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State of Innovation
Patents and Innovation Economics
What are the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics?: Video
This is an excellent video that discusses four theories on the foundations of quantum mechanics and it is some of the best explanations I have seen and it is not a dry video. I have pointed out that there are a number of problems with the Copenhagen Interpretation of QM. The video presents four alternatives to the Copenhagen Interpretation. They are the De Broglie–Bohm theory, the many-worlds theory also known as the Everett interpretation , the spontaneous collapse theory, and the QBism theory. These ideas were presented with respect to the famous double slit experiment. The video mentions that Einstein was unhappy with the CI, but so was Schrodenger. Here are my thoughts on them, what are yours?
1) De Broglie–Bohm theory
I think this is better than the Copenhagen Interpretation (CI). However, it does not appear to provide any significantly different predictions and requires an additional equation, which makes it problematic.
2) Many-Worlds theory
The other panelists point out a number of problems with this interpretation, but my problem is that it violates conservation of matter and energy, because it requires an infinite number of universes and each event requires infinitely more universes.
3) Spontaneous collapse theory
I did not think this was very well explained. It does appear to solve the measurement problem however, but other than that I do not think it is promising.
4) QBism
I think this may actually be worse than the CI.
Other Thoughts:
In the double slit experiment when we are shooting one electron at a time, we do not consider that the detector is made up of atoms that also have a wave function and therefor a probability of interacting with the free electron. I am not exactly sure how this would change the interpretation of the double slit experiment with single electrons at a time, but it would suggest that the position of the electron may not be as localized as the experiment suggests. Another problem with the single electron double slit experiment is how do we know we are shooting a single electron at a time? If we know this for sure, then we must be measuring it in some way which would affect the experiment. If we don’t know this then we don’t know that one of the free electrons does not make two dots on the screen or no dots on the screen. Again going back to the limits of our detector. In order for a dot to occur, the free electron has to cause an electron in an atom to change state. If the free electron is truly a wave then it might cause a single dot, because of the atomic nature of our detector. However, you would also expect that a single electron might cause two, three, or more dots if it were a wave or no dots at all.
Personally I think we will eventually find that all matter is really waves. We will find that the probabilistic side of QM is a result of these waves being spread out. Point particles of charge cause all sorts of problems, including infinitely intense electrical fields.
Feynman did some work on the wave nature of matter. Carver Mead has done some work in this area as have many others and I am not talking about string theory, but as yet there is no comprehensive ideas in this area.
September 4, 2014 - Posted by | Featured Videos
1 Comment »
1. Here is an article that supports the pilot wave theory using experiments at the macroscopic level
Comment by dbhalling | October 3, 2014 | Reply
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Dino Dung
Dino Dung
The Scoop on Fossil Feces
Book - 2005
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World-famous "Dung Detective" Dr. Karen Chin explains how coprolites (a.k.a. fossil feces) tell stories that bones cannot tell themselves - like which plants and animals lived together in the ancient past. And who was eating whom. And how waste isn't bad, but is, in fact, a very important part of the process of living! This is Step 5 nonfiction at its most fascinating!
Publisher: New York : Random House, c2005.
ISBN: 9780375827020
Additional Contributors: Carr, Karen 1960-
Holmes, Thom
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Do you also want to leave?
This Jesus Challenges Me
I use force, and He says, “Forgive.”
I am afraid, and He says, “Take heart.”
I doubt, and He says “Trust.”
I feel anxious, and He says, “Be calm.”
I desire to be left alone, and He says “Come, follow Me.”
I make my plans, and He says, “Let’s go this way.”
I want security, and He says to me, “You will be persecuted for my sake.”
I want to live, and He says, “Give me your life.”
I believe I am a good person, and He says, “That’s not enough.”
I want to be in-charge, and He says, “Serve. Obey.”
I want to understand, and He says, “Believe.”
I want clarity, and He speaks to me in parables.
I want poetry, and He speaks of realities.
I want tranquility, and He wants me to be disturbed.
I think of revenge and He says, “Turn the other cheek.”
I speak of peace, and He says, “I have come to bring a sword.”
I want to hide, and He says, “Let your light shine.”
I seek out the first place, and He says, “Sit in the last place.”
I want to be seen, and He says, “Pray in secret.”
I want to hang-on, and He says, “Let go.”
I want to win, and He says, “Surrender.”
No, I do not understand this Jesus. He provokes me. He confounds me.
Like many of His disciples, I, too think I would like to follow a different teacher; one who would be more clear, and who would ask less of me.
But it is as true for me as it was for Peter. When Jesus asked the twelve, “Do you also want to leave?” Simon Peter answered, “Lord, to whom can we go? You have the Words of eternal life.”
By Unknown
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Exaltabo te
Thee will I laud my God and King
Author: Thomas Norton
Tune: [Thee will I laud my God and King]
Published in 2 hymnals
Audio files: MIDI
Full Text
1 Thee will I laud, my God and King,
and bless thy Name alway;
For ever will I praise the same,
and bless thee day by day.
2 Great is the Lord, most worthy praise,
his greatness none can reach;
From race to race they shall thy works
praise, and thy power preach.
3 I of thy glorious majesty
the beauty will record,
And meditate upon thy works
most wonderful, O Lord.
4 And they shall of thy pow'r, and of
thy faithful acts declare;
And I to publish all abroad
thy greatness will not spare;
5 And they into the mention shall
break of thy goodness great,
And aloud thy righteousness
in singing will repeat.
6 The Lord our God most gracious is
and merciful also,
Of great abounding mercy, and
to anger he is slow:
7 Yea, good to all; and all his works
His mercy doth exceed:
Lo, all thy works do praise thee, Lord
and honor thee indeed.
8 Thy saints do bless thee, and they do
thy kingdom's glory show,
And blaze thy pow'r, to cause the sons
of men the same to know:
The Second Part.
9 And of thy kingdom's majesty
do spread the glorious praise;
Thy kingdom, Lord, a kingdom is
that doth endure always;
10 And thy dominion through each age
endures without decay:
The Lord upholdeth them that fall,
their sliding he doth stay.
11 The eyes of all do wait on thee,
thou dost them all relieve,
And thou to each sufficing food
in season due dost give.
12 Thou openest thy plenteous hand,
and bounteously dost fill
All things whatever that do live
With gifts of thy good will.
13 The Lord is just in all his ways,
his works are holy all,
And he is near all those that do
in truth upon him call.
14 He the desires of all them
that fear him will fulfill,
And he will hear them when they cry,
and save them all he will.
15 The Lord preserves all those to him
that bear a loving heart;
But he all them that wicked are
will utterly subvert.
16 My thankful mouth shall gladly speak
the praises of the Lord:
All flesh to praise his holy Name
for ever shall accord.
Source: The whole book of Psalms: collected into English metre #CXLV
Author: Thomas Norton
Text Information
First Line: Thee will I laud my God and King
Title: Exaltabo te
Author: Thomas Norton
Language: English
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To be a successful network marketer, you have to build your own downline... but how?
Switch your prospects' feedback from "I can't afford it" to "I want in!" We'll show them that by joining your organization they can easily and legally write off as much as 100% of their medical bills, mileage, dining, entertainment, travel, vehicle costs, and home repairs and maintenance. All you do is email the presentation or put it on your social media or web site.
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Play By Play of a Mileage Run
Discussion in 'Blogstand' started by BoardingArea, Oct 2, 2014.
1. BoardingArea
BoardingArea News Feed
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Mileage runs are not normal, but in the quest for airline elite status sometimes they are a necessary evil. I explained how and why I ended up being a ‘Mileage Running Mommy’ for the day in this post, but that only tells half the story. The other half is what it is really like to fly around for the day without actually going anywhere…while still managing life back at home. Recipe for disaster? Sort of. Recipe for an unusual day? Absolutely. Though shockingly, it didn’t feel that crazy. Though of... Read the Rest. The post Play By Play of a Mileage Run appeared first on Mommy Points.
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Global Cafe
Location: LaFortune Ballroom
Join ISSA at our December Global Cafe as we celebrate the Winter Holiday Season. We'll have desserts from around the world and BERRIES. We'll also provide postcards to pen and send to friends and families around the world, and we'll mail them for free! Sip on free specialty coffee from the The Coffee Cart and take fun pictures courtesy of S&S Photobooth.
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These shoes, called the Novas, are a collaboration with architect Zaha Hadid, and the upper part is made up of metallic chromed vinyl rubber, which comes in black, rose gold or silver. The platform and heel are fibreglass, and the outsole is also rubber. Only 300 pairs are being made. Check out a couple videos below. [via MediaBistro]
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Jade Bilkey
Transfemale Programmer, Dabbler & Maker
Read this first
Caveman Reboot
Reposted from my OPW days
WARNING: Do your research and make sure you know what you’re doing. The commands found in this article could seriously affect your machine and I print them here with no warranty. I am not responsible for your bricked hardware. The information contained here is for entertainment and historical purposes only. You have been warned.
I, like many other people, enjoy changing the scenery from time to time and working on a laptop. Now, since I work on kernel drivers, I face some unique issues sometimes when working remotely that you just wouldn’t think about when doing application development or web development. One such issue, and the subject of this article is the problem of hanging on reboot.
tl;dr - If you’re unsure whether your machine is going to reboot properly while you’re working remotely, echo as root the characters r, s, u, b separated by a few seconds...
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$ go run srv.go
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Project YAGNI
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Tag Archives | graffiti
Awesome: Film Geek Graffiti!
The website /film has collected quite an amount of graffiti containing movies… Some of them are a bit crazy, why other just rock: If you look around the streets, you’ll sometimes find film geek graffiti. Here is a collection of some of the better street art we have come across around the interwebs. Here is […]
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homeaboutarchives + tagsshopmembership!
kottke.org posts about internet
Humble, it means humble!
posted by Patrick Tanguay May 03, 2018
This won’t turn into another GIF (hard G) vs GIF (soft G) battle but it comes as a big surprise to me, just like the soft G did when I first heard of this variation years and years ago. Thankfully, after Buzzfeed started the “debate” between humble and honest in “imho,” Alexis Madrigal swooped in with historical proof with a 1986 PC Magazine glossary and in 1993’s Jargon by Robin Williams.
This little acronym, IMHO, stands for in my humble opinion. It’s often used as a typing shortcut in online communication. When it is capitalized, you are shouting. You might also see the term imnsho, which stands for in my not-so-humble opinion.
Trailer for Wreck-It Ralph 2
posted by Jason Kottke Feb 28, 2018
The original Wreck-It Ralph came out in 2012 and was the first inkling of Disney Animation’s revival that has continued with Frozen, Zootopia, and Moana. In Wreck-It Ralph 2 (which is properly titled “Ralph Breaks the Internet: Wreck-It Ralph 2”), the arcade gets an upgrade in the form of a modem, which gives Ralph and his pals access to the internet. And if you watch the trailer, the movie’s view of the internet is pretty dystopian (but sadly not all that inaccurate). They’re dumped into a a massive shopping mall where they’re constantly interrupted by the IRL equivalent of the chumbox, attend an eBay auction for bad cat-related art, and digitally overfeed a video game bunny until it explodes, perhaps a sly metaphor for how relying on digital treats such as likes or retweets for self-esteem is problematic.
But the movie looks fun! I guess? Like the internet! The internet is fun! I guess? Right? Hello…
The internet is an all-in-one machine
posted by Tim Carmody Apr 17, 2017
Kevin Kelly’s helped me make sense of the internet for as long as I can remember. One of his best blog posts, from 2008, is “Better Than Free.”
When copies are super abundant, they become worthless.
Well, what can’t be copied?
Kelly suggests eight “generative” values that can’t be easily copied by the internet: Immediacy, Personalization, Interpretation, Authenticity, Accessibility, Embodiment,
Patronage, and Findability. This list holds up pretty well: digital tech has handled some of these things better than others (we can get our digital files from the cloud almost anywhere; embodiment is still mostly analog). And most of these things we do pay for, if only in the form of being locked in to one company’s ecosystem that manages these things for us. It also ties in clearly to 1000 True Fans and other essays of Kelly’s that have turned out to be prescient and/or influential.
But is the internet really best characterized as a copy machine? This has always bothered me. Unlimited free copies of digital objects proliferating everywhere is a problem because of the internet. But the other things that the internet does pose thorny problems too.
It wouldn’t be wrong to say that “the internet is a fax machine.” Most of what we do on the internet is zip digital documents back and forth from one machine to the other. It would be nice to think of that process as simply copying. But we need channels and tubes and signals and protocols to move those docs back and forth, and all of that we pay for. And at a more abstract level, we need distribution channels so the docs reach who they’re supposed to. TCP/IP is a distribution channel, but so are Facebook and Google and Snapchat and Twitter. Somebody ends up paying for all of them.
The other two parts of the all-in-one machine are more complicated. If we’re just copying things backwards and forwards, we never add anything new. And if you look at a lot of internet media, it’s mostly just recycled content from some other part of the internet. A Reddit thread becomes a Twitter meme becomes a web story becomes a TV story, which becomes 20 web stories. Copying is getting pretty tired. We need to do more scanning — literally and figuratively. We need to think harder about how to make the offline and online worlds meet. The internet companies spending real money right now are spending it on this problem.
Printing is just the other side of the same thing. How can we translate online activity to offline action? Or, even if it stays digital, how do we produce a work that people can recognized as a finished object? How can we move a digital thing from one physical experience to another? If we used to print digital documents or photos from our PCs to get a better look at them, maybe now we move videos and games from our smartphones to bigger screens in our offices and living rooms. It’s still the same kind of process, and we need to solve similar kinds of problems to the ones when we were first figuring out how to establish a WYSIWYG relationship between software and a printed page. All of that takes work, and all of that takes money.
In other words, we don’t pay for the copies — we pay for the toner. Same as it ever was.
The hippest internet cafe of 1995
posted by Jason Kottke Sep 06, 2016
Werner Herzog is saying things about the world
posted by Jason Kottke Aug 04, 2016
Lo and Behold, a documentary about technology and the internet directed by Werner Herzog is coming out soon and so Herzog is doing some interviews and such about the film and dozens of other topics. With Paul Holdengraber, Herzog talks about North Korea and volcanoes:
The North Koreans apparently had seen quite a few of my films. I established a trust with them. It’s very strange because you’re accompanied by people who would look after what you were doing, who would politely tell you you cannot film this, or cannot film that, and at one point I filmed something which I was not allowed to do, so I wanted to have it edited or deleted. But since they are filming in 4K or 5K or so, very complicated data management, we were unable to delete it, and they wanted to take the entire memory hard drive. And I said, “But it contains two days worth of shooting, that would be terrible.” So I said, “You know what, I can guarantee to you that I’m not going to use this material.” And they said, “Guarantee, what do you mean by that?” I said, “Just look me in the eye, what I offer is my honor, my face, and my handshake.” And they said “ok” and they trusted me. And of course I’m not going to use this moment of filming that I was not supposed to film.
Herzog talked about Pokemon Go and film school with Emily Yoshida:
Q: You might be able to catch some. It’s all completely virtual. It’s very simple, but it’s also an overlay of physically based information that now exists on top of the real world.
A: When two persons in search of a pokemon clash at the corner of Sunset and San Vicente is there violence? Is there murder?
Q: They do fight, virtually.
A: Physically, do they fight?
Q: No-
A: Do they bite each other’s hands? Do they punch each other?
Jason Tanz spoke with Herzog for his profile on the director and his new film:
Herzog grins as he takes a seat in a conference room at UCLA, which has been set up for an event later this evening. His eyes droop, but his skin is remarkably smooth, like the surface of a slightly underinflated balloon. And then there’s that voice-silky, portentous-you can imagine it coming out of a GPS system giving driving directions to Valhalla. “I like to look back at the evolution of modern human beings,” he says of his interest in the Internet. “Using fire or electricity was an enormous step for civilization, and this is one of those. And I think the poet must not avert his eyes.”
What is interesting about Lo and Behold is that it’s technically branded content. No, really:
It’s a bonafide film that premiered at Sundance in January and has been generating lots of buzz heading toward its wider release. It also happens to be one giant ad, half in disguise, for POD New York client Netscout. The whole thing started out as an agency idea to produce short videos about the internet as part of a online Netscout campaign. But after they roped in Herzog, the vision for the project soon changed-for the better.
“I come from a digital background, and I’ve talked about the internet for my entire career. My first job was as the internet guy at DDB in Brazil,” Pereira said. “When we hired Werner to do content about the internet, I felt like, OK, I know it’s going to be awesome, but I’m pretty sure I know what I’m going to see. But actually, it’s mind-blowing. We gave him the beginning of the idea and told him, ‘This is where it starts.’ He took it from there and owned it. It’s a mind-blowing documentary.”
I saw the film last week,1 and from what I remember, there’s nothing about Netscout in the film. They financed the film but according to Tanz, Herzog had final cut:
Herzog retained final cut while granting McNiel veto power, a privilege McNiel used only once, to excise some of the more horrifying troll comments, a decision Herzog now says he agrees with.
See also 24 pieces of life advice from Werner Herzog.
1. It was interesting in spots, but I felt like splitting the narrative into 10 parts was not the right way to go. I would guess, however, the less you know about the technical aspects of technology, the more interesting Lo and Behold will be to you.
Obama’s plan for “a free and open internet”
posted by Jason Kottke Nov 10, 2014
The anternet
posted by Jason Kottke Apr 04, 2014
Researchers at Stanford have observed that foraging harvester ants act like TCP/IP packets, so much so that they’re calling the ants’ behavior “the anternet”.
(via wordspy)
Are you currently on the internet?
posted by Jason Kottke Oct 11, 2012
In response to some blogfight I don’t really understand or care too much about, Choire Sicha published a handy guide for determining whether you are on the internet or not.
MTV News report on the internet from 1995
posted by Jason Kottke Aug 12, 2011
Lots of footage from The Net, Johnny Mnemonic, etc., virtual reality, Moby with hair, and websites of yore.
At the Web 2.0 conference, Clay Shirky gave
posted by Jason Kottke Apr 28, 2008
At the Web 2.0 conference, Clay Shirky gave a talk called Gin, Television, and Social Surplus. In it, he argues that the “social surplus” soaked up in the latter half of the 20th century by television is now being put to better use on the internet.
But maybe it’s possible that the internet is a slightly more sophisticated (or slightly more cognitive) cognitive heat sink?
An article in the Times about the
posted by Deron Bauman Mar 02, 2008
An article in the Times about the transition of sales in high-end galleries to the web.
Mr. Gupta said about half of his sales take place without the presence of the buyer. “Being in Chicago, without the walk-in traffic of a gallery in New York or even L.A., I can’t imagine working without digital images,” he said. “We have a ton of European collectors, and we reach them through art fairs and digital images, a combined effort.”
(via ev +/-)
Could global warming kill the internet? “The
posted by Jason Kottke Aug 02, 2006
Could global warming kill the internet? “The internet is a big network of servers, and servers are hot. They devour electricity, they run hot and they mainline air conditioning. When the global thermostat goes up, the servers start going down.” (via migurski)
A CBC report from 1993 on a global
posted by Jason Kottke Jul 12, 2006
A CBC report from 1993 on a global phenomenon called “Internet”. (thx, joshua)
Update: Here’s a mirror on YouTube.
things magazine has a nice little post
posted by Jason Kottke Oct 21, 2005
things magazine has a nice little post on the Internet as reliquary. Reminds me of Julian Dibbell’s comparison of weblogs to wunderkammers.
If public parks (like NYC’s Bryant Park)
posted by Jason Kottke Sep 28, 2005
If public parks (like NYC’s Bryant Park) offer free wifi, why don’t expensive hotels? I can’t find the link right now, but I remember reading something awhile ago (possibly on Boing Boing) arguing that free wifi was easier and cheaper for businesses to offer than a paid option because you don’t need the ecommerce bit (sort of like a free grocery store not needing cashiers, etc.) and the free internet will bring people in.
Update: Here’s that Boing Boing post: “Operating a WiFi hotspot that you charge money for costs $30 a day. Operating a free WiFi hotspot costs $6.” (thx alex)
You’ve got to love an article called
posted by Jason Kottke Sep 14, 2005
You’ve got to love an article called The Ten Stupidest Utopias. In regard to the Internet, he says “utopia is never more than what we are; the people in them will always be just like us”.
USA Today article from 1988 on computer viruses affecting the “INTERnet”
posted by Jason Kottke Aug 02, 2005
USA Today article from 1988 on computer viruses affecting the “INTERnet”.
Good overview of what the Internet Archive
posted by Jason Kottke Apr 08, 2005
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University of Calgary
UofC Navigation
Global Lessons in Urban Diversity
The second installment of LARC's Dialogues Series on June 2 Global Lessons in Urban Diversity, Revitalization and Growth joined 3 esteemed panelists to compare and discuss lessons and experiences in urban growth in Mexico, USA and Canada:
• Ing. Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas has played significant roles in municipal, state, and federal politics and is one of the most distinguished figures in Mexican politics. Like his father former president Lázaro Cárdenas he served as Governor of the State of Michoacán. He ran for the presidency for the first time in the 1988 election, and again in 1994 and 2000. He became the first democratically elected mayor of Mexico City in 1997, a position which he held for well over a decade. He founded the Foundation for Democracy in 1995 and continues to serve as its president.
• Rollin Stanley is the City of Calgary's General Manager, Urban Strategy. He previously worked in the suburbs of Washington DC, transforming the face of a predominately suburban county by creating opportunities around subway stations for higher density. In St. Louis, Rollin worked closely with the Mayor to help turnaround the city that lost over 500,000 people in 50 years. Working in Toronto for 21 years, he was instrumental in negotiating development throughout the downtown and in transforming the entertainment district.
• Dr. Byron Miller is currently Associate Professor of Geography and Coordinator of the Urban Studies Program at the University of Calgary. He is the author of Geography and Social Movements (2000) on the University of Minnesota Press, co-editor (with Walter Nicholls and Justin Beaumont) of Spaces of Contention: Spatialities of Social Movements (2013) on Ashgate, and co-editor (with Andrew Jonas, David Wilson, and Kevin Ward) of the forthcoming Handbook on the Spaces of Urban Politics on Routledge.
Moderator Jim Brown of CBC Radio facilitated an in depth exchange of experience and knowledge between the panelists on the interconnected challenges related to growth. Audience members addressed issues ranging from urban growth and management, to recycling initiatives and cultural urban diversity. The emerging discussion identified ways in which Calgary can learn from experiences and strategies in Mexico and beyond despite differing interpretations of what a city could and should be.
Thursday, September 15, 2016
Parent Page:
LARC Dialogues
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The Elite Evangelist
Karl Allen Kuhn
ISBN: 978-0-8146-5305-0, 5305
Details: 144 pgs , 5 3/8 x 8 1/4
Publication Date: 11/01/2010
In Stock | $13.95 $6.98
In Stock | $13.95 $6.98
In Stock | $7.99
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What can we discover about the author of the third gospel and Acts, the companion of Paul whom tradition names Luke? How might that enable us to better appreciate the writings he produced that comprise roughly a quarter of the New Testament? Using literacy in the Greco-Roman world and Luke's advanced literary acumen as his primary clues, Karl Allen Kuhn argues that the evangelist was a member of the social elite. Social scientific models tell us that as an elite, Luke would have benefited from a highly stratified social and economic hierarchy that ensured the flow of wealth and resources to a few at the expense of the many. And yet, Kuhn argues, scene after scene of Luke's narrative challenge the stratified world shaped by Rome, calling its readers to embrace a new Kingdom and a new Lord. Writing to the "most excellent Theophilus," Luke calls upon his fellow elites to join him in leaving behind the world that has given them so much and to devote themselves not to the Emperor but to the true Savior of humankind.
Karl Allen Kuhn is associate professor of religion at Lakeland College in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. He is the author of numerous articles on Luke and biblical interpretation, and coauthor of the Lectionary commentary New Proclamation, Year C, 2010. His books include Having Words with God: The Bible as Conversation and The Heart of Biblical Narrative: Rediscovering Biblical Appeal to the Emotions.
Karl Kuhn has written an informative and accessible account of the revolutionary nature of Luke's life and work. Combining a discussion of Luke's literary sophistication with background on contemporary literacy levels and social stratification, Kuhn shows that Luke addressed his gospel and Acts to fellow members of the Greco-Roman elite. Luke challenged them to imitate his own radical choice: to give up a life of privilege and power and embrace Jesus' vision of a peaceful Kingdom in which all-rich and poor, elite and non-elite-share a common life and a common status.
Martin Albl
Associate Professor of Religious Studies
Presentation College
Aberdeen, South Dakota
Karl Kuhn's book on Luke allows readers to appreciate the author and his work. Kuhn provides a portrait of an elite person well studied in Israel's traditions who is willing and able to venture a meaning of those traditions in light of the radical conviction that Jesus and the earliest followers were continuing to unveil God's news. Luke's literacy, artistry, and even his risk taking are especially enhanced by Kuhn's appreciation for the context of similar authors.
Kenneth G. Stenstrup, PhD
Assistant Professor of Theology
Saint Mary's University, Minnesota
This is a well-informed and creative reflection on a major author of the New Testament writings.
The Bible Today
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1. 3
2. 3
Although I think Dijkstra’s version of this rant was better than Joel’s, these types of articles are making the mistake of confusing a small problem (what is good for teaching computer science) with a big problem: the traditional educational system is not good for teaching programming.
In a semester-by-semester educational setting, you get sixteen weeks. During those sixteen weeks, a three-credit course has a total class time of 48 hours, not considering time wasted for course bookkeeping and exams. I am a self-taught programmer; most of the people I work with are self-taught programmers; and even the people I know who have degrees knew how to program before they got to a university.
Can you imagine being taught to program in 48 class hours?
Of course, there’s homework and the book, but then university has another disadvantage over simple self-teaching: you can push yourself as hard as you need if you’re directing the exploration, whereas a university must make a course passable by a relatively large portion of its students.
You arrive at the point where your university work is really just a formality, a minimum bound where the people who are legitimately capable are going home and teaching themselves anyway, because your educational model cannot cope with the volume and variety of information that they can learn on their own. That’s great, and it means that your top-level autodidacts are going to be successful and skilled programmers, but turning out five or ten good programmers who would’ve been good programmers anyway doesn’t look good for metrics.
So those courses that must be passable? They end up being the baseline for a bunch of barely-competent grinders who get through via hours of memorization, cheating, and “Gentleman’s C” grading. This happened with Java, but it would’ve eventually happened with any language as a teaching language, because administrators make the decisions about which programs and courses are on offer, and administrators have a magic number of students who they want to pass. Anything that’s “too hard” will disappear unless it’s in a prestige professional school.
1. 2
By ‘programming’, do you mean the vocational, CRUD & ETL, logging and metrics, case-vs-if body of knowledge, or do you mean one level up, where people are taught the art of taste, sensibility, good design, and so on? It’s not clear that first thing is the job of a university, which is trying to instill core principles and the ability to learn. That second thing is the job of the humanities, which were devastated in the 80s and which show no signs of being less trampled upon.
1. 1
Both. Neither are taught well by the current educational system. Instead, you get an attempt at computer science – but most college graduates that I’ve worked with or interviewed don’t seem to have a good grasp of that, either.
2. 1
I learned programming in college, and it was a lot longer than that. There’s two entry level nuts and bolts, braces and semicolons, classes which focus on getting the computer to do something without worry about program design. Then there’s two more classes on practical data structures and architecture.
After that come the more serious classes which expected you to know how to program. My operating systems class was all c/c++ (as opposed to java) which I think is what Joel is referring to, but that was a quite some time after the first intro class.
1. 1
True, there’s more than one class – but one class is 48 hours. The rigor of the core courses also varies by institution. Of course at a top-tier computer science school, the rigor will be excellent, but at a “normal” college it will be variable. You might get a fantastic professor for data structures and algorithms, then get a guy who thinks Windows NT was the beginning of “servers” for Operating Systems.
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/20846
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Google Killed Bambi. You Bastards!
I think someone needs to put down their Google phone and focus on the road.
This is why we don’t text and drive people! Or search and drive. Or buzz and drive. Whatever.
You may also like...
2 Responses
1. MacMedix says:
Obviously a faked image. Lame. Not very funny either.
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Read previous post:
Tree Branch vs Power Line – The Branch Had No Chance
You know how they say don't touch power lines, well it's true. Forget all the reasons they told you in...
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/20854
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Legend by: Marie Lu
June and Day are people that you wouldn’t expect to cross paths, June, a military prodigy not to mention Obedient, passionate and born into one of the wealthy districts in the Republic. Day, the most wanted criminal in the Republic. When June’s brother Metias is murdered, the prime suspect is Day. Now, with June joining the Military of the Republic undercover as she hunts down Day, the prime suspect of her brother’s murder , and Day trying to save his family. As June and Day enter an extreme game of Cat and Mouse, they accidentally stumble upon the horrible truths about the utopia they call the Republic. Romance soon gets in June’s way and June gets in Day’s way of saving his family.
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/20859
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January 28, 2017
Without our donors’ generosity and support, needed by the marginalised and vulnerable population that we serve, Mae Tao Clinic could not provide the services so desperately.
We hope we will continue to support these vulnerable people in cooperation with you!
(We will keep you updated our new donors – 11 January 2018)
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/20863
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We’ve posted about Bolt Depots’ online fastener guides and templates before, but they’re just too valuable of a resource not to mention again. These free online and downloadable references contain pretty much everything you need to know about common nuts, bolts, screws, washers, and related hardware. The documents also cover more exotic fastener types like J-bolts, sex bolts, shoulder bolts, and more.
The 28-page guide covers the anatomy of bolts and screws, different head types, drive types, thread count and pitch, and how to measure diameter and length. The majority of the document is full-size “lay-over” reproductions of common (and not so common) fasteners so that you can size the bolts you have by eye-balling them on over the guide. Being more of a visual than a numbers person, I find these lay-over guides extremely helpful. Every page of the guidebook also has a scale accuracy ruler so that you can check to make sure that you properly printed the page for accurate bolt identification.
Going through these guides, you learn lots of useful things like:
• When measuring screws, you measure from the base of a panhead screw to the end. On a flathead screw, you measure from the top of the screw to the end. On an oval-head screw, you measure from the part that will end up below the surface of the workpiece. Basically, the rule is to measure the length of the screw that will end up below the surface of the work.
• Washers are measured by their inner diameter which is the diameter of the bolt that they match, so an 8mm washer matches an 8mm bolt.
• Different washer patterns have different outside diameters. For example, hardened US washers are available in USS (wider) and SAE (narrower) patterns. Fender washers have large outside diameters.
• Fastener Grade (US) or Class (metric) refers to the mechanical properties of the fastener material. Generally, a higher number indicates a stronger, more hardened (but also more brittle) fastener.
You can access all of the guides on Bolt Depot’s Fastener Information page.
[Thanks to Meredith Scheff-King for the reminder.]
