key
Lydia’s Story: No Help at the Hospital
Sheron’s Story: I Never Knew I Needed a Ground Floor
stories related to CONCEPT 2: THE FORGOTTEN BODY: Poor health and addiction are the logical conclusion of leaving the body out of the body, mind, and spirit equation.
Gail’s Story: You Are Not What You Eat
Grett’s Story: Sugar and Spice and Everything Nice
Maggie’s Story: No More Lupus
Tina’s Story: I Forgot My Body
stories related to Concept 3: Food Is the First Addiction: Suppers recognizes that food is our most expensive national addiction.
Bernadette’s Quandary
Ingrid's Story: This is Not About Willpower
Norma Jeanne’s Story: Emotional Consumption
Raquel’s Story: The Anger Eater
stories related to Concept 4: Appetite Foolishness: Desiring and repeatedly consuming things you know are hurting you
Bill’s Story: Self-Medicating
Bebe’s Story: My Life Revolved Around a Piece of Cheese
Ed’s Story: Play It to the End
Holly’s Story: Experiments
stories related to Concept 5: Automatic Choices: The choices you make when you aren’t consciously participating
Casey’s Story: Salmon for Breakfast
Joni’s Story: Dor Is in My Fridge
Delia’s Story: Broken Eggs
stories related to Concept 6: Health Relatives: People whose problems have similar biochemical and environmental causes, regardless of their diagnoses
Barb and Carl’s Story: Finding a Path Together
Oscar's Story: The Boy on the Bike
Robert's Story: Flavor Hounds
Sarah and Son: Shared Roots
stories related to Concept 7: The Diagnosis May Be Inconsequential: If eating processed foods caused your problem to begin with, the right solution – whole food – may be more important than the diagnostic labels.
Alley's Story: The Diagnosis May Be Inconsequential
Kay's Story: When the Student is Ready
Merrie’s Story: Different Diagnoses
Sandy C's Story: Discovery
stories related to Concept 8: Your Internal Observer: The part of you that notices but doesn’t judge
Anne’s Story: No More Tissues for Jennifer
Birdie’s Story: Liar
Charlie’s Story: A Recovering Black and White Thinker
Jim’s Story: Shutter Speed
stories related to Concept 9: How You Feel Is Data: Your body is constantly communicating important information to you, if you would just learn to interpret its language.
Lora's Story: Chili for Breakfast?
stories related to Concept 10: Addition and Subtraction: Good health is achieved by adding what the body needs to have and subtracting what the body needs to not have.
Lena and Todd’s Story: Varsity Player
Polly’s Story: I Really Am a Coconut
Rose's Story: Lentils Saved Me
Sonja’s Story: Addition, Subtraction (and Substitution)
stories related to Concept 11: Nutritional Harm Reduction: A gentle transition process that makes healthy change possible
Gillian's Story: Rebuilding the Foundation
Lucia’s Story: Dark Chocolate
Phyllis's Story: ANTS
Stuart and Mom's Story
Tory's Story: Relapse is the Logical Conclusion
Violet's Story: Blueberries that Taste Like Candy
stories related to Concept 12: Logical Miracle: What takes place in the natural course of things when your needs are met
Dana's Newcomers Story: Ick
Diana's Story: The Journey Out
Dylan and Grandpa Danny’s Story: Our Run-In With a Sweet Potato
Oliver's Story: Sick and Tired of Being Sick and Tired
Pam's Story: Prisoner of My Own Assumptions
Rose's Second Story: Experiment!
Ruby's Story: Why Am I Crying?
stories related to Concept 13: Healthier Sources of Pleasure: Alternatives to food, drink, or drugs that trigger your sense of pleasure
Carmille's Story: She Let Me Get Away Too Soon
Isabelle's Story: Blueberries for Dakota
Jay's Story: Mindful About My Brain
Leslie's Story: Healthier Sources of Pleasure
stories related to Concept 14: Planning Is Everything: If diet and lifestyle are central to your health challenges, the solution will require lots of planning.
Phoebe's Story: Cold Turkey
Sharon's Story: My Brain for a Sliver of Cheesecake, Part II
stories related to Concept 15: Therapeutic Friendship: The relationships that form around doing the work of Suppers
Amanda's Story: New Patterns
Celia and May's Story: My Pleasure
Maryilyn's Story: Fixing My Numbers
Norma Jeanne’s (Second) Story: Sweet Memories
stories related to CONCEPT 16: THE BODY IS THE TEMPLE OF THE SOUL - The spiritual foundation of the Suppers programs is care of the physical body, the primary spiritual act.
Beatrice’s Story: Unwitting Self-Saboteur
Beth’s Story: My Body Is the Temple of My Soul
Petey and Dor’s Story: The Primary Spiritual Act
stories related to Concept 17: Gratitude Begets More to Be Grateful For: Living in a state of readiness to feel and express appreciation is a rich and rewarding practice.
Cindy's Story: Przac Doesn't Come in Cherry
Helen's Story: I'm Good Enough Today
Mary's Beginner Story: They Raised Me to Have Faith
Vicky's Story: Have You Heard This Line?
stories related to CONCEPT 18: TREATS AND TRIGGERS - Can you do portion control or is abstinence needed? To find out, distinguish treats from triggers.
A Christmas Carol
Alice’s Story: The C Word
Lucille’s Best Relapse
Lucy’s Conference Report on Binge Eating
Sally M’s Story: I Am The Steward
stories related to Concept 19: Palate Development: The process of acquiring the desire for healthy, whole food
Anu's Story: Feedinig My Children in America
Zita Serves a Stone
stories related to Concept 20: Matching Problems and Solutions: Create personal experiments to find food and behavior solutions to health problems.
Audelle's Story: If Only They Would Change Before It's Too Late
Brad's 2nd Story: Strength in Numbers
Diane's Story: My Little Poo Bear
Gina's Story: In the Face of Food
Jenny's Story: Popcorn
Marlena's Story: Bliss
Sonia's Story: Water
Ted's Story: Food Sensitivity
stories related to CONCEPT 21: Healing is a Social Experience - Problems that feel impossible to solve in isolation become solvable with support.
Brad's Story: Sugar
Julie’s Trilogy
Karen and Dor's Story: Checking Our Numbers
Noreen’s Story: Like a Dog with a Bone
stories related to Concept 22: The People Who Benefit Most Are Those Who Serve. Volunteering provides both social and health benefits.
Barbara’s Story: Cooks Will Save the World
Bebe's Story: Global Solutions
Kiki’s Story: A Disease of Isolation
Lina’s Second Story: Soul Food
stories related to Concept 23: It’s Not Just About Food: Logical miracles happen only when enough of your needs are met.
The Anger Eater’s Second Story: Backsliding
Toni’s Story: Emotional Individuality
Nana’s Story: Experiments!
Vera and Dor’s Story: Vanity
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When I was 19, a woman in my circle of friends learned the Transcendental Meditation technique. She loved it and was immediately consumed with the desire to tell us all about it and get us to learn too. I was curious, but I have to admit that I was also a little nervous about it. What little I’d heard about meditation, it seemed like something for monks. It might be something religious. I wondered if, during TM, I would see God (and I wasn’t convinced there was one) and was I ready for that? And would I even be able to meditate successfully?
I threw my caution to the wind and signed up for the course. I sat comfortably and listened to simple step by step instructions from a teacher, one on one. Within minutes during my instruction, I felt the weight of the world lift from my shoulders. I felt relaxation so deep that I was almost immobile. After, I was so refreshed that it was as if my life and the world were all new and shiny. “I want everyone to have this experience,” I thought, and immediately set out to tell everyone about TM—as consumed with the idea as my friend had been.
Transcendental Meditation was brought to the west by the program’s founder, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, and it became very popular for three main reasons: It works for everyone, celebrities endorse it, and scientists continually publish studies verifying a broad range of benefits. Most women learn because someone in their family or a friend recommends it, as I did.
Unlike the stoic experience I had imagined, the TM technique is easy to learn and do and we meditate sitting comfortably (sitting uncomfortably is a no-no) for 15-20 minutes twice daily. The TM teachers explain in advance what to expect during the meditation and also as a result of the meditation, so we understand what’s going on and know we’re doing it right. Benefits are tangible and are both immediate and cumulative.
Learn it and see the benefits for yourself; you’ll become your friends’ best friend when you recommend it to them.
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Accessibility links
Psychology A level at The Archbishop's School
Course description
Have you ever wondered why we behave the way we do? Why do we obey or disobey people? Why do we have phobias? How do we learn? Are our phobias learnt or innate? The Psychology course aims to address these questions, and more, to try and help us to understand the complexities of human behaviour. We also aim to delve into some philosophical debates and question the nature of reality.
Entry requirements
5 GCSE grades A*-C. Minimum grades: B in GCSE English, C in GCSE Science, C in GCSE Mathematics (or equivalent). Psychology is classified as a Science subject and students will need to be competent at Science and Mathematics. Also the ability to write with precision and clarity, in an essay based format, is essential.
Classes include lectures, group work, practical work, videos, discussion and role play.
Future opportunities
Psychology is useful in several careers such as counselling, teaching, nursing, management, social work, and the police. There are also specialist careers which can be followed in Psychology. For these you will need a degree in Psychology and further training.
How to apply
Last updated date: 30 January 2017
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Key information
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Top definition
Kamau is a lovable person. He's only friends with people who he cares about. You would think he is a nerd but he lives like a dumb person. He lives with no regrets. His personality is very lovable
Have you meet somebody like Kamau?
by ThisisrealCampRock June 06, 2018
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buy the domain for your foodie vlog
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Top definition
Peeing for a long period of time because you haven't went in awhile and also have drank ALOT. OR
The intense feeling of your bladder about to explode because you've drank ALOT and haven't went for hours. Especially just after you've been in the movies.
"Sorry I took so long in there, that was a movie-theater pee..."
Mark: "That movie was so awesome! Like the part when-"
Steven: "Hold that thought, I've got to go take a MOVIE THEATER PEE or I WILL EXPLODE!!!"
by Kristian! November 18, 2009
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Get a Movie theater pee mug for your Facebook friend Georges.
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Top definition
To watch videos, clips, news, podcasts, virals, or shows on your computer instead of a television.
"I'm busy watching computer, the new Family Guy came out!"
I use Hulu, fancast, and itunes to watch computer.
I don't watch TV, i watch PC!
by Ju_C December 19, 2009
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Get a Watching Computer mug for your Aunt Zora.
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Satellite Icon
Communications vector design with a satellite dish. Shiny cartoon icon for Internet, communications, technology and electronics visuals. Free vector graphics for company logos, application icons, badges, poster decorations, adverts and satellite television and radio symbols. Ellipsis
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A Quick and Easy Adjustment for SAT Passage Questions
SATWhat is your typical method for solving SAT Passage-Based Reading questions? You probably read through the passage, try to comprehend as much as possible while reading for speed and then when you get to the question, you try to read the question and find which answer looks the best, right? Well, what if we told you that the method of “trying to find the correct” answer is actually very error prone and will lead you to be unsure of your selection and result in quite a few incorrect answers?
The SAT test writers are very good at creating answer choices that look correct but are actually wrong. At the end of the day, each question has exactly one correct answer and four answer choices that are incorrect for one reason or another.
The problem with trying to spot the correct answer off the bat is that you’re looking through five answer choices that all look somewhat defensible especially if you are dealing with a more difficult question. The approach that you should actually take is to systematically eliminate incorrect answer choices by looking at reasons why they are wrong. Any particular word, phrase or idea in an answer choice can potentially invalidate the answer choice. When you make this quick and easy adjustment from “looking for the right answer” to “trying to eliminate incorrect answers,” a few things will happen:
• It’s easier to find the right answer after eliminating 2-3 incorrect choices
• If you had to guess, you will likely have a better chance to guessing right
• Eliminating all the incorrect answers shows that you understand the passage
• Eliminating wrong answers builds your confidence since you are more sure of your final answer
• You get accustomed to how wrong answer choices are written
Let’s examine the following short passage and try to apply the technique to the question. This question appears on the 2007-2008 official SAT pre-test.
In the summer of 1911, the explorer Hiram Bingham III
bushwhacked his way to a high ridge in the Andes of Peru
and beheld a dreamscape out of the past. There, set against
looming peaks cloaked in snow and wreathed in clouds,
was Machu Picchu, the famous “lost city” of the Incas.
This expression, popularized by Bingham, served as a
magical elixir for rundown imaginations. The words
evoked the romanticism of exploration and archaeology at
the time. But finding Machu Picchu was easier than the
solving the mystery of its place in the rich and powerful
Inca empire. The imposing architecture attested to the skill
and audacity of the Incas. But who had lived at this
isolated site and for what purpose?
The “mystery” discussed in lines 10-13 is most analogous to that encountered in which of the following situations?
(A) Being unable to located the source of materials used to construct an ancient palace
(B) Being unable to reconcile archaeological evidence with mythical descriptions of an ancient city
(C) Being unable to explain how ancient peoples constructed imposing monuments using only primitive technology
(D) Being unable to understand the religious function of a chamber found inside an ancient temple
(E) Being unable to discover any trace of a civilization repeatedly mentioned by ancient authors
Since this question mentions some line numbers, you will want to re-read those lines and try to formulate an answer before looking at the choices. The last line reads “But who had lived at this isolated site and for what purpose?” This indicates that the mystery mentioned has something to do with “figuring out who lived there and what it was used for.” Instead of looking for a correct answer choice, let’s start eliminating answer choices first:
1. This can be eliminated since the mystery doesn’t have anything do with finding out about the materials used in the construction
2. This can be eliminated because mythical descriptions of the city are not mentioned and there is no indication that anyone is trying to reconcile mythical descriptions with the actual archaeological evidence
3. This can be eliminated because the passage does not mention anything about trying to explain how the structures were built
4. This answer choice most closely matches our objective since it talks about being unable to explain the “purpose” of a structure, similar to how the author closes the passage with a question about the “purpose” of Machu Picchu
5. This is incorrect because the passage does not mention descriptions by ancient authors
Thus, the correct answer is D.
Note how tricky the answer choices are! Each of them could be potentially defensible if you were actually trying to “look for the right answer.” Each answer choice has elements that are correct but all of them except D have elements that do not match with the passage. As a result, by looking for reasons to eliminate answer choices rather than looking for reasons why they could be correct, we are avoiding the temptations that the SAT writers put in front of us. For example, answer choice C is likely a very common incorrect answer choice since the same lines (10-13) say something about “imposing structures.” But when you look more closely, the skill and audacity of the builders are simply acknowledged with no mystery around them. However, it’s very easy to fall into this trap since a common technique that the SAT uses is to use similar language in the answer choices as in the passage in order to “bait” students into picking the wrong answer. But, if you train yourself to look for reasons why answer choices are wrong, you are far less likely to fall into this trap!
Next time you practice Passage-Based Reading problems on the SAT, be sure to make this easy adjustment and notice how much more confident you will be!
Jason Sun is the Director of College Prep for Veritas Prep. When he’s not in the office, he can be found competing in swing dance competitions or defending his title as a table tennis champion.
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Portrait of Ayelet Waldman
Ayelet Waldman
Ayelet Waldman is the author of the forthcoming Love and Treasure (Knopf, April 2014), Red Hook Road and The New York Times bestseller Bad Mother: A Chronicle of Maternal Crimes, Minor Calamities and Occasional Moments of Grace. Her novel Love and Other Impossible Pursuits was adapted into a film called The Other Woman starring Natalie Portman.
Her personal essays and profiles of such public figures as Hillary Clinton have been published in a wide variety of newspapers and magazines, including the New York Times, Vogue, the Washington Post and the Wall Street Journal. Her radio commentaries have appeared on All Things Considered and The California Report.
Ayelet's missives also appear on Facebook and Twitter. Her books are published throughout the world, in countries as disparate as England and Thailand, the Netherlands and China, Russia and Israel, Korea and Italy.
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WINPACCS for Project Accountants
The objective of the seminar is to teach basic knowledge of project accounting and how to use WINPACCS accounting software. This course will enable the participants to make all kinds of accounting transactions within project accounting as well as to use open items management and inventory administration.
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Build It Yourself, Then Listen: The Berlin Boombox
Build It Yourself, Then Listen: The Berlin Boombox
Build It Yourself, Then Listen: The Berlin Boombox
Berlin Boombox
I love listening to my music collection, and I have a good portion of it stored on my iPhone so I can listen to it at any time with a set of headphones. I only carry a few playlists at any given time, but I do have Apple's iTunes Match service which allows me to stream music from the cloud. I don't have an external speaker dock for my iPhone or iPad, so when I listen to music at home I usually pipe it through my television sound system using the Apple TV. This works great, but it's not always ideal. Sometimes I just want a hint of music in the background as I'm working... and at other times I'd like to listen to my music while I sit on the deck and work. I can certainly play music through the iPhone or iPad's own speaker but, well... sound quality is lacking, as you can imagine.
While there are a number of speaker docks available for the iPhone and iPad, I've yet to invest in one. And I'm actually quite glad I waited, otherwise I wouldn't have discovered the Berlin Boombox. What began as a Kickstarter project is now a full-fledged product available to everyone, not just backers. The Berlin Boombox may be made of thick cardboard, but it's got that cool retro-80s style and is sure to grab some looks. It's got a built-in amplifier and two speakers for true stereo sound, and I have to say: the sound quality is decent. I don't know if the cardboard shell has anything to do with that, but there's a warm sound coming from the two speakers that is perfectly fine for my listening needs. There's also a volume control knob on top that also serves as the On/Off switch and a battery holder in the rear for 3 AA batteries.
The kit came unassembled and boxed flat, wrapped inside bubble-wrap and then shipped in a padded shipping bag. Everything was protected just fine, and there were no damaged corners on the primary box holding the Boombox.
Boombox Packed
I actually had to promise myself to go slow and read all the directions carefully – I didn't want to rip any parts or tear off anything important from a hasty assembly. All in all, it took me about 15 minutes to assemble. I don't know about you, but I absolutely love things that require assembly before you can actually use them, and the Berlin Boombox was fun to put together – and it's fun to use.
After opening the box, I was greeted with a two-page instruction spread: German and English instructions are provided, with a three-color 2D diagram of the folded Boombox body for Step 1. The entire instruction sheet leads you through the 25 steps required to build it and connect your device.
First, you'll install the two speakers. The instructions warn you to look for the two different lengths of wire that will distinguish which speaker goes where, and from there it only gets easier. The small amplifier has four places to plug in wires (two speakers, one for the iPhone connector, and one for the battery pack) and each is clearly distinguished in the instructions – you'd have to intentionally plug a wire into the wrong place.
The cardboard is heavy, thick stuff. My concerns about ripping or tearing something disappeared as soon as I began to fold various sections of the Boombox. There are only about four holes cut into the cardboard for running wires here and there, and again, you'd really have to try hard to mess it up. The instructions show clearly which wires run through which holes. And, honestly, even if you mess up, you'll figure out your mistake quickly when you start folding up the box to complete it – most wires are only long enough to work one way. There's a resistance to bend because of the heaviness of the cardboard, so when you tuck in the six tabs to hold everything together, they stay put.
There are three locations for running the connector wire: one for the iPhone 5, one for previous versions of the iPhone, and one for iPods (or MP3 players). The slot in the center of the Boombox is tight, holding my iPhone snug. And the handle on top provides a perfect way to tote it around.
It's definitely drawn a few looks! I had it in the garage with me this last weekend while the kids and neighbors were visiting in the cul-de-sac. A few of them loved the design – and a few raised their eyebrows and shook their heads at me. I get that a lot. That said, it's just a fun little project that you can put together yourself to create a portable little music dock for your iPhone or iPod. At full volume, it does put out a good solid sound that can be heard at a distance, but I'm sure the 3 AAA batteries won't last long at that setting. (I use Eneloop rechargeables, so no worries.)
As I said, the Berlin Boombox was a Kickstarter, but now it's in full production and available to anyone. Click here to visit the official site and place an order if you'd like to have your own.
Note: I'd like to thank Axel for providing a test unit of the Berlin Boombox.
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SANTIAGO — Ask Google "how to do business in China" and you'll get about 30 million answers. That's if you pose the question in Spanish. In English, it'd be closer to 1.2 billion answers.
Most of the search engine's Spanish-language tips are about the customs or cultural traits people seeking to do business in China should consider. It will advise you on basic points of etiquette: like presenting your business card with both hands, for example; exchanging gifts; or showing respect for Chinese culture.
Such pointers work on the essential premise of inter-cultural communication, namely trying to understand partners from another culture. And that's important. But as the sociologist Mark Granovetter argues, we also run the risk of "over-socializing" economic relations with China. By that he means emphasizing social criteria at the expense of rational and economic criteria.
The risk of over-simplifying Chinese identity, of assuming that there is a single, national conduct.
This over-socialization may even be deemed an example of "orientalism," as termed by the historian Edward Said. Orientalism positions your interlocutor as fundamentally different (and implicitly pre-modern or un-modern), and subject to cultural considerations that exceed strictly rational bounds.
At the same time, taking a strictly rational path doesn't necessarily spell success in inter-cultural business relations either. Based on conversations I've had with Chilean business executives who interact with China, there seems to be a range of approaches used. At one extreme are people who see cultural considerations as irrelevant. In their mind, business is business, regardless of where you live or work. On the other extreme are those who put themselves at a disadvantage by trying — often without success and generally on a superficial level — to assimilate alien norms of behavior and thus strengthen interpersonal ties.
Former Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou visits Yunnan Normal University Business School — Photo: TPG/ZUMA
With the latter approach, there's also the risk of over-simplifying Chinese identity, of assuming that there is a single, national conduct, and equal cultural and trading values across China. A society that has some 1.4 billion members and dozens of different ethnic groups, and that has undergone the globalization process at differing paces since the rule of the late Chairman Deng Xiao Ping, must, by definition, have a diversity of business practices and values. And yet, for people wanting to do business in China, those differences may be difficult to identify, try they might to take a culturally sensitive approach.
Perhaps the best way to avoid extremes is through constant interaction and observation of the other side, and by seeking reciprocity — what political scientist Robert Axelrod calls the "tit-for-tat" approach. An improved version would be a rational, collaborative model, wherein cultural variables effectively coincide to improve economic cooperation.
See more from Business / Finance here
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Sentence Examples
• The refined oil is exported as kerosene or petroleum, the heavier refuse (mazut) is used as fuel.
• Many of the steamers use as fuel mazut or petroleum refuse.
Also Mentioned In
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How Yandex makes accurate forecasts for specific locations
Signals from space
Several dozen weather satellites are orbiting the Earth
Every minute they take photos of the atmosphere over different parts of the planet
Satellite photos are sent to meteorologists on Earth several times a day
Weather on Earth
Thousands of weather stations observe weather patterns across the planet
They record temperature, humidity, air pressure, precipitation, and wind speed
Based on these observations, meteorologists make forecasts and then check them
Traditional forecasts
Weather agencies make forecasts based on data received from different satellites and weather stations
Each agency has its own formula, so agency forecasts for the same location may vary
Yandex collects forecasts from partners and also makes its own traditional forecast
New technology
Meteum compares traditional forecasts with data from weather stations. It registers repeated errors with the help of MatrixNet machine learning and identifies statistical regularities among them. As a result, a set of rules is developed enabling more accurate forecasts.
One more element is needed to start the forecasting process – your coordinates.
Local features
For an accurate forecast, it is important to know the height of buildings, surface conditions, presence of water bodies nearby, and so on. For example, the weather in the backyard may differ from that on a river bank.
Accurate forecasts everywhere you need them
You can tell Yandex.Weather your location or a place of your choosing. Meteum will create a custom forecast for these coordinates in real time, taking into account the latest weather data.
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FWD Publishing
Zhomer company FWD is a specialised internet publisher of sites and stores such as Hifi.nl, FWD Magazine, Smarthome Magazine, Tablets Magazine, Wearables Magazine, Gadgets Magazine and 3D TV Magazine.
FWD is the largest portal on audio technologies in the Benelux with a focus on sound and vision
FWD was founded in 1999. Within a decade, FWD's media companies became the largest AV platform in the Benelux (Belgium, the Netherlands & Luxembourg). Through its platform, e-zines, magazines, videos and websites, FWD successfully reaches 2.5 million consumers per year in the Netherlands and Belgium.
These are people with a passion for consumer electronics, both at home and on the go. Together, they form a community of dedicated members: people who rely on the independent advice of FWD’s specialists when they search for new (or used) products. These they will find in the online stores, packed with the best products.
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Monday, February 01, 2010
Elections in Indonesia, under Suharto.
Report: CIA chief visited Israel; discussed Iran
What the Sledgehammer generals wanted for Turkey?
"Economic relations with Iran, Arab and Gulf countries would be terminated." - Sledgehammer's national socialism
Jews are powerful in Tony Blair's UK Labour Party.
