id
int64 5
4.87M
| title
stringlengths 1
208
| text
stringlengths 0
233k
| is_disambiguation_page
bool 2
classes | is_sexual_page
bool 2
classes | is_violent_page
bool 2
classes | url
stringlengths 31
778
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8,010 |
FM TOWNS ããŒãã£ãŒ
|
FM TOWNS ããŒãã£ãŒ(FM ã¿ãŠã³ãº ããŒãã£ãŒãFM TOWNS MARTY)ã¯ã1993幎2æ16æ¥ã«å¯å£«éãçºè¡šããåæ20æ¥ã«çºå£²ããFM TOWNSç³»ã®ã³ã³ã·ã¥ãŒãåããã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢æ©(CD-ROMãã¬ã€ã€ãŒ)ã
ãã£ããã³ããŒã¯ãããŒãã£ãŒã«ãã£ã³ãã«ãåãããããã€ã¡ãŒãžãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã¯ã¯ãã®ãMr.Tãã§ãéµäŸ¿å±ã®ç°¡æä¿éºã®CMã«ãç»å ŽããŠããã
å¯å£«éãããLISTæ¹åŒã(Line Interpolation Scaning Technology)ãšããç»ååŠçæè¡ãå©çšãããããªä¿¡å·ããã(ã¯ã³ãããã®ã¹ãã£ã³ã³ã³ããŒã¿)ãéçºããããšãåããŠäŒç»ãããããã®æè¡ã«ããã640Ã480ããã(VGAçžåœã®ç»é¢è§£å床)ã®ç»åãäžè¬ã®ãã¬ãã§è¡šç€ºããããšãå¯èœãšãªã£ããšããŠããããã以åã«ã¯ããã¬ãæ¥ç¶ããã¿ã€ãã®ã²ãŒã æ©ãããœã³ã³ã¯320Ã240ãããã®è§£å床ãåæã«ããã®ãåºæ¬ã§ãã£ãã
å®¶åºçšãã¬ããžã®æ¥ç¶ã«ç¹åãå°ååãããFM TOWNSã§ãããæ¬äœè²ã¯çœãCPUã¯80386SX(ã¯ããã¯åšæ³¢æ°16MHz)çžåœåã§ãæ§èœçã«ã¯å代FM TOWNSçšåºŠã§ãããRGBã®ä»£ããã«S端åãåããã
ããŠã¹ã®ä»£ããã«ãå°çšã®ãžã§ã€ãããã䜿ã£ãŠæäœã§ããããããã«ã¯ZOOMãã¿ã³ãã€ããŠããã察å¿ãœããã§ã¯ããŒãçã«ç»é¢ã®æ¡å€§è¡šç€ºãå¯èœã§ãããããŒããŒãã¯å¥å£²ã§ããããããããŒãã£ã³ã°ã®CD-ROMãš3.5ã€ã³ã2HDã®FDDãããããäžåºãã€æèŒããŠãããã»ãã«PCã«ãŒãã¹ãããããããæ¬æ¥ã¯ICã¡ã¢ãªã«ãŒãçšã®JEIDA4.0仿§ã§ã¯ããããå°çšã®ã¢ãã ã«ãŒãã䜿çšã§ãããèé¢ã«ã¯èãã¢ãŒã«ããããæ¡åŒµãã¹ãããã
åœåå¯å£«éã§ã¯ãã¬ããæèããŠã察å¿ãœããããçªçµãããã£ã³ãã«ããšåŒãã§ããã
FM TOWNSåãã®CD-ROMãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®å€ãããã®ãŸãŸå©çšã§ããããšããè§Šã蟌ã¿ã ã£ãããã ããããŒãã£ãŒçºè¡šæç¹ã§å¯å£«éããå
¬è¡šãããŠããéããããŒãã£ãŒçºå£²åŸã®FM TOWNSã¿ã€ãã«ã¯ããœããã®ããã±ãŒãžã«ãããŒãã£ãŒå¯Ÿå¿ããšããæ³šææžãããªããšäœ¿çšã§ããªãã£ãã
ãªãããŒãã£ãŒçºå£²åŸã®FM TOWNSã¿ã€ãã«ã¯ãããŒãã£ãŒå°çšIPLãæžã蟌ãŸãããœãããŠã§ã¢ãšãæ§æ¥ã®FM TOWNSçšãœããã®IPLãæžã蟌ãŸãããœããã®ã¿ããã®ãŸãŸèµ·åãããããŒãã£ãŒçºå£²ä»¥åŸã«çºå£²ããããFM TOWNSå°çšIPLãæžã蟌ãŸãããœããã¯ãããŒãã£ãŒæ¬äœã®ãããã¯ãã«ããèµ·åããªãã
ããŒãã£ãŒçºå£²ä»¥åã«çºå£²ãããŠããTOWNSã¿ã€ãã«çŽ660æ¬ã®ãã¡ãçŽ200æ¬ãããŒãã£ãŒå¯Ÿå¿ã§ãæ°äœãœãããå«ãããšçºå£²æç¹ã§çŽ250æ¬ã®ãœãããããŒãã£ãŒå¯Ÿå¿ãšãããŠããã
å¯å£«éãšããŠã¯ãå®¶åºçšã²ãŒã æ©ããžãã¹ãåèã«ããããœãããŠã§ã¢ãã³ããçç£å§èšæãªã©ã®åç®ã§ãããŒããã³ãã«ãœããã®çç£æ°ã«å¿ããã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹æãæ¯æããã€ã€ã«ãã£åŸŽåæ¹åŒã®ããžãã¹ã¢ãã«ãæããŠããæ§ã§ããã
ã²ãŒã æ©ã«å¯Ÿæã§ããç°¡æãªã²ãŒã çšããœã³ã³ãšããã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã§ãããåœåãçºå£²ãã3幎ã§è²©å£²å°æ°100äžå°ãšããç®æšãç«ãŠãŠããããããã売ãäžãã¯äœè¿·ãã1993幎12ææ«æç¹ã§ãããŒãã£ãŒã®çޝèšåºè·å°æ°ã¯4.5äžå°ã ã£ãã
äž»ãªåå ãšããŠäžèšãæããããã
ç¿1994å¹Žãæ¬äœäŸ¡æ Œã6äž6000åã«äžããŠè²ãã°ã¬ãŒã«ãããããŒãã£ãŒ ã¢ãã«2ãã®æå
¥ãè¡ãããããããæ§èœçã«ã¯äœãå€ãã£ãŠããããäžèª¿ã«çµãã£ãããã®åŸããŒãã£ãŒã¯äžå€ã·ã§ããã«ç©ãŸããããããã§ãããŸã売ããæ°é
ã¯ãªãã£ãã
ããŒãã£ãŒã®çªç¶ã®çºè¡šãšå€±æã¯ãäžæã¯å
調ã«ãªã£ãŠããããšæãããFM TOWNSã®åžå Žã«ãéã«æ°ŽããããŠããŸã£ãããŸããåœææµè¡ããŠãããããŒãã£ãŒã®æ³åãã«ã²ã£ãããŠãã売ããå¯èœæ§ã®ãªãç©ã¯å£²ããªãã=ãããŒãã£ãŒã®æ³åããšãæ¶æãããããã ãäŸ¡æ ŒããèŠåãã°ã¢ãã«ãã²ãŒã ã«ã¯æé«ã®ç°å¢ããšãã話ãèãããã
1995幎ãFM TOWNSå¯äžã®ã©ãããããã¢ãã«ãšããŠæè²åžå Žåãã«ãFM TOWNSII ã¢ãã«SNããçºå£²ãããéããããããæ¬æ¥ããŒãã£ãŒã®ããã¹ãå§¿ã§ãã£ããšããèšäºãã¿ããããäœãSNã¯æ¬äœäŸ¡æ Œ52äž8000åãšããŒãã£ãŒãšæ¯èŒãããšããªãé«é¡ãªäŸ¡æ Œèšå®ã§ãã£ãã
1993幎10æã®ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã·ã§ãŒã«ãŠãã«ãŒããã²ãŒã·ã§ã³æ©èœãåããã«ãŒããŒãã£ãŒ(CAR MARTY)ãçºè¡šããã1994幎ã«å¯å£«éãã³ããçºå£²ããããå¯å£«éãšããŠåããŠã«ãŒããã²ãŒã·ã§ã³åžå Žã«åå
¥ããåœæãšããŠã¯åããŠäžæ¹éè¡ãèæ
®ããã«ãŒãæ€çŽ¢ãå¯èœãã»ãã«ãå¥å£²ã®3.5ã€ã³ãFDDã§ã«ãŒãæ
å ±ãå°ç¹ç»é²ãèµ°è¡è»è·¡ãªã©ãä¿åã亀æãå¯èœãªã©çŸåšã®ã«ãŒããã®åç¹ãšããã¹ãæ©èœãããã€ãèŠåããããããã¡ãããéåžžã®ããŒãã£ãŒåãã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãåäœãããã«ãŒããã®ãœãããŠãšã¢ã¯å°çšPCã«ãŒãã«èšé²ãããGPSã¢ã³ããã¯æ¥ç¶ã§ããªããã®ã®ãã«ãŒãæ€çŽ¢ãã³ãŒã¹ç·šéçã¯FM TOWNSã·ãªãŒãºã§ã䜿çšå¯èœã ã£ãã
ã¡ãã¥ãŒããŒãçŽ æ©ã2åæŒããšãç»é¢äžã®èªè»ã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒããã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ã«ãŒããç¬ã«å€ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_TOWNS_%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC
|
8,011 |
ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢æ©
|
ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢æ©(ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢ãããã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢ãã¬ã€ã€ãŒ)ãšã¯ãã³ã³ã·ã¥ãŒãåãã®ããœã³ã³ãšã²ãŒã æ©ã®äžéçãªååšã®ãã®ãç·ç§°ããŠããåŒã¶ããæç¢ºã«æ±ºããããå®çŸ©ã¯ãªãã
CD-ROMãã©ã€ããæèŒããã²ãŒã çšã³ã³ãããŒã©çšåºŠã®ç°¡çŽ ãªå
¥åæ©åšãå
¥åã«å¿ããåç»ãé³å£°ããã¬ãã«åºåããæ©èœãæã€ãåŠç¿ãœãããæ åã³ã³ãã³ããªã©äž»ã«ã²ãŒã 以å€ã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãäœéšããããšãäž»ç®çãšãããã®ãæãã
äž»ãªç¹åŸŽã¯ã次ã®éãã
æäŸããããœãããŠã§ã¢ã¯ãããŒããŒããèŠããªãæäœç³»çµ±ããå®¶åºçšãã¬ãã®è§£å床ã«ãããã倧ããªæåãæ¡çšããŠãããªã©ãã²ãŒã æ©çšã®ãã®ã«è¿ãç¹æ§ããã€ãã®ãå€ãã
ããœã³ã³ãšäºææ§ãæããããã®ããããããœã³ã³ãšãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢æ©ã®äž¡æ¹ã§äœ¿çšã§ãããœãããŠã§ã¢ããã£ãã
ã²ãŒã æ©ãšã®éãã¯ã察象ãšãªããœãããŠã§ã¢ãã²ãŒã ã®ã¿ããã以å€ã察象ãšããŠãããã§ãããããããæšä»ã²ãŒã æ©ã«ãããŠããã²ãŒã 以å€ã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãæäŸãããããšãå€ããªããäž¡è
ã®åºå¥ã¯ãããŸãã§ããã
éå»ã«ããã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢æ©ããšããŠå£²ãåºãããæ©åšã®å€ãããã³ã³ã»ãããæç¢ºã«ãªããã«è²©å£²äžæ¯ã«é¥ã£ãããšããããã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢ããšããèšèãæ°ãããæããããèšèã§ã¯ãªããªã£ãŠããŠããããšãªã©ãããæè¿ã§ã¯ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢æ©ã®æ§æ Œãæããæ©åšã§ãã£ãŠãããœãããŠã§ã¢ã®äž»è»žãã²ãŒã ã«çœ®ããäžã§ã²ãŒã æ©ãšããŠå£²ãåºãåŸåã«ããã
äžæ¹ãã²ãŒã æ©ã®é«æ§èœåã«äŒŽããåŸæ¥ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢æ©ã§ããå®çŸã§ããªãã£ããåç»ãé³å£°ãæ±ããœãããŠã§ã¢ãã²ãŒã æ©ã§ããæ®éã«å®çŸããããšãã§ããããããã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢æ©ãã²ãŒã æ©ãšã¯å¥ã«çºå£²ããå¿
èŠã¯ãªããªã£ããã®ãšãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E6%A9%9F
|
8,012 |
ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿
|
座æš: åç·¯37床58å17ç§ æ±çµ23床43å36ç§ / åç·¯37.97152床 æ±çµ23.72659床 / 37.97152; 23.72659
ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿(ãã«ããã³ããã§ããåž: ΠαÏΞεΜÏΜ, ããŒãå: Parthenon)ã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢æä»£ã«ã¢ããã€ã®ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã®äžã«å»ºèšããããã¢ããã€ã®å®è·ç¥ã§ããã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®å¥³ç¥ã¢ããŒããŒãç¥ãç¥æ®¿(en)ã§ãããçŽå
å447幎ã«å»ºèšãå§ãŸããçŽå
å438幎ã«å®å·¥ãè£
食çã¯çŽå
å431幎ãŸã§è¡ãããããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢å€ä»£(en)建ç¯ãçŸä»£ã«äŒããæãéèŠãªãããŒãªã¢åŒå»ºé ç©ã®æé«å³°ãšèŠãªããããè£
食圫å»ãã®ãªã·ã¢çŸè¡ã®åäœã§ããããã®ç¥æ®¿ã¯å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ãããŠæ°äž»æ¿ã¢ããã€(en)ã®è±¡åŸŽã§ãããäžççãªæåéºç£ãšããŠäžçéºç£ã«èªå®ãããŠãããç¥æ®¿ã¯å®å
šãªæ°ç¯ã§ã¯ãªãã倿¥ãã«ããã³(en)ãšåŒã°ããã¢ããŒããŒã®ç¥æ®¿ããã£ãããçŽå
å480幎ã®ãã«ã·ã¢æŠäºã«ãŠç Žå£ãããåŸã«å建ãããåœæãã£ãå€ãã®ç¥æ®¿ãšåæ§ã«ããã¹åçããããŠåŸã®ã¢ããã€åžåœã®åœåº«ãšããŠäœ¿ãããã6äžçŽã«ã¯ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã¯ããªã¹ãæã«åã蟌ãŸããçç¥å¥³ããªã€èå ãšãªã£ãããªã¹ãã³åžåœã®å é (en)åŸã®1460幎代åé ã«ã¯ã¢ã¹ã¯ãžãšå€ããããç¥æ®¿å
ã«ã¯ããã¬ãããèšããããã1687幎9æ26æ¥ããªã¹ãã³åžåœã«ãã£ãŠç«è¬åº«ãšããŠäœ¿ãããŠããç¥æ®¿ã¯ãŽã§ããã£ã¢å
±ååœã®æ»æã«ãã£ãŠççºçäžããç¥æ®¿å»ºç¯ã圫å»ãªã©ã¯ã²ã©ãæå·ãåããã1806幎ããªã¹ãã³åžåœã®äºæ¿ãåŸã第7代ãšã«ã®ã³äŒ¯ããã¹ã»ãã«ãŒã¹ã¯ãç¥æ®¿ããçŒãæ®ã£ã圫å»é¡ãåãå€ããŠæã¡å»ã£ãããããã¯1816幎ã«ãã³ãã³ã®å€§è±åç©é€šã«å£²åŽãããçŸåšã§ããšã«ã®ã³ã»ããŒãã«ãŸãã¯ãã«ããã³ã»ããŒãã«ã®åã§å±ç€ºãããŠãããã®ãªã·ã¢æ¿åºã¯ããã圫å»ã®è¿åŽãæ±ããŠããããå®çŸã«ã¯è³ã£ãŠããªããã®ãªã·ã¢æåã»èгå
åº(en)ã¯ããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã®éšåçãªç Žå£ã®ä¿®åŸ©ãä¿å
šãªã©ãåŸäžã«äŒããããã®å建èšç»ãå®è¡ããããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã®ããäžã®äžã¯ãäžçã©ãªãŒéžææš©(WRC)ã®äžæŠãã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã»ã©ãªãŒã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãå°ç¹ãšããŠãæåã§ããã
ããã«ããã³ãã®åç§°ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢èªã®ãÏαÏΞεΜÏΜã(åŠå¥³å®®)ããæ¥ãŠããããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿å
ã«ã¯ãã®åç§°ãã€ããããç±æ¥ãšãªã£ãç¹å¥ãªéšå±ãåããããŠãããšããããã ãããã®éšå±ãã©ããããŸãäœæ
ãã®ããã«åŒã°ããã®ããšããç¹ã«ã¯è«žèª¬ãããå€å
žã®ãªã·ã¢èªèŸå
ž (LSJ) ã§ã¯ããã®éšå±ã¯è¥¿ã®æ¿ã«ãã£ããšèšãããžã§ããªãŒã»Mã»ãã¥ãŒã€ããã¯ããã³ã¢ããã€ã¢ç¥(en)ã§ã¢ã¬ãã©ãã¹(en)ãä»ç«ãŠããããã¹ãã¢ããŒããŒã«ç®äžããããã4人ã®å°å¥³ãæãéžã¶éšå±ã ãšè¿°ã¹ããã¯ãªã¹ããã¡ãŒã»ããªã³ã°ã¯ãã¢ããŒããŒã»ãã«ããã¹(åŠå¥³ã®ã¢ããŒããŒ)(en)ãžã®ä¿¡ä»°ã¯åå¥çãªã¢ããŒããŒåŽæããèµ·ããã坿¥ã«é¢é£ããªãããåäžåããããšãªãããããŠå®ãç¥ãšããŠã®ã¢ããŒããŒä¿¡ä»°ãšãªã£ããšäž»åŒµããããã®èãã«ããã°ãããã«ããã³ãã¯ãåŠå¥³ç¥ã®å®®æ®¿ããšæå³ããã¢ããŒããŒã»ãã«ããã¹ãžã®ä¿¡ä»°ãšã®é¢é£æ§ãæã€ããšã«ãªãããä¹å¥³ãå°å¥³ãã§ãããšåæã«ãåŠå¥³ãæªå©ã®å¥³æ§ããæå³ããç¹ã«éç£ã»ç©ãã»æ€ç©ã®å¥³ç¥ã¢ã«ããã¹ãæããŠäœ¿ããããparthénosã(ã®ãªã·ã¢èª: ÏαÏΞÎΜοÏ)ããæŠç¥ãšæŠè¡ã»æèžãããŠå®è·µçæ§ãåžãã¢ããŒããŒã«å ããããŠããçç±ãäžæçã§ããããã®äžæ¹ã§ã宮殿ã®åç§°ããåŠå¥³ããæç€ºããç¹ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãéœåžã®å®å
šãç¥é¡ããããã«åŠå¥³ãæé«ã®äººèº«åŸ¡äŸã«ãããããšã«é¢é£ãããšææããæèŠãããã
ãã®å»ºé ç©å
šäœãããã«ããã³ããšåœ¢å®¹ããæåã®äŸã¯ãçŽå
å4äžçŽã®æŒèª¬è
ãã¢ã¹ããã¹ã«èŠãããããã ã5äžçŽã®äŸã§ã¯ããã åã«ããã»ããŒãªã¹ã(ᜠΜαÏÏ ãç¥æ®¿ã)ãšåŒã°ãããç¥æ®¿ã建ç¯ããã€ã¯ãã£ãã¹ãšã«ãªã¯ã©ãã¹ã¯ãä»ã¯å€±ãããææžã§ãã®å»ºç¯ç©ãããã«ãã³ããã¹ã(áŒÎºÎ±ÏÏÎŒÏÎµÎŽÎ¿Ï ãçŸã®è¶³ããã€ãã®ã)ãšåŒãã§ãããšèšãããã1äžçŽã«ãã«ã¿ã«ã³ã¹ã¯ããã«ãã³ããã³ã»ãã«ããã³ããšè¡šèšãã4äžçŽä»¥éã«ã¯ãã«ãã³ããã¹ããã«ãã³ããã³ããã«ããã³ã®åŒç§°ããããã䜿ãããã
çŸåšã®ãã«ããã³ã«åœããèåã«ã¢ããŒããŒã»ãã«ããã¹ãç¥ã£ãç¥æ®¿ã建ãŠãããšããæåã®å°œåã¯ããã©ãã³ã®æŠã(çŽå
å490幎âçŽå
å488幎)ãçµãã£ãçŽåŸã«å§ãããããã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã®äžã®ååŽã«ã匷åºãªç³ç°å²©ã®åºç€ãæ·ã䞊ã¹ãããã¢ããŒããŒã»ããªã¢ã¹(éœåžã®å®è·ç¥ã¢ããŒããŒ)ã®å€é¢šãªç¥æ®¿ã®å»ºèšãå§ãŸã£ãããããããã®å€ãã«ããã³(en)ãšèšåããã建ç¯ç©ã¯çŽå
å480幎ã«ã¢ã±ã¡ãã¹æã䟵æ»ãã¢ããã€ã®éœåžãç Žå£ãå°œãããæãæªã 建èšéäžã«ãã£ãã
çŽå
å5äžçŽäžé ãããã¹åçãæç«ããæã«ã¯ã¢ããã€ã¯åœæã®æåçãªäžå¿ãæ
ã£ãŠãããæ¿æš©ãææ¡ããããªã¯ã¬ã¹ã¯éå¿çãªå»ºç¯èšç»ãç«æ¡ãããã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã®äžã«çŸåããéèŠãªå»ºç¯ç©ã§ãããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ããããã¥ã©ã€ã¢ããšã¬ã¯ãã€ãªã³ãã¢ããã»ãã±ç¥æ®¿ã¯åœæã«å»ºç«ããããã®ã§ããããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã¯åœ«å»å®¶ãã€ãã£ã¢ã¹(ãã£ãã£ã¢ã¹)æå°ã®ããšå»ºèšããã圫å»è£
食ãåœŒã®æã§æœãããã建ç¯å®¶ã€ã¯ãã£ãã¹ãšã«ãªã¯ã©ãã¹ãçŽå
å447å¹Žã«æœå·¥ãéå§ããçŽå
å432幎ã«ã¯ã»ãŒå®äºããããè£
食ã®è£œäœã¯å°ãªããšãçŽå
å431幎ãŸã§ã¯ç¶ç¶ãããŠããã
ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿å»ºèšãžã®æ¯åºæçްãäžéšæ®ã£ãŠãããããã«ãããšã¢ããã€ãã16kmé¢ãããã³ããªã³ã³å±±(en)ããåãåºããç³æ(倧çç³)ã䜿ãããŠãã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ãŸã§ã®ééã«å€é¡ã®çµè²»ãæãã£ãããã®è³éã®äžéšã«ã¯ãçŽå
å454幎ã«ããã¹å³¶ããã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã«ç§»ãããããã¹åçã®å®ç©ãå®ããããã
ããŒãªã¢åŒãäŒããç¥æ®¿ã§ãçŸåãããã®ã®äžã§ã¯ããã¡ã€ã¹ãã¹ç¥æ®¿(en)ãæãåŸæã®åœ¢ãæ®ããŠãããã建èšåœæã®ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã¯æé«å³°ã®å»ºç¯ã ã£ãããžã§ã³ã»ãžã¥ãªã¢ã¹ã»ã¯ãŒããŒ(en)ã¯ãã(ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã¯)ä»ãŸã§å»ºèšãããå
šãŠã®äžã§ç¡äºã®ããŒãªã¢åŒå»ºç¯ç©ãšããè©ã«æµŽããŠãããå€ä»£ã®ãã®ã§ãããªããããã®å»ºç¯ã«ããªããæ°åã¯äŒèª¬çã§ããããç¹ã«ã¹ã¿ã€ãããŒãã®æ¹Ÿæ²ãããŒããã€ããããããªã¹(æ¬æ®¿)(en)ã®å£ããšã³ã¿ã·ã¹ã®åæ±ãªã©ãå·§ã¿ãªèª¿åãéžããŠãããããšè©ãããããšã³ã¿ã·ã¹ããšã¯ãäžã«åããã«ã€ã倧ãããªãåæ±ã®ããããªèšãã¿ãæãããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã®ããã¯å
äŸã®èå·»ã®ãããªåœ¢ç¶ã«æ¯ã¹ãã°å€åã¯å°ãªããåæ±ãç«ã€ã¹ã¿ã€ãããŒãã¯ãä»ã®ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥æ®¿ãšåæ§ã«ã»ãã®å°ãäžã«åžã®æŸç©ç·ç¶ã®åœ¢ããªããŠãããããã¯éšãææ°Žããæå³ãçã蟌ãŸããŠããããã®åœ¢ãããããšåæ±äžéšã¯å€åãã«éããŠããã®ã§ã¯ãšæããã¡ã ããå®éã«ã¯å
åŽãžãããã«åŸããŠç«ãŠãããŠãããæ±ã¯ã©ããåãé·ããããŠããããã®ããã¢ãŒããã¬ãŒãã屿 ¹ãã¹ã¿ã€ãããŒãäžéšãšåæ§ãªæ¹Ÿæ²ãããããŽãŒãã ã»ã¹ãã£ãŒãã³ã¹ã¯ç¥æ®¿ã®è¥¿åŽåé¢ãæ±åŽããããããã«é«ããªã£ãŠããç¹ãšäœµããŠãå
šãŠãç¹çŽ°ãªæ²ç·ãæ§ç¯ããèŠåã«åŸã£ãŠããããšææããããã®ãããªèšèšã«å«ãŸããæå³ã«ã€ããŠããå
ãããããæ°åããçã£ããšãã説ãããããäžçš®ã®ãé¯èŠã«ããé説ç广ããçã£ããšèããããã2æ¬ã®å¹³è¡ç·ãæãæ±ãèŠäžããæãæ¢ãªã©ã®æ°Žå¹³éšåããããã§ãããäž¡ç«¯ãæ²ãã£ãŠãããã®ããã«èŠããç¥æ®¿ã®å
šæ¯ãæŠèгãããšããŸãã§å€©äºãåºãæªãã§ããé¯èŠãèŠããŠããŸãäºãã®ãªã·ã¢äººã¯æèããŠããå¯èœæ§ãããããããé¿ããç¥æ®¿ãå®å
šã«èŠããããã«èšèšè
ã¯ãããšæ²ç·ãå ããé¯èŠãè£ãæå³ããã£ããã®ãšèããããããããŠãçŽç·ã ãã§æ§æãããåçŽãã€å¡çŸã®ç¥æ®¿ãšå·®å¥åããèºåæããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã«äžãããšãã説ãããã
ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ãªã©ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã®å»ºé ç©ã«ã¯ãé»éæ¯ã«åºã¥ããŠå»ºèšããããã®ãè€æ°ååšãããšããç ç©¶å ±åãããããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã®æ£é¢å
šè²ã¯åèŠçŽ ãšãã©ãé»éé·æ¹åœ¢ã§å²ãããŠããããã®ãèšèšã«é»éæ¯ãçšããããäºè±¡ã«ã€ããŠã¯ããã«è¿å¹Žç ç©¶ãé²ã¿ãç¥æ®¿ã«èŠããããšèšãããŠããé»éæ¯ã¯åŸä»ã®éœåžäŒèª¬ã§ãã£ãŠãå®éã«ã¯æ£ç¢ºãªæ¯çã«ãªã£ãŠããªãã
ã¹ã¿ã€ãããŒããæž¬å®ããçµæããããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã®åºç€ã¯é·ã69.5m(228.0ãã£ãŒã)ãå¹
30.9m(101.4ãã£ãŒã)ã§ãããè宀(en)ã¯é·ã29.8m(97.8ãã£ãŒã)ãå¹
19.2m(63.0ãã£ãŒã)ã§ãããå
éšã«ã¯å±æ ¹ãæ¯ãã2åã®æ±ãç«ãŠãããŠãããå€åšã«ããããŒãªã¹åŒåæ±ã¯çŽåŸ1.9m(6.2ãã£ãŒã)ãé«ã10.4m(34.1ãã£ãŒã)ã§ãããåé
ã®åæ±ã¯è¥å¹²å€§ãããæ±ã®åèšã¯å€åšã«46æ¬ãå
éšã«19æ¬ããããã®éãåšå®¹ãæãããããæ£é¢ã®æ±ãéåžž6æ¬ã®ãšãã8æ¬ã«ããããšã®èª¬ããããã¹ã¿ã€ãããŒãã¯æ±è¥¿ã®ç«¯ã§60mm(2.36ã€ã³ã)ãååã§110mm(4.33ã€ã³ã)äžåãã«æ¹Ÿæ²ããŠããã屿 ¹ã¯å€§ããªå€§çç³ã®å¹³çŠãšäžžçŠ(en)ã§èºãããŠããã
ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã«äœ¿ãããç³æã¯ãåæ±ã®ãã©ã 1ååœããã5-10ãã³ãæ¢æã¯15ãã³çšåºŠã®ééã§ãã£ãããããã¯é«ãå å·¥ãæœãããäŸãã°åæ±ãã©ã ã®æ¥åé¢ã«ããåžå¹ã¯1/20mm以äžã«æãããã颿¥åã®å¯ç粟床ã¯1/100mm以äžã§ããããšãžããã®ãã©ãããã®ããã«èª¿æŽçšã¢ã«ã¿ã«ã¯äœ¿ãããŠããªãããã®ç²ŸåºŠã¯ãæ€æ»çšã®å¡æãå¡ã£ãåç€ãçšæããæ¥åé¢ãšåç€ãæºãåãããŠåžé¢ãæ€åºã磚ãäœæ¥ãç¹°ãè¿ããŠå®çŸãããç³æã®åãäžãã«ã¯æ»è»ãšå·»ãäžãè£
眮ãåããã¯ã¬ãŒã³ãå®çšåãããŠãããããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããç³æã«ãåãäžãæã«ç¶±ãåŒã£æããçªèµ·ãæºãã€ããå å·¥ãè¡ãããã
ããŒãã®å
æ±åŒ(en)ãããŠåšæ±åŒ(en)ãæã¡ãã€ãªãã¢åŒã®å»ºç¯æ§åŒãåããããŒãªã¢åŒç¥æ®¿ã§ãããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã«ã¯ããã€ãã£ã¢ã¹ã補äœãçŽå
å439幎ãç¿å¹Žã«ç®çŽãããã¢ããŒããŒã»ãã«ããã¹ã®ã¯ãªã¹ãšã¬ãã¡ã³ãã£ã³(圫å)(en)ããã£ããåœåãè£
食ã®ç³ã®åœ«å»ã«ã¯åœ©è²ãæœãããŠãããç¥æ®¿ãã¢ããŒããŒãå¥ãããã«ãªã£ãã®ã¯ãã®é ããã§ãããã建èšãã®ãã®ã¯çŽå
å432幎ã®ãããããœã¹æŠäºåçºã®é ãŸã§ç¶ãããçŽå
å438幎ãŸã§ã«ã¯å€åŽã®åæ±äžã«ããå°å£ãšè宀äžã®å£ã®äžéšã«ããã€ãªãã¢åŒå°å£ã«ããŒãªã¢åŒã®åœ«å»è£
é£Ÿãæœãããããããã®åœ«å»ã¯ç¥æ®¿ã豪è¯ã«é£Ÿããå®ç©åº«ãšããŠã®åœ¹å²ã«ãµãããããäžãããè宀ã®å¥¥ã«ãããªãã¹ããã¢ã¹ (opisthodomus) ãšåŒã°ããéšå±ã«ã¯ã¢ããã€ãçäž»ãšããããã¹åçãæ åºããå®ç©ãçŽãããããæ¥æ¬ã®ãã¬ãçªçµãæ¥ç« äžçã»ãµããçºèŠ!ãã§ã¯ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã«ãããžã§ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãããã³ã°ã§è²åœ©ãæœããã
ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã«ã¯72æã®é«æµ®ãã圫ãã¡ããŒã(é·æ¹åã®åœ«å»å°å£)(en)ãããããã®æ§åŒã¯åŸæ¥ãç¥ã«æ§ããå¥çŽã®åãçŽãã建ç©ã«ã®ã¿çšããããŠããã建ç¯èšé²ã«ãããšããããã¯çŽå
å446幎ãã440幎ã®éã«è£œäœããããšããã圫å»å®¶ã®ã«ã©ãã¹ (Kalamis) ããã¶ã€ã³ãããšèããããããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿æ£éçé¢ã®äžã«åœããæ±åŽã®ã¡ããŒãã¯ããªãªã³ãã¹ã®ç¥ã
ãå·šäººãšæŠã£ãã®ã¬ã³ãããã¢ãŒãäž»é¡ãšããŠãããåæ§ã«ã西端ã®ã¡ããŒãã¯ã¢ããã€äººãšã¢ããŸãŒã³ã®æŠã(è±èªç)ãååŽã¯ã©ãããŒã¹æãããŒã»ãŠã¹ã®å©ããåããŠå人åç£ã®ã±ã³ã¿ãŠãã¹ãšç¹°ãåºããæŠã(en)ãã¢ããŒããšãªã£ãŠãããåé¢ã®äž»é¡ã¯ãããã€ã¢ã®èœåãã§ããã
ã¡ããŒãã®13çªãã21çªã¯å€±ãããŠããŸã£ããã1674幎ã«ãã©ã³ã¹ã®ãã«ã³å€§äœ¿ãã¯ã³ãã«äŸ¯çµã«éè¡ããç»å®¶ã®ãžã£ãã¯ã»ã«ã¬ã€(en)ãæããçµµããããã¢ããã€åæã®ç¥è©±ãªã©ã«ããã©ãããŒã¹æã®çµå©ã«ãŸã€ããäŒèª¬ãæãããŠãããä¿åç¶æ
ãæªãåé¢ã®ã¡ããŒãã«ã¯ãã€ãŒãªãªã¹ã®é¥èœã®æ
äºã圫ããããšæãããŠããã
ã¡ããŒãã¯ã身äœéåãçèã§ãªã茪éã§å¶éããŠããæŠå£«ã®è¡šæ
ããã±ã³ã¿ãŠãã¹ã®äŒèª¬(en)åã«ãããŠéèãŸã§å¿ å®ã«è¡šçŸããæ§ãåæããçµæããã峿 Œæ§åŒ(en)ãçŸåšã«äŒãããã®ãšå€æããããç¥æ®¿ã«æ®ãããã¡ããŒãã¯ååŽã®ãã®ãé€ãã©ããé
·ãçãã§ããŸã£ããå€ããããã®ã¯ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹åç©é€šã倧è±åç©é€šãã«ãŒãŽã«çŸè¡é€šã«ä¿ç®¡ãããŠããã
ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ãæã€æãç¹åŸŽçãªè£
食ã¯ãè宀ã®å€å£ãåãå²ãã€ãªãã¢åŒã®ããªãŒãºã§ããããããæµ
ãæµ®ãã圫ãã®ããªãŒãºã¯ãå
¥ããããæ¥ä»ã«ãããšçŽå
å442幎ããçŽå
å438å¹Žã«æ®ããããã
ããè§£éã«ãããšãããã¯ã±ã©ã¡ã€ã³ã¹ã«ãããã€ãã¥ãã³ã®äºéé (Dipylon Gate)ãåºçºãã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ãŸã§è¡é²ãããã³ã¢ããã€ã¢ç¥ (en)ã®æ§åŒåãããå§¿ãåãããšèšãããããã®ç¥ãã¯æ¯å¹Žéãããããç¹å¥ãªå€§ç¥ã4幎ã«1床å¬ããããã®éã«ã¯ã¢ããã€äººã«å€åœäººãå ãã女ç¥ã¢ããŒããŒãžçèŽãšæ°èª¿ããããããã¹(é«è²Žãªå®¶æããéžã°ãããã¢ã¬ãã©ãã¹ããšåŒã°ãã7-11æ³ã®å°å¥³2-4人ãäžå¿ã«ãããšã¬ã¬ã¹ãã£ãã€ããšåŒã°ãã幎é·ã®å°å¥³ãã¡ãæå©ãã9ã¶æãããŠç¹ããããã¬ã¹)ã®å¥çŽãè¡ãããã
æè¿ããžã§ãŒã³ã»ãã«ãã³ã»ã³ããªãŒ(en)ãç°ãªãè§£éãææ¡ãããããã«ãããšãããªãŒãºã®ããŒãã«ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ãåºç€ã«ããããšã¬ã¯ããŠã¹ã®æã幎å°ã®åšãã³ããŒã©ãŒãã¢ããŒããŒãžæ§ããããæ
äºãæãããšããè§£éã詊ã¿ãŠããããã®äººèº«åŸ¡äŸã®æåã¯ããšã¬ãŠã·ã¹ã®çãšãŠã¢ã«ãã¹ãã¢ããã€ãæ»ããããè»ãéçµããéãéœåžãå®è·ããã¢ããŒããŒã®æ±ãããã£ããšèããŠããã
2äžçŽã®æ
è¡è
ããŠãµãã¢ã¹ã¯ãã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã蚪ããéã«èŠããã«ããã¹ç¥æ®¿ã«ã€ããŠã女ç¥ã®éãšè±¡çã®åãæžãã€ã€ãããã£ã¡ã³ã(åã劻å屿 ¹ã®ç Žé¢šéš)ã®çãèšé²ãæ®ããã
ããã£ã¡ã³ãã®è£œäœã¯çŽå
å438幎ããçŽå
å432幎ããã£ãŠè¡ããããããããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã®åœ«å»ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢å€å
žèžè¡ã®åäœã§ãããå¥ãåºãã®ããŸãã¯èãããã³ãéããŠãªãæçã«äœèº¯ãæãåããã€ã€ãèã
ãšè¡šçŸãããçèã«ãã£ãŠæãåºãããæŽ»åã¿ãªããèäœã®èªç¶ãªåãã衚çŸããŠãããç¥ã
ãšäººéã®åºå¥ã¯ãçæ³äž»çŸ©ãšèªç¶äž»çŸ©ã®ãµãã€ãæŠå¿µçã«çžäºäœçšãããäžã§ãŒããããã€ã€ã圫å»å®¶ã®æã«ãã£ãŠç³ã«å»ã¿èŸŒãŸããããããããã®ããã£ã¡ã³ãã¯çŸåšã«äŒãã£ãŠããªãã
ç¥æ®¿ã®æ£é¢ã«åœããæ±ããã£ã¡ã³ãã«ã¯å¥³ç¥ã¢ããŒããŒããŒãŠã¹ã®é éšããèªçããç©èªãæåããããŽãã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã«ãããšãæ¿ããé çã«æ©ãŸããããŒãŠã¹ãèŠçãåãããããã«ç«ãšéå¶ã®ç¥ããŒãã€ã¹ãã¹ã«åœããŠæ§ã§é ãå©ãããããããšãŒãŠã¹ã®é ãè£ããäžããé§å
ãçºã£ã女ç¥ã¢ããŒããŒãé£ã³åºããããã®æ
æ¯ãæ±ããã£ã¡ã³ãã¯æåããŠããã
ãã®æ±ããã£ã¡ã³ãã¯æäŒã«è»¢çšãããéã«æ¹ç¯ã®ããç Žå£ãããŠãããã1674幎ã«ãžã£ãã¯ã»ã«ã¬ã€(en)ãåçãæ®ããŠããããããŠãå建æã¯ãããå
ã«æšæž¬ãæ³åãå ãããããã¢ããŒããŒèªçã®åºæ¥äºã§ã¯ããŒãŠã¹ãšã¢ããŒããäžå¿ã«ãããŒãã€ã¹ãã¹ãããŒã©ãŒãªã©äž»ã ã£ããªãªã³ãã¹ã®ç¥ã
ãåšããåãå²ãã§ããªããã°ãªãããã«ã¬ã€ã®çµµãäžå¿ã«ååã«é
åãå ããŠå建ãè¡ãããã
ãããã¥ã©ã€ã¢(æ£é)ã«é¢ãã西ããã£ã¡ã³ãã¯ãã¢ããŒããŒãšãã»ã€ããŒã³ãéœåžã®å®è·è
ããç«å Žãäºã£ãå§¿ã衚çŸãããŠãããäºæ±ã®ç¥ã¯äžå€®ã§å¯Ÿå³ããåããããäºãã®äœèº¯ãäžå¿ã«å¯Ÿç§°ãæããåãã£ãŠå·Šã®å¥³ç¥ã¯ãªãªãŒãã®æããå³ã®æµ·ç¥ã¯å°çãæã¡æ®ããäžåã®æ§ãããããæã«æã¡ããã£ãªãªãããçœãèã
ãã銬ãšãã¢ããã€ç¥è©±ã®åæ§ãåããè»å£ãåŸããªãããç Žé¢šã®éè§ãªé¢ãåããŠããã
ãã€ãã£ã¢ã¹äœãšå€æããŠãããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã®åœ«åã¯ãå¯äžããªã¹(æ¬æ®¿)ã«çŽããããã¢ããŒããŒåã ãã§ãããããã¯å€§ããªéãšè±¡çã®åœ«åã§ãã£ããçŸåšã¯å€±ããããã®åãã壷ã®çµµãå®ç³ã®ã«ãããç¡¬è²šã®æå ããã³æç« ã§è¡šçŸãããå
容ããæ®ã£ãŠããªãã
ã¢ããã®ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ç¥åã®éé¢ã¯éåžžã«å€ããæ°ç³åšæä»£ã«é¡ãç¯å£ããã±ãŒãæä»£ã®åå£è·¡ãçºèŠãããŠããããããžã¢ããŒããŒã»ãã«ããã¹ã®èåãèšããããšãã詊ã¿ã¯ããã©ãã³ã®æŠã(çŽå
å490幎-çŽå
å488幎)åçºã®é ã«è¡ããããããã¯ããã€äœããããå®ãã§ãªããªãªãŒãã®æšã§åœ«ãããã¢ããŒããŒã»ããªã¢ã¹ã®åãç¥ã£ãå€é¢šãªç¥æ®¿ã®æšªã«ãã£ããã«ãã³ãã€ãªã³ãšãã建ç©ãåãæ¿ããŠå»ºãŠãããããã®ãå€ãã«ããã³ããšèšããç¥æ®¿ã¯çŽå
å480幎ã«ã¢ã±ã¡ãã¹æãã«ã·ã¢ãã¢ããã€ãå æ ãéã«ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹å
šäœãšãšãã«å®å
šã«ç Žå£ããããããã®æç¹ã§æªã 建èšäžã ã£ãããã®å€ãã«ããã³ã®å»ºç¯ãšç Žå£ã¯ããããã¹ãäŒããåæ±ã®äžéšã¯ãšã¬ã¯ãã€ãªã³ååŽã®å¹å£ã«ãçŒã«èŠããåœ¢ã§æµçšãããã1885幎ãã1890幎ã«ãããŠãPatagiotis Kavvadiasãè¡ã£ã調æ»ã§å€ãã«ããã³ã®éºæ§ãèŠã€ãããååšã確èªãããããŽã£ã«ãã«ã ã»ãã«ããã§ã«ããäž»å°ãããã€ãèå€åŠç ç©¶æ (German Archaeological Institute) ãææ®ãå·ã£ããã®çºæã§ã¯ããã«ããã§ã«ããããã«ããã³IããšåŒã¶å
ã
ã®å€ãã«ããã³ã®åºç€éšåããçŸåšã®ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ãšãããäœçœ®ã«ããããšãçºèŠããåŸæ¥ã®å®èª¬ã«èšæ£ãå ããããã«ããã§ã«ãã®èª¿æ»ã«ãããšãå€ãã«ããã³ã¯3段ã®åºç€ãããã2段ã¯åå°ãšåãããã¹å³¶ã®ç³ç°å²©ãçšããããŠããã®ã«å¯Ÿãæäžæ®µã¯Karrhaã®å€§çç³ã䜿ãããããã¯åŸã«èŠããããªã¯ã¬ã¹æä»£ã®ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã®åºç€æ®µãšãªã£ãããã ãããã¯èŠæš¡ãå°ããåæ¹åã«ãããŠãããçŸåšã®ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ãæ§æ¥ã®å»ºç©ããã£ãœããšèŠãã€ã€å
šãæ°ãã«å»ºèšãããäºã瀺ããçºæã«é¢ããæçµå ±åã§ã¯ããè€éãªå³ã瀺ããããã®åºç€ãå·æ¿å®ãã¢ã³æä»£ã®å£ãšåãæä»£ã®ãã®ã§ããããããã¯å€ãã«ããã³å»ºèšåŸæã®ãã®ã§ããå¯èœæ§ã瀺ããã
å€ãã«ããã³ãçŽå
å480幎ã«ç Žå£ãããã®ãªãã°ãå建ããããŸã§33幎ãã®é厩ãããŸãŸæŸçœ®ãããŠããã®ãçåãæããããããã«ã€ããŠãçŽå
å479幎ã®ãã©ã¿ã€ã¢ã®æŠããåã«è¡ãããããã«ã·ã¢äººã®æŽèãå¿ããªãããã«ãç Žå£ãããèåã¯å建ããªãããšããã®ãªã·ã¢åçã«ãã宣èªã圱é¿ããåæããã£ããçŽå
å450幎ã®ã«ãªã¢ã¹ã®åçŽæç«ã§ã¢ããã€äººã¯ãã®å®£èªãç¡å¹ã«ããããšãã§ãããããããŸã§å建ã«åãæãããªãã£ãçç±ã«ã¯ããã«ã·ã¢ã®äŸµæ»ã«æã£ãŠãããã財æ¿çäœè£ãç¡ãã£ããšãããããµããèæ¯ããã£ããããããããŒãã»ãããžã»ãã«ãè¡ã£ãçºæããããã¢ã³åšä»»ã®çŽå
å468幎以éã®æä»£ã«ã¯ã2ã€ç®ã®ãã«ããã³(ãã«ããã³II)ããååšãããšèããããããã«ã®äž»åŒµã§ã¯ããã«ããã§ã«ããçºèŠããããã«ããã³Iãæäžæ®µã«åœããKarrha倧çç³ã¯ãããã«ããã³IIã3段ã®1çªäžã«åœããããã®åºå£ãæ·èšãããé¢ã¯23.51Ã66.888m(77.13ãã£ãŒãÃ219.45ãã£ãŒã)ã«ãªããšèšç®ããã
1885幎ã®çºæã§ã¯ãæãèµ·ããææ®µãæ
éãã«æ¬ ããäžã«ãªãã¡ã€ãªã³ã°ãéã ã£ãããå€ãã®éèŠãªèšŒæ ã倱ãããŠããŸããèå€åŠã®é åºã ãŠæ³(en)ã§ã¯å€ãã«ããã³ã®æä»£èªå®ã¯æçã«ã§ããªãã£ãã1925幎ãã1933幎ã«ãããŠãB.ã°ã©ãŒããšE.ã©ã³ã°ãããã¯ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ããåºåããé¶åšã®ç Žçãç ç©¶ãã2å·»ã®è«æãèãããããã«åœ±é¿ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®èå€åŠè
ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãã«ã»ãã£ã³ã¹ã ãŒã¢(en)ã¯ãç¥æ®¿åºç€ã®å¹Žä»£ç¹å®ãšãã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã®çåã®äžã«é ãããŠãã5ã€ã®å£ã«é¢ããç ç©¶ãçºè¡šããããã£ã³ã¹ã ãŒã¢ã¯ããã«ããã³Iãã®å»ºèšå¹Žãæãæ©ããšãçŽå
å495幎ãšãããã«ããã§ã«ãã®èããšççŸããçµè«ãå°ãããããã«ãã£ã³ã¹ã ãŒã¢ã¯ããã«ããã§ã«ããå®çŸ©ããããªã¯ã¬ã¹æä»£ã®ããã«ããã³IIã以åã«ç¥æ®¿ã¯2ã€ãã£ããšäž»åŒµããã1935幎ã®ãAmerican Journal of Archaeologyãã«ãŠããã£ã³ã¹ã ãŒã¢ãšãã«ããã§ã«ãã®2äººã¯æèŠã亀æãåã£ãŠããã
å€ä»£ã«ãããŠã宿ç建é ç©ã¯é«å°ã«ç«ãŠãããããšãå€ããããã¯æš©åšãé«ãã广ããããããããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã¯ãã®å
žåãšèšããã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã®äžããã¯çŽå
å8äžçŽé ã®éé
補ããªãããçå¥çŽåãåºåããåããåºåããç¢æããçŽå
å6äžçŽé ã«ã¯éé
ã倧çç³ã®å¥çŽåãæ®ããããŠãããçŽå
å5äžçŽã«ãããå建ã¯ãåœæãã«ã·ã£ãžå¯Ÿæããã®ãªã·ã¢è«žéœåžåœå®¶ã®äžæ žãå ããã¢ããã€ã®åšä¿¡ãç¥ãããã圹å²ãæ
ã£ããã®ã ã£ãããã®ææ³ã¯ãç¥æ®¿ã®äžå¿ã«ä¿¡å¥ãã女ç¥ã¢ããã眮ãããã®åæ¹ã«ç°æ°æãåç©ãéè®ãªåšèŸºéšæãå¶å§ããã¢ããŒããé
ããå
šäœã®æ§å³ã«è¡šãããã®ãªã·ã¢çæ¯é
æ§é ãšã¢ããã€ã®åªäœæ§ã象城ããŠããã
ãããŠããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã¯å¯Ÿãã«ã·ã¢æŠåèšå¿µã®æ§æ Œãæã¡ããã«ããã€ã«å¯Ÿããã®ãªã·ã¢ã®åå©ãèšå¿µããæ©èœããã£ãã西åŽã¡ããŒãã®ã¢ããŸãã¹ãšã®æŠãã¯éå»ãã䜿ãããã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã§ã¯äžè¬çãªã¢ããŒãã ãããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã®ããã¯æ»ã蟌ãã¢ããŸãã¹ããã¢ããã€ãé²è¡ããæ
æ¯ãæãããŠããããã®ä»ã®åœ«å»é¡ãæ§ã
ãªç¥è©±äžã®æµãšã®æŠããæãããããã¯ç°æ°æã§ãããã«ã·ã¢ãšã®æŠéãšææããã®ãªã·ã¢ã®åå©ã象城ããŠããã
ãã®äžæ¹ã§ãå¿
ãããçŸä»£çãªçšèªãç¥æ®¿ãã§æ³èµ·ãããæ©èœã ããæ
ã£ãŠããèš³ã§ã¯ãªãã建ç©å
ã«å°ããªå»ºå±ãåããŠå€æ¥ããã®ã¢ããŒããŒã»ãšã«ã¬ã (Athena Ergane) ãç¥ãèåãçºèŠãããŠããéœåžã®å®è·è
ã¢ããŒããŒã»ããªã¢ã¹ (Athena Polias) ã®åŽæã®å Žã§ã¯ç¡ãããããã¹ãçãŠãªãªãŒãã®ã¯ãœã¢ãã³(en)ãæã€å¥³ç¥ã®å®æçã€ã¡ãŒãžã¯ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ååŽã®å€ãç¥å£ã§ç¥ãããããããŠããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã¯æ¬è³ªçã«å®ç©åº«ãšããŠå©çšãããã
ãã€ãã£ã¢ã¹ãå¥çŽãã巚倧ãªã¢ããŒããŒåããŸããåŽæã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã§ã¯ãªãããããªã宿çãªçãäžãããèšé²ãããŠããªãããããªãåžç¥ãç¥å£ãç¡ãã瀌è³ããåç§°ãç¡ãããã¥ããã£ãã¹ã«ãããšãããªã¯ã¬ã¹ã¯ãã®åããéã®èãããšåŒã³ããç§»åå¯èœãª40ã¿ã¬ã³ãã®çŽéãå«ãããšèšã£ããšäŒãããã¢ããã€ã®æ¿æ²»å®¶ã¯ãéã¯åœæã®é³é æè¡ã§ãã€ã§ãåãåºãããšãã§ãããã®è¡çºã¯å¥ã«ä¿¡å¿ã«åãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããšã»ã®ããããããã ãããã®ã¢ããŒããŒåã¯ç²åãè±ããå·Šæã¯ãããçŸãæ²ããäžãããŸãŸã«ä»»ããªãããå³ã®æã«åå©ã®å¥³ç¥ããŒã±ãŒãèŒããŠãããããã¯åå©ã§çµããæŠãã象城ããæŠåèšå¿µã®äžç°ã§ããèŠçŽ ãåæ ããŠããã