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/20869
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Phone scams are the worst. They’re annoying, redundant, and sometimes, scarily convincing.
In the past 12 months, phone spammers managed to trick more than nine percent of Americans, with an average loss of $430 per victim! That’s basically a car payment. Now, experts are predicting those numbers to rise even higher, with an overall total reaching $9.5 billion by 2019. Data collected by The Harris Poll on behalf of Truecaller — a company that offers mobile users caller ID and spam detection — shows that spam callers are targeting the Southern part of the U.S.
Top 10 States Targeted by Phone Spammers in the U.S.
1. Alabama: 18.54 spam calls/month
2. South Carolina: 17.83 spam calls/month
3. Mississippi:16.92 spam calls/month
4. Tennessee: 16.67 spam calls/month
5. Georgia: 16.61 spam calls/month
6. Texas: 16.19 spam calls/month
7. Louisiana: 16.17 spam calls/month
8. Arkansas: 14.86 spam calls/month
9. North Carolina: 14.86 spam calls/month
10. Maryland: 14.03 spam calls/month
4 Things You Can Do to Avoid Fraud, According to the Federal Trade Commission
That’s outrageous. Could you imagine receiving 16 faux calls per month? What a waste of time. Fortunately, there are a few things you can do to stay ahead of scammers.
1. Call out the imposters. Schemers usually pretend to be someone you know and trust, like a family member, a government official, or a charity you’ve donated to before.
2. Google it. It’s always a good idea to check out the company or product in question into the Google search bar. Try pairing the name with words like “complaint” or “scam.”
3. Hang up. If you answer the phone only to hear a recorded sales pitch, hang up immediately. These calls aren’t just fake, they’re illegal.
4. Sign up for free scam alerts. The FTC offers free tips and advice about scams that can be sent straight to your inbox. To sign up, visit
Truecaller also revealed the top 10 states to receive the least spam calls in the U.S., which included Alaska, with 4.62 calls per month; Hawaii, with 6.53 spam calls per month; Washington, with 7.48 spam calls per month; Massachusetts with 8.06 spam calls per month; Vermont with 8.06 spam calls per month; Oregon, with 8.36 spam calls per month; West Virginia, with 8.92 spam calls per month; North Dakota, with 8.91 spam calls per month; Minnesota, with 9.04 spam calls per month, and New Hampshire, with 9.12 spam calls per month.
Do you receive a lot of phone calls from spammers? Do you feel like Maryland gets more than the average state? Tell us in the comments below!
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/20880
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(redirected from Cliff-hanger)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Drug slang A regional term for PCP
Alternative—fringe medicine An exercise in polarity therapy intended to loosen the chest and shoulders, expand the lungs, stretch the vertebral column, and release pelvic tension
Vox populi A moment of extreme—Hollywood-esque—tension
References in periodicals archive ?
In fact, Season 14, episode 24 ends on an explosive cliff-hanger which will leave one character's life hanging in the balance.
When I say wedding I mean civil partnership and when I say cliff-hanger I mean bailiffs turned the leccy off at the Argy Bargy.
GARETH Barry says Villa must beat Wigan to set up a final-day cliff-hanger at West Ham in the race for fifth.
Games between these two sides are usually close but this one was a real cliff-hanger, writes Barri Hurford.
The Dickens novel was very much the soap opera of its day, and we hope to emulate those same cliff-hanger emotions in televisual terms.
Hartlepool boss Neale Cooper said: "That was a real cliff-hanger.
EQUESTRIANISM: British-born Helena Weinberg won a cliff-hanger finale to the pounds 55,500 Sony Ericsson World Cup Qualifier at Olympia with a finely-judged round on her nine-year-old stallion Kasting Horses Gavi.
Matthew's ad is left as a cliff-hanger and there will be no passion-fuelled instalments like those made famous in the 80s by Tony Head and Sharon Maughan.
But as 2000 came to a close, the real end-of-the-season cliff-hanger hinged on the rumor that Iwona Blazwick, head of exhibitions and displays at Tate Modern, planned to fly the Bankside nest for a more precarious perch at the Whitechapel Art Gallery.
The cliff-hanger episode, featuring Nicole's wedding to either Vic Reeves or Bob Mortimer, attracted 23million viewers during its first night on air.
In-your-face attitudes, cliff-hanger plots, in-house rival groups such as the WCW's New World Order and the sexy sizzle of scantily clad female camp followers have inspired intense devotion from fans, as evidenced by their letters posted on various Web sites:
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/20894
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The decision to not have children has long been a taboo subject in our society — but Maxine Trump thinks it’s time for us to embrace the conversation.
“If you imagine going to a bar and somebody is saying to you pretty directly, ‘Are you gonna have kids,’ it’s quite an intimate question, and how do you answer that?” she said.
Trump, a documentary filmmaker (with no relation to the first family), told Mic it used to embarrass her to talk about the fact that she had no desire to have children. But that all changed as she filmed her latest movie, To Kid or Not to Kid, a documentary that dispels some of society’s most toxic myths about women who choose not to be mothers.
“Before I started making the film on the subject of living child-free, I couldn’t talk about it,” she said. “When people would ask me a question about whether I had children, I would stumble and I would find it supremely hard. I’d be embarrassed. I’d make it almost worse for both of us ... because I didn’t have the language then. I didn’t know how to emote how I was feeling. Now I can embrace it much more.”
In an exclusive video op-ed for Mic, the veteran independent filmmaker opens up about her personal journey: exploring the choice that she and so many other women make to not have children.
Anthony Smith
Senior writer
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/20908
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Introduction to Animating in HTML
by Krasimir Tsonev on August 12, 2013
By Krasimir Tsonev
Over the last few years, designers have begun to use a lot of animations directly within HTML. That’s kind of cool, as you don’t need a plugin in order to see their work. There are several ways to make animations in HTML and in this article I will summarize a lot of examples and techniques for creating animations directly in HTML using both JavaScript and CSS.
JavaScript way
I spent several years in Flash development. To make an animation there, you have to create different static images that display in a sequence thereby creating the illusion of movement. The same approach is valid for HTML. For example, if you have five seconds and increase the width of a DOM element five times with 20px the result will be an animation.
One popular way to make animations is to use JavaScript. For example, you could create a function, which executes again and again and changing a property of a DOM element. For example, the below code adjusts the width of of an element in the context of a loop.
var width = 100;
var to = 200;
var loop = function() {
setTimeout(loop, 1);
The result is something like this:
[iajsfiddle user=”krasimir” fiddle=”gvn9d/8″ height=”150px” width=”100%” show=”result,js,html,css” skin=”default”]
As far as I know, jQuery uses similar approach for its .animate method.
For a good amount of time this was enough. It was a popular way to create animations in HTML. The good thing is that you have control over the whole process, knowing when the animation starts and when, exactly, it ends. You could easily decide to make something else occur in the middle of the animation or 20% before it finishes.
Of course, creating linear movements is not enough. That’s why we have ease functions, which are designed to change the values applied to the element in a manner to make the animation more interesting. In the world of Flash, Robert Penner made a big impact by introducing his easing methods. The same idea was later moved to JavaScript and today there is even a plugin for jQuery to handle easing.
So, how could we use easing? Let’s say that we want to change a div‘s width from 0px to 10px in 10 steps. If we use linear movement the values, which we have to apply will look like this:
step 1 - 1px
step 2 - 2px
step 3 - 3px
step 4 - 4px
step 5 - 5px
step 6 - 6px
step 7 - 7px
step 8 - 8px
step 9 - 9px
step 10 - 10px
It’s simple math isn’t it? However, if we have a bit more complex values like, for example, from 232px to 306px in 14 steps we definitely need a helper function. It could be something like this:
var calcAnimation = function(from, to, steps) {
var diff = Math.abs(to - from);
var res = [];
var valuePerStep = diff / steps;
from += valuePerStep;
res.push(from + (i * valuePerStep));
return res;
The example above could be translated to the following version to perform the actual animation:
var values = calcAnimation(animation.from,, animation.steps);
var currentIndex = 0;
var loop = function() {
currentIndex += 1;
setTimeout(loop, 1);
The calcAnimation function creates a linear type of movement. It’s like that because we used the most simple calculation to create the values. Once we get the difference between the starting and ending point we divide it to the number of steps. The result is a number, which we have to apply to the property on every step. Luckily we are able to replace our simple calculation with a better function. For example:
var calcAnimationOutElastic = function(from, to, steps) {
var res = [];
return res;
The result is a more interesting, non-linear animation:
[iajsfiddle user=”krasimir” fiddle=”XCDzS/4″ height=”150px” width=”100%” show=”result,js,html,css” skin=”default”]
You don’t need to try to understand the math behind InOutElastic method. You just need to know that it returns a set of values should be appled to create the animation.
CSS way
There are a lot of benchmarks showing that CSS3 animations are faster then their JavaScript equivalenta. For instance, here is a small experiment proving that. There are two ways to create animations with CSS: transitions and animations.
CSS transitions require two properties to be set –transition-property and transition-duration
transition-property: background;
transition-duration: 500ms;
Please note that, in these examples, for the sake of simplicity I am not including the browser specific prefixes.
Here is an example. Because the transition properties are added, the background color is changed smoothly when you hover the button.
[iajsfiddle user=”krasimir” fiddle=”EcFQF/2″ height=”150px” width=”100%” show=”result,js,html,css” skin=”default”]
If you have several properties that need to be transitioned, you can split them with commas.
There is also CSS animation, which gives you ability to determine the values in different moments of the animation process, not only at the beginning and the end. A simple example might include changing the background color at specified points in the animation:
@keyframes 'bg-animation' {
0% { background: #C9C9C9; }
50% { background: #61BE50; }
100% { background: #C9C9C9; }
.star:hover {
animation-name: 'bg-animation';
animation-duration: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
This would give you a button hover animation like the following:
[iajsfiddle user=”krasimir” fiddle=”fQqqY/2″ height=”150px” width=”100%” show=”result,js,html,css” skin=”default”]
While it is clear that CSS animations are better choice than JavaScript animation there are some disadvantages:
• You can’t stop or pause animations;
• The syntax is not so nice;
• It is a little bit difficult to sync different animations.s
The proper way
My opinion is that we should stick to CSS transitions for the simple hover or show/hide animations and use CSS animations for complex use cases. That’s because we are concerned about performance. If we decide to use only JavaScript then our job is kinda easy but the final result will may perform poorly, especially on the mobile devices.
Understanding how to start an animation
Normally you know how your final frame should look, so you can begin by creating anew CSS class containing the values for that final frame. After that, just add the class to the element to begin the animation and remove it when you want to return to the initial state. The adding of the class will automatically start the process.
var element = document.querySelector(".star");
element.addEventListener("mouseover", function() {
element.className += ' star-hover';
element.addEventListener("mouseout", function() {
The following example uses the code above to add and remove classes on the button:
[iajsfiddle user=”krasimir” fiddle=”KpKgs/2″ height=”150px” width=”100%” show=”result,js,html,css” skin=”default”]
Catching the end of the animation
This is a critical part of creating complex animations. Every browser has its own name for the event that is fired, but the following code offers a cross-browser solution. A similar technique is used in Modernizr.
function whichTransitionEvent(el){
var t;
var transitions = {
for(t in transitions){
if([t] !== undefined ){
return transitions[t];
var transitionEnd = whichTransitionEvent(element);
element.addEventListener(transitionEnd, function(event) {
element.className += ' star-expand';
The following widget shows the code in action. If you click on the button you should see that, first, the color is changed and then the width of the box is increased. That’s because two new CSS classes are added sequentially, one after the other.
[iajsfiddle user=”krasimir” fiddle=”7rtCB/6″ height=”150px” width=”100%” show=”result,js,html,css” skin=”default”]
Keep in mind that the event handler receives an object which contains information about the animation like, for example, which property was changed, tje elapsed time and so on.
Be creative
I strongly recommend checking out Animate.css. It is a collection of CSS classes which you can useto apply some nice animations to DOM elements without needing to worry about the math.
[iajsfiddle user=”krasimir” fiddle=”uYrbA/7″ height=”150px” width=”100%” show=”result,js,html,css” skin=”default”]
In the above example I simply attach/remove two classes: rotateInDownLeft and bounceOutRight. I also used additional helper for detecting the end of the animation. Animate.css uses CSS animations, not CSS transitions, so the method is a bit changed:
function whichAnimationEvent(el){
var a;
var animations = {
'animation': 'animationend',
'OAnimation': 'oAnimationEnd',
'MozAnimation': 'animationend',
'WebkitAnimation': 'webkitAnimationEnd'
for(a in animations){
if([a] !== undefined ){
return animations[a];
This collection of classes in Animate.css is actually pure CSS. In the official repository of the project Dan Eden gave a little hint:
These days I’m trying to avoid the usage of libraries like jQuery when they are not necessary. For example, here I need to select an element and change its class attribute. There are solutions for that which use simple JavaScript.
I used the Animate.css library in two projects and in both I needed a tight control of the animations from within the JavaScript portion of the application. That’s why I decided to write a simple JavaScript class on top of Animate.css that gives control over the animations. It is available in my fork of the library here.
The initialization
Just include animate.js in your HTML and do the following:
var controller = Animate(el);
Adding a class (i.e. starting animation)
The add method appends a CSS class to the className property of the element. The function also accepts a second parameter which is a handler that will be called once the animation finishes.
controller.add("flipInY", function() {
alert("flipInY finishes");
Removing a class (i.e. returning to the initial state)
Normally when you use the Out methods your element is hidden at the end. If you want to return it to the initial state, you can use the remove method.
Catching the end of an animation
All the functions in the controller’s API return the API itself. This means that you can create a functional chain like for example:
.end("rotateOutUpRight", function() {
You may have nested closures but to keep the code readable it is good to use the end method. It accepts the name of a class and a handler that will be notified at the end of the animation.
Very often I needed to start a new animation once another finishes. Instead of doing that in a closure, I changed the end method a bit. It also accepts a string as a second parameter, which is actually a new Animate.css class.
.end("flipInY", 'rotateInDownLeft')
.end("rotateInDownLeft", 'bounceOutDown');
Removing all the added animation.css classes
Sometimes you will need to remove everything before you start adding new classes. The following method accomplishes this task:
Running animations in sequence
I think that this method is self-explanatory. Keep in mind that every animation class is removed before the new one is added.
It is worth noting that every handler in the JavaScript class is called within the context of the API. So, the this keyword actually points to the API and you are able to write things like the following:
Here is an example showing my little controller that actually demonstrates many of the available animations.
[iajsfiddle user=”krasimir” fiddle=”56V6e/3″ height=”150px” width=”100%” show=”result,js,html,css” skin=”default”]
Where to go from here
Hopefully this article has provided you with some useful information about some of the available options for creating animation in HTML, CSS and JavaScript. If you’d like to learn more about Animate.css, you can check the GitHub site which also offers the ability to generate a custom build including only the animations your application requires.
This article was originally published at
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/20913
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Category Archives: Newsletters
Newsletters Update
We are currently in the process of transferring all of our newsletters over to our new look website. In the mean time, if there is a particular newsletter you require that has not yet been transferred, it will still be available on our old website here.
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/20916
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A Nation Writhes In Self-Inflicted Torment
Very recently, a young black man was shot to death by police on the streets of Ferguson, Missouri -under circumstances not fully revealed.
Before his body had cooled, the streets were ablaze with angry protestors – acting on “word in the street”, and years of inchoate rage.
At the same time, the white populace (with some notable exceptions) began a veritable orgy of recriminations against Society in general, and Police in particular: whipping itself into near-masochistic frenzy –and howling down anyone who dared suggest the young man had brought his death upon himself.
A small “coalition” of reasonable people -who suggested we take the precaution of examining the actual evidence before rushing to judgment-was shoved aside by a tiny coalition of actual racists, whose shouted attacks on the victim made the evidence itself suspect.
Bit by bit, a flickering candle of Truth is beginning to emerge-but-given the mind set of the assorted factions, it is doubtful it will make anyone happy : least of all, the sensation craving Media.
Altogether, a disgusting state of affairs as we blunder through this 21st Century.
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/20918
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Working with clouds…
I have a fascination with the sky. I love how each day brings new colours, I love the clouds and the way the sun creates a contrast of shadows and brilliant light. My favourite type of cloud is the Cumulus Nimbus. Not only is it a fun word to say, but they are in my opinion the most boisterous and expressive clouds of all. That’s the type I tried to paint in this picture.
Theoretically clouds should be easy to make, just blobs of paint on the canvas really, but I still struggle with making them look like clouds and not blobs. Part of it is knowing how the light plays with shadows, along with where the sun is in the sky and if the clouds low or high. I imagine the wispy Cirrus clouds would be easier to paint, far less contrast to deal with.
I painted this picture from scratch, so no photo reference for the lighting. Overall, I am pleased with the results. I like the dimension and colour of the clouds, the whole image shows a good range of light and dark creating depth in the trees, valleys, and hills.
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/20926
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You've got the love
13/08/2013 22:47
Sophie's P.O.V.
The summer heat kept getting more and more unbearable so I decided to spend some time out of the house. And I did not mean spending time by the pool in the garden but at the beach instead. I’ve already asked the other members of my family if they wanted to join me. They surely did. Everyone was extremely excited about going to the beach- though we used to visit the coast quite often. The kids were always the happiest when I told ‘em to get their stuff because we were leaving. Well, Matty was usually happy as well- he was glad because the children were too.
The preparing lasted quite long since I was always the one to pack the other’s bags as well. To sum it up, it was my task to pack four bags. Plus the food and drinks. But the blame is on me- I came up with the idea of going to the beach. Great job, Sophie!
“Mum! Can we finally leave?” my youngest (five years-old) little daughter came running towards me all dressed up in her sweet pink swimsuit- decorated by my dear friend, Liv of course. She was holding her cute heart-shaped sunglasses in her hands.
“Relax, Tam” I smiled at her as I put four towels into one of the bags “Let’s check on Patrick, Darling. Ask him if he needs any help”
“But I dun wanna help him” he cried out and snapped with one of her feet “I wanna leaaaaaave”
“Darling, don’t be like that” I bent down to face her. I placed one of my hands on her tiny face and stroke her cheeks “Your brother doesn’t know how to pack. You do. Please?” I smiled again. I knew that I would win her this way. She had to be needed.
“Fine” she sighed and walked out of the bathroom, straight towards Patrick’s room. I quickly finished packing the important stuff- such as towels, swimsuits, flip-flops, sun cream, cards, mattresses, some food and drinks. I grabbed the two bags that I packed- the other two were the children’s- and began to walk down the stairs.
“Let me help, babe” I heard Matty rushing towards me and quickly got the bags out of my hands.
“You’re ready?” I asked with a smile on my face as I was walking right beside him on the stairs.
“Sure. Well, I didn’t have to pack a thing” he winked at me. I didn’t have any time to answer; I heard my seven-years-old son’s footsteps from upstairs. He showed up soon, wearing his new, dark blue swimming pants.
“Dad!” he yelled “I can’t find my ball!”
“Tam surely knows where it is. Ask her, kido” Matty said as he turned his head.
“She doesn’t know either” he said with a really really sad face “But you know which one I’m talking about, don’t you?” he asked hoping that his dad’s gonna know.
“Umm” Matty hesitated “The little ball of yours, huh? With the basketball-shape?”
“Yeah! That one!” he smiled “So you know where it is??”
“Sorry, kido. I don’t” Matty shook his shoulders.
“Damn” Pat hissed and walked back into his room all sadly.
“OK. Now” I sighed standing in the huge living room of ours “You-“ I looked at Matty “Let’s change into swimming suit. You-“ I pointed at Tamara who was standing on the top of the stairs “Come down here, and bring your bag. And You, Mister-“ I almost shouted so Patrick would hear me too “Forget the ball and bring your stuff! We’ll get another ball, just let’s go now!” I sighed again. It was really making me tired to take care of the whole family.
“And you, beautiful-” Matty grabbed my waist and pulled me closer to his body “You need you relax”
“I am relaxed” I said shaking my head.
“Of course you are” Matty nodded and leant towards me to kiss me on the lips.
The beach was amazing- as it usually was. The water was gorgeous, the sand was perfect and the sun was shining like it was meant to. Matty and I dropped our bags on the sand and he immediately got rid of his tank top and his shorts. The kids got ready in minutes as well. I was the only one left- still in my clothes because someone had to pack out the things.
“Daddy! Daddy!” Tamara grabbed the hem of Matty’s swimming pants and began to drag it.
“What’s the matter, princess?” he looked down at T’s excited face.
“Can we go into the water now?” she asked impatiently.
“Just a second, Tam” Matty nodded as he took a look at me, then added “I’m helping Mommy. You two can check the water” he smiled nodding towards the blueness.
“Thank you, Daddy” Tamara clapped their hands in excitement and began to run up to Patrick. The little girl grabbed his hands and dragged him into the water.
“What can I help you with, babe?” Matty winked at me and took the towels out of the bag.
“Umm” I hesitated “Hmm, give me a kiss” I smiled at him.
“With pleasure” he smirked at me and kissed me like he always does. Sweet. However, we arranged everything and I finally got the chance to brag with the new swimming suit of mine. I bought it a week ago with Liv and it was the first time I had the chance to try it. As I took off my white dress, I saw Matty almost drooling over me.
“Wow” he breathed out “You look gorgeous”
“Thanks” I smiled “Now let’s get to the kids” as I spoke, Matty took my hand and we walked on the sand, straight into the water where the children were playing.
“Mum! Dad!” I heard Pat calling out our names “C’mere! We’re here!” he kept waving at us.
“Yeah, see you, kido” Matty laughed.
“The water is excellent” Tamara stated as she appeared on the surface again. She was such a water-lover.
“Watch out, guys! The shark is coming!” Matty shouted as he jumped right towards the kids. They began to swim as far as possible while still screaming. I loved watching them fooling around. My lovely, handsome husband with my two wonderful children. Matty was keep chasing them- but letting them win of course. Sometimes he grabbed their legs or arms and dropped them into the water. They always reappeared on the surface with a huge smile on their faces. They enjoyed it really much.
“Mum!” I saw Tamara swimming up to me. Though she was only 5, she could swim better than a few of 10 years-olds.
“What’s it, Darling?” I asked taking her hand so she could rest.
“Can I get the mattress?” she asked gasping.
“Sure” I nodded and pulled the light pink object that I was holding in my hands, towards her. She climbed onto it easily and laid on it enjoying the sun. I watched the two guys of mine still chasing each other and pushing each other under the water as I saw- from the corner of my eye-my little girl relaxing.
“Muuuuuum! Muuuuum, help!” Pat cried out still laughing. I saw him getting closer to me- with his dad right after him.
“Daddy’s gonna catch me! Heeeeelp!” his voice was breaking by the laugh and it made me laugh as well. I held out my hand so he could reach it. I grabbed him and pulled him against my body.
“HAHA” he laughed into Matty’s face who almost caught Pat “Mum is safe haven!”
“She surely is” Matty placed his hands on my hips under the water and pulled us both closer to him. She gave me a soft kiss. And another one. And one more.
“Yuuuuuuk” I hears Tammy’s voice “Please, stop it”
“Stop what?” I looked at her with an innocent smile.
“Making out… Get a room instead” Patrick added and pulled himself away from us. My eyes widened. And so did Matty’s. What did my little son just say?!
“How do you two know these things, huh?” he asked surprised.
“Uncle Harry and Aunt Liv told us a lot of things” Patrick said looking back at us.
“What? When?” I asked shortly.
“Last week I guess” Tamara said “Ya know, when we were over to play with Darcy” she added. I didn’t know that a single afternoon spent with Liv’s and Harry’s daughter would mean this much. What a good idea it was…
“And what else did Uncle Harry and Aunt Liv tell you, kido?” Matty asked Pat with a curious smile.
“A lot” he answered “About how a baby is made, how much it takes to give birth…”
“Oh my God” I sighed. I’m gonna kill these two.
“Don’t worry, babe” Matty ran his hands all over my back to get me relaxed. Then he kept speaking to the kids “And hey. Why were you talking about these things?”
“I dunno” Patrick shook his shoulders “It all came with the question How do you know that you’re in love?” I had to admit, it was cute. But I’m still gonna kill them.
“Come here, kido” Matty grabbed Patrick’s shoulders and lifted him up, then dropped him into the water.
“Superwoman is coming! Don’t worry bro, I’ll save you!” Tamara cried out and she jumped in as well. God, I loved them so much.
“What was it?” Matty asked when both kids came up on the surface. He was pointing about one meter away from them.
“What? Didn’t see” Tamara was keep looking at the water that was still.
“I guess it was some fish” Patrick said with self-confidence. He was such a smart boy, just like his father [haha].
“Yeah, I’m sure it was” Matty nodded and grabbed Pat again. He threw him into the water while yelling “Get some fishes, kido!”
“Oh, you’re here too, princess?” he smiled as he saw Tamara standing next to him. As he said it, Tammy began to swim away but this time Matty way faster. He threw her into the water as well saying “C’mon, bring Daddy some fishes!”
I couldn’t handle it, I burst out laughing.
“You’re ridiculous” I laughed.
“That’s why you love me, beautiful” he swam towards me and kissed me all over again. But as soon as he let go of my lips, I could feel his large hands on my shoulder, pulling me underwater with himself.
“Daddy, stop!” I heard Tamara’s loud voice, even under the water.
“I’m coming to save ya, Mum!” Patrick added and I knew they would be right on Matty’s back in less than a second. And that was the time when the war started.
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Can you control which disk "Write MBR" writes to?
When you select "BCD Deployment" then "Install the Windows Vista/7 Bootloader to the MBR" and click "Write MBR", which disk is "the MBR" written to? Can you control which disk? Is it always the first active disk found, or maybe the one that the system was booted from?
In a multi-disk-drive system, it might be convenient to write an MBR to an active disk that might not be the current boot disk (or the current system disk, I forget which is which in Disk Management).
Similarly, when you select "BCD Backup/Repair", and "Re-create/repair boot files", which disk are those boot files written to? (This might be related to the other question I posted, but...) Are these files all written inside the BOOT folder?
I know that you can select a different BCD store, but that doesn't necessarily apply when you write an MBR, since that's not in the Boot folder.
Thanks for any info.
Mostly Harmless
Staff member
It's complicated, but you'll find that it does the right thing.
In "normal" cases, it'll write the MBR only to the boot drive (which may not be the system drive).
If you manually selected the BCD store, it'll determine which drive is the boot drive *for the BCD you selected* and write to that one.
*ALL* EasyBCD features take into account the manual selection of a BCD. (except change boot drive)
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The Fourier Series
Instructions Supporting Material Applet Doesn't Work? Feedback
Enter functions as expression in terms of "x". Usual rules apply. For exponents use "^", e.g. "e^x".
Supporting Material
Good functions to try (non-specified coefficients are 0)
• A linear function, such as f(x) = x;
• f(x) = sin(x) + sin(10*x);
• 1 + x^2/4
• x^3/10
• x^3/100 + sin(x)
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Glens Falls is a city in Warren County, New York, United States. It is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 14,354 at the 2000 census. The name is taken from a large waterfall in the Hudson River, located at the southern border of the city. Glens Falls is located in the southeast corner of Warren County, surrounded by the town of Queensbury to the north, east, and west, and by the Hudson River and Saratoga County to the south. Glens Falls is known as "Hometown U.S.A. ", a title given to it by Look Magazine in 1944. The city has also referred to itself as the "Empire City."
Military Law Lawyers In Glens Falls New York
What is military law?
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What Does It Mean When Your Dog Licks You?
My wife refers to our dog’s licks as “doggie kisses.” As soon as we begin petting him, he begins the licking. Following are a few reasons for all of those “doggie kisses.”
Don’t Call Me “Cujo”!
No, dogs don’t lick you to eat you (unsure about wild dogs, though)! Licking is more of a social interaction for dogs which begins the day they were born and their mum licks them to groom them and they continue to lick each other socially. Dogs will also lick their pack members for communication purposes. In certain instances they may be attempting to say to other dogs, “I submit,” I’m hungry,” or “Let’s make whoopee!”
But Maybe, Just Maybe…
Maybe dogs do like the way we taste! After preparing a meal or even when we spill some food, our dog’s senses can pick up on these yummy odors. So when they’re licking us they’re actually zeroing in on tiny food particles stuck in our skin that they can taste. And yes, it’s true. Dogs can taste and enjoy our seasoning (meaning the salt on our skin).
I Don’t Stink!
When you see your dog rolling around in muck and filth it’s easy to come to the conclusion that dogs do not particularly care for any type of hygiene. Buzz! Untrue! Like cats, dogs often lick themselves in order to clean themselves. This action, however, should be monitored because excessive cleaning can mean something is wrong (especially around the anal area which may indicate the anal glands needs to be “purged”).
The Healing Lick
I’ve often heard of this but how could I believe in this? Imagine canine saliva containing healing properties! I really thought my mum was making this up when she said let the dog lick your minor cut or scrape. Dog saliva actually harbors enzymes that kill off bacteria. So when your pup is licking it’s the bacteria he’s kicking as he cleans away dead tissue and dirt from his wounds. Be cautious however. Dog saliva may also contain Pasteurella, an anaerobic bacteria that can cause serious infections when introduced into a deep opened wound.
Also, some dogs (and cats) just can’t stop themselves from excessive licking which causes wounds to reopen or other problems to arise.
I Just Can’t Stop Myself!
Compulsive licking of the same area repeatedly may indicate a nervous behavior or disorder. If your dog appears nervous or scared while licking, medical help should be sought and it’s time for that vet trip again! Remember, even though licking can be a healthy stress reliever, obsessive licking worsens the problem by reinforcing your dog’s anxiety.
Let’s Talk
I’ve briefly mentioned dogs communicating with each other by licking but the same licking communication can be used on people as well. We’re not as savvy as canines when interpreting these messages but if your dog is licking you take a close look at everything around you. Your dog may need something- more food, more water, or it’s time to go out!
I Love You!
Affection. This is the most common of reasons as to why dogs lick you. Some pet parents don’t like the licking and some do. It’s a matter of preference just like some dogs lick a lot and others not so much. Licking for affection calms and comforts dogs by releasing endorphins which make them feel happy. But if the licking becomes too much for you and you want your dog to stop, try ignoring the licker by walking into another room whenever the licking begins. Soon your licker will learn licking is the cause for your leaving, and no pup wants their pal to leave them alone!
A Learned Behavior
Licking ultimately is a learned behavior. When dogs get more attention by licking, they tend to associate that rewarding attention with more licking. Dogs will always lick because it’s their nature to do so. Still, they can be trained to taper off. Seeking out the aid of a veterinary behaviorist or certified dog trainer is highly recommended if the ignoring method mentioned above simply doesn’t work.
In Conclusion
If the licking doesn’t bother you just consider this: your dog’s licks mean he enjoys your company and this is how he expresses his affection towards you, with respect and love, so enjoy the moment. Alas, it won’t last forever.