Luciana Berger is director of the Labour Friends of Israel group.
Berger was linked with Tony Blair’s son Euan after they were seen together in a Brighton nightclub during the 2004 Labour conference.
Berger, 28, has now been chosen as the Labour party’s candidate in Liverpool Wavertree.
Berger has claimed that at a conference she was spat on for being Jewish.
She resigned from the executive of the National Union of Students in protest at lack of action over anti-semitism on university campuses. - Labour at war as Blair son's glamorous friend is chosen for safe seat
MP Peter Kilfoyle said Labour should have picked a candidate with “local knowledge and more experience” than the London-born pro-Israel Berger. The Liberal Democrats have made Wavertree – with its slender majority of 3,308 – their number one target seat in the region. Liverpool Labour infighting after 28-year-old candidate chosen for Wavertree
Scotland the Grave
Dominique de Villepin, who opposed the Iraq War, to be retried
Mondo left a comment on our post "MAHATHIR, 9 11, JEWS":
Mondo suggests that Israelis are stirring things up.
"... Israel has set aside millions of dollars a year to have multi-lingualists sit at computer sites all day trolling all these blogs... ADL has "partnered" with YouTube....I can't tell you how many extreme racist videos I've seen with blacks and latinos attacking whites.... it was predominately Jews who transported Africans to the US mainland as documented by Walter White in his book Jews and the Slave Trade that Minister Farrakhan uses for lectures. Jews who brought slaves to America by not only bartering for them from slave traders in Africa, but chained and transported them...."
Anonymous left a comment on our post "SLEDGEHAMMER; 9 11":
"...It's interesting to note that the elite of the 'United States of NATO' are perfectly happy to blow up churches, mosques and even synagogues, as they did in Turkey, among other places. Hence, it's not a facile 'Jewish plot', as many would have you believe. There is of course a powerful inner core of Zionists, but Zionism and Judaism are entirely antithetical....Even more ridiculous is the idea that it's all a Vatican plot. Pope John Paul II was almost killed by a member of the Grey Wolves, a puppet of the NATO stay-behind armies..."
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5 Things You May Not Have Realized About Paul’s Anti-Homosexual Words
My heart beating and my hands shaking, I read Romans 1:24-27. Aware that I am attracted to other women, knowing that my commitment to the authority of scripture meant I wouldn’t be willing to shrug or explain these verses away, I was afraid of what they meant for my life, and what they said about me as a person.
Do these words apply to me? I’m in love with a woman, does that mean I’m experiencing shameful, unnatural attraction? Has God me up to the “lusts of [my] heart to impurity”? And if I ever were to follow my inclinations and have a romantic relationship with a woman, no matter how committed and caring I am, would this relationships be shameful, unnatural, and would I receive in myself some type of “due penalty for [my] error?
Many believe these words are the most damning in scripture for those who would dare affirm LGBT sexuality. For many, though it’s easy to see how the other passages of scripture are unrelated to love between people of the same gender, Romans 1:24-27 is the exception.
My conclusions are different. After much prayer and study, I found the good news in these verses. I believe it has nothing to do with loving and romantic care between people of the same gender, but that they still have an important word to speak to all of us—gay straight, and bisexual alike.
It’s About Consumption Not Care
Let’s start with verse 24, because that is the verse that first introduces the conversation about sexual acts:
Too often Romans 1:24-27 is read backwards, with the same-sex acts mentioned at the very end in verse 27 read into verses 24 to 26, but that’s the wrong way to read. The first introduction is that lust and impurity with groups of people who are dishonoring their bodies not with private intimacy between two, but “among themselves.”
Paul is talking here about the same thing he addressed later in the same book. Romans 13:13 says, “Let us walk properly as in the daytime, not in orgies and drunkenness, not in sexual immorality and sensuality, not in quarreling and jealousy.”
Paul is writing to Rome. In this passage he is specifically speaking about Gentiles to a Jewish audience living in Rome. So he was speaking about Romans. We know that wealthy Romans sometimes had orgies, often involving slaves and inferiors. This behavior is referenced in scripture and there are extrabiblical accounts as well. Read Browson’s Bible, Gender, Sexuality for more information. These men would have had wives waiting at home with no say in the matter while they indulged in orgies.
This is Paul’s introduction to the topic and should not be separated from the continuing discussion in verses 26-27 which only expand on verse 24.
To say that these married Romans were a group of gay men would be to read into the text in the service of a point that one is seeking to make, but not the point Paul was making. To say that these relationships between people of the same gender involved fidelity and care is unfaithful to the text. The wives would certainly disagree.
It’s a Result of Idolatry
Perhaps the first part of this passage I noticed did not apply to me at all was when it spoke of this same-sex eroticism as being the result of idolatry. After describing idolaters who abandoned their creator for images and objects of created things, they “therefore” were given up to “lust of their hearts and impurity” (vs. 24).
Just in case that word “therefore” isn’t convincing enough. Paul made it explicitly clear in verse 25, stating that this is happening “because” of their exchanging worship of God for worship of images. He then returns to further explain the nature of the sexual sin in verses 26-27.
I knew I wasn’t perfect, but I certainly hadn’t abandoned worship of God. I was at seminary pursuing full-time ministry as a vocation. I wanted to be faithful to God, serve God and my church in ministry, I was fully committed to serving God and my church for the rest of my life, whether or not I was offered a job to do so.
What was I doing wrong? Why was I experiencing something that was the result of idolatry?
Maybe it hadn’t. Maybe my sexual orientation is something different. Surely what was happening to me didn’t fit what Paul was describing as a continued falling away from God that began with idolatry. If the first part didn’t fit, maybe this part didn’t fit either.
The Theme of the Passage is About Objectification
Stepping back and looking at the big picture of this passage made it make more sense. Paul does make this context clear.
1. Worship of God is replaced with images; their fidelity to God is replaced by objects that look like created things.
2. Honorable sexual relationships were replaced with dishonorable; their fidelity to their spouses also broke down and was replaced by sexual objectification of others.
3. Righteous treatment of others was replaced by exploitation, malice, hate, and harm; their fidelity to humanity in general broke down.
I’ve written an in-depth explanation of how this works in the context of the passage if you would like to understand it better.
Same-sex sex is an especially useful example in this case precisely because in their society it never happened in the context of love and fidelity. There was always some level of exploitation whether it was sexual assault, pederasty, or orgies as in this case.
Same-sex sexuality wouldn’t serve as such a good example if Paul were writing today and not 2,000 years ago, because two men or two women who are married, share a mortgage, and raise children would be completely out of place in this passage.
For those who object, saying that what’s important is that Paul says “men committing shameless acts with men” is speaking not to context but to the specific acts, I have two things to consider.
First, we don’t treat all of Paul’s writings that way. When he says in 1 Corinthians 11:6 “it is disgraceful for a wife to cut off her hair or shave her head, let her cover her head,” we certainly don’t take this as a commandment or a matter of church discipline. It’s the context of their day that men have short hair and women long hair, and violation of this cultural standard is shameful.
Second, this verse does occur in a context. Paul is talking about specific people who go from idolatry to sexual consumption to generally consuming other human being in their hateful and selfish conduct.
Same-sex eroticism only and always occurs in such contexts in scripture. Perhaps there is a reason for that. Maybe that’s the only context the biblical writers ever considered? We certainly have no evidence otherwise.
Vocabulary of Unbridled Lust
In his description of the behavior of the Romans, Paul scours the dictionary for every word he can use to describe their behavior in terms of consuming and exclusive lust, often stacking them on top of each other for emphasis.
In the course of three verses (24,26-27) Paul uses the words epithumia, pathe, exekauthesan, and orexei, all synonyms for lust. Some of these words individually are used elsewhere in the context of marriage, but taken together, with no context or indication of care and love, Paul has something else entirely in mind.
He is emphatically communicating his point. This isn’t the healthy sexual appetite in the context of care and fidelity, but lust, passion, desire, and craving unbridled and immoderate.
No Meaning for Same-Sex Couples
So what makes people willing to apply a verse about orgies in the context of idolatry, adultery, and objectification to same-sex couples? Same-sex couples do not belong in this passage. They wouldn’t fit. That much should be obvious.
One reason is probably that people are looking for a direct answer from scripture to their question about whether same-sex relationships are wrong. I understand that desire. But we shouldn’t try to force scripture to answer directly questions it never asked directly. When we are asking a question that was never asked in the Bible, we shouldn’t expect a direct answer.
Paul answered the questions of the churches in Rome in the 1st century. Not the questions in Ireland in the 5th century. Not the questions in China in the 14th century. Not the questions in modern Western cultures in the 21st century.
Some things are timeless. There are basic questions about love, the worship of God, and the treatment of others that are asked by all people at all times. The questions about sexual orientation do not fall in this category, and there are many other questions in our modern society that aren’t answered directly in scripture.
God must trust us to apply his principles. God must expect us to do the same thing Jesus did in Matthew 5-7 and understand the heart of God’s word and how it applies in our lives.
The other reason this passage is often applied to LGBT people is less innocent. The reason someone who does understand the context would think this passage is appropriate to same-sex couples is if they believe such relationships are inherently selfish and characterized by uncontrolled lust, objectification, and the breakdown of basic fidelity.
In other words, they believe LGBT people are inherently inferior and that when we make loving commitments to each other we aren’t motivated by love and care like those who make commitments to people of the opposite gender. They think we belong in Romans 1 with idolaters, people consumed by lust, hateful, arrogant, and foolish people who despise righteousness.
When you encounter such interpretations, you can be sure the willingness to apply these texts to people like myself are not based on a careful reading of scripture. Sometimes what’s really happening is a misunderstanding of who LGBT people are. It’s a misunderstanding of the type that once landed same-sex couples in prison in America for expressing affection (and still does in many countries), that leads to accusations of LGBT people being pedophiles for no reason but their orientation, and that fosters disgust, hate, and sometimes violence against sexual minorities. This understanding has no place in the heart of a Jesus follower.
Beloved LGBT readers, when you find in yourself love that is holy and good, the desire to give to another person all the beautiful ideals given to us in 1 Corinthians 13, and the desire to unite yourself with another human in such love, I hope you can see that your love is not what is being described by Paul. I hope you can learn to embrace the queer and beautiful love you have been given by God. I hope you can embrace the truth that is in Jesus, that love is worth sacrifice.
1. I read most of this article,To me it seems as if the author is trying to justify any sexual behaviour. You can’t make the Bible say what you want it to say. The Lord wants moral purity from everyone of us.Jesus said that to look on a woman to lust after her, means that the man has already committed adultery with her in his heart.Don’t look for loopholes so you can do what you want to do with anyone you want to do it with. The standard is high & The Lord expects us to attain it with His Help. No excuses.!!!!!
1. This is just a way to dismiss the arguments without actually engaging them. God’s standard is high, and dismissing people is not part of the standard. Self-examination, humility, and a willingness to change in order to better pursue the love that has been set before us, that’s a truly high standard. Making life harder for sexual minorities than for straight, cis-gender people? That’s false holiness and impure love.
2. If you argue that the only mention of homosexual activity that is negative in the bible refers to violence (which is a far stretch because it does not say violence in words), and NOT because it is fundamentally against God’s design, then where do you stand with orgies? Scripture uses words that imply God views same sex relationships as immoral and against His design.
Orgies that are not violent, but that are all concentual, and please all involved? Why would God forbid orgies? Scripture uses words that imply God simply views plural sexual interaction as immoral, and against his design.
Another topic is incestuous relationships. No violence, mutual consent, monogamous and fidelity to each other? Scripture uses words that imply it is forbidden not because of violence but because it is against God’s design.
Your main argument for all your interpretations of homosexual references in the Bible is that the Bible is condemning violent, aggressive, or unconsented sexual acts between same sex relationships. However the language Scripture uses does not vary between all of these topics. In that way, how can you draw the conclusion that the same words refer to violence exclusively in the different mentions (uniformly), but not apply them to the other sexual acts the Bible condemns?
How do you define sexual immorality?
1. No, I don’t say it refers to violence only. I don’t believe I’ve ever said that.
If you read the article carefully, I’m saying that Paul is speaking specifically of Roman orgies as being sinful, objectification, and violation of fidelity.
I like the biblical definition of sexual ethics given by Brownson, “People are not to say with their bodies what they cannot or will not say with the whole of their lives.” I highly recommend his book, “Gender, Bible, Sexuality.” If you are interested in learning more it’s a great place to go.
He also speaks of sexual ethics in terms of establishing a kinship bond. In the case of brother and sister, whether they are biologically related or even adopted I would add, they are violating the previously established kinship bond. Same with sexual relationships between parent and child, even adult child. They are already family to you in the sense of siblings, and that is incompatible with romantic partnership.
Let me ask you something, if you were to take away the 2 or 3 verses in the Bible that speak against siblings being sexually involved with each other, would you then think it was okay? Is your belief that it’s wrong really based solely on the statement in Leviticus 18 and a couple other places? Or would you still think it’s wrong? I suspect that you would still think it was wrong. If that’s correct, then maybe your sexual ethics aren’t as dependent on literalistic biblical interpretations as you suspect.
3. Solid treatment of contentious and often difficult/troublesome text!
I feel that there is an important component of the sex (especially same-sex acts) that Paul and the Bible at-large condemn which you seem to have left out, or under-emphasize IMHO. And that is the aspect of power, domination, control and even ownership which of course ties into humiliation, subordination and shame of the one who is being penetrated. I believe this to be one the most prominent ideas commonly associated with male-male sex in Mediterranean cultures going back to Biblical times.
Even into the modern era (although beginning to fade somewhat) in many/most Mediterranean cultures there is a fair amount of unspoken/tacit tolerance of ‘bisexuality’ with men, especially in certain circumstances (I’m referring much more to the secular population). There is a prevailing yet rather hidden idea that it is tolerable for a man, particularly a young man who is feeling horny yet does not have access to his wife/girlfriend or who is single to engage in sexual acts with prostitutes or other men as long as they are always in the dominant role. In fact, they typically would not even consider the act to be homosexual on their part despite the obvious fact that only two men were involved. These men are less likely to brag about such exploits to their comrades especially as they get older. Outside the cultures where it exists this is a poorly understood complex paradigm of sex and sexuality which is the result and culmination of numerous subtle differences in perception in many areas, some with little to no apparent connection. But in my opinion this mentality is key to fully understanding Biblical references to certain male-male sex acts.
I also respectfully propose that you at least consider carefully evaluating some of the terminology you employ in your writing. For example, you often use the phrase “same-sex eroticism” in reference to these degrading sexual acts. I find this not only inaccurate but somewhat offensive because in reality there is nothing erotic about them—for anyone involved. At least not with my definition of “erotic” which perhaps differs from yours more than I realize. In general you seem to choose your words carefully and wisely, but I’ve noticed some instances where the choice of words seems a bit less than ideal, and in certain cases seems like it could misrepresent if not undermine the concepts you are advocating. I am open to the possibility that the discrepancy may be my personal understand of certain words which may not be as aligned with commonly held meaning as I believe. But I don’t see what you may have to lose by considering and exploring that same possibility yourself. Please also consider that my criticism may truly be coming from a sincere desire to help your writing to be as solid and precise as possible! It is “constructive” in the true sense of the word.
BTW, I am pleased that you have iterated clearly, more than once, that essentially many of these questions we have are not directly answered in the Bible! And rather than try to bend and reframe the Bible, twisting its words to answer our queries, we must learn to actually think for ourselves in a responsible and informed manner, based on the teachings of scripture. I feel that all too often Christians don’t really want to “think”—they would much prefer to have all the answers ready to be spoon-fed to them. And that is understandable and not surprising, but it is lazy and can also be a sign of fear (due to a subconscious acknowledgement of one’s ignorance and ill-preparedness to tackle hard questions).
You are clearly neither lazy nor fearful! And that is a very inspiring standard/example you are providing.
1. I really appreciate all this feedback. There may well be some power dynamics in pay as well with the Roman orgies, I don’t see how there couldn’t be considering how highly structured and hierarchical their society is. I don’t think that is as clear in the text of Romans. I do try to take an approach in which I don’t rely too much on Greco-Roman culture not because I don’t think it’s important, but because I want to articulate things in a way that more conservative folks will resonate with more clearly. I have another reason for emphasizing the idea of out of control lust as well, and that’s that over and over critics say that affirming theology rests on there being exploitation and say that this isn’t the case in Romans because of the specific verbage that sounds mutual. You and I know that there can still be power dynamics at play here, but even if you don’t buy that there definitely are, there are other reasons Paul had for condemning these acts. I do use the phrase eroticism intentionally to distinguish it from any concept of sexual orientation. I’m not sure why you don’t think it’s an appropriate word. What would your understanding of the word be? I do actually think a close reading of the text provides most of the context that other literature only confirms. But the info from culture is so illuminating. Have you seen the paintings they’ve uncovered at Pompeii? I heard they had to put a rating on them to keep kids out because they were pornographic.
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Copyright (C) 2002. Des Devlin ([email protected]) and D.V.Rogers ([email protected])
This program is derived from other GPL software. The main program was adapted from skeleton C code kindly provided by Curt Wuollet ([email protected]) of Wide Open Technologies and the MAT LinuxPLC project (http.mat.sourceforge.net). The program runs on top of the CIO-DIO48H driver written by Warren Jasper ([email protected]) at North Carolina State University.
Seismonitor was written as part of a conceptual arts project using near-real-time seismic data to control a recommissioned earthquake simulator. The original switch-relay system (Festo PLC) that drove the hydraulics and pneumatics of the machine was replaced by a standard PC with a CIO-DIO48H digital I/O Isa board and a 48-channel solid-state relay rack. The proprietary software that controlled the system stepped through a series of sequences within a closed environment. This program was written to both move the system into an open (Linux) operating environment and introduce a near-real-time, IP-based interactivity to the system.
Linux system with console display or Xterm
Perl CPAN modules: libww-Perl, URI, MIME-Base64, HTML-Parser, libnet, Digest-MD5
The CIO-DIO48H loadable linux module available from ftp://lx10.tx.ncsu.edu/pub/Linux/drivers.
(Full documentation is included in the driver package) Seismonitor uses version 1.1 for kernel versions 2.0.x-2.2.x.
A PC with an Isa bus
A modem or network card if running in online mode
CIO-DIO48H digital I/O board
48-channel solid state relay rack (optional)
tar zxvf seismonitor-0.9.tgz
cd seismonitor/
make Makefile
online.pl and the binary both print to stdout so are best evoked from separate consoles/xterms.
insmod dio48H
./online.pl [> /dev/tty1 2>&1 &]
README - This file
License- GNU General Public License
Makefile - A simple makefile to compile seismonitor
main.c - The main source file
fileio.c - File input-output source
group_01.c - Run sequences source
group_02.c - ""
group_03.c - ""
group_04.c - State sequences
group_05.c - Run and misc sequences source
group.h - Header file with defines, timings, I/O card mappings
dio.h - Header file from CIO-DIO48H (copied or linked)
seis.dat - Perl-generated data file
online.pl - Perl script for use in online mode
offline.pl - Perl script for use in offline mode
RESET.c - Return all outputs to 0 state
/smio - Curt Wuollet's demo source
The binary polls the data file 'seis.dat' for changes to the first, 6-digit (hhmmss) field. If a change occurs, the second, 2-digit field - the magnitude value - is read in, multiplied by a factor of n and passed to a set of usleep variables which controls the duration of the set, pause (usleep) and reset/clear output signals to the I/O card.
If no change occurs, the program continues in its default state, controlling two outputs which drive an air circuit.
online.pl and offline.pl. These two scripts are the wrappers for seismonitor. The first polls a remote server for data. The second takes input from the perl prompt and was written primarily for testing but is currently used to shutdown the simulator.
online.pl This script assumes an Internet connection. It polls, retrieves and parses near-real-time data from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Management Center (DMC) server at http://www.iris.washington.edu. It first retrieves cgi output of all available recent seismic events and writes to a temporary file, '.seis.tmp'. It then does a simple parse of the tmp file, extracting the most recent event time and magnitude which it writes to the data file, seis.dat. The tmp file is deleted after processing.
offline.pl This script takes two options at the prompt: a lowercase 'q' to quit/shutdown seismonitor, and a single- or double-digit number separated by a decimal point within a given range. This number represents a magnitude value. The script writes a single line of two fields to the data file, seis.dat. The first six-digit field must be unique for seismonitor's file I/O logic to trigger an event sequence; the second is a two-digit value representing a magnitude, taken from user input at the prompt. The magnitude value is multiplied by a factor of 10. If 'q' is entered, the magnitude value is replaced with a value of -1, which triggers a shutdown sequence.
[email protected] November 2001
Catalogue Contents
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/58104
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Melissa Kaplan's
Lyme Disease
Last updated January 1, 2014
Encephalopathy, Neurocognitive Impairments and Depression in Lyme
CND Info Topics
Chemical Sensitivities
Differential Diagnoses
Lyme Disease
Finding Help:
Disability Attorneys
Support Groups
About Melissa Kaplan
About this CND Site
Support This Site
Advance Care Directives
Go to CND
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Search This Site
Along with all the fun Babesia, Bartonella, Borrelia and Ehrlichia have with our bodies, they rock when it comes to messing with the brain.
Autism? Might be Borrelia or another parasite.
Schizophrenia? Might be Bartonella or another parasite.
Psychosis? Ditto, along with undiagnosed or improperly treated hypothyroidism, or side effects of drugs prescribed for TBI.
Depression? The parasites can cause depression, or make much worse an existing depressive disorder. Same goes for the drugs prescribed to treat TBI. Undiagnosed or improperly treated hypothyroidism can also cause severe depression.
Suicidal ideation? Parasites and side effects to some of the drugs used to treatment can drive people to the verge of suicide, as can undiagnosed or improperly treated hypothyroidism.
Successful suicides due to the pain and depression of the disease, topped by the rejection of the medical community and families? These tragedies occur all too often, thanks to the continued lack of knowledge on the part of physicians and mental health professionals and families.
(Why am I bringing up hypothyroidism here? Because these tickborne diseases affect the endocrine system's function, they affect the thyroid gland's function, which is why the majority of TBI patients have hypothyroidism, with a few thrown the other way, into hyperthyroidism. These thyroid disorders requires a physician who is knowledgeable enough about the thyroid tests and clinical diagnosis of thyroid disorders to be able to tweak the medications frequently as the courses of treatment for the TBI continue for the months (usually years) until the patient is stabilized at a higher level of functioning.)
Encephalopathy, Neurocognitive Impairments and Depression in Lyme
Neurologic Lyme Disease: Defining and Treating an Elusive Target
The Neuropsychiatric Assessment in Lyme Disease Bransfield (available in PDF format)
Everyday Observations of Lyme, Biotoxins and Inflammation: Signs Commonly Missed
Nervous System Lyme Disease
Distinct Pattern of Cognitive Impairment Noted in Study of Lyme Patients
Inflammatory Processes in Mental Illness
Lyme Disease and Cognitive Impairments
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Lyme Fallon et al.
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Lyme in Children
No, You're Not Crazy...
Audiologic manifestations of patients with post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome
Can't Get It Out of My Head: Brain Disorder Causes Mysterious Music Hallucinations
Neuron Network Goes Awry, And Brain Becomes an IPod
Something Bugging You?
Broken link to report?
About Melissa Kaplan
Herp Care
Chemical Sensitivity
Finding Support/Doctors/Attorneys
Green Iguana Care
CopingGenderThyroidHelp Support This Site
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Differential DxLyme DiseaseAnapsid HomeEmergency Preparedness
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Belief System: What is it? Why should you Know about it?
Belief System: An Introduction to the Concept that Affects your Life
Belief is not just another word; it is an acceptance of something that may or may not exist. Even though there is no solid proof of the existence of the thing you believe in, you have faith. For an instance, we haven’t seen God. There is no solid proof that He exists; yet, we have a belief in his existence. A belief system is the story that you tell yourself to explain your sense of reality. Every person has his own set of beliefs. There are times when a specific person’s belief is so high that it influences the minds of the others as well.
Why am I writing about the belief system in the category of Law of Attraction?
Because most of the people think that the beliefs of a specific person can’t be changed; however, unless you focus on creating a belief system that brings better things into your life, it is impossible for you to adopt the subject of Law of Attraction.
Understanding the concept of belief system is no piece of cake. Thousands of researchers and psychologists have conducted hundreds of studies on this subject. Those, who believe in the concept of Law of Attraction understand the belief system in a much better way. After all, Law of Attraction is based on the things that you believe to achieve.
For example – do you think you can achieve a particular thing unless you believe that you can?
Even if you say you never thought you could possibly achieve something that you have achieved in your life, somewhere deep down inside you knew that it was meant to happen.
