Split (1)

train · ~54.5M rows (showing the first 1.2M)

id stringlengths 50 55	text stringlengths 54 694k
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60138	Stoner Dictionary \| Elevated Elevated: adjective 1. a slightly psychedelic level of highness on marijuana Example: “Nick was so elevated off that hash last night.” You’ve been high a multitude of times, around many people in many settings. Still there are those specific instances you know you’ll never forget. These are the times you were truly fucked. The name comes from the concept that your level of high has been taken beyond your “normal” high level. Vivid scenery, closing your eyes and seeing swirling colors, losing all concepts of time, all these are common characteristics of an elevated state of high. To achieve this potent high many smokers like to switch it up. Use some hash, maybe take a THC pill before smoking that joint, whatever your style. When you’re elevated, you’re happy, and content to be on the very top floor of the stoned building. Leave a Reply
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60158	Asher Guitars WD Music Products Amplified Parts Mod Kits DIY Nordstarnd Pickups Asher Guitars WD Music Products Amplified Parts Mod Kits DIY Nordstarnd Pickups Asher Guitars WD Music Products Amplified Parts Mod Kits DIY Nordstarnd Pickups What do you think of the CAGED chords? Discussion in 'Tab, Tips, Theory and Technique' started by ASATKat, Dec 5, 2018. What do you think of the CAGED chords? This poll will close on Oct 1, 2019 at 5:47 PM. 1. Yes I use them? 52 vote(s) 2. No I do not use them? 9 vote(s) 3. What are you talking about? 22 vote(s) 1. MilwMark MilwMark Poster Extraordinaire Ad Free Member Apr 29, 2013 near Arnold's I'm really confused. You can't "not" use it. AS @klasaine and others note, it just "is". ASATKat, 41144 and E5RSY like this. 2. tfarny tfarny Tele-Afflicted Sep 4, 2008 Hudson Valley, NY I also think the question doesn't make sense. CAGED is a teaching tool, a way to help people learn the fretboard, specifically the relationships between scales and movable chord shapes. I find / found it to be a great learning tool, but there is no such thing as a CAGED chord, unless you just mean movable chord shapes in general. In which case, ah, yes I use them... moosie and maxvintage like this. 3. BryMelvin BryMelvin Tele-Afflicted Jan 4, 2014 Arivaca AZ I've been playing music for 61 years, but not sure what caged chords means. It's probably a different name for something. Kind of like the fact that my grand kids have math terms that I don't know despite having an engineering degree! awasson, Rustbucket and Jim622 like this. 4. ndcaster ndcaster Poster Extraordinaire Silver Supporter Nov 14, 2013 do CAGED based instructional materials do adequate justice to how the guitar’s octaves are laid out? klasaine likes this. 5. BigDaddyLH BigDaddyLH Telefied Ad Free Member CAGED is to the fretboard what PEDMAS is to a chalkboard :D Last edited: Dec 5, 2018 Blue Bill likes this. 6. rocking rooster rocking rooster Tele-Meister Oct 13, 2011 Somerset UK I got my first guitar in 1965 (I think) and have been playing ever since. I had never heard the term CAGED until a few months back and I still have no clue what it's all about. I think I'll pass. DonM likes this. 7. Blue Bill Blue Bill Poster Extraordinaire Ad Free Member Feb 15, 2014 This topic comes up every now and then. It's a memory device, as BDLH noted, like Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally for math operations, or All Cows Eat Grass, etc. There's not much to think of CAGED chords, they're not somehow different. It's a handy way to remember the order the chord shapes appear, going up the neck. 8. bftfender bftfender Friend of Leo's Dec 21, 2017 York PA i like that word..extrapolate.. going to use in my next dispatch to my tech on call, hope he doesn't hurt someone dkmw and klasaine like this. 9. RLee77 RLee77 Friend of Leo's May 15, 2016 Silicon Valley And here I thought "extrapolate" was a fancy way of saying you removed the strap from your guitar... awasson, Fiesta Red, moosie and 4 others like this. 10. ndcaster ndcaster Poster Extraordinaire Silver Supporter Nov 14, 2013 CAGED is just extending cowboy chord shapes up the fretboard it’s just an initial step, because it tells you nothing but to think in terms of shapes, not notes, or where those notes are (or are repeated!) in the guitar’s usable octaves I get more mileage out teaching my kid triad inversions in three-string groups moosie, maxvintage and matrix like this. 11. bftfender bftfender Friend of Leo's Dec 21, 2017 York PA official term for removing a guitar strap klasaine and RLee77 like this. 12. matrix matrix Tele-Meister Apr 13, 2016 Vancouver, BC Triads in three-string groups is much more useful than CAGED, in my humble opinion. It is connected to a very musical underlying logic that makes sense on the guitar or on the piano (ie, here is a root position G triad, here is the first inversion, second inversion). Then you get to the minors by flattening the third, or the relative minor by moving your 5th up to the sixth (also functions as your major 6 chord...). The relationships are endless, and before you know it you have multiple scales that you can fit over major or minor chords (and modify on the fly), making "playing the changes" much easier. CAGED can function for sure, and is another path to the same knowledge, but it always seems like tying yourself in knots to apply the grips that people happen to use first. Better off to just bite the bullet and learn triads. Marc Morfei, moosie, jsp737 and 5 others like this. 13. klasaine klasaine Poster Extraordinaire Nov 28, 2006 NELA, Ca Yes and in fact the CAGED system is just a way to see the octave pairs on all strings ... which is also really the most musically usable thing about "caged". dkmw, MilwMark and Blue Bill like this. 14. stormin1155 stormin1155 Tele-Meister Sep 26, 2010 I play in our church band, and we do songs in all sorts of odd keys. I hate using capos, so rely quite heavily on the caged system. Also, chords in different positions have different voicings, which adds variety. Sounds Good likes this. 15. fmmlp fmmlp TDPRI Member Jul 19, 2017 Buenos Aires Can you point to some material on this, please? Thank you matrix and MilwMark like this. 16. MilwMark MilwMark Poster Extraordinaire Ad Free Member Apr 29, 2013 near Arnold's I never really understood guitar until I found one teacher who showed me the triad inversions all over the neck, the octave pairs on all strings, and in connection with that memorizing all the notes on the fretboard. I’m not much for theory but the practical application of three - what are they - tools? viewpoints? structures? - has been immense. Went very quickly from barely able to play cowboy chords to playing, singing and being the “spice/lead guitar in three bands and haven’t looked back. I do think CAGED (to the extent I understand it) is less musically applicable and useful as 5-6 note voicinga get cluttery in a band, unless used judiciously and for particular effect, IMO. Last edited: Dec 5, 2018 klasaine and ndcaster like this. 17. ndcaster ndcaster Poster Extraordinaire Silver Supporter Nov 14, 2013 the colors below indicate the notes of C major in the fretboard's 5 octaves fretboard-octaves-C-ranges-blank.jpg the circles above indicate locations of the note C, in those different octaves notice how you can play the same C in different locations, sometimes in as many as five positions why is that useful? because some positions give your hand greater access to upper and lower octaves than others, making phrases that span multiple octaves easier to play. plus, if you listen closely, the sound of those different C's is different -- some are more muted, less zingy, than others here are all the triad inversions of C major on strings 4, 3, 2 fretboard-C-triads-345.jpg from left to right, notice how there are only three basic shapes notice how the first triad (far left) is repeated further along up the fretboard (find it) that second repetition is located one octave above the first 18. JL_LI JL_LI Tele-Afflicted May 20, 2017 Long Island, NY I'm just thinking out loud here. I never heard of CAGED chords until I joined this forum. When I started playing country, especially playing finger style, I found that transitions, solos, and improvisations were all worked off of the shapes of the chords in the songs. That meant I had to learn the chord shapes up and down the neck and how they move between strings. Knowing where the scale notes are in relation to the chords and where notes like the minor 3rd, flat 7th, and flat 5th are located and when they fit and when they don't is essential. I'm using a single guitar, usually electric, to accompany myself on vocals. Making a song sound good requires chords, transitions, solos off chords and a simple bass line played seamlessly together. Even a well constructed single note solo in the middle of a song sounds empty and awful. Cowboy chords like I played when playing folk music in the 60's just isn't enough. I'm probably using at least parts of the CAGED system in what I play but I have trouble reconciling how I play with what I read about CAGED chords. I'm also not sure that it's important to put a name on what I'm doing, even if it is CAGED. EDIT: ndcaster's diagram just above this post is immensely helpful. It looks somewhat simpler than what I'm using because I use three and four note forms on any fret all the way across the neck as needed. I also use a capo at times. I've had to learn that an F chord played with the capo behind the third fret is an F chord, not a D. It was difficult to train my brain to recognize that, but my soloing is much better when I ignore that a capo is there except to recognize what open string notes are available. This is cool stuff and much more useful than a discussion of which pickups are best. Last edited: Dec 5, 2018 19. brbadg brbadg Tele-Afflicted Mar 11, 2008 Oh boy...:( RyCo1983 likes this. 20. ASATKat ASATKat Tele-Meister Nov 16, 2018 next to the burn zone CAGED chords is a thing, let's be clear on at least that much.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60175	Wednesday, December 3, 2008 Where is God? A chart showing the relationship between weak/...Image via WikipediaThis is one of those things that has popped up over and over again in the last couple of weeks in different places I frequent. Where is God? Who is God? What is God? Is there a God? Is God male or female? Is God out there or in here? My image of God has changed so much over the years that the God I envision today (or don't envision to put it more accurately) is absolutely nothing like the Zeus-like old man sitting on a throne of my youth. I guess the most fundamental question to answer would be "Is there (a) God?" If the answer is no, the rest of the questions become moot. No need to figure out any qualities or locations of a non-existent being (or force or spirit). The atheist supposedly says there is no God. But, maybe what he really means is there is no God as some theologians have tried to describe Him. Jews sometimes talk about the fact that you cannot really positively describe God as in saying what God is, you can only identify what God is not. There is a great little book that is now public domain and a free download called "Your God Is Too Small". What I have found is most atheists have not rejected the God that I have come to believe in. They have rejected a Sunday School image of God. They have come to the conclusion that God the Cop does not exist, or God the Old Man, or God as our Father (a projection of our earthly father). Many Christians have such a grossly underdeveloped idea of who or what God is that people from outside our faith community simply have to reject it based on common sense. While all of these models of God have had or continue to have some merit. To attempt to describe the Indescribable in such childish terms and present them as a complete picture drives people not to belief in such a god but to disbelief. Christians, inadvertently, create atheists with our absurd declarations about what God is . I no longer think of God as an old man with a flowing beard. I rarely think of God as corporeal at all. And, when I do, I try not to. I no longer picture that when I get to Heaven I will see God. I believe I could see Jesus. I believe I could see Buddha or Ghandi or MLK. I don't know if I'd say anymore that I believe in a God. I do believe in God. I think of G-d as more of Force or Spirit or Intelligence or Life than as a separate entity or Being. I see God as flowing through and interconnecting everything and as Being everything more than I see God as sitting outside of His creation looking down on us. As someone said to me earlier today when I said that God created us out of Godself, G-d became us rather than G-d created us. When you describe as all that is, as the Creative Force, as the Organizer, as First Cause, how can anyone looking at life at the Universe, at humanity deny the existence of God? For me, the answer to whether or not God is is "Of course. How could I not?". The only question that remains is what is God like? Can we describe God? I think we can begin to. There are some things we can say about God. But, for me, thinking we have a clear handle on what God is would be like an amoeba thinking it has a handle on what a man is. Or maybe a better picture is a cell in our body thinking it comprehends the entire body. I think Christianity has done itself, God and humanity a disservice by thinking we have a clear handle on exactly what God is like and promoting this Sunday School primitive image that clearly does not fully describe the Divine. My view of God is best described by a word I first heard only a couple of years ago. Panentheistic. Not to be confused with pantheistic. Pantheists believe that the Universe is God that the physical realm is the complete manifestation of the divine. I do not believe that. I believe in both the immanence of God (the fact that She is in with and part of Her creation) and the transcendance of God (that G-d is greater than Her creation). The creation does not contain God. But, the creation is contained within God and is made of God. I see God as more giving birth to the Universe and to humanity, a mother, than as a manufacturer, one who constructed us and our universe. That is one reason why I believe it's important to use feminine pronouns for God sometimes (If we're going to use pronouns at all). I believe that, in a very real way and a way few of us can comprehend, we are each made up of the "stuff" of God (whatever that means). I believe that God experiences Godself through each of us. That is not to say that I am God. To say that God is me is not the same as saying I am God. Kind of like the cell in my finger is not Brian in its entirety, but the cell in my finger is part of Brian. Inseparable. This image (or lack of image) of God has been revolutionary for me. For year and years I looked for God "out there" praying, begging and cajoling for God to answer me. I heard Christians say they had talked to God. And, even more amazing God had talked back! To hear them talk, they knew exactly what God wanted and when He wanted it. They were so certain and sure of Him and themselves. I wondered what I was missing. Why did He choose to remain silent when I begged Him to reveal Himself to me? It wasn't until I learned about Centering Prayer (meditation if you will) that I finally began to truly sense the Presence of God. I started pressing people on what they meant when they said "God told me..." or "God told me to tell you...." Each and every single time it wasn't an audible voice they heard or a vision, it was a feeling, a thought, a word whispered in that "inner voice". When I finally realized this, I too began to hear from God. Then, it all started to fall into place. That stuff in the Bible about "be still and know I am God" made sense. Be still. Be quiet. That weird passage in 1 Kings 19 finally made sense to me: Many are still looking for physical manifestations of God. They expect God to come to them in fury, in awe, in might. Or maybe in a dream or a vision or by speaking through someone else. But, what did Elijah find? He found a still small voice- I believe an internal voice. I've heard people say it's blasphemy to say that God indwells us. They say it's heresy to say that we should look inside of ourselves to find God. But, isn't that exactly what the Bible tells us? Don't the Trinitarians say that Jesus, God and the Holy Spirit are One (and often they say they are the same). If God gives us the Holy Spirit how is that not God inside of us? If we're going to find God where else are we going to turn? Some say it's going to far to say we are God. And it is ridiculous to say that individually, I Brian, am the Creator or that I'm perfect. For a wave to declare itself the ocean is absurd. However, it is not going to far to say that I am an incarnation of God, an emanation from God, a piece of God, if you will. This is a very difficult concept for many to grasp and I cannot say I have a handle on it entirely. It's also very difficult to explain. But, we have to try. I'll end with a story: The disciples were full of questions about God. Said the master, "God is the Unknown and the Unknowable, Every statement about Him, every answer to every question is a distortion of truth." "Why does the bird sing?" said the master. We cannot know all there is to know about God. But, that does not stop us (nor should it stop us ) from speaking about Her. The things we say about G-d are not necessarily to be understood. They are to be listened to and taken into the heart- as the wind in the trees, or the sound of the river or the song of the bird. They will then awaken something in the heart that is beyond knowledge. This is what has happened to me. I've stopped trying to "understand" G-d with my head and started trying to feel God with my heart. (story taken from Anthony De Mello's "The Song of the Bird") Reblog this post [with Zemanta] The Christian Heretic said... Good stuff. I've also come to similar conclusions over the last few years. Don said... Brian- The fact that we all are one is manifested by this post. You have spoken with my voice here. Everything you have said, I have thought the same and believe the same. If I needed further proof of the truth of what I believe, you have given it to me. We are so aligned, belief-wise here, that I know it could be none other than the I AM who is speaking. I, too, have learned to listen in the quietness for I AM to speak to me. For the first demonstrable time in my life, I AM speaks to me. The conclusions you have reached are the same I have reached. "I believe that, in a very real way and a way few of us can comprehend, we are each made up of the "stuff" of God.... I believe that God experiences Godself through each of us. That is not to say that I am God. To say that God is me is not the same as saying I am God." I think I have stated almost exactly these same words. The warm feeling that encompasses me at this moment is obviously from I AM and confirms your words in this post. Man! Thanks for posting this one. Blessings bro! You made my day! brian said... I am so glad this made sense to somebody. This is one that was bouncing around in my head for a few days and I didn't know how it would come across. Chaplain Roy, Texas said... Very good post and great illustrations. In my job as a hospice chaplain, I try to explain God to dying people. They often explain God to me even more. I believe in "types and shadows" on earth as it is in heaven. By looking at our life as an observer, we may see the clue about "why". My parents, without understanding who God is, had a second son (me). As I grew, I realized that I was a combination of my parents. (not sure what they noticed). As my 3 sons were born and grew up, I saw my self in all three of them and was pleased and confused. When I held my first granddaughter, I saw and experienced even more of the wonderment. WOW!!. I think I'm feeling some of what God feels...unconditional love...all the time, for my offspring. My dna in them growing to be even more than I ever could by myself. Maybe that is what mother god is doing? brian said... Chaplain Roy, I never had any idea what unconditional love was like until my daughters came along. I certainly think that is one way we can get a glimpse of what God experiences. After having my children, the idea of Eternal Torment made even less sense to me. No mother could ever do that to a a son or daughter. Someday said... The idea of Panentheism is one that I too would describe of my own revelations of God. At one time I thought I was unique and different for thinking of God as everywhere and in all things. Then I came to learn the idea was ancient. For the Christian, one can look at the idea of Theosis as taught by the Orthodox Churches as evidence of an ancient Christian concept of union with God. It's not new age gobley gook like many "traditional" churches try to claim it is. One of my favorite illustrations of the idea you are describing can be found in the following quote from a 14th-century saint, Catherine of Siena who wrote: "The soul is in God, and God is in the soul, as the fish is in the ocean and the ocean in the fish." If you ask a fish to point to the ocean, it must point up, down, all around itself, and finally inside itself. Yet, the fish is not the ocean. brian said... I completely agree. There is a musician by the name of Kirtana. I love her stuff. There is a line in one of her songs that I love. The fishes are confused In searching for the sea Find what you can't lose Be free Glad you hung in there with me through the political stuff. It's nice to agree on something! Anonymous said... I enjoy reading your blog. I wasn't sure where to leave this comment so I hope here is fine. You have been down this universal road longer than I and I am still sorting through some of it. My aim now is to get better at articulating what I have come to know and to do so in a way that helps others who are wrestling with this (or combative against it). As a pastor, I feel this is important. On my blog I posted some thoughts today that I wonder if you wouldn't mind reading and let me know your honest take. You can find it here: Anonymous said... Met a friend recently who just put up a great review of Talbotts book. You might like it.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60182	Māori language: Wikis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Spoken in New Zealand Region Polynesia Total speakers 157,110 New Zealand residents claimed they could converse in Māori about everyday things, in the 2006 Census.[1] Language family Austronesian Official status Official language in New Zealand Regulated by Māori Language Commission Language codes ISO 639-1 mi ISO 639-2 mao (B) mri (T) ISO 639-3 mri Māori or te reo Māori (pronounced [ˈmaːoɾi, te ˈɾeo ˈmaːoɾi]) commonly te reo ("the language"), is the language of the indigenous population of New Zealand, the Māori, where it has is the status of an official language. Linguists classify it within the Eastern Polynesian languages as being closely related to Cook Islands Māori, Tuamotuan and Tahitian; somewhat less closely to Hawaiian and Marquesan; and more distantly to the languages of Western Polynesia, including Samoan, Tokelauan, Niuean and Tongan. Official status New Zealand has three official languages — Māori, English and New Zealand Sign Language.[2] Māori gained this status with the passing of the Māori Language Act in 1987. Most government departments and agencies have bilingual names, for example, the Department of Internal Affairs Te Tari Taiwhenua, and places such as local government offices and public libraries display bilingual signs and use bilingual stationery. New Zealand Post recognises Māori place-names in postal addresses. Dealings with government agencies may be conducted in Māori, but in practice this almost always requires interpreters, restricting its everyday use to the limited geographical areas of high Māori fluency, and to more formal occasions, such as during public consultation. An interpreter is on hand at sessions of Parliament, in case a Member wishes to speak in Māori. In 2008, Opposition parties held a filibuster against a local government Bill, and those who could recorded their voice votes in Māori, all faithfully interpreted. A 1994 ruling by the Privy Council[3] in the United Kingdom held the New Zealand Government responsible under the Treaty of Waitangi (1840) for the preservation of the language. Accordingly since March 2004, the state has funded Māori Television, broadcast partly in Māori. On 28 March 2008 Māori Television launched its second channel, Te Reo, broadcast entirely in the Māori language, with no advertising or subtitles. In 2008 Land Information New Zealand published the first list of official place names with macrons, which indicate long vowels. Previous place name lists were derived from systems (usually mapping and GIS systems) that could not handle macrons[4]. Detail from the carved ridgepole of a house According to legend, Māori came to New Zealand from the mythical Hawaiki. Current anthropological thinking places their origin in tropical Eastern Polynesia, mostly likely from the Southern Cook or Society Islands region, and that they arrived by deliberate voyages in seagoing canoes[5] — possibly double-hulled and probably sail-rigged. These settlers probably arrived by about AD 1280 (see Māori origins). Their language and its dialects developed in isolation until the 19th century. Since about 1800 the Māori language has had a tumultuous history. It started this period as the predominant language of New Zealand. In the 1860s it became a minority language in the shadow of the English spoken by settlers, missionaries, gold seekers, and traders from a wide variety of ethnic backgrounds. In the late 19th century the colonial governments of New Zealand and its provinces introduced an English-style school system for all New Zealanders, and from the 1880s the authorities forbade the use of Māori in schools (possibly at the request of Māori leaders, who appreciated the value to their young people of fluent English[6] — see Native Schools). Increasing numbers of Māori people learned English. Until World War II (1939-1945) most Māori people spoke Māori as their first language. Worship took place in Māori; it functioned as the language of Māori homes; Māori politicians conducted political meetings in Māori; and some literature and many newspapers appeared in Māori. As late as the 1930s, some Māori parliamentarians suffered disadvantage because Parliament's proceedings took place in English. From this period the number of speakers of Māori began to decline rapidly. By the 1980s fewer than 20% of Māori spoke the language well enough to be classed as native speakers. Even many of those people no longer spoke Māori in the home. As a result, many Māori children failed to learn their ancestral language, and generations of non-Māori-speaking Māori emerged. By the 1980s Māori leaders began to recognize the dangers of the loss of their language and initiated Māori-language recovery-programs such as the Kōhanga Reo movement, which from 1982 immersed infants in Māori from infancy to school age. There followed in the later 1980s the founding of the Kura Kaupapa Māori, a primary-school programme in Māori. Linguistic classification The major subgroups of East Polynesian Comparative linguists classify Māori as a Polynesian language; specifically as an Eastern Polynesian language belonging to the Tahitic subgroup, which includes Rarotongan, spoken in the southern Cook Islands, and Tahitian, spoken in Tahiti and the Society Islands. Other major Eastern Polynesian languages include Hawaiian, Marquesan (languages in the Marquesic subgroup), and the Rapa Nui language of Easter Island[7][8][9] While the preceding are all distinct languages, they remain similar enough that Tupaia, a Tahitian travelling with Captain James Cook in 1769-1770, communicated effectively with Māori. Speakers of modern Māori generally report that they find the languages of the Cook Islands, including Rarotongan, the easiest other Polynesian languages to understand and converse in. See also Austronesian languages. Geographic distribution Nearly all speakers are ethnic Māori resident in New Zealand. Estimates of the number of speakers vary: the 1996 census reported 160,000, while other estimates have reported as few as 50,000.[10] According to the 2006 census, 131,613 Māori (23.7%) "could [at least] hold a conversation about everyday things in te reo Māori".[10] In the same census, Māori speakers were 4.2% of the New Zealand population. The modern Māori alphabet has 20 letters, two of which are digraphs: A Ā E Ē H I Ī K M N O Ō P R T U Ū W NG and WH. [12] Attempts to write Māori words using the Roman alphabet began with Captain James Cook and other early explorers, with varying degrees of success. From 1814, missionaries tried to capture the sounds of the language. William Kendall published a book in 1815 entitled He Korao no New Zealand, which in modern orthography and usage would be He Kōrero nō Aotearoa. Professor Samuel Lee, working with chief Hongi Hika and Hongi's junior relative Waikato at Cambridge University, established a definitive orthography based on Northern usage in 1820. Professor Lee's orthography continues in use, with only two major changes: the addition of wh to distinguish the bilabial voiceless fricative phoneme from the labio-velar phoneme /w/; and the consistent marking of long vowels. The macron has become the generally accepted device for marking long vowels (hāngi), but at times the device of double vowel letters was used (haangi). Resolution of the problem of spelling long vowels The alphabet devised at Cambridge University was deficient in that it did not mark vowel length. The follow examples show that vowel length is phonemic in Māori: • ata 'morning', āta 'carefully' • manu 'bird', mānu 'float' Māori devised ways to mark vowel-length, sporadically at first. Occasional and inconsistent vowel-length markings occur in 19th-century manuscripts and newspapers written by Māori, including macron-like diacritics and the doubling of letters. Sir Apirana Ngata's Maori Grammar and Conversation (7th printing 1953) uses macrons, but only inconsistently. Once the Māori language started to be taught in universities in the 1960s, vowel-length marking was made systematic. At Auckland University, Professor Bruce Biggs (of Ngāti Maniapoto descent) promoted the use of double vowels (thus Maaori), and this became the standard at Auckland until Biggs died in 2000. But the use of macrons was promoted by other universities and eventually by the Māori Language Commission, established by the Māori Language Act 1987 as the authority for Māori spelling and orthography. Māori has five phonemically distinct vowel articulations and ten consonant phonemes. Vowel length is phonemic; but four of the five long vowels occur in only a handful of word roots, the exception being /ā/.[14] As noted above, it has recently become standard in Māori spelling to indicate a long vowel by a macron. As in many other Polynesian languages, there are no diphthongs in Māori (when two vowels are adjacent, each belongs to a different syllable), and all or nearly all sequences of nonidentical vowels are possible. All sequences of nonidentical short vowels occur and are phonemically distinct.[15] The following table shows the five vowel phonemes and the allophones for some of them according to Bauer 1997. Some of these phonemes occupy large spaces in the anatomical "vowel triangle" (actually a trapezoid) of tongue positions. For example, /u/ is sometimes realised (pronounced) as IPA [ʉ]. Front Central Back Close i u [ʉ] Open-Mid e [ɛ] o [ɔ] Open a The consonant phonemes of Māori are listed in the following table. Seven of the ten Māori consonant letters have the same pronunciation as they do in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For those that do not, the IPA phonetic transcription is included, enclosed in square brackets per IPA convention. Māori stops /p, t, k/ are nonaspirated, unlike in English. Māori /r/ is a tap, identical or very similar to the /r/ in Spanish and to the r in "very" in many dialects of England (and slightly less similar to the t in the American English pronunciation of "city" or "letter"). Bilabial Alveolar Velar Glottal Nonaspirated Plosive p t k Voiceless Fricative wh [f, ɸ] Nasal m n ng Tap r Semivowel w Because English stops /p, t, k/ primarily have aspiration, speakers of English often hear the Māori nonaspirated stops as English /b, d, g/. English speakers also tend to hear Māori /r/ as English /l/. These ways of hearing have given rise to place-name spellings which are incorrect in Maori, like Tolaga Bay in the North Island and Otago and Waihola in the South Island. Biggs proposed that historically there were two major dialect groups, North Island and South Island. South Island Māori is extinct[18] Biggs has analysed North Island Māori as comprising a western group and an eastern group with the boundary between them running pretty much along the island's north-south axis.[19] There is no significant variation in grammar between dialects.[20] Vocabulary and pronunciation vary to a greater extent, but this does not pose barriers to communication. North Island dialects In the southwest of the island, in the Wanganui (native spelling Whanganui) and Taranaki regions, the phoneme /h/ is a glottal stop and the phoneme /wh/ is [ʔw]. In Tūhoe and the Eastern Bay of Plenty (northwestern North Island) ng has merged with n. In parts of the Far North, wh has merged with w. South Island dialects In the extinct South Island dialects, ng merged with k. Thus Kāi Tahu and Ngāi Tahu are variations in the name of the same tribe (the latter form is the one used in acts of Parliament). Since 2000, the government has altered the official names of several southern place names to the southern dialect forms by replacing ng with k. New Zealand's highest mountain, known for centuries as Aoraki in southern Māori dialects that merge ng with k, and as Aorangi by other Māori, was later named "Mount Cook", in honor of Captain Cook. Now its sole official name is Aoraki/Mount Cook, which favors the local dialect form. Likewise, Dunedin's main research library, the Hocken Library, has the name Te Uare Taoka o Hākena rather than northern Te Whare Taonga o Hākena. Biggs (Biggs 1998) developed an analysis that the basic unit of Māori speech is the phrase, rather than the word. The lexical word forms the "base" of the phrase. "Nouns" include those bases that can take a definite article, but cannot occur as the nucleus of a verbal phrase; for example:ika (fish) or rākau (tree). Plurality is usually marked only by the definite article (singular te, plural ngā). Some nouns lengthen a vowel in the plural, such as wahine (woman); wāhine (women). Verbal particles indicate aspectual properties of the verb they relate to. They include ka (inceptive), i (past), kua(perfect), kia (desiderative), me (prescriptive), e (non-past), kei (warning, “lest”), ina or ana (punctative-conditional, "if and when"), and e … ana (imperfect). Personal pronouns • Tēnā koe: hello (to one person) • Tēnā kōrua: hello (to two people) • Tēnā koutou: hello (to more than two people) Qualifiers generally follow nouns. From missionary times, Māori used transliterations of English names for days of the week and for months of the year. Since about 1990 the Māori Language Commission / Te Taura Whiri o te Reo Māori has promoted new ("traditional") sets. Its days of the week have no pre-European equivalent but reflect the pagan origins of the English names (for example, Hina = moon), the months of the year on one regional traditional calendar which, being lunar, does not quite match the Julian/Gregorian months. Day Transliteration Official Monday Mane Rāhina Tuesday Tūrei Rātū Wednesday Wenerei Rāapa Thursday Tāite Rāpare Friday Paraire Rāmere Saturday Rāhoroi/Hāterei Rāhoroi Sunday Rātapu/Wiki Rātapu Month Transliteration Official January Hānuere Kohi-tātea February Pēpuere Hui-tanguru March Māehe Poutū-te-rangi April Āperira Paenga-whāwhā May Mei Haratua June Hune Pipiri July Hūrae Hōngongoi August Ākuhata Here-turi-kōkā September Hepetema Mahuru October Oketopa Whiringa-ā-nuku November Noema Whiringa-ā-rangi December Tīhema Hakihea See also 1. ^ Statistics New Zealand:Language spoken (total responses) for the 1996-2006 censuses (Table 16). 2. ^ "NZ Sign Language to be third official language". New Zealand Government. http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/nz+sign+language+be+third+official+language. Retrieved 2009-12-04. 3. ^ New Zealand Maori Council v Attorney-General [1994] 1 NZLR 513 4. ^ "New Zealand Gazetteer of Official Geographic Names". Land Information New Zealand. http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/find-names/nz-gazetteer-official-names/index.aspx. 5. ^ K. R. Howe. 'Ideas of Māori origins - 1920s–2000: new understanding', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 4-Mar-09. URL: http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/ideas-of-maori-origins/5 6. ^ "Toi te kupu, Toi te whenua, Toi te mana 1840 - 1900". Archives New Zealand. http://www.archives.govt.nz/exhibitions/pastexhibitions/tereo/1840_eng.php. Retrieved 2009-01-29. 10. ^ a b QuickStats About Māori, Statistics New Zealand, 2006, http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2006CensusHomePage/QuickStats/quickstats-about-a-subject/maori.aspx, retrieved 2007-11-14 (revised 2007) 11. ^ "Languages Spoken at Home" (PDF), Australia: 2001 and 1996 Census, http://www.omi.wa.gov.au/WAPeople%5CSect1%5CTable%201p04%20Aust.pdf, retrieved 2007-11-14 12. ^ An underlined k sometimes appears when writing the Southern dialect, to indicate that the /k/ in question corresponds to the ng of the standard language. Various methods are used to indicate glottal stops when writing the Wanganui dialect. 14. ^ Bauer 1997: 536. Bauer even raised the possibility of analysing Māori as really having six vowel phonemes, /a, ā, e, i, o, u/. 15. ^ Harlow 1996: 1; Bauer 1997: 534 16. ^ Bauer 1997: 532 lists seven allophones (variant pronunciations). 17. ^ A. H. McLintock (editor) (1966). "'MAORI LANGUAGE - Pronunciation'". Encyclopedia of New Zealand (1966). http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/M/MaoriLanguage/Pronunciation/en. 18. ^ Biggs 1988: 65 19. ^ Bauer 1997: xxvi • Bauer, Winifred. 1993. Maori. Routledge. Series: Routledge descriptive grammars. • Harlow, Ray. 1996. Maori. LINCOM Europa. • Sutton, Douglas G. (ed.) (1994). The Origins of the First New Zealanders. Auckland: Auckland University Press. External links Māori language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Got something to say? Make a comment. Your name Your email address
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60216	What do Romney/Ryan, Samsung/Apple, and Bill Nye all have in common?! Dustin and Demented talk about loads of neat things! Such as the Romney/Ryan ticket, and Ryan’s connection to Akin. Bill Nye pops up in the conversation as well as Berry White! Creationism is pooped on and many many other … Continue reading
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60265	From Winegard Company Jump to: navigation, search 2452348.pdf(file size: 785 KB, MIME type: application/pdf) File history current15:07, 15 June 2017 (785 KB)Webwine (Talk \| contribs) • You cannot overwrite this file. The following page links to this file:
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60269	Monday, 7 July 2014 The Other Side HOW do you know you have come out the other side of toddlerhood? It’s not a trick question. There are a number of clues. If you have to think of the answer well, then, congratulations, you lucky sucker; you’re out the other side. See how easy it is to forget all about the hardships that accompany that tricky, messy stage in your life. Oh, I know. You haven’t forgotten them. I haven’t either. There are some red hot ones still burning holes in my brain. But see how easy things are after a good nights sleep. Bet you thought you’d never see that again. How about that first uninterrupted cup of coffee during the 15 minutes Peppa Pig burned a different hole in your brain? What about coming out of the bathroom and feeling strange? Strange because you were in there alone. For all of five minutes. See? Those things. I am wearing makeup again. Proper stuff now not like the time I only drew on one eyebrow and forgot to blend in my dots of foundation. I am going through my handbag for something or other and realise it’s actually a handbag and not a family sized rucksack. Also there isn’t a baby wipe in sight! I am wearing jewellery again. Dangly stuff too. The fear of getting the ear lobe ripped off me by an eager, grabby toddler has long passed. Now my only worry is the dog (or the child) eating my beads and chains. Poo watch anyone? There is alcohol again. And not alcopops either but proper grown up wine and spirits and the odd beer. I wear clothes that are not black. Clothes that might actually be white! Or close enough to it anyway. I am still dodging mucky puppy hands and snotty noses but most days when I don white duds, they are still clean(ish) when I take them off. Relax at your peril though. Never ever let your guard down. Kids are always on the lookout for perfect opportunities to embarrass you and entertain everyone else in the café. You think they were given high pitch voices because it’s cute? Nooooo! It’s so everyone within a five mile radius can hear them. Here is a conversation that may or may not have taken place between me and one of my boys lately. On a day when I was wearing the aforementioned white(ish) trousers plus a short sleeved top. “What’s that under your arms?” “Nothing.” (Distracted and reaching across for the cappuccino) “There is. I saw something.” “What did you see?” (Sipping coffee with my guard down. Totally out in the open and unprotected) “Prickly stuff. Look! There it is again. I told youYOU HAVE HAIR BALLS UNDER YOUR ARMS!” Recently I took the four boys and our lovely Juno girl doggy off on a skyte through some small woods near us. Delighted with myself. Wearing the beige linen trousers. Delighted with myself. Walked the wood with them all. Delighted with myself. Returned home with only a smidgeon of pepperoni on the side of my beige linen trousers that couldn’t be seen if I pulled my top down enough. Later on that same day when I took off the linen trousers I saw what I knew was a smushed lump of chocolate brownie on the backside of it. But I know the 67 people who saw me between the hours of 2pm and 11pm thought it was shite! See? You will get to the other side but they just won’t let you enjoy it. Keep those arms pinned to your sides at all times and keep a rain jacket or some such handy to wrap around your waist in the event that you sit in something unsavoury. The other side. It’s the best finish line you will ever cross. 1. So delighted with myself since we said goodbye to nappies in this house and still wouldn't write a blog post on it, you're one brave lady ;) !!!!!! Oh NOOOOO re the chocolate but yes to everything else, thanks for the laugh. 1. Nappies!! When he insists they have to have crocodiles on them! Thanks for that Lidl!!! I actually think I might have one going to school still wearing them! Talk about his comfort zone! 2. Very funny post :) I've never been brave enough to wear light-coloured trousers, even before having a child! 1. Go for it Sheila! It's very liberating. You've reminded me of another time where I held my few months old baba on my knee in that above cafe and I thought the mango chutney had dropped out all over my trousers. It wasn't mango chutney...............There are not enough baby wipes IN THE WORLD to clean up that mess! 3. I think we may be living parallel lives!! Nodding to all of the above and I think I have those beige linen trousers!! It is so nice being on the other side (touches wood frantically) 4. Oh I can't wait :) my white trousers are in hiding, but they probably don't fit me anyway! Lovely post 5. Love this almost as much as I love being on the other side! 6. Love it. I wore a white dress to the beach last week and when we were all finished and getting dressed again my lovely white dresse had a nice yellow (apple juice) stain right across the bum area. That was the fastest walk home I have ever done!! That will learn me dating to wear white whilst still the proud owner of a toddler :-)
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60272	Thursday, October 30, 2008 Ask Me what you will A couple nights ago, after 11pm, SK called me. She's on the worship team for the student-led worship at Whitworth University, and it had been a surprisingly emotional night for her. As one student prayed, SK began to cry. Her tears came because she was struck with the realization that Jesus had died for her--for HER--and she couldn't even relinquish control of her life to Him. The truth of His sacrifice and her ungratefulness, her inability to focus on Him hit her squarely between the eyes. It was a brand new experience, to be so overwhelmed by His great gift to her, to feel His presence in this way. And it shook her a little that she would cry so hard (and still be wiping her nose on her sleeve when she had to get up and sing the closing choruses). So she called me. And I was actually thrilled about her experience. I've sat where she did that night. For an entire year, a couple of years ago, every time I heard the name of Jesus in a worship service, tears sprang to my eyes. There is something about His name, I came to see. It was both beautiful and slightly unnerving to experience that. And I think most of the time, a supernatural sense of Him comes with tears. I don't exactly know why this is--maybe because an awareness of His presence also leads us to sense our own sinfulness. But for that whole year, I lived in the presence of God in a new way, was more focused on Him, more aware of Him than I'd been before or have been since. It was a grace--a gift. And I think, in SK's tears, there was an implied question--"How much do you want me? Ask me what you will, and I will do it..." The truth is, such moments--such favor from Him--don't seem to last and not because He changes. Life gets in the way. Shoot, I get in the way, more often than not. But I hunger for that kind of living with Him, that awareness of Him. Last night, while reading Brother Lawrence, the profound monk from the 17th century who wrote The Practice of the Presence of God, I was struck again by his simple desire--to always concentrate on God's presence in His life and to "drive away from [his] mind everything that was capable of interrupting [his] thought of God." Just that, no more and no less. No matter what he did, he was also constantly in conversation with the Lord. Washing dishes in the abbey's kitchen--do so with God. Cutting vegetables for soup? Ask God to be real in the chopping. No task was too menial for Brother Lawrence because, for him, everything had the scent of God, was a chance to glorify Him. This was his desire, his sole aim: "To become wholly God's... to give my all for God's all." It got me to thinking about what I want most from God. One way or another, I believe God asks each one of us this question: "What do you want me to do for you?" Of course, He's already done everything, when you think about it. Our salvation at the cost of Jesus' life is the only real thing, isn't it? What else is there? If He never did anything else for you, what He did on the cross is enough--as I think SK realized for at least a moment the other night (this we have to learn again and again). Yet, I think He wants to do more for us, just as we long to do for our beloved children. So I got to thinking about what I'd say if He asked me. The truth is, not once but several times in the course of my life with Christ, I've felt the whispered question, "What do you desire? Ask me what you will, and I will do it." God asked Solomon this, and Solomon asked Him for wisdom with which to judge the people. What I want is what Lawrence had. In Exodus 33, Moses has a conversation with a heavenly being; his words are the cry of my heart, "If you are pleased with me, teach me your ways so I may know you and continue to find favor with you...If Your presence doesn't go with us, do not send us up from here." And this is also my desire: If His presence doesn't go with me, I don't want to go. I don't want to get out of this chair, take a step into my day. I want to know Him--simply to know Him more and more and more. Everything else--or nothing else!--comes after that, and is His pleasure to give. Does this make sense? Like a verse in my favorite hymn "Be thou my vision"-- "Riches I heed not nor man's empty praise; Thou mine inheritance, now and always. Thou and thou only, first in my heart, High King of Heaven, my treasure thou art." So what do you want from Him? What is the deep desire of your heart? Think about it--He wants to give to you. Tuesday, October 28, 2008 The death of a saint Yesterday was the memorial service of an old friend. She's been battling cancer for years, and finally let go of her ravaged body and this old earth last Friday. One of her daughters has been keeping us in the loop for the last week, so I've been thinking about her a lot. And thinking of her five daughters, three grandchildren, husband, parents, siblings and especially her youngest sister, Karen, who was my college roommate. I've known the whole family a very long time. In fact, after my own family, I send more Christmas cards to the Barnes family than any other. I've been in relationship with one or more of the them since I was twenty years old, and have even had Joanne's niece and nephew live with us (separately) for a season over the years. Joanne I met many years ago, when Karen and I drove down to the family home in San Jose for spring break my first year at college in Eugene. Joanne was also staying with her parents while her husband was away...serving a year-long prison sentence, actually. Joanne had two daughters then, dark-haired four-year-old Ginny and the bright-red-haired baby Aimee, who was absolutely adorable! I enjoyed Joanne, her calmness, her great sense of humor, her quiet love of Christ. Her certainty that God was in this trouble she had, that He would redeem it, somehow. I was instantly awed by that faith, that love of Christ. Then years later, when the Beve and I moved our family to Sequim, there was Joanne and her now larger family, going to the church we chose, living next door to her parents, who had retired there. By then Joanne had five girls and the youngest two were the same ages as E and SK, so we had an instant connection. Joanne invited me to a women's Bible Study she was starting on Wednesday mornings, which we quickly named "WOW" or Women on Wednesdays. For the next five years, we met weekly through the school year to study and pray. Joanne played worship choruses on the piano (until a real pianist joined our group), plunking out simple melodies while we praised. Our children--E started Kindergarten that fall, and the other two were younger--were cared for in the nursery(well, when they weren't causing havoc around the building--there was the time when one of them climbed up the cement fountain in the church's courtyard, and broke it! Like every other mom in the room, I was sure it was one of my children who'd done it--J, to be exact--but fortunately it wasn't!). And we spent the morning together, discovering what God might have to say through our communal prayers, and our deep desires in knowing Him through His word. Joanne was the defacto leader of our group in the early years. She had older children, she had a sense of God's presence, she was absolutely in love with Jesus. And it was all very appealing, contagious. We sat around the table with God and Joanne, and soaked up what she had to teach us. A couple years later, I asked Joanne's mom, Ruth, if she'd disciple me, so another morning a week I went to their geodesic dome house where Joanne joined us in more directed prayer. Those were sweet hours, listening to the wisdom of such Godly women. I felt blessed to be with them, and humbled by both Ruth's and Joanne's deep, honest praying. It taught me a lot about how to approach the throne of grace confidently--without religious words or mere platitudes. I was changed by those hours sitting in the dome's large living room, just as I was around the table with Joanne at church. Joanne didn't have an easy life, nor an easy marriage. But no matter what struggle she faced, she never seemed to lose her calm certainty of God's provision and real presence in her life. It was often a struggle for me to understand how she could maintain such equilibrium in the face of difficulties which would surely destroy me, but she was a witness to me of God's faithfulness in whatever fire slammed through her life. I remember driving somewhere with her, and her confiding that she'd been told she would probably get breast cancer, given what she was already dealing with. It surprised me how nonchalant she seemed about it, how unafraid she was to face cancer, and even death. Soon after that she moved away, and by the time she moved back to Sequim, the Beve and I were pulling up stakes and moving across the sound to where we now live. I saw her a few times after that, but we were always rushing out of church to see Beve's dad, or she was on her way somewhere. The last time I saw Joanne was at the wedding of her nephew, about two years ago. By then, she'd been living with cancer for several years, and wasn't recognizable to me because steroids and other drugs she was on had ballooned her slight frame. Karen got up from where we'd been visiting, walked over to a rather large woman, and hugged her. After the woman left the reception, Karen sat back down, and told me it was Joanne. I would have walked past her on the street. And didn't have a chance to speak to her. I'm feeling sad about that today. I was sad yesterday when I realized it wasn't practical for me to try to get to the memorial service. But I know what that service was about. I know what was said. Joanne had gone home, was receiving a hero's welcome within the gates of heaven. The father knows her name, knows her heart, and was glad to have her home. And I know that, for all the sadness of that loss--for Ginny, Aimee, Ruthie, Brooke and Brittany, for Manuel, her husband who she remained faithful to for so many years, for her parents, Ruth and Bob, her siblings, especially Karen--there was also a true sense of celebration. "Blessed in the sight of the Lord is the death of His saints," says the Psalmist, and Joanne was absolutely one of His saints. Her witness, her story, is as complicated as anyone's, but never did she falter, never was she anything but in love with Christ. Even in the bleakest moments, she held on (sometimes by her fingernails!), and I know He's honoring that now. I know there are balloons (metaphorically) and cake and homemade icecream at the party going on in heaven, celebrating a life well-lived, a life honoring Him. I'm sorry not to have been in that company yesterday, but not sad for Joanne. For her, she finally is where she's longed to be--face to face with her Beloved. Hallelujah! Monday, October 27, 2008 Do you remember learning to swim? I do. Not the first day in the water, but the Saturday mornings I spent at Bohler Gym, struggling to learn new strokes, tread water for 10 minutes, dive off the side of the pool and then the diving board. I passed junior lifesaving when I was too young to be certified, and senior lifesaving a couple years later. I was a good swimmer, though not an athlete, and swimming was my 'sport' in those days. In junior high I began synchronized swimming, after an instructor told me it would be a shame to destroy my pretty breast stroke by racing. I loved synchronized swimming (though I really loathe the over-the-top makeup and costumes now seen in the Olympics. There was something about all those tricks and flips in the water--feet pointed straight in the air while upside-down--that really appealed to me. Even now when I get in the water, I love to practice them, though a chubby 50-year-old really has no business sticking her bum in the air! In college, I got my WSI (Water Safety Instructor) and began working as a lifeguard and swimming instructor. Holding slick little bodies, I helped them get over fear, put their heads in the water, swim back to the wall from an increasing distance. Yep, I've been a water person all my life--it's my natural habitat, I've sometimes thought, just as the basketball court is the Beve's. Most of my swimming experience was in pools where I could open my eyes and watch where I was going. But in the summers, at our family's cabin on Whidbey Island, I swam in Deer Lake--and always kept my eyes firmly shut. At Girl Scout and Campfire Girls Camp, I also swam in lakes, once even across the large bay of Cour de 'Alene Lake. The Beve doesn't like lake swimming at all. He has an irrational fear of something lurking in the depths, something that might reach out and bite him. (We all have irrational fears--I'm terrified of high, windy mountain roads--though I don't usually admit that fear is anything but a natural consequence of a scary situation!). But I'll swim anywhere, any way. Even when the water's frigid, full of waves and salt. I've been thinking this morning about how the life of a disciple is like learning to swim--particularly in a dark and deep lake. There's a whole school of thought that one should throw a small child into water and they'll learn to swim--one way or another. But I don't buy this. I don't actually believe there are shortcuts to learning how to stay safe and alive in the water. How to become good at it. And so it is as a disciple. "The trouble is is that in the spiritual life there are no tricks and shortcuts." Thomas Merton There's no diving into the deep end without learning how to swim to shore. We have to start at the beginning. We have to learn to breath. In fact, I'm not sure there actually is such a thing as being an expert in this life of faith. We're all Beginners, as those first learning to swim are called. The thing is, the lake that is God is immeasurably deep--deeper than Crater Lake, which is the deepest lake I know. God is unfathomably deep, and what we see of Him, get to know of Him will never come close to plummeting those depths. What we can see of Him is far less than what He is. We simply have to swim where we are, learning to be okay with never touching the bottom. Lean back and float in the lake--the ocean--that is Him, trusting that what we can't see is safe and free from monsters. In fact, aren't the best treasures beneath the surface? There's a whole world to see--He's a great lake, the very ocean itself, our God is, and I want to see what there is to see--as far as I can see. Let me--let us!