By Tom Matteo
Cesar’s Way: Why Do Dogs Lick?
Vetstreet: Why Does My Dog Always Lick Me?
AKC.org: Why Do Dogs Lick?
About the Author
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Guide to Writing Poetry
A helpful (?) step-by-step Prezi to guide the writing process of various poetry types: 1) Cinquian 2) Diamante 3) Etheree 4) ??????
Josh Flores
on 1 July 2010
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Saturday , June 16 2018
Home / Articles / What Does It Mean When A Dragonfly Visited Your Home?
What Does It Mean When A Dragonfly Visited Your Home?
Do you like dragonfly or are you scared of it’s wide eyes? Why do you suddenly see a dragonfly? When you spot a dragonfly you are witnessing a beautiful being who is a master of change, adaptability, and metamorphosis. He represents spiritual growth through change and transformation. Those who identify with the dragonfly often possess many unique abilities and are often the big bringers of change in their immediate worlds and beyond, but that is not the only meaning of a dragonfly sighting.
To understand the symbolism of the dragonfly, it’s helpful to know how unique they are in the physical sense. Much like a butterfly, these masters of flight and flexibility are born in one form and transform into another. The dragonfly is born first as a nymph who lives in water for years at a time. Some say three years; others say five. During this time, he can molt between 9 – 17 times. Then, he transforms and evolves into the flying wonder we see today. However, very little of a dragonfly’s life is actually spent flying through the open air. When you have a dragonfly sighting, you are seeing a symbol from Spirit to live in the moment and make the most of the time you have.
Dragonflies can see in 360-degree angles—another clue from Spirit to open your eyes and to see beyond limitations. Each of their four wings works independently. They go up, down, backward, and forward at any axis, which makes for some unique maneuvers. This allows the dragonfly to fly in any direction and at a speed of up to 30 miles per hour. Even at that speed, they can make hairpin turns or suddenly stop and hover. From the time they’re born, dragonflies are constant vehicles of change and transformation. They would have to be in order to have been on this planet even before the dinosaurs.
If the Dragonfly is Your Spirit Animal
Messages From the Spirit World
If you just think dragonflies are cool and don’t necessarily connect with their energy, but all of the sudden you seem to have one or two pestering you, it could be a message from Spirit that you should “lighten up” and live each moment with joy. In other words, a dragonfly sighting is a message that you worry too much about the future and don’t live in the moment. You need to stop, “hover,” and enjoy the moment you’re in. In the larger sense, a dragonfly can be a symbol that you need to be open to change in your life—to see life as a journey.
Symbols and messages can come to us in many ways. Of course, if you’re near water or a pool, seeing a dragonfly might not be unusual. But what if you were in the middle of the desert or another inland destination? You might see a sign that says “The Dragonfly Inn,” or the symbol of a dragonfly on a bottle of wine or water. You may even see a dragonfly in your dreams. If you see these symbols and make a spiritual connection, then the message is for you. You just need to be open to the meaning of your dragonfly sighting and what it’s saying to you.
Native American Symbolism
The dragonfly is a medicine animal to the Hopi and Pueblo tribes, who feel he holds the powers of healing and transformation. Because of this, killing a dragonfly is taboo in the Pueblo traditions. Many North American tribes use rattles in healing ceremonies and during prayers for abundance and rain, and since the dragonfly has a connection to water, its likeness often adorns rattles used in healing rituals and ceremonies. Ceremonial rattles are also used for cleansing and purifying or when seeking guidance from the Great Spirit, and of course, to give thanks.
About Author
Psychic888 Blog Moderator
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Does Your Supersensitive Child Have Extraordinary Powers?
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Client for the Selectel Virtual Private Cloud API.
Project description
# python-selvpcclient
[, and command-line script (installed as selvpc).
## Overview
## Installing from PyPI
pip install -U python-selvpcclient
Apache 2.0
Project details
Release history Release notifications
This version
History Node
History Node
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Python/numba implementation of Wigner D Matrices, spin-weighted spherical harmonics, and associated functions
Project description
Python/numba package for evaluating and transforming Wigner’s 𝔇 matrices, Wigner’s 3-j symbols, and spin-weighted (and scalar) spherical harmonics. These functions are evaluated directly in terms of quaternions, as well as in the more standard forms of spherical coordinates and Euler angles.(*)
(*) Euler angles are pretty much the worst things ever, and it makes me feel bad even supporting them. Quaternions are faster, more accurate, basically free of singularities, more intuitive, and generally easier to understand. You can work entirely without Euler angles (I certainly do). You absolutely never need them. But if you’re so old fashioned that you really can’t give them up, they are fully supported.
Project details
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spherical-functions-2017. (337.4 kB) Copy SHA256 hash SHA256 Source None Mar 2, 2017
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Read Across America Day: Making It Fun AND Worthwhile
Here I am again! I have been reading middle grade and YA fiction like crazy and have some to share soon. But right now, my life is overtaken by my son’s school’s Read Across America event. This is my second year to help with it, and while it can be stressful to organize, I’m proud we put on an event that’s both fun and worthwhile for the kids.
Here are the touchstones of our celebration at Holcomb Elementary in Fayetteville, Arkansas:
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College of Engineering Chengannur
Govt. College of Engineering, Chengannur (CEC)
കോളേജ് ഓഫ് എഞ്ചിനീയറിംഗ് ചെങ്ങന്നൂർ
Logo of College of engineering Chengannur.gif
Motto To become a frontline global institute.[1]
Type Public
Aided by the World Bank under TEQIP Programme Govt. of India
Established 1993
Principal Prof.Jyothi John[2]
Academic staff
Students 1776[3]
Location Chengannur, Kerala, India
9°19′07″N 76°36′50″E / 9.318483°N 76.614017°E / 9.318483; 76.614017
Affiliations AICTE, A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University (initially KTU) - 2015 onwards
CEC, as in 2007
New Face of CEC, as in 2012
Central Library of CEC
Map of Chengannur town featuring CEC
The Government College of Engineering Chengannur (established in 1993), commonly known as CEC, is an engineering institute in the state of Kerala, India. The college is located in Chengannur, Alappuzha. The college was set up under the auspices of the Institute of Human Resources Development (IHRD), is affiliated to the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University and the courses are recognised by AICTE and accredited by NBA, the National Board of Accreditation, India.[4][5]
CEC is situated in the heart of Chengannur, with the M.C. Road linking it to Thiruvananthapuram International Airport (100 km south) and Kochi Airport (100 km north). The Chengannur Railway Station and Bus Station are located withing walking distance from the college.
The college has been approved by the All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi . Being located in Chengannur town, Alleppey district, the college has access to transport, communication and lodging facilities. It was one among the five engineering colleges in Kerala selected by the government of India for the Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP). The college is listed as `CHN' in the allocation list of engineering seats maintained by the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations, Government of Kerala[6]
Two year postgraduate course in:
• M.Tech Electronics Engineering (VLSI and Embedded Systems) - 24 seats (from academic year 2010-11)
• M.Tech Computer Science (Digital Image Processing) - 24 seats
Four-year B.Tech. degrees in:
• Computer Science and Engineering - 120 seats(formerly, Computer Engineering)
• Electronics and Communication Engineering - 120 seats (formerly, Electronics Engineering)
• Electrical and Electronics Engineering - 120 seats (from academic year 2009-10)
• Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering - 60 seats(from academic year 2012-13.
Admission to the courses is on an annual basis and is based on the All Kerala Common Entrance Examination conducted by the Controller of Entrance Examinations, government of Kerala. The admissions to the free/merit seats and management seats are through the Central Allotment Process conducted by the Controller of Entrance Examinations, government of Kerala. The proportion of seats are as follows : free/merit seats 50%, management seats 35% (as aforementioned allotment to both these categories are through the Central Allotment Process ), the remaining 15% seats come under the NRI quota.
Annual intake
CEC has an annual intake of 420 students (+10% lateral entry students) through government allotment, divided among the four branches as follows:
• Computer Science and Engineering: 120 (+10% lateral entry students)
• Electronics and Communication Engineering: 120(+10% lateral entry students)
• Electrical and Electronics Engineering: 120 (+10% lateral entry students)
• Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering: 60 (+10% lateral entry students)
CEC technical and non-technical events
Summit is a biennial technical festival conducted by the college, to providing a platform for improving the technical and non-technical skills of the students. The Summit offers events including seminars and workshops.
Summit'12 was the sixth event of its kind, a three-day festival. Summit '12 differed from its predecessor as it was a techno-cultural event. The last Summit was held in September, 2016.
Technical organizations
IEEE Student Branch
An IEEE student branch was formed in CEC in mid-1997, with the goal of keeping the students in touch with technological advances. An IEEE library was inaugurated in December 1999. The library houses journals and magazines of IEEE. The IEEE student branch comes under the IEEE Kerala Section ([]) ([]) CEC's IEEE student members have presented projects at state and national level conferences and competitions. An IEEE Robotics Initiative Program has begun, with groups designing robots. IEEE-CEC is known for its consistent achievements since its inception in 1996.[7] IEEE-CEC is also known for many firsts including being the first IEEE Student Branch in the world to win the IEEE WIE SB Affinity Group of the year award in 2005.[8]
PRODDEC (Product Design and Development Centre)
PRODDEC provides a platform for students of both branches to exchange ideas and sharpen their technical skills. It organizes seminars by professionals and engineers and publishes a technical journal called Breakthrough.
FOCES (Forum of Computer Engineering Students)
FOCES is an organization of CSE students of the college. The forum aims at improving the technical and industrial knowledge of the students and strives to keep them abreast with software and technologies evolving in the information technology field. It welcomes the freshers into the world of computer engineering by conducting orientation classes.
After renovating FOCES in January 2010, its code of conduct has changed slightly and now all students can join the forum, but CSE students are default members. Newsletters and CDs are brought out to keep the students abreast of trends. It organizes talks by personalities in the industry on evolving technologies in computing, workshops on developing platforms, languages and software packages in the IT industry..
Website: - []
ExESS (ElectronicS Engineering Students Society)
The activities of ExESS have helped students in attending state and national level contests. Apart from conducting technical learning sessions for Component familiarisations and Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools, ExESS also does hands on training sessions for soldering and PCB fabrication.
FLOSS (Free/Libre/Open-Source Software) Cell
The FLOSS cell has been organised to explain Open Source and Linux. The cell conducts Linux familiarisation classes, installation sessions and other activities. FLOSS Cell helps install and maintain systems and LAN in the nearby government school.
Non-technical organizations
Students performing Thiruvathira Kali as a part of the Onam celebrations
Integrated with the NSS unit, it undertakes campus cleaning drives, sending volunteers to the Pulse-Polio Immunization programs of the Government of India, and organizes orphanage visits.
Nature Club
CEC has joined hands with the "Save the Earth" global movement through the `Aranyam' forestry club. Group discussions, awareness camps and visits to nearby sanctuaries are some of the activities.
Arts Club
ACE (Arts Club for Engineers) provides a platform for students to develop their creative skills. It runs Music club, Quiz and Debate club and Audio Visual club. The Arts Club organizes "Utsav", the college arts festival.
The Students' Executive Senate (CEC Senate)
The Students Executive Senate, simply known as 'CEC Senate', is the supreme student body. The members of the senate are elected by and from the students, with two representatives from each class. The objectives of the senate are: to train the students of the college in their duties, responsibilities and rights, to organize debates, seminars, group discussions, work squads, and tours, and to encourage sports, arts and other cultural, social or recreational activities.
Training Placement Cell
The Training and Placement Cell (TPC) is a blend of faculty and students. With a group of students led by a Placement officer (Mr Gopakumar) the TPC helps the CeCians choose their goal, prepare for it and find placements in work. The TPC of Chengannur Engineering College was the first of its kind, among the college placement units in the state, to introduce an 'Industry like' screening system for the selection as TPC student members.
Present as well as former students of College of Engineering Chengannur, have shown excellent entrepreneurship capabilities. Over 30+ [9] Companies (Registered) have been initiated from this institute.
Some of the noteworthy companies from College of Engineering Chengannur are :
• ExTravelMoney Technosol - Online Forex Services Product[10]
• Profoundis Labs - IT Solutions (Acquired by FullContact)[11]
• Red Panthers - Software Consultancy firm specializing in Ruby on Rails
• Veeble Softtech - Web Hosting, Web Development Company
• Poornam Infovision - IT Solutions
• Perleybrook Labs LLC - IT Solutions
• - Educational Tech Product Startup[12]
• Praudyogiki Technolabs LLP - IT Solutions
See also
1. ^ "vision". Retrieved 29 December 2012.
2. ^ "Principal". Retrieved 29 December 2012.
3. ^ "Admissions". Retrieved 29 December 2012.
4. ^ "IHRD Official Website". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
5. ^ "Higher Education India Directory". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
6. ^ []
7. ^ "IEEE CEC Website". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
8. ^ "IEEE WIE Newsletter Extract". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
9. ^ "Hall of fame | College of Engineering Chengannur Alumni Relations". Retrieved 2016-09-23.
10. ^ "Extravelmoney: A Startup Creating a One Stop Shop for All Forex Needs". 2015-05-30. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
11. ^ "Blockbuster deal: US firm acquires Kochi-based startup Profoundis | Video". Retrieved 2016-09-23.
12. ^ "Make the right choice". The Hindu. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
External links
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4 ideas for coming up with content ideas
We’ve all been there – Maybe you’re sitting in front of a blinking cursor trying desperately to feel a spark of inspiration to write your next blog post masterpiece. Or maybe you’re seated in front of a video camera, trying to think of what to say for your company’s latest instalment of your video blog. I feel your pain.
As a content specialist, there are some days when I’m just not feeling inspired, and I find myself struggling to type out so much as a text to my mum. Yes, even the pros sometimes get marketers’ block, and when you’re in need of content ideas, it helps to have a few backup sources of inspiration handy to help you along. Here are a few things I like to do when I’m stuck for content ideas:
1. Constantly keep a running list of blogs, websites and other content that inspires you
Feedly is a great way to do this, or for something a little prettier, go for Bloglovin. When you’re stuck for ideas, simply scan your feed for inspiration – You may read something online that triggers your memory of something else you read, saw or thought about last week. Pocket is another way to keep track of articles and pieces of content as you read them.
2. Find out what times of day and scenarios work best for you personally
For me, it’s usually during my afternoon commute home that I suddenly get a flurry of inspiration (funny it always seems to happen more often when I’ve forgotten my notebook and my phone is out of batteries). But enlightened moments strike at different times for everyone. Maybe you get your best ideas while you’re sitting on the train in the morning, or out at dinner with your folks. Either way, always be prepared for those “hey that would make a great blog post/video/infographic” moments. That way you’ll never be frustrated by the feeling of an idea floating away into thin air when you’re trying to remember it later when you’re back at your desk. Which brings us to point 3:
3. Take your notepad (or phone) everywhere
And I mean everywhere. Phones are good, but they sometimes run out of batteries (see point 2) so paper notebooks are great because they tend to last a long time on a single charge. Note down any and all ideas that suddenly spring to mind – no matter how trivial or half-baked they seem at the time. That way you’ve got a database of potential post ideas ready to explore and research.
4. Listen to your customers and clients
As an agency, we get asked a lot of questions by our clients, which we love! But there are some questions that we get asked so frequently that we realise it might make a great in-depth blog post or video. This is not necessarily so that people won’t ask us the question anymore, but rather, so that we can educate clients as much as possible, and possible spark a further in-person or phone discussion on the topic.
We have a client whose goal when we started working with them was to increase the number of leads their website generated. With some hardworking SEO and PPC campaigns, the client eventually got to the point where they were actually getting too many leads from people who didn’t end up being their ideal customers, as they didn’t have the budget to spend on their product. Bummer.
The learning? Educate your customers as much as possible about your product, service or industry before they pick up the phone to ring you. I know the main goal of some businesses is to just get a person on the phone at all costs, after which they let their salespeople work their magic – But pre-qualifying your customers through some helpful, relevant and educational content available on your website can help save you precious time and energy. Of course, after reading more about your product, some people will just leave your site, and that’s ok too. You really only want to be spending time nurturing leads and potential customers who are actually interested in your product and are likely to buy at some point in the future.
If you really want to get talking to them, grab their email address with a lead magnet or piece of gated content so you can continue to market to them after they’ve visited your site.
More inspiration:
What are your no-fail ways to come up with content ideas when you’re struggling?
Share your opinion
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4 ideas for coming up with content ideas
time to read: 3 min
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21089
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1 entry found
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07 Dec 2005 description
On June 2, 2005, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and the Center for Strategic and International Studies hosted a conference entitled,"Uganda:An African 'Success' Past its Prime?" Before a full auditorium, Dr. Joel Barkan and Ambassador Johnnie Carson discussed recent political developments in Uganda, and the implications of these developments for long-term Ugandan democratization and stability. The discussion was unusually frank.
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21093
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People's conditional probability judgments follow probability theory (plus noise)
Files in This Item:
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conditionals_revised_11.pdf2.29 MBAdobe PDFDownload Request a copy
Title: People's conditional probability judgments follow probability theory (plus noise)
Authors: Costello, Fintan
Watts, Paul
Permanent link: http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8159
Date: Sep-2016
Abstract: A common view in current psychology is that people estimate probabilities using various 'heuristics' or rules of thumb that do not follow the normative rules of probability theory. We present a model where people estimate conditional probabilities such as P(A|B) (the probability of A given that B has occurred) by a process that follows standard frequentist probability theory but is subject to random noise. This model accounts for various results from previous studies of conditional probability judgment. This model predicts that people's conditional probability judgments will agree with a series of fundamental identities in probability theory whose form cancels the effect of noise, while deviating from probability theory in other expressions whose form does not allow such cancellation. Two experiments strongly confirm these predictions, with people's estimates on average agreeing with probability theory for the noise-cancelling identities, but deviating from probability theory (in just the way predicted by the model) for other identities. This new model subsumes an earlier model of unconditional or 'direct' probability judgment which explains a number of systematic biases seen in direct probability judgment (Costello & Watts, 2014). This model may thus provide a fully general account of the mechanisms by which people estimate probabilities.
Type of material: Journal Article
Publisher: Elsevier
Copyright (published version): 2016 Elsevier
Keywords: Probability;Conditional probability;Rationality;Biases;Heuristics
DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2016.06.006
Language: en
Status of Item: Peer reviewed
Appears in Collections:Computer Science Research Collection
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21095
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It’s the economy (and an apocalypse-inducing six megatons of explosive thermonuclear energy), stupid
Screen Shot 2016-04-06 at 22.24.46
So it turns out the lefty ex-Channel Four economics editor and mostly-good-egg, Paul Mason, is pro-nukes, which disappoints and surprises me (to be fair, it surprises me whenever anyone suggests that a device capable of instantaneously evaporating millions of human beings, leaving only charred, people-shaped marks on the floor is A Good Thing. But hey, I’m a sensitive soul).
The video in which he sets out his pro-nuclear stance is entitled ‘The Left Case for Nuclear Weapons’ and it broadly consists of two categories of argument. The first category relates to why nukes are A Good Thing. Lindsey German, of The Stop the War Coalition, responds to Mason and does a great job of arguing why nuclear weapons are A Bad Thing (and why ‘the left-wing case’ is suspiciously similar to the ‘right-wing case’), so I won’t rehearse those arguments here. Read German, it’s a good piece (and join Stop the War, while you’re on the website).
The second category of arguments all relate to ‘bending the stick’, as the Leninist phraseology goes. The gist is something like, “sure, okay, nukes are bad, but what’s more important is getting a left Labour government elected. The nukes are a distraction. We need to be hammering the government on the poor state of the economy and declining living standards, but for as long as we have this position on nuclear weapons that message will keep getting derailed and we’ll keep having silly discussions about whether Jeremy will push the button or not”.
Maybe I’m getting a little right-wing in my late twenties, but there does seem to be a vaguely compelling rationale here. Although German doesn’t say as much, she does seem to suggest that the Labour leadership should be picking fights about Britain’s membership of NATO. This, I think, would be daft.
Lets’ be clear: NATO is a relic of the Cold War. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union it’s been used as a vehicle for interfering in the affairs of countries in which the West has a cynical political or economic interest. But that’s not a majority position; as rallying cries go, “we demand an exit from the military wing of the global capitalist hegemon” is pretty abstract (although basically correct). In the event that we on the Left ever do take power, we’d be better off abstaining from a military conflict in which membership of NATO compels Britain to participate, and taking things from there (it seems to me it’s much easier to oppose a – preferably unpopular – war than it is to oppose membership of an “alliance” in the abstract).
So, from a tactical perspective, opposition to NATO seems like an unnecessary fight to pick. Beating a tactical retreat on that issue to make it easier to win the field on economic policy seems sensible (if, by “retreat”, you mean “not rocking the boat”).
But where Mason loses me (and where German is 100% correct) is that Trident is an economic issue. To omit it from a discussion of economic policy would be ridiculous.
On the one hand, there’s the sophisticated ‘war is concentrated economics by other means’ argument (to mangle Clausewitz and Lenin); politics is the ‘concentrated’ expression of economic contradictions, and war is just another way in which those economic contradictions play out. To speak of economic policy is therefore to speak of the state’s capacity and inclination to wage war.
On the other hand, there’s the far cruder fact that at Mason’s (conservative) estimation, Trident costs a whopping £41bn. CND put the overall cost at over £100bn.
I don’t usually like arguments against austerity that say we should cut here instead of here. Actually, the UK’s record current account deficit is caused by a reduced tax take which is itself a function of a stagnating economy. The solution is for the state to invest to stimulate economic activity. Whether we cut this or that is really beside the point. John McDonnell’s various explanations of his ‘fiscal responsibility’ rule very elegantly capture this dynamic.
Having said all this, £100bn – hell, even £41bn – is a lot of money that could be productively invested in a plethora of ways that – crucially – don’t involve the manufacture of weapons so lethal they would render the planet uninhabitable in literally a matter of milliseconds were they ever used.
Mason is right in a sense – it is stupid to get bogged down in arguments about whether or not the Labour leader would push the button (read: plunge us into the End of Days). We should, however, be asking whether there aren’t better things to spend £100bn on, like green energy, rail infrastructure, new housing stock, the education system, high speed internet, house insulation, and/or saving the steel industry (amongst a million and one other things).
When we talk about how our economy should work, we’re talking about the kind of society in which we want to live. We should be asking what it is we need to be investing in to create the high skills, high wages and high technology economy we want. A discussion of Trident is a discussion of how we choose to invest public money and resources. It shouldn’t distract our attention from the key messages on the economy; it should complement them.
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ani, glitter
Playing the Band Wasn't Cool -- Or Was It?
I grew up in the David Douglas School district in East County, which was outside the Portland city limits (not a Portland Public School). Therefore we didn't have Rose Festival Princesses from our school. But we did have band! In fact, in my family we really had band -- my dad was the high school band director.
That wasn't such a cool thing back in the '70's. As a freshman in 1971, carrying my oboe case around at school wasn't cool. Being an actual relative of the most efficient buster-of-the-smokers wasn't cool. Having to sit with the band during football games while everyone else was walking around being seen wasn't cool. Wearing the David Douglas red plaid knee-length skirt to school wasn't cool. Almost worst of all was putting white shoe polish on white tennis shoes. (Anyone who remembers the '70's will remember the clothing colors weren't red, the skirts were hardly knee length -- and nothing was polished!)
While my peer group grunged, I was spit polished by a former Marine.
Of course in my family there was never a question of whether to be in band or not -- the question was only which instrument would be played. I was the oldest of four kids, and the only one my dad was able to coerce into playing an instrument he might need. The rest of my siblings played what our parents played, trumpets for the guys and a clarinet for the girl. (Selected due to sound, because they'd heard them played a lot and liked the sound. Live music, after all, really is the best. Especially when played by people who love you and take good care of you.)
The oboe wasn't cool. Lipstick was out, but I felt it was harsh -- so I wore it anyway! The look of a person playing the oboe was not exactly what I had calculated my high school 'look' to be. I hopee no one cool would come to the our concerts and see me shoving my lips out like a chimpanzee!
The cool people might not attend band concerts, but they do attend large public events, like parades. Thankfully in my sophomore year my dad announced players of double-reeded instruments (like my oboe) would be playing other instruments, as double-reeds are dangerous during marching (with the risk of soft-palette piercings). What I wasn't prepared for was the weight of the miniature glockenspiels he provided to three of us! They were supposed to fit in the crooks of our fifteen-year-old left arms -- and then be played by our right hand. But they weighed about twenty-five pounds! (Aside from having nothing in common musically with our normal instruments.) But there were advantages! I got to wear lots of make up and fix my face in any expression I wanted.
All spring the band practiced marching for the Grand Floral Parade, using the side streets near the high school. We lined up in ranks of seven and tried to please Dad. He was a good drill sergeant -- as I knew from personal experience! We'd guide right and march straight, and we learned to play and march at the same time.
As we practised in the neighborhood people would come out of their houses and wave. No one complained. I guess Dad had warned them of the route, or something. I was too young and too unaware to know if we were good or not -- nor did I care. I only hoped that when we got back to school that no one I knew would be standing outside to see us marching. In the 1970's the cool thing was being anti-military, not imitating it!
The day of the parade finally arrived. I was both nervous and resentful. I didn't tell my parents, but I resented their making me do something that would make me look stupid. Dad came out in his cream colored uniform -- so different from our 'Go Scotts' red and gray -- and inspected my shoes. The polish had somehow ended up on the rubber sole of the shoe, so I had to go back and wipe it off. I did so with an irritated sigh. Then Dad and I drove to the high school and I ran off to hide in the ranks of students. We got on to the school bus and drove down to the Coliseum, with me checking my lipstick on the drive.
At the Coliseum we made our way to the halls into the main arena. We had gauged our arrival time to fit our place in the parade. We were ready to march into the arena where we'd stop briefly to perform for the judges. In the entrance hall Dad lined us up before taking his place beside us on the right. We were officially on our own! We now had a seventeen-year-old high school drum major to guide us...
We began the piece for the judges, marching in place in the huge doorway in to the arena. The drumming reverberated around me and a deep thrill ran through me. How many fifteen-year-olds get to play for thousands of people? Suddenly I was filled with pride -- for my school and our band. And I was filled with pride for my Dad as he marched beside us, his back straight and his eyes shining with pride for all of us.
We marched into the arena, stopped in the center and played for the audience. We were now offically part of the 1972 Grand Floral Parade. We'd play for this audience and then march through the streets of Portland, representing our school in front of the entire city. We'd be on TV! We'd end up at Lincoln High School [the disband area], eating hotdogs (my Dad's favorite).
By the next year we had a rank of bells -- and we weren't bad for people who played something else all year. In fact, we were good enough to inspire my Dad to orchestrate a piece that made us the winning Band. Dad arranged "The Blue Bells of Scotland" to include our bells in a two-part harmony of the melody. When we began to play the people on the street were quiet, listening while the notes soared. When we finished the people on the street burst into applause -- and I tried hard to keep from crying.
When we got back to the band room at school, someone had put a sign up above the door saying "Home of the Best Band in Oregon, 1973." No, we didn't have a Princess, but we were the best band in the Rose Festival!
The next year was my last year to perform -- and I failed in my attempt not to cry in public when I realized it, just as I marched into the Coliseum to play "Tunes of Glory" for the last time.
~Linda Morrell
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I adjust my trigger level at the bottom of my signal+ but it doesn't trigger. Why not?
The trigger level is the horizontal line indicator used to visually represent where the trigger voltage level is. But there is also an invisible line, called the guard band. The guard band exists below the level indicator for the rising edge trigger, and above the level indicator for the falling edge trigger.
Hysteresis guard band
The best way to explain the guard band is to imagine a dashed line about two minor divisions or so, below the solid trigger level line you see when adjusting the Level knob. See Figure 1 for an illustration. The signal must first pass through this dashed line to arm the trigger and finally pass through the solid line to generate the trigger event. This prevents noise from generating a false trigger. The hysteresis guard band is why you can trigger very near the top of the signal (rising edge) and cannot trigger near the very bottom of the signal because the bottom of the band has gone beyond the signal. Just the opposite is true for a falling edge setting.
Figure 1: Illustration of Trigger hysteresis
Noisy signals
Noise Rejection coupling has a wider guard band that assists in triggering noisier signals. Conversely, if you really need to trigger at the bottom of a signal with positive slope you might try using HF Reject coupling. This filters out high frequency noise and allows the scope to tighten the trigger hysteresis.
FAQ ID : 63666
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21128
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How a Nuclear Reactor Works
Harnessing a Nuclear Reaction
Put simply, a nuclear reactor splits atoms and releases the energy that holds their parts together.
If it's been a while since you took high school physics, we'll remind you how nuclear fission works: Atoms are like tiny solar systems, with the nucleus where the sun would be, and electrons orbiting around it. The nucleus is made up of particles called protons and neutrons, which are bound together by something called strong force. Perhaps it was named "strong force" because it's almost too powerful for us to imagine -- many, many billions of times stronger than gravity, in fact [source: Bryson]. Despite the strength of strong force, it's possible to split a nucleus -- by shooting neutrons at it. When that's done, a whole lot of energy is released. When atoms split, their particles smash into nearby atoms, splitting those as well in a chain reaction. (Think a multi-car crash on the freeway.)
Uranium, an element with really big atoms, is perfect for atom splitting because its strong force, though powerful, is relatively weak compared to other elements. Nuclear reactors use a particular isotope called uranium-235 [source: Union of Concerned Scientists]. Uranium-235 is rare in nature; the ore from uranium mines only contains about 0.7 percent uranium-235. That's why reactors use enriched uranium, which is created by separating out and concentrating the uranium-235 through a gas diffusion process [source: NRC].
This process is what gives an atomic bomb, like the ones that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, during World War II, such terrible power. But in a nuclear reactor, the chain reaction is controlled by inserting control rods made of a material like cadmium, hafnium or boron, which absorb some of the neutrons [source: World Nuclear Association]. That still allows the fission process to give off enough energy to heat water to a temperature of about 520 degrees Fahrenheit (271 degrees Celsius) and turn it into steam, which is used to turn turbines and generate electricity [source: Union of Concerned Scientists]. Basically, a nuke plant works like a coal-powered electrical plant, except that the energy to boil water comes from splitting atoms instead of burning carbon [source: Nuclear Regulatory Commission].
In the next section, we'll talk about the different types of reactors and how their key parts work.
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21136
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Important To Understand This Lie
Among all the other lies in Bush’s speech I see one that has not been widely explained. This is the lie that people would build up money in the private account that they can keep and pass on to heirs.
Bush said, “…you can build a nest egg for your own future,” and “…you’ll be able to pass along the money that accumulates in your personal account, if you wish, to your children or grandchildren.”