In Law of Attraction, one has to change his belief system, or at least work on it, for the sake of achieving his desire. Manifestation is not the sole process in which you can get what you have dreamed of; you need to work on what you believe.
Why you should know about the belief system?
Because you want to achieve something in life; I am sure you have your own dreams, goals and targets that you wish to achieve. No one lives without a goal; in order to manifest your wish, you need to believe that it will really happen. Only when you believe, you get into the state of touch, feel, taste and smell and when all of your senses are heightened, the Universe manifests your desire.
I hope you found this quick note on belief system useful. I am soon going to write on how to understand and then change your belief system.
Love and light!
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1. Prathibha February 5, 2017 Reply
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Five Year Plans
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India has adopted the five-year plan model which was practiced in the earlier communist Soviet Union. The Five-Year Plan exercise is a detailed work plan. To begin with an Approach Paper is prepared to identify the growth target and the sectors to be prioritised in the five year plan. After the Approach Paper is discussed and finalised in the highest policy making body viz; the National Development Council, the subject divisions in Planning Commission representing the different Central Ministries set up Working Groups wherein subject experts, state government officials and central government officials are Members and they discuss and chart out the course of action to be implemented in the next five years. The Working Groups are mainly headed by the Head of Division of the concerned subject in the Central Ministry. After the Working Groups submit their Reports, Steering Committees chaired by the Members of Planning Commission examine these Reports and may support/reject/add to the recommendations made in the Working Group Reports. After this exercise the officers of Planning Commission utilise these Reports and the inputs received from the discussions held with State Government officials during plan discussions start drafting the chapters that form part of the Five Year Plan document. Once all subject divisions prepare their chapters, the Plan Coordination Division consolidates these chapters and the First draft the five year plan document is circulated among Members, to the Deputy Chairman, discussed in the Full Planning Commission meeting after which it is again placed before the National Development Council which approves the plan document. This plan document is the referral guide for officers in the Planning Commission as well as the Central Ministries in scheme formulation and implementation for the next five years. India has so far completed XI Five Year Plans and the XII Five Year Plan is presently underway.
In the event of creation of NITI Aayog to replace Planning Commission, apprehensions were raised regarding the continuation of five year plans. In the first meeting of the Governing Council of National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog, which was held on February 8, 2015, it was decided that the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017) would continue. NITI Aayog would suitably undertake its Mid Term Appraisal so that a shared vision of national development agenda and important national initiatives are incorporated for their effective implementation in the remaining two years of the Plan.
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Untrack Local Files in Git
Sometimes we require to untrack files or folders that have already been added to a git repository. The following git command will stop tracking specified files or folders but keep the file in a git repository intact. This is good for files or directories that have auto generated files or need to be customized often (e.g configuration files). So everytime you do a git commit, you don’t have to commit Continue reading
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Friday, June 22, 2012
Paperback Giveaway - various romance authors (ALL BOOKS GONE NOW)
Since I rarely keep books due to shelf space issues (and since I have many of them on my ereader anyway), I am giving away a few paperbacks I have read already.
First come, first served: simply leave a comment on the post on my blog (not on the goodreads site please, since I won't see that in time), and say which book you want. I will confirm by comment on the post whether you were the first to claim the book.
Then email me at with your mailing address and the book title again.
US Addresses only please - I'll pay the postage.
So, here's the list:
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Special Reward For Our Members: ( How it Works )
20% off all Backer City Club members pledges.
TWILIGHT HOTEL: Complete Volume 1 Horror Comic Book Series
The production of Volume 1, series 1 - 4, as individual Comic Books and a single Hardcover Book, with Horror art from Chet Zar and more
Creator: Darrell Smith
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Tuesday, 9 February 2016
My Everyday Make Up
For my base I use my favourite foundation, Estee Lauder's Double Wear Stay-in-Place Makeup in shade 'Dawn' followed by my trusty Maybelline Eye Eraser concealer.
I begin by brushing through my brow hairs and then fill with a brown shadow from my favourite brow kit by Sleek. I then finish taming my brows with Maybelline's Brow Drama mascara.
I like to give my lids warmth by using Benefit's Hoola bronzer all over and then across my lower lash line. Then I take shade 'Darkhorse' from my Urban Decay Naked palette and line my lower lash line and blend into my bronzed lid. With the Collection Fast Stroke liquid liner I create an even cat eye flick. To finish off the eyes I use my current favourite mascara, Maybelline's Lash Sensation mascara.
I can't get enough of Vita Liberata's Trystal mineral bronzer, which also acts as a self tanner. I choose to apply this on my temples, nose and chin as well as defining my cheeks. To add some colour to the apples of me cheeks I like to use MAC's blush in 'Peaches'.
Tamara x
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Friday, September 14, 2018
Ingredients Deep Dive into my Avocado Lotion via EWG's Skin Deep Cosmetics Database
Today we are deep diving into the ingredients in my vegan Avocado Lotion. Full disclosure, I do not make any of my lotion bases, instead I research samples from many, many different companies and then I choose the best ones. You will NEVER receive a runny, watery lotion from me.
In case you were wondering who EWG Skin Deep is, it is my go to resource if I have any questions about an ingredient, with the 2nd being Wikipedia. They use the power of information to protect human health and the environment. Their database gives you practical information to protect yourself and your family from everyday exposures to chemicals. They have an easy to understand rating system:
And also understand, when listing ingredients, it is done by quantity. So the first few ingredients make up most of the product, while the last few are in the smallest percentages.
Water - Hazard Score Key: 1
Avocado Oil - Hazard Score Key: 1
Glycerin - Hazard Score Key: 2
Stearic Acid - Hazard Score Key: 1
Cetyl Alcohol - Hazard Score Key: 1
Dimethicone - Hazard Score Key: 3
Glyceryl Stearate - Hazard Score Key: 2
PEG-100 Stearate - Hazard Score Key: 3
Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract - Hazard Score Key: 1
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract - Hazard Score Key: 1
Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Extract - Hazard Score Key: 1
Tocopherols - Hazard Score Key: 1
Panthenol (Pro-Vitamin B5) - Hazard Score Key: 1
Allantoin - Hazard Score Key: 1
Triethanolamine - Hazard Score Key: 5
Phenoxyethanol - Hazard Score Key: 4
Hexylene Glycol - Hazard Score Key: 1
Caprylyl Glycol - Hazard Score Key: 1
Ethylhexylglycerin - Hazard Score Key: 1
I hope this helps you make good choices about your skin care. What you put on your body is as important as what you put into your body.
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January 16, 2016
Migrating Vagrant setup from Puppet 3 to Puppet 4 (manifestdir)
Filed under: ResearchAndDevelopment — Ryan Wilcox @ 10:11 pm
I like Puppet with Vagrant. Puppet 4 removed an option I really liked: manifestdir
You see, often when I’d start a greenfield project, I’d include a Vagrantfile so getting a new developer set up is one command. I’ve talked about this in the past.
Now-a-days I want to keep my puppet scripts in a folder, organized and slightly away from the main code.
Because I’m boring I call this puppet/.
manifestdir let me do that: shove everything into puppet/ and not see it. One simple flag passed into Puppet from Vagrant.
I knew Puppet 4 was going to remove manifestdir, but I could ignore the problem as long as Vagrant base boxes shipped with Puppet 3.7. Which they no longer do – it seems to be 4.x now-a-days.
Bitrot is rough in the DevOps world.
It also means I had to revisit territory from the first half of an earlier blog post.
I figured out how to solve my problem by abusing Puppet’s Environment system
Skip ahead and see the diff
In my Vagrant setup I’ll have Puppet modules specific to my app: telling Puppet to install this version of Ruby, that database, this Node package, whatever. I’ll also have third party modules: actually doing the heavy lifting of downloading the right Linux package for whatever, etc.
So, I’m building on some abstraction.
I use puppet module install to pull in third party modules. Puppet 4 puts them in a new place, I specifying the environment, to keep the cognitive dissidence low. I don’t strictly have to do this, but I think it’s good.
Note that we don’t want our third party modules to be in the same places as our specific modules: if installed them in the same place then we’d have to deal with these extra files in our source tree.
You see, when Vagrant starts up it creates a folder: /tmp/vagrant-puppet/ – it’s a shared folder so anything extra put in there shows up in our source directory.
So puppet module install installs third party modules in one place, and Vagrant installs our modules in another place.
Here’s where environments come in:
1. We set our environment_path in the Vagrantfile to be ./. This is where Puppet will go looking for environments to load
2. We set our environment – aka the environment Vagrant will tell Puppet to use – to a folder named puppet in the source directory. (remember that?)
3. Puppet environments can contain three things: a config file, a modules folder and a manifests folder
Our config file sets the path for modules: we tell Puppet to look in our puppet/modules file, then look in the directory where puppet module install downloads its modules to, then look at the base module directory.
We need our config file because by default Puppet will look for modules in our environment’s module path, and the base module directory… and not where puppet module install puts things. (or so it seems…)
So that’s how you mis-use environments to get manifestdir “working” again.
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Jump to: navigation, search
A brand name for a cellulose acetate solution described in a series of German patents from 1901 to 1920. At one time, Cellit was used to make acetate silk, and acetate safety film and as a non-flammable replacement for Zapon-lack.
Synonyms and Related Terms
cellulose acetate; acetylcellulose
Other Properties
Soluble in acetone, acetic acid.
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Sermon Study Questions
Why aren't they doing it right?
Mark 2:18-28
1. Why wasn’t it appropriate for Jesus’ disciples to fast while he was with them?
2. Why are Jesus’ disciples a rejoicing people?
3. How did Jesus respond to the charge that his disciples were breaking the Sabbath?
4. What is the significance of Jesus saying that the Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath?
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Plate Theory and Extensions - Vacancy Chromatography > Page 76
Let the volume of sample injected be (Vi) ml, then the charge measured in 'plate volumes' will be (). Similarly, if the volume of mobile phase passed through the column is (y) ml then that will be equivalent to plate volumes. Assuming the sample that is injected onto the column contains solute (S) at a concentration Xs1, then from equation (25), the concentration of this solute () leaving the (n) th plate in the column will be given by:-
Thus, for a chromatogram of (q) solutes, the elution curve equation will be given by,
. (64)
If pure mobile phase is injected onto the column, then Xs= 0 and equation (26) becomes
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Registration is OPEN.
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Sunday, February 17, 2013
Psychological Testing - The Growing Trend in Conversions
I know, this sounds like a "typical Debbie Downer post from Kochava." But I don't think it is, though what I have to say will probably stir a lot of emotions.
Some of you may not know (and those of you who do may have kept silent) that psychological testing is a growing trend in the conversion world. I have had both a psychological "written test" as well as an actual psychological evaluation by a therapist.
So let's talk about psychological testing in the conversion process. There should be no shame in these discussions, which is why I will describe this issue using my own case as an example.
I wrote previously about my experience in the written psychological test: "A Rabbi Asked Me Inappropriate Questions" Is a Red Flag...But You Probably Can't Do Anything About It If You Want a Conversion. The written exam is definitely the growing trend in both conversions and the job interview process. I've had them in both contexts, multiple times in the job hunting arena. (Thankfully, I got all those jobs, so I suppose that means I "passed.") Written exams have "right" answers, "wrong" answers, and ones that require further evaluation by talking to the person. A right answer for one authority figure may be the wrong answer for another, so don't assume every test is created equal.
I do not approve of psychological testing in the conversion context, at least how I have seen it being used. Some of my problems:
A) The test is often "too" thorough, as I noted the sexual questions on the test in the prior post. Job interview psych tests don't have those kinds of questions; they focus more on theft, embezzlement, and laziness. I believe a reasonable conclusion about a person's sanity, assuming you can get one from this method, can be done without hitting all the Freudian notes.
B) The test is usually (if not always, in some groups) administered by someone who is not trained in psychology or any related field. I can't know this, but it seems like (based on my experience) someone could simply print this questionnaire from the internet and analyze each question based on the analyst's (can't imagine it's anyone but a rabbi) interpretation of the "correct" answers for that particular question. I find it hard to believe these rabbis have been specifically trained in how to give such a test, much less how to evaluate it or deal with "questionable" responses (or how much weight those questionable responses should be given).
C) It is so easy to lie. As I said in the prior post, I answered honestly, and I know I was an idiot for doing so. If you've ever taken a psychological test, the answers are often very clear: "Have you ever killed an animal?" "Have you ever taken office supplies home?" "Do you take frequent breaks while working?" There are even "how to" instructions for how to pass these kinds of tests! See, for example, eHow. A "bad" candidate can get through this test almost as easily as a "good" candidate, if not more easily. A "good" candidate is more likely to answer honestly and then be punished for doing so.
D) What does it even prove? So maybe you do have issues stemming from childhood physical or sexual abuse. Maybe you do have low self-esteem. Maybe you do have a diagnosed psychological issue. Maybe you are a little nutty. Does that mean you'll be a bad Jew? I don't think those are mutually-exclusive. If the test were being used to spot potential issues and deal with them, that would be one thing. My suspicion is that they're simply a way to weed out "undesireables" or maybe even to target "discouragement" more effectively. I don't believe these tests are being used correctly, and that even if they were, do they really accomplish anything to begin with?
So if I disapprove of psychological tests so strongly, how can I be "okay" with psychological evaluations? Most importantly, psychological evaluations are done by an out-of-house professional: someone unconnected to the beit din (except maybe socially) and who has no stake in your conversion. But it's also a professional: someone who knows what traits to focus on, how to test troublesome issues, and how much weight any issues should be given. And even better, if issues are present, the counselor/therapist/psychologist can explain potential follow-up options and help you get any assistance you may need (or want!).
Psych evals are the growing trend, but no one talks about them. No one wants to say, "Yeah, the beit din sent me to a head shrinker." The Jewish community, particularly in some communities, still stigmatize mental health issues and believe they'll go away if ignored. I was sent for a psych eval, and I knew it was not something you mention to your dates later. Of course, I did, but only because I made it into a funny story or an anger-inducing story as a call to action to protect conversion candidates, as the situation required. As you know, I'm a weirdo.
My understanding is that batei din are increasingly requiring every candidate to go through a psych eval. In my opinion, this is the best case scenario. No one is singled out; it's "standard operating procedure." It should be (but probably isn't) listed in their conversion application and costs disclosure. (Yes, every beit din should disclose potential costs to you at the beginning, which is getting more common.) Psych evals cost money, and it's money the candidate will have to pay. There may be ways to find a mutually-acceptable person approved by your insurance company or to negotiate reduced fees. As I was unemployed and without insurance, I negotiated a reduced fee (technically, the beit din negotiated it for me because they're awesome guys), but it was still very expensive. In the end, I asked my parents to pay for it as my Chanukah gift that year, and the therapist was very patient and accommodating.
I believe that a psych eval can be very helpful to the candidate, as well as the beit din. I'm a strong believer in psychology, self-improvement, and personal growth. I'm the annnoying person who reads books about those topics and actually tries to implement them into my life. I recognize that this is unusual; most people are content to address problems when they become a problem, not seeking out problems. My college's motto was "Know Thyself" (like probably 400 other colleges), and I strongly believe in that. Conversion candidates are obviously already open to change and discomfort, so they are in the perfect position to do a self-evaluation of their motives and history and how it lead to this life path. I believe a psych eval can help by bringing in a disinterested third party with professional training to help you identify the path that lead you here. It's also harder to lie to yourself that a problem isn't really a problem until you have an objective observer. That's just human. In short, I suggest that everyone, candidate or not, can benefit from this kind of discussion with a professional.
Problems I'd like to see addressed: How much information and what kind of information is passed from the psychologist to the beit din? Is it merely a "I do/do not believe this person is an acceptable conversion candidate from a psychological standpoint" or "I believe this person is an acceptable conversion candidate from a psychological standpoint, but has issues with X, Y, and Z" or "I do not believe this person is an acceptable candidate for conversion because of X, Y, and Z"? Who gets the info: the entire beit din? Their intern or secretary? Only the administrative rabbi? Only the av beit din? From a lawyer's perspective, the rabbis and psychologists should be paying more attention to the HIPPA issues and create a form that explains what information is being given to whom. (And get the candidate's signature!)
Others are asked to do a psych eval on an ad hoc basis, as I was. However, in my situation, certain bullies had made very public accusations about my mental health. Unfortunately, when someone calls you crazy, it's not very effective to turn the insult around. So I was asked to undergo a couple of sessions (number to be determined by the therapist) with a licensed social worker who was also frum and had worked with many other conversion candidates. It wasn't the most pleasant experience, but it certainly wasn't a bad one. I was nervous and I was angry to be there in the first place, but she did her job efficiently and respectfully. I suppose I "passed," but she did give me her evaluation of my personality and struggles I faced and some psychological options to pursue if I wished. Everyone could use a professional to talk to (and has at least one issue to deal with). However, it's a luxury that many of us cannot afford. But I won't lie to you, I would like to have that luxury one day, as my life has been very difficult in many ways.
From the perspective of the rabbis, I think standardized psychological evaluations would also benefit them. There must be few things scarier than telling someone that you believe that she, that individual, needs a psych eval. If you believe (or have been told) that a person is mentally unstable, you have no idea how they will react. Even "normal" people could break down in tears or become angry. When I was sat down for "the psych eval" conversation, I noticed immediately how nervous the rabbi was. I became terrified because I didn't know what could make him afraid! He gave a long explanation of the facts that had lead up to that moment, and then climaxed by saying they had decided the fairest (and most objective) way to deal with the accusations was to ask me to go through a psych eval. To his visible shock, I took it in stride and agreed with him that the situation required it. I wasn't pleased that bullies' accusations were going to put me out almost $500, but I did (and still do) believe that was the only practical option available to the beit din. And I was thankful for the opportunity to address the accusations, as I had not been given that opportunity by others. I felt that my word was being given equal weight finally, and I was thankful.
There is a deeper question that is sidestepped by this post: why is an analysis of a candidate's mental health an issue for the rabbis at all? That is a much tougher question, but the longer I'm in the conversion community, the more I understand part of the reason why. I will not sugarcoat this: there are some really effin' crazy people trying to get converted. Sometimes the craziness is totally harmless, and sometimes it is the sole reason someone is seeking a conversion. For example, in my case, I believe the therapist (I guess that's what you call social workers doing therapy?) explored a great deal into whether I was converting as a means of escaping my past (and I believe she would investigate that thoroughly in every conversion candidate). For example, someone who suffered in a former religion may simply be running to another religion, without really caring for what religion it is. Or someone with a missing or abusive family history may be trying to build a new family and community, again without really affiliating with the Jewish religion. Someone with aggressively religious family may be using conversion solely as a rebellion. Some people may want to build a new persona to escape their history, much as some people lose themselves in World of Warcraft or other "communities." I believe these can be factors that bring a candidate to Judaism (and even keep him or her there), but if it is the sole factor, that person isn't an acceptable conversion candidate under the halacha. Many things bring a person to Judaism, so those factors aren't bad in themselves, so long as there is the sincere affiliation with the Jewish religion and faith. I've written before about some of these factors: Why on Earth Would Someone Convert to Judaism? Even if those issues aren't an issue worth blocking or delaying a conversion, it can be very powerful to pinpoint those issues and working through them either alone or with a professional. Know thyself.
ADDENDUM: A smart friend made a very insightful comment that I thought should be included: "The further removed we are from one another and the less known you are as a person to your converting rabbi, the more standard this will become. But instead of seeing this as the inevitable result of concentrating the business of conversion into fewer venues, I guess we can see how this now 'makes sense'. And the more extreme things get the more things will continue to make sense until someone decides enough is enough. Obviously, I'm not in favor of routine psych evals. However, the more extreme the system gets the more 'normal' the extreme will seem."
1. i personally think there was nothing wrong with you and this whole 'send you to a psychologist thing to get a psych eval" was only used to test you and check if it works to push you away from Judaism by such a cheap method as questioning your sanity, so as to get to you to break down and question your "old self". This is one of the conversion methods that Rabbis use, old school. Conversion Rabbis purposely do things to annoy people in the conversion process and drive them crazy, then they send them to a psychologist to get evaluated when really there's absolutely nothing wrong with the person. This is the standard 'treatment' that Rabbis give to wanna-be Jews. It's bogus. Because it creates issues that aren't there. It's as if they give the wrong medicine to the healthy patient, and the treatment makes the person sick because this was not necessary in the first place. there may be people who have "real issues" but mostly I doubt there are any real issues of concern as much as it's Rabbis using tricky methods to push people away and make them feel bad about themselves. like really do all the religious conversions out there make use of "psychological evaluation"? If someone wants to become a Catholic, a Muslim or whatever other religion, are they really told to get a psych evaluation? No, of course not. Even if they would have certain psychological issues, so what? What does that have to do with religion? Not even in the other more liberal forms of Judaism, as far as I know. This only happens in Orthodox Judaism....and that's because there's this attitude to push people away in all the ways possible, including by cheap means.
2. RCA is the number one Beis Din to do this to virtually every one. it's written in their GPS standards. It's not because there would be anything out of the ordinary with you in particular, but rather they do it to every single person they can. if they skip a few people, that's only because they don't want the other people who got a psychological evaluation to think they actually did nothing wrong and it's to ensure people don't realize that's how their conversion methods are like.
every single person who successfully goes through this process ends up feeling guilty and blames themselves thinking OMG what did they do wrong? or OMG, there's something wrong with them, they're mentally unstable. and the Ortho Rabbis make the people feel embarrassed and humiliated and bad about themselves and then everyone keeps it a secret and says nothing about it being ashamed and embarrassed...but the conversion Rabbis do this to everyone. these are their conversion methods. it's the halacha to do this to people converting.
conversion should not be like this. it should be a beautiful process where a person is embraced for who they are, regardless of any personal imperfections they might have. but according to their conversion methods, regardless of how good you are pre-mikvah, you'll never be good enough. so they'll pick on you to make you feel bad about yourself. so that when they actually convert you, you'll feel such a high achiever and so accepted, and how amazing a person you've become.
that's how they ensure keeping people in the system. by first breaking people down with conversion methods that make people feel like they're the biggest losers on earth before conversion and the greatest achievers after conversion.
if you search for conversion methods that other religions/sects use to gain converts, you'll find overlap between the conversion methods to Judaism and conversion methods to other religions, even if certain things would be different (such as different believes, rituals, etc), the methods are meant to achieve the same effect (though there may be some variety in how they get applied).
1. While the GPS standards may allow for this, I do not believe that most (or maybe even many) RCA-approved batei din use actual psych evals. However, I think the use is growing. Psychological tests may be used by a majority, but I can't vouch for that either. I believe that trend is growing much faster than actual evals by a professional.
2. But as a side note, remember that "the RCA" is not a beit din. They are an umbrella organization that is putting their stamp of approval on regional batei din. Each beit din is (theoretically) independent, but they must meet common standards in order to provide "RCA conversions."
3. I converted with an RCA Beit Din and never had a psych eval.
3. I cannot thank you enough for being brave enough to come forward with this.
I consider myself a fairly logical and reasonable person. I lead a pretty low-drama life and work in a challenging field with a high degree of responsibility. So, I was rather shocked when my own sanity was questioned, early in my conversion process.
I think this is just another common tactic used to discourage conversion candidates and a pretty horrible one at that. For me, it happened in my first meeting with my prospective sponsoring Rabbi, toward the end of the meeting. I had just poured out my heart, explaining all my reasons for wanting to convert. That was when he asked me if I had ever been treated for a mental illness.
I'm normally a pretty strong person, but I left that office in tears. I felt like there must be something wrong with me. After all, if a Rabbi could not understand my reasons for wanting to convert and thought they were crazy...maybe they were?
I spent a year in that community and my relationship with my Rav never recovered. I questioned every question I ever asked him and censored anything I ever said to him. Even when he eventually agreed to be my sponsoring Rabbi, I don't think we ever trusted each other. Finally, I moved to another community, but I don't doubt that this issue will resurface here and I'll likely have to prove my sanity yet again.
I'm not a young woman and I've never had my sanity questioned in any other area of my life. Only when I wanted to convert did someone ever think I might be crazy. Personally, I think that says far more about what this Rabbi really felt about being Jewish...that you had to be crazy to want to be a Jew, than about me. Like you, I've tried to take this all in stride. Basically, if you complain or show any signs of stress through all this, it simply confirms any suspicions. As a conversion candidate, you are guilty until proven innocent and everything is up to the subjective judgment of the Rabbis you are working with.
And yes, you can bet that if I ever am given a test to take, I will choose the answers I think they want to hear. I've already learned that lesson. Honesty is all too often a luxury a conversion candidate cannot afford if they want to be accepted.