--learn to open our eyes in the water. We can spend all our lives, swimming by faith, and still only be beginners. "We do not want to be beginners. But let us be convinced of the fact that we'll never be anything else but beginners." Thomas Merton Learn your strokes, learn how to breath, tread water, then plug your nose and dive in--there aren't monsters, but treasures in the water that is our God. Friday, October 24, 2008 This was my day yesterday: I left my sister's house at 8:30 am. Then I had... A car-ride: 1.5 hours An airport wait: 1 hour A wait on a tarmack: 1 hour A plane trip: 1 hour, 10 minutes An airport wait: 1 hour A shuttle bus ride: 2.5 hours A car ride: 3 minutes And at 5:35 pm, I finally got home! It would have been faster to drive. But perhaps not nearly as 'fun'! I'm always so glad to get home at the end of a trip. Whether I've been gone overnight or away for several weeks, I grow increasingly impatient as I approach our house. Sure, the dogs will bark, jump at my face(which is a little disconcerting!) but their excitement at having part of their pack home mirrors how I feel. Yes, there's a stack of mail to go through (our ballots arrived while I was gone, as well as two books I'd ordered from Amazon), and my bag full of dirty laundry has to be unpacked, the wash begun. There's catching up to do with the Beve (I always miss him a lot, particularly after a grueling week with Mom). But at the end of the evening, there's a bath to be had in my very own bathtub, and my wide bed to fall into! My own bed. Ahhh, there's nothing like it. A couple of days ago, I took Mom on a drive around my hometown. We drove past all four of our residences (three rentals and one owned), and she remembered something about each one. At the first one--which I'm pretty sure hasn't been painted since we lived there in 1965--she remembered my little sister going to a babysitter's on the next street over: "That Mrs. Pike saved my life those first few years," she said. As we turned the corner by the second house, she said, "That was the one that had burned just before we moved in." "Yes!" I told her, surprised she recognized it--it looks a whole lot different to me! There was the house on College hill, once white with red trim, now painted a dull beige, where she remembered having broken her leg while Dad was away at his summer job, and having no one home to help with the kids. But the house she lived in longest, the one the architect designed especially for our family (the one across the street from where Beve grew up), she looked at quizzically, and wondered why the new owner had added the high windows above the roof. "They've always been there," I told her, surprised that this was the house that looked most unfamiliar. "No," she said, a little sadly. "I'd have noticed them." That house was home for 32 years. We moved in before it was completed, living in two bedrooms and the utility room in the basement, while the upstairs living areas were finished. She doesn't have it firmly in her patchwork brain, but that house is the one I think of when I think of my childhood/youth. That afternoon we drove past the school where Mom taught for most of her teaching career, past Sloan Hall on campus where Dad had his office for his entire career at WSU. Past the swimming pools on campus where we took lessons and swam on Friday nights and Sunday afternoons. Past the church I was raised and married in, where Dad's packed memorial service was held. Past the high school all Mom's kids, and three of her grandchildren graduated. Finally, after traversing the town several times, Mom said there was one more place we wanted to go. So we drove out of town and up the hill to the city cemetary, wound around the gravel road among the tall trees and cement gravestones, and I hoped I'd find the right place. As a teenager and college student, my friends and I used to go out there late at night, play hide-n-seek among those stones, and I always made them part next to my grandparents' memorial stones set on the ground. So Mom and drove slowly up the road, and I finally saw the landmark I was looking for. There's a cube-shaped stone, set up one one corner of the cube, so it looks like a dice ready to spin. When I saw that, I knew we were close. We stopped the car, and I began looking for my grandparents plots. Then, there they were, side-by-side, my 'Chief', as we called Mom's dad, and Grandmom. I yelled at Mom, and she came over and knelt beside her father's stone, carefully wiping the fallen leaves from its face. Then she traced the words on her mother's, patting them slowly. I looked out across the fields toward town, thinking it a funny thing that this was the final home for their ashes. Just their ashes lay there, not their true selves. They'd long since made the final trip home, Chief in 1972, Grandmom in 1986. My grandparents looked homeward toward heaven my whole life--and their heaven-looking selves is part of the reason I look home to Him as well. It was a good afternoon, seeing the old places in my hometown, reminding Mom of a past that is fading from her brain. But as true as those places are, as shaping as they've been in my life, they are as empty as the graveyard for me now. I no longer live there, it's only my shell that has connection. For me, home is here--in this house, with this Beve, with this family. And even this is merely temporary. All the time, I'm pressing onward, upward. Awaiting my true Home. Wednesday, October 22, 2008 The love due her Just got off the phone with Mom and once again today she was hysterical. See, she came out to dinner here at my sister's last night, and though I sat beside her for almost two hours beforehand, drinking our glasses of wine, chatting about puppies, the election, the small things of her life, once the house filled, she was mostly alone in a chair. Now she feels none spoke to her the entire night, and she was only happy for the five minutes she held a squirming puppy in her arms. Now I know, I KNOW, that isn't true. But I also know it's easy to overlook her in a crowded room. The banter flies at a rapid pace, and she can't keep up. But what am I saying? We've had the propensity of ignoring her for much longer than she's been in the grip of this disease. She's difficult and abrasive and, for years, whatever we gave her wasn't enough, didn't fill her up. She was always on the lookout for the more we gave someone else, the slights she perceived, and what it said about her worthiness. And the more she required and demanded, the more I resisted. I admit this. There was NEVER a way to satisfy, so why try? This morning the petulance was just what it's always been, exactly that offended, that hurt, that lost. Even now, it seems, she only holds in her brain what hasn't been done for her, not what has. The truth is, I don't know how to please my mother. I've never know. I can spend hour upon hour with her and that doesn't do it. I call her daily and that can't help. I sit quietly besider her as she watches a program on TV because she simply has to watch it, and when I leave or hang up the phone, she says, "You never talk to me, you didn't hug me enough, you don't love me..." The scales never balance, let alone tip toward good. In King Lear, when the king asks his daughters how much they love him, Regan and Goneril exaggerate with overwrought, flowery phrases that simply can't be true. They aim to be first, the heir, gain the riches, so their loving words have motive. But Lear's favorite, Cornelia, tells him, "I love you as is your due." Just that--she gives him the love that is due a father, but not the love due a lover. All she has for him, but not what she keeps for loving others--this is the love Cornelia has for her father. And in his great, gaping need, it's not enough, so she is cast out. Mom is King Lear, and I am only Cornelia. As is her due...and she'll never know, can't possibly understand, what it's cost to get me to this place. Tuesday, October 21, 2008 Lost and gone forever Sunday, October 19, 2008 A surfeit of riches Thursday, October 16, 2008 We're driving south tonight, so we can make a left-turn east tomorrow. Over the mountains and through the hills (once you get over the mountains, there aren't any woods going east from here) to see our youngest daughter. Parents' weekend at her University. We'll descend with other parents of these kids shelling out big bucks to attend this private university, practically crowding the kids out of the place. Not surprising, when you think about it, if every student has two parents--why, we could stage a coup! SK has been counting the hours 'til she sees us. It's been a hard fall so far--she's too busy, too stressed, too...well, everything. To her, there's no such word as 'no!', so everything she's asked to do, she tries to do, and plenty more besides. There have been times in the past when this has led to an all-out panic attack, when she gets so overwhelmed she stops being able to breathe. So far, she's avoided that this autumn, but a weekend with Mama and Daddy will hopefully alleviate some of her stress. She does have obligations both nights of the weekend, Saturday afternoon, and Sunday morning--so we'll either be following her around, or simply have a great weekend by ourselves in a town where we once lived (and our oldest child was born). We know a whole lot of people in Spokane, where SK studies. Professors (an old friend from high school, former Young Life leader), the VP of Parent and Alumni relations (also a YL leader, my first Campaigners leader) at the university. Just a couple short blocks from campus lives a very good friend of the Beve's (they worked for a Sports camp organization together the first year we were married), and not far from them, live four of my closest high school girlfriends. The church SK's been attending turns out to be one another old friend of Beve started. This pastor is part of one of my favorite stories about hs Beve. Beve was something of a stud on the basketball court, a necessary ingredient for the team. But one night, he got to a town north of Spokane, and discovered he'd forgotten his shoes. Sounds just like the Beve I know and love...Anyway, the coach wasn't very happy, as you can imagine, and they went searching for someone who might possibly lend Beve hoop shoes. They didn't find anyone who had feet big enough, but this guy--now the pastor of the church SK attends--wore a size smaller and said Beve could use them. Beve squashed his feet into size 13s, and promptly went out and anhilated the poor team (and someday pastor). One shining moment, indeed. We might just see that pastor this weekend, we might catch up with some or all of those old friends. But mostly, we'll be hugging the Bug, as we've always called her. Being home to her for whatever moments have. And when she's off to whatever events she has, we'll be SK stalkers! Tuesday, October 14, 2008 My mother called me tonight. She wasn't sure who she was calling, exactly. Either me or that other girl who doesn't live where she does (which would be my sister in Ventura). She hardly remembers how to use the phone now, and even when I call her, she answers as if she isn't sure she should have, isn't sure what exactly that ringing sound meant. And every conversation is labored and confusing, because her words are disappearing. So she'll speak a sentence like, "It won't go that way, but only the other. Back there." I haven't any idea what 'it' is, and if I try to guess, I'm wrong more often than not now. Just a few months ago, when she was only dropping a word here or there, it was a fairly simple thing to guess the missing word from the context. And if I miss, it only frustrates her. Makes her cry, and say she's stupid. It's agonizing to hear, hard enough that it's easier than ever not to call her. Tonight, I apologized for not having called her this week, and she said, "But you did." So I take advantage, I'm sorry to say, of the fact that she no longer keeps lists in her brain--and trust me, it used to be a long, long list--who called her, when, how long they talked, etc. I could trust her to tell me how often others in the family had called her since I last had. We used to laugh about it, my siblings and I, laugh about how she didn't really want to talk, she just wanted to count us. Really quite sad, though, now that I've written that out so baldly. But she was very distraught on the phone this evening. She has to get rid of her cat, you see. Her cat she named Purrky--"you know for the way it purrs" That's also the name of the first cat Mom ever owned, when she was about 5 years old. When she got the cat, she remembered that. She can't remember how to tell time, but could (a year ago or more) remember clearly the calico cat she had as a little girl. This Purrky, also a calico, has been making messes on the carpet, and Mom can't take care of it any longer. Probably the litter box isn't as clean as Mom thinks it is. Anyway, Mom's incredibly upset. She thinks the cat is the only thing she has to love, the only thing who loves her. "She's been with me the whole time," she said, the whole time meaning since she moved into the assisted living complex last spring. I told her it was okay to feel sad about the cat, and reminded her of how much I grieved when my dog, Jemima, died. But she thinks she's bad to feel so about a cat. I told her that the cat isn't all she has, that I love her too, but it didn't make much of a dent. I'm not in her daily life, after all. And for her, out of sight is increasingly out of mind. And this cat is right there, sitting on her lap, nuzzling into her head as she sleeps. Something to love, for my little-girl mother. This long slow fade toward death feels a little like the moments before sleep. She's just drifting away. I can hardly remember what she was like now--both the good and the bad. Maybe that's a good thing. But it's hard to watch, to try to listen to. Harder still is my own ambivalence about her. The way I have to work to remember to call her. But as bad as she is now, I know worse is coming. There will be days ahead when she won't know us at all. Days ahead when she'll have to be cared for more practically--even bathed and clothed. It's hard to imagine. But for now, it's just about a little girl losing her cat. And that's hard enough. Monday, October 13, 2008 Wish Book When I was a child, we had a Wish Book in our house. It was a medium-sized, blue, loose-leaf notebook, with the word 'WISH BOOK' written on the cover in my mother's perfect penmanship. Inside it had colored dividers, with a name of one family member on each divider. And each section was filled with a list of 'wants'. From those lists, my mother bought our Christmas and birthday gifts. Or some of them... I still remember some of my list. At the top was "Baby brother." For much of my childhood, it was what I truly wanted most. I was twelve-years-old when that got checked off my list, and I'm almost certain that it was only because I had it on my wish list that our family grew to six children from four, with not one, but two, baby brothers. Next on my list was "horse." Yes, I was completely horse-crazy as a girl. I collected horse figurines in all colors and sizes, my most cherished one an antique china shiny brown horse that stood proudly on my cluttered dresser--until the child of my brothers' daily babysitter got into my room and broke it. I was heartbroken, and immediately after that, my dad put a high lock on our bedroom door. But these figurines weren't what I had on my wishlist, no matter how often my mom bought them for me. And,fortunately, by middle school, I had friends who owned horses, and was able to ride often. But there was no way my parents were going to buy me a horse. Instead, they tried to placate me with other pets. I had a couple of turtles for a while. I don't remember liking them very much, and maybe that accounts for the shortness of their lives, because I only have one memory of even caring for them. I also had a guinea pig, inexplicably named Parcheesi after the game. It lived in my bedroom, but I took it out sometimes to stroke and let run around. It expired soon after one of these adventures, when our dog scared it under the furniture. When I picked it up, it was shaking like autumn leaves. I think it died from fright, frankly. Poor thing. We also had a series of cats (all with names starting with the letter O--Oscar, Olive, Onyx), and a Norwegian Elkhound, named 'Brandstock's Silver Mist, and called Misty. I liked the cats, loved the dogs, none of them alleviated the desire for a horse. Also on my list was 'desk, make-up (with the editorial comment, 'I know you probably won't get me this' written in my childish hand), books, and a variety of clothing items, which got checked off as they appeared in my life. I'm thinking about this this morning because it's just about the time of year when Beve and I ask our own children for Christmas lists. The girls are always more than equal to the task. J, on the other hand, rarely has anything he really wants. Last night he told me that what he wants for Christmas is underwear and a sweatshirt--his are old and worn. J hates to 'want' things. He really feels like he has more than he needs. So we usually end up in default mode with him--giving him books to add to his overflowing library. So what do I want? What do you? If I had to make a list, (and my kids wouldn't mind!), I don't know what would be on it. Not much that one could buy in stores, anyway. It isn't that I don't like material things--of course I do. But less than I used to--which is the only direction this road should go. Now, more than ever, it's Kingdom-come things I want. Contentment. The secret of being content? Of not having a long list of wants? Christ's strength. Not on our own, but through Him. When my body is swamped with pain? Content in Him. When I'm overwhelmed with gifts? Content because of His strength, not those things. In all things, all situations, content in Him. Are you content? I think He longs to give us contentment, longs to help us feel at peace with our lot. Not satisfied with the world, not placated by gifts that aren't His, but internally content as we face what He asks us to do, or what the enemy tries to throw at us. We can do this, through Christ who gives us strength. The older and more mature I grow in Him, the more I want what only comes from His hands. Starting with contentment, the to the marrow of my bones sense that He is over all and in all in my life. Christ's strength=our contentment. What more could we wish for? Sunday, October 12, 2008 Sunday night Sunday night. Remember? I do. Even now, Sunday nights have a different feel than any other time of the week. When I was a child, Sundays were big deals. Mornings at church, followed by sports on TV, and a roast for dinner. Some Sundays, my dad took the kids up to WSU to Smith gym where the swimming pool was open to the public. We were great swimmers in our family--my youngest sister learned to swim before she learned to read, before she ever set a foot inside a school. In fact, my mom went to bat for her to get to take lessons--when she was too small to even touch the bottom of the pool. But she was fearless... Anyway, by the time we got home, still wet-headed and smelling like chlorine, the Sunday dinner was hot and smelling far better than we were. Roast, potatoes, the ubiquitous frozen vegetable--spinach, broccoli, or (please, say it isn't so!!) peas--either on their own or with carrots. Many a time I had to flush down peas with my milk, or try to spread them around on my plate in order to make it look like I'd actually eaten more than I had. It wasn't a very successful tactic, but I wasn't a quick learner when it came to peas. And far too often I was still at the table staring at those awful green pebbles after everyone else had left. Later, Dad would pop popcorn, Mom would slice some apples, and we'd settle down in front of the television in our pjs to watch Wide World of Disney. It was practically the only TV show all week that was actually for children--at least that's what my memory tells me. And it was 'must-see' TV in our house. All of these things were part of the magic of childhood for me. But Sunday nights, even after a great day, had a unique feel. A feeling of dread. Friday and Saturday nights we got to stay up a little later, but Sunday night was a school night. A school night, with all the dread I'd ignored all weekend piling up as I tried to sleep. I loved school, I really did, but that dread was real too. Remember? I suppose it was the sense that I wasn't free to do whatever I wanted to, was on someone else's timeline, had responsibilities (to get my work done, not talk to my neighbor, color within the lines, keep my desk clean). But also a feeling of hope. The chances ahead. Playing with friends I hardly saw over the weekend, maybe finally doing two whole twirls around the bare on the playground or a flip over the horse in gym. Getting to the next chapter in the book a teacher was reading--Johnny Tremaine, Charlotte's Web. There was always something ahead to look forward to, and always a feeling that I couldn't wait. When my children were little I used to tell them that school was their job. That they were learning things in school that would serve them all through their working lives. I didn't mean the actual education...I meant things like respect for authority, working hard--doing their best, being fair and kind to other students--fellow employees--no matter how they were treated. Learning to act justly and lovingly early on would impact how they'd be in out in the workforce. They dreaded Sunday nights, too, of course. And because Beve is an educator, and I was too, we still live in that rhythm. Staying up a little later Friday and Saturday, but back in the rhythm Sunday evening. Beve's often exhausted Sundays from all that he's tried to pack into the weekend. This one, for instance, he did some weeding, and mowed several lawns. And while he was up on a metal step-stool, painting trim around the windows out back, he lost his footing and fell right into the stool, then down onto the sidewalk. When he came into the house, he said, "I think I broke some ribs." By the look of the horrible bruise on his belly, I wouldn't be a bit surprised, though, of course, he didn't get it checked out. I mean, what would they do for him, anyway--besides give him pain meds! He just walked around all weekend, gritting his teeth against the pain, barely able to sleep last night. So tonight, Sunday night, he's even more exhausted--and gets to face the week this way. Ah, Beve. So Sunday night: facing the week. All the hopes and possibilities. All the fear and dread. We never know where the week will take us, do we? Beve never knows who will walk through his office door, sit down and spill their guts. But there's so much out there just waiting. And after all, we don't walk alone into the dreadful Monday. Just imagine where He might put you tomorrow. Maybe it'll be the day I finally make it three circles over that bar. Maybe I'll get to go home with someone for lunch. Maybe someone will tell me a story that I can hardly wait to hear. So happy Sunday night. Have a hope-filled Monday. Saturday, October 11, 2008 The truth of what it means to be a mom has hit me the last couple of days. See, E left her car across the Rockies when her internship with USA wrestling in Colorado Springs ended the last of August. She flew home, hoping that by the end of September there would be a job for her back in the Springs. However, with the, make that crash, of our economy, there was not the typical movement in the USOC. In fact, there were no job openings at all. So Monday, E flew back to Colorado to retrieve her car and other belongings. And Thursday she began the drive home. In theory, when she told us she'd decided to do this trip alone, rather than taking someone with her, it sounded reasonable. She wanted to take her time, stop and see friends, etc. But once she started on the road, all that theory was blasted out my window. My true maternal colors spread like autumn in the leaves. And every hour, I worried. Seriously, what was I thinking to allow a three day drive all by herself? What if she got tired? What if she blew a tire? What if her engine broke down out in the middle of Wyoming, and she was stranded on the side of an empty interstate? I have a vivid imagination, after all. And it has been my downfall more than once... She made it to Jackson, Wyoming the first night without a single glitch. Called me many times along the way, just checking in, just easing my unease. She knows me. Plus, she was a little bored driving, and I was someone to pass the time with. Her phone is hooked up (magically, it seems to me) into her stereo system, so she doesn't have to hold it to her ear, just looks like she's talking to the air as she drives. Quite a bit like me, come to think of it--I talk to God a lot while I'm driving alone. Only He knows what it looks like to occupants of other cars. But Thursday night, from her motel room, she called the Beve. Beve's E's default person, her 911. She told him that the forecast for Friday, through Montana and Wyoming was for snow. October 10, and the first significant storm of the season. "Was she anxious?" I asked him after he'd told her to just take her time, or even stay in Jackson another day or two, if it was really bad when she awoke in the morning. E drives a little Honda Civic Hybrid--really nice car, but not exactly an all-terrain vehicle. Beve told her to check in with me when she got up and going. Okay, so maybe that news made me sleepless Thursday night. Maybe I began imagining her spinning off a high mountain pass road, straight into a deep ravine, where no one would know she'd even landed, the road being so lonely and all. Barely anyone with any sense driving in such a blizzard. That's right, my mind went straight to blizzard. I could picture her with cell-phone still working, calling me...and me unable to help. I went through how I'd find state patrol for Montana, getting them on my land line, while trying to talk to a dying daughter on my cell. Yes, 2 am awake dreams are always a little hysterical--and I don't mean I was laughing! After my short post-midnight nap, which started about the time the Beve left for work at 6am, my phone rang. E! She was almost to Idaho Falls, and hadn't seen a flake of snow yet. North of her, the clouds looked a little ominous, but so far, so good. And all through the day, she kept me in the loop. She ran into the storm south of Billings, but just kept driving. Ran out of it before she got to Missoula, where she turned west toward Spokane, her destination for the weekend. As she drove through Spokane, she called me one last time, glad it was over, gleeful that she'd made the trip an hour shorter than she'd expected. Worry, like a cape, had settled on my shoulders, and in that moment, I threw it off and began to breathe more easily. Yes, I know I'm a little hyper about these things, I know worry lives in me at the cell-level, but... most of us, even if we aren't mothers, struggle with worry one way or another. Life at the moment is a rather worrisome thing in our country. Money--or lack of it--often creates worry for us. Housing prices, employment rates, they all hit us where we live. I know--I KNOW--what Jesus says about worry. How He compares us to the birds of the air, the flowers in the field. How He tells us not to worry about food, drink, clothing... Of course, I know these words, I can cite chapter and verse for them, even the summation that follows in Matthew 6. "Therefore, do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself. Each day has enough trouble of its own." Hmm, think about that with me for a minute. I wonder, after all those words about what we shouldn't worry about, if Jesus wasn't also admitting that worry is part of daily life. I mean, He says that each day has its trouble, has things that cause concern. He knows this. He knows who we are, how we're made. It's natural to be concerned about our children, natural to worry about them, even. But what will I do with that worry? Will I let it consume me--like it did for that sleepless night when I imagined the worst? Or will it be cause for prayer and ultimately, surrender. That is where I got to the other night. What helped me to sleep finally was the revelation (one I constantly have to relearn, but is also always new) that my children--and their times--are in His hands. The safest thing in life is knowing that nothing will happen to them that is outside of His rule, outside of His hands. They will not die one moment before He wills...nor will you or I. God is Sovereign. And my holding worry is the opposite of faith in that truth. So, as often as I get bogged down in it, that often I have to learn to lift my clenched fingers from their lives, and my grip on my own desires for them. He is sovereign. Amen. Thursday, October 9, 2008 The cross-shaped yoke The title of this post is a quote by Dallas Willard in the devotional I've been using lately. Such an evocative phrase, don't you think? I mean, most of us have struggled to understand what Jesus meant by, "My yoke is easy and my burden is light," when He also said, "Anyone who wants to be my disciple must take up the cross daily and follow me." How do these two things complement each other? Haven't you wondered this a time or two? Sure, there's the idea that His yoke is easy--as yokes go. That is, by definition a yoke isn't easy. It implies a weight. But this idea of a cross-shaped yoke helps me out. The thing is, we are meant not merely to be Christians, but disciples. We are meant to become more than ourselves, more than simply people who have affirmed that Jesus is the Christ, the son of God. We are meant to be changed by Him, transformed into His likeness. Jesus made disciples, not just believers. That was what He was all about with the twelve, teaching them to obey, and teaching them to teach others how to obey. It's the single goal of evangelism--not simply proclamation, but obedience. I fall short of this, both for myself, and in praying for others. That is, it's easy (well, comparatively easy) to tell people that all they have to do is believe and they will be saved. I've said these words before. And yet, I know folks who live their whole lives, claiming to be Christian, without any evidence of discipleship to back up that claim. I've wondered a time or two whether a certain person is, in fact, a Christian. Haven't you? I admit that sometimes I look at someone and think their life doesn't match what they say--when they're mean-spirited, self-involved, critical and uninterested in spiritual things--the things of the Kingdom. Then I back away from such thoughts, because I'm 'judging.' But Christ's aim is to make us 'little Christs'--Christ, 'who by the power that enables Him to bring everything under His control, will transform our lowly bodies so that they will be like His glorious body--so perhaps this is a question we need to ask. Not only about others, but with the lens of Christ firmly on ourselves as well. Are we becoming more like Him, more radiant with His glory, on our physicality, our behavior, or everything? I turn to one of my dead heroes, CS Lewis. In Mere Christianity (I just pulled out my copy, which I first read when I was a sophomore in high school. It's peppered with pink and yellow highlight, and blue ink, with words in the margins like, "Far out!" and "great!" and "Yey, Lord!". Pretty amusing from the vantage point of my advanced age now), CS Lewis says, "If conversion to Christianity make no improvement in a man's outward actions--if he continues to be just as snobbish or spiteful or envious or ambitious as he was before--then I think we must suspect that his conversion' was largely imaginative; and after one's original conversion, every time one thinks one has made an advance that is the test to apply. Fine feelings, new insights, greater interest in 'religion' mean nothing unless they make our actual behavior better...when we Christians behave badly, or fail to behave well, we are making Christianity unbelievable to the outside world." (175-176) The cross-shaped yoke, the burden of His death laid on our backs, makes a dent in the way we live, carving a new life in right in the very backbone of our lives. I don't want to be the same as I was before I knew Him; shoot, I don't want to be the same tonight as I was when I woke up this morning. I want to move every day closer to the Perfection He desires--no, demands!--for me. And yet, sitting here, I understand that I cannot do this by my will, my work, my desire. Only He who demands it, can help me achieve it. This too is the cross-shaped yoke: that I must die so that He can live in me. Surrender to the death of myself so that from glory to glory, my life is Him. So that everyday, I'm more Him than I am me. Wednesday, October 8, 2008 A question, if you please So I watched the debate last night. In the CNN pre-game show, one of the pundits, in explaining the format of the supposed townhall event (It didn't really seem very townhallish to me--too much pontificating rather than simply engaging in a back and forth with the citizens, for all that they leaned in, thanked them by name, called them--as nauseum--"my friends." But then I haven't actually ever been to a townhall meeting, so who knows what goes on there.), said that something like 6 million people had sent in email questions. Boy, did I feel out of it--I didn't even know it was an option to send in a question. And I have one. A question for both candidates. And I think it's a salient one. So I thought I'd just get it off my chest, and hope that someone out there actually has an answer. Why don't you--either of you--trust me, us, the American people, to cast our votes based on the issues? Why do you continually reduce yourselves--and us!--by running an ugly, mudslinging, character-assassinating campaign? It is NOT well-done of you. You should be above this. I expect you to be. Don't tell me it's the only way, don't tell me it's the way it's always been done. If the way it's always been done is the only way, count me out. I'll never approve. And you're both doing it. Don't you realize how important the job is? We're banking (to be punny) on you to make a difference in our lives, after all. And we're anxious to respect you. And frankly, at the moment, we're only disappointed by the mean-spirit between you. Each of you, at one point or another, claimed you weren't going to do this, and now, because you want to win, you are. You, Barack Obama, told us months ago that you wouldn't bring up the Keating Loan scandal because it wasn't germaine to the presidential race. It was old news. But here you are, making it part of the equation. And you, John McCain, I liked you better when you were sticking it to Washington instead of your opponent, when you weren't sending out your pet barracuda to bald-face lie about him "palling around with terrorists." Shame on you both. See, I have a stake in this election. I want my own life to be easier. I want this country to survive the current crisis that has left us having to work until we're in our nineties. I want things to be better for my children, for my unborn grandchildren. And I believe--honestly I do--that the office of President is larger than a person. It's a sacred trust we give when we cast our votes, a trust that whoever holds that office will care more about us than he (and it's still he) does himself, to quote the movie "Dave." You have forgotten this, I think, in the blindness of your ambition. Jesus tells us to render to Caesar--and the President is the closest thing we have to such a person--the things that are his. He was talking about money, of course. But also whatever else is due him--respect, honor, our prayers (!). And Paul confirms this in Romans when he tells us to respect those in authority. And I want to. After the last eight years, it's no easy task. There was much I haven't been able to respect lately. I'm sitting here, poised to do that. I want to believe that whoever holds this office will be a person of integrity. Don't you know this? Don't you understand that this is what we want most? Unfortunately, I've always had the feeling that the very best people to lead this country never actually apply for the job. These people don't have what it takes--the stomach for dirt--to survive a campaign. People like the Beve, like my father and father-in-law, my brothers (and my sisters, for that matter). People like my son. People like this wouldn't dream of entering the political arena because they're too humble--servants who want to make a difference by teaching, serving, telling the truth. And, tell me this, why is it that many of those who do run seem to become better people after leaving office, or losing it, or losing the campaign? Jimmy Carter, for instance, and Al Gore? Is it something about the job itself that brings out the worst in you--something about the blindness of your ambition? I had high hopes that this time--this time--with your noted pasts and soaring rhetoric, that maybe, just maybe, you would be some of the 'very best' this country has to offer. But now I'm just not sure. There's less than a month to go now. You could still redeem yourselves. Wouldn't you like to sleep better in all those hotel rooms? Wouldn't you like to look us in the eye without feeling ashamed? Can't you trust us to make an informed, reasonable choice? Give us the benefit of the doubt that we're equal to this task. At this moment, I think we care too much to be as stupid as you seem to think we are. I want to believe so, anyway. And I want you to believe it as well. After all, it's our lives you're holding, our livelihoods here, and for some, our very lives themselves. I'm going to vote, of course. I'm ready to. But please, give me a chance to vote for you at your best, not your worst. Sunday, October 5, 2008 The dogwood Looking out my front window just now, I realize that autumn is landing in our garden. The hydrangeas' leaves are just starting to turn, the maple's are already orange, and the dogwood tree's almond-shaped leaves are varigated: from still-green to tinged with pink to completely crimson. We've only had the dogwood about 4 years; this was only the third year it bloomed at all. What a glorious surprise it was that first spring--covered with snowy white blossoms. That first blooming was beautiful, but since then, it's been spectacular as more and more flowers appear. And it's just as gorgeous in the fall, its leaves a brilliant scarlet as they begin to tumble to the ground. Some people don't like deciduous trees--the mess of dead leaves is such a hassle, after all. When I was growing up, my grandparents had many deciduous trees in their backyard. I remember raking them one fall with my brother and sister, then climbing into an old sturdy apple tree and jumping into into the pile of leaves beneath. We didn't have such trees at our newly built house across the state from them, so I loved it--the raking and especially the jumping. During the summer, when the leaves are just an uninteresting green, I don't pay too much attention to the dogwood. But beneath the surface, the roots are digging deep. They're spreading and growing and creating a tree that bears such flowers, and turn out such brilliant red leaves as they die. In the winter, there's little to commend this tree. The skeleton isn't very appealing to me--it looks a little like a denuded umbrella. Even then, however, when the rains come and the fierce wind blows from the southwest, it stands against the elements, because of what is happening beneath the surface. We're like the dogwood, aren't we? There are such seasons in our lives, seasons of blooming, seasons where our leaves seem to be dying and dropping to the ground, seasons of feeling denuded and dead. (I was once even decked out in flowers--in the springtime of my life, covered in white as I walked down an aisle toward my life.) It's a part of the cycle, perhaps--even the dead times! Maybe instead of worrying about the 'autumns' in our lives, when everything feels like it's dying, we should simply trust that it's a season, that new life will come. If our roots are deep and our limbs are raised, we can survive autumn, we can withstand winter storms. It's our roots we have to worry about. "...If the root is holy, so are the branches." Romans 11:16 " do not support the root, but the root supports you." Romans 11:18b. That's it, of course. The roots are Christ. Christ in me. So no matter what the topside looks like--feels like--the root keeps me strong...grounded. "Christ in me, the hope of glory," says Colossians 1:27. The hope of glorious springtime flowers. Saturday, October 4, 2008 Tolerance: "a fair, objective and permissive attitude toward those whose opinions, practices, race, nationality, religion, etc. differ from one's own. Freedom from bigotry." The other day, J got into a discussion with some co-workers/friends about the issue of abortion. Now my son doesn't back away from arguments very often, even when he's in the minority. And in this group, he was definitely in the minority. The question, he said, is based on when life begins. Then he talked about what churches believe. And a girl interrupted him to say, "This has nothing to do with church." She was angry, which made J very frustrated. He told us, "She tried to tell me that Christians are intolerant, but she was far less tolerant than I was." I've had this same kind of experience--being accused, without any evidence, of being narrow-minded simply because I profess Jesus as Lord. These accusations have come from people, who, in my mind, are exhibiting the very intolerance of which they accuse Christians. A couple days later, after a small incident at school, Beve told me he had a great sharing question for his early morning 'coffee klatch,' a group of teachers who congregate in his office an hour or more before school starts. These teachers always have lively discussions as they sit on Beve's couch and get energized. It's Beve's favorite part of the day. I've often wanted to stop by, just to join the conversation, but 6:00 am is far too early for me to be coherent. Anyway, his conversation starter was, "In what ways are you intolerant?" Wow, what a great question, I think. And, I knew instantly where my biggest biases lie. It has to do with education. Specifically, I have an instinctive reaction to people who do not speak correctly, because it sounds like a lack of education, as well as simple laziness. I'm not talking about accents, because different parts of the country also use words differently. But using improper grammar, sounding 'folksy' and peppering one's conversation with idioms and slang (not to mention curse words) annoys me deeply. In fact, it bothers me so much that I instinctively tune out the speaker, and stop taking them seriously. And I was struck by this propensity of mine to judge a person by their ability to speak the other night during the VP debate. The folksy, downhome way the Alaskan governor spoke increasingly annoyed me as I listened to her. After a while, I stopped being able to hear the content of her words because I was so aware of how she drops final consonant sounds, how she uses 'Yeah,' and 'you know,' and said, "Joe six-pack" as a way to describe middle-class men. And said, "Say it ain't so, Joe," to Joe Biden... It made her seem hickish to me. Based on nothing more than language. To be completely transparent, I always think I'm smarter than such a person... Admitting this doesn't mean I'm liable to change very easily. I was raised in a rather cerebral, academic family. In my family, education is prime. Both of my grandfathers were college profs, as well as my dad (and father-in-law). My mom was a teacher. I remember conversations with my parents when I was a long ways away from marriage that it would be difficult for them if we married people who hadn't gone to college. It was taken for granted that we would be college graduates ourselves. And I'm not talking about community college, either. No, a 4-year liberal arts university was the only option for my parents' children. Six years ago when E was a high school senior, she dutifully applied to six or so (I honestly can't remember now) different colleges. She was accepted into every place she applied. But after looking at these schools, making a tentative plan, she found out she could play basketball for our local community college. And suddenly everything changed. The chance to play a couple years longer--it was like a dream come true. When she told us it was what she wanted to do, the Beve, a college hoopster as well, was instantly supportive. I, on the other hand, was quite conflicted about it. It was easy to understand why she'd want to go that route. Athletic careers end all too soon for most people. The opportunity to extend it was very appealing. But, it was community college. And in my family, not quite acceptable. During that same spring, Beve was interviewed by our local paper about educational options after high school, the fall E started at the community college. He told the interviewer that to my family--my mom, particularly--it was like we'd allowed E to go into prostitution. Oddly (or maybe not), that quote made the paper. Looking back, I can see clearly how it was the right decision for E in every way. Her career choice changed as a result of the leadership opportunities she had at WCC, her athletic career ended gracefully, and she learned many intangibles in those two years. Plus, it cost her nothing--NOTHING--to go to community college, after all her talent awards were given. The thing about intolerance is that we close our minds to any way but the one we know. We become smaller and smaller. It's like Jesus eating with the tax-collector. The masses couldn't believe He would associate with such a sinner. But that tax-collector not only gave his life to following Jesus, but was used by Him to write down the story of Jesus' life and ministry. The amazingly learned gospel of Matthew, written by one who had walked with Jesus, been saved by Him, and understood how the scriptures had been fulfilled by Him. He was used by God, Matthew was. And who knows who God will use in my life? Who knows what it takes for any person to be His instrument? When I hear Christ's voice in my head, He speaks in English, with perfect diction. Pretty ridiculous, when I stop to think about it. Jesus spoke aramaic. He certainly didn't go to university. Perhaps, though I hate to admit it, I'd be put off by His language as well. Perhaps I am so busy listening to the way people speak that I don't listen to what they have to say. So busy cringing, correcting, judging, I miss something far more important, like truth. It's possible. Change my heart, oh God. Let me overcome my own heritage, my own biases. Overpower my weakness in this area. Please, Lord. Friday, October 3, 2008 Pascal and Puddleglum I've been thinking about the Narnia Chronicles a lot lately. About how those books clarify our situation as believers, about the theology submerged in story that works in us as we read. Today the episode that is working in me, illuminating my day, is contained in The Silver Chair. One of my favorite Narnians is Puddleglum, a marshwiggle--which is a creature with "very long legs and arms...fingers that are webbed like a, if it could be called that, which hung over his ears, [that] was greeny-grey, and each lock was flat rather than round so that they were like tiny reeds." Puddleglum is the ultimate pessimist, always certain that even if it's nice weather today, a rainshower is right over the horizon, that every choice made will result in catastrophe. But for all that, he's a champion of Narnia, and is the true hero of this story. Puddleglum, and two children, Eustace and Jill, are given the charge (by a lion Jill meets but doesn't recognize) to find the kidnapped Narnian prince, Rilian. Many wrong turns, poor choices and misreading of signs dog their steps, but ultimately, they find themselves far under the earth, in a place called Underland, facing the tyrant witch holding the prince hostage, whom they rescue from the witch's enchantment. The witch is cunning and manipulative, and the children and Puddleglum are practically sucked in. But Puddleglum, in the last moment, steps on fire--gives himself a jolt of pain, in order to think clearly, "There's nothing like a good shock of pain for dissolving certain kinds of magic," Lewis says. The fire--and resulting pain--allows Puddleglum to know exactly what he really believes: "All you've been saying is quite right, I shouldn't wonder. I'm a chap who always liked to know the worst and then put the best face I can on it...But there's one thing more to be said, even so. Suppose we have only dreamed, or made up, all those things--trees and grass and sun and moon and stars and Aslan himself. Suppose we have. Then all I can say is that, in that case, the made-up things seem a good deal more important than the real ones. Suppose this black pit of a kingdom of yours is the only world. Well, it strikes me as a pretty poor one. And that's a funny thing, when you come to think of it. We're just babies playing a game, if you're right. But four babies playing a game can make a play-world which licks your real world hollow. That's why I'm going ot stand by the play world. I'm on Aslan's side even if there isn't any Aslan to lead it. I'm going to live like a Narnian as I can even if there isn't any Narnia. So...we're leaving your court at once and setting out in the dark to spend our lives looking for [it]." Profound. What Lewis is getting to here is Blaise Pascal's wager: "You must wager; it is not optional...Let us weigh the gain and loss in wagering that God exists...If you gain, you gain all; if you lose, you lose nothing. Wager then, without hesitation, that he exists." Sometimes, in our darkest hours, it feels like we're in the Underland, a world where there is no light, no joy, only drudgery and dullness. And in truth, this earth on which we live, has elements of such a place. Enemy-territory, in fact. And our faith gets dull as well. Until fire hurts us and we have a moment of truth. Interesting, isn't it, that pain is the vehicle through which clarity comes. I have often found this to be the case. Pain in this life makes us recognize that we aren't completely at home here. As the writer of Hebrews tells us: we are living in a country not our own, looking all the time for our true home. Our heavenly home. The 'Overland', as Lewis calls it. Pascal and Puddleglum remind me to choose. Remind me that living like a disciple of Jesus gives me nothing to lose and everything to gain. So, even doubt-laced, I make the choice, again and again, to live like a citizen of Heaven. I make the choice for Jesus Christ. I will live this life staked on His promise. Because my life is more plumb, more square, more true, for living this way. Living as a slave to righteousness, in enemy-held territory. Once such words of Faith are spoken, I feel a clearing of the cobwebs, a lightening of the weight of doubt. He is. HE is. HE IS.. Thursday, October 2, 2008 Jumping off bridges I've been thinking lately about doubt--about the fact that none of us, on the earthside of eternity, are immune from it. We live in human skin, after all, and not until we're in our new unblemished bodies will we see face to face. And only then. Lately, there's been a dryness in my soul that is the breeding ground for doubt. From little ones to more ontological ones. God seems distant, silent, perhaps uninterested in my puny life. And my life has taught me that these periods are far more difficult that seasons of suffering. It's always been true for me that during real struggle, He adds a measure of grace. But these moments, when my prayers seem to bounce off the ceiling, His absence is like an open wound. It makes me think of a conversation I had with my mother the spring before my dad died. He hadn't been feeling well, but despite test after test, nothing had been discovered to account for it. My dad wasn't a person who complained often or easily, so it was taken seriously that he felt weak and sickly. My mother, of course, was VERY worried. One day when I was talking to her on the phone, I asked her, "What's the worst thing that could happen?" She was hesitant to voice 'the worst thing', but I pressed her until she said, "He could die." "Yes," I said. "Then you'd be separated for a little while--him in heaven, you here on earth. But after that, you'd both be with God. Can you handle that?" She answered that she thought she could. Later that day, my dad called to thank me for helping Mom feel better. I asked if she'd told him what I'd made her admit, and she hadn't. So I told him. We had a good conversation about him dying, though I'm sure neither of us actually thought he would--at least not in the immediate future. Three months later, however, he lay in a hospital bed in ICU, with his death a very real probability. I asked him if I could pray with him, and he said, "Oh yes!" After we prayed, I told him I thought Mom was being very strong (a surprising thing to me, actually...). "She'll be fine until it's over," Dad answered. "What do you mean?" I asked, though I knew and he knew I knew as I backed away from the bed. He looked at me carefully for a moment, his blue eyes clear and very much alive. Then he said gently, "I mean when I'm better, she'll fall apart." It wasn't what he meant to say, what he wanted to say. He expected me to be able to talk about his death, given our conversation three months earlier, but I couldn't bear it. My fear overwhelmed my faith--for him and for myself. I've kicked myself often for pulling away from that conversation. The reality is that he was afraid as well, but was still being my dad and protecting me from my own fear. My own doubts. And trust me, despite my love of Jesus, my surrender to Him as Lord of my life, in that moment, I wasn't sure what I believed about death. Not when it came to the death of my dad. He died the next morning, never having had the chance to talk about what was coming. He died with the window shade wide open to a sunny day on earth. And my biggest regret was that I didn't talk with him about the Son shining where He was going. I can tell you, I'll never back away from such a moment again. The thing is, we were created with gravity in place. Our feet are held firmly to earth. And this planet is all we actually know. I cannot remember before my life, my sight isn't clear enough to see ahead to heaven. What I have is now. Every moment as it comes. I think if it was otherwise, if we really grasped what it will be like to be in the Throne room of the King, in the Father's house where there are many rooms for us, we'd be jumping off bridges to get there. He meant it to be a mystery, to be what we know by faith and not by sight. My life is based on the faith that Jesus of Nazareth was telling the truth. That's it. If He was telling the truth, if He was who He claimed to be, then I am secure--in this life, and in the life I'm waiting for. If He was telling the truth, there is hope. If He was a liar, there is none. And put that baldly, it's a tremendous risk, this life of faith I live. Trusting the word of a man who lived 2000 years ago, who claimed to be God. But I do believe Him. And even when doubts rear their ugly heads, I still them with His name. I don't live easily with my doubts--with the absence that seems more real than His presence-- but I do live with them. And say, as the man who wanted Jesus to heal his son, "I do believe, help me overcome my unbelief." "Do not be deceived, Wormwood. Our cause is never more in danger than when a human, no longer desiring, but still intending, to do our Enemy's will, looks round upon a univers from which every trace of Him seems to have vanished, and asks why he has been forsaken, and still obeys." CS Lewis, The Screwtape Letters, ch. 8
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60273	You Are So Selfish! Or Are You? An unfortunate side effect of living in a society is the confusion around being selfish vs. what is necessary self-care. For most of us, we are taught that they are one in the same. And if I had one wish, it would be for the word "selfish" be banned from everyone's vocabulary. When we call someone selfish, we are ultimately asking someone to not care for themselves over caring for us. We are, in fact, being incredibly selfish in calling someone selfish. To say someone is selfish is always a form of manipulation. In calling a person selfish, you hope they will stop doing what they wish to do and do what you want instead. Can you see how selfish that is?? Self-care is really lacking in our culture. We just don't know how to do it. We learn to take care of each other, but no one teaches us how to do it for ourselves. We may know how to handle basic hygiene (bathing, brushing our teeth, going to the doctor), but the really big issues, like handling intense feelings, financial stability, regulating our biological needs through inner-guidance....well...these are mostly foreign concepts. We turn to others, we turn OUTWARD, when these things need attention. Wouldn't it make sense for me to become obsessed with my own self-care? Wouldn't I ultimately be so fortified and energized that when I do meet you, I can give my very best to you? And should you not need me, my best or otherwise, we can simply meet and take each other as whole and complete people. Without agendas. Without manipulation. Without needing anything from one another. That's self-sufficiency. That's the ultimate in societal care. Selfish in the pursuit of the kindest thing we can do for one another. From "You Are So Selfish" and Back to "Work Stress Articles"?
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60274	4th Grade Math Addition Worksheets 4th Grade Math Addition Worksheets via 4th Grade Math Worksheets 4th Grade Math Worksheets via Printable Division Worksheets Grade 4 Printable Division s Grade 4 via Multiplication Worksheets Grade 2 Multiplication s Grade 2 via Math Addition Worksheets 2nd Grade Math Addition s 2nd Grade via 4th Grade Math Worksheet Packet 4th Grade Math Packet via We are just like you, people which are highly honor original idea from every one, no exception! That is the reason we always keep the original images without any editing including the watermark. Every pictures gallery we publish are always carrying the original website link where it belongs to be below each images. Many message came to us about the proper right in relation with the photos on our gallery. In case you want to know your right, you must contact the website on each photos, actually we cannot decide your right. Always remember, if there is no watermark does not mean the pictures can be freely used without permission.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60287	Mi nah mind no wuckless man - Be a real man Buffilous_DancehallSexyGirls.jpgThis one's for you Luv. Yes, Luv. You me a talk! Yu tek me car, mi expensive jewellery and yu nah return it. Mi no care if dem waan call me Ms. Tekky Back, mi no cater, mi nah mind no wuckless man. How yu a buy yu woman new Infinity and yu nah handle yu responsibility dem? You were there for me when I was in hell, but now, nothing is swell, 'cause you're a goddamn bastard. Mi no know how on hell I thought you were a REAL man, and you dress like you're stuck in the goddamn 70s, get up to the time with your s__t and yo' btch. You need to tell your Infinity btch that you are a negligent, trifling man. Expect a summons, expect a call...as a matter of fact, expect any-bl&&&--ting, but something coming. Mi sorry mi used to sneak out and give yu it pon the side 'cause when I check it out, you were never really worth my time. Step up and be a real man and face your responsibilities, and by the way, mi know weh yu gal live, mi have yu full file and address, remember, I am just being respectful, doan play yourself around this b*tch! I really thought you were a friend, but you're an enemy of mine, when I look in your left eye, all I see is hatred. Imagine, the yute dem ah go hungry and yu a buy gal Infinity, yes, people, US$30,000 plus Infinity, and my money no forward yet. Wha do diss dutty bwoy? Yu need fi go back ah Plum Valley wid dat de behaviour de. If yu nuh wise up, mi ah go post yu picture pon dontdatethisdeadbeatnigga.com. Oh, and mi waan back mi tings dem. The jewellery. The car. And the title fi the next car. Memba!