So you have this account (if the stock market hasn’t gone down), and you’re supposed to live off of it until you die. Question for you: How much should you take out each month? Remember, if you take out too much you will run out of money and have nothing to live on.
The way a situation like this is usually handled is you use the money to buy an annuity — a guaranteed monthly amount paid to you each month until you die. The amount is figured by calculating the average life expectancy of someone your age. It works because half of the people die early, leaving enough money to continue paying the other half of the people who die late. If you buy an annuity and die a month later, your money goes to cover the person who lives to be 112.
And, of course, the company you buy the annuity from keeps a healthy commission. (They gots to pay their CEO his $200 million each year.)
So this “pass along the money” idea is just another lie — words that sound nice and are used to trick you into thinking this is a good deal. It is a lie because you have to give the money to an annuity company or risk having nothing left to live on. And it’s worse than you think. The lifespan calculations that decide the annuity payments are calculated by professionals who do this and only this and know what they are doing. The Bush plan leaves everyone on their own to figure out for themselves how much to take out each month. This means that it is possible for every person to miscalculate and run out of money.
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Why Senseair inCase?
Casing designed for you and with your brand
We have three arguments when it comes to delivering a ready to use product. But the once stated in Sensor Core and onBoard follow the case…
Why Senseair technology?
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30 things your child should understand and say before she turns 2
Tracking the speech and language milestones is important to spot red flags early on.
Mums and dads may have noticed that their baby needs no language to get her message across to you. Even when she is just a few weeks old, parents end up understanding what their little princess wants! However, as she grows up, she needs to express herself using her ability to speak and reach the language milestones in time. And it is just amazing to watch her babbling turn to words!
Language milestones come in handy when you want to check your daughter's progress. Here are is a language milestone checklist loosely based on the National Institutes of Health, USA guidelines, so check if there are any red flags.
Milestones by the age: 1 year
1. Understands her own name
2. Pays attention when spoken to
3. Understands simple instructions, for instance, 'don't eat that!'
4. Responds to simple requests, for instance, 'please give it to me!'
5. Understands common words when used with gestures e.g. “hello!”
6. Can associate pictures with words and sounds, for instance, 'tiger roars!'
7. Laughs when you laugh and may try to sing along with you
8. She imitates familiar words
9. Babbles with intention and gives her own words to objects.
10. She starts using nouns most exclusively
11. Says 2 – 3 words besides “mama” and “dada”
12. Calls you out instead of crying for attention
13. She is able to participate in games involving other children, like passing the ball and pat-a-cake
Red flags at 1 year
1. Does she not respond to you when you call her name?
2. Does she babble little or not at all?
Milestones by the age: 2 years
1. Understands deniers like 'no' and 'don't'
2. Can point out around 5 body parts
3. She can fetch objects from another room when asked
4. Nods “yes” and shakes head for “no”
5. Understands more words than can say/speak
6. She understands simple questions like “where is the door?”
7. Enjoys listening to stories
8. She can repeat sounds, e.g. say ”meow” and points towards a cat
9. Asks for food or toys using their pet words
10. Uses single words more frequently than sentences
11. She uses words like “more” if she likes something repeated
12. Can use 10 to 20 words including names
13. She answers ‘what is that’ questions
14. Can accurately name a few everyday objects objects
15. Begins to use words like “I”, “me” and “you”
16. Starts to combine nouns and verbs like “ boy-come' and 'bye-cat'
17. She can combine two words such as “mummy, Hi!”, 'no-no'
Red flags at 2 years
• Is your child still unable to speak?
• Does your child prefer to be alone and loathes company?
• Does your child use more gestures than words?
• Are you unsure if she understands what you are saying?
My child does meet a few milestones on the checklist
The checklist is a collective observation where 90% of children do these things by the age indicated. So, if your child does not 'check' one or more of these milestones in time, it does not mean there is something wrong with her. It may simply mean that she is a late bloomer as they say.
That said, if the red flags are flagged, it is time to meet your doctor. Luckily, all this assessment is generally done as a part of your growing up check-ups. If you fill up the health booklet regularly before each scheduled checkup, you will have better questions to ask your doctor.
An online copy of the booklet can be found here.
If your child needs therapy, your doctor will refer her to a relevant speech and language expert. An early diagnosis will help your child immensely, so talk to your doctor even if you have the slightest doubts.
Also read: 20 bittersweet milestones all parents endure
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21147
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Sherri Lupton Hollister
May Prompts/flash fiction
She sat in the damp sand, tears streaming down her cheeks. She shivered as the dark clouds covered the sun siphoning the heat from her soul. The wind whipped her hair into her face—blinding her. She clutched her knees, her tears mingling with the rain. Her heart, shattered to a fine powder lay like dust in on a bare floor. Like a boat smashed upon the rocks, her life lay in shambles at her feet. The waves crashed upon the rocks like dancers in a violent ballet. She ducked her head against the onslaught of the storm, shivering in the wind. She closed her eyes against the sand that flew at her like tiny bullets of glass. The pain so acute she sought only to stifle it. The wind ceased. An eerie quiet filled the air, as if the whole world were holding it’s breath. She stood and stared at the sea as it gentled. It called to her. Come to me, let me wrap you in my loving arms. I can take away the hurt. She stepped to the water’s edge. The waves teased her toes, she wanted to walk into the depths and not stop until she could no longer breathe or feel or want.
Music drifted on the gentling breeze, the familiar song filled her. She stood, knee deep in the cold water. The siren’s song calling to her to drown her pain but the melody pulled her from her misery, reminding her of an other cold night. She turned and started back to shore. A wave crashed over her, knocking her to the sand. Her legs heavy in the wet denim, the waves pushed her down. She couldn’t rise. Panic filled her as the fear brought the realization that she did not want to die. She clawed at the sand. Prayed. The waves shoved her into the jagged rocks. She tried to grab hold, her finger nails ripped as she reached for the promise of salvation. The rocks tore at her skin, bruised her body, cracked against her skull. She cried out as the pain burst in her head and the blackness crept in severing the memories and the pain.
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21154
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Fixing GRUB after Windows install
23 07 2008
1. Boot the Live CD
2. Open a terminal window and type:
sudo grub
3. On the new prompt:
grub>> find /boot/grub/stage1
the answer in my case (hd0, 0)
4. Proceed
root (hd0,0)
setup (hd0)
After the reboot all should be good and the boot menu should appear.
The windows installation needs to be installed manyally by editing menu.lst.
Funnily enough, this was not my case.
In every attempt to issue any command on the grub shell i kept getting:
Error:27 Unrecognized command over and over again.
Rebooting the computer continuously resulted in :
Error Loading Operating System
After messing around with CMOS parameters for a while, i also noticed that after booting the live cd and setting a boot flag on the windows partition instead, everything went fine.
To make this short, the solution was reached by starting another installation,
choosing Manual on the installation partitioner.
Choosing to NOT FORMAT any of the partitions and continuing the process. At the end the setup will execute a grub-install
All my files and docs were kept intact but the entire filesystem is swapped for the new one, so all
installed software, gone.
Not the end of the world anyways, i had a AptOnCd copy of my system.
I made the Windows installation to fuss around with the Warelex Mobiola Webcam application for symbian phones.
I’ll write soon enough an entry about it.
3 responses
14 08 2008
Muhammad Jafari
Please edit commands in No. 4 to root (hd0,0) setup (hd0)
Just insert a space between the root and (hd0,0) and between the setup and (hd0), too!
14 08 2008
Done. 😉
16 10 2009
I have a doubt in 4th step what is (hd0,0), what does it mean .
Has it is partion hardisk name like hd02,hd03
Actually i deleted my xp and ubuntu due to some reasons . Now installed ubuntu in 30gb hard disk i think in 3rd partion(hrd03) rest of the drives are still in ntfs format
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21158
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Curcuma zedoaria - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-048.jpg
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
(unranked): Commelinids
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Genus: Curcuma
Species: C. zedoaria
Binomial name
Curcuma zedoaria
(Christm.) Roscoe
Zedoary is a perennial herb. This plant is native to India and Indonesia.
Uses[change | change source]
Food[change | change source]
The eatable root of zedoary has a white core and an aroma like the mango; however, its taste is more similar to ginger, except with a very bitter aftertaste. In Indonesia, it is ground to a powder and added to curry pastes, whereas in India, it tends to be used fresh or in pickling.
Medicinal uses[change | change source]
Zedoary is also used in some traditional eastern medicines. Zedoary has been used to treat coronary heart disease, liver cancer, anemia, chronic pelvic inflammation and helps prevent leukopenia due to cancer therapies.[1]
References[change | change source]
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Social Enterprise events for 2018
Social Capital Advisors and our professional partners host regular meetings about Social Enterprise investing, Philanthropy and Charities.
Events on the slate for 2018 are
• The Spring Statement and how it affects Social Enterprise
• Modern Philanthropy in 2018
• Big Society Bank: what is it good for?
• SIFI’s survival or boom time?
• Do we need an alphabet of tax vehicles?
• Social purpose bonds: a scalable solution?
We are also holding regular on and offline meetings for our member groups.
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Protected by Copyscape
Dear reader:
Use and/or duplication of Marielena Montesino de Stuart’s material in whole or in part is strictly prohibited, with the exception of one excerpt per article, which may be quoted pursuant to the following requirements:
1. Excerpt can only be 25 (twenty five) words or less.
2. The name of the author, Marielena Montesino de Stuart, must appear directly above the excerpt.
3. You must not alter or insert commentaries in the excerpt.
4. The excerpt must include the link to Marielena Montesino de Stuart’s original article.
5. The excerpt MUST NOT be presented to the reader as an endorsement of the blog / website where the excerpt appears.
Thank you for being a loyal reader and for your attention to the aforementioned requirements, pursuant to U.S. and international copyright laws.
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Quote of the Day – Eugene V. Debs
Ten-thousand times has the labor movement stumbled and bruised itself. We have been enjoined by the courts, assaulted by thugs, charged by the militia, shot down by regulars, traduced by the press, frowned upon in public opinion, and deceived by politicians, threatened by priests, repudiated by renegades, preyed upon by grafters, infested by spied, deserted by cowards, betrayed by traitors, bleed by leeches, and sold out by leaders. But not withstanding all of this and all these, the labor movement is today the most vital and potential power the world has ever known, and it’s historic mission of emancipating the workers of the world from thraldom of ages is as certain of ultimate realization as is the setting of the sun.
Author: El Burro
A leftist factory worker who dreams of being a writer.
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Photo Phriday #16 The dirty Fur of Life
Until now, the general public has only known Gibarian for a photographer of meticulously polished and clean pictures of the dirty little details of life. Well, sometimes animals too. Now here comes something the general public (by the way, that’s you) hasn’t seen before. A picture that shows the dirty little detail of a once white polar-bear.
Although there’s an underlying intricate meaning to that picture I now don’t want to go into, there’s also a very obvious and not so intricate meaning to it too. That polar-bear is dirty. What does that mean? That’s a rhetorical question. For
those of you who don’t know what a rhetorical question is, here’s another one. You know what’s funny? That that question was rhetorical again, and you know what’s even funnier? That I actually lost track of what I was writing about (AND that that question AGAIN was a rhetorical one). Nevermind, just keep in mind, nothing is as good as it looks once you take a closer look (That’s the obvious meaning, you dummy, so don’t even start bashing me for the construction of overt wisdom).
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My Artwork: 7/19
19 Jul
This is what I ended up with.
HD Vision with Shinagawa Lasik Center
11 Apr
New blog is up on my main site, friends! Wrote about my Lasik surgery with Shinagawa Lasik Center. Here’s the link:
Do check it out and if you haven’t already, I hope you subscribe to the other blog as that is where I mainly post now. 😉
Have a great rest of the day friends!
Summer-Ready Hair Thanks to Yannig of Frank Provost Alabang!
6 Apr
New blog is up on my main site:
If you haven’t subscribed to my new site yet (, I hope you do now. Here’s a blog sharing my makeover, thanks to Yannig Sauvage of Frank Provost Alabang.
@JamieInTransit: Trips to Remember in 2016
5 Jan
Happy New Year my WordPress friends!
Travel Vlog | Siargao, Philippines
8 Nov
Harana Surf Resort
Cloud 9
Jacking Horse
Daku Island, Guyam Island, Naked Lakawon Island Resorts
Magpupungko Tidal Pools
I hope you’ll enjoy watching this, guys! 😉
Oh and don’t forget to subscribe to my new website, friends! I mostly post there, IG is @jamieintransit and youtube, too. 😉
10 Things To Do in Siargao, Philippines
4 Nov
I’ve just recently marked off Siargao from my list of places to go to in the Philippines and I’m glad I did. Now, it’s one of my favorite islands in the country. Here are a few suggestions of places to go to and activities to do, if you should ever find yourself in this paradise.
Here’s the link to my blog about Siargao: ❤
12 Sep
I have a new blog up on my site.
Sharing a few pictures from the blog:
8 Sep
I’m also on:
Instagram –
FB –
Blog –
Twitter –
Thanks for watching guys! Til the next blog 😉
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It’s a Secret (World) + WoW News
My most recent article for WhatMMO had me doing some research on a new urban fantasy MMO called The Secret World. I’d heard of it before, but this was the first time I’ve really taken the time to learn about it, and I have to say, it does look interesting, for the same reason Guild Wars 2 is interesting: it’s different.
A promotional image for The Secret WorldNow, it’s not as revolutionary as Guild Wars 2 by any stretch of the imagination. But it’s definitely not another World of Warcraft clone, either.
No leveling — sort of:
Funcom, the developer of TSW, sets great store by the notion that its game does not have leveling, but this is somewhat misleading. It doesn’t have leveling in the traditional sense, but you still need to get experience to acquire new skills.
The interesting thing about this, though, is that The Secret World doesn’t have classes. The game’s 500+ skills — including everything from melee abilities, to gun skills, to blood magic — are all available to every character, and there’s no limit to how many you can acquire. You can only equip fourteen skills at a time (seven active and seven passive), but you can swap out those skills easily. Theoretically, this system should make for almost unlimited customization.
I’ve played enough RPGs to know there’s also the risk there could be just a handful of viable builds and a legion of newbs running around with horrible hybrid specs. Still, if it delivers on its promise, it will be a truly awesome way to construct a character.
Supposedly, the lack of leveling will also mean that 100% of the game’s content can be accessed almost immediately after character creation, though the harder stuff may require some very careful ability builds. Colour me skeptical, but it’s a nice dream.
No more dragons:
I’m about the biggest high fantasy fan you’re ever going to meet. I simply adore Elves, Dragons, ancient kingdoms, and the stories around them. But even I feel a bit of fatigue with the high fantasy obsession the MMO genre has, especially when most games aren’t even very original with their high fantasy settings (DragonsDragonsDragonsDragons…).
Not your average fantasy MMOSo it’s interesting to me that The Secret World tosses aside high fantasy for an urban fantasy/horror hybrid story set in our own world and time. The concept of TSW is that every myth, every urban legend, every conspiracy theory ever conceived is true, and they all fit together in a secret war between hidden cabals and societies. Instead of the usual demons and Dragons, enemies are things like zombies and Lovecraft-inspired nightmare beasts.
Except the Dragons:
The Secret World also puts aside the traditional two faction system for a trio of playable secret societies: the noble but overzealous Templar, the ruthless and power-hungry Illuminati, and the enigmatic and unpredictable Dragons. These are based out of London, New York, and Seoul, respectively.
The three playable factions of The Secret World: the Illuminati, the Templar, and the DragonsThe traditional faction model is further altered by the fact that factions are only kept separate in PvP. If you’re a PvE Templar player, you can still interact and group with Illuminati and Dragon players.
All I can say is: thank you, Grilled Cheesus! As someone who loves WoW’s Horde races but whose in-game friends mostly play Alliance, I have developed a passionate dislike for the concept of segregated factions in MMOs. I mean, isn’t the entire concept of MMOs about bringing people together and letting you play with your friends? Grumble, mumble…
Firstly, Funcom is best known for being the developer of Age of Conan: Hyborian Adventures. We all know how well that turned out. But hey, one mistake doesn’t mean they’re inevitably doomed to failure, right?
Then there’s its business model. It has both a subscription fee and a cash shop, though the shop will supposedly offer only cosmetic items. Nevertheless, this is enough to drive a lot of people off — despite the fact its the same model used by the gold standard for MMOs, World of Warcraft.
He's not sure about the game, eitherI’m a bit weird in that the subscription part is what’s more likely to drive me off. I simply don’t have the disposal income nor the patience to juggle two subscription MMOs at once, and no matter how burnt out on WoW I feel right now, I’m definitely not likely to give up on it any time soon.
Still, I’ll at least try The Secret World once its inevitable free trial is available, and if it ever goes free to play — and, let’s face it, it will — maybe I’ll play it more seriously. If nothing else, its stirred my curiosity as a semi-pro video game journalist.
We’ll know more in June, when the game goes live.
WoW news: Wrathion recap
You may remember me raging several months ago about missing out on the lore of the Fangs of the Father legendary chain. My rage was somewhat lessened when I learned I could complete about half the chain, but I was still disappointed I’d miss out on the last half.
But now, Blizzard has tossed lore fans everywhere a bone. They have put a series of videos detailing the entire story of Wrathion and the Fangs of the Father, including all major cinematics and conversations from the chain, as well as all-new narration from Wrathion. For a lore fan like me, this is pure distilled awesomesauce.
Thank you, Blizz.
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Format upload files
Learn how to create and format CSV import files.
This article provides some tips on creating and formatting the files you upload to Analytics. These files must be formatted correctly or upload errors may occur.
In this article:
General considerations
1. The data files must be uploaded in CSV (comma separated values) format.
2. The CSV file's header must exactly match the target Data Set's schema. The order of the columns must be the same as that specified in the schema, and all column names must be use the internal ga. dimension or metric name, not the display name. (E.g., ga:source, not Source.)
3. The uploaded data must be correctly formatted. See below for details.
Create the upload file
While you are free to use any method that works for you, there are two simple ways to create an upload file: using a text editor or using a spreadsheet application. No matter how you create the file, you'll need the Data Set schema in order to create the upload file header.
Get the schema
You can copy or download a Data Set's schema by editing the Data Set and clicking the Get schema button.
How to get the Data Set schema:
1. Sign in to Google Analytics.
2. Click Admin, and navigate to the property to which you want to upload data.
3. In the PROPERTY column, select the property that contains the Data Set that will hold your data.
4. Click Data Import.
5. Click the target Data Set's Name link.
6. Click the Get schema button (near the bottom of the page). This will display the dialog shown below.
Use a text editor
To create your upload file using a text editor, simply copy and paste the schema into the first line of a new file. You can then add your data, one record per row, under this header.
Be sure your editor creates plain text files. Rich text editors, such as Microsoft Word, should not be used unless you explicitly save your files as plain text (.txt). Rich text format contains additional formatting and control characters that will likely cause import errors.
Use a spreadsheet
To use a spreadsheet for your upload data, follow the steps above to get the Data Set schema. Then click the Download schema template button. This will place the schema headers in your Downloads directory. You can then open the schema in your favorite spreadsheet. Use the spreadsheet's Import function to bring in data you want to upload. When your file is ready for upload, use the Save As or Export function of your spreadsheet program and choose CSV as the output format.
Format the upload data
Data Import expects each line in your upload file to contain information about a single hit. The individual dimensions and metrics that make up that hit are separated from each other by commas. Each line in the file ends with a line break. If there are commas within the actual data you want to upload, that data must be surrounded by quotes. Probably the most common cause of content errors is improper use of commas, quote marks and line break characters in the uploaded data, so understanding how Data Import handles these can save you trouble down the road.
By definition, a CSV file uses commas to begin a new cell. In other words, when Data Import sees an unescaped comma, it assumes you are starting a new column entry. The example below shows properly formatted data:
In this case, Data Import sees four columns of data:
abc123 29.99 Blue XXL
def345 100 Red M
ghi678 1035.20 Green S
But what happens if we add an extra comma to the data, for example, by formatting the numeric column as currency (by adding a comma to mark the thousands position, like this?
Now, due to the extra comma, when you try to upload this file Data Import sees five columns, producing an upload table that looks like this:
abc123 29.99 Blue XXL
def345 100 Red M
ghi678 1 035.20 Green S
This will produce an error, such as the following:
“Error: column count does not match"
Double quote marks can be used to "escape" a cell's value. Typically, you would surround a cell's value with quotes if the value contains a comma. Otherwise, Data Import will interpret the comma as the start of a new cell (see above).
The value "1,035.20" will be treated as a single cell (however, Data Import will see it as a string, not a currency value).
When escaping a cell with quotes, the number of quotes must be balanced. If there is an odd number of quote marks in a given row, the import will fail with a message such as:
“Error: Invalid CSV format at row x.”
Line breaks
Line breaks within a CSV file are used to indicate the start of a new row. Data Import does not support line breaks within cells even if these are escaped by quotes. Extra line breaks within a row will cause an error in the number of columns in either that row or one of the following rows, producing an error message such as:
"Error: invalid CSV row format"
Next steps
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Submit your articles for the next Carnival!
Edited 2/6 to add that the submission form appears to either be broken, or (more likely) our overzealous-uncontrollable spam filters are refusing to forward any submissions. Please put your contributions in the comments below, or send them directly to:
mkoetz1 (then the @ sign then) naz.edu
The Carnival is coming! Yes, we’re hosting the 26th Carnival of Mathematics on February 8 (the day after e-day!) right here on 360.
To submit, you can fill out the form here, post a comment below, or send email to us at [email protected] (okay, that’s not the actual address, since no one wants any more spam, but as in the previous couple carnival posts you can figure out the actual address by “subtracting 1” from each letter — keep the number the same — and getting rid of the one extra letter at the end that should be obvious). Please put “Carnival” or something similar in the subject line for easy identification.
We’re looking forward to celebrating the completion of a full year of the Carnival!
2 Responses to “Submit your articles for the next Carnival!”
1. Mike Says:
The carnival submission form doesn’t like my blog much so I always have to make submissions via comments. I’d like to submit the following please
“Music from Mathematical constants”
It follows on from your recent post concerning musical Pi.
2. Brent Says:
Here’s my submission!
Recounting the Rationals, part IV
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Skip to content
Competition Update
March 22, 2009
Alex, Training for Life’s Lead Instructor, recently won the Blockhead competition at Shooter’s Choice. The purpose of the Blockhead competition is to make the smallest group possible at 7 yards using a fully loaded handgun. Alex used a Smith & Wesson Model 18-4 .22 revolver to shoot a 6-shot group measuring only 0.6”, the smallest since the Blockhead competition began.
Also, two videos from the Greenville Gun Club‘s March IDPA match have been added:
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21296
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An Ethiopian Journal
Posts Tagged ‘Ancient Ethiopian Civilization
Ethiopia and the Origin of Civilization
leave a comment »
A Critical Review of the Evidence of Archaeology, Anthropology, History and Comparative Religion: According to the Most Reliable Sources and Authorities
By John G. Jackson (1939)
“It is pretty well settled that the city is the Negro’s great contribution to civilization, for it was in Africa where the first cities grew up.” E. Haldeman-Julius
“The accident of the predominance of white men in modern times should not give us supercilious ideas about color or persuade us to listen to superficial theories about the innate superiority of the white-skinned man. Four thousand years ago, when civilization was already one or two thousand years old, white men were just a bunch of semi-savages on the outskirts of the civilized world. If there had been anthropologists in Crete, Egypt, and Babylonia, they would have pronounced the white race obviously inferior, and might have discoursed learnedly on the superior germ-plasm or glands of colored folk.” Joseph McCabe
The late Professor George A. Dorsey noted that “H. G. Wells’ heart beats faster in nearly every chapter of his Outline of History, because he cannot forget that he is Nordic, Aryan,
English British, white, civilized.” (Why We Behave Like Human Beings, p. 40.) This patriotic zeal of Mr. Wells’ has, in truth, caused him to suppress certain facts that do not
between Colchis (the country to the south of the Caucasus) and prehistoric Egypt. Herodotus remarked upon a series of resemblances between the Colchians and the
Egypt and Syria, Vol. I. pp. 80-81.) After discussing the civilizations of Egypt, Babylonia and India, Wells had already referred to them as a “triple system of white man
quote the above passage from Herodotus.
in a rational manner before proceeding further.
The early scientific classifications of the varieties of the human species were geographical in nature. The celebrated naturalist, Linneaus (1708-1778), for instance, listed four races, according to continent, namely: (1) European (white), (2) African (black), (3) Asiatic (yellow), and (4) American (red). Blumenback, in 1775, added a fifth type, the Ocieanic or brown race. This classification is still used in some grammar school Geographies, where the races of man are tabulated as: Ethiopian (black), Caucasian (white), American (red), Mongolian (yellow) and Malayan (brown). During the year 1 800, the French naturalist, Cuvier, announced the hypothesis that all ethnic types were traceable to Ham, Chem and Japhet, the three sons of Noah. After that date race classification developed into an amazing contest; a struggle which still rages. By 1873, Haeckel had found no less than twelve distinct races of mankind; and to show the indefatigable nature of his researches, he annexed twenty-two more races a few years later, bringing the grand total of human types up to thirty-four. Deniker, in 1900, presented to the world a very imposing system of race classification. He conceived of the human species existing in the form of six grand divisions, seventeen divisions and twenty-nine races. And despite all this industry among anthropologists, ethnologists and the like, there is yet no agreement on the classification of races. Where one anthropologist finds three racial types, another can spot thirty-three without the least difficulty.
that man was at first very dark of skin, woolly-haired and flat-nosed, and, as he wandered into different climates, the branches of the race diverged and developed their characteristics.” (Key to Culture, No. 11, p. 10.)
by Professor George A. Dorsey:
Open your atlas to a map of the world. Look at the Indian Ocean: on the west, Africa; on the north, the three great southern peninsulas of Asia: on the east, a chain of great islands terminating in Australia. Wherever that Indian Ocean touches land, it finds dark-skinned people with strongly
developed jaws, relatively long arms and kinky or frizzly hair. Call that the Indian Ocean or Negroid division of the human race.
Now look at the Pacific Ocean: on one side, the two Americas; on the other, Asia. (Geographically, Europe is a tail to the Asiatic kite.) The aboriginal population of the Americas and of Asia north of its southern peninsula was a light-skinned people with straight hair, relatively short arms, and a face without prominent jaws. Call that the Pacific Ocean or Mongoloid division. (Why We Behave Like Human Beings, pp. 44-45.)
scheme of race classification.
sending the father to bed when a child is born, known as Couvade, (3) the practice of Massage, (4) the making of Mummies, (5) Megalithic monuments (i.e. Stonehenge), (6)
London, 1915.)
worship of the gods, and who established laws.” The vestiges of this early civilization have been found in Nubia, the Egyptian Sudan, West Africa, Egypt, Mashonaland, India,
p. 192.)
Quite a few Egyptologists have defended the idea that the ancient Egyptians
does not exist for real students. Anyone familiar with the works of G. Elliot Smith, W. J. Perry, Sir Godfrey Higgins, Dr. H.R. Hall, Sir Henry Rawlinson, John D. Baldwin,
identity between the two alphabets.
brothers, while from the former sprang Nimrod (Babylonia.)
undoubtedly Cushite or Ethiopian, belonging to that stock of tongues
Semitic languages, but of which we have probably the purest modern
remember the Greek tradition both of Cepheus and Memnon, which
Professor George Rawlinson, with essays and notes by Sir Henry
Rawlinson and Sir J. G. Wilkinson.)
the whole south coast of the Arabian peninsula.”
reaping season; stars of the lamb, stars of the two kids, those under which these precious animals were brought forth. … Thus the same Ethiopian having observed that the return of the inundation always corresponded with the rising of a beautiful star which appeared towards the source of the
of his illustrious predecessor. That the earliest Egyptians were African Ethiopians
rational in discussing this point:
No people have bequeathed to us so many memorials of its form complexion and physiognomy as the Egyptians. … If we were left to form an opinion on the subject by the description of the Egyptians left by the Greek writers we should conclude that they were, if not Negroes, at least
home (perhaps the Indus valley) that we suppose for them that their culture developed. . . On the way they left the seeds of their culture in Elam. . . . There is little doubt that India
seen from the following excerpt:
The early Aryan literature of India, the Hymns of the Rigveda, which, it is commonly agreed, date from about 1,000 B.C., speak of the people whom the proud Aryan invaders found in India as black-skinned barbarians, Dasas or slaves. But Aryan pride of race has received something of a shock from archaeological investigations carried out by Sir John Marshall and, more recently, by Dr. E. Mackay in the valley of the Indus. Here ample evidence has been found of a race whose complex civilization and high culture were equal, and in some respects superior to those of early Mesopotamia and Egypt.
These Asiatic black men were not confined to the mainland, for we are informed by no less an authority than Sir Harry H. Johnston, that:
In former times this Asiatic Negro spread, we can scarcely explain how, unless the land connections of those days were more extended, through Eastern Australia to Tasmania, and from the Solomon Island to New Caledonia and even New Zealand, to Fiji and Hawaii. The Negroid element in Burma and Annam is, therefore, easily to be explained by supposing that in ancient times Southern Asia had a Negro population ranging from the Persian Gulf to Indo-China and the Malay Archipelago.
(See An Introduction to African Civilizations, by Willis N. Huggins. Ph.D. and John G. Jackson, pp. 188-190, New York, 1937.)
IV, New York, 1927.)
1. African works in American Indian languages.
Negro faces on their surfaces.
ancestor being known as the Totem. There are numerous definitions of
in our political organizations; for example, the Democratic DONKEY and
the republican ELEPHANT. Baseball clubs present an even better example
Weiner’s theories have not been kindly received by his colleagues.
Professor H. J. Spinden sneers sarcastically in the following condensed
“Professor Weiner solves the riddle of old American civilizations with an Arabico-Mandingo lexicon and derives everything of importance in the New World from the highly civilized coast of
Gambia and Sierra Leone. From brightest Africa came the principal American food plants, the Mayan calendar and the Mexican religion. It may be added that Professor Weiner swarms
his Negroes across the Atlantic in no less than fifty voyages before Columbus.”