1. I agree with you that the Rabbi was speaking from weakness and insecurity. Torah true Judaism is fun, easy, rewarding, and very intellectually compelling. You should only frequent Shuls where they encompass these aspects of Yiddishkeit (Judaism)
4. When my Rabbi questioned my sanity, i told him to cut it out, I know these are his conversion methods and they suck. and he got upset for that, but either way I am right and he knows it too.
anyway, think about it this way:
later in life, people from various walks of life, whether Jews or not, and especially not Jews, may personally attack you in some way, including telling you that you are insane/crazy/lost your mind for being jewish and having converted to Judaism....the fact that you get a psych evaluation before you convert will serve you as a reminder later on that you made the right decision since even the psychologist told you you're not crazy,so it's a reinforcement. on the other, to some extent it's also rather unnecessary and humiliating.
but i think that this serves two purposes: on one hand, it's for the Rabbi to know what kind of a person you are. on the other hand, it's for yourself, so that you get someone else's objective perspective at this point so you would be prepared for challenges later in life....
anyway i think that the Rabbis through all these methods try to emphasize for you in various ways that conversion to Judaism is like no other conversion that exists, and how "serious" this is....because they think that are people out there who will convert and drop their conversion later on in life and walk away from everything....and when they come and convert, all these people appear very sincere and committed and so that's why the rabbis have to make it really hard for everyone.
but it also sucks. that's the thing. and to some extent, it's just too much that they do this....and it becomes pointless and a waste of time for some people who are really committed to doing this...the innocent ones end up paying because of those who would want to cheat the system....
i also think that ultimately, there are no conversion methods out there that will 100% prevent people from walking away from Judaism if they do end up changing their minds like 10-15 years after their conversion. people can change their minds, regardless of how hard the Rabbis will make their conversions. there's no way to prevent this with 100% certainty. and given this, i think they should make their conversion procedures less stringent so that more people will end up converting...because the way they have their system nowadays, even the sincere ones can be turned away. they are creating unnecessary suffering with the way they designed their conversion methods....
if the Rabbis would be more welcoming to converts, then perhaps that's when their success rate would increase. but the way they are doing it, it can also be that the painful memory of the conversion process can one day in the future turn away even the most sincere and committed converts....
5. I am converting through an RCA beit din and I have been told that there will be a psychological eval in the future. The way this beit din does it is that they have a test (I am assuming multiple choice but maybe some writing as well?) that was written by a third party. When the candidate takes the test, it gets sent off to the test writer, who writes up an evaluation, and sends the evaluation back to the beit din. In other words, the beit din never sees your answers.
I feel a bit mixed about this. My sponsoring rabbi is very "in" with the beit din, having converted a lot of people both as a sponsor and as a judge, and has told me stories about people's test results raising red flags (mostly people with very volatile personal history - crime, etc). I am glad that the beit din doesn't claim the psychological know-how to do this all by themselves (although my rabbi has a PhD in clinical psychology anyway), but I'm also a little weirded out that some guy that I will never meet gets to evaluate my mental stability just from my answers to a test that he invented.
1. Kohava, were you also told this? Can you write about your experience with the RCA Beis Din please? Thank you.
2. Anonymous directly above this post: The two experiences I have shared were with 2 different RCA-approval batei din. Very different experiences from both. My understanding is that the one I finished with (and loved) only requires psychological stuff when a case "requires" it.
I have never heard of the mail away test, but it seems like a somewhat better version of the written test. However, I agree with the concerns mentioned about it.
3. I know the RCA Beis Din in New York that you went through and though you may have had a "positive experience" with them, you should know that this was for your case in particular.
I know other people who had a negative experience with this Beis Din, and this Beis Din is not as great as one may think.
The Rabbis there can actually be very cruel sometimes. this is neither subjective nor an exaggeration.
6. So the baseline assumption is that only a crazy person would want to be Jewish and/or frum? That... seems like a poor stance to take if you're an Orthodox rabbi or beit din. And let's be honest, the people who are loony and trying to convert are, in all likelihood, known by their rabbi and by the community to be loony. With a few exceptions, I really don't think that requires a psych test to figure out.
Had my rabbi tried to tell me that I was mentally ill for wanting to convert or, shortly after making my acquaintance, demanded my psychiatric history, I think my reaction would have been much like Anonymous's above, and I doubt our relationship would ever have recovered. Granted, with the line of work that I'm in, it would be pretty laughable to try and insinuate that I'm nuts, but that's not really the point.
I would have some very, very detailed questions about anyone involved with my conversion requiring me to take some kind of psych eval, ranging from what they're doing to ensure my HIPAA rights are being protected to what kind of test it is, who designed it, who would be evaluating it and what their qualifications for doing so are. This seems like another tactic that's going to be used to bully conversion candidates and is really inappropriate. I'm a believer in seeking professional help if you're depressed or having other mental or emotional issues, so that's not my problem with this. My question is whether they're asking BTs to take a psych tests, or people applying to rabbinical school, or cheder teachers, et cetera. I suspect the answer is "no," which tells me all I really need to know.
7. I do think that psychological testing plano isn't a bad thing to go into. And it doesn't mean that you have a problem in the head. That's the common misconception but actually it can help you with your feelings and your thoughts.
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Finally, cool weather
Its been a long hot summer, but its finally falling into the mid 50s. It may be a relatively cold winter in the South, and that’s when critters try to get into your house. Critter Quitters keep them out of your plumbing. So if your pest control company doesn’t use them when they do a rodent exclusion ask why, or just order some from or Amazon.
Comments are closed
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ETC Source 4 Mini Leko – 19 degree (White)
The Source Four Mini is everything you expect – ease of use, superior optics, crystal-clear image projection and a bright, even field – but packaged in a tiny fixture that’s just one-third the size of a traditional Source Four. A mere nine inches long, and available in both tungsten and LED, the Source Four Mini can go anywhere: museums, retail outlets, restaurants, light labs, children’s theaters, and other small scale installations where size matters.
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Category Archives: JQuery
Get URL Query String with jQuery
To get query string value in an url, for example to get ‘user_id’ value from an url
How to check if jQuery is loaded and what version?
To check if the Jquery is loaded or not and version of the loaded Jquery, use following code snippet( found it on stackoverflow)
Get the text of selected option in JQuery
To get the text of selected option of a dropdown in Jquery,
For example following is the dropdown containing cities
to get the text of the selected option, in JQuery
Convert latitude and longitude from decimal to Deg and vice versa in Jquery
Following code snippet will convert decimal latitude and longitude into degree, min and sec
To convert a latitude and longitude in degree min sec to decimal
Set,Read & Delete Cookie in Jquery
Recently in one of my project, I happened to use Cookie in Jquery. So, I though it would helpful for future references and to others also.
To set, read and delete cookie in Jquery I found this plugin very useful, you can download this from here,
First include this plugin on your page by
To set a cookie
first parameter is the name of the cookie, which we will use further to read / delete, second parameter is the value for this cookie.
If we want a cookie to get expire after a time interval, we do this by setting time limit
Now this cookie will get expired after 5 days.
To read a cookie’s value, just pass the cookie name
To delete a cookie
Open link in new tab using jquery
To open a link in new tab, using Jquery, use and pass the url
Get current page title, url and meta description using JQuery
To get the title of current page, there is a one line of JQuery code
To read the meta description of current, use following code
To get the url of current page
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Friday, September 6, 2013
The One-Arm Bench Press - John Christy
The One-Arm Bench Press
John Christy
In my 34 years under the iron, I'll be the first to attest that there is little that is truly new. Even if something seems to be new, it was either done long ago, or we simply haven't heard of it. So, when I say that what you'll learn in this piece is new, it is as such because I've never heard or seen it recommended before (although some very strong guy training in his garage in Cleveland or Budapest has probably done it).
The exercise I'm going to describe is one of the most difficult exercises I've ever performed. And as any experienced iron-guy will attest to, when something is very difficult to do - and you do it appropriately - expect strength and muscle gains in return.
The ironic thing is that I discovered this movement, and what I'm confident will become one of the best movements you're ever hated to perform, out of necessity. What's that saying . . . something about necessity, mothers, and invention.
Several months ago I injured my right arm/shoulder getting a dumbbell into position to perform an incline DB bench press; a partial tear of the bicepital tendon. Well, I've never been one to just sit around and letting something heal while the rest of my body strength returns to my previous 118-pound high school sophomore level. So, I devised a way to continue to train my entire body without any damaging stress to my right arm; hands-free front squats with a special apparatus, one-arm pulldowns and T-bar rows, one-arm overhead presses, calf raises with a hip belt -- and the 'unsupported' one-arm dumbbell bench press -- to name a few. I say unsupported, because I couldn't use my right arm at all to stabilize myself. I couldn't hold onto the upright like this -
- couldn't hold a dumbbell in my right hand to counterbalance the weight in the left, heck, the injury was so bad I couldn't lift my right hand to brush my teeth (seriously). So, I was forced to just hold it - carefully - on my stomach while I pressed with my left arm. I just dug my feet in and flexed my core as hard as possible to stabilize myself and went at it.
This was extremely awkward at first, requiring great 'real' core strength, because I had to fight to gain and maintain stability. I had to use the strength of my entire body to counterbalance the weight I was using in my left hand; my hips, torso, and lower body were trying to twist me into a pretzel. They only way to 'keep my body straight' to avoid injury and to gain as much leverage as possible in the working arm (left), was to keep my body and especially my core flexed hard - very hard. And boy, you really need to keep your feet 'dug into' the floor.
I said this movement requires 'real' core strength because I'm talking about strength built through the use of heavy weights on basic exercises. I'm talking about 150-200 lb. strict situps, 120-160 lb. side bends, 80-100 lb. dumbbells (held at the collarbone) back extensions, and full range arched-back good mornings using over 300 lbs. - with all movements held in the contracted position for at least a full one-thousand-and-one count.
The awkwardness created by having no leverage is what makes this movement great for building the barbell bench press - especially the bottom part of the bench press. As any trainee who understands the conjugate methods popularized by Louis Simmons Westside Barbell Club - having 'no leverage' is what makes this movement extremely productive in building strength that carries over to helping the barbell bench press.
The Benefits
In order to maximize one's pressing ability the scapula must be retracted (pulled together)
and depressed (pulled downward)
and held there throughout the lift. This not only allows the trainee to maximize the strength of the pressing muscles but it also prevents injuries to the shoulder by stabilizing what is called the glenohumeral joint. This requires great strength of the upper back musculature and most importantly, it is a skill that must be practiced to be mastered while using a heavy barbell. Well, the unsupported DB bench press takes this 'practice' to a new level. The upper back musculature has to learn to flex even harder than required with a barbell in order to stabilize the weight being held in only one hand. Without maintaining retraction - to the point of cramping the traps and lats - the trainee has no chance to get the dumbbell out of the bottom position with any appreciable weight.
This movement will also teach (or should I say force) you to learn what I consider to be the ideal 45 degree angle of the upper arm (humerus) relative to the side of your torso. Some benchers keep the humerus at a much greater angle, some nearly 90 degrees - because they feel that they can use their pecs better in this position. Experience has taught me that this is not optimal because you can't retract and depress the scapula maximally with the humerus at this angle. Also, as the angle increases, tremendous unnecessary harmful forces are created on many structures in the shoulder - especially the pec tie-off. When trying to stabilize one arm you'll have to optimally retract and depress the scapula, and this will pull that arm closer (relative to a 90 degree angle) to the side.
And if you're a bencher who doesn't use the tricep to its maximum; meaning that you don't focus on flexing, or creating tension in the tricep when driving the bar out of the bottom position - this movement will teach you. As a matter of fact it will force you to learn to use your triceps.
I would suggest that you use dumbbell holders so that you can start the movement at the top position, and so that you can avoid having to put the DB on your leg and 'kick it' up into position (although this is what I did for years - until this last injury).
It really doesn't matter what you do with the non-working arm - just don't hold on to anything, including the pad on the bench. I had to rest mine on my stomach simply because it cause pain to put it anywhere else.
Before you begin the descent squeeze those shoulder blades together as if you're trying to cause a spasm in your upper back muscles. It'll feel odd at first to try to squeeze the non-working side without any weight in that hand, but stay with it. You will learn to do it.
As you lower the weight you'll not only have to keep your entire upper back tight, your pressing muscles on the working side tight, but you'll be forced to keep your entire body tight - especially all the muscles in your core, and you will definitely have to use your legs and dig your feet in like never before! Your body will try to 'twist' toward the working side as the DB reaches the lower position - DON'T LET IT - stand your ground and keep your shoulders and hips parallel with the ceiling. This takes tremendous concentration, and of course tremendous core strength. You'll find out very quickly how strong your middle is.
Now, to have a chance to get a heavy weight out of the bottom position, you'll need to keep your upper back in a near spasm. If you scapula 'pulls out' even a little - you're done - you won't make the lift. This exercise is very unforgiving; any flaws in technique or bodily tension and you will fail to make the lift.Learning to maintain maximum levels of tension in the muscles that stabilize the parts of the body that allow the prime movers to generate maximum strength is what makes this exercise so productive for building the barbell bench press. Your upper back musculature and the muscles of your midsection will think they are on vacation when you go back to pressing a barbell that has both of your hands holding it, and the weight counterbalanced perfectly between both sides of your upper body.
Place in the Schedule
Not very complicated here. Use the unsupported DB bench press as your stand-alone work for three to four months. Perform a set or two or 3 reps on the regular bench press with 80% of your one rep max once a week with the barbell as a warmup for the unsupported bench if you want to keep your groove with a bar.
If you follow any of he variations of the conjugate method, the unsupported DB bench makes a fantastic Maximal Effort (ME) movement. I would strongly suggest several weeks of using it as an auxiliary movement following your usual ME movement for several sets of 5 to 8 reps so you can develop the unique whole-body motor skills and strength necessary ot make this movement productive - and to avoid getting hurt by using too heavy a dumbbell too soon. Please take the 'getting hurt' part seriously. Take your time working up to heavy weights with this one.
Once you get the movement down and get your core strong enough, plug it right in as an ME movement. Simply work up using sets of 3 reps until you can not longer make the 3 reps and then perform singles until you arrive at or get close to your one rep max for the session. A great way to utilize this as an ME movement is to cycle it through a 4 to 6 week mesocycle using different angles of incline. For instance, I would suggest that you start with a regular flat bench. Establish your one rep max and the next week use a 30 degree incline. The following week use a 45 degree incline. The next week use a 60 degree incline. Then, over the next three weeks work your way back down, breaking your one rep maxes along the way.
Give it a try!
No comments:
Blog Archive
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Tuesday, August 05, 2008
Photo Mosaic Fun
I got this fun idea from Sooz.
The concept:
The questions:
1. What is your first name? Dolly Mama
2. What is your favorite food right now? turkey and cheese sandwich
3. What high school did you go to? FHS
4. What is your favorite color? Dark Red
5. Who is your celebrity crush? Heath Ledger (not so much a crush, just my favorite male actor of all time)
6. What is your favorite drink right now? water
7. What is your dream vacation? oceanside
8. What is your favorite dessert? something chocolate
9. What do you want to be when you grow up? peaceful and free
10. What do you love most in life? meaning and truth
11. What is one word that describes you? unique
12. What is your flickr name? I'm not tellin'
1. Stretching at Dolly Mama's, 2. Pizza Porn, 3. 07 10-06 FHS homecoming 130, 4. REDDEST ROSE, 5. In Memory of Heath Ledger, 6. Water is life!, 7. Sun Setting Over the Oceanside Pier, 8. Chocolate Chip Cookies, 9. Free your thoughts....., 10. Arghya - Varanasi, 11. Joy of life, 12. Girasoles acariciados por el viento .../ Sunflowers kissed the wind ... (Dedicada a mis 7500 visitantes/Dedicated to my 7500 visitors)
1 comment:
SiouxsieQ said...
Fun! I loved doing this!
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Sideroblastic anemia
Sideroblastic anemias are a heterogeneous group, that share the following common features: the occurrence of ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow, ineffective erythropoiesis, an elevated serum iron and mostly macrocytic erythrocytes. Sometimes, the erythrocytes are normocytic or microcytic. In the blood film, the population of erythrocytes can be dimorphous, i.e. normochromic macrocytes and hypochromic microcytes are seen. There are inherited and acquired forms. The latter are in turn subdivided into primary forms (belonging to the myelodysplastic syndromes) and secondary forms (drug-induced or chronic inflammatory diseases).
Clinical picture:
Symptoms are similar to those of anemia. Hereditary forms usually manifest themselves in the first months to years of life, while the acquired primary form typically occurs only in the elderly. Drugs that typically induce sideroblastic anemia include isoniazid, pyrazinamide and cycloserine.
The hereditary forms often demonstrate hypochromia, marked anisocytosis and poikilocytosis. In the acquired forms, microcytosis as well as macrocytosis can be observed.
Bone marrow:
Ringed sideroblasts (right image) are found in bone marrow stained with Prussian blue. These are normoblasts with hemosiderin granules arranged around the nucleus (see also sideroblasts = left image). They constitute more than 15% of the marrow normoblasts.
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Monday, September 21, 2015
About the Pope...
Pope Francis is currently in Cuba, bring Christ and the Catholic idea to that beleaguered isle. He has come under substantial attack from conservatives who believe that he should not visit Cuba, or that he should do more to denounce the Castro regime. Many of these conservatives also believe that the Pope is a leftist and that he has Communist sympathies.
I don't agree. First, I must note that I take second place to no one in my hatred of communism. Socialism in general, and communism in particular, are raw evil, and they are the scourge of modern man. Castro(s) is a totalitarian thug, and he should be tried for crimes against humanity. I'd love to give the Cuban community in Miami a few minutes alone with the guy. He's get the justice he deserves.
That said, I think that conservatives seriously misread this Pope. Francis is not a leftist. He is an orthodox Catholic, and his teaching on economics and government and the environment are mainstream Catholic teaching, straight out of the Catechism. The content of his teaching is little different from that of St. John Paul II or Pope Benedict, or from the teachings of any of the modern popes.
Francis does provide a different emphasis, which is his privilege. Each Pope stresses the things he believes need to be stressed. And what Pope Francis is stressing-- mercy, care for the poor, care for sinners, the very real problem of gluttony (in the sense of compulsive consumption), lust for wealth and possessions, and all of the enormous dangers and evils of capitalism-- are things that really need to be stressed. Goodness, look at the filth and greed and lust for possessions that is poured on us each day by advertisers and media. It makes Sodom and Gomorrah look like a convent. We are so embedded in our culture that we often fail to see our own depravity.
Francis is right about most things--Laudato Si is a beautiful encyclical. His emphasis is nearly perfect, and he really nails the evils of opulent Western society. It is the responsibility of Catholics and all people of good will to listen to him carefully. He has much to teach humanity, and nearly all of it is good.
A couple of provisos are in order. I believe that Pope is wrong about global warming-- AGW is an obvious scientific hoax, and I'm disappointed that he doesn't see it. And I believe that Francis has not sufficiently condemned socialism, which is pure evil, as opposed to capitalism, which is concupiscence, but not evil in itself. And there is no question that capitalism has been a tremendous engine of prosperity for billions of people--it is the most successful anti-poverty program mankind has ever known, without parallel.
But capitalism has dangers just like sex and food have dangers. All are inherently good, but all can be misused in very sinful ways.I think the Pope's political heritage, which seems to be not communist nor capitalist but Peronist, influences his thinking on economics and leads him to wrongly deemphasize some of the evil of socialism.
And I do caution readers to pay attention only to what Pope Francis says and does--his actual words and actions, not to what the media says about him. The media coverage is utterly mendacious, and should be ignored.
The Pope's visit to Cuba and America is a pastoral visit, not a political visit. He is coming to care for his sheep, and the Catholics in the prison that is Cuba desperately need his guidance and inspiration, which presupposes diplomacy and tact. I hope his pastoral visit to America is similarly one of inspiration and love of Christ and our neighbor, and that the politics--particularly the distortions of the politics by the liberal media and to a lesser extent by conservatives--doesn't get in the way.
1. Michael,
Leaving aside the obvious point that AGW isn't a scientific hoax (and that Pope Francis is correct regarding action needing to be taken in order to prevent dire consequences to the poor of this world from unmitigated global warming), you're muddle headed as usual with the definition of words.
Communism is the state ownership of the means of production. Capitalism is the private ownership of the means of production (which may be by individuals or groups as in companies). Communism usually is a command economy. Capitalism is usually a market economy ( although not necessarily - American governments often 'command' production such as when they insist vital areas such as defence equipment be manufactured by American firms).
The opposite of socialism is individualism. In socialist states, the citizens are organised socially as well as in the workforce. The German author Sebastian Haffner (a refugee from Hitler's Germany in the '30s) noted that National Socialism was socialism. All social groups, such as cycling clubs, were taken over by Nazis or banned, and many were organised into the Hitler Youth, BDM (the equivalent for girls) or the SA. Individualism is the opposite. Individuals outside of their working hours have the right to decide what they do with their free time.
Often communist regimes are also socialist. The state not only controls the means of production but also wants to control its citizens. And capitalist states are often also individualistic, with companies wanting the freedom to sell their products freely to individuals who also have the freedom to decide whether to buy or not.
The border between socialism and individualism isn't a sharp discontinuous one. The early Christian church was socialist (and probably still is) and was probably the reason why it succeeded as the Roman Empire was collapsing. The Christian requirement for mutual assistance to others in the community meant that its adherents survived better during times of social collapse than pagans for example. The same applied to Jews, with their thousands years history of community.
I personally am very impressed by Pope Francis. Unfettered capitalism is a very bad thing with its insistence on profits above everything else. The trouble with capitalism is that it tends to dismiss environmental costs as being irrelevant (as communist states also did). Mining companies usually set aside inadequate funds for restoration of old mining sites, leaving the cost largely to the taxpayer. Companies dump large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere, often from very old very inefficient coal fired power plants, because they don't have to pay for the AGW costs directly - it's distributed over the population of the entire world, rich and poor alike (and often disproportionately on the poor, as Pope Francis notes).
1. "...action needing to be taken in order to prevent dire consequences to the poor of this world from unmitigated global warming..."
That's hogwash! You better get some education at
CO2 Science!
2. Pepe,
You're still an idiot. Anyway, your CO2 centre is run by the Idso family, funded in part by MobilExxon. One has worked as a director for Peabody Energy (a coal miner). They don't have a science background - geography and a little agronomy.
They're not a reliable source except for idiots like you.
3. Pépé here! (That will teach me to use Mac OS X, aka, Mavericks!)
I may be an idiot, but you are forever a douchebag who, when he doesn't like the message, always shoots the messenger, aka, uses the ad hominem logical fallacy.
That simple fact says a lot about you!
"They don't have a science background..."
These days, main stream scientists, i.e. those willing to be serville lackeys of the "[PSEUDO] scientific consensus" are a dime a dozen!
So why don't you go contemplate your navel from the inside like all godless like you always do!
4. Pepe (you're not worth the effort of a few seconds to change the keyboard on my iPad to the French one with its accents),
You're still an idiot. You're gullible enough to believe the nonsensenical websites run by partisan fossil fuel boosters such 'Plant fossils of West Virginia' run by Monte Hieb, a coal mining engineer.
I prefer to be science literate, unlike you, who are science ignorant - and proud of it too.
5. "I prefer to be science literate..."
Well if this is true, it really doesn't show!
More than 31,000 US scientists reject AGW
6. Pepe,
You're still an idiot. The list of 31,000 'scientists' include a lot of non-scientists, such as engineers and medical doctors (I could get myself in the latter group if I was as moronic as you to reject AGW). And the categories are absolute bullshit. 'Atmosphere scientists' include astronomers and astrophysicists (perhaps because they all start with an 'A').
It just demonstrates that there are a lot of idiots around. And getting a degree doesn't make a person able to reject the evidence of a different field of study.
7. AGW is just the latest iteration of eugenics, Malthusianism, DDT hysteria, etc.
It's all a lie.
8. bachfiend,
Since you're such a gullible retard who would believe any stupid lie, I have a tower in Paris and a bridge in London to sell really cheap.
9. Pepe,
And you're still a fucking idiot.
10. Michael,
I hadn't noticed your 'reply'. You're quite happy to use science, or at least your version of it, in order to support your preformed opinions, such as your insistence that a 7 week gestation foetus with a thalamus experiences pain (which ignores whether a thalamus is all that's necessary for a mind and consciousness, not just reflexes), but discount science, when it conflicts with your beliefs.
You love DDT, because you think it is consistent with your belief that God gave the Earth to humans to do as they want. The science of DDT is that we don't know if we missed a bullet. The half life of DDT in the environment is about 11 years, depending on conditions. It takes about 5 half lives to reach its maximum level in the environment, if a constant amount is used each year. If we'd continued to use DDT in the amounts we'd been using in the '50s (mainly in agriculture not in malaria control), we'd only now be reaching its stable equilibrium level in the environment. We don't know what the effects would have been.