ãã®ãããªç¹ã¯ããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ããã ã®åŽæã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãæŠåã®èšå¿µã ãã§ãªããã€ãã£ã¢ã¹ãå¥çŽããã¢ããŒããŒåã®å£®å€§ãªåçŽæ®¿ãšèŠãªãã¹ãç¹ãããããããŠåæã«ãçŽå
å454幎ã«ããã¹ããã¢ããã€ãžç§»ãããããã¹åçã®åºéãä¿ç®¡ããéšå±ãåããåœåº«ãšããæ©èœãæã£ãã
çŽå
å4äžçŽã«å
¥ããšãã¢ããã€ã¯ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ãã倧çã®ãã±ããã¢çåœã«ãããã¬ããºã æåã®åœ±é¿äžã«å
¥ããã®ãªã·ã¢æåãåŸç¶ãããã¬ããºã æä»£ã®çãã¡ã¯ããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ãå°éãã€ã€ãèªãã®çäœãæš©åšã¥ããå ŽãšããŠçšãããçŽå
å1äžçŽã«ãã«ã¬ã¢ã³åœçã¯ç¥æ®¿ã«åœ«å»çŸ€ãå¥çŽãããããã®äžã«ã¯ã¬ãªã¢äººãšã®æŠããæãããã®ãå«ãŸããŠãããããã«åŸã®ããŒãçåžããã®ãã«ãã£ã¢æŠäºãã¢ããŒããšãã圫å»ãã¢ããã€äººã«ãã£ãŠå ããããããããã¯ããã¬ããºã ãããŒãåžåœãã®ãªã·ã¢ã®åŸç¶è
ããããšãç¥ããããç®çãæã£ãŠããããããããã«ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã¯ä¿ãããçµæã«çµã³ä»ããã
ãã«ã·ã¢æéãèšå¿µãããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã ãããã®åŸã®ã²ã«ãã³äººäŸµå
¥ã«ãã被害ãåããäºããã£ããã¢ããã€ã¯267幎ã«ãã«ãªã¢æã396幎ã«ã¯è¥¿ãŽãŒãæã«å
å²ããããããã®ããããã®æŠéã§ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã¯æŸç«ããæšè£œã®æ¢ãçŒãèœã¡ããªã©è¢«å®³ãåããããã®åŸãããŒãçåžã®åœã§ç¥æ®¿ã¯ä¿®åŸ©ãããããããã¯æ§æ¥ã®å§¿ãžå®å
šã«æ»ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã屿 ¹ã¯éšåçã«ããæ¶ãããããæ±ããã¬ããºã çãªãã®ãžå€ãã£ãã
ãã®åŸã®æ±ããŒãåžåœæä»£ããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã¯ãã®æ©èœã倧ããå€ããããšã«ãªãã5äžçŽã«å
¥ããšãã³ã¢ããã€ã¢ç¥ã¯å»ããåäžçŽæ«é ã«ã¯ã¢ããŒããŒã»ãã«ããã¹åãããªã¹ãæä¿¡å¥è
ããšæãããå¢åã«ãã£ãŠæã¡åºããæåšäžæãšãªãããããŠ6äžçŽãã7äžçŽé ãç¥æ®¿ã¯ç«¥è²å¥³ããªã€èå ã«å€ããããã³ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ãã£ããŒãã«ããšãã§ãœã¹ããããµãããã«æ¬¡ã4çªç®ã«éèŠãªå·¡ç€Œå°ãšãªã£ãããã®æ¹ç¯ã§å
é£ã®å£ã¯äžéšãå£ãããŠéè·¯ãšãããéã«å»ºç©æ±ã®éã¯å£ã§å¡ãããã1018幎ã«ã¯ãã·ã¬ã€ãªã¹2äžãç¬¬äžæ¬¡ãã«ã¬ãªã¢åžåœãšã®æŠäºã«åå©ããèšå¿µã«ããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã«åæããããã¢ããã€ãžçŽã«å·¡ç€Œãããäžäžã«ã¯çç¥å¥³èå ãšãããã
ã©ãã³åžåœã®æä»£ã«ã¯ãèæ¯ããªã¢(en)ã®ã«ããªãã¯æäŒãšããŠ250幎é䜿çšããããç¥æ®¿ã¯æ¹ç¯ãåããå
éšã®åæ±ãè宀ã®å£ã®äžéšãåãæããã建ç©ã®æ±ç«¯ã«ã¯ã¢ãã¹ãå¢ç¯ããããä¹ã«ä»éãã圫å»ã®ããã€ããå€ãããŠè¡æ¹ç¥ãããšãªã£ãããã®ããã«ãç¥ãç¥ãæ§åŒãã¯ãªã¹ãã£ã³ã®ãã®ãžå€æŽãããäžããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã¯ç Žå£ãããå€å®¹ãå ããããã
1456幎ãã¢ããã€ã¯ãªã¹ãã³åžåœã®å é äžã«çœ®ãããããããšä»åºŠã¯ããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã¯ã¢ã¹ã¯ã«æ¹ç¯ãããããªã¹ãã³åžåœã¯é å°ã®éºè·¡ã«ã¯äžå®ã®æ¬æãæãç¡åå¥ãªç Žå£ãè¡ããªãã£ãããããã¯ä¿å
šã«åªãããšããäºã§ã¯ãªããæŠæã«é²å£ãèŠå¡ã建èšããããã«éºè·¡ã®ç³æãªã©ãæµçšããããšããã£ããããã«ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã«ã¯ããã¬ãããå¢ç¯ããããã®ç¥æ®¿ã«çžåœããé«ãã®é段ã¯ä»ã§ãæ®ã£ããŸãŸãåæ±ã®å°èŒªãé ããŠããŸã£ãŠããããããããªã¹ãã³åžåœã¯ç¥æ®¿ãã®ãã®ã«ã¯å€æŽãå ããã17äžçŽã®ãšãŒããã人蚪åè
ã¯ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã®äžã«æ®ãä»ã®å»ºç¯ç©ãšãã©ãæä»ããã®ãŸãŸã«çœ®ãããŠããããšã蚌èšããã
1687幎ãç¥èåçã«å çãããŽã§ããã£ã¢å
±ååœãšãªã¹ãã³åžåœãæŠã(倧ãã«ã³æŠäº)ããã©ã³ãã§ã¹ã³ã»ã¢ããžãŒãçãããŽã§ããã£ã¢ãã¢ããã€ãæ»æããéããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã¯æå€§ã®ç Žå£ã被ãããªã¹ãã³åžåœã¯ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ãèŠå¡åããç¥æ®¿ã匟è¬ã®è²¯èµåº«ãšããããŽã§ããã£ã¢ãšã®æŠäºã®éã«ã¯ããã«å¥³ãåäŸãé¿é£ãããããããã¯ãŽã§ããã£ã¢åŽãç¥æ®¿ãæ¬ãæ»æãå ããªãã ãããšæåŸ
ãã察å¿ã ã£ããããã9æ26æ¥ããŽã§ããã£ã¢ã®èŒç ²ããã£ãããã¹ã®äžããç ²æãå ãããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã®åŒŸè¬åº«ãççºãç¥æ®¿ã¯äžéšãç Žå£ããããç¥æ®¿ã®å
éšæ§é ã¯ç Žå£ããã屿 ¹éšåã®éºæ§ã厩ããæ±ãç¹ã«ååŽã®ãã®ãæãããã圫å»ã®è¢«å®³ã¯ç倧ã§ãå€ããå£ããå°é¢ã«èœã¡ããã¢ããžãŒãã¯å¥èœãã圫å»é¡ãæŠå©åãšããŠç¥å¥ªããåŸã«çµã¿çŽãããããã®çµæã圫å»ã食ãããŠããéã®é
眮ã¯ã1674幎ã«ãžã£ãã¯ã»ã«ãªãŒãæããçµµããæšãéãããšããã§ããªããªã£ãããã®åŸãã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã®å€ãã®å»ºç©ã¯æã¡æšãŠãããå°ããªã¢ã¹ã¯ã ãã建ãŠãããã
18äžçŽã«ãªããšãªã¹ãã³åžåœã¯åæ»ç¶æ
ãšãªãããã®çµæãšãŒããã人ãã¢ããã€ã蚪åããæ©äŒãå¢ããããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã®ãããªçŸèгã®çµµãæ°å€ãæãããã®ãªã·ã¢ã«å¯Ÿããæç(ã®ãªã·ã¢æ(en))ãæ²žãèµ·ãããã€ã®ãªã¹ããã©ã³ã¹ã§ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¬ç«ã®äžè«ãé«ãŸã£ãããã£ã¬ãã¿ã³ãã£åäŒã®ä»»ãåããŠèå€åŠè
ã®ãžã§ãŒã ãºã»ã¹ãã¥ã¢ãŒã(en)ãšãã³ã©ã¹ã»ãªãŽã§ãã(en)ãã¢ããã€ã«å
¥ã£ãã®ã¯ãã®ãããªåãã®åæã«åœããã圌ãã¯ã¢ããã€ã®éºè·¡çŸ€ã調æ»ãã1781幎ã«ã¯ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã宿ž¬ããæåã®è³æãäœæããŠãAntiquities of Athens Measured and Delineatedã第2å·»ã«åé²ããã1801幎ãã€ã®ãªã¹ã®é§ã³ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ãã£ããŒãã«å€§äœ¿ãšã«ã®ã³äŒ¯ããã¹ã»ãã«ãŒã¹ã¯ãã¢ã¯ãããªã¹éºè·¡ã®ååããšå³é¢ã®äœæãããã³ãã®äœæ¥ã«å¿
èŠãªãã°è¿å¹Žã®å»ºç¯ç©ãå£ãäºããããŠããããæã¡åºãããšãèªããfirman(å
什)ãã¹ã«ã¿ãŒã³ããåŸãããã®å
什ã¯åæ¬ãæ®ã£ãŠããªãããçãããé¢ããããããšã«ã®ã³äŒ¯ã¯èŠã€ãåºãã圫å»é¡ã®æã¡åºããèªãããããšãããæ¡å€§è§£éãããäœæ°ãéãå
¥ãã建é ç©ãã圫å»é¡ãåŒãå¥ãããè¥å¹²ã®ãã®ãæŸãããŸãäœæ°ããè²·ãå
¥ãããªã©ã®ææ®µã§éããããã®ããã«å»ºç©ã¯æ·±å»ãªæå·ãåããããã«ã€ã®ãªã¹ãžèŒžéããã«åœãã£ãŠè»œãããããã«å¥ãåã£ãããªãŒãºã®ãããã¯ãååã«è£ããŠããŸã£ãããããã€ã®ãªã¹ã«æž¡ã£ã圫å»é¡ã¯ãšã«ã®ã³ã»ããŒãã«ãšåŒã°ããã
1832幎ãã®ãªã·ã¢ã¯ç¬ç«ãæãããããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã®ããã¬ããã¯ç®ã«ã€ãéšåãåãå£ãããç¶ããŠã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã«å»ºã€äžäžãšãªã¹ãã³åžåœã®å»ºé ç©ã¯ããšããšãé€ãããããããŠãæ®ã£ãŠãã建ç¯è³æãçšããŠåŸ©å
ãè¡ãããããã®ãããªäžãè宀ã«èšããããŠããå°ããªã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯Joly de LotbiniÚreãæ®åœ±ããåçãæ®ãã1842幎ã«åºçãããã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã被åäœã«ããåã®åçéãExcursions Daguerriennesãã§äŒºãããšãã§ããã
ãã®åŸã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢æ¿åºãçŽèœããŠç®¡çããæŽå²çå°åºã«å®ãããããçŸåšã§ã¯æ¯å¹ŽäœçŸäžäººãã®èгå
客ã蚪ããå建ããããããã¥ã©ã€ã¢ãæãããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ãžè³ãããããã€ãã¯éããæ©ããã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã®è¥¿åŽã®å°éãæ£çããããšãã§ããããããç«ã¡å
¥ãããšãåºæ¥ãå Žæã¯äœãæµã§åºåãããŠãéºè·¡ãå·ãŸãªãããé
æ
®ãããŠããã
äžæ¹ããšã«ã®ã³äŒ¯ãæã¡å»ã£ããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã®ããŒãã«ã¯å€§è±åç©é€šã«çŸåããããã®ä»ã«ããç¥æ®¿ã®åœ«å»ã¯ããªã®ã«ãŒãŽã«çŸè¡é€šãã³ãã³ããŒã²ã³ãªã©ã«ãä¿åãããŠããããçŸåšææç¹æ°ãæãå€ãã®ã¯2009幎6æ20æ¥ã«é通ããã¢ã¯ãããªã¹åç©é€šã§ãããç¥æ®¿ã®å»ºç©èªäœã«ãè¥å¹²ã®åœ«å»ãæ®ã£ãŠããã
1983幎以éãã®ãªã·ã¢æ¿åºã¯å€§è±åç©é€šã«å¯ŸããŠåœ«å»ãè¿éããããæ±ããŠããããããåç©é€šåŽã¯ãããæç¢ºã«æåŠããŠããããã®èæ¯ã«ã¯æ³åŸäžã®åé¡ãéèŠããã€ã®ãªã¹æ¿åºã®æåãããããã®ãããªäž2007幎5æ4æ¥ã«ã®ãªã·ã¢ãšã€ã®ãªã¹ã¯åæåçžå士ããã³ãã³ã§ãæ³åŸé¡§åãååžãäŒè«ã®å Žãæã£ããããã¯ããæ°å¹Žã«ãããæçŸ©æ·±ããã®ã§ãå°æ¥ãžäœããã®è§£æ±ºãèŠåºãããããšãæåŸ
ãããŠããã
1975幎ãã®ãªã·ã¢æ¿åºã¯ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ãªã©ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã®å»ºé ç©ã®ä¿®åŸ©ãžæ¬æ Œçã«ä¹ãåºãã幟蚱ãã®é
ãããã£ãã1983幎ã«ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹åç©é€šã®ç¶æéå¶ãæ
ãå§å¡äŒãèšç«ããããåŸã«èšç»ã«ã¯æ¬§å·é£åãè³éçã»æè¡çæ¯æŽãæäŸãããèå€åŠå§å¡äŒã¯ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã«æ®ãæåéºè·¡ã培åºçã«èšé²ãã建ç¯å®¶ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãå°å
¥ããŠæ¬æ¥ã®äœçœ®ãè§£æãããç¹ã«éèŠã§å£ãããã圫å»é¡ã¯ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹åç©é€šã«ç§»ããããããŒãã«ãããã¯ãåãäžããã¯ã¬ãŒã³ãã䜿çšããªãæã«ã¯ç®ç«ããªãããã«å±æ ¹ã®åŸé
ã«æ²¿ã£ãŠæãç³ãããã®ãå°å
¥ãããã
ä¿®åŸ©äœæ¥ãéããéå»ã«è¡ãããè£ä¿®ãé©åãã«æ¬ ããŠãããšãããçºèŠãããããããã¯åãé€ãããæ
éã«å埩ãè¡ãããŠããããããã¯ã®åºå®ã«ã¯è
é£ãé²ãããã«éã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãæœãããé補ã®Håéå
·ãå
ã
ã¯çšããããŠãããã19äžçŽã®è£ä¿®ã§ã¯ãã®ãããªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãçºãããªãã£ãããéãªã©è
é£ã«ãã£ãŠéå
·ãèšåŒµãã倧çç³ãå²ã£ãŠããŸããªã©æå·ãæ¡å€§ãããŠããããã®ãããéå±è£œåšå
·ã¯åŒ·ããšè»œããå
Œãåããè
é£ã«ã匷ããã¿ã³ãçšããããããã«ãªã£ãã
ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã1687幎以åã®åœ¢ã«åŸ©å
ããããšã¯äºå®äžé£ããããçç Žã«ããæå·ã¯ã§ããã ã軜æžããããç¹ã«ã¢ããã€ã¯å°éãèµ·ããå°åºã§ããããæ§é ã®æ¬ é¥ãè£åŒ·ããããšããåæ±ãæ¥£ç³ã®æ¬ ããç®æã倧çç³ã»ã¡ã³ãã§äžå¯§ã«åããããšãè¡ãããŠããããã®ããã«ã倧çç³ã¯ãã€ãŠãšåæ§ã«ãã³ããªã³ã³å±±ããåãåºãããŠã»ãšãã©å
šãŠã®äž»èŠéšåã«çšããããªãããå¿
èŠã«å¿ããŠè¿ä»£çãªææãæå
¥ããã€ã€å建ã¯è¡ãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3%E7%A5%9E%E6%AE%BF
|
8,013 |
ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹
|
ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹(ã®ãªã·ã¢èª: áŒÎºÏÏÏολιÏ)ãšã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®ããªã¹ã®ã·ã³ãã«ãšãªã£ãå°é«ãäžã®ããšãã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã¯ãé«ããšãããååžããæå³ããé²å£ã§åºããããèªç¶ã®äžã«ç¥æ®¿ãç Šãç¯ãããŠããã®ãæ®éã§ããã
æŽå²ç以äžã®è«žçã®å±
åã§ãã£ããšäŒããããŠãããããªã¹æç«åŸã¯ãç¥æ®¿ãæäºã®éã®é¿é£å ŽãšããŠã®æ©èœãæãã宿çãè»äºçäžæ žãšããŠäœçœ®ã¥ããããããã«ãªã£ããããªã¹æç«ä»¥åã®çåã¯ãéœåžåœå®¶ã®ã·ã³ãã«ãšããŠã®ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ãžãšãã®å§¿ãå€ããã®ã§ããã
ãŸãããã¡ãã¹ã«ããåäºè©©ããªãã¥ãã»ã€ã¢ãã«ã¯ããéã®ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ããèäœã®ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ããšãã£ãæ¯å©ç衚çŸãã¿ãããšãã§ããã
ãªãã§ãæåãªã®ãã¢ããã€ã®ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã§ããããã«ã·ã¢æŠäºæã«æšé 建ç¯ã®ããã«å
šãŠãç°ã«åž°ãããšäŒããããŠãããããã®åŸã®ç³é 建ç¯ã«ããå建ã®çµæãããªã¯ã¬ã¹ã®æä»£ã«æãèŒãããæä»£ãè¿ãã仿¥ã®ç§ãã¡ã®ç¥ãã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ãèªçããã
çŸåšãã®äžã«ã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢çŸè¡ã代衚ãã4ã€ã®åäœããã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ããããã¥ã©ã€ã¢(ç¥åã®å
¥ãå£ã®é)ããšã¬ã¯ãã€ãªã³ãã¢ããã»ãã±ç¥æ®¿ããããäºåå¹Žã®æŽå²ãå»ãã ãã«ããã³ç¥æ®¿ã¯ãçœè²ãšãæ¡è²ãšãã€ããªãå
ã®å æžã§å€åãã倧çç³ã®æ±46æ¬ãé空ãèæ¯ã«èå³ãªé°å²æ°ãæŒãããŠããã
ããã«å¯ŸããŠã¹ãã«ã¿ã®ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã¯äœãç®ç«ããªãäžã§äžã«ç¥æ®¿ãç¯ããããã¬ããºã æä»£ã«ã¯åéšã®æé¢ã«å€§åå Žãã€ãããããã¡ã¬ã©ã®ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã¯åçå
ã®ããã«äžŠã¶äºã€ã®äžéµã§ãã¢ã«ãŽã¹ã§ã倧å°äºã€ã®äžãã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ãšããŠåºãããããã³ãªã³ãã¹ã®ã¢ã¯ãããªã¹ã¯ãåžã®èåŸã«ãã³ãããã¢ã¯ãã³ãªã³ãã¹ããšåŒã°ãã巚倧ãªäžã§ãé äžã«ã¯ã¢ãããã£ãç¥æ®¿ãªã©ã建ãŠãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9
|
8,015 |
ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ (ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿)
|
ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ (è±: character) ã¯ãæåã®ããšã§ããããæ
å ±åŠçã«ãããŠã¯ãæåã³ãŒããã§è¡šããããæåéåããšããéåã®èŠçŽ (ãå
ã)ã®ããšã§ããã
ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®æ
å ±äº€æã«ãããŠããã¹ãããŒã¿ããããšãããå Žåã¯ãåæ¹ãããã«äœ¿çšããæåéåãæ±ºããŠéä¿¡ãè¡ãããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã¯ãã®å Žåã®æå°åäœã§ããã
ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã¯å€§ããåããŠå³åœ¢æå(ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿)ãšå¶åŸ¡æå(ã³ã³ãããŒã«ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿)ããããå³åœ¢æåãå®éã«ç»é¢ã«è¡šç€ºãããæåã§ãããå¶åŸ¡æåã¯ãã®è¡šç€ºã®ä»æ¹ãå¶åŸ¡ããæ¹è¡èšå·ãªã©ããããã«ãšã©ãŸããããŒãé³ãçºçããããã®ãªã©ãå«ãã
å³åœ¢æåã«ã¯ãèšèªåŠçãªæå³ã§ã®æåèšå·(忝)以å€ã«ãçŽç©é¡ãå«ããããã«ã1ã€ã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã1ã€ã®åæ¯ã衚ããšã¯éããªããæåã³ãŒãã«ããããããã¡ãŒãã«ãã®ãããªçµæåã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã¯è€æ°ã®åæ¯ãããªããéã«ããÃ
ãã®ãããªãã€ã¢ã¯ãªãã£ã«ã«ããŒã¯ä»ãã¢ã«ãã¡ããããªã©ã¯è€æ°ã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã§è¡šãããããšãããã
ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã®ç¬Šå·å(æå笊å·åæ¹åŒ)ã«ããã€ã(ãã®æ®µèœã§ã¯ãªã¯ããããšå矩)ãåœãŠããšããæšæºã確ç«ãåºãæ®åããã®ã¯IBMã1964幎4æã«çºè¡šããã¡ã€ã³ãã¬ãŒã ã®System/360ã«ãã(ãã以åã«ã€ããŠã¯#æŽå²ã®ç¯ãåç
§)ãåœåã®ã¢ããŠã³ã¹ã§ã¯å¶å®ãããã°ããã®ASCIIãæ¡çšãããã¯ãã ã£ããããããçµæçã«ã¯éå»ã®ãããã¿ãæ¯ãåãããšãã§ãããã¡ã€ã³ãã¬ãŒã çšãšããŠã¯EBCDICãæ®åããããªããäžå¿System/360ã¯ã¢ãŒããåãæ¿ããããšã¯ã§ããã
Cèšèªããã³C++ã§ã®æååã®ååã¯charã ãããã®charã¯ãã€ãããªã¯ããããšç䟡ã§ã¯ãªããC/C++ã®charåã®å¹
ã¯<limits.h>/<climits>ãã€ã³ã¯ã«ãŒãããããšã§å®çŸ©ãããCHAR_BITSãšãããã¯ãã§ç€ºãããå®éã®æ°å€ã¯8ã§ã¯ãªã9ã16ã®å¯èœæ§ãããããªããæäœéå¿
èŠãšãããŠããå€ã®ç¯å²ã®é¢ä¿ã§8æªæºã«ã¯ãªããªããsizeof(char)ã¯åžžã«1ã§ããããã€ãã¯8ãããããªãã¡ãªã¯ãããã§ã¯ãªãå¯èœæ§ãããã
å¹
ãèŠå®ããæŽæ°åãšããŠã¯C99ããã³C++11ã§è¿œå ãããint8_t/uint8_tããã³std::int8_t/std::uint8_tããããC++20ã§ã¯UTF-8ã§ãšã³ã³ãŒããããæåãæ ŒçŽããããšãæ³å®ãã笊å·ãªãæååãšããŠãchar8_tãèŠå®ããããã8ãããå¹
ã§ãããšã¯éããªãã
JavaãC#ã®charã¯16ãããã§ãããå
éšè¡šçŸã¯UTF-16ãšèŠå®ãããŠããã
ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®æ®åãç±³åœã«æ¬¡ãã§æ©ãã£ãæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãæ¥åžžã®çæŽ»ãæ¥åã«æŒ¢åãå¿
é ã§ããããã256ããå€ãã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãæ±ããããšããèŠæ±ã匷ãã£ããããã§çŸããã®ãã1ã€ã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãè€æ°ã®ãã€ãã§è¡šããã«ããã€ãæå(MBC)ã§ãããç¹ã«åæã«ã¯2ãã€ãã䜿ããã®ãã»ãšãã©ã§ãããããã«ãã€ãæå(DBC)ãšèšã£ãã
ãŸããç±³åœä»¥å€ã®åœãå°åã§ãããããã«å¿
èŠãªæåã远å ããæåéåãæåã³ãŒããäœã£ãããã倿°ã®æåéåãæåã³ãŒããä¹±ç«ããçµæãšãªã£ããUnicodeã¯ãã®åé¡ãè§£æ¶ããæåéåãçµ±äžããããã«çãŸããã
çŸåšã§ã¯ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãšããŒã¿ã®é¢ä¿ã¯æœè±¡åãããŠããããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã¯æŽæ°å€(éåžžéè² æŽæ°)ã§è¡šçŸããããã®æŽæ°å€ããæå笊å·åæ¹åŒã«ãããã€ãåãçæããããããšãã°Unicodeã§ã¯Unicodeã¹ã«ã©å€ãšããå€ããåãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã«ä»ããããŠããã
åæ(1940幎代ã1960幎代åå)ã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã«ãããããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãã
åæã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã§ã¯ãå
¥åºååªäœãšããŠãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ä»¥åããååšããŠããæ
å ±åŠçæ©æ¢°ã§ããã¿ãã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãã·ã³çšã®ãã³ãã«ãŒããããã¬ã¿ã€ãé»ä¿¡ç¶²(ãã¬ãã¯ã¹)çšã®çŽããŒãã䜿çšãããŠããããã®ããããããã«ããã1ã«ã©ã ããŸãã¯1åã®5ãããã7ãããã®ã³ãŒãã1æå(1å)ã ã£ãã
ãŸããSystem/360ããåã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã¯ã䜿çšããåéããšã«èšèšãéãã®ãéåžžã§ãäž»ã«ç§åŠæè¡èšç®çšãšäºååŠççšã«åãããŠãããããããã®å
žåçãªèšèšã瀺ããšãç§åŠæè¡èšç®çšã¯40ãããååŸã®ã¯ãŒãé·ã§ãã¯ãŒãã¢ãã¬ãã·ã³ã°ã§ãã¯ãŒãåäœã®æŒç®ãåŸæãšããã¯ãŒããã·ã³ã ã£ããããã«å¯ŸããäºååŠççšã¯å(åè¿°ã®çŽããŒããªã©ã®1æå)åäœã®ã¢ãã¬ãã·ã³ã°ãã4åãããã¯6åã1ã¯ãŒããšããã¯ãŒãã¢ãã¬ãã·ã³ã°ã§ãååäœã®åŠçãåŸæãšãããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãã·ã³ã ã£ãã
System/360ã«ããããã€ããã·ã³ãæšæºãšãªã£ãã
éåžžã®ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã¹ãã£ã³æ¹åŒã®ãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ã§ã¯ã衚瀺ããéã«ããã¯ã»ã«æ¯ã«ãã®èŒåºŠã決å®ããå¿
èŠããããRAMãé«äŸ¡ã ã£ãæä»£ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã§äœ¿çšããã®ã¯äž»ã«ã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã§ãããæåæ
å ±ãã衚瀺ããªããã®ã«ãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€å
šé¢ã®ãã¯ã»ã«ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããRAM(VRAM)ãçšæããã®ã¯ã³ã¹ããåããªãã£ãããã®ãããããäžå®ã®å€§ãã(8Ã8ãªã©)ã®ããããããªã¯ã¹ããšã«1ãã€ãã®èšæ¶é åãå²ãåœãŠãŠãVRAMã®å®¹éãç¯çŽãããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ãäžè¬çã ã£ãããŸããããã«åããããã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ã³ã³ãããŒã©ãŒã䜿çšããããçŸåšã®PC/ATäºææ©ã®ãããã»ããã«ããã®ãããªè¡šç€ºçšã®æ©èœãæ®ã£ãŠãããBIOSç»é¢çã§äœ¿çšããŠãããã®ãããã
æ¥æ¬è£œããŒãœãã«ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®é»ææã«ãå€ãã®æ©çš®ã¯åæ§ã®æ§é ãæã£ãŠãããããã¹ãVRAMã®å€ãåºæºãšããŠãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ãè¡ãããŠãããå€ãã®å Žåã8Ã8ãã¯ã»ã«ã§æ§æããããã¿ãŒã³ããããããå®çŸ©ããããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãžã§ãã¬ãŒã¿ROMãæ¬äœã«æã£ãŠããã倧æåãå°æåã®ã¢ã«ãã¡ããããæ°åãã«ã¿ã«ãã«å ããèšå·ãå®çŸ©ããããèšå·ã®äžã«ã¯ã4Ã4ãã¯ã»ã«ã®ãã¿ãŒã³ãå®çŸ©ããããšã§ããããé
眮ããããšã«ãã£ãŠæ¬äŒŒçã«å³åœ¢çã衚瀺ããã»ãã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã¹ããšåŒç§°ããŠãããèšå·éšåã«ã€ããŠã¯ãæ©çš®ã«ãã£ãŠæ§ã
ã§ãããææ¥ã®å®çŸ©ããã²ãŒã ã«äœ¿ããããªãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒããã©ã³ãã®ã¹ãŒããªã©æ§ã
ãªãã®ããããã²ãããªã®ãã¿ãŒã³ãæã€æ©çš®ãååšããã
ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ã®ã¿ãšããå¶éãè£å®ãããããããã¹ãVRAMã«ã¯ãå¥éã¢ããªãã¥ãŒãé åãèšããããããšãå€ãã衚瀺è²ãèæ¯è²ãããªã³ã¯çã®æå®ããè€æ°ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿æ¯ãŸãã¯ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿æ¯ã«æå®ããããšãå¯èœã«ãªã£ãŠããã
åãã£ã©ã¯ã¿çŸ€ã®ã¿ã®çµã¿åãããŠçµµãæžãããšãã¢ã¹ããŒã¢ãŒããšåŒã¶ããšãããä»ãã¢ããªãã¥ãŒããªã©ã䜵çšãããããã®ããã¹ãç»é¢ã«ãã£ãŠæãããçµµããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ãšåŒãã ã MZ-700ã«ã¯ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯çšã®VRAMã¯ãªããã®ã®ãããã¹ããèæ¯ã®è²ããã£ã©ã¯ã¿åäœã§æå®ã§ãããããããããå¿çšãããã§ãã«ãçšãããã£ã¶ãªã³ã°ãã¯ãããšããæ¹æ³ã«ãã£ãŠæç»ãã詊ã¿ããã£ãã ãããã®ææ³ã¯ãè§£å床ã¯äœãåé¢ãéåãªCPUã§ããã€ãããã¯ãªæç»ãå®çŸã§ãããšããã¡ãªããããã£ãã
ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãã¬ãŒã³ãæã€ããšãå¯èœã«ãªã£ãææã«ã¯ãæåã®æç»ããµãããã»ããµãšããã®åšèŸºåè·¯ã«æãããã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãã¬ãŒã³ã«çŽæ¥æç»ãããšããå®è£
ããã£ãããã®å Žåã§ããã®ããã¹ãVRAMã«çžåœãããšãªã¢ã¯ååšããŠããããæåã³ãŒãã®ã¿ãã§ããã¹ããæ±ãææ®µã¯ååšããŠããã
ãããã®å®è£
ã¯ãè±èªåããè±æ°åã®ã¿ãæ±ãå Žåã«ã¯æçšã ã£ãããæ¥æ¬èªãåãæ±ãã«ã¯å€§ããªå¶éãšãªã£ããå€ãã®æ©çš®ã§ã¯ãã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãã¬ãŒã³ã«å¯ŸããæŒ¢åROMã䜵çšããããšã§ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã§ROMå
ã®ãã¿ãŒã³ãæç»ããŠããããããŒããŠã§ã¢çã«æ¡åŒµãããããã¹ããã¬ãŒã³ã远å ãããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ã®åœ¢ã§æŒ¢å衚瀺ãå®çŸããŠããæ©çš®ãååšããã
8ãããæ©ã§ã¯ãX1turboãMZ-2500ã16ãããæ©ã§ã¯PC-9801ã·ãªãŒãºããããã®ä»çµã¿ãæã£ãŠããããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãšããŠæŒ¢åãåãæ±ãããšã§ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãã¬ãŒã³ã«æç»ãããããé«éã«åŠçããããšãå¯èœã«ãªã£ãŠãããPC-9801ã·ãªãŒãºãæ¥æ¬ã§æ®åããäžå ãšãããããŠããã ãã ãããã®å®è£
ã§ã¯ãç»é¢ã«å±éãããã©ã³ããæ¬äœã«æã£ãŠããå¿
èŠããããROMãRAMçã®ã¡ã¢ãªãé«äŸ¡ãªæä»£ã§ã¯ããªãã·ã§ã³ã§ãã£ãããJIS第1æ°Žæºã®ã¿ãå®è£
ãããŠããã±ãŒã¹ãããããã®å Žåãæ¬äœã«å«ãŸããªããã©ã³ãã«ã€ããŠã¯æ£åžžã«è¡šç€ºãããªãããšã«ãªãã
ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã®ãã¿ãŒã³ãROMã§ã¯ãªãRAMã«ä¿åããŠæžãæãå¯èœã«ããæ©èœãããã°ã©ããã«ã»ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã»ãžã§ãã¬ãŒã¿ (Programmable Character Generator: PCG) ãšç§°ããã¡ãŒã«ãŒããã£ããåæã®ã¢ãŒã±ãŒãåºæ¿ããã¡ããªãŒã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿çã®ã²ãŒã æ©ã«ãããã¿ã€ãªã³ã°èæ¯ãæ©èœãå®è£
ãšããŠã¯è¿äŒŒãããããããã®å Žåã¯ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã«ãŒããªããžãªã©ãšã»ããã§ROMã«æžã蟌ãŸãããã®ã䜿çšãã圢ã§ããããšãå€ãã£ãã
PCGã¯ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿åäœã§ç®¡çããããããå®çŸ©ãããããŒã¿ã倿Žããå Žåãããã¹ãVRAMã«å®çŸ©ããã衚瀺ããããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã«åæ ããããããç¹åšããç©ãåæã«æžãæããããšãå¯èœã§ãããããããå©çšãã衚瀺ãã¿ãŒã³åŽãåå®çŸ©ããããšã«ãã£ãŠãæ¬äŒŒçãªã¹ã ãŒã¹ã¹ã¯ããŒã«ãå€éã¹ã¯ããŒã«ããæ³¢ããæãæ°Žãå·ã®æµããã衚çŸããããç»é¢ã®ã¯ã€ãåŠçãªã©ã«å©çšããããšãå¯èœã§ããã
ãŸããå代MSXèŠæ ŒãMZ-1500çã§ã¯ããã¹ãç»é¢ãæ¡åŒµãã圢ã§ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã¹è¡šç€ºã«ãçšããããŠãããåè
ã¯ç»é¢ãäžåå²ã«ããç»é¢äžã®äžäžäžã«çžåœããéšåããšã«256çš®é¡ã®ãã¿ãŒã³ãš1ã©ã€ã³ã«ã€ã2è²ãåŸè
ã¯1024åã®å®çŸ©ãã¿ãŒã³ãä»»æã«é
眮ããããšã§ãã¯ã»ã«ããšã«8è²ã®äžããä»»æã®è²ã§ã®ãããããã衚瀺ãå®çŸããŠããã X1ã§ã¯ãã¯ã»ã«ããšã«8è²äžä»»æã®è²ã§å®çŸ©ã§ãããã¿ãŒã³ã256çš®æã€ããšãã§ããäžèšã®æ©çš®ãšã¯ç°ãªãã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãã¬ãŒã³ãšéããŠè¡šç€ºããããšãå¯èœã§ãã£ãã å°ããããã®å®è£
ã§ã¯ãã¿ãŒã³æžãæãã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã«ã¯ä»ã®åè·¯ãšã®èª¿åãããçæéã«ãã€ãããã¯ãªå€æŽã¯é£ããç©ãšãªã£ãŠããã
ãã©ã³ãROMã䜿çšãããããŒããŠã§ã¢ã«ããæå衚瀺ãè¡ã£ãŠãã衚瀺系ã§ãå€åæ©èœã®ããã«ãäžéšã®é å(ããšãã°PC-9801ã®ããäžä»£ä»¥éã§ã¯JISã®86åºãš87åºã«çžåœããéšå)ãæžãæãå¯èœãªRAMã«ãªã£ãŠãããã®ããã£ãããããäžçš®ã®PCGãšèšãããPC-9801ã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã®äžã«ã¹ãŒããŒã€ã³ããŒãºã®ããã«ããŠè¡šç€ºã§ãããããã²ãŒã ãªã©ã§ããã䜿çšããŠãããã®ããã£ãã
æå(åœèšäºã«ãããæå³)ã«ç±æ¥ããã®ãããããšãã²ãŒã çã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã«ç±æ¥ããã®ãã¯å®ãã§ã¯ãªãããäž»ã«2Dã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã²ãŒã ã«ãããŠããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒè¡šç€ºã«çšããããã¹ãã©ã€ãããã¿ã€ã«ç¶ã«æ·ãè©°ãããèæ¯è¡šç€ºã«çšããããPCGã»BGã¬ã€ã€ãŒãªã©ãç¹°ãè¿ã衚瀺æ©èœåãã«å®çŸ©ãããããããããç»åããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãããã¯ãã¿ãŒã³ãšåŒã¶ããã¹ãã©ã€ããã¿ãŒã³ãããBGãã¿ãŒã³ãããããã¯ãŸãšããŠããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãã¿ãŒã³ããã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ãã¿ãŒã³ããªã©ã
ãŸãããã©ãã©ãã³ã¬ã®ããã«ã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ããããæãããäžé£ã®ç»åã衚瀺ã·ãŒã¯ãšã³ã¹ã¯ãã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ããšåŒã°ãããå
žåçãªã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ã¯ãä¿ã«ãççºãã¿ãŒã³ããããããã¿ãŒã³ããªã©ãšåŒã°ããããšãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF_(%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF)
|
8,018 |
ãžããªãŒã«
|
ãžããªãŒã«(ã¢ã©ãã¢èª: جؚرÙÙ JibrÄ«lãè±èª: Jibrilããã©ã³ã¹èª: Djibril)ã¯ã倩䜿ã¬ããªãšã«ã®ã¢ã©ãã¢èªåãéã¢ã©ãã¢èªåãå«ãã€ã¹ã©ãŒã åã«ãããŠãç·æ§åãšããŠãçšãããããé·æ¯é³ãçç¥ããŠãžããªã«ãšãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB
|
8,022 |
ã¹ãã©ã€ã (æ åæè¡)
|
ã¹ãã©ã€ã(è±: sprite)ã¯ãäž»ã«ãããªã²ãŒã ã§çšãããç»é¢äžã®å°ããªãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãé«éã«åæè¡šç€ºããããã®æè¡çãªä»çµã¿ã§ãããspriteã¯ãåŠç²Ÿãã®æå³ãæã€è±èªãç±æ¥ãšãªã£ãŠããã
ãã®æ©èœã¯ãéåžžã®ç»é¢è¡šç€ºã«ãããæ åã®æ
å ±ãèšæ¶ããŠãããããªRAMãšã¯å¥ã«ã倿°ã®å°ããªç»åãç»é¢äžã®1ãã¯ã»ã«åäœã§ä»»æã®äœçœ®ã«ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã§åæããŠè¡šç€ºãããã®ã§ããã
èæ¯ãšãªãç»åãããã¹ããè€æ°ã®ã¹ãã©ã€ãã§ä»»æã®åªå
é äœã§éãåãããŠåæè¡šç€ºãã§ããããã«ãªã£ãŠãããäœäŸ¡æ Œåž¯ã®æ©çš®ãªã©ã§ã¯åè²ã§ãã£ãããšãæç»è¡šçŸãããåãããŒãã衚çŸããã®ã«é©ããæ©èœã§ããã
ããã¯ã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ãããã»ã«ç»ã®æŠå¿µã«è¿ããã»ã«ç»ã«äŸãããªãèæ¯ã®äžã«ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã®å€§ããã«åã£ãã»ã«ã眮ããŠã1ã³ãæ¯ã«ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã®ã»ã«ãèæ¯äžã§ç§»åãããªããåãããããå¥ã®ã»ã«ã«çœ®ãæãããããŠãããšãããã®ã§ããã
åã
ã®ã¹ãã©ã€ãç»åã¯äŸãã°32Ã32ã®æ£æ¹åœ¢ã32Ã64ã®é·æ¹åœ¢ã®ãããªç©åœ¢ã ããééã¯ãã¯ã»ã«åäœã§è¡ãªããããããã«ãããå圢ãäžè§åœ¢ãæåœ¢ãªã©ãä»»æã®åœ¢ç¶ã®å³åœ¢ãèæ¯ãšåæã§ãããåã¹ãã©ã€ãã¯ç¹å®ã®ééè²(æãè²ãã«ã©ãŒããŒãã¯ããããŒ)ãæã¡ãééè²ã®æå®ããããã¯ã»ã«ã¯èæ¯ãšã®åææã«æç»ããããéãåããããšãã«èæ¯ãéããŠèŠãããã¹ãã©ã€ããå¥ã®ã¹ãã©ã€ãã«éãåãããŠéé衚瀺ããããšãã§ããã
ã¡ã¢ãªãç¯çŽããããã«ãã«ã©ãŒã¹ãã©ã€ãã®ç»åã«ã¯éäŸã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢åŒã䜿ããããã¹ãã©ã€ãç»åããšã«ã«ã©ãŒãã¬ãããæã€ããšã§ãåã
ã®ã¹ãã©ã€ãç»åã®ããŒã¿ãåæžãã€ã€ãæçµçã«åæãããŠç»é¢ã«è¡šç€ºãããç»åå
šäœãšããŠã®è²æ°ãå¢ããããšãã§ãã(æå€§åæçºè²æ°ã¯ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã«ããã)ã
ããããã¹ã¯ãšè«çæŒç®ãå©çšããã°ãã¹ãã©ã€ãã®ç»åãšééæ
å ±ã®ç»å(ãã¹ã¯ç»å)ãåé¢ããããšãã§ããããã¡ã¢ãªæ¶è²»éãåææç»æã®ã¡ã¢ãªã¢ã¯ã»ã¹åæ°ãå¢ããããäžè¬çã«ã¯äœ¿ãããªãã
äŸãã°ã²ãŒã äžã«ãããŠäž»äººå
¬=ãã¬ãŒã€ãŒããœãªã«ä¹ãã·ãŒã³ã衚çŸããå Žåãã¹ãã©ã€ãã䜿ã£ãæ å衚çŸã§ã¯ã座ã£ãŠãã䞻人å
¬ãæãããã¹ãã©ã€ãã®äžã«ãœãªã®ã¹ãã©ã€ããéãããœãªãåãåºããéã«ãœãªã䞻人å
¬ã现ããäžäžã»ãŸãã¯å·Šå³ã«å°ããåããããšã§ã䞻人å
¬ã®ä¹ã£ããœãªãå¢ãè¯ãçŸèµ°ããŠã¬ã¿ã¬ã¿ãšå°é¢ã®å¹åžã«ãã£ãŠæ¯åããæ§åã衚çŸã§ããã
䞻人å
¬ããœãªããããŒãã«ä¹ãæããå Žåã«ã¯ã座ã£ãŠãã䞻人å
¬ã®ã¹ãã©ã€ãã®äžã«ããŒãã®ã¹ãã©ã€ãã眮ãã ãã§æžãããã®ããã«å®éã«è¡šç€ºãããããŒã¿ãã®ãã®ãæžãæãããããé¥ãã«è»œãåŠçã§ããã衚瀺ãã®ãã®ãããåããšããç¹ã«ãããŠåªãã衚çŸåãçºæ®ãããåé¢ãç¹ã«ã©ã€ã³ãããã¡æ¹åŒã®å®è£
ã§ã¯ã¡ã¢ãªã®éåºŠã«æšªæ¹åã®åæè¡šç€ºã®æ°ã¯äŸåããããããã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã®å€§ãããæ°ã¯ãããŒããŠã§ã¢ã®èšèšã«å¶éãåãããã¹ãã©ã€ãæ©èœãåè²ã®ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã§è€æ°è²ã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã衚çŸããå Žåã¯ãè²å¥ã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãè€æ°éãåãããããšã§å¯ŸåŠããã
ããã°ã©ã äžã«ãããŠã¯ããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãç§»åããããšãã¯åã¹ãã©ã€ãã®è¡šç€ºäœçœ®æ
å ±ã ãã倿Žããã°ããããã£ãŠãœãããŠã§ã¢ã§ç»åã®éãåããåŠçãªã©ãè¡ãå¿
èŠããªããCPUã«ãããè² è·ãVRAMã®ãã¹ã«å¯Ÿããè² è·ããœãããŠã§ã¢éçº(äž»ã«ããã°ã©ããŒ)ãžã®è² æ
ãå°ãªããããã°ã©ã ã®å質ãå®å®ãããåªå
é äœã®æå®ã«ããã奥è¡ããç°¡åã«è¡šçŸã§ãããããã¯åè¿°ã®å¿çšè¡šçŸã®ããã«ãç¹ã«å¹Ÿã€ãã®éšåãå¥ã