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60291	Basic Info Name: Harvard Drug Group Address: 28 Cain Dr»YPState Generation Suffix: LabelName:Harvard Drug Group Detailed Address LastName:Harvard Drug Group Address Number:28 Address Suffix:Dr Address Street:Cain The info: 'Harvard Drug Group' is released by the user, we does not guarantee the accuracy of it and any results produced with this info unrelated to ypstate.com. » Browse Murray Yellow Pages By Zip Detailed Introduction Welcome to you. Here is Harvard Drug Group's network card.Last Name is Harvard Drug Group.we warmly welcome your visit! This is Harvard Drug Group's address:28 Cain Dr.Address Number is 28.Address Street is Cain.Zip is 42071. A friend is a loving companion at all times. Harvard Drug Group give you endless brand-new good wishes. Please accept them as a new remembrance of our lasting friendship. Wish you have a good day and work smoothly.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60298	"archy" explores modularization outside of XHTML 22:16, 29 Mar 2000 UTC \| Simon St.Laurent Murray Altheim announced the release of preliminary versions of "archy", a framework for building modular DTDs, and "instance karma", an XSLT stylesheet that creates a DTD from an XML file. Both tools create DTDs which use the conventions outlined in the W3C Working Draft Building XML Modules. archy, available in versions 1.0 and a namespace-aware 1.1, provides four core elements which may be reused, remodeled, or replaced as the designer finds necessary. archy is a framework, not a program, which "uses a set of naming conventions such that DTDs created using archy are highly predictable, maintainable, and extensible." Effectively, archy provides a foundation for testing how well the approach used by XHTML 1.1 can be applied to other structures. instance karma provides an alternate route for designers to build DTDs that use the conventions of XHTML. While instance karma doesn't yet build separate modules, it can take a simple XML document instance, one with some extra attributes defining information about the DTD to be created, and create a shell DTD. This foundation can then be combined with other modules from XHTML, archy, or instance karma, without having to create all the necessary structures by hand. xmlhack: developer news from the XML community Front page \| Search \| Find XML jobs Related categories
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60300	Salvador late or early by sandra cisneros essay Similarly, in "Barbie-Q" Cisneros attacks artificial feminine stereotypes that are epitomized in every Barbie doll. The satire is so subtle that one is led to believe the girls and perhaps even her parents do not see the films as stereotypes that limit their ability to be accepted in the white world, but the reader is obviously meant to. What particularly defines this story is the acceptance of masculine suffering as well as feminine. We drag these bodies around with us, these bodies that have nothing at all to do with you, with me, with who we really are, these bodies that give us pleasure and pain. Only girls and one father who is never home hardly and one mother who says Ay! Cisneros moves through a paradigm of feminine life—childhood, adolescence, adulthood—exploring avenues of possible escape, possible identity. This is a world without men, where the fathers are drunk or absent, the mothers are left to raise the children alone and the only possible salvation is a sisterhood that more often than not fails. They must become the "authors" of their own fate. Ingesting the pain of her world by facing it head-on gives her strength and the will to persevere: The stories continue in this vein, establishing aspects of an archetypal Chicana female identity. When a writer claims to identify with a character to the extent that she wakes up unsure who is who, one can assume that that character is going to speak deeply and come as close to the truth as fiction can come to the truth of the human heart. She sees the small boy inside Zapata, the boy thrust unprepared into leadership and war; she sees the bodies of the federale corpses hanging in the trees, drying like leather, dangling like earrings; she sees her father, who once turned his back on her, placed with his back against the wall, ready for the firing squad. Again Cisneros gives the reader narrators who speak in subtle satire, exposing the multiple layers of danger faced by She takes the deepest pain inside herself and through it claims the power of her own identity. I think it would be fun to sleep with sisters you could yell at one at a time or all together, instead of alone on the fold out chair in the living room. Cisneros believes women must overcome and change their worlds from the inside out. It is men whose theories and intellectual models have defined women as flawed, but it is also women who perpetuate that myth by buying Barbies for their daughters, in essence supporting male theory through their actions. The responsibility of both men and women for the system that keeps women confined in partial identity is a theme Cisneros will return to again and again. Perhaps exploring a similar situation from a different angle, "Salvador Late or Early" examines a social system that is not inherently feminine, but because of the absence of masculine figures one must assume its problems and their solutions are left to the resources of women. Then we see a little of what is called heaven. All clinging to the tail of the horse of our jefe Zapata. She is able to see both worlds and, more importantly, understands how the pain of both worlds is merely a manifestation of the same disease—a failure of love. Salvador Late or Early The Lights go on. She indicts everyone for the common failure of not protecting children from the horrors of the adult world. The overall theme of these stories is the vulnerability of the mostly female narrators; their world is defined externally to them. Each of the earlier pieces is independent of the others, yet as whole sections they define specific areas of adversity—specifically feminine adversity. And we can forgive, finally. The union of gender, and gender-based ideologies, is essential to the strong, feminine characters of the later stories of Woman Hollering Creek, because for Cisneros it is necessary to include masculine suffering to achieve a total synthesis. Ultimately, the female characters who escape this system are those who have assimilated characteristics of both sexes.Notes for "Salvador Late or Early" Rhetorical Analysis Avoid the author, uses, and audience Sandra Cisneros immediately connects her audience to young Salvador in “Salvador Late or Early” by appealing to emotions of sympathy and empathy. Salvador is more like a parent than a sibling to his brothers and sisters, yet he is neglected, and. "Salvador Late or Early" and "Mericans", both written by Sandra Cisneros, are stories that illustrate childhood experiences, narrated directly from the point of view of a child. “Salvador Late or Early” Sandra Cisneros Salvador with eyes the color of caterpillar, Salvador of the crooked hair and crooked teeth, Salvador whose name the teacher cannot remember, is a boy who is no one’s friend, runs along somewhere in that vague direction. Nov 14, · salvador late or early by sandra cisneros essay Sergey Dyadishchev. Sandra Cisneros Cisneros, Sandra (Short Story Criticism) - Essay Sandra Cisneros: salvador late or early essay - Duration. Lesson: Open Response: Short Story: Salvador. Michaela Crowley Boston Preparatory Charter Public School Hyde Park, MA Views. 27 Downloads. 5 Favorites 7th grade ELA Open Response Main Idea “Salvador Late or Early” by Sandra Cisneros. Do Now Review (5) Do Now Answers #1=b. Salvador, Late or Early by Sandra Cisneros Salvador with eyes the color of caterpillar, Salvador of the crooked hair and crooked teeth, Salvador whose name the teacher cannot remember, is a boy who is no one’s friend, runs along somewhere in that vague direction where homes are the color of bad weather, lives behind a raw wood doorway, shakes. Salvador late or early by sandra cisneros essay Rated 4/5 based on 58 review
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60357	Amadeus cookies policy - you'll see this message only once. Naming Excel Worksheets with BY Group Values Many SAS users know about the ODS TAGSETS.EXCELXP destination used to create Excel Workbooks from SAS output. It is sometimes a requirement to generate one Worksheet per BY group of data processed in SAS. The following example shows how to create one report for each value found in the variable SEX is used to create one report for each value ods listing close; ods tagsets.excelxp file="stocks.xml" proc sort data=sashelp.stocks out=stocks; by stock; run; title1 "The Stock Table"; title2 "From the SASHELP Library"; proc report data=stocks nofs missing; by stock; column date--adjclose; define date / display order order=internal; run; title; ods _all_ close; ods listing; The keyword #byval1 informs SAS to place the value from the first BY variable as the sheet name. A new sheet will be created for each value in the BY variable. Note the #byval and #byvar keywords can be used whenever SAS steps are by-group processing, not just with ExcelXP tagsets. I encourage your reading on these areas. The option suppress_bylines='yes' stops SAS writing the current BY group value as a title. As the option embedded_titles='yes' requests that SAS writes any titles into each sheet in the workbook.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60378	Skip to Content Opportunity Process Types not available Hello experts, I have a quite annoying problem: I creates a few new opportunity process types an did all the customizing for order objects. In SAP GUI transaction CRMD_ORDER I can select the new process types when I create a new order object. When I click the "New" button in view BT111S_OPPT/Result header toolbar, a popup gets opened where the process types should be displayed but the table in the popup is empty. For some reason the new opportunity types are not available even if I customized them well and they can be created in SAP GUI without any problem. Does anybody of you have an idea what can be the reason for this problem? Best regards, Former Member Former Member replied Hi Aramat, thanks for your help. I found the problem in the meantime: There was a problem copying the navbar profile so that the generic outbound plug assingnments were missing. Now I copied from SLS-PRO navbar profile again und not the process types are available in the popup. Best regards, 0 View this answer in context Helpful Answer
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60379	Skip to Content Property file I have a requirement, i need to identify receivers using property what are the parameters should be passed in property file.. I also verified this blog But regarding parameters to be given in property file i am not clear with that blog. Can any one explain me with detail steps.. Former Member Helpful Answer
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60380	Skip to Content Change Installation Server May I know how to change the source of the installation server? Let's say the sapgui installation server is set up on machineA. Then a failure happens on machineA, another sapgui installation server is set up on machineB. my question: 1) what happen to those computers that are earlier installed using the installation server from machineA? 2) how to let these computers get updates from machineB? Former Member Helpful Answer
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60381	Skip to Content Posting change STATUS CHANGE I have a posting change notice created a while before and now i cant process as i dont have stock for the material.So wat is the best way to clear off that notice. 1.If i do the status change in LU02 ,does it affects anything or gimme any possible suggestions. Former Member Helpful Answer
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60382	Work Header Work Text: It had taken him years to pinpoint the precise aspect of her being which grated most on his nerves. In his naive and impressionable youth the answer to that riddle would have been the simple fact of her existence: her dirty and inferior self attempting to usurp himself and his betters. Draco Malfoy knew better now. In fact, he rather thought he knew her better now, contrary to what she might have thought on the matter. Granger liked to think of herself as exceptionally complicated, but she was still a female, in spite of one's natural perception that she lacked such feminine qualities. It was easy to forget this fact because of the way she reprimanded everyone in sight, not unlike Madame Pince at the Hogwarts' library. In fact, he rather thought the latter was more in touch with that aspect of nature than Granger was. Time spent around the bumbling fools that were her friends had certainly contributed. In any case, Draco liked to think of himself as a reader of people, as opposed to the endless tomes in which she sought study and knowledge. This was a wonderful trait to have, and he had put it to great use in his youth. After all, the mocking of others was never as effective as when one could really tap into what would sting the most. And one of the fundamentals of human nature, he knew, was that exposure to the cause of one's annoyances usually wore one down over time, exhausted one to the point of acceptance. Draco knew this because he had felt that same level of disinterest befall him as regards to other irritating people. Somehow, miraculously, he had learned to be unaffected by them, and even—with certain undesirables like Harry Potter, saviour of the universe—be civil. So it disturbed him greatly that he was able to put up with someone like Potter—whom he had so detested—albeit in small doses, and yet Granger's ability to get under his skin never ceased. In fact, it increased, swelling up within him like a communicable disease. It seemed that exposure to Hermione Granger over time had only unveiled an entirely new array of irritations for him to deal with. This was precisely why narrowing down the ultimate vexation among an ever-increasing list was rather like a job in and of itself. But Draco was tenacious, and he had expended the necessary mental energy into the solving of said riddle. And as he leaned back in his Ministry-issued desk-chair and stared across the mountain of paperwork before him, to behold the woman in question, he was struck with realisation. Her presumption. That's what it was that irked him so. It was her presumption that she knew the answer to any and all questions, that she embodied everything that was right and just in the world, which drove him to the ever-increasing temptation to lock her in a cupboard and personally ingest the key to ensure she'd never escape. He rather thought this was understandable. Any poor sod who had sat and listened, against his will, to her utterly ignorant and absurd tirades about Elfish Welfare would surely agree with his consensus. He could probably even do a survey around their department to establish just how many people were not annoyed by such incessant and irrelevant babbling. He felt quite certain that there was no conceivable way straight-laced Hermione Granger had any idea what he was thinking. If she had, she certainly would have reconsidered her previous appraisal of him. Draco's slightly disturbing preoccupation with the aforementioned Muggle-born had started some years before when, after the War, both he and Granger—as well as several other Hogwarts' students from his year level—had sought jobs at the Ministry. They both ended up in the Department of International Magical Co-operation by some unfortunate turn of events: Granger, no doubt due to her renowned ideology that Wizard folk the world over could live in happy harmony, and Draco because he had a point to prove. Unlike the ever-pristine Granger, Draco Malfoy had a tarnished reputation: the result of a father who valued power too much to consider the implications it would have on his family, and Draco's own naïve illusions of the glory of being a Death Eater. Those illusions had been shattered after his experiences with the Dark Lord during his later years in Hogwarts. Well and truly shattered. His late father had achieved notoriety, if nothing else. In any case, Draco had, over the five years since the war, managed a co-operative—at best—relationship between himself and those he had so despised at Hogwarts. Potter and Weasley, both Aurors, were as desperately irritating as they had ever been—but fortunately for Draco he rarely had to see them, with the exception of the red-haired buffoon's frequent visitations to one Hermione Granger, his beloved fiancée. This brought Draco back, with a shuddering jolt, to his original grievance. A grievance, which had, up until a few minutes ago, been smugly adjusting papers on her desk: papers, he knew, which related to yet another one of her infernal schemes that had been approved by the Head of their department. Merlin knew she could be so swotty when she wanted. A sneer crept upon his features as he surveyed her from his desk. She had that infuriating glow upon her skin, the one which he had noted only ever arose when things had gone entirely her way. Draco was familiar with this expression because, in a post-war Ministry in which she—as a close friend to Potter—had a lot of clout, this was a frustratingly frequent occurrence. And though she thought, no doubt, that she rose above all the less altruistic souls around her, he never missed the gleam of triumph in her eyes when she cast them toward him. If this was true, and Pansy had figured out the path to a meaningful relationship at the tender age of 14, then Draco surmised perhaps that was why none of his own relationships had lasted. After all, he'd never put much stock in boats, given their propensity for sinking. Draco was still watching her as he reflected upon all of these things, and noted, as she gathered her various effects, the soft expression on her face as she bit into her lower lip. It was a fact he had recently come to acknowledge, in the deep recesses of his mind—never to be spoken aloud or acted upon—but there were moments, when Granger was not talking, that she could be, well, attractive. Caught as he was in such inexplicable musings, he noticed her look up at him inquisitively and he raised a brow in response. She huffed at that—as she was prone to do—and stormed off with the abnormally long-limbed Weasley lagging behind. Her curls danced and her sensible skirt swished about her knees as she stalked off with a click of her heels. And Draco knew that he had yet again been paying far too much attention. She hoped fervently that the latter had not noticed her rage and preoccupation, because she was not at all in the mood for another argument about how she spent too much time reacting to Malfoy's baiting. In truth, Hermione found such suggestions from her fiancé to be utterly absurd, given his own predisposition toward rising to said man's bait. But she also knew from experience that Ron liked to disregard such hypocrisies when it accommodated him. In fact, neither of them spoke a word until they had each tumbled through the fireplace of her small house and brushed off the residual soot: an inevitable repercussion of travelling by the Floo network. Hermione would have hoped that those few moments would have alleviated the particularly aggressive response she felt toward Malfoy this evening. It had not. In fact, she couldn't even pinpoint the reason for her specific grievance with him today. Some people were naturally obnoxious, she knew, and he happened to be one of those special few with an innate ability to enrage the people around him. This was something that she had thought she'd overcome after several years of working in his very near presence. Unfortunately, however, the urge to throw inanimate objects in his direction had only increased overtime. It was a visceral sort of aggravation that he caused in her, and a frequent one at that. This was the primary cause for Ron's increasing visits to her department, and his complaints that she brought up the other man too often. Personally, Hermione thought his objections strange, given how much he detested Malfoy also. And in any case, she didn't really think she brought him up in conversation that often. Instead of making one of his usual snide remarks, however, he had sat there staring at her for exactly 11 minutes. She could only begin to imagine the steady stream of insults that cropped up in his his thoughts. Ordinarily she might have thought it better not to hear his insults, but she tended to appreciate knowing what he was thinking at any given time, however unflattering such thoughts inevitably were. In truth, Hermione knew that such preoccupations were ridiculous. The disdain she and Malfoy felt for one another was ingrained after more than a decade of mutual dislike. She didn't expect him to suddenly like her, or at the very least, treat her with some level of respect. But, for whatever reason, she had always been particularly susceptible to his insults. It wasn't because they were astoundingly witty, whatever he might think on the matter, or even especially innovative. The issue was really that they were pointedly directed at her, and only her. Every other female, no matter what they were like—old or young, pretty or unattractive, slow or clever —received either appreciative glances, bland looks of curiosity or were outright ignored, based purely on his assessment of them. Hermione, however, was the only one to be singled out quite the way she was. She told herself repeatedly that she would have delighted in being ignored by him, such a reprieve it would be from the relentless tormenting. It wasn't as though she wanted him to suddenly show an interest in her the way he did with other young women—ones without obvious facial deformities. After all, she had Ron, her fiancé whom she loved and was entirely focused on. Ron was humble and warm, and she found him very attractive. It didn't matter to her that he didn't look like Draco Malfoy did, because there was a lot of substance beneath Ron's skin, unlike Malfoy. And it wasn't as though she was attracted to Malfoy anyway, so the comparison was absurd. She flushed a little at that train of thought, unaware of the weary look upon the face of the man before her—the one she ought to be thinking about. "Hermione!" Her name, and the highly offensive imprecation which followed, caught her attention. Ron was looking at her with an expression of exasperation. Honestly, she thought, she'd had enough of brutish males for one lifetime. "Don't talk to me like that," she huffed, as she tried to recall just what he had been talking about. "You weren't even listening to me!" His tone was loud and she jumped, startled at the underlying anger there. "It's him again, isn't it? Isn't it, Hermione?" "I don't know what you—" "—talking about him… Malfoy this, Malfoy that… Malf—" "You're always—" She interrupted him quickly, acutely conscious of the direction the conversation would take, based on previous very similar incidents. It was ridiculous that even in his absence Draco Malfoy was managing to ruin her life and her relationships. He would have revelled in that fact. She wouldn't let him, though. "I know," she said, in her best appeasing tone, which truthfully wasn't all that good. "I'm sorry, Ron. He just… never mind, I won't let him. No more." She nodded her head, resolve forming in her gut. "Just fix it," he muttered, before giving her a very serious look and storming out the front door. She would turn a blotchy shade of red, which he always mistook for a blush, and which she knew was in fact a direct result of the inordinate restraint it took not to leap on the git and clobber him with a paperweight. The mere act of thinking about him, and the intent expression on his face today, the blazing quality of his eyes upon her, made her want to claw her way out of her own skin. It wasn't right for a person to have eyes like that. They were disturbing: a molten sort of silver, flecked with shades of dark and ashy grey. They seared right through a person. They seared right through her. And that, she knew, was part of her problem. She was far too fixated on Malfoy, and it wasn't healthy. He was suspicious. Extraordinarily suspicious. Draco was seated in one of the plush executive chairs that took its place around the department's boardroom table. His thoughts should have been on the discussion of the impending visit from Romania's Minister of Magic. They were not. They were instead focussed solely on the task of interpreting Hermione Granger's recent personality alteration. Frankly, she was disturbing him greatly. That very morning as she had hurried passed his desk, she had smiled brightly and reminded him of the meeting. And that was it. No smug smile or snotty remarks. No ‘I-know-best' glances of superiority. Draco was utterly bewildered. There was a stirring reaction to that scent, and to her, with which he was entirely uncomfortable. He inched away and tugged, subtly he hoped, at his collar. The room, which was in fact rather large and airy, suddenly had the stifling and suffocating quality of a two-by-two cell in Azkaban. It was also very, very warm. He coughed then, turning his gaze from her and toward the plain white walls. He thought about Weasley's ugly mug, about the beast that was Granger's cat. And none of it sufficed. It would have to though, because he could honestly not think of a single thing worse than getting an erection in a meeting, and over Granger's scent no less. He was male. It was one of the unfortunate aspects of his sex, being aroused by inane things at unexpected times. It had happened to him far too many times to count, and perhaps once or twice with reference to her. Mostly he had put that down to a weird glitch, some accidental reminder from her about something else, something more… appealing. On this occasion, however, he feared that the cause of the tightness of his groin, blessedly concealed by the wooden table and his well-tailored trousers, was not so innocuous. It was after a few minutes of staring at the whiteness of the wall and tuning back into the mundane flow of words from those asking questions of their Head of department, that he managed to calm the unwanted thrumming in his body. The relief was short lived, for his attention was called by the squeaking of her seat beneath her, when Granger shifted about. His gaze fell on her lower half as she crossed her legs. He noted the way she was fiddling with the hem of her skirt—which was by no means inappropriately short (inappropriately long actually, if one came down to it)—but now he was looking at her legs. Her legs! It was ridiculous, Granger didn't have legs. A very concerning, strangled sort of noise was wrenched from his throat, which caused her to turn and look at him inquisitively. Draco rubbed his temple and ignored her. He was ill. He knew it now. He was clearly very, very unwell. What she had not anticipated, however, was the sudden change in his own behaviour. She would have expected him to go to even greater lengths to annoy her now that it was clear she intended to rise above his pettiness. He'd done nothing of the sort. In all the years she had known him, despite all the mutual dislike and disdain, he had never, ever, ignored her. But that was exactly what he was doing now. She hated it. Hermione could not begin to fathom what his particular problem was now. In fact she much preferred when he was tormenting her incessantly because at least then she had an inkling of what he was thinking. Now all she could expect from him were dark looks and grunted responses. The sole reason she had changed her attitude—with much difficulty—to him was to prevent him from getting to her. She didn't want to think about him and the many ways he annoyed her. She didn't want to analyse him. What she wanted above all else was to have her life fall back into place. There seemed to be no one around her that was behaving as expected. She blamed most of this on Malfoy, of course, because if it weren't for her trying to figure out his motives, she wouldn't have been fighting with Ron the way she had been. Hermione was lying in bed, staring up at the cornices in the ceiling and trying to figure out exactly how everything had fallen apart. She hadn't been aware of how bad things with Ron were getting, until he had lashed out, calling their wedding off. She'd been shocked, unable to fathom why he would do that. Other than their increasing arguments there was no real reason for them to not be together. They had always been together. It was all she knew. He had gone off on a tangent about how she paid him no attention, was too preoccupied with Malfoy to want to plan their wedding. That was absurd, she knew. She wasn't at all preoccupied; she was annoyed at the other man rudely ignoring her. It wasn't appropriate treatment of a co-worker. Ron had, of course, seen more to it. She had shouted back at him then, suggesting that he was too self-involved for her anyway. She had a life and it didn't have to revolve around him. At first she had been so angered by the suggestion that she needed time, that she had things to figure out. But that night as she lay staring at the ceiling and thinking about a future that didn't involve marriage, she was disturbed by a very stunning realisation. One that, she feared, no amount of time could fix. A few weeks had passed since that conversation with Ron. She hadn't seen him around the Ministry the way she usually did. It was obvious that he was avoiding her, which wasn't all that surprising. It saddened her, though. It made her wonder at how she had gone from being by his side to being left out in the middle, and not all that upset about the fact. Even in spite of her musings, she wasn't entirely convinced that the era of Hermione and Ron was over. The wedding, perhaps, had been a rash plan, but they had so much history. And she would never be able to really work out what she wanted until she resolved the other drama, the one that seemed to be wreaking havoc on her life. It scared her immensely to think that he had that power, a man she really could not stand… much. She knew that in reality, she should have revelled in the fact that she no longer bore the brunt of his frustrations. She shouldn't even care that he was ignoring her. She should have been grateful actually, for the reprieve from his mocking tones. But she wasn't. She was angry. After all, she was the one who had extended the olive branch. She had assumed that, because he seemed able to put aside his differences with people he had hated—like Harry—surely he could do the same with her. Well, she was not going to let the coward get away with it. They had to work together at the very least, and so she was going to let him have it. Draco stood in the Ministry restrooms gazing, with increasing dissatisfaction, at his reflection. His palms were resting flat on the marbled sink, pressing into the unforgiving surface. He had a problem, a very serious problem. In the last couple of weeks, his thoughts had been a jumble, and there was absolutely no logical reason as to the cause. Well, that wasn't true. He knew the cause; he just had no understanding of how said cause had come to be quite such a problem. The initial source of his discontent had been the sudden turnaround in Granger's behaviour toward him. But that was some weeks prior and had been compounded by an entirely larger, less logical problem. Draco had never really stopped to think about how much time and energy he expended on thoughts of Granger. After all, people tended to think about those they didn't like, or who annoyed them. And she was both; she was eternal frustration to him. So he had never been concerned about the presence of her in the back of his mind. Yet, even whilst he was clearly having some sort of a psychological breakdown—for what other explanation could there be?—she appeared to be completely unaware of the effect of her proximity. She continued to smile vacantly and hum to herself as if she was the happiest person in the world. He didn't like to suppose that she was, in fact, the happiest girl in the world. After all, she was due to marry a man who was obviously, to the entire world barring herself, her inferior. That was, after all, how life had been laid out for her since she was 12. The whole of Hogwarts—and now the Ministry—had known that she and Weasley would end up together, popping out children with red, frizzy hair and a propensity for asking too many questions. He had known. He hadn't cared. But he did now, when he shouldn't have. And he would sit at his desk, hard at the thought of it all. Breathing slowly and deeply to steady himself. In spite of the very physical impact she was suddenly having on him, she would continue to smile as though there was nothing wrong. He hated that she acted like that now, as though he didn't faze her, as though he weren't Draco Malfoy—but some random other that had no meaning to her at all. So he did the only thing that seemed appropriate given the situation. He ignored her. He found that although it didn't seem to stem the effect of her, it certainly made it easier to pretend it wasn't happening. The added advantage was that ignoring her automatically meant that he missed out on hearing her annoying opinions and frustrating comments. It made it so much easier to think when he did so. And each night when he lay in bed grasping at sleep that evaded him, he would reach his hand down to stroke his length. His naked form would writhe and squirm in silken sheets until he was coated in a thin film of sweat. His palm moving over the hardest part of him, squeezing, pumping, stroking. At first he had been highly perturbed by the thought of wanking to thoughts of her; it had somehow seemed like an admission of something he very much did not want to acknowledge. But the body had separate motivations to the mind, and his ignored any protestations raised by the latter. Release. That was what he needed. But even after each night when he would shudder and gasp before sleep took him, it would rear its head again. The intensity of this physical response to her had come about too quickly. It made him wonder how long it had actually been there, lurking somewhere within and waiting to jump out and catch him unawares. It made him think about the lengths he had gone to in the past to make her angry, and how he had enjoyed the flush across her face in response. He didn't much like the thought of anyone else making her flush with frustration the way he did. In fact he didn't much like the idea of anyone making her flush at all, which was why he had taking to glaring more than usual at Weasley, who had been rather bewildered by the malice in Draco's gaze. He was clearly in a downward spiral. It didn't matter that she was a Muggle-born so much as it mattered that she was Granger. "Malfoy, look at me!" She all but barked the directive, and his gaze clashed suddenly with hers. That was… unexpected. "Merlin, Granger. What do you want?" He glared at her a little too forcefully, he knew, because she started at the tone of his voice. This was swiftly followed by an intake of air so expansive that she seemed to rise up above him, taking on her much practiced authoritative tone. He'd seen her use it with Weasley before, but Draco was no errant puppy to be quelled into submission by her bossiness. "Would it kill you to look at me when I'm talking to you? You are so arrogant!" She shook her head as though in disbelief. Merlin, he thought, she had a distorted view of things. "You have my full attention," he bit out, spreading his hands expansively. "Now what do you want?" He moved forward. "You want to talk, Granger? Let's talk. Let's bring it all out in the open shall we?" Draco gripped her upper arm and pulled her toward the door behind her: a rarely used file-storage room. It was small, but private, and definitely ideal for this conversation. After all, Draco didn't much like the idea of becoming fodder for office gossips. "Of all the presumption!" she said in a Victorian sort of a way, as though he had offended her virtue. "Don't speak to me about presumption." "Malfoy, what the hell is your problem? You obnoxious, arrogant git." "Git, am I?" He uttered low under his breath. He stalked forward, so uncomfortably close that he caught the delicate scent of her skin. He lowered his face, considerably given the difference in their heights, so that he was almost level with her. One palm pressed against the door behind her. "Explain that to me," he whispered. "I don't like being ignored," she muttered almost petulantly. "You have no right to act as though you're more important than me, as though your time can be better spent. I am your colleague. You work with me. As such you have to deal with me." "I'm not ignoring you now…" he whispered against her skin, "You have my full attention…" Awareness danced in her avid gaze and Draco thrived on it. He shouldn't though; he should walk away very quickly before something irreversible happened. But it was that same old argument between one's head and other rampant body parts. In cases such as these, the head never won out. He leaned closer so that a breath of air was all that separated his skin from hers. He chuckled softly then, as her lids grew heavy and closed in expectation. He had her. Her eyes flew open in horror and she shoved him with surprising strength. "Draco Malfoy, you unmitigated bas—" "Fuck, Granger, do please shut up. For once in your life, just stop talking." She was thoroughly exasperating, and in all honesty, he felt in that moment the very last thing he wanted to do was argue with her. As enjoyable a pastime as it so often was, he had much more exciting prospects in mind. And thus, with a roll of his eyes, Draco lifted her bodily against him and pushed her into the door. Arching a brow, he held her squirming body firm as he taunted her. "I never took you for the aggressive type in the bedroom, Granger." He grinned a feral sort of a grin, unutterably lecherous, and he knew she would take it as such. "We're in a storage room…" He shrugged. "Semantics…" She stopped her squirming momentarily, much to his relief, to look him square in the eye. "You know this can't happen… we're colleagues, and we're at work. It's ridiculous. Besides… I don't like you!" "People like puppies, Granger; this is much less insipid a thing than mere liking." "I'm engaged." He smirked in victory. "Ah, I was wondering when you'd recall that particular reason. I note it was the last excuse you thought of… I rather think Weasley would have preferred it be the first." "—insufferable! Of course, I don't wa—" "It's happening, Granger. It's happening." With that simple proclamation, he pressed his forehead against hers. His hand braced her against the door, while the other took comfortable residence upon her hip. She didn't struggle this time and he took it as a sign of acquiescence. It was a strange thing to behold. "You know… just because I'm… clearly I have some sort of problem," she paused before continuing, as though she weren't completely insulting him. "I mean you're just so—" "Handsome?" He interrupted, warming to the topic enough to delay his intended… ministrations. "Charming? Sexy…" Her tone was dry when she responded. "Actually I was going to say obnoxious, self-involved… and just too pretty." She shrugged at him, and he was so busy blanching in horror at that statement and its offensive implications about his masculinity that he didn't pay due attention to the rise of her breasts against him. "Too pretty?!" "Yes," she nodded, "I like my men… more rugged." She grinned and his was so thrown by the minx-like quality of it that he lost his mental footing for a second. "Ah," he finally responded. "I see where this is going. By rugged you mean unattractive. I'm too good-looking as compared with your other… dalliances… what with their hook noses and unnaturally long limbs." "Well actually, long limbs generally mean long—" In frustration, he wrenched his mouth from hers and tore at the infernal fabric. He saw the outrage flash in her dark eyes before he lowered his lips to her neck, sucking softly on the fleeting pulse he found there. Deciding they weren't nearly close enough, he lifted her slim body higher against his, one hand curving to hold her up. He pulled his mouth away from hers again, enjoying the dissatisfied sounds she made, so that he could turn his attention to the task at hand. A pink flush had spread down her neck and across her chest, a rather fetching image, he thought. He lowered his mouth to brush slow open-mouthed kisses against the sensitive skin revealed just at the top of her bra, delighting in the heavy quality of her breathing. Draco grinned at the way the small pink buds tightened up at his touch, barely visible as they were through the lacy fabric. Within a few seconds they had both successfully removed her bra and his shirt—a concerted effort on both parts. Draco uttered a guttural sort of noise as the velvet tips of her breasts brushed against him. He lowered his mouth, hungry to taste their sweetness and was rewarded with a breathy moan in his left ear. His tongue laved over the sensitive buds, and he rolled his hips against Granger's, causing her to wrap her arms firmly around his neck as she returned the gesture. It was all the encouragement he needed. She squirmed against him, as strong fingers moved against the edge of her knickers, seeking entry. She clutched him tighter and Draco felt a heady rush shoot through him, straight to his groin at the realisation of just how wet she was. Those errant fingers brushed over the delicate nub hidden between her slick folds, stroking the achingly delicate skin they found there. She bucked her hips against the inquisitive fingers. Both urgent and ardent in her response. Draco groaned under his breath. She was ready for him. "Granger," he breathed raggedly. "Granger… it's now or… it's now, alright." He pressed his forehead once more against hers as he tried to reign in control. This wasn't helped by the small hand that reached between them to brush against the top of his trousers. The zip ticked down slowly, too slowly. She was teasing him. He gasped aloud as the slender hand reached in and freed him from the painful restriction of his pants. Her lips formed a small ‘O' as her fingers stroked over the weeping slit. They traced erotic patterns that he knew he would never forget, but he also knew that if she didn't stop soon he would ruin his hard-earned reputation. "Now," she whispered, so lowly that he almost didn't hear her. "Now." She guided him to her entrance. Heart pounding, blood pulsing, he pressed slowly against her slick entrance. "Oh," she breathed before crashing her lips against his. The feel of her sheathed around him was too hot, too tight to be real. She held firm to his shoulders, and he pressed slowly once more so that he was inside her, right to the hilt. Her legs tightened around him, and he moved both hands along the backs of her thighs to grip the taught skin of her arse. He held her firm as he pulled out, almost entirely, before thrusting back into the delirium ahead of him. Her lips were urgent against his own, and Draco could feel that rush surging deep within him far too quickly. He couldn't stop it, though. The taste of her, the feel of her around him was all consuming and he revelled in it. A groaned imprecation was torn from his throat when he felt her clenching around him. Too much… not enough. Close, he thought. She was whispering urgent things into his ear, and the sound of her voice was enough to send him closer. His movements jerked harder, and he knew she was being forcefully thrust against the door, but she didn't seem to care and he couldn't hope to. He released the curved shape of one arse cheek from his grip, sliding his hand up over her hip and back down to meet the moist nub nestled between her thighs. She jolted when his thumb brushed back over the bundle of nerves, and he felt her clenching tighter, tighter, tighter. "Please… now, I…" her whispered words did it, and he pushed into her, enjoying the way her walls suckled greedily to hold him in place. The quivering started, his thighs and hers, and he knew it was now. His body trembled and the nerve endings seemed disconnected until it was just sensation. He was dimly aware of her coming undone around him, jolting him further. He opened his eyes as she closed hers, her lips parted and her cheeks flushed. Moments slid from one to the next, and all he knew was the continuing heat of her around him, the smell of sex that hung in the air, and the bone-melting contentment that settled over him. She didn't fight him, and although the urgency was gone, he felt dizzy from the taste of her. "Out with it," he said, because he could feel her brain moving a million miles an hour. She leaned against the wall behind her, breathing deeply and chewing on her swollen lip. "I don't know… I… and that…" She paused. "I didn't mean for that to happen," she whispered. He clenched his jaw. "Well, it did. I recall you being a rather active participant." She flushed. "Don't be crude… I just… I've barely split with him and now—" "What?" his tone was harsh as he stared her down, almost certain he had misheard. "Split with him? Weasley? Forgot that detail, hmm?" "Yes… a fortnight ago. It's not… It's not permanent. We're on a break.” She paused before glaring at him. "Actually it's your fault we broke up, you just—" "Two weeks! Twenty minutes ago you were saying you were still together." He raised a brow, before continuing and moving closer to her. "And let's not forget about it being my fault… explain that to me." "It's not… Ron just thought that you were—" He cut her off again. "Let me get this straight, Weasley breaks off his engagement to you because it's fucking obvious to him that you want me, you then go and prove his point by fucking me in a storage closet…" he waved expansive arms to take in the present circumstance. "And then," he continued, "you seem to think that you two are getting back together?" "It's a lot to think about! I'm not just going to throw away a relationship for… for… this, whatever this is." "That ship has sailed, Granger. That relationship is done. But," he paused, his palm brushing against her collar bone, "I'm not… done, that is." She swallowed, "I'm… I need to think." "Must you analyse everything?" She nodded at that. "Fine, come find me when you've made up your mind. But don't take too long. I'm no second fiddle to Weasley."
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60409	Přeskočit navigaci Azure Virtual Network Gateway Improvements Publikováno dne 2 prosince, 2014 Senior Program Manager, Azure Networking At TechEd Europe 2014, we announced several improvements to the Azure Virtual Network Gateway: 1. High Performance gateway SKU 2. Operation logs for Azure Virtual Network Gateways 3. Support for PFS (Perfect Forward Secrecy) 4. Support for No Encryption option for S2S tunnels We will provide an overview of each new capability, and also the instructions for using these features. Azure Virtual Network Gateway serves as the cross premises gateway connecting your workloads in Azure Virtual Network to your on premises sites. It is required to connect to on premises sites through IPsec S2S VPN tunnels, or through ExpressRoute circuits. For IPsec/IKE VPN tunnels, the gateways perform IKE handshakes, and establish the IPsec S2S VPN tunnels between the Virtual Networks and on premises sites. For ExpressRoute, the gateways advertise the prefixes in your virtual networks via the peering circuits, and also forward packets from your ExpressRoute circuits to your VMs inside your virtual networks. High Performance Gateway To offer higher throughput and more S2S VPN tunnels for cross premises connectivity, we released a new Azure Virtual Network gateway SKU, High Performance gateway. The following table shows the preliminary measurements of aggregate throughput and the specifications of S2S VPN tunnels for the current gateway and the High Performance gateway: Gateway SKU ExpressRoute Throughput* S2S VPN Throughput* Max. number of S2S Tunnels Default ~500Mbps ~80Mbps 10 High Performance ~1000Mbps ~200Mbps 30 * Note that the actual throughput will vary based on the traffic conditions and application behavior The pricing for High Performance gateway: • $0.49 per gateway-hour • Data transfer and inter-VNet traffic rates remains unchanged High Performance gateway is available for both the Azure Dynamic Routing gateway and Azure ExpressRoute. Static Routing gateway is not supported. The following cmdlets can be used to create a new High Performance gateway, or upgrade an existing gateway to the new SKU: Create a High Performance Gateway A new option is added to the Azure PowerShell cmdlet, New-AzureVNetGateway, to specify the SKU. The following example will create a High Performance gateway for the virtual network, “MyAzureVNet”: PS D:\> New-AzureVNetGateway –VNetName MyAzureVNet –GatewayType DynamicRouting –GatewaySKU HighPerformance Note that DynamicRouting is the GatewayType for both the DynamicRouting gateway and the dedicated (ExpressRoute) gateway. Therefore the cmdlet example can also be used to create the Virtual Network gateway to connect to an ExpressRoute circuit. Update the Gateway SKU The following cmdlet, Resize-AzureVNetGateway, can update the SKU of an Azure Virtual Network Gateway: PS D:\> Resize-AzureVNetGateway –VNetName MyAzureVNet –GatewaySKU HighPerformance This cmdlet example changes the gateway for MyAzureVNet from Default to High Performance. You also change the gateway SKU from High Performance back to Default: PS D:\> Resize-AzureVNetGateway –VNetName MyAzureVNet –GatewaySKU Default Gateway Operation Logs Azure Portal provides a “Management Services” tab to allow Azure services and components to report operation logs. We have added Azure Virtual Network Gateway logs into the framework. Now you will be able to get the following set of events on both Azure VPN Gateways and Azure ExpressRoute: 1. Gateway creation and deletion 2. ExpressRoute circuit creation and deletion 3. ExpressRoute circuit link authorization, creation, and deletion 4. ExpressRoute BGP session creation, deletion, and update The following screenshots show a simple example: GatewayOperationLog Please note that the initial set of events listed above is just a start. We will continue to add other gateway events into the logs. More Custom Options for IPsec/IKE VPNs We added two more custom options for configuring your IPsec/IKE S2S VPN tunnels – PFS (Perfect Forward Secrecy) and No Encryption. With this feature, now you can specify PFS with IKE on a per tunnel basis. No Encryption is a new option for the S2S VPN tunnel. This is targeted at the VNet-to-VNet communication within Azure. The traffic between Azure Virtual Network gateways will stay within the Microsoft operated networks, including cross-region communication. This traffic today is encrypted by default. For customers that would like better throughput, we offer the No Encryption option that removes the encryption and decryption overhead. Please note that for traffic that is going through the Internet, this option is not recommended as it will cause the packets to be sent without encryption. It is only recommended for Azure VNet-to-VNet communication. We are working on the PowerShell cmdlet support to enable these two features. Please stay tuned.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60413	The Female Irish Orphans shippped off to Australia 1848 -1850 Ever heard of the Earl Grey Scheme or the Potatoe Orphans? In England, the Secretary of State for the Colonies under John Russel's Whig government, Lord Earl Grey, proposed that young, marriageable women could serve as wives and provide female labour in the male-dominated and underdeveloped Australia. As a result over 4000 adolescent female orphans emigrated from Irish workhouses to the Australian colonies, arriving at Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide. This became known as the Earl Grey Scheme. Earl Grey In Ireland, the homeless orphans had been living and working in the Irish factories (workhouses) which faced overcrowding, insufficient money and as a result not enough food and supplies. These women had either be orphaned by the famine or disowned by their parents who could no longer support them. When the scheme was proposed, women had to apply and be approved by the board of the workhouse to be included. the workhouses provided them with boxes of clothing and the trip was paid for by colonial funds from the Australia people - who later objected to it! As the Irish Famine Memorial website explains: The Memorial at Hyde Park Barracks Tip! - did you know that you can search the database? The Monument to the Great Irish Famine is situated in Sydney, in the grounds of the Hyde Park Barracks Museum. The website and memorial has the names of 4114 women whose names were put there in response to newspaper advertisements at the time of its making. At the time of the famine in Ireland, over 1 million people died from starvation or disease, and over 2 million immigrated to other countries in a period of just 10 years. Whilst the Earl Grey System may have assisted in ridding England of impoverished Irish women, these women were mostly uneducated, unskilled and very young. Many made a good life in Australia, but some resorted to prostitution, and others were severely discriminated against. These women were some of the female pioneers of Australia, so if you have an Irish female who came to Australia between 1848 and 1850 there name may just be on the memorial. Popular Posts
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60422	Short 4 Question Quiz Reveals The Core Health Habit You Didn't Know You're Missing Find Out Which One You Are Missing Right Now + FREE Look & Feel Better Guide Choose the one that describes you most right now. • a. You have a hard time falling asleep at night. • b. You get really hungry in between meals. • c. You either drink alot or very little water. • d. You feel angry, frustrated or depressed. • e. You live on sugar, caffeine or both. If you're honest, you'd say.. • a. You want to lose some weight. • b. You snack alot. • c. You get headaches frequently. • d. You're overwhelmed with all the things you have to do. • e. You struggle getting up in the mornings. Which one of these bugs you the most? • a. You have a desk job. • b. You're trying but you're not losing any weight. • c. You use alot of chapstick or lipbalm. • d. You feel stuck about something in your life. • e. You can be irritable and moody. Your friend would tell you.. • a. Stairs make you very out of breath. • b. Your skin, hair and mood are dull. • c. You are fatigued often. • d. You know you're hard on yourself. • e. It's hard to focus and be productive. Enter Your Email To See Your Personalized Results! Get Your Results Immediately... And Your FREE Guide! See My Results
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60423	Mane n Tail If you have every marveled over the length and strength of a horses mane, you are not alone! Originally a product for show horses to have long, flowing manes, Mane N Tail soon transformed into a coveted product for their owners. Now the formula is fortified with moisturises and proteins to keep hair strong and encourage growth in humans and horses alike. Visit their website at - https://www.manentail.com.au/
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60451	Dinosaurs: Before They Were Fuels It is the rare boy who hasn't been in love with dinosaurs. I still have a fondness for dinosaurs, but I haven't been keeping up with the news, given how much is coming out concerning dinosaurs from their over a hundred millions of years of existence. So I find the video podcast Dinosaurs: Before They Were Fuels to be a nice way to hear about dinosaurs. It's a light-hearted and light-weight way to keep up with current news about dinosaurs, which is a good thing considering all of the other stuff that gobbles up my time. 2 Replies to “Dinosaurs: Before They Were Fuels” 1. IwouldliketolistentothisbutIcannotunderstandanythingthisguysaysbecauseheistalkigsofastwhatisthepointinthis??? Comments are closed.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60468	Domain Retention Prediction Customer-base analysis has become increasingly important. A critical part of the analysis is the prediction of retention rate, which is defined as the proportion of customers active at the end of period $t-1$ who are still active at the end of period $t$. Retention prediction is commonly used for customer lifetime value calculation. For the .nz registry, the retention rate of domains is a crucial metric used for financial planning. Several probabilistic models have been developed for retention prediction. In a survey paper written by Peter and Bruce, customer’s relationship with a company can be classified into four types (see Figure 1). In the domain name industry, there are two characteristics: • Whether a domain name is renewed or not can be observed from the registry's database; • A domain name is usually renewed for a certain length of period which can vary from 1 month to 120 months, 1 year is the most common. Hence, the domain business belongs to the contractual and discrete type according to this two-dimensional classification. One commonly used retention prediction model for this type is the shifted-Beta-Geometric (sBG) model developed by Peter and Bruce in 2007. In this post, the objective is to predict domain retention probability of the .nz registry using the sBG model. The sBG Model The sBG model is based on two assumptions and I describe them in domain name service setting: • A domain name remains active with constant retention probability $1-\theta$. From the definition of survivor function, we have: a. The probability of churn (the domain will not be renewed at $t$): b. The survivor function (probability that the domain is still active at $t$): • Heterogeneity in $\theta$ is modeled by Beta distribution with the pdf: $$f(\theta\|\alpha, \beta)=\frac{\theta^{\alpha-1}(1-\theta)^{\beta-1}}{B(\alpha,\beta)}$$ where $B(\alpha,\beta)$ is the Beta function. Individual domain's value of $\theta$ is unobserved (not measurable from the dataset), therefore the expectation over the Beta distribution (e.g., $E[P(T=t\|\Theta=\theta)]$) is used to get a randomly chosen domain’s probability of churn and survivor function. Compared with models that assume a constant churn rate for all customers, the advantage of the sBG model is that it takes customer heterogeneity into account. After some transformation, the retention rate is expressed in the following concise form: Domain Retention Prediction The implementation of the sBG model lies in the estimation of the two parameters: $\alpha$ and $\beta$. In their paper (Appendix B), Peter and Bruce showed how to implement the model and compute the maximum likelihood estimates in Excel. We follow the same procedure and code it in Python (code can be found here) to find the $\hat{\alpha}$ and $\hat{\beta}$. The survival data shown in Table 1 are for the domains registered in April 2004 at three parent levels:, and We fit the sBG model to the first 6,7,8 years of the data for each parent level respectively to compare the accuracy of the estimation. The parameter estimation results are summarized in Table 2. Using these parameter estimates, the survivor function for each parent level is extrapolated out to year 12. The model-based results along with the actual numbers are plotted in Figure 1. The resulting predictions for the survival probability are quite accurate, especially when more data points are used to do estimation. It can be seen that the survival probability is decreasing and the decreasing rate gets smaller with time, meaning that less and less of domains stop being renewed. Another observation is that the survival probability of is higher than and Hence, this model can help us to identify groups of domains with different retention behaviour so that we can analyse the characteristics shared within each group. Drawing Drawing Another interesting plot is the retention rate. The model-based retention rates and the actual numbers are plotted in Figure 3. Although the model does not track the actual data perfectly, it fits the data on average and captures the trend. There are two reasons: firstly, our data points fluctuate a lot due to possible special events which makes the estimation harder; secondly, although the survival probability and the retention rate are closely related, the survival probability is easier to predict since it has a cumulative form which makes it less sensitive to period-to-period variations. It can be seen that the retention rates are increasing and the retention rate of is higher. In fact, this is similar to our observation found from the data. Figure 4 shows the retention rates (proportion of domains still active in the next year) for domains created at different periods. It can be seen that the mean retention rates are increasing with time and the domains with age of over 6 years have average retention rates over 0.90. On the other hand, retention rates of newly created domains have a much larger spread compared with older domains, indicating domains are unstable in early age. Drawing Drawing In this post, the sBG model is implemented to fit the data of domains at different parent levels. The sBG model is a simple and powerful. It is interesting to see different retention behaviour among different parent levels. This model will be very helpful in identifying domains with different behaviours so that we can the factors/drivers behind.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60480	Skip to content • Research article • Open Access Bayesian random local clocks, or one rate to rule them all BMC Biology20108:114 • Received: 21 July 2010 • Accepted: 31 August 2010 • Published: Relaxed molecular clock models allow divergence time dating and "relaxed phylogenetic" inference, in which a time tree is estimated in the face of unequal rates across lineages. We present a new method for relaxing the assumption of a strict molecular clock using Markov chain Monte Carlo to implement Bayesian modeling averaging over random local molecular clocks. The new method approaches the problem of rate variation among lineages by proposing a series of local molecular clocks, each extending over a subregion of the full phylogeny. Each branch in a phylogeny (subtending a clade) is a possible location for a change of rate from one local clock to a new one. Thus, including both the global molecular clock and the unconstrained model results, there are a total of 22n-2 possible rate models available for averaging with 1, 2, ..., 2n - 2 different rate categories. We propose an efficient method to sample this model space while simultaneously estimating the phylogeny. The new method conveniently allows a direct test of the strict molecular clock, in which one rate rules them all, against a large array of alternative local molecular clock models. We illustrate the method's utility on three example data sets involving mammal, primate and influenza evolution. Finally, we explore methods to visualize the complex posterior distribution that results from inference under such models. The examples suggest that large sequence datasets may only require a small number of local molecular clocks to reconcile their branch lengths with a time scale. All of the analyses described here are implemented in the open access software package BEAST 1.5.4 ( • Markov Chain Monte Carlo • Molecular Clock • Transition Kernel • Clock Model • Much Recent Common Ancestor In 1967, Allan Wilson and his then doctoral student Vincent Sarich described an "evolutionary clock" for albumin proteins and exploited the clock to date the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees to five million years ago [1]. Given the limited informativeness of these immunological data, this estimate has survived the intervening years remarkably well. This work was the first prominent application of the concept of a molecular clock [2] and, at the time, the result raised extreme controversy, as the commonly held belief advocated that the common ancestor of humans and African apes was much more ancient. In fact, previous authors had argued that there must have been a slowdown of the rate of albumin evolution in African apes and humans to reconcile their great similarity with the presumed antiquity of their common ancestor. Researchers have grappled with the tension between molecular and non-molecular evidence for evolutionary time scales ever since. Recently, a number of authors [37], have advanced "relaxed molecular clock" methods. These methods accommodate variation in the rate of molecular evolution from lineage to lineage. In addition to allowing non-clock-like relationships among sequences related by a phylogeny, modeling rate variation among lineages in a gene tree also enable researchers to incorporate multiple calibration points that may not be consistent with a strict molecular clock. These calibration points can be associated either with the internal nodes of the tree or the sampled sequences themselves. Furthermore, relaxed molecular clock models appear to fit real data better than either a strict molecular clock or the other extreme of no clock assumption [6]. In spite of these successes, controversy still remains around the particular assumptions underlying some of the popular relaxed molecular clock models currently employed. A number of authors [810], argue that changes in the rate of evolution do not necessarily occur smoothly nor on every branch of a gene tree. The alternative expounds that large subtrees share the same underlying rate of evolution and that any variation can be described entirely by the stochastic nature of the evolutionary process. These phylogenetic regions or subtrees of rate homogeneity are separated by changes in the rate of evolution. This alternative model may be especially important for gene trees that have dense taxon sampling, in which case there are potentially many short closely related lineages amongst which there is not reason a priori to assume differences in the underlying rate of substitution. Local molecular clocks are another alternative to the global molecular clock [11]. A local molecular clock permits different regions in the tree to have different rates, but within each region the rate must be the same. Up until now these models have been difficult to employ because their implementations did not permit the modeling of uncertainty in (1) the phylogenetic tree topology or (2) the phylogenetic positions of the rate changes between the local clock regions. For a model that allows one rate change on a rooted tree there are 2n − 2 branches on which the rate change can occur. To consider two rate changes, one must consider (2n − 2) × (2n − 3) possible rate placements. If each branch can have 0 or 1 rate changes then the total number of local clock models that might be considered is 22n−2, where n is the number of sequences under study. For even moderate n this number of local clock models can not be evaluated exhaustively. In this paper we employ Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to investigate a Bayesian random local clock (RLC) model, in which all possible local clock configurations are nested. We implement our method in the BEAST 1.x [12] and BEAST 2 ( open software frameworks. The resulting method co-estimates from the sequence data both the phylogenetic tree and the number, magnitude and location of rate changes along the tree. Our method samples a state space that includes the product of all 22n−2 possible local clock models on all possible rooted trees. Because the RLC model includes the possibility of zero rate changes, it also serves to test whether one rate is sufficient to rule all the gene sequences at hand, as was Wilson and Sarich's view of the African primate albumins. Basic evolutionary model We begin by considering data Y, consisting of aligned molecular sequences of length S from n taxa. We orientate these data such that we may write Y = (Y1, ..., Y S ), where Y s for s = 1, ..., S are the n homologous characters at each site s of the sequence alignment. To model this homology, we follow standard likelihood-based phylogenetic reconstruction practice [13] and assume the data arise from an underlying continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) process [14] along an unobserved tree τ. The tree τconsists of a rooted, bifurcating topology that characterizes the relatedness among the taxa, the generally unknown historical times when lineages diverge in the topology and up to 2n − 2 rate parameters r k that relate historical time and expected number of substitutions on each branch k. The CTMC process describes the relative rates at which different sequence characters change along the independent branches in τ. We restrict our attention in this paper to nucleotide substitution processes characterized by either the HKY85 [15] or GTR [16] infinitesimal rate matrices Λ and discrete-Gamma distributed across-site rate variation [17] with shape parameter α. However, our approach admits any standardly used CTMC for nucleotides, codons or amino acids. Letting Φ = (Λ,α), we write the data sampling density of site s as P(Y s \|τ, Φ). Felsenstein's peeling/pruning algorithm [18] enables computational efficient calculations of P(Y s \|τ,Φ). Assuming that sites are independent and identically distributed given (τ,Φ) yields the complete data likelihood P ( Y \| τ , Φ ) = s = 1 S P ( Y s \| τ , Φ ) . Branch-specific rate variation We take the opinion that variation in the rate of molecular evolution is widespread [5, 6], but, following Yoder and Yang [11], we assumed that in any given tree there exist a small number of rate changes. This contrasts with most previous Bayesian MCMC relaxed clock models that favor many small or smoothly changing events [3, 7, 19, 20]. In general, the numerous small changes arise as a modeling consequence, and are not necessarily data-driven. Apart from the induced smoothing, some structure remains quite useful; at certain time scales one expects rate changes to be heritable and persist for some time down the subtree extending from the change-point. Model parameterization We introduce the RLC model that allows for sparse, possibly large-scale changes while maintaining spatial correlation along the tree. We start at the unobserved branch leading to the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the tree and define the composite rate ρMRCA = 1. Substitutions then occur on each branch k = 1, ..., 2n − 2 below the MRCA with normalized rate r k = c ( ρ ) × ρ k = c ( ρ ) × ρ pa ( k ) × ϕ k , where pa(k) refers to the parent branch above k, branch-specific rate multipliers ϕ= (ϕ1,...,ϕ2n-2) and c(·) is a normalization constraint that ensures that r k reflect the expected number of substitutions per unit time. This multiplicative structure on the composite ρ k = ρpa(k) × ϕ k builds up a hierarchy of rate multipliers descending towards the tree's tips. Allowing all elements in ϕto vary independently leads to a completely non-clock-like model with, even worse, far too many free parameters for identifiability with the divergence times in τ. We avoid this problem through specifying a prior P(ϕ) on the rate multipliers. This prior specifies that only a random number K {0,...,2n-2} of ϕ k 1 such that r k do not inherit their ancestors' rate of change but instead mark the start of a new local clock, where a priori we believe K is small. In effect, we place non-negligible prior probably on K = 0, the state in with one rate rules them all. Further, with most r k = rpa(k), the prior binds absolute rates equal on branches incident to the same divergence points. Bayesian stochastic search variable selection To infer which branch-specific rates r k do or do not inherit their ancestors' rate, we employ ideas from Bayesian stochastic search variable selection (BSSVS) [21]. BSSVS traditionally applies to model selection problems in a linear regression framework. In this framework, the statistician starts with a large number of potential predictors X1,...,X P and asks which among these associate linearly with an N-dimensional outcome variable Y. For example, the full model becomes Y = [X1,...,X P ]β + ϵ, where β is a P-dimensional vector of regression coefficients and ϵ is an N-dimensional vector of normally distributed errors with mean 0. When β p for p = 1,...,P differs significantly from 0, X p helps predict Y, otherwise X p contributes little additional information and warrants removal from the model via forcing β p = 0. Given potentially high correlation between the predictors, deterministic model search strategies tend not to find the optimal set of predictors unless one explores all possible subsets. This exploration is generally computationally impractical as there exist 2 P such subsets and completely fails for P > N. Recent work in BSSVS [22, 23] efficiently performs the exploration in two steps. In the first step, the approach augments the model state-space with a set of P binary indicator variables δ= (δ1,...,δ P ) and imposes a prior P(β) on the regression coefficients that has expectation 0 and variance proportional to a P × P diagonal matrix with its entries equal to δ. If δ P = 0, then the prior variance on β p shrinks to 0 and enforces β p = 0 in the posterior. In the second step, MCMC explores the joint space of (δ, β) simultaneously. To map BSSVS into the setting of rate variation, let δ k be the binary indicator that a local clock starts along branch k, such that r k rpa(k). Conversely, when δ k = 0, r k = rpa(k) implying that ϕ k = 1. So, rate multipliers ϕplay an analogous role to the regression coefficients in BSSVS. An important difference is that ϕ k [0,∞) and shrinks to 1, while β k (-∞,∞) and shrinks to 0, mandating alternative prior formulations. Prior specification To specify a prior distribution over δ= (δ1,...,δ2n-2), we assume that each indicator acts a priori as an independent Bernoulli random variable (RV) with small success probability χ. The sum of independent Bernoulli RVs yields a Binomial distribution over their sum K = k = 1 2 n 2 δ k . In the limit that K χ × (2n-2), this prior conveniently collapses to K ~ Truncated Poisson ( λ ) , where λ is the prior expected number of rate changes along the tree τ. Choosing λ = log2, for example, sets 50% prior probability on the hypothesis of no rate changes. Completing the RLC prior specification, we assume that all rate multipliers in ϕare a priori independent and ϕ k ~ Gamma ( 1 / ψ δ k , 1 / ψ δ k ) . When δ k = 1, then a priori, ϕ k has expectation 1 and variance ψ, following in the vein of [24]. However, in light of BSSVS, when δ k = 0, the prior variance collapses to 0 and ϕ k = 1. To translate between the expected number of substitutions b k on branch k and real clock-time t k , b k = μ × r k × t k , where μ is the overall substitution rate. The keen eye may observe that, over the entire tree τ, the parameterization in Equation (5) again leads to more degrees-of-freedom than are identifiable. We solve this difficulty through a further normalization constraint c(·) on ρ. Recall that we wish to measure μ in terms of expected substitutions per unit real time, such that μ = k = 1 2 n 2 b k / k = 1 2 n 2 t k . To maintain this scaling, we sum Equation (5) over all branches and substitute the result into Equation (6). This eliminates the unknown μ and yields k = 1 2 n 2 r k t k = c ( ρ ) k = 1 2 n 2 ρ k t k = k = 1 2 n 2 t k , c ( ρ ) = k t k / k ρ k t k . Posterior simulation We take a Bayesian approach to data analysis and draw inference under the RLC model via MCMC. MCMC straightforwardly generates random draws with first-order dependence through the construction of a Markov chain that explores the posterior distribution. Via the Ergodic Theorem, simple tabulation of a chain realization {θ(1),...,θ(L)} can provide adequate empirical estimates. To generate a Markov chain using the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm [25, 26], one imagines starting at chain step in state θ() and randomly proposing a new state θ* drawn from an arbitrary distribution with density q(·\|θ()). This arbitrary distribution is commonly called a "transition kernel". Finally the next chain step + 1 arrives in state θ ( + 1 ) = { θ with probability : min { 1 , P ( θ \| Y ) P ( θ ( ) \| Y ) × q ( θ ( ) \| θ ) q ( θ \| θ ( ) ) } , θ ( ) otherwise . The first term in the acceptance probability above is the ratio of posterior densities and the term involving the transition kernel is the Hastings ratio. The beauty of the algorithm is that the posterior densities only appear as a ratio so that intractable normalizing constant cancels out. Transition kernels We employ standard phylogenetic transition kernels via a Metropolis-within-Gibbs scheme, as implemented in BEAST [12], to travel through most dimensions in the RLC parameter space. What is unique to the RLC model are transition kernels to explore rate multipliers ϕand all possible local clock indicator δconfigurations. Since ϕ k [0,∞) we propose new rates ϕ* component-wise, such that for a uniform randomly selected k with δ k = 1, ϕ k = U ϕ k , U ~ Uniform ( s f , 1 s f ) , where 0 < s f <1 is a tuning constant and the Hastings ratio is 1/U [27]. Transition kernels on δare more challenging. One natural way to construct a Markov chain on a bit-vector state space, such as δ, involves selecting one random element δ k with uniform probability 1/(2n − 2) and swapping its state δ k = 1 δ k with probability 1 [14]. At first glance, the transition kernel density q(δ\|δ) = q(δ\|δ) = 1/(2n - 2) appears symmetric leading to a Hastings ratio of 1. However, this view is flawed. One must recall that we introduced the indicators δas a computational convenience. The number of different local clocks K over-shadows δas our parameter of interest, upon which we place our truncated-Poisson prior P(K). The correct densities to calculate then become q(K\|K) and q(K\|K). Suppose the swapping event above generates 0 1 so that K* = K + 1. As K approaches 0 the transition kernel finds it more and more difficult to decrease K because the kernel is more likely initially to choose a 0 state for swapping. From this perspective, the kernel is definitely not symmetric in the interchange of K* and K. Assuming symmetry would lead to upwardly biased estimates for K < n - 1. The reverse bias occurs as K approaches 2n − 2 from below. To determine q(K\|K), we identify that our kernel chooses a δ k = 0 with probability (2n − 2 − K )/(2n − 2) and a δ k = 1 with probability K/(2n − 2). Therefore, if K = K + 1, q(K\|K) is the former probability and if K = K - 1, q(K*\|K) is the latter. Forming the Hastings ratio q ( K \| K ) q ( K \| K ) = { K + 1 2 n 2 K if K = K + 1 , 2 n 2 K + 1 K if K = K 1. This derivation provides an important lesson for those new to MCMC implementation; the Hastings ratio may vary depending on the model parameterization; it is, therefore, necessary to calculate the ratio as a function of the same parameterization as the prior. In cases where the swap event relaxes the prior variance on the rate multiplier ϕ k , we simultaneously propose a new value for ϕ k 1 . We draw this value from the prior given in Equation (4). Proposals involving changes to the tree topology are based on existing tree proposal moves in the BEAST software framework with a small modification to track the augmented data at the nodes [see Additional file 1]. Model selection Statistical inference divides into two intertwined approaches: parameter estimation and model selection. For the former, parameter inference relies on empirical estimates of P(θ\| Y) that we tabulate from the MCMC draws. Model selection often represents a more formidable task. The natural selection criterion in a Bayesian framework is the Bayes factor [2830]. The Bayes factor B10 in favor of 1 over 0 is the ratio of the marginal likelihoods of 1 and 0, B 10 = P ( Y \| 1 ) P ( Y \| 0 ) = P ( 1 \| Y ) P ( 0 \| Y ) / P ( 1 ) P ( 0 ) , and informs the phylogeneticist how she (he) should change her (his) prior belief P(1)/P(0) about the competing models in the face of the observed data. Involving the evaluation of two different normalizing constants, Bayes factors are often challenging to estimate. By fortuitous construction, we side-step this computational limitation when estimating the Bayes factor in favor of a global clock (GC) model GC over the RLC model RLC. Model GC occurs when K = 0, conveniently nested within model RLC. Consequentially, the P(K = 0\|RLC) equals the prior probability of GC, and P(K = 0\|Y,RLC) yields P(GC\|Y). Given this, a Bayes factor test of GC only requires simulation under the RLC model. The Bayes factor in favor of a global clock B GC = P ( K = 0 \| Y , RLC ) 1 P ( K = 0 \| Y , RLC ) ( P ( K = 0 \| RLC ) 1 P ( K = 0 \| RLC ) ) 1 . To calculate the ratio of marginal likelihoods we need only an estimator P ˆ of P(K =0\|Y, RLC). The Ergodic Theorem suggests that we let P ˆ = = 1 L 1 { K ( ) = 0 } , where 1{·} is the indicator function. Occasionally P ˆ becomes a poor estimator when P(K = 0\|Y,RLC) decreases below ϵ or increases above 1 - ϵ for ϵ ≈ 1/L. In such situations, there are alternatives that depend on MCMC chains generated under several different prior probabilities P(K = 0\|RLC) [31]. The Bayes factor then provides the mechanism to combine results from the multiple chains and to rescale back to a believable prior. To explore the utility of the RLC model, we consider three well-studied examples that span the evolutionary scales from millions of years down to annual seasons. The first example investigates rate variation of several nuclear genes across the radiation of mammals [32]. Previous analyses fit these data under an unrooted phylogenetic model, and then rely on post hoc heuristics while conditioning on the maximum likelihood tree to identify local molecular clocks. We exploit the RLC model to simultaneously infer both the tree and locations of local clocks. We then turn our attention to mtDNA evolution within primates [33, 34] and examine a subset of the original data in which multiple studies endorse a molecular clock [15, 35, 36] and demonstrate the ease in which one can formally test for a global clock via the RLC model. In both examples, the RLC model performs consistently with expectations. We conclude with a survey of the temporal patterns of rate variation in hemagglutinin gene evolution and uncover a signature of multiple epochs of increasing rate without specifying prior knowledge of their existence. Radiation of rodents and other mammals punctuated by local clocks [32] investigate the existence of local molecular clocks during the radiation of mammals with an eye to reconciling molecular divergence dates with fossil evidence. In their study, [32] condition on a fixed evolutionary tree and perform multiple pair-wise or local rate heterogeneity tests to construct an ad hoc ensemble of clock models. We re-examine the same first and second codon positions of ADRA2B, IRBP and vWF nuclear genes (2422 alignment sites) from 42 mammals under the RLC model. Following [32], we assume the GTR model for nucleotide substitution with discrete-Γ site-to-site rate variation and ignore process heterogeneity across genes. Figure 1 presents the Bayesian consensus tree for these data. Major groupings persist across tree estimates; examples include the marsupial/placental divide and major placental clades. Small topological differences are not surprising given data uncertainty and that researchers inferred the original tree under an unrooted model whereas our estimate is based on a local-clock-constrained model of phylogenetic trees. Figure 1 Figure 1 Bayesian inference of random local clocks on mammalian data. Most probable evolutionary tree relating three nuclear genes from 42 mammals [32]. The color of the branches in the tree indicate branch-specific relative rates from red (fast) to blue (slow). Regions with the same color signify local clocks. Branches with a posterior probability of a change in rate >0.1 are labeled with the estimated posterior probabilities from two independent runs. An arrow to the right signifies a rate increase on a branch (and its descendants), while an arrow to the left signifies a slow down. Amongst the very small collection of local clock models that [32] explore, they identity their best-fitting model as embracing five local clocks. This result matches surprisingly well with RLC model estimates that support between six to twelve local clocks (Figure 2(a)). Our estimate of the number of clocks integrates over all possible local clock assignments and trees and is naturally larger. We color branches in Figure 1 according to their branch-specific rates. Consistent with [32], the sloth (Bradypus ), hedgehog (Erinaceus ) and two geomyoid rodents (Dipodomys and Thomomys ) exhibit higher rates of substitution. Comparing the posterior to prior probability that the number of rate changes K = 0 in Figure 2(a) clearly rejects a global clock within these data. Figure 2 Figure 2 Prior and posterior distributions of the number of rate changes for three molecular data sets. Comparison of posterior (red) to prior (blue) probability mass functions of the number of rate changes K for the (a) mammal, (b) primate and (c) influenza examples. In all examples, the prior probability of a global molecular clock (K = 0) is 50%. Greater posterior than prior probability for K = 0 supports the global clock hypothesis (primates); while small or negligible posterior probability for K = 0 strongly rejects the hypothesis (mammals and influenza). Anthropoids' global clock [33] and [34] present partial mtDNA sequences from nine primates, including two prosimians and seven anthropoids (monkeys/apes). The sequences comprise the protein coding regions for subunits 4 and 5 of the enzyme NADH-dehydrogenase and three tRNAs and contain 888 sites after the removal of alignment gaps. Since their publication, these data appear as molecular clock examples in several phylogenetic software releases [3739]. [35, 36] explore the strict molecular clock assumption in these data using a Bayesian approach and find good support for a clock among the anthropoids, but not between the anthropoids and prosimians, nor within the prosimians. The Bayes factor tests developed in these former studies require complicated calculations that lend themselves poorly to general use by evolutionary biologists. The RLC model provides a simple solution. As an example in which a global clock should hold, we re-examine the seven anthropoids sequences under the RLC model. We employ the HKY85 [15] model for nucleotide substitution with discrete-Γ site-to-site rate variation. To keep exposition simple, we ignore structured rate heterogeneity between the concatenated genes and across codon position with genes; however, these important modeling aspects remain straight-forward to include and do not complicate the final Bayes factor calculations. To complete specification, we assume λ = log 2, such that there exists a 50% prior probability of a global clock. Figure 3 presents the a posteriori most probable tree relating these sequences. The topology of this tree recapitulates the current paradigm of primate evolution, including the nearest-neighbor relationship between humans and chimpanzees, for which these data originally helped settle [15, 34]. We annotate the internal node heights in the figure with their posterior 95% Bayesian credible intervals (BCIs). Figure 3 Figure 3 Inferred mtDNA rates for primate phylogeny. Most probable evolutionary tree relating seven mtDNA sequences from primates [33]. Gray boxed regions depict 95% Bayesian credible intervals (BCIs) for relative divergence times (that is, in units of expected substitutions per site). Recorded for all branches are their relative rate parameter r k 95% BCIs. All intervals cover 1, suggesting little or no rate variation across the tree. An important use of the molecular clock hypothesis is in estimating divergence times, and this ability remains under the RLC model. Near the tree branches in the figure, we also report 95% BCIs for the branch-specific relative rates r k . Notably, all intervals cover the global clock hypothesized value of 1, suggesting the existence of a global clock in these data. However, these intervals are univariate marginal reports of highly correlated random variables and multiple marginal assessments can lead to spurious conclusions. To test all branches simultaneously, we calculate BGC from knowledge of the model prior and an estimate P ˆ of the posterior probability that number of rate changes K = 0. Figure 2(b) reports both the prior and estimate of the posterior probability mass function of K. A majority of the posterior mass falls on K = 0, even more so than the prior. From the figure, BGC = 3.3. While this Bayes factor is far from offering extreme support [28, 29] for the global clock model itself, the balance of evidence favors a global clock over all other specific alternatives, and the global clock would be contained in any credible set of models. Temporal rate patterns in influenza We examine hemagglutinin gene evolution from 69 strains of human influenza A [40]. These sequences represent serially sampled data; the earliest sequence stems from 1981 and the last from 1998, spanning a 17 year period. To infer the evolutionary tree and rate changes, we again employ the HKY85 model for nucleotide substitution, with Gamma-distributed rate heterogeneity among sites [24]. As priors, we assume an underlying coalescent process with a constant population size on the tree and a Poisson number of rate changes with an expected value of log2 [see Additional file 2, for an example BEAST 1.5.4 XML script]. This specification places 50% prior probability on the strict molecular clock hypothesis. Figure 4(a) depicts the Bayesian consensus tree relating these sequences, along with posterior mean branch lengths scaled in real time. To examine rate variation, we color branches by their posterior mean relative rate of nucleotide substitution. Blue branches reflect the slowest rates of mutation through red branches that highlight regions of rapid change. From Figure 4(a), a general trend begins to take form of increasing rate variation over time; earlier branches to the left of the figure are mostly blue or purple, while late branches appear mostly red. We formally explore this trend in greater detail. Figure 4 Figure 4 Influenza A data analysis. (a) Most probable evolutionary tree relating 69 hemagglutinin sequences from human influenza A. Branch coloring indicates inferred rates of nucleotide substitution, with blue denoting the slowest rates and red the fastest. (b) Rate heterogeneity of hemagglutinin sequence evolution over time. The plot traces the marginal distribution of relative substitution rates across time. White indicates low posterior density, and yellow/red indicates high density. The estimated rates are higher towards the present, with a notable jump in rate approximately six and ten years before the last sequence sample. Figure 4(b) compares the posterior and prior mass functions relating the number of rate changes observed during hemagglutinin evolution. As expected from the observed variation in Figure 4(a), very little posterior mass falls on the existence of a global clock with zero rate changes. The modal number of rate changes is two. The Bayes factor rejecting a global clock is approximately 45, providing strong support [28, 29]. Figure 4(a) examines the heterogeneity of rate variation as a process in time. To generate this plot, we discretize time before the last sequence sampling date into 92 bins (four per year). For each bin, we construct the empirical posterior density of relative rates active along the tree during that time-period. Rates that we color yellow or red occur with high posterior probability while rates proceeding towards white reflect lower probabilities. Consistent with the posterior mode of two rate changes shown in Figure 4(b), the two rate break-points in Figure 4(b) generate three distinct epochs in hemagglutinin evolution, with a trend towards increasing rates over time. The first epoch begins at the root of the evolutionary tree and continues until some point between 1986 and 1992. The final epoch concludes with the 1998 strains. We caution against over-interpretation of the punctuated form of the transitions between epochs seen in Figure 4(b). While rate transitions may have arisen with such strong demarcation, their relative sharpness may be the result of the sampling pattern in this data set. The newer samples (between 1987 and 1998) are more densely sampled at each time point, while being separated by more time between samples (there are long temporal breaks in strain sampling between 1987 and 1992 and again between 1994 and 1998). Temporal changes in sampling pattern could be particularly problematic given the well accepted fact that the influenza virus population is subject to strong selection and the influenza data set used here has previously been shown to exhibit evidence for non-neutrality [40]. Richer taxon-sampling during the unsampled periods may clarify this issue, but remains beyond the scope of this methodological paper. Nonetheless, to confirm that the RLC model is performing appropriately, we do explore the temporal rate variation process in further detail using an explicitly temporal model of rate change. To do so these data were analyzed under a Bayesian implementation (Andrew Rambaut pers comms) of a fixed-epoch model [41]. The result reinforces the conclusion that these data do exhibit temporal rate variation [see Additional file 1 for analysis summary and Additional file 3 for the BEAST XML]. However, the fixed-epoch model requires a priori specification of the number of different rate-epochs on which to fit the data, and assumes each rate change occurs simultaneously across all lineages, whereas the RLC assumes no such prior knowledge. Although it has been clear for quite some time that no universal molecular clock exists, a new question is emerging about what is the phylogenetic footprint of local molecular clocks. With increasing densely sampled phylogenetic trees, we should start to be able to get estimates of the extent of local clocks. A major limitation of local clock models has been a dearth of methods to appraise all the possible rate assignments for various lineages [42]. BSSVS permits the efficient exploration of all 22n-2 possible local clock models and automatically returns the most parsimonious descriptions of the data. The RLC description finds notable similarity to a compound Poisson process for rate variation [4]. Under this process, a Poisson number of change-points fall independently onto the branches of a phylogenetic tree. At each change-point, a Gamma-distributed random variable punctuates the current substitution rate. Without additional external information, the number of change-points (if greater than 1) and their specific locations along the branch are not identifiable by the likelihood, though this can be resolved by the prior. However this lack of identifiability places into question the benefit of allowing the large (in fact infinite) augmented state space of change points in the compound Poisson process that our BSSVS approach avoids. Under BSSVS, either there exists no change along a branch or there exists more than one and the new branch-specific rate represents an average over all events and their locations. BSSVS can also generalize to model heterogeneity in aspects of the CTMC process beyond rate variation. Examples we are considering include random local changes in nucleotide composition; a natural extension of previous work on modeling compositional heterogeneity [43]. It is also possible to use this approach to model random local changes in parameters of the tree prior [44]. Compared to the auto-correlated rate models [3], the RLC approach imparts some different prior assumptions on rate variance among branches. For example, the prior variance on a lineage-specific rate depends on the number of internal nodes traversed between the root and branch, not the time-duration. Obviously, this feature vanishes as the marginal prior on rates integrates over all possible trees. In the RLC model the number of traversed nodes reflects the number of sampled speciation events a lineage has encountered. The evolutionary and sampling scenarios for which this serves as a better proxy for rate change than does time-duration is outside the scope of this work. Formal model testing can help settle this debate on a dataset-by-dataset basis. We have not attempted model comparison between the RLC and other relaxed clock models as part of this work, as it is a very challenging task. New methods for computing Bayes factors between non-nested phylogenetic models, such as path sampling [45, 46] and stepping-stone sampling [47] may improve this situation in the future. Further, hybrid models remain within reach in which rate multipliers ϕdraw a priori from a multivariate distribution. The multivariate generalization of the Gamma is a Wishart, characterized by a scale matrix. This scale matrix could be a function of the time-tree. While the transition kernels we employ in this paper successfully explore the posterior distribution for the three examples, we can envision datasets for which our algorithm would have difficulties producing accurate estimates of the posterior distribution. High correlation most likely exists between the evolutionary tree τand location indicators δalong τat which local clocks start. Some datasets may possess posterior support for alternative trees whose clock structures vary considerably. This situation poses a significant difficulty for our current transition kernels. These kernels alternate between updating τwith only small changes δand updating δconditional on τ. In this construction, very rarely is it possible to make large moves in both tree-space and clock structures simultaneously, leading to potentially long mixing times. To remedy this, kernels that propose larger simultaneous jumps are warranted. While we are currently exploring different choices, finding kernels whose Hastings ratio remains convenient to calculate and function well across a range of datasets is proving challenging. We do, however, remain optimistic. Alternatively, [48] encourages a collapsed Gibbs sampler via parameter marginalization when encountering high correlation. While it is computationally intractable to analytically integrate the model sampling density over all possible τor all possible δ, a "local" collapse suggests a viable option. [49] exploit such an approach when sampling over the joint space of trees and sequence alignments; when proposing an update to τ, these authors integrate over the smaller portion of alignment-space affected by jumping from the current to proposed tree; then, given the new tree, re-sample a consistent and probable alignment. For the RLC model, a "local" collapse equates to integrating out the location indicators δ k on branches near the affected portions of τand reduces to a discrete summation over a modest number of combinations. There still exists correlation between indicators δand rate multiplier ϕ; however, we believe this correlation strength is much smaller than between that above, as the multipliers only enter into the likelihood when δ k = 1 and, hence, have considerably more freedom in their realized values. In any case, researchers should not blindly apply Bayesian samplers to new datasets; samplers require care and thought to ensure adequate exploration of the posterior parameter space. We have proposed an efficient method to sample over random local molecular clocks while simultaneously estimating the phylogeny. The new method conveniently allows a comparison of the strict molecular clock against a large array of alternative local molecular clock models. We have illustrated the method's utility on three example data sets involving mammal, primate and influenza evolution. We also explored a method to visualize the complex posterior distribution on the influenza data set which led to discovery of a strong temporal signal for the evolutionary rate in that data set, although this observation may well be attributed to temporal variation in sampling pattern. The examples that we have investigated suggest that large sequence datasets may only require a relatively small number of local molecular clocks to reconcile their branch lengths with a time scale. All of the analyses described here are implemented in the open access software package BEAST 1.5.4 This paper was conceived in New Zealand, the new Middle Earth. We thank the Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland for hosting M.A.S. as an Honorary Research Fellow. We thank Andrew Rambaut for assisting with the fixed-epoch analysis of the Influenza data set. This work is supported in part by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF #EF-0423641) and NIH R01 GM086887. Authors’ Affiliations Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019 Auckland, New Zealand Computational Evolution Group, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019 Auckland, New Zealand Departments of Biomathematics and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 1. Sarich VM, Wilson AC: Immunological time scale for hominid evolution. Science. 1967, 158: 1200-1203. 10.1126/science.158.3805.1200.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar 2. Zuckerkandl E, Pauling L: Evolutionary Divergence and Convergence in Proteins. 1965, New York: Academic Press, 97-166.Google Scholar 4. Huelsenbeck JP, Larget B, Swofford D: A compound poisson process for relaxing the molecular clock. Genetics. 2000, 154: 1879-1892.PubMed CentralPubMedGoogle Scholar 7. Rannala B, Yang Z: Inferring speciation times under an episodic molecular clock. Syst Biol. 2007, 56: 453-466. 10.1080/10635150701420643.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar 9. Gillespie JH: The Causes of Molecular Evolution. 1991, Oxford: Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar 13. Felsenstein J: Inferring Phylogenies. 2004, Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, IncGoogle Scholar 14. Lange K: Applied Probability. 2003, New York: Springer, [Springer Texts in Statistics.]Google Scholar 21. George EL, McCulloch RE: Variable selection via Gibbs sampling. J Am Stat Assoc. 1993, 88: 881-889. 10.2307/2290777.View ArticleGoogle Scholar 22. Kuo L, Mallick B: Variable selection for regression models. Sankhya B. 1998, 60: 65-81.Google Scholar 23. Chipman H, George EI, McCulloch RE: The practical implementation of Bayesian model selection. Model Selection. 2001, Benchwood, OH: Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 38: 67-134. [IMS Lecture Notes - Monograph Series]Google Scholar 25. Metropolis N, Rosenbluth AW, Rosenbluth MN, Teller AH, Teller E: Equations of state calculations by fast computing machines. J Chem Phys. 1953, 21: 1087-1092. 10.1063/1.1699114.View ArticleGoogle Scholar 28. Jeffreys H: Some tests of significance, treated by the theory of probability. Proc Camb Philos Soc. 1935, 31: 203-222. 10.1017/S030500410001330X.View ArticleGoogle Scholar 29. Jeffreys H: Theory of Probability. 1961, London: Oxford University Press, 1Google Scholar 30. Kass RE, Raftery AE: Bayes factors. J Am Stat Assoc. 1995, 90: 773-795. 10.2307/2291091.View ArticleGoogle Scholar 31. Suchard MA, Weiss RE, Sinsheimer JS: Models for estimating Bayes factors with applications in phylogeny and tests of monophyly. Biometrics. 2005, 61: 665-673. 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00352.x.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar 32. Douzery EJP, Delsuc P, Stanhope MJ, Huchon D: Local molecular clocks in three nuclear genes: divergence times for rodents and other mammals and incompatibility among fossil calibrations. J Mol Evol. 2003, 57: S201-S213. 10.1007/s00239-003-0028-x.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar 33. Brown WM, Prager EM, Wang A, Wilson AC: Mitochondrial DNA sequences of primates, tempo and mode of evolution. J Mol Evol. 1982, 18: 225-239. 10.1007/BF01734101.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar 34. Hayasaka K, Gojobori KT, Horai S: Molecular phylogeny and evolution of primate mitochondrial DNA. Mol Biol Evol. 1988, 5: 626-644.PubMedGoogle Scholar 36. Suchard MA, Weiss RE, Sinsheimer JS: Testing a molecular clock without an outgroup: derivations of induced priors on branch length restrictions in a Bayesian framework. Syst Biol. 2003, 52: 48-54. 10.1080/10635150390132713.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar 39. Yang Z: PAML 4: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Mol Biol Evol. 2007, 24: 1586-1591. 10.1093/molbev/msm088.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar 40. Drummond AJ, Suchard MA: Fully Bayesian tests of neutrality using genealogical summary statistics. BMC Genet. 2008, 9: 68-10.1186/1471-2156-9-68.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar 41. Drummond A, Forsberg R, Rodrigo AG: The inference of stepwise changes in substitution rates using serial sequence samples. Mol Biol Evol. 2001, 18: 1365-1371.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar 42. Sanderson MJ: A nonparametric approach to estimating divergence times in the absence of rate consistency. Mol Biol Evol. 1997, 14: 1218-1231.View ArticleGoogle Scholar 43. Foster PG: Modeling compositional heterogeneity. Syst Biol. 2004, 53: 485-495. 10.1080/10635150490445779.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar 44. Gray RD, Drummond AJ, Greenhill SJ: Language phylogenies reveal expansion pulses and pauses in pacific settlement. Science. 2009, 323: 479-483. 10.1126/science.1166858.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar 45. Lartillot N, Philippe H: Computing Bayes factors using thermodynamic integration. Syst Biol. 2006, 55: 195-207. 10.1080/10635150500433722.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar 46. Beerli P, Palczewski M: Unified framework to evaluate panmixia and migration direction among multiple sampling locations. Genetics. 2010, 185: 313-326. 10.1534/genetics.109.112532.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar 47. Fan Y, Wu R, Chen M-H, Kuo L, Lewis PO: Choosing among partition models in Bayesian phylogenetics. Mol Biol Evol. 2010.Google Scholar 48. Liu JS: The collasped Gibbs sampler in Bayesian computations with applications to a gene regulation problem. J Am Stat Assoc. 1994, 89: 958-966. 10.2307/2290921.View ArticleGoogle Scholar 49. Redelings BD, Suchard MA: Joint Bayesian estimation of alignment and phylogeny. Syst Biol. 2005, 54: 401-418. 10.1080/10635150590947041.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar © Drummond and Suchard; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60484	Message Font: Serif \| Sans-Serif No. of Recommendations: 0 Phil, I have a SEP-IRA through my SubS corp. Will I have to take RMD's from it at 70-1/2, although I will still be working and the corp contributing to it? Print the post When Life Gives You Lemons Contact Us Contact Customer Service and other Fool departments here. Work for Fools?
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60497	Archive for firefox Making Gmail a default mailto handler in firefox Posted in web with tags , on January 29, 2009 by Bartosz Radaczyński Even though there are some recipies for that in the network (notably this one and this), there seem to be issues with both of these solutions. The first one is almost fine, though the new message gmail screen has the address typed in as mailto:email_address (the mailto: is there even though it should not be). So, actually the way to make it work correctly (at least on my ubuntu box) is to paste the following code in the address bar of the gmail tab: and agree for Gmail to handle the mailto urls. Cool!
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60523	Deep Blind Testing Unexpected Outcome (Ariel Schlesinger) What to Look For Automated Software Testing Reconnaissance: Known Knowns Exploration: Known Unknowns Blind Errands: Unknown Unknowns From Non-regression to Self-improvement Further Reading Ergonomy, Fingertips Errors & Automated Testing When interacting with systems, users do things they aren’t supposed to do and walk along irrelevant, even unthinkable, paths that can put tests designers at a loss. This apparent chink between users’ conscious self and their fingertips can be explained by the way humans assess situations and make decisions. Curtailing it is the aim of ergonomics. Errors at fingerstips (Rembrandt) Anatomy of Errors: from brain to fingers (Rembrandt) Taking a leaf from A. Tversky and D. Kahneman (who received the 2002 Nobel Price in Economics), decision-making relies on two cognitive mechanisms: 1. The first one “operates automatically and quickly, with little or no effort and no sense of voluntary control”. It’s put in use when actual situations must be assessed and decisions taken rapidly if not instantly. 2. The second one “allocates attention to the effortful mental activities that demand it, including complex computations”. It’s put in use when situations can be assessed with regard to past experience in order to support informed decisions making. That distinction can be directly applied to users’ behaviors interacting with systems: 1. Intuitive behavior: decisions are taken on the basis of the visual context and options as presented by users interfaces before taking into account underlying business contents and logic. 2. Rational behavior: decisions are taken on the basis of business contents and logic disregarding supporting systems interfaces. Set in context, that distinction can be put in parallel (but not confused) with the one between domain and functional requirements, the former dealing rationally with business objects and logic, the latter putting the former to use through interactions with supporting systems. Functional requirements describe the part played by supporting systems Functional requirements describe the part played by supporting systems Assuming that business logic should not be contingent on supporting systems interfaces, the best option would be to test its implementation independently of users interactions; moreover, tests targeting intuitive behaviors (i.e not directly based on domain specific contents), could then be generated automatically. Looking for Errors Given that testing is meant to find flaws in deliverables, tests are certainly more effective when designers know what they are looking for. For that purpose phased approaches rely on sequences of differentiated tests dealing successively with programming (unit tests), functional requirements (integration tests), and business requirements (acceptance tests). The unfortunate downside of those policies is that the most wide-ranging flaws are the last to be looked for, with the risk of being found after cascading and costly consequences for functionalities and programs. Phased and Iterative approaches to tests Phased and Iterative approaches to tests Conversely, agile approaches follow iterative policies, with each development cycle combining the definition, programming, and tests of software products. When properly implemented those policies significantly improve the early detection and correction of errors whatever their origin. Yet, since there is no explicit management of intermediate outcomes, it’s difficult to differentiate the tests according the kind of errors to look for, e.g faulty business rules implementation or flawed user interface. Architecture driven approaches may provide an answer, with requirements unambiguously sorted out depending on their architectural footprint: business contents or system functionalities. As a corollary, tests could also be designed along the same lines, targeting business rationale or human behavior. Errors in Mirrors Acceptance tests being performed with regard to requirements, they should be designed along requirements taxonomy, respectively for business logic, users’ interactions, quality of services, and components implementation. Being aligned on requirements, those tests can be neatly defined with regard to closed sets of specifications, functional or otherwise. Functional tests have to expect the unexpected Functional tests have to expect the unexpected But that’s not the case for users’ interactions because people behaviors are not fully predictable; hence, while tests can be systematically designed with regard to the set of users’ actions framed by business and functional requirements, there is no way to comprehensively and unambiguously check for all and every possible behavioral contingencies. That will make for three levels of functional tests: 1. Implementation of business logic: tests should be designed directly from business requirements, independently of interactions with users. 2. Implementation of scenarii: while interactions are defined in reference to business logic, their validation should focus on the presentation of contents and dialog control. 3. Users exceptions: in addition to inputs validity, already checked with business logic, and users’ actions, supposedly secured by interaction scenarii, it is necessary to check that unexpected behaviors have been properly considered . How to check that unexpected behaviors have been properly considered ? How to check that unexpected behaviors have been properly considered ? In other words, functional tests will have to look simultaneously for errors in software (defined with regard to a finite set of requirements), and for users’ mistakes (set in an open range of behaviors). As if tests designers were to mirror users errors in order to look for software ones. So, assuming that errors in business logic and interactions have been considered, what should still be checked, and how ? Fingertips Errors When faced with choices, users bank on mental maps combining graphical and business layers, with the implicit assumption that maps’ contexts and concerns are kept up to date. Those maps combine three communication mechanisms: • Languages, natural or specific, use syntax and semantics to define business contents, logic, and operations. • Icons use similarity for the visual representation of business operations or functional primitives (e.g create, delete, etc). • Signals use proximity to draw users’ attention to predefined events (e.g sounds for operations completion or incoming emails). While language-based interactions are supposedly fully covered by business and functional tests, icons and signals make room for “fingertips” reactions which cannot be directly framed within business logic or functional scenarii, and therefore cannot be comprehensively checked for erroneous behaviors. Icons and signal based communication can trigger unexpected behaviors. Icons and signal based communication can trigger unexpected behaviors. Yet, if instinctive reactions preclude rational considerations, decisions may be swayed by analogies and associations before being informed by the relevant business contents. To prevent that risk, test scenarii built on business logic and functional interactions should be extended in order to take into account the intuitive aspects of users’ behaviors. Mental Maps & Automated Tests As noted above, mental maps are built on three layers, one deep (language semantics) and two shallow (icons and signals). While the shallow layers are supposed to reference the deep one, icons and signals may induce instinctive behaviors independently of the referenced business logic. Those behaviors can be triggered by two kinds of mechanisms: • Analogy: users will look for similarities and familiar configurations. • Proximity: users will look for continuity with regard to scope and operations. Clearly, lapses in such behaviors will normally escape tests designed for business and functional requirements; yet, by being driven by self-contained mechanisms, intuitive behaviors can be checked independently of references to business contents. And that may open the door to automated tests generation. With regard to similarities, tests should look for possible confusion between: • Objects with common representation but specific features (inheritance). • Operations with shared semantics but different scope (polymorphism). • Sequences with shared operations but different timing . With regard to proximity, tests should look for possible confusion between: • Objects and their parts, or between their parts (structural proximity). • Operations usually associated into the same activity (functional proximity). • Operations usually executed successively (chronological proximity). Scripts for such tests could be generated through pattern-matching and run by wizard applications. Further Reading External Links
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60531	Article Text Hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome: a mimicker of systemic lupus erythematosus 1. Krishnendu Roy, 2. Arunansu Talukdar, 3. Bappaditya Kumar, 4. Sumanta Sarkar 1. Department of Medicine, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India 1. Correspondence to Dr Arunansu Talukdar, arka_talukdar{at} A middle aged female patient presented with generalised palpable purpura associated with intense pruritus along with subconjunctival haemorrhage and orbital inflammation. There was extensive dermographism. Other systemic examinations were within normal limits. Haematological profile was normal except raised D-dimer. Skin biopsy revealed the presence of leucocytoclastic vasculitis. Antinuclear antibody was positive in a titre of 1 : 160, but antidouble-stranded DNA was negative. Urine examination revealed haematuria and proteinuria. Complement C3, C4 and C1q levels were decreased with the presence of anti-C1q antibody. There was a diagnostic dilemma between systemic lupus erythematosus and hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome. However, as the patient did not fulfil the American College of Rheumatology criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus, but fulfilled all the criteria for hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome, the case was finally diagnosed as hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome and treated accordingly with favourable outcome. Statistics from Request Permissions
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60549	About Cheryl portrait-parallaxCheryl received a B.A. in Biology from Reed College and a M.F.A. from California Institute of the Arts. Her work deals with science, and the hidden side of nature it reveals. An unusual method is involved. She becomes immersed in the concepts and methods of her topics, sometimes going so far as to engage in basic research, in search of an artistic direction or interpretation. To ensure that it is nested in reality and refers back to the depth and richness encountered in nature her work frequently includes raw data. portrait-2Because each piece embodies the result of engrossed months or years of research, in one respect it may be compared by analogy to a reporters’, or a certain type of novelist’s, work: large amounts of research behind the finished product; in this case, rather than text, visual art. The results often have a singular esthetic quality, combining a sense of the naggingly familiar (reflections of nature) and the strange (images of type never before seen). Upon stepping closer the viewer may feast on delicate pencil lines; at distance the lumps of color and form relieve the detail of radars and electrode recordings into abstract color fields. The works are aesthetic: they are an aesthetic representation of scientific worlds: worlds of data, of human striving and interaction. As Kant points out, one does not need to need to know the biological function of a flower in order to appreciate its beauty. The humor, the unexpected juxtaposition (even goofy), the seriousness, the obsessive attention to accuracy, detail and background knowledge are important qualities of Cotman’s work. Her visual interpretation or representations of the natural world revel in its inventive detail. Through her art she interprets essential concepts in a book, “Big Brain: The Origins and Future of Human Intelligence” which has been translated into Greek and Japanese and featured in popular magazines. Cotman’s drawings have appeared in numerous scientific publications and her larger works have been shown at various museums and galleries including Norma Desmond Productions, the Laguna Art Museum, Oceanside Museum of Art, the Beall Center for Art and Technology and the Basel Art Fair.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60561	Just Another Day The Fairchild Oak Just Another Day Today is just another day but not really. It is a day not to be anywhere, do anything, or explain why I changed my mind about doing nothing and did something. I was awake at 2am listening to the rain, thunder, and cracks of lightning like special effects from an Alfred Hitchcock film flash outside the bedroom window until 4am, when I got out of bed. I was not going back to sleep. Sprinkling cinnamon and sugar on a toasted piece of wheat bread smothered with real butter, I watch the mixture ooze into its crevices’, and ponder whether to brew a cup of coffee to dip its crust in, or walk to the Fairchild Oak, less than a mile from here, but consider how muddy the venture would be, and instead make beef barley soup from left over steak, adding frozen green peas, the petite ones. Today is just another day but not really. After watching an interview on CBS Morning News about Tom Hanks collection of short stories, “Uncommon Type” (the title reflects his fondness for and use of old typewriters) I am reading the book and now in love with him. He laughs at himself, and likes writing because he knows what the prize is inside the box, or so he says.th The book jacket describes Hank’s first work of fiction as one “that dissects, with great affection, humor, and insight, the human condition and all its foibles.” I hear Tom’s voice as I pretend he is reading to me and sip beef broth standing up. Today is just another day but not really, it is the first day of the rest of my life. . . . . just saying
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60579	5 Replies Latest reply on Aug 16, 2017 2:23 AM by anks Bidirectional SPI - only slave communication works I am currently using the PSoC 5 development kit (CY8CKIT-050). I am unable to communicate in both directions. I wrote a simple program where the master reads the slave data, subtract one and writes it so the slave and the slave reads the master data, add one and writes it so the master. So I got two loops. One loop should count up and the other should count down. When I display both values, both are the same and both loops are counting down.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60587	Negotiation Skills for Collective Bargaining Faced with the current challenges of the South African industrial relations climate, be able to negotiate pragmatically and make effective choices. Prepare for your negotiations in a strategic manner and as a result enhance the outcomes achieved. This course can be conducted over two or three consecutive days or in a modularized format, to meet clients' needs. 1. A negotiation process model 1. Experiencing the negotiation process - role-play 2. Challenges to effective negotiation and collective bargaining - case study 3. Group process guidelines 4. The negotiation process 5. The impact of the negotiation process on negotiated outcomes 2. Approaches to negotiation 1. Exploring outcomes in negotiation 2. Exploring approaches to negotiation 3. Understanding positional and needs-based negotiation 4. Creating value and claiming value - adopting a balanced approach 5. The mandating dynamic 6. Strategies for making effective offers and proposals 3. Preparing for negotiation 1. Preparation for negotiation – role-play 2. Creating value through effective preparation 4. Opening the negotiation and exploring - creating value 1. How are you exploring? 2. Effective listening 3. Paraphrasing 4. Reframing 5. The use of questions 6. Opening the negotiation and exploring - role-play 7. Reflection on role-play 8. Generating options 5. Bargaining - claiming value 1. Why deadlock occurs and what to do about it 2. Ideas for breaking apparent deadlock 3. The significance of alternatives to a negotiated agreement 4. Statistics on recent wage settlements 5. Managing emotion 6. Generating options and bargaining - role-play 7. Reflection on role-play 6. Finalising agreement or confirming deadlock This course is accredited by the South African Board for People Practices (SABPP) and is aligned to unit standard unit standard 119939 Conduct Negotiations in Labour Mediation (NQF occupational qualification level 5, 6 credits). How do I find out more? Contact us for an obligation free quote Contact us for more info What participants say "Practical, relevant and factual. Straight to the point." - Delegate, Tongaat Hulett Starch, Sep 2017 "Thought provoking and inspirational." - Shabir Khan, Tongaat Hulett Starch, Sep 2017 "Relevant to my skill of negotiating as a union rep. It was eye opening and educational." - Delegate, Tongaat Hulett Starch, Sep 2017 "The trainer is very experienced and able to provide practical and relevant examples”" - Botswana National Labour Partners, 2012 course "Very useful. I had almost zero knowledge on negotiation but with what I have learnt, I feel confident that I can do far more than I have been able to”" - Botswana National Labour Partners, 2012 course "The material is very useful as all the case studies refer to real life issues we face daily”" - Botswana National Labour Partners, 2012 course Other Courses
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60591	I keep meeting several Business Owners on regular basis. One of the Business owner was Ted. While there are great things to learn from Ted, I was frightened when I got below answers on how how he monitors his business? 1. Balance in Bank Account 2. How I am doing on my sales 3. Gross Margin at superficial level Ted has been in E Commerce business. He sells things at reasonable Gross Margins, Collect Cash immediately and Pay his suppliers at 60 days credit. So all in all… he had positive cash balance and illusion that he was making profit. However, at the yearend Ted use to complain why the net profit margin was paper thin. I had to sit down with Ted and explain him the flow between Gross Profit and Net Profit. I made Ted realise that one of the expense (freight) was eating into his Gross profit disproportionately. We jointly worked together to charge back to the customers while ensuring he has competitive edge. Further, we both worked together to change Ted’s Myopic view about Business and developed a monthly monitoring dashboard. It included the following key Performance Indicators 1. Gross Margin Ratio 2. Net Margin Ratio 3. Costs as a % of Revenue 4. Costs per employee 5. Fixed Costs Ratio 6. Break Even Point 7. Solvency – Current Ratio 8. Gearing – Debt to Equity Ratio 9. Inventory Turnover Ratio 10. Return on Capital Invested Ratio Based on the above KPIs, Ted took decisions and has now been able to earn in first 4 months what he earned during the entire previous year. If you want to learn more about these KPIs… Read More This is how you can calculate the above KPIs: blog 2 blog 3 blog 4
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60623	The Payant API let's you access all the features you use from your dashboard through a beautiful RESTful API that is easy to extend and sync with your database. Before you start reading the documentation, you should Create a Demo Account and obtain your test API keys from your demo account Settings. While testing our API, use as your base url. Remember that all request to the API must be via https. Test Accounts To setup your account on Payant Demo, use your real account details. No real funds will not be remitted to your account. Test Cards All your transactions while on Payant Demo should be processed using this demo cards. Card Number: 5438 8980 1456 0229 Expiry details: 09/19 CVV: 789 PIN: 3310 OTP: 12345 Card Number: 4242 4242 4242 4242 Expiry details: 01/19 CVV: 812 OTP: 12345
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60625	9.148 EMLS 1.2; Darwin-L Humanist ([email protected]) Mon, 11 Sep 1995 23:42:22 -0400 (EDT) Humanist Discussion Group, Vol. 9, No. 148. Center for Electronic Texts in the Humanities (Princeton/Rutgers) [1 ] From: [email protected] (81 ) Subject: EMLS 1.2 Now Available! [2 ] From: [email protected] (36 ) Subject: Disciplinary boundaries / historical sciences Date: Mon, 11 Sep 1995 08:00:36 -0400 From: [email protected] Subject: EMLS 1.2 Now Available! September 1, 1995. EMLS 1.2 Now Available! We are pleased to announce the release of _Early Modern Literary Studies: A Journal of Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century English Literature_, Volume 1, Number 2 (August 1995). An ASCII text version of _EMLS_ is also available to our electronic mail subscribers and those readers using GOPHER. _EMLS_ 1.2 will be available soon via GOPHER at edziza.arts.ubc.ca /english/EMLS To subscribe to the version of _EMLS_ that is distributed through electronic mail, please send a message including your name, affiliation, and electronic mail address to CONTENTS of _EMLS_ Volume 1, Number 2 (August 1995): Front Matter: - Publishing Information, Journal Availability, Contact - Editorial Group. - Submission Information. - A Brief Look Backward and Forward from _EMLS'_ Second Issue. [1]. Raymond G. Siemens, University of British Columbia. - Article Abstracts / Résumés des Articles. - The Texts of _Troilus and Cressida_. [2]. W.L. Godshalk, University of Cincinnati. - 'Not Onely a Pastour, but a Lawyer also': George Herbert's Vision of Stuart Magistracy. [3]. Jeffrey Powers-Beck, East Tennessee State University. - From Book to Screen: A Window on Renaissance Electronic Texts. [4]. Michael Best, University of Victoria, BC. - Affliction and Flight in Herbert's Poetry: A Note. [5]. P.G. Stanwood, University of British Columbia. - A Bibliography of Thomas More's _Utopia_. [6]. Romuald Ian Lakowski. - Vaughan Hart. _Art and Magic in the Court of the Stuarts._ London and New York: Routledge, 1994. [7]. Graham Parry, University of York. - Stevie Davies. _Henry Vaughan_. Wales: Seren, Poetry Wales Press, 1995. [8]. Jeffrey Powers-Beck, East Tennessee State University. - Alvin Snider. _Origin and Authority in Seventeenth-Century England: Bacon, Milton, Butler_. Toronto: Toronto UP, 1994. [9]. Philip Edward Phillips, Vanderbilt University. - Katharine Eisman Maus. _Inwardness and Theater in the English Renaissance_. Chicago: Chicago UP, 1995. [10]. Robert Appelbaum, University of California, Berkeley. - A.W. Johnson. _Ben Jonson: Poetry and Architecture_. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1994. [11]. Robert C. Evans, Auburn University at Montgomery. - Electronic Texts, File Formats, and Copyright: The _Christian Classics Ethereal Library_. [12]. Perry Willett, Indiana University. - Reviewing Information, Books Received for Review, and Forthcoming Reviews. Professional Notes: - The Bibliography and First-Line Index of English Verse, 1559-1603. [13]. Steven W. May, Georgetown College. - _The Shepheardes Calender_ Hypermedia Edition. [14]. John Tolva, Washington University. Readers' Forum: Responses to articles, reviews, and notes appearing in this issue that are intended for the Readers' Forum may be sent to the Editor at [email protected]. Raymond G. Siemens <[email protected]> <URL: http://unixg.ubc.ca:7001/0/e-sources/emls/emlshome.html> Editor, Early Modern Literary Studies, Department of English, University of British Columbia, #397 - 1873 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1. Date: Mon, 11 Sep 1995 23:29:12 -0400 (EDT) From: [email protected] Subject: Disciplinary boundaries / historical sciences Maris Roze asked a few days ago how we might mark "the distinction between the humanities and the social sciences as these relate to courses in history and to 'interdisciplinary' offerings in the area known as Science, Technology, and Society. How would we be shaping history and STS courses, for example, if we wanted them to be either humanities or social science Willard McCarty followed up with a more general question: How do we define the boundary between the humanities and the social sciences other than in institutional terms? Is there, as seems to me, a very large overlap between these two discipline groups? (Archaeology and anthropology, for example, are sometimes found in one group, sometimes in another; History is usually considered one of the humanities but has strong affinities to the social sciences.) In the context of these queries HUMANIST readers might be interested in a list called Darwin-L which is devoted specifically to interdisciplinary studies in the historical sciences, by which we mean evolutionary biology, historical linguistics, archeology, geology, textual transmission, history proper, and any other field that addresses the reconstruction of the past. (In spite of its apparently narrow name, Darwin-L is does not focus exclusively on evolutionary biology.) William Whewell in the nineteenth century coined the term "palaetiology" for these historical sciences taken together, and palaetiology is Darwin-L's domain. Like HUMANIST, Darwin-L has been a good example of the ability of the Internet to bring together scholars from a range of different disciplines who share a certain interest (such as reconstructing the past), but who would not be likely ever to go to one another real life conferences. (How many historical linguists go to the meetings of the Society of Systematic Darwin-L has a web site at http://rjohara.uncg.edu and interested parties are cordially invited to pay us a visit. Alternatively, you may send the message INFO DARWIN-L to [email protected] for more information. The web site includes an archive of all the past discussions on Darwin-L, as well as a page of links to other web sites in the historical sciences. Robert J. O'Hara, Darwin-L list owner ([email protected]) Center for Critical Inquiry in the Liberal Arts and Department of Biology 100 Foust Building, University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro, North Carolina 27412 U.S.A.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60636	• Module deployment Deploy via command line To deploy a module using the inc command line utility, you have to make sure: • You are the owner of the module name you are trying to deploy • You are signed in with your developer account Signing in Simply run inc login to sign in to the CLI. This will open the browser window and request you to sign in to the Includable developer dashboard, if you aren't signed in already. After signing in, return to your terminal window to continue. Note: currently, after deploying using the CLI once, Includable won't auto-deploy using Github anymore. When you run inc publish in a directory with a module.json file, Includable will: • Check if the account you are currently signed in with owns the module with the name value specified in the module.json file. If it doesn't, you will see an error. • Create a ZIP archive of your module, and upload it. • Validate the uploaded ZIP archive. • Distribute the new version of your module across the Includable platform servers.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60637	How to: Create and Configure Virtual Directories in IIS 5.0 and 6.0 You can use IIS Manager to create a virtual directory for an ASP.NET Web application that is hosted in IIS 5.0, IIS 5.1, and IIS 6.0. A virtual directory appears to browsers as if it were contained in a Web server's root directory, even though it can physically reside somewhere else. This approach enables you to publish Web content that is not located under the root folder of a Web server, such as content that is located on a remote computer. It is also a convenient way to set up a site for local Web development work, because it does not require a unique Web site for each virtual directory. This topic explains how you can create a virtual directory and configure it to run ASP.NET pages. For information about how to configure a virtual directory in IIS 7.0, see How to: Create and Configure Virtual Directories and Applications in IIS 7.0. You must create a virtual directory as part of an existing IIS Web site. This can be either the default Web site that is created when IIS is installed, or a Web site that you have created. For more information about how to install and configure IIS, or about how to create a Web site, see the IIS Help or the online IIS product documentation on the Microsoft TechNet Web site. As an alternative to creating a virtual directory for a Web application, you can create a new Web site. For details about how to create a Web site in IIS Manager, see How to: Create and Configure Local ASP.NET Web Sites in IIS 6.0. Creating the Virtual Directory Follow one of the procedures that are described in How to: Open IIS Manager topic to open IIS Manager. You can then create a virtual directory. To create a virtual directory by using IIS Manager 3. In the Virtual Directory Creation Wizard, click Next. 4. In the Alias box, type a name for the virtual directory and then click Next. Choose a short name that is easy to type, because users type this name to access the Web site. 5. In the Path box, type or browse to the physical directory that contains the virtual directory, and then click Next. You can select an existing folder or create a new one to contain the content for the virtual directory. 6. Select the check boxes for the access permissions that you want to assign to the users. By default, the Read and Run Scripts check boxes are selected. These permissions enable you to run ASP.NET pages for many common scenarios. For more information, see the next section in this topic. 7. Click Next and then click Finish. Configuring the Virtual Directory After creating a new virtual directory, you can configure security and authentication for the virtual directory. When you configure security, you specify permissions for an account or group. The following table shows the permissions settings that are available in IIS 5.0, IIS 5.1, and IIS 6.0. Account or Group An account or group that is allowed to browse the site if you disabled anonymous authentication when you created the virtual directory. Read & Execute The account that is configured to access system resources for the ASP.NET current user context, such as the Network Service account (IIS 6.0) or the ASPNET account (IIS 5.0 and 5.1). Read & Execute List Folder Contents To configure security and authentication for a virtual directory 1. In IIS Manager, right-click node for the virtual directory that you want to configure, and then click Properties. 3. Select the check box for the authentication method or methods that you want to use for your virtual directory, and then click OK. By default, the Enable anonymous access and Windows Integrated Authentication check boxes are already selected. The two most common authentication scenarios are as follows: • Windows Integrated authentication for a local intranet site. • Forms authentication for an Internet or extranet site where users access the site through a firewall. To configure authentication for an Internet site, you must configure forms authentication. For more information about authentication options, see ASP.NET Authentication. For a walkthrough that describes how to create a site using Forms authentication, see How to: Implement Simple Forms Authentication. 4. To configure authentication for an intranet or local development scenario, clear the Enable Anonymous access check box, and make sure that the Integrated Windows authentication check box is selected. 5. In Windows Explorer, open the parent folder of the folder that will contain the pages for the site. Right-click the folder and then click Sharing and Security. The Properties dialog box for the folder is displayed. 6. Click the Security tab. 7. In the Group or user names list, select a group or user name. To add a new group or user name, click Add, and then click the Locations button. Select the local computer name from the list and then click OK. Then type the account name that you want to add into the text box. After typing the name, click Check Names to verify the account name. Click OK to add the account. 8. In the Permissions list, select appropriate permissions for the group or user name. 9. Click Apply. 10. Click OK. See Also How to: Implement Simple Forms Authentication Other Resources Administering ASP.NET Web Sites ASP.NET Authentication
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60638	Does This Hold Up Does This Hold Up Ep. 182 - Speed 2 April 23rd, 2018 We are back again for the 100th time, but I think we got everything lined up to continue the show! This week we take on Speed 2. This movie stinks on ice. Listen to find out how we golf and how much we love bird owners.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60640	5,655 Dojos in UK, 32,722 Total Helping people find Dojo since 2004 Currently online: 1883 Visitors Ju Dachi Martial Arts Address & Location Map Ju Dachi Martial Arts is located at Four Squares Community Hall, 1 Marden Square, Drummond Road, London, SE16 2HZ. An interactive map of it's location is shown below. You can get step by step driving directions to Ju Dachi Martial Arts. Please wait while the map loads... Back to Ju Dachi Martial Arts Martial Arts in London Top Martial Arts in London, UK
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60654	Move Quorum Disk Witness to another node I cannot say the Failover Cluster Manager is a very intuitive management interface. It is probably close to one of the worst ones I have had the pleasure to use. Not all of the tasks we want to perform on a cluster are immediately visible or accessible. One of the tasks you made need to perform is a move of all the cluster elements, Applications, CSV master and QUORUM Disk Witness master to another node in your cluster you can perform necessary maintenance on the node. The task of moving the applications and CSV master is simple enough in the management interface, but for what ever reason there is no way to move the QUOROM Disk Witness. Clusters (especially pre 2012 ones) are quite fickle and needy, last thing you want to do is upset them. Rather than rely on the cluster to move the QUORUM Disk Witness master for us when you power down the node we can in fact move it ourselves. 1. On the node that currently has the QUORUM Disk Witness assigned to it open up an administrative command prompt 2. Input the following command: Cluster group “Cluster Group” /move:destinationnode Just replace destinationnode with the name of the node you would like to move the QUORUM Disk Witness to. Short and sweet! Now you have that little bit of more control over your Cluster! James Written by: 1. Sven Sivertsen To move all core cluster resources, right-click the cluster name, choose More Actions -> Move core cluster resources -> select node This will also move the Quorum disk • 16/04/2015 Great pickup there Sven, thanks. Does this apply for 2008 R2 or is it only 2012+? 2. Laura When you execute this command does it cause any interruption to the services if they are already on the other node one is trying to move this to? Helpful? Have a question on the above?