The Indian was not the original American. Professor Ales Hrdlicka of the Smithsonian Institution, as authority on the Amerinds, contends that the ancestors of the Indians came from Asia via Bering Strait 10,000 years ago. American civilization is older than that. The ruins of Tiahuanaco, in Bolivia, according to Dr. Rudolph Muller, a noted German astronomer, are between 10,000 and 14,000 years old. The remains of this ancient city show that it was inhabited by a highly civilized people. (See an article entitled “The
Oldest City in the World,” by A. H. Verrill, in the N. Y. Herald-Tribune Magazine, July 31, 1932.) Excavations in Mexico have produced equally startling results. Dr. Maximus Neumayer, a distinguished Brazilian archaeologist, in cooperation with a group of Mexican archaeologists, has made a very thorough study of the pyramids and monuments in the vicinity of Mexico City. He estimates the monument of Cuicuilco to be about 13,000 years old. An interesting feature of this structure is that it resembles the Assyrio-Babylonian type of architecture, bearing a striking resemblance to the Tower of Babel as it has been restored by the Assyriologists. Dr. Neumayer also examined the pyramids of Teotihuacan, which he estimates to be 4,500 years of age. He thinks that these pyramids were built by a people akin to the Egyptians; and from their arrangement, suggests that they form a sort of model of the solar system, with a pedestal in the center, representing the sun. We must also mention the discoveries of Professor Ramon Mena, Curator of the Department of Archaeology of the Mexican Government. This scientist explored the ruins of the great city of Palenque, and concluded that the ancient metropolis was built over 10,000 years ago. He also found that the inhabitants of the city were familiar with the manufacture and use of Stucco. The celebrated French archaeologist, Desiree Charnay, unearthed statues around Mexico City, more than fifty years ago, with faces showing Negroid features. Pictures of some of them may be seen in Ignatius Donelley’s Atlantis, pp. 174-175. Donnelly also has illustrations of two similar statues, one from Palenque and the other from Vera Cruz. Finding that the Indians show both Mongoloid and Negroid ethnic traces, Charnay justly concluded that the Amerinds were a mixed race of both Asiatic and African ancestry. (See The Ancient Cities of the New World, by Desiree Charnay.) We have perfectly reliable proof of the presence of men of the Ethiopian race in pre-Columbian America. Father Roman, one of he first Catholic missionaries to arrive in the New World, records that a tribe of black men came from the south and landed in Haiti, and that they were armed with darts of guanin (a composition of gold, silver and copper), and were known as the black Guaninis. “These might have been the Negroes of Quareca, mentioned by Peter Martyr d Angleria, or some other American Negro nation,” asserts De Roo, “the like of which there were many, as we may see in Rafinesque’s Account of the Ancient Black Nations of America. Such are the Charruas of Brazil, the black Carabees of St. Vincent in the Gulf of Mexico, the Jamassi of Florida, the dark complexioned Californians who are perhaps the dark men mentioned in the Quiche traditions and by some old Spanish adventures. Such, again, is the tribe of which Balboa saw some representatives in his passage of the Isthmus of Darien in the year 1513. It would seem from the expressions made use of by Gomara, that these were Negroes.” {History of America Before Columbus, pp. 306-307, by P. De Roo, Philadelphia and London, 1900.) Spanish and Portugese explorers found colonies of black men on the eastern coasts of South and Central America, and in Yucatan and Nicaragua. De Roo quotes John T. Short, author of The North Americans of Antiquity, New York, 1880, on the similarity of African and American languages, as follows — “It is worthy of note that several eminent scholars have observed the remarkable similarity of grammatical structure between the Central American and certain transatlantic languages, especially the Basque and some of the languages of Western Africa.” {History of America Before Columbus, pp. 164-165.)
Most of us are familiar with the Mayan civilization of Yucatan and Central America, since American archaeologists have devoted many years of intensive research to these territories. Among the speculations concerning the origin of this culture, those of LePlongeon and Raquena are the most valuable. Professor Rafael Requena, a Venezuelan archaeologist, holds that there was once an island in the Atlantic Ocean, of continental dimensions, known to the ancients as Atlantis, that this island was settled by Egyptians, who in turn established colonies in America before the submergence of Atlantis. The findings of Professor Augustus LePlongeon are of great interest. This Franco-American archaeologist discovered the ruins of a palace in Chichen Itza in 1 874. He found in this structure, known as Prince Coh’s Palace, pictographs and inscriptions which he was able
to decipher. The story, as unraveled by LePlongeon, may be read by the student in Queen Moo and the Egyptian Sphinx, where the professor gives his interpretation of the inscriptions and reproductions of the pictographs. Mrs. LePlongeon’s work, Queen Moo’s Talisman, might also be consulted. The story runs roughly as follows:
About 1 1,000 years ago, two brothers Princes of Yucatan, sought the hand of the ruling monarch of the land, Queen Moo, in marriage. The brothers were named Coh and Aac, respectively. Prince Coh was the successful suitor; which so enraged Prince Aac that he stabbed his brother through the heart with a stone knife, which, needless to say, caused his death. Then Aac attempted to force Queen Moo to wed him. The Queen, rather than submit, decided to flee to Atlantis. On reaching the coast she learned that great earthquakes had submerged Atlantis beneath the sea; so she sailed for Africa instead, and ended her journey in Egypt. There she was hailed as Queen, and erected the Sphinx as a memorial to her slain husband.
The foregoing story sounds like a fable, but there is probably a core of fact in it. If the Sphinx, with its Ethiopian face, is a memorial to an ancient Mayan prince, it shows that the Mayas were of African origin.
Where flows the river Nile,
The queen found rest;
There once again her days
With peace were blessed.
Did Moo a giant Sphinx from
Out of the ground
Cause to arise, and
Thus Coh’s fame renew?
Did she immortalize
Her consort true?”
That Atlantis was connected with the history of ancient Ethiopia there can be little doubt. The Greek philosopher, Proclus, stated in his works that he could present evidence that Atlantis at one time actually existed. He cited as his authority The Ethiopian History of Marcellus. In referring to Ethiopian history to prove the existence of Atlantis, Proclus plainly infers that Atlantis was a part of Ethiopia. (See Cory’s Ancient Fragments of the Phoenician, Carthaginian, Babylonian, Egyptian and Other Authors, London, 1876. See also, Maynard Shipley’s New Light on Prehistoric Cultures and Bramwell’s Lost
Atlantis.) Although there is scientific evidence that an island of continental dimensions once existed in what is now the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, many students of the problem of Atlantis have located it in other parts of the globe, particularly in Central America and Africa. Count deProrok ways that Atlantis, in the dimness of antiquity, covered the region now occupied by the Sahara Desert. Kirchmaier placed it in South Africa and Froebenius in West Africa. In reviewing James Bramwell’s Lost Atlantis, Mr. Lewis Gannett states that: “The German anthropologist Frobenius definitely locates it in Nigeria, whose ancient civilization he relates to that of the Etruscans and the Assyrians.” {New York Herald-Tribune, Mar. 3, 1938.) Doctor Froebenius found ruins of palaces, terra cotta fragments and beautiful statuary in Jorubaland, a district in Nigeria between the Niger River and the Atlantic Ocean; and he heard among the Jorubians legends of an ancient royal city and its palace with walls of gold, which in the long ago had sunk beneath the waves. The German scholar, Eugen Georg, is a keen student of the Atlantis question, and the following remarks of his are worthy of our attention:
The new age that began after the disappearance of Atlantis was marked at first by the world-wide dominance of Ethiopian representatives of the black race. They were supreme in Africa and Asia . . . and they even infiltrated through Southern Europe. . . . During the present era — that is the last 10,000 years — the white race… has come to possess the world. According to the occult tradition, Semitic peoples developed wherever the immigrating white colonists from the north were subjugated by the black ruling class, and inter-mixture occurred, as in oldest Egypt, Chaldea,
121-122, New York, 1931.)
Where that original center of culture was is another story.
parts of Europe, which are adored by the faithful as representations of the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus, reveal the infant draped in white, but with face black and in the arms of a black mother. . . . How does it happen that the Virgin Mother of the Mexican Savior-God so closely resembled the Black Virgins of Egypt and Europe? Had they not all a common origin?” (Sex and The Garden of Eden Myth, pp. 50-51, by Maynard Shipley, Little Blue Book No. 1 188.)
Ethiopia: Escape to the Land of Origins
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The Brussels Times Magazine
Banned from the Bible: Canonical Gospels of the Ethiopian Church
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Published June 7 2015 – By Dalya Alberge
British archaeology team uncovers stunning Aksumite and Roman artefacts
Perfume flask found at the site.
Perfume flask found at the site.
Divine Ethiopia
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Source: (May 29th 2015 by Stanley Stewart)
Exploring Ethiopia by helicopter
The “New Jerusalem” of Ethiopia
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The imprints of Judaism run so deep in Ethiopia
Ethiopia: Ancient Settlement Discovered in the Highlands
with one comment
25 May 2011
An ancient settlement has been discovered in the Ethiopian highlands with the help of a special instrument used in geophysical surveys. The find will help tell the story of ancient indigenous cultures in the Horn of Africa and their exchange with nearby civilizations.
In early May, geophysicist Jorg Fassbinder from the Geophysics Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) in Munich and his colleague Margaret Schlosser of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI) took to a joint campaign.
Together, they surveyed the ground of a suspected settlement in the north-western Ethiopian highland region of Tigray, home to the town of Yeha believed to be a major centre of the Diamat Kingdom established around 700 BCE.
The team used a magnetometer to detect local anomalies in the geomagnetic field which could be indications of hidden objects beneath the subsurface including structural walls, graves, hearths and refuse pits. Such technology has been used only rarely in countries near the equator, however, as the magnetic field lines here run parallel to the Earth’s surface making it difficult to identify buried archaeological structures. Magnetometers are particularly useful, however, as non-evasive, non-destructive tools.
“The new evaluation method developed by Fassbinder’s research team was successful,” said the on-sight excavation director Pawel Wolf. “With the first test excavations, stone walls, burial sites and local waste items like animal bones and pottery shards were found dating back to different eras. Among them were also ceramic shards with characteristics from the Ethio-Sabaean Period dating back to the first millennium BCE.”
2008 discovery
In 2008, Ethiopian archaeologists made the astonishing discovery of a perfectly preserved sacrificial altar in neighbouring Meqaber Ga’ewa, a previously unknown location near the city of Wuqro. The altar bore a remarkable royal inscription in Old South Arabian bearing the name Yeha, located about 80 km from the find.
According to Kebede Amare, head of the Tigray Cultural Department, this is the southernmost find believed to belong to the Diamat Kingdom. Located in present day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia, the civilization had sophisticated irrigation plans, made use of plows, grew millet and made iron tools and weapons.
Of particular importance to researchers, is whether the kingdom was comprised of indigenous peoples or a mix of indigenous peoples with the ancient Sabaeans who came to dominate the Red Sea.
Since very little archaeological research has been done on the Diamat Kingdom, the discovery of the royal inscription takes on special importance. According to Norbert Nebes of the University of Jena, the royal inscription is the first such recorded evidence of the ancient town of Yeha.
Since 2008, DAI archaeologists have excavated not only a temple dedicated to the Sabaean moon god Almaqah in Meqaber Ga’ewa, they’ve discovered additional sites of a previously unknown settlement from this important historical period. In Ziban Adi, one of the most promising sites uncovered, they excavated the foundation walls of another sanctuary atop a 3-meter high hill of ruins in 2010.
Countless pottery chards found in the surrounding grain fields suggest an intensive settlement was located around the ancient religious building. For the archaeologists, who are concerned not only with the cultural influence of the South Arabian Kingdom of Saba in the Horn of Africa, but in the study of indigenous African cultures, the settlement’s discovery raises high hopes that the remains of a town from this period will eventually be discovered. Thus far, only a few archaeological sites are known.
This research is part of the German-Ethiopian scientific cooperation between the DAI’s Orient Department, the Tigray Cultural Agency and the University of Jena. The geophysical measurements are based on cooperation between the DAI and the LMU München.
Written by Tseday
May 25, 2011 at 1:13 pm
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Why Did Russians Attacked UFO ? It Wasn’t The Outcome We Wanted!
Before starting, I would like to say that we don’t know yet exaclty how many alien species are visiting our world.
Maybe some of them just gardeners, or they are observing our evolution like we are watching how worms are evolving.
The worst could be that if Russians shot down friendly aliens this might be turn for humanity’s destruction.
Declassified CIA report claims that, russian soldiers are zapped by aliens after they attacked by surface to air missile.
Source: Corsair TR
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Paul Nelson's Likes (@photochopaul) | Unsplash Photo Community
Paul Nelson
Married with children. I play in a band called Shadow in the Mirror and I enjoy photoshop, mextures and apparently taking pictures of trees and other things that I find picture worthy. Good day to u!
Make something awesome
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Monday, 17 July 2017
A Response to The Truth About Maleficent
Once again I indulged myself into another one of Stefan Molyneux' 'The Truth About' series in regards to the movie Maleficent because apparently people think my bewilderment on Twitter about these videos is funny. Long story short: this man should not be allowed near movies because holy crap. In The Truth About Frozen there's an obvious undercurrent of his disdain for these women, in The Truth About Maleficent he goes into outright rape apologia and takes personal jabs at Angelina Jolie. Hence, I'm less patient with him than last time.
Note that this movie has a main character named Stefan, so to differentiate him from the maker of this video I will refer to this character as "King Stefan" or variations thereof and I will refer to Stefan Molyneux mostly as "Molyneux".
And of course, there will be spoilers for Maleficent.
The Spindle of a Spinning Wheel
Or A Response to Stefan Molyneux' The Truth About Maleficent
Full text [Here]
1. Introduction
Whereas I think Frozen is a good movie that has flaws, I think Maleficent is a bad movie with enjoyable aspects. It's obvious Angelina Jolie (Maleficent) and Sam Riley (Diaval) had fun with the roles and it absolutely shows. Their scenes are often delightful. Where it turns me off is that, rather than just turning Maleficent into a more complex character with deeper motivations than mere pettiness, it turns her into an outright hero who was just having a particularly bad day when she cursed princess Aurora. It was really King Stefan, a benevolent character in the original movie, who is now the true villain. Here we have the most iconic villain in the Disney animated canon (depending on where you stand with Fantasia's Chernabog) who even has a name that sounds like an alternative spelling of "malevolent", but somehow she was actually good all along. Those parents must have really hated their child when they named her.
In the end, Maleficent is not a more modernized remake of Sleeping Beauty. It's a completely different story that only really shares its basic characters and the cursing scene with its original incarnation. Then the movie ends by confirming this is the real story because the narrator is revealed to have been Aurora: a character not born for roughly half the movie, and asleep for a portion of the latter half.
After having done Frozen, it was interesting to me how Molyneux would react to Maleficent. As I said last time: Stefan dislikes representations of the state and he disproportionately blames female characters for slights he either imagines or unfairly subscribes to them. Whereas in Frozen those two aspects were centralized into a single person, namely Queen Elsa of Arendelle, here we have a situation where it's a woman, Maleficent, against a kingdom.
Unsurprisingly, he still shifts blame primarily to the female characters, but this time he somehow almost completely absolves the male characters. Because when a male villain does something despicable, it's either not actually despicable, or it's the writers inserting "[0:52] Nazi-levels of anti-male propaganda". Yes, really.
He then ends it by chastising women for demonizing men, including a graphic of how children are harmed when there's no father figure present in the life of a child. This might all be true in a real life context, but it's once again Molyneux being offended because he's reading his own conspiracy theories into a Disney fairy tale movie that happens to be about a man that grievously harmed a woman. Yes, both kings in the movie are shown to be overly ambitious monsters, but just like in Frozen, it is not maleness that is vilified, but reckless ambition. By contrast Frozen's Kristoff might be anti-social and cynical about people, but he's also a hard worker who understands sacrifice and has a deep moral center. He might not have a beard but he's nonetheless manly. Diaval in Maleficent leans closer to a pretty boy stereotype thanks to being portrayed by Sam Riley and his raven features giving him more of a goth look, but he's nevertheless a man with a deep moral center. Apparently it's the beard that's the defining characteristic of being male.
2. Oh, Magic is no Longer Madness
Oddly missing is his previous assertion that all magic in all of fiction is always a metaphor for madness. This despite the fact that the movie is about a young boy who enters a magic kingdom where mankind isn't allowed to go, befriends a fairy who he then betrays, and later actually goes completely mad with paranoia attempting to kill that fairy who threatens his power.
From this lens where magic is always madness, it can thus be argued that Maleficent herself is not real, but merely a metaphor for King Stefan's growing insanity and paranoia as he gains and then tries to protect his political power, projected onto an external tormentor. Not really of course, it's just telling that Molyneux foregoes his own framework fully because otherwise he couldn't be blaming women for being everything wrong with the world.
Last time when Queen Elsa's accidental ice powers got out of control and she exiled herself to keep her subjects safe, Molyneux deemed her a mad queen who would subject the kingdom to tyranny. When King Stefan actually does go insane for 16 years and redirects all his kingdom's wealth into a war with a woman he himself mutilated for personal gain ... well, it's her fault because she demanded he give back a gemstone he stole as a child.
The further absence of this argument is interesting in that there is a dichotomy of good and evil (mad) magic in the movie itself. When Maleficent is using benevolent magic, such as when healing trees, her magic is a golden yellow. When she's using malevolent magic, most notably when she casts the curse, it's green. The difference between the two is most clear when Maleficent tries and fails to undo her own curse before it comes to pass. The scene shows her benevolent magic clashing with the malevolent curse. Hence the color of her magic is a rather convenient method of telling what state of mind Maleficent is in. Humorously enough the color of her magic is also golden-yellow when she's merely playing pranks on the three fairies.
Maleficent, when in a state of destructive anti-societal anger, or in other words 'mad', is conveniently color coded green. The fact that there's a difference between the two types of magic is however evidence that magic is not always and forever a metaphor for madness, as one type is clearly based around benevolence and healing.
3. Protecting Your Property is Theft
[1:23] This interaction is completely insane – and immoral. A starving boy picks up an unowned gem so that he can eat, we assume, and the little witch takes it – just to throw it away. She does not offer him food, or gold, or anything else - she just takes away his treasure and trashes it. Can you imagine meeting a starving, orphaned child who is about to eat a banana, ripping that banana out of his hands, and grinding it underfoot? [24:24] However, it seems to have crossed no one’s mind but mine that Maleficent did the boy an enormous wrong, and sent him down a very dark path through her imperious theft.
The future King Stefan enters a land his kingdom is explicitly at war with, only to rob its precious stones. It's never mentioned that he's starving, only that he's poor and intends to move up in the world, which he does in spite of not having stolen the gem. However Maleficent is somehow in the wrong because she didn't allow an invader to steal from her land and returned the gem to where it came from. Not to mention young King Stefan got a powerful sorceress as his best friend out of the deal. A relationship which he then squanders for personal gain until he once again needs her.
The very fact that he stole a gem and not food shows in the narrative sense that it was greed, not hunger, that inspired him to steal. Compare to the movie Aladdin (1992) where the titular character steals a loaf of bread, but then gives it to other hungry children in spite of his own needs. This shows Aladdin is a moral character despite being a thief who puts the needs of others before his own and only steals what he needs to survive. By contrast King Stefan already starts out in a more gray area because he sought riches in a place he wasn't even supposed to go. Maleficent only "throws the gem away" in the sense that there's no visible treasury the boy took it from because this is fairyland.
The fact that it crossed no one's mind but Molyneux' that this is an enormous wrong on Maleficent's part is that it's an insane conclusion to begin with. Once again Molyneux places disproportionate blame on women for slights only he imagines.
[1:55] Also, I don’t know if you have been to a mall lately, but if I recall rightly, women don’t seem to be particularly partial to taking expensive gems, and throwing them in a river. It is women who are responsible for the rape of the earth called diamond, mineral and gold-mining – not men. Angelina Jolie had a quarter of a million dollar engagement ring made for her, for a year, by Brad Pitt.
What amazes me about this bit is that it's so obviously a lie just to take another jab at women in general and Angelina Jolie in particular. It's not like we're mining the Earth exclusively to provide women with jewelry. What are all your fancy electronics made of? If you haven't upgraded to electric yet, where does the fuel in your car come from? 80 percent of mined diamonds are unsuitable for jewelry and is instead used industrially anyway. Only half of newly produced gold is put into jewelry. What a brazen lie or profound ignorance to pretend we only maintain the mining industry to provide women with precious jewelry.
However it seems Molyneux can't decide which one is the moral position here. Was King Stefan raping the Earth by taking the gem or was Maleficent doing the boy an enormous wrong for taking the gem back? Are we supposed to show women how they should react 'morally' or are we supposed to show them as they really are according to Molyneux? What exactly are we supposed to take away from his contradictory statements? He just places contradictory standards upon fictional women which they can never meet.
4. Being Raped is the Woman's Fault
[10:37] Taking advantage of their former friendship, Stefan drugs Maleficent, but finds he cannot bring himself to kill her, and so instead burns off her wings with iron – a substance deadly to fairies – and returns them to the king as proof of his victory. It is essential to remember that, on the King’s orders, someone from the castle is going to kill Maleficent – Stefan in fact actually saves her life by only taking her wings.
Molyneux takes it as a given that someone is definitely going to kill Maleficent, a powerful sorceress and protector of a magic kingdom who was just seen demolishing the king's invading army with ease. The fact that the future King Stefan was the only person Maleficent would even allow near the Moors to betray her trust in the first place is apparently an irrelevance. No, she should be grateful he merely drugged and mutilated her for his own benefit.
It's a running trend that when Molyneux calls something a "jaw-dropping sequence" or something similar, that usually means he's working overtime misinterpreting the events that are happening on the screen to fit his biases. So better prepare yourselves because we're now truly going off the deep end.
[11:04] Next comes the most important moral dichotomy in the movie. Immediately after Stefan effectively saves Maleficent’s life by taking her wings, Maleficent comes across a crow in a net about to be beaten to death by a farmer, who is tired of the crow eating his seeds. Maleficent turns him into a man – thus taking his wings! [11:40] Maleficent replies, “Would you rather I let them beat you to death?”. Diaval mournfully regards his missing wings, and then replies, “I’m not certain.” Maleficent says scornfully, “Stop complaining! I saved your life!” Diaval lowers his eyes and murmurs, “Forgive me… In return for saving my life, I am your servant.” I am so susceptible to propaganda that I did not even notice this until watching the movie for the second time, but it is truly a jaw-dropping sequence.
These two events are apparently equal to Molyneux:
1. An overly-ambitious man betrays the trust of the woman who loves him by drugging her and painfully burning off her wings, and visibly contemplated killing her outright, forcing her to have to relearn how to walk because she no longer carries her wings as ballast.
2. A woman saves a raven from death by turning him into an intelligent shapeshifter.
The next line after Diaval says "I am your servant. Whatever you need." is "Wings, I need you to be my wings". So Maleficent did not in fact take his wings, as made abundantly clear by the one line Molyneux omitted from his reproduction of the script. She needed him to be her wings. As shown on screen when 4 seconds later he transforms back into a raven and flies off. How is this in any way, shape or form supposed to be a moral equivalent? What was done to Maleficent was clearly an act of mutilation, whereas what was done to Diaval was an act of empowerment, which is also why she told him to stop complaining: he didn't lose anything in the first place!
[14:52] Watching the movie, I understood that Maleficent’s “wings” were a metaphor for her breasts, and watching Angelina Jolie – who recently underwent a double mastectomy – awaken from a drugged sleep and howl in agony at the surgical removal of her “wings" made me pretty uncomfortable. I prefer a bit more acting in my movies.
Seriously, what is wrong with this guy? Not only is he making up once again what is a metaphor for what, but he's using it as a personal attack on Angelina Jolie for having underwent a preventative medical procedure. What. The. Hell! It doesn't even make sense as the story would have certainly been written long before Jolie underwent the procedure in 2013. Even if Jolie brought some of those emotions to the forefront during these scenes, why in the world would Stefan then take a jab at her for that? She's still acting! They didn't film her waking up from a mastectomy and then CGI'd a fairy tale landscape around her! God.
At the end of the video, he does confirm that it's an 'interpretation' that the mutilation scene is analogous to rape, however not only does he fail to mention that this was actually the intention of the scene by the filmmakers themselves and not just an interpretation, he also dismisses it.
In other words ... Maleficent's rape was justified. Young King Stefan trespasses into a place where he's not supposed to be, steals a gem that doesn't belong to him and gets caught by Maleficent, who demands he gives it back. To Molyneux this somehow means she stole the gem and that she's now fair game to be raped. Absolutely incredible.
He's not even correct that this event is the reason why the future King Stefan has to go work in the castle. His intentions were to get there from the start. We know this because he tells Maleficent when they first meet. His greed was always there, it was just more subdued in his childhood.
5. Metaphors are a Metaphor for Metaphors.
[15:42] If we understand that Maleficent is the King’s mistress who gives birth to a child, the rest of the movie makes a whole lot more sense.
And this is why I feel this man is unfit to analyse media of this kind. He's absolutely incapable of interpreting the events on screen and instead goes into rewriting the script under the guise of explaining "the truth" so that he can spin his moral outrage into it later. Somehow the child of the king and queen is actually the bastard backup child of the king and Maleficent in case the queen proves infertile ... which she isn't because she just gave birth to this very child. Evidently Molyneux is petty enough to use the character Maleficent to mock Angelina Jolie for having a mastectomy but the idea that she could love children she didn't give birth to is too unbelievable.
That's about all I can take from this madness, however there's one last bit I want to include to show just how far he takes all this made-up nonsense.
[18:18] Historically, a spinning wheel was a dowry present for a woman getting married, so this curse is basically for Aurora to die giving birth to a child when she is 16. ("Prick" is slang for “penis,” of course; a finger is a metaphor for a penis, which enters the woman on her wedding night and makes her bleed.) [18:57] So the curse means a continuation of the sexual disasters and dysfunctions of the bloodline – Aurora will get pregnant, just as Maleficent got pregnant, and these disasters will just repeat, over and over again, because Aurora will never wake up to reality, to the truth, which is withheld from her.
Pure. Unadulterated. Fan fiction. If a woman weighs as much as a duck, she's made of wood and therefore a witch: a woman who was pregnant but never actually was pregnant curses a child who was born from a woman who couldn't get pregnant to die in childbirth while also never having been pregnant because the only man she ever knew growing up was a raven who lost his wings because of Maleficent despite being shown flying with his wings intact four seconds later. This is the truth about Maleficent and this is why women hate men because they grow up without father figures. Or something.
6. Conclusion
Just like last time there's a lot more to cover, but I feel I've hit on most of his basic points where it actually interjects with the movie. What I didn't cover is mostly a repeat of the same things he chastised Frozen for (such as Maleficent's supposed unearned expertise in magic, despite the film opening on her practicing it), manosphere talk regarding Maleficent's beta male tree guards and how Maleficent's value lies in how sexually attractive she is or isn't.
In the end this "philosophical review" is just another vehicle for Stefan Molyneux to project his own damage onto a movie. Unlike his review of Frozen however, this time he just completely lets his disdain for women snowball into personally attacking even the main actress. He doesn't actually unpack any truths, he's just feeding the portion of his audience that throws hissy fits on Twitter when a movie has a female protagonist using bile wrapped in pseudo-intellectual nonsense and an intentional misreading of the movie's scenes.
While I disagree with the direction they took with this movie, at its core Maleficent is a movie about an abused person who becomes an abuser herself. Certainly the filmmakers lacked the spine to then take the story to where it was supposed to go (an actual re-imagining of Sleeping Beauty), but that doesn't exactly make it a Nazi-level anti-male conspiracy just because the villain had a beard.
A Note on Spelling:
Last time someone asked me if spelling it "Molyneux'" (apostrophe, no s) rather than "Molyneux's" (apostrophe, with s) was a deliberate choice. My reason for doing so is that I would pronounce it "Molyneus", rather than "Molyneuxes".
Links & References
Stefan Molyneux - The Truth About Maleficent
Images from
- Maleficent (2014)
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Tag Archives: Fallout 3
So… Today is Monday, right?
I know, I know. I said I’d be back inside the Series Of Tubes™ on Monday, but I got delayed unavoidably. I’d like to tell you it was because of some kind of personal crisis or something. That would make for great drama and I’d get lovely wishes of things working out soon from regular readers… However, this is not what happened. What happened is Fallout 3. If it was legal (or indeed possible) to marry a video game, I would do so and polygamy laws be damned! I make no excuses, beyond the fact that until you’ve turned a Super Mutant from a rampaging green-skinned horror into a smoking pile of ash with the Firelance, you’ve never known true happiness.
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By Their Fruits, You Will Know Them . . .
A tree is identified by its fruit. If a tree is good, its fruit will be good. If a tree is bad, its fruit will be bad… whatever is in your heart determines what you say [and do.] A good person produces good things from the treasury of a good heart, and an evil person produces evil things from the treasury of an evil heart. (Matthew 12:33-35)
In the middle of any upheaval, it’s hard to figure out what is going on and what is motivating the participants. But it’s pretty easy to tell from hindsight. In the case of the current upheaval in Kenya, the fruit is particularly poisonous. Check out this video and its related news coverage.
My heart cries out to the Lord for the thousands of innocent families and children who have been tortured and murdered, or driven off their homes, farms, and communities. Lord deliver Kenya from the tyranny of truly evil men . . .
O LORD my God, in you I have taken shelter.
Deliver me from all who chase me! Rescue me!
Otherwise they will rip me to shreds like a lion;
they will tear me to bits and no one will be able to rescue me.
May the evil deeds of the wicked come to an end! But make the innocent secure, O righteous God, you who examine inner thoughts and motives! The Exalted God is my shield, the one who delivers the morally upright.
O righteous God, you who examine inner thoughts and motives! See the one who is pregnant with wickedness, who conceives destructive plans, and gives birth to harmful lies–he digs a pit and then falls into the hole he has made. He becomes the victim of his own destructive plans and the violence he intended for others falls on his own head. I will thank the LORD for his justice; I will sing praises to the sovereign LORD! (Psalm 7:1-2, 9-10, 14-17)
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The following section describes working with GridFS. It explains how the Mongo Management Studio is used for creating a GridFS collection, for adding and editing existing documents.
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21355
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A classic Norton motorcycle
1952 Lambretta 125 D scooter
A cruiser (front) and a sportbike (background)
A Ural motorcycle with a sidecar
French gendarme motorcyclist
Experimentation and invention[edit]
Replica of the Daimler-Maybach Reitwagen.
The inventors called their invention the Reitwagen ("riding car"), it was designed as an expedient testbed for their new engine, rather than a true prototype vehicle.[9][10]
Butler's Patent Velocycle
The first commercial design for a self-propelled cycle was a three-wheel design called the Butler Petrol Cycle, conceived of Edward Butler in England in 1884,[11] he exhibited his plans for the vehicle at the Stanley Cycle Show in London in 1884. The vehicle was built by the Merryweather Fire Engine company in Greenwich, in 1888.[12]
Many authorities have excluded steam powered, electric motorcycles or diesel-powered two-wheelers from the definition of a 'motorcycle', and credit the Daimler Reitwagen as the world's first motorcycle.[14][15][16] Given the rapid rise in use of electric motorcycles worldwide,[17] defining only internal-combustion powered two-wheelers as 'motorcycles' is increasingly problematic.