ãŸãã¯äžç·ã«åããäºã§åããšããŠã®è¡šçŸèœåãåäžããããšå
±ã«ãããŒãåäœã§ã®åæã容æãšãªããç·ããŒã¿éã®åæžã«å¯äžããå¶äœè² è·ã®äœæžãå°ãªãèšæ¶å®¹éã®åªäœã§ãã衚çŸåã®è±ããªã²ãŒã ãæäŸã§ããããšã«ãç¹ãã£ãã
åæã«ã¯ã¢ãŒã±ãŒãã²ãŒã ã«ãŠå°çšã®é»ååè·¯ãçµãã§å®çŸãããŠãããæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«æ±çšåããããã¡ãã³ã³ãªã©ã®ã²ãŒã æ©ãããŒãœãã«ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿(ããœã³ã³ãPC)ã®äžéš(MSXãX68000ãFM TOWNS)ãªã©ã§å©çšã§ããããã«ãªã£ãã
ãã®ç¹æ§ãããç»é¢äžã§å€æ°ã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãåæã«åããã·ã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã²ãŒã ãã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ã²ãŒã ã§éå®ããããã¹ãã©ã€ãæ©èœãæèŒããããŒããŠã§ã¢ã®å Žåãå°ãªãCPUãªãœãŒã¹ã§ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãç»é¢äžã§å€æ°ã¹ã ãŒãºã«åããããããCPUåŠçèœåã®äœãæä»£ã«ãããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã§ã¯æ»ãããªåããšé床ãèŠæ±ããã²ãŒã ã§ãã®åãçºæ®ãããã¹ãã©ã€ãæ©èœãæããªãããŒããŠã§ã¢ã§ã¯CPUåŠçé床ãVRAMã®æ§é ãªã©ããå®çŸãé£ããããšã§ãã£ãã
ãã¡ããªãŒã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã»MSXã»X68000ãªã©ã§äœ¿ãããŠããæ¹åŒã§ããã
ã¢ãã¿ãŒã«åºåããæ åä¿¡å·ãçæããçŽåã«ãVRAMããèªã¿åºããããããããããããã¯ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ããŒã¹ã®ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯é¢ã®ããŒã¿ãšãã¹ãã©ã€ãICããéãããŠæ¥ãã¹ãã©ã€ãã®ããŒã¿ããèµ°æ»ç·1ã©ã€ã³åã®å®¹éã®ã©ã€ã³ãããã¡äžã§ãåæåŠçããã
ãã®æ¹åŒã®ã¡ãªããã¯ãã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ãã¹ãã»ãšãã©æ¶è²»ããããŸããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã®åæåŠçã«å¿
èŠãªã¯ãŒã¯RAMãå°ãªããŠæžãããšããç¹ã§ããã
ãããç»é¢ã®èµ°æ»ãšäžŠè¡ããŠã¹ãã©ã€ããåæããããã«ããã®ã¹ãã©ã€ãçšã®ãããã¡ã«ã¯é«éãªã¡ã¢ãªãå¿
èŠãšããæšªæ¹åãžå€æ°è¡šç€ºããå ŽåãåæåŠçã远ãã€ãããéã«åããªãã£ããã®ã¯è¡šç€ºãããªããšããç¶æ³ã«ãªãããã®éãéåžžã¯å
éšã®ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ãé
ã(åªå
é äœãäœã)ã¹ãã©ã€ãããè¡šç€ºãæ¬ ããŠãããã¹ãã©ã€ãã®æ°ãå¢ããã°å¢ããã»ã©ã1ã©ã€ã³å
ã§ã®åæåŠçã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ãã·ãã¢ã«ãªãããã®ä»æ§ãéæã«åããåæåŠçã®äžéšãšããŠäœ¿çšããŠãããœãããŠã§ã¢ãååšããã
ãããã®å¶éã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãç¹ã«æå€§è¡šç€ºåæ°ã«å¶çŽãå€ãå®¶åºçšã²ãŒã æ©ãªã©ãå€ãã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢äžã§ã¯ã衚瀺ããã¹ãã©ã€ããéžå¥ããŠã¡ãã€ãããªãã衚瀺ããããšã§ãã¹ãã©ã€ãæ¬ ããç·©åããŠããããŸããæ°Žå¹³åž°ç·æéå
ã«å¶åŸ¡å¯èœãªããŒããŠã§ã¢ã§ã¯ãèµ°æ»ç·å€å®ãå²ã蟌ã¿ãªã©ã䜿çšããŠãå®è¡šç€ºãçµãã£ããšãªã¢ã®ã¹ãã©ã€ãã®äœçœ®æ
å ±ããŸã èµ°æ»ãããŠããªãé åã§å©çšããããšã«ããã仿§äžã®æå€§è¡šç€ºæ°ãè¶ããç»é¢è¡šç€ºãè¡ãªããã¹ãã©ã€ãããã©ãŒããªã©ã®åŠçãéçºããã(ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã¹ã¯ããŒã«ãåç
§)ã
FM TOWNSãæ¥åçšã²ãŒã æ©ãªã©ã§äœ¿ãããŠããæ¹åŒã§ãããåºçŸ©ã§ã¯ã3Dã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã¹æ©èœ(ããªãŽã³ãšãã¯ã¹ãã£ãããã³ã°)ã«ããç䌌çã«å®çŸããæ¹æ³ã該åœããã
æ¥æ¬ã®å®¶åºçšã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã§ã¯ãFM TOWNSã§åããŠæ¡çšããããçºå£²åœæã®å®¶åºçšã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã§äžè¬çã ã£ãã¹ãã©ã€ãæ©èœã®å®è£
æ¹åŒãšç°ãªããããä¿ã«ãæ¬äŒŒã¹ãã©ã€ãããšåŒã°ããããšããã£ãã3DOãã»ã¬ãµã¿ãŒã³ãªã©ã®ç¬¬5äžä»£ä»¥éãã²ãŒã æ©ã§ãäž»æµãšãªã£ãŠããã
åçã¯åçŽã§ãã¹ãã©ã€ãã®ã¿æç»ãããã¬ãŒã ãããã¡ã2ç»é¢å確ä¿ããããããŠ1ãã¬ãŒã åã®ã¹ãã©ã€ãããªãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã®ãã¬ãŒã ãããã¡ã«å
šãŠæç»ãããæç»å®äºåŸã«çŸåšãªãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã®ãã¬ãŒã ãããã¡ãšããªã³ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã®ãã¬ãŒã ãããã¡ãåãæ¿ãããã¹ãã©ã€ãã®æç»ãå®äºãããã¬ãŒã ãããã¡ã¯åãªãããããããã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ãã¬ãŒã³ãšããŠä»ã®ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ãã¬ãŒã³ãšåæããŠåºåãããããããç¹°ãè¿ãã
ã¡ãªããã¯ã©ã€ã³ãããã¡æ¹åŒãšç°ãªããæšªæ¹åã«ã¹ãã©ã€ãã䞊ã¹ãããæ°ã«å¶éããªããã¹ãã©ã€ãICã«ããVRAMãžã®æç»é床ãšVRAMã®é床ãåäžããã°ããªãã¢ã«ã¹ãã©ã€ãã®è¡šç€ºäžéãåäžãããããšãã§ããããã®ãããã¬ãŒã ãããã¡åŒã®ã¹ãã©ã€ãã¯ãã©ã€ã³ãããã¡åŒãé¥ãã«äžåãæå€§è¡šç€ºåæ°ãå®çŸããŠããããšãå€ãããŸãåºæ¬çã«ã¯ãCPUãè¡ããã¹ãã©ã€ãICãè¡ããã®éããé€ãã°ãVRAMãžããããããããŒã¿ãæã蟌ããšããç¹ã§ã¯åãã§ãããããã¹ãã©ã€ãã«å¯Ÿããæ¡å€§çž®å°ãªã©ã®ç¹æ®å¹æã®å®è£
ã«ç¡çããªãã
ãã¡ãªããã¯VRAMã倧éã«å¿
èŠã§ããããŸãVRAMãžã®ã¹ãã©ã€ãããŒã¿(ã€ãŸãããããããããŒã¿)ã®é«éãªæç»èœåãå¿
èŠã§ããããŸã1ãã¬ãŒã äžã«è¡šç€ºå¯èœãªææ°ãè¶ããŠè¡šç€ºãããããšãããšè¡šç€ºãããã¡ãåãæããã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã2ãã¬ãŒã 以éã«ãªãããã®é
ãã«ãã衚瀺ã®ããã€ããçºçããããªããã¬ãŒã ãããã¡æ¹åŒã§ãåæã®å®è£
(ã»ã¬ã®ã·ã¹ãã åºæ¿ãªã©)ã®å Žåã¯ãåçŽåž°ç·æéã«å
šãŠã¹ãã©ã€ãã®è»¢éãçµããããšãåæãšããŠ1ãã¬ãŒã åãããããã¡ãèšãããã¹ãã©ã€ãã¬ã€ã€ã®æç»ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ããªãããã®çç±ã§é
å»¶ããå Žåã¯ãåªå
é äœãäœãã¹ãã©ã€ããäžžããšå€§éã«æ¶ãããããã
ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ææ³ãã®ãã®ããåºåã®ãã£ããã³ããŒãšããŠå€çšãããæä»£ã¯ãäžèšããŒããŠã§ã¢ã¹ãã©ã€ãã«å¯ŸããŠããœãããŠã§ã¢ã«ããéãåããããã£ã©ã¯ã¿è¡šç€ºã®é«éåŠçããœãããŠã§ã¢ã¹ãã©ã€ããããã¯æ¬äŒŒã¹ãã©ã€ããšè¡šçŸããŠãããå¿
ãããããŒããŠã§ã¢ã¹ãã©ã€ãã®æã€ç¹åŸŽãåªäœæ§ãå
å«ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããã®åŸãMicrosoft Windows(PC/ATäºææ©)çã®ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã¹ãã©ã€ããæããªãç°å¢ã§ãDirectDrawçã®APIãä»ããŠãåæ§ã®åŠçã¯ãã¬ãŒã ãããã¡ã«æç»ãããåœ¢ã§æ¬äŒŒçã«å®çŸãããŠããã
PCã«ãããŠã¯ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã¹ãã©ã€ãããæ·æ±°ããããã®ã®ããœãããŠã§ã¢ã«ãããã®ã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠããã¥ã©ãŒãªææ³ã§ãããèæ¯ãšãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®åé¢ã«ããããŒã¿ã®åæžãå¯èœãªãããããã«ã²ãŒã ã®ãããªåãã®å°ãªãã±ãŒã¹ã§ãéèŠã§ãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã§ãAjaxã®æ®åãšã«ã¹ã±ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã·ãŒãã®åŒ·åãªã©ã«ãããåŸæ¥ã¯ã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³GIFãAdobe Flashã§å®çŸãããŠãããŠã§ããµã€ãã®åçãªã¢ã¯ã»ã³ããªã©ã«æŽ»çšãããŠããã
äžèšã®ãããªæç»ã®ä»çµã¿ãæããªãPlayStationçã§ããã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã¹ããŒããŠã§ã¢äžã«å®è£
ããã3Dãžãªã¡ããªãšã³ãžã³ã®æã€ãã¯ã¹ãã£ãããã³ã°ããã³ã©ã¹ã¿ã©ã€ã¶ã®æ©èœãå¿çšããæ£é¢ãåããåè§åœ¢ã®ããªãŽã³(ãã«ããŒã)ã䜿ã£ãåŠçã«ãã£ãŠåæ§ã®ã¹ãã©ã€ãæ©èœãå®çŸããŠããããœãããŠã§ã¢éçºããã(SDK)ãããã«ãŠã§ã¢ãªã©ã«çšæãããã©ã€ãã©ãªã«ãã£ãŠæäŸãããŠããããšããããæ±çšPCããã³ã¢ãã€ã«ããã€ã¹äžã§åäœããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã§ãã£ãŠãåæ§ã«ãDirect3DãOpenGL/OpenGL ESãªã©ã®3Dã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã¹APIãçµç±ããŠãGPUã®æ©èœã«ããåæããšãã§ã¯ããªã©ã䜿çšããŠè¿äŒŒå®è£
ãããã¹ãã©ã€ããå©çšãããŠããã
GPUã®ãããªã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã¹ããã»ããµã§ã¯ãããªãŽã³é ç¹ãŸãã¯ãã¯ã¹ãã£ã®æã€ééæ
å ±ãå©çšããŠãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¬ã³ããããŒããŠã§ã¢ã§å®è¡ããããšãã§ãããé ç¹ã«ã©ãŒããã¯ã¹ãã£ã«ã¯24ãããã®RGBè²æ
å ±ãš8ãããã®ééæ
å ±(ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã£ã³ãã«)ãæã€RGBA32圢åŒã䜿ãããããšãå€ããé ç¹ããšãããã¯ãã¯ã»ã«ããšã«256段é(0-255)ã®ééã¬ãã«ãæãããããšãã§ãããããã¹ãã©ã€ãã®éæåºŠãåŸã
ã«å€åããããã§ãŒã衚çŸããç»åã®çžãã¢ã³ããšã€ãªã¢ã¹ããããªããããªåæãªã©ãå¯èœã§ããã
Direct3D (DirectX) 8/9ãOpenGL 2.xã§ã¯ããã€ã³ãã¹ãã©ã€ãã®æ©èœãçšæãããŠãããããã¯ããç¹ãå³åœ¢ã®æç»ã«äœ¿çšããããã€ã³ãããªããã£ãã«å¯ŸããŠãµã€ãºãšãã¯ã¹ãã£ãšãã¬ã³ãã£ã³ã°ã¹ããŒããæå®ããããšã§ããã¯ã¹ãã£ãããã³ã°ããã2ã€ã®äžè§åœ¢é¢ã«ããå蟺圢ãèªåçã«æç»ãããã®ã§ããããã®æ©èœã䜿çšãããšã¹ãã©ã€ããç°¡åã«æç»ã§ãããDirect3D 10ã§ã¯ãã®æ©èœã廿¢ããã代ããã«ãžãªã¡ããªã·ã§ãŒããŒã䜿çšããããšãæšå¥šãããŠããã
ã¹ãã©ã€ãã倧éã«æç»ããå Žåãåå¥ã«æç»ããŠããŠã¯ãããŒã³ãŒã«ãã¬ã³ããªã³ã°ã¹ããŒã倿Žã®ãªãŒããŒãããã倧ãããDirect3D 9/10ã®æ¡åŒµã©ã€ãã©ãª(D3DX)ã§ã¯ãè€æ°ã®ã¹ãã©ã€ãæç»ã³ãã³ãããã£ãããã¥ãŒã€ã³ã°ããŠããããŸãšããŠãããåŠçããæ©èœãæäŸãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88_(%E6%98%A0%E5%83%8F%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93)
|
8,023 |
ãã¡ãŒã ãŠã§ã¢
|
ãã¡ãŒã ãŠã§ã¢(è±: firmware)ãšã¯ãé»åæ©åšã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã (ããŒããŠã§ã¢)ãå¶åŸ¡ããããã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã§ããœãããŠã§ã¢ãROMçã®éç©åè·¯ã«ãããããæžã蟌ãŸããç¶æ
ã§ãæ©åšã«çµã¿èŸŒãã ãã®ããŸãããœãããŠã§ã¢ã§ã¯ãªããããã°ã©ããã«ããžãã¯ããã€ã¹ã§å©çšããåè·¯æ
å ±ãåºçŸ©ã®ãã¡ãŒã ãŠã§ã¢ãšåŒã¶ããšãããã
ãã¡ãŒã ãŠã§ã¢ãšã¯ãå®¶é»è£œåããããœã³ã³ãåšèŸºæ©åšãæºåž¯é»è©±ãªã©ã®ããã«ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ãçµã¿èŸŒãã é»åæ©åšæ¬äœ(çµã¿èŸŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã )ã«ææã®åäœããããããã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã§ãããããŒããŠã§ã¢ã«å¯æ¥ã«çµã³ã€ããŠããŠãããã¿ã«æžãæããããšã®ãªãåªäœã«æžã蟌ãŸããç©ãèšããäžè¬çãªãœãããŠã§ã¢ããããŒããŠã§ã¢å¯ãã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãšããããšã§ããã¡ãŒã (å
ããåºå®ãã)ãšããåŒã³æ¹ãããŠããã
ãªããã¡ãŒã ãŠã§ã¢ã«ã¯ãæ©åšã«äœ¿çšããŠããCPUèªäœã®åäœã決å®ããããã®ãã€ã¯ãã³ãŒããå«ãã§ããå Žåãããã
ãã¡ãŒã ãŠã§ã¢ãäœæããã«ããã£ãŠã¯ãéãããããŒããŠã§ã¢è³æºã§å¿
èŠãšããããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãåŸããããåœåã¯ã¢ã»ã³ããªèšèªãªã©ã®äœçŽèšèªã§éçºããããšãå€ãã£ããããããçµã¿èŸŒã¿çšCPUã®é«éåãšãèšé²åªäœã§ããåå°äœã¡ã¢ãªäŸ¡æ Œã®å€§å¹
ãªäžèœãšå€§å®¹éåã«ãããCèšèªãªã©ã®ããé«çŽãªèšèªã䜿çšã§ããããã«ãªã£ãã ããã«åŸæ¥ã®ããã«åäœã«é¢ãããã®ãã¹ãŠãäžããã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããšããææ³ã ãã§ãªããè€éãªåŠçãè¡ãã·ã¹ãã ã§ã¯ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ãå«ãå
šãŠã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãæ©åšã«çµã¿èŸŒãã§ãéçºã®å¹çåãšé«æ©èœåãå³ãäŸãå¢ããŠããã
ãã¡ãŒã ãŠã§ã¢ã¯ãäžè¬ã«ROMã¿ã€ãã®ã¡ã¢ãªçŽ åã«æžã蟌ãåœ¢ã§æ©åšã«çµã¿èŸŒã¿ãè¡ããäœã³ã¹ãã®æ©åšã§ã¯ããã€ã¯ãã³ã³ãããŒã©ã«å
èµãããROMã䜿çšãããã髿©èœã®ãã®ã§ã¯ç¬ç«ããã¡ã¢ãªçŽ åãçšæããŠããã«æžã蟌ã¿ãè¡ãã
ç¹ã«äœã³ã¹ãã§å€§éã«è£œé ããã補åã®å Žåã¯ããã¹ã¯ROMãå
èµãããã€ã¯ãã³ã³ãããŒã©ã䜿çšããã®ã§ãåºè·åŸã«æžãæããããšã¯äžå¯èœã§ããã亀æå¯èœãªUV-EPROMãªã©ãè£
åããæ©åšã§ãã£ãŠããåºè·åŸã«ã¢ããããŒãããã«ã¯ROM亀æãªã©ã®åŠçœ®ã«è«å€§ãªã³ã¹ããããããããéåžžã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢éçºããéåžžã«é«ãæ°Žæºã®å®å
šæ§ãæ±ããããã
ãããããã©ãã·ã¥ã¡ã¢ãªã®ç»å Žã«ãããçäœã®ãµããéããªããŠããŠãŒã¶ã®æå
ã§é»åçãªæäœã®ã¿ã§æžãæ¿ããè¡ããISP(ã€ã³ã»ã·ã¹ãã ã»ããã°ã©ãã³ã°)ãã§ããããã«ãªããåºè·åŸã®ã¢ããããŒãã以åãããæ¯èŒç容æã«è¡ããããã«ãªã£ãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2
|
8,024 |
ã€ãã·ãã³-ãã«ã¿è«æ³
|
ε-ÎŽè«æ³(ã€ãã·ãã³ãã«ã¿ãããœããè±èª: (ε, ÎŽ)-definition of limit)ã¯ãè§£æåŠã«ãããŠã宿°å€ã®ã¿ãçšããããšã§(ç¡éãçŽæ¥ã«æ±ãããšãåé¿ããªãã)颿°ã®æ¥µéãå³å¯ã«å®çŸ©ããæ¹æ³ã§ãããåã®æ¥µéãå®çŸ©ããé¡äŒŒã®æ¹æ³ã«Îµ-Nè«æ³(ã€ãã·ãã³ãšããããœã)ããããæ¬èšäºã§ã¯ãããæ±ãã
ãã¥ãŒãã³ãšã©ã€ãããããåµèšãã埮åç©ååŠã¯ãç¡éå°(ã©ããªæ£ã®å®æ°ãããå°ããªæ£ã®æ°)ãç¡é倧(ã©ããªå®æ°ããã倧ããªæ°)ãšãã£ã宿°ã®ç¯å²ã§ã¯å®çŸ©ã§ããªãæŠå¿µãçšããŠããããã®ãããªç¶æ³ã¯ãªã€ã©ãŒã«ãã£ãŠåŸ®åç©ååŠã倧å¹
ãªçºå±ãéãã18äžçŽãŸã§ç¶ç¶ããããåœæã®æ°åŠè
éã¯çŽæ°ã®çºæ£ãåæã«é¢ããå®çŸ©ã«ç¡é çãªãŸãŸçè«ãçºå±ãããŠãã£ãããããã°ãã°èª€ã£ãçµè«ãå°ãããŠããŸãããšããã£ãã
19äžçŽã«å
¥ããšã³ãŒã·ãŒããã«ãã«ãã»ãã«ãã¡ãŒããã«ãã£ãŠãå³å¯ãªå®çŸ©ã«åºã¥ããŠåŸ®åç©ååŠãåæ§ç¯ããããšãã詊ã¿ããªãããããã«ãªãããã®ææããåæãé£ç¶ã«é¢ããå®çŸ©ã¯å³å¯åãããŠãããε-ÎŽè«æ³ã¯1860幎代ã®ã«ãŒã«ã»ã¯ã€ãšã«ã·ã¥ãã©ã¹ã®è¬çŸ©ã«ãã£ãŠå®æããããã®ã§ãããã«ãã£ãŠç¡éå°ãç¡é倧ãšããæŠå¿µãäžå䜿çšããã«åæã»é£ç¶ãå®çŸ©ãããããã«ãªã£ããæ°åŠå²ã«ãããŠã埮ç©ååŠã宿ããããšããè©äŸ¡ãããã³ãŒã·ãŒã¯ãè§£ææçšã(Cours d'analyse de l'Ecole royale polytechnique) ã§ãε-ÎŽè«æ³ãçšããŠé¢æ°ã®é£ç¶æ§ã®å®çŸ©ãè¡ã£ãããããããã®æç¹ã§ããé£ç¶ãšäžæ§é£ç¶ã®åºå¥ã¯ãªãã£ãããã«ã³ãŒã·ãŒã¯èªèã®äžã§ãã®ããšã«èµ·å ãã誀ããããããŠããã
ãªããε-ÎŽè«æ³ã®ç»å Žã«ããäžåºŠã¯æ°åŠãã远æŸãããç¡éå°ãç¡é倧ãçšããè§£æãçŸä»£ã§ã¯è¶
宿°ãçšããããšã§æ£åœåãããè¶
æºè§£æ(Non-standard analysis ãŸãã¯å€å
žçã«ç¡éå°è§£æ Infinitesimal analysis ãšãåŒã°ãã)ãšããåéã§ç ç©¶ãããŠããã
éããªãè¿ä»ããšããæ¥µéã®æŠå¿µã¯ã以äžã«ç€ºããæéã®å€ããšã倿°ã®è«çåŒã ãã§å®çŸ©ããããšãã§ããã
å®é¢æ° f: R â R ã«å¯ŸããŠã極éã®åŒ
ãšã¯ã
ããšã§ãã£ããããã ε-ÎŽè«æ³ã§å®çŸ©ãããš
ãšãªããããã¯
ãšããæå³ã®æ¡ä»¶ã§ãããε-ÎŽè«æ³ã«ããæ¥µéå€ã®å®çŸ©ã®åŠ¥åœæ§ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªãã
f(x) ã b ã«ãããã§ãè¿ã¥ããšã¯ãæéå€ã§è¡šçŸãããšãä»»æã® ε > 0 ã«å¯ŸããŠãf(x) ã b 㮠εè¿åã«å±ããããã«ãªã£ãŠãããšããããšã«ãªããããã§ãε ã®å€ã«å¿ã㊠Ύ > 0 ãååšããx ã a ã® ÎŽ è¿åã«å±ããŠããã°ããããæºãããšããããšã«ãªãã
ε, ÎŽ ã¯ç¡éå°ã§ãªãæéã®å€ã§ãããããããããããã§ãå°ããå€ãåãããšããããšã極éã®æŠå¿µãæç¢ºã«å®çŸ©ããŠãããε > 0 ã®äžã€ã ε1 ãšãããšããε1 ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãã ÎŽ1 ãéžã¹ã° 0 < |x â a| < ÎŽ1 â |f(x) â b| < ε1 ãæãç«ãããããšãã§ããããε1 ãããããã«å°ãã ε2(äŸã㰠ε1/10)ãèãããšãæç«ããªããªããããããããã®åããå°ãã ÎŽ2 ãé©åœã«åãããšã§ã0 < |x â a| < ÎŽ2 â |f(x) â b| < ε2 ãæãç«ã€ããã«ã§ããã
åŠå®ã§ãããæ¥µéãååšããªããšã¯ããã ε ã§ ÎŽ ãååšããªããšãªãã
æ¡ä»¶ãæºãããšããæ£ã®æ° ÎŽ 㯠ε ã«äŸåãã倿°ã§ãããε ã«å¯Ÿãã ÎŽ ã¯äžè¬ã«1ã€ãšã¯éããç¡æ°ã«ãããã1ã€ã§ãèŠã€ããã°ååšã瀺ããããšã«ãªããäŸãã°
ã ε-ÎŽè«æ³ã§èãããšæ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããä»»æã® ε ã«å¯Ÿã㊠Ύ = âε + 9 â 3 ãšåãã°
ãªãã°
ãªã®ã§
ãæãç«ã¡ãx â 3 ã®ãšã x â 9 ãšãªãããšã ε-ÎŽè«æ³ã«ãã瀺ãããããšã«ãªãã
宿°å a1, a2, ..., an, ... ã®æ¥µéå€ã
ã§ãããšã¯ãn ã倧ããããã° an 㯠b ã«éããªãè¿ã¥ããšããæå³ã§ãã£ãã
ãããæéå€ã«ããè«çåŒã§å®çŸ©ãããš
ãšãªããããã¯
ãæãç«ã€ããšããæå³ã§ããããã®è«çåŒã¯ ÎŽ ã§ã¯ãªã N ã䜿ããã ε-ÎŽè«æ³ã§ã¯ãªã ε-Nè«æ³ãšåŒã°ãããε-Nè«æ³ã«ããæ°åã®æ¥µéã®å®çŸ©ã®åŠ¥åœæ§ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªãã
an ã b ã«ãããã§ãè¿ã¥ããšã¯ãæéå€ã§è¡šããšãä»»æã®æ£ã®æ° ε ã«å¯Ÿã㊠an ã b 㮠εè¿åã«å±ããŠãããšããããšã«ãªããããã§ãåå倧ã㪠N ãåããšãN ãã倧ããå
šãŠã®çªå· n ã«å¯Ÿããan 㯠b 㮠εè¿åã«å
¥ããšããããšã«ãªããããã§ N 㯠ε ã«äŸåããæ°ã§ããã
äŸãã° an = n + 1/n ã®ãšã N > 1/ε ãšãªãããã« N ãåãã° n > N ãšããæ¡ä»¶ã®ããšã§
ãšãªãã®ã§
ãæãç«ã¡ãæ°å an 㯠1 ã«åæããããšã ε-Nè«æ³ã«ããå®çŸ©ã«åºã¥ã瀺ãããã
å®é¢æ° f: R â R ã
ãæºãããšããf(x) 㯠x = a ã§é£ç¶ã§ãããšããããã®æ¡ä»¶ã¯é¢æ°ã®æ¥µéã ε-ÎŽè«æ³ã§è¡šãããšã§å®çŸ©ããããéåºé I = (p, q) äžã®ä»»æã®ç¹ a â I ã§ f(x) ãé£ç¶ã§ãããšããf 㯠I äžé£ç¶ã§ãããšãããããã ε-ÎŽè«æ³ã§å®çŸ©ãããš
ãšãªãã
ãã®ããã«é£ç¶æ§ã ε-ÎŽè«æ³ã§å®çŸ©ããå Žå ÎŽ 㯠ε ãš a ã®äž¡æ¹ã«äŸåããå¯èœæ§ãããã
é£ç¶æ§ã®å®çŸ©ã®æ¡ä»¶ã®é åºãå€ããŠ
ãšããå ŽåãÎŽ 㯠ε ã®ã¿ã«äŸåããa ã«äŸåããªãããã®æ f(x) 㯠I äžäžæ§é£ç¶ã§ãããšããã
äŸãã°ãI = (0,1] ãšãããã®äžã§å®çŸ©ããã颿° f(x) = 1/x ã¯ãé£ç¶ã§ãããäžæ§é£ç¶ã§ã¯ãªãããªããªããã©ã㪠Ύ ãéžãã§ãã a = min ( ÎŽ , 1 ) {\displaystyle a=\min(\delta ,1)} , x = a/1 + a ã®ãšã
ãã€
ã§ãããããε †1 ãšãªã ε ã«å¯ŸããŠæ¡ä»¶ãæºãããã㪠Ύ ã¯ååšããªãã
åºé I äžã§å®çŸ©ãããå®é¢æ°ã®å f0(x), f1(x), f2(x), ..., fn(x), ... ã«å¯ŸããŠI äžã§å®çŸ©ãããå®é¢æ° f(x) ãååšããå x â I ã«å¯ŸããŠæ¥µéã®åŒ
ãæãç«ã€ãšãã颿°å {fn(x)} 㯠f(x) ã«åç¹åæ(ãããŠããã
ããã)ãããšããã
äžèšã ε-N è«æ³ã§å®çŸ©ããã°
ãšãªããN 㯠ε, x ã«äŸåãããx = c ãªã©ã®ç¹å®ã®å€ã§é¢æ°åãèŠããšãã« f0(c), f1(c), f2(c), ..., fn(c), ... ãæ°åãšã㊠f(c) ã«åæãããšããæå³ã§ããã
æ¡ä»¶ã®é åºãå€ãã
ãæç«ãããšãã 颿°å {fn(x)} 㯠f(x) ã«äžæ§åæ(ãã¡ãããã
ããã)ãããšããã
ãã®æ¡ä»¶ã¯åç¹åæãšéããN 㯠x ãšç¡é¢ä¿ã« ε ã®ã¿ã«äŸããèšãæãããšåºé I å
ã®å
šãŠã® x ã«å
±éã® N ãåããããšããæå³ã§ããã
äŸãã° I = (0,1) äžã§å®çŸ©ããã fn(x) = x 㯠f(x) = 0 ãšãã宿°é¢æ°ã«åç¹åæããããäžæ§åæã¯ããªããε ã 1 ããå°ã«åãã°ãã©ã®ããã« N ã倧ããåã£ãŠããäŸãã° n = N + 1 㚠ε < x < 1 ã«å¯Ÿã㊠|fn(x) â f(x)| = x = x > ε ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãããã§ããã
埮ç©ååŠã®å®çã®å
ãç¹ã«é¢æ°ã®æ¥µéã«é¢ããå®çã¯ãã㮠ε-ÎŽè«æ³ã«ããå®çŸ©ã«åºã¥ã蚌æããããèšèã代ããã°ãε-ÎŽè«æ³ãçšããªã埮åç©ååŠã¯å³å¯ãªå®çŸ©ã«åºã¥ããªããããæ°åŠçã§ã¯é«æ ¡æ°åŠã®æ®µé㧠ε-ÎŽè«æ³ã«ããå®çŸ©ãæããã¹ãã§ããããšããæèŠããããäžæ¹ã§ãæ°åŠä»¥å€ã®èªç¶ç§åŠãå«ãå€ãã®åéã§ã¯Îµ-ÎŽè«æ³ã«ããå®çŸ©ãããã»ã©ã®å³å¯ããçšããªããŠãã(éçšã¯ãšããã)çµæçã«ã¯æ£ããçµè«ã«è³ãããšãå€ãããããã®åéã«ãããŠã¯å€§åŠæè²ã§ãã£ãŠãäžèŠãšèŠãªãæèŠããããε-ÎŽè«æ³ã«ããå®çŸ©ãæããããšã®å¿
èŠæ§ã¯ãæ°åŠæè²ã«ãããå€ããŠæ°ããè«äºã§ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%97%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3-%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E8%AB%96%E6%B3%95
|
8,026 |
ã»ã°ã¡ã³ã
|
ã»ã°ã¡ã³ã (è±: segment)ãã»ã°ã¡ã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ (è±: segmentation)
è±èªã§ãæçãéšåãåãç®ãåå²(ããããã®)ãªã©ã®æå³ã
| true | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88
|
8,027 |
ããªãŽã³
|
ããªãŽã³(è±: polygon)ãšã¯ã
åè
ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãå€è§åœ¢ããšãã詳现ãªå¥èšäºãç«ãŠãŠããã®ã§èª¬æã¯ãã¡ãã«è²ããšããŠãåœèšäºã§ã¯åŸè
ã®ãµãŒãã§ã¹ã¢ããªã³ã°ã§äœ¿ãããå€è§åœ¢ãããã³ããããå€è§åœ¢ã倿°äœ¿ã£ãŠç«äœç©ã®åœ¢ç¶ãè¿äŒŒãããã¢ããªã³ã°ããææ³ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããã
圢ç¶ã¢ããªã³ã°çã§ã¯ãå€è§åœ¢ã®é¢ãå¡ãã£ãŠããã®ãã穎ãéããŠããã®ãã¯å€§ããªéãã§ãããèå¥ã®å¿
èŠãããããã®ããããã¡ããšå€è§åœ¢ãšããŠãéããŠãããŠãå²ãŸããäžèº«ãå«ãå Žåã¯ã¯ããŒãºãããªãŽã³(è±: closed polygon)ãšåŒã¶ãäžæ¹ããã ã®ãé£çµãªã(泚)ç·åãªã©éããŠããªãå Žåãããªã©ã€ã³ãããã¯ãªãŒãã³ããªãŽã³(open polygon)ãšåŒã³åãã(ããšããã)ã
ãã®ãããªããªãŽã³ã§æ§æãããç«äœã¢ãã«ã¯åºæ¬çã«çŽç·ãšå¹³é¢ã®ã¿ã§æ§æãããããç·ã»é¢åå²ã现ãããããªãŽã³ã®æ°ãå¢ãããŠãã¹ã ãŒãºã·ã§ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªã©ã®åŠçã䜵çšããäºã§æ¬äŒŒçã«æ²ç·ã»æ²é¢ã衚çŸã§ããã(ãªããã¯ãµãŒç€Ÿã¯åçŽãªããªãŽã³åœ¢ç¶ã§ææ©çæ²é¢åœ¢ç¶ãå¶åŸ¡ãããµããã£ããžã§ã³ãµãŒãã§ã¹æè¡ãéçºããŠããã)
ããªãŽã³ãã€ãã圢ç¶ã¢ããªã³ã°ã¯ãããªãŽã³ã®æ°ãå¢ããã»ã©ãªããããªæ²é¢ã®è¡šçŸãå¯èœã«ãªããããªãŽã³ã®æ°ãããŸãã«å°ãªããšãçŸå®äžç(å
ã®åœ¢)ã¯ãªããããªæ²é¢ã§æ§æãããç©äœã§ãã¢ãã«ã®ã»ãã¯è§åŒµã£ã(ãã©ã°ã£ã)ãã®ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
ããšãã°2000幎ã«çºå£²ããããœããŒã®PlayStation 2ã¯æèŒããEmotion Engineã«ãã£ãŠãåœæãšããŠã¯ç»æçãªããšã«ãæ¯ç§300äž~600äžããªãŽã³ãæãããšãã§ãããã®èœåã®ãããã§ãããŸã§ã®ã²ãŒã æ©ãšæ¯ã¹ãŠçžåœã«ãªããããªæ²é¢ãæããã
äžæ¹ãããã髿§èœã®ãšã³ãžã³ãæèŒããŠããªãå Žåã¯ããœããå¶äœè
åŽã¯ããŒããŠã§ã¢ãã¢ãã«ãåŠçããããªãäºæ
ãé¿ããããã«ã極åå°ãªãæ°ã®ããªãŽã³(ããŒããªãŽã³)ã§ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®ã¢ããªã³ã°ãè¡ãäºãèŠæ±ãããããã现éšã®è¡šçŸã«ã¯åçš®ã®ãã¯ã¹ãã£ãããã³ã°ãšçµã¿åãããããšãå€ãã
åžåã®å€è§åœ¢ãå¡ã朰ãå®çªã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãšããŠãã¹ãã£ã³ã©ã€ã³ãšèŸºã®äº€ç¹ã®éãå¡ããã¹ãã£ã³ã©ã€ã³æ³ããããã
ãªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã¹ã®äžçã§ã¯ã倧æµã®å Žåã¯åºæ¬çã«ãäžè§åœ¢ããªãŽã³ã䜿çšãããã
以äžã¯GPUçã«ãããåŠçã«é¢ããè°è«ã§ãããçŸåšã§ã¯ãã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåãäžè§åœ¢ã®ããªãŽã³ã䜿ããããããã¯ãåè§åœ¢ä»¥äžã®ããªãŽã³ã®å Žåã¯ãåã
ã®é ç¹åº§æšã®äœçœ®é¢ä¿ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãããªãŽã³ã«æ©ããçºçããŠããŸãããã®ãšãããªãŽã³ã®é¢ãæ£ãã(ãããã¯é«éããŸãã¯ã°ãŒããŒè£éã«)å¡ã朰ãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®å®è£
ãè€éãªããã§ãããäžè§åœ¢ããªãŽã³ã§ããã°ãäžã€ã®é ç¹åº§æšãã©ã®ãããªäœçœ®é¢ä¿ã§ãæ¡ä»¶ãèæ
®ããã«åãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã§å¡ãã€ã¶ããæ£ããã°ãŒããŒè£éã§ãããäžè§åœ¢ããªãŽã³ãå¡ã朰ãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãå€å°å€æŽããã°ããã©ããè£éãªãåè§åœ¢ä»¥äžã®ããªãŽã³ãå¡ãã€ã¶ããªãããšã¯ãªãããå¹å€è§åœ¢ã®å Žåã¯ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãè€éã«ãªãããã£ã«ã¬ãŒããäœäžããããããã®çç±ããããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã¹ã®äžçã§ã¯ãäžè§åœ¢ããªãŽã³ã䜿çšãããã®ãæ®éã§ããããŸããäžè§åœ¢ããªãŽã³ãè€æ°çµã¿åãããŠãåè§åœ¢ä»¥äžã®ããªãŽã³ã®åŠçã代æ¿ããããšã¯å¯èœãªã®ã§ãããããGPUãªã©ã¯åºæ¬çã«äžè§åœ¢ããªãŽã³ã®åŠçã«ç¹åããèšèšã§ãã(æ¯èŒçã«ç¥å床ãããããŒããŠã§ã¢ã ãšãã»ã¬Model3ã«äœ¿çšãããŠãããLockheedMartin Real3D/PRO-1000ãªã©ã¯ãåè§åœ¢ã®ããªãŽã³ããŒã¹ã§åŠçãããããããšããšãè»äºã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã¿çšã§ããäŸå€çãªååšã§ãã)ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B4%E3%83%B3
|
8,030 |
ãã¹ (ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿)
|
ãã¹ (è±: bus) ãšã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®å
å€ãååè·¯ãããŒã¿ã亀æããããã®å
±éã®çµè·¯ãæãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿çšèªã§ããã
ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã«ãããŠã1ã€ã®ä¿¡å·ç·ã»éä¿¡ç·ã«è€æ°ã®ããã€ã¹ãã¶ãäžããæ§é ãããã¹åããããžãŒããšèšãã(詳现ã¯ãããã¯ãŒã¯æ§æãåç
§ã)æ¬é
ç®ã®ããã¹ãã®ç±æ¥ã¯ããã§ãã(ãããã¯ãã®ãã®)ã
ãã®ããã1察1ã§æ¥ç¶ããå°çšçµè·¯(ããã€ã³ãããŒãã€ã³ãã)ã®å Žåã¯ãã¹ãšèšããªãããã¹ã«äŒŒãçšèªãšããŠãã£ãã«ãããããã£ãã«ã¯ãå
¥åºåãã£ãã«ãã®ããã«ãã¡ã¢ãªãšå
¥åºåãšã®éã®éä¿¡è·¯ãæãäºãå€ãã
å€ãã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã¯ãCPUãªã©ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®äžå¿æ©èœãšãåšèŸºæ©åšãåçš®å¶åŸ¡éšãç¹ãããã«ãã¹ã䜿ã£ãŠãããã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ãåçŽã ã£ã黿æã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã§ã¯ãåèŠçŽ ãåäžã®ãã¹ã«æ¥ç¶ãããŠãããããšãã°ããµã³ã»ãã€ã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ãºã®åæã®ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãVMEãã¹ããã«ããã¹ã䜿ã£ãŠãããããããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®æ§èœãåäžããã«ã€ããŠãCPUãšåæ©åšãšãç¹ããã¹ã®äŒé容éãåäžãããå¿
èŠããããæ¬¡ã
ãšæ°ãããã¹ã«åãæ¿ãã£ãŠãã£ãã
ãã€ã¯ãããã»ããµã®ã¡ã¢ãªãã¹ããããŸã§ã¯ãã¹åããããžãäž»æµã ã£ãããã¡ã¢ãªã®é«éåã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠãã£ãã«ãžãšç§»è¡ãã€ã€ããããŸãããã«ãããã»ããµæ§æãæ¡ãã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãæ§èœãæå€§åããããã«è€æ°ã®ããã»ããµãšã¡ã¢ãªãŒãšã®éã§ã®å€å¯Ÿå€ã®åæéä¿¡ãè¡ããããã«ããã¯ãã¹ããŒã¹ã€ãããæ¡çšããŠããããã«ããã«ãã³ã¢ãã¡ããŒã³ã¢ãåããæ°äžä»£ã®é«æ§èœãã€ã¯ãããã»ããµã®å
éšã§ããå€ãã®ã³ã¢ãšãã£ãã·ã¥ã¡ã¢ãªãŒãå€éšãšã®é«é倧容éã®äŒéãå¯èœã«ããããã«ããã£ãã«ã«ä»£ãã£ãŠã¯ãã¹ããŒã¹ã€ããããªã³ã°ãã¹ãæ¡çšãããããã«ãªã£ãŠããã
æ©åšå
éšã®æ§æèŠçŽ ãæ¥ç¶ããããã®ãå
éšãã¹ãå€éšæ©åšãšæ¥ç¶ãããã®ãå€éšãã¹ãšããããã®åé¡ã¯ã©ãã«èŠç¹ã眮ããã§ãããšãã°ãã€ã¯ãããã»ããµãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®å
éšåºæ¿(ãã¶ãŒããŒãç)ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿è£
眮ã®çäœãçã§åé¡ã®ä»æ¹ãå€ãããäœçœ®ãæç€ºãããCPUå
éšãã¹ãçãšãã£ã衚çŸããã¡ãŒã«ãŒã®ãæšæºæ©åšããšãæ¡åŒµæ©åšããšãã£ãåçäžã®åé¡ãªã©ããæ¡åŒµãã¹ãšãã£ãããã«åŒã°ãããã®ãããã
1ããããã€é çªã«ããŒã¿ã転éãããã¹ãã·ãªã¢ã«ãã¹ãšåŒã¶ãéåžžã¯ã¯ããã¯ä¿¡å·ç·ã¯ååšãããåä¿¡åŽã§ã®åŸ©èª¿ã«å¿
èŠãªã¯ããã¯ã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã¯ããŒã¿ä¿¡å·ã«éç©ããŠéã£ãŠãããéä¿¡ç·è·¯ã®æ¬æ°ãå°ãªããã°ã·ãŒã«ããå
å®ããããã平衡æ¥ç¶ãæ¯èŒç容æã«ãªãããé«åšæ³¢ä¿¡å·ãæ±ãããããªããè€æ°ã®éä¿¡ç·è·¯ã§ã¯äºãã®ä¿¡å·éã§ã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ããããã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã»ã¹ãã¥ãŒåé¡ãèµ·ãããã·ãªã¢ã«åã«ãã£ãŠåé¿ã§ãããã¯ãã¹ããŒã¯(å¹²æž)ã®åé¡ãæžå°ãããæ±ããããé信容éã®å¢å€§ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠã·ãªã¢ã«ãã¹ãè€æ°çµãæãããã®ãçŸãããŠããããããããã®äŒéè·¯ã«æµããŠããã®ã¯åå¥ã®ã·ãªã¢ã«ä¿¡å·ã§ãã£ãŠäºãã®ä¿¡å·éã«ã¯ããã¯ã®åæã¯ãªããã·ãªã¢ã«ãã¹ã®å€ããéä¿¡ç·è·¯ã®äž¡ç«¯ã«é信端ãšå信端ãæã€ãã£ãã«ã§ãããç©ççã«ã¯æ¬æ¥ã®ãã¹åããããžãŒã§ã¯ãªãããã£ãã«ã§ããã°åççã«ã¯ç·ç«¯åå°ãã¹ã¿ãã®åœ±é¿ãåããã«ãã€ãºã®å°ãªãé«åšæ³¢åäœã«é©ããéä¿¡è·¯ãåŸããããåæã®ã·ãªã¢ã«ãã¹ã¯ããã©ã¬ã«ãã¹ãããéãã«äœéã ã£ãã
ãªã©
ã·ãªã¢ã«ãã¹ã1ããããã€ããŒã¿ã転éããã®ã«å¯ŸããŠãå
ããŒã¿ãã®ãã®ãå
ããŒã¿ããåãåºããè€æ°ããããã²ãšãããŸãã«ããŠãåæã«è€æ°æ¬ã®éä¿¡è·¯ã§æ
å ±ãäŒéãããã¹ã§ããããã©ã¬ã«ãã¹ãå¿
ããã¹åããããžãŒãæ¡ããšã¯éããªããããã¹åããããžãŒãæ¡çšãããã®ãå€ããã¯ããã¯ä¿¡å·ã®å°çšç·ãããŒã¿ç·ãšå¹³è¡ããŠèšããããŠãããåä¿¡åŽã§ã®ããŒã¿åŸ©èª¿ã®åæã«äœ¿ãããã
ä¿¡å·ç·ã®æ¬æ°ãå€ãã®ã§ãäžè¬çã«ã¯äžå¹³è¡¡æ¥ç¶ãæ¡çšãããŠãããã·ãŒã«ãã®äžè¶³ãç·è·¯éã®ã¯ãã¹ããŒã¯ãè·¯ç·é·ã»LRCç¹æ§ã®éããªã©ã«ããã¹ãã¥ãŒã«ãã£ãŠé«éäŒéã«ã¯ããŸãåããªãã
ãããæ°ããªãã¡å¹³è¡ããç·è·¯æ°ã¯ã8ã»16ã»32ãå€ãã
ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã§äœ¿çšãããããŒã¿ãã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ãã¹ã«æ¡çšäŸãå€ããå€éšããã€ã¹ãã€ãªããã¹ãšããŠãçšããããGPIBãIDE/(ãã©ã¬ã«)ATAãSCSIãPCIãªã©ããããé«éåã«éçããããããPCIã®æ¹è¯çPCI Expressããã©ã¬ã«ATAã®æ¹è¯çã·ãªã¢ã«ATAã§ã¯ãããŒã¿ã©ã€ã³ã¯ã·ãªã¢ã«ãã¹ãšãªã£ãŠããã
ãã¹åããããžãŒãæ¡ããã¹ã§ã¯ãè€æ°ã®éä¿¡åè·¯ãååšããããã«åæã«éä¿¡ãè¡ããªããããäŒéè·¯ãžä¿¡å·ãéãåºãæš©å©ã調åããåè·¯ãèšããããã®ãäžè¬çã§ããããã®ãããªåè·¯ã¯ãã¹ã»ã¢ãŒãã¿ãŒãšåŒã°ãããã¹ã»ã¢ãŒããã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãè¡ãã調ååè·¯ãèšããã«ãã¹ã®äœ¿çšæš©ãåéä¿¡åè·¯ãžé çªã«äžããæ¹åŒããããããã¹ã®äŒéå¹çã¯æªããªãã
ãã£ãã«ãšç°ãªããè€æ°ã®éåä¿¡åè·¯ãååšãããã¹åããããžãŒãæ¡ããã¹ã§ã¯ãä»®ã«äž¡ç«¯ã®çµç«¯åŠçãæ£ããè¡ã£ãŠããéäžã®éåä¿¡åè·¯ã®æ¥ç¶ç·ãã³ãã¯ã¿é¡ã¯ãã¹ã¿ãããšåŒã°ããåŒã蟌ã¿éšåãæ§æããŠãã®éšåã§ä¿¡å·æ³¢åœ¢ã¯å£åãããä»®ã«éäžã®ã³ãã¯ã¿ã空ã®ãŸãŸæŸçœ®ãããã°ã³ãã¯ã¿ã®åŒã蟌ã¿ç·éšåããåå°ãçãããè·¯ç·é·ã®éããäŒéç¹æ§ã®éããªã©ãè£æ£ããããã«ãäŒéè·¯ã䜿çšããåã«ãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ãè¡ã£ãŠå¹³è¡ããããŒã¿ç·ã®ä¿¡å·ç¹æ§ãæé©åãããããªå·¥å€«ãè¡ãããããé·ãé
ç·ãåŒãåããªããååãªã·ãŒã«ããè¡ãããšã¯é£ãããã³ã¢ã³ã¢ãŒããã€ãºã¯äžå¹³è¡¡äŒéã§ã¯é€ããã倿¥ãã€ãºãã¯ãã¹ããŒã¯ãæããªããé«éä¿¡å·ã®æ³¢åœ¢ãä¹±ããªãããã«æ±ãã«ã¯éçãããã
CPUã®ãã€ã¯ããããå
éšã®ä¿¡å·ç·ãCPUã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£å³ã«ãã瀺ãããããšãå€ãã
CPUå€éšã®ãã¹ãããã¯åã«CPUãã¹ãšèšããããã§ã¯ãCPUãšã¡ã¢ãªã»å
¥åºåè£