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60656	Over a million developers have joined DZone. Calling All PyCon Rejects! DZone's Guide to Calling All PyCon Rejects! · Web Dev Zone · Free Resource This year is going to be my first PyCon. I'm signed up for the conference and taking a couple of tutorials as well. I'm really looking forwards to attending and decided that not only would I attend I would propose a talk. I knew from the start that my talk proposal probably wouldn't be accepted but I had no idea just how low the odds in fact were. I'm a good presenter - in my new job as a technical instructor I usually have no trouble connecting with my students, thinking on my feet and keeping the material interesting. I recently had a middle-aged engineer taking my Python Fundamentals class tell me "you're the best technical presenter I've ever heard." I haven't done very much conference style presenting outside of a few talks at Baypiggies but I'm not afraid of public speaking, I'm organized, and like to think that I have a decent sense of technical aesthetics - what I find interesting and informative usually strikes other geeks the same way too. Why Didn't I Get to Speak at PyCon? In addition to proposing a talk I also volunteered to serve on the PyCon review board. I have to admit that I mostly lurked - the review board uses a web interface to rate the talks, IRC meetings to initially screen the talks, and then after similar talks are lumped together in groups further IRC meetings are held to approve or reject talks in various categories until enough talks have been accepted. I realized after a few reviews that not only wasn't I qualified to speak at PyCon I probably wasn't qualified to review talks for PyCon. I've never been to a technical conference - even a smaller regional one - and I don't know the Python community outside the Bay Area at all. Because I've never been to a conference I wasn't thinking of the success of the conference when I proposed my talk - I was just thinking about me and what I would have fun playing with and talking about. Two things stood out to me in the review process. First - given the number of talks submitted (~400) and the number accepted (~100) there is no reason for a talk to be accepted without multiple reviewers saying "I've heard this submitter before and can vouch for his or her presenting skills". This is absolutely relevant because it also affects conference-goers decisions. It certainly affects mine - I signed up for the IPython tutorial because Fernando Perez is teaching it. I've never heard Fernando talk but I can't imagine that the creator of IPython won't have something interesting to say about it. I don't know if it would have caught my eye if it was taught by a name I didn't recognize. Second - the topic needs to attract a broad set of attendees. I proposed a talk on a package that is little known in a niche area. I remain absolutely confident that I could put together an interesting presentation - but would anyone come? If neither the name of the presenter nor the topic inherently draw a broad base of interest then the talk won't be competitive. Uncompetitive talks aren't good for a conference. The Benefits of Rejection I can see the benefits of my rejection. For instance I am grateful that I was not accepted only to end up speaking to an empty room. Rejection is always better than public suckage! More specifically I now know what I need to do to (hopefully) eventually speak at PyCon and it turns out that its something that will be good for me and for the Python community. Here, of course, is where you come in as well. I remain confident that my proposal would make a good informative and entertaining talk. I also now understand that without a track record of conference presentation skills (or a role with a popular Python tool or program) I won't be speaking at PyCon. to get to my goal I need to do a couple of things. First I should go ahead and do my talk - and you should too, fellow rejectees. As one of the organizers of a Python UG I know that it is sometimes difficult to find and schedule interesting talks. Your local area Python group is probably no different. I'll be finishing my talk and pitching it to Baypiggies next year and I'd like to encourage you to do the same wherever you are. This will be good for me - I can practice my presentation-fu and polish my talk. It will also be good for my immediate Python community if my talk is as interesting and informative as I think it can be. I'm hoping to go one step further, however, and you if you have no local Python UG you might have to proceed immediately to step two. Take a look at the python.org list of conferences. I'm just guessing but I bet the competition to present at PyOhio or PyTexas would be considerable less rigorous than at PyCon. There are also other conferences that are not specifically oriented towards Python but would accept Python talks. How great for the Python community would it be if in 2012 local Python conferences had lots of great talks to choose from and other more diverse conferences benefited from strong Python tracks? If your proposal didn't get accepted for PyCon take your talk to your local Python UG and polish your skills - this will be good for them and good for you. Propose the talk to a regional Python or Open Source conference in 2012; you've already got the proposal written! If you weren't brave enough to propose a talk this year but would like to present at PyCon "someday" start preparing now by participating in the larger Python community. When you write your PyCon proposal next year perhaps your additional success and exposure will mean that your proposal makes it past the initial screening. Published at DZone with permission of Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own. {{ parent.title \|\| parent.header.title}} {{ parent.tldr }} {{ parent.urlSource.name }}
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60678	The Evolution of God The Evolution of God, 2009 by Robert Wright, has two big ideas. Convincing: Our ideas of gods or God evolve in a social and political context. When we see gain in warfare, we imagine a vengeful God, but when our interests lie in coöperating with other nations, we imagine a compassionate God. Doctrinal differences among sects can be an excuse for schism if one side or the other wants to compete, but differences are easily papered over if everyone wants to coöperate. Over millenia, technological progress (specialization, trade) has shifted the incentives for nations: it's become more likely that coöperation is beneficial and less likely that we expect gain from war. Thus God has grown ever more universal and moral. Not so convincing: God is real, if we name the source of our moral progress "God". Wright argues that the forces motivating us to coöperate are pervasive and will grow stronger, and since these forces have some of the characteristics assigned to God, we should call them God. I find this problematic. For one thing, everything changes eventually, and I suspect that changes in technology or the environment may in the future push us all into war as powerfully as we are now pushed into peace. Second, even if we will always be guided by an invisible hand toward greater harmony, this force is nothing like God. Those who believe in God largely believe in a super-person, a being with ideas and intentions. Humans' natural evolution toward coöperation is a wonderful thing, but without a guiding person intending this evolution, it can't be called God. It's just good luck. Bonus: Funny and casual writing, and reams of pages of charming anecdotes about ancient religion. Wright's case studies give a nice overview of the history of Abrahamic religions, from the arising of Judaism to the life of Mohammed. Wright, aiming at a general audience, lightly guides the reader through both the conventional narratives and the revisionist histories now emerging. Fascinating facts and speculations about early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, revealing the surprising old doctrines that have been swept under the rug. (Polytheistic Jews? Goddess-worshiping Muslims?) These theories are not unknown to scholars, but they were unknown to me, and they made for entertaining reading.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60681	Sodium bisulfite From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from E222) Jump to navigation Jump to search Sodium bisulfite Sodium bisulfite.png Ball-and-stick model of a bisulfite anion (left) and a sodium cation (right) IUPAC name Sodium hydrogen sulfite Other names 3D model (JSmol) ECHA InfoCard 100.028.680 E number E222 (preservatives) RTECS number VZ2000000 Molar mass 104.061 g/mol Appearance White solid Odor Slight sulfurous odor Density 1.48 g/cm3 42 g/100mL Harmful (Xn) R-phrases (outdated) R22 R31 S-phrases (outdated) (S2), S25, S46 NFPA 704 Flash point Non-flammable Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): 2340 mg/kg (oral, rat)[2] US health exposure limits (NIOSH): PEL (Permissible) REL (Recommended) TWA 5 mg/m3[1] IDLH (Immediate danger) Related compounds Other anions Sodium sulfite Sodium metabisulfite Other cations Potassium bisulfite ☒N verify (what is ☑Y☒N ?) Infobox references Sodium bisulfite (or sodium bisulphite, sodium hydrogen sulfite) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NaHSO3. Sodium bisulfite is a food additive with E number E222. This salt of bisulfite can be prepared by bubbling sulfur dioxide in a solution of sodium carbonate in water. Sodium bisulfite in contact with chlorine bleach (aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite) will generate heat and form sodium bisulfate and sodium chloride.[citation needed] Sodium bisulfite can be prepared by bubbling excess sulfur dioxide through a solution of suitable base, such as sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate. SO2 + NaOH → NaHSO3 SO2 + NaHCO3 → NaHSO3 + CO2 Sodium bisulfite is a weakly acidic species with a pKa of 6.97. Its conjugate base is the sulfite ion, SO32−: HSO3 ↔ SO32− + H+ The theoretical fully protonated species is sulfurous acid (H2SO3); however this does not exist in solution and treatment of sodium bisulfite with acids will result in decomposition with telltale effervescence of sulfur dioxide, e.g., NaHSO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + SO2 In organic chemistry sodium bisulfite has several applications. It forms a bisulfite adduct with aldehyde groups and with certain cyclic ketones to give a sulfonic acid.[3] Bisulfite reaction This reaction is useful for purification procedures. Contaminated aldehydes in a solution precipitate as the bisulfite adduct which can be isolated by filtration. The reverse reaction takes place in presence of a base such as sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydroxide and the bisulfite is liberated as sulfur dioxide.[4] Bisulfite adduct Examples of such procedures are described for benzaldehyde,[5] 2-tetralone,[6] citral,[7] the ethyl ester of pyruvic acid[8] and glyoxal.[9] In the ring-expansion reaction of cyclohexanone with diazald, the bisulfite reaction is reported to be able to differentiate between the primary reaction product cycloheptanone and the main contaminant cyclooctanone.[10] The other main use of sodium bisulfite is as a mild reducing agent in organic synthesis in particular in purification procedures. It can efficiently remove traces or excess amounts of chlorine, bromine, iodine, hypochlorite salts, osmate esters, chromium trioxide and potassium permanganate. A third use of sodium bisulfite is as a decoloration agent in purification procedures because it can reduce strongly coloured oxidizing agents, conjugated alkenes and carbonyl compounds. Sodium bisulfite is also the key ingredient in the Bucherer reaction. In this reaction an aromatic hydroxyl group is replaced by an aromatic amine group and vice versa because it is a reversible reaction. The first step in this reaction is an addition reaction of sodium bisulfite to an aromatic double bond. The Bucherer carbazole synthesis is a related organic reaction that uses sodium bisulfite as a reagent. Uses in food and FDA ban[edit] While the related compound, sodium metabisulfite, is used in almost all commercial wines to prevent oxidation and preserve flavor, sodium bisulfite is sold by some home winemaking suppliers for the same purpose.[11] In fruit canning, sodium bisulfite is used to prevent browning (caused by oxidation) and to kill microbes. In the case of wine making, sodium bisulfite releases sulfur dioxide gas when added to water or products containing water. The sulfur dioxide kills yeasts, fungi, and bacteria in the grape juice before fermentation. When the sulfur dioxide levels have subsided (about 24 hours), fresh yeast is added for fermentation. It is later added to bottled wine to prevent the formation of vinegar if bacteria are present, and to protect the color, aroma and flavor of the wine from oxidation, which causes browning and other chemical changes. The sulfur dioxide quickly reacts with oxidation by-products and prevents them from causing further deterioration. Sodium bisulfite is also added to leafy green vegetables in salad bars and elsewhere, to preserve apparent freshness, under names like LeafGreen. The concentration is sometimes high enough to cause allergic reactions.[12] On July 8, 1986, sodium bisulfite was banned from use by the FDA on fresh fruits and vegetables in the United States following the deaths of 13 people and many illnesses, mainly among asthmatics.[13] Bisulfite DNA sequencing[edit] The chemical reaction that underlies the bisulfite-mediated conversion of cytosine to uracil. Sodium bisulfite is used in the analysis of the methylation status of cytosines in DNA. In this technique, sodium bisulfite deaminates cytosine into uracil, but does not affect 5-methylcytosine, a methylated form of cytosine with a methyl group attached to carbon 5. When the bisulfite-treated DNA is amplified via polymerase chain reaction, the uracil is amplified as thymine and the methylated cytosines are amplified as cytosine. DNA sequencing techniques are then used to read the sequence of the bisulfite-treated DNA. Those cytosines that are read as cytosines after sequencing represent methylated cytosines, while those that are read as thymines represent unmethylated cytosines in the genomic DNA.[14] Industrial uses[edit] A tank containing 25% sodium bisulfite at a water treatment plant in Sunnyvale, California. Sodium bisulfite is a common reducing agent in the chemical industry, as it readily reacts with dissolved oxygen: 2 NaHSO3 + O2 → 2 NaHSO4 In drinking water treatment, sodium bisulfite is often added after super chlorination, to reduce the residual chlorine before discharging to the service reservoir. In wastewater treatment, sodium bisulfite is often added following disinfection with chlorine prior to discharging the effluent to the receiving water. Residual chlorine can have a negative impact on aquatic life. In steam boilers, sodium bisulfite has been a reliable oxygen scavenger in boiler feedwater for approximately 60 years. This compound is characterized as having fast reaction times, low use-cost, years of proven performance, availability. Sodium bisulfite when used in steam boilers has FDA and USDA approvals.[15] See also[edit] 1. ^ a b c "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0561". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2. ^ 3. ^ Steven D. Young, Charles T. Buse, and Clayton H. Heathcock (1990). "2-Methyl-2-(Trimethylsiloxy)pentan-3-one". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, 7, p. 381 4. ^ S. A. Buntin and Richard F. Heck (1990). "2-Methyl-3-phenylpropanal". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, 7, p. 361 5. ^ Harold M. Taylor and Charles R. Hauser (1973). "α-(N,N-Dimethylamino)phenylacetonitrile". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, 5, p. 437 6. ^ M. D. Soffer, M. P. Bellis, Hilda E. Gellerson, and Roberta A. Stewart (1963). "β-Tetralone". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, 4, p. 903 7. ^ Alfred Russell and R. L. Kenyon (1955). "Pseudoionone". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, 3, p. 747 8. ^ J. W. Cornforth (1963). "Ethyl Pyruvate". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, 4, p. 467 9. ^ Anthony R. Ronzio and T. D. Waugh (1955). "Glyoxal Bisulfite". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, 3, p. 438 10. ^ Hyp J. Dauben, Jr., Howard J. Ringold, Robert H. Wade, David L. Pearson, and Arthur G. Anderson, Jr. "Cycloheptanone". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, 4, p. 221 11. ^ The Many Uses Of Sodium Bisulfite 12. ^ Albertson, Timothy Eugene (2006). Bronchial Asthma: A Guide for Practical Understanding and Treatment (Current Clinical Practice) (fifth ed.). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. pp. 260–266. ISBN 1-58829-872-8. Retrieved 2011-11-11. 13. ^ Molotsky, Irvin (July 9, 1986). "U.S. ISSUES BAN ON SULFITES' USE IN CERTAIN FOODS". The New York Times. Retrieved 2017-10-09. 14. ^ Frommer, M.; McDonald, L. E.; Millar, D. S.; Collis, C.M.; Watt, F.; Grigg, G.W.; Molloy P.L.; Paul, C.L. (1992). "A genomic sequencing protocol that yields a positive display of 5-methylcytosine residues in individual DNA strands" (free full text). PNAS. 89 (5): 1827–31. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.5.1827. PMC 48546. PMID 1542678. 15. ^ Wolfe, Thomas W. "Operation of Deaerators to Increase Boiler System Reliability" (PDF). The Analyst: Voice of the Water Treatment Industry. Association of Water Technologies. Retrieved 2017-08-03.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60683	Kings Walk Shopping Centre, Gloucester From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Kings Walk Shopping Centre Kings Walk Shopping Centre (7).jpg LocationGloucester, England Coordinates51°51′53″N 2°14′42″W / 51.8646334°N 2.24505711°W / 51.8646334; -2.24505711Coordinates: 51°51′53″N 2°14′42″W / 51.8646334°N 2.24505711°W / 51.8646334; -2.24505711 Address37-41 Clarence Street, Gloucester GL1 1EA. Opening date1969 - 1972 DeveloperGloucester City Council (Land), Aviva Investors (Shops) OwnerReef Estates No. of stores and services29 No. of floors1 Parking290 spaces (16 Disabled spaces)[1] WebsiteOfficial site Kings Walk Shopping Centre is a single-storey indoor shopping centre in Gloucester, England. Built between 1969 and 1972,[2] it is part of the Kings Quarter development that includes an outdoor pedestrianised area.[3][4] View of Kings Walk Shopping Centre, towards Eastgate Street Before it became a shopping centre, it was called Kings Street. This was primarily an industrial area and included a factory, which was built in 1873, for the printer John Bellows. This area was gradually commercialised with a lot of rebuilding done after the first world war between the 1920s and the 1930s. The north part of Kings Street was demolished in the 1920s when Kings Square was built.[5] One of the largest commercial developments took place between 1927 and 1929 and involved the creation of The Oxbode and Kings Square. It also involved the demolition of the many buildings in St Aldate Street, Kings Street and New Inn Lane, making room for new commercial buildings. Kings Square was enlarged in the 1960s and the space was made for the Kings Walk Shopping Centre to be developed.[3] In a large redevelopment of central Gloucester between 1969 and 1972 which involved Kings Street, Kings Square, Dog Lane and Clarence Street, shops were built on both sides of Kings Street and it was covered becoming pedestrianised indoor area called Kings Walk.[4] Eastgate House, an Adamish stone fronted building, was demolished when the shopping centre was developed.[6] A rooftop car park was built over the shopping centre. A pedestrian footbridge on the second floor spanned over Eastgate Street to link the Eastgate Shopping Centre and Kings Walk however, this has now been closed off.[7] In June 2016, the investment firm Vixcroft made a bid to buy the shopping centre from Aviva Investors, who have owned the shopping centre since 1969, for £25 Million. However, due to a clause in the contract regarding Brexit the deal fell through. In July 2017, Reef Estates approached Aviva Investments and successfully completed a deal to buy the shopping centre.[8][9] In March 2018, it was announced that £12 million would be invested to reface the shopping centre and remodel shopfronts in Kings Square and Eastgate Street. The work is planned to be completed by 2020.[10] Kings Walk Bastion[edit] Sideways view of the trapdoor to Kings Walk Bastion in Kings Walk Shopping Centre The Kings Walk Bastion is a 1,900 year old Roman city wall and tower, located beneath a trapdoor in the Kings Walk Shopping Centre. The earliest part of the bastion is thought to be a Roman fortress built around 60AD. Originally the bastion consisted of a sand and clay rampart with a wooden tower and a defensive ditch. At the end of the first century, the fortress was decommissioned so a new city could be built. This was intended to be a Roman Colonia. Stone parts of the bastion were built in the 3rd and 4th centuries, from Cotswold limestone. This wall was approximately five metres high and three metres wide and made part of the wall that surrounded the whole city at the time. The fourth century sections of the wall consist of massive blocks of stone with small rectangular holes on the inside where scaffolding would have been set. A semi-circular tower was added in the thirteenth century on the outside of the wall.[11][12] Archaeologists began investigations in Kings Square in 1934, where they found the corner of a Roman city wall and remains of a medieval tower 2 to 3 metres underground. The site under Kings Street and Kings Square was fully excavated by archaeologists between May and June 1969 before the redevelopment of Kings Street. In 1975, the site was opened to the public however it had to be closed in the mid-1990s due to underground flooding. In 2016, the Gloucester city council restored electricity to the site, installed a pump and lighting.[11] Then on the 8 September 2016 the site was reopened to the public.[13] It is thought that the remains of a Postern Gate are also located under Kings Walk but the exact location of the gate is still unknown.[3] 1. ^ "Kings Walk Multi-Storey Car Park". Retrieved 5 March 2017. 2. ^ Verey, David; Brooks, Alan (1970). "The City Centre:3". Gloucestershire:The Vale and the Forest of Dean. p. 487. 3. ^ a b c "Planning Concept Statement -KINGS QUARTER" (PDF). Gloucester Partnership. Retrieved 5 March 2017. 4. ^ a b "Gloucester, 1835-1985: Topography". British History. Retrieved 5 March 2017. 5. ^ "Gloucester: Street names". British History. Retrieved 5 March 2017. 6. ^ Jordan, Christine (2015). "5. Notable Gloucestrians". Secret Gloucester. 7. ^ "Celebrating 40 years of the Eastgate Shopping Centre". The Citizen. 4 July 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2017.[permanent dead link] 8. ^ "Brexit halts £25million Gloucester Kings Walk investment deal". 15 August 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2017. 9. ^ "New owners announced for Kings Walk Shopping Centre". Gloucestershire Live. 10 July 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017. 10. ^ "The £12m plan that could change shopping in Gloucester forever - and why Eastgate Street might never look the same again". Gloucestershire Live. 21 March 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2018. 11. ^ a b "The King's Walk Bastion" (PDF). Gloucester History Festival. Retrieved 5 March 2017. 12. ^ "Gloucester Civic Trust - History" (PDF). Retrieved 5 March 2017. 13. ^ "Gloucester's hidden Roman history opened to the public". BBC News. 2 September 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60685	Richard Barry Bernstein From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Richard Bernstein Born(1923-10-31)October 31, 1923 DiedJuly 8, 1990(1990-07-08) (aged 66) Alma materColumbia University Known forFemtochemistry LeRoy-Bernstein Theory LeRoy-Bernstein Distance AwardsNational Medal of Science, National Academy of Sciences Award, Willard Gibbs Award, Peter Debye Award, Irving Langmuir Award, Welch Award Scientific career FieldsChemical Physicist Chemical Kineticist InstitutionsUniversity of Michigan University of Wisconsin University of Texas Doctoral advisorT.I. Taylor Doctoral studentsRobert J. LeRoy Richard Barry Bernstein (October 31, 1923 – July 8, 1990) was an American physical chemist. He is primarily known for his researches in chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics by molecular beam scattering and laser techniques. He is credited with having founded femtochemistry, which laid the groundwork for developments in femtobiology. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1970.[1] Among his awards were the National Medal of Science and the Willard Gibbs Award, both in 1989. Bernstein suffered a heart attack in Moscow and died shortly afterwards in Helsinki, Finland, aged 66. External links[edit]
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60686	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Temporal range: Maastrichtian, 70–68.5 Ma Saurolophus mount.jpg S. angustirostris skeleton and skull Scientific classification edit Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Dinosauria Order: Ornithischia Suborder: Ornithopoda Family: Hadrosauridae Subfamily: Saurolophinae Tribe: Saurolophini Genus: Saurolophus Brown, 1912 Type species Saurolophus osborni Brown, 1912 S. osborni Brown, 1912 S. angustirostris Rozhdestvensky, 1952 Saurolophus (/sɔːˈrɒləfəs/; meaning "lizard crest") is a genus of large saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaurs that lived about 70.0–68.5 million years ago,[1] in the Late Cretaceous of North America and Asia; it is one of the few genera of dinosaurs known from multiple continents. It is distinguished by a spike-like crest which projects up and back from the skull. Saurolophus was a herbivorous dinosaur which could move about either bipedally or quadrupedally. The type species, S. osborni, was described by Barnum Brown in 1912 from Canadian fossils. A second valid species, S. angustirostris, is represented by numerous specimens from Mongolia, and was described by Anatoly Konstantinovich Rozhdestvensky. Discovery and history[edit] Photo from the excavation of S. osborni in 1911 Barnum Brown recovered the first described remains of Saurolophus in 1911, including a nearly complete skeleton (AMNH 5220). Now on display in the American Museum of Natural History, this skeleton was the first nearly complete dinosaur skeleton from Canada. It was found in rocks of early Maastrichtian age, in the Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation (then known as the Edmonton Formation) near Tolman Ferry on the Red Deer River in Alberta. Brown wasted little time in describing his material,[2][3] giving it its own subfamily.[4] Saurolophus was an important early reference for other hadrosaurs, as seen in the names of Prosaurolophus ("before Saurolophus") and Parasaurolophus ("near Saurolophus"). However, little additional material has been recovered and described. Instead, more abundant remains from Asia have provided more data. Initial remains were not promising; a partial fragmentary ischium from Heilongjiang, China, that Riabinin named S. kryschtofovici.[5] Much better remains were soon recovered, though, but from Mongolia's early Maastrichtian-age Nemegt Formation. The 1946–1949 Russian-Mongolian paleontological expeditions recovered the large skeleton that became S. angustirostris as described by Anatoly Rozhdestvensky.[6] Other skeletons from a variety of growth stages have also been discovered, and S. angustirostris is now the most abundant Asian hadrosaurid.[7] A photograph of the panel mount of the holotype of S. osborni, from Barnum Brown, 1913 Two species are regarded as valid today: the type species S. osborni, and S. angustirostris. S. osborni Brown, 1912 is known from a skull and skeleton, two other complete skulls, and skull fragments. S. angustirostris (Rozhdestvensky, 1952) is known from at least 15 specimens.[8] It differs from S. osborni by some details of the skull, as well as in the pattern of scales found in skin impressions. The Mongolian species had a longer skull (by 20%) and the front of the snout (the premaxillary bones) were more upwardly directed.[9] S. angustirostris also had a distinctive row of rectangular scales along the midline of the back and tail, known as 'midline feature-scales'; these are not currently preserved in S. osborni. In S. angustirostris, the scales on the tail flank were arranged in vertical patterns, which may have corresponded to striped coloration in life. This area was covered in radial scale patterns in S. osborni, possibly indicating a more mottled or spotted coloration.[10] S. kryschtofovici Riabinin, 1930 is not considered valid; either it is regarded as a dubious name,[11][8] or as a synonym of S. angustirostris[7] (although the name antedates S. angustirostris).[12] Restoration of S. angustirostris Until a 2011 reevaluation of the species by Phil R. Bell, S. angustoristris was not well-described. No autapomorphies, unique derived traits, had been established distinguishing it from S. osborni. Bell found in a publication earlier in the year that the two previous studies of S. angustirostris, by Rozhdestvensky in 1952, and Maryanska and Osmolska in 1981, do not provide a comprehensive enough description to compare the species with S. osborni.[13] In 1939–40, two partial skeletons were found in the late Maastrichtian age Moreno Formation of California. These specimens were referred to cf. Saurolophus sp. In 2010, one of the skulls was instead assigned to Edmontosaurus.[14] A 2013 placed the two specimens in a new species, S. morrisi.[12] In 2014, the species was reassigned to a new genus, Augustynolophus.[15] The size of the two Saurolophus species compared to a human Saurolophus is known from material including nearly complete skeletons, giving researchers a clear picture of its bony anatomy. S. osborni, the rarer Albertan species, was around 9.8 m (32 ft) long, with its skull 1.0 m (3.3 ft) long.[16] Its weight is estimated at 1.9 tonnes (2.1 tons).[7] S. angustirostris, the Mongolian species, was larger; the type skeleton is roughly 12 m (39 ft) long, and larger remains are reported.[7] The largest known skull of S.angustirostris measures 1.22 m (4.0 ft) in length.[13] Aside from size, the two species are virtually identical, with differentiation hindered by lack of study.[11] Restoration of S. osborni The most distinctive feature of Saurolophus is its cranial crest, which is present in young individuals, but is smaller. It is long and spike-like and projects upward and backward at about a 45° angle, starting from over the eyes. This crest is often described as solid, but appears to be solid only at the point, with internal chambers that may have had a respiratory and/or heat-regulation function.[17] The unique crest of Saurolophus is made up almost completely by the nasal bones, and in S. angustirostris it is solid.[clarification needed] In adult specimens the crests are a rounded triangular shape in cross section. The crest protrudes past the edge of the skull backwards. Thin processes from the frontals and prefrontals extend along the underside of the crest, probably to strengthen it. At the end of the crest is a swelling of the nasal, which is often termed differently.[13] The holotype of S. angustirostris is a skull and postcrania, so the cranium of the species is well-described. Bell et al. re-evaluated the entire species in a 2011 publication with Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. Their description found the skull to be generalized among hadrosaurines, and are much larger than any skulls of S. osborni. The most unusual feature for a hadrosaurine is the long, protruding, solid crest that extends upwards diagonally from the back of the skull roof. Unlike lambeosaurines, the crests are made up completely of the nasal bone. The premaxilla bones make up almost 50% of the entire skull length, and both sides are filled with small holes. Only in adult individuals has the front of the premaxillary contact been fused. Longer than the premaxilla, the nasal bones are the longest in the skull. They make up the entire length of the crest, and are never preserved as fused.[13] Skull of the holotype specimen of S. osborni S. angustirostris skin impressions Barnum Brown, who described the first specimens, put it in its own subfamily in "Trachodontidae" (=Hadrosauridae), the Saurolophinae. At the time, this also included Corythosaurus and Hypacrosaurus, the only well-known examples of what would become the Lambeosaurinae.[4] Brown thought that Saurolophus had an expanded tip to the ischium bone in the hip, as dinosaurs now recognized as lambeosaurines had, but this appears to have been based on a mistakenly associated lambeosaurine ischium. Additionally, he misinterpreted the crests of Saurolophus and lambeosaurines as being made of the same bones.[18] Most publications before 2010 classified Saurolophus as a member of Hadrosaurinae, often known colloquially as the "flat-headed hadrosaurs". In 2010, the subfamily Saurolophinae was brought back into use because Hadrosaurus appears to have branched off prior to the "hadrosaurine"–lambeosaurine split. As a result, Hadrosaurinae by definition cannot include the traditional "hadrosaurines". Saurolophinae is the oldest available name for the former "hadrosaurine" clade.[19] Saurolophus, as the name suggests, is a saurolophine, as it has a saurolophine pelvis and a (largely) solid crest. The following cladogram of hadrosaurid relationships was published in 2013 by Alberto Prieto-Márquez et al. in Acta Palaeontologica Polonica:[20] Acristravus gagstarsoni Brachylophosaurus canadensis Maiasaura peeblesorum Shantungosaurus giganteus Edmontosaurus regalis Edmontosaurus annectens Kerberosaurus manakini Sabinas OTU Prosaurolophus maximus Saurolophus morrisi (now Augustynolophus) Saurolophus osborni Saurolophus angustirostris Wulagasaurus dongi Kritosaurus navajovius Secernosaurus koerneri Willinakaqe salitralensis Gryposaurus latidens Gryposaurus notabilis Gryposaurus monumentensis Saurolophus restoration As a hadrosaurid, Saurolophus would have been a bipedal/quadrupedal herbivore, eating a variety of plants. Its skull permitted a grinding motion analogous to chewing, and its teeth were continually replacing and packed into dental batteries that contained hundreds of teeth, only a relative handful of which were in use at any time. Plant material would have been cropped by its broad beak, and held in the jaws by a cheek-like organ. Its feeding range would have extended from the ground to about 4 m (13 ft) above.[8] Crest function[edit] Skull of S. osborni The distinctive spike-like crest of Saurolophus has been interpreted in multiple ways, and could have had multiple functions. Brown compared it to the crest of a chameleon, and suggested it could provide an area for muscle attachment and a connection point for a nonbody back frill like that seen in the basilisk lizard. Peter Dodson interpreted similar features in other duckbills as having use in sexual identification.[21] Maryańska and Osmólska, noting the hollow base, suggested that the crest increased the surface area of the respiratory cavity, and helped in thermoregulation.[17] James Hopson supported a function as a visual signal, and further mentioned the possibility that the inflatable skin flaps over the nostrils could have acted as resonators and additional visual signals.[22] This idea has been picked up by authors of popular dinosaur works, such as David B. Norman, who discussed hadrosaurid display at length and included a life restoration of such an adaptation in action.[23] The cranial ontogeny of Saurolophus angustirostris Though the growth rates of Saurolophus are poorly understood, a group of perinatal Saurolophus was recently discovered in an area of the Gobi Desert known as "The Dragon's Tomb".[24] The animals uncovered had skull lengths less than five percent of the length of the skulls of the adults, indicating they were in the earliest developmental stage at the time of their deaths The discovery of Saurolophus neonates also indicates the distinct crest found in adults was poorly developed in infancy. It remains unknown if the animals were still within their eggs or if they had hatched before they died. The specimens were described in the journal PLOS One on October 14, 2015 by Leonard Dewaele et al.[25] Restoration of Tarbosaurus pursuing S. angustirostris S. osborni is known only from the upper part (unit 4) of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation. It lived alongside other dinosaur species including the ornithopods Hypacrosaurus altispinus and Parksosaurus warreni, ankylosaurid Anodontosaurus lambei, pachycephalosaurid Sphaerotholus edmontonense, ornithomimids Ornithomimus brevitertius and an unnamed species of Struthiomimus, small theropods including Atrociraptor marshalli and Albertonykus borealis, and the tyrannosauroid Albertosaurus sarcophagus.[26] The dinosaurs from this formation form part of the Edmontonian land vertebrate age.[27] The Horseshoe Canyon Formation is interpreted as having a significant marine influence, due to an encroaching Western Interior Seaway, the shallow sea that covered the midsection of North America through much of the Cretaceous.[27] S. osborni may have preferred to stay inland.[8] A 2001 study suggested that Saurolophus osborni was part of a distinct inland fauna characterized by an association between Anchiceratops ornatus and it, while the contemporary coastal fauna was characterized by the association of Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis and Edmontosaurus regalis.[28] However, the association between S. osborni and Anchiceratops was later noted to be in error, Anchiceratops only occurs lower in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, before the major transgression of the Western Interior Seaway represented by the Drumheller Marine Tongue.[29] S. angustirostris was one of the largest herbivores of the Nemegt Formation, which lacked large horned dinosaurs, but had sauropods and a more diverse theropod fauna. It coexisted with the rare hadrosaurid Barsboldia, flat-headed pachycephalosaurian Homalocephale and domed Prenocephale, the large ankylosaurid Saichania, rare saltasaurid sauropods Nemegtosaurus and Opisthocoelicaudia, the alvarezsaurid Mononykus, three types of troodontids including Zanabazar, several oviraptorosaurians including Rinchenia and Nomingia, the ostrich-mimics Gallimimus and Deinocheirus, therizinosaurid Therizinosaurus, tyrannosaurid relative Bagaraatan, and the tyrannosaurid Tarbosaurus.[26] Unlike other Mongolian formations like the well-known Djadochta Formation that includes Velociraptor and Protoceratops, the Nemegt is interpreted as being well-watered, like the Dinosaur Park Formation in Alberta.[27] When examined, the rock facies of the Nemegt formation suggest the presence of stream and river channels, mudflats, and shallow lakes. Sediments also indicate that a rich habitat existed, offering diverse food in abundant amounts that could sustain Cretaceous dinosaurs.[30] S. angustirostris was common, and would have been an important large herbivore in the Nemegt Formation. By comparison, S. osborni was rare in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, and faced competition from other duckbills (genus Hypacrosaurus).[citation needed] Comparisons between the scleral rings of Saurolophus and modern birds and reptiles suggest that it may have been cathemeral, active throughout the day at short intervals.[31] See also[edit] 2. ^ Brown, Barnum (1912). "A crested dinosaur from the Edmonton Cretaceous". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 31 (14): 131–136. Retrieved 2007-04-29. 3. ^ Brown, Barnum (1913). "The skeleton of Saurolophus, a crested duck-billed dinosaur from the Edmonton Cretaceous". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 32 (19): 387–393. Retrieved 2007-04-29. 4. ^ a b Brown, Barnum (1914). "Corythosaurus casuarius, a new crested dinosaur from the Belly River Cretaceous, with provisional classification of the family Trachodontidae". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 33 (55): 559–564. Retrieved 2007-04-29. 5. ^ Riabinin, Anatoly Nikolaenvich, N. (1930). "On the age and fauna of the dinosaur beds on the Amur River". Mémoir, Société Mineral Russia (in Russian). 59: 41–51. 6. ^ Rozhdestvensky, Anatoly K. (1952). Новый представитель утконосых динозавров из верхнемеловых отложений Монголии [A new representative of the duck-billed dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous deposits of Mongolia]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR (in Russian). 86 (2): 405–408. 7. ^ a b c d Glut, Donald F. (1997). "Saurolophus". Dinosaurs: The Encyclopedia. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. pp. 788–789. ISBN 0-89950-917-7. 9. ^ Bell, Phil R. (2011). "Cranial osteology and ontogeny of Saurolophus angustirostris from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia with comments on Saurolophus osborni from Canada" (pdf). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 56: 703–722. doi:10.4202/app.2010.0061. 10. ^ Bell, P.R. (2012). "Standardized Terminology and Potential Taxonomic Utility for Hadrosaurid Skin Impressions: A Case Study for Saurolophus from Canada and Mongolia". PLoS ONE. 7 (2): e31295. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031295. PMC 3272031. PMID 22319623. 12. ^ a b Albert Prieto-Márquez & Jonathan R. Wagner (2013). "A new species of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of the Pacific coast of North America". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 58 (2): 255–268. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0049. 13. ^ a b c d Bell, P. R. (2011). "Cranial Osteology and Ontogeny of Saurolophus angustirostrisfrom the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia with Comments on Saurolophus osbornifrom Canada". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 56 (4): 703–722. doi:10.4202/app.2010.0061. 14. ^ Bell, P.R.; Evans, D.C. (2010). "Revision of the status of Saurolophus (Hadrosauridae) from California, USA". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 47 (11): 1417–1426. doi:10.1139/E10-062. 15. ^ Albert Prieto-Márquez, Jonathan R. Wagner, Phil R. Bell and Luis M. Chiappe, 2014, "The late-surviving ‘duck-billed’ dinosaur Augustynolophus from the upper Maastrichtian of western North America and crest evolution in Saurolophini", Geological Magazine doi:10.1017/S0016756814000284 16. ^ Lull, Richard Swann; Wright, Nelda E. (1942). Hadrosaurian Dinosaurs of North America. Geological Society of America Special Paper 40. Geological Society of America. p. 226. 17. ^ a b Maryańska, Teresa; Osmólska, Halszka (1981). "Cranial anatomy of Saurolophus angustirostris with comments on the Asian Hadrosauridae (Dinosauria)" (PDF). Palaeontologia Polonica. 42: 5–24. 18. ^ Sternberg, Charles M. (1954). "Classification of American duckbilled dinosaurs". Journal of Paleontology. 28 (3): 382–383. 19. ^ Prieto-Márquez, Alberto (2010). "Global phylogeny of Hadrosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) using parsimony and Bayesian methods". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 159 (2): 435–502. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00617.x. 20. ^ Prieto-Márquez, A.; Wagner, J.R. (2013). "A new species of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of the Pacific coast of North America". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 58 (2): 255–268. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0049. 24. ^ "Developing Saurolophus dino found at 'Dragon's Tomb'" (Press release). PLOS. October 14, 2015 – via Science Daily. 25. ^ Dewaele, Leonard; Tsogtbaatar, Khishigjav; Barsbold, Rinchen; Garcia, Géraldine; Stein, Koen; Escuillie, François; Godefroit, Pascal (October 14, 2015). "Perinatal specimens of Saurolophus angustirostris (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae), from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia". PLOS ONE. 10 (10): e0138806. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138806. 27. ^ a b c Dodson, Peter (1996). The Horned Dinosaurs: A Natural History. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 14–15. ISBN 0-691-05900-4. 29. ^ Sullivan, R.M. and Lucas, S. G. (2006). "The Kirtlandian land-vertebrate "age"–faunal composition, temporal position and biostratigraphic correlation in the nonmarine Upper Cretaceous of western North America." Pp. 7-29 in Lucas, S. G. and Sullivan, R.M. (eds.), Late Cretaceous vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35. External links[edit]
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60687	St Peter's Church, Gloucester From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search St Peter's Church St Peter's catholic church, Gloucester - - 1321511.jpg St Peter's Church is located in Gloucester Central St Peter's Church St Peter's Church Location in Gloucester Coordinates: 51°52′03″N 2°14′27″W / 51.8674°N 2.2409°W / 51.8674; -2.2409 OS grid referenceSO8351218781 CountryUnited Kingdom DenominationRoman Catholic StatusParish church DedicationSaint Peter Functional statusActive Heritage designationGrade II* listed Designated12 March 1973[1] Architect(s)Gilbert Blount StyleGothic Revival Completed8 October 1868 St Peter's Church is a Roman Catholic Parish church in Gloucester, Gloucestershire. It was built from 1860 to 1868 and designed by Gilbert Blount. It is situated on the corner of London Road and Black Dog Way in the centre of the city. It is a Grade II* listed building.[1] In 1788, a Roman Catholic mission was founded in Gloucester. It was served by an Fr Gildart from a house on Berkeley Street. He did so with help from a £1,000 donation from a Miss Mary Webb.[3] In 1789, it became a parish.[2] In 1790, a Fr John Greenaway came to serve the parish. He set about getting chapel built. It was dedicated to St Peter ad Vincula and was built on London Road. It was registered in 1792. He died in 1800 and was buried in the chapel.[4][5] In 1850, during the same year as the restoration of the English hierarchy, a Fr Leonard Calderbank became parish priest.[4][5] With the increasing Catholic population of the city, he planned for a larger church to accommodate the congregation. In 1857, a £1,000 gift from a Frances Canning was given for the construction of the church[4][5] and subscriptions were given by the local congregation.[1] In 1859, the chapel on the site of the church was demolished. Construction on the church started in 1860. Gilbert Blount was commissioned to build a Gothic Revival church.[1] In 1867, the neighbouring presbytery was demolished to allow space for construction of a longer nave, a tower and spire.[4][5] On 8 October 1868, the church was consecrated.[2] In 1880, a new presbytery was built.[4][5] The church has four Sunday Masses: 6:00pm on Saturday and 9:00am, 10:00am and 5:30pm on Sunday.[2] See also[edit] 1. ^ a b c d Roman Catholic Church of St Peter, Gloucester from British Listed Buildings, retrieved 3 January 2016 2. ^ a b c d Parishes from Diocese of Clifton, retrieved 3 January 2016 3. ^ Gloucester Church of many nations marks anniversary from BBC News, 10 May 2011, retrieved 4 January 2016 4. ^ a b c d e History from, retrieved 4 January 2016 5. ^ a b c d e "Gloucester: Roman Catholicism" in A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 4, the City of Gloucester, from British History Online (London: Victoria County History, 1988), 317-319. External links[edit]