Using DDT in the spraying of internal walls is sensible. The benefits outweigh the very small risks (although the risks are unknown because there have been very few studies assessing it - the only one I'm aware of found only a decrease in sperm counts in men thus exposed).
Claiming that workers exposed to high levels show no short term harm is irrelevant. Human life depends on a functioning biosphere. Much of our agriculture is vitally dependent on insect pollination such as by bees - which work for us for free (and as a bonus, supply us with honey). We don't know what would have happened to bees (which currently aren't doing very well due to colony collapse) with a much higher DDT level in the environment.
11. bachfiend,
You're surely the epitome of a gullible retard!
12. Pepe,
Isn't it the definition of gullible to believe that websites run by coal mining engineers are a reliable source of information on AGW?
It's OK to be sceptical, if you're prepared to examine the facts. But you're so open minded to conspiracy theories (devised by people with a financial or political motive to deny AGW) that your brain (if you had one) has dropped out (apologies to Douglas Adams).
13. bachfield blurts a whopper: "devised by people with a financial or political motive to deny AGW"
How about "devised by people with a financial or political motive to sell AGW"?
Scientist leading effort to prosecute climate skeptics under RICO ‘paid himself & his wife $1.5 million from govt climate grants for part-time work’
14. Pepe,
Well, if Shukla is misusing federal funds, then he ought to be prosecuted. One 'bad egg' doesn't make AGW false. There are tens of thousands of real scientists who agree with the science of AGW. Virtually all the the science associations have position statements agreeing that AGW is happening, with the exception of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists which has a neutral position.
It's gullible though to rely on sites run by coal mining company directors or coal mining engineers.
15. bachfire: "It's gullible though..."
What's gullible is believing that humans are the source of [normal] variation in earth climate, that the universe created itself by pulling on its own bootstraps, that a blind purposeless process of evolution created earth's marvelous biota and that the godless are always right!
Now, who's gullible?
16. "... Now, who's gullible?"
The whole basis of DarLogic is Personal Credulity (*). So, it's rather to be expected that DarwinDefenders will be gullible about other things, too.
(*) they seem to worship personal credulity; or, at any rate, rational skepticism gives them hives.
17. Pepe,
Of course the Earth's climate has changed in the past when there were humans around. Such as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum 55 million years ago, when temperatures were 7 degrees higher than today, due to a large 'burp' of methane (rapidly converted to CO2) from deep oceanic deposits of methane clathrates.
CO2 is CO2, regardless of where it comes from.
Our Universe didn't create itself. It originated from a localised very short period of inflation in a larger entity, the Multiverse. If you want to believe that you God started it, then that's OK with me. I just don't think it's a necessary addition.
The Earth's biota might be 'marvellous', but I think that 3.5 billion years of blind undirected evolution will accomplish the same thing - and also explain why Creation was such a messy process with so much life being created and then caused to go extinct, such as the dinosaurs.
Anyway. The godless aren't always right, just as the religious aren't always wrong. I think a lot of what the current Pope says is absolutely correct.
18. Oops, the first sentence should have read 'when there were NOT humans around...' The godless aren't always right or infallible.
19. bachfiend,
Thank you for confirming that you are the epitome of gullibility with your last comment!
Here are some examples for fairy tales for the godless:
"...[the universe] originated from a localised very short period of inflation in a larger entity, the Multiverse..."
"...3.5 billion years of blind undirected evolution will accomplish the same thing..."
...and they lived happily ever after!
If you're not interested in by Paris tower or my London bridge, I have some very powerful [snake] oil to sell!
20. Pepe,
I'm not so gullible that I'll believe that Monte Hieb's 'Plant Fossils of West Virginia' is a credible website on AGW.
You don't understand that the Multiverse isn't the same as the Universe? Or that 3.5 billion years is a very long time?
You prefer the fairy tale that God created the trilobites, tens of thousands species of them, over hundreds of millions of years, and then allowed them to go extinct 250 million years ago? For no apparent reason?
God seems to have taken a very roundabout route to get to Humans, if that was the aim. Perhaps his aim was Neanderthals, but he missed?
21. bachfiend
"'Plant Fossils of West Virginia' is a credible website on AGW."
An AGW dogmatic scientist paying himself & his wife $1.5 million from govt climate grants for part-time work isn't credible either!
"God created the trilobites....For no apparent reason?"
Does providing oil a good enough reason?
22. Pepe,
'Plant Fossils of West Virginia' is a credible website on AGW only to idiots.
And oil doesn't come from fossil trilobites. You keep on confirming you're an idiot.
23. bachfiend,
I'd rather be an idiot than a gullible retard a**hole like you!
24. Pepe,
Anyway. Oil doesn't come from trilobites. They finally went extinct 250 million years ago. Our oil comes from decomposing microscopic marine organisms such as plankton from around 100 million years ago. A lot of the world's major oilfields lie in regions that were part of the Tethys Ocean.
Care to try again and explain why your God created the trilobites and then allowed them to go extinct?
2. Welcome back Mr Egnor. You stopped blogging for a long time. Your blog is bookmarked again.
1. Welcome Eugen! It's great to hear from you.
3. I'm sorry, Michael, but this pope is a fool, top to bottom, and he is a socialist (and he seems to be a Marxist, at least a "soft" one) ... just as almost all "intellectual" Catholics are. And while I do understand your very human impulse to put his deeds and words in the best light, you risk making yourself a fool if you go too far in doing this.
The sad fact is that there is in Catholicism a profound hatred, or at least fear, of general human freedom. This is why, for example, Catholics are always at the forefront of laying false charges against capitalism; for capitalism is just the natural result of human freedom with respect to one's labor and the fruit of one's labor.
4. Dr. Egnor: "I believe that Pope is wrong about global warming-- AGW..."
I guess we are witnessing the Galileo fiasco all over again.
Galileo was condemned by the Pope for not following the scientific consensus of the time.
Who said "history repeats itself"?
1. Pepe,
Galileo wasn't condemned to house arrest for not following the scientific consensus of the time. He was condemned for being an a**ehole and insulting the Pope by parodying him as Simplicitus.
Ptolemy's geocentric model had already been replaced by Tycho Brahe's model (as far as the Catholic Church was concerned). The copernican model didn't work very well, because planetary were thought to be circular, instead of elliptical, as in Kepler's model - which eventually won out.
2. "Who said "history repeats itself"?"
And the second time as farce ... for this time, there isn't even a scientific consensus, no matter how loudly certain liars shout that there is.
3. It was Karl Marx. Have you become a Marxist? I'm a Marxist too, but I follow Groucho not Karl. I love 'Duck Soup'...
A consensus doesn't have to be 100%. 97% will do. A consensus still exists even if there isn't agreement about every single detail.
There's a definite consensus that evolution is true, even if there's disagreement about Neanderthals being a different or the same species as modern humans.
There's a definite consensus that AGW is true, even if there's considerable disagreement about the amount of global warming that will occur with the doubling of CO2 levels from pre-industrial levels.
The contrarian Richard Lindzen agrees that AGW is occurring. He just thinks that's it's going to be minor, and benign or beneficial.
4. bachfiend,
"There's a definite consensus that AGW is true..."
What about "THE PAUSE"?
AGW Cult Attempts To Explain Away The Pause
5. Pepe,
The 'pause' was manufactured by cherry picking the data set starting with a strong El Niño year, which dumps a large amount of heat into the atmosphere causing about 1 degree of warming, and finishing with a moderate La Niña year which has an opposite effect with more heat than usual being retained in the oceans causing relative cooling of the atmosphere.
Simple really.
The ARGO buoys for measuring ocean temperature only started to be rolled out in 2004. They tend to measure the ocean as being cooler than with engine room input water temperatures. They measure a greater depth of the ocean. As more ARGO buoys are added, naturally the average temperature measured (as a progressively larger number of the cooler reading thermometers are include) will have a bias towards apparent, not true, cooling.
6. bachfiend,
I see you're a member of the AGW cult!
7. [The 'pause' was manufactured by cherry picking the data set starting with a strong El Niño year,]
All measurements entail selection of data sets. The warming of the 20th century is the consequence of selecting temperature data when we were emerging from the Little Ice Age.
The problem warmists have is that regardless of the interval measured, an explanation is required.
Your explanation about ARGO buoys is roughly the 50th different explanation offered for the failure of the AGW models. Perhaps it is right, perhaps not, but if it is true, that does not increase confidence in climate scientists, who announce "97%" consensus but are incapable of calibrating instruments for 18 years.
Either the pause is real, in which case the AGW models fail, or the pause is the consequence of scientific incompetence, in which the climate scientists can't even calibrate instruments competently.
And if the buoys are at fault, every climate science paper that used that corrupt data needs to be retracted.
8. Michael,
So what was the cause of the Little Ice Age?
I think it was Rodney Stark who noted that during the Little Ice Age there were periods in Europe in which the climate was actually quite pleasant.
Lower atmospheric temperatures do tend to go up and down over short periods. If you look at the records for the 20th century, there have been several similar periods in which temperatures have been flat or decreased, but the trend overall is still upwards.
There was no 'pause' then, just as there was no 'pause' now.
The lower atmosphere is just a minor component of the climate system. The oceans absorb most of the heat coming from the Sun (it covers 70% of the Earth's surface and has the lowest albedo absorbing 90% of incident light.
Just because we've got better technologies to measure the oceans doesn't invalidate previous measurements. They're measuring different things. I'd noted that ARGO only started to be rolled out in 2004. Where do you get your 'incapable of calibrating instruments for 18 years'?
The buoys aren't at fault or corrupt. They're a neat new technology giving new data.
9. The Pause is very well documented, not predicted, and now it is denied, by invoking scientific incompetence by inability to calibrate instruments competently.
Not science to inspire confidence.
When are all of the papers that included ARGO data going to be withdrawn from the literature?
10. Michael,
The 'pause' is documented by AGW denialists cherry-picking the data set to start with an abnormally warm year due to a strong El Niño effect and to finish with a cooler year due to a moderate La Niña effect.
To give an analogy even the simple-minded can understand. Suppose you have a coin that's rigged to give Heads 60% of tosses. And you throw it 150 times and record the result each throw. You'd expect 90 heads and 60 tails overall.
Suppose towards the end of your series, you notice a tail. And on the 16th toss thereafter you notice you have another tail. And the intervening 15 throws give the expected 9 heads and 6 tails. Giving 9 heads and 8 tails for the 17 throws, close to 50:50.
No one would claim that the coin is fair based on the sequence of 17 throws. But that's exactly what the AGW denialists are doing with their cherry picking.
It has got NOTHING to do with problems with calibrating instruments. I wonder about your science literacy when you make such a fundamental error.
11. To add to my reply, the 'pause' is in lower atmospheric temperatures. The website Pepe linked to attempted to mislead by suggesting that climate scientists are attempting to explain away the 'pause' in lower atmospheric temperatures by noting that the ARGO buoys record a lower temperature than engine water input sensors in ships in the same area. With AGW the oceans should be warming more or less continuously. But if you progressively add increasing numbers of the ARGO buoys, which are biased towards recording a lower temperature, then there will be added an apparent, not real, cooling effect to whatever is actually happening.
12. There's always an excuse for bad science. The fact is that none of the models predicted the temperatures recorded by climate scientists for the past 18 years, and now climate scientists insist that the reason their models failed utterly is that they can't calibrate instruments competently (or any or all of 50 other reasons they've been desperately coughing up for the past couple of years.)
Climate science is discredited by this fiasco. They should be defunded and investigated under RICO statutes.
13. [The contrarian Richard Lindzen agrees that AGW is occurring. He just thinks that's it's going to be minor, and benign or beneficial.]
I know Lindzen personally and I discussed this matter with him in June. He thinks that climate science is deeply corrupt, and that AGW is a lie.
He's not a "contrarian"; he's an honest highly qualified skilled climate scientist--a rare and vanishing breed.
14. [It has got NOTHING to do with problems with calibrating instruments. I wonder about your science literacy when you make such a fundamental error.]
I see. So the cooling in the data is the result of reliance on subsurface ocean temperature readings rather than surface readings.
It took the climate science profession 18 years to figure out that the ocean is cooler at depth than at surface. Suddenly, in 2015, they announce their discovery.
Why do any of these people still have jobs?
15. Michael,
I'll repeat myself once more. The 'pause' in lower ATMOSPHERIC temperatures was manufactured by AGW denialists cherry picking the data set of lower ATMOSPHERIC temperatures by retrospectively starting with an abnormally warm year due to a strong El Niño event and finishing with a cooler year due to a moderate La Niña event.
It has NOTHING to do recorded OCEAN temperatures. Ocean temperatures are important only in working out how much heat there is in the Earth system.
Pepe using this website in arguing that AGW isn't true just indicates he's science illiterate. And so are you.
Richard Lindzen does agree that AGW is happening, but as I said he argues that it's minor and isn't of concern. He thinks that there are negative feedback so, such as more clouds, reversing most of the warming due to increasing CO2.
He's also a contrarian. He denies the link between smoking and lung cancer. Would you accept his opinion in a field you perhaps understood at some time?
5. bachfiend,
Since you seem to have problems understanding why AGW is a hoax, here are videos to help you in that respect.
Let's start with something simple:
The Global Warming Hoax Explained for Dummies
A bona fide Nobel Laureate will now expose to AGW hoax to you:
Nobel Laureate Smashes the Global Warming Hoax
There's even a full length movie exploring every nook and cranny of the AGW hoax:
The Great Global Warming Swindle Full Movie
After viewing these videos you will go to bed smarter than when you woke up this morning!
1. Pepe,
I don't take advice from people who think Monte Hieb's 'Plant Fossils of West Virginia' is a good website.
2. bachfiend,
Of course you don't take advice from anyone, not even Nobel Laureates and world renowned scientists.
You'd rather stay in your blissful ignorance and think addressing the hoax of AGW will save the planet.
Here's another video describing your kind of people:
George Carlin on Global Warming
3. Pepe,
Now you're arguing from authority pronouncing on subjects they have no expertise. Ivan Giever is arguing that the Earth's temperature is remarkably stable having gone up just 0.8 degrees Celsius.
An average hides a lot of extremes. The eruption of Tambora in 1815 produced a drop in average global temperatures of around the same amount, so 'obviously' it's of no account, right?
Except that drop in temperature was the 'Year without a Summer' in 1816, with snow in June in New England, famine in Western Europe, China and North America east of the Appalachians.
Fortunately other regions were unaffected and most of the mass starvation which would have occurred was avoided by importing food.
A further 1 degree temperature increase doesn't mean that if your location would have had a temperature of 20 degrees at a certain time in 2050, it will be 21 degrees instead. It means that the frequency of heat waves will increase will increase - which if they occur in crop growing areas at critical times will mean our food supplies will be threatened.
4. I'm still waiting for the end of the world from dysgenic catastrophe, overpopulation, DDT, and global cooling.
After a while, bach, people tire of the lie.
5. Michael,
I still remain amazed at your ignorance resulting from your lack of curiosity. I'd asked you for the cause of the Little Ice Age, and you continue to refuse.
Climate science is very interesting - working out why the Earth's climate isn't stable, ranging from icebox Earth to hothouse Earth over millions of years.
Greenhouse gases are very important in making the Earth inhabitable. Without them, the Earth would be an icebox. Too much of them, as in the Cretaceous with a CO2 level of 2000 ppmv (with much of North America and Europe covered by ocean - Cretaceous refers to the thick layers of limestone deposited as in the White Cliffs of Dover), the Earth would be a hothouse.
As I'd noted previously, we don't know if we missed a bullet with DDT. It's no longer used in the liberal amounts of the '50s. With its long half life we'd only be reaching its plateau level by now. There's no point waiting for the end of the world from DDT when it's no longer being used in agricultural amounts.
And global cooling was a journalistic beat up in the '70s. Global cooling could happen though if the supervolcano under Yellowstone erupts (it's overdue). And global cooling will eventually happen with the Milankovich cycles repeating as they have for the entire length of Earth's history.
People tire of lies, but they shouldn't tire of facts. Unless they're very ignorant conservatives such as you who dislike their world views challenged by inconvenient truths.
6. [As I'd noted previously, we don't know if we missed a bullet with DDT...]
30 million people are dead from malaria unnecessarily because of the DDT ban, and you act like it's all a big yawn.
7. Michael,
I agree that DDT is a very good insecticide in controlling malaria by the spraying of internal walls. Its long half life means that it provides continuous protection that other short lived insecticides fail to do.
Used in this way, it provides enormous benefits with few if any risks (although there have been few studies confirming this - the only one I'm aware of showed just reduced sperm counts).
DDT has been banned for agricultural use. It was becoming ineffective anyway due to natural selection producing insecticide resistance in the insect pests.
You still remain ignorant owing to your lack of curiosity. You're just repeating the same tired arguments employed by second rate conservative hacks.
Pope Francis is much more intelligent than you. He's also willing to accept advice from his panel of scientists. You've got ideological blinkers on.
Once more - what caused the Little Ice Age? Everything has a cause after all. It should be easy for you - all you have to identify something that was present from around 1350 to 1850, and which no longer applies.
8. bachfiend,
Why don't you watch George Carlin video; it's less than 8 minutes and very funny, but reveals great truths nonetheless.
We're fed up with control freaks like you!
9. Pepe,
You're an idiot. George Carlin agrees with me, not with you. Look at it again, and this time turn your brain on, and don't just look at its title.
By the way, our oil doesn't come from trilobites. Your ignorance and lack of insight is even greater than Egnor's.
10. Carlin surely doesn't agree with you! He labels your kind as "fucked" to think that reducing man made CO2 emissions will have an effect on the climate.
Your insistance about trilobites and oil proves you're a couple short of a full deck since you completely missed the point about my reference to oil.
You really are a retard! Do you suffer from alzheimer?
11. Carlin made a lot of points including that there's no point in doing anything because we're going extinct anyway, and the Earth is going to survive. Everything he said was for comedic effect. It's satire. Nihilism.
Carlin is also anti-religion. Do you agree with his view on that too?
And what was your point about the extinct trilobites? They have nothing to do with oil. I asked you for God's purpose in creating them and then allowing them to go extinct.
12. bachfiend:
"...there's no point in doing anything..."
Actually Carlin said there's no point in trying to control nature, like the AGW control freaks wants us to do, at the expense of the world well being.
"...because we're going extinct anyway..."
Of course humanity won't exists for eternity as it is written in the Bible.
"...Carlin is also anti-religion..."
So am I! I'm anti-Dawinism religion and anti-AGW religion!
"...what was your point about the extinct trilobites..."
Trilobites appeared in the Cambrian era (or explosion) more than 500K years ago and most of the flora / fauna since then make our cars run.
Reading between the lines is not a talent materialists have.
13. Pepe,
What do you mean by 500K years ago? If K stands for 1000 as it usually does then it means that the Cambrian was more than 500 thousand years ago - which is true, it was around 520 million years ago, but also grossly inaccurate. It would be similar to a person stating that he owes $1 because he owes $1000. He certainly owes $1, but he's ignoring the other $999.
It's not true that most of the flora/fauna since then makes our cars run. Most have disappeared without trace, with a very small minority remaining as fossils. Our coal comes from rotting vegetation in swamps in the Carboniferous. Our oil/gas comes from sedimented plankton from around 100 million years ago, largely in the Tethys Ocean.
Sensible people worried about AGW aren't trying to control nature. They're trying to limit the damage humans are doing to their home, the Earth, damage that's caused by humans burning the finite amount of fossil fuels as quickly as possible in order to generate a profit also as quickly as possible. Hint - you can't eat money.
You're delusional in thinking that the Bible is true and that humans will be saved before we manage to degrade the Earth in such a way that survival of humans is endangered, even if Life on Earth isn't threatened.
And George Carlin is a humorist. He's not meant to be taken seriously.
14. bachfiend,
Reading problems? I wrote "more" than 500K years ago. Your comparison of $1 to $1000 is ludicrous! The oil we have comes from the biota of millennia passed. You again failed to understand what I meant.
The CO2 level is about 400 ppm (for a stickler like you it was 398.82 ppm on 2015-08-15!). Human contribution to that low level is only around 7% of 28 ppm, iow, insignificant! Furthermore, historically, CO2 level increases have always lag raises in temperature, not preceded them and this is easily explained by natural out gassing of CO2 when the temperature raises. Raises in CO2 level are also beneficial for agriculture with larger crops.
So, like Don Quixote, the AGW gang wants to fight windmills. I wouldn't mind such delusions if they weren't so costly to the world, the poor in particular!
15. Pepe,
Greenhouse gases aren't the only factor driving climate. The last 50 glaciations and interglacial periods of the past 3 million years were due to variations in the Earth's orbit and tilt (Milankovich cycles).
The transition between a glaciation and the succeeding interglacial period was initiated by partial melting of the Arctic icecap followed by outgassing of CO2 from the oceans increasing warming in a positive feedback.
But at other times increased atmospheric CO2 levels initiated the warming, as with the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum 55 million years ago. And the burning of fossil fuels now.
Humans are responsible for almost all the current increase in atmospheric CO2, which is responsible for the current warming. Humans release around 8 billion tonnes of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement, which is not balanced by anything else.
Everything else is balanced. Animal respiration balances plant photosynthesis. Ocean outgassing balances solution of CO2 in oceans. Volcanic eruptions balances tectonic plate subduction.
Fossil fuels are finite. The greater the use, the more expensive they are, particularly to the poor.
And - our oil doesn't come from trilobites!
16. Anonymous,
You have been brain washed by the AGW Gestapo. The double-talk about climate variations from millions of years ago is just an attempt to burry the debate with science gobbledygook.
Green policies makes the rich richer, aka Al Gore, and the middle-class and the poor poorer:
How green policies hurt the poor
"Climate policies take an even larger toll on people in the developing world. Almost three billion people rely on burning twigs and dung to cook and keep warm. This causes indoor air pollution, at the cost of 4.3 million lives a year, and creates the world’s biggest environmental problem. Access to cheap and plentiful electricity is one of the most effective ways out of poverty — curtailing indoor air pollution and allowing refrigeration to keep food from spoiling (and people from starving). Cheap electricity charges computers that connect the poor to the world. It powers agriculture and businesses that provide jobs and economic growth."
And - your being so easily convinced by pseudoscience, maybe you believe that oil comes barrels instead of trilobites!
17. Pepe,
I'm actually 'anonymous'. Only a science illiterate would think that because the previous (and current) interglacial warmings of the current 3 million old Ice Age were initiated by factors other than changes in greenhouse gases (actually initiated by changes in insolation due to Milankovich cycles), which led to changes in CO2 levels, would believe that it falsifies AGW.
Climate science is complex because the Earth is complex.
The poor are forced to burn poor quality biomass, such as wood and dried dung because other forms of energy are too expensive - whether fossil fuels, solar, wind, etc. Poor developing countries usually aren't sitting on large reserves of fossil fuels. They have to purchase them on world markets at market prices.
If developed countries insist on continuing to burn fossil fuels as if they're a limitless resource, then their price will continue to be unaffordable for the poor of this world. Many developing countries, such as India, are investing in solar power as a means of supplying energy to isolated communities that have no hope of being connected to ramshackle electricity grids.
Anyway. I know that our oil comes from plankton dying in oceans such as the Tethys around 100 million years ago, not from trilobites dying over 250 million years ago. My challenge to you had been to come up with an explanation for your God creating tens of thousands species of trilobites over hundreds of millions of years and then allowing them to go extinct finally for good 250 million years ago. That it wasn't just a fairy story as you claimed evolution by natural causes was, and you doubled up by claiming that trilobites were the source of our oil. They aren't.
18. bachfiend, aka Anonymous,
First, your AGW science gobbledygook doesn't impress me at all as it doesn't impress thousands of level headed scientists who signed the Global Warming Petition Project.
Second, as I said before, the only effect of green policies is to make energy less affordable, making the rich richer and the poor poorer. (ibid)
Finally, regarding your question about God and trilobites, I suggest you read Unresolved Obstacles
"The majority of species have gone extinct. But is it true that life was wasteful? The primeval forests were the basis for the oil and coal deposits that make modern civilization possible. (Try to think of human culture ever evolving very far in the absence of fossil fuels!) The extinct creatures that existed during those times were part of the eco-system that made the planet flourish. And don't you think that God, if He exists, delighted in the dinosaurs and other marvelous creatures now extinct? I think He did!"
I suggest you subscribe to Reasonable Faith to get answers to your existential questions.
19. Pepe,
You're science illiterate. Our oil didn't come from trilobites. Our coal came from the Carboniferous period, much later - from swamp vegetation. Our oil and gas came from around 100 million years ago, from marine plankton.
Your fairy story about why your God created then allowed trilobites to go extinct keeps on changing, becoming more ad hoc as it goes.
The so called scientists who signed the global warming petition were in the main not scientists. Engineers. Medical practitioners. The small group of atmosphere scientists included astronomers and astrophysicists (well, they both start with 'A').
Renewable energy is rapidly becoming affordable and practicable, competitive with fossil fuels. Countries such as India are realising that it's more feasible to use solar and wind power in remote regions rather that building conventional power stations. And as a result Australia's coal miners are currently in great financial difficulties owing to the reduced coal demand and price.
20. bachfiend,
You're right!
I really am science illiterate about the gobbledygook pseudoscience you are so fond of.
On the other hand, I find you to be completely illogical, as all atheists are.
Here's a book to help you put your brain on track:
Illogical Atheism
I even can send you the $2.50 needed to buy it!
21. Pepe,
Science isn't atheism. Don't attempt to use science to justify your ideological nonsense. You're no way near enough intelligent to be able to pull it off. You're typically clueless about science as shown by your claim that trilobites formed our present supply of oil.
Science isn't pseudoscience just because it disagrees with your worldview. And I don't need your $2.50 (actually it's $2.80 (US), which would be much more in Australian dollars with the collapse in the Australian dollar resulting from the collapse in demand for Australian coal)
22. bachfiend,
You sound too scientistic! Here are a couple of quotes about atheism:
(GK Chesterton)
"Although assholes might have existed before Darwin, Darwin made it sure they now exist" (Pépé)
6. This comment has been removed by the author.
1. I deleted my comment because of an error in posting.
See above.
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Subscribe to the podcast on iTunes (for IOS), Stitcher (for Android) or Soundcloud:
As a child, Talal Salem Al Sabiri, now a 40-year old poet from the emirate of Sharjah, used to go to the sea with his father for diving and fishing trips – precious moments that inspire him in his creative activities until today. His beginnings as a poet started with music, as an oud player with his brothers, later playing with words and rhythms.
In this episode, Talal speaks about Arabic poetry, about morning inspiration, level of consciousness, Sharjah as a culturally focused emirate, about his father, and finally how a trip to Nigeria changed the perspective.
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Historic Cities
Most units are suited to different things, but they can also be used in combination for different waves for different effects. Some are more costly in terms of time and resources than others but these units are usually the ones you should make a lot of. Below is information on each unit, their uses as well as certain training bonuses you receive from higher heroes as well as tech boosts.
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Scottish coat of arms
Royal Arms of Scotland Supplied by wikipedia
Royal Arms of Scotland
Supplied by wikipedia
The Scottish and English may be very similar in their approach to heraldry, however there are many subtle differences. Scottish heraldry has a simplicity and an openness to it that the British could learn from. For example in English heraldry you can add as many coat of arms as will fit to include all family parts. In Scottish heraldry, you can only have five parts to show on your coat of arms. So you have to get rid of what’s not important. Simplicity. In England, the blood related family members could use a variation of a coat of arms. However in Scotland, the use of a coat of arms was through the clan, who may be quite distantly related or possibly not even blood related. Such an open system when you compare it to the English system.
Scottish clans became a “family” and incorporated large areas of people who took on the clan name. So this meant that people in a town may all share the same “surname” if they have taken on the clan name, but they may not be blood related. In relation to Scottish heraldry, a single person is granted a coat of arms and is allowed to use it; this was usually the chief of a clan. However for future generations, the “original” coat of arms could be varied. This means that there is a core amount of coat of arms, with numerous variations through the generations. This system may seem complex but it actually makes the system more simple and easier to maintain the original medieval designs. In England, surnames were only used by the gentry and not by common people. This means there was less widespread use of a surname or clan name. So there are numerous coat of arms for the many surnames that eventuated.
A coat of arms has to be registered with the Court of Lord Lyon (The College of Arms is used in England). Then it is put into a register that dates back to 1672. You could go to Edinburgh to search the registry, however for most people it is easier to search through using . To view a two page document it can cost around 10 pounds. Put in a surname to search for and the results page is for free. This will tell you the full name and the date of the granting of arms for that person. Although you may be hoping for a vast amount of genealogy information, it can depend of the dates. Earlier entries don’t have a lot of information. (Don’t forget that you need to do the research to find how you are related to the person that was granted the arms.)
You know that the unicorn was chosen as the animal to represent Scotland on the royal coat of arms. I can see why that is fitting, the unicorn has strength while also having such purity and magic in it. The unicorn may be a mythical creature but it has been part of Scottish writing since the 12th Century. It was even used on coins around 1466. So I wish you good luck searching for your Scottish inheritance; you may need to have a unicorn on your side, to give you the strength to keep searching and magic to make it happen.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/58531
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Pros Interesting combination of connected home unit with fitness and health-tracking angle. Great array of accessories included. Can reassign sensors to do a new job at any time.
Cons Pricey. Requires a fair amount of adjusting and tinkering to get sensors to work as desired. Could use a better accessory for fitness tracking. Bottom Line Mother by is a kit you can use at home to monitor different aspects of your life, from how well you sleep to the number of coffee pods left in your pantry. It's an interesting device, but still clearly in its early stages, requiring a fair amount of adjusting to get it to work right.
By Jill Duffy
How much does your mother know about you? Does she know how much exercise you get, whether you took your medication, and if you slept well last night? A new connected home and health unit, called Mother by French company, could know all this about you and more. She looks like a mod Matryoshka with a glowing eyes and a Mona Lisa grin. Acting as a hub, the Mother connects to Motion Cookies (four are included), which are small sensors that can be programmed using a simple app to measure or track a whole variety of things around your home, such as how much activity you get to whether and when your kids brushed their teeth.
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Mother sends alerts, too, by email, text message, voice calls, or even just by making a noise herself, to let you and your family members know about these different activities being tracked. She's an unusual and slightly expensive companion ($299), and while it's tough to recommend buying one at the moment, especially while the online dashboard is still in beta, there's definitely something intriguing about the kit. If you're interested in having a connected home, but live in a place that's impossible to network (a rental, for instance), Mother is a very good second choice.
While Mother is fairly easy to set up and use, it does take a little tinkering to adjust all the apps and Cookies to collect data and alert you just right. But that's half the fun.
How It Works
Out of the box, Mother is easy to set up, with written instructions that include plugging the device into a power outlet and connecting it to a router via an included Ethernet cable. The Mother signals she's connected properly through her eyes, which light up, or blink if she's not connected to the Internet. Mother on coffee maker; alerts you when running out of coffee pods
Hooking up Mother with cords and cables is a piece of cake. Enabling and programming the four included Motion Cookies to track various aspects of your life takes a little more effort. Each Cookie requires a coin cell battery (also included, plus one spare battery), which are simple enough to slip into place. The Cookies are color-coded and have unique names. Mine are Brisk Cupcake, Thin Mochi, Known Loquat, and Young Damson. My Mother's name is Josefa, which is printed on the base.
If tracking only four things in your life doesn't seem like enough, you can buy additional Motion Cookies and connect up to 24 of them.
One enormous benefit: You can change a Cookie's job at any time. Say you track your activity for a month or two, and then realize you're not even paying attention to the data anymore. When fatigue sets in, you can reprogram the Cookie and make it do something else. That flexibility adds a lot of value to Mother.
The Mother and Cookies communicate over their own network. They use a proprietary radio standard developed by on the 915MHz frequency band (in North America) or 868MHz (in Europe). According to the company, Motion Cookies and Mother have a range consistent with a home Wi-Fi network. Considering that Mother is literally tethered to your router, that means Cookies should be able to communicate with Mother from any place in your house you get a Wi-Fi signal. In testing, however, I found it a little more complicated than that to make sure the Cookies and Mother were communicating, as I'll explain in the next section.
What the Cookies Can Do
As you continue setting up the system, you'll spend at least 10 minutes programming the Motion Cookies, choosing their purpose from a list that's available online. The programming all takes place inside the website, where you create an account and have a dashboard to monitor activity and make changes. The website is pretty user friendly in walking you through the remaining setup. There's also a mobile app for iOS and Android called Pocket Mother that lets you manage the sensors and alerts associated with them, too.
At present, your options for the sensors are:
door monitorsleep sensorpresence, or knowing who is homefitness tracker (pedometer)medication monitor"cartoon," which adds sound effects when an object with a Cookie attached to it movestemperature monitortoothbrush monitor"check," which tells you when an object moves (such as your nightstand drawer)battery monitor for the Motion Cookies themselves, andcoffee pod counter, which works with any pod-based machine such as Keurig and Nespresso.
While that's the full list of apps at the moment, more are in the works, including an app that lets you monitor when your houseplants need to be watered, and one that senses when you drink water and can remind you to hydrate more frequently.
View the original article here
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/58532
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Fortran Wiki
Public domain
For the sake of being absolutely clear about one’s intentions, it is preferable to choose an actual license for distributing source code. If you want to make code available for any purpose whatsoever, a simple license such as the BSD license or MIT license is sufficient. These licenses also have the benefit of specifically disclaiming any warranties and explicitly states that the code is being distributed “AS IS.” The BSD license additionally prohibits the name of the author being used without permission to promote derivative products.
Note that works by the United States government cannot be protected under copyright law and are automatically in the public domain.
Some well-known libraries in the public domain are SLATEC? and BLAS?.
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Jump to content
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Everything posted by MrSweet1991
1. MrSweet1991
525D or 530D
Hi All, Looking to purchase an LCI 525D or 530D, I will be doing mostly town driving so the 520D would probably appeal more in respects to MPG but I wouldn't mind sacrificing some MPG for that awesome torque increase! I am willing to DPF gut, swirl flap removal and map the car to squeeze some extra power and MPG but I'm interested to know how the two engines compare both with common problems and MPG town driving if possible. Cheers.
2. MrSweet1991
BMW E60 530D/525D M Sport
3. MrSweet1991
525D or 530D
To be honest I'm a simpleton when it comes to car work, the most I've done was changed the wishbones on an e36 I had so if it's a relatively complex job I have no chance haha. I will indeed give it a good research though, and maybe see if there's a better manifold available that I could source if it was to ever happen. Had a quick look and it does look like a right job, but it doesn't seem to hard to source a cast iron manifold as this person states: "By all accounts part number 11622248166 can be used to replace your cracked manifold, as found on these vehicles.E38 730dE39 525d SaloonE39 525d TouringE39 530d TouringE39 530d SaloonE46 330d TouringE46 330d SaloonE46 330xd TouringE46 330xd SaloonE53 X5 3.0d SUV" (reference to information) and a quick fleebay search and I found an e46 330d cast iron manifold for £80-£90 so not too bad
4. MrSweet1991
525D or 530D
Great to hear, do the stats have anything to do with the auto boxes? I just did a quick Google about the stats and someone mentioned "transmission oil heat exchanger" and beings as you mentioned the auto box more likely to have an issue would the manual be a better option as they are available in both engines (mind you only 17 results found for the 3.0d)
5. MrSweet1991
525D or 530D
3 Manifolds! I wonder if that's just a very unfortunate issue that's happened with your BMW? There's more time of course but I don't seem to have come across Manifold issues as of yet, could it be a particular age that suffers with Manifolds or is there something wrong that causes it?
6. MrSweet1991
525D or 530D
Hi All, Well thank you all for the replies, as noted I don't mind adding a swirl flap blank and DPF removal to avoid most of the diesel regeneration problems (assuming that's all their is) so let's assume DPF has been gutted and swirl flaps are blanked what's everyone's thoughts on the two engines then in respects to MPG, Reliability and torque as I imagine that will contribute towards the 3.0d over the 2.5d I'd imagine.
7. The USB WiFi drive may not be capable of running at your broadband speed, typically you can find older WiFi sticks (and older ethernet ports) to be limited to 100Mb/s.
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Is Weed Healthier Than Cigarettes?
Most of us are probably more inclined to answer this question in one way instead of another, but the reality isn’t as simple as you might think. Because marijuana is so strongly regulated by the government, it can be very difficult to perform the kind of research we’ve done on tobacco, alcohol, and even other substances that people are most likely to abuse or misuse. The general societal consensus, you can visit our website, these days seems to be that weed is healthier than cigarettes, but is that really the case? Here’s a closer look into the few facts we do have.
The University of California at San Francisco conducted one of the largest studies available to date, collecting and compiling information taken from about five thousand people over a period exceeding two decades. These were subjects who smoked in the U.S., so the conclusions and findings may not be relevant for other regions of the globe.
The results in tobacco users were consistent with what we already know: the more you inhale tobacco smoke, the more lung function you’re subject to lose as time goes on. Contrarily, study participants who smoked marijuana actually saw increased lung function. The authors of the study were the first to point out the differences between those who smoke either drug. Tobacco users tend to be more consistent, while marijuana users are more infrequently exposed to their drug of choice.
The authors believe that heavier use of marijuana might also be connected to the loss of lung function, but the data they currently have is inconclusive. We might not have definitive evidence for a long time, too. Because laws are only now transforming the way in which some people get their hands on marijuana, we’ll start to see more and more studies done in order to draw more precise conclusions about the effects of the drug.
It should also be noted that while we definitely know that tobacco use causes cancer, no such link has been discovered in relation to marijuana use. In fact, some research suggests that the cannabinoids present in marijuana smoke inhibitor combat certain forms of cancer. Like other studies, more research needs to be done in order to know for sure.
We do however have sufficient evidence to conclude that using either weed or cigarettes during adolescence can lead to adverse side effects later down the road. We know that short-term side effects include reduced attention span, memory and learning inhibition, and impaired decision-making ability, even though it’s important to recognize that each user reacts to the drug differently. A 2013 study conducted at the University of Barcelona found that adolescent users may be more susceptible to structural brain alterations after long-term use of the drug. Other studies show that this damage could be significantly reduced if kids wait until at least age seventeen.
Although many of these studies seem to conflict or remain inconclusive, we simply don’t know enough about the adverse effects of long-term marijuana use to say for sure that weed is healthier than cigarettes. However, it is likely that the impact of casual marijuana use is significantly smaller than it is for the casual cigarette smoker.
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Case Study - JKL International plc. International Human Resource Management
Topics: Human resource management, Management, Expatriate Pages: 22 (5013 words) Published: November 14, 2012
Case Study - JKL International plc.
International Human Resource Management
4Case Study- JKL International plc. International Human Resource Management �
4Introduction �
4Organisational Context (Case Study) �
5Part One: Expatriates Management and Cross culture management in Multinational Corporations �
5Introduction �
5Expatriates and Organisation Problems and Proposals for Changes �
5Expatriates �
Organisation 7
Conclusion 8
Part Two: 9Appraise The Decentralised Managerial Systems of JKL applied in Russian Affiliate �
9Introduction �
9Strengths and Weakness of JKL's and Zagorski's Managerial Structure �
10National Culture Differences �
10Relevant Cases �
11Forecast �
11Conclusion �
11Conclusion and Recommendations �
13Reference �
17Appendix A �
18Appendix B �
19Appendix C �
20Appendix D �
21Appendix E �
22Appendix F �
With the trend of globalisation, the number of multinational companies is constantly increasing as well as expatriates (Business Recorder, 2011). Expatriate management now is an essential issue of human resource department because it takes a large amount of budget from the corporation. It is inevitable for expatriates to face culture barriers in subsidiaries because of unique national cultures in all countries over the world.
National culture is ''cultural experiences, beliefs, learned behaviour patterns, and values shared by citizens of the same nation'' (Neale _et al_, 2006, p.26). A national culture will significantly affect any employee working in firms and furthermore, national culture will influence the management framework in a company as well accompanied with organisational culture so that cross culture management is helpful not only for the supervisors' decisions but also for employees especially for expatriates (Chen, 2006, p. 2). In the case study of JKL, it showed a range of problems in their expatriates which related national cultures and JKL will implement a British managerial system into its Russian subsidiary.
This essay will first examine the problems and issues in managing expatriates in JKL and then evaluate the proposal from Jim Flinn, the CEO of Zagorski who will apply an entire British managerial system into a Russian subsidiary.
JKL is a British pharmaceutical company which was founded in 1925 and it has expanded its business by acquiring other pharmaceutical companies in Malaysia, India, Greece and USA. Recently, JKL has made the largest acquisition of Zagorski, a pharmaceutical company in Russia.
At the headquarter of UK, JKL applies a decentralised organisational structure. All managers are required to give their own opinions to avoid some drawbacks of group decision making which is conformity pressure in groups (Robbins and Judge, 2009, p.336). Employees are allowed to propose valuable ideas to manufacture and administrative systems as well. Supervisors will award monetary incentives (one of the physical needs) as motivation to employees and managers (Carrell, Elbert and Hatfield, 2000, p.129) if their initiatives are judged as potential innovations.
On the other hand, in subsidiaries, JKL applied localised human resource practices in order to fit local cultural values and legal systems (Dowling, Festing and Engle, 2008, p.217) by keeping local managers with existing organisational and managerial systems. In past years, those subsidiaries in Malaysia, India and Greece were continually making profits to JKL and JKL also regularly sent managers and specialists to those subsidiaries for expatriation in a period of time.
After the acquisition of Zagorski, Dr. Jim Flinn will be the CEO who had spent last three years in the subsidiary of USA.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/58548
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GameGuardian APK No cost Down load Newest Model [Updated]
GameGuardian Apk is probably the great Android hacking tools that you could use to change the value of any game titles or applications. With GameGuardian (and that is generally known as Video game Guardian) you may change the benefit of just about most of the offline Android match like some on the internet video games like- Angry Birds two, Ludo Bing, etcetera. GameGuardian will not be offered as a result of its effective hacking capability, but there's nothing to bother with, We now have collected the original file with the app from the developer and included underneath to obtain GameGuardian APK hottest version without spending a dime.
GameGuardian is simply an ideal substitute to SB Sport Hacker and Game Killer Resource which also doesn’t Focus on the most recent version of Android or Android M and N. I've personally tested GameGuardian on The newest Model of Android (v7.1.1), and it labored just like a appeal. So in the case of the Android Edition you don’t require to satisfy any Exclusive necessity. But there is a thing that you must fulfill to make the GameGuardian Resource work on your Android. GameGuardian app requires root use of overwrite the game or applications price, which means you must have root obtain with your telephone to really make it operate.
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App Name Game Guardian
Calls for Android
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Complete Installs a hundred,00,00+
Final Up-to-date April thirty, 2017
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Down load the APK file from the application in the connection offered earlier mentioned.
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Read through cell phone state Enables read through only usage of phone state.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/58557
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How to determine your Windows operating system version
Most utilities at Funduc Software are available in separate 32-bit and 64-bit versions. If you are running a 64-bit operating system and if a 64-bit version is available, that version is required.
Beginning with Windows 7 the majority of computers in the US are shipping with 64-bit Windows.
If you do know which operating system you have, follow these steps:
1. Go to Start Menu -> Settings -> Control Panel
2. Click on 'System'.
3. If your computer is running Window XP, click on the General tab.
4. Examine the information you see under 'System'. If there is nothing listed indicating 'x64 edition version' or '64-bit Operating System' then you have a 32-bit Windows installation.
For further information please see Microsoft Help and Support Article ID: 827218 - How to determine whether a computer is running a 32-bit version or 64-bit version of the Windows operating system.
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Wednesday, 3 October 2018
To Parent An Autistic Child
Parenting is the hardest job.
Yup, it's true. Ask any parent.
You are responsible for a little life, for nurturing it, guiding it, teaching it, loving it, defending it, nursing it, you name it.
I have had glimpses of what it is like to raise a neurotypical child. Glimpses with friends and family members who have little angels of their own.
To parent an autistic child shares many common similarities.
But then there are many uncommon similarities - only those that can really be shared with many other autistic families.
Those moments of having to forcefully hold your autistic child so that you can cut his toenails while he screams, "no, no, help me!"
Those moments when you are so proud he is using those words in the right context even in such a traumatic situation!
Those moments when you have had to repeat back to your child, "shooting Tom", for the 700th time in an hour, or he becomes upset and bangs his head against the wall, in frustration.
Those moments when your stomach is in a knot because you hear his vocalising changing into aggressive grunts and you don't know what will happen next.
Those moments when a neighbour asks how your son is doing and expresses their worry that he isn't getting enough social interaction, making you feel like the shittiest parent and making you question yourself if you are really doing enough.
Those incredible moments when another neighbour rings your doorbell, inviting your son to sit on his motorbike as he knows your son loves it.
Those moments when he is jumping and flapping and shrieking with excitement in a store checkout line, and the person in front of you is staring at him, and I have to control myself not to snap at them, reminding myself that I am not a mind reader.
Those gut wrenching, soul destroying moments when he is crying and staring at you, mouth open, desperately trying to get the words out to explain what is wrong, only to say, "talking open".
Those heart-exploding moments when he runs up to you and says "I love you" out of the blue.
Those endorphin-drowning moments of hearing him lying in the bath, giggling and you start to giggle too. And then you both giggle, insanely, at each other.
Those blissful moments when he sits you down and shuffles through a list of movies on Netflix on the remote, with surgeon precision, to show you what he found and watched today.
Those wordless moments when he flops down onto my lap and cuddles up against me, just because.
Those melting moments when he calls me, "Mommy, open".
Those proud moments when he opens the car door, gets in and hooks the seat belt over himself, locking it in - all by himself.
All I know is, like most parents, whether of neurotypical children or autistic children, we are just trying our best.
We will fail at times and we will succeed at times.
But most importantly, we will love and learn together.
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< type="text/css"
I am beginning this article shortly after a joyous Feast of Tabernacles. On September 21-22, 2002, our family participated in the annual Sukkot celebration of the Center for Judaic-Christian Studies, which was held this year at Cornerstone Community Church in Seymour, Indiana. The festivities included two inspiring worship services, a Bible study on the meaning of the Feast given by Dwight Pryor, and workshops on topics related to Christianity's Hebraic roots.
The theme of this year's celebration was ``Highways to Zion,'' based on Psalm 84:5-7 (NASB):
``How blessed is the man whose strength is in thee, In whose heart are the highways to Zion! Passing through the valley of Baca they make it a spring; The early rain also covers it with blessings. They go from strength to strength, Every one of them appears before God in Zion.''
In an exposition of this passage, Dwight Pryor stated that God invites each of us to embark on a pilgrimage with Him. The valley of Baca, he noted, is a dry valley containing a certain tree which can survive on very little water. A person with a pilgrim's heart, he said, is one who is not deterred by the dry valleys of life. Such a person will dig deep and find springs of water, turning Baca (which in Hebrew means ``weeping'' ) into berachah (which means ``blessing''). A pilgrim, Dwight added, keeps his eyes fixed on Zion. Relating this psalm to the festivals of Israel, he observed that while the Feast of Trumpets and Day of Atonement are times of intense introspection in Jewish tradition, the Feast of Tabernacles is a season for looking beyond ourselves and praising God, the source of our strength.
A Time for Rejoicing
For me, the highlight of the celebration was the keynote message entitled ``More than a Redeemer.''1 Dwight Pryor opened the session by pointing out that God commanded Israel to rejoice at the Feast of Tabernacles (Lev. 23:39-40; Deut. 16:13-15). Rejoicing does not always come naturally to us, since there are many problems in this sinful world. Dwight mentioned that one ancient rabbi regarded the command to rejoice at the Feast as the most difficult in the Torah to obey. In order to pay special attention to this command, one modern Israeli rabbi hung a sign in his sukkah which read, ``This is a no kvetching zone.'' Dwight urged his audience to resolve not to ``kvetch''-i.e., complain-for the seven days of the Feast.
But why should we rejoice at the Feast? Deuteronomy 16:15 gives an answer: ``For the LORD your God will bless you in all your harvest and in all the work of your hands, and your joy will be complete.'' God has great things in mind for us, and celebrating the Feast can help us to grasp the full meaning of God's purpose and provision for mankind.
Dwight asserted that the Feast of Tabernacles reminds us of key stages in God's plan that are too often neglected in Christian circles. Christians are very familiar with the Passover message of redemption through the shed blood of the Lamb of God. Christians value the gift of the Holy Spirit that was poured out on Pentecost, although they less often appreciate God's gift of Torah that was revealed on an earlier Pentecost. Christians understand themes associated with the Feast of Trumpets and Day of Atonement-the fact that God is our Judge and Jesus our High Priest whose sacrifice brings reconciliation between God and man. But by viewing salvation in largely otherworldly terms, they are less likely to be aware of a part of God's nature that is revealed in the Feast of Tabernacles: God's desire to dwell within and among His people, working with them right here on this earth both now and forever.
In a fascinating discussion of Exod. 3:14, Dwight shared the insight that this aspect of God's nature may be implied in the name ``I AM,'' which identifies God as the ``is, was, and will be'' Being, the One who was, and is, and is to come (Rev. 4:8). We often think of the meaning of this name in abstract philosophical terms, associating it with the idea that God is self-existent and created all things. However, an additional meaning is suggested by the context of Exod. 3:14. God identifies Himself in Exodus 3 as a covenant-keeping God who would enter into a relationship with a people, rescue them from slavery, and accompany them to the Promised Land. So in addition to saying that God ``will be what He will be,'' the name I AM may have the connotation of ``I will be there.'' God is the One who is always there for His people, who reveals Himself through His relationships and His actions. He is transcendent but also immanent, taking up residence with us and in us.
Adjusting Our Perspective
Developing his thesis further, Dwight Pryor commented that Christians often see the Bible primarily as the story of sin and redemption. This view of salvation history could be summarized with the words ``creation, fall, redemption, consummation.'' Dwight contended that this perspective, while capturing some of the most important themes of the Bible, is still incomplete. In effect, he said, Christians often tend to skip forward in their Bibles from Genesis 3, the account of the sin of Adam and Eve, straight to Matthew 1. He pointed out four negative consequences of such an approach:
1. Ignorance of the foundational nature of the Hebrew scriptures. Christians typically use parts of the Old Testament narrative as illustrations to teach moral lessons but often fail to appreciate the important place of this narrative in God's overall purpose.
2. Theological models of supersessionism and replacement theology, which mistakenly teach that the land and people of Israel have no further role in the divine scheme of things. According to Dr. Marvin Wilson, such models view God's plan as a sort of rocket ship whose early stages serve their purpose and then drop off. The final stage, representing the church, then circles the earth waiting for the next life. Supersessionism has led to centuries of Christian antijudaism and antisemitism, creating a climate that helped make the Holocaust possible.
3. A forsaking of history and preoccupation with theology, leading to endless doctrinal disputes and an overemphasis on ``creed'' at the expense of ``deed.''
4. A faith that becomes very individualistic and otherworldly, focusing heavily on personal salvation and the afterlife.
Dwight proposed a more complete view of God's plan summarized by the sequence ``creation, covenant, consummation.'' This model has several advantages. First, it encompasses the entire Bible, with Gen. 1-11 coming under the ``creation'' heading and ``covenant'' describing Gen. 12-50 and beyond. Second, by emphasizing God's covenants with His people, it makes clear that Israel's role in the divine scheme of things is neither incidental nor accidental. Instead, as the vehicle for bringing blessing to all nations (Gen. 12:3), Israel plays an integral role in the plan of God. God is faithful to His promises and will never abandon Israel (Isa. 54:10; Rom. 11:29).
Third, by viewing redemption in the context of covenant relationships, this model reminds us that we are not just isolated ``saved individuals.'' Rather, we are redeemed in order to become part of a holy community in which God dwells and through which God is working, right here and right now.
Fourth, by viewing consummation in the context of covenant, this model shows that consummation is an ongoing process being carried out on the earth rather than an ethereal future reward. Instead of sitting and waiting for the next life to come, we can join the redeemed community in God's program of tikkun olam (``repairing the world''). The opening words of the Lord's Prayer (``Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth, as it is in heaven.'') express a disciple's desire to be part of the advancement of this program, day by day, until God's kingdom fills the earth.
The Feast of Tabernacles reminds us of all of these things and helps us to see our lives in proper perspective. A sukkah built for the Feast lasts for just a week. Similarly, our bodies are ``booths'' that only last for a certain number of years. Without God all is meaningless, as we learn from Ecclesiastes, a book traditionally read during the Feast. But when God comes to dwell in our booths, then our lives matter.
Dwight Pryor's teaching set the tone for a wonderful Feast of Tabernacles. We hope that you also experienced a joyous festival, and that you will find this issue of Grace and Knowledge to be a source of further encouragement and stimulation.
Doug Ward
1Tapes of this message are available from the Center for Judaic-Christian Studies, P.O. Box 750815, Dayton, Ohio 45475. The Center's website is http://www.jcstudies.com.
Issue 13
File translated from TEX by TTH, version 3.01.On 23 Oct 2002, 19:25.
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Tuesday, November 30, 2010
A Good Night
Tonight, was a sick night in the Payton household.
So we sat down, all four of us, on the couch and watched the Grinch.
Not the new one, but the old 1960's version Justin and I watched as kids.
And we all snuggled. Babies are great for snuggling.
It was a good night.
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Wednesday, February 18, 2009
Ischemic Heart Disease
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is typically defined as a >50% stenosis of any epi cardial coronary artery.It is most commonly due to obstruction by atheromatous plaque.
AD is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western society and caused one of every five deaths in the United States in 2002.
The morbidity associated with CAD is considerable: More than 1 million patients have a myocardial infarction (MI) annually. Many more are hospitalized for unstable angina and evaluation and treatment of stable chest pain syndromes.
About 90% of patients with CAD have prior exposure to at least one major risk factor (see Risk Factor) Blood Vessels
The manifestations of CAD include stable angina, acute coronary syndromes (ACS), congestive heart failure, sudden cardiac death, and silent ischemia.
ACS encompasses a spectrum of clinical conditions from unstable angina to ST-elevation MI.
Stable angina most often results from fixed coronary lesions that produce a mismatch of myocardial supply and demand with increasing cardiac workload.
The presence of ischemic heart disease can predispose patients to additional problems, including heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death.
Clinical Presentation
A careful history and physical examination are usually sufficient to provide information to establish an appropriate pretest probability of coronary disease.
Characteristics of angina:
Angina is usually described as a chest discomfort or heaviness that may radiate to the neck, jaw, or arm(s) and can be further defined as follows.
1.Typical angina (definite) is (a) substernal chest discomfort with a characteristic quality and duration that is (b) precipitated by stress and (c) relieved by rest or nitroglycerin (NTG).
2.Atypical angina (probable) meets two of these characteristics.
3.Noncardiac chest pain meets one or none of these characteristics.
of angina:
Grading of angina is based on the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) Classification System.
Class I: Angina occurs only with strenuous activity.
Class II: Angina occurs with moderate activity like walking more than two blocks or climbing more than one flight of stairs.
Class III: Angina occurs with mild activity like climbing a flight of stairs or walking less than two blocks.
Class IV: Angina occurs with any activity and may occur at rest.
Associated symptoms may include dyspnea, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or palpitations. The patient's complaints may also be atypical in nature, such as epigastric discomfort.
Risk Factors
Diabetes mellitus
Family history
Electrocardiogram (ECG).
Biochemical markers
Chest radiograph.
Homeopathic Treatment:
-Amyl nitrite
1. [email protected], May 05, 2010
Swami Ramdev Yoga Cure More Than 140 Diseases and Disorders
After extensive research of the beneficial effects of pranayama Yoga during last several years,on millions of people in India,Swami Ramdevji has declared on India & International TV channels that it has been proved that Yoga Pranayam (Breathing Technique Yoga) cures all diseases completely without medicine or surgery.Guru Ramdev Baba says that Pranayam Yoga is the complete Ancients Indian Therapy,which is the Medical Science in itself that cures any physical or mental medical condition completely,without any side effects.
I Hope you shall take this in positive spirits & give it a serious thought.It is surprising,but it is true that this is the cheapest and the only permanent cure to most of incurable diseases.Free Consult with Ayurvedic Doctor available in Swami Ramdev Patanjali Chikitshalya.
To Know Your City Nearest Patanjali Chikitshalya Please Visit Below Website.
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Arctic Amautik
The Amautik is the parka made and worn by Native Arctic People. These oversize, pullover parkas were traditionally made with caribou pelts and kept them warm through the icy cold winter months. Native Arctic People had a high reverence for the animals they hunted and used for sustenance, and they honored the animals by incorporating patterns and shapes into the garments that echoed their spirit and form. My amautik was constructed using a traditional Native pattern, and I hand-felted the material in hues and motifs that echo the spectacular arctic landscape.
Hand-felted wool, cotton, thread.
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underground since'89
send vinyl, tapes and zines for review to:
tobi vail P.O. Box 2572 Olympia, WA 98507 USA
email mp3's, links, photos and flyers to:
Tuesday, September 15, 2009
Ambition by Subway Sect
He said "You can take it or leave it
As far as we're concerned
Because we're not concerned with you
What you want is buried
In the present tense
Blind alleyways allay the jewels"
I am a dried up seed can't be restored
I hope no-one notices the sleep on me
I've been walking along
Down this shallow slope
Looking for nothing particularly
Am I guided or is life for free
Because nothing ever
Seems to happen to me
And I won't be tempted by vile evils
Because vile evils are vile evils
Nobody's Scared By Subway Sect
Everyone is a prostitute
Singing the song in prison
Moral standards, the wallpaper
The wall is a bad religion
Need a TV, tell me what to speak
Take my decisions
It's how to find your inner-self time
On the television
No-one knows what they're for
No-one even cares
We shout publicity hand-outs
Nobody's scared
The language we use
Is it what we want?
Does it not project the false
The subject to object journies mean
That a word loses course
We're talking in clichés
Betray yourself for money
Having is more than being now
Nobody is sorry
No-one knows what they're for
No-one even cares
We shout publicity hand-outs
Nobody's scared
Friday, September 4, 2009
Why I Liked Bikini Kill by J Church (Lance Hahn)
You think you've got a lot to say and I've got a lot to hear,
You don't hear a thing,
Your defenses are acting up,
It's some surprise to me,
You don't hear a thing
You don't care about what they're doing,
You just want to have an opinion,
Look at yourself,
You don't do nothing
Drunk on wine,
Saving time,
I remember the first time...
You're so scared of alienation,
You're so scared of segregation,
You don't hear a thing,
You write your words with a poison pen,
It's some surprise to me,
You don't hear a thing
You don't care about what they're doing,
You just want to have an opinion,
Look at yourself,
You don't do nothing
Drunk on wine,
Saving time,
I remember the first time...
a personal take on health care reform: in remembrance of lance hahn
photo by cathy bauer
Discussion about the health care debate today got me thinking about people I know who were sick and could not get the medical care they deserved.
My own memories of being sick without health insurance are with me to this day--repeated doctors bills with no savings --test after test, not knowing what was wrong. $50 visits turning to $100 visits adding up to $300, then $500, then quickly $1000+ worth of bills had accumulated. I had no credit card, no savings, no steady job other than 'touring punk rock band' and kept getting sent to internal medicine specialists who advised me to go to University of Washington for tests because they couldn't diagnose my blood condition. At that point I couldn't afford anymore treatments and my symptoms eventually went away. I paid off the debt little by little and applied for Basic Health, which is available to low income people in Washington State.
After this I promised myself that I would not put myself in this position again--where my health would be jeopardized by not having insurance. I also felt that, as a responsible adult--I was 25--I was not willing to put my parents in the position where they felt they had to worry and care for me if I got sick. As a working musician I did not have many options. I was afraid I was going to get sick again. If Basic Health had not been available, I would probably have seriously considering quitting my band at that time and going back to work at the library, which is what I was doing before the band started. This was 1994 and my band, Bikini Kill, was at the height of our touring and recording life--one of the reasons we were able to keep doing that was because our state offered a public health care option for low income people.
I had Basic Health until Bikini Kill broke up and I started working at Kill Rock Stars regularly. Now I get coverage through my work. My schedule is flexible and I am able to take time off but I have to work a certain number of hours per week in order to qualify for the insurance and in order to keep my job I have responsibilities I have to cover. This is fair, but it does mean that it's difficult for me to prioritize a full time band, which would require me to be on tour for 4-8 months out of the year. So, while I appreciate the situation I am in and feel very lucky to work somewhere that provides benefits and values worker autonomy, I still feel that this system is somewhat inadequate for me and does put limitations on what I can do music-wise. I would like to be able to enjoy the freedom of starting another full time band, but as I am not willing to go without health insurance at age 40...well we all do what we can right, and really I have already gotten to be in a touring-the-world life-changing punk band that meant everything to me. My story is not a sad one. Things have worked out. I can't complain and I actually love my job; I consider it to be meaningful work. I have been lucky--both in art and in life. I can live with the compromises I have had to make, but I still worry about what will happen in the future and I hope that my luck will continue.
But what about those without luck?
The point is, we shouldn't have to rely on luck to get us through. Many of my friends do not have health insurance and this has been a constant source of crisis for years now. Not coincidentally many of them are working class musicians. Some have needed help with drug and alcohol rehabilitation. Others were in car wrecks and had benefit shows. Several have needed to go to the emergency room and not gone. Others are in need of mental health services and medication they can't afford. Many suffer from chronic pain that they are not treated for. A few are surviving cancer patients. Others have had to compromise their art because they have medical conditions that require them to work demanding jobs that provide benefits. Others didn't make it. Many died of drug related and mental health problems. Some died because they happened to get sick without having health insurance.
One of my friends who did not make it is Lance Hahn. You can read about him here. Lance got sick and did not have health insurance so he was not able to get the treatment he needed. Lance was someone I would see if I was on tour or if he was on tour and we were pen pals off and on for the 15 or so years that we knew each other. He interviewed Bikini Kill for MRR in the summer of 1991--this was our first national interview and we hit it off. Lance was a really perceptive person and had a creative, political take on punk. He set up shows for us at the Epicenter and even met us in Hawaii when we played there, hosting a dinner for us with all his old school Hawaii punk friends he knew from growing up there.
After BK broke up we kept in touch--we were both into English punk and he was a big Huggy Bear fan, which I thought was super cool. The Frumpies and Huggy Bear ran into him on tour in Minot, ND one time where we played a totally insane show with kids jumping up and down to every single note of every single band and we stayed up all night talking and laughing and drinking beer on the porch. I always tried to go see him when he was in Olympia and then would run into him in Austin, TX after he moved there. Lance was someone who I would trade zines with, someone who I would be sure to send a demo or 7" to and he would do the same for me. Really sweet, guy with a far-reaching political analysis who liked to read books.
I remember when I started Spider and the Webs and recorded a demo thinking that I had to send him one, that there was a point to what I was doing and that the reason to start a new band was to stay in touch with people like him--to keep things going from one era to the next--to connect on that level of trading shit and sleeping on each others' floors and exchanging ideas and helping each other tour and get our work out there. I would think of him when I had the scissors and glue out, when I was dubbing cassettes and when I was checking my mail box. He was that kind of friend, the kind that made you want to keep making shit and going on tour so that you would have an excuse to hang out in a new place together.
Lance was a writer and he wrote about being sick. I didn't actually know how sick he was until I read that he died. Everything I read associates his death with the lack of good medical care he was able to receive because he didn't have health insurance. Lance could have done anything with his life--he could have had a 'real job' that gave him full benefits and yet he chose to work jobs that meant something to him and allowed him to live on his own terms and focus on his music/writing. I have a lot of respect for that. He spent his life creating the world he wanted to live in via his art, culture, music and politics. He prioritized community and worked hard to make things better. He did not deserve all the debt his medical bills incurred. He did not deserve all the worry and suffering he faced. He did not deserve to die and his friends did not deserve to lose him.
It is Lance who I am thinking of today. I don't want anyone else to die because they don't have health insurance. Not an old lady, not a little kid, not any more punk rockers. Seriously, it's just not right. We need a public health care system. We can't wait any longer. Don't we all deserve to have our basic needs met?
Here's one for Lance, I Remember You by the Ramones
Wednesday, September 2, 2009
o p i n i o n s
So...I have a lot of opinions and am open about sharing them.
For awhile I was sharing them here pretty freely. Then I pissed some people off and I took a step back to think. I spent the past few months thinking a lot and was about to start posting some writing again when a good friend of mine let me know that some younger women are still mad about me expressing opinions here that they disagree with.
You know what I have to say about that?
Disagreement is actually good.
The idea that I should refrain from saying something because it is somehow not the 'correct' feminist perspective someone thinks I should have is TOTAL BULLSHIT.
I have opinions. They probably differ from your own on occasion. This is where I write them down.
SO WHAT? I am not asking anyone to AGREE with me. I am not asking for your approval or your permission. You know that, right?
Jigsaw is part self-expression, part artist statement, part spread-the-word, part incite-a-riot, part asking questions because-I-don't-know-the-answers-to-them-yet, part whatever else I happen to be using it for at any given particular moment.
The Jigsaw Underground has ALWAYS primarily been about trying to make something happen by questioning "the way things are", asking, "do things really HAVE to be this way or can we create something different" and trying to figure out a way to do that. I try to ground my critique in an anti-capitalist framework, often bringing economics to the realm of aesthetics. This can be troubling, even to me. Sometimes I just want a pretty picture to be a pretty picture. But other times an aesthetically grotesque indy-rock band (or film, or trend or incident) incites a flury of fury in my heart and I have to go sit in my room and listen to I Hate the Rich by the DiLs until I calm down. This leads to Bad Brains, which leads to Black Flag, which leads to Black Sabbath. Pretty soon it's back to Mecca Normal, The Melvins, Throbbing Gristle, Suicide, Chrome, Flipper, the Raincoats and PUNK ROCK Patti Smith. (YEAH!) On a good day this leads to the practice space or basement or to the typewriter, transforming aesthetic hatred into art-making. On another kind of day it might just lead to a RANT such as the one you are reading now and then that eventually leads to something else--the ripple effect, a message in a bottle, fingers crossed someone finds it and it means something to them.
Doing all this is based on what it meant to me to discover the Rites of Spring record in 1985 or Quadrophenia on tape in 6th grade, or Sharon Cheslow's interview with Nation of Ulysses in Interrobang! before I had ever heard or heard of them. These things, and so many more (See Comet Gain's Ballad of a Mix Tape) prove to me that art matters. Creating beauty out of despair and finding each other is what keeps us alive. Writing Jigsaw is part of how I do that.
So yeah...another thing Jigsaw has always been about is PROCESS.
I don't just write shit when I have it all figured out. I often write shit when I am FREAKING THE FUCK OUT and trying to get a grip on WHY. I guess maybe the interactive nature of fanzines on the internet can make that a little weird sometimes, but, you know, so can ZINES that are xeroxed.
I mean, I met most of the people I am closest to through writing this zine. It led to starting every band I've been in for the past 20 years in one way or another, to every major life event I've experienced. Jigsaw is something I made to share my perspective, to give myself a voice in this world. It's how I wrote myself into existence. How I made the transformation from being an OBJECT that was acted upon into a SUBJECT with a fully realized VOICE...how I became an active participant in the world...I'm not going to shut up. There's too much at stake.
Lately sexism has been bumming me out and I've been trying to talk about that a little and been questioned a lot in a 'please prove that sexism exists kind of way' and I have found myself quoting old Bikini Kill lyrics and looking to old zines. Like "dear idiot, please refer to article 9, page 2 written by yours truly in 1991". I don't want to get stuck trying to explain that, yes, sexism does exist and women are oppressed by virtue of their gender. I don't want to have to make a logical convincing argument to a jerk I don't give two shits about.
I also have been somewhat alienated by the current state of boutique-indy rock or "D.I.Y. culture" that is consumer-driven and into surface-y type concerns. I don't want to just say I like everything that offends me. No. I want to talk about why I don't like shit and what is pissing me off. This is where I want to do that. If you don't like it, please start your own band, i.e. write your own fanzine! Or heck, just write me a letter or a comment and we can have a conversation. Is that really so scary?
A fanzine is just a TOOL. Think of it like an amp you plug your guitar into. It can get you from Point A to Point B, it gives you a platform, a means of amplification, a forum. An OPINION is something to EXPRESS, something to USE for FUEL. Like electricity for the amp.
We don't have to have it all figured out before we open our mouths, right? We are not perfect. We fumble, we fall down, we hurt each other's feelings. This is not A FINAL DRAFT. Why pretend and hide the aesthetic collisions?
I will not tow The Party Line!
On that note, lets hear some old school Olympia jams:
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The dangers of totalitarianism essay
The name Ministry of Love is a contradiction of itself. There is a voice in each one of us, wheedling us with common sense, telling us that Trump is simply another instantiation of American populism. A hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture, to smash faces in with a sledge hammer, seemed to flow through the whole group of people Whether it is possible to get rid of them I do not know, but I do believe that it is possible to struggle against them, and that this is essentially a moral effort.
Upcoming Events
Both Oceania and Nazi Germany were totalitarian societies, where the power of the state replaced the rule of law and ideology became a substitute for freedom of thought and conscience.
Most importantly, he understood something that his critics still fail to understand: Even the streets leading up to its outer barriers were roamed by gorilla-faced guards in black uniforms, armed with jointed truncheons Orwell 8.
The new technologies could be used for means of control. The naked pursuit of power contradicts the respectability that businessmen desire.
The Dangers of Totalitarianism
The second novel is a story of dictators who are in complete control of a large part of the world after the Allies lost in World War II.
That is how totalitarian nations keep, power over their citizens-- by fear of pain. These prisons and camps are not totalitarian. The rise of nearly unfettered government surveillance is one extreme example of what an omnipotent police might mean. Stalin understood that people would easily overlook lies and mass murder if it were in their interest to do so.
In what is likely the most despondent passage in his diary, Orwell wrote: More essays like this: It is intolerable that an erroneous thought should exist anywhere in the world, however secret and powerless it may be.
Totalitarianism in Nazi Germany and George Orwell’s 1984 Essay Sample
These are the same reasons why Orwell wrote Movements work to create alternate realities that offer adherents a stable and empowering place in the world. Having witnessed firsthand the horrific lengths to which totalitarian governments in Spain and Russia would go in order to sustain and increase their power, Orwell designed to sound the alarm in Western nations still unsure about how to approach the rise of communism.
Orwell saw, the whole world steadily moving toward a vast ruthless tyranny. Soon after that, they are caught by the Thought Police and never see each other again. The bourgeoisie suffered under the burden of hypocrisy.
We shall squeeze you empty and then we shall fill you with ourselves" Orwell The best way to protect ourselves is, perhaps, to turn back to our roots in local self-government.
Winston starts writing in a diary for two reasons. In order to be a Christian, you have to believe that for 98, years, our species suffered and died, most of its children dying in childbirth, most other people having a life expectancy of about 25 years, dying of their teeth.
The Nazis adopted antisemitism to justify their belief in themselves as a master race fulfilling a prophetic destiny. In the end, Winston is broken. You are a flaw in the pattern, Winston. Orwell, however, was deeply disturbed by the widespread cruelties and oppressions he observed in communist countries, and seems to have been particularly concerned by the role of technology in enabling oppressive governments to monitor and control their citizens.
What the camps provided was training and experimentation in what absolute terror and undefined terror could accomplish — the denial of reality and the breaking of the human spirit. But they know they are being hypocritical when they exaggerate or bend that truth; they can still be embarrassed and shamed.
Or will he seek to seize the state for the advantage of one party above all parties? This makes him very upset with the government of Oceania, where Big Brother, a larger than life figure, controls the people.Dangers of a Totalitarian Society Exposed in Brave New World Essay portrait of a perfect society.
The citizens of this Utopia live in a society that is free of depression and most of the social-economic problems that trouble the world today. May 04, · The dangers of totalitarianism are four: 1) Many wars to gain wealth and power.
Bevor Sie fortfahren...
2) Abuses of the people for resisting a dictatorial leader. 3) Poverty spread throughout the totalitarian state. 4) No hope of rescue or end to the totalitarian country Good luck. I was a college professor of Open.
"" was George Orwell's Warnings to Readers of Totalitarianism Summary: This essay is about how George Orwell warns readers about the dangers of totalitarianism in his novel "" In George Orwell warns the readers about the dangers of a totalitarian society. The Dangers of Totalitarianism: A dystopian novel, "" written by George Orwell, attacks the idea of totalitarian communism (a political system in which one ruling party plans and controls the collective social action of a state) by painting a terrifying picture of a world in which personal freedom is nonexistent.
Themes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The Dangers of Totalitarianism. is a political novel written with the purpose of warning readers in the West of the dangers of totalitarian government.
Totalitarianism and Censorship in 1984 and Fahrenheit 451
Having witnessed firsthand the horrific lengths to which totalitarian governments in Spain and. The Dangers of Totalitarianism: George Orwell Essay Words | 7 Pages Hiding in the shadows yet standing in full view, the signs of totalitarianism and the dangers that accompany it in are everywhere.
What George Orwell Wrote About the Dangers of Nationalism Download
The dangers of totalitarianism essay
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Robot Defense 3D TD
Robot Defense is the ultimate 3dtower defense experience. Featuring open maps, upgrades, achievements and nice graphics. We got awesome 3d Graphics where you can Fight Robots and Start a Robot War.
This is Tower Defense Robot Fighting Games with Waves for Enemies to defeat.
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Searching over 5,500,000 cases.
Buy This Entire Record For $7.95
Learn more about what you receive with purchase of this case.
Moore v. Safeco Insurance Co. of Illinois
United States District Court, W.D. Kentucky, Louisville Division
June 13, 2018
Members of the Jury, now that you have heard all of the evidence and the argument of the attorneys, I will give you instructions on the law applicable to this case and how to reach a verdict.
It is your duty as jurors to follow the law stated in the instructions and to apply it to the facts you find from the evidence.