眮ãçŽæ¥ãã¹ã§æ¥ç¶ãããç°¡åãªæ§æãèããŠã¿ã(仿¥ã®ããœã³ã³ã¯ããå°ãè€éã§ãããæ¯èŒçå€ãæä»£ã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã§ã¯ãåèŠçŽ ã1ã€ã®ãã¹ã«æ¥ç¶ãããŠãããSUNã®VMEãã¹ãMULTIBUSãªã©ã)
åºæ¬çãªäŸãšããŠã®ãã¹ã®æ§é ã¯äžèšã®ããã«ãªãã
ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã転éããããã«äœ¿ãããç·ã䜿ãããç·ã®æ¬æ°ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ãã¹å¹
ãšèšããã¡ã¢ãªã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãå
¥åºåè£
眮 (I/O) ã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãåºåããããäŸãã°ãZ80ã§ã¯ãã³(ä¿¡å·)A00 - A15ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ãã¹ã§ãããã¢ãã¬ã¹ãã¹å¹
ã¯16bitã§ã64KBã®ã¡ã¢ãªãæ±ããã
ã¡ã¢ãªã¢ãã¬ã¹ãã¹ãšI/Oã¢ãã¬ã¹ãã¹ã¯ããã³ãå
±çšããå Žåããç¬ç«ããŠããå Žåãããã
CPUãšãã¡ã¢ãªãI/Oãšã®éã§ããŒã¿ã転éããããã«äœ¿ãããç·ãåºæ¬çã«ã¯åæ¹åéä¿¡ãåºæ¬ã ããS100ãã¹ã®ããã«ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿âåšèŸºæ©åšãåšèŸºæ©åšâã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®ããŒã¿ã®è»¢éãåãããã¹ãããã䜿ãããç·ã®æ¬æ°ãããŒã¿ãã¹å¹
ãšããã
ããŒã¿ãã¹ãã¡ã¢ãªçšãšI/Oçšãšã§ããã³ãå
±çšããå Žåããç¬ç«ããŠããå Žåãããã
ã³ã³ãããŒã«ãã¹ãšãåŒã¶ã
ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãã¹ãããŒã¿ãã¹ã§å®éã«å
¥åºåãè¡ãã¿ã€ãã³ã°ãããã®ä»CPUãšå€éšãšã®éã§ã®å¿
èŠãªå¶åŸ¡æ
å ±ãé£ãåãããä¿¡å·ç·ãå
¥åã»åºåã¯çšéã«å¿ããŠå¥ã
äŸãšããŠãåãã¹ã«æå¹ãªããŒã¿ãä¹ã£ãŠããäºã瀺ããå¶åŸ¡ä¿¡å·ã®ãšããž(å€åç¹)ã§å®éã®è»¢éåäœãè¡ããããäŸãã°ãZ80ã§ã¯MREQãã³ãã¢ã¯ãã£ãã«ãªãäºã«ããã¡ã¢ãªãšã®è»¢éã§ããäºã瀺ããRDãã³ã¯CPUãžã®å
¥å(èªã¿èŸŒã¿)ãWRãã³ã¯CPUããã®åºå(æžã蟌ã¿)æã«ã¢ã¯ãã£ãã«ãªãã
åçŽãªæ§æã§ã¯äžèšã®ããã«ãªããã仿¥ã®ããè©³çŽ°ãªæè¡ã«ã€ããŠã¯CPUãã¹ãåç
§ã®ããšã
ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿å
éšãããªãã¡CPUã®å€åŽããè£
眮ã®å
éšãŸã§ã®éã§ã¯ãè²ã
ãªãã¹ã䜿ãããŠãããäžèšã®CPUå€éšãã¹ãå«ããŠåã«ãå€éšãã¹ããšèšãããšãããã
åçŽãªãã€ã³ã³ã§ã¯äžèšã®CPUå€éšãã¹ã®å»¶é·ç·ã®æ§æãåãããšãå€ããã仿¥ã§ã¯ããœã³ã³ã§ããããã»ããã«ããã·ã¹ãã ãã¹ãã¡ã¢ãªãã¹ãå
¥åºåãã¹ãçµ±åããããã£ãã«æ§æãåãã
ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿å
ã®åã³ã³ããŒãã³ããæ¥ç¶ããããã¹ã§ãããäžèšã®CPUå€éšãã¹ãããªãã¡CPUããçŽæ¥åºãä¿¡å·ç·ãæãããšãããã
ããã³ããµã€ããã¹ãšãåŒã°ããããã®çšèªã«ã¯è«žèª¬ããã仿¥ã®ããœã³ã³ã§ã¯CPUããåºãã·ã¹ãã ãã¹ã¯ãããŒã¹ããªããžããšåŒã°ãããããã»ããã«éçŽããŠæ¥ç¶ãããã®ãäžè¬çã§ããã
ã¡ã€ã³ã¡ã¢ãªãæ¥ç¶ãããã¹ã§ããã
I/Oãã¹ãå
¥åºåè£
çœ®ãæ¥ç¶ããããã¹ã§ãããDMAã«ãããã£ãã«ãã¹æ§æãåãå Žåãããã仿¥ã®ããœã³ã³ã§ã¯åšèŸºæ©åšãšã®å
¥åºåã®ãã¡ãPCI / IDE / USBãªã©ã®æ¯èŒçäœéãªI/Oãã¹ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãããµãŠã¹ããªããžããšåŒã°ãããããã»ãããå¶åŸ¡ãããAGPãPCI Expressãªã©ã®æ¯èŒçé«éãªI/Oãã¹ã¯ããŒã¹ããªããžã«çŽæ¥æ¥ç¶ãããã
ç·è«ãšããŠãçŸåšã®PCã®æ§æã§ã¯ããã¹æ§æããããã£ãã«æ§æã«è¿ãã®ã§ãå€éšæ©åš(ã«ãŒã)ãæ¥ç¶ãããã¹(å€éšãã¹ãæ¡åŒµãã¹)ãäž»ã«äœ¿ããããI/Oãã¹ãã¡ã¢ãªãã¹ã¯ã1990幎代以åã®PCããçŸåšããã€ã³ã³ãªã©ã«ãã䜿ãããŠããã
æ¡åŒµãã¹ãšã¯ãPCIãªã©ã®æ¡åŒµã«ãŒããçŽæ¥æ¥ç¶ãããã¹ãæããæ¡åŒµãã¹ã®é
ç®ãåç
§ã®ããšã
ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®åã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã察称ã«çµåããããã¯ãã¬ãŒã³ã«ãã¹ãçœ®ãæ§æãããããã®ãããªãã¹ãããã¯ãã¬ãŒã³ãã¹ãšèšãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9_(%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF)
|
8,033 |
æ°å€§ä¹
ä¿é§
|
æ°å€§ä¹
ä¿é§
(ããããããŒãã)ã¯ãæ±äº¬éœæ°å®¿åºçŸäººçºäžäžç®ã«ãããæ±æ¥æ¬æ
客éé(JRæ±æ¥æ¬)å±±æç·ã®é§
ã§ãããé§
çªå·ã¯JY 16ã
åœé§
ã«ã¯ç°ç¶ç·ãšããŠã®å±±æç·é»è»ã®ã¿ãåè»ããå±±æè²šç©ç·ãèµ°è¡ããåŒäº¬ç·ã»æ¹åæ°å®¿ã©ã€ã³ããã®ä»ã®åè»ã¯åè»ããªãããŸããç¹å®éœåºåžå
å¶åºŠã«ããããæ±äº¬éœåºå
ãããã³ãæ±äº¬å±±æç·å
ãã«å±ããŠããã
è¥¿æŠæ°å®¿é§
- é«ç°éŠ¬å Žé§
éã§äžŠèµ°ãã西æŠééæ°å®¿ç·ããå±±æè²šç©ç·ã®æ±åŽãééããŠããã
å±±æç·ã®åç¬é§
ã¯åœé§
ãšç®çœé§
ã®ã¿ã§ããã
JRæ±æ¥æ¬ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãµãŒãã¹ãé§
æ¥åãåèšããŠããæ°å®¿é§
管çã®æ¥åå§èšé§
ãå³¶åŒããŒã 1é¢2ç·ã®é«æ¶é§
ã§ãããæ¹æå£ã¯2ãæããããã®ãã¡1ãæã¯åºå£å°çš(ICã«ãŒãå°çš)ãšãªã£ãŠããã
2021幎3æ28æ¥ã«ã¯åœé§
èã®3ã»4éã«ãé£ãã«é¢ããäº€æµæ ç¹ãKimchi,Durian,Cardamom,,,ãã鿥ããŠããã
åœé§
åšèŸºã«æ¥æ¬èªåŠæ ¡ãå€ããããéåŠããçåŠçã®å©çšãå€ãããšãªã©ããã24ã«åœèªã§æ§å
æŸéãæµããŠããã
(åºå
ž:JRæ±æ¥æ¬:é§
æ§å
å³)
2022幎(什å4幎)床ã®1æ¥å¹³åä¹è»äººå¡ã¯43,552人ã§ãããJRæ±æ¥æ¬ç®¡å
å
šäœã§ã¯é¢å
é§
ã«æ¬¡ãã§ç¬¬95äœã
1990幎代åã°ããæšªã°ããç¶ããŠãããã2010幎代ããå¢å ã«è»¢ããŠããã倧ä¹
ä¿é§
ãããåœé§
ã®æ¹ãå©çšè
ãå€ãã
è¿å¹Žã®1æ¥å¹³åä¹è»äººå¡ã®æšç§»ã¯äžèšã®éããå±±æç·åç¬é§
ã§ã¯æãå©çšè
ãå€ãã
é§
åã«ã¯å€§ä¹
ä¿éã(æ±äº¬éœé433å·ç¥æ¥œåé«å寺ç·)ãéãã倧ä¹
ä¿é§
ãŸã§çŽ300ã¡ãŒãã«ã
é§
西åŽã®çŸäººçºã¯æããæ¥œåšåºãå€ãäºã§èåããŸããã¢ãžã¢ã®è²ã
ãªå°åã®æ°ææçåºãå€ãç«å°ããã
é§
æ±åŽã¯æé®®æçåºãéæµã°ããºåºãé£ãªãæ±äº¬ã®ã³ãªã¢ã»ã¿ãŠã³ãšããŠæåã§ããã
åœé§
西åŽå€§ä¹
ä¿éãæ²¿ãã«èšçœ®ãããŠãããæ°å€§ä¹
ä¿é§
åãåçæã«ãŠãéœå¶ãã¹ã®ä»¥äžã®è·¯ç·ãçºçããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%85%E4%BF%9D%E9%A7%85
|
8,034 |
é«ç°éŠ¬å Žé§
|
é«ç°éŠ¬å Žé§
(ããã ã®ã°ã°ãã)ã¯ãæ±äº¬éœæ°å®¿åºé«ç°éŠ¬å Žäžäžç®ã«ãããæ±æ¥æ¬æ
客éé(JRæ±æ¥æ¬)ã»è¥¿æŠééã»æ±äº¬å°äžé(æ±äº¬ã¡ãã)ã®é§
ã§ããã
JRæ±æ¥æ¬ã®å±±æç·ã西æŠééã®æ°å®¿ç·ãæ±äº¬ã¡ããã®æ±è¥¿ç·ãä¹ãå
¥ããæ¥ç¶é§
ãšãªã£ãŠããããªããå±±æè²šç©ç·ãèµ°è¡ããåŒäº¬ç·ã»æ¹åæ°å®¿ã©ã€ã³ããã®ä»ã®åè»ã¯åè»ããªãã
é§
åã¯ãèµ€ç©æµªå£«ååäžå£«ã®äžäººãå éšæŠåºžã®äŒèª¬ãšãªã£ãŠããé«ç°éŠ¬å Žã®æ±ºé(1694幎)ããã£ãããšã§ç¥ãããçŸåšã§ã¯è¬è«ãªã©ã®é¡æãšãªã£ãŠãããé«ç°éŠ¬å Ž(ãããã®ã°ã°)ãããåããããå°å
ã§ã¯ãåœæã®å°åãããšã£ãŠãäžæžå¡é§
ããè«èšªä¹æ£®é§
ããåžæãã声ããã£ããããã§ã«ç¥å¥å·çã®æžå¡é§
ããã£ãã®ã§ãæžå¡ã§äžçªæåãªé«ç°éŠ¬å Žã®ååãé§
åã«ãããšãããèªã¿æ¹ãããããã®ã°ã°ãã§ã¯ãªããããã ã®ã°ã°ããšããã®ã¯ãé§
ãæ¬æ¥ã®éŠ¬å Žãšé¢ããŠããã®ã§ããããšæ¿ããããšãã話ãäŒãã£ãŠããã
çŸåšãåœé§
åšèŸºã®çºåã¯ãé«ç°éŠ¬å Žããšç§°ãããŠããããããã¯1975幎(æå50幎)ã®äœå±
è¡šç€ºå®æœæã«ãé«ç°éŠ¬å Žé§
ãæåšããããšã«å£ã£ãŠãåœé§
åšèŸºã®çºåããé«ç°éŠ¬å Žãã«åããããã®ã§ãããå®éã«ã¯ãå²å®ã®ãé«ç°éŠ¬å Žãã¯ã西æ©çš²ç°äžäžç®ã«ãã£ããšäŒããããåœé§
ããã¯è¥å¹²ã®è·é¢ãããã
JRæ±æ¥æ¬ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãµãŒãã¹ãé§
æ¥åãåèšããŠããæ°å®¿é§
管çã®æ¥åå§èšé§
ã§ãããã¿ã©ãã®çªå£ã»å€æ©èœåžå£²æ©ã»æå®åžåžå£²æ©ãèšçœ®ãããŠããã
å³¶åŒããŒã 1é¢2ç·ãæãã髿¶é§
ã§ãããæ¹æå£ã¯åå¯ãã®æ©çš²ç°å£ãšåç«¯ã®æžå±±å£ã®2ãæãèšããããŠããããã®ãã¡ãæžå±±å£ã«ã¯ã客ããŸãµããŒãã³ãŒã«ã·ã¹ãã ãå°å
¥ãããŠãããæ©æã»æ·±å€ã¯é é察å¿ã®ããæ¹æä¿å¡ã¯äžåšãšãªãããã®ä»ãããŒã ã®äžå€®ã«ããè·šç·æ©ãšæ©çš²ç°å£ã«ã¯è¥¿æŠç·ãšã®ä¹ãæãå°çšå£ããããè·šç·æ©ã«ã¯JRç·ã西æŠç·ã©ã¡ãã«ãå笊売ãå Žããã西æŠééã管çããŠãããæ©çš²ç°å£ã¯èªåæ¹ææ©ã®èšçœ®ã®ã¿ã§ããããšã¹ã«ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒãšãšã¬ããŒã¿ãŒã¯æ©çš²ç°å£ãšããŒã ãé£çµ¡ããŠããã
髿¶äžã«ã¯æå¡æ²»è«ã®æŒ«ç»äœåãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã䞊ã¹ãå£ç»ããããããã¯é«æ¶äžãæããããå°å
ã®ååºè¡ãäžå¿ãšãªã£ãŠå®æã«ããçãããã®ã ãããªãã¥ãŒã¢ã«ã«äŒŽã2005å¹Žã«æ€å»ãããããã®åŸã2008幎ã«ãªãã¥ãŒã¢ã«ã宿ããå幎4æ5æ¥ã«å£ç»ã埩掻ãããJR髿¶äžã®å£ç»ã®ã¿ã€ãã«ã¯ãã¬ã©ã¹ã®å°çãæããã§ããã
ãã€ã¬ã¯1éæ©çš²ç°å£æ¹æå£å
ã«èšçœ®ãããŠããã2006幎ã«å
šé¢çã«æ¹ä¿®ããã倿©èœãã€ã¬ã远å ãããã
å±±æç·ã®ç·è·¯ã®é£ã«ã¯åŒäº¬ç·ãæ¹åæ°å®¿ã©ã€ã³ãªã©ãèµ°è¡ããå±±æè²šç©ç·ã®ç·è·¯ãéã£ãŠãããã®ã®ããã¡ãã«ã¯ããŒã ã¯èšçœ®ãããŠããªããå°å
ããã¯åŒäº¬ç·ãªã©ã®åè»èŠæ±ãæ¥æ¬åœæéé(åœé)æä»£ãããããã®ã®ãããŒã ã®çšå°ç¢ºä¿ãã§ããªãããšãJRåŽãžã®ã¡ãªããã®å°ãªããçç±ã«å®çŸããŠããªãã
ããŒã å¹
å¡ãçããç¹ã«å¹³æ¥æã©ãã·ã¥æã®å
åãã¯æ··éããããŸã2012幎以éã¯ãé§
æ¹è¯å·¥äºãšåæã«ããŒã ãã¢ã®èšçœ®å·¥äºãè¡ãããŠããã
2020幎8æ26æ¥ã«ãæ³ãŸããæ¬å±ãBOOK AND BED TOKYOããå±éããã¢ããªãšããã¯ã¢ã³ããããã®æ°æ¥æ
ã§ããã«ãã§ãSTAND by bookandbedtokyoããæ©çš²ç°å£æ¹æåã«ãªãŒãã³ããŠããã
(åºå
ž:JRæ±æ¥æ¬:é§
æ§å
å³)
2003幎3æ1æ¥ãããã¢ãã¡ãéè
ã¢ãã ãã®ç¬¬äžã·ãªãŒãºã®ããŒãæ²ãçºè»ã¡ããã£ãšããŠäœ¿çšããŠãããããã¯æå¡æ²»è«ã瀟é·ãåããæå¡ãããã¯ã·ã§ã³ãé«ç°éŠ¬å Žã«ããããšãšããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®äžäººã§ãããè¶ã®æ°Žå士ãé·å®ãåãããç§åŠçããé«ç°éŠ¬å Žã«ãã£ããšããèšå®ãããé«ç°éŠ¬å Žè¥¿ååºè¡æ¯èçµåãJRæ±æ¥æ¬ã«èŠæããå®çŸãããã®ã§ãããã¡ããã£ã®å¶äœã¯ã¹ã€ãããæ
åœããç·šæ²ã¯æ«»äºéä»ãææãããåœåã¯æééå®äœ¿çšã®äºå®ã§ãã£ããããã®åŸãåŒãç¶ã䜿çšãããŠããã
2é¢2ç·ã®é«æ¶é§
ã§ããã®ãã¡1é¢ã¯äžãã®ã¿ååŒããŒã ã§ããã1é¢ã¯äžäžç·å
±çšã®å³¶åŒããŒã ã«ãªã£ãŠãããPASMOã»Suicaãªã©ã§å°åãããå±¥æŽè¡šç€ºã¯ã西æŠéŠ¬å Žãã§ããããã€ãŠã®ãã¹ãããã®åºå Žå°åã«ã¯ãSB銬ãããã£ãã
鿥åœåã¯æ°å®¿ç·ã®èµ·ç¹ã§ãé§
ã®ååŽ(çŸåšã®è¥¿æŠæ°å®¿åŽ)ã«åŒãäžãç·ããã£ããåœåã¯å³¶åŒããŒã 1é¢2ç·ã®åœ¢æ
ã ã£ããã1963幎ããæ±åŽã«äžãããŒã ãæ°èšãããããå€åçžå¯ŸåŒããŒã ã®2é¢2ç·ãšãªã£ãŠããã
æ¹æå£ã¯æ©çš²ç°å£ã»ããã°ããã¯ã¹å£ã»æžå±±å£ã»èšæå£(æ±è¥¿ç·é£çµ¡ãåºå£ã®ã¿)ããããæžå±±å£ã¯7:00ãã22:00ãŸã§ãèšæå£ã¯7:00ãã13:30ãŸã§éèšããŠããããªããæžå±±å£ã¯5çªããŒã ã«çŽçµããŠããã3çªããŒã ãžã¯è·šç·æ©ãçµç±ããããšã«ãªãããŸããJRãšã®éã«ã¯æ©çš²ç°å£æ¹ææšªãšè·šç·æ©ã«é£çµ¡æ¹æå£ãããã1998幎ããå€å£ã«ããŒã å·æ¿ãè¡ã£ãŠããããã€ã¬ã¯æ©çš²ç°å£ãšè·šç·æ©äž(3é)ã«ããã倿©èœãã€ã¬ã¯è·šç·æ©åŽã«èšçœ®ãããŠããã
ãšã¹ã«ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã¯æ©çš²ç°å£ - ããŒã éãšJRç·é£çµ¡è·šç·æ© - ããŒã éãããšã¬ããŒã¿ãŒã¯ããã°ããã¯ã¹å£ - ããŒã (5çªããŒã ã¯ããã«JRç·é£çµ¡è·šç·æ©)éãããããé£çµ¡ããŠããã
è¥¿æŠæ°å®¿ç·ã«ãããæ±äº¬éœå¿éšã®ã¿ãŒããã«é§
ãšãªã£ãŠããŠãåœé§
ã«ã¯ç¹æ¥ãå°æ±æžããå«ãæ°å®¿ç·ã®å
šæ
客嶿¥åè»ãåè»ãããæ¬æ¥ãè¥¿æŠæ°å®¿ç·ã®ã¿ãŒããã«ã¯é£ã®è¥¿æŠæ°å®¿é§
ã ããåé§
ã®äœçœ®ãæ°å®¿é§
ãšã¯é¢ããäœçœ®ã«ãããè¥¿æŠæ°å®¿ç·ããJRå±±æç·ãžã®ä¹ãæãã¯ãè¥¿æŠæ°å®¿é§
ããåœé§
ãå©çšããæ¹ãã¯ããã«äŸ¿å©ã§ããããŸããå°äžéæ±è¥¿ç·ãæ¥ç¶ããŠããããšãããåœé§
ã®å©çšè
ã«ã¯JRãå°äžéãžã®ä¹ãæã客ãå€ãå«ãŸãã西æŠé«ç°éŠ¬å Žé§
ã®ä¹é人å¡ã¯304,904人(2017幎床)ãšãªã£ãŠãããããã¯è¥¿æŠæ°å®¿é§
(2017幎床ã¯180,884人)ã®ããã1.7åã§ãããåœé§
ã®åè»æåãé·ãã«ç¢ºä¿ããããšã§å€æ°ã®ä¹é客ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããããŸããå¹³æ¥æã©ãã·ã¥æã¯æ··éãèãããããåŸã«è¿°ã¹ããããªç¹å¥ãªå¯Ÿå¿ãè¡ãããŠããã
2008幎4æ5æ¥ãJRã®é«æ¶äžãšãšãã«æå¡æ²»è«ã®æŒ«ç»äœåãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒå£ç»ãèšçœ®ãããã西æŠé«æ¶äžã®å£ç»ã®ã¿ã€ãã«ã¯ãæŽå²ãšæåãéå»ããçŸåšãããŠæªæ¥ãžããã§ããã
é§
åæšã¯ãæ¥æ¬èªã»ããŒãåãšãã³ã°ã«ã衚èšãããŠããããªãã西æŠééã®é§
ã§ã®ãã³ã°ã«ã®äœ¿çšã¯åœé§
ãåããŠã§ããã
2012幎10æ1æ¥ãããçºè»ã¡ããã£ããã«ã³ã¡ã®CMãœã³ã°ãžå€æŽãããŠãããããã¯ãåœé§
ã®è¿ãã«å瀟ã®äºåæãããããšã«ãããã®ã§ããããã ãæ¬ç€Ÿã¯é·éçé·éåžã«æåšããã
管åºé·é
眮é§
ã§ããããæ°å®¿é§
管åºããšããŠè¥¿æŠæ°å®¿é§
- 沌è¢é§
éã®åé§
ã管çããŠããã
åœé§
ã¯2é¢2ç·ã®äžéé§
ã§ãããªããã2é¢3ç·ã§å§çºã»çµçé§
ã§ããè¥¿æŠæ°å®¿é§
ãšåæ¬æ°ã®åè»ãçºçã(西æŠééã®2ç·æ§é ã®é§
ã®äžã§ã¯æå€)ã1.7åã®å©çšå®¢ããããç¹ã«æã©ãã·ã¥æã¯äžã(è¥¿æŠæ°å®¿è¡ã)åè»ã®éè»å®¢ã§é§
æ§å
ãéåžžã«æ··éããã
åè¿°ã®ããã«åœé§
ã¯å€åçžå¯ŸåŒã®2é¢2ç·ãšãã圢æ
ã§ãäžãç·ã¯2ã€ã®ããŒã ã«æãŸãã圢æ
ãšãªã£ãŠããããšãããå¹³æ¥ã®æã©ãã·ã¥æ(7:00 - 9:30)ã«éããäžãåè»ã¯5çªããŒã åŽã®ãã¢ã«å ããŠ4çªããŒã åŽã®ãã¢æ±ããè¡ããããã«ããé§
æ§å
ã®æ··éç·©åã®ã¿ãªãããä¹éæåã®ççž®ã«ããåŸç¶åè»ã®é
延鲿¢ãå³ã£ãŠããã2006幎ã«4çªããŒã ã¯è»¢èœé²æ¢ã®ãã4æè»å°çšã®å¯ååŒããŒã æµãèšçœ®ããããããæµã®å¯åéšãšãã¢ã®ééã«å·®ç°ããã3æè»ããã³ç¹æ¥åè»ã¯ãå¹³æ¥ã®æã©ãã·ã¥æã§ãã£ãŠã4çªããŒã åŽã®ãã¢æ±ããè¡ããªãã
(åºå
ž:西æŠéé:é§
æ§å
å³)
äžæ±ã®ããçžå¯ŸåŒããŒã 2é¢2ç·ãæããå°äžé§
ã§ãããè¥¿è¹æ©åŽã«äž¡æž¡ãç·ããããèœåé§
ã«å€éç眮ãããè»äž¡ã®è»¢ç·ã§æ©æã»æ·±å€ã«äœ¿çšãããŠããã»ããäžéšé転èŠåãããšãªã£ãéã«åœé§
ã§æãè¿ãéã«äœ¿çšãããããã€ãŠåœé§
æãè¿ãã®åè»ãèšå®ãããŠããé ã«ã䜿çšãããŠããã
æ¹æå£ã¯3ãæãããäžéåŽã®2ãæã¯JRã»è¥¿æŠã®æ©çš²ç°å£è¿ããšé§
åããŒã¿ãªãŒæ±åŽã®2ãæã®åºå
¥å£ã«ã€ãªãããè¥¿è¹æ©åŽã®1ãæã¯æ©çš²ç°éãã®åºå
¥å£ã«ã€ãªããããšã¬ããŒã¿ãŒã¯ãå°çšåºå
¥å£ãé§
åããŒã¿ãªãŒäžã«ãããäžéå¯ãã®æ¹æå£ãšé£çµ¡ããŠããã
1987幎ãã1994幎ã«ãããŠãæãèœåå¯ãã®æ¹æå£ã®çµ±åãæ°èšãšèœåå¯ãããŒã å¹
å¡ã®æ¡å¹
ããã³åºå
¥å£ã®æ°èšãªã©ã®é§
æ¹è¯å·¥äºãè¡ã£ããããã«ãããåŸæ¥4 mçšåºŠã§ãã£ãããŒã å¹
ã¯äžéæ¹é¢ããŒã ãæå€§7 mãè¥¿è¹æ©æ¹é¢ããŒã ãæå€§9 mã«ãŸã§æ¡å¹
ãããããã€ã¬ã¯è¥¿æ¹æå£å€ã𿱿¹æå£å
ã«ããã倿©èœãã€ã¬ã䜵èšããŠããããªã¹ãã¡ã€ã察å¿èšåã¯åæ¹ã®ãã€ã¬ã«èšçœ®ãããŠãããé§
ãã«æœèšãšããŠãé«ç°éŠ¬å Žã¡ãããã¢ã䜵èšããŠããã
2018幎3æã«ããŒã ãã¢ãèšçœ®ããã6æ8æ¥ãã皌åãéå§ãããæ±è¥¿ç·ã§ã®ããŒã ãã¢ã®èšçœ®ã¯ä¹æ®µäžé§
ã«ç¶ã2é§
ç®ã§ããã
åœé§
ã¯ããé£¯ç°æ©é§
å管åºé«ç°éŠ¬å Žå°åããšããŠè¿é£ã®é§
ã管çããŠããã
(åºå
ž:æ±äº¬ã¡ãã:æ§å
ç«äœå³)
2015幎5æ24æ¥ããåè°·å®äœæ²ã®çºè»ã¡ããã£(çºè»ãµã€ã³é³)ã䜿çšããŠããã
æ²ã¯1çªç·ããA Day in the METROãã2çªç·ããBeyond the Metropolisãã§ãã(è©³çŽ°ã¯æ±äº¬ã¡ããæ±è¥¿ç·#çºè»ã¡ããã£ãåç
§)ã
2017幎床ã«ãããå瀟åèšã®1æ¥å¹³åä¹é人å¡ã¯çŽ93äžäººã§ã幎éã«çŽããšçŽ3å4000äžäººãšãªãã
å幎床ã®1æ¥å¹³åä¹é人å¡ã¯äžè¡šã®éãã
å幎床ã®1æ¥å¹³åä¹è»äººå¡ã¯äžè¡šã®éãã
é§
åã¯æ©çš²ç°å€§åŠã«éããæ©çš²ç°éãã§ãåŠçè¡ã§ããããæ©çš²ç°éãæ²¿ãã¯ãåŠçåãã®é£²é£åºã倿¬å±ãªã©ãå€ãç«å°ããããŸããåšèŸºã«ã¯å°éåŠæ ¡ãå€ããæ©çš²ç°å£ã®æ±åŽã«ã¯ããŒã¿ãªãŒããããã¿ã¯ã·ãŒãæ©å€§æ£éè¡ãªã©ã®éœå¶ãã¹ãçºçãããããŒã¿ãªãŒååŽã«ã¯BIG BOXãæ±åŽã«ã¯è³æå æžåºãªã©ãå
¥ã£ãFIãã«ãååŽã«ã¯é£²é£åºãå
¥ã£ãçš²éãã«ããããæ©çš²ç°å£è¥¿åŽãJRå±±æç·ã®å€åŽã«ã¯ã飲ã¿å±è¡ã§ããæ éããããã
ãªããåœé§
ããåæ±ãžåŸæ©10åã»ã©ã®æã«ã¯ãæ±äº¬ã¡ããå¯éœå¿ç·ã®è¥¿æ©çš²ç°é§
ãããããé£çµ¡é茞ã¯è¡ã£ãŠããªãã
çŸ01系統(颿±ãã¹)ãé€ããå
šãŠéœå¶ãã¹ã®éè¡ãåçæåã¯éœå¶ãã¹ãé«ç°éŠ¬å Žé§
åã颿±ãã¹ãé«ç°éŠ¬å Žé§
ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%94%B0%E9%A6%AC%E5%A0%B4%E9%A7%85
|
8,035 |
ç®çœé§
|
ç®çœé§
(ããããã)ã¯ãæ±äº¬éœè±å³¶åºç®çœäžäžç®ã«ãããæ±æ¥æ¬æ
客éé(JRæ±æ¥æ¬)å±±æç·ã®é§
ã§ããã
åœé§
ã«ã¯å±±æç·é»è»ã®ã¿ãåè»ããå±±æè²šç©ç·ãèµ°è¡ããåŒäº¬ç·ã»æ¹åæ°å®¿ã©ã€ã³ããã®ä»ã®åè»ã¯ééããããŸããç¹å®éœåºåžå
å¶åºŠã«ããããæ±äº¬éœåºå
ãããã³ãæ±äº¬å±±æç·å
ãã«å±ããŠãããåœé§
ã¯ãæ±äº¬å±±æç·å
ãã®JRé§
ã§ãäžå¿é§
(éè³èšç®äžã®åºæºé§
)ã§ããæ±äº¬é§
ããæãé ã(æççµè·¯ã§ããäžéã»æ± è¢çµç±ã§13.5 kmãäžå€®æ¬ç·ä»¥åã§ã¯æµæ¯å¯¿é§
ãåå·ã»å€§åŽçµç±ã§12.4 kmãšæé )ãé§
çªå·ã¯JY 14ã
å±±æç·ã®åç¬é§
ã¯åœé§
ãšæ°å€§ä¹
ä¿é§
ã®ã¿ã§ããã
æ¥æ¬ééã®ç¬¬äžåºç·ç¬¬äžéš ã®æ·èšã«ãããèšçœ®ããããå°å
ããã³æž
æžé(çŸã»ç®çœéã)沿éã®åæãããã³ãã³èšçœ®è«é¡ãããããã®éãæž
æžéã«æ¥ããŠèšçœ®ãããŠãããé§
èã®ç«£å·¥ãé
ããããè·¯ç·ã®éæ¥ããåæé
ãã§éæ¥ããããé§
鿥4æ¥åã«ãªã£ãŠãæ·å°ã®è²·åãå®äºããŠããªãããšã瀺ã岿ããããè²·åæç¶ããé
ããŠããããšãçç±ãšæãããããã®åŸãåœé§
ãšç°ç«¯é§
ãç絡ããè±å³¶ç· ãèšç»ãããããåœé§
ã¯å°åœ¢ããå°æ¥çãªæ¡åŒµã«æ¯éãäºæ³ãããããæ± è¢é§
ãèšããŠæ¥ç¶ããããã«å€æŽãããããã®éã«ã¯ãç®çœé§
è¿èŸºã®äœæ°ããè±å³¶ç·æ·èšãžã®å察ããã£ããšãããŠããã
JRæ±æ¥æ¬ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãµãŒãã¹ãé§
æ¥åãåèšããŠããæ± è¢é§
管çã®æ¥åå§èšé§
ãã客ããŸãµããŒãã³ãŒã«ã·ã¹ãã ãå°å
¥ãããŠãããæ©æã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã³ã«ããæ¡å
ãšãªããå³¶åŒããŒã 1é¢2ç·ã®å°äžé§
ãæ¥æ¬ã§åããŠæ©äžé§
èãæ¡çšããé§
ãšããŠãç¥ããããåºå£ã¯ç®çœéãã«1ãæãããæ± è¢å¯ãã«ãšã¬ããŒã¿ãŒãšãšã¹ã«ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒãèšçœ®ãããã2009幎ã«ãåžã±è°·é§
ãšãšãã«JRæ±æ¥æ¬ã®é§
ã§åããŠLEDã©ã€ãåã®æ¡å
ãµã€ã³ãèšçœ®ãããã
é§
æ§å
ã«ã¯NewDaysMINIãã«ãã§ ãã³ãã«ã¯ãã¯ã€ãŒã³ãºãŠã§ã€ãªã©ããããã«ãŒãã«ãã販売ãªã©ãè¡ãããŠãããé§
æ£é¢ããã³é£æ¥ããå
¬è¡ãã€ã¬ã®å£é¢ã«ã¯ãã¹ãã³ãã°ã©ã¹ã䜿çšãããŠããã
(åºå
ž:JRæ±æ¥æ¬:é§
æ§å
å³)
2022幎(什å4幎)床ã®1æ¥å¹³åä¹è»äººå¡ã¯30,840人ã§ãããå±±æç·å
ã®é§
ã§ã¯é«èŒªã²ãŒããŠã§ã€é§
ã»é¶¯è°·é§
ã«æ¬¡ãã§3çªç®ã«å©çšå®¢ãå°ãªãããåœé§
åšèŸºã¯åŸè¿°ã«è¿°ã¹ãåŠæ ¡ãããããšãããæã©ãã·ã¥æãšäžæ ¡æé垯ã«ã¯åŠçã®å©çšå®¢ãå€ãã
è¿å¹Žã®1æ¥å¹³åä¹è»äººå¡ã®æšç§»ã¯äžèšã®éãã
é§
æ¹æå£ã¯1ç®æã®ã¿ã§ãããæ±è¥¿æ¹åã«èµ°ã ç®çœéã(æ±äº¬éœé8å·å代ç°ç·ŽéЬç°ç¡ç·)ã«çŽçµããŠãããé§
ã®ããæ±åŽãåŠç¿é¢å€§åŠãåŠç¿é¢äžã»é«çç§ã§ããã
é§
åšèŸºã«ã¯ããã®ä»ã«ãæ¥æ¬å¥³å倧åŠãå·æäžåŠæ ¡ã»é«çåŠæ ¡ãç®çœãã¶ã€ã³å°éåŠæ ¡ãæ¥æ¬å€åœèªå°éåŠæ ¡ãæ±äº¬æè²å°éåŠæ ¡ãèµ€å æ é€å°éåŠæ ¡ãªã©ãç«å°ããåŠçã»çåŸã®ä¹é客ãå€ãããŸãåæ¬å¡ŸãšããåŠçå¯®ã®æå¯é§
ã§ããããè¿é£ã«ã¯å°ŸåŒµåŸ³å·å®¶ã®åå«ãåéãã岿ãããåŸ³å·ææ¿å²ç ç©¶æãããã
çŸåšã®ãJRæ±æ¥æ¬ããã«ã¡ããç®çœãã®èŸºãã«ã¯ãã€ãŠå±±æè²šç©ç·(åŒäº¬ç·ã»æ¹åæ°å®¿ã©ã€ã³)ã®è²šç©éé
æããã£ããã貚ç©èŒžéã®æžå°ãšãšãã«å»æ¢ã»æ€å»ãããã
1970幎代以åã¯ããã®éé
æäžã«ã¯åŠç¿é¢æ¹é¢ããã®æ¹§æ°Žãæ¹§ãåºãåŽæºãåŠç¿é¢äžã«åãã£ãŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%AE%E7%99%BD%E9%A7%85
|
8,038 |
ã°ã©ã ã»ã·ã¥ãããã®æ£èŠçŽäº€åæ³
|
ã°ã©ã ã»ã·ã¥ãããã®æ£èŠçŽäº€åæ³(ã°ã©ã ã»ã·ã¥ãããã®ãããã¡ãã£ãããã»ããè±: GramâSchmidt orthonormalization)ãšã¯ãèšéãã¯ãã«ç©ºéã«å±ããç·åç¬ç«ãªæéåã®ãã¯ãã«ãäžãããããšããããããšåãéšå空éãåŒµãæ£èŠçŽäº€ç³»ãäœãåºãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®äžçš®ãã·ã¥ãããã®çŽäº€å(ã¡ãã£ããããorthogonalization)ãšãããããšã«ã²ã³ã»ãããŒã»ã³ã»ã°ã©ã ããã³ãšã«ãã«ãã»ã·ã¥ãããã«å ãã§åä»ããããã倿è¡åã¯äžäžè§è¡åã«åãããšãã§ãããæ£èŠåããå·¥çšãçç¥ãããšãå¿
ãããæ£èŠã§ãªãçŽäº€ç³»ãåŸãããšãã§ããã
V ãèšéãã¯ãã«ç©ºéãšããV ã®ãã¯ãã« v, u ã®å
ç©ã (v, u) ãšè¡šãããšã«ãããäžãããããã¯ãã«ã®ç·åç¬ç«ç³»ã {v1, v2, ..., vn} ãšããã
ã«ãã£ãŠé ã«æ°ãããã¯ãã«ãäœã£ãŠãããšã{u1, u2, ..., un} ã¯æ°ããç·åç¬ç«ç³»ã«ãªããæ§æãããäºãã«çŽäº€ããŠããããšã¯å®¹æã«åããã
ãšããã° {e1, e2, ..., en} ãæ±ããæ§è³ªãæºããæ£èŠçŽäº€ç³»ã§ããããšãåããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%9F%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%A3%E8%A6%8F%E7%9B%B4%E4%BA%A4%E5%8C%96%E6%B3%95
|
8,042 |
äœ
|
äœ(é«ã躰ã躯ã身äœãããã )ã身äœ(ãããã)ã¯ãçç©åŠçãã€æåçã«èŠå®ããããææ©äœãšããŠã®äººéãåç©ã®æ§é ãæãã人éã¯èº«äœãéããŠäžçãçµéšããäžçãæ§æããã
ãäœããšããèšèã¯æèã«å¿ããŠãã身äœ(ãããã)ããå矩èªã§ãã£ããããèŽããå矩èªã§ãã£ãããèäœ(ã«ããã)ããå矩èªã§ãã£ãããããé ã»èŽã»æè¶³ãªã©ããŸãšããŠãäœããšåŒã¶ããšããã(ãã®å Žåãäºäœãšã身äœãšãèšã)ãäºäœããé ãæè¶³ãé€ããéšå(ãã®å ŽåãèŽãšãããã)ããäœããšåŒã¶ããšãããã
ãäœãšå¿ããããã¯ãäœãšéããšãããããªå¯Ÿæ¯ã®ããšã«çšããããŠããããšãããããã®å Žåããããã ãã¯äººéãåç©ã®ãå¿çãããã¯ç²Ÿç¥çãªé¢ã§ã¯ãªãç©è³ªçãªé¢ãæãããŸã人éãåç©ã®çççãªåŽé¢ããæ§çãªåŽé¢ãæãããšããã(èäœãšãããã)ã人éã®çççåŽé¢ãå»åŠã»è§£ååŠçåŽé¢ãæããŠãããã ããšèšã£ãŠããå Žåã¯ãã人äœããå矩èªã§ããã
æ¥åžžèªã§ãäœã®å
·åã¯ã©ãã§ããããšèãæã«ã¯ãå¥åº·ç¶æ
ãå°ããŠããããã®å Žåãåã«çççãªé¢ã«ã€ããŠèããŠããã ãã§ã¯ãªããæ°åãããããªããšãã粟ç¥çã«ãŸãã£ãŠãããšãã£ãé¢ãå«ããå¿èº«ã®ç·äœã«ã€ããŠèããŠããã
èªåã®ããã ãã©ã®ããã«æ±ãããã«ã©ã®ãããªæå³ãèŠåºããŠããã®ããä»è
ã®èº«äœãã©ã®ããã«æ±ãããã«ã©ã®ãããªæå³ãäžããã®ãããŸãããããæå³ã¥ãã«ãã£ãŠã人éååšãšèº«äœãšã®é¢ä¿ãã©ã®ããã«ãšãããã®ãããšããããšã¯æåçãªããšã§ããã人é¡ãããããããšã«ã€ããŠã©ã®ãããªã«ãŒã«ãçºéãããŠããã®ãã«ã€ããŠã¯ãããããŠå€æ¹é¢ããåããã ãå¿
èŠããããšèããããããã«ãªã£ãŠããããšæ³¢å¹³æµçŸåã¯è¿°ã¹ãŠããã
èªãã®äœã䜿ã£ãŠç¥ãããšã¯ãäœéšããšåŒã°ããèšèã ãã«ããç¥èãšã¯åºå¥ããéèŠãããŠããã
ããã ã«ã€ããŠã®æè²ã¯æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãä¿å¥ãããä¿å¥äœè²ããšããç§ç®ã§è¡ãããŠããã
人éã®ããã ã¯æ§å¥ã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªã£ãåŸåãããããããåã³ã®æºãšãªã£ãŠããå Žåãããã°ãèè€ã®æºãšãªã£ãŠããå Žåããã(ãæ§ãã»ããžã§ã³ããŒãã®é
ãåç
§)ã
人éã¯è¡£é¡ããŸãšã身äœãé ãè£
ãåŸåããããåç²§ã«ãã£ãŠããã ãè£
ã人ãå€ããããã ã«æ¹å€ãå ããããšãã人ããã(èº«äœæ¹é )ãããã ãèžè¡ã®åªäœ(ãããšãŒã«)ãšããŠäœ¿ã人ããã(ããã£ã¢ãŒã)ãè¡£é¡ããŸãšããªãäœã¯ã裞ãã»ã裞äœããšåŒã°ããŠããããããã¯çŸä»£äººã«ãšã£ãŠã¯äœããã®æå³ãæã€ããã«ãªã£ãŠãã(ãããŒãã£ãºã ãã®é
ãåç
§)ã
æ»äº¡ããããšãã¯ã£ãããããã匷調ããå Žåã¯ãæ»äœããšåŒã³åºå¥ããããããéºäœããããªããããã»ã骞(ããã)ããšããéã«çããŠããããšãæç€ºããå Žåã¯ãçäœ(ãããã)ããšåŒã°ããããšããããæ¥æ¬ã«ã¯ã欧米諞åœãªã©ãšæ¯èŒãããšãå®¶æãªã©ã®éºäœã«ãã ããããã£ãŠããããããåãæ»ãããšããæåãæã£ãŠãããæ¬§ç±³ã§ã¯äžè¬çã«ã¯ãæ¥æ¬äººã»ã©ã«ã¯å®¶æã®éºäœã«ãã ãããæããªãã
äœã®äœçœ®ãå§¿å¢ã®ããšããäœäœ(ããã)ããšåŒã¶ããå»çã»çè·ã»ä»è·é åã§ã¯ç¹ã«é »ç¹ã«äœ¿ãããŠããã
çç©ã®çš®ã«ãã£ãŠå€çš®å€æ§ãªäœã®ç¹åŸŽããããã©ã®çš®ã«ãå
±éããäœã®æ§é ãšãããã®ã¯çç¡ã«çãããäŸãã°äººäœã¯é ãæãè¶³ãç®ã錻ãå£ãè³ã諞ã
ã®å
èãšãã£ãããŸããŸãªåšå®ãæã€ãããããã¯å
šãŠã®çç©ã«å
±éããããã§ã¯ãªãããã ãçæ®çŽ°èã¯æ®éã¯äœãšèšããªãããã®æå³ã§ã¯ãäœãšããèªã¯æ é€äœã«é¢ããçšèªã§ããã
åãçš®ã§ãäœãç°å¢ã«ãã£ãŠãäœã«å·®ç°ãã¿ãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%93
|
8,043 |
ã«ããŒ
|
ã«ããŒ(è±: Rubyã[ËruË.bi]ãçŽ
ç)ã¯ãã³ã©ã³ãã (éŒçãAl2O3)ã®å€çš®ã§ããã ãã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã«æ¬¡ã硬床ãæã¡ãèµ€è²ãç¹åŸŽçãªå®ç³ã§ãããèªæºã¯ã©ãã³èªã§ãèµ€ããæå³ãããã«ããŠã¹ã (rubeus) ã«ç±æ¥ããã7æã®èªçç³ãç³èšè㯠ãæ
ç±ã»ç±æ
ã»çŽæã»åæ°ã»èªç±ãã§ããã
倩ç¶ã«ããŒã¯ç£å°ãã¢ãžã¢ã«åã£ãŠããæ¬§ç±³ã§ã¯æ¡ããªãäžã«ãå®ç³ã«ã§ããçŸããç³ãæ¡ããç£å°ã¯æ¥µããŠéå®ãããŠããããŸã3ã«ã©ãããè¶
ãã倧ããªç³ã¯ç£åºéãå°ãªãããããã€ãŠã¯ãã¹ãŠã®å®ç³äžã§æã貎éãšããããã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã®ç 磚æ³ãçºèŠãããŠããããç«çæº¶èæ³ã«ãã人工åæã確ç«ãããŸã§ã¯ããã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã«æ¬¡ãå®ç³ãšããŠæ±ãããã
ãã£ã³ããŒãã¹ãªã©ã³ã«ãã¿ã€çåœããããã ãã«ã³ããžã¢ãã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ãããã¬ã¹ã«ã«ãã¢ã¶ã³ããŒã¯ãªã©ãåç£å°ã§ããã
äžã§ããã£ã³ããŒã§ã¯ãããžã§ã³ã»ãã©ããã(ããã®è¡)ãšåŒã°ããæé«çŽã®ã«ããŒãåŸãããããæ¿æ
äžå®ãããç£åºéã¯å°ãªã貎éã§ãããäž»ã«ã¿ã€ç£ã®ãéæåºŠãäœãéåãå«ãã§é»ããã§ãããã®ã¯ãããŒãã»ãã©ããã(ãŠã·ã®è¡)ãšåŒã°ããäŸ¡æ Œã¯ãã£ã³ããŒç£ã®ååã»ã©ã§ãããçºè²ãè¯ãããããã«å ç±ãªã©ã®äººå·¥åŠçããããããšãå€ãããŸããã¹ãªã©ã³ã«ããããã ãªã©ã§ç£åºãããããã³ã¯ã«è¿ãèµ€ã®ãã®ãããã§ãªãŒãã³ã¯ããšåŒã¶ããå®ç³ãšããŠã®äŸ¡å€ã¯äœãããã³ã¯ãµãã¡ã€ã¢ããšæ··åãããããšãããã
ä»ã«ããæåäžã«ã«ãã«ã®éç¶çµæ¶ãæ··ããããšã«ãããåå°å
ãæç¶ã«èŠãããã®ã¯ãã¹ã¿ãŒã«ããŒããšåŒã°ãçéãããŠãããããããã¹ã¿ãŒå¹æããšåŒã³ãã¹ã¿ãŒãµãã¡ã€ã¢ããããè²åœ©çã«ã¯èµ€ããå€ããããã€ã³ãç£ã®éææã®ãªãå°è±è²ã®ãµãã¡ã€ã¢ã«ã¹ã¿ãŒå¹æãçŸãããã®ããããã€ã³ãã¹ã¿ãŒã«ããŒããšåŒã°ããã
ã»ãšãã©ã®ã«ããŒã¯çæŠå²©ã倿岩ã倧çç³ãªã©ã®å²©ç³äžã«ååšãããé·ã幎æã®éã«ã«ããŒãå«ãã 岩ç³ã厩ããå·ã«æµããããã®ãç å©ãæ³¥ãšäžç·ã«å ç©ããŠããããšãå€ãã
çŸåšãæ¥æ¬ã®é奿žã§ã¯ãã£ã³ããŒç£ãšç¢ºå®ããäžã§ãäžå®ã®è²ããã©ãã°ãªäžçŽç©ã®èгãããªã æé«å質ã®ã«ããŒã§ã¯ãªããšãããžã§ã³ãã©ããããšèšèŒã§ããªããããšããšãããžã§ã³ãã©ãããèªäœããã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ç宀ããã£ã³ããŒç£ã«ããŒã«äžããè²åã§ãããããæ¥æ¬ã®é奿¥çã¯ãããå®ã£ãŠããã
ãããæµ·å€ã§ã®é奿žã§ã¯ç£å°ãäžåãšãããäžå®ä»¥äžã®æ¿ãèµ€ã§ããã°ãããžã§ã³ãã©ããããšèšèŒããããããæµ·å€ã®é奿žã§ãããžã§ã³ãã©ããããšèšèŒãããŠããå Žåã§ããç£å°ã¯ãã£ã³ããŒä»¥å€ã®ã«ããŒã§ããããšãå€ã
ããã®ã§ãå¿
ãé奿žã«æžãããŠããç£å°ã確èªããããšãå¿
èŠã§ããã
ã³ã©ã³ãã ã®äžã§èµ€è²ã瀺ããã®ãã«ããŒãšåŒã³ãéæãªãã®ããäžéæãªãã®ãŸã§ååšãããåœç¶ãéææãé«ããã€ã³ã¯ã«ãŒãžã§ã³ã®å°ãªãç©ãé«äŸ¡ã§ããã
ã³ã©ã³ãã ã¯äžçŽç©(éå±ã€ãªã³)ã®éãã§è²ãå€ãããäžçŽç©ãšããŠã¯ãã ã1%ã»ã©æ··å
¥ãããšãæ¿ãèµ€è²ã®ã«ããŒã«ãªããéã»ãã¿ã³ãæ··å
¥ãããšéè²ã®ãµãã¡ã€ã¢ãšãªããã¯ãã ã0.1%ããæ··ãã£ãŠããªãèãèµ€è²ã®ãã®ãããã³ã¯ãµãã¡ã€ã¢ããšåŒã¶(ã«ããŒã®çºè²æ©æ§ã¯è²çŽ ãåç
§)ããã®ã¯ãã ã®å«æå²å1%以å
ãšãã埮åŠãªãã©ã³ã¹ããèªç¶çã«ãããŠéåžžã«çšãªç¶æ³äžã§ããèµ·ãããªãããã倩ç¶ã«ããŒã貎éãšãããã®ã§ããããªããã¯ãã ãå¢ããã«ã€ãè²åãã¯æ¿ãèµ€ããé»ã£ãœããªãã䟡å€ãäžãã£ãŠãããããã«5%ãè¶
ãããšããšã¡ãªãŒãšããç°è²ã®å·¥æ¥çšç 磚å€ã«ãªãã䟡å€ã¯æ¿æžããã
äžã®åçã®ããã«ãã«ããŒã¯èµ€è²æåãäžåå«ãŸãªãç·è²å
æºäžã«ãããŠãèµ€ãå
ãããšãã§ãã(ã¬ãŒã¶ãŒã¯å®å
šãªåè²å
ã§ãã)ãããã¯ãã«ããŒäžã«0.1%å«ãŸããCrã玫ããã³é»ç·è²å
ãåžåãããã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãèµ€è²çºå
ãšããŠå床æŸåºããæ§è³ªã«ããã
é«ãç¡¬åºŠãšæååæ§(磚èãã«ããæ§è³ª)ãæããããã«éæ©æŠãå°ããããšãããã¬ã³ãŒãéãããã©ãã¯ããŒã«ã®ããŒã«åããè
æèšãšãã£ãå°åç²Ÿå¯æ©æ¢°ã®è»žåãªã©ã«å©çšããããé«ã³ã¹ãã®ããäž»ã«é«çŽæ©ã§æ¡çšãããã
ãŸãããã€ãŠã¯åæã«ããŒãåºäœã¬ãŒã¶ãŒçŽ åãã«ããŒã¬ãŒã¶ãŒããšããŠçšããããã
ã«ããŒã®æŽå²ã¯ãå€ä»£ã«ã¯éé
åšæä»£ã«ãŸã§é¡ããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã§ã¯ãã¢ã³ã¹ã©ãã¯ã¹ã(å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢èª: áŒÎœÎžÏαΟããç³çãã®æ)ãããŒãã§ã¯ãã«ã«ãã³ã¯ã«ã¹ã(ã©ãã³èª: carbunculus)ãšåŒã°ããŠããã
ã€ã³ãã§ãå€ãããã«ããŒããã£ãããã§ããã³ãã¥ãŒæã®èå
žããªã°ã»ãŽã§ãŒããã«ååãåºãŠããã
ã«ããŒã®åã䜿ããå§ããã®ã¯äžäžããã§ãããã11äžçŽã®ããªã¹ãæã®åžæã»ãã«ããã¥ã¹ãèããäžäžã®ä»£è¡šçãªé±ç©èªã§ãããç³ã«ã€ããŠãã§ã¯ããã€ã€ã¢ã³ãããµãã¡ã€ã¢ããšã¡ã©ã«ããªã©ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠèšè¿°ãå°ãªãã
ãŸããã¢ã©ãã¢ããã«ã·ã¢ã§ã¯ãã«ããŒã«ç
æ°ãæ²»ãåããããšä¿¡ããããŠãããã€ã³ãã§ãã«ããŒç²ãç§è¬ãšããŠçšããããããšãããã
ãšãŒãããå²äžæå€§ã®ã«ããŒãšããããã®ã¯ã1777幎ã«ãµã³ã¯ãããã«ãã«ã¯ã蚪ããã¹ãŠã§ãŒãã³çã°ã¹ã¿ã3äžãããã·ã¢ã®ãšã«ãã§ãªãŒã女åžã«èŽã£ãã«ããŒã§ãå°åã®é¶åµçšåºŠã®å€§ããã§å®å
šã«éæã§ãã£ãããã®ç³ã¯ãã·ã¢é©åœä»¥åã¯çåžã®å ã«é£ŸãããŠããããé©åœä»¥éã®è¡æ¹ã¯ããã£ãŠããªãã
ã«ããŒãšãµãã¡ã€ã¢ãåãæåã§ããããšãåãã£ãã®ã¯1783幎ã§ããã¡ã»ãã»ãªãŒã«(è±èªç)ãšãããã©ã³ã¹äººã«ããã
1902幎ããã©ã³ã¹ã®ååŠè
ã§ãããªãŒã®ã¥ã¹ãã»ãŽã£ã¯ãã«ã»ã«ã€ã»ãã«ããŒã€(è±èªç)ã«ããã忥çšã®å®ç³ãšããŠã¯åããŠäººå·¥åææ³ãéçºã»çºè¡šãããããã®åææ³ã¯ããã«ããŒã€æ³ããšåŒã°ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC
|
8,045 |
倩æºå€©ç
|
倩æºå€©ç(ãŠãããŠãã®ã 626å¹Žãæšå€å€©ç34幎ã- 672幎1æ7æ¥ã倩æºå€©ç10幎12æ3æ¥ã)ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®ç¬¬38代倩ç(åšäœ:668幎2æ20æ¥ã倩æºå€©ç7幎1æ3æ¥ã- 672幎1æ7æ¥ã倩æºå€©ç10幎12æ3æ¥ã)ã
諱ã¯èå(ãã¥ãã/ãã€ãã)ãäžè¬ã«ãäžå€§å
çå(ãªãã®ãããã®ããã / ãªãã®ãããã®ã¿ã)ãšããŠç¥ããããã倧å
ããšã¯ã忝å
åŒã®äžã®é·ç·ã«äžãããã倧çäœç¶æ¿è³æ Œã瀺ãç§°å·ã§ããäžå€§å
ãã¯ã2çªç®ã®å€§å
ããæå³ããèªã
ãŸãã661å¹Žã®ææå€©ç厩埡åŸã«å³æ¥äžå€§å
çåãç§°å¶ããããæŠãåããã«ãããªã£ãŠãããããæ¥æ¬æžçŽãã§ã¯è¶å¹Žç§°å
(è¶å¹Žæ¹å
ãšãèšã)幎代ã§ã®èšè¿°ãæ¡çšããŠãããããææå€©ç厩埡ã®ç¿å¹Ž(662幎)ã倩æºå€©çå
幎ã«çžåœãããäžè£éè¶³ãšå
±ã«å€§åã®æ¹æ°ãè¡ã£ãäºãªã©ã§ç¥ãããã
èæå€©çã®ç¬¬äºçåãæ¯ã¯ç極倩ç(éç¥ããŠææå€©ç)ãçåã¯ç°æ¯å
ã®å€äººå€§å
çåã®åšã®åå§«çããã ãçåãšã®éã«çå女ã¯ãªãã
645幎7æ10æ¥(çæ¥µå€©ç4幎6æ12æ¥)ãäžå€§å
çåã¯äžè£éè¶³ããšè¬ããçæ¥µå€©çã®åŸ¡åã§èæå
¥é¹¿ãææ®ºããã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒãèµ·ãã(ä¹å·³ã®å€)ãå
¥é¹¿ã®ç¶ã®èæèŠå€·ã¯ç¿æ¥èªå®³ãããæŽã«ãã®ç¿æ¥ãçæ¥µå€©çã®åæ¯åŒãå³äœãã(å埳倩ç)ãèªåã¯ç倪åãšãªãäžå¿äººç©ãšããŠæ§ã
ãªæ¹é©(倧åã®æ¹æ°)ãè¡ã£ãããŸããæéçåãªã©æåãªå¢åã«å¯ŸããŠã¯çš®ã
ã®ææ®µãçšããŠãäžæããã
çŸæžã660å¹Žã«æ»
ãŒããããããæå»·ã«æ»åšããŠããçŸæžçåã®æ¶äœè±çãéãè¿ããçŸæžææŽãææ®ããããã«ææå€©çãšå
±ã«ççŽ«ã®æåå®®ã«æ»åšãããã661幎8æ24æ¥(ææå€©ç7幎7æ24æ¥)ææå€©çã厩埡ããçŸæžåŸ©èãå³ã£ãŠ663幎ã«çœææ±ã®æŠããèµ·ãããææŠããã
ãã®åŸãé·ãéçäœã«å³ããç倪åã®ãŸãŸç§°å¶ãã(倩æºå€©çå