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60688	William Edenborn From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search William Edenborn William Edenborn portrait.jpg William Edenborn (ca. 1880s) Born(1848-03-20)March 20, 1848 Plettenberg, Westphalia, Prussia DiedMay 13, 1926(1926-05-13) (aged 78) Residence(1) Emden Plantation Winn Parish, Louisiana (2) New Orleans, Louisiana OccupationBusinessman; Inventor Spouse(s)Sarah Drain Edenborn (married 1875–1926, his death) ChildrenTwo daughters who died in childhood William Edenborn (March 20, 1848 – May 13, 1926)[1] was a businessman, inventor and philanthropist, born in Plettenberg in the Westphalia region of the Ruhr River Valley of the former Prussia, since Germany. He immigrated to the United States in 1866 as a "financially poor youth yet rich in vision and courage"[2] and eventually became a citizen. Early years[edit] In 1860, Edenborn began an apprenticeship with a steel wire maker.[3] After his arrival in the United States, Edenborn first settled in Pittsburgh, where he found work as a mechanic in the wire industry.[4] He eventually made his way to St. Louis, where he built the first wire mill west of the Mississippi river in 1870 and married the former Sarah Drain (1856–1944) in October 1876.[3] In 1882, Edenborn invented a machine that dramatically simplified the manufacturing process for barbed wire,[5] as well as a new type of barbed wire that was less likely to injure cattle.[4][6] These inventions brought success to Edenborn's company, which soon merged with that of John Warne Gates and ultimately became the American Steel and Wire Company, which held a monopoly on the steel wire industry in the United States. Edenborn served as the president of the American Steel and Wire Company until it was acquired by J.P. Morgan in 1901 during the formation of U.S. Steel. Railroad executive[edit] In 1898, Edenborn had launched construction of the Louisiana Railway and Navigation Company, which extended from Shreveport to New Orleans and linked areas of his adopted state where the lack of transportation had prevented the development of industry. The railroad cost some $20 million. The project pumped $50 million into the state's economy. The obituary describes Edenborn as "fearless in this giant undertaking and was entirely unaided by finances other than his own."[2] In addition to Emden in Winn Parish, the Edenborns maintained a residence in New Orleans, where they spent most of their later years to be near the railroad business office.[1] He was also a chairman of the board of the Kansas City Southern Railroad.[7] With William Buchanan and Harvey C. Couch, Edenborn also owned the short-line, the Louisiana and Arkansas Railway.[8] The Edenborns owned two steamships named for themselves, the S.S. William Edenborn and the S.S. Sarah Endenborn. The former was scuttled in 1962 in Cleveland, Ohio.[9] C. Geoffrey Mangin, in an article in North Louisiana History, refers to Edenborn as a "robber baron."[10] Sedition Act[edit] In April 1918, Edenborn was arrested in New Orleans for alleged violation of the Wilson administration's Sedition Act, which forbade one from speaking "disloyally" about the United States military effort amid World War I.[11] Here are excerpts from the speech given by the 70-year-old Edenborn: There has been much talk about Germany coming over here and attacking the United States. We need have no fear that Germany will ever attack the United States. It would take a maritime nation to do that, because America is surrounded by water. America can look to other countries for any attacks in the future. Recently a certain prime minister (David Lloyd George) stated, 'Our nation is mistress of the sea, our nation has been mistress of the sea, and always will be mistress of the sea.'[11] The U.S. government claimed that Edenborn, mentioned in its complaint as "the father of the wire industry," had breathed the arrogant spirit of Prussianism in its most hateful form [which constituted] seditious treason, being in effect pro-German propaganda of the most cunning, insidious, and demoralizing sort to the morale of the American people, having the direct effect of sowing seeds of discord, discontent, and hatred against a great government (Great Britain) with whom we are associated in bonds of brotherly love.[11] Death and legacy[edit] Willian Edenborn (pre-1923) as he appears in the Ascension Parish Bicentennial Hall of Fame in Gonzales, Louisiana Edenborn died in a Shreveport hospital on May 13, 1926 after having been felled by a stroke eight days earlier at Emden.[2] At his death he was counted among the wealthiest men in the United States by the Wall Street Journal. His funeral may have been the largest in the history of the large Forest Park Cemetery in Shreveport. Mourners sent twelve truck loads of flowers to his funeral and lined a concourse fifteen blocks long at the cemetery to pay their respects.[1] Henry E. Hardtner, a leading forester in the American South, and founder of the Natchez, Urania and Ruston Railway,[12] a logging railroad, said of his friend Edenborn: He brought millions of dollars to Louisiana, which he used for the development of latent natural resources. He was honest, temperate, charitable, and above all a just man. He asked only reasonable service of his employees and was never fault-finding. Poor and Democratic in life; rich and powerful in death, he approached the grave as one who wraps the drapery of his couch about him and lies down to pleasant dreams.[2] Sarah Edenborn succeeded her husband as the head of the Louisiana Railway and Navigation Company on May 19, 1926, the first woman in such a position in the state.[2] The couple had two daughters, one adopted, and neither lived to adulthood. One was accidentally killed by a street car while horseback riding in St. Louis; the other died of diphtheria.[4] Sarah was buried beside her husband on her death in 1944. His obituary further describes him: Always honest, always dauntless, always tireless, always a student and with a vision of his possibilities and duties, he forged constantly onward and upward from a penniless apprentice boy to the million dollar head of one of the greatest steel and wire industries of the world, his inventions and economics saving billions of dollars to humanity.[2] Edenborn Avenue in the New Orleans suburb of Metairie in Jefferson Parish is named in his honor.[1] Because of the Louisiana Railway and Navigation Company coming through Ascension Parish, the city of Gonzales, Louisiana, was briefly named "Edenborn" in his honor.[13] 1. ^ a b c d "William Edenborn". findagrave.com. Retrieved October 30, 2010. 2. ^ a b c d e f Maude Hearn O'Pry, Chronicles of Shreveport and Caddo Parish, 1928, p. 349 3. ^ a b "Barbed Wire Inventors: William Edenborn". Antique Barbed Wire Society. Retrieved 1 April 2014. 4. ^ a b c Davies, Greggory E. (July 1997). "William Edenborn of Winn Parish, La". Legacies & Legends of Winn Parish, Louisiana. Winnfield, LA: Winn Parish Genealogical & Historical Association. 1 (2). Retrieved March 31, 2014. 5. ^ US 270,646, Edenborn, William & Gustav Griesche, "Barb-wire machine", issued 16 January 1883 6. ^ US 271,693, Edenborn, William & Gustav Griesche, "Barbed fence-wire", issued 6 February 1883 7. ^ "Kansas City Southern; John Lambert Succeeds William Edenborn as Chairman of the Board". The New York Times, May 6, 1900. May 6, 1900. Retrieved October 30, 2010. 8. ^ James R. Fair, The Louisiana and Arkansas Railway: The Story of a Regional Line. Northern Illinois University Press. 1997. p. 158. ISBN 0-87580-219-2. Retrieved October 30, 2010. 9. ^ "S.S. William Edenborn". wrecksite.eu. Retrieved October 30, 2010. 10. ^ C. Geoffrey Mangin, "A Robber Baron in Louisiana: William Edenborn," North Louisiana History Vol. 3, Nos. 2–3 (Spring-Summer 2002), pp. 66–76 11. ^ a b c "Railway President Held as Seditionist; William Edenborn, Naturalized German, Accused of Disloyal Speech in Louisiana, April 28, 1918". The New York Times, April 28, 1918. April 29, 1918. Retrieved October 30, 2010. 12. ^ Hawkins, Ralph W. "Natchez, Urania & Ruston Railway". HawkinsRails.net. Retrieved 16 May 2018. 13. ^ "William Edenborn". Ascension Parish Bicentennial Hall of Fame. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60710	Everyday Calculation Free calculators and unit converters for general and everyday use. Calculators » Finance » Future value of single sum Future Value Calculator Our online tools will provide quick answers to your calculation and conversion needs. On this page, you can calculate future value (FV) of a single sum. The future value of a single sum tells us what a fixed amount will be worth at a future date given the interest rate and compounding period. Result window Download: Use this future value calculator offline with our all-in-one calculator app for Android and iOS. Future value formula The formula for computing future value of a single sum: FV = PV × (1+i)n FV = future value PV = present value i = interest rate per compounding period n = number of compounding periods As can be seen, future value calculation uses the same formula used for calculating compound interest. © everydaycalculation.com
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60712	Being creative is like hunger; it can't be ignored. Whether it be out loud, through writing, or in a movie, my creativity is expressed somehow. That's how I cope with it. A lot of my life has been a long experiment to hone my skills in as many media as possible -- so I can choose the best way to eat for every hunger. The place to start is writing. Writing is the meat and potatoes: the standard, healthy meal to which all other meals pay tribute. Meat and potatoes are the machine code that higher art compiles to. It's not always visible, but it's always there. You have to figure out all the technical details first. What kind of meat? How should it be cooked? Are the potatoes mashed, baked, or raw? Everything should be decided in advance to get a consistent texture. If you change your mind about the potatoes halfway to the end, you're left with a potato that has one side baked and the other side raw. Do you put any spices on the meal? Any illustrations or diagrams? Then you figure out pacing. How do you eat the food? Slowly? Quickly? Do you accelerate as you go along? The delicious parts are the best, but you need sour parts for contrast; without valleys there can be no peaks. Eat the best part last so the flavour can be left the longest. If you mess up the pacing, you'll still get the flavours, but they won't be experienced as effectively as they could have been. Writing is one of many ways that you can relieve your hunger. Discovering new ways is half the fun, but writing should always be the first step.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60714	A frenectomy is the surgical removal of a frenum in the mouth. A frenum is a fold of tissue that passes from the movable lip or cheek to the gum. When a frenum is positioned in such a way as to interfere with the normal alignment of teeth or results in pulling away of the gum from the tooth surface causing recession, these are often removed using a surgical process known as a frenectomy Frenectomies are said to not be painful...LIES!!! It also involves grafting the gums with skin from the roof of your mouth or another part of your gums. If your periodonist is as sadistic as mine, he will also leave you with stitches that need removing, causing tooth-brushing, smiling and eating to be a painful, pain in the ass.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60716	Argued November 8, 1999; decided December 7, 1999: No. 98-1101 In 1994, Irma Drye died. Under Arkansas law, her $233,000 (USD) estate went to her son Rohn, being her sole heir under mentioned state's laws. Problem is, this fellow owed about $325,000 to the IRS against all of his "property and rights to property." You have to understand this -- under AR law, you can disclaim an inheritance up to 9 months after recieving it. Mr. Drye did so; again, under state law, this sum went to the next closest heir; his daughter Theresa then immediately created the Drye Family Trust, a legally protected non-living entity whose funds were free from government meddling, and could only be distributed to her and her parents for their lifetimes for purposes of their well-being/health/support, at the discretion of Drye's counsel. The question, thus, was whether this inheritance constituted property or a right to property, or was more like a gift which he could (and did) reject. The case was taken certiorari, meaning that the Supreme Court took it straight from a lower court in the interest of speed of justice (namely, from the Eighth Circuit.) To use an analogy: If you're given a gift by your mom -- say, $100 -- you can accept it, or you can say "No, thanks" and give it back, returning to the status quo (being how things were before the gift.) In an inheritance, however, simply refusing the money/house/two donkeys in southern Spain will not bring the deceased back to life and so the status quo cannot be replaced. The Court found that, though Drye delineated the inheritance to the next-of-kin, it was his property -- which is to say it was the IRS' property. So, in conclusion, you can run, but you can't hide. This is all original, baby; my sources were Merriam Webster and the Supreme Court's ruling, available at among other places (at any other Supreme Court ruling archive, simply enter in 98-1101.)
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60732	night of shattered glass night of shattered dreams night of shattered lives untold brutality never to be forgotten Shattered glass and pillars of unholy fires rising to the sky feel the pieces of glass cutting, burning through your skin as you run in panic from the smoke, fire, lights, lamps and persecutor screaming, arresting you for your own safety -so they say- Burnt books, announcing wholescale murder smell the stench, see the small pieces of burnt books and ashes, floating in the sky, covering roofs, ground and skin inhaled and exhaled Never forget, always remember, always educate Reach out the hands to the victims of todays antisemitism and discrimination Build new circles of hope and peace Let new generations rise Let the people of Israel live! Am Yisrael Chai! And shed a tear for those who are gone…
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60735	Opening LMSFF files Did your computer fail to open a LMSFF file? We explain what LMSFF files are and recommend software that we know can open or convert your LMSFF files. What is a LMSFF file? While we do not yet have a description of the LMSFF file format and what it is normally used for, we do know which programs are known to open these files. See the list of programs recommended by our users below. We are constantly working on adding more file type descriptions to the site - the current count exceeds thousand by far, and more information about LMSFF files will hopefully be added soon. Try a universal file viewer By Prof. Jones (The File Expert) Chief Content Editor and File Expert Suggestions for this page? Mail me.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60758	RLC circuit Discussion in 'General Electronics Chat' started by acw_wellsy, Oct 1, 2006. 1. acw_wellsy Thread Starter New Member Oct 1, 2006 consider a series RLC circuit in which R is an incandescent lamp, C is some fixed capacitor, and L is a variable inductance. the source is 240 volts AC. Explain why the lamp glows brightly for some values of L and does not glow at all for other values??? 2. richbrune Senior Member Oct 28, 2005 Inductors and capacitors in the right combination will allow more current to pass through them in what is called "resonance". Let's take an example of a .001 farad capacitor, in a 60hz series circuit, and find what inductor will allow the bulb to go brightest. L=1/(39.56060*.001)=.00703 or about 7mH. If you move the variable inductor away from the 7mH value in either direction, the bulb will go dimmer.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60759	Apose Excel to PDF conversion Hi Team, I wanted to convert an excel file to a pdf. The excel file, when converted to pdf, will show each page on different pdf pages and also the fixed header in the excel file gets printed on all the pdf pages. Could you please help me how can I change the excel print settings in order to resolve this. Thanks for your query. Please see the document on how to render one PDF page per whole Excel worksheet for your reference: To add header on all rendered pages, you may accomplish the task using the following ways. You have to add the code as per the topics before rendering/saving to PDF file format: 1. If you want to add title rows/columns (in the worksheet), you may try the printing tile rows/column option(s): Rows to repeat at top/Columns to repeat at left: 2. If you need to add separate headers/footers for your needs, see the document for your reference: Hope, this helps a bit. Hi Amjad, Thank you for your help. I have a thing to ask… when I set the worksheet.PageSetup.FitToPagesTall property to 1 it tries to fit the complete sheet into the same page on the PDF. I want to know is there any method in Aspose where if the sheet size is large it moves the cells after a particular number of rows to the next pdf page? Should I try to do something with Printarea property if it overflows move the data to next page in PDF? Could you please help me with this. Well, when you specify FitToPagesTall option to 1 (together with FitToPagesWide option to 1), it will try to render (by scaling or shrinking) all the rows and columns of the sheet in one page. If you specify FitToPagesTall option to 1 (together with FitToPagesWide option to null/0), it will not care about columns and try to render all the rows (vertically) only, so if there are lots of columns in the sheet, certain columns might be rendered in other pages. For your needs, I think you may try inserting page breaks instead at your specified/desired location in the sheet, see the document for your reference: Hope, this helps a bit. @amjad_sahi : This doesn’t seem to help. I want a page break after a particular interval. If a sheet has more data it should itself flow to the next page in the pdf. Also, is there a way to hide a particular sheet in excel so that it doesn’t show up in the pdf. Why it does not work? You can insert page breaks at your desired location (cell) as per the document example (I suggested to check). For your information, MS Excel itself puts automatic page breaks in the worksheet at regular intervals based on your worksheet data accordingly, so if the data is large, MS Excel puts different sets of data at different pages (by inserting automatic page breaks). As you need to insert your custom page breaks, so you may add horizontal/vertical page breaks at your your desired location. Well, you may try to use Worksheet.IsVisible Boolean attribute to hide/show your desired worksheets in the workbook before rendering to PDF file format. Thanks for using Aspose APIs. Setting page break may not work, if there are too many data in a page break content, it will also split to several pages. You can try copy data to a new sheet, setting one page per sheet and then save to Pdf. Please see the following sample code, its input Excel file and its output Pdf file for a reference. Download Link: Input Excel File and Output Pdf.zip (62.7 KB) //Load the sample Excel file Workbook wb = new Workbook("testOnePages.xlsx"); //Access first worksheet Worksheet sourceSheet = wb.Worksheets[0]; //Find/Calculated Split Ranges Cells cells = sourceSheet.Cells; Range totalRange = cells.MaxDisplayRange; //e.g. split at Cell P70: cell[69, 15] int[] rowSplits = { totalRange.FirstRow, 69 + 1, totalRange.FirstRow + totalRange.RowCount }; int[] columnSplits = { totalRange.FirstColumn, 15 + 1, totalRange.FirstColumn + totalRange.ColumnCount }; List<Range> splitRanges = new List<Range>(); for (int i = 0; i < rowSplits.Length - 1; i++) for (int j = 0; j < columnSplits.Length - 1; j++) Range range = cells.CreateRange(rowSplits[i], columnSplits[j], rowSplits[i + 1] - rowSplits[i], columnSplits[j + 1] - columnSplits[j]); //Copy ranges to new worksheets CopyOptions pageSetupCopyOpt = new CopyOptions(); foreach (var splitedRange in splitRanges) int addedSheetIndex = wb.Worksheets.Add(); Worksheet addedSheet = wb.Worksheets[addedSheetIndex]; addedSheet.PageSetup.Copy(sourceSheet.PageSetup, pageSetupCopyOpt); Range destRange = addedSheet.Cells.CreateRange(0, 0, splitedRange.RowCount, splitedRange.ColumnCount); sourceSheet.IsVisible = false; //Save to Pdf - one page per sheet true PdfSaveOptions pdfSaveOptions = new PdfSaveOptions(); pdfSaveOptions.OnePagePerSheet = true; wb.Save("test.pdf", pdfSaveOptions); @shakeel.faiz thank you for the help. But this seems to be a little confusing i have only some of the excel worksheets where there is large data. When I do a fit to page it fits the complete sheet into one page in the pdf and I want to retain that setting but for some sheets where the data is large, the font size becomes completely invisible. So I wanted something like when the page fills in the data flows to the next page or i can iterate through the sheet and insert a page break after a regular interval. I am not having a clear idea that how should i proceed to break a particular sheet. Thanks for using Aspose.Cells. Please create your simple sample Excel file manually using Microsoft Excel and then also create the expected Excel file or its Pdf manually and provide it to us. We need the following things to look into this issue deeper. 1 - Sample Excel File 2 - Expected Output Excel File or Pdf Hi @shakeel.faiz pfa the attached files. Could you please look into it. Please use the following code. It fits all columns in a single page but rows can take multiple pages. The code generates two pages pdf. But since, there are too many columns, so font scale is small. If you do not want to fit all columns in a single page, then just open and save your Excel file in Pdf format. Output Pdf output.pdf (149.6 KB) Workbook wb = new Workbook("EXCEL.xlsx"); Worksheet ws = wb.Worksheets[0]; //Comment these two lines if you want to print like MS-Excel Print Preview ws.PageSetup.FitToPagesWide = 1; ws.PageSetup.FitToPagesTall = 0; @shakeel.faiz : thank you for all the help, i figured it out. Thank you. I will ask if i got stuck with some other doubt. @shakeel.faiz : i have a fixed header. Where the fixed header is repeating on every page. is there a way it doesnt appear on all the pages It is good to know that you were able to sort out a part of problem. Please provide us the actual output Pdf and expected output Pdf for comparison. We will look into them and provide you sample code to achieve the expected output Pdf. @shakeel.faiz : actually it is the table header that is getting repeated. When we split the page after the table is finished there are some notes which get diplayed on the next page in the pdf but that page has the table header on it even when the table is not there Please spare us some time, we will look into this issue and help you asap. @shakeel.faiz : surely i will wait to hear back from you on this. Also, we have data grouped using aspose in the rows. Can we ungroup the data before converting it to pdf so as we dont see all the values. I am afraid, I am not able to replicate the table header problem. As I requested earlier, I need your simplified input Excel file, your actual Pdf and your expected Pdf. You can create your expected Pdf manually using Microsoft Excel and Save As… Pdf option. Without comparing the Excel file, Actual Pdf and Expected Pdf, it is not possible to resolve this issue and provide you sample code. Please create a separate thread for this issue. However, you can group and ungroup data with these methods. @shakeel.faiz : hi shakeel i tired to replicate it … When i do it with the normal sheet the table header is not coming on the next page if the page is divided but with my excel this is happening. When there are so many columns in table and page size has limited width, then it is inevitable that some of the columns will move to next page. However, when you are rendering it to Pdf, you can control the page order. You can render it in Horizontal-wise or Vertical-wise. By default, it renders vertical-wise. The following sample code will render the worksheet Horizontal-wise. It means, it will first render entire table headings in multiple pages if needed and then it will start rendering first set of rows, then second set of rows etc. //Access first worksheet Worksheet ws = wb.Worksheets[0]; //Render Horizontal Vise ws.PageSetup.Order = PrintOrderType.OverThenDown;
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60763	Can't built my Cordova project cordova build Android makes this error ANDROID_HOME=/Users/mohsen/Library/Android/sdk JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-9.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home Error: Requirements check failed for JDK 1.8 or greater I installed Android SDK and latest version of JDK however it still makes this error my OS is mac (versions 10.13.2) You have this problem because the path is still pointing to an old version of JDK. You need to go into android studio and change your path to jdk 1.8 when I write java -version on the terminal this is the output java version "9.0.1" Java™ SE Runtime Environment (build 9.0.1+11) Java HotSpot™ 64-Bit Server VM (build 9.0.1+11, mixed mode) JDK 9 is not yet supported:
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60769	How far is AZ3 coming? • They can do the easier raids for free then P2P the harder raids. I mean, that's how some F2P games are monetizing content and since no one is forced to play those raids here, it's not as cash grab as in the MMOs. In MMOs, you need the loots to better your characters so you can beat people in PvPs so F2P players will scream that this game is unfair and P2W if you cash-block some contents and loots. That is not an issue here with PVE and PVP being seperated. You can't beat anyone with those loots, it's just extra content for you to get if you enjoy PvE.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60770	IBM Big Wig to Head Motorola/Freescale Discussion in 'General Mac Discussion' started by bertagert, May 17, 2004. 1. bertagert macrumors 6502 Jan 13, 2003 Cnet reports that Michel Mayer will become CEO of Freescale (Motorola's new name for its chip division). Mayer was the general manager of IBM Microelectronics (IBM's chip division). Looks like competition between PPC processors? 2. G5orbust macrumors 65816 Jun 14, 2002 Thats a BIG loss. IBM's secrets may very well have just ended up in Moto's lap. 3. SiliconAddict macrumors 603 Jun 19, 2003 Chicago, IL Not likely. That's like saying Gates can give Apple the source code for Windows. GM's are pretty high level. They don't really do the grunt work and don't typically get their hands dirty with the details. He might have some fairly privileged information but probably no more so then what Moto already knows about. Anyways its a moot point. I'll bet IBM has a fleet of lawyers locked in a closet at IBM. All they have to do is open the door and say LAWSUIT for them to go after Moto if they try anything. And trust me. I know from experience that companies won't hesitate for even a nanosecond to pull the trigger if they think a former employee is giving away trade secrets. Share This Page
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60771	Swapping Bootcamp drive between computers Discussion in 'Windows, Linux & Others on the Mac' started by msintros, Sep 2, 2015. 1. msintros macrumors member Jul 7, 2014 So I'm running a Mac Pro 2,1 right now with Windows 7 running in Bootcamp from its own drive (the entire drive is partitioned for Windows). I'm planning on upgrading to a 5,1 (or 4,1 with 5,1 firmware upgrade). At the moment I have a 5770 graphics card in my machine and the "new" one will probably have either a GTX680 or 780 card. My question is, is there any way to just take the Windows drive out of my existing computer and pop it into one of the bays on the new computer so I don't have to completely re-install everything? I know I'll probably have to install additional drivers so that Windows can use the new hardware, but I don't know how to do this or if it can even be done. If someone could give me a brief walkthrough so I know what to expect, I'd really appreciate it. Also, if there is anything I should know about the performance of these graphics cards in Bootcamp, that'd also be nice. 2. ActionableMango macrumors G3 Sep 21, 2010 Windows is really bad about this sort of thing, especially with generational motherboard and chipset changes like you will be doing. At least you are going from Intel to Intel, so I suppose it's worth a 5 minute try to plop it into the new computer, but I strongly suspect that it won't boot to the desktop. During initial installation, Windows installs certain low level drivers based on your motherboard's hardware at the time. Without the right drivers in place, you'll either blue screen during bootup or simply lock up with a black screen and no message at all. Different video cards is not a problem, Windows will default to a generic driver that will work will all typical video cards. Often, but not in call cases, OS X drives can be moved from computer to computer. I don't know how it does this, but I suspect that there are so few valid Mac hardware configurations that OS X simply includes drivers for all of them. Share This Page
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60772	Download Opera browser with: • built-in ad blocker • battery saver • free VPN Download Opera Javascript/Website Flickering • I Really like Opera but i have not been able to resolve this. Some Websites in where javascript is active flicker, some cases really bad. Example would be The sites red banner would flicker back and forth. if i disable javascript flickering stops with all affected sites but site doesn't load completely right. Any other browser they work ok. Any help would be appreciated prefer not to switch out of Opera • You can disable javascript for only certain sites without doing that to all sites. Use Preferences > Websites > Javascript > Manage Exceptions. There, you can blacklist any site that causes problems with javascript. • I have done this but i have sites where i would like the function to work without the flickering.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60774	Toad World® Forums Delete button prompts for dropping objects in new Sql window (Nav 6.3) I open a new sql window and go to my Toolbox -> DB Explorer and extracted a ddl on one of my seqences. • Note that my Toolbox is NOT pinned down Then I opened a new sql window (new tab) in the current session and typed another select statement. Pressing the DELETE button on my keyboard as a way to clear text, promted the following message: “Are you sure you want to drop Schema Object SCHEMA_NAME.SQ_SEQUENCE_ID” I moved my mouse over to the toolbox, it popped open and I and noticed that the object promted for deletion was highligted. A way to prevent this from happening was to select the “Drop” and “Truncate” safety options in the preferences I’m running SQL Navigator although I was able to replicate this in 6.2.1 previously. Kind regards, Hi Annelize, Thank you for your finding. Nice catch :-). The extractDDL for sequence object type does not put the focus in the Code editor after the script is displayed. It only happens with sequence type. We will get this fix for you in 6.4. Thanks again. Great, thanks Bruce. This seems to be fixed in 6.4. Thank you.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60778	Preview: Why Sean Hannity can’t break new news on his Clinton/Russia investigation until after news breaks from the Trump/Russia investigation This is a quick preview of the next Fox Hawk article. As news is breaking almost daily in the Trump/Russia investigation, there also seems to be a lot of news breaking in Sean Hannity’s Clinton/FBI/Russia mirror investigation. Question: Why doesn’t Sean Hannity reveal something new in his narrative of Clinton/FBI/Russia collusion until after news breaks on the Trump/Russia story? Answer: Hannity doesn’t yet know of what to accuse Hillary Clinton and the FBI until after major news breaks about Trump/Russia. Once Trump/Russia news breaks, he knows what accusations to levy at Clinton. Published by: The Fox Hawk Categories poiliticsLeave a comment Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google+ photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60789	Keyword Arguments To make submission easier, this module defines a number of keyword arguments in the file that can be used for all submission and Job() functions. These include things like ‘cores’ and ‘nodes’ and ‘mem’. The following is a complete list of arguments that can be used in this version Common: Used in every mode Option Description Type Default depends A job or list of jobs to depend on list None clean_files Auto clean script files when fetching outputs bool None clean_outputs Auto clean output files when fetching outputs bool None cores Number of cores to use for the job int 1 modules Modules to load with the module load command list None syspaths Paths to add to _sys.path for submitted functions list None scriptpath Folder to write cluster script files to, must be accessible to the compute nodes. str . outpath Folder to write cluster output files to, must be accessible to the compute nodes. str . runpath The working directory for the job str . suffix A suffix to append to job files (e.g. job.suffix.qsub) str cluster outfile File to write STDOUT to str None errfile File to write STDERR to str None Func: Used for function calls Option Description Type Default imports Imports to be used in function calls (e.g. sys, os) list None Cluster: Options that work in both slurm and torque Option Description Type Default nodes Number of nodes to request int 1 features A comma-separated list of node features to require list None qos A quality of service to require str None time Walltime in HH:MM:SS str 12:00:00 mem Memory to use in MB (e.g. 4000) [‘int’, ‘str’] 4000 partition The partition/queue to run in (e.g. local/batch) str None account Account to be charged str None export Comma separated list of environmental variables to export str None Slurm: Used for slurm only Option Description Type Default begin Start after this much time str None Synonym Option depend depends dependency depends dependencies depends stdout outfile stderr errfile queue partition memory mem cpus cores threads cores walltime time delete_files clean_files delete_outputs clean_outputs filedir scriptpath filepath scriptpath dir runpath path runpath paths syspaths syspath syspaths scriptdir scriptpath cleanfiles clean_files delfiles clean_files cleanouts clean_outputs delouts clean_outputs deloutputs clean_outputs cleanoutputs clean_outputs Note: Type is enforced, any provided argument must match that python type (automatic conversion is attempted), the default is just a recommendation and is not currently used. These arguments are passed like regular arguments to the submission and Job() functions, eg: Job(nodes=1, cores=4, mem='20MB') This will be interpretted correctly on any system. If torque or slurm are not available, any cluster arguments will be ignored. The module will attempt to honor the cores request, but if it exceeds the maximum number of cores on the local machine, then the request will be trimmed accordingly (i.e. a 50 core request will become 8 cores on an 8 core machine). Adding your own keywords There are many more options available for torque and slurm, to add your own, edit the file, and look for CLUSTER_OPTS (or TORQUE/SLURM if your keyword option is only availble on one system). Add your option using the same format as is present in that file. The format is: ('name', {'slurm': '--option-str={}', 'torque': '--torque-option={}', 'help': 'This is an option!', 'type': str, 'default': None}) You can also add list options, but they must include ‘sjoin’ and ‘tjoin’ keys to define how to merge the list for slurm and torque, or you must write custom option handling code in fyrd.options.options_to_string(). For an excellent example of both approaches included in a single option, see the ‘features’ keyword above.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60805	linear algebra package for rust Clone or download Latest commit 7ff51db Aug 26, 2017 Crate Version Build Status Documentation linxal is a linear algebra package for rust. linxal uses LAPACK as a backend, (specifically with the lapack package) to execute linear algebra routines with rust-ndarray as inputs and outputs. Installation / Usage linxal is available on and can be installed via cargo. In your Cargo.toml file, you can use. linxal = "0.5" linxal exposes features to choose the underlying LAPACK / BLAS source. By default, linxal enables the openblas feature, which compiles LAPACK and BLAS from the OpenBLAS distribution via openblas-src. You can use netlib LAPACK instead, via: version = "0.5" default-features = false features = ["netlib"] Other possible features are openblas-system and netlib-system. These are similar to openblas and netlib, execpt that they use the installed shared libraries on your system instead of compiling them from source. Documentation can be found at extern crate linxal; extern crate ndarray; use linxal::types::{c32, LinxalMatrix}; use ndarray::{arr1, arr2}; fn main() { let m = arr2(&[[1.0f32, 2.0], [-2.0, 1.0]]); let r = m.eigenvalues(false, false); let r = r.unwrap(); let true_evs = arr1(&[c32::new(1.0, 2.0), c32::new(1.0, -2.0)]); assert_eq_within_tol!(true_evs, r.values, 0.01); let b = arr1(&[-1.0, 1.0]); let x = m.solve_linear(&b).unwrap(); let true_x = arr1(&[-0.6, -0.2]); assert_eq_within_tol!(x, true_x, 0.0001); • Correctness: linxal will strive for correctness in all cases. Any function returning a non-Err result should return a correct result. • Ease of Use: linxal will provide a consistent interface and should require minimal setup. Most routine should be high-level and should require no knowledge of the underlying LAPACK routines. linxal will minimize surprising behaviour. • Documentation: linxal will strive to provide documentation for all functionality. Undocumented public features are a bug. • Ergonomics: linxal will try to minimize boilerplate whenever appropriate. • Speed • Low-dimension arithmetic: linxal is not specifically designed or optimized for {2,3,4}-D problems, as you would encounter in computer graphics, physics, or other domains. There are libraries such as nalgebra and cgmath that specialize in low-dimensional algorithms. • Representation flexibility: ndarray is the only for standard matrices, and future representations of specialized formats (packed triangular, banded, tridiagonal, etc.) will probably not allow for user-defined formats. • Major linear algebra routines • Eigenvalues • Singular Value • Linear Solvers • Linear Least-Squares • Matrix Factorizations (QR, LU, etc.) • QR • LU • Cholesky • Schur • Inversion • Generalized Eigenvalues • Generalized Singular Value Decomposition • Multiple matrix formats • General (direct via ndarray) • Symmetric / Hermitian • Banded (Packed) • Random matrix generation • General • Symmetric / Hermitian • Positive • Unitary Pull requests of all kinds (code, documentation, formatting, spell-checks) are welcome!
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60840	Dog on the threshold of the Cave Quran Chapter 18 18 (Pt-15, Stg-4) (L-1867) درس قرآن Dog on the threshold of the Cave Chapter Kahf (The Cave) – 18 (I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast) وَتَحْسَبُهُمْ أَيْقَاظًا وَهُمْ رُقُودٌ وَنُقَلِّبُهُمْ ذَاتَ ٱلْيَمِينِ وَذَاتَ ٱلشِّمَالِ وَكَلْبُهُم بَٰسِطٌ ذِرَاعَيْهِ بِٱلْوَصِيدِ لَوِ ٱطَّلَعْتَعَلَيْهِمْ لَوَلَّيْتَ مِنْهُمْ فِرَارًا وَلَمُلِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ رُعْبًا 18 18. And thou wouldst have deemed them waking though they were asleep, and We caused them to turn over to the right and the left, and their dog stretching out his paws on the threshold. If thou hadst observed them closely thou hadst assuredly turned away from them in flight, and hadst been filled with awe of them. 18. Wa tahsabuhum ‘ayqaa-zanw-wa hum ruquud. Wa Nuqallibuhum zaatal-yamiini wa zaatash-shimaal. Wa kalbu-hum baasitun- ziraa-‘ayhi bil-wasiid. Lawittala’-ta ‘alayhim la-wallayta minhum firaaranw-wa la-muli’-ta minhum ru’baa. ‘Ayqaa-zan – (waking), it is plural of the words yaqizun and yaqzun; which is an adjective from yaqaz. Yaqzun is a verb, which means “to wake” and yaqizun means “waked up”. Ruquudun – (asleep), this word is plural of raaqidun, which is the Subject from raqdun. Raqdun means “to sleep” and raaqidun means “the individual who has been sleeping”. Zaatal-yamiini wa zaatash-shimaaliyamiin means “to the right” and shimaal means “to the left”. The word “zaat” used at both places means “side”. Wasiidin – (the threshold), it has been derived from the word wasad, which means “to stop, to hinder”. Wasiid is that part of a house or place which is used as entrance and exit. If that part is closed with any thing then neither any one can enter and nor go out. Such place is called “threshold” and a door is fixed to close it. Here it aims “Place of entering into the Cave”. Companions of the Cave have been sleeping senseless in the Cave, but if any stranger will see them, he will consider that they are waking. They sleep with the Power of Allah Almighty, turn over to the right and the left sides. When they flew from the township, a dog followed them. That has also been sleeping like them at the threshold of the Cave; stretching out his paws. Environment of that place is very terrifying. The hearts of those who will observe this scene, will be filled with awe. If any person will look into the Cave, he will turn away in flight due to fear. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google+ photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60844	Omeprazole, also known as Prilosec, is a medication used in the treatment of internal problems of the stomach, esophagus and intestines. The medication is part of a group of drugs called proton pump inhibitors that suppress certain chemicals in the stomach and alleviates many of the symptoms associated with stomach and intestinal problems. As is the case with most medications, there are a number of long-term side effects associated with use. Before Using Before beginning treatment with this medication, consult with your doctor if you suffer from any of the following ailments: kidney disease, liver disease, a history of heart attack, previous gastrointestinal problems or high blood pressure. If you are pregnant or breast feeding, consult with your doctor before using Omeprazole as it is currently unknown whether or not this medication will have an adverse effect on a baby. Long-term Side Effects As mentioned, there are a number of long-term side effects associated with using this medication. Some of these side effects include depression, hallucinations, sudden confusion, irregular heartbeat, signs of liver damage, severe allergic reaction and extreme stomach pain. While these are considered the most common long-term side effects associated with using Omeprazole, they only affect a small number of users. Important Safety Information If you are allergic to Prilosec, omeprazole, or any other similar medications you should not take this drug as it can lead to severe allergic reactions and even death. Omeprazole has been known to negatively react with a number of other medications, so please give your doctor a current list of all medications you are taking before beginning treatment with this drug. Always use Omeprazole in direct conjunction with your doctor's orders and never in dosages larger than what has been recommended on the label. The medication is administered as a pill and can be taken with or without food. Omeprazole should always be taken with a full glass of water to ensure that it is properly digested by your body. Always store this drug away from sources of moisture and at room temperature. If you experience any of the above side effects, contact your doctor immediately. Omeprazole is meant in the treatment of the above ailments only and should never be used recreationally or without a prescription. About the Author Freelance Writer
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60845	Supraventricular Tachycardia is a condition that causes sudden rapid racing of the heart. It results in symptoms such as palpitations, weakness, lightheadedness, and shortness of breath… sometimes even fainting spells. Some people have infrequent episodes – once or twice a year – and do not need to be on medications every day for this, but can use special maneuvers to get the heart to beat normally again. A recently published study suggested there is a better way to get the tachycardia to stop, so if you suffer from rapid heartbeats, you might benefit from reading this article. What is Tachycardia Tachycardia simply means a rapid heartbeat. Many things can cause the heart to beat rapidly. Sometimes the normal electrical system is simply “revved up” by adrenaline that is released by exercise, anxiety, highly emotional states, anemia, or even fever, so that the pulse rate runs fast, generally above 100 beats per minute. This condition is known as “Sinus Tachycardia,” since each normal heartbeat is generated by a structure called the Sinus Node. The electrical signals generated by the sinus node pass down the top chambers (atria) to the electrical connection between the top and bottom chambers. This connection is called the AV (atrioventricular) Node. The AV node allows the top and bottom chambers to work together and maintains efficient pumping of the blood. What is Supraventricular Tachycardia? Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) is an abnormal rhythm that occurs because of a “short circuit” somewhere in the heart’s electrical system. SVT results in sudden racing of the heart at rates often above 140 or 150 beats per minute. Often, the tachycardia will suddenly stop after a few minutes or hours, but some patients have to go to the emergency room to receive intravenous medications to get the heart back to beating normally again. This is not the same as atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation, where the atrial rates are much faster – usually above 240 beats per minute. There are many different kinds of SVT, but most of them involve the AV node somehow. The AV node is part of the short circuit. In that case, if you can get the AV node to transiently slow down, the tachycardia will often stop or “break.” Vagal Maneuvers to Stop Tachycardia The AV node is very sensitive to signals from the autonomic nervous system, which is the part of your brain that controls heart rate and blood pressure (among other things). The signals that cause the AV node to “hit the brakes” are carried along a nerve that arises from the brain and controls virtually every organ – this is the Vagus Nerve. “Vagal maneuvers” are physical things that a patient can do to get the vagus nerve to fire, thus slowing the AV node in order to get a tachycardia to stop. Vagal maneuvers can be learned and then performed at home. Some vagal maneuvers include coughing, rubbing one side of the neck, holding the breath and splashing ice-cold water on the face. One of the more effective vagal maneuvers is called the “Valsalva Maneuver.” Valsalva Maneuver The Valsalva maneuver is performed by holding your breath and bearing down like you are trying to move your bowels. It can work about 20% of the time to stop SVT. A recent study demonstrated a modification to the Valsalva that increases the effectiveness to about 45%. If you hold your breath and push down for 15 seconds (while sitting up at about a 45 degree angle) and then immediately lie down and raise your legs about 45 degrees, the rapid flow of blood from your legs into your heart seems to activate the vagus nerve more effectively, essentially doubling the chance of success in stopping the arrhythmia. This can be done more than once and is more likely to work if you catch the SVT in the first minute or so. Although vagal maneuvers can be used to successfully stop certain kinds of tachycardia, if you are having recurrent episodes, you owe it to yourself to speak to a heart rhythm specialist. The short circuits that cause SVT are potentially curable with a catheter ablation procedure, which is generally very successful and is associated with very low risk. You may be asked to try to grab a picture of the tachycardia on a monitor of some sort, but there are several ECG recording devices that you can now purchase, including the new Apple Watch, that will allow you to record your own electrocardiogram and show it to your doctor. Seeing a picture of the arrhythmia is invaluable to diagnose the type of arrhythmia and make the most appropriate recommendation. If you experience sudden rapid heartbeats, you can try this modified Valsalva maneuver and see if it makes you feel better. Ultimately, recurrent tachycardia should be investigated by your doctor since it is likely to keep happening unless you determine the nature of the problem and correct it. Pin It on Pinterest Share This
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60849	It’s common to have multiple Google Accounts connected in your browser or Gmail. Make sure you log in with the right account otherwise you may end up creating a new Tiller Account. If you’re not currently logged in to Tiller via your Google Account, but have used more than one Google account with your browser, you’ll be prompted to choose the Google Account that you’d like to use to log in to Tiller when you visit Google Chrome works best with the Tiller service and if you use this browser we recommend that you create a separate browser profile for the Google account you have authenticated to your Tiller account. Learn more about setting up Google Chrome profiles. Did this answer your question?
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60851	How can User Defined Fields (UDF) work for me? User Defined Fields (UDF) are fields that you can customize within Signal. UDFs are available for Contacts, Casework, Flags, and Tours. If there is something your office needs to record that you don't already see within the available options of one of these records, you can create a UDF for that item. Configuring your UDF Fields: 1. Click on the Gear (Change Settings) icon, select User Defined Labels from the drop-down.SNAG-0011.png 2. Choose the correct UDF type. Each type 1. Text - free type field allowing any alphanumeric character entries 2. Number - only allows numerical characters entries 3. Date - only allow date entries 3. Type in your field's name. This will display when you edit and enter contact records. 4. Scroll to the bottom of the screen and click the orange Save Changes button.SNAG-0012.png Updating UDF fields within a contact's records: 1. If this is a new record that you're creating, below the fields you are filling out, you'll see an orange dropdown arrow next to "User Defined Fields." Click it to expand your selection options. 2. If this an existing record, open the record, and click the "Edit" link that appears in the upper left. Below the existing fields, you'll see a drop down for "User Defined Fields." Click the arrow. 3. You will see the friendly name for your field(s). 4. Enter the correct information. 5. Click Save. Adding the UDF column(s) to your Casework, Flag, or Tour Viewer: 1. Click the Gear icon located to the right of "Display per page". SNAG-0014.png 2. The Viewer Settings dialog opens. 3. Scroll down to the UDF fields section and place a check in the fields you wish to display. SNAG-0013.png 4. Selected fields will display in the "Reorder Fields" section on the right, drag field to the correct position. 5. Click the Save button. 6. Selected UDF fields now display as columns in the viewer. Creating filtered folders and saved searches using UDFs: 1. Click the New button that appears in the upper right, and select either New Filtered Folder or New Saved Search. 2. Give it a name, and if this is a filtered folder, select the location. 3. In the Inclusion Group section, click the Add Filter button to begin adding and organizing your filters. 4. Your new UDFs will appear as options. Select the desired UDF. 5. Choose an operator such as "greater than" or "like" depending upon the type of field (text, number, or date). 6. Type in the keyword. 7. Click the Save button. 8. To view your results, click the new folder or search that now appears on the left navigation panel. Exporting Services records with UDF(s): 1. From the Services viewer click the Export icon to the right of "Display # per page".SNAG-0017.png 2. Check the checkboxes in front of each field you'd like to export, including UDF. 3. Click Export. 4. Your download will be in .csv format which can be opened with Excel. Exporting the UDF for Contact records: 1. If in the Contacts module, don't select any records if you plan to export all. (If you only want to export specific records, then select those you wish to export.) 2. Click the More button on the right. 3. If only exporting a few, choose Export Selected. If exporting all, select Export All. 4. The remaining steps are the same as exporting a list in the Services module. Check the checkboxes in front of each field you'd like to export, including UDF. 5. Click Export. 6. Your download will be in .csv format which can be opened with Excel. Was this article helpful? 0 out of 0 found this helpful Have more questions? Submit a request Powered by Zendesk
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60857	Maybe Those Gospel Contradictions Are Intentional Mention “New Testament” or “Bible” or “Gospels” in a mixed crowd and be prepared to be told there are so many contradictions in the documents that they can’t be believed. As Prof. Sean McDowell points out, there are indeed what appear contradictions in the Gospels, such as John 3:16 and I John 2:15. “Which is it? Are we supposed to love the world, as God does, or not,” McDowell asks. “Yet closer analysis reveals they are not thoughtless mistakes from a careless writer, but part of an intentional rhetorical strategy to get readers to reflect upon the deeper meaning of words,” McDowell continues. If you work on the Hill, such a rhetorical approach might not seem so foreign. After all, liberals and conservatives use the same words all the time, but infuse them with different, sometimes radically different, meanings. McDowell goes on to illustrate his point with additional examples. Definitely worth your time to read and consider. Photo by Jon Tyson on Unsplash Author: Mark Tapscott
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60858	Lord Hanuman is the Most Popular Hindu God lord-hanumanWho is the most adorable Hindu God for youth? Mighty Lord Hanuman, the deity of strength, tops all the lists with a tremendous lead over all other deities. For an instance, in sponsored links on the internet, Hanuman takes over all other Gods with approximately 27 lakh links, whereas Lord Krishna comes second with 9 lakh links and Lord Ganesh stays on third position with approximately 8 lakh sponsored links. Inspiring Devotion across the World: Not only inspiring devotion within the people of India, but Hanumans stories and legends are spreading throughout the world. Even the new President of America, Barack Obama says that Lord Hanuman is his favorite God and he inspired from Hanumans stories and legends. Hanuman Chalisa – The Second most recited Mantra: Lord Hanuman is known for his strength and for his kind look over devotees. Hanuman, also called as Lord Anjaneya, protects his devotees by destroying ghosts, demons and by making them free from all troubles. The Hanuman Chalisa is the primary verse for his devotees to please the lord. Probably, Hanuman Chalisa is the second most recited verse in every Hindu home. Obviously, the most recited verse is the Gayathri Mantra. Bajrang Bali Ki Jai – A new Slogan for Next Generation: Instead of He-Man and Super-Man, todays children are admiring Hanuman for his great values and attitude. Parents have started to tell the stories of Hanuman to their kids by applying daily lifes moral. As most of the personality development formulas have told by the Bhagwadgita, Lord Hanuman also helps the next generation with his attitude full of dedication, determination, positive thinking, motivation and helping nature. It is a fact that nowadays children are replacing their hi-fi toys with masks of Hanuman and mace of Hanuman. Write Your Comment 1. Nikku says: It is giving me immense pleasure that Lord Hanuman is the most famous lord in the internet world too…thanks for the information, Jai shri Ram, Jai Shri Hanuman 2. Sean Panton says: I was recently told by the King Brahman Priest in Thailand after years of knowing there was something different about me that I am an incarnation of the Hanuman, I am currently working on a new world order project and have always been able to fly in my sleep, help others, defy spirits and expel demons while improving peoples lives around me, now is the time to really step up an help as the planet need it. This is new news, I don’t want any credit or fame I just want to let you know that I am back and I’m going to help in anyway I can. Namaste, Ohmm Namo Shiva
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60861	Water Birth – Part 1 Water Birth Tub-from"Birth Pool in a Box" Water Birth Tub-from”Birth Pool in a Box” In the 1960s Russia began using the Water Birth technique, and Michel Odent (a French Obstetrician) studied its use to benefit the process of birthing in the seventies and eighties. Odent shared what was discovered in the book Birth Reborn. Until the 1990s, the United States still did not use the method even though it had gained world-wide respectability. Water relieves pain during labor because of “the law of buoyancy” also known as Archimedes principle. It says that when an object is placed in water, it will displace a volume of water in equivalence to its own weight. A pregnant women feels an almost weightlessness when she is in the water which supports muscles and bones. This allows for the uterus to spare its energy. As the muscles of the abdomen, thighs and back relax…so will the birth passage. More depth the mother has in the pool, the greater effect of weightlessness. This is especially good for back labor. As the muscles of the back relax, the internal tissues will also. It then will allow baby to maneuver, especially if positioned in the posterior direction. Stress and anxiety causes the release of the stress hormones, which may not be the best idea for both baby and mother during labor. Stress hormones in the effort to protect will move the blood from non-vital areas of the body, which includes the uterus (considered by the natural hormonal reactions as a non-vital organ). Without the full flow of blood the uterus, the baby becomes oxygen deprived. Water also “tricks the pain sensing system (Sears & Sears,153).” When the body of the pregnant woman is immersed it acts like a continuing body massage, and the temperature and touch-sensitive nerve receptors of the skin are stimulated. This process floods the nervous system with “pleasant sensations, virtually gridlocking the gate to painful stimuli (Ibid.)”. In The Birth Book, Sears & Sears state that from 1985 to 1995 about 18,800 women used a Jacuzzi like pool at a birthing center in Upland, California. Dr. Rosenthal, the director and obstetrician stated that the women had almost always experienced shorter / easier labors, and had 1/3 the cesarean section than hospitals. Other benefits experienced: • Another birthing center used water birth for VBAC and had 87.5 success rate. • Mothers labeled “high risk” because of high blood pressure which had reduced dramatically within a few moments after submersing in the pool. Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Google+ photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60872	The Mecelle (also transliterated Mejelle, Majalla, Medjelle, or Meğelle, from the Ottoman Turkish, Mecelle-ʾi Aḥkām-ı ʿAdlīye - from Arabic, مجلة الأحكام العدلية Majallah el-Ahkam-i-Adliya) was the civil code of the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was the first attempt to codify a part of the Sharia-based law of an Islamic state.[1][2] Ahmed Cevdet Pasha Ahmed Cevdet Pasha (1822–1895), the lead author of the Mecelle The code was prepared by a commission headed by Ahmed Cevdet Pasha, including a large team of scholars, issued in sixteen volumes (containing 1,851 articles) from 1869 to 1876 and entered into force in the year 1877. In its structure and approach it was clearly influenced by the earlier European codifications. Covering most areas of civil law, it exempted family law, which remained a domain of religious law. It has been praised as the first successful attempt to render Hanafi fiqh into legal civil code comprehensible to the layperson and not just to scholars.[3] The substance of the code was based on the Hanafi legal tradition that enjoyed official status in the Empire, put into European code-form. However, using the method of preference (tahayyur), it also incorporated other legal opinions that were considered more appropriate to the time, including from non-Hanafis. As the Mecelle was eventually applied in the secular (nizamiye) courts as well as in the Sharia courts of the Empire, Jews and Christians were for the first time subjected to Islamic law instead of their own law, but could now be called as witnesses in court. Post-Ottoman application After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire following World War I, the Mecelle remained a lasting influence in most of its successor states (except Egypt, where it was never in force). The Mecelle was long-lasting in most places since it was effective, coherent, and difficult to dislodge. It remained in force: The Mecelle also remained the basis of civil law in Jordan and Kuwait. Book 1: Sale The first book of the Mecelle is composed of seven chapters that focus on the jurisprudence and codification of laws regarding sale. These include standards of contracts, the subject matter of sales, matters relating to price, giving and taking delivery, and various categories of things sold and the effect thereof. Book 2: Hire Book 2 is the legal codification of circumstances dealing with hire (renting). This book contains general hire specifications, questions relating to the contract of hire, questions relating to the amount of the hire, period of the hire, type of thing hired and matters relating thereto, rights and obligations of person giving and person taking on hire after the conclusion of contract, and matters of compensation. Book 3: Guarantee Book 3 deals with legal guarantee. This includes matters of contractual agreement and release from a contract of guarantee. Book 4: Transfer of Debt This book includes matters of contracts dealing in transfer of debts. Book 5: Pledges A pledge consists of setting aside property from which it is possible to obtain payment or satisfaction of some claim. Such property is then said to be pledged, or given in pledge. Book 5 includes the fundamental basis of the contract of the pledge, stipulations of the pledgor and pledgee, fundamental rules relating to the pledge, and sale of the pledge. Book 6: Trust and Trusteeship This book contains all legal information regarding trusts and trusteeship. A trust involves something that is entrusted to one person from another person for safe keeping. Trusts can also involve the loaning of something for use, meaning that the one accepting the loan is to enjoy use in the subject of the trust. This section includes general conditions of trusteeship, as well as stipulations for depositing for safe keeping and loaning for use Book 7: Gift A gift consists of bestowing the ownership of property upon some other person without receiving anything in return. This section consists of two chapters that outline matters relating to the contract of gift and fundamental rules relating to gift, such as guidelines for the revocation of a gift. Book 8: Wrongful Appropriation and Destruction Wrongful appropriation is when a person takes and keeps another person's property without the owner's consent. This book is composed of law regarding wrongful appropriation and destruction of one's property by another. This book also defines direct and indirect destruction of property and the legal ramifications associated with each type of property destruction. Book 9: Interdiction, Constraint and Pre-emption In this book, interdiction, constraint, and pre-emption are legally codified where interdiction consists of prohibiting any particular person from dealing with his own property; Constraint consists of wrongfully forcing a person through fear to do something without his consent. Pre-emption consists of acquiring possession of property which has been purchased, by paying the purchaser what he paid for it. This book defines matters relating to the interdiction of minors, lunatics, and imbeciles, as well as prodigals and debtors. In regards to pre-emption, this book includes conditions attaching to the right of pre-emption, the claim of pre-emption, and the effect of pre-emption. Book 10: Joint Ownership This book is composed of law regarding joint ownership, in which a thing belongs absolutely to more than one individual. In this book, there is a distinction made between two classes of joint ownership. The first class is when joint ownership arises due to purchase or gift. The second class is when joint ownership comes about through contract and agreement of parties in the joint ownership. This book is composed of eight chapters including legal code on partition, walls and neighbors, jointly owned property which is free, joint expenses, and partnership. Book 11: Agency Book 11 is based on agency, which consists of one person empowering another person to perform some act for him. This book is composed of three chapters regarding the fundamental basis and classification of agency, conditions attaching to agency, and essential elements of agency. Book 12: Settlement and Release This book divides settlement into three parts and release into two parts. Settlement: The first part consists of a settlement by admission of the defendant. The second part consists of a settlement by denial of the defendant. The third part consists of a settlement by the silence of the defendant consequent upon the absence of any admission or denial. Release: The first part consists of release by way of renunciation of a right. The second consists of release by admission of payment. This book includes chapters dealing with conclusion of a contract of settlement and release, the consideration and subject matter of the settlement, the subject matter of the settlement, and fundamental conditions governing settlement and release. Book 13: Admissions This book is composed of law regarding conditions governing admissions, the validity of an admission, the effect of an admission, and written admissions. Book 14: Actions This book is based on actions, where an action is a claim against a person made by another person in court. This book includes conditions and fundamental rules relating to an action and the defense, as well as limitations to actions. Book 15: Evidence and Administration of an Oath This book is composed of four chapters that include law on the nature of evidence, documentary evidence and presumptive evidence, administering an oath, and preferred evidence and administration of an oath to both parties. Book 16: Administration of Justice by the Courts This final book of the Mecelle is based on the legal administration of justice including codification of judges, judgement, retrial, and arbitration. 1. ^ "Mecelle" in Oxford Islamic Studies Online 2. ^ Abdal Hakim Murad, "Authority within Islam",, 2013. 3. ^ Khan, Feisal (2015-12-22). Islamic Banking in Pakistan: Shariah-Compliant Finance and the Quest to Make Pakistan More Islamic. Routledge. p. 79. ISBN 9781317366539. Retrieved 9 February 2017. 4. ^ Guberman, Shlomo (2000). The Development of the Law in Israel: The First 50 Years, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed January 2007 • Schneider, Irene (2001). "Aḥmad Ğawdat Paša". In Michael Stolleis (ed.). Juristen: ein biographisches Lexikon; von der Antike bis zum 20. Jahrhundert (in German) (2nd ed.). München: Beck. p. 23. ISBN 3-406-45957-9. • Encyclopedia of World History, 6th. ed., online at, accessed January 2007 External links Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60874	Take a bulb For Marisa and Will on their wedding 6th May 2006 Take a bulb A tulip say, or a daffodil, Not quite of this world Layered, containing all that is needed For year after year after year of bloom. The ground is prepared, a niche carved out And therein the bulb gently placed, covered with hope Protected from the whim of climate It nestles into the earth Roots caressing a darkness more profound than night And weaving a silky net around flint and earthworm alike. You and I may walk by this place everyday But only when these days get longer Do we see green ruckle the soil to glide up and up A bud like lips, pointing towards the sky The twin of the bulb beneath. The folds of petals unwind their colour- So vivid: all that is good in life Finely balanced on this supine bloom, its slender stalk and the bulb beneath, A bulb steadfast, discrete. Given long enough It could fill a whole field with colour Year after year after year Sandwich making For Kathy and Paul's wedding 26th August 2006 It's when you take great care over making a sandwich you will not eat and, impatient for lunchtime, imagine all the different places your work will be enjoyed, all thoughts it might engender. You walk to work, passing a crooner in an empty precinct, his sixty something voice echoing concretely at 9 a.m. You think you know why he sings, it brings thoughts of fruit, of trees bowing under apricot-amber plums wishing to reach their red speckled kin that lie in the grass, softening under the touch of the Sun. And from those hundreds of plums you find two in your lunchbox. Two plums you did not put there. Two plums side by side. Two plums whose union you will complete by eating the flesh together with alternate bites, keeping the stones somewhere safe, secret, close. blossom flamenco Tall trees Teacup white blossoms Flamenco skirts Upon dancer's hips. Out with Amy Amy and I had just carried our bikes up the steps that link the river path to the dual carriageway. Not a single car occupied the four lanes of the road. We commented on this peculiarity but continued. I silently pondered on how one rides through unusual circumstances until they become an obstacle. Sure enough, after a couple of minutes a barrier appeared and it barred every lane. A figure in a day-glo jacket sat on the other side. He stood up as we got closer. After establishing the road was, closed even to us, he answered our query as to why. Climbers were ridding the cliff face of loose rocks thus protecting persons such as myself and Amy from receiving horrific stony injuries. Within this brief exchange an hour had been added to our journey. We turned to begin the cycle diversion. Four empty lanes- what else to do but gently weave across each one? The mud flats of the river were grotesque but their repugnance was attractive in itself. The brown, wet malleable landscape had something human about it- a flabby power. I glimpsed the fat slicks through the leaves of trees lining the road. The tips of the leaves white green reflected the sun more powerfully than the ones nearer the ground. Gently curving away from the body of water to its counterpart over the road, one faced wasteland. Unconscious behind a link fence, the wasteland was a thin sibling, unshaven and bedsore. Amy noticed an empty billboard frame I'd looked straight through without noticing. A squat pre-fab building was obstinately rooted in the otherwise empty space. All wastelands seem to have one of these. This had been tagged in large letters which made it a definite part of urbania stranded between developments. It seemed to me an exemplar of the urban pastoral- these patchy green spaces are interrupted by suburban outposts which are never sustained. These pre-fab buildings always get boarded up and thus become places to go for those who wish to get out of sight and do something like spray or destroy. They carry those hours of transgression during the day whilst at school or work, 'troublemakers' sure they won't get caught. And all the time I was thinking the road was mine and Amy's- empty and beautiful under our four ty res. The afternoon light was perfect for a memory such as this. I used the digital camera my sister leant me to shoot 35 seconds of road and Amy. Amy shot 36 seconds of road and me and her shadow, her cycling up the right lane and me cycling up the left, a raised, paved barrier between us. Soon we reached some orange cones: the other end of the road block. Amy's curiosity was aroused by some red blotches at the side of the road. Earlier when we'd been walking in Blaise I'd noticed a red blotch on a log. When I wondered aloud what it was, Amy gravely informed me, 'That's nature rotting, Hannah.' The blotches we now examined were also on their journey towards mulchy oblivion but they were still recognisable as apples. Looking up we saw a tree bearing small, red fruits. After a few attempts Amy and I each held one. I haven't tasted such sweetness for a long time. Crisp flesh that released juice in an explosion down my jumper. I thought of Kayle and her urban fruit project. She'd given me a pot of plum jam made from fruit picked from public trees. I remembered the packe ts of seedballs she'd made and was selling at Cube. Each muddy ball is packed with all sorts of seeds. You throw them into urban wastelands and then they create flourishing pockets of flora. I'd tell her about this place. Amy and I stood in one of the four lanes of the dual carriageway. We had reached the plain where the world is the traveller's very own orchard- everything was there for our delight. Miss Porter and the Swan Miss Porter noticed that the traffic was very slow. She didn't take much notice because she was thinking about magpies. She was walking to the train station, perhaps to meet a friend there or in another part of England, I don't know. I do know that when she realised all the traffic had stopped she stopped walking and looked at the road. In the middle of the carriageway was a swan, a swan not doing very much, not even looking very lost. It was just there, in the middle of the road stopping cars. Miss Porter examined the scene and decided to take action. From her bag she drew her telescopic umbrella and opened it before slowly approaching the large bird. She knew swans are strong and ill tempered (Leda may have crossed her mind) and an open umbrella seemed to be a good means of self defence. Coming at an angle to the swan she tried to direct it to the side of the road but with little success. Another woman came to her assistance. A male driver clapped his hands whilst making a shoo-ing motion with them. Together they managed to persuade the bird to retire to a one way side road but once there (again in the middle, the animal seemed to possess an innate desire for symmetry) the women, umbrella and clapping man could no longer exert an influence. With reluctance they desisted. Miss Porter felt the time had now come for the RSPB to be called. As she did so two builders, who had been observing the situation, walked into the road the swan was now occupying. They sat on either side of the great white bird and talked to her in soft, masculine voices, edging closer with every sentence. One began to touch the feathers on her left wing and was soon able to stroke her in long, unhurried arcs. Miss Porter had retreated to the pavement. She noticed the builder's hands seemed very large and pink against the swan's body. Fascinated, she watched as one of the builders gently placed his hand at the base of the swan's majestic neck while the other supported her belly and together, after the briefest exchange of looks, they lifted her to the pavement, a few metres from where Miss Porter herself was standing. The swan maintained her indifference, remaining where she had been carefully lowered. The builders stood over her, their uniform of paint spattered and dusty clothes made them strange sentries to this elegant misfit. Miss Porter looked at the scene for a moment more. A half hour had passed; she was late for her friend, but she had been late even before this incident. Nevertheless, it provided her with a noble, incredible excuse. Although the hands on the clocks tell the same time, Cristina actually wakes up an hour earlier than the rest of her family. When they wake they see a bluer sky and the Sun feels warmer. The birds sing slightly differently and the traffic does not sound the same. Perhaps these subtle differences alter Cristina, perhaps they make her different from a self who wakes up at the same time and in the same country as her family, from a self who had never gone away. But even if she were to return to Spain tonight, in the morning of her family she would remain altered. She contains more comparisons now, not just those gained through growing up in the same place where the childhood riddles of space and time are solved with every year that passes. The foreign light that has filtered into her has illuminated hidden places and cast others into deeper shadow. The dissimilarities she has to the people of England have revealed as many dissimilarities she has to the people of her own country. And this has bloomed into loneliness, and given strength, and sometimes transformed the mundane into something sweet and overwhelming. So, right now she possesses places not to be found in the clocks at home; but in time these too will be cast into shadow or be so luminous that she has to look away. ©2005 A curling wave is how the heart feels on an evening such as this: strong but powerless to stop itself breaking, dissipating in the shadow of the next wave, remembered only in the grain of the pebbles it rustled briefly, each small stone smooth as a heart softened by glances. Dog walking The herring-bone clouds swell to shark ribs as night collapses over Billericay. My dog and I meander along the pavement watching a mid-November night begin hardly visible in a land which fears the dark where headlights reflected in a puddle are the nearest one could hope to get to a shooting star. Billericay Oxfam The elderly lady cupped the back of my hand in her won as she gave me change from my ten pound note. She was warm and her touch was light. Her face is one I recognise from my Billericay life, I cannot place her exactly though. She apologised for giving me a dirty five pound note and our eyes met for a few seconds. She recognised me too. The smile she gave me was the sort of quiet gesture that only the old can make. Fur Nest The end of the second week in her new job found Nunu in a room surrounded by expensive furs lining the collapsible clothes rail like a dormant pack. She was so tired. All week the restaurant had been preparing for the special pre-opening night and now it was 11.30pm and guests were still arriving though none had left. She had been employed as a runner transferring food from the kitchen to the customers' tables. However, Nunu had a propensity to be clumsy and if she felt under pressure or nervous this characteristic became very pronounced as the last few days had revealed. Because of this she had been relegated to cloakroom duty and she felt the separation from the other equally inexperienced but more confident staff keenly. So she sat alone in the converted function room. Her task was simple enough, hanging and ticketing coats, but the guests were surprisingly obnoxious and not one had failed to snipe, scowl, sneer or snarl at her. She slouched in the chair feeling tired and dejected and began stroking the sleeve of a nearby coat absentmindedly. She pushed her arm between two thick brown coats and was instantly warmed. It was as if the fur had been waiting for bare skin to protect and heat. Nunu closed her eyes and became aware of nothing save for her arm nestling until a sharp nudge to her thigh made her jump and snatch her arm back. A middle-aged man was glaring at her. He poked her again with his cane. "Take my coat!" he growled. "This is appalling service! What were you doing with those jackets? Put mine over there, away from your chair." Nunu did so, silenced by embarrassment. "Don't touch it until I return," he snapped. Nunu could see the unspoken, "You stupid bitch." in his eyes. She stared at him, unable to speak. He filled her with revulsion, not just for him but for the situation she was in. Why was she sitting in this drafty room hanging up people's coats? What had she become? Could she ever hope to do anything else? She looked out into the restaurant. It was heaving with expensively smeared bodies. Red faces, tottering couples, people grabbing glass after glass of cheap champagne. She shut the door, hesitated and then opened it again. She walked over to the main till and looked at the key hooks that were above it. Under the 'Internal Doors' label hung a bunch of four or five new keys. Nunu removed them, returned to the function room ignoring anyone who tried to get her attention, closed the door and locked it. She took the longest coats from the rails and laid them in an oval shape under the long, oak dining table. Nearly all of them were lined with silk so she placed them lined side up. After arranging seven on top of each other the floor under the table became indiscernible. She then took the furs and carefully piled them around the silky foundation until she had made a thick nest. She untied her laces and slipped off her shoes. She hesitated, but only briefly, before removing the rest of her clothing. Then taking a red-lined, ankle-length mink from the back rail she crawled into the fur nest. The coats seemed to caress her, finding her skin and warming it, making her feel safe. She drew the mink up to her chin, fur side in, and fell fast asleep.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60882	ArtsAutosBooksBusinessEducationEntertainmentFamilyFashionFoodGamesGenderHealthHolidaysHomeHubPagesPersonal FinancePetsPoliticsReligionSportsTechnologyTravel Made in America Quality Returns Updated on December 12, 2012 America Is on the Rebound Manufacturing -- these days many of the items we buy are not made in America. Especially in the car industry, many people have lost their faith in the quality of American goods. Well, we're here to tell you that America is coming back! Some of the best things continue to be Made in America, and we'd like to point out just a few. Made in America… What Does It Mean to You? Made in America. If you’re an American (and I’m speaking to Americans here), the concept probably really meant something to you when you were growing up, if you’re anyone over the age of thirty. We’re a proud people, and when we thought of the phrase, it meant well-made with quality materials and able to withstand punishment, right? Having something made in America used to be important to us. Today, our markets are flooded by goods made from everywhere in the world, except America. And then, we wonder why our economy is failing. One thing that could fix a lot of our financial woes is manufacturing at home. We don’t make steel that much anymore, and clothing comes from China, El Salvador, or Bangladesh. Do you even pay attention to where a product was made when you’re buying? Believe it or not, there are still plenty of great products that are made right here in the U. S. A. That’s not to say that we don’t get quality products from overseas in some instances. I mean, look at Mercedes, Diamonds, or Lenovo computers. These, along with Toyota, Samsung, and Mitsubishi have built up great reputations, and people now trust the brands. But much of our manufacturing has gone overseas. Even Apple makes at least some of their products in China. However, there are still some very strong large and boutique manufacturers in the U. S., making the things just like those your grandfather used to buy, with the same quality materials and expert workmanship that we used to love and be proud to own. According to the Huffington Post , in a July 2012 article, here are 10 products still well made right here in America: 1. Underwear – Spanx, which makes 200 products ranging from slimming apparel and swimsuits, to bras, active wear and men's under shirts, bucks the trend for taking their textile business to China and makes most of the under undergarments they sell in the U. S. 2. Refrigerators – SubZero – Wolf Refrigerator, a company that made the first stand-alone freezers in 1934, are still making their freezers right here in America. 3. Motorcycles – Yes, you guessed it. Harley-Davidson, still made in the U. S. A. 4. Mixers – Kitchen Aid makes their popular mixers in a factory in Greenville, Ohio. 5. Grills –Weber-Stephen Products LLC still has been making their grills in Palatine, IL since 1952. 6. Post-It Notes – The 3M Company makes these ingenious sticky notes in St. Paul, MN. 7. Vacuum Cleaners – The Oreck XL is made in Cookeville, TN. 8. Bakeware – Since 1915, Pyrex has been making glass bakeware that won’t shatter when taken from the over to the freezer in Charleroi, PA. 9. Men’s Accessories – Vvego, a company founded by commercial pilot, turned designer, Robert Porter, makes very cool wallets, heavy-duty belts, cufflink sets, and other products in Birmingham, AL. A new company in comparison to the others on this list, Vvego is proving that Made in America still means quality and durability. 10. Computer Chips – The Intel Company still makes its ubiquitous and reliable microprocessors in Santa Clara, CA. When you’re shopping for any of the products listed above, think about helping your country by buying American. Help yourself by picking up some high-quality items, and help other Americans by putting them to work. Bring that old idea of “Made in America,” as it refers to quality materials and superb craftsmanship, back into vogue. Do you look for a "Made in America" tag when you shop? See results 0 of 8192 characters used Post Comment • profile image 3 years ago If intoamrfion were soccer, this would be a goooooal! • profile image 3 years ago That's a shrewd answer to a tricky qusotien • LifeisLovely profile image 6 years ago from Clearwater, Florida Yeah, like more jobs. Looking back throughout history we use to do a lot for not only our country, but ourselves individually. • customgiftsforhim profile imageAUTHOR Jackie Mann 6 years ago Thanks, LifeisLovely! Could solve lots of problems, eh? • LifeisLovely profile image 6 years ago from Clearwater, Florida Very interesting hub. It was well-written and I voted up and interesting. It would be great to bring a lot of products back to being American made. You have also gained a new follower. This website uses cookies Show Details LoginThis is necessary to sign in to the HubPages Service. AkismetThis is used to detect comment spam. (Privacy Policy) Google AdSenseThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy) Index ExchangeThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy) SovrnThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy) Facebook AdsThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy) AppNexusThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy) OpenxThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy) Rubicon ProjectThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy) TripleLiftThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy)
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60883	ArtsAutosBooksBusinessEducationEntertainmentFamilyFashionFoodGamesGenderHealthHolidaysHomeHubPagesPersonal FinancePetsPoliticsReligionSportsTechnologyTravel Quotes and Sayings of Rumi Updated on August 1, 2009 Rumi in Art Click thumbnail to view full-size Jalaluddin RumiSufi DervishA painting of RumiRumi in thoughts! Jalaluddin Rumi Jalaluddin Rumi Sufi Dervish Sufi Dervish A painting of Rumi A painting of Rumi Rumi in thoughts! Rumi in thoughts! Who is Rumi? Jalalaluddin Muhammad Rumi, commonly known as Rumi, was a 13th Century mystic in Persia. A lawyer by profession, Rumi was a mystic at heart. As a child, he travelled with his family, migrating from country to country in turmoil due to the Mongol invasion in Persia. Greatly influenced by Sufi philosophy, Rumi's writing illustrates deep knowlegde of the Islamic teachings and traditions. Rumi is attributed to founding the Mevlevi Order which is a group of whirling Sufi practioners in Turkey. Although Rumi belongs from Persia, his works appeal and allure to people from all over the world. Here are some of his famous quotes and sayings on Love, Life and Wisdom. Rumi Love Poems Rumi Love Poems Rumi Sayings about Love "If your guidance is your ego, don't rely on luck for help. you sleep during the day and the nights are short. By the time you wake up your life may be over." "Hangovers come with love, yet love's the cure for hangovers. "The way you make love is the way God will be with you." "Close both see with the other eye." "Let the lover be disgraceful, crazy, absentminded. Someone sober will worry about things going badly. Let the lover be." "The agony of lovers burns with the fire of passion. Lovers leave traces of where they've been. The wailing of broken hearts is the doorway to God." "Friends are enemies sometimes, and enemies friends." "Let the beauty we love be what we do." "Most people guard against going into the fire, and so end up in it." "Nightingales are put in cages because their songs give pleasure. Whoever heard of keeping a crow?" Rumi on Wisdom "Only from the heart Can you touch the sky." "Patience is the key to joy." "People of the world don't look at themselves, and so they blame one another." "The middle path is the way to wisdom." "To praise is to praise how one surrenders to the emptiness." "You think the shadow is the substance." Dedications to Rumi Rumi Stamp Rumi Stamp Rumi's grave in Rumi Museum of Turkey Rumi's grave in Rumi Museum of Turkey Sufi dancers at Sufi's tomb in Turkey Sufi dancers at Sufi's tomb in Turkey Rumi's quotes about Life "Appear as you are, Be as you appear." "I'll meet you there." "I come to you, aching for you. You say, 'You're drunk. Go away.' I say 'No. I'm not drunk. Please open the door.' You say, 'You are, you are.. Go away'." "This being human is a guest house. Every morning a new arrival. A joy, a depression, a meanness, some momentary awareness comes as an unexpected visitor. Welcome and entertain all! Even if they're a crowd of sorrows, who violently sweep your house empty of its furniture, still, treat each guest honorably. He may be clearing you out for some new delight. The dark thought, the shame, the malice, meet them at the door laughing, and invite them in. Be grateful for whomever comes, because each has been sent as a guide from beyond." "Conventional opinion is the ruin of our souls." "In this world of trickery emptiness is what your heart wants." "In silence there is eloquence. Stop weaving and watch how the pattern improves." "You wander from room to room Hunting for the diamond necklace That is already around your neck!" "Travelers, it is late. Life's sun is going to set. During these brief days that you have strength, be quick and spare no effort of your wings." "You suppose you are the trouble But you are the cure You suppose that you are the lock on the door But you are the key that opens it It's too bad that you want to be someone else You don't see your own face, your own beauty Yet, no face is more beautiful than yours." "When you come looking for sugar, your bag will be examined to see how much it can hold; it will be filled accordingly." "Outside ideas of right doing and wrong doing there is a field." The Life of Rumi Comments Board 0 of 8192 characters used Post Comment • profile image Hassan Gul 3 years ago Beyond all concepts of wrong doing and right doing. There is a feild. I'll meet you there.................. • profile image 3 years ago If you are me and I am you, What is this separation between you and me_? • profile image 4 years ago Aw ay, beyond all concepts of wrong doing and right doing, in a field , i will meet you ,there. • profile image shakir Ahmad 4 years ago • profile image 5 years ago wonderfuuuuul and ful of elderly wisdom • Amoah59 profile image Amoah Francis 6 years ago from Accar - Ghana The power of love. • profile image mary rose lopez 6 years ago i like rumi`s quotation ever • profile image 6 years ago Rumi the real rockstar Beyond imagination there was a star Rumi the rockstar • profile image Moeez Basha 6 years ago HAY very very very quiet looking sweety where ru from honey and INSHALLAH ur"s LIFE is going very properes u dont choose any bad road please and u do any think in ur life at a time u think for ur family as well as good and u want to do any think for other people as well as u good take care of ur life ur any Good Dream having TRUE • profile image Shahnaaz Bemath 7 years ago Rumi's wisdom goes far beyond description... Too beautiful & captivating • profile image Siddhartha Joshi 7 years ago This is so beautiful...thanks for sharing... • rianiriani profile image 8 years ago 'Out beyond ideas of wrong doing and right doing, there is a field, I'll meet you there.' i like it the complete way:D nice hub. • profile image 9 years ago This website uses cookies Show Details LoginThis is necessary to sign in to the HubPages Service. AkismetThis is used to detect comment spam. (Privacy Policy) Google AdSenseThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy) Index ExchangeThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy) SovrnThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy) Facebook AdsThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy) AppNexusThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy) OpenxThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy) Rubicon ProjectThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy) TripleLiftThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy)
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60897	Loading Events August 30, 2018 Frankenstein Book Discussion (Elizabeth) Event Details Teen and adult book discussion in conference room with Sara Deatrick facilitating and snacks provided beforehand. We will use questions from the handout to focus the conversation. Books given out starting July 23. Event Info August 30, 2018, 7:00pm - 7:00pm
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60902	From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core Jump to: navigation, search SiSU logo Developer(s) Ralph Amissah Initial release 5 January 2005 (2005-01-05) Stable release 7.0.0 / May 1, 2015 (2015-05-01) Operating system Unix-like Type Text Structuring, Publishing, Search License GPLv3 SiSU ("SiSU information Structuring Universe" or "Structured information, Serialized Units"),[1] is a Unix command line-oriented framework for document structuring, publishing and search. Using markup applied to a document, or a collection of documents, SiSU can produce plain text, HTML, XHTML, EPUB, XML, OpenDocument, LaTeX or PDF files, and populate an SQL database. Document structuring SiSU offers its user a way to structure plain text and to add graphics, hyperlinks, endnotes, footnotes etc. with simple text editing programs such as Notepad (Windows), TextEdit (Mac) or Gedit (GNU/Linux). The markup language is mnemonic and human readable. To process the marked up document(s) with SiSU, the user issues a command via the command-line of the computer terminal. The output can be generated in multiple formats (html, pdf, epub, and others) with one single command. Publishing and self-publishing A document, or a collection of documents, which has been processed by SiSU is technically ready to be published on the web, or printed on paper. Canadian author Cory Doctorow, for instance, has used SiSU as a publishing tool and blogged about it.[2] In a newspaper article, Doctorow called SiSU an "automated ebook workflow tool".[3] Earlier examples of webpublishing with SiSU are Projet de traité instituant l'Union Européenne / Draft Treaty Establishing the European Union[4] and the novel Tainaron by Finnish author Leena Krohn.[5] SiSU can populate an SQL database with objects(equating generally to paragraph-sized chunks) so searches may be performed and matches returned with that degree of granularity (e.g. your search criteria are met by these documents and at these locations within each document). Document output formats share a common object numbering system for locating content. This is particularly suitable for "published" works (finalized texts as opposed to works that are frequently changed or updated) for which it provides a fixed means of reference of content. SiSU has been under development since 1997, and written in Ruby since 2000. It was released under the GPL in January 2005. SiSU developed out of work done on a project started earlier on documents related to (primarily private) international commercial law and international trade law started in 1993 on a site known then as Ananse, and more recently as LexMercatoria SiSU first open source was on Jan 5 2005, [6] and to Debian was in July 2005. SiSU version 1 was released December 2009. SiSU version 2 was released March 2010. Version 2 features a new processing engine. Markup remains substantially identical between versions, apart from changes to the markup for document headers (which contain document metadata and processing instructions). Both version 1 and 2 text processing engines are available in the version 2 tarball. Development takes place on the version 2 branch. Version 1 is available to guarantee compatibility with older prepared texts (prior to the updating of document headers), and as an earlier reference implementation. Notes and references 2. "Doctorow: Browse all versions". With a Little Help. 2010-10-03. Retrieved 2011-08-11.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> 3. Doctorow, Cory (2010-12-17). "The Internet Problem: when an abundance of choice becomes an issue". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2011-08-11.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> Guardian (London) 17 December, 2010. 4. "Spinelli's Footsteps". 2005-11-28. Retrieved 2011-08-11.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> 5. . This example was created with SiSU in February 1999. Accessed 2011-08-11. 6. "Announce SiSU - publishing for e-documents, books, libraries, relational databases". Ruby Maillist. 2005-01-05. Retrieved 2015-05-05.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> External links
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60904	Create a New Insider Account First-time users need to activate their accounts by filling out the form below. Min: 8 Char, 1 Upper, 1 Lower, and 1 Number or Special Char The passwords do not match. Sign In To Insider If you've already created an account, please log in to gain access to all the program information. Need Help Signing In? 715-833-6300
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60955	Welcome to the JVET VVC bug tracker Welcome to the JVET issue tracker. Report a new bug/issue Issues that affect both BMS and VTM should be reported for BMS with a note in the description that VTM is also affected. The JEM software was an experimental software that lead to the VVC standardization activity. The JEM software is no longer maintained. Accounts are shared with HEVC bug tracker. Account creation is only possible there! Login data is processed in the account system according to the Fraunhofer HHI Data Protection Policy. Last modified 4 months ago Last modified on 24 Aug 2018 17:11:00
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60974	Kodrah Kristang Core Team Director and Main Instructor Kevin Martens Wong is a graduate of Portuguese-Eurasian descent from the National University of Singapore’s linguistics programme, the founder and director of the Kodrah Kristang revitalization initiative, the director of Singapore’s first ever Kristang Language Festival in May 2017, and a member of the CoLang Advisory Circle for the documentation and revitalization of endangered languages around the world. His first novel, Altered Straits, was published in February 2017 by Epigram Books. Language Consultant Bernard Mesenas is a retired English teacher, the primary Kodrah Kristang and Kristang Language Festival language consultant and storyteller, and one of the last native speakers of Kristang in Singapore. He also serves as the principal language consultant for the ongoing National University of Signapore module EL3212: Field Methods in Linguistics: Kristang. Core Team Members and Co-Instructors Andre D’Rozario is a full time National Serviceman of Portuguese and Dutch-Eurasian descent. His Eurasian identity has always been an integral part of who he was, and he felt an immediate connection to the language. He was the Art Director for Ila-Ila Di Sul, the first professionally-developed Kodrah Kristang board game, and has a passion for the Arts, Animation, Storytelling, and now the Kristang language. He hopes to create new media and stories for the language and the community in the future, as well as eventually becoming a teacher of the language. Frances Loke Wei is a graduate from the National University of Singapore’s linguistics programme. As a native Cantonese-speaking Singaporean who has almost no one her age to speak Cantonese to, she hopes for a Singapore that knows of and embraces its diverse linguistic landscape, and by extension, its rich collective culture. In her bid to be part of a society that values more than the economic, Frances strives to explore Singapore’s enviro-cultural values through the eyes of different profiles of people, and to reclaim knowledge of local cultural and environmental heritage that she was unfortunately not exposed to growing up. Fuad Johari is a civil servant and avid fan of history, culture, and languages, especially those of Singapore and the Southeast Asian region. He is interested in the alternative faces of Singapore not widely seen or publicised in the country. Hailing from a minority background, he is keen to see how efforts to revitalise Kristang may provide a way forward for like-minded heritage speakers from other communities who may wish to spearhead their own revitalisation efforts. Luís Morgado da Costa is a native Portuguese working at NTU as a researcher in Computational Linguistics. He is a language enthusiast who majored in Asian Studies to pursue his curiosity for Asian languages, history and cultures. He initially focused on Chinese, Japanese, and Persian studies, and later pursued a Masters in Cognitive Science. He has a wide range of interests, ranging from Computer Assisted Language Learning and Natural Language Processing, Cognitive Psychology, and Neural Basis of Memory and Learning. He had his first encounter with Kristang through history books, studying Portuguese Colonial History. But when he first heard Kristang being spoken, he was immediately captured by its melodicity and strange sense of almost unintelligible familiarity.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60982	Log in No account? Create an account 18 January 2010 @ 07:54 pm New Artwork - Dread and Bella/Alice Femslash Do not edit any of these graphics. Please comment and credit; comments make me happy! More graphics and credits are available at Full Size Title: Resistance Cast: Bella and Alice Words: Muse Info:A pairing wallpaper based on my second favorite femslash pairing, Bella and Alice. I used the Muse lyrics because they seemed to fit perfectly. Full Size Title: The Beast Won Cast: Quaid and Joshua Words: Quaid Info: A wallpaper made from Clive Barker's "Dread". SPOILER TO 'DREAD' BELOW!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! The character, Joshua, has an extreme fear of becoming deaf again after being deaf for two years due to a head injury, only to gain his hearing again. Quaid, doing an experiment in fear, decides to deafen him again after trapping him and firing a gun on either sides of his head, causing him to lose all hearing. The scene itself is quite horrific because you watch as Joshua seems to lose everything. Parts of it are filled with nothing but silence and you realize yourself how much one would lose if that were to happen and how awful what happened to him actually was. Losing his hearing is essentially like losing a part of his life. I decided to make the image of Joshua in the hospital bed black and white because that image was the moment he realized he was permanently deaf and there was no audio in the scene. The lack of color symbolizes his loss. I feel: hornyhorny I'm listening to: In Bloom by Nirvana
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60986	Fluent Validation Rules Episode 18 Run Time 14:36 Imagine that you need to define a validation rule which specifies that the provided email address must be unique on the users table, limited to the email column, where the person's active status is set to true, but excluding the current user's email address. As you may know, traditionally, we must provide a comma separated list within a string for all of these parameters. It's pretty rough! But not anymore. Now, in Laravel 5.3, you can use the useful Rule class to fluently build up these constraints. Publish Date: October 25, 2016
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/60988	Nevada Revised Statutes Section 199.290 - Crimes and Punishments Compounding crimes. 1. A person who asks or receives, directly or indirectly, any compensation, gratuity or reward, or any promise thereof, upon an agreement or understanding that he will compound or conceal a crime or violation of a statute, or abstain from testifying thereto, delay a prosecution therefor or withhold any evidence thereof, except in a case where a compromise is allowed by law, shall be punished: (a) For a category D felony as provided in NRS 193.130. (b) For a gross misdemeanor, where the agreement or understanding relates to a gross misdemeanor or misdemeanor, or to a violation of statute for which a pecuniary penalty or forfeiture is prescribed. 2. In any proceeding against a person for compounding a crime, it is not necessary to prove that any person has been convicted of the crime or violation of statute in relation to which an agreement or understanding herein prohibited was made. Last modified: February 25, 2006
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/61006	[Top][All Lists] [O] Proposal: references from code to text. From: ZHUO QL (KDr2) Subject: [O] Proposal: references from code to text. Date: Sat, 12 May 2018 13:29:48 +0000 (UTC) Hi all, I just post a proposal for orgmode on my website(generated by orgmode): http://kdr2.com/tech/emacs/1805-proposal-org-ref-code-to-text.html . Here is the source of the proposal: # -- mode: org; mode: auto-fill; -- #+TITLE: Proposal for Orgmode: references from code to text. #+OPTIONS: toc:nil #+OPTIONS: num:nil #+BEGIN: inc-file :file "common.inc.org" #+CALL: dynamic-header() :results raw #+CALL: meta-keywords(kws='("orgmode" "literate programming")) :results raw # - DATE <2018-05-12 Sat> Literate programming is writing out the program logic in a human language with included (separated by a primitive markup) code snippets and macros. A preprocessor is used to substitute arbitrary hierarchies, or rather "interconnected 'webs' of macros", to produce documentation with another ("weave"). So in a literate programming source file, any chunk is either a block of code or a block of document in a human language, I'll call them code and text below. In my opinion, code and text should be able to reference each other: - Text refers to text \\ In the exported/woven documentation, these references act as links, make interconnections between relevant topics. - Text refers to code \\ The links in the exported/woven documentation can also link to a line of code if the code blocks are also included in the exported/woven documentation. - Code refers to code \\ That's the most important part of the literate programming. This kind of references act as placeholders or something like macro in the C-programming language. With it, literate programming provides an ability to change the order of the source code from a machine-imposed sequence to one convenient to the human mind. [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literate_programming#Example][Here is a simple Example depicts this concept]]. - Code refers to text \\ So far as I know, no literate programming tool has this kind of references. However, this kind of references could be very benifical too. Many programming languages have a mechanism to support embedding documentation(usually as comments) in the source code, AKA [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docstring][Docstring]]. These embedded documentations are widely and conveniently used in editor, REPL and IDE. For instance, the docs of any elisp function that we can read in Emacs are from the elisp source. But in literate programming we seldom embed comments into the code blocks, as an impliaction the extracted/tangled code has no docs embeded. If we can refer to chunks of text in the code blocks, we will have the chance to include these chunks of text as embeded docs in the code in the tangling process, which results in well-documented source code. This is useful especially while the programmer are authoring reusable source code, like libraries or Here is the implementation status of these kinds of references of noweb and Org mode (~->~ means 'has the ability to make reference \| tool \| text -> text \| code -> code \| text -> code \| code -> text \| \| noweb \| No \| Yes \| No \| No \| \| Org mode \| Yes, links \| Yes, noweb style \| Yes, ~(ref:)~ \| No \| As we saw, both noweb and Org mode do not implement the reference from code to text. Could we provide this feature in Org mode -- the best and widely used literate programming tool? As a proposal, in Org mode, we can mimic the labels in code blocks(i.e. text -> code reference), use something like ~(ref:text:<REF-NAME>)~ as the reference from code to text: We use the function add to calculate the sum of two numbers. ,#+BEGIN_SRC elisp (defun add (x y) (+ x y)) The Org file above will produce the code below: #+BEGIN_SRC elisp (defun add (x y) "We use the function add to calculate the sum of two numbers." (+ x y)) - Beside the ~NAME~, we could also support reference via the ~CUSTOM_ID~ property or anything else that can locate a text chunk. - In the tangling process, we should do some kind of transformation of the target text, for example, escape the quote mark. A hook may be needed to let the user customize the transformation too. What do you think? References - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literate_programming - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noweb - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docstring - http://orgmode.org/manual/Extracting-source-code.html#Extracting-source-code - http://orgmode.org/manual/Noweb-reference-syntax.html#Noweb-reference-syntax - http://orgmode.org/manual/Literal-examples.html#Literal-examples - https://orgmode.org/worg/dev/org-syntax.html * Discuss and Comment #+BEGIN: inc-file :file "comment.inc.org" reply via email to [Prev in Thread] Current Thread [Next in Thread]
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/61029	Sign up or log in to Magoosh AP Calc Prep. Shaun Ault AP Calculus Review: Optimization This review article is all about optimization. Here, you’ll learn the tools and techniques for setting up and solving these often difficult problems. And along the way, we’ll work out a few examples! The method of optimization uses derivatives to find maximum or minimum values. However, the functions that need to be optimized typically have more than one variable. Hence, considerable work goes into transforming the problem into a single-variable function first. Let’s introduce the methods using a concrete example. Example: A Widget Factory Suppose you own a business that makes and sells widgets. If you sell x widgets at a price of p dollars each, then that earns your company a total of xp dollars. By the way, the quantity R = xp is called the revenue. So why not just charge a huge price for each widget to earn the most money you can? After all, the objective of most successful companies is to maximize their revenue. Well, you would raise prices, except that you noticed in the past that every time you did so, there were fewer sales of widgets. In other words, as p increases, x decreases. Widgets R Us graph There is a relationship between price (p) and quantity sold (x). The higher the price, the fewer widgets can be sold. Fortunately, if you know exactly what the relationship between price and number of widgets sold at that price (or demand), then you can use optimization to find the price that maximizes your revenues! Using the Relation to Reduce Variables Next, suppose that we add one vital piece of information to this problem: The relationship between price and demand is given: x = 400 – 40p + p2, for 0 ≤ p ≤ 20 Note, any equation that relates the variables of an optimization problem is a constraint equation. Now do you remember that revenue function? (In case you forgot, it was R = xp.) Let’s use the relationship between x and p replace x to create an objective function having only one variable. R = xp = (400 – 40p + p2)p = 400p – 40p2 + p3 Using the Derivative to Find the Maximum Now that we have a single-variable expression, we can use the usual techniques from Calculus to find its maximum value. First take the derivative of the objective function: R ' = 400 – 80p + 3p2 Next, set the derivative equal to zero to locate any critical points. Here, we’ll have to use the Quadratic Formula. 400 – 80p + 3p2 = 0 p = 6.67, or 20. Because we got two answers, we have to check which one (if any) gives the correct result. Plugging in each one into the revenue function, we find: R(6.67) = 400(6.67) – 40(6.67)2 + (6.67)3 = 1185.18 R(20) = 400(20) – 40(20)2 + (20)3 = 0 Clearly p = 6.67 gives better revenue. (By the way, since there was a restriction that 0 ≤ p ≤ 20, we do not have to worry about what the revenue function does beyond p = 20.) Solving the Original Problem According to the work above, the price should be p = $6.67. Then, to find the actual number of widgets that produces this amount, simply plug into the constraint. x = 400 – 40(6.67) + (6.67)2 = 177.7 Rounding to the nearest widget, your company should produce and sell 178 widgets at a price of $6.67 each to achieve a maximum revenue of (178)(6.67) = $1,187 (approximately). How Will AP Help Me in College? -Magoosh Calculus can make you rich! Well, that and a lot of hard work, I guess… Method of Optimization So what have we learned from the above example? Even though most of the work was peculiar to this situation (revenue, price, demand, etc.), there are a number of steps that are useful in general. 1. Read the Problem carefully. (This should go without saying.) Identify what you are trying to maximize or minimize (the objective) and what relationships exist among the variables (constraint equation). 2. Write the objective as well as any constraints in terms of the variables in the problem. 3. Use algebra to solve the constaint(s) and reduce the number of variables in the objective. The goal is to express your objective function in terms of only one variable. 4. Use calculus to find the max or min of the objective function. This means taking a derivative, setting it equal to zero, solving, and determining which solutions give the appropriate answers for the given problem. 5. Make sure you answer the original question. You might have to find the values of the other variables or quantities now. The hardest thing about optimization problems is the setup (Steps 1-2), because that changes from problem to problem. Example: Rectangles and Parabolas Find the largest area possible for a rectangle inscribed between the parabola y = 9 – x2 and the x-axis, with its base on the x-axis. First, let’s sketch the graph of the parabola as well as a typical inscribed rectangle. Parabola and rectangle for optimization problem Our objective is to maximize the area of the rectangle. Area of a rectangle: A = bh. Because the parabola touches the rectangle at its upper corners, we know that the height of the rectangle is the same as the y-coordinate of the upper right corner point. That is, h = y = 9 – x2. The base length of the rectangle is b = 2x (a distance of x on the left and the right side). The two equations above are the constraints. Let’s replace the variables b and h in our objective function by their equivalent expressions in terms of x. A = bh = (2x)(9 – x2) = 18x – 2x3 Now we can take a derivative and set it equal to zero. optimization example 2, worked out Of course, only the positive x-value makes sense in this context. Plug x = √3 into the area formula (objective function) to find the maximum area. Solution to optimization problem 2 Ready to get your highest AP Calc score? Start here. About Shaun Ault Leave a Reply
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/61045	Do You Have a Strong Trade-mark? A trade-mark is a mark that is used by a person for the purpose of distinguishing goods or services from those of others. As the function of trade-marks is to distinguish the origins of goods and services, trade-marks must be distinctive. We sometimes see clients seeking to register a trade-mark that merely describes the goods or services associated with the mark, for example CANADIAN GRAINS for use on grains. Such marks are generally not registrable due to lack of distinctiveness. The Trade-marks Act (Canada) provides that a trade-mark is not registrable if it is clearly descriptive or deceptively misdescriptive in the English or French language of the character or quality of the goods or services in association with the mark, unless the mark has acquired distinctiveness (i.e. a secondary meaning that enables the consumers to recognize the mark as an indicator of origin, such as XEROX for copy machines) through use in Canada. Secondary meaning may be acquired through long-term use and evidence of a considerable amount of marketing of the good or service in association with the descriptive mark. However, to avoid the trouble of having to submit abundant evidence to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office to establish the acquired distinctiveness of a mark, if any, you should adopt an inherently distinctive trade-mark, which is on its face registrable. The inherent distinctiveness of a trade-mark means the extent to which the mark describes the nature, character or quality of goods or services. A mark has high inherent distinctiveness if it is unrelated to the associated goods or services (for example REEBOK for sports footwear and apparel). On the contrary, a mark has low or no inherent distinctiveness if it describes the nature, character or quality of goods or services (for example HEARING CENTRE for hearing aid equipment or hearing health services). The more inherent distinctiveness a mark has, the stronger it is in the sense that it is easier for the trade-mark owner to assert that a third party using a visually or phonetically similar mark causes confusion among the consumers as to the origin of goods or services and therefore constitutes trade-mark infringement. In summary, a trade-mark with low distinctiveness may be either unregistrable or gives weak protection to the trade-mark owner with respect to the enforcement of their trade-mark rights. It is very important, when choosing a trade-mark, to adopt a strong mark with high inherent distinctiveness in order to aquire better trade-mark protection. If you would like more information regarding trade-marks, please contact Sandy Song.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/61048	Falling Masses, the Big Picture. This lecture note will make your life ten-fold easier in the scope of the problems it addresses. Consider it a talisman. I discovered this a couple of weeks ago when I was solving these problems for my own conceptual understanding. So I waited till I can completely enunciate the big picture. When I confirmed that its valid for all the following problems I made this note and sharing with you. There is nothing there. According to classical mechanics — from 400 year old knowledge of physics, space and time have been considered to be separate entities but not fundamental. Space and time were not considered fundamental quantities as these parameters did not have the mandate to change physical laws of nature. They were merely the tools of the mind or the more aptly the conscious mind. They help us visualize but not dictate what ought to happen. The wrong questions and responses in GATE 2018, Physics. Here is a summary of the questions which has possibly been set wrong (I have given details below) or numerical answer types whose answers have been given incorrectly as per the declared answer sheet. Q8. The magnetic field also has a odd parity. Not “E and A only”. Since that choice (or “none of the above”) isn’t given, clearly the question has been set wrong … Wrong question in GATE 2018 physics? I think the above question asked in GATE 2018 (physics) is wrong. Any vector has two components. The component perpendicular to the parity axis has even parity and the parallel component to the axis has odd parity. The opposite is true for axial vectors. E, A vectors. B, L axial vectors. The correct answer per gate exam body is E, A. Why not B and L? It’s an arbitrary situation and perpendicular components of these fields will have odd parity. April 16.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/61075	How to get to Appollo Street in Bellville by Train Directions to Appollo Street from places in Bellville using Train Click to get updated timetables Questions & Answers Get directions from your current location Moovit is the world's #1 transport app. Supports over 2600 cities in 85 + countries worldwide! Google Play badge AppStore badge Want to know the best way to get to Appollo Street in Bellville, South Africa? Looking for the nearest stop or a specific station close to your destination? If you’re looking to get to Appollo Street, here’s a list of stops and stations closest to Appollo Street: Bishop Lavis; Lavistown. Want to take a specific transit option? Train are available public transportation alternatives that can be used to reach your destination. Any of the following transit lines have routes that pass near Appollo Street - Train: Train - CENTRAL LINE. Appollo Street, Bellville Moovit - Your local transportation app for Android and iOS Moovit Live arrivals, timetables, maps
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/61079	Three Things Parents Shouldn’t Do 1. They have high expectations; 2. They teach their kids social skills; 3. They require their kids to do chores. The No-No List for Parents Maybe they’ll even return the favor! Five Etiquette Rules for Teens Communicating with a Look When my husband and I are at a party, there comes a point where he catches my eye and gives me a look. I know exactly what that means: he’s ready to head for home. No words are needed. Stuff happens in my classroom every day. Students tap on their desks, talk when they’re not supposed to, blurt out answers, make jokes at wrong times. My first response is to give them a look. It sounds simple, but the behavior usually stops (sometimes with a guilty grin). This wouldn’t be the result if I had an antagonistic relationship with my students. Instead of a positive response, I’d hear, “What? I wasn’t doing anything!” or “Why are you always looking at me?” Maintaining a good relationship with teens is the key to better behavior and less defensiveness. When teens feel loved (or even liked), they can put up with necessary admonishment. But when they feel that an adult is out to get them, their default response is hostility, either outright or in a more passive-aggressive form. A look can communicate more than one message. From my husband it means “Let’s go.” To my students it can say, “Cut it out,” or “Seriously?” But it can also be a form of positive interaction: “You get it, don’t you?” “Are you okay with this?” or even “Thanks.” Teens appreciate the nonverbal communication because it’s less embarrassing than calling them out in front of their peers. It’s also relationship-building; it’s how they communicate with one another during class! If your look is misunderstood or taken the wrong way–“I thought you were mad at me!”–just laugh and explain. That experience in itself can be another relationship builder: “Remember that time you were trying to tell me something and I was scared that I was doing something wrong?” In order for looks to be effective (and understood), there first has to be a good relationship. Do what you can to stay connected, and you’ll find you can use your eyes more than your voice! September 11 Are They Deaf? No Need to Up the Stakes I could see the frustration in the 8th grade mom’s face: “I tried taking away her phone like you said, but she didn’t care. She just shrugged, said, ‘Okay, fine,’ and handed it over. I guess next time I’ll have to think of something worse!” I assured her she wouldn’t have to do that if she just kept taking the phone away whenever the undesired behavior (or attitude, in this case) occurred. Parents forget that the purpose of a consequence is to curb behavior; they aren’t trying to make the teen mad. Of course this will happen (often), but it shouldn’t be the goal. It’s like a driver who receives 3 or 4 speeding tickets in the same neighborhood, or on the same stretch of freeway. Eventually he’ll get tired of paying the fines and slow down as he approaches that area. The consequence doesn’t have to change; it just has to happen consistently. Besides, some teens will use their non-anger as a power ploy, refusing to give their parents the satisfaction of making them miserable – at least on the surface. Rest assured, however, that if the consequence is appropriate, the teen will be upset enough to want to avoid it happening again. In the above situation, I heard about it at school every day. “I’d text you, but I don’t have a phone!” “Only 10 more days until I get my phone back!” “I’d better not, or my mom won’t ever give me back my phone!” I’d say that consequence was painful enough!
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/61081	The Mudcat Cafemuddy User Name Thread Name Subject Posted Stu BS: Las Vegas - 59 dead so far (267* d) RE: BS: Las Vegas - 50 dead so far 02 Oct 17 Can't see why everyone in the US is so uptight about North Korea getting a nuke. After all, the nuke won't kill anyone. Post to this Thread - Back to the Main Forum Page Try it all, you will see.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/61098	Farm without a horse is barely a farm, but in Nanosy horses are not only helping to run the household. Rated as one of the top 100 horse shows in the world our equestrian show is 1.5 hours long and uses all elements of equestrian sport. The stable itself is a masterpiece, designed according to the sketches form the XIXth century, our stables truly represent the spirit of noble animals living inside. Not only you can ride, take care and look at horses in Nanosu, we also introduce you to Zebras and a donkey that help us run the farm.
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/61111	By Tom Henderson • Staff Writer • Rally outside Sheridan prison attracts huge crowd Only online subscribers may access this article. Already a subscriber, please . The first nine paragraphs of this article are a perfect example of why people don't trust news outlets anymore. It's no longer about objectively reporting the facts of what happened. It's about using emotion to push an this case turning what was probably an isolated incident or two of some drunken redneck hollerin' out his truck window, and turning it in to a big emotional sob story obviously meant to persuade readers to a point of view. What ever happened to just reporting the facts and doing it in such an objective way that the reader can never tell the personal political position of the reporter? I'm afraid those days are long gone. I don't think all reporters do this on purpose. But whether it's deliberate or not, it's what they do...and it happens on both sides of the political spectrum. Sad. oh, and in regards to all these protesters out there? I have great respect for them. It's great to see people exercising their constitutional right to peacefully protest and make their voices and opinions heard. Bill B This is not balanced reporting. Just like all the newspapers and TV stations in the country by stirring the pot and keeping people on edge. No positives just the negatives of all reported. It sells papers and advertising. I don't easily see how starting this story with a 12-year-old giving out ice water and Kool-Aid to the protesters shows bias. It provides a feature treatment on 5-day-old event. Apparently the facts of this story is based on direct observations and interviews by the reporter. The essence of journalism. Seems to me that "rednecks" picking on a pre-teen at the equivalent of a lemonade stand at an otherwise peaceful demonstration is newsy enough. The pro-Trumpers who yelled at her should have just driven on by if they didn't want to stir things up enough to be in the paper. Just like the non bias in the letters to the editor section of today’s NewsRegister. There were four letters for the liberals and one for the conservatives. All on the same subject of this article. Seems pretty fair to me. That's ridiculous, Jim. We publish all of the local letters we get. We got five on this subject this week and published all five. Would you rather that we made some letters up, or deliberately withheld some arbitrarily? You are advocating that we put our thumb on the scale to produce some sort of artificial and thus potentially misleading balance? It's public forum. We don't play games with it. If you send us a letter, we run it. Steve Bagwell, Editorial Page Editor Bagwell you better read everything you had in your view points. It’s all biased towards beating up the President. The article about the celebrations in the county ends with don’t yell at the little girl serving ice water after starting out the piece nicely. Over the years with my fight with the school district you personally and the Newspaper were totally biased on the District’s side. I can think of two letters that I wrote that were never published. If you want people to believe what you or any other news source has to say you need to present all sides of a topic. There is always two sides to a story that is controversial. Web Design and Web Development by Buildable
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/61118	© Nobuyoshi Araki © Helmut Newton “Identity is untenable: it is death, since it fails to inscribe its own death. Such is the case with closed, or metastable, or functional, or cybernetic systems, which are all eventually waylaid by laughter, instantaneous subversion (and not by a long dialectical labor), because all the inertia of these systems works against them. Ambivalence lies in wait for the most accomplished systems, those that have succeeded in construing their own functional principles, like the binary God of Leibniz. The fascination that they exercise because they are constructed on such profound denials, as in the case of fetishism, can be reversed in an instant. Their fragility arises from this, and grows in proportion to their ideal coherence. These systems, even when they are based on a radical indeterminism (the loss of meaning), become once more the prey of meaning. They fall under the weight of their own monstrosity, like the dinosaurs, and decompose immediately.” Jean Baudrillard Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Google+ photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/61122	December 1, 2011 The Motive for Metonymy (A Parochial Theme in Two Parts) Part 1 The Toronto Research Group, founded by Steve McCaffery and Canadian avant-garde poet bpNichol, issued a number of reports on its poetic investigations in the early 1970s, among them a report on translation, which they defined as “an activity upon a source text and a transportation of selected material into a new context.”1 One of the major findings of the reports was, as Nichol and McCaffery explain, the range of poetic possibilities that can be produced through a particular translative protocol, namely that of the “homolinguistic translation.” “If we no longer consider translation as being necessarily an informational service — the one tongue’s access to another –” they write, then it can become a creative endeavor in its own right. Moreover, it is no longer necessarily dependent on a heterolinguistic context. In a homolinguistic situation, the translative act need not involve the subjective formulations of verbal, notational equivalents, for the vocabulary is settled as an objective phenomenon before any creative departure. The shift of notational systems (with its attendant problems) are eliminated at the outset. (Rational Geomancy 32) The research experiment consists, then, in figuring out what is required to abandon “informational service,” and it’s in this pressure to relinquish information that homolinguistic translation emerges as a key protocol. This protocol is one that McCaffery has adopted in a number of experimental projects including his recently reissued Every Way Oakly, a homolinguistic translation of Gertrude Stein’s Tender Buttons. As we’ll see, Every Way Oakly is a work that in fact involves a great deal of “activity upon the source text.” What doesn’t change between the source text and the text of the translation, however, is the language in which each text is written. As McCaffery himself explains in his introduction, the poems of Every Way Oakly are to be understood as initial investigations in the concept of homolinguistic translation (i.e., translation within the same language) and the use of such translation to generate contentually new texts that, nonetheless, obey certain of the basic tenets of translation (the passage from a source to a target language and the preservation, in that passage, of some trace of the source elements).2 Having a “source language” that is the same as the “target language,” we find ourselves with a further question, in this case, about the very object of translation: what “trace of the source elements” is being preserved, if it’s the words but not the language they’re part of that is being changed? If (to recall McCaffery and Nichol’s report) “one tongue’s access to another” is not a matter of access between languages, what is being accessed? But if it’s the words but not the language that are being changed in homolinguistic translation, one could ask, isn’t homolinguistic translation just the same thing as paraphrase? Why isn’t every paraphrase a homolinguistic translation? We can begin to feel the force being exerted on the separation of homolinguistic translation and “informational service” in McCaffery and Nichol’s report, since in fact there’s no requirement that homolinguistic translation absolve itself of the duty to perform informational service. And as long as it doesn’t, it would seem as though there’s nothing to save a project like Every Way Oakly from, if not the heresy of paraphrase, then the banality of paraphrase. But as we’ll see by looking at one of the translated poems, the theory of translation under which it operates enacts a heresy of paraphrase and in doing so performs a sort of ingenious solution to the heresy of paraphrase. Before we turn to McCaffery’s text, it will be useful to see what Stein’s poems look like in a more conventional “heterolinguistic” translation. Here is Stein’s original poem, “A Purse”: A purse was not green, it was not straw color, it was hardly seen and it had a long use and the chain, the chain was never missing, it was not misplaced, it showed that it was open, that is all that it showed.3 And here is its translation into French as “La Bourse,” from Jacques Demarcq’s 2005 Tendres Boutons: Une bourse n’était pas verte ni couleur paille, elle était à peine visible et avait servi servi longtemps et la chaîne, la chaîne ne manquait jamais, elle n’était pas mal placée, elle montrait que c’était ouvert, c’est tout ce qu’on voyait.4 Demarcq’s translation of the first two clauses — “Une bourse n’était pas verte ni couleur paille” for “A purse was not green, it was not straw color” — seems close enough to Stein’s on the semantic level: any English-French dictionary will give us “vert” for “green,” “couleur,” for “color,” and “paille” for “straw.” And the translation is even closer on the syntactical level: in the French we find nouns, negating particles, adjectives, etc., pretty much equivalent to and exactly in the place and order we find them in the English. But certain liberties emerge as the translation continues. Demarcq gives us “avait servi servi longtemps” for Stein’s “had a long use.” Perhaps “longtemps” seems insufficiently “long,” so we need the insistence of “servi servi” to get the force of “long use.” Or maybe Demarcq doesn’t want us to lose the fact that there’s a rhyme in Stein’s poem (“it was not green…it was hardly seen”), so he gives us “n’était pas verte ni…avait servi,” but that doesn’t help explain the repetition. And we can see a certain liberty taken as well where “misplaced” is rendered as “mal placée.” On the one hand there’s a semantic as well as visual proximity — “mal” corresponds closely to “mis” and “placée” to “placed” — but Demarcq’s word choice actually produces a puzzle about Stein’s meaning where there might have been none at all, had the translator written instead “la chaîne n’est jamais égarée” (the chain is never mislaid). So with this translation, what information is being communicated? Where is the French tongue accessing the English? And what is not being being accessed or communicated? The shared sense and the shared letters between “misplaced” and “mal placée” capture a certain “information” from Stein’s poem (to recall Nichol and McCaffery’s report), or we might say a certain “content” (if we take McCaffery’s language from his introduction to Every Way Oakly): the verb “place” and the “bad” associations of “mis-,” the shared “m’s” and “l’s” and “c’s,” and the sounds that go with them. But there’s a referential dimension that isn’t being communicated or accessed at all. For while with “mal placée” the translator has given us a sense equivalent to one available to any speaker of English (we can read “misplaced” as “badly placed”), something closer to “the chain was never mislaid” – a good paraphrase, we might say – would help establish the reference Stein’s poem makes to the tiny chain that attaches to an interior coin purse in handbags from the period. The chain is never misplaced because it’s attached to the purse, and the chain can only be seen when the bag is open (“it showed that it was open and that is all”). With “égarée,” then, we might lose some of the patent “information” of the text — the “m’s” and “l’s” and “c’s” and the verb “place” contained in “misplaced” — and the aural and visual experiences they afford. But we would retain information that helps us imagine the object — the purse — that the poem is intended to represent. Demarcq’s translation gives us the inverse: we might get from it access to something closer to the material information in Stein’s poem “A Purse” but we get less access to the purse that that material is being used to represent. We get the experience of the original, but not quite the meaning. Here is McCaffery’s translation of “A Purse” from Every Way Oakly: (Oakley 57) Homolinguistic translation may have emerged, according to Nichol and McCaffery’s report, from an effort to abandon “informational service”; nevertheless the first line of this translation, “There are no buts about it,” performs a very straightforward “informational service.” While it is not a translation of any meaning of the source text, and it’s certainly not a paraphrase, it is a very literal description of the entire poem if “it” refers to Stein’s “A Purse.” “There are no buts about it” because the clauses of “A Purse” are either coordinated by an “and” or no conjunction at all. The word “but” never occurs. My point here isn’t that McCaffery is really doing “informational service” when he claims homolinguistic translation is a means of avoiding it. As we’ll see, these informational gestures signal instead a very different way of understanding “one tongue’s access to another,” one that does indeed abandon what McCaffery and Nichol mean by “informational service.” The lines that follow “no buts about it” spin out various associative logics, operating at the level of syntax, reference, sound and sense, sometimes simultaneously. The purse that “was not green” in Stein’s poem becomes “the field that was,” in McCaffery’s, and “straw” becomes “hay when it named itself gold.” There’s no mistaking the Rumplestiltskin allusions here. The translator spins out his associations in a thread that starts as straw and turns to gold. The allusion continues, when McCaffery spins Stein’s chain into “bicycle/peddles and links.” The bicycle’s chain is already slipping, however, since the “peddles” associated with it are already working two different referential registers, one that associates the pedals of a bicycle with the pedals of a spinning wheel, but another that associates the pedaling of either with the peddling of goods and extends the thread of “purse” and “gold.” Repeatedly in interviews as well as in the introduction to Every Way Oakly, McCaffery acknowledges his debt to what he calls “allusive referential,” an experimental concept and technique he developed in collaboration with Fluxus founder Dick Higgins. And the debt is easy to see if we look at Higgins’s own explanation of the concept in “Notes Toward an Allusive Referential”: 1) I think a. Let us call a my “object.” 2) As artist, I observe that though I try to think a simply, I find that my mind moves on to b. I could fight this and insist upon mentioning a only. This would cause anxiety, of course, but that might have its uses. However, instead, I accept the displacement. B now becomes the new object, which I will call a “referential” [the substitution]. 3) But I find that when I refer to b in my original context, that the sense of a, if the intuition has been a close one, remains. B is justified by its heightening of the experience of a — though a displacement, the allusion (or movement from a to b) has created a vivid effect in my mind. 4) The reader need not go through the beginning of the process. The reader simply reads b and feels a (ideally).5 If we map Higgins’s “allusive referential” scenario onto the example of McCaffery’s translation, we start with Stein’s poem as the “object” that the artist is “thinking” — Stein’s “A Purse” is McCaffery’s a (as we know from the mention of the fact that there are “no buts about it”). And we could say that in thinking about this object a, which, in addition to lacking any “buts” also includes such things as “A purse was not green, it was not straw color” and “the chain was never missing,” McCaffery finds his mind moving on to green fields and straw spinning into gold and bicycle chains and the peddling of goods. And as Higgins suggests, why “fight this,” why stick to the referents given by a only? So McCaffery does not stop at at the first line, which we might describe in Higgins’s terms as “mentioning a.” The translation goes on and gives us the ways in which the artist (the translator, in this case) “accepts the displacement”; the translation records for us the effects of his new object b, which is the “referential” complex of Rumplestiltskin and bicycles and economic exchange. In this respect, as I began to suggest earlier, we could say the homolinguistic translation doesn’t involve giving up “informational service” at all. If anything, the translation’s “allusive referential” involves an intensification of the information, since what we get in b is both a sense of a and the effects of a on the translator. In other words, the information is not just what’s available in a (the lack of “buts,” an idea of green, an idea of money); it’s also a’s effects on the translator, the “movement from a to b” that creates, as Higgins puts it, “a vivid effect in my mind.” And not only is b “justified by the heightening of the experience of a,” but its heightening seems to consist in part in compounding these experiences for new subjects, for readers who encounter b: As we recall from Higgins, “The reader need not go through the beginning of the process. The reader simply reads b and feels a.” What we have is clearly a kind of causal chain of experience, or a circuit even, but what kind of a chain is this? If the “heightened experience of a” is something that can travel from one person to another, then this chain is surely one that’s not only hardly seen, but never seen: In reading “A Purse,” I would have to feel the feelings, think the thoughts McCaffery felt and thought in reading Stein’s “A Purse.” But how can one person actually feel another person’s a? More plausibly, we might think that the causal chain involves a proliferation of effects from the same a — not different subjects having the same feelings about a, but the same a producing different feelings in different subjects. But then we also have a different source of pathos — how can I tell if my a is the same as your a? Not how can I feel another person’s a, but how can I know another person’s a? In the first instance, “one tongue’s access to another” looks like a kind of Whitmanian fantasy of shared embodiment (“every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you”). The second instance, meanwhile, requires not so much one tongue’s access to another as one text’s access to another. But the access between texts in this instance is just as literally embodied as the access between tongues in the first. As McCaffery explains in the introduction to Every Way Oakly, In the present translation, [the] cubist perceptual method has been preserved and Stein’s method of observation and description has become my method of reading and translating…. The source texts (Stein’s original pieces) become textual still lives placed under the rigor of translational observations so as to generate their target texts along the lines of allusive reference and connotational structures and possibilities. (ix) If I can’t feel what McCaffery feels, but nevertheless, by the workings of the allusive referential, I am to feel his a when I read his b, then it looks as if it’s something about the object a that must pass from text to text and become available in my experience of b. Indeed, for this to happen the source text and target text themselves must function as objects, as things that require a perceptual method for a method of reading. One of the Tortonto Research Group’s other major discoveries, also from its 1973 report on translation, was a “link between found poetry and translation”: “The translative movement from a source to a target language was seen,” write McCaffery and Nichol, “to involve a shift in the context of signs. Like translation, the found poem is an activity upon a source text and a transportation of selected material into a new context” (Rational Geomancy 56). While the difference between the translation and the found poem is left unstated here, we can infer that it must be a difference above all in the degree of “activity upon the source text.” If translation and found poetry both involve “activity upon a source text,” the found poem simply represents a minimization of that activity to as close to zero as possible. In this respect, all translations could be said to be a version of found poetry — some of them just involve more activity upon the source text than others. Moreover, the likeness extends further if we go back to the earlier discussion of the “allusive referential.” In the case of a found poem, there’s no question that reading b will enable me to feel a, since the target text b shares not just some things but everything with its source text a. Part 2. We have already seen how the metonymic displacements in McCaffery’s translation of Tender Buttons are designed to proliferate experiential effects, and how those effects depend on a highly literalized sense of the information a text contains. Of course for McCaffery, and indeed for some of the most influential experimental poetic movements of the late 70s and 80s, in particular the Language movement in the U.S., Stein’s work was understood to privilege metonymy. And it’s not just a commonplace among the Language writers and their affiliates, but a commonplace in Stein criticism as well, to treat Tender Buttons as eschewing metaphor in favor of metonymy. Christopher Knight, for example, describes the poems as given over, in Roman Jakobson’s terms, “to one pole, the metonymic with its consequent suggestion of contiguity and realism, over the other,” namely metaphor.6 And for Stephen Scobie, this privileging of metonymy is what allows Stein’s poems to “break[] out of the logocentric, patriarchal world…the imposed ‘identities of metaphor; along the horizontal axis of combination, it offers the unlimited freeplay of dissemination.”7 A more recent body of work, following on the heels of language poetry and also heavily influenced by it, has turned not to Stein, but to Wallace Stevens, whose lyric commitments and New Critical champions have previously lumped him with T.S. Eliot among the Language movement’s “bad” modernists (as opposed to the “good” ones like Stein, Laura (Riding) Jackson, William Carlos Williams and Louis Zukofsky). And although this new interest in Stevens has functioned not exactly to recruit him for metonymy, the critique of his commitment to metaphor (which can be found in the work of poets from Frank Bidart to Rae Armantrout to Jennifer Moxley) has, I’ll argue in the second half of this paper, functioned to produce a skepticism that goes beyond the Language poets’ enthusiasm for the explosion of meaning into an “unlimited freeplay of dissemination” and for systemic indeterminacy. It has been instead through something like a radicalization of metaphor rather than metonymy that meaning as such has come to be understood not as inherently indeterminate but inherently false, and that truth has come to inhere in the refusal of holding any beliefs at all. In a recent interview, Armantrout discusses a poem from her book Next Life, called “Reversible”, which begins: Try this Shadows of leaves between shadows of venetian blinds like holes across a scroll of a player piano But are similes reversible? Try this. Trunk of a palm tree as the leg of a one-legged “To my mind,” Armantrout says in the interview, the simile that follows is not reversible. That is, someone might well imagine, fancifully, that a palm tree’s trunk, below its little skirt of fronds, looked like a ballerina’s leg, but no one would look at a ballerina’s leg and imagine that it looked like a palm tree. So that’s an answer, of sorts. But, for me, it opens up another question: what does it mean if similes aren’t reversible? If they’re out of balance, does that undercut their validity.”9 I’ll make clearer what this has to do with Stevens specifically in a moment, but for now the point is just to establish Armantrout’s particular way of suspecting metaphor – a suspicion that is actually compatible with a more general suspicion of the prospects for truth claims, and a suspicion that Stevens, I will argue, not despite, but entirely in keeping with his understanding of and commitment to the motives for metaphor, shares. In what sense is a metaphor “invalidated” if it’s not “reversible?” What would it mean for a metaphor to be “valid” in the first place? We can get a sense of what might be at stake from a 1992 essay in which Armantrout prefaces an extended reading of a poem by Lyn Hejinian with a passage from an essay in which Hejinian, on the one hand, criticizes metaphor for its conservation of meaning and, on the other hand, celebrates metonymy, in good postmodern fashion, for what amounts to its indeterminacy: Metonymy moves attention from thing to thing; its principle is combination rather than selection. Compared to metaphor, which depends on code, metonym preserves context, foregrounds interrelationship. And again in comparison to metaphor, which is based on similarity, and in which meanings are conserved and transferred from one thing to something said to be like it, the metonymic world is unstable. While metonymy maintains the intactness of particulars, its paratactic perspective gives it multiple vanishing points.10 Armantrout, in turn, goes on to praise Hejinian’s poetry for its metonymic workings and the “restless attention” they generate, in contrast to a poem by Sharon Olds, whose “mainstream verse,” Armantrout deplores for the ways that it “impl[ies] that people and things are serviceable, interchangeable, ready to be pressed into the service of metaphor” (Collected Prose 41). The metaphor that is served, moreover, is a “system” with “no outside…no acknowledged division within it. It is imperialistic” (Collected Prose 41). What then is the relationship between what Armantrout sees as the “imperialism” of metaphor and what Hejinian sees as its conservation of meaning? Now it might seem like a contradiction for Armantrout to claim, on the one hand, that similes are irreversible; and on the other, that “people and things…pressed into the service of metaphor” have been rendered “interchangeable.” The logic that can exchange “my love” for a “red rose” obviously depends on the principle of interchangeability, a principle that functions above all to conserve the qualities of one thing in our ideas about another. But once the rose becomes the vehicle and my love the tenor (or we might say, using the language of cognitive linguistics, as well as of translation, once the rose becomes the source and my love the target for this transfer of qualities), the one subsumes the other, annexes it in good imperial fashion. And Armantrout is willing to use an even more predatory analogy to make the point. As she says in a 1999 interview with Hejinian: “Metaphor is like one thing swallowing another: the bulge of the antelope in the boa’s midriff. Metaphor should make us suspicious, but we can’t do without it.”11 Wallace Stevens was certainly aware of the power of metaphor to conserve certain qualities even as it obliterates the object of its transactions. In “Poetry Is a Destructive Force,” the second poem in a 12-poem sequence Stevens published under the title Canonica in the Partisan Review in 1938, tenor and vehicle fight it out, and only one emerges intact, having utterly consumed the other: That’s what misery is, Nothing to have at heart. It is to have or nothing. It is a thing to have, A lion, an ox in his breast, To feel it breathing there. Corazon, stout dog, Young ox, bow-legged bear, He tastes its blood, not spit. He is like a man In the body of a violent beast. Its muscles are his own . . . The lion sleeps in the sun. Its nose is on its paws. It can kill a man.12 To say that the thing one has at heart is a lion or an ox is to construct a metaphor, where the heart shares the stoutness, the physical power, of a notoriously powerful beast. In the next stanza, however, the “be” verb that enacts the initial equivalence is eliminated, and the metaphorical transformation of the heart into a beast is enacted through sheer juxtaposition: “Corazon, stout dog, young ox, bow-legged bear.” Apparently the less of “is” there is, the more literal the metaphor becomes, so literal that the man whose heart is like a beast can actually taste that beast: “He tastes its blood, not spit.” The transformation is complete, and the consequence of its completion is that the man himself becomes a metaphor, marked by the signal “like”: “He is like a man.” Yet in no longer being a man but merely being “like” a man, he is also wholly consumed by the original figure: “He is like a man/In the body of a violent beast.” The vehicle of the metaphor, the beast that began as a figure for the man’s heart, has now swallowed its tenor in a violent act of consumption, such that the man has become its heart. Meanwhile the beast, overcome by the exhaustion that follows a kill, lies down for a nap: “The lion sleeps in the sun./Its nose is on its paws.” What we have learned then, is that “Poetry is a destructive force” because “it can kill a man.” And more specifically, it is the heart of poetry — metaphor — that kills him. Now I don’t for a moment think Armantrout has Stevens’s postprandial lion in mind with her metaphorical boa fat after its kill. But throughout each of her two most recent books, Next Life, published in 2007, and Versed, published in 2009, she produces poems that invoke and test the boundaries between tenor and vehicle and make self-conscious work of addressing metaphor as such. Obviously many poets across many centuries have shared a self-conscious interest in the devices of their craft. In each of these recent volumes, however, Armantrout has also produced a poem that reads as nothing if not a kind of a homolinguistic translation of another more familiar poem of Stevens, “The Poems of Our Climate,” which, as it happens, immediately follows “Poetry is a Destructive Force” in the Canonica sequence, and takes up what it might look like to rid poetry of the desire to represent things as other than what they are. In Next Life, “Close,” one of Armantrout’s allusions to “The Poems of Our Climate,” offers, in the place of Stevens’s “Clear water in a brilliant bowl/Pink and white carnations” (Stevens 193), “Dry, white frazzle/in a blue vase.” (Next Life 11). Moreover, following Stevens’s’ “still one would want more, one would need more/More than a world of snowy scents,” Armantrout gives us, in “Help,” fron her 2009 book Versed, “a frozen swarm/of incommensurate wishes.”13 And while initially at least, the Creased, globular, shiny, baby pumpkins on stalks upright in a vase, may seem a lot less plausible as a version of Stevens’s “pink and white carnations” (if nothing else because they can’t possibly be anything other than fake pumpkins), there is no mistaking the allusion to Stevens by the end of the second section of the poem: A space can’t bear to be un- I mark it: “I” “I” “I” (Versed 16) The three “I’s” lined up so starkly here are nothing if not an instantiation of the “evilly compounded vital I/…made..fresh in a world of white” in Stevens’s poem. The “stutter” of “I’s” enacts a more general commitment in Armantrout’s work to something like a poetics of hesitation. And what Armantrout’s poems hesitate over is the confidence required in making propositions — truth claims — of any kind. In an early talk on “poetic silence,” Armantrout points out a problem with a tendency in certain experimental prose poems, whose “declarative sentences…tend,” she says, “to create a tone of certainty” (Collected Prose 22). Citing an example from Bob Perelman, she points to how his declarative sentences, “do not invite silence,” but instead invite “assent”: “After each sentence, one makes a certain effort, and then has the sensation, the satisfaction, of getting the point. And at least for me, there is the experience of assent. Yes, he’s right.” (Collected Prose 23). She puts this even more succinctly in a 1999 interview: “Perhaps I associate the discursive with an attempt to persuade. …I’ve used my poems as an alternative to that. They make fissures and gaps show, structurally reflecting a state of doubt” (Collected Prose 89). Armantrout combats this “tone of certainty,” the “satisfaction of getting the point,” and pursues this “state of doubt” in a number of ways, but most vividly in her critique of metaphor and her embrace of metonymy. In making metaphor stand for propositionality as such (x is y), Armantrout’s work is littered with efforts to construct and then disrupt the workings of various metaphorical operations. The undoing of metaphor, moreover, is often accompanied – and even more often, displaced – by patently metonymic gestures, which by emphasizing sheer juxtaposition between seemingly incommensurate statements, serve to enact the “gaps and fissures” she thinks promote a “state of doubt.” Extending such splicing effects, Armantrout also draws heavily on what she and many of her readers identify as “found language.” As she puts it in a 2006 interview with Charles Bernstein, “A lot of what I do is really notational, and I suppose the art comes in the way the notes are combined. That is, I use a lot of sources, and I don’t mean to imply at all that it’s all found language, but I do…overhear things and make notes.”14 In another interview, she calls some of the lines in her work “faux found language” — language that looks found but is of her own making (Burt & Ogden 21). Such tactics serve, of course, to generate uncertainty about the meaning of the language by obscuring its sources, making it impossible to identify or differentiate them. As we have already seen in the link between homolinguistic translation and found poetry in McCaffery and Nichol’s research reports, one way of explaining this tactic is to say that it works to preserve the material “information” of some prior speech act even as the meaning of that prior speech act is irrevocably transformed or even obliterated. That is, insofar as found language retains the form of the source only to produce completely new and surprising effects — what it gives us is effects in the place of meaning. And if, as I have argued elsewhere, language poetry and postmodernism more generally have been marked by a tendency to conflate the meanings of poems with their effects, the post-language-poetry tendency we see in Armantrout transforms a poetics of indeterminacy into a Stevens-like poetics of uncertainty, although, as we’ll see, it involves a more radical (and I would argue, a more implausible) skepticism than anything Stevens could have imagined. As an insurance executive, Stevens couldn’t have been more conscious of the uncertainty built into any project that depends on predicting effects. As Michael Szalay persuasively argues in New Deal Modernism: American Literature and the Invention of the Welfare State, Stevens writing in the wake of the financial panic of 1929 and the subsequent formation of Social Security, saw insurance and poetry as analogous endeavors that understand the epistemological implications of actuarial statistics. As Szalay puts it, “Stevens eschews the political models of central planning that begin from the assumption that collectivities can rationalize and intend the economies they constitute.”15 The fact that the consquences of any given act are in principle subject to turning out differently from how we intend them to turn out – the risk built into any action – becomes, for Stevens a motive to capture instead the perpetual process of acts generating effects, a process that, as Szalay shows, is completely assimilable both to metaphor making and to the circulation of money: [If] Pound wanted the state to keep money “moving, circulating, going out the front door and in the tax window,” Stevens wanted just to trace and capture this motion itself. For he saw in money a profound, connective fungibility, the same that John Maynard Keynes identifies when he notes that “the importance of money essentially flows from its being a link between the present and the future.” (Szalay 144) Stevens’s Canonica sequence quite dazzlingly bears this out. From “A Parochial Theme” through “Poetry Is a Destructive Force,” “Poems of Our Climate” and the “The Man on the Dump,” and concluding with “The Latest Freed Man,” Stevens oscillates between the literal and the figurative, real objects and represented ones, sound and sense, in order to execute a continual unsettling of propositions so that each poem concludes with an idea that can’t be fully contained within the framework with which it began, and the next poem attempts to absorb it into a different and more accommodating framework which, in turn ruptures. Throughout the sequence, Stevens continually returns to questions of metaphor-making and variations the structures of exchange and fungibility that make it possible. The sequence culminates (though importantly does not end) in “The Man on the Dump,” where figurative images are ultimately shed as waste. Many of these — a can of pears, a bouquet of flowers, a “tiger chest” — invoke earlier images from previous poems in the sequence, only here they appear manufactured and packaged, post consumption, and removed altogether from the economy of exchange. The point of the man being “on the dump” is that he can watch the images accumulate as things, that the images themselves have been rendered literal, purified of any metaphorical impingements: “Everything is shed; and the moon comes up as the moon/(All its images are in the dump) and you see/As a man (not like an image of a man),/You see the moon rise in the empty sky” (Stevens 201). The privileged position of the man on the dump is that of being able to see “as a man” rather than as “an image of a man” – as a literal rather than a figurative man — and to see “the moon as the moon” rid of all its images; it is the privileged position of seeing the truth. But as soon as Stevens’s man on the dump questions the source of that truth — “where was it one first heard of the truth?” — he raises the question of how we come to know it, how we come to know anything. The answer is a word: “The the,” and the article doubled in this way gestures toward an infinite range of possiblities (a grammatical signal that a noun is to follow followed by the signal treated as a noun) without determining any particular one among them. Not surprisingly, the next poem in the sequence, “On the Road Home,” gives us an “I” who says “There is no such thing as the truth,” and a “you” who says “There are many truths,/But they are not parts of a truth” (Stevens 203). And the sequence ends with “The Latest Freed Man,” where we find ourselves “escaped from the truth” into a world that “was everything being more real, himself/At the centre of reality, seeing it” (Stevens 205). For Stevens, the inevitable “escape from the truth” that both insurance and poetry entail is ground for celebration — if our knowledge of the world (and our power to control effects in it) is necessarily incomplete, then all representation, whether in the form of poems or in the form of securities, is “a supreme fiction.” For Armantrout writing sixty years later, representation is, for the same reason, to be treated as an object of our profoundest suspicion, and the critique of metaphor becomes a way to imagine representation’s defeat. If metaphor is a matter of making false assertions (my lover is not like a rose, a ballerina’s leg is not like a palm tree), then one way in which metonymy avoids the risk of falsehood is the degree to which its turnings give us not likenesses (or more important, unlikenesses) of things, but parts of a thing or indices of a thing. In Armantrout, the thing persistently indexed, I would argue, is — and, despite Armantrout’s commitment to multiple sources for the language of her poems, not at all paradoxically — a self. But it’s not a meaning-making self. The “I” that stutters itself out in triplicate in “Help,” for example, is “evilly” compounded just like Stevens’s “I” in “The Poems of Our Climate,” but what compounds Armantrout’s “I” are the infinite, uncontrollable, and incompletely knowable effects of language, both found and made. And her poems don’t represent those effects; they embody them. Armantrout’s rewriting of Stevens doesn’t simply rescue metonymy from metaphor (and, like the language poets, rescue indeterminacy from meaning) but does so in order to produce a more generalized critique of the very possibility of meaning. I want to close by suggesting that in this respect she participates in a more general flight from representation that has taken place under the heading of affect theory. This repudiation of representation has been based largely on the neuropsychological research that Sylvan Tomkins published between 1962 and 1992 in the four volumes of Affect, Imagery, Consciousness and articulated in critical texts like Eve Sedgwick’s Touching Feeling: Affect, Pedagogy, Performativity, which draws on Tomkins’s study of shame to reimagine the hermeneutic relation between readers and texts and offer an alternative to what she thinks of as fundamentally paranoid interpretive procedures that insist on ascertaining meanings and treating all literary effects as intentional. Sedgwick proposes, as she puts it, to “address aspects of experience and reality that do not present themselves in propositional or even in verbal form alongside those that do” and to refuse “to reverse those priorities by subsuming nonverbal aspects of reality firmly under the aegis of the linguistic.”16 Quite the opposite, Touching Feeling persistently subsumes the linguistic under the aegis not just of the nonverbal, but more specifically of the neurophysiological. The performativity in Sedgwick’s subtitle thus derives from Austin but only to render speech acts completely continuous with bodily expressions like a blush or sweat, which are not propositional in form and, however we might invest them with values of authenticity, do not and cannot make truth-claims. Affect theory thus matches the post-language poetry of writers like Armantrout; where Armantrout gives us propositions without beliefs, affect theory gives us human expression without propositions. The goal in both is to rescue the speaking subject from a world in which it seems that nothing it could say could be its own – a world in which everything is poised for translation and repossession. The self expression that modernism never wanted and that postmodernism sought to repudiate is here restored to the speaking subject but only on the condition that words function like sweat or blushes – they belong only to the speaker, but she means nothing by them. 1. Steve McCaffery and bpNichol, Rational Geomancy: The Kids of the Book-Machine: The Collected Reports of the Toronto Research Group 1973-1982 (Vancouver: Talonbooks, 1992), 56. All further references cited in text as Rational Geomancy. 2. Steve McCaffery, Every Way Oakly (Toronto, ON: BookThug, 2008), ix. All further references cited in text as Oakly. 3. Gertrude Stein, Tender Buttons (1908), in Stein: Writings 1903-1932 (New York: The Library of America, 1998), 320. 4. Gertrude Stein, Tendres Boutons, tr. Jacques Demarcq (Caen, France: Nous, 2005), 20. 5. Dick Higgins, Dialect of Centuries: Notes towards a Theory of the New Arts (New York: Printed Editions, 1978), 68-69. 6. Christopher Knight, The Patient Particulars: American Modernism and the Technique of Originality (Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 1995), 115. 7. Stephen Scobie, “The Allure of Multiplicity: Metaphor and Metonymy in Cubism and Gertrude Stein,” in Shirley C. Neuman and Ira Bruce Nadel, eds., Gertrude Stein and the Making of Literature (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1988), 116. 8. Rae Armantrout, Next Life (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2007), 29-30. Further references cited as Next Life. 9. Stephen Burt and Linnea Ogden, “Interview with Rae Armantrout,” Rain Taxi 12.1 (Spring 2007): 22. Further references cited in text as Burt and Ogden. 10. Lyn Hejinian, cited in Rae Armantrout, Collected Prose (San Diego, CA: Singing Horse Press, 2007), 42. Further references cited in text as Collected Prose. 11. Tom Beckett, ed., A Wild Salience: The Writing of Rae Armantrout (Cleveland, OH: Burning Press, 2000), 13. 12. Wallace Stevens, The Collected Poems (New York: Vintage Books, 1982), 192-193. Further references cited as Stevens. 13. Rae Armantrout, Versed (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2009), 16. Further references cited in text as Versed. 14. Charles Bernstein, interview with Rae Armantrout, Close Listening radio broadcast, Edition #20 (aired 7 August 2006), 15. Michael Szalay, New Deal Modernism: American Literature and the Invention of the Welfare State (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000), 126. Further references cited in text as Szalay. 16. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick with Adam Frank, Touching Feeling: Affect, Pedagogy, Performativity (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003), 6. About the Author © 2018 all rights reserved. ISSN 2164-1668
global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/61139	Have you heard the one about rape? It's funny now 'All this [misogynistic material] normalises and diminishes violence towards women.' Illustration: Thomas Dowse for the Guardian There's a reason it's called a punchline. At the Edinburgh comedy festival there are rape jokes and domestic violence jokes bouncing through the town. It is strange why comedy, theoretically so revolutionary, should embrace the bloodiest kind of social reaction, but it is so. I watched a young, gangly comic called Chris Turner position himself as a nerd, boast he went to Oxford University, and tell jokes about Roman numerals. Then it came: "I was waiting for my girlfriend to come round. Because I'd hit her really hard." Afterwards I asked him – why tell jokes about domestic violence? "Because it's funny," he said. "It's funny enough." Then he said he has studied feminism. So this is a culture that mocks the degradation of women; it is, as they say, only material and sometimes promotion. There is a show called Sex Tourist by Chris Dangerfield, which has a flyer you can take to an escort agency for £10 off. Misogyny is a constant in standup, and has been for 20 years, since the feminist revolution began to crawl away from mainstream culture, to be shagged by Loaded. A comic called Gerry K tells a joke about watching a pimp fighting with two prostitutes. "I'm not having that," he says, "So I joined in." Here comes the reveal – "I punched her spark out." A comic called Paul Revill says: "Some audiences say they don't like rape jokes. They say that, but I know what they mean." All this normalises and diminishes violence towards women: if it is easy to laugh about, it is hard to take seriously. There is an obvious connection between misogynist discourse and violence because, asMaureen Younger of Laughing Cows says, "Women are always the butt of these jokes. It's never the perpetrator". In these gaudy rooms, the indifference amazes. It is most common on the open mic circuit where young comedians play for nothing and you can, if you wish, hear 20 comedians telling 20 rape jokes in one night. The comic Nick Page says: "It is getting worse because of the volume of people trying to enter the comedy industry without the life experience to create good jokes and good stories." Page was due to appear at an Edinburgh showcase last week, but he left after watching "three comics in a row doing rape or violence material. They were damaging comedy. But with the death of feminism in mainstream culture more and more people are prepared to put up with it." It's true; even comedians that don't do misogynist material are protective of those that do, because they are wary of censorship and contemptuous of hecklers. When Daniel Tosh was told by a female punter that "rape jokes are never funny" he asked the audience, "Wouldn't it be funny if that girl got raped by, like, five guys right now? Like right now? What if a bunch of guys just raped her …" Other comics defended him and the promoter said: "You start dishing out something to a comic and try to be funny, you better be able to take it." The comedian Sarah Bennetto told a story earlier this year about a comic she heard in one of the "horrible open mic hate filled rooms." The nameless man is the "perennial open mic act – frustrated and angry at the world, he blames women, minorities, everything for his lack of success". He was talking about how his female friend cried on his shoulder and so, he says, "I fucked her in the arse. I thought I'd really give her something to cry on my shoulder about." Then he said he might "slit her throat from behind, dig a hole in my back garden and bury her". This is not comedy, of course, but rage disguised as comedy. When the comic heard about Bennetto's anger he threatened her online, which is quite odd. She could have reasonably used the "irony" defence. I sort of wish she had. It would have been ironic. But this is not a childish tic of the beginner. Famous comics do it and it makes them rich. Jimmy Carr has many rape jokes: "What do nine out of 10 people enjoy? Gang rape." What is rape anyway, he asks, but "surprise sex"? Russell Brand has called the police from the stage to say he had spotted a sex attacker. This giggling over sexual assault leaks all over Brand; according to the Sun, a few weeks ago, he held up shooting on a film set for two hours until the wardrobe girl showed him her breasts, and he should have been fired. Unfortunately, the only disciplinary action was from his co-star Billy Connolly. Spiky Mike, who runs the comedy promoter Funhouse, says, "the comedians at the lower end of the scale follow what is in vogue at the top end. They see Jimmy Carr and Frankie Boyle doing extremely offensive material, try to copy it and do it badly, which is even more offensive". I am not sure that a lucrative career in rape gags is more helpful than a failed one, but the rape hum seems eternal. And why not? As the US comedian Sarah Silverman says: "Who is going to complain about rape jokes? Rape victims? They barely even report rape." It's quite a long article but I thought the rage angle was quite interesting. Would you ever laugh at rape/domestic violence jokes ONTD?

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.