Do not single out one instruction alone as stating the law. Rather, consider the instructions as a whole.
Do not let the wisdom of any rule of law concern you. You must apply the law in these instructions whether you agree with it or not.
It is your duty to determine the facts. In so doing, you must consider only the evidence I have admitted. The term "evidence" includes the sworn testimony of the witnesses, both live and by deposition, and the exhibits admitted in the record. It is your own interpretation and recollection of the evidence that controls. You are permitted to draw reasonable inferences, deductions, and conclusions from the testimony and exhibits that you feel are justified in the light of your own common sense. The attorneys' statements, objections, and arguments are not evidence. What the lawyers have said is not binding upon you. My legal rulings are not evidence, and my comments and questions are not evidence.
By telling you to consider the evidence, I do not mean to suggest that you must necessarily accept all of the evidence as true or accurate. You are the sole judges of the credibility or believability of each witness and the weight to be given their testimony. You may measure the credibility of any witness by considering their demeanor on the witness-stand, their frankness or lack of it, and their interest in the outcome of the case, if any. You are free to believe everything that a witness said, only part of it, or none of it at all. But you should act reasonably and carefully in making these decisions.
A witness may be discredited or impeached by contradictory evidence or by evidence that the witness said or did something, or failed to say or do something, at some other time that is inconsistent with the witness' present testimony. If you believe any witness has been impeached, and thus discredited, you may determine the weight, if any, to give such a conclusion.
There are two types of evidence: "direct evidence" and "circumstantial evidence." Direct evidence is direct proof of a fact, such as testimony by a witness about what that witness saw, heard, or did. If a witness testified that he saw it raining outside, and you believed him, that would be direct evidence that it was raining. Circumstantial evidence is proof of one or more facts from which one could find another fact. If someone walked into the courtroom wearing a raincoat covered with drops of water and carrying a wet umbrella, that would be circumstantial evidence from which you could conclude that it was raining. The law makes no distinction between the weight that you should give to either one, nor does it say that one is any better evidence than the other. It is your job to decide how much weight to give the direct and circumstantial evidence.
The rules of evidence permit a witness who by education and experience has become an expert in any art, science, or profession to state an opinion and the reasons for it. You should consider this evidence and give it such weight as you, in the application of your common sense, think it deserves. If you conclude that the reasons supporting an opinion are not sound or that other credible evidence or expert opinions outweigh the opinion of a particular expert, then you may reject that opinion in whole or in part.
The number of witnesses testifying does not necessarily determine the weight you should give testimony. The quality and credibility of the evidence is usually more important in your deliberations. Likewise, the number or length of exhibits does not determine the weight you should give to the exhibits.
Perform these duties fairly. Do not let any bias, sympathy, or prejudice that you may feel toward one side or the other influence your decision in any way.
In this case, Plaintiff must persuade you that her claim is more likely true than not.
Your verdict must represent the considered judgment of each juror. In order to return a verdict, it is necessary that each juror agree. Your verdict must be unanimous.
It is your duty as jurors to consult with one another and to deliberate with a view to reaching an agreement, if you can do so without violence to individual judgment. You must each decide the case for yourself, but only after an impartial consideration of the evidence in the case with your fellow jurors. In the course of your deliberations, do not hesitate to reexamine your own views and even change your opinion if you become convinced it is erroneous. But do not surrender your honest conviction as to the weight or effect of the evidence solely because of the opinion of your fellow jurors or for the mere purpose of returning a verdict.
During your deliberations, you must not discuss the case with anyone outside of the jury or provide anyone outside of the jury with any information about this case. You may not use any electronic device or media, such as a telephone, cell phone, smart phone, iPhone, Android, or computer; the Internet, any Internet service, or any text or instant messaging service; or any Internet chat room, blog, or website, such as Facebook, Linkedln, Instagram, YouTube, Snapchat, or Twitter, to communicate to anyone any information about this case or to conduct any research about this case until I have accepted your verdict.
Upon retiring to the jury room, you will select someone to act as your foreperson. The foreperson will preside over your deliberations and will be your spokesperson here in Court.
If you have any questions or messages, the foreperson must write them down on a piece of paper, sign them, and then give them to the Court Security Officer. Do not ever write down or tell anyone, including me, how you stand on your votes. The Court Security Officer will give any notes to me, and I will respond as soon as I can. Please understand that I may decide that it would be inappropriate for me to answer a particular question. If I do that, it is not meant ...
Buy This Entire Record For $7.95
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Why do I keep attracting the same kind of man?
Why do I keep attracting the same kind of man?
image: pixabay.com
This is a very common question among women. Most women find themselves attracting the same kind of men, that is, men with similar characters. So, what is the problem with attracting the same kind of man? Well, there is no problem at all. The problem comes in when the kind of men you are attracting are not the kind you want to attract. Attracting men with the same qualities that you don’t like over and over again can prove to be a rather stressful situation. How can you change this?
Make a self-assessment
The question may not be much about you attracting the same kind of men but rather that you are the one attracted to that kind of men. This is a highly likely situation. Dig deep into your emotions and see what makes you settle for these men in the first place. You will realize that it is more or less the same qualities. List down these qualities and try to ignore them the next time you go man-hunting.
Know the kind of man you want
Take a piece of paper or your laptop and write down the qualities of the man you would want in your life. On another page, write a list of the men you have ever been in a relationship with and identify their good and bad qualities. Compare the qualities of these men with the qualities you want in your man. You will notice that a good number of them do not possess the qualities that you want. Therefore, when you meet a man with the same characteristics with one of those men you do not want to attract, flee for your life.
Try out your luck
With all these things in mind, you can now go out and try to attract a different kind of man this time. Remember, it is all about you. Keep your act together and think straight. Don’t be driven by emotions, think first before you act.
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The Dixie Chicks
When singer Natalie Maines joined sisters Martie Erwin Maguire and Emily Erwin Robison in 1995, a new era of the Dixie Chicks began. Originally a bluegrass group, they began to focus on country music and also crossed over into other genres. Beginning in 1998 with hit songs “There’s Your Trouble” and “Wide Open Spaces,” the Dixie Chicks soon achieved commercial success.
Acrylic on canvas
12 in. x 18 in.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/58777
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Cell Phone Spy for Free in addition to Other Tips to Control Your own Child's Online Searching
Many children these days don't invest much time outdoors actively playing with other children due to the fact what they do rather is play video games and surf online, which explains why many parents opt to phone spy software from computer. While it can true the Internet is an excellent way to obtain information plus may also be a good learning tool for kids, it also provides a lot of inappropriate content. Thus, it must be used properly plus in moderation.
If if you're concerned that your kid tends to spend too much time on the Internet, there are a handful of items you can do in order to limit, monitor, and even control his access to typically the family computer. Here are usually some of them:
1. Sign a contract with your current child.
Many children take pleasure in being treated as adults, which parents can employ to their advantage. Request your child to indication an Internet contract with you to make certain that he will not waste all his time on that. The facts of the agreement may vary according to your current own beliefs, but usually speaking, it must indicate how much time your kid can be online, plus what websites he can and can't visit.
Help to make it clear to your child that he may only use the family computer when he has done studying or doing home chores during weekends. If your child is obedient, you can provide him additional minutes so that he may become motivated to abide by the particular contract.
2. Use parental controls on your home computer.
It's recommended that a person install software programs that will allow you to monitor your own child's computer usage. In case your child has his personal mobile phone, you should go for remote install cell phone spy software like Auto Forward to keep a good eye on his cell phone activities as well. There are many tools online that an individual can install on your own computer for free, which will make it less difficult so that you can monitor your child. An individual need to take benefit of these tools if you want to be able to ensure your child's security.
3. Make it a topic for family interactions.
One of the the majority of effective ways you could make your son or daughter understand the importance of being responsible inside using the Internet will be to opening talk about that. Use meal times in order to ask what your child is doing online. An individual may also tell tales about the dangers of the Internet. But be sure to state these things in a helpful manner to motivate your child to be on hand about these things. In case you are to install cell phone spy software free in your child's smartphone, you could be truthful to your child about it if you need. This may help establish trust between you and your child.
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Saturday, February 14, 2009
happy love-day
i'm really glad i have wonderful friends, i am so thankful for my adorable parents, boston is the best dog in the entire world and my roomie is so amazing.
good things. good things. i'm feeling the love.
can you see right through me? i'm trying really hard not to be my usual v-day-hater self. especially because i am so blessed. my life is a gift from God, anything else i get is gravy.
my plans for the weekend:
- spa treatment with the roomski
- mani with my mommy
- going out on the town with roomie and friends :)
maybe i'll watch schindler's list...i did get it in my netflix today...
Thursday, February 5, 2009
10 truths.
so ivy tagged me AGAIN :) and i have to list 10 truths about myself. which is ok because i have to write a facebook note listing 25, so i'll just have some overlapping information.
1. i want to have a lot of kids, probably brangelina-style. i've been thinking about that a lot lately.
2. i like singing - in the shower, in the car, in bars. i'm kind of shy about it because i don't want to be that girl who thinks she's good at singing and then everyone makes wide eyes behind her back because she's godawful. i know i'm not anything special, but i think i'm alright. i've always wished i could be a singer.
3. i am really good at impersonating people. sometimes i think i should audition for SNL.
4. i wish i was 3 inches shorter. i think short people are cute, not to mention lucky, because there are more guys that are a lot taller than them. and i like to feel small.
5. i hated reading in high school. the only book i think i read all the way through was A Tale of Two Cities (which i enjoyed) and in college, i hated reading even more (except my fashion textbooks, obviously). i felt like being rebellious because i hated being TOLD what to read. now i regret it and wish i was more of a reader.
6. i WISH i was cool enough to be a music and movie snob. i try, but i'm a poser.
7. i am embarrassed to say that i'm an only child because i'm scared that i fit the stereotype. i hate the stigma that goes along with it, i envy people who have siblings, and i HATE when i have to come out and say that i'm an only child to someone, and they go, "OOOOOOOOOH, i see."
8. it is really hard for me to just have a 'friend'. you're either one of my best friends, or you're an acquaintance. i am way too open with people and want to know everything about a person (and want them to know everything about me) to just have 'friends'. i would much rather have a few really really close friends (or small tight groups of friends) than have a ton of 'peeps'.
9. i think making out is super fun.
10. i don't take super good care of my teeth. sure, i brush them before i go to bed, but i'm not a regular flosser and sometimes i just gargle mouthwash or pop in some whitening gum in the mornings to fake it. scratch that, practically every morning. probably shouldn't have said that after disclosing #9. dumbass.
Monday, February 2, 2009
freaking february
january was a flash. can we just skip right over to march? i am so not in the mood for february this year. this is the month when people get a little nuts and i don't like it one bit. never have.
sorry that was so short. i literally have nothing to report (as you can see from the previous post). maybe i'll get more interesting in the next few days....
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Quick access, personalized services
Marine embryoTox
Project description:
A new direction in the team led us to establish the ascidian embryo as a molecular toxicological model to study the neurodevelopmental toxicity of endocrine disruptors and to develop toxicological assays detecting carcinogenics and endocrine disruptors (Dumollard et al., 2017). This project takes advantage of the relative simplicity of the ascidian system, and is aimed at exploiting the molecular resources and techniques in use over the last 15 years in the laboratory (genome, transcriptome, Full ORF cDNA bank for 2 ascidian species (Phallusia mammillata and Ciona intestinalis), proteome, transgenesis, gene knock down, in toto imaging of development) in order to devise a battery of molecular toxicological tests. This latter project will hopefully result in applying transgenic ascidian embryos to high content and high-throughput imaged based screens. In this project we use a remarkable feature of ascidian tadpole larvae which bear a central nervous system composed of only 350 cells, 100 of which are neurons. Such simplicity and rapid deployment of neural GRNs and simple neuronal networks which form a functioning vertebrate like brain in less than 24 hours can be exploited for screening molecules to identify those that have a specific neurodevelopmental impact.
Figure 1: graph abstract toxico
Since 2015, the toxicology project has diversified by adding 2 other model systems (mussel and sea urchin embryos) and by studying different toxic compounds. Such extension of the scope of our studies is supported by internal collaborations with the oceanographer from the LOV (UMR7093) and by external collaborations:
-with Jean Pierre Gattuso and Lydia Kapsenberg (LOV, OOV) for a study of the impact of ocean acidification on embryonic development (1 shared M2 master student)
-with Christophe Migon and Thierry Blasco (LOV, OOV) for a study on the dissemination of BPA and of black carbon in the marine environment and their metabolisation by ascidian adults. (2 shared M2 master students)
-with Eva Ternon and Olivier Thomas (Univ. of Ireland) for a study on the toxicity of defense chemicals of xestosponges (Ternon et al 2016)
Protocols for Ascidian and other species :
Cultures and treatments
Ascidian phallusia mammillata
Paracentrotus lividus
Mytilus galloprovincialis
Image acquisition and analysis (In progress)
Publications :
- Dumollard R, Gazo I, Gomes IDL, Besnardeau L, McDougall A. (2017) Ascidians: An Emerging Marine Model for Drug Discovery and Screening. Curr Top Med Chem.;17(18):2056-2066. (View or download pdf)
- Ternon E, Zarate L, Chenesseau S, Croué J, Dumollard R, Suzuki MT, Thomas OP. (2016) Spherulization as a process for the exudation of chemical cues by the encrusting sponge C. crambe. Sci Rep. Jul 6;6:29474. doi: 10.1038/srep29474. (View or download pdf)
OMERO, Imaging data base :
Traductions :
Also in the section
Alex McDougall
Rémi Dumollard
Ievgeniia Gazo
Isa Gomes
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Financial Sector Study
In 2003, KfW commissioned LFS and three independent experts to prepare a strategy for the Senegalese-German Development Cooperation. The objective was to identify main areas for future intervention, with the aim of alleviating the unemployment of urban youths. For this purpose, LFS conducted an in-depth analysis of the financial sector in Senegal. The results were used to identify a strategy for future Senegalese German development co-operation.
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Dec 5, 2013
Reading Moods
I've always been terrible at deciding what to read next. I've gone through various systems: random number generators for #TheList, closing my eyes and pointing at my bookshelf, reading in age group patterns (children's, YA, adult), or just letting the library gods control my fate by reading whatever holds come in first. But regardless of the system, I always try to read something I'm in the mood for. If I'm craving a history lesson, I reach for historical fiction or, you know, actual nonfiction. If I want to laugh, I'm more likely to read The Earth, My Butt, and Other Round Things than I am The Book Thief. And so on, and so forth.
Recently, a student has been placing holds left and right (using my system, apparently) and reading whatever came in first. Recently, three came in at once (Divergent, The Outsiders, and The Maze Runner) and she looked like she was about to have a panic attack.
Me: What's wrong?!
Student: (in literally the saddest voice possible) I don't know which one to read first.
M: Well, which one were you looking forward to the most?
S: I don't know.
M: Okay, let's try this. What kind of book are you in the mood to read?
S: Something happy.
M: Yikes. None of those are particularly happy books.
S: They aren't?
M: Wait, tell me what you know about these books.
S: I don't know anything. Someone told me they were good.
Our conversation continued with me giving a quick book talk for the three books and she realized that they were not the books she was looking for.
She still thought they sounded interesting but having just read back to back sad/depressing books, she wanted the polar opposite. We talked some more and I found out that she liked Lois Lowry as an author, but had only ever read her serious books. So I pulled out Anastasia Krupnik, and told her to give it a try. She came back after the weekend and told me she LOVED it. Now she's ready to work on Divergent because her palate has been cleansed. You just have to go with what you're in the mood for to really enjoy a book.
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New Beauty Shopping Site Caters to Women of Color
Source: Marjani Beauty
There is a new e-commerce beauty site selling products specifically made for women of color.
Marjani Beauty is the dreamchild of founder and CEO Kimberly Smith, who revealed on the website, “This company was born from the desire of our founders to create a space and platform where the collective diversity of women of color is celebrated.”
Smith went on to say of her business, “As women of color, we are constantly breaking the mirrored vanity when it comes to the ‘ideal standards’ of beauty. All the while, mass market brands fail to keep up, or even attempt to fulfill our diverse needs.”
“We want to empower women of color to accept and embrace their diversity, redefine traditional standards of beauty and connect women of color across the world creating a global network.”
|| Good skin starts with good skincare || UK based #ChristalCosmetics is a Botanical line of skin care targeted for the special needs of Black skin founded by UK make-up artist Crystal Kassi. Although basic skin-care needs are the same for everyone, there are some issues that darker skin tones are more likely to experience. For example, it may be more prone to skin issues like keloidal (raised) scarring, pronounced hyperpigmentation, sensitivity and ingrown hairs. Christal Cosmetics was created to address those issues and provide more comprehensive skincare for black skin. Marjani Beauty is the only US retailer of this brand. Check out the products we have in our collection: Sebum Balancer Facial Wash, Cleansing Milk, Clarifying Toning Lotion, Sebum Balancer Moisturiser, Purifying Clay Mask and Brightening Refining Scrub. Shop Christal Cosmetics #Linkinbio. #ShopMarjaniBeauty #forusbyus
A post shared by Marjani Beauty (@marjanibeautyco) on
Smith, an Ivy League trained attorney traveled the world looking for wonderful products made for women of color. Marjani Beauty will carry everything from makeup, to skincare and haircare products.
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Erratum (2) in xhtml-modularization-20000105?
From: Hugh Greene <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2000 17:32:07 +0100
Message-Id: <>
To: [email protected]
Hi there,
I've found another apparent erratum in WD-xhtml-modularization-20000105
(still present in the 20000705 members' draft of the PR). The Module
Implementation for the Object module describes the "object" element as
having a "name" attribute (as in HTML 4.01 and therefore XHTML 1.0) but the
table for the corresponding Abstract Module omits that attribute.
I haven't checked to see if this happens for any other element-attribute
Thanks and/or hope this helps :-)
Hugh Greene
Panasonic OWL
Received on Tuesday, 29 August 2000 12:34:14 UTC
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· Sunday School 9:30 AM
· Sunday Worship 10:45 AM
2813 Gooding Rd, Marion, OH 43302
(740) 382-6270
Sermons on Journey
Passing By
A New Chapter
Psalm 25:1 In You, Lord my God, I put my trust. Ephesians 3:14-21 A Prayer for the Ephesians 14 For this reason I kneel before the Father, 15 from whom every family in heaven and on earth derives its name. 16 I pray that out of his glorious riches he may strengthen you with power through his […]
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/58862
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Quantum Computation
Quantum computation has been rapidly developed in the last years. In a few years it will have become a revolutionary technology, and no one today can estimate the affects and changes quantum computers will have on mankind, be it with respect to economical, scientific, or philosophical aspects. Here we try to give a short overview and introduction to this wide subject.
Under the following link you can find the free program jQuantum which simulates a quantum computer. Intuitively, you can compose quantum circuits and let run small quantum programs. jQuantum is a registered open source project at SourceForge.net.
© de Vries 2004 – 2012 federstrich
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Tag Archives: addiction
Get Rich or Die Tweeting!!
It’s been a long while since I last wrote a blog post and that’s precisely the reason why I am here. Suddenly realized that I(too) have a blog which despite me hating it, has been neglected for a long while. While making a comeback, what’s easier than a rant :D.
I’ve been using twitter for a fairly long time now, almost from the month(or so) it was launched. Despite being using it for that long a period and having my twitter stream open most of the day I’ve never tweeted a lot, and by ‘a lot’ i mean excess of a dozen fairly distributed tweets a day. Different people have different definitions and clearly for some 10-12 tweets isn’t much. At times I wonder about people who tweet a lot(say 25-35 times a day or more) and mostly end up judging them(not the best thing to do but). What are they like in professional life, in real life(assuming they have one)?
I see lots of wannabe entrepreneurs using twitter heavily to network, RT others tweets, sharing links etc or asking for things which Google could answer better and faster. Then there’s a bunch of what I call “Micro Celebs”, the celebrities of the world of 140 characters whose only claim to fame is there number of followers on twitter or how many achievers or real life celebrities follow them back there. What’s amazing is that these people continue to Tweet/RT the same old things, they used to when they started an year or two back. But luckily what works for them is the fact like search traffic on the internet, there’s always enough audience for them on Twitter, which probably explains why the ones who tweet a lot tend to have more followers.
Most people in my TL who tweet a lot work for some or other company and start tweeting almost the minute they reach their office and continue till the time they head back home. I wonder if they tweet this much and this frequently, how do they get any work done at all. But then,as I’ve seen and experienced myself, you don’t need to get a lot of work done in a big MNC to survive.
Anyways I feel some people(ambitious ones at least) should spend a little less time tweeting about what they are eating/drinking/feeling and instead think how addicted they have become and the things they can get done in that time..
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Authorization About the site Write us a letter
Rules of hair cutting, signs
Rules of hair cutting, signs
Our ancestors respected the hair, it was believed that the hair act as a link between man and the universe, accumulate the life force and experience of man. Therefore, in ancient times, hair was cut only in extreme cases, because the haircut was equated with loss of energy and experience, loss of communication with higher forces. Let's find out what they say about when you can not cut the hair of the signs of our ancestors.
Ancient legend
Once upon a time there was a halo around the man's head. This is what is seen on the icons around the head of the saints. But there was no hair. The head was covered with something like a fluff. Type of what is on the head of a newborn baby. When a man fell into sin, the rays of cosmic energy around his head became heavy and turned into hair. And this is the link between man and heaven.
There is a sign: cut your hair - change your life. To get the result of haircuts led to positive changes in your life, use the following tips.
Rules for successful hair cutting
Rule one
You can not trust your hair to anyone. The person who cuts you, changes your biofield. Having come to the hairdresser, choose not only fashionable hairstyles, but also an energetic and cheerful master, then your life after the haircut will change for the better.
The older the hairdresser, the stronger his influence on your life. If you are an independent person, you are used to solving your problems yourself and do not like them, when something prevents you from doing them, choose a master or one of your age, or younger than you.
When you are chronically unsuccessful for some strange reason, it makes sense to choose a very old and well-known master, even a haircut, which will cost you dearly. But after visiting the hairdresser's, your life will change dramatically. And if you still correctly calculate the time of visit, it will not just change, but will improve dramatically.
Rule two
We do not want to cut our hair ourselves. This is a "superstition", although it is very difficult for a person to cure himself. No matter how strong and strong-willed a person is, it is very difficult for him to correct the deformations of his own biofield, as he rewrites them with such deformed energy.
Rule Three
It is believed that it is better if you are sheared or, for example, makes a man in the cabin of hair masks a man of your sex. During the haircuts, you change the etheric, astral and mental biofields, and as a result, we easily succumb to someone else's influence.
Therefore, if you liked the master of a different sex with you, this can lead to trouble in your personal life. In the biblical legends of Samson, a woman who cut off his hair killed him.
Rule Four
If you want hair to grow faster after a haircut, you need to make your hair with a full moon.
If you want your hair to change its properties a little - for example, you do not like that they are confused, disobedient - you should go to the hairdresser on the waning moon. But after such a haircut, the hair will grow very long. On the waning moon it's also good to cut your hair if you want to stop hair loss, strengthen the hair roots.
Council of ancient Slavic Magi. If you catch a cold - slightly trim your hair, so that the negative energy of the disease goes off with the cut ends and the body can be easier to clean.
Rule Five
Hair can not be cut on certain lunar days (9, 15, 23 and 29 days of the lunar calendar), as well as in the days of the solar and lunar eclipse. After such procedures you can get sick or, as they said in old days, "memory and mind to cut off".
Rule Six
Before registering with a hairdresser, determine how you want to change your life:
Haircut on Monday
Day, favorable. At this time, you can remove a lot of negative emotions and unresolved problems that have accumulated in life. The day is favorable for coloring the hair.
Haircut on Tuesday
It is better to go to the hairdresser's, if you lack physical strength or will to solve some important problem, if you lack activity or tortured the monotony of life.
Haircut on Wednesday
It's good to get a haircut to learn something new or interesting, meet new friends or draw in old ones, increase the number of trips, travel and communication in life.
Haircut on Thursday
Promotes changes in relationships with others, contributes to the popularity of man, increasing his luck and well-being.
Haircut on Friday - the day of female beauty.
When you visit a hairdresser on this day of the week, you change not just your hair, you change your appearance. Therefore, if you are comfortable, how you look on this day of the week is better not to get a haircut.
Haircut on Saturday
It's a good day for a haircut. Hair on this day are healed. A part of the karmic debts and sins of your kind are removed.
Haircut on Sunday
It is better to not cut hair - you can kill your own destiny or good luck. This day is good only for chronic losers - maybe, fate will have mercy and after this procedure will change for the better.
Interesting articles:
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Lunar calendar for december
and control your destiny! go →
Phases of the Moon for december
Natal birth chart online
With its help you can learn about everyone's karma, and also
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