幎)ã663幎8æ28æ¥(倩æºå€©ç2幎7æ20æ¥)ã«çœææ±ã®æŠãã§å€§æãå«ããåŸãåã«é£åäœ¿ãæŽŸé£ããäžæ¹ã§ã667幎4æ17æ¥(倩æºå€©ç6幎3æ19æ¥)ã«è¿æ±å€§æŽ¥å®®(çŸåšã®å€§æŽ¥åž)ãžé·éœãã668幎2æ20æ¥(倩æºå€©ç7幎1æ3æ¥)ãããããå³äœããã668幎4æ10æ¥(倩æºå€©ç7幎2æ23æ¥)ã«ã¯ã忝åŒã®å€§æµ·äººçå(ã®ã¡ã®å€©æŠå€©ç)ãç倪åŒãšããããããã671幎1æ2æ¥(倩æºå€©ç9幎11æ16æ¥)ã«ç¬¬äžçåã®å€§åçå(ã®ã¡ã®åŒæå€©ç)ãå²äžåã®å€ªæ¿å€§è£ãšããã®ã¡ã671幎11æ23æ¥(倩æºå€©ç10幎10æ17æ¥)ã«å€§æµ·äººçåãç倪åŒãèŸéããã®ã§ä»£ããã«å€§åçåãç倪åãšããã
çœææ±ã®æŠã以åŸã¯ãåœåé²è¡ã®æ¿çã®äžç°ãšããŠæ°Žåãçœç«ã»é²äººãèšçœ®ããããŸããå äœããããŸã§ã®åä¹éããäºåå
éãžæ¡å€§ãããªã©ãè¡æ¿æ©æ§ã®æŽåãè¡ã£ãŠãããå³äœåŸ(670幎)ã«ã¯ãæ¥æ¬æå€ã®å
šåœçãªæžç±ãåºå幎ç±ããäœæããå
¬å°å
¬æ°å¶ãå°å
¥ãããããã®åå°ãç¯ããŠãã£ãã
äžå€§å
çåæä»£ã®660幎(ææå€©ç6幎)ã«æŒå»(ãããããæ°Žæèšã®ããš)ãäœãã671幎(倩æºå€©ç10幎)ã«ã¯å€§æŽ¥å®®ã®æ°å°ã«çœ®ããŠééŒãæã£ãŠæå ±ãéå§ãããšãããã671幎ã§ã®æ¥ä»(4æ25æ¥)ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã°ã¬ãŽãªãªæŠ (ãŠãªãŠã¹æŠã§ã¯ãªãããšã«æ³šæ)ã®6æ10æ¥ã¯æã®èšå¿µæ¥ãšããŠç¥ãããŠããã
669幎11æ13æ¥(倩æºå€©ç8幎10æ15æ¥)ãäžè£éè¶³ã亡ããªã忥ã«å
倧è£ã«ä»»ããè€åã®å§ãäžããã
671幎10æ(倩æºå€©ç10幎9æ)ãç
ã«åããããªããªãå¿«æ¹ã«åãããã10æã«ã¯éæ
ãšãªã£ããããåŒã®å€§æµ·äººçåã«åŸäºãèšãããšãããã倧海人çåã¯æèŸããŠåããå髪ããŠå§äŸ¶ãšãªããåéãžå»ã£ãã672幎1æ7æ¥(倩æºå€©ç10幎12æ3æ¥)ã倩æºå€©çã¯è¿æ±å€§æŽ¥å®®ã§åŽ©åŸ¡ããããšã®äºãããããã(ãæ¶æ¡ç¥èšãã§ã¯å€©æºå€©çã¯å±±äžã§è¡æ¹äžæã«ãªã£ããšèšãããŠããããããã«ã¯ååœã®å±±äžã§ã®åŽ©åŸ¡èª¬ã倩æŠå€©çåŽã«ããææ®ºèª¬ãªã©ããã)ãå®ç®46ã
倩æºå€©çã¯å€§åçåã®åŽè¿ãšããŠèæèµ€å
ã»äžè£éã»èææå®ã»å·šå¢æ¯çã»çŽå€§äººãéžãã§ããããããã¯æ¯åãã€æ¬¡æå€©çåè£ã®åŽè¿ã®æ°ãšããŠã¯ããªãå°ãªããããã¯ãä¹å·³ã®å€ä»¥æ¥ãäžè£éè¶³ãšå°æ°ã®ãã¬ã€ã³ã®ã¿ãéãããå°å¶çæš©åæ žããé§äœ¿ããŠ2人ã«ããå°å¶æ¯é
ãç¶ããçµæã倧åçåã®å¢ååºç€ãšããŠé Œã¿ã«ããããšãã§ããè©å±ãæ¿æžããŠããŸã£ãããã§ããã
倩æŠå
幎(672幎)6æ26æ¥ã«ã¯ã倧åçåã矀è£ã«æ¹éãè«®ã£ããšããããè¿æ±æå»·ã®æ§æããèããŠããã®çžæã¯å·Šå³ã®å€§è£ãš3人ã®åŸ¡å²å€§å€«ã®ã¿ã§ããããã®æã«ã¯æ¢ã«å€§åå代以æ¥ã®ãããããåè°äœã¯ãã®æ©èœãå®å
šã«åªå€±ããŠãããšèŠãããã
倩æºå€©çã¯ã倧åçåã«çäœãç¶ããããã£ããšããã(ãæ¥æ¬æžçŽã)ããããã倩æºå€©çã®åŽ©åŸ¡åŸã«èµ·ãã壬ç³ã®ä¹±ã«ãããŠå€§æµ·äººçåã倧åçåã«åã£ãŠå³äœããŠå€©æŠå€©çã«æãã以éã倩æŠç³»çµ±ã®å€©çã称埳倩çãŸã§ç¶ãã
称埳倩ç厩埡åŸã«ã倩æºå€©çã®å«ã®çœå£ç(å¿è²Žçåã®å)ãå³äœããŠå
ä»å€©çãèªçããã以éã¯å€©æºç³»çµ±ãç¶ãã
åŒã®å€§æµ·äººçåããé¡ç°çã奪ã£ãã®ã§èªåã®ç女4人ã倧海人çåã«å«ããããšèšãããŠããã
â»å¹Žã¯è¥¿æŠãææ¥ã¯åæŠã«ããã
ä»ã«ãè€åäžæ¯çã¯å€©æºå€©çã®èœè€ãšãã説ããèçŠå¯ºçžèµ·ãã倧é¡ããå
¬å¿è£ä»»ããå°ååèããªã©ã«èŠãããã
äžå€§å
çåãé·ãå³äœããªãã£ãããšã¯ã7äžçŽäžèã®æ¿æ²»å²ã«ãããè¬ã®äžã€ã§ãããããã«é¢ãã説ãããã€ãååšããã
æ¿æ²»å²ãšããæ§è³ªã»å²æã®å¶çŽãªã©ãããã蚌æã¯å°é£ã§ã¯ããããèå€åŠçææãšã®é£æºãªã©ãšãå«ããä»åŸã®ç ç©¶ã®é²å±ãåŸ
ãããã
倩æºã¯ãçæ¥µ4幎(645幎)ã®ä¹å·³ã®å€ã§èæèŠå€·ãšèæå
¥é¹¿ãã倧åå
幎(645幎)9æã«èæç°å£å·å ãã倧å5幎(649幎)3æã«èæåå±±ç°ç³å·éº»åãæ¿æ²»çã«ããããã¯ç©ççã«æ¹æ®ºãã説ãååšããŠããããèæå
¥é¹¿æ¹æ®ºã®éã«ã¯èæåå±±ç°ç³å·éº»åããèæåå±±ç°ç³å·éº»åæ¹æ®ºã®éã«ã¯èææ¥åããæéçåæ¹æ®ºã®éã«ã¯èæèµ€å
ãé Œãã倧å2幎(646幎)ã«æ±åœã«æŽŸé£ããåœåžãšããŠèææ°åæã6人ãä»»åœããæ©å¹Žã«ã¯å€§åçåã®è£äœåœ¹ãšããŠèæèµ€å
(巊倧è£)ãšèææå®(埡å²å€§å€«)ãéžã³ãèªèº«ã芪æã®ååŠã«èææ°ã®å¥³æ§ãéžãã§ããããã«ãèªèº«ã®å¢åã®å°ç€ãšããŠã倧å以åããã®äŒçµ±çãªéæã§ãã£ãèææ°ã®æš©åã«é ŒããããåŸãªãã£ããããã«ãããããããèæå®éº»åã«ãã£ãŠå€§æµ·äººçåãéããŠããŸã£ãŠããããšãããèææ°å
šäœãæš©åã«çµã¿èŸŒãããšã¯ã§ããªãã£ãããšããããã
å颚諡å·ã¯å€©åœéå¥å°(ããã¿ããšã²ãããããã®ã¿ããš / ããŸã€ã¿ããšããããã®ã¿ããš)ãæŒ¢é¢šè«¡å·ã§ãã倩æºå€©çã¯ã代ã
ã®å€©çã®æŒ¢é¢šè«¡å·ãšåæ§ã«ãå¥è¯æä»£ã«æ·¡æµ·äžè¹ãæ°é²ãããæ£®éŽå€ã¯ãåžè«¡èãã«ãããŠããã®å
žæ ã«ãéžåšæžãäžä¿è§£ããæ·®ååãäž»è¡èšããééåãè§£èç¯ãåè£ã«æããŠããã
éµ(ã¿ããã)ã¯ãå®®å
åºã«ãã京éœåºäº¬éœåžå±±ç§åºåŸ¡éµäžåŸ¡å»éçºã«ããå±±ç§éµ(ããŸããªã®ã¿ããã)ã«æ²»å®ãããŠãããå®®å
åºäžã®åœ¢åŒã¯äžåäžæ¹(å
«è§)ãéºè·¡åã¯ã埡å»éå€å¢³ãã
ãŸãçå±
ã§ã¯ãçéæ®¿(å®®äžäžæ®¿ã®1ã€)ã«ãããŠä»ã®æŽä»£å€©çã»çæãšãšãã«å€©çã®éãç¥ãããŠããã厩埡ã®å€©æºå€©ç10幎12æ3æ¥ã¯ã°ã¬ãŽãªãªæŠ672幎1æ10æ¥ã«çžåœããã®ã§ã1æ10æ¥ã«åŸ¡éµã§æ£èŸ°ç¥ãè¡ããã(1æ7æ¥ã¯ãŠãªãŠã¹æŠ)ã
äžèéã«4éŠã®æãäŒããäžèæäººã§ããããçŸäººäžéŠã§ãå¹³å®çæã®å€ªç¥ãšããŠæ¬æãæãããåé ã«ä»¥äžã®æãèŒããããŠããã
äžèéããã以äžã®äžéŠã倧åäžå±±ãè© ãã æãšããããŠããããåæã¯éŠå
·å±±ã§ãªãé«å±±ã§ããã倧åã®å€©éŠä¹
å±±ã§ã¯ãªããçç«ãè³æ¢šã¯å±±ã§ã¯ãªããªã©å€ãã®ç°è«ãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%99%BA%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87
|
8,046 |
çŽããŒã
|
çŽããŒã (ãã¿ããŒããè±: paper tape, punched tape)ã¯ã现ãäžå®å¹
ã®é·ãçŽã®ããšãäžè¬ã«è¯ã«å·»ãã€ããåœ¢ã§æäŸããçŽå·»ããŒããšããããäŸ¡æ Œãå®äŸ¡ã§ããã衚é¢ãžã®è£
食ãå¯èœã§ãããå·»ãã€ãã圢ã®ããã³ã³ãã¯ãã§ããããã©ã ãªã©ã«åä»ããŠæ©æ¢°çã«é§åããã°æéãšåæããåºåãåŸãããšãã§ããããã®ããšããåæã®èšé²åªäœ(é»ä¿¡æ©ãç£æ°ããŒãã®ããŒã¹ãšããŠã®ããŒãã¬ã³ãŒããŒ)ãšããŠã䜿çšãããã
ãéœåããŒãã(ããããããŒã)ããç©¿åããŒãã(ããããããŒã)ãšãåŒã°ããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®æ
å ±ãèšé²ããããã«äœ¿ãããçŽåªäœããã¬ãã¯ã¹çšã®éœåããŒãã¯ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ä»¥åãã䜿ããæåã®æ
å ±çšçŽãšããããŠããããã³ãã«ãŒã(çµ±èšæ©ã«ãŒã)ãªã©ãšãšãã«åæã®æ
å ±çšçŽã®äžçš®ãšããããããã«å€ãã¯ãã¢ãããŒã«ãªã©èªåæŒå¥æ¥œåšã§æ¥œèãèšé²ããããã«çšãããããã®ã«èµ·æºãæ±ããããšãåºæ¥ãã
èªåãã³ãæ©ã§ç©ŽããããŠãç©Žã®æç¡ã§0,1ã®ä¿¡å·ãèšé²ãããå
ã
ã¯é»å ±çšã§ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãããã®ã¿ãããªãã³ãŒãäœç³»ã®5åã®ãã®ããå§ãŸã£ãããåŸã
ã«æ¡åŒµãã6åã7åã1960幎代以éã®ãã€ã=ãªã¯ãããã®æä»£ã«ã¯8åãšãªã£ããåŸè¿°ããããã«å¹
ã®åºãããŒãã®äŸãããã
ãã¢ãããŒã«ãªã©ã¯å¹
ãåºãããå¹
ã®çãéœåããŒãã¯å€ãã¯1846幎ãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããŒã»ãã€ã³ãé»ä¿¡ã®èªåéä¿¡æ©ã§äœ¿ã£ãäŸãããããŸã1950幎代ã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã§ãå¹
ã®åºãããŒããããã1990幎代ååããããŸã§ã¯ããã³ã³åºã§ãžã§ããã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒ(çæ°èšæ°æ©)ã®åºåãšããŠã䜿çšãããŠããã
ã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯ã®å®å®åŸæè
ã®ãªããªã¹ã¯ (1964) ã«ã¯ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŸãã¯éä¿¡æè¡è
ãšæããã人ãæãããã¬ãªãŒããããããã®äººç©ã¯3è¡ã®åè§ã穎ã®ç©ºããçŽããŒããæã£ãŠããã
1970幎代ã®SFã¢ãã¡çã«æŒããŠã¯ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãäœåããŠããå Žé¢ã®ã¬ãžã§ãããšããŠãªãŒãã³ãªãŒã«ããŒã¿ã¬ã³ãŒããšå
±ã«ããæãããŠãããéœåããŒãã®ãããåããã®ãŸãŸèªã¿åã£ãŠçè§£ããã®ã¯ãçŽããŒããèšé²åªäœã«äœ¿ãããŠããæä»£ã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿æåž«ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯åœããåã®æèœã§ãã£ããããŒãã®ç©Žã®ç©ºãå
·åã¯äºé²æ³ã®é åºç«ãŠããããã®ã§ããã0 - 9ã®æ°åãè¥å¹²ã®å¶åŸ¡æåã¯å®¹æã«æ¶ããããæå
ã«ASCIIãJISãISOã®è©²åœããæåã³ãŒãã®äžèŠ§è¡šãæãã°éäžèªã¿åãäºã¯ã§ããã
ãã€ãŠã¯é§èåå±ã§ãäœ¿çšæžã¿ã®éœåããŒããååãšããŠå£²ãããŠããããã¹ãã€ãã£ãéã³ããªã©ã§æŽ»çšãããŠããã
çŽããŒãã¯ä»ã§ã¯ã»ãšãã©èšé²åªäœãšããŠäœ¿ãããŠãããæ°èŠã·ã¹ãã ãå
¥åºåã«çŽããŒããæ¡çšããããšã¯ãªããCNCæ©æ¢°ã¯æ¢åã®ããŒã¿ã掻çšããããã«çŽããŒãè£
çœ®ãæ¯èŒçé·ã䜿ãããŠãããããããæ¥éã«ä»ã®ææ®µã«åã£ãŠä»£ãããã€ã€ããã
ããŒã¿ã¯æå®ã®äœçœ®ã«ç©Žãããããªããã§è¡šããããæåã¯1åã«5穎ã§ããŒã¿ã衚ããŠããããåŸã«6穎ã7穎ã8穎ã®ãã®ãç»å Žãããåæã®é»æ°æ©æ¢°åŒèšç®æ©ã§ãã Harvard Mark I ã§ã¯ã1å24穎ã®çŽããŒãã䜿ã£ãŠãããããŒã¿ã衚ã穎ã®ã»ãã«ãååã§å¿
ãéããããŠããå°ããã®ç©Žããããã¹ããã±ããã®æ¯ã§çŽããŒããéãã®ã«äœ¿ãããŠãããåŸã«å
åŠèªåè£
眮ãã¿ã€ãã³ã°ãã«ã¹ãçæããã®ã«ã¹ããã±ããçšã®ç©Žã䜿ãããã«ãªã£ãã
æç« (ããã¹ã)ã®ç¬Šå·åã«ã¯ããã€ãã®æ¹æ³ããããæåæã®æåã³ãŒãã¯Baudotã§ããã®èµ·æºã¯19äžçŽã«é¡ããBaudotã¯5穎ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããããã®åŸã6ç©Žã®æåã³ãŒããšã㊠Teletypesetter (TTS)ãFieldataãFriden Flexowriter ã®æåã³ãŒãèŠæ Œãç»å ŽããåºãŸã£ãã1960幎代ã«å
¥ããšãç±³åœåœå®¶èŠæ ŒåäŒãããŒã¿åŠççšæ±çšã³ãŒããçå®ãããããžã§ã¯ããéå§ããASCIIãçãŸããããããæ¡çšãã7穎ã®çŽããŒãã䜿ã£ããã¬ã¿ã€ã端æ«ããã¬ã¿ã€ã瀟ãªã©ãçç£ããããã¬ãã¯ã¹ãªã©ã§ã¯Baudotã䜿ãç¶ããã
éœåããŒãã®åãã¯0.1mm(0.00394 ã€ã³ã)ã§ãããBaudotçšããŒãã®å¹
ã¯17.46mm(11/16ã€ã³ã)ãASCIIããã³6穎以äžçšããŒãã®å¹
ã¯25.4mm(1ã€ã³ã)ã§ããã穎ãšç©Žã®ééã¯ã©ã¡ãã®æ¹åã§ã2.54mm(0.1ã€ã³ã)ã§ãããããŒã¿çšã®ç©Žã®çŽåŸã¯1.83mm(0.072ã€ã³ã)ããã£ãŒãçšã®ç©Žã®çŽåŸã¯1.17mm(0.046ã€ã³ã)ã§ããããã®2çš®é¡ã®å¹
ã®çŽããŒãã¯2012幎çŸåšã販売ãããŠããã
éœåè£
眮ã¯ã»ãšãã©ãããŒãã«å®å
šã«ç©Žãéããããã®éçšã§å¿
ç¶çã«ãã£ã (chad) ãšåŒã°ãããã³ãå±ãåºãŠããŸãããã£ãã¯éåžžã«å°ããçŽçã§ããããã¬ã¿ã€ã端æ«ã®æ©æ¢°éšåã«å
¥ã蟌ãã ãããåé¡ãæ±ããŠããã
ãã®åé¡ãžã®å¯ŸåŠãšã㊠Chadless Printing Reperforator ãšããçŽããŒãéœåè£
眮ãç»å Žãããããã¯ãã¬ã¿ã€ãä¿¡å·ãåä¿¡ããŠãããçŽããŒãã«éœåãã€ã€ãåãçŽããŒãäžã«ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãå°åãããã®ã§ããããã®ãšãå®å
šã«ç©Žãéããã®ã§ã¯ãªããUå圢ã«åãç®ãå
¥ããã ãã«çããã®ã§ããã£ããçºçããªãããããåéœåããŒããŸãã¯ãã£ãã¬ã¹ããŒããšåŒã¶ã埩å·çµæãå°åãããŠããã®ã§ã穎ãèŠãŠè§£èªããå¿
èŠããªãããŸãããã³ãå±å
¥ããäžèŠãšãªãããã ããåéœååŸã®ããŒãã¯å·»ãããšãããšåãç®å士ãã²ã£ãããããšãããããã€ãå·»ãããšãã§ããªããšããæ¬ ç¹ãããããŸããåŸã«é«éãªå
åŠèªåè£
眮ãäž»æµã«ãªã£ãŠãããšãåéœåããŒãã¯èªã¿åãããšãã§ããªããšããåé¡ç¹ãåºãŠããããã以åã®æ©æ¢°åŒã®èªåè£
眮ã§ã¯ãã°ãã€ãã®éã§ç©Žã®æç¡ãå€å®ããŠãããåãç®ãå
¥ã£ãŠããã ãã§ãåé¡ãªãèªã¿åãããšãã§ããŠããã
çŽããŒãã¯ãã¬ã¿ã€ã端æ«çšã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžæ ŒçŽææ®µãšããŠäœ¿ãããŠããããªãã¬ãŒã¿ãã¿ã€ãããã¡ãã»ãŒãžã¯çŽããŒãã«æ ŒçŽããããã®çŽããŒãã䜿ã£ãŠåç·ã®æé«é床ã§ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãéä¿¡ããããã®ãããªãã¬ãŒã¿ã¯ããªãã©ã€ã³ãã§æ®éã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°é床ã§ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãæºåã§ããéä¿¡åã«ééããèšæ£ããããšãã§ãããçç·Žãããªãã¬ãŒã¿ã¯çæéãªã135WPM(ã¯ãŒãæ¯å)ã§ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã§ããã
éä¿¡é床ã¯75WPMã ã£ãããåžžã«ãã®é床ãç¶æã§ãããçŽããŒããåªä»ãããŠã¿ã€ãã³ã°ãšéä¿¡ãåé¢ããããšã§ãäžå®é床ã®éä¿¡ãå¯èœãšããŠãããäžè¬ã«1ã€ã®75WPMã®åç·ã«å¯ŸããŠã3人ããã以äžã®ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ããªãã©ã€ã³ã§äœæ¥ããŠããããŸããåä¿¡å±ã§åä¿¡ããã¡ãã»ãŒãžãçŽããŒãã«éœåãããã®ã§ãããã䜿ã£ãŠå¥ã®å±ã«äžç¶ããããšãã§ãããããã«ãããå€§èŠæš¡ãªã¹ãã¢ã¢ã³ããã©ã¯ãŒãåãããã¯ãŒã¯ã圢æãããŠããã
ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã¯æé«ã§æ¯ç§1000æåã®é床ã§çŽããŒããèªã¿åãããšãã§ããã
åæã®ããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®å€ãã¯ãæ¢åã®å€§éçç£ãããASCIIãã¬ã¿ã€ã端æ«ãäœäŸ¡æ Œã®å
¥åºåè£
眮ãšããŠæµçšãããäŸãã°ãæ¯ç§10æåã®ASCIIæåãåŠçã§ããASR-33ãªã©ã§ãããASR-33ã«ã¯çŽããŒãéœåè£
眮ãšçŽããŒãèªåè£
眮ãåãã£ãŠããããã®ãããããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã§ã¯äœäŸ¡æ Œã®èšé²åªäœãšããŠçŽããŒãããã䜿ãããããã«ãªã£ããåçšãœãããŠã§ã¢ãçŽããŒããåªäœãšããŠè²©å£²ãããããšãããèŠããããé«éãªå
åŠèªåè£
眮ããã䜿ãããã
ãã€ããªããŒã¿ãçŽããŒãã§è»¢éããéã«ã¯ãçŽããŒãã®éœåè£
眮ãèªåè£
眮ã®èª€ãçãæ¯èŒçé«ãããšãããäºé笊å·åææ³ãæ¡çšããããšãå€ãã£ããäŸãã° Intel HEX ãªã©ã®ç¬Šå·åæ¹åŒã§ "01011010" ãšãããã€ããªå€ã "5A" ãšãã2æåã«å€æããåæåãASCIIã§ç¬Šå·åããŠèšé²ããããã¬ãŒã ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ããã§ãã¯ãµã ãªã©ã®æ
å ±ã16é²ã®å€ãASCIIã§ç¬Šå·åãã圢ã§çµã¿èŸŒã¿ãèª€ãæ€åºã«äœ¿çšããããã®ãããªç¬Šå·åãæœããšãå¹çã¯å
ã®ãã€ããªã®35ãã40%ãšãªãã
1970幎代ãã1980幎代åãã«ãããŠãçŽããŒãã¯ãã¹ã¯ROMãæžãæãå¯èœãªEPROMã«ãã€ããªããŒã¿ã転éããã®ã«ãã䜿ãããããã®éã®ç¬Šå·åæ¹åŒã¯æ§ã
ãªãã®ãèæ¡ããããå
è¿°ã®ASCIIã§16é²ã笊å·åããæ¹åŒãROMã©ã€ã¿ããšã«ç°ãªãæ§ã
ãªç¬èªãã©ãŒãããã䜿ãããã
BNPF (Begin-Negative-Positive-Finish) ãšãã笊å·åæ¹åŒã¯ã1ãã€ã(8ããã)ã10æå(10ãã€ã)ã§è¡šããšããéåžžã«åé·ãªãã©ãŒããããæ¡çšããŠããããŸã1ãã€ãã®å
é ã衚ãæå"B"ã1ãã€ãå
ã®åãããã1ãªã"P"ã0ãªã"N"ãæåŸã«"F"ãããããASCIIã³ãŒãã§è¡šèšããŠããããã®10æåã®åãç©ºçœæåã1ã€ä»¥äžæãã§äžŠã¹ãŠãããåŸã£ãŠå¹çã¯9%以äžãšãªããASCIIã®"N"ãš"P"ã¯4ã€ã®ãããäœçœ®ã®ON/OFFãéã£ãŠãããããéœåè£
眮ã®èª€ããèšæ£ããããããããã"H"ãš"L"ã§è¡šãæ¹åŒã"0"ãš"1"ã§è¡šãæ¹åŒããã£ããããããã®å Žåã¯ASCIIã³ãŒãã®ãããã®ON/OFFã1ã«æããéããªãããã誀ãèšæ£ãé£ããã
NCRã¯1970幎ãããçŽããŒãã«èšé²ãããã£ãã·ã¥ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ãŒãéçºããããã®çŽããŒããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã«èªã¿èŸŒãŸããŠå£²ãäžããªã©ãèšç®ããã
æ°èæ¥çã§ã¯1970幎代äžãã以éãŸã§éœåããŒãã䜿ã£ãŠããããã®ããã®æ°èã¯ã©ã€ãã¿ã€ãã䜿ã£ãŠçŽé¢ãäœã£ãŠããããã®ãšããã©ã€ãã¿ã€ãã®ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ãèšäºãæã¡èŸŒãã®ã§ã¯ãªããéœåããŒãã«èšé²ãããèšäºãèªã¿èŸŒãŸããŠãããèšäºãçŽããŒãã«æ ŒçŽããã«ã¯ Friden Flexowriter ãªã©ã䜿çšããŠãããã©ã€ãã¿ã€ãããåæã®ãªãã»ããå°å·ã«ãªã£ãŠããèšäºããçäžãäœãã®ã«çŽããŒãã䜿ãããŠããææãããã
1970幎代ãCAM(ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿æ¯æŽè£œé )è£
眮ã¯çŽããŒãã䜿çšãããã®ãå€ãã£ããäŸãã°ãã¯ã€ã€ã©ããã³ã°ãã·ã³ã§ã¯çŽããŒããéèŠãªèšé²åªäœã ã£ããçŽããŒãèªåè£
眮ã¯ãã³ãã«ãŒããç£æ°ããŒãã®èªåè£
眮ããå°åã§å®äŸ¡ã ã£ãããããã£ãè£
眮ã§é·æéäœåºŠã䜿ããéœåããŒããšããŠãã€ã©ãŒãã£ã«ã ã䜿ã£ãããŒããçºæãããã
1917幎ã«çºæãããããŒãã æå·ã§ã¯ãçŽããŒãããã䜿çšããã1960幎代以éãã¢ã¡ãªã«åœå®¶å®å
šä¿éå± (NSA) ã¯æå·ã®éµãéœåããŒãã®åœ¢ã§é
åžããŠããã8穎ã®çŽããŒããå³å¯ãªç®¡çäžã§é
åžããæºåž¯åã®KOI-18ãªã©ã®ããã€ã¹ãæ°ããªéµãå¿
èŠãšããŠããã»ãã¥ãªãã£è£
眮ã«äžæçã«æ¥ç¶ããçŽããŒããèªã¿åãããŠéµãå
¥åãããä»ã§ã¯NSAã¯ããå®å
šãªé»åéµç®¡çã·ã¹ãã ãæ¡çšããããçŽããŒããæªã ã«äœ¿ãããŠããã
çŽããŒãã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®3ã€ã®å€§ããªåé¡ããã£ãã
äžæ¹ãçŽããŒãã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªå©ç¹ãããã
å
è£
ã食ãä»ãããŸãããç(å²ãç)ã®äžèº«ã«è²Œãä»ãããããããããã®çšéã§ã¯æ§ã
ãªè²ãæš¡æ§ã®ãã®ãçšãããããå°åã®ãã®ã¯ã¯ã©ãã«ãŒã®äžã«ãå«ãŸããã
å·»ãããç¶æ
ã®çŽããŒãã®ç«¯ãæã£ãŠå¢ãããæãããšãé·ã䌞ã³ãããŒããå®ãèããè²é®®ããã«èŠããããšãã§ããã(åžè²©ãããçŽããŒãã¯ç¡¬è³ªã®è¯ãå
¥ã£ãŠãããããéããšãªãé ããŸã§é£ã°ãããšãã§ããã)æåæã«ã¯ãããããçŽããŒãæãããšç§°ããå¿æŽãªã©ã®æŒåºã«çãã«çšããããã
æåæã®è¹ã®åºæž¯ã®èŠéãã®éããããã®ä¹å®¢ã岞å£ã®èŠéã客ã«åãã£ãŠçŽããŒãæããè¡ããæå¥ã衚çŸããããšããã£ããé§
ã®ããŒã ã§ã®èŠéãã®éã«ãè¡ãããããšããã£ãããè»äž¡ã®åºäžæ©åšãé»ååºéã®é§
ã«ãã£ãŠã¯æ¶ç·ã«ã絡ã¿ã€ããããããããããééäºæ¥è
ã®åŽããçŠæ¢ãããããã«ãªã£ãã
æåæã®ææã®ã³ã³ãµãŒããããã¬ã¹ã®è©Šåã®éã«ãçŽããŒãæãã¯çãã«è¡ããã芳客ã¯ã¹ããŒãžããªã³ã°ã«åãã£ãŠçŽããŒãæããè¡ãããšã«ãããå¿æŽã®æã衚çŸãããçŽããŒãã§åãå°œããããã¹ããŒãžã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒèžèœäººã®ã¢ã€ã³ã³ã§ããã£ãããèžèœäººã¯å€§éã«é£æ¥ããããŒãã®è¯ãå·§ã¿ã«åé¿ããªããã°ãªããªãã£ãã 1973幎ã«ã¯ãã€ãã³ãã«åºåžããŠããç±çŽãããã®é¡ã«ããŒãã®è¯ããããã®ãåœããã5éçž«ãã±ã¬ãããäºäŸããã£ããããããäºæ
ãé²ããããäž»å¬è
ããããŒããæããéã«ã¯ããããããè¯ãå€ãããæç€ºãåºãå Žåãããã
ããã¬ã¹ã«ãããŠã¯åéžæã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžã«åãããçŽããŒããæããã®ãäžè¬çã§ãããäŸãšããŠæŸæ¬æµ©ä»£ã®å Žåã¯åºèº«å°ã®ç¥å¥å·çå¹³å¡åžãèµ°ãJRæ±æµ·éç·ã®è²ã«ã¡ãªãã æ¹åé»è»ã«ã©ãŒã䜿ããããäœãæ°æ¥æ¬ããã¬ã¹ãªã©äžéšå£äœã®äž»å¬èè¡ãæ¿æ©ã°ãªãŒã³ããŒã«ãã¬ãã¹ã«æŠé通ãªã©äžéšã®äŒå Žåã³ããã«ãã€ã€ã«ããã¹ããããªã©äžéšç¹æ®ãªè©Šå圢åŒã§ã¯ãçŽããŒãã®æãå
¥ããå
šé¢çã«çŠæ¢ããŠããã±ãŒã¹ãããããŸã2011幎3æ11æ¥ã®æ±åå°æ¹å€ªå¹³æŽæ²å°é(æ±æ¥æ¬å€§éçœ)çºçã«äŒŽãçæäŸçµŠäºæ
æªåãèæ
®ããããã¬ã¹ãªã³ã°WAVEã§ãçŽããŒãã®æãå
¥ããäžæçã«èŠå¶ããã2020幎以éã¯æ°åã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹æææ¡å€§é²æ¢ã®ããã»ãšãã©ã®ããã¬ã¹å£äœã§çŽããŒãæãå
¥ãçŠæ¢ã«ããŠããã
ã¹ããŒãžãåãå°œãã絡ã¿ã€ããçŽããŒãã¯ç§»åã®åŠšãã«ãªãäžãããŒãã®æ€å»äœæ¥ã®æéã«å ããŠå€§éã®ãã¿ãçã¿åºããããå¹³ææã¯çŽããŒãæããå¿é¿ãããåŸåã«ããã
è±èªã§ã¯ãã®çšéã®çŽããŒãã "paper tape" ã§ã¯ãªã "paper streamer" ãšåŒã¶ã
é»åéšåãªã©ã®åºæ¿çšéšåãåä»ããå®è£
æ©ã«éšåãäŸçµŠããããã«äœ¿çšãããã
段ããŒã«ãªã©ã®æ¢±å
çšãšããŠçé¢ã«ç³ããããã¯ç²çæãå¡ã£ããã®ã¯äžè¬ã«ã¬ã ããŒããšåŒã°ããã
ãã®ä»ãååŠå®éšã«çšããããèšé²ã¿ã€ããŒã§èšé²ããšãéã«ã䜿çšãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97
|
8,047 |
æ±èé«ééé
|
æ±èé«éééæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ(ãšããããããããŠã€ã©ã)ã¯ãåèçå
ã§ç¬¬äžã»ã¯ã¿ãŒééã§ããæ±èé«éç·ãéå¶ããŠããééäºæ¥è
ãæ¬ç€Ÿãšè»äž¡åºå°(å
«å代ç·ãäžè»äž¡åºå°)ã¯åèçå
«å代åžã«æåšããã
äº¬ææ¬ç·ã®æ··éè§£æ¶è·¯ç·ãšããŠãåžéœé«é床亀éå¶å£(å¶å£å°äžéãçŸã»æ±äº¬å°äžéãæ±äº¬ã¡ããã)ãèªç€Ÿç·ã§ããæ±è¥¿ç·ã®å»¶äŒžåºéãšããŠèšç»ãããå¶å£åç°å°ç·ã(仮称)ã建èšãéè¡ããããã«ãåèçã»è¹æ©åžã»å
«å代åžã®æ²¿ç·èªæ²»äœãšãå¶å£å°äžéã»äº¬æé»éã»æ±æŠééã»æ°äº¬æé»éã®ééäºæ¥è
ãããã³éèæ©é¢ãåºè³ããŠèšç«ããã第äžã»ã¯ã¿ãŒééã§ããã
æ±èé«éééã®ç€ŸçŽ(ã·ã³ãã«ããŒã¯)ã¯ãæ±èé«éééã®é æåãTãããæªæ¥ããææ¥ããåžæãã«åãã£ãŠçŸœã°ããé³¥ã®ç¿Œãã€ã¡ãŒãžãããã®ã§ããã
1972幎(æå47幎)3æã®çç³ç¬¬15å·ã«ãããŠãéœåžèšç»ç¬¬5å·ç·(æ±è¥¿ç·)ããè¥¿è¹æ© - æ°è¹æ©ä»è¿ - é£¯å±±æº - åç¿å¿é - å
«å代åžäžå€®éš - åç°å°ãçµç¹ãšããè·¯ç·ã«æ¹ãããããå¶å£å°äžéã¯1974幎(æå49幎)3æ22æ¥ã第5å·ç·ãå¶å£åç°å°ç·ãè¥¿è¹æ© - åç°å°é(16.2 km)ã®å»¶äŒžãæ£åŒã«æ±ºå®ãå幎3æ30æ¥ã«è·¯ç·å
èš±ãç³è«ãããå¶å£å°äžéã®èšç»ã§ã¯1976幎(æå51幎)9æ20æ¥ã«å»ºèšå·¥äºã«çæãã1979幎(æå54幎)10æã®éæ¥ãäºå®ã建èšè²»çšã¯955ååãèŠèŸŒãã ãæ±è¥¿ç·(è¥¿è¹æ©ä»¥è¥¿)ãšã¯çŽéé転ãè¡ããéäžã®åç¿å¿éé§
ã®ã¿åè»ããå¿«éåè»ã®é転ãäºå®ããŠããã
å¶å£å°äžéãšããŠã¯ã第7å·ç·(ååç·)ã第13å·ç·(å¯éœå¿ç·)ã®å»ºèšã®å¿
èŠæ§ããã£ãããåœæã®æ±äº¬åšèŸºã§æã人å£ã®å¢å ãæ¿ããã£ãè¹æ©åžãå
«å代åžãªã©ãåèçãšãšãã«1973幎(æå48幎)5æã«ãå¶å£å°äžéæ±è¥¿ç·å»ºèšä¿é²åè°äŒããçµæãããå¶å£åç°å°ç·ãã®å»ºèšé³æ
ãå¶å£å°äžéãžç¹°ãè¿ããããšããã建èšã決å®ãããã®ã§ããããããã建èšã«åããæç¶ããé²ããã«ããããç¹ã«æ²¿ç·ã§ç«¶åé¢ä¿ãšãªã京æé»éããæ»æŽ»åé¡ã§ãããšããŠå察ãããããŸãå¶å£å°äžéã®æ
åœåºå(åžéœé«é床亀éå¶å£æ³ç¬¬1æ¡ãå¶å£å°äžéãæ±äº¬éœãåºãåã¹ã«åºååå
¶ãéè¿ãæŒã±ã«äº€éæ©é¢ã)ã倧ããå€ãããšã®æèŠããããè·¯ç·å
èš±ååŸã¯é£èªããã
京æé»éã¯ãªã€ã«ã·ã§ãã¯ã®åœ±é¿ã«ããäžåç£æè³ã»å°åéçºåéã§å€§å¹
ãªæå€±ãèšäžããããšããæ°æ±äº¬åœé空枯(çŸã»æç°åœé空枯)ã®é枯ã®é
ãã«ããæ¥çžŸãæªåãããããšã«èæ
®ããŠãåœæã®é茞çãäžæçã«èšç»ãåçµããã
1980幎(æå55幎)7æ19æ¥ãé茞çã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªæçµèª¿æŽæ¡ããŸãšããå°å
ã«æç€ºãäºæ¿ãæ±ããã
æçµçã«ããã®æ¡ãåºæ¬ãšããŠ1981幎(æå56幎)9æ1æ¥ã«æ±èé«éééãèšç«ãããå瀟ãåç°å°ç·ã®å»ºèšã»çµå¶ãè¡ãããšã決å®ããã
ãããŠãæ±èé«éééãå°æ¹ééæ·èšå
èš±ãç³è«ãããããå¶å£å°äžéã¯1982幎(æå57幎)2æ15æ¥ã«åç°å°ç·ã®è·¯ç·å
èš±ç³è«ãåãäžããå幎3æ19æ¥ã«æ±èé«éééã«å°æ¹ééæ·èšå
èš±ã亀ä»ããããè·¯ç·ã¯æ¬ç·éšåã«ã€ããŠæ¥æ¬éé建èšå
¬å£(åœæ)ãæ°éç·æ¹åŒ(Pç·æ¹åŒ)ã§å»ºèšãè¡ãã宿åŸã«å
¬å£ããæ±èé«éééãžæœèšãè²ãåããå¶æ¥ãè¡ãããšãšããããèšç»æç¹ã§ã¯ãæ±æµ·ç¥ã飯山æºãåç¿å¿éã西å
«å代(âå
«å代ç·ãäž)ãå
«å代(âå
«å代äžå€®)ãåç°å°(âæ±èåç°å°)ã®6é§
ãèšçœ®ããæ¹éãšããã
1984幎(æå59幎)ãã建èšå·¥äºã«çæãã第1æåºéãšãªãè¥¿è¹æ© - å
«å代(âå
«å代äžå€®)éã¯1991幎(å¹³æ3幎)4æã«éæ¥ã第2æåºéãšãªãå
«å代(âå
«å代äžå€®) - åç°å°(âæ±èåç°å°)éã¯1993幎(å¹³æ5幎)4æã®éæ¥ãäºå®ããè»äž¡è²»ãå«ãã建èšè²»çšã¯2,091åå(1 km ãããçŽ129åå)ãäºå®ããŠããã
åœæãå°å
ã¯å¶å£çµå¶ã«ããå»¶é·ã䞻匵ããŠããããçµå±ã¯ç¬¬äžã»ã¯ã¿ãŒæ¹åŒã§å»ºèšãããããšãšãªã£ãããã®åæ¡ã¯1965幎é ã«æ¬å
«å¹¡é§
- è¹æ©åžè¡ç°å£å° - ç¿å¿éé§
- å
«å代åžè±ç°éãäºå®çµè·¯ãšããŠè¡ãããå°äžé10å·ç·(çŸã»éœå¶å°äžéæ°å®¿ç·)ã®åèçå
å»¶é·èª¿æ»ãå
ãšãªã£ãŠããããªããèšç»åçµäžã®éè¡æ¡ãšããŠã京æé»éã®ç絡路ç·ãšããèšç»ããã£ãããå瀟ããããæåŠããããå®çŸããªãã£ãã
建èšã«ããã£ãŠé¢ä¿å°æš©è
çŽ700åãæ¯é建ç©çŽ180æžã§ãã£ãããåœåããå°æš©è
ã®æµæããã£ãŠçšå°è²·åã¯é£èªãããåœæãæç°ç©ºæž¯åé¡ã®åœ±é¿ããåèçã®åçšå§å¡äŒãæ©èœããŠããããåå°åçšãè¡ããªãã£ãããšãæè»ãããã(2001幎ã®è¡è°é¢åœå亀éå§å¡äŒã§ãå±±ç°æ£åœŠããäžäººãå察ããã ãã§äžå¹Žéå»¶ã³ãããšããŠãã)ãäžäŸãšããŠ1人ã®å°æš©è
ã«300åãã®çšå°äº€æžãè¡ã£ãããšããããæçµçã«çšå°äº€æžãå®äºããã®ã¯1994幎(å¹³æ6幎)6ææ«ã§ãã£ãã
ããã«ãææãå·¥äºã«ãããã³ãã«é¥æ²¡äºæ
ã«ããå·¥æã®é
ããšä¿®ç¹å·¥äºè²»çšããããã«æã®åå°é«éš°ãè³æé«éš°ã®ããããåããŠå»ºèšè²»ãåœåäºå®ãã¯ããã«äžåãçµæãšãªã£ã ãè¿å¹Žã®å¶æ¥åæ¯ã¯é»åã§æšç§»ããŠãããããã®å¶æ¥å©çãåŸãããçŸéé éã§ã¯å»ºèšæã®å
éã¯å
ããåµåã®å©æãã«ãè¶³ãããçµåžžåæ¯ã¯èµ€åã§ãããè² åµé¡ã¯å¹Žã
å¢å ããŠããææããã£ãããã®åŸåšèŸºèªæ²»äœãªã©ã®æ¯æŽã®çµæãããçµåžžåæ¯ãçŽå©çã¯é»ååãã2020幎代ã«å
¥ãæ°å¹Žå
ã«åµåè¶
éã®è§£æ¶ã®èŠèŸŒã¿ãçµã€ã»ã©çµå¶ç¶æ
ã¯ææªã®ç¶æ
ããæ¹åãã€ã€ãããããã建èšã«é¢ããé·æåµåã«ã€ããŠå
éãšå©æããåœè©²å¹ŽåºŠã®åå
¥ã»å©çã§è³ãããšã¯åºæ¥ãŠããããéå»ã®åšèŸºèªæ²»äœçã®çµå¶æ¯æŽã§åŸã远å åºè³ã«ããåŸãçŸéé éãåã厩ããŠãããCOVID-19æµè¡ã®åœ±é¿ããã£ãŠ2020幎代ã«é転è³éãæ¯æžããå±éºãèŠèŸŒãŸã(åœåã¯2030幎代ãšäºæž¬ãããŠãã)ãçµå¶å±æ©ç¶æ
ã¯è±ããŠããªãããã®ãããæ±æ¥æ¬æ
客éé(JRæ±æ¥æ¬)ã®é»è»ç¹å®åºééè³ã®çŽ2.5åãšãªãé«é¡ãªéè³äœç³»ãšãªã£ãŠãã(ãéè³ãã®ç¯ãåç
§)ããã®æ±èé«éééã®çµéšããåŸã®æ§ã
ãªå©æå¶åºŠã®æŽåãã€ãã°ãšã¯ã¹ãã¬ã¹ã®æåã«ã€ãªãã£ããšèšãããŠããã
æ±èé«éééç·ã®å»ºèšè²»çšã¯ãåœåèšç»ã®2,091åå(åè¿°)ããå
¬å£Pç·å·¥äºå»ºèšåºéã§2,948åå(æçµçãªç·é¡)ã«èšããã ãããã¯éæ¥æã«è²æž¡ãåããæ¬ç·éšåã2,813ååã鿥1幎åŸã«äº¬æãšã®é£çµ¡éè·¯éšåã136ååã§ãããå
¬å£Pç·æ¹åŒå¶åºŠã®ããšã§éå©ã¯æå€§5%ã«éå®ããããã25幎éã®å©åé¡ãå«ããè¿æžç·é¡ã¯4,960ååã«ããªãããã ããæ±èé«éééãžã®çµå¶æ¯æŽçã«ãã£ãŠçŸåšã®è¿æžæéã¯60幎ãŸã§å»¶é·ããŠããã
2006幎3ææ«çŸåšã®ããŒã¿ã§å
šåœã®ç¬¬äžã»ã¯ã¿ãŒééã®äžã§ãã£ãšãåµåè¶
éé¡ãå€ããªã£ãŠããã2008幎3æææ±ºç®ã§ã¯ã売äžé«ã¯çŽ152å5000äžåãå¶æ¥æçã¯çŽ47å4000äžåã®é»åã§ããããçŽ5ååã®çµåžžæçã®èµ€åãããã环ç©èµ€åã¯çŽ846å8000äžåã«ãªã£ãŠããããã®åŸããã°ããã売äžé«ã150åå匷ã§å¶æ¥æçã¯é»åã§ãããçµåžžæçã»çŽæçãèµ€åããšããç¶æ³ãç¶ãããã2011幎3ææ(2010幎床)決ç®ã«ãŠãæ¯æå©æ¯ã®äœæžãªã©ã«ãã鿥以æ¥åããŠçµåžžæçã»çŽæçãé»åã«è»¢ãã ããã®äžæ¹ã§ã环ç©èµ€åé¡ã«ã€ããŠã¯äžæå¢å ã«è»¢ããŠããããšãããã2013幎3æææ±ºç®ã§ã¯çŽ833å5723äžåãšæ¹åã¯å
ãã«ãšã©ãŸã£ãŠããããè¿å¹Žã¯æ²¿ç·ã®äœå®
éçºã®é²å±ã«äŒŽãä¹å®¢å¢å ã®åœ±é¿ã§ã2021幎3æææ±ºç®ã§ã¯675å1555äž8000åãŸã§æžå°ããŠããã
2007幎(å¹³æ19幎)åé ãŸã§ãäº¬ææ¬ç·ãšã®ä¹ãæãã§æç°åœé空枯ãŸã§æ©ãçãããšãã»ãŒã«ã¹ãã€ã³ããšããŠãå³ãªè¿éããšãããã£ããã³ããŒã§PRããŠãããéçºã«ããæ²¿ç·å°åã®ãããã¿ãŠã³åãé²ãã ããšããããåçã¯æ¹åãé²ãåŸåã«ããã
çŸåšã§ã¯æ
客以å€ã®åå
¥ã«ãåãå
¥ããŠãããé§
æœèš(ããŒã ãæ¹æå£ãªã©)ãå©çšããŠããã©ããã¯ãããšãããã¬ãçªçµãCMã®ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³æ®åœ±ããã³ãã³è¡ãããŠããããã©ãæ®åœ±ã¯ãMã®æ²åãããã¯ããµã®ããããããšã ã¹ã¡ã®7æ¥éãããçå¥çãªåœŒå¥³ãããæé«ã®äººçã®çµãæ¹ããšã³ãã£ã³ã°ãã©ã³ããŒãããªã©TBSç³»åãå€ãããæ¥æ¬ãã¬ãç³»åã®ãæªå€¢ã¡ããããããžãã¬ãç³»åã®ããããµããå¥è·¡ããããªãŒã¬ã«ã»ãã€ãããGTOã(é¢è¥¿ãã¬ãå¶äœã2012幎)ããã¬ãææ¥ç³»åã®ãçžæ£ãã§ã䜿çšãããããšããããCMã§ã¯ãããŸã§ã«ãã€ã¯ã«ãã®å¥åº·é£²æããã¬ãã£ãªããæ¶è²»è
éèã®ã¢ã³ã ãäžäºäœåæµ·äžã°ã«ãŒããä¹³é
žè飲æã«ã«ãã¹ãªã©ã®æ®åœ±ã«äœ¿ãããŠããã
åœåã¯æ°é è»äž¡ãå°å
¥ããããšãèšç»ããŠãããã鿥ã«äŒŽã建èšè²»çšãåæžãããããäºå®ããŠããè»äž¡åºå°ã®æŽåå·¥å Žãšè»èŒªè»¢åç€æœèšã®å»ºèšèŠéããè»äž¡ã¯å¶å£å°äžéæ±è¥¿ç·(åœæ)ã®05ç³»æ°é ã«äŒŽã£ãŠãäœå°ãšãªã£ã5000ç³»ãæ¹é ããŠå°å
¥ãããå¶å£å°äžé5000ç³»ã¯å¶åŸ¡è£
çœ®ã®æŽæ°(æµæå¶åŸ¡âçç£æ·»å å±ç£å¶åŸ¡)ãå·æ¿è£
眮ã®åãä»ããè»å
ã®æŽæ°å·¥äºãªã©ãè¡ããæ±èé«ééé1000圢ãšãªã£ã(çŸåšã¯æ°é è»ã®2000ç³»ã«çœ®ãæããããŠãã)ã
ä¿å®è²»çšã®äœæžãå³ããããè»äž¡ã®éèŠé𿀿»ã»å
šè¬æ€æ»ããã³è»èŒªåæ£ãªã©ã¯å¶å£å°äžé(âæ±äº¬å°äžé)ã«æ¥åãå§èšããŠããã
倧人æ®éæ
客éè³(å°å
åé¡ã»ICã«ãŒãã®å Žåã¯1åæªæºåãæšãŠãå笊賌å
¥ã®å Žåã¯10åæªæºåãäžã)ã2019幎10æ1æ¥æ¹å®ã
宿åžã®å²åŒçã¯éå€30.8%ã»éåŠ55.6%(2014幎4æçŸåš)ã§ãæ®ééè³ããå²å®ã«ãªãã®ã¯éå€å®æã§æ21åŸåŸ©ãéåŠå®æã§æ14åŸåŸ©ä»¥äžã®å Žåã§ããã6ãæå®æã§ã¯å²åŒçã¯éå€å®æ37%ã§ãæ19åŸåŸ©ä»¥äžã§å²å®ã«ãªãã2014幎4æããéåŠå®æã¯éå€ã®åé¡ã«å€äžããããŠããã
åæ°åžã¯åºéåŒã§ããæ®éåæ°åžãã¯11æç¶ŽãããæŒéã»åäŒæ¥å²åŒåæ°åžãã¯13æç¶Žãã§çºå£²ããŠããã
ããããè¥¿è¹æ©é§
ãšæœèšæå¯é§
ã§ã¯çºå£²ããŠããªãã
2007幎10æ2æ¥ãã11æ4æ¥ãŸã§ãåèçè¹æ©åžã®ãµãªã°ãã¢ã³ãã«ã»ã³å
¬åã§ã第24åå
šåœéœåžç·åãµãªã°ããã§ã¢ ããšãã®åœã®è±ãã§ã¹ã¿inãµãªã°ãããéå¬ããããããã«äœµããŠã以äžã®åãçµã¿ãè¡ã£ãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%91%89%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E9%89%84%E9%81%93
|
8,048 |
äžã
|
äžã(ã®ãŒã)
察矩èªã¯äžã(ãã ã)ã
| true | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E3%82%8A
|
8,050 |
çŽäº€
|
åç幟äœåŠã«ãããçŽäº€(ã¡ãã£ãããè±: orthogonal)ã¯ããåçŽã«äº€ãããããšãããªãã¡ãŠãŒã¯ãªãã空éå
ã®äº€ããäºã€ã®çŽç·ãå¹³é¢ã®ãªãè§ãçŽè§ã§ããããšãæå³ããã
ãã®ããšã¯ãçŽç·ãšæ²ç·ãŸãã¯æ²ç·å士ããããã¯å¹³é¢ãšæ²é¢ãŸãã¯æ²é¢å士ããããã¯æ²ç·ãšæ²é¢ãªã©ã®å Žåã«ãã亀ç¹ã«ãããŠæ²ç·ã®æ¥ç·(ãŸãã¯æ³ç·)ãããã¯æ²é¢ã®æ¥å¹³é¢(ãŸãã¯æ³ç·)ãªã©ãèããããšã«ããæ¡åŒµã§ãããããªãã¡æ¥ç·å士(ãŸãã¯æ³ç·å士)ã®çŽäº€ã以ã£ãŠäºã€ã®æ²ç·ã®çŽäº€ãå®çŸ©ããã®ã§ãããæ³šæãã¹ãããšãšããŠãããã察象ã®çŽäº€æ§ããã¯ãã«ã«ãã£ãŠå®ãããªãã°ã(ãã¯ãã«ã¯å¹³è¡ç§»åäžå€ã§ãããã)çŽäº€ãããããã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã¯å¿
ãããã亀ãããªããããŸãéæšæºçãªå
ç©ã«é¢ããçŽäº€æ§ãèãããªãã°ãçŽäº€ãããµãã€ã®ãã¯ãã«ã¯å¿
ãããçŽè§ãæããªãã
è§£æåŠãç·å代æ°åŠã«å±ããååéãå«ããçŽäº€æ§ã®æŠå¿µã¯æ°åŠã«ãããŠåºç¯ã«äžè¬åããŠçšããããã
è¡èª orthogonal ã¯ãçŽç«ããæå³ããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢èª: áœÏΞÏÏ ãšãè§åºŠããæå³ããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢èª: γÏΜία ã«ç±æ¥ãããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢èªã® áœÏΞογÏΜιοΜ ããã³å€å
žã©ãã³èªã® orthogonium ã¯ããšããšã¯ç©åœ¢ãæå³ããèªã§ãããã®ã¡ã«çŽè§äžè§åœ¢ãæå³ããèªãšããªã£ããã12äžçŽã«ãã¹ãå€å
žã©ãã³èªã® orthogonalis ã¯çŽè§ããã³çŽè§ã«é¢é£ããæŠå¿µãæããã®ãšãªã£ãŠããã
æ²ç·ãæ²é¢ã®æ³ãã¯ãã«ãªã©ãç¹å®ã®å Žåã«ãããŠãçŽäº€ãããã®ãã®æå³ã§æ³ (normal) ãçšããããããšããããäŸãã°ãy-è»žã¯æ²ç· y = x ã®åç¹ã«ãããæ³ç·ã§ããããããã逿³ã«ããã逿°(ãããã¯ååé¢ä¿ã«ããå°äœä»£æ°ç³»ãäžããåå€é¢ä¿)ã®æå³ã§ãæ³ (modulo)ããçšããããããé·ãã 1 ã®æå³ã§ normal(æ£èŠ)ãçšããããããã(äŸãã°orthonormal (orthogonal + normal))ã®ãšæ··åããŠã¯ãªããªããç¹ã«åŸè
ã¯(æ³ç·ãæ³ãã¯ãã«ã䜿ãããã®ãš)åãæèã«ãããŠãã°ãã°çšããããã®ã§æ³šæãã¹ãã§ããã
å
ç©ç©ºé V ã«ããã2ã€ã®ãã¯ãã« x, y ãçŽäº€ãããšã¯ããããã®å
ç© âšx, yâ© ãé¶ãšãªããšãã«èšããx ⥠y ãšæžããå
ç©ç©ºé V ã®äºã€ã®éšåç·å空é A, B ãäºãã«çŽäº€ãããšã¯ãA ã®åãã¯ãã«ã B ã®ä»»æã®ãã¯ãã«ã«çŽäº€ãããšãã«èšããV ã«ãã㊠A ã«çŽäº€ããæå€§ã®éšåç·å空é B ããV ã«ããã A ã®çŽäº€è£ç©ºé A ãšããã
ãã¯ãã«ã®éåãã©ã®äºã€ãäºãã«çŽäº€ãã (pairwise orthogonal) ãšã¯ãããããã¯ãã«ã®ä»»æã®å¯Ÿãäºãã«çŽäº€ãããšãã«èšããã©ã®äºã€ãäºãã«çŽäº€ãããããªãã¯ãã«ã®éåã¯ãã°ãã°çŽäº€ç³» (orthogonal set, orthogonal system) ãšåŒã°ãããå
ç©ç©ºéã«ãããçŽäº€ç³»ã¯ç·åç¬ç«ç³»ã§ããã
ãŠãŒã¯ãªããå¹³é¢ãããã¯é«æ¬¡ã®ãŠãŒã¯ãªãã空éã«ãããŠãäºã€ã®ãã¯ãã«ãçŽäº€ããå¿
èŠå忡件ã¯ããããã®ç¹ä¹ç©ãé¶ãšãªãããšã§ãããããã¯ãããã®æãè§ãçŽè§ãšãªãããšã«ä»ãªããªãããããã£ãŠããã¯ãã«ã®çŽäº€æ§ã¯ãã¯ãã«ãåçŽã§ããããšã髿¬¡å
空éãžæ¡åŒµããæŠå¿µã§ããã