If a two-wheeled vehicle with steam propulsion is considered a motorcycle, then the first motorcycles built seem to be the French Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede which patent application was filled in December 1868,[9][10] constructed around the same time as the American Roper steam velocipede, built by Sylvester H. Roper Roxbury, Massachusetts.[9][10] who demonstrated his machine at fairs and circuses in the eastern U.S. in 1867,[7] Roper built about 10 steam cars and cycles from the 1860s until his death in 1896.[16]
Summary of early inventions[edit]
Year Vehicle Number of wheels Inventor Engine type Notes
1867–1868 Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede 2 Pierre Michaux
Louis-Guillaume Perreaux
• One made
1867–1868 Roper steam velocipede 2 Sylvester Roper Steam
• One made
1885 Daimler Reitwagen 2 (plus 2 outriggers) Gottlieb Daimler
Wilhelm Maybach
Petroleum internal-combustion
• One made
1894 Hildebrand & Wolfmüller 2 Heinrich Hidebrand
Wilhelm Hidebrand
Alois Wolfmüller
Petroleum internal-combustion
• Modern configuration
• First mass-produced motorcycle
• First machine to be called "motorcycle"
First motorcycle companies[edit]
Diagram of 1894 Hildebrand & Wolfmüller
In 1894, Hildebrand & Wolfmüller became the first series production motorcycle, and the first to be called a motorcycle (German: Motorrad).[9][10][16][18] Excelsior Motor Company, originally a bicycle manufacturing company based in Coventry, England, began production of their first motorcycle model in 1896. The first production motorcycle in the US was the Orient-Aster, built by Charles Metz in 1898 at his factory in Waltham, Massachusetts.
In the early period of motorcycle history, many producers of bicycles adapted their designs to accommodate the new internal combustion engine, as the engines became more powerful and designs outgrew the bicycle origins, the number of motorcycle producers increased. Many of the nineteenth century inventors who worked on early motorcycles often moved on to other inventions. Daimler and Roper, for example, both went on to develop automobiles.
At the turn of the 19th century the first major mass-production firms were set up; in 1898, Triumph Motorcycles in England began producing motorbikes, and by 1903 it was producing over 500 bikes. Other British firms were Royal Enfield, Norton and Birmingham Small Arms Company who began motorbike production in 1899, 1902 and 1910, respectively.[19] Indian began production in 1901 and Harley-Davidson was established two years later. By the outbreak of World War I, the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world was Indian,[20][21] producing over 20,000 bikes per year.[22]
First World War[edit]
The Model H in particular, is regarded by many as having been the first "modern motorcycle".[24] Introduced in 1915 it had a 550 cc side-valve four-stroke engine with a three-speed gearbox and belt transmission. It was so popular with its users that it was nicknamed the "Trusty Triumph."[25]
By 1920, Harley-Davidson was the largest manufacturer,[26] with their motorcycles being sold by dealers in 67 countries.[27][28] By the late 1920s or early 1930s, DKW in Germany took over as the largest manufacturer.[29][30][31]
Moto Guzzi produced competitive race machines, and by 1957 nearly all the Grand Prix races were being won by streamlined machines.[citation needed] The following year, 1958, full enclosure fairings were banned from racing by the FIM in the light of the safety concerns.
The MZ RT 125 is one of the most famous and built Motorcycles in the world
In the 21st century, the motorcycle industry is mainly dominated by the Chinese motorcycle industry and by Japanese motorcycle companies; in addition to the large capacity motorcycles, there is a large market in smaller capacity (less than 300 cc) motorcycles, mostly concentrated in Asian and African countries and produced in China and India. A Japanese example is the 1958 Honda Super Cub, which went on to become the biggest selling vehicle of all time, with its 60 millionth unit produced in April 2008.[35] Today, this area is dominated by mostly Indian companies with Hero MotoCorp emerging as the world's largest manufacturer of two wheelers, its Splendor model has sold more than 8.5 million to date.[36] Other major producers are Bajaj and TVS Motors.[37]
Technical aspects[edit]
A Suzuki GS500 with a clearly visible frame (painted silver).
Fuel economy[edit]
Motorcycle fuel economy varies greatly with engine displacement and riding style.[38] A streamlined, fully faired Matzu Matsuzawa Honda XL125 achieved 470 mpg‑US (0.50 L/100 km; 560 mpg‑imp) in the Craig Vetter Fuel Economy Challenge "on real highways – in real conditions."[39] Due to low engine displacements (100 cc–200 cc), and high power-to-mass ratios, motorcycles offer good fuel economy. Under conditions of fuel scarcity like 1950s Britain and modern developing nations, motorcycles claim large shares of the vehicle market.
Electric motorcycles[edit]
Very high fuel economy equivalents are often derived by electric motorcycles. Electric motorcycles are nearly silent, zero-emission electric motor-driven vehicles. Operating range and top speed are limited by battery technology.[40] Fuel cells and petroleum-electric hybrids are also under development to extend the range and improve performance of the electric drive system.
A 2013 survey of 4,424 readers of the US Consumer Reports magazine collected reliability data on 4,680 motorcycles purchased new from 2009 to 2012,[41] the most common problem areas were accessories, brakes, electrical (including starters, charging, ignition), and fuel systems, and the types of motorcycles with the greatest problems were touring, off-road/dual sport, sport-touring, and cruisers.[41] There were not enough sport bikes in the survey for a statistically significant conclusion, though the data hinted at reliability as good as cruisers,[41] these results may be partially explained by accessories including such equipment as fairings, luggage, and auxiliary lighting, which are frequently added to touring, adventure touring/dual sport and sport touring bikes.[42] Trouble with fuel systems is often the result of improper winter storage, and brake problems may also be due to poor maintenance.[41] Of the five brands with enough data to draw conclusions, Honda, Kawasaki and Yamaha were statistically tied, with 11 to 14% of those bikes in the survey experiencing major repairs.[41] Harley-Davidsons had a rate of 24%, while BMWs did worst, with 30% of those needing major repairs.[41] There were not enough Triumph and Suzuki motorcycles surveyed for a statistically sound conclusion, though it appeared Suzukis were as reliable as the other three Japanese brands while Triumphs were comparable to Harley-Davidson and BMW.[41] Three fourths of the repairs in the survey cost less than US$200 and two thirds of the motorcycles were repaired in less than two days;[41] in spite of their relatively worse reliability in this survey, Harley-Davidson and BMW owners showed the greatest owner satisfaction, and three fourths of them said they would buy the same bike again, followed by 72% of Honda owners and 60 to 63% of Kawasaki and Yamaha owners.[41]
Racing motorcycles leaning in a turn.
Different types of motorcycles have different dynamics and these play a role in how a motorcycle performs in given conditions, for example, one with a longer wheelbase provides the feeling of more stability by responding less to disturbances.[43] Motorcycle tyres have a large influence over handling.
Motorcycles must be leaned in order to make turns, this lean is induced by the method known as countersteering, in which the rider momentarily steers the handlebars in the direction opposite of the desired turn. This practice is counterintuitive and therefore often confusing to novices – and even many experienced motorcyclists.[44][45][46]
With such short wheelbase, motorcycles can generate enough torque at the rear wheel, and enough stopping force at the front wheel, to lift the opposite wheel off the road, these actions, if performed on purpose, are known as wheelies and stoppies (or endos) respectively.
Various features and accessories may be attached to a motorcycle either as OEM (factory-fitted) or aftermarket, such accessories are selected by the owner to enhance the motorcycle's appearance, safety, performance, or comfort, and may include anything from mobile electronics to sidecars and trailers.
Motorcycles have a higher rate of fatal accidents than automobiles or trucks and buses. United States Department of Transportation data for 2005 from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System show that for passenger cars, 18.62 fatal crashes occur per 100,000 registered vehicles. For motorcycles this figure is higher at 75.19 per 100,000 registered vehicles – four times higher than for cars.[47] The same data shows that 1.56 fatalities occur per 100 million vehicle miles travelled for passenger cars, whereas for motorcycles the figure is 43.47 which is 28 times higher than for cars (37 times more deaths per mile travelled in 2007).[6] Furthermore, for motorcycles the accident rates have increased significantly since the end of the 1990s, while the rates have dropped for passenger cars.
The most common configuration of motorcycle accidents in the United States is when a motorist pulls out or turns in front of a motorcyclist, violating their right-of-way,[48] this is sometimes called a SMIDSY, an acronym formed from the motorists' common response of "Sorry mate, I didn't see you".[49] Motorcyclists can anticipate and avoid some of these crashes with proper training, increasing their visibility to other traffic, keeping to the speed limits, and not consuming alcohol or other drugs before riding.[50]
The United Kingdom has several organisations dedicated to improving motorcycle safety by providing advanced rider training beyond what is necessary to pass the basic motorcycle licence test, these include the Institute of Advanced Motorists (IAM) and the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA). Along with increased personal safety, riders with these advanced qualifications may benefit from reduced insurance costs [51]
In South Africa, the Think Bike campaign is dedicated to increasing both motorcycle safety and the awareness of motorcycles on the country's roads, the campaign, while strongest in the Gauteng province, has representation in Western Cape, KwaZulu Natal and the Free State. It has dozens of trained marshals available for various events such as cycle races and is deeply involved in numerous other projects such as the annual Motorcycle Toy Run.[52]
An MSF rider course for novices
In Ireland, since 2010,[53] in the UK and some Australian jurisdictions, such as Victoria, New South Wales,[54] the Australian Capital Territory,[55] Tasmania[56] and the Northern Territory,[57] it is compulsory to complete a basic rider training course before being issued a Learners Licence, after which they can ride on public roads.
In Canada, motorcycle rider training is compulsory in Quebec and Manitoba only, but all provinces and territories have graduated licence programs which place restrictions on new drivers until they have gained experience. Eligibility for a full motorcycle licence or endorsement for completing a Motorcycle Safety course varies by province, the Canada Safety Council, a non-profit safety organisation, offers the Gearing Up program across Canada and is endorsed by the Motorcycle and Moped Industry Council.[58] Training course graduates may qualify for reduced insurance premiums.
Motorcycle rider postures[edit]
BMW C1, with a more upright seating position
The motorcyclist's riding position depends on rider body-geometry (anthropometry) combined with the geometry of the motorcycle itself, these factors create a set of three basic postures.[59]
• Standard – the rider sits upright or leans forward slightly. The feet are below the rider, these are motorcycles that are not specialised to one task, so they do not excel in any particular area.[60][61] The standard posture is used with touring and commuting as well as dirt and dual-sport bikes, and may offer advantages for beginners.[62]
• Cruiser – the rider sits at a lower seat height with the upper torso upright or leaning slightly rearward. Legs are extended forwards, sometimes out of reach of the regular controls on cruiser pegs, the low seat height can be a consideration for new or short riders. Handlebars tend to be high and wide, the emphasis is on comfort, while compromising cornering ability because of low ground clearance and the greater likelihood of scraping foot pegs, floor boards, or other parts if turns are taken at the speeds other motorcycles can more readily accomplish.[63][64]
Legal definitions and restrictions[edit]
Environmental impact[edit]
Motorcycles and scooters' low fuel consumption has attracted interest in the United States from environmentalists and those affected by increased fuel prices.[65][66] Piaggio Group Americas supported this interest with the launch of a "Vespanomics" website and platform, claiming lower per-mile carbon emissions of 0.4 lb/mile (113 g/km) less than the average car, a 65% reduction, and better fuel economy.[67]
However, a motorcycle's exhaust emissions may contain 10–20 times more oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide, and unburned hydrocarbons than exhaust from a similar-year passenger car or SUV.[65][68] This is because many motorcycles lack a catalytic converter, and the emission standard is much more permissive for motorcycles than for other vehicles.[65] While catalytic converters have been installed in most gasoline-powered cars and trucks since 1975 in the United States, they can present fitment and heat difficulties in motorcycle applications.[65][better source needed]
United States Environmental Protection Agency 2007 certification result reports for all vehicles versus on highway motorcycles (which also includes scooters),[69] the average certified emissions level for 12,327 vehicles tested was 0.734. The average "Nox+Co End-Of-Useful-Life-Emissions" for 3,863 motorcycles tested was 0.8531. 54% of the tested 2007-model motorcycles were equipped with a catalytic converter.
United States emissions limits[edit]
Tier 1 2006–2009 1.4 12.0
Tier 2 2010 and later 0.8 12.0
2006 and later 1.0 12.0
European emission standards for motorcycles are similar to those for cars.[citation needed] New motorcycles must meet Euro III standards,[71] while cars must meet Euro V standards. Motorcycle emission controls are being updated and it has been proposed to update to Euro IV in 2012 and Euro V in 2015.[72]
See also[edit]
1. ^ >"Definition of Motorcycle by Merriam-Webster". merriam-webster. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
2. ^ Foale, Tony (2006). Motorcycle Handling and Chassis Design. Tony Foale Designs. pp. 4–1. ISBN 978-84-933286-3-4.
3. ^ "Bureau of Motor Vehicles". BMV. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
4. ^ Cossalter, Vittore (2006). Motorcycle Dynamics. Lulu. ISBN 978-1-4303-0861-4.
11. ^ "motorcycle (vehicle)". Encyclopædia Britannica.
12. ^ G.N. Georgano, p. 22
13. ^ G.N. Georgano, pp. 20-22
15. ^ Long, Tony (30 August 2007). "Aug. 30, 1885: Daimler Gives World First 'True' Motorcycle". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028.
17. ^ "Electric Bikes Drive Global Sales". Retrieved 5 March 2015.
18. ^ "Brief History of the Marque: Hildebrand & Wolfmuller". Hildebrand & Wolfmuller Motorad, European Motorcycle Universe. Retrieved 28 June 2007.
19. ^ "History of Motorbikes".
21. ^ George Hendee. The AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame Museum. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
23. ^ "Triumph history". Archived from the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2009.
24. ^ "Triumph Motorcycle History".
25. ^ Ian Chadwick. "Triumph Motorcycles timeline".
26. ^ "History of Harley-Davidson Motor Company".
28. ^ Cato, Jeremy (8 August 2003). "Harley-Davidson at 100". The Vancouver Sun. Vancouver, B.C. p. E.1.Fro.
29. ^ Vance, Bill (24 April 2009). "Motoring Memories: DKW/Auto Union, 1928–1966". Canadian Driver.
33. ^ "Rupert Hollaus". Motorsport Memorial. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
35. ^ Squatriglia, Chuck (23 May 2008). "Honda Sells Its 60 Millionth – Yes, Millionth – Super Cub". Autopia. Wired. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
36. ^ "Hero Honda splendor sells more than 8.5 million units". Archived from the original on 21 February 2008. Retrieved 10 August 2008.
37. ^ O'Malley Greenburg, Zack (13 August 2007). "World's Cheapest Car". Forbes. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
38. ^ "Motorcycle Fuel Consumption & Real World Performance Guide". MFC Website. Retrieved 13 June 2008.
40. ^ "Electric Motorcycles". Solo Moto. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
42. ^ Bartlett, Jeff (26 March 2013), "Motorcycle reliability survey shows what goes wrong", Consumer Reports, retrieved 26 March 2013
45. ^ Dr. Hugh H. Hurt, PhD. (January 1981). "Motorcycle Accident Cause Factors and Identification of Countermeasures, Volume 1: Technical Report, Hurt, H.H., Ouellet, J.V. and Thom, D.R., Traffic Safety Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, Contract No. DOT HS-5-01160" (PDF). U.S. Department of Transportation, NHTSA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 August 2014.
49. ^ Quick Tips: General guidelines for riding a motorcycle safely (PDF), Motorcycle Safety Foundation, October 2006, retrieved 13 June 2012
51. ^ "About Think Bike". Think Bike. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
53. ^ "Learner riders licence". Motorcycle Rider Training Scheme, Roads and Traffic Authority, NSW. Retrieved 16 May 2007.
54. ^ "Learner Licence". Road Transport Information Management, Retrieved 16 May 2007.
56. ^ "Motorcyclist Education Training And Licensing (METAL)". Northern Territory Department of Planning and Infrastructure, Archived from the original on 7 May 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2007.
57. ^ "MMIC Information". Motorcycle and Moped Industry Council. Retrieved 16 May 2007.
58. ^ "A Three Dimensional Analysis of Riding Posture in Three Different Styles of Motorcycle" (PDF). Motorcycle Safety Foundation. March 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2008.
64. ^ a b c d Carpenter, Susan (11 June 2008). "Motorcycles and emissions: The surprising facts". LA Times. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
65. ^ Judy Dahl (September 2007). "Baby, You Can Drive My Vespa". Madison Magazine. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
66. ^ "Vespanomics – Vespa Economics" (PDF). Piaggio Group USA. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
67. ^ Umbra Fisk (28 May 2003). "On motorcycles – Ask Umbra". Grist.
68. ^ "Certified Highway Motorcycle Test Result Report Data (2007)". US EPA. 8 January 2008.
69. ^ a b "EPA Emissions Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, General Provisions". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
70. ^ Madson, Bart (15 February 2007). "Motorcycle Emissions Regs Examined". Retrieved 28 January 2010.
71. ^ "EURO 5 Cycle Emissions Proposed for 2015". 8 December 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
External links[edit]
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21358
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Debunking the Terror of Terroir
If you hang around winemakers for very long you will hear them talking about terroir, some may even roll their “r”s in the French tradition. A direct translation means the earth, or soil, but in the mystery of winemaking “terroir” is akin to magic pixie dust. So as an amateur what the heck does terroir matter? Is this just another artful descriptive for selling wine?
No, terroir is important to understanding why wine from one vineyard tastes completely different form a grape vine five miles away.
It is as much about nuance as it is about the chemicals in the soil. My first experience learning about terroir came form my French wine shop friend, Rene Aversenge, who could talk about the herbs in the fields of the Loire Valley entwining with the grape vines for centuries of pleasure like it was a poem of the gods. He would transport me to France with his words and I could see the miles of ancient roots picking their way over rocks and under streams collecting a myriad of flavors as they traveled the fertile valleys. Well, wine can be a poem.
The concept of terroir is defined by the legal parameters for historical winemaking practices and place designations, specific within each region. So an appellation like Santa Clara or San Benito would have its own characteristics based on climate, soil minerals, the direction the grapes are planted in, and the winemaker and grower having their own vision.
Santa Clara is known for its Mediterranean like climate and that has helped the growers plant sympathetic grapes, but Santa Clara also brings something to the table on its own. Each winery pairs its grape varietals to create a specific terroir in the bottle. Not only should a wine taste like the South of France, it should also represent a specific vineyard in San Benito county that may have more ocean breeze than others; or the mists that cling to the Gabilan mountains in the mornings may create the perfect microclimate for Merlot on one acre of land.
What grows next door, be it lavender or a rose, can influence the taste of the wine in the glass. A number of wineries in Napa have scent gardens that represent the specific flavors found in a wine, and at COPIA the American Center for Wine, Food and the Arts they have created a series of edible gardens that represent the Californian terroir as well as the culinary matching of herbs and fruit with wine from the vineyards.
The three and one-half acres of landscaped, organic edible gardens are an integral feature of COPIA. These exquisitely planned gardens are designed to provide hands-on learning about soils, farming and viticulture, furthering COPIA’s mission of contributing to our understanding of American life, culture and heritage. The gardens are divided into 50′ by 50′ beds, which demonstrate a broad range of horticultural styles and types of edible plants. Jeff Dawson, Curator of Gardens for COPIA, describes the gardens as a place for “higher learning,” where the links between man, the environment and the land are explored.
I will have more in a few weeks on a unique summer festival at COPIA that will give you a hands-on experience with terroir.
Until then take a look at the soil in your own garden, smell the earth and pick up the scents that are carried from miles away. Watch how the fog changes different parts of your garden, and taste how much flavor there is in your basil, or how the scent of your roses lingers past dusk. This is your terroir.
And the next time you have a chat with a local winemaker ask him or her about the terroir they live and breathe every day. Their passion and descriptions will enchant you.
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Ends 21 Mar 2018 (in 3 months)
Looking for a designer to use Indesign to create 20 slides urgently. The deadline in 2 hours. The presentation (first 20 slides has been started, so the style is there, I am happy for you to use the other pages as a template. The text needs to be dropped in from the powerpoint. I will need to be sent the indesign files by 9am.
anywhere where there is a table - please use the style (same as slide 6)
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21386
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Molengraaffsingel 12
2629 JD Delft
Website: http://www.yesdelft.nl
YES!Delft Molengraaffsingel 12 (Enter ‘Schoemakerstraat 340’ in case your navigation device doesn’t recognize the address), 2629 JD Delft
Directions from Rotterdam/Amsterdam
• Keep driving towards Delft until you reach exit 10: TU Delft/Delftech Park
• When you’re on the exit, look for the signs with ‘TU Delft/Delftech Park’
• At the bottom of the exit, take a left turn and drive under the overpass
• You are now driving on the Schoemakerstraat
Parking (free)
1. Park on the rooftop of YES!Delft
2. Park on one side off the road next to YES!Delft (there will be parking attendants to assist)
3. Parking at station Delft Zuid, free TukTuks running between Delft Zuid and YES!Delft (see information public transport).
Public transport
There are running free TukTuks between Delft Zuid and YES!Delft between: 15.00- 15.45 hour and back from 17.45- 18.45 uur.
Route plan
congress registration
congress registration
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21391
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Printer friendly
What does AA stand for?
AA stands for Assignment Area (Census)
This definition appears frequently
See other definitions of AA
Other Resources:
We have 149 other meanings of AA in our Acronym Attic
Samples in periodicals archive:
And most importantly, because each officer and auditor lives in the assignment area they are responsible for, which might be a county or, in the state's cities, might be a certain zip code, they really get to know their beat.
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21399
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Incredible Breakfast Trends
Multicultural cuisines
As a nation of immigrants, the U.S. is often referred to as a melting pot. It’s meant as a reference to the multitude of cultures that migrated here, but it could just as easily reflect the resulting stew of cuisines. Add a pinch of homegrown creativity to the stew, and you’ve got, ‘New American’ cuisine.
Infographic: Breakfast Flavors
Trend 1: A culinary melting pot
One thing that binds Americans is an appreciation for numerous cuisines. Gone are the days of 1950s sitcom mothers sailing through kitchen doors with platters of pot roast and potatoes. On today’s dinner plates, one is far more likely to see pizza, tacos or stir-fry…READ THE FULL TREND
Trend 2: The Hispanic connection
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the U.S. Hispanic population numbered 55.3 million in 2014. That's 17.3 percent of the total population, making it the largest, ethnic demographic group... READ THE FULL TREND
Trend 3: A perfect culinary storm
Foreign cuisines have become a national obsession. There’d be little argument with the statement, “Americans really like their food.” But it may be more appropriate to say, they really like everyone’s food. They embrace it, often adjust it, and then make it their own…READ THE FULL TREND
Make Room for Veggies
Breakfast with Asian Appeal
Put An Egg On It
All Day Breakfast
Multicultural Cuisines
Evolution of Healthy
Indulgent Comfort
New Competition
New Behaviors
Regional Breakfast Menu
Comfort Foods with Flair
Clockless Dining
Simply Nutritious
The New Consumer
Breakfast Influencers
Egg facts
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21411
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Sentence Examples with the word Aorta
The aorta gives off a large branch (the anterior aorta) very near its origin, from which arise - first, the left axillary, and afterwards the right axillary and the two carotid arteries.
In the primitive form a single anterior aorta is given off from the ventricle, the two together representing the dorsal blood-vessel of Chaetopods.
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The heart is not contained in the pericardium, lies dorsad of the rectum and gives off a single aorta anteriorly.
The gonad is transversely wrinkled and lies between the aorta and the intestine, extending from the pericardium to the anterior end of the body.
The heart in Patella consists of a single auricle (not two as in Haliotis and Fissurella) and a ventricle; the former receives the blood from the branchial vein, the latter distributes it through a large aorta which soon leads into irregular blood-lacunae.
The aorta is not independent as in Chitons, but is a sinus like the other channels of the circulation.
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21412
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Sentence Examples with the word Samara
Even his own settlements at Saratov and Samara refused to open their gates to him, and the Don Cossacks, hearing that the patriarch of Moscow had anathematized Stenka, also declared against him.
Provinces of the Volga (Nizhniy-Novgorod, Simbirsk, Samara, Penza and Saratov) the Great Russians prevail, the remainder being chiefly Mordvinians, Tatars, Chuvashes and Bashkirs, Germans in Samara and Saratov, and Little Russians in the last named.
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From Chelyabinsk and 4076 miles from Moscow, via Samara and Chelyabinsk.
Saratov and Samara were captured, but Simbirsk defied all efforts, and after two bloody encounters close at hand on the banks of the Sviyaga (October 1st and 4th), Razin was ultimately routed and fled down the Volga, leaving the bulk of his followers to be extirpated by the victors.
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21413
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Sentence Examples with the word cease
The grapes which are attacked cease to grow, turn brown or white, and ultimately dry up and fall off.
Manganous Sulphate, MnSO 4, is prepared by strongly heating a paste of pyrolusite and concentrated sulphuric acid until acid fumes cease to be evolved.
The estates expressed the wish that the celebrated Compacts should cease to form part of the laws of the country.
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The president of the senate, Juan Cuestas, in accordance with the constitution, assumed the duties of president of the republic. He arranged that hostilities should cease on the conditions that representation of the Blancos was allowed in Congress for certain districts where their votes were known to predominate; that a certain number of the jefes politicos should be nominated from the Blancos; that free pardon be extended to all who had taken part in the revolt; that a sufficient sum in money be advanced to allow the settlement of the expenses contracted by the insurgents; and that the electoral law be reformed on a basis allowing the people to take part freely in e1ctions.
The king and his prime minister were equally agreed about the necessity of showing the Vatican and the Church sufficient favor to induce them to cease coquetting with the pretender Don Carlos, but not so much as to allow the pope and the clergy to expect that they would tolerate any excessive Ultramontane influence in the policy of the Restoration.
It was a curious commentary on Henrys policy, that Richard, even when dead, did not cease to give him trouble.
On the 2nd of April 1792 Wilberforce again moved that the trade ought to be abolished; an amendment in favour of gradual abolition was carried, and it was finally resolved that the trade should cease on the 1st of January 1796.
The clause in which this proposal was embodied provided in effect that, whenever there is danger of a rupture between two powers, each of them shall choose a third power to which these differences shall be referred, and that, pending such reference, for a period not exceeding thirty days (unless the time is extended by agreement) the powers at issue shall cease to negotiate with each other and leave the dispute entirely in the hands of the mediating powers.
The old rude arrangements of the middle ages had provided by frequent depositions that an inefficient sovereign should cease to rule, and those arrangements had been imitated in the cases of Charles I.
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Detox in a Day: Easy, Quick Tips for Every Room in Your Home
Jennifer Hunter
Mar 24, 2014
(Image credit: Kim Lucian)
A detox doesn't need to be the stressful, grouchy experience you've heard about. Do just one thing in each room of your home to significantly reduce your exposure to chemicals by tonight! Read on for the quick, easy plan.
Kitchen — It's really, really time to address your food storage containers. Flip over any plastic to find the small recycling number printed on the bottom. If you see a 3 or a 7, that's an indication that that container contains BPA or phthalates — nasty little chemicals that could leach into your leftovers and mess with your hormones or even cause cancer. Even if you find the safer numbers — 2,4 or 5 — avoid heating any plastic in the microwave or dishwasher to prevent it from breaking down. Ideal plan? Start making the switch to glass.
Bathroom — Those smelly bathroom cleaners really do the job, but if you get lightheaded while scrubbing the tub, it's a sign that it's time to make the switch to green cleaners. After all, who needs the strong stuff (especially in a small, enclosed space like a bath) when simple vinegar can get your space just as squeaky clean.
Bedroom — A shirt fresh from the cleaners isn't quite as clean as it seems. Chemicals used in the dry cleaning process can stick around for a few days. If you don't have access to a green cleaners (look for the term 'wet cleaning' to avoid those harmful solvents altogether) make sure to immediatetly remove the plastic — it just traps the solvent in — and let your clothes air out for a while before storing them in the enclosed space of your closet. Another closet no no? Moth balls. The insecticide that kills the moths is also not so great for your own respiratory system. Try cedar or lavender as a healthy alternative. Or seach and destroy moths with these handy tips.
Living room — Flame resistant furniture may sound safe but the chemicals used in upholstered furniture (thanks to 1975 California furniture flammability standard TB117, which has just recently been revoked) are associated with many health concerns including reduced fertility, birth defects and cancer. If your furniture contains polyurethane foam and says it meets California TB117, it is perhaps time to think about replacing it. As of January 2014, furniture makers are no longer universally required to inject their wares with these chemicals.
Office — Don't look now, but the computer on which you're reading these very words is really filthy. In 2008, British scientist James Francis was wondering just how dirty our electonic devices are, so he swabbed them. Then he swabbed a toilet seat. Guess which one was dirtier? That's right: your keyboard. In fact, it's five times germier. So spend a few minutes today cleaning your keyboard and mouse. We'll even show you how.
See that wasn't so hard. A few quick tasks and your home is already feeling fresher and, more importantly, less toxic.
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4 Articles
CNW Marketing Research is reporting that around 30 percent of car shoppers were considering a hybrid a year back, and willing to pay a premium of almost $2,500 over a non-hybrid for the privilege. The interest level has dropped to just 12 percent now however, and the premium that's acceptable has fallen by over 50 percent to just $1,152. Fuel prices have fallen during the same period indicating a direct link between fuel prices and hybrids, whose main selling point is fuel economy.
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Powerful Combination For a Pick 6 Lottery
How to Use This Powerful Combination As a Pick 6 Lottery Player
There are two theories that pick 6 lottery players use. Used together they form a powerful combination that will help you to improve your chances of winning. We will discuss these rules in this article.
You can use your "hot numbers" to apply the frequency theory. This theory states that the winning tickets are most likely to be the numbers that were the most frequent in the past 16 drawings.
The other theory uses the "cold numbers". This theory is known as the law of averages theory and it says that the numbers in the last 16 drawings are the numbers that will most likely be the winners in the next drawing.
You will find that a lot of lottery systems only use one of these theories. I have found that if you use the power of both of these theories that you will achieve the maximum probability of selecting numbers that may be drawn.
You see what you are looking for is consistency in the long run. Using each theory separately does not necessarily give you the consistent maximum results over the long term.
When you combine the two together you get the best of both worlds. You see both the hot and the cold numbers are most likely to be selected as winning numbers compared to just selecting random numbers.
So as we get to selecting your pick 6 number, you will remember that you will select numbers using both the frequency theory and the law of averages theory. You will use both hot numbers and cold numbers.
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From Biology-Online Dictionary
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noun, plural: kingdoms
Historically, kingdom is the highest taxonomic rank, or the most general taxon used in classifying organisms. However, in the new three-domain system introduced by Carl Woese in 1990, the domain is the most general taxon, and kingdom is only next.
The five-kingdom taxonomic classification of the world's biota into Kingdom Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera as proposed by Robert Whittaker in 1969 has become a popular standard of classifying organisms. It became the basis for newer multi-kingdom systems such as the six-kingdom system of Carl Woese and colleagues in 1977.