éšå空éããŠãŒã¯ãªããéšå空é(è±èªç)ã®æå³ã«ãšããªãã°ãä»»æã®éšå空éã¯ãçŽäº€è£ç©ºéããæã¡ããã®éšå空éã®ä»»æã®å
ã¯è£ç©ºéã®ä»»æã®å
ã«çŽäº€ããã
ããšãã°ãåºé (-Ï, Ï) ã§äºä¹å¯ç©åãªå®æ°å€é¢æ°(f(x), g(x) ãåºé[0,2Ï]ã§ç©åããçµæãæéå€ãæã€)ã«ã€ããŠå
šäœã®ãªããã¯ãã«ç©ºé L(-Ï, Ï) 㯠f, g ã«å¯Ÿããå
ç©
ããã¡ãL(-Ï, Ï) ã®äºã€ã®é¢æ° sin x, cos x ã¯ãã®å
ç©ã«é¢ããŠçŽäº€ããããã£ãšäžè¬ã«ãéå {1, sin nx, cos mx | n, m â N} 㯠L(-Ï, Ï) ã®çŽäº€åºåºã«ãªãã
å
ç©ç©ºéãèãã代ããã«ãåç·å圢åŒãåãããã¯ãã«ç©ºéãçšããŠãçŽäº€æ§ãäžè¬åããŠèããããšãã§ãããããªãã¡ãäžããããåç·å圢åŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããšããå€ãé¶ãšãªããããªãã¯ãã«ã®å¯Ÿã¯ã(ãã®åç·å圢åŒã«é¢ããŠ)äºãã«çŽäº€ãããšãããæ¬ãŠãŒã¯ãªãã空é(è±èªç)ã®å Žåã«ã¯åæ²çŽäº€æ§(è±èªç)ãªã©ã®èªãçšãããããå³å³ã«ãããŠãäºã€ã®è»ž x', t' ã¯ä»»æã«äžãããã Ï ã«å¯ŸããŠåæ²çŽäº€ããã
å¥ã®äžè¬åãšããŠãå 矀 M ããã³ãã®å察å 矀 M ãäžãããããšããm' â M ããã³ m â M ãçŽäº€ãããšã¯ããããã®å察æ§å
ç©ãé¶ãããªãã¡ âšm', mâ© â m'(m) = 0 ãšãªããšãã«èšãããŸããäºã€ã®éšåéå Sâ² â M ããã³ S â M ãçŽäº€ãããšã¯ãS' ã®åå
ã S ã®åå
ã«çŽäº€ãããšãã«èšãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E4%BA%A4
|
8,052 |
ã¢ãŠ
|
ã¢ãŠ(é®ãéŠéã幎éãéå£éãPlecoglossus altivelis)ã¯ããã¥ãŠãªãŠãªç®ã«åé¡ããããå·ãæµ·ãªã©ãåéããéã§ããããæž
æµã®å¥³çããšãåŒã°ããŠããããªããæŒ¢åã®ãé®ãã¯ãäžåœã§ã¯ãããºãæããã¢ãŠãšããæå³ã¯æ¥æ¬ã§ã®åœèšã§ããã
ã¢ãŠç§ Plecoglossidae ãšãããããšããã£ãããNelson (2006) ã¯ããã¥ãŠãªãŠãªç§ã®äžã«ååã®ã¢ãŠäºç§ Plecoglossinae ã眮ãåé¡ãæå±ãããããã³ã³ããªã¢éºäŒåã«å¯Ÿããåå系統解æã§ã¯ããã¥ãŠãªãŠãªç§ã§æãæ©ãåå²ããçš®ã§ããããšã瀺ãããŠãã(äžå³)ã
挢å衚èšãšããŠã¯ãéŠé(ç¬ç¹ã®éŠæ°ããã€ããšã«ç±æ¥)ã幎é(äžå¹Žã§äžçãçµããããšã«ç±æ¥)ãéå£é(æ³³ãã§ãããšå£ãéè²ã«å
ãããšã«ç±æ¥)ãæžé°®(æžæµã®ã€ã¯ã·ã®æå³)ã现é±é(é±ãå°ãã)ãåœæ é(å¥è¯çã®åçã®äººã
ã»åœæ ãåéå·ã®ã¢ãŠãæå»·ã«ç®äžããããšã«ç±æ¥)ãé°·é(æ±æžæä»£ã®æžç©ã®ãããšãã®èª€èš)ãªã©æ§ã
ãªæŒ¢å衚èšãããããŸããã¢ã€ãã¢ã¢ãã·ãã€ãªããã§ãŠã»ã³ãã€(ä¹
çç±³åž)ãã¢ã€ããŽ(幌éã»åçŽ)ããã€ã«ã©(幌é)ãæ°·é(幌é)ãªã©å°æ¹åãæé·æ®µéã«ããåŒã³åãçã«ãã£ãŠæ§ã
ãªå¥åãå°æ¹åãããã
ã¢ãŠã®èªæºã¯ãç§ã®ç£åµæã«å·ãäžãããšãããã¢ãŠã«ã(èœã¡ãã®æ)ã«ç±æ¥ãããšã®èª¬ãç¥åã«äŸããé£ç©ã§ãããšãããšãããããé¥(ãã)ãã«ç±æ¥ãããšã®èª¬ãªã©è«žèª¬ããã
çŸåšã®ãé®ãã®åãåœãŠãããŠããç±æ¥ã¯è«žèª¬ãããç¥åçåãè¥ååœæŸæµŠé¡ã®çå³¶å·ã§ã¢ãŠãé£ã£ãŠæŠãã®åæãå ã£ããšãã説 ãã¢ãŠãäžå®ã®çžåŒµããç¬å ãã(å ãã)ãšããããã€ããããåã§ãããšãããã®ãªã©è«žèª¬ãããã¢ãŠãšããæå³ã§ã®æŒ¢åã®é®ã¯å¥è¯æä»£ãããã䜿ãããŠããããåœæã®é®ã¯ãããºãæããŠãããèšçŽãå«ãã»ãšãã©ãã¢ãŠã幎éãšè¡šèšããŠããã
äžåœã§æŒ¢åã®ãé®ãã¯å€ä»£æ¥æ¬ãšåæ§ãããºãæããŠãããäžåœèªã§ã¢ãŠã¯ããéŠé(ã·ã£ã³ãŠãŒãxiÄngyú)ããæšæºåãšãããŠãããå°æ¹åã§ã¯ãå±±æ±çã§ãç§çéãããæµ·èéããçŠå»ºçåéšã§ã¯ã溪é°ããå°æ¹Ÿã§ã¯ãð«®éãããåå§éããšãåŒã°ããã
俳å¥ã®å£èªãšããŠãé®ããéµé£Œãã¯ãšãã«å€ãããããããæ¥ã«ã¯ãè¥é®ããç§ã¯ãèœã¡é®ããå¬ã®å£èªã¯ãæ°·é(ã²ããã²ãã)ããšãå壿ã
ã®å£èªã«äœ¿çšãããŠããã
æéã®å
šé·ã¯30ã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«ã«éããããå°åå·®ãåäœå·®ãããã10ã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«ã»ã©ã§æ§æçãããã®ããããè¥éã¯å
šèº«ãç°ç·è²ã§èé°ãé»ãèžã³ãã®åŸæ¹ã«å€§ããªé»è²ã®æ¥å圢æãäžã€ãããç§ã«æ§æçãããšæ©è²ãšé»ã®å©å§»è²ãçºçŸãããäœåãèé°ãæã€ãªã©ã®ç¹åŸŽããµã±ç§ã«é¡äŒŒãããå£ã¯å€§ããç®ã®äžãŸã§è£ããããåã¯æããããæ¯ã¯äžžããæ«(ãã)ã®ãããªæ§é (æ«ç¶æ¯)ã§ããã
åæµ·éã»æé®®åå³¶ãããããã åéšãŸã§æ±ã¢ãžã¢äžåž¯ã«ååžãããç³ã«ã€ããè»é¡ãé£ã¹ããšããç¿æ§ããããã®ãããªç°å¢ã®ããæ²³å·ã«çæ¯ããé·å€§ãªäžæµåããã€å€§éžã®å€§æ²³å·ããããæ¥æ¬ã®å·ã«é©å¿ããéã§ããã倩塩å·ãæ¥æ¬ã®ååžåéãéºäŒçã«æ¥æ¬ç£æµ·ç£ã¢ãŠã¯åå2ã€ã®çŸ€ã«åãããããäžåœã§ã¯ãæ²³å·ç°å¢ã®æªåã§ãã®æ°ã¯æžå°ããŠãããã2004幎ã«é·æ±äžæµåã§ãçšéãçºèŠãããå ±åããããªã©ãçŸåšãéŽšç·æ±ã¯ãããéŒæ±å島以åã®äžåž¯ã«çæ¯ããŠããããŸããäžåœã§ã¯æµæ±çãªã©ã§æŸæµã逿®å®éšãè¡ãããŠãããå°æ¹Ÿã§ãäžéš(西岞ã§ã¯æ¿æ°Žæžä»¥åãæ±å²žã§ã¯äžæ¡æžä»¥å)ã§çæ¯ããŠããããçŸåšã¯çµ¶æ»
ã屿§ãããŠããã
Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846)ã
ãã¢ãŠããäºçš® P. a. altivelis ãšããããšãããã
çµç¶æ¹ã®ã³ã¢ãŠã«å¯Ÿããäž¡åŽåéããéåžžã®åäœçŸ€ããªãªã¢ãŠãšåŒã¶ã
30ã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«ã»ã©ã«æé·ããäž¡åŽåéåã®æµ·ç£ç³»ã¢ãŠã«å¯ŸããŠãéžå°åã§ããçµç¶æ¹ç£ã¢ãŠã¯10ã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«ã»ã©ã«ããæé·ããã³ã¢ãŠãšãåŒã°ãããææ²»æä»£åŸæãŸã§ãªãªã¢ãŠãšã³ã¢ãŠã¯å¥çš®ãšæããããŠããããåç©åŠè
ã®ç³å·å代æŸã«ãã1908幎以éã®æ± äžé£Œè²è©Šéšããã³1913幎以éã®å€æ©å·ã»å®è°·å·ãžã®æŸæµå®éšã«ãã£ãŠãçµç¶æ¹ç£ã¢ãŠãæ²³å·ã§ã¯å€§ããè²ã¡ãåçš®ã§ããããšãå®èšŒããããã¢ã€ãœã¶ã€ã åæã®çµæãæµ·ç£ã¢ãŠããã®åäœçŸ€ãšããŠã®å¥é¢ã¯10äžå¹Žåãšæšå®ãããŠããã
ã³ã¢ãŠã¯çæ
çã«ãç¹æ®ã§ãä»çšéæã«æµ·ã«ã¯äžãããçµç¶æ¹ãæµ·ã®ä»£ãããšããŠå©çšããŠãããçµç¶æ¹ã®æµå
¥æ²³å·ãžé¡äžããä»å°åã®ã¢ãŠã®ããã«å€§ããæé·ãããã®(ãªãªã¢ãŠ)ãšãæ¹å
ã«ãšã©ãŸã倧ããæé·ããªããã®(ã³ã¢ãŠ)ãååšãããæ²³å·ã«é¡äžããªãã³ã¢ãŠã¯ãé€ãšããŠããžã³ã³é¡ãäž»ã«æé£ãããåãçµç¶æ¹ã«çæ¯ãããã¯ãã¹ã§ã¯æµ·æ°Žèæ§ãçºéããéæµ·åŸã«æ»æ»
ããããšãå ±åãããŠããããã³ã¢ãŠã«ãããŠãæµ·æ°Žèæ§ã倱ãããŠããå¯èœæ§ã瀺åãããŠããããŸããæµ·ç£ã¢ãŠãšã®äº€éåäœãéæµ·åŸã«æ»æ»
ããŠããããšã瀺åãããŠããã
ç£åµæ°ã¯ æµ·ç£ã¢ãŠããå€ããä»å°åã®ã¢ãŠãšæ¯ã¹çžåŒµãæèã匷ããšãããŠããããã®ããåé£ãã«ã¯å¥œéœåã§ãå
šåœåå°ã®æ²³å·ã«æŸæµãããŠããããçµç¶æ¹ç£çš®èã®ä»ã¢ãŠãããã¯äº€é
çšéã¯æµ·ã«äžã£ãŠãç¿å¹Žé¡äžããªãããšã匷ã瀺åãããŠãããå€©ç¶æµ·ç£ã¢ãŠãšã®äº€é
ã«ããåã®æµ·æ°Žèæ§ã倱ããæ»æ»
ããããšã«ããè³æºæžå°ãæžå¿µãããŠããã
ã¢ãŠã¯æ²³å·æŒæ¥ã»éæŒã«ãšã£ãŠéèŠãªéçš®ãšããŠæ¥æ¬åå°ã§çš®èæŸæµãè¡ãããŠããŠãçµç¶æ¹ã§ã¯åå°ã«åºè·ããçš®èãšããŠã¢ãŠãæ¡æãããŠãããæµ·ç£ã¢ãŠãæµ·ã®ç°å¢ã«ãã£ãŠè³æºéã倧ããå€åããã®ã«å¯Ÿããçµç¶æ¹ã®ã¢ãŠã¯è±å¯ã§ããã ãã§ãªããäœæ°Žæž©ã§ã掻æ§ãä¿ã€ãæé·ãæ©ãããªãã°ãæèã匷ãåé£ãã«åå¿ãããããªã©ã®ç¹åŸŽãããçš®èã¯éçšããããšãã«1990幎代ããã¯ééããŒã¹ã§90ããŒã»ã³ããå ãããªã©ãæ¥æ¬ã®ã¢ãŠçš®èã寡å ããŠããã
éºäŒåŠãçºéããåçš®ã§ãã£ãŠãç°ãªã系統ã®ã°ã«ãŒãéã§ã®äº€éã®åé¡ç¹ãèªèãããããã«ãªã£ããã1970幎代以éã®è€æ°ã®ç ç©¶ã«ãã£ãŠãå·ã«æŸæµãããæ¹ç£ç³»ã¢ãŠã¯æµ·ã«æµäžããããšé¡äžããèœåãæããªãããšãšããã®ããã«æ²³å·ã§ã®ç¹æ®ã«å¯äžããŠããªãã£ãããšã瀺åããããç£åµæã«ãéããããããšããæ²³å·ã§ã®äº€éã®å¯èœæ§ã¯å°ããããå®å
šã«ã¯åŠå®ãããªãã飌è²äžã§ã¯ãæ°Žæž©ãæ¥ç
§æéã«ãã£ãŠç£åµæã調æŽã§ãããã人çºçãªäº€é
ãå¯èœã§ããšãã«éžå°éå£ã§ã¯å€©ç¶ã«ãèµ·ããããéæãã æ¹ãšå
«ç°åãã æ¹ã®éžå°éå£ã«æµžé亀é(è±èªç)éå£ãå ±åãããŠããŠã倩ç¶éå£ã«éºäŒçæ¹ä¹±ãããããããšã屿§ãããŠããã
P. altivelis ryukyuensis Nishida, 1988ãã¢ã€ãœã¶ã€ã åæã®çµæãæ¥æ¬æ¬åç£ã®æµ·ç£ã¢ãŠããã®å¥é¢ã¯100äžå¹Žåãšæšå®ãããŠããã
çµ¶æ»
屿§IAé¡ (CR)(ç°å¢çã¬ãããªã¹ã)
çµ¶æ»
屿§çš®ã
äžåœç£äºçš®(Plecoglossus altivelis chinensis)ã¯Xiujuan, et al. (2005) ã«ãããæ°äºçš®ãšããŠèšèŒããããæé®®åå³¶ããäžè¯äººæ°å
±ååœ â ãããã åœå¢å°åž¯ã«ãããŠã®æµ·å²žã«æç¶çã«çæ¯ããã
æé®®åå³¶ç£ã¯äºåçãªç ç©¶ã«ããæ¥æ¬ç£ãšéºäŒçã«ææã®å·®ããããšã®å ±åããããŠããã
ã¢ãŠã®æéã¯å·ã§ç掻ããå·ã§ç£åµããããçæŽ»å²ã®3åã®1çšåºŠãå ããä»çšéæã«ã¯æµ·ã§ç掻ããããã®ãããªåéã¯ãäž¡åŽåéããšåŒã°ããããã ããæ²³å£åã®ç°å¢ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãæ²³å£åã«ãä»çšéã®æè²å Žã圢æãããå Žåãããã
芪ã®ã¢ãŠã¯é¡äžããæ²³å·ãæµäžãæ²³å·ã®äžæµåã«éãç£åµãè¡ããæé«æ°Žæž©ãææ°20床ãäžåãé ã«å§ãŸããæé«æ°Žæž©ãææ°16床ãäžåãé ã«çµäºãããç²åŸ 1ããªã¡ãŒãã«çšåºŠã®æ²æ§ç²çåµãå€éã«ç£åµãããç£åµã«é©ããæ²³åºã¯ãç²ã®å°ããªç å©è³ªã§æ³¥ã®å ç©ã®ãªãæ°Žéãã®è¯ãç å©ãåãå Žæãå¿
èŠã§ãããã€ãŸããç å©è³ªã§ãã£ãŠããã²ãã¬ã«ã¯ããã±ã©ã®å¹Œè«(ä¿ç§°:ã¯ãã«ã¯ã ã·)ãªã©ã«ããæ²³åºãåºããããå Žæã§ã¯ç£åµã§ããªããç£åµæ§åŒã¯ã1察1ã§ã¯ãªãå¿
ã2åäœä»¥äžã®ãªã¹ãšã®ç£åµæŸç²Ÿãè¡ãããããŸããè³æºä¿è·ãç®çãšããŠãä»çè»é¡ãåãé€ãããæ²³åºãæãèµ·ããæ°Žéããè¯ãããããªã©ã®æ²³åºãç£åµã«é©ããç°å¢ã«æŽåããæŽ»åãåå°ã§è¡ãããŠããã
æ°Žæž©ææ°15床ããææ°20床ã§2é±éã»ã©ãããšåµåãããåµåããä»éã¯ã·ããŠãªã®ããã«éæã§ãå¿èãããã¶ãããªã©ãéããŠèŠãããåµååŸã®ä»éã¯å
šé·çŽ6ããªã¡ãŒãã«ã§åµé»å¢ãæã€ã
ä»éã¯æ°æ¥ã®ãã¡ã«æµ·ãããã¯æ²³å£åã«æµäžãæ¥ã®é¡äžã«åãããæµ·æ°Žèæ§ãåããŠããããæµ·æ°Žã®å¡©åæ¿åºŠã®äœãå Žæãéžã¶ãããæ²³å£ãã4kmãè¶ããªãç¯å²ãåéãããé€ã¯ã«ã€ã¢ã·é¡ãªã©ã®ãã©ã³ã¯ãã³ãæé£ããŠæé·ãããçšéæã«å¿
èŠãªæµ·åºã®åœ¢è³ªã¯ç å©ãç ã§ãæµ·åºãæ³¥ã®å Žæã§ã¯çè²ããªããå
šé·çŽ10 ããªã¡ãŒãã«çšåºŠããç æµæµ·å²žãæ²³å£åã®æµ
æã«éãŸããããã®é ããæ¢ã«ã¹ã€ã«ããã¥ãŠãªã«äŒŒãéŠããããããã®ç¬ç¹ã®éŠãã¯ãã¢ãŠã®äœå
ã®äžé£œåèèªé
žãé
µçŽ ã«ãã£ãŠåè§£ããããšãã®åãã§ãããã¢ãŠäœå
ã®èèªé
žã¯é€é£Œæã®åœ±é¿ãåããããšãããè²ã¡æ¹ã«ãã£ãŠéŠããç°ãªãããšã«ãªããéŠãæåã¯äž»ã«2,6-ãããžãšããŒã«ã§ããã2-ããããŒã«ã»3,6-ãããžãšã³-1-ãªãŒã«ãé¢äžããŠãããçšéæã«ã¯ããã©ã³ã¯ãã³ãå°åæ°Žçæè«ãèœäžæè«ãæé£ããã
äœé·59-63ããªã¡ãŒãã«ã«ãªããšé±ãå
šèº«ã«åœ¢æããçšéã¯ç¿å¹Ž4æ-5æé ã«5-10ã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«çšåºŠã«ãªããå·ãé¡äžãããããã®é ããäœã«è²ãã€ããããã«æ¯ã®åœ¢ã岩ã®äžã®è»é¡ãé£ã¹ãã®ã«é©ããæ«(ãã)ã®ãããªåœ¢ã«å€åãããå·ã®äžæµããäžæµåã«ãã©ãçãã幌éã¯æ°Žçæè«ãªã©ãé£ã¹ãããç³ã«ä»çããèè»é¡ããã³çªè»é¡(ãã€ãªãã£ã«ã )ãäž»é£ãšããããã«ãªããã¢ãŠã岩ç³è¡šé¢ã®è»é¡ããããåããšå²©ã®äžã«çŽ¡é圢ã®ç¬ç¹ã®é£ã¹çãæ®ãããããç¹ã«ãã¯ã¿ããš(é£ã¿è·¡)ããšãããã¢ãŠãå·èŸºãã芳å¯ãããšãè»é¡ãé£ã¹ãããã«ãã°ãã°å²©ç³ã«é ããããã€ãããããªåäœãè¡ãã®ã§ä»ã®éãšåºå¥ã§ããã
å€ãã®è¥éã¯çŸ€ããã€ããããç¹ã«äœã倧ãããªã£ãäœå²ãã®è¥éã¯ããã®è»é¡ãå€ãå Žæãç¬å ããŠçžåŒµããäœãããã«ãªããäžè¬ã«ã¯ãçžåŒµããæã€ããã«ãªã£ãã¢ãŠã¯é»è²ã¿ã垯ã³ãããšã§ç¥ãããŠãããç¹ã«ãã¬ã®çžãèžã«ã§ããé»è²æã¯çžåŒµãããã€ã¢ãŠã®ã·ã³ãã«ãšãããŠãããã¢ãŠã®èŠèŠã¯é»è²ã匷ãèªèããããã«ãã£ãŠååäœã®äºããåé¿ããŠãããšèããããŠãããçžåŒµãã¯1å°Ÿã®ã¢ãŠã«ã€ãçŽ1måæ¹ã»ã©ã§ããã®çžåŒµãå
ã«å
¥ã£ãä»ã®åäœã«ã¯äœåœãããªã©ã®æ¿ããæ»æãå ããããã®æ§è³ªãå©çšããŠã¢ãŠãæããã®ããåé£ããã§ãé£ã人ãã¡ã10mè¿ãé£ç«¿ãéãã«æ§ããŠã¢ãŠãé£ãå§¿ã¯æ¥æ¬ã®å€ã®é¢šç©è©©ã«ãªã£ãŠããã
å€é ãè¥éã§ã¯ç°ç·è²ã ã£ãäœè²ããç§ã«æ§æçãããšããã³ããããšåŒã°ããæ©ãšé»ã®ç¬ç¹ã®å©å§»è²ãžå€åãããæéã¯ç£åµã®ããäžæµåãžã®éæ²³ãéå§ãããããã®è¡åã瀺ããã®ãæããŠãèœã¡ããããšããåŒç§°ããããç£åµãçµããã¢ãŠã¯1幎éã®çãäžçãçµããããåºå³¶ç倪ç°å·ãéå²¡çæ¿ç°å·ãªã©ã®äžéšã®æ²³å·ããã ã®äžæµéšã§ã¯çãå»¶ã³ãŠè¶å¬ããåäœãããã倪ç°å·ã§ã®èª¿æ»çµæããã¯ãè¶å¹Žã¢ãŠã¯å
šãŠéã§ããããŸããåæçããŠã®ç£åµã¯è¡ãããªããšèããããŠããã
ã¢ãŠã®èгè³éçšãšããŠã®é£Œè²èªäœã¯çšã§ããããã³ã¢ãŠ(éžå°å)ã§ããã°å¯èœã§ããããŸããé¡äžåã®ã¢ãŠãçšã¢ãŠã®ææããè²ãŠãã°å¯èœã§ããã髿°Žæž©ã«åŒ±ãããå€å Žã®æž©åºŠç®¡çãéèŠã§ããã飿§ã¯äž»ã«æ€ç©æ§ã§ããããã³ã¢ãŠã®å Žåã¯åç©æ§ããã匷ãã®ã§ãçšã«åç©ãã©ã³ã¯ãã³ãé£ã¹ãããŸãã芳è³éãšããŠæ°Žæ§œå
ã§é£Œè²ããå Žåã¯æçãŸã§ã«è³ããªãã±ãŒã¹ãå€ãããã1幎ãã3幎ã¯çããã
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ä»£è¡šçãªå·é£ãã®å¯Ÿè±¡éã§ãããéèŠãªé£çšéã§ããããå°æ¹å
Œ
±å£äœã象城ããéãšããŠæå®ããèªæ²»äœãå€ããçšéæãéæµ·ãéããã¢ãŠ (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis) ã¯ãçµç¶æ¹ç£ã³ã¢ãŠãšåºå¥ãããããæµ·ç£ã¢ãŠãšãåŒã°ããã
矀銬çã»å²éçã»å¥è¯çã§ã¯çéã«æå®ãããŠããã
æ±æžæä»£ããè©å€ã®é«ã倿©å·ã®é®ã¯å¹åºã«ã埡çšé®ããšããŠäžçŽãããŠããã
ç¹ã«å€©ç¶ã¢ãŠãäžå¿ã«ãåºãŸããææãéãããŠããããšãããåå€ã®ä»£è¡šçãªå³èŠãšãããŠããã
æ¥æ¬åå°ã®ã¢ãŠã®èã®å
容ç©ã«é¢ãã調æ»ã®çµæãæ¿ããå€ãå·ã®ã¢ãŠã¯èã«æ³¥ãå€ãæã¡ãé£å³ã«ãæ³¥èããåºãããã®å Žåãã¯ããããé€å»ããããšã§æ³¥èããé¿ããããšãã§ãããäžæ¹ãæ³¥ãå°ãªãå·ã§ã¯èã«ãæ³¥ãå«ãŸãããé£å³ã倧å¹
ã«æ¹åãããåãå·ã§ããé¡äžéãå€ãå·åºãã¢ãŠã«ãã£ãŠãæé€ãããããããªå¹Žã«ã¯é¢šå³ãè¯ããªãã
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯äžè¬ã«ãéã¯åºèº«ã§é£ããã®ãæè¯ãšãããŠãã(å²äž»ç¹åŸ)ããã¢ãŠã«ã€ããŠã¯äŸå€çã«å¡©çŒããæè¯ãšãããŠãããäžè¬ã«åå€ã®ãã®ã¯ã¢ãŠã®ç¬ç¹ã®éŠæ°ãå³ãããæ©å€ã®ãã®ã¯è
¹åãå³ãããšãããŠããã
ã¢ãŠã¯ãåå€ããå€ã®å£ç¯ã代衚ãã飿ãšããŠç¥ãããæž
æ¶Œæããããã飿ã§ãããç¹ã«åå€ã®è¥ã¢ãŠãçŸå³ãšãããè¥ã¢ãŠã®å¡©çŒãã倩ã·ãã¯çéããããé®ã¯èŒé
¢ã§é£ã¹ãã®ãäžè¬çã ããã»ãã«ãèŒå³åãæ·»ããå Žåããããå¡©çŒãã«ããåŸã«æ®ã£ã骚ã¯ããã«çããç±çã®æ¥æ¬é
ãæ³šã骚é
ãšããããšãã§ããã
åºèº«ãæŽããªã©ã®çé£ãè¡ãããããšããããã¢ãŠã¯æšªå·åžè«ãšããå¯çè«ã®äžé宿䞻ã§ãããé£åå®å
šå§å¡äŒã¯ãã®èгç¹ããçé£ã¯èŠããããªããšããŠããã
åºèº«ã«ããã«ã¯ãæ¬ã®ã¢ãŠãå·æ°Žã§èº«ãç· ããæŽããèè¶ãã«ãããç¹ã«èè¶ãã¯éªšã®æãããã¢ãŠã®ç¹åŸŽçãªèª¿çæ¹æ³ã§ããŠãã³ãå
èãé€å»ããã®ã¡ã骚ãç®ããšèã茪åãã«ãããã®ã§ãæž
æ¶Œæã®ããèŠæ ããç¬ç¹ã®æ¯ããããæ¥œãããé
¢ãèŒé
¢ãªã©ã§é£ããããšã§ãã¢ãŠã®éŠæ°ãå³ããããšãã§ããã
é
¢ãå¡©ã«æµžãé
¢é£¯ãšåãããŠçºé
µããããªãããã®ãé®å¯¿åžãããã姿寿åžãããæŒã寿åžãããæ¿ã®è寿åžããã笹寿åžããªã©ãäœãå°æ¹ããããJR京éœé§
ã®åç©é§
åŒãšããªã£ãŠããã
ã¢ãŠã®è
žãå¡©èŸã«ãããããããã¯ãçå³ãšããŠåã°ãããããããäœãã«ã¯ãè
¹ã«ç ãå
¥ã£ãŠããªã(空è
¹ã«ãªã£ãŠãã)å€éã»æç²ãã®é®ã奜ããšãããã
çµç¶æ¹åšèŸºãªã©ã§ã¯çšéã®æ°·éã®äœç
®ããæéã®çé²ç
®(å°é®ã®çé²ç
®)ãåç©ãšããŠè£œé 販売ãããŠããã
ã·ã©ã¹æŒã«ãããŠã¯ãæµ·ã§éãããŠããã¢ãŠä»éã»çšéãæ··ç²ãããããšãããããããããã®å Žåã¯ç¬ç¹ã®éŠãã補åã«ã€ãã®ã§ãããå«ãããããŸããã¢ãŠã®ä»çšéã¯è¹ã§ããšé»è²ã«ãªãã
也ç¥ãããé®ç¯ã¯åé£ã®åºæ±ãšããŠãçéãããããŸããé®ã®å¹²ç©ãããšã£ããæ°Žåºæ±ãã¯ã極ããŠäžåã
ã¢ãŠã®è¥éã¯åºãç¶²ãæç¶²ãç£åµæã«å·ãäžãæéã¯ç°(ããª)ãªã©ã§æŒç²ããããå²éçã®é·è¯å·ãªã©ã§ã¯ããŠããŠãå©çšããéµé£Œããç¥ãããã
ã¢ãŠã«ã¿ãŒã²ãããçµã£ãæŒæ³ãšããŠãã¢ãŠãçžåŒµããæã€æ§è³ªãå©çšããåé£ããããã
ä»éæããçšéæã®äž»èŠãªé€ã¯æ°Žçæè«ãæ°Žé¢èœäžæè«ã§ãããããæ¯é€ããµãã仿ãã§é£ããããšãããããã ããæ°Žç£è³æºä¿è·ã®èгç¹ãã11æ-5æã¯çŠæŒã§ããããŸããè§£çŠãããåŸãæŒæ¥æš©ãèšå®ãããæ²³å·ã§ã¯ãå
¥æŒæãæ¯æãå¿
èŠãããã
ã¢ãŠã¯é«çŽé£æãšãããŠãããå
æ°Žé¢ã§é€æ®ãããéçš®ãšããŠã¯ãŠãã®ã«æ¬¡ãçç£é«ãèªãã逿®ã¯ãé£çšãšããããã®æéã®é€æ®ãšãéæŒç®çã®æŸæµçšçš®èçšéã®é€æ®ãšãæ¥æ¬åå°ã§è¡ãããçšé逿®ãå€©ç¶æ²³å·ã«æŸæµããåäœããå倩ç¶ããšåŒã¶ããšããããäžéšã§ã¯å®å
šé€æ®ãè¡ãããããã®éã«ã¯ãäž»ãšããŠã倩ç¶ã®çšéã3æãã4æã«æç²ãæ·¡æ°Žã§è²æããæ¹æ³ãæ¡çšããããå®éããæ²³å£ä»è¿ã®å·ã§æ¡æããæ²³å·ç£çšã¢ãŠããæ²³å£ä»è¿ã®æµ·æŽåéäžã«æ¡æããæµ·ç£çšã¢ãŠããæ¹ãæ¹ã«æ³šãæ²³å£ã§æ¡æããæ¹ç£çšã¢ãŠ(ã³ã¢ãŠ)ããçš®èãšããŠäŸçµŠãããŠãããå®å
šé€æ®ã®å Žåãäžææµ·æ°Žäžã§é£Œè²ããããšããããé€ã¯ã·ãªããºããã¯ã ã·ãªã©ã®ã¯ã ã·é¡ãã¢ã«ããã¢å¹Œçãããžã³ã³ãªã©ã䜿çšãããã
ã¢ãŠã®é€æ®ã®å§ãŸãã¯è«žèª¬ããã逿®ã®å®éšã¯ãç³å·å代æŸãã«ãã1904幎ããçµç¶æ¹ã§è¡ãããã®ãæåãšãããŠããã1923幎ã«ã¯çµç¶æ¹ç£ã®çšéã京éœåžã®æž
æ»å·ã«æŸæµãããã1960幎代ã«ãªããšéæŒçš®èã®è²æãçãã«è¡ãããããã«ãªããåœåã¯çµç¶æ¹ç£ã¢ãŠã逿®çš®èãšããŠå©çšãããŠããããæµ·ç£ã®çšéã®å©çšã1929幎ã«äžé宿²»ã®ç ç©¶ã«ããéå§ãããããªãã逿®ã¢ãŠã®çç£éã¯ãæçæã®1988幎ã«ã¯1äž3600ãã³ããŸããã£ããã2001幎ã«8100ãã³ã2005幎ã«ã¯5800ãã³çšåºŠãŸã§æžå°ããã
21äžçŽåé ã«ã¯æµæ°Žæ± ã§ã®é€æ®æ± ãè¡ãèèªåãæžå°ãããäºããé
å飌æã«èè»ãç·è¶æœåºç©ãæ·»å ããããšã§åç©è³ªé£Œæç±æ¥ã®éŠããæå¶ãããªã©ã逿®æ¹æ³ã«ã工倫ãå ããã逿®ãã®ã®é£å³ã倩ç¶ç©ã«è¿ã¥ããåªåããªãããŠãããããã«ãé»ç
§é£Œè²ã«ããæ§çæçãé
ããããè¶å¹Žã¢ãŠããšããŠè²©å£²ãããå Žåãããã
ã¢ãŠã«ã€ããŠã®æŒæ¥æš©ã®ããæ²³å·ã§ã¯ãæ¯å¹Ž4-5æé æŒåã«ããã10-15ã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«çšåºŠã®ãµã€ãºã®çšéã®æŸæµãè¡ãããã
ã¢ãŠã®é€æ®æã®é£Œè²é©æž©ã¯ææ°15-25床ã§ããã逿®çšã®çãç°(æ± )ã¯é·æ¹åœ¢ãå圢ãªã©æ§ã
ãªåœ¢ç¶ã®ãã®ãå©çšããããé€ã¯ããã€ãŠã¯ã«ã€ã³ã®è¹ç²æ«ãéã®ç·Žãé€ã䜿çšãããããçŸåšã§ã¯éç²ãéãã身ãäž»æåãšããåºåœ¢é
å飌æãäžãããããã¢ãŠã¯çæéã«æé·ãããå¿
èŠãããããã®ãããåžžã«é£œé£éã«è¿ãéã絊é€ãããçµæãæ®ã£ãé€ã«ãã逿®æ± ã®æ°Žè³ªãæªåããææçãçºçãæããªããšããåé¡ãçããããããŸãå¯åºŠç®¡çãéèŠã§ãããããã¯ãææç察çããšãå¿
èŠãããã°ããã§ãªããçè²å¯åºŠãé«ããšå
±é£ããçºçããããããã§ãããã
倩ç¶ç©ãšé€æ®ç©ã®éããšããŠã¯äž»ã«ä»¥äžã®ãããªãã®ãããã
ãã«ãŒãéã®ã¢ãŠã®ãã©ã³ãåãšããŠæå³é®ããããäž»ãªçç£å°ã¯ãæ»è³çã埳島çãåæå±±çãæç¥çãé岡çã
逿®ã«ãããŠææçãåé¡ãšãªããäŸãã°ãã°ã«ã²ã¢çãçºçããå Žåãæ²»çæ³ããªãçºç
矀ã®å
šåäœãåŠåãæ± ããã³é¢é£åšæãæ¶æ¯ããªããã°ãªããªãã
åè¿°ã®æ§ã«ãåœåã¯çµç¶æ¹ç£ã¢ãŠã逿®çš®èãšããŠå©çšãããŠããããæµ·ç£ã®çšéã®å©çšããããŠããããå€éšããã®æ°èŠåäœãå°å
¥ãããªãç°å¢ã§ç¶ä»£é£Œè²ãããããšãå€ã逿®å Žã®ç°å¢ã«é©å¿ããåäœã®ã¿ãæ®ãããšãšãªãã飌è²ããããåé¢ãåäžã®åœ¢è³ªããã€éºäŒçãªå€æ§æ§ã«æ¬ ããéå£ãšãªãããã®çµæãç°å¢ã¹ãã¬ã¹ã«å¯Ÿããèæ§(äŸ:äž»ããæé£è
ã®ã«ã¯ãŠããã®åé¿èœå)ãäœäžããããšå
±ã«ãç¶ä»£äººå·¥çš®èã芪éãšãªã£ãèªç¶çã§ã®åçç£ã®ãµã€ã¯ã«ãè¯å¥œã«æ©èœããªãåå ãšãªã£ãŠããå¯èœæ§ãææãããŠãããããããéºäŒç倿§æ§ãç¶æããããã«ã逿®ã¡ã¹ãšéçãªã¹ã亀é
ããæ¬¡äžä»£ã®çš®èãšããããšã§éºäŒç倿§æ§ã®ç¶æãã¯ããããšãå¯èœã§ããã
æµåäžæ°Žéã®æŽåã«ããæ°Žè³ªæµåããã€ãŠçæ¯ããŠããæ²³å·ã®æž
æãçŽç·åããæ²³å·æ§é ã®æ¹é ãç£åµåºã®æŽåãªã©ãéãã倩ç¶ã¢ãŠåŸ©æŽ»ã®è©Šã¿ã¯æ¥æ¬åœå
åå°(å³¶æ ¹çã倿©å·)ãäŸãã°ç¥æžåžçåºéœè³å·ã¯ããã€ãŠãŽããšãããã§åãå°œãããããã©ã¶å·ãã ã£ãããéœè³å·ãå®ããäŒããã1976幎ãããæŠåã®ããã«éãšããªã©ãã§ããããã«ãšæŽ»åãç¶ãããŽããåŒãäžããããè»ã«æ¡å£°åšãç©ã¿å·ãæ±ããªãããã«ãšèšŽããŠããã鳿
ãåããå
µåº«çãééã®æŽåãç£åµçšã®ç ãæ·ããå·ãèè¡ãããŠæµããç·©ããã«ããããã®çµæãæ¯å¹Ž2000å¹ã»ã©ãé¡äžããç£åµãè¡ãããããã«ãªã£ãã
é®ã¯äžå€ã®å£èªãé®ã®åã»è¥é®ã¯æ©æ¥ã®å£èªã
åèåã®äžçš®ã«ãé®ã圢åã£ãŠå°éºŠç²ãçŒããŠäœã£ãç®ã§æ±è¥ãã¯ããã ãã®ãããããé®ããŸãã¯ãè¥é®ããšåŒã°ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A6
|
8,053 |
å
ç©
|
ç·å代æ°åŠã«ãããå
ç©(ãªããããè±: inner product)ã¯ã(å®ãŸãã¯è€çŽ )ãã¯ãã«ç©ºéäžã§å®çŸ©ãããééåãã€æ£å®å€ã®ãšã«ããŒãååç·å圢åŒ(å®ä¿æ°ã®å Žåã«ã¯å¯Ÿç§°åç·å圢åŒ)ã®ããšã§ãããäºã€ã®ãã¯ãã«ã«å¯ŸããŠããæ°(ã¹ã«ã©ãŒ)ãå®ããäºé
æŒç®ã§ããããã¹ã«ã©ãŒç©(ã¹ã«ã©ãŒãããè±: scalar product)ãšããããå
ç©ãåãããã¯ãã«ç©ºéã¯å
ç©ç©ºéãšåŒã°ããå
ç©ã®å®ããèšéãæã€å¹ŸäœåŠçãªç©ºéãšã¿ãªãããããšã«ããŒãååç·å圢åŒã®æå³ã§ã®å
ç©ã¯ãã°ãã°ããšã«ããŒãå
ç©ãŸãã¯ãŠãã¿ãªå
ç©ãšåŒã°ããã
è€çŽ æ°äœ C äžã®ãã¯ãã«ç©ºé V äžã§å®çŸ©ãããäºå€æ°ã®åå âš,â©: V à V â C ãå
ç©ãããã¯ãšã«ããŒãå
ç©ã§ãããšã¯ãx, y, z â V ãã㳠λ â C ãä»»æãšããŠ
ãæºããããšãèšã(ããã§äžä»ãã®ã㌠⢠ã¯è€çŽ å
±åœ¹ã衚ã)ãããªãã¡ãè€çŽ ãã¯ãã«ç©ºéäžã®å
ç©ã¯éé忣å®å€ã®ãšã«ããŒã圢åŒã§ããã
å®ãã¯ãã«ç©ºéã®å Žåãåæ§ã§ãå®ãã¯ãã«ç©ºé V äžã®äºå€æ°ã®åå âš,â©: V à V â R ãå
ç©ã§ãããšã¯ããããéé忣å®å€ã®å¯Ÿç§°åç·å圢åŒã§ãããšãã«èšãã
å Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãéè² ã®ãåå®å€ãååç·å圢åŒãèããå¿
èŠãããããšããããã€ãŸããâšx, xâ© ã¯éè² ã§ããããšã®ã¿ãèŠæ±ãããééåã§ãªããã®ãèãããšããããšã§ãã(åŸè¿°)ã
ãšã«ããŒã察称æ§ã«æ³šæããã°ãä»»æã® x ã«å¯ŸããŠ
ãããããã¯å®æ°å€ã§ãããããã«ååç·åæ§ã«ãã
ãæãç«ã€ã
ç·åæ§ã«ããããx = 0 ãªãã° âšx, xâ© = 0ããæãç«ã¡ããŸãééåæ§ã¯ãã®éãâšx, xâ© = 0 ãªãã° x = 0ããèšããã®ã§ãããããããããåãããŠãâšx, xâ© = 0 â x = 0 ãåŸãã
å
ç©ã®ååç·åæ§ãçšããã°ãå¹³æ¹å±é
ãæãç«ã¡ãç¹ã«ä¿æ°äœã R ã®å Žåã«ã¯å
ç©ã¯å¯Ÿç§°ã ããã
ãåŸãããŸãç·åæ§ã«ãããŠã¹ã«ã©ãŒã«ã€ããŠç¹ã«èããªããšã
ãæãç«ã€ããããã¯åé
æ§ãããã¯å æ³æ§(åå æ³æ§)ãšãåŒã°ããã
æ§ã
ãªç©ºéã«è€æ°éãã®å
ç©ãå®çŸ©ã§ãããäžèŠ§è¡šã§æŠèŠããåç¯ã§è©³çްã説æããã
äžã€ã®ãã¯ãã«ç©ºéã«å®çŸ©ãããå
ç©ã¯ äžã€ãšã¯éããªãããŸããããå
ç© âšâ
, â
â© ã«å¯ŸããŠ
ãšå®ãããšã1 ã€ã®ãã«ã â â
â ãå®çŸ©ã§ããããããå
ç©ãèªå°ãããã«ã ãŸãã¯å
ç©ãå®ãããã«ã ãšåŒã¶ããã«ã ã¯äžããããå
ç©ã§ã¯ãã£ã "ãã¯ãã«ã®å€§ãã" ã§ããã
ãšããããšã§ãäºã€ã®ãã¯ãã«ã®ãªãè§ãå®ããããããã®æå³ã§å
ç©ã¯ãã¯ãã«ç©ºéã«èšé (metric) ãå®ãããšããã ãã®ããã«å®çŸ©ããããã«ã ã¯å¿
ãäžç·å®ç
ãæºãããšããæå³ã§ããã®çåŒã¯å¹ŸäœåŠçãªæ§è³ªã瀺ããã®ãšæãããããéã«äžãããããã«ã ãå
ç©ããèªå°ããããã®ã§ãããªãã°ã(宿°äœ R äžã®å
ç©ç©ºéã®ãšã)
ãŸãã¯(è€çŽ æ°äœ C äžã®å
ç©ç©ºéã®ãšã)
ã§å®ããããåœæ° âšâ
, â
â© ã¯å
ç©ã®æ§è³ªãæºãããææã®éãäžãããããã«ã ã¯ãã®å
ç©ããèªå°ãããããã®é¢ä¿åŒã忥µæçåŒãŸãã¯å極æçåŒãšããã
ãã®ããã«ãå
ç©ã¯ãã¯ãã«ç©ºéã®ä»£æ°çãªæ§è³ªãšå¹Ÿäœçãªæ§è³ªã®æ©æž¡ãããããã®ã§ããã詳现ã«ã€ããŠã¯èšéãã¯ãã«ç©ºéã®é
ãåç
§ããããã
å
ç©ã®å
¬çãé©åœã«åŒ±ããããšã«ãããå
ç©ãäžè¬åããæŠå¿µãèããããšãã§ããã
å
ç©ãšæãé¢é£æ§ã®é«ãäžè¬åã¯ãåç·åæ§ãå
±è»å¯Ÿç§°æ§ã¯ãã®ãŸãŸã«ãæ£å®å€æ§ã«é¢ããèŠè«ã匱ãããã®ã§ããããã¯ãã«ç©ºé V ãšãã®äžã®åæ£å®å€ååç·ååœ¢åŒ âš,â© ã«å¯ŸããŠãåå
ã¯æå³ãæã¡ãâ x â = 0 ã x = 0 ãå°ããªãããšä»¥å€ã¯ãã«ã ã®æ§è³ªããã¹ãŠæºè¶³ãã(ãã®ãããªæ±åœæ°ã¯åãã«ã ãšåŒã°ãã)ãåç·å空é W = V/{x : â x â = 0} ãèãããšãååç·ååœ¢åŒ âš,⩠㯠W äžã®å
ç©ãèªå°ããã
ãã®ãããªå
ç©ç©ºéã®æ§ææ³ã¯æ§ã
ãªå Žé¢ã§çšããããç¹ã«éèŠãªäŸã¯ã²ã«ãã¡ã³ã=ãã€ãã«ã¯=ã·ãŒã¬ã«æ§ææ³ã§ãããã»ãã«ãä»»æã®éåäžã®åæ£å®å€æ žåœæ°(è±èªç)ã®è¡šçŸãªã©ãäŸã«æããããã
å¥ãªæ¹åã§ã®äžè¬åã¯ã(æ£å®å€æ§ãèœãšããŠ)察ä»ããååãåã«ééååç·å圢åŒã§ããããã«ãããã®ã§ãããããã¯åéé¶å
x ã¯é©åœãª y ãåã£ãŠ âšx, yâ© â 0 ãšããããšã(y = x ã§ãªããŠããããã)ã§ãããšããããšã§ãããå³ã¡å察空éã«åŒãèµ·ããããåå V â V* ãåå°ãšããããšã§ããããã®äžè¬åã¯åŸ®å幟äœåŠã§éèŠã§ããããªãŒãã³å€æ§äœã¯åæ¥ç©ºéãå
ç©ãæã€å€æ§äœã§ããããããã匱ããŠééåå
±è»å¯Ÿç§°åœ¢åŒãæã€å Žåãèãããã®ã¯æ¬ãªãŒãã³å€æ§äœã§ãããã·ã«ãã¹ã¿ãŒã®æ
£æ§æ³åã«ããã°ãä»»æã®å
ç©ããã¯ãã«ã®éåäžã®æ£å€è·éãæã€ç¹ä¹ç©ã«çžäŒŒã§ããã®ãšåæ§ã«ãä»»æã®ééåå
±è»å¯Ÿç§°åœ¢åŒã¯ãã¯ãã«ã®éåäžã®éé¶è·éãæã€ç¹ä¹ç©ã«çžäŒŒã«ãªãããŸããã®ãšãæ£ããã³è² ã®è·éã®åæ°ã¯ããããæ£ããã³è² ã®ææ°ãšåŒã°ããããã³ã³ãã¹ããŒç©ºéã«ããããã¯ãã«ã®ç©ã¯ãäžå®å€å
ç©ãã®äŸã ããæè¡çãªèšãæ¹ãããã°ãããã¯äžã§è¿°ã¹ãæšæºçãªå®çŸ©ã«åŸããå
ç©ãã§ã¯ãªãããã³ã³ãã¹ããŒç©ºéã¯å®å次å
ã§ãåç¬Šå· (±) ã®ææ°ã¯ 3 ããã³ 1 (ç¬Šå·æ° (3,1)})ã§ããã
(æ£å®å€æ§ã«è§Šããªã)çŽä»£æ°çãªäž»åŒµã¯ãµã€ãééåæ§(åå°æºåå V â V*) ã®ã¿ã«äŸåããŠæ±ºãŸããããã«ããäžè¬ã®ç¶æ³ã«ãããŠãæç«ããã
ãå
ç©ã(inner) ãšããèªã¯ãå€ç©ã(outer) ã®å察ãšããæå³ã§ã®åç§°ã ããå€ç©ã¯(ãã£ã¡ãå察ãšããããã¯)ããå°ãåºãç¶æ³ã§èããããšãã§ãããç°¡åã®ãã座æšããšã£ãŠãå
ç©ã 1Ãn ãäœããã¯ãã«ãš nÃ1 ãã¯ãã«ãšã®ç©ãšèŠããšãããã㯠1Ã1 è¡å(ã€ãŸãã¹ã«ã©ãŒ)ãäžããããå€ç©ã¯ mÃ1 ãã¯ãã«ãš 1Ãn äœãã¯ãã«ãæã㊠mÃn è¡åãåŸããããããã§æ³šæãã¹ãã¯ãå
ç©ã¯åãæ¬¡å
ã®ãã¯ãã«ãšäœãã¯ãã«ãšã®ç©ã§ãªããšãããªãããå€ç©ã¯çžç°ãªã次å
ã®äœãã¯ãã«ãšãã¯ãã«ãæããããšãã§ããç¹ã§ãããæ¬¡å
ãåãã§ããå Žåãå
ç©ã¯å€ç©ã®ãã¬ãŒã¹ã«äžèŽãã(ãã¬ãŒã¹ããšããã®ã¯æ£æ¹è¡åã ããªã®ã§ã次å
ãç°ãªãå Žåã¯èå¯ã§ããªã)ã
å
ç©ãããã¯ããäžè¬ã«äžå®å€å
ç©ãæã€(åŸã£ãŠåå V â V* ãæã€)ãã¯ãã«ç©ºéäžã§ã¯ããã¯ãã«ãäœãã¯ãã«ã«ããããšãã§ãã(座æšããšã£ãŠèãããªãã°ã転眮ããšãããšã«çžåœãã)ãããå
ç©ããã³å€ç©ã¯åçŽã«ãã¯ãã«ãšäœãã¯ãã«ãšã®ç©ã§ã¯ãªããŠããã¯ãã«å士ã®ç©ãšããŠæããããšãã§ãããããæœè±¡çã«è¿°ã¹ãã°ãå€ç©ã¯ãã¯ãã«ãšäœãã¯ãã«ãšã®å¯Ÿãéæ° 1 ã®ç·åååãžåãåç·ååå W à V* â Hom(V,W)(ããªãã¡ (1,1)-ååçŽãã³ãœã«(è±èªç))ã§ãããå
ç©ã¯äœãã¯ãã«ã®ãã¯ãã«ã«ãããå€ãè©äŸ¡ããåç·åãªè©äŸ¡åå V* à V â F ã§ãããããã§ãåååã®å®çŸ©åã«ãããŠçŽç©ããšãé çªã¯ãäœãã¯ãã«ãšãã¯ãã«ãšã®åºå¥ãåæ ããŠããããšã«æ³šæã
äžèšã®å
ç©ãšå€ç©ã«å¯ŸããŠãæ··åããã¹ãã§ã¯ãªãããã䌌ãç©ãšããŠå
éšç©(è±èªç) (interior) ãšå€(éš)ç© (exterior) ãšããã®ãããã¯ãã«å Žã埮å圢åŒã«å¯Ÿããããããã¯ããäžè¬ã«å€ç©ä»£æ°ã«ãããæŒç®ãšããŠå®çŸ©ããããããã«ãããããããšã«ã幟äœä»£æ°(è±èªç)ã«ãããŠãå
ç© (inner) ãš(ã°ã©ã¹ãã³)å€ç© (exterior) ã¯å¹Ÿäœç©(ã¯ãªãã©ãŒãç·åç°ã«ãããã¯ãªãã©ãŒãç©)ã«çµ±åããã(å
ç©ã¯äºã€ã®ãã¯ãã« (1-éãã¯ãã«) ãã¹ã«ã©ãŒ (0-éãã¯ãã«) ãžåããå€ç©ã¯äºã€ã®ãã¯ãã«ãäºéãã¯ãã« (2-éãã¯ãã«) ãžåã)ããããŠãã®æèã«ãããŠã°ã©ã¹ãã³ç©ã¯ãµã€ãã¯ãå€ç©ã(outer)(ãããã¯ãŠã§ããžç©)ãšåŒã°ãããŸããã®æèã§ã®å
ç©ã¯(èããäºæ¬¡åœ¢åŒãå¿
ãããæ£å®å€ã§ããããšãèŠæ±ãããªããšããæå³ã§ã¯ãå
ç©ãã§ãªãã®ã§)ã¹ã«ã©ãŒç©ãšåŒã¶ã®ã圢åŒäžã¯ããé©åã§ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%85%E7%A9%8D
|
8,054 |
ãã¯ãã«ã®ãªãè§
|
å¹³é¢ã空éäžã§ã¯ããµãã€ã®ãã¯ãã«ã®ãªãè§ã¯å³åœ¢çã«æ±ããããšãã§ããã ãããŠãã¯ãã«ã¯ããã«ãå³åœ¢ãšã¯ç¡é¢ä¿ãªãã¯ãã«ã«äžè¬åããããããã®äžè¬çãªãã¯ãã«ã§ãäºã€ã®ãã¯ãã«ã®ãªãè§ãå®çŸ©ããããšãã§ããããã«ã¯ãã¯ãã«ã®é·ããšå
ç©ãçšããã
ä»»æã®é¶ã§ãªããã¯ãã« x , y {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x}},{\boldsymbol {y}}} ã«ã€ããŠã次ã®å€ããã¯ãã«ã®ãªãè§ãšãªãã
âšx, y⩠㯠x, y ã®å
ç©ã||x|| 㯠x ã®ãã«ã (é·ã)ã§ãããäž»å€ã¯ 0 ⊠Ξ âŠ Ï ãšããã®ãæ®éã§ããã
ãã¯ãã«ã®ãªãè§ã 0 ã®å Žåãäºã€ã®ãã¯ãã«ã¯äžæ¬¡åŸå±ããªãã¡æ¹åãåãã§ãããÏ/2 ã®å Žåã¯çŽäº€ããã
ãã¯ãã«ã®ãªãè§ Îž ã®äœåŒŠã§ããæ¬¡ã®å€ããã¯ãã«ã®é¡äŒŒåºŠãšããŠã以äžãå®çŸ©ããã
ãã®å€ã¯0ãã1ã®éã®å€ãåããã2ã€ã®ãã¯ãã«x, yã®åããçãã(äžæ¬¡åŸå±)ã»ã©1ã«è¿ã¥ããé¡äŒŒããŠããããšãåããã
nåã®èŠçŽ ããã€ããŒã¿ãn次ã®ãã¯ãã«ç©ºéã«èœãšã蟌ã¿ãããããã©ãã ãé¡äŒŒããŠããããæ¯ã¹ãã®ã«ãã®æ§è³ªãå©çšãããããšããããç¹ã«ã³ãµã€ã³é¡äŒŒåºŠ(è±: Cosine similarity)ãšåŒã°ããã ãã®é¡äŒŒåºŠãé«éã«ç®åºããã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã«MinHash(è±èªç)ãªã©ããããæç« éã®é¡äŒŒåºŠå€å®ãªã©ã«çšããããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AA%E3%81%99%E8%A7%92
|
8,055 |
åå°é§
|
åå°é§
(ã¯ã€ã ããã)ã¯ãæ±äº¬éœæžè°·åºåå°äžäžç®ã«ããã京çé»é京çç·(äº¬çæ°ç·)ã®é§
ã§ãããäº¬çæ±ç®¡åºæå±ãé§
çªå·ã¯KO02ã
å代ã®é§
åã§ãããæ¹æ£æ©ãã¯ãç·è·¯ä»è¿ã®çå·äžæ°Žã«æ¶ãã£ãŠããæ©ã«ã¡ãªãã§ãããçŸåšãä»è¿ã®çå·äžæ°Žã¯ææž åãããŠãããããæ®ãããŠããæ¹æ£æ©ã®èŠªæ±ã»æ¬å¹²ã¯ã¢ãã¥ã¡ã³ãã§ããã
çŸåšã®é§
åã§ãããåå°ãã¯ãæ¹ç§°åœæã®é§
ååŽã®å°åã®å°åãæžè°·åºä»£ã
æšåå°çºãããããŠããã
å°åã®ç±æ¥ã¯ã代ã
æšæã«å€ªç°éçãäœã£ã8ãæã®ç Šã®å
ãäžã®ç Š(çŒç
å°)ã®ãã£ãå Žæãããåå°ãšåŒã°ããããã«ãªã£ããšããããããã®å°ã«æ±æžå¹åºäºä»£å°è»åŸ³å·ç§å¿ ã®ä¹³æ¯ã§ãã£ãåäºæåã®åŠ»ãã埳å·å®¶åº·é¢æ±è»¢å°çŽåŸã®1591幎(倩æ£19幎)ã«ãã®å°ã«200ç³ãæé ããããšããããåå°å±(ã¯ã€ã ãã®ã€ãŒã)ããšåä¹ãããã«ãªã£ããåå°å±ã®åšã§ãäžä»£å°è»åŸ³å·å®¶å
ã®ä¹³æ¯ã®æ¢
åå±ãæ¯ã®è©æå¯ºãšããŠãæ£æ¥å¯ºããçŸåšã®æžè°·åºä»£ã
æšäžäžç®ãåœæã®ä»£ã
æšæå±±è°·(代ã
æšæåå°ã§ã¯ãªã)ã«åµå»ºããã
éŠéœé«é4å·æ°å®¿ç·ãšåœé20å·(ç²å·è¡é)ã®å°äžã«äœçœ®ããããŒã ã¯äžãç·ãšäžãç·ã§äºå±€æ§é ãšãªã£ãŠãããå°äž2éãäžãç·ãå°äž3éãäžãç·ã§ãããéæ®µã¯æ°å®¿å¯ããšå¹¡ã¶è°·å¯ãã®2ãæã«ããããšã¹ã«ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒãèšçœ®ããŠãããå ããŠæ°å®¿å¯ãã«ã¯ãšã¬ããŒã¿ãŒãèšçœ®ããŠããã
äº¬çæ°ç·ã®å»ºèš(京çç·åå° - 笹å¡éé£ç¶ç«äœäº€å·®äºæ¥å«ã)ãšéŠéœé«é4å·ç·ã®å·¥äºãéãªã£ãããšããã建èšå·¥äºã¯éŠéœé«ééè·¯å
¬å£(åœæ)ã«å§èšãããåœé§
ã¯éŠéœé«ã®é«æ¶æ©(æ©è)ãåœé20å·ã®äžå€®ã«ããããšããããããé¿ããããã«äžäžäºå±€æ§é ã®ãã³ãã«ãšãªã£ããã®ã§ããã
幡ã¶è°·å¯ãã®é段ãäžãããšå°äž1éã®äžå€®å£ã§ãæ¹æå
ã«ãã€ã¬ãããããã®äžå€®å£ã西åãã«åºããšå°äžèªç±éè·¯ããããå³ã«è¡ãã°ç²å·è¡éã®ååŽã«åºãåå£ãå·Šã«è¡ãã°ååŽã«åºãåå£ã§ãããåå£ã¯æ°åœç«åå Žã«çŽçµããå°äžåŒã®é§èŒªå Žãšãã€ãªãã£ãŠããã
æ°å®¿å¯ãã®æ¹æå£ã¯æ±å£ã§ãæ±äº¬ãªãã©ã·ãã£ã«çŽçµããŠãããæ±å£ã¯ãªãã©ã·ãã£ã®å¶æ¥æéã«åãããŠ7æ30åãã23æ30åãŸã§å©çšã§ãããæ±å£èªäœãšãªãã©ã·ãã£å€ã«éããåºå£ã¯åé»ãã24æãŸã§å©çšã§ãããäžå€®å£ã¯å°äžé§
åãšåæã«èšçœ®ãæ±å£ã¯æ±äº¬ãªãã©ã·ãã£ããã®èŠæã«ãã£ãŠèšçœ®ãããã®ã§ãããæ±å£èšçœ®åã¯ãçŸåšã®äžå€®å£ã鿥æããã®æ¹æå£ãšãªã£ãŠããã
1978幎10æ31æ¥ãæ°å®¿ ㌠笹å¡éè€ã
ç·åã«ããç²å·è¡éçŽäžã®ç·å¢éš(äº¬çæ°ç·)åŽã«ããŒã ãç§»èšããããã®éã«çžæš¡åç·ã®å¿«éã»éå¿«ãæ°ç·æ°å®¿çºçã«æ¯ãæ¿ããåœé§
ãåè»é§
ãšããã»ããæ°å®¿é§
1 - 3çªç·(京çç·æ°å®¿é§
)çºçãšãªã京çç·åŽã¯å¹¡ã¶è°·é§
ãšåæ§ã«åé§
åè»ãå«ãå
šåè»ãééãšãªã£ãã
ãã®åŸã京çç·åŽã®æ§ããŒã ã¯ä¿ç·è³æçœ®ãå Žãè³ææ¬å
¥å£åã³ãã³ãã«ã®ç·æ¥é¿é£è·¯ãé§
ã¡ã³ããã³ã¹çšã®éè·¯ãšããŠãããä»ã§ãééããè»äžããèŠãããšãã§ãããæ°ããŒã ã«ãããåºå£äœçœ®ã®åãã¯ã京çç·åŽã®æ§ããŒã ãžç¹ããé§
èã»ã³ã³ã³ãŒã¹ãç¶æããŠäº¬çæ°ç·åŽãžæ¥ç¶ããåæ®ã§ããããªããæ§ããŒã ãžã®éè·¯ã¯ã³ã³ã¯ãªãŒãã§å¡ãããŠãããçŸåšç«ã¡å
¥ãäºã¯åºæ¥ãªãã
å°äžæä»£ã¯çžå¯ŸåŒããŒã ã§ãã£ãã1964幎6æ7æ¥ããå°äžåã18ã¡ãŒãã«6䞡線æå¯Ÿå¿ã®å³¶åŒããŒã ã§åé§
åè»ã ããæ¢ãŸãé§
ã§ãã£ãã
é§
ããŒã èã«é颚å£ããããããã¯äº¬çæ°ç·åŽã«ããŒã ãç§»èšããåœåãåè»æ¥è¿æã®é¢šå§ãåé¡ãšãªã£ãããã颚ãéããããã«åŸããèšçœ®ãããã®ã§ããã
2022幎床ã®1æ¥å¹³åä¹é人å¡ã¯49,640人ã§ããã
è¿å¹Žã®1æ¥å¹³åä¹é人å¡ãšä¹è»äººå¡ã®æšç§»ã¯äžè¡šã®éãã§ããã
é§
æåšå°ã®æžè°·åºãšæ°å®¿åºã®åºå¢ã«è¿æ¥ããŠãããäžèšã«ããäŒæ¥ãæœèšã«ãã£ãŠã¯æ°å®¿åºåŽã«ååšãããã®ãããã
é§
ã®æ±åŽã«ãæ±äº¬ãªãã©ã·ãã£åããšãæ°åœç«åå ŽåãåçæãããããªããåŸè
ã«ã€ããŠã¯éœå¶ãã¹ãé€ããåå°é§
å
¥å£ãã䜵ããŠè¡šèšããŠããã
ãŸããããå
¬ãã¹æ¥ã®å°å·ã«ãŒã(æ¬çºã»ç¬¹å¡åŸªç°)ã®ã¿ãåè»ããããªãã©éãããšãæ°åœç«åå Ž(埪ç°ã®éœåäž2ãæ)ãããããããå
¬ãã¹ã®åçæåã¯ãåããä»ããªããæ°åœç«åå Žãã§ããã
ãã®ä»ãäžå€®å£ã®ååŽã«ãåå°é§
ãåçæãããã
1953幎ãã1980幎代åŸåãŸã§ãçŸåšæ±äº¬ãªãã©ã·ãã£ãããæ·å°ã®äžéšã«ã京çåžéœãã¹æ°å®¿å¶æ¥æãããã£ãã詳现ã¯ã京çé»éãã¹#ãã€ãŠååšããå¶æ¥æããåç
§ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E5%8F%B0%E9%A7%85
|
8,061 |
é«ééè·¯
|
é«ééè·¯(ããããã©ãããæ¥æ¬ã«ãããè±èªè¡šèšã¯expressway)ãšã¯è¿
éãªäº€éç§»åãéæããããšãäž»ç®çã«ããéè·¯ã§ããäž»ã«èªåè»ãé«éãã€å®å
šã«èµ°è¡ã§ãããããªæ§é ã«ãªã£ãŠãããåœãå°åã®é路網ã®äžã§åºå¹¹çãªåœ¹å²ãæ
ãããšãå€ãã
é«ééè·¯ãšã¯äº€å·®ç¹ããªãããªã©ã®åºå
¥ãå£ã»åæµç®æå¶éã®å®æœããäžäžåé¢ããããšã§é«éèµ°è¡ãå¯èœãšããéè·¯ã®ããšã§ãããåœãå°åã«ãã£ãŠåç§°ãèŠæ Œãªã©ã¯ç°ãªã£ãŠãããé«ééè·¯ã®åœ¹å²ãšããŠã¯åœãå°åã®é路網ã®äžæ žãæ
ã圹å²ãæ
ã£ãŠããããŸããå¹³è¡ããŠèµ°ãäžè¬éè·¯ã®æžæ»ç·©åã®å¹æããããå
·äœçãªå®å
šå®çŸã®äŸãšããŠäžè¬éè·¯ãšã¯åºå
¥å£ã«ãã£ãŠéãŠãããšã§æ©è¡è
ãé«éã§ã®ç§»åãäžå¯èœãªå°åè»äž¡ã®é²å
¥ãé²ããªã©ã®å·¥å€«ãæããããã
äžçã§æåã«é«ééè·¯ã建èšãããåœã¯1924幎ã®ã€ã¿ãªã¢ã§ã次ãã§ã¢ã¡ãªã«ãšç¶ãããã®åŸäžçååœã§é«ééè·¯ã建èšãããã
é«ééè·¯ã®åç§°ã¯ãäžçååœã§ç°ãªã£ãŠããããã€ãã»ãªãŒã¹ããªã¢ã¯ãã¢ãŠãããŒã³ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã»ãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ã¯ãããªãŒãŠã§ã€ããã«ããã¯ããã©ã³ã¹ã«ãããã€ãŠã§ã€ãããã©ã³ã¹ã¯ããªãŒãã«ãŒãããã€ã®ãªã¹ã¯ãã¢ãŒã¿ãŒãŠã§ã€ããã€ã¿ãªã¢ã¯ãã¢ãŠãã¹ãã©ãŒãããšåŒãã§ãããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ä¿ã«ããã€ãŠã§ã€ããšåŒã°ããããšãããã
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯é«éèªåè»åœéãšåºçŸ©ã®èªåè»å°çšéè·¯(éœåžé«ééè·¯ãªã©ãå«ã)ãšãæããŠãé«ééè·¯ããšäœçœ®ä»ããŠããã
建èšã»éå¶ã«é¢ããŠã¯åœå亀é倧è£ãå
飿±ºè°ãçµãŠäºåã»åç¥ãè¡ã矩åãæããã
é«éèªåè»åœéãšèªåè»å°çšéè·¯ã§ã¯ãæ§é èŠæ Œãéè¡è»äž¡å¶éãé床å¶éãªã©ãç°ãªãã
倧éœåžåå
ã®ç§»åãç®çãšããé«ééè·¯ã¯éœåžé«ééè·¯ãšåŒã°ãããéœåžé«ééè·¯ã§ã¯çšå°ååŸãªã©ã«å¶çŽãå€ããéœåžéãçµã¶éè·¯ãšæ¯èŒãããšç·åœ¢ãæªãé床èŠå¶ãå³ããå Žåãå€ããéœåžé«ééè·¯ã®åœ¹å²ãšããŠã¯éœåžéãçµã¶éè·¯ãšã¯ç°ãªããéå€ã»éåŠãè²·ãç©ãªã©ã®æ¥åžžçãªå©çšãå€ããšãããŠããã
è·¯é¢ã«é¢ããŠã¯ç¹æ®ãªæºãå¹åžå å·¥ãæœããŠé³ãåºããæå³çã«ç²ãè·¯é¢ã«ããããšã§å±
ç ãé転ãéè¡ãèš±å¯ãããç¯å²ãéžè±ããéè¡ãžã®èŠåã瀺ãçã®å¯ŸçãæœãããŠããããšãããã(ã©ã³ãã«ã¹ããªããã¹ãé«èŒåºŠã¬ãŒã³ããŒã¯(åæš:ãã€ãã©ã©ã€ã³)ãªã©)
ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ãããŠã¯1956幎(æå31幎)ã«æ¿èªããé£éŠè£å©é«ééè·¯æ³ã«ããå·éé«ééè·¯ç¶²ãæŽåããããåå·éé«ééè·¯ã«ã¯ããããåå¥ã®è·¯ç·çªå·ãä»å ãããŠãããå·éé«ééè·¯XXå·ç· (IH-XX; Interstate Highway XX) ãããã¯åã«å·ééXXå·ç· (I-XX; Interstate XX) ãšè¡šèšãããã
ãã€ãã«ã¯èªè»¢è»å°çšã®é«ééè·¯ããããéè·¯ã«ã¯ä¿¡å·æ©ãå¹åžããªããçŸåšééããŠããã®ã¯ãã¥ã€ã¹ãã«ã¯ãããŒãã ããã çãã€ã西éšã®10éœåžãš4倧åŠãçµã¶èšç»ã®éè·¯(100 km以äž)ã®ãã¡5 kmã§ãåéè·¯ã®å€§éšåã¯ç·è·¯(çŸåšäžäœ¿çš)ã«æ²¿ã£ãŠå»ºèšãããäºå®ããã®ä»ã«ã2ã€ã®èªè»¢è»çšé«ééè·¯ãèšç»ãããŠããä»ã2ã€ã®èªè»¢è»çšé«ééè·¯ããå®çŸå¯èœæ§ã®èª¿æ»ããè¡ãããŠããã
1908幎ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ãããŠäžçåã®èªåè»å°çšéè·¯ãšããããã³ã°ã»ã¢ã€ã©ã³ãã»ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã»ããŒã¯ãŠã§ã€(Long Island Motor Parkway)ããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã§ééããŠããã1920幎代ã«å
¥ããšããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã®ããŒã¯ãŠã§ã€ã¯ãã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã®ãã¹ã¿ãŒãã«ããŒãšåŒã°ãããããŒãã»ã¢ãŒãŒã¹ã«ãã£ãŠåºãç¯å²ãžãšæ¡å€§ãé²ãããããã¢ãŒãŒã¹ã¯ããŒã¯ãŠã§ã€ããã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœãèªåè»æå瀟äŒãžãšçºå±ãããããã®éå
·ã§ãããæ··éã®æ¿ããéœåžå°åãããã³ã°ã»ã¢ã€ã©ã³ãã®éçºéäžå°åãžãšäººå£ã忣ãããããã®ææ®µã§ãããšäœçœ®ã¥ããç©æ¥µçãªæ¡å€§æ¹çãæ¡ã£ãã
åæã®é«ééè·¯ã¯è»äºç®çã®åŽé¢ã匷ãã£ã(ã¢ãŠãããŒã³ã¯æ»èµ°è·¯ãšããŠã䜿ãããšãæ€èšããã)ããæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«çµæžçºå±ã®ç®çã匷ããªã£ãŠãã£ãã
ãã€ãã§ã¯ã1932幎ã«ã¢ãŠãããŒã³ã®ãã³ - ã±ã«ã³ç·ãåééãã1933幎ã«ã¢ãã«ãã»ããã©ãŒãæ¿æš©ã«ã€ããšãç¬¬äžæ¬¡äžç倧æŠã§èªåè»ã掻èºããããšãèæ¯ã«ãã¢ãŠãããŒã³ã®å»ºèšèšç»ãæšãé²ããããç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåãŸã§ã«3859ããã¡ãŒãã« (km) ã®é«éé路網ã宿ãããŠãã£ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯ã1940幎ã«ãã³ã·ã«ããã¢å·ã®ãã³ã·ã«ããã¢ã»ã¿ãŒã³ãã€ã¯ééãç®åãã«é«ééè·¯æä»£ã«å
¥ããç®èŠãŸããçºå±ãã¿ããŠããããšãšãªã£ãããŸããäžçã§ã¯éè·¯å
é²åœã§ãããªãããé«ééè·¯ã§ã¯äžæ©åŸããåã£ãŠããã€ã®ãªã¹ã§ã¯ãæ¬æ Œçãªé«éé路建èšãå§ããããã®ã¯1957幎以éã®ããšã§ãã£ãã
äžæ¹ã§ãæ¥æ¬ã®éè·¯äºæ
ã¯æ¬§ç±³è«žåœã«å€§ããé
ãããšã£ãŠããããæŠåŸã®é«åºŠçµæžæé·æã«ããã1963幎(æå38幎)7æ16æ¥ã«ãæ¥æ¬åãšãªãé«éèªåè»åœéãšããŠãåç¥é«ééè·¯ã®æ æ±IC - å°ŒåŽICãééããã
ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®å·éé«éé路網ã¯é·ããäžçæé·ã®é«ééè·¯ã§ãã£ãããæ¥éã«ã€ã³ãã©æŽåãæšãé²ããäžåœã®é«ééè·¯ã®ç·å»¶é·ã2011幎ã«äžçæé·ã«ãªã£ãã
é«ééè·¯ã¯é«éèµ°è¡ã容æã«ãããããèšèšäžã«ãŒãã®æ²çãåŸé
(ã¢ããããŠã³)ãç·©åããç·åœ¢ãšããŠããããŸãã察åè»ç·ã®èªåè»ãšã®è¡çªããããããã«äžå€®åé¢åž¯ãèšããããããšããããæ
éããå Žåã«åè»ã§ããããã«è·¯è©ã®ã¹ããŒã¹ãåºãèšããããŠããå Žåãå€ãã
é«ééè·¯ã¯ååãšããŠä¿¡å·æ©ã亀差ç¹ã極åèšããªããªã©ä»ã®éè·¯ãšã¯ç¬ç«ããŠãããä»ã®éè·¯ãééãšã¯ç«äœäº€å·®ãããŠãããé«ééè·¯ãžã®æµå
¥ã¯äº€å·®ç¹ãçšãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã³ãž(IC)ãçšããããŸãä¿¡å·æ©ã䜿çšããªããç¹ã«é«ééè·¯å士ã§ã®äº€å·®ã¯ããžã£ã³ã¯ã·ã§ã³(JCT)ãšåŒã°ããã
ãã®ãã髿¶ãçåãªã©ã®æ§é ç©ã建èšããŠããã®äžã«äœãããå Žåããããå±±ééšã®ãããªå°åœ¢ã§ã¯ããã³ãã«ãå€çšãããã
é«ééè·¯ã§ã¯é§åè»ãã§ããªãã®ã§ãããŒãã³ã°ãšãªã¢(PA)ããµãŒãã¹ãšãªã¢(SA)ãšãã£ãäŒæ©ã¹ããŒã¹ãã¬ãœãªã³ã¹ã¿ã³ããªã©ãèšããããŠããããµãŒãã¹ãšãªã¢ãªã©ã§ã¯é§è»ããäŒæ©ãé£äºãªã©ãè¡ããã»ããå°åã®ãã¿ãããã®ãªã©ã賌å
¥ã§ããã
é«ééè·¯ã®ç®¡çã¯ãã®é«ééè·¯ã«ãã£ãŠæ§ã
ã§ãããäºæ¥äž»äœãç°ãªãããã å
šäœçã«èŠãåŸåã§ã¯ãæ¿åºã®ç®¡çäžã«ãããã®ãå€ãã
éçºéäžåœã«ãããŠã¯å»ºèšè²»ã®è²¡æºãšããŠäžçéè¡ãæ¿åºéçºæŽå©ã«ããèè³ãåããŠãå
Œ
±äºæ¥ãšããŠè¡ãããããšãå€ã
ãã(æ¥æ¬ã«ãããŠãåç¥é«ééè·¯ãªã©ãäžçéè¡ã®èè³ã«ãã£ãŠæŽåããã)ã
é«ééè·¯ã¯åºå
¥ãå£å¶éãããŠããããã«æéã城åããå Žåããããæéã«ã€ããŠã¯æ¥æ¬ã®ããã«ææã ã£ããã®ãäœäŸ¡æ ŒåããŠããå Žåãããã°ããã€ãã®ããã«é·å¹Žç¡æã ã£ããã®ãæé城åãå§ããã±ãŒã¹ããããªã©æ§ã
ã§ãããææã®å Žåã§ã¯ITSã®å°å
¥ã®äžç°ãšããŠãæé城åæã§ã®æžæ»ãç·©åããããã«ç¡ç·éä¿¡ã«ããèªåæéååã·ã¹ãã (ETCãªã©)ã®å°å
¥ãé²ãã§ããã
ææã®å Žåãšç¡æã®å Žåãããããã€ããªã©ã§ã®ã¢ãŠãããŒã³ãã€ã®ãªã¹ãªã©ã§ã®ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒãŠã§ã€ã§ã¯åºæ¬çã«ç¡æã§ããããŸãã¢ã¡ãªã«ããªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ã®ããªãŒãŠã§ã€ãåºæ¬çã«ç¡æã§ããã
1kmãããã®é«éæéãäžçååœãšæ¯èŒãããšãæ¥æ¬ã¯äžçã§æãé«éæéãé«ãåœã§ããã以äžã«äž»èŠåœã®æéãæ²ç€ºããã(2019幎7ææç¹ã®ã¬ãŒãã§ç®åº)
ãã©ã³ã¹ã®ãªãŒãã«ãŒãããéè·¯ã¯ç¡æããšããååã«åºã¥ããã®ã§ããããé«ééè·¯æ³ã«ãã£ãŠèš±å¯äŒç€Ÿ(SEMãªã©)ãææã§éè·¯ã建èšã§ãããšããããããäºå®äžææå¶ãæ¡ãããŠããããã ããå
Œ
±æ§ã®èгç¹ããç¡æã§ããã¹ãéè·¯ãæ©èœäžéèŠãªè·¯ç·ãããããéœåžå
é«ééè·¯ãæž¯æ¹Ÿéè·¯ãåœå¢è¿éã®éè·¯ã¯ç¡æã§ããã
ããŒã©ã³ãã®ã¢ãŠãã¹ãã©ãŒããååç¡æã§ãããããã«å¯Ÿããã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®ã¢ãŠãã¹ãã©ãŒãã¯ææã§ããã
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯å°æ¹ã®è·¯ç·ãªã©ã§äžéšç¡æã®å Žåãããããäžè¬ã«ææã§ãããæ°äž»å
ã¯é«ééè·¯ç¡æåããããã§ã¹ãã§æå±ãã2010幎床ã«ã¯é«ééè·¯ç¡æå瀟äŒå®éšãäžéšè·¯ç·ã§å®æœãããããããæ±æ¥æ¬å€§éçœã®åŸ©æ§è²»çšããŸããªãããã«ã2011幎6æ19æ¥ããã£ãŠçµäºããäžæåçµãšãªã£ãã
é«ééè·¯ã¯äžè¬éè·¯ãšæ¯èŒãããšç·åœ¢ãªã©ã®æ¡ä»¶ãè¯å¥œã§ã亀差ç¹ãªã©ãå°ãªããã亀é¯ããå±éºæ§ãå°ãªãããšããäžè¬éããèµ°ããããäºæ
ã®çºççãã®ãã®ã¯äœããããããæŠåã«ã¯åŒŸäžžéè·¯ãšäŸããããã»ã©ã®é«éèµ°è¡äžã§ã®äºæ
ãšãªãããã«æ»äº¡äºæ
ãªã©ã®éå€§äºæ
ãšãªãããããšãã£ãåé¡ãããã
äºæ
åå ã®äžäŸãšããŠé«ééè·¯ã§ã¯çŽç·åºéãé·ãç¶ãç¶æ³äžã«ç±æ¥ããå¬ç çŸè±¡ããããçŸè±¡ã®åœ±é¿ã«ããé転è
ã«ã¯ç æ°ãå¬ããæãã¯çŸå®æã®åªå€±çãšãã£ãçç¶ãèªããããçµæãšããŠäº€éäºæ
ã«ã€ãªããèŠå ãšãªãåŸãã
äºæ
鲿¢çãšããŠæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯çŽç·éè·¯ã建èšãå¯èœãªå°åœ¢ã§ãã£ãŠãæå³çã«ã«ãŒãéšåãé ãçã®å¯Ÿçããšãå Žåããããããã¯éè·¯ã®çŽç·ãæžãããŠé£ç¶ããç·©ãããªã«ãŒããäœãããšã«ãã£ãŠé¢šæ¯ã«å€åãæããããã©ã€ããŒã®éäžåãæç¶ããã广ãçããã®ã§ããããŸãéå°ãªé床ã§ã®éè¡ãæå¶ããç®çãããã æ¥æ¬ã®é«ééè·¯ã®å€ãã®åºéã¯ãããããç·©ãããªã«ãŒããé£ç¶ãããŠããããšãå€ããçŽç²ãªçŽç·åºéã¯å°ãªããããããèšèšææ³ã¯ãé«ééè·¯ã®å
é²å°ã§ãããã€ãã®ã¢ãŠãããŒã³ã®æè¡ãå°å
¥ãããŠããã
倧éžèŠæš¡ã®é«ééè·¯
æ°ããéè·¯ã建é ãããšæ¬¡ã®ãããªçŽæ¥ã»éæ¥ã®ããšãèµ·ããäºé
žåççŽ æåºé(ã«ãŒãã³ãããããªã³ã)ãå¢ãããšããã
éè·¯ã®å»ºé ã«äŒŽãäºé
žåççŽ ã®æåºéã®å¢å ãæå¶ããã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªããšãå¿
èŠã«ãªããšããã
çµæžå¹æãæåŸ
ããŠåéã§é«ééè·¯ã建èšãããšãã®åéãéè·ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããåœã®çµæžãæãå·®ããªããªãç¶æ³ã«é¥ãããšããããã€ã³ãã¯é«ééè·¯ã®å»ºèšã®ããã«2014幎-2015幎ã«èšå€§ãªåéãè¡ã£ãŠããŸãã2020幎1æã«ã¯ãåéã®çœ ãã«é¥ãããã«ãªã£ãŠããããšåæãããã
1929幎以éã§ç±³åœã®çµæžæé·çãæãé«ãã£ãã®ã¯1950幎代ãš1960幎代ã ã£ãããã®ææã«ã¯å€§èŠæš¡ãªé«ééè·¯ç¶²ã®æ§ç¯ã«å€é¡ã®æ¿åºæ¯åºããªãããã
2015幎æç¹ã§ããããçµæžåŠè
ã®ãããŒãã»ã·ã©ãŒã2015幎æç¹ã®ç±³åœã®30幎ã€ã³ãã¬é£ååµã®å©çã0.86%ãšã®ç¶æ³ãèŠãŠè¿°ã¹ããšããã«ãããšããã®æç¹ã§ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«æ¿åºã¯ãéãåããŠæ°ããé«ééè·¯ã建é ããè¯ãæ©äŒã§ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§é«ééè·¯ã建èšããã°å¥å
šãªæè³ã«ãªããšèª¬æããã(ãã®åŸç¶æ³ã¯äžå€ãã2020幎æ¥ã«ã¯äžççãªã³ããçŠãèµ·ããäžççµæžã¯äºæ³å€ã®ç¶æ³ã«ãªã£ããæ°å¹Žéãå€ãã®åœã§å€åºçŠæ¢ä»€ãçºä»€ãããé«ééè·¯ã®å©çšçã¯ãã®éã®ã¿äžæã«äœããªã£ãã人ã
ã¯ã§ããã ãç©ççãªç§»åãçŽæ¥äŒãããšã¯ã§ããã ãæ§ãããã¬ãé»è©±ã¢ããªãZoomãªã©ã®WebäŒè°ã¢ããªãªã©ITæè¡ã䜿ãããªã¢ãŒãã§ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãããããã«ãªããè²·ãç©ã¯ãããéè²©ã§æžãŸããããšãå¢ããã2022幎2æã«ã¯ããã·ã¢ããŠã¯ã©ã€ãã«äŸµæ»ãã西åŽè«žåœã¯ãã·ã¢ã«å¯ŸããŠå€§èŠæš¡ãªçµæžå¶è£ãè¡ããäžççµæžã¯åäŸã®ãªãå±éãèŠãã)ãŠã¯ã©ã€ã䟵æ»åŸã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯ç©äŸ¡ã®ç°åžžãªé«éš°ãèµ·ãããã®ç©äŸ¡é«éš°ãæããããã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«æ¿åºã¯ãããŸã§ç¶æããŠããäœé婿¿çãæ¹ãéå©ãäžããã2022幎7ææç¹ã«ã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«éèåœå±ã¯ã幎æ«ã«ã¯æ¿çéå©ã3.75% - 4.00%ã«ãããšãããããªæ¹éãæã¡åºããŸã§ã«ãªã£ããã€ãŸã2015幎ã®ç¶æ³ãšã¯å
šç¶ç°ãªã£ãç¶æ³ã«ãªã£ã)ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF
|
8,062 |
ã¢ã«ãã¬ããã»ãããã³ãã¯
|
ãµãŒã»ã¢ã«ãã¬ããã»ãžã§ãŒãã»ãããã³ãã¯(è±: Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBEã1899幎8æ13æ¥ - 1980幎4æ29æ¥)ã¯ãã€ã®ãªã¹ã®æ ç»è£œäœè
ã§ãããæ ç»å²äžæã圱é¿åã®ããæ ç»ç£ç£ã®ã²ãšããšèŠãªãããŠãããã€ã®ãªã¹ãšã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœã§ã®60幎ã«ããããã£ãªã¢ã®äžã§50æ¬ä»¥äžã®é·ç·šæ ç»ãç£ç£ãããã»ãšãã©ã®äœåããµã¹ãã³ã¹æ ç»ãã¹ãªã©ãŒæ ç»ã§ããã驿°çãªæ ç»ææ³ãç¬èªã®äœé¢šã䜿çšããããµã¹ãã³ã¹ã®å·šå ãããã¹ãªã©ãŒã®ç¥æ§ããšåŒã°ãããã»ãšãã©ã®ç£ç£äœåã«å°ããªåœ¹ã§ã«ã¡ãªåºæŒããããšãããã¬ãçªçµããããã³ãã¯åå Žã(1955幎 - 1965幎)ã®ãã¹ã圹ãåããããšã§ãåºãç¥ãããŠããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯åœåãé»ä¿¡ã±ãŒãã«äŒç€Ÿã§æè¡è
ãåºåãã¶ã€ããŒãšããŠåãã1919幎ã«ãµã€ã¬ã³ãæ ç»ã®åå¹ãã¶ã€ããŒãšããŠæ ç»æ¥çå
¥ãããçŸè¡ç£ç£ãå©ç£ç£ãªã©ãçµãŠã1925幎ã«ã快楜ã®å(è±èªç)ãã§ç£ç£ããã¥ãŒãããæåã®æåããæ ç»ãäžå®¿äººã(1927幎)ã§åããŠãµã¹ãã³ã¹æ ç»ãæããããæåã(1929幎)ããããŒããŒã«ç§»è¡ããã1930幎代ã¯ãææ®ºè
ã®å®¶ã(1934幎)ããäžåä¹å€ã(1935幎)ãããã«ã«ã³è¶
ç¹æ¥ã(1938幎)ãªã©ã§é«ãæåãåãã1939幎ã«ã¯æ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã®ããŽã£ããã»Oã»ã»ã«ãºããã¯ãšå¥çŽãçµãã§æž¡ç±³ãããã®1æ¬ç®ãšãªããã¬ããã«ã(1940幎)ã¯ã¢ã«ãããŒè³äœåè³ã«éžã°ããã1940幎代ã¯ã»ã«ãºããã¯ãä»ç€Ÿã§ãçæã®åœ±ã(1943幎)ããæ±åã(1946幎)ãªã©ãæ®ããããã«ã¯ç¬ç«ãããã¯ã·ã§ã³ãèšç«ããŠãããŒãã(1948幎)ãªã©ãçºè¡šããã1950幎代以åŸã¯ã¯ãŒããŒã»ãã©ã¶ãŒã¹ããã©ããŠã³ãã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºããŠãããŒãµã«ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºãªã©ã®å€§ææ ç»ã¹ã¿ãžãªãšå¥çŽãçµã³ããããã¥ãŒãµãŒãå
Œä»»ããŠãèŠç¥ãã¬ä¹å®¢ã(1951幎)ããè£çªã(1954幎)ããããŸãã(1958幎)ããåå西ã«é²è·¯ãåãã(1959幎)ãããµã€ã³ã(1960幎)ããé³¥ã(1963幎)ãªã©ãçºè¡šããé«ãè©äŸ¡ãšèè¡çæåãåããããã®éã®1955幎ã«ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«åžæ°æš©ãååŸããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯æ åã§èŠ³å®¢ã®ææ
ãæäœãããµã¹ãã³ã¹ã®äžå®ãææãçãäžããæŒåºãææ³ã远æ±ãããããããã³ãã¯ã»ã¿ããããšåŒã°ããç¬èªã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãããŒãã¯ãç»å Žäººç©ã®èŠç·ã§æãããšã§èг客ãã®ããè¡çºããã圹å²ã«ããããšããç¯äººã«ééããããç·æ§ãšæŽç·Žãããé髪çŸå¥³ã䞻人å
¬ã®ããããããµã¹ãã³ã¹ãšãŠãŒã¢ã¢ã®çµåãããã¯ã¬ãã£ã³ã®èšå®ãäºéæ§ã®ããŒããªã©ãç¹åŸŽãšãããç¬èªã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãæã€æ ç»äœå®¶ãšããŠã®ãããã³ãã¯ã®è©äŸ¡ã¯ã1950幎代ã«ãã©ã³ã¹ã®æ ç»èªãã«ã€ãšã»ãã¥ã»ã·ãããã®è¥ææ¹è©å®¶ã«ãã確ç«ããããããããŸã§ã¯åãªã嚯楜æ ç»ãäœãè·äººç£ç£ãšèŠãªãããŠããããããã³ãã¯ã¯çåã«ããŸããŸãªæ èªãåããŠããã1968å¹Žã«æ ç»èžè¡ç§åŠã¢ã«ãããŒããã¢ãŒãã³ã°ã»Gã»ã¿ã«ããŒã°è³ãåè³ãã亡ããªã4ãæåã®1979幎12æã«ã¯å€§è±åžåœå²ç« ãæäžãããã仿¥ãŸã§ãããã³ãã¯ã®äœåã¯ãããŸããŸãªåŠè¡çç ç©¶ãæ¹è©ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªã£ãŠããã
1899幎8æ13æ¥ãã¢ã«ãã¬ããã»ãžã§ãŒãã»ãããã³ãã¯(以äžããããã³ãã¯ãšè¡šèš)ã¯ã€ãŒã¹ãã»ãã³ãã³(åœæã¯ãšã»ãã¯ã¹ã®äžéš)ã®éå€ãã¬ã€ãã³ã¹ããŒã³(è±èªç)ã®ãã€ã»ããŒã517çªå°ã«ãé¶èåºãšéæç©ã®åžå£²åãå¶ãç¶ã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãšãã¬ãŒã»ãããã³ãã¯ãšãæ¯ã®ãšãã»ãžã§ãŒã³ã»ãããã³ãã¯(æ§å§ã¯ãã€ãŒã©ã³)ã®3人ã®åäŸã®æ«ã£åãšããŠçãŸãããå
å§ã¯9æ³äžã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãããšã«ã»ãããã³ãã¯ãšã7æ³äžã®ãšã¬ã³ã»ãã£ã¹ãªãŒã³ã»ãããã³ãã¯(æç§°ã¯ããªãŒ)ã§ãããäžå®¶ã¯è±åœåœæäŒã®ä¿¡è
ã倿°ãå ããã€ã³ã°ã©ã³ãã§ã¯å°æ°æŽŸã§ãããã¢ã€ã«ã©ã³ãç³»ã®ããŒãã»ã«ããªãã¯æåŸã ã£ãã
å¹Œå°æã®ãããã³ãã¯ã¯å
åçã§ããšãªãããéã³åéããããããã€ãèªåã§é¢çœãããšãèãåºããŠã¯ã²ãšãã§éãã§ããããã®éã³ãšããã®ã¯å°å³ãæå»è¡šãç ç©¶ããããæ
è¡æ¡å
æžãèªãã ãããã³ãã³åžå
ãæ£æ©ããããããšãããã®ã ã£ãã8æ³ã«ãªããŸã§ã«ã¯ãã³ãã³ãèµ°ã銬è»ééã®å
šç·ãå¶èŠããããã«ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ã»ãšãã©ã®ééè·¯ç·ã®æå»è¡šãæå±ããŠã¿ããŠå®¶æãé©ããããä»ã«ããã³ãã³ã®ä¹ãåããã¹ã®è·¯ç·å³ããªãªãšã³ãæ¥è¡ã®é§
åã宿è¹ã®èªè·¯ãšãããã®æå»è¡šããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã®å°å³ãæèšããŠãããå®¶ã®å£ã«ã¯å·šå€§ãªæµ·å³ã貌ããããã«èªè¡äžã®ã€ã®ãªã¹åè¹ã®æ¥ããšã®äœçœ®ãã€ããŠããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ç¶ã«ãããããªãå°çŸããããšåŒã°ããã»ã©è¡åãè¯ãã£ãããçæŽ»å
šäœã«èŠåŸãšç§©åºãæ±ãã人ç©ã ã£ãç¶ããå³ãããã€ããåãããåŸå¹Žã«ãããã³ãã¯ããã¹ã³ããç¥äººã«å¥œãã§ç¹°ãè¿ã話ãããšããœãŒãã«ã5æ³ã6æ³ãããã®æã«ç¶ã®ãã€ãã§èŠå¯çœ²ã®ççœ®å Žã«å
¥ãããããšãã話ãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ç¶ããæçŽãæããããè¿ãã®èŠå¯çœ²ãŸã§è¡ãããã«åœããããããæçŽãèªãã èŠå¯å®ã«ããããåã«ã¯ãããããã ãããšèšãããæ°åéã ãççœ®å Žã«éã蟌ããããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã®çµéšããã£ããã§ãçæ¶¯ã«ããã£ãŠèŠå¯ãç£çã«ææå¿ãæ±ãããã«ãªããããã¯èªèº«ã®äœåã®ã¢ããŒããšãªã£ãŠçŸããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã6æ³ã®æãäžå®¶ã¯ãã³ãã³æ±éšã®ã©ã€ã ããŠã¹(è±èªç)ã«åŒã£è¶ãããç¶ã¯ãµãŒã¢ã³ã¬ãŒã³ã®130çªå°ãš175çªå°ã®2åºèãè²·ãåãããããããã£ãã·ã¥ã¢ã³ããããã¹åºãšéå±ãšããŠçµå¶ãå§ããäžå®¶ã¯ãã£ãã·ã¥ã¢ã³ããããã¹åºã®äžéã§æ®ãããã7æ³ã®æã«ã¯ãã€ãŒã¹ãã»ãšã³ãã®ããã©ãŒ(è±èªç)ã«ããããŠã©ã»ããŠã¹ä¿®éé¢ã«éããããã§çŽ2幎éã®åŠæ¥ãä¿®ãããäŒèšäœå®¶ã®ãããªãã¯ã»ãã¯ã®ãªã¬ã³(è±èªç)ã«ãããšããã®åŸãããã³ãã¯ã¯ããŒãã»ã«ããªãã¯ã®æ©é¢ã§ããã€ãšã¹ã®å¿ å®ãªä»²é(è±èªç)ãéå¶ããä¿®éé¢åŠæ ¡ã«äœåãéã£ãå¯èœæ§ããããšããã9æ³ã®æã«ã¯ããã³ãã³åéšã®ãã¿ã·ãŒã«ãããµã¬ãžãªäŒãéå¶ããå¯å®¿åŠæ ¡ã«çæéã ãå
¥åŠããã
1910幎ãäžå®¶ã¯åã³è»¢å±
ããŠã¹ãããããŒã«ç§»ã£ãã11æ³ã«ãªã£ããããã³ãã¯ã¯å幎10æ5æ¥ãã¹ã¿ã³ãã©ãŒãã»ãã«(è±èªç)ã«ããã€ãšãºã¹äŒã®ã°ã©ããŒã¹ã¯ãŒã«ã®èã€ã°ãããŠã¹ã»ã«ã¬ããž(è±èªç)ã®æŒééšã«å
¥åŠããããã®åŠæ ¡ã¯å³æ ŒãªèŠåŸã§ç¥ããã1æ¥ã®çµããã«æåž«ãã¡ã硬ããŽã 補ã®éã䜿ã£ãŠçåŸã«äœçœ°ãäžããŠããããã®ããçåŸã¯æåž«ã«çœ°ã宣åããããšã1æ¥ãçµãããŸã§ãããåãããšããææãèŠããªããéãããªããã°ãªããªãã£ããåŸå¹Žã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãããããçµéšã«ãã£ãŠèªåã®äžã«ãææãšããææ
ãè²ãŸããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããã®äžæ¹ã§èŠåãæåž«ãçŽåã«åæããåžç¥é€šã®åºã«ãã£ãé¶å°å±ããåµãçãã§å®¿èã®çªã«ã¶ã€ããæã£ãç¥ç¶ãã¡ã«ã¯ç¥ããªããµããããããã®ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯åšããããã³ãããŒ(çææ°ã®æ)ããšãããã åã§åŒã°ãããå匷é¢ã§ã¯åªç§ãªçåŸã§ãããå
¥åŠ1幎ç®ã®çµããã«ã¯ã©ãã³èªãè±èªããã©ã³ã¹èªããã³å®ææè²ã®æçžŸåªç§è
ãšããŠè³ãåããããããã³ãã¯èªèº«ã¯ãã ãããã¯ã©ã¹ã§4çªã5çªã®æçžŸã ã£ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
1913幎7æ25æ¥ããããã³ãã¯ã¯13æ³ã§èã€ã°ãããŠã¹ã»ã«ã¬ããžãä¿®äºããæ£èŠã®æè²ã«ããªãªããæã£ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯äž¡èŠªã«ãšã³ãžãã¢ã«ãªããããšèšããããã©ãŒã«ããæµ·æŽæè¡å°éåŠæ ¡ã®London County Council School of Engineering and Navigationã®å€éã³ãŒã¹ã«å
¥åŠããååŠãé»åå·¥åŠãé³é¿åŠãèªæµ·è¡ãªã©ãåŠãã ãç¿1914幎11æ(1915幎åãã®èª¬ããã)ã«ã¯ãã³ãã³ã®Wã»Tã»ãã³ãªãŒé»ä¿¡ã±ãŒãã«ç€Ÿã«ãæ·èšäºå®ã®é»æ°ã±ãŒãã«ã®å€ªãããã«ãæ°ã枬å®ããå¶æ¥éšéã®ãã¯ãã«ã«ã¢ããã€ã¶ãŒãšããŠå°±è·ããé±15ã·ãªã³ã°ã®çµŠæãåŸãããã®1ãæåŸã®12æ12æ¥ãç¶èŠªã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãšãã¬ãŒãæç
ã®èºæ°è
«ãšè
èç
ã®ãã52æ³ã§äº¡ããªããå
ã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãããšã«ãç¶ã®çµå¶ããåºãåŒãç¶ãã ã
ãã®ãã¡ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ããšã³ãžãã¢ã®ä»äºãé¢çœããªããšæããããã«ãªãã1915幎ã«ã¯ä»äºãããªãããã³ãã³å€§åŠã®ãŽãŒã«ãã¹ãã¹ã»ã«ã¬ããžã®çŸè¡åŠç§ã®å€éã³ãŒã¹ã«éããã€ã©ã¹ãã®å匷ããããæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«ãããã³ãã¯ã®é¢å¿ã¯èžè¡ã®æ¹ã«ç§»ãããšãã«æ ç»ãæŒåãçãã«èŠãããã«ãªããæ ç»æè¡å°éçŽãæ ç»æ¥ççŽãæèªãããåœæã®ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹æ ç»ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«æ ç»ã®æ¹ã奜ãã§ãDã»Wã»ã°ãªãã£ã¹ç£ç£ã®ãåæ°ã®åµçã(1915幎)ãšãã€ã³ãã¬ã©ã³ã¹ã(1916幎)ã«åŒ·ãæéãåããã»ãããã£ãŒã«ãºã»ãã£ãããªã³ããã¹ã¿ãŒã»ããŒãã³ããã°ã©ã¹ã»ãã§ã¢ãã³ã¯ã¹ãã¡ã¢ãªãŒã»ããã¯ãã©ãŒããªã©ã®äœåã奜ãã§èŠãŠããã
ãããã³ãã¯ããšã³ãžãã¢ãšããŠåããŠããéã«ç¬¬äžæ¬¡äžç倧æŠãèµ·ããŠããããéæŠããåœåã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯è¥éãããšããçç±ã§è»éã«å
¥ãããšãã§ããã1917幎ã«é©æ£å¹Žéœ¢ã«éããæã«ã¯ãå
µåœ¹ã«é©ããªãããšããŠC3åé¡(ãæ·±å»ãªåšè³ªççŸæ£ããªããå±
äœå°ã®é§å±¯å°ã§ã®äœ¿çšæ¡ä»¶ã«èãããããã座ã£ãŠã®ä»äºã«ã®ã¿é©ããŠããã)ãåããããã®ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯çç«å·¥å
µé£é(è±èªç)ã®å£«å®åè£çãšãªããäŒç€Ÿã§åããªãã鱿«ã«èšç·ŽãæŒç¿ã«åå ãããäŒèšäœå®¶ã®ãžã§ã³ã»ã©ãã»ã«ã»ãã€ã©ãŒ(è±èªç)ã«ãããšããã€ãã»ããŒã¯ã§ã®å®è·µçãªæŒç¿ã®1ã€ãšããŠãå·»èçµãççšããèšç·Žããã£ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯èçµãè¶³ã«å·»ãä»ããããšãã§ãããäœåãã£ãŠãè¶³éŠã«ããèœã¡ããšãããäžéšã®äŒèšäœå®¶ã¯ãæŠäºã®æ®èè¡çºãç¥çµè³ªãªãããã³ãã¯ã«ãã©ãŠãçãªçµéšãäžãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
ãã®åŸããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã€ã©ã¹ããåŠãã§ãããããã§ããã³ãªãŒé»ä¿¡ã±ãŒãã«ç€Ÿã®åºåéšéã«è»¢å±ããäŒç€Ÿã®åºåãã³ãã¬ããã®ã€ã©ã¹ããæãä»äºããããåŸå¹Žã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ããã®ä»äºããæ ç»ã«è¿ã¥ãããã®ã¹ãããã«ãªã£ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã1919幎6æã«ã¯ãäŒç€Ÿã®åŸæ¥å¡ã«6ãã³ã¹ã§è²©å£²ããã瀟å
èªããã³ãªãŒã»ãã¬ã°ã©ããã®åµåç·šéè
ãšãªããããã€ãã®çç·šå°èª¬ãå¯çš¿ãããåµåå·ã«å¯çš¿ããæåã®çç·šå°èª¬ãGasãã¯ãè¥ã女æ§ãããªã§ç·æ§ã®æŽæŒ¢ã«è¥²ãããããããã¯åœŒå¥³ãæ¯å»è
ã§ã®æ²»çäžã«èŠãå¹»æ³ã ã£ããšããç©èªã§ãäŒèšäœå®¶ã®ããã«ãã»ã¹ãããŒ(è±èªç)ã¯ãã®äœåãããè¥ããããã³ãã¯ããèªè
ãããã€ãææ³ãšææããããã ãè¡ãæ¬èœçã«å¿åŸãŠããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããããããæéãçµã€ã«ã€ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯åºåãã¶ã€ã³ã®ä»äºã«é£œãå§ããé±15ã·ãªã³ã°ã®çµŠæã«ãæºè¶³ããªããªã£ãã
ãããã³ãã¯ããŸã ãã³ãªãŒé»ä¿¡ã±ãŒãã«ç€Ÿã«ããé ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æ ç»äŒç€Ÿãã§ã€ãã¹ã»ãã¬ã€ã€ãŒãº=ã©ã¹ããŒ(è±èªç)(ãã©ããŠã³ãã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºã®å身)ã¯ãã³ãã³åéšã®ã€ãºãªã³ãã³ã«ã¹ã¿ãžãªãéèšãããã®ç¬¬1äœã«ããªãŒã»ã³ã¬ãªã®å°èª¬ãåäœã®ãæªéã®åã(è±èªç)ãã補äœäºå®ã§ãããšçºè¡šããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã®ãã¥ãŒã¹ãæ ç»æ¥ççŽã§ç¥ããšèå³ããããããäŒç€ŸãåéããŠãããµã€ã¬ã³ãæ ç»ã®åå¹ãã¶ã€ããŒã®ä»äºã«å¿åããåäœå°èª¬ã«ç®ãéããããšãäŒç€Ÿã®åºåéšéã«ããååã®å©ããåããªãããã®åå¹ãã¶ã€ã³ã®ãµã³ãã«ãäœæãæããããããããããã¥ãŒãµãŒã«ãµã³ãã«ãæåºããé ã«ã¯ãæªéã®åããã®è£œäœã¯åããããšãªãã代ããã«å¥ã®äœåãæåŸã®å¯©å€(è±èªç)ã(1920幎)ãšã鿥ã®åŒã³å£°(è±èªç)ã(1921幎)ã®è£œäœã決å®ããŠããããããã³ãã¯ã¯éã£ãŠãããããããããªããšããç±æããããã®2æ¬ã®åå¹ãã¶ã€ã³ã2æ¥ä»¥å
ã«äœæããããããããã¥ãŒãµãŒã«æ°ã«å
¥ãããŠæ¡çšãããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯åœåãããŒãã¿ã€ã ã§ãã§ã€ãã¹ã»ãã¬ã€ã€ãŒãº=ã©ã¹ããŒã«éããããã³ãªãŒé»ä¿¡ã±ãŒãã«ç€Ÿã§åããªããåå¹ãã¶ã€ã³ãäœæããä»äºã®åºæ¥é«ã«å¿ããŠå ±é
¬ãåãåã£ãã1921幎4æã«ã¯ãã«ã¿ã€ã ã®åŸæ¥å¡ãšãªããããã«äŒŽããã³ãªãŒé»ä¿¡ã±ãŒãã«ç€ŸãèŸè·ãããããããçŽ2幎éããããã³ãã¯ã¯å瀟ã®11æ¬ã®äœåã§åå¹ãã¶ã€ã³ãäœæããæã«ã¯åå¹ãããŸã䜿ã£ãŠå
容ãè¯ããªãæ ç»ã®ã¹ã¯ãªãããæçŽãããŠãæ ç»ãã®ãã®ã®å
容ãå®å
šã«å€ããããããããŸããã¹ã¿ãžãªã人æäžè¶³ã ã£ãããšãããæ§å³ãã»ããã®çµµã³ã³ããæããªã©ãæ
åœä»¥å€ã®ä»äºãããããšããã£ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«äººã®åŸæ¥å¡ã倿°ãå ãããã®ã¹ã¿ãžãªã§ãèªåã®ä»äºãããªããªããã¢ã¡ãªã«æµã®æ ç»äœããåŠãã ã
ãããã1922幎å€ã«ãã§ã€ãã¹ã»ãã¬ã€ã€ãŒãº=ã©ã¹ããŒã¯ã€ãºãªã³ãã³ã®ã¹ã¿ãžãªã§ã®æ ç»è£œäœã忢ãã空ããã¹ã¿ãžãªã¯è²žãã¹ã¿ãžãªãšãªã£ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯äœè³éã§é·æéåŽåãããŠããããè§£éãéããä»ã®æ°äººã®ã¹ã¿ãããšã¹ã¿ãžãªã«çãŸã£ãããã®é ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã®ã¹ã¿ãžãªã§èªäž»è£œäœã«ããåç£ç£äœåã第åäžçª(è±èªç)ã(1922幎)ã®æ®åœ±ãå§ããããã®äœåã¯ãã³ãã³ã®äœå±€éçŽãæããã³ã¡ãã£ã§ãäž»æŒã®ã¯ã¬ã¢ã»ã°ãªãŒã(è±èªç)ãè³éãå·¥é¢ããã«ãããããã補äœè²»ã¯åºãã€ããæªå®æã®ãŸãŸçµãã£ãã1923幎åé ã«ã¯ä¿³åªã®ã·ãŒã¢ã¢ã»ããã¯ã¹(è±èªç)ãã€ãºãªã³ãã³ã®ã¹ã¿ãžãªãåããŠããã€ã奥ããã«è©±ããªãã(è±èªç)ã(1923幎)ã補äœå
Œäž»æŒããããåœåã®ç£ç£ã®ãã¥ãŒã»ã¯ãã€ã¹ãããã¯ã¹ãšã®æèŠã®å¯Ÿç«ã§éæ¿ããããã¯ã¹ãèªãç£ç£ãåããããšã«ãªã£ãããããããã³ãã¯ããã®æŒåºãæäŒãããšã«ãªãã2äººã§æ®ãã®ã·ãŒã³ãæ®åœ±ããã
1923幎å€ãæ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã®ãã€ã±ã«ã»ãã«ã³ã³(è±èªç)ã®ç¬ç«ãããã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã€ãºãªã³ãã³ã®ã¹ã¿ãžãªã§æ ç»è£œäœãå§ãããšããããã³ãã¯ã¯ããã«éãããã°ã¬ã¢ã ã»ã«ãã(è±èªç)ç£ç£ã®ã女察女(è±èªç)ããçœã圱(è±èªç)ã(1923幎)ã§å©ç£ç£ãåãããããã以å€ã«ãèæ¬ãã»ãããã¶ã€ã³ãæ
åœãããã«ã³ã³ããæèœãªã¹ã¿ãããšè©äŸ¡ãããã1924幎åãã«ãã«ã³ã³ãã€ãºãªã³ãã³ã®ã¹ã¿ãžãªãè²·åããŠã²ã€ã³ãºããã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãº(è±èªç)ãèšç«ãããšããããã³ãã¯ã¯å瀟ã§åŒãç¶ãã«ããã®ãè¡ã®æäººåœ¢(è±èªç)ã(1924幎)ããäžå€ªè
(è±èªç)ããæ·å¥³ã®è»¢èœ(è±èªç)ã(1925幎)ã§å©ç£ç£ãèæ¬ãã»ãããã¶ã€ã³ãæ
åœããããäžå€ªè
ãã¯ãã€ãã®å€§ææ ç»äŒç€ŸãŠãŒãã¡ãšå
±å補äœãããããã ã®ããŒãã«ã¹ãã«ã¯ã»ã¹ã¿ãžãª(ãã€ãèªç)ã§æ®åœ±ããããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã€ãæ»åšäžã«Fã»Wã»ã ã«ããŠç£ç£ã®ãæåŸã®äºº(ãã€ãèªç)ã(1924幎)ã®æ®åœ±ãèŠåŠãããã®é è¿æ³ã匷調ããã»ããã®äœãæ¹ã«æéãåããæ©éæ®åœ±äžã®ãäžå€ªè
ãã®ã»ãããã¶ã€ã³ã«æ¡ãå
¥ããã
1925幎ãã²ã€ã³ãºããã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºã¯ãã¥ã³ãã³ã«æ ç¹ããããšã¡ã«ã«ç€Ÿ(ãã€ãèªç)ãšå
±å補äœã§æ ç»ãäœãããšã«ãªãããã«ã³ã³ã¯ãããã³ãã¯ããã®ç£ç£ã«ææ¢ãããå©ç£ç£ãšããŠå
åãªçµéšãç©ãã§ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãèªåããæ ç»ç£ç£ã«ãªããããšææè¡šæãããŠããããããªãã£ãããåœæã¯èæ¬ãã»ãããã¶ã€ã³ã®ä»äºã«æºè¶³ããç£ç£ã«ãªãããšã¯å
šãèããŠããªãã£ããšãããå幎å€ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã¥ã³ãã³ã«æŽŸé£ãããåç£ç£äœåã快楜ã®å(è±èªç)ããæ®åœ±ããããã®äœåã¯2çµã®ç·å¥³ã®äº€é¯ããé¢ä¿ãæãã¡ããã©ãã§ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®äººæ°å¥³åªã®ãŽã¡ãŒãžãã¢ã»ãŽã¡ãª(è±èªç)ãäž»æŒããããã±ã¯ã€ã¿ãªã¢ã§è¡ãããããé颿ç¶ãã§ã¯ãã£ã«ã ã¹ããã¯ãç³åæŒãã®ããçšé¢ã«æ²¡åããããžã§ããŽã¡ã§ã¯çŸéãçãŸããã»ãã«ãäºå®å€ã®åºè²»ãéãªããªã©ãã©ãã«ãç¶ãããã®ããã§è£œäœè²»ãäžè¶³ãã俳åªãã¹ã¿ããã«ãéãåããããšã«ãªã£ããå幎å€ã®çµããã«æ®åœ±ã¯çµäºãã詊åãèŠããã«ã³ã³ã¯ãã®åºæ¥ã«æºè¶³ããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã«ã³ã³ããããã1æ¬ãã€ãã§è±ç¬åäœãæ®åœ±ãã話ãæã¡ããããã1925幎ç§ã«ãã¥ã³ãã³ã®ã¹ã¿ãžãªãšããã«å°æ¹ã®ãã±ã§ç£ç£ç¬¬2äœã山鷲(è±èªç)ããæ®åœ±ããããã®äœåã¯ç·ã«è¿œãåãããŠå±±ã«éã蟌ãã 女æåž«ã䞻人å
¬ã®ã¡ããã©ãã§ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®äººæ°å¥³åªãã¿ã»ãã«ãã£ãäž»æŒãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã®äœåããæäœã®æ ç»ããšåŒãã§ãããç¿1926幎1æã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ã«æ»ãããã®2ãæåŸã«ã¯ã快楜ã®åãã®å
¬é詊åãè¡ããããããã€ãªãŒã»ãšã¯ã¹ãã¬ã¹ãçŽã¯ãã®äœåããååºããæ ç»ããšåŒã³ããããã³ãã¯ã®ããšããå·šå ã®é è³ãæã£ãæ°äººããšè©ãããããããé
絊å
ã®W&Fæ ç»é
絊äŒç€Ÿ(è±èªç)ã¯å£²ãç©ã«ãªããªããšããŠã快楜ã®åããšã山鷲ãã®å
¬éãæåŠããç£ç£3äœç®ã®ãäžå®¿äººãã®æ¥çåã詊åäŒãæåããããšã®1927幎ã«ããããã€ã®ãªã¹ã§æ£åŒé
絊ãããããã®åŸãã山鷲ãã®ãã£ã«ã ã¯ãã¹ãŠçŽå€±ããäœåã«ã€ããŠæ®ãããŠãããã®ã¯ããã6æã®åçãããªãã