The five biological Kingdoms (by Robert Whittaker):
Kingdom Monera: the most primitive of the five kingdoms that includes all the bacteria, also called monerans, which are single-celled prokaryotic organisms. (In six-kingdom system, Kingdom Monera is split into two kingdoms: (1) the Eubacteria, which are all bacteria apart from the archaebacteria, and (2) the Archaebacteria, which are single-celled organisms that live under extreme environmental conditions and have distinctive biochemical features)
Kingdom Protista: composed of single-celled and multicellular eukaryotes without the highly specialized tissues. Protists include protozoa and some types of algae
Kingdom Fungi: includes multicellular, non-photosynthetic, saprotrophic organisms such as slime moulds, mushrooms, smuts, rusts, mildews, moulds, stinkhorns, puffballs, truffles and yeasts that absorb food in solution directly through their cell walls and reproduce through spores
Kingdom Plantae: members of this kingdom are multicellular, (mostly) autotrophic eukaryotes that (usually) conduct photosynthesis
Kingdom Animalia: members of this kingdom are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes that digest food outside their cells and then absorb the digested nutrients
Word origin: from Old English cyningdōm : cyning, king; see king + -dōm.
See also: taxonomy.
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New Job openings at Brightcove
As Brightcove continues it's expansion into the market a variety of fantastic new positions have opened up on the team. Engineering, sales and bus dev, partner engagements, visual design, support, marketing (and lots of it). We're like the Noah's Ark of digital media job openings.
Please visit to catch up on the latest. If you've been following Brightcove and know someone who might be a good fit here, we'd be eternally grateful if you were to pass this on to your friends and colleagues.
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The vertebrate circulatory system
The basic vertebrate pattern
The plan
All vertebrates have circulatory systems based on a common plan, and so vertebrate systems show much less variety than do those of invertebrates. Although it is impossible to trace the evolution of the circulatory system by using fossils (because blood vessels do not fossilize as do bones and teeth), it is possible to theorize on its evolution by studying different groups of vertebrates and their developing embryos. Many of the variations from the common plan are related to the different requirements of living in water and on land.
The heart
The vertebrate heart lies below the alimentary canal in the front and centre of the chest, housed in its own section of the body cavity. During the development of an embryo, the heart first appears below the pharynx, and although it may also be in this position in adult animals, the heart often moves posteriorly as the animal grows and matures.
The heart is basically a tube made of special muscle (cardiac muscle) that is not found anywhere else in the body. This cardiac muscle beats throughout life with its own automatic rhythm. Deoxygenated blood from the body is brought by veins into the most posterior part of the heart tube, the sinus venosus. From there it passes forward into the atrium, the ventricle, and the conus arteriosus (called the bulbus cordis in embryos), and eventually to the arterial system. The blood is pushed through the heart because the various parts of the tube contract in sequence. As the heart develops from embryo to adult, each part of the tube becomes a chamber, separated from the others by valves, so that blood can neither flow backward in the system nor reenter the heart from the arteries. As the heart grows, it bends into an “S” shape, so that the sinus venosus and atrium lie above the ventricle and conus arteriosus.
The blood vessels
Gill slits are a fundamental feature of all vertebrate embryos, including humans. With few exceptions, there are six gill slits on each side. Blood leaving the heart travels from the conus arteriosus into the ventral aorta, which branches to send six pairs of arteries between the gill slits. The arterial branches join the dorsal aorta above the alimentary canal. Anterior to the gill slits, the ventral aorta branches again, forming two external carotid arteries that supply the ventral part of the head. Two internal carotids, which are the anterior extensions of the dorsal aorta, supply the brain in the dorsal part of the head.
Deoxygenated blood collects in capillaries and then drains into larger and larger veins, which take it from various parts of the body to the heart. Of these, the anterior and posterior cardinal veins, each with left and right components, take blood to the heart from the front and rear of the body, respectively. They lie dorsal to the alimentary canal, while the heart lies ventral to it. There is a common cardinal vein on each side, often called the duct of Cuvier, which carries blood ventrally into the sinus venosus. Various other veins join the cardinal veins from all over the body. The ventral jugular veins drain the lower part of the head and take blood directly into the common cardinal veins.
Lower vertebrates have two so-called portal systems, areas of the venous system that begin in capillaries in tissues and join to form veins, which divide to produce another capillary network en route to the heart. They are called the hepatic (liver) and renal (kidneys) portal systems. The hepatic system is important because it collects blood from the intestine and passes it to the liver, the centre for many chemical reactions concerned with the absorption of food into the body and the control of substances entering the general circulation. The function of the renal portal system is less clear, but it involves two veins that pass from the caudal vein to the kidneys, where they break up into capillaries.
The coronary circulation is that which supplies the heart muscle itself. It is of crucial importance, for the heart must never stop beating. Cardiac muscle needs oxygen from early in embryonic development until death. In mammals the coronary blood supply comes from the aorta, close to the heart. In evolutionary terms, this was not always so; many lower vertebrates, including agnathans and amphibians, have no specialized coronary arteries. The heart obtains its oxygen from blood passing through it. Fish have well-developed coronary vessels that arise from various sources, but ultimately from the efferent branchial system.
The introduction of lungs changed the site of oxygenation of the blood. In lungfishes coronary arteries arise from those anterior arterial arches receiving the most oxygenated blood from the heart. In reptiles coronary arteries branch from the systemic arch, but their position of origin varies. In some species they arise close to the heart, as in birds and mammals. Coronary veins generally run beside corresponding arteries but diverge from them to enter the main venous supply to the right atrium, or to the sinus venosus in fishes.
Evolutionary trends
Conventional classification divides vertebrates into two main groups—Gnathostomata, or vertebrates with jaws, and Agnatha, or those without jaws (the lampreys and hagfishes). This is a fundamental division, for agnathans also lack paired fins and scales. Agnathans are regarded as the most primitive group of vertebrates, not least because they appear first in the fossil record, before jawed fishes. Their circulatory systems differ in various ways from those of jawed vertebrates.
Circulation in agnathans
In the lamprey heart the atrium and ventricle are side by side, with the sinus venosus entering the atrium laterally. Nonmuscular valves prevent backflow of blood, and the conus arteriosus contains no cardiac muscle. There is no separate coronary blood supply, and the heart must obtain its oxygen from the blood as it goes through.
The arterial system in agnathans is most obviously modified because there are more than six sets of gills. Eight branches emerge from the ventral aorta, which splits into two, unlike the single vessel in most vertebrates with gill slits. Oxygenated blood from the gills is then collected into eight efferent vessels, which join to form a dorsal aorta, single for most of its length. Internal carotid arteries arise from the dorsal aorta, but the ventral part of the head is supplied from anterior efferent branchial (gill) vessels, not from the anterior part of the ventral aorta.
The venous system does not include a renal portal section, and there is asymmetry of the common cardinal veins, which take blood from the dorsal anterior and posterior cardinal veins down to the ventral heart. In embryos there are two of these, one on each side of the body; in lampreys, the left one disappears during development, while in hagfishes the right one disappears. Hagfishes also have accessory hearts in the venous system at several points. No other vertebrate has these structures.
It is not clear why the circulatory system of agnathans differs in these ways from the basic vertebrate plan. It is important to remember, however, that lampreys and hagfishes are specialized descendants of what was once a more diverse and widespread group of animals. Their circulatory systems may be less similar to the basic vertebrate plan than those of their ancestors because of their present mode of life.
Circulation in jawed vertebrates
Although clearly related to its mode of life, the blood system of a species also reflects its evolutionary history. The most significant change that occurred during early vertebrate evolution was the appearance of animals that could live and breathe on land. The first of these were the amphibians. Reptiles became even more independent of water because of their waterproof skins and shelled eggs, and from them evolved the most sophisticated land vertebrates, the mammals and birds. Obtaining oxygen entirely from air, instead of from water, involved drastic changes in the circulatory system.
Land vertebrates use their lungs to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen from the air. Lungs may have evolved from a structure in fishes called the swim bladder, a sac that grows out from the anterior part of the gut. Fishes use it for buoyancy control, but it is possible that it was originally useful as an accessory for respiration. The problem is that lungs are found at a different site in the circulatory system from that of the gills, where oxygenation occurs in fishes. Instead of circulating around the body, as it does in fishes, oxygenated blood from the lungs returns to the heart. Therefore, in evolutionary terms, if mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood was to be avoided in the heart, alterations to its structure had to occur. Land vertebrates developed lungs, a new vein (the pulmonary vein) to take blood from them to the heart, and a double circulation, whereby the heart is effectively divided into two halves—one-half concerned with pumping incoming deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs and the other with pumping oxygenated blood from the lungs around the body.
There are also modifications in the arterial and venous systems related to the appearance of lungs in the circulation. In the venous system, the paired posterior cardinal veins are replaced by a single posterior vena cava, and the renal portal system disappears. The main modifications to the basic arterial pattern involve what are the gill arteries of fishes. The anterior of these became responsible for carrying oxygenated blood to the head and to the brain; the intermediate arteries for carrying blood to the dorsal aorta, and so around the body; and the posterior arteries for carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
In fishes the four chambers of the heart are all well developed. Blood passes in sequence through the sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and conus arteriosus. The ventricle is the main pumping chamber, as it is in the hearts of all land vertebrates. During the evolution of the heart, the ventricle and atrium came to predominate; the sinus venosus became part of the atrium, while the conus arteriosus was incorporated into the ventricle. The atrium itself became a double structure—the two auricles—as did the ventricle, but the conversion of the ventricle into two chambers occurred later in evolution than the division of the atrium.
Modifications among the vertebrate classes
The hearts of fishes show little modification from the basic plan, except that lungfish hearts tend to become subdivided. In them, the oxygenated blood carried by the pulmonary vein does not enter the sinus venosus along with the deoxygenated blood from the body. Instead, the oxygenated blood remains separate and enters the left side of the atrium. The atrium is partially divided into two auricles, and the ventricle also has a partial septum. Lungfishes show further signs of circulatory developments in their venous system. As in land vertebrates, there is a median posterior vena cava, and the posterior cardinal veins are reduced.
The arterial system of fishes is also altered from the basic plan. First there are the afferent (leading to) and efferent (leading from) parts of the gill (branchial) blood vessels. Each pair of blood vessels looping up between a pair of gills is called an arterial arch. During the development of embryos, the arterial arches become interrupted by capillaries in the gills. Thus, each arch consists of a ventral afferent section that brings blood to the gills from the heart and a dorsal efferent section that collects blood from the gill capillaries and carries it to the dorsal aorta. The whole circulatory system is a one-way arrangement, with the heart pumping only deoxygenated blood from the body forward to the gills to be oxygenated and redistributed to the body.
Although six gill slits appear in embryos, few adult fishes retain all six. The first and most anterior gill slit in the series becomes the spiracle, and the first branchial arch is much modified; parts of it disappear altogether. The second branchial arch is variable in its presence in different fishes. In general, therefore, adult fishes often have only four of the six original arterial arches found in embryos. The external carotid arteries also show modifications. Instead of arising from the anterior part of the ventral aorta, they become connected with the efferent portion of the second branchial arch. This change ensures that, despite modifications to the most anterior of the arterial arches, blood just oxygenated in the gills will reach the head.
It may be that the prevalence of poorly oxygenated water in certain habitats explains the evolution of lungs and, hence, of land vertebrates. Fishes also have evolved accessory structures for obtaining oxygen from the air. These are often modified gill chambers, with dense capillary networks. Even the intestine may be involved, as in the loach Haplosternum.
Except for sharks and their relatives (elasmobranchs), most fishes have a swim bladder, the structure from which lungs may have evolved. Although its prime function in fishes is to control buoyancy, the swim bladder may also act as an oxygen reserve, for the gas in it often contains a high concentration of oxygen derived from the blood’s own supply. Blood to the swim bladder usually comes from the dorsal aorta. One African fish, Polypterus, uses its swim bladder for respiration, and the veins from it join the posterior cardinal veins close to the heart. These swim bladder veins are almost where pulmonary veins would be expected to be, if they were bringing oxygenated blood from lungs straight to the heart.
The lungfishes have gone further in adapting their circulatory systems to the presence of lungs, although the different species do not breathe air to the same extent. Some of their modifications foreshadow the changes that have taken place in amphibians. The divided atrium of the lungfish heart receives blood from the body on the right side and from the lungs on the left. The conus is large and is divided by a complex system of valves arranged in a spiral pattern and called the spiral valve. The ventral aorta is also subdivided internally. The result is that oxygenated blood from the left side of the ventricle is directed into the ventral division of the ventral aorta and passes to the anterior of the arterial arches, while deoxygenated blood from the right side of the ventricle is directed into the two most posterior arterial arches and passes mainly to the lungs.
Four arterial arches are present even in the lungfish species most dependent on breathing air (Lepidosiren), where gills still exist. These are arches three to six of the original series of six present in fish embryos. Their arrangement is largely unaffected by the presence of lungs, except that the gills may be reduced and the arteries may pass straight through without intervening capillaries. Arches five and six, however, join together before entering the dorsal aorta and give rise to a large pulmonary artery to the lungs. Thus, in lungfishes, lungs and gills can be seen working side by side.
The circulatory systems of lungfishes are strikingly similar to those of amphibians, and although lungfishes do not seem to have been amphibian ancestors, they are related to fishes that were. It is likely that several groups of ancient fishes had lungs, partially divided hearts, and ventral aortas, and from one of these groups arose the land vertebrates.
The amphibian heart is generally of a tripartite structure, with a divided atrium but a single ventricle. The lungless salamanders, however, have no atrial septum, and one small and unfamiliar group, the caecilians, has signs of a septum in the ventricle. It is not known whether the original amphibians had septa in both atrium and ventricle. They may have, and the absence of septa in many modern forms may simply be a sign of a flexible approach to the use of skin or lung, or both, as the site of oxygen exchange. In addition, the ventricle is subdivided by muscular columns into many compartments that tend to prevent the free mixing of blood.
The conus arteriosus is muscular and contains a spiral valve. Again, as in lungfishes, this has an important role in directing blood into the correct arterial arches. In the frog, Rana, venous blood is driven into the right atrium of the heart by contraction of the sinus venosus, and it flows into the left atrium from the lungs. A wave of contraction then spreads over the whole atrium and drives blood into the ventricle, where blood from the two sources tends to remain separate. Separation is maintained in the spiral valve, and the result is similar to the situation in lungfishes. Blood from the body, entering the right atrium, tends to pass to the lungs and skin for oxygenation; that from the lungs, entering the left atrium, tends to go to the head. Some mixing does occur, and this blood tends to be directed by the spiral valve into the arterial arch leading to the body.
Blood returning from the skin does not enter the circulation at the same point as blood from the lungs. Thus, oxygenated blood arrives at the heart from two different directions—from the sinus venosus, to which the cutaneous (skin) vein connects, and from the pulmonary vein. Both right and left atria receive oxygenated blood, which must be directed primarily to the carotid arteries supplying the head and brain. It is likely that variable shunting of blood in the ventricle is important in ensuring this. A ventricular septum would inhibit shunting; it is at least possible that its absence in amphibians is not a primitive feature but a secondary adaptation to variable gas-exchange mechanisms.
The amphibian venous system shows various features that are characteristic of land vertebrates. The posterior cardinal veins are replaced by a posterior vena cava, but they are still visible in salamanders. There is a renal portal system, and an alternative route back to the heart from the legs is provided by an anterior abdominal vein that enters the hepatic portal vein to the liver.
Amphibian larvae and the adults of some species have gills. There are four arterial arches in salamanders (urodeles) and three in frogs (anurans). These are three through six of the original series, the fifth disappearing in adult frogs. There is no ventral aorta, and the arterial arches arise directly from the conus—an important feature, given that the conus and its spiral valve control the composition of blood reaching each arterial arch. The names given to the three arterial arches of frogs are those used in all land vertebrates, including mammals. They are the carotid (the third), systemic (the fourth), and pulmonary (the sixth) arches. Blood to the lungs (and skin in frogs) is always carried by the sixth arterial arch, which loses its connection to the dorsal aorta. All land vertebrates supply their lungs with deoxygenated blood from this source.
Unlike lungfishes and amphibians, reptiles depend entirely on their lungs for respiration. Gills and skin do not provide additional sources of oxygen. Only the crocodiles, however, truly approach birds and mammals in their almost complete “double” circulation. Because of the development of a neck and relative elongation of that region of the body, the heart may be displaced posteriorly and the arrangement of arteries and veins may be altered accordingly. In general, however, the circulatory system resembles that in frogs.
Various changes can be seen in the reptilian heart. The left atrium is smaller than the right and always completely separate from it. The sinus venosus is present but small. The ventricle is variously subdivided in different groups. Three arterial trunks arise directly from the ventricle, the conus having been partly incorporated into it. The three trunks are the right and left systemic arches and the pulmonary arch. The carotid arch is a branch of the right systemic arch. When the ventricle is actually beating, there is functional separation of blood from the two atria so that most oxygenated blood flows to the carotid arteries and hardly mixes with deoxygenated blood going to the lungs.
Crocodiles are the only living representatives of the archosaurian reptiles, the group that included the dinosaurs and from which birds evolved. Crocodiles have a complete ventricular septum, producing two equally sized chambers. The blood from the right and left atria is not mixed; despite this, there is an opening at the base of the right and left systemic arches, and blood can be shunted between the two. This is important during diving, when blood flow to the lungs is decreased. The crocodile heart is situated so posteriorly that the subclavian artery, which would normally arise from the dorsal aorta at the level of the systemic arch, arises from the carotid artery.
Bird circulatory systems have many similarities to those of reptiles, from which they evolved. The changes that have occurred are more of degree than of kind. The heart is completely divided into right and left sides. The sinus venosus is incorporated into the right auricle and becomes the sinoauricular node. It is from this point that the heartbeat is initiated. There is no conus, and only two vessels leave the divided ventricle. These are the pulmonary artery from the right side and the systemic arch from the left. The systemic arch is asymmetrical—the main difference in this area between birds and lizards. Only the right part of the systemic arch is present, the left being suppressed. The arterial arches are no longer bilaterally symmetrical. Another difference between birds and lizards is found in the venous circulation: the renal portal system is reduced in birds.
Mammals also evolved from reptiles, but not from the same group as did birds, and must have developed their double circulation independently from early reptiles. Nevertheless, several parallel changes occurred, such as the common incorporation of the sinus venosus into the right auricle. The most striking manifestation of different origins is seen in the mammalian aorta, which leaves the left ventricle and curves to the left. The aorta corresponds to the left half of the systemic arch, while the right is missing. The carotid arteries arise from the left systemic arch (aorta), though their precise position varies among mammals. The arterial system is asymmetric, as in birds, but in the opposite way.
The heart of both mammals and birds is a double pump, powering two systems of vessels with different characteristics. The left ventricle has a thicker layer of muscle around it, a necessary adaptation for powering its beat against the high resistance of the extensive systemic circulation throughout the body. The right ventricle has a thinner wall, consistent with its role in pumping blood to the lungs against a much lower resistance.
Embryonic development of the circulatory system
An embryo develops only with an adequate supply of oxygen and metabolites. In its early stages these may be provided by diffusion. Because the rate of diffusion becomes limiting beyond a certain size, however, the circulatory system becomes functional early in development, often before other organs and systems are obvious.
The heart develops from the middle embryonic tissue layer, the mesoderm, just below the anterior part of the gut. It begins as a tube that joins with blood vessels also forming in the mesoderm. Other mesodermal cells form a coat around the heart tube and become the muscular wall, or myocardium. The heart lies in its own section of body cavity, called the pericardial coelom, formed by partitions that cut it off from the main body cavity. From an original tube shape, the heart bends back on itself as it grows within the pericardial cavity. The sinus venosus and atrium lie above the ventricle and bulbus cordis (embryonic equivalent of the conus arteriosus). Septa gradually partition the heart into chambers.
In mammalian and bird embryos, the lungs are not used until birth. Oxygen is obtained in the former from the placenta and in the latter from embryonic membranes close to the porous eggshell.
The circulation has various modifications for diverting oxygenated blood from sources outside the embryo to the body of the embryo. In mammals blood from the placenta travels to the right auricle via the umbilical vein and posterior vena cava. It passes through an opening, the foramen ovale, into the left auricle, and then to the left ventricle and around the body. Deoxygenated blood entering the anterior vena cava fills the right ventricle; however, instead of passing to the lungs, it is shunted through the ductus arteriosus, between the pulmonary and systemic arches, and into the dorsal aorta. From the dorsal aorta the deoxygenated blood travels to the placenta, bypassing the lungs completely. At birth the foramen ovale closes, as does the ductus arteriosus, and the lungs become functional.
The development of the circulatory system in higher vertebrate embryos (i.e., those of birds and mammals) generally follows a sequence of seven main events. Initially, a tubular heart bends into an “S” shape. Blood then flows from behind forward through the sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and bulbus cordis. There is then subdivision of the atrium and ventricle and of the opening between them. The sinus venosus is incorporated into the right atrium. The pulmonary veins are segregated to open into the left atrium. The bulbus cordis is subdivided into a pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle and a systemic trunk from the left ventricle. Finally, an embryonic set of six arterial arches is reduced to three in adults, and their relationships are further complicated by asymmetrical loss of some parts and development of others.
Biodynamics of vertebrate circulation
Blood pressure and blood flow
The pressure that develops within the closed vertebrate circulatory system is highest at the pump—the heart—and decreases with distance away from the pump because of friction within the blood vessels. Because the blood vessels can change their diameter, blood pressure can be affected by both the action of the heart and changes in the size of the peripheral blood vessels. Blood is a living fluid—it is viscous and contains cells (45 percent of its volume in human beings)—and yet the effects of the cells on its flow patterns are small.
Blood enters the atrium by positive pressure from the venous system or by negative pressure drawing it in by suction. Both mechanisms operate in vertebrates. Muscular movements of the limbs and body, and gravity in land vertebrates, are forces propelling blood to the heart. In fishes and amphibians the atrium forces blood into the ventricle when it contracts. In birds and mammals the blood arrives at the heart with considerable residual pressure and passes through the auricles into the ventricles, apparently without much additional impetus from contraction of the auricles.
The ventricle is the main pumping chamber, but one of the features of double circulation is that the two circuits require different pressure levels. Although the shorter pulmonary circulation requires less pressure than the much longer systemic circuit, the two are connected to each other and must transport the same volume of fluid per unit time. The right and left ventricles in birds and mammals function as a volume and a pressure pump, respectively. The thick muscular wall of the left ventricle ensures that it develops a higher pressure during contraction in order to force blood through the body. It follows that pressures in the aorta and pulmonary artery may be very different. In human beings aortic pressure is about six times higher.
Valves throughout the system are crucial to maintain pressure. They prevent backflow at all levels; for example, they prevent flow from the arteries back into the heart as ventricular pressure drops at the end of a contraction cycle. Valves are important in veins, where the pressure is lower than in arteries.
Another impetus to blood flow is contraction of the muscles in the walls of vessels. This also prevents backflow of arterial blood toward the heart at the end of each contraction cycle. Input from nerves, sensory receptors in the vessels themselves, and hormones all influence blood vessel diameter, but responses differ according to position in the body and animal species.
Normally, the pressures that develop in a circulatory system vary widely in different animals. Body size can be an important factor. The closed circulation systems of vertebrates generally operate at higher pressures than the open blood systems of invertebrates; the systems of birds and mammals operate at the highest pressures of all.
Electrical activity
The vertebrate heart is myogenic (rhythmic contractions are an intrinsic property of the cardiac muscle cells themselves). Pulse rate varies widely in different vertebrates, but it is generally higher in small animals, at least in birds and mammals. Each chamber of the heart has its own contraction rate. In the frog, for example, the sinus venosus contracts fastest and is the pacemaker for the other chambers, which contract in sequence and at a decreasing rate, the conus being the slowest. In birds and mammals, where the sinus venosus is incorporated into the right atrium at the sinoauricular node, the latter is still the pacemaker and the heartbeat is initiated at that point. Thus, the evolutionary history of the heart explains the asymmetrical pattern of the heartbeat.
In the frog each contraction of the heart begins with a localized negative charge that spreads over the surface of the sinus venosus. In lower vertebrates, the cardiac muscle cells themselves conduct the wave of excitation. In birds and mammals, however, special conducting fibres (arising from modified muscle cells) transmit the wave of excitation from the sinoauricular node to the septum between the auricles, and then, after a slight delay, down between and around the ventricles. The electrical activity of the heart can be recorded; the resulting pattern is called an electrocardiogram.
Control of heartbeat and circulation
Many factors, such as temperature, oxygen supply, or nervous excitement, affect heartbeat and circulation. Blood circulation is controlled mainly via nerve connections, sensory receptors, and hormones. These act primarily by varying the heart’s pulse rate, amplitude, or stroke volume and by altering the degree of dilation or constriction of the peripheral blood vessels (i.e., those blood vessels near the surface of the body).
Temperature has a direct effect on heart rate, and one of the ways in which mammals regulate their internal temperature is by controlling peripheral blood circulation. Mammals are endothermic (warm-blooded) vertebrates; their internal temperature is kept within narrow limits by using heat generated by the body’s own metabolic processes. Lizards are ectothermic (cold-blooded); they obtain heat from the external environment by, for example, basking in the sun. The effects of oxygen concentration on the heart and blood vessels is rapid. Oxygen deficiency in the cardiac tissue causes dilation of the coronary capillaries, thereby increasing blood flow and oxygen supply.
Most effects on the circulation are indirect and complex. All vertebrate hearts receive input from nerves; for example, stimulation of a branch of the vagus nerve causes the release of acetylcholine at the nerve endings, which depresses the heart rate. Other nerve endings release norepinephrine, which increases the heart rate. Less directly, nervous stimulation brought about by stress causes the release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream. These substances not only make the heart beat faster and with a greater amplitude, but they also divert blood to the muscles by constricting the vessels in the skin and gut. This prepares the animal physiologically for physical exertion. Numerous other chemicals, such as nicotine, affect heart rate directly or indirectly.
Two other factors are important in the context of circulatory regulation—the concentrations of inorganic ions and sensory receptors in blood vessel walls. Sodium, potassium, and calcium ions are always involved in changes of electrical potential across cell membranes. A change in their concentrations, therefore, influences heartbeat profoundly. External calcium concentration can, for example, determine the conductance of sodium across the cardiac cell membranes. Sensory receptors in the walls of blood vessels register blood pressure. They are found in the aorta, carotid arteries, pulmonary artery, capillaries in the adrenal gland, and the tissues of the heart itself. Impulses from the receptors travel to the medulla of the brain, from where messages are sent via motor nerves to the heart and blood vessels. Regulation is thus achieved according to the body’s needs.
M. Elizabeth Rogers
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An intense and quietly effective performance from Cooper makes the life - and death - of Kyle resonate far beyond Texas
Spot on target over sniper loneliness
Jan 23, 2015 5:50 AM
INTENSE combat, domestic disquiet and sad irony are the grim touchstones of American Sniper, a film about a latter-day patriot and believer in truth, justice and the American Way whose larger-than-life story - in the assured hands of director Clint Eastwood - is easily the stuff of legend.
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Latest in Gear
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AT&T opens its public safety network to volunteer first responders
You don't need an officially-issued phone to sign up.
Getty Images/iStockphoto
AT&T's approach to a public safety network has been available for a while, but only for emergency crews that supply phones and plans. That's not much good if you're a volunteer firefighter or otherwise have to bring your own device. However, you won't be out of the loop for long. AT&T has launched FirstNet plans for first responders who have to use personal accounts, whether they're volunteers or careerists. You'll need to be verified and use a FirstNet-friendly device like the Galaxy S9 or V35 ThinQ, but you'll use the same dedicated emergency network as other crews.
You can sign up in both stores and online.
As before, AT&T"s network (and Verizon's, for that matter) is all about ensuring that firefighters, paramedics and police can communicate at times when regular cellular networks are bogged down. This latest move could be crucial to fulfilling that goal. AT&T pointed out that 70 percent of American firefighters are volunteers who would otherwise be shut out of FirstNet. If these responders didn't have an individual sign-up option, most of them would be at an inherent disadvantage at the very moment when they need a guaranteed connection.
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Knowledge of Geography is essential in understanding the world around us. Geography helps understand history, politics, evolution. It shouldn't be considered much to know the countries that border you own, or know approximately how many countries there are in the world, knowing which continent borders with which. Understanding geography puts everything in its proper perspective. We realize our true position in the world, our relative importance and the importance of others. If we go further and start looking into ethnology and sociology, things get even more interesting, and the more we know, the more we understand. And people who truly understand a lot, are the people that are willing to accept differences among people, among opinions, among points of view.
...may the whole world be home to you!
The science of place, one that investigates the surface of the Earth and the things on it, attempting to explain:
• Where things are.
• Why they are where they are.
• How they affect the things around them, because of where they are.
It is through studying geography that we see the Earth become the World.
Location -> Climate -> Environment -> Biodiversity -> Economic Opportunity -> Politics
-> Geology -> Land form -> Agriculture -> Settlement -> Culture
-> Soils -> History
This may seem overly broad, but geography is an extremely broad science (it covers the Earth, after all). It is one of the few disciplines that is both a physical science and a social science. Geography touches on most other fields of human knowledge, from mathematics to culture, to the extent that many of its subdisciplines are simply called by the name of another major discipline with "geography" tacked on. Geography plays a role in explaining nearly all areas of human activity.
• Physical Geography disciplines study how natural forces shape the Earth's surface.
• climatology studies the complex patterns of weather that arise from the Earth's spherical shape and axial tilt as it orbits the Sun, as well as microclimates caused by landforms and vegetation.
• geomorphology studies how the Earth's landforms are shaped by a tug of war between the underlying forces of geology and the processes of erosion.
• soils geography studies the development of sediment based upon the climate and landforms of various regions.
• biogeography studies the environments for life created by climates, landforms, and soils.
• Human geography studies how people are affected by where they are on the earth, and how people affect the Earth.
• Economic Geography studies how climate, landforms, soils, and distances affect human agriculture, industry, commerce, and urban development.
• Cultural Geography is where geographers get to be anthropologists, as it studies how people have adapted to their climate and the economic opportunities thus afforded. Folkways such as language, religion and art all show patterns that arise from where people have found themselves.
• Political Geography studies how people relate to one another based upon where they are, how power accrues to some people because of their location, and how they wield that power. Without political geography, history would lose most of its power of edification.
• Geographic techniques
• Cartography has grown from a form of drafting into the science of graphically communicating information about the Earth.
• Geodesy continues the tradition of Eratosthenes, measuring the shape of the Earth to ever greater degrees.
• Geographic Information Systems study the accurate collection of geographic data, their digital representation, the techniques of their analysis for decision making, and, and the ability to model the surface of the Earth with the help of a computer.
Notice that I do not mention the memorizing of long lists of place names. If a place teaches you something about the world, you'll remember its name.
An (extremely) brief history of Geography
From the earliest times, people have sought to understand the world around them. For millenia, knowing where the herds would move next, or the best places to gather fruits and grains, was a key to survival. Humanity's essential nomadic nature has also expressed itself in early trade routes; it was an advantage to know where the people who had the things you wanted were, and where the people who wanted the things you had were.
Although the first real geography experiment was probably Eratosthenes' measuring the circumference of the Earth, through all this time, geography was purely descriptive. It was important to know things were, but not necessarily so important to understand why they were there. To the Greeks and Romans, "geography" mostly meant compiling gazeteers, the best-known of which were produced by Claudius Ptolemy and Strabo.
During the Middle Ages, European knowledge of the world was regressed into a religious iconography which reinforced the power structures of the time. The Chinese, with an empire to manage, understood their land much better. As with most other classical fields of knowledge, Islamic scholars preserved geography through this period. The legendary mathemetician and geographer Al-Khwarizmi expanded on Ptolemy's gazeteer, and this is what was introduced back into the West during the Renaissance. Knowledge of far-away places inspired some people to go look for them, and the Age of Discovery (and Colonialism, and Slavery) resulted.
Exploration and exploitation
All of this changed during the Age of Discovery/Colonialism. Europeans ran across the New World because of geographical ignorance, but the little knowledge of the world they did have gave them the power to conquer it. Between episodes of abusing native peoples, the explorers and conquerors occasionally remarked on how things were different from their homes. Cartography advanced during this period as well, as colonial powers sought to map their new empires. Sea monsters used to fill in the empty spaces on maps were a nice touch.
Upon occasion, late 18th and early 19th century naturalists would pause in their collecting to remark on how what they collected varied from place to place, and to speculate on why that was. One of the most perceptive was Charles Darwin, who saw how the isolation of the Galapagos Islands created ecological niches that the creatures who drifted there evolved to fill. Alexander von Humboldt's journey through the Americas caused him to write about many topics of vegetation geography and geomorphology. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark described the native peoples they encountered in their expeditions. The notes John Wesley Powell took while he and his men shot the Grand Canyon in 1863 produced a vivid portrait of how and why the canyon got there.
The first thematic maps also appeared in the early 19th century, turning cartography into a tool for explanation. Doctor John Snow's famous map of cholera deaths in London may be the first time a map was used to solve a public health problem. In 1869, Charles Joseph Minard produced a map illustrating Napoleon's Grande Armee evaporating as it marched across Russia during the fall and winter of 1812.
Geography began to develop as an academic discipline from geology departments in the mid-19th century. The first acadmic geography chairs were endowed in 1874 by Kaiser Wilhelm I for all Prussian universities. In America, William Morris Davis, inspired by Charles Darwin, began laying out his theories of geomorphological processes. In the 1890s Russian geographer Count Vladimir Köppen devised the very first soil classification system, from which we get to use wonderful words such as podzol and chernozem.
The early 20th century saw the birth of the first glimmerings of geography's vast potential to explain humanity: the notion that cultures are shaped by the natural environments in which they develop, environments that ultimately derive from their locations. However, this "environmental determinism" became warped, pressed into serving the national and racial superiority theories prevalent in some cultures at the time.
Navel examination
Meanwhile, Carl O. Sauer began a movement transformed American academic geography. Sauer, based at the University of California, Berkeley, stressed "historical geography", that is, understanding an entire landscape, and all of its influences throughout history. Such in-depth knowledge required geographers to specialize in particular regions of the world. Unfortunately, this was carried out to an absurd degree. One of the stories of this time tells of one student writing his Master's thesis on the soils of a particular county in Michigan, with his classmates writing theirs on the soils of neighboring counties.
At the same time, geography departments embarked on a vast campaign of data collection and classification. All this raw data had a vast potential to give a deep understanding of the American landscape, but the actual explaining languished.
By the 1950's, this mindlessness had taken over the field to such an extent that university administrators began to question whether geography was even meaningful as an academic discipline. One by one, the Ivy League schools wiped out their geography programs (although the Business School's dislike of a certain homosexual department chair may have played a part in Harvard's decision).
The universities that did this missed out on a great transformation in the discipline, as the spread of computers made it possible to analyze the vast quantities of data that had been collected. Led mostly by Midwestern public universities, a renaissance of geographic analysis emerged. In the meantime, something resembling the historical geography of Sauer began to reappear at the universities that had smashed it, under the name "Regional Science".
Unfortunately, the lack of advocacy for geographic education at the highest levels of academia percolated down to secondary and elementary education. At the same time, the political and military domination by the United States in the 1950's and 1960's eroded the place of geographic knowledge in many Americans' value systems. It simply became less important in some people's minds to undertand the world around them. As a result, elementary schools across the country cut out geography altogether, or watered it down into "social studies". As is plain to see, the world is still suffering from it.
New Sensation
The 1960's and 1970's saw the emergence of new geographic and carogtaphic techniques involving computers. Geographic Information Systems really took off in the 1980's as computers became more affordable. For the first time, geography majors could make good money outside academia doing something they found interesting. But it left the old-time regional specialists wondering what had happened to their science. Mailing lists in the early 1990's were full of flame wars over the topic "Is GIS Science?" (The answer is, It depends on what you mean.) Today, GIS is a ubiquitous tool of management and governance.
As the world's population skyrocketed in the last half of the 20th Century, it has become more and more important to understand all aspects of geography. If you're going to be constantly bumping into elbows, it behooves you to understand where the elbows are, and how they got there.
Ge*og"ra*phy (?), n.; pl. Geographies (#). [F. g'eographie, l. geographia, fr. Gr. ; , , the earth + description, fr. to write, describe. See Graphic.]
A treatise on this science.
Astronomical, or Mathematical, geography treats of the earth as a planet, of its shape, its size, its lines of latitude and longitude, its zones, and the phenomena due to to the earth's diurnal and annual motions. -- Physical geography treats of the conformation of the earth's surface, of the distribution of land and water, of minerals, plants, animals, etc., and applies the principles of physics to the explanation of the diversities of climate, productions, etc. -- Political geography treats of the different countries into which earth is divided with regard to political and social and institutions and conditions.
© Webster 1913.
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How do I keep an nvidia raid 0+1 array from constantly degrading?
I have this new pc since about March, it works fine except that sometimes my raid 0+1 array (4x250Gb Maxtor disks) becomes degraded.
What happens is this: once in a while (lately quite often, thrice in 5 days) one of the disks "disappears", the pc doesn't recognize it anymore and the array gets degraded. Luckily everything keeps on working thanks to redundancy.
I switch off the pc. switch it back on and the disk gets recognized again: then I can use nvidia's mediashield utility to rebuild the array and all is back to normal until it happens again.
Important: the disk is NOT always the same. Sometimes it's one disk, sometimes another.
What could be wrong? I've checked all configuration options in the bios and control panel, it's all good...
Is there a way to convert the array to just 4 separate disks without losing any data and without reinstalling windows?
Daniele BrunengoIT Consultant, Web DesignerAsked:
Who is Participating?
I mean it is right on the edge of failing, and sometimes works and sometimes doesn't, like an engine that needs tuning. Check the hard drives with the manufacturer's diagnostic; a bad drive can sometimes make others behave badly also. The disagnostics can be found on the UltimateBootCD, which you can download for free.
If the drives are SATA, the connectors may be marginal or may have oxidation, preventing good cantact. I would clean those with an eraser to eliminate this. It's also possible you have a power supply problem and the drives are not getting enough power. Swap it for another one to see if this is the cause.
Daniele BrunengoIT Consultant, Web DesignerAuthor Commented:
I don't think it's the power supply, it's a 700W power supply made especially for sli configurations. Can the connectors have oxidation even after some months? What do you mean by marginal (I'm italian...)?
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Harrison, Ross Granville
Harrison, Ross Granville, 1870–1959, American biologist and anatomist, b. Germantown, Pa., Ph.D. Johns Hopkins, 1894. He went to Yale as professor of comparative anatomy in 1907 and held various honorary positions there until his death. He is known for his work on nerve development in the embryo and on nerve regeneration as well as for his discovery of a method of tissue culture that permits study of isolated living cells in a controlled environment.
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Tisha, Advance Happy Birthday! Just in case hindi ko matapos yung talagang gift ko sana, eto na lang. One month early! Love you, girl!
Open your eyes and give me your word.
Open your eyes and give me eternity.
-Vladimir Nabokov
She stirred. Everything else was a blur but the warmth of the arms and body enveloping her.
"Sakura, open your eyes."
The woman found herself against a well-built chest and entrapped in a pair of firm arms. She inhaled his scent and a smile crept up her face.
"I miss you."
Giggling like a little girl, she wrapped her arms around his torso and snuggled deeper. "Silly. We're always together, Sasuke-kun. We're practically inseparable! Ino-pig had been nagging me about that ever since. How can you possibly miss me?"
Taking in one more deep breath of him, she propped herself up to lean against his shoulder. Her eyes were greeted by a vast blanket of green and the wind carried to her open palm little pink petals. Sakura realized they were in their favorite picnic place and training ground. They were currently under their sakura tree, the very witness as to how they made a family.
"Remember when Chisa had her first shuriken throw?" She felt a grumbling as he talked. Sakura stood up and had her hand scour the trunk of their tree.
"Ah, found it!" She exclaimed with much enthusiasm as she ran a hand over the mark left by the shuriken and the name and date carved beside it. "She never stopped bugging you to teach her how to throw them and have you buy her her own set." She pouted playfully with a hand on her waist, "Such a daddy's girl."
He let out a snicker and smiled, "Of course." Her musical laughter followed through as she stepped back to her place beside him.
He held her closer, tighter, and with a breath he said, "Tell Chisa to look at my bottom drawer closet."
"What?" She jumped out of his arms. "You're giving her that already?"
"Tell her I'm sorry I couldn't wait to give it to her on her birthday."
She eyed him quizzically. "You tell her! If I know any better, you just don't want people seeing your precious little daughter glomp you to death."
Obsidian eyes looked away, "Maybe."
In an instant, Sakura had her forehead on his. "You're not sick, are you?" And she was thrown to fits of laughter as they tackled with bouts of tickling fight.
Sakura gave up moments later and buried her face on his nape. Her body was to him, limbs entangled, and he was holding her like there was no tomorrow. She relaxed and closed her eyes, "I love you."
He had a serene smile on his face. "Sakura… When you wake up, promise me one thing…"
Her breathing became steady. "Anything."
A calloused but gentle hand rested on her womb. He swooped down and took her lips to his own.
"She's back!" There was a flurry of motions and the sound of paddles echoed, beeping machines, voices rang throughout. "Continue the blood transfusion, regulate her chakra, keep her stable!"
"Sakura-chan, open your eyes!" A pool of blue greeted her. "Oi! Don't leave us!"
"You want us to leave him there? You don't expect me to leave my husband in that hell, do you?!"
A determined but somehow apologetic eyes with tiger for a face replied, "I'm sorry Sakura-san, but it's been over a week. This mission is a failure; we will just send rescue teams to follow."
"The hell it is!" And she disappeared into the foliage.
Jaded orbs became blinded with white as pristine tears leaked out.
A hand squeezed her owns. Every single one in the room turned away from her inquiring eyes. More tears rolled down, but she kept herself from sobbing.
"How… how many days had he have been…" She couldn't bring herself to spat the word out.
The blond who owned the hand that squeezed hers was the one to answer. "The coroner said four or five days."
And everything fell down. Everyone mourned with her, for her. Ino weeping on Shikamaru's chest, Tenten clinging to Neji's hand, looking away, Lee keeping his head down, Tsunade holding her by the bedside, and Naruto clutching her hand in his, pathetically trying not to shed his tears. Even the dark, pouring skies were doing her a favor. Her cries, her screams, her misery, everything was being drowned and getting her drowned.
Her teacher and somehow mother shook her and took her shaking, raving figure into her arms and tried to calm her down. "Sakura, you have to be strong. You have to be strong for your children!"
She froze at her master's words. "Children?"
"You didn't know?" Tsunade's surprise matched her protégée's. "The baby survived with you. You're pregnant."
Her breathing became steady. "Anything."
Moist returned to overflow her eyes and her sobs became steadier than her previous breakdown.
Everyone fell silent. As if the immeasurable weight of grief she has to carry wasn't enough.
"Chisa," she began with a murmur. "Where's my daughter?"
Naruto reached for her face and wiped her tears with his thumb, "Hinata has her outside, I'll get them." He tried a weak smile.
The couple soon entered with a little girl jumping out of Hinata's arms. "Mama!"
Sakura forced a smile. "How's my baby? Have you been a good girl?" She held her tightly.
"Yes, mama!" The little girl squatted by her side and paused. Little hands reached her and cleared her face of any remnants of her earlier waterworks, "I was a little scared, but I'm okay!" Her daughter's grin mirrored her once own wide grin. "You're gonna be okay too, right Mama?"
She had to smile through her tears. "Of course, baby." Mother and daughter both laid for a while as the people slowly vacated the room, giving the family their needed privacy.
"Chisa, baby…" She whispered in her hair, "I'm afraid we can't see Daddy anymore."
The little one hid her face from her mother and let herself be cocooned by her mother's arms. She buried her face in her chest, "Not ever?"
She couldn't stop the waterworks but she didn't dare sob. "I'm afraid so, Sa-chan." She kissed the top of the tiny, now shaking bop of head she held. "But he's always watching us."
Red pair of puffy eyes greeted her, "Really?" The mother cradled her child's face in her palm. "Really. How could he ignore his little girl? Papa even left us gifts…" She held the wailing child and let her cry as much as she could as her other palm drafted to her womb.
I will.
I love you, too.
The fairest things have fleetest end, their scent survives their close:
But the rose's scent is bitterness, to him that loved the rose.
-Francis Thompson
Plot bunny strikes again. Amazing. Plot, story, words, I did in one day. Nothing compared to my big pile of plots and unfinished stories in my laptop. I guess really should do these things straight in one sitting. Strike whilst the iron is hot!
Fleeting © aPpLecHeRrY™ April 2009
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Algebra 2 Common Core
Published by Prentice Hall
ISBN 10: 0133186024
ISBN 13: 978-0-13318-602-4
Skills Handbook - Factoring and Operations with Polynomials - Exercises: 13
Work Step by Step
Factor $$2x^{3}+4x^{2}-8x.$$ Factor each term: $$2x^{3}=2\times x\times x\times x$$ $$4x^{2}=2\times 2\times x\times x$$ $$-8x=-2\times 2\times 2\times x.$$ The common factors are $2$ and $x$, so factor those out: $$2x^{3}+4x^{2}-8x=2x(x^{2}+2x-4).$$
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21777
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Elementary and Intermediate Algebra: Concepts & Applications (6th Edition)
Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32184-874-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-32184-874-1
Chapter 2 - Equations, Inequalities, and Problem Solving - 2.6 Solving Inequalities - 2.6 Exercise Set: 99
They are not equivalent since the solutions are not the same.
Work Step by Step
The value, $x=-2.5,$ is a solution of the inequality $x\gt-3,$ but is not a solution of the inequality, $x\ge-2.$ Since the solutions of $x\gt-3$ and $x\ge-2$ are not the same, then the inequalities are not equivalent.
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21778
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Chemistry (12th Edition)
Published by Prentice Hall
ISBN 10: 0132525763
ISBN 13: 978-0-13252-576-3
Chapter 6 - The Periodic Table - 6 Assessment: 72
a. Use a magnet b. Melt the copper
Work Step by Step
a. Since iron is magnetic whereas copper is not, using a magnet would draw all of the iron away from the copper. b. Copper has a lower melting point than iron, so heating the mixture to the melting point of copper would separate the copper (liquid) from the iron (solid).
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21779
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Physics: Principles with Applications (7th Edition)
Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32162-592-7
ISBN 13: 978-0-32162-592-2
Chapter 3 - Kinematics in Two Dimensions; Vectors - Problems: 44
a. 628km/h, 5.82$^o$ east of south. b. 16.5km
Work Step by Step
Call east the positive x direction and north the positive y direction. a. Let P denote the Plane, A the Air, and G the Ground. The pair “PG”, for example, represents the plane’s motion relative to the ground. $$ \vec{v_{PG}} = \vec{v_{PA}} + \vec{v_{AG}} $$ $$= (0, -688) km/h + (90.0 cos 45 ^{\circ}, 90.0 sin 45 ^{\circ}) km/h$$ $$= (63.6, -624) km/h$$ $$ \vec{v_{PG}} = (63.6, -624) km/h $$ Find the magnitude using the Pythagorean Theorem and the direction using the definition of the tangent. $$ v_{PG} = 628 km/h$$ The angle is at -84.2$^o$, or 5.82$^o$ east of south. b. The distance the plane is “off” is just the wind speed multiplied by the time. $$(90 \frac{km}{h})(\frac{11}{60} hour) = 16.5 km$$
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global_01_local_2_shard_00001658_processed.jsonl/21788
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The Basics
Roulette is played on a wheel marked with red and black slots numbered 1 through 36, and green slots numbered 0 and 00. A tiny ball is spun in a track above the wheel with the object of the game being to bet on which numbered slot the ball will fall into. The ball is put into play by the Dealer who spins it in the opposite direction of the wheel. You can place your bet at any time until “no more bets” is called out by the Dealer. When the ball drops into a numbered slot, the Dealer marks the winning number on the table and pays out all winning wagers according to the odds.
How To Bet
Place a bet on individual numbers, groups of numbers or adjacent numbers. These bets pay the highest odds. Place an “outside” bet. This means you are wagering on whether the ball will rest in a red or black slot, odd or even number, and/or various other possibilities.The roulette chips you will use to bet on the inside numbers are only valid at the table at which they are issued. Their value is determined at purchase—typically 50¢, $1, $2, $5 or $10 chip values can be chosen. Table minimum bets can be spread across a variety of wagers. All maximum and minimum table limits are posted
at each table.
If you have further questions about Roulette, a Table Associate will be glad to answer them for you. AADAC Toll-Free Problem Gambling Help Line 1-866-332-2322.
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Semiconductor Technology from A to Z
Everything about semiconductors and wafer fabrication
1. General layout
The second important type of transistors, next to the field-effect transistor, is the bipolar transistor. Its mode of operation is based on both charge carriers (thus bipolar), electrons and holes. Bipolar transistors are faster than field-effect transistors, however, they require more space and are therefore more expensive in mass production.
Bipolar transistors consist essentially of two mutually connected p-n junctions with the layer sequence n-p-n or p-n-p. The connections of the bipolar transistor are emitter (E), base (B) and collector (C). While emitter and collector have the same doping, the very thin base layer in-between is doped contrarily.
In this article an NPN transistor in standard buried collector (SBC) construction is described, the mode of operation of PNP transistors is analog (the signs of the applied voltages have just to be reversed).
2. Construction of an NPN bipolar transistor
1. Substrate
Basis for an NPN bipolar transistor is a p-doped (boron) silicon substrate, a thick oxide layer (e.g. 600 nm) is deposited on top.
p substrate
2. Buried Layer Implantation
The oxide serves as an implantation mask. As dopant antimony (Sb) is used, since its diffusion coefficient is lower than of phosphorus, and therefore the dopant won''t diffuse as much in subsequent processes. The highly n+-doped buried collector serves as a low-resistance contact surface for the collector port.
Buried layer
3. Homoepitaxy
In an epitactical process a high-impedance (low n--doped) collector layer is deposited (typically 10 microns).
Low doped homo epitaxy
4. Base implantation
With boron the p-doped base is introduced, a subsequent diffusion step magnifies its dimensions.
Base implantation
5. Emitter and collector implantation
With phosphorus both highly n+-doped emitter and collector junctions are introduced.
High doped emitter and collector
6. Metallization and photolithography
Aluminum is deposited in a sputtering process for contacting and a resist layer is patterned on top of it.
Metallization and photolithography
7. Etching
Finally, the connectors for emitter, base, and collector are structured in an anisotropic dry etch process.
Patterning of aluminum
Due to many improvements, bipolar transistor do have more than three layers (npn or pnp). Nowadays the collector region consists out of at least two variable doped zones. The terms npn and pnp just describe the active area, not the actual filmstack.
3. Mode of operation
The two p-n junctions are hereinafter named as EB (emitter-base) and CB (collector-base). Without an external voltage a depletion zone forms at the interfaces of EB and CB. If a negative voltage is applied to the emitter and a positive voltage is applied to the collector, the depletion zone at EB decreases, while the depletion zone at CB increases. If a positive voltage is now applied to the base, EB becomes conductive - electrons can reach the base layer. As this layer is very thin, the charge carriers can be injected into the collector, where they are extracted due to the positive external voltage. Thus, a current flow from emitter to collector is established. Almost all electrons (> 95 %) can reach the collector if only a small voltage is applied to the base, which means that with a relatively small base current (E to B) a very large collector current (E to C) is possible.
NPN transistor
The two deep p+-doped regions are used for lateral isolation from other components. In addition to the transistor a resistance (not in graphics) is needed, since bipolar transistors can not be controlled currentless.
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January 3, 2018
WTOP Interview: Deciding where to live during and after a divorce
LISTEN NOW! Deciding where to live can be challenging during and after a divorce. Here are some things to consider
Interview Transcript:
Shawn Anderson: 05:11 here on WTOP, another wild trading day on Wall Street [but] this time the DOW closed up 567 points that's a nearly 2.5% increase and the Nasdaq and S&P both 2% today.
Hillary Howard: Joining us live Dawn Doebler, co-founder of Her Wealth and Senior Wealth Advisor at The Colony Group in Bethesda. Great to see you Dawn.
Dawn Doebler: Good to see you.
Hillary: So people have been watching the market you know, a little nervously, what's the backstory here?
Dawn: Well I think you know, many times uncertainty can lead to volatility and that's really what's going on here, there's a lot of uncertainty in the political environment, in inflation and valuations are relatively high. That’s certainly can breed fear about what's coming next and that can tend to feed on itself. So people are inclined to react and then sometimes that causes many people to react, which generally is not something that we recommend and fortunately we saw a nice turnaround today so that's a good sign
Shawn: Alright now let's talk about what we wanted to talk to you about today, unfortunately it's about divorce and if you're getting divorced and you're deciding where to live and whether you should sell your house, these are among the most difficult decisions you can make and it can be fraught with emotional, practical, significant financial implications here, what makes this such a difficult decision for folks going through a divorce?
Dawn: Well you know it can be an emotional decision just like looking at the stock market going up and down and wondering about your retirement and the point that we wanted to make here is that actually you can lose as much from making a poor decision about living situation and divorce as you can from a 1000 point drop in the stock market. So it is an emotional time for many people, so we really suggest that people do what they can to try to cut through to the emotions, not necessarily take recommendations from their friends because every situation is very unique. So we wrote our article to come up with some things for you to think about as well as 6 questions to ask yourself if you think you've landed on a decision.
Hillary: Well what are some of those questions?
Dawn: Well Hillary we’ve outlined 3 basic choices:
1. Certainly staying in your home and there can be merits to that, especially keeping one aspect of your life certain particularly if you have children but what we want people to be considering is long term maintenance cost and really, what are the total costs of keeping your home and can you really afford that and if someone's going to need a mortgage to do that, you have to consider? Do you have the cash flow and do you have the credit rating to qualify for a mortgage, that's something that people often ignore.
2. A lot of people may consider buying a new home, that's an attractive option at this stage of life certainly and under the right circumstances it may give you an option to begin building equity. But, on the flip side, there are a lot of upfront costs and what we see happening is, those costs require cash and often times cash is tight because the joint accounts are frozen, maybe settlement takes longer than expected and also if you're making that decision in haste you may change your mind.
3. So it's not necessarily the best option and that's really why I often recommend that people consider renting, it gives you an opportunity to try out your new lifestyle, see how things go and actually free up some cash flow from other things that you may want to do, like starting a new retirement account or starting a business.
Shawn: Final 30 seconds, how do you know if you're making the best decision?
Dawn: Well once you reach what you think is a decision we have 6 questions. I'm going to give you just my two favorite, the first one is – ask yourself how does the choice meet your needs of yourself and your family now and in the next 5 years and the most important, if you make that choice, what are you giving up with your other financial goals.
Hillary: Alrighty, thank you Dawn. That's Dawn Doebler with the Colony Group, for more go to wtop.com and search Her Wealth.
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03/19/2014 01:53 EDT | Updated 05/19/2014 05:59 EDT
EASTER: Recipe for lemon-olive oil mini cakes with pecans and strawberries
So we created these dairy-free mini cakes that are rich with olive oil and lemon juice — in fact, 1 cup of each. The tender cakes — which deliver a delicious punch of lemon — also are covered with strawberry jam, then with a layer of toasted and chopped pecans. Delicious, fresh and simple.
Servings: 10
2 cup sugar
4 eggs
1 cup olive oil
1 cup lemon juice
1/2 teaspoon kosher salt
2 1/2 teaspoons baking powder
2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
9 1/2-ounce jar strawberry jam
1 cup finely chopped toasted pecans
Fresh strawberries, to garnish
Heat the oven to 375 F. Coat a rimmed baking sheet with cooking spray, then line it with kitchen parchment.
Using a food processor, puree the strawberry jam until smooth.
Nutrition information per serving: 580 calories; 300 calories from fat (52 per cent of total calories); 33 g fat (4.5 g saturated; 0 g trans fats); 70 mg cholesterol; 69 g carbohydrate; 4 g fiber; 40 g sugar; 7 g protein; 270 mg sodium.
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ATbar Trans-European Trends in Right Wing Extremism
Trans-European Trends in Right Wing Extremism
26/07/2011 | by Whine, Michael
This chapter examines the effects that the easing of Europe’s borders and the development of information and communications technologies are having on the outlook and activities of right-wing extremists. It will argue that these developments are the new ‘enablers’ allowing white supremacists and neo-Nazis to connect and move closer to the cooperation that earlier extremists argued for, but failed to accomplish. Of course right-wing extremists are not the only political activists who benefit. The extreme left has always been internationalist, and anti-globalization protestors communicated and organized across borders to stage demonstrations and riots in Gothenburg (2000), Genoa (2001) and elsewhere. The extreme right, however, has not, and attempts to create enduring international collaboration have been less successful.
The chapter’s focus is on white supremacists, neo-Nazi groups and the youth cultures they frequently recruit from, rather than parties, although there may be links between them. Their lifestyles are a consequence of easier movement and the adoption of contemporary cultures, most notably music and clothing. A trend towards focused terrorist violence is also emerging.
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210 Questions View all
LCD Frame, Same with different Models?
Hi, looking to replace my LCD/Digitizer on my M8. Are the LCD frames all the same? Can I purchase a Sprint LCD/Digitizer to fit with my Verizon phone? Thanks for any help.
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I beleive that all carriers use the same display. They may put there logo on the display but other than that I believe they're the same. I have been looking to replace a display in the m8 aswell and have not come across a LCD/Digitizer that is carrier specific. Some may have it in their title but usually in the description it says compatible with all m8 models. Their windows model may be an exception. I'm sure the carriers just add their logos but do not have an influence on the display assemblies design.
So yes you should be able to use sprits display in verizons phone without issues. Sprint and Verizons logic boards look identical as well.
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Jennifer L. Strohecker (Intermountain Medical Center, USA) and Wendy Athens (University of Florida, USA)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-1936-4.ch015
The core instructional objective was a behavior change: Clinicians must ask patients about HDS use when taking a medical history and document this use in the medical record. HDS use is prevalent among Americans and sales are increasing. When taken in conjunction with prescription medications, HDS-drug interactions are common and may result in unexpected and serious patient harm. Patient’s failure to report HDS use to their medical provider, and a provider’s failure to ask specifically about HDS use, further complicate the picture.
Chapter Preview
Setting The Stage
Patient safety was the impetus for clinician training within a large western U.S. healthcare organization. It was deemed crucial for a clinician to recognize that HDS use is common and underreported, and that this use may influence the efficacy and safety of drugs with a narrow safety window, such as warfarin. Warfarin (Coumadin®) is a gold standard anticoagulant for prevention of stroke and venous thromboembolism, yet many factors can influence warfarin safety and efficacy. Variations in diet, alcohol consumption, and drug or herbal supplement use may alter warfarin levels, leading to either bleeding complications or treatment failure (stroke). Warfarin accounts for more emergency room visits than any other drug (Budnitz, 2007), and in 2009, the Joint Commission made the appropriate use of warfarin a National Patient Safety Goal (
National surveys indicate that 50% of U.S. adults (>50 years) use Herbal and Dietary Supplements (HDS), and use may be greater in warfarin-treated patients (Strohecker, 2012). Of great concern is the lack of communication between patient and clinician about HDS use. Nearly two-thirds of Americans who use HDS, including warfarin-treated patients, fail to report use to their medical provider (Barnes, Bloom, & Nahin, 2008; Strohecker, 2012). This translates to the odds of 5.4 to 1, or 81% chance, that the patient is taking HDS and the clinician never asks about their use (Strohecker, 2012). This communication gap leaves room for dangerous drug-herb interactions, as the majority of most commonly used HDS have the potential to interact with warfarin (Strohecker, 2012).
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The Secret Token (Hardcover)
By Andrew Lawler
Doubleday Books, 9780385542012, 448pp.
Publication Date: June 5, 2018
List Price: 29.95*
* Individual store prices may vary.
A sweeping account of America's oldest unsolved mystery, the people racing to unearth its answer, and the sobering truths--about race, gender, and immigration--exposed by the Lost Colony of Roanoke
In 1587, 115 men, women, and children arrived at Roanoke Island on the coast of North Carolina. Chartered by Queen Elizabeth I, their colony was to establish England's first foothold in the New World. But when the colony's leader, John White, returned to Roanoke from a resupply mission, his settlers were nowhere to be found. They left behind only a single clue--a "secret token" carved into a tree. Neither White nor any other European laid eyes on the colonists again.
What happened to the Lost Colony of Roanoke? For four hundred years, that question has consumed historians and amateur sleuths, leading only to dead ends and hoaxes. But after a chance encounter with a British archaeologist, journalist Andrew Lawler discovered that solid answers to the mystery were within reach. He set out to unravel the enigma of the lost settlers, accompanying competing researchers, each hoping to be the first to solve its riddle. In the course of his journey, Lawler encounters a host of characters obsessed with the colonists and their fate, and he determines why the Lost Colony continues to haunt our national consciousness.
Thrilling and absorbing, The Secret Token offers a new understanding not just of the first English settlement in the New World but of how its disappearance continues to define--and divide--America.
About the Author
ANDREW LAWLER is the author of the highly acclaimed Why Did the Chicken Cross the World?. He is a contributing writer for Science, a contributing editor for Archaeology Magazine, and has written for The New York Times, The Washington Post, National Geographic, Smithsonian, and Slate.
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