1926å¹Žã«æ®åœ±ãããäžå®¿äººãã¯ããããã³ãã¯ã«ãšã£ãŠåã®ãµã¹ãã³ã¹æ ç»ã§ããããã®äœåã¯åãè£ããžã£ãã¯ãäžæ·ãã«ãããããã¯ã»ããŒã³ãº(è±èªç)ã®ååå°èª¬ãåäœã§ãç¡å®ã®è¥ãäžå®¿äºº(ã¢ã€ãŽã¡ãŒã»ããŽã§ã)ãé£ç¶æ®ºäººç¯ã®çããããããããšããç©èªã§ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã®äœåã§ããŸããŸãªçŽç²ãªèŠèŠç工倫ãåãããŠãããäŸãã°ã女å°ã®äžã®éšå±ã«ããäžå®¿äººã®è¶³é³ã®å¹æãåºãããã«ãã¬ã©ã¹æ¿ã®å€©äºã®äžãæ©ãäžå®¿äººãçäžããæ®åœ±ããããã®äœåã«ã¯é髪女æ§ãæé ãééããããç·ãªã©ãåŸã®äœåã§ç¹°ãè¿ãçšããããããŒããã¢ããŒããç»å Žããããããã³ãã¯ã»ã¿ããããšåŒã°ããç¬èªã®äœé¢šãæåã«ç€ºããäœåãšãªã£ããåŸå¹Žã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ããã®äœåããæ£çæ£éã®ãããã³ãã¯æ ç»ãšèšããæåã®ä»£ç©ããšåŒãã§ãããããããé
絊äŒç€Ÿã¯å
¬éãæåŠããããããããã³ãã¯ã¯è¥ãç¥è人ã®ã¢ã€ãŽã¡ãŒã»ã¢ã³ã¿ã®ã¥ãŒ(è±èªç)ã®å©ããåããŠäœåã«ä¿®æ£ãå ãã1926幎9æã«æ¥çåã詊åäŒãè¡ããšãããã€ãªã¹ã³ãŒããèªã«ãã€ã®ãªã¹æ ç»å²äžã®æå€§åäœããšåŒã°ãããªã©å¥œè©ãéãããç¿1927幎1æã«å
¬éããããšåæ¥çã«ãæåãåããã
1926幎12æ2æ¥ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãããŸã§ã®3æ¬ã®ç£ç£äœåã§å©ç£ç£ãèšé²ä¿ãæ
åœããã¢ã«ãã»ã¬ãŽã£ã«ãšããã³ãã³ã®ãã€ãããªããžã«ããããŒãã»ã«ããªãã¯ã®ããã³ããã³ã»ãªã©ããªãŒ(è±èªç)ã§çµå©ãããã³ãã³ã®ã¯ãã ãŠã§ã«ã»ããŒã(è±èªç)153çªå°ã«ããè³è²žã¢ããŒãã®æäžéã§ç掻ãå§ããã倫婊ã¯ããªãã³ã¢æ¹ããµã³ã¢ãªããã§æ°å©æ
è¡ããããããã以æ¥2人ã¯äºæ
ã®èš±ããããçµå©èšå¿µæ¥ããµã³ã¢ãªããã§éããããã«ãããã€ã®ãªã¹ã«æ»ã£ãããšããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã«ã³ã³ãšã®éã«æ®ã2æ¬ã®å¥çŽãæ¶åããããããŸã1927幎åãã«ã¢ã€ãŽã¡ãŒã»ããŽã§ããã³ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã»ã³ãªã¢ãšå
±åå·çããæ¯æ²ãåäœã®ãããŠã³ãã«(è±èªç)ããç£ç£ããããã®äœåã¯æ¿¡ãè¡£ãçããããåŠç(ããŽã§ã)ã䞻人å
¬ã®ã¡ããã©ãã§ãå幎5æã®ã山鷲ãã®å
¬éãšåãé±ã«äžæ ããããããããã°ã©ãã»ãŠã£ãŒã¯ãªãŒ(è±èªç)ãçŽã«ã(æ å衚çŸã«åªãã)ç£ç£ã®å人çãªæåããšè©ãããããã®æ¬¡ã«ããšã«ã»ã«ã¯ãŒãã®æ¯æ²ãåäœã®ã¡ããã©ãããµãã ããªå¥³ã(1927幎8æåäžæ ã1928幎3æå
¬é)ãç£ç£ããããäžè©ã§èè¡çã«ã倱æããã
1927幎6æããããã³ãã¯ã¯åæã«æ®åœ±ãçµããããµãã ãã®å¥³ããæåŸã«ã²ã€ã³ãºããã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºãèŸããæ°ããèšç«ãããããªãã£ãã·ã¥ã»ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã·ã§ãã«ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãº(è±èªç)(BIP)ãšå¥çŽãããã®æ ç¹ã®ãšã«ã¹ããªãŒã»ã¹ã¿ãžãª(è±èªç)ã«ç§»ã£ããBIPã§ã¯ã²ã€ã³ãºãããšæ¯ã¹ãŠããè¯ãæ¡ä»¶ãšé«ãç¬ç«æ§ãä¿èšŒãããã幎俞ã¯ã²ã€ã³ãºããæä»£ã®çŽ3åãšãªã1äž3000ãã³ããšãªããåœæã®ã€ã®ãªã¹æ ç»çã§æãé«çµŠåãã®ç£ç£ãšãªã£ããã¹ã¿ãžãªããåµé çãªèªç±ãäžãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãå瀟第1äœãèªèº«åã®ãªãªãžãã«èæ¬ã§äœãããšã«ããããã®äœåããªã³ã°ãã¯åã女æ§ã«æããã2人ã®ãã¯ãµãŒãæãäžè§é¢ä¿ãã®ã®ææãã©ãã§ãå幎å€ã«æ®åœ±ãã10æã«å
¬éããããšè¯å®çãªæ¹è©ãéããã
1927幎ç§ã«ã¯ã€ãŒãã³ã»ãã£ã«ãããã®æ¯æ²ã®æ ç»åã§ã劻ã亡ãããèŸ²å Žäž»ã®è±å«æ¢ããæãã³ã¡ãã£æ ç»ã蟲倫ã®åŠ»ã(1928幎3æå
¬é)ãç£ç£ãããæ®åœ±ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹åéšã®ããŽã©ã³ããµãªãŒã®ç°èã§è¡ããããããã®å°ã®é¢šæ¯ããã³ãã³ã®å§éšããé¢ããéããã«é
åãæãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã1928幎ã«ãµãªãŒã®ã®ã«ãã©ãŒããã4ãã€ã«ã«äœçœ®ããæã·ã£ã ãªãŒã»ã°ãªãŒã³(è±èªç)ã®è¿ãã«ãããã¥ãŒããŒæ§åŒã®å¥èããŠã£ã³ã¿ãŒãºã»ã°ã¬ãŒã¹ãã2500ãã³ãã§è³Œå
¥ããããã§å®¶æãšé±æ«ãéããããã«ãªã£ãããã®é ã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«é¢šã®ã³ã¡ãã£æ ç»ãã·ã£ã³ããŒãã¥(è±èªç)ããæ®åœ±ããŠããããå幎å€ã«å
¬éããããšæ¹è©å®¶ã«ãäžæ©äžãéšã«ãããããã·ã£ã³ãã³ããšèšããããªã©ããŠé
·è©ãããåŸå¹Žã«ãããã³ãã¯èªèº«ãããããã®äœåã®ãªãã§æäœã®ãã®ããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
1928幎7æ7æ¥ããããã³ãã¯å€«åŠ»ã®äžäººåšã§ãããããªã·ã¢ã»ã¢ã«ãã»ãããã³ãã¯(è±èªç)ãçãŸãããããããæ°é±éåŸã«ã¯ããŒã«ã»ã±ã€ã³(è±èªç)ã®å°èª¬ãæ ç»åããã¡ããã©ãããã³ã¯ã¹ãã³(è±èªç)ã(1929幎1æå
¬é)ãæ®åœ±ããããããã¯ãããã³ãã¯ã®æåŸã®ãµã€ã¬ã³ãæ ç»ãšãªããç¿1929幎åãã«æ®åœ±ãããæåãããããŒããŒã®æä»£ãå§ãŸã£ãããã®äœåã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãºã»ãããã(è±èªç)ã®æ¯æ²ã®æ ç»åã§ãèªåãç¯ãããšããç·æ§ããã€ãã§æ®ºå®³ãããããåå ã§èŠç¥ãã¬ç·ã«æåããã女æ§(ã¢ããŒã»ãªã³ãã©(è±èªç))ãšã圌女ãå®ãå©çŽè
ã®åäºã䞻人å
¬ã®ãµã¹ãã³ã¹ã§ãããæåã¯ãµã€ã¬ã³ãçã§æ®åœ±ããŠãããããã®éäžã§äŒç€ŸããããŒããŒåã®è©±ãçããããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ããã€ãã®éšåãæ®ãçŽããŠããŒããŒã«ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯é³ãšããæ°ããè¡šçŸææ®µã®å¯èœæ§ã远æ±ããäŸãã°ã䞻人å
¬ã®å¥³æ§ã殺人ãç¯ããç¿æ¥ã®æé£ã®ã·ãŒã³ã§ã¯ãæ¥åžžäŒè©±ã«ããã€ãããšããèšèãç¹°ãè¿ã匷調ããŠã女æ§ã®çœªæªæãææå¿ãéç«ãããã1929幎7æã«äœåãå
¬éããããšãæ¹è©å®¶ããç±ççãªè©äŸ¡ãåãã忥çã«ãããªã³ã°ã以æ¥ã®æåãåããã
1930幎åãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹åã®ãã¥ãŒãžã«ã«ã»ã³ã¡ãã£æ ç»ããšã«ã¹ããªãŒã»ã³ãŒãªã³ã°(è±èªç)ãã®æ°ã·ãŒã³ã ããç£ç£ãããã®æ¬¡ã«ã·ã§ãŒã³ã»ãªã±ãŒã·ãŒã®æåãªæ¯æ²ãåäœã®ããžã¥ããŒãšåé(è±èªç)ããæ®åœ±ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãããäŒè©±ãå€ãéæ ç»çãªäœåãšèŠãªããããæ
ã«æ°ä¹ãã®ããªããŸãŸä»äºã«åãçµãã ããå幎ã«å
¬éããããšæ¹è©å®¶ã«å¥œæçãªè©äŸ¡ãåããããã®é ãå€ãã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ããã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒãåãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãèªåã®ååãåºã宣äŒããéèŠæ§ãçè§£ãããããã³ãã¯ã®åºå ±æŽ»åãæ
ãå°ããªäŒç€Ÿããããã³ãã¯ã»ãã€ã«ãŒã»ãããã¯ã·ã§ã³ãºããèšç«ããã5æã«ã¯ãããã³ãã¯äœåã§ã¯çããç¯äººããããæãè¬è§£ãæ ç»ã殺人!ã(1930幎å
¬é)ãç£ç£ãããããã®äœåã¯ãŸã ã¢ãã¬ã³æè¡ã確ç«ããŠããªãäžã§ãšãŒãããã«å£²ã蟌ããããåæã«è±èªçãšãã€ãèªçã§æ®åœ±ãããã1930幎æ«ãã1931幎åé ã«ã¯ãžã§ã³ã»ãŽãŒã«ãºã¯ãŒãžãŒã®æ¯æ²ãåäœã§ãæéãšè²Žæã®å°äž»ã®åå°ãããã察ç«ãæããã¹ãã³ã»ã²ãŒã (è±èªç)ããæ®åœ±ãã2æã«å
¬éããããšå¥œè©ãåããã
1931幎ããããã³ãã¯äžå®¶ã¯ã«ãªãæµ·ãã¢ããªã«ãªã©ãåãäžçäžåšæ
è¡ãããããããã³ãã¯ã®æ¬¡ã®äœåããªããã»ã¢ã³ãã»ã¹ãã¬ã³ãž(è±èªç)ãã¯ããã®æã®çµéšãã¢ã«ããšã®æ°å©æ
è¡ã«è§Šçºãããäœåã§ãããã¹ãããŒã¯ãå
¬ç¶ããèªäŒãšããããäœåããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããããã¯å€§éãåŸãŠäžçäžåšæ
è¡ã«åºããã倫婊ãæãã³ã¡ãã£ãã©ãã§ããããŸã§ã«äœã£ãããŒããŒäœåãžã®ååãšããŠã»ãªãã®ããã·ãŒã³ãå
šäœã®5åã®1ããèšããªãã£ããå幎8æã«æ®åœ±ãçµãã12æã«å
¬éããããèè¡çã«å€±æãããã®äœåãæ°ã«å
¥ã£ãŠãããããã³ãã¯ã¯å€±æããããã®é ã®ãããã³ãã¯ãšBIPã®é¢ä¿ã¯æªåããããBIPã®çµå¶ç¶æ
ãæªåãããããã³ãã¯ã®æ¬¡ã®äœåã§ã¹ãªã©ãŒã®èå°åãã³ã¡ãã£é¢šã«æ ç»åããã第åäžçª(è±èªç)ã(1932幎7æå
¬é)ã¯äœäºç®ã§äœãããããã®äœåã倱æäœãšãªãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãæ¹è©å®¶ãã¡ã®æ³šæããã²ããªãã£ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããã®æ¬¡ããŸãäœäºç®ã§ããã£ã³ããŒå¿ã®å€«äººãã¡(è±èªç)ã(1932幎)ã®ç£ç£ãåœããããããäœåã«èå³ã瀺ããªãã£ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã ããæ
åœããç£ç£ã¯ãã³ã»Wã»ã¬ãŽã£(è±èªç)ã«ä»»ããããããŠãã®ä»äºãæåŸã«BIPãšã®å¥çŽãçµããã
ããªããã»ã¢ã³ãã»ã¹ãã¬ã³ãžãã第åäžçªãã®ç«ãŠç¶ãã®å€±æã§äžèª¿ãšãªã£ãŠãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãBIPãå»ã£ãããšã®1933幎ã«ãã³ãã³ã»ãã£ã«ã (è±èªç)ã®ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããŒã»ã³ã«ããšçæå¥çŽãçµã³ãããžã£ã³ã°ã«ã®äžãé£ã¶ç¿Œãã®ç£ç£ãäºå®ããããè³éã調éããããšãã§ãããå¥çŽããšè§£æ¶ãšãªã£ãããã®æ¬¡ã«ç¬ç«ç³»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã®ãã ã»ã¢ãŒãã«ã(è±èªç)ãšå¥çŽãçµã³ããšãã³ã»ã·ã¥ãã©ãŠã¹2äžã䞻人å
¬ã®é³æ¥œæ ç»ããŠã£ã³ããŒã»ã¯ã«ã(è±èªç)ããæ®åœ±ãããããã®äŒç»ã¯ã¯ããããçµ¶æçã§ããããã³ãã¯ã¯æ®åœ±äžã«åµäœææ¬²ããããªããªã£ããåŸå¹Žã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ããšãŠããããã®äœåã ãªããŠããã£ãŽãã«èšãã代ç©ãããªãããšè¿°ã¹ããã®ææããæäœã®æä»£ããšåŒãã ãäœåã¯1934幎2æã«å
¬éããããšãå®å
šãªå€±æäœãšèŠãªãããã
ãã®äœåã®æ®åœ±äžããã€ã±ã«ã»ãã«ã³ã³ããããã³ãã¯ã®ããšã蚪ãããããã³ãã¯ãBIPæä»£ã«ãã£ãŒã«ãºã»ãããããšå
±åå·çããèæ¬ãæ ç»åããææ¡ãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãããåèµ·ã®ãã£ã³ã¹ãšèãã1934幎ã«ãã«ã³ã³ãè£œäœæ
åœé圹ãåããŠãããŽãŒã¢ã³ã»ããªãã£ãã·ã¥ãš5æ¬ã®æ ç»ãäœãå¥çŽãçµã³ããã³ãã³è¥¿éšã®ã·ã§ããŒãºã»ããã·ã¥ã«ããã©ã€ã ã»ã°ããŒãã»ã¹ã¿ãžãªã«ç§»ã£ããæ ç»åãæ±ºããèæ¬ã¯ãå瀟第1äœãšããŠãææ®ºè
ã®å®¶ãã®é¡åã§ç£ç£ããããšã«ãªããå幎4æãã5æã«ãããŠããããããšã·ããªãªãäœæãã5æãã8æã®éã«æ®åœ±ããããã®äœåã§ãããã³ãã¯ã¯èªèº«ãåŸæãšãããµã¹ãã³ã¹ã®ãžã£ã³ã«ãžåŸ©åž°ãããµã¹ãã³ã¹ãšãŠãŒã¢ã¢ã®çµã¿åãããšãã以åŸã®ãããã³ãã¯äœåã®åºæ¬ãšãªãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã§ããã倫婊ãå€§äœ¿ãææ®ºããèšç»ã«å·»ã蟌ãŸããç©èªãæããã12æã«å
¬éããããšå€§ãããããæ¹è©å®¶ãããè³è³ãããããã€ãªãŒã»ãšã¯ã¹ãã¬ã¹ãèªã¯ããããã³ãã¯ã¯åã³ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ç£ç£ã®äžã§ãã³ããŒã¯ã³ã®åº§ã«èºãåºãããšæžããŠããã
ãã®äœåã§å声ãåãæ»ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãäœåã®æåã®ãããã§èªç±ã«äž»é¡ãéžã¶ããšãã§ããããã«ãªããããã§èªèº«ã奜ããªäœå®¶ã ã£ããžã§ã³ã»ãã«ã³ã®ã¹ãã€å°èª¬ãäžåä¹é段ãã«åºã¥ããäžåä¹å€ããäŒç»ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ããããããšåäœã«èªç±ã«æ¹å€ããŠèæ¬ãäœãã1935幎åãã«æ®åœ±ããããã®äœåãæ®ºäººã«å·»ã蟌ãŸããç·(ãããŒãã»ããŒããã)ããã¹ãã€ãèŠå¯ã«è¿œãããªããèªåã®ç¡å®ã蚌æãããšããç©èªããåäœãšåæ§ã«ãŠãŒã¢ã¢ãšãµã¹ãã³ã¹ãçµã¿åãããªããéããã³ãã§æãããå幎6æã«ã€ã®ãªã¹ã§å
¬éããããšåäœåæ§ã«é«ãæåãåããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ããããã³ãã¯äœåã§é廿é«ã®ãããäœãšãªã£ãã
ãã®æ¬¡ã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ããµãã»ããã»ã¢ãŒã ã®çç·šå°èª¬éãã¢ã·ã§ã³ãã³ããšãã®ããã€ãã®ãšããœãŒããããšã«ããæ¯æ²ãäžæ·ãã®ã¹ãã€æ ç»ãéè«æåŸã®æ¥ã(1936幎5æå
¬é)ãç£ç£ããããã®äœåã¯ç¬¬äžæ¬¡äžç倧æŠäžã«ãã€ãã®ã¹ãã€ã殺害ããä»»åãåããã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ã¹ãã€ã¹ãã€(ãžã§ã³ã»ã®ãŒã«ã°ãã)ã䞻人å
¬ã«ããç©èªã§ããããå2äœã®ãããªæåãåããããšã¯ã§ããªãã£ããåäœå®æåŸã®1936幎1æããããã³ãã¯ã¯ããããããšã¹ã€ã¹ã§ãžã§ãŒãã»ã³ã³ã©ããã®å°èª¬ãå¯åµ(è±èªç)ããåäœã®ããµãã¿ãŒãžã¥ãã®èæ¬ãå·çããå幎æ¥ã«è£œäœãéå§ãããããã¯åŠ»(ã·ã«ãŽã£ã¢ã»ã·ãããŒ)ã«å
ç·ã§ç Žå£æŽ»åãããã¢ããŒãã¹ã(ãªã¹ã«ãŒã»ãã¢ã«ã«)ãæããäœåã§ãå幎ã«å
¬éããããšããã©ãšãã£ãèªã«ãç£ç£ã®å·§ã¿ã§çç·Žããæããè·äººçãªææ³ã§äœãããå·§åŠãªãã®äœåã®ãã¡ãã¡ã§å
ã£ãŠããããšè©ãããã
ããµãã¿ãŒãžã¥ãã®å®æåŸããŽãŒã¢ã³ã»ããªãã£ãã·ã¥ã¯è²¡æ¿çåé¡ã§è£œäœéšéãééããä»åŸã¯åãªãé
絊äŒç€Ÿã«ãªãããšãçºè¡šãããããã«ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãå瀟ã®åäŒç€Ÿã«ãªã£ãŠããå€å·£ã®ã²ã€ã³ãºããã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºãš2æ¬ã®æ ç»ãæ®ãå¥çŽãçµãã ããã®1æ¬ç®ã¯ãžã§ã»ãã£ã³ã»ãã€ã®å°èª¬ãããŠãœã¯ã®ããã«äžã·ãªã³ã°ãããåäœã®ã第3é亡è
ã(1937幎11æå
¬é)ã§ã1937幎3æãŸã§ã«ããããããšèæ¬ã«åãçµã¿ã5æã«æ®åœ±ãçµããããã®äœåã¯æ®ºäººç¯ãšçãããŠèŠå¯ã«è¿œãããç¡å®ã®ç·ã®éåœãæãç¯çœªã¹ãªã©ãŒã§ãããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã»ã¿ã€ã ãºãçŽã«ã¯ãéããªé
åãåããæ ç»ããšè©ãããã
å幎8æã«ã¯å®¶æãšäŒæã®ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ãžæ
è¡ã«åºãããé¢ä¿è
ã¯ãã®æ
è¡ã§ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®äŒç€Ÿãšå¥çŽãçµã¶ã¹ããã©ããäžèŠãããã€ããã ãããšæšæž¬ãããå®éã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®æ ç»ç£æ¥ã®æè¡çå¶çŽããèªèº«ãéå°è©äŸ¡ãããŠããããšã匷ãæããŠããããããŠã¢ã¡ãªã«æ
è¡äžãããªãŠããã®ç¬ç«ç³»æ ç»äŒç€Ÿã»ã«ãºããã¯ã»ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã·ã§ãã«ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãº(è±èªç)ãçããæ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã®ããŽã£ããã»Oã»ã»ã«ãºããã¯ã¯ãããã³ãã¯ã«èå³ã瀺ãã婿ã«ãããã³ãã¯ãšäŒãããã«æç€ºããã9æã«åž°åœããæã«ã¯ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã»ã«ãºããã¯ã®ã»ããRKOãMGMãªã©ã®å€§ææ ç»äŒç€Ÿãšå¥çŽäº€æžãé²ããŠããã
10æããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã²ã€ã³ãºããã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºã§ã®ç£ç£2æ¬ç®ãšããŠãäŒç€Ÿå
ã§äŒç»åãã«ãªã£ãŠãããšã»ã«ã»ãªãã»ãã¯ã€ãã®å°èª¬ãè»èŒªã¯åã(è±èªç)ããåäœã®èæ¬ããã«ã«ã³è¶
ç¹æ¥ããåãäžããããã®äœåã¯åè»å
ã§å¿œç¶ãšå§¿ãæ¶ããè婊人(ã¡ã€ã»ãŠã£ããã£)ãæçŽ¢ããã€ã®ãªã¹äººå¥³æ§(ããŒã¬ã¬ããã»ããã¯ãŠãã)ã䞻人å
¬ã®ãµã¹ãã³ã¹ã§ãããæ®åœ±ã¯12æãŸã§è¡ãããç¿1938幎10æã«å
¬éããããšé«ãæåãåãããã€ã®ãªã¹ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æ¹è©å®¶ã«ãè³è³ãããããã©ã«ãã»ããªãã¥ãŒã³ãçŽã«ã¯ãããã«ã«ã³è¶
ç¹æ¥ãã¯ãã»ã¶ã³ãã®ãã£ã³ãã¹ãã¹ãã©ãŽã£ã³ã¹ããŒã®æ¥œèãšåæ§ã«ãç£ç£äžæµã®æ³ååãšæéã®ç£ç©ã ããšè©ãããããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã»ã¿ã€ã ãºãã«ã¯ãã®å¹Žã®ãã¹ãã»ã¯ã³ã®äœåãšåŒã°ããããŸãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã®äœåã§ç¬¬4åãã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯æ ç»æ¹è©å®¶åäŒè³ã®ç£ç£è³ãåè³ããã
ãã®äœåã«åãçµãã§ããéãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã»ã«ãºããã¯ãšã®äº€æžã¯ç¶ããããã1938幎6æã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯å¥çŽããŸãšããããåã³ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã蚪ãã7æ14æ¥ã«ã»ã«ãºããã¯ãšã®å¥çŽæžã«çœ²åãããå¥çŽã§ã¯å¹Žã«1æ¬ãã€ãèš4æ¬ã®æ ç»ãæ®ãã1æ¬ããã5äžãã«ã®ã®ã£ã©ãåãåãããšã«ãªã£ãŠãããå¥çŽãå±¥è¡ãããã®ã¯1939幎4æããã§ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ãžåºçºãããŸã§ã®éããã£ãŒã«ãºã»ããŒãã³ãšãšãŒãªããã»ãããŒ(ãã€ãèªç)ãèšç«ããæ ç»è£œäœäŒç€Ÿã¡ã€ãã©ã¯ãŒã»ãããã¯ã·ã§ã³ãº(è±èªç)ã®ããã«ããããã»ãã¥ã»ã¢ãŒãªãšã®æµ·è³åéºå°èª¬ãåäœã®ã³ã¹ãã¥ãŒã ã»ãã¬ã€ãå·çªã®éç£ããç£ç£ãããæ®åœ±ã¯1938幎ç§ã«è¡ããããããããã³ãã¯ã¯éäžã§äœåãžã®èå³ã倱ããäž»æŒã®ããŒãã³ãèªåã®æŒæã®ããã«æ®åœ±ãäœåºŠãäžæããã®ã«èç«ã£ãã1939幎ã«å
¬éããããšèè¡çã«æåã¯ãããã®ã®ãæ¹è©å®¶ã«ã¯é
·è©ãããããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã»ãã©ã«ãã»ããªãã¥ãŒã³ãèªã«ã¯ããã®æ ç»ã¯åŠã«éå±ã§é¢çœããªã...åã«ã¯ãŸã£ããæ°ã®æããã¡ããã©ãã§ããããšæ¹å€ãããã
1939幎2æããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã·ã£ã ãªãŒã»ã°ãªãŒã³ã®å¥èãåŠåããèªå®
ã¢ããŒãã®è³è²žå¥çŽãçµäºãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ãå»ãåã®æ°æ¥éãæ¯ãšéããã3æ1æ¥ã«ã¢ã«ããšãããªã·ã¢ãç§æžã®ãžã§ãŒã³ã»ããªãœã³ãå°å±ã®ã³ãã¯ãšã¡ã€ãããããŠ2å¹ã®æç¬ãšãšãã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«åããŠãµãŠãµã³ããã³ããã¯ã€ãŒã³ã»ã¡ãªãŒå·ã§åºèªããããã®æ°æ¥åŸã«äžè¡ã¯ãã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã«å°çãããã°ãããã³ããã¿ã³ã«æ»åšããããšã«ããµã³ãŒã«ã¹ãžç§»ãããŠã£ã«ã·ã£ãŒå€§éã(è±èªç)10331çªå°ã«ããã¢ããŒãã«äœãã ãããã®æ°ãæåŸã«ã¯ãã«ãšã¢(è±èªç)ã®ã»ã³ãã»ã¯ã©ãŠãã»ããŒã609çªå°ã«ãããã£ãã«ã»ãã³ããŒããææããå®¶ã«åŒã£è¶ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ç§»äœããã°ããã®ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãæ¯é±æ¥ææ¥ã«å®¶æãšæäŒã®ããµã«åºåžãã宿çã«ãããªãŒãã«ãºã®ã¬ã¹ãã©ã³ã§é£äºããšããšããçæŽ»ãéã£ãã
4æ10æ¥ããããã³ãã¯ã¯æ£åŒã«ã»ã«ãºããã¯ã»ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã·ã§ãã«ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºã«éãããããã®ç£ç£ç¬¬1äœã«ã¯ãåœåã¿ã€ã¿ããã¯å·æ²æ²¡äºæ
ã顿ã«ããäœåãäºå®ãããŠããããã»ã«ãºããã¯ã®æåã§æµãã代ããã«ã»ã«ãºããã¯ãæ ç»åæš©ã賌å
¥ãããããã»ãã¥ã»ã¢ãŒãªãšã®å°èª¬ãåäœã®ãã¬ããã«ããç£ç£ããããšã«ãªã£ãããã®äœåã¯19äžçŽã®ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®èåãèå°ã§ãå
åŠ»ã®æãåºã«ä»ããŸãšããã倧å¯è±ª(ããŒã¬ã³ã¹ã»ãªãªãŽã£ãš)ã«å«ãã ã¢ã¡ãªã«åš(ãžã§ãŒã³ã»ãã©ã³ãã€ã³)ã䞻人å
¬ã®ãŽã·ãã¯ã»ããã³ã¹é¢šã®å¿çã¹ãªã©ãŒã§ãããããªãŠããã§ã¯ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒãæ ç»è£œäœã®äž»å°æš©ãæ¡ã£ãŠãããããã®äœåã«ãã»ã«ãºããã¯ã®æåã䟡å€åºæºã倧ããåæ ããããããªã»ã«ãºããã¯ãšèžè¡æ§ã远æ±ãããããã³ãã¯ãšã®éã§ãã³ãã³è»èœ¢ãçããããã®æåã®åºæ¥äºã¯ã6æäžæ¬ã«æåºããèæ¬ããåäœã®å¿ å®ãªæ ç»åãæ±ããã»ã«ãºããã¯ã«ãå°èª¬ãšããŠèŠäºã«æåããäœåããã²ããããä¿æªãªæ ç»ã«ããæ°ã¯ãªãããšæåŠãããããšã ã£ãã
å幎å€ã«èæ¬ã®ä¿®æ£ãçµããã9æäžæ¬ã«æ®åœ±ãå§ãããããã®æåã®é±ã«ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠãåçºãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ã«ããå®¶æã®èº«ãæ¡ããæŠäºã«å¯Ÿããäžå®ã¯æ ç»è£œäœã«ã圱é¿ãåãŒãããæ®åœ±äžããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã»ã«ãºããã¯ã®å¹²æžã«èç«ã¡ãèŠããäœåãèžè¡çã«å ±ãããªããªããšäžæºãé²ã«ãããã¹ãããŒã¯ãã®äœåãããããã³ãã¯ã®æ ç»ãšããããã»ã«ãºããã¯ã®æ ç»ã§ããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããä»ã®ãããã³ãã¯äœåã«éããç¬èªã®èŠèŠçãªã¿ããã¯ç¶æãããããŸãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã«ã¡ã©ã®äžã§ç·šéãã(æçµçã«ç·šéãããç»é¢ã«äœ¿ãããã·ãŒã³ã®ã¿ãæ®åœ±ããææ³)ããšããææ³ããšãããšã§ãã»ã«ãºããã¯ãç·šéã§æãå ããããªãããã«ããã1940幎3æã«å
¬éããããã®äœåã¯ã第13åã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã§äœåè³ãåè³ããã»ã«ãºããã¯ã«ãªã¹ã«ãŒåãããããããããããã³ãã¯ãèªèº«åã®ç£ç£è³ã«ããããŒããããäœåã¯ã»ãã«ã9éšéã§ããããŒããããã
ãã¬ããã«ãã®å®æåŸãã»ã«ãºããã¯ã¯ãã°ãããããã¥ãŒãµãŒãšããŠã®æŽ»åã忢ããå¥çŽãã俳åªãç£ç£ãä»ç€Ÿã«è²žãåºããšããæ¹éããšã£ãããããããã³ãã¯ã1944幎ãŸã§ä»ç€Ÿã«è²žãåºãããŠæ ç»ãæ®ãããšã«ãªããã»ã«ãºããã¯ã®äžã«ããæãããæ ç»äœãã®èªç±åºŠãé«ãŸã£ãããããã³ãã¯ã®æ¬¡ã®äœåãæµ·å€ç¹æŽŸå¡ãã¯ç¬ç«ç³»æ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã®ãŠã©ã«ã¿ãŒã»ãŠã§ã³ãžã£ãŒã«è²žãåºãããŠäœã£ãäœåã§ã1940幎3æã«èæ¬ãäœæããå幎å€ãŸã§æ®åœ±ãè¡ããããã補äœè²»ã¯ãããŸã§ã®ãããã³ãã¯äœåã§æé«é¡ã®150äžãã«ãšãªã£ãããã®äœåã¯ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠçŽåã®ãã³ãã³ã«æŽŸé£ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«äººèšè
(ãžã§ãšã«ã»ãã¯ãªãŒ)ããããã¹ã®ã¹ãã€ã®æ¿æ²»çé°è¬ãçªãæ¢ãããšããç©èªã§ããã倧æŠãžã®äžå®ãæ±ããŠãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ããã®äœåã§ãããããŸã«ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®åæŠãæ¯æããçµæ«ã«ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®å€ç«äž»çŸ©ã®æ€åãæ±ããæŠäºãããã¬ã³ãã®èŠçŽ ãåãå
¥ãããå幎8æã«ãŠãã€ãããã»ã¢ãŒãã£ã¹ãã®é
絊ã§å
¬éããããšæåãåãããããã®é ã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ãããç¥åœã®æŠäºåªåãå©ããããã«åž°åœããããšãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ç¡äºå®å
šã«ä»äºãããé亡è
ã§ãããšéé£ãããå¿ãå·ã€ããããã
1940幎8æããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢å·ã¹ã³ãããã¬ãŒè¿ãã«ãã200ãšãŒã«ãŒã®åå°ãæã€å¥èãã³ãŒã³ãŠã©ãŒã«ç§å Žãã賌å
¥ããããã®ç¿æããã¯RKOã«è²žãåºãããŠ2æ¬ã®äœåãç£ç£ãããããã®1æ¬ç®ã®ãã¹ãã¹å€«åŠ»ãã¯å人ã®ãã£ãã«ã»ãã³ããŒãã«é ŒãŸããŠç£ç£ãåŒãåããäœåã§ãããããã¯å¹žãã ãå§å©ã®çµ¶ããªã倫婊(ãã³ããŒããšãããŒãã»ã¢ã³ãŽã¡ãªãŒ)ãæãã¹ã¯ãªã¥ãŒããŒã«ã»ã³ã¡ãã£ã§ãã¢ã¡ãªã«æä»£ã®å¯äžã®ã³ã¡ãã£æ ç»ãšãªã£ãããç¿1941幎1æã«å
¬éããããšèè¡çæåãåããã2æ¬ç®ã®ãæåŽãã¯ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã»ã¢ã€ã«ãºã®å°èª¬ãåäœã§ã倫(ã±ãŒãªãŒã»ã°ã©ã³ã)ãæ®ºäººè
ãšçãåœŒã«æ®ºããããšæã蟌ãããã€ã³(ãã©ã³ãã€ã³)ã䞻人å
¬ã®å¿çã¹ãªã©ãŒã§ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã¯ããã倫ãåŠ»ãæ®ºå®³ãããšããçµæ«ãèããŠããããã°ã©ã³ãã®ã¹ã¿ãŒã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžãæãªããšããŠããããŒãšã³ãã«å€æŽããããããå幎11æã«å
¬éããããšæ¹è©å®¶ã芳客ãã奜æçãªè©äŸ¡ãåãããã®å¹Žã®RKOã®æãåçæ§ã®é«ãäœåãšãªã£ãã第14åã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã§ã¯äœåè³ãªã©3éšéã§ããããŒãããããã©ã³ãã€ã³ãäž»æŒå¥³åªè³ãåè³ããã
ãæåŽãã®æ®åœ±äžããããã³ãã¯ã¯æ°äººã®èæ¬å®¶ãšèªèº«ã®çæ³ã«ãããéèµ°è¿·è·¯ãã®èæ¬ãå·çããããã®äœåã¯ç Žå£å·¥äœå¡ã®çãããããããé幎(ãããŒãã»ã«ãã³ã°ã¹)ã䞻人å
¬ã®ç©èªã§ãããã»ã«ãºããã¯ã¯ãã®èæ¬ããŠãããŒãµã«ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºãšå¥çŽããŠãããããã¥ãŒãµãŒã«å£²ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯å瀟ã«è²žãåºãããŠç£ç£ããããšã«ãªã£ããããã®ç«å Žäžãã£ã¹ãã£ã³ã°ã«å£åºãã§ãããèªåãæãŸãªã俳åªãäŒç€ŸããæŒãä»ãããããæ®åœ±ã¯1941幎12æããè¡ãããç¿1942幎æ¥ã«å®æããŠå
¬éããããšåæ¥çæåãåããããã®ææã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ããããŸã§ã®å®¶ã®æã¡äž»ã ã£ããã³ããŒããé£è¡æ©ã®å¢èœäºæ
ã§æ»äº¡ããããã«æ°å±
ãæ¢ãããšã«ãªãããã«ãšã¢ã®ãã©ãžãªã»ããŒã10957çªå°ã«ããåºå€§ãªæ·å°ãæã€å®¶ã«åŒã£è¶ããããã亡ããªããŸã§ã®äœã¿ããšããã
ãã®æ¬¡ã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã»ã«ãºããã¯ã®å¥³æ§æèžéšé·ã®å€«ãæãã€ããã¹ããŒãªãŒãåºã«ãããçæã®åœ±ã(1943幎1æå
¬é)ãããŠãããŒãµã«ã§ã®2äœç®ãšããŠç£ç£ããããã®äœåã¯ææã®åç¶(ãžã§ãŒãã»ã³ããã³)ãé£ç¶æ®ºäººç¯ãšçãè¥ãåš(ãã¬ãµã»ã©ã€ã)ã䞻人å
¬ã®ã¹ãªã©ãŒã§ãã»ãšãã©ã®ã·ãŒã³ã¯ã¹ã¿ãžãªæ®åœ±ã§ã¯ãªããç©èªã®èå°ã§ããã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢å·ãµã³ã¿ããŒã¶ã§ãã±æ®åœ±ãããããã®æ®åœ±äžã®1942幎9æ26æ¥ããããã³ãã¯ã®æ¯èŠªã®ãšãã79æ³ã§ç
æ»ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯æ¯èŠªã«ã€ããŠå
¬ã«è©±ãããšã¯ãªãã£ãããé¢ä¿è
ã¯åœŒãæ¯èŠªãè³è³ããŠãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããã®4ãæåŸã«ã¯å
ã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ããã©ã¢ã«ãããã®éå°æåã®ãã52æ³ã§äº¡ããªã£ãããå
åŒã¯ã¯ããŸã芪å¯ãªé¢ä¿ã§ã¯ãªãã£ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯æ¯ãšå
ã®æ»ã«ç«ã¡äŒãããšã¯ã§ããªãã£ããããããæ©ã«è¥æºäœåã ã£ãèªãã®å¥åº·ã屿§ããå»åž«ã®å©ããåããŠé£äºçæ³ã«åãçµãã ã
1942幎11æããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã»ã«ãºããã¯ã®æé
ã§20äžçŽãã©ãã¯ã¹ã«è²žãåºãããå瀟ã§2æ¬ã®äœåãæ®åœ±ããããšã«ãªã£ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯UããŒãã«ææ²ããã茞éè¹ã®ä¹å®¢ãšããã¹ã®å°æ ¡ãããã£ãŠæåœèã®äžã ãã§ç©èªãå±éããäœåãæ§æ³ããã¢ãŒãã¹ãã»ããã³ã°ãŠã§ã€ã«èæ¬ãäŸé Œãããæãããæ¬¡ã«ãžã§ã³ã»ã¹ã¿ã€ã³ããã¯ã«äŸé Œããã2人ã®å
±åäœæ¥ã¯ããŸãããããæçµçã«ãžã§ãŒã»ã¹ã¯ãŒãªã³ã°(è±èªç)ãšçµãã§å·çãããããããŠèæ¬ãäœããããæåœèãã¯ã1943幎8æãã11æã®éã«æ®åœ±ãè¡ããããã»ããã¯ã¹ã¿ãžãªã®å·šå€§ã¿ã³ã¯ã«æµ®ãã¶æåœèã®1ã€ã ãã§ãã«ã¡ã©ãåžžã«ãã®äžã«æ®ããŠæ®åœ±ãããšããå®éšçææ³ã詊ã¿ãã1944幎ã«å
¬éããããšããŸããŸãªè©äŸ¡ãåããäžéšã®æ¹è©å®¶ã¯ããã¹ãè³è³ããŠãããšæ¹å€ããã第17åã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã§ã¯ç£ç£è³ãªã©3éšéã§ããããŒããããã
1943幎12æããããã³ãã¯ã¯æ ç»è£œäœã§ç¥åœã®æŠäºåªåã«è²¢ç®ããå¿
èŠæ§ãæããŠã€ã®ãªã¹ã«åž°åœããåäººã§æ
å ±ç(è±èªç)æ ç»éšé·ã®ã·ãããŒã»ããŒã³ã¹ã¿ã€ã³(è±èªç)ã®äŸé Œã§ã1944幎1æãš2æã«ãã©ã³ã¹ã®ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ã³ã¹éåãæãçç·šãããã¬ã³ãæ ç»ãéã®éé¿è¡(è±èªç)ããšãããã¬ã¹ã«ã«ã®åéº(è±èªç)ãã®2æ¬ãæ®åœ±ããããããã亡åœãããã©ã³ã¹äººä¿³åªã®åå£ã¢ãªãšãŒã«ã»ãã¬ã€ã€ãŒãºãåºæŒãããã©ã³ã¹èªäœåã§ãããããããã¬ã³ãã«åœ¹ç«ããªããšããŠãã©ã³ã¹åœå
ã§æ£åŒã«å
¬éãããããšã¯ãªãã£ããå幎6æãš7æã«ã¯ãããŒã¹ã¿ã€ã³ã補äœããããã¹ã»ãã€ãã®åŒ·å¶å容æã«é¢ããããã¥ã¡ã³ã¿ãªãŒãGerman Concentration Camps Factual Surveyãã«ããªãŒãã¡ã³ãã»ã¢ããã€ã¶ãŒãšããŠåå ããããã®äœåã¯1945幎ã®è£œäœäžã«æ£äžãããã1985幎ãŸã§æªçºè¡šãšãªã£ãŠããããŸãã1944幎10æã«ã¯ã»ã«ãºããã¯ã®ã¹ã¿ãžãªã§ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æŠæåœåµ(è±èªç)ã®è²©å£²ãä¿é²ããããã®2åè¶³ããã®ãããã¬ã³ãæ ç»ãThe Fighting Generationããæ®åœ±ããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹æ»åšäžã粟ç¥ç
é¢ãèå°ã®å°èª¬ããã¯ã¿ãŒã»ãšãã¯ãŒãºã®å®¶(è±èªç)ãã®æ ç»åæš©ãååŸãã1944幎3æã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«æ»ããšãããåºã«ãããçœãææãã®èæ¬ããã³ã»ãã¯ããšäœæããã»ã«ãºããã¯ã®äžã§äœã2æ¬ç®ã®äœåãšããŠç£ç£ããããã®äœåã¯ç²Ÿç¥åæãé¡æã«æ±ããèªåã人殺ãã ãšæã蟌ãèšæ¶åªå€±ã®ç²Ÿç¥ç
é¢ã®é¢é·(ã°ã¬ãŽãªãŒã»ããã¯)ãšãåœŒãšæã«èœã¡ã粟ç¥åæå»(ã€ã³ã°ãªããã»ããŒã°ãã³)ã䞻人å
¬ã«ããŠç©èªãå±éããããµã«ãããŒã«ã»ããªã倢ã®ã·ãŒã³ããã¶ã€ã³ãããæ®åœ±ã¯å幎7æãã10æãŸã§è¡ããããããã®éã«ã»ã«ãºããã¯ãšã®å¥çŽãæŽæ°ãããé±çµŠã¯ãããŸã§ã®å以äžãšãªã7500ãã«ã«ãªã£ããäœåã¯1945幎ã«å
¬éããã800äžãã«ã®åçãäžããã第18åã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã§ã¯äœåè³ãç£ç£è³ãªã©6éšéã§ããããŒãããã鳿¥œãæ
åœãããã¯ãã¹ã»ããŒã¶ãäœæ²è³ãåè³ããã
ãã®äœåã®å®æåŸããããã³ãã¯ã¯äœåºŠãã€ã®ãªã¹ãžè¡ããããŒã³ã¹ã¿ã€ã³ãšç¬ç«ç³»æ ç»è£œäœäŒç€Ÿãèšç«ããããã®æã¡åãããããããã®éã«ã¯åã³ãã¯ããšãæ±åãã®èæ¬ãäœæããããã»ã«ãºããã¯ã¯ãã®äœåãèªåã§ã¯äœããããç£ç£ãããã³ãã¯=èæ¬ãã¯ã=äž»æŒããŒã°ãã³ãã®ããã±ãŒãžã«ããŠRKOã«50äžãã«ã§å£²ãããããã³ãã¯ããããã¥ãŒãµãŒãå
Œä»»ãããç©èªã¯ããã¹ã®ã¹ãã€ã®åš(ããŒã°ãã³)ãšåœŒå¥³ã«ååãæ±ããFBIã®è«å ±å¡(ã°ã©ã³ã)ã䞻人å
¬ã«ããŠå±éããããããã®äœåã§å
èŠã®æã®ãããšããã¯ãããã¹ããŠã©ã³é±ç³ãå
µåšå®éšã«äœ¿ããšããèšå®ãæ¡çšããããšã§ããããã®èšå®ã¯åºå³¶åžãžã®ååç匟æäžãããåã®1945幎3æããããã³ãã¯ãšãã¯ããã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢å·¥ç§å€§åŠã®ãããŒãã»ããªã«ã³ã蚪ããããšã«èæ¬ã«æžãå ãããããã®ããã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯äžæçã«é£éŠææ»å±(FBI)ã®ç£èŠäžã«çœ®ããããæ®åœ±ã¯å幎10æãã1946幎2æãŸã§è¡ããã8æã«å
¬éããããšèè¡çæåãåããæ¹è©å®¶ããé«ãè©äŸ¡ãåããã
ãã®æ¬¡ã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ã»ã«ãºããã¯ã®äžã§ããããŒãã»ããã§ã³ã¹(è±èªç)ã®å°èª¬ãåäœã®æ³å»·ãµã¹ãã³ã¹ããã©ãã€ã³å€«äººã®æããç£ç£ããããããã¯ã»ã«ãºããã¯ã«ç¡çã«æŒãä»ããããä»äºã§ãããäœåçã«ãããæ°ããããããªãã£ããèæ¬ã¯ã»ã«ãºããã¯ãå·çãããããã®æ¥ãã®æ¥ã§æžãé²ããŠæ®åœ±çŸå Žã«å±ããããããæ®åœ±ã¯ããŸãé²ãŸããããŸãã«äœåã«å¯Ÿããã»ã«ãºããã¯ã®å¹²æžãå¢ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãããªã»ã«ãºããã¯ã®ããæ¹ãæ°ã«é£ãããçµ¶ãéãªã察ç«ã§å¿æ°çã«æ©ãŸããããããã«ãã£ã¹ãã£ã³ã°ã«ãæ©ãŸããããšãã«äž»äººå
¬ã®ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®åŒè·å£«åœ¹ã®ã°ã¬ãŽãªãŒã»ããã¯ãšäžç·åœ¹ã®ã«ã€ã»ãžã¥ãŒã«ãã³ã圹æã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžã«åããããã¹ãã£ã¹ãã«ãªã£ãŠããŸã£ãããšã«åŒ±ãæãŠããæ®åœ±ã¯1946幎12æãã1947幎5æã®éã«è¡ããã補äœè²»ã¯400äžãã«ãè¶
ããããããã¯ãããã³ãã¯ã®ãã£ãªã¢ã®äžã§2çªç®ã«é«é¡ãªæ ç»ãšãªã£ããåå¹Žå€§æŠæ¥ã«å
¬éããããæ¹è©å®¶ã®åå¿ã¯æªããããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã»ã¿ã€ã ãºãèªã«ã¯ãé³è
ã§åé·ããšè©ãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã®äœåãæåŸã«ã»ã«ãºããã¯ãšã®å¥çŽãçµããããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãããŒã³ã¹ã¿ã€ã³ãšæ°ããèšç«ããç¬ç«ç³»æ ç»è£œäœäŒç€Ÿãã©ã³ã¹ã¢ãã©ã³ãã£ãã¯ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãº(è±èªç)ã§ç£ç£å
Œãããã¥ãŒãµãŒãšããŠæ ç»äœããå§ããèªåã®äœããããã®ãèªç±ã«äœããããã«ãªã£ãããã®ç¬¬1äœã¯ãããã³ãã¯ã®æåã®ã«ã©ãŒæ ç»ãšãªããããŒããã§ããããã®äœåã¯å®éã«èµ·ããã¬ãªãã«ããšããŒãã«ããæ®ºäººäºä»¶ãåºã«ãããããªãã¯ã»ããã«ãã³(è±èªç)ã®æ¯æ²ã®æ ç»åã§ãç¥çãªã¹ãªã«ããåäººãæ®ºå®³ãã2人ã®é幎(ãžã§ã³ã»ããŒã«ãšãã¡ãŒãªãŒã»ã°ã¬ã³ãžã£ãŒ)ã䞻人å
¬ã«ããŠãããåäœæ¯æ²ã¯èå°ã®å¹ãäžãã£ãŠããéãããŸã§ã®å®éã®äžæŒæéã«å³ããŠãã©ããé²è¡ããããããããã³ãã¯ãããæ ç»ã§èŠãããããããã³ã»ããããã»ãã€ã¯ããšããå®éšçãªæ®åœ±ææ³ã詊ã¿ãããã®ææ³ã¯ã«ã¡ã©ã®ãã¬ãžã³ã«å
¥ããã£ã«ã 1å·»å(1000ãã£ãŒã=çŽ10å)ããšã«ã¯ã³ã·ã§ããã§æ®åœ±ããã·ã§ããã®åãç®ã俳åªãå°éå
·ã®ã¯ããŒãºã¢ããã§ã«ã¢ãã©ãŒãžã¥ããããšã§ã1æ¬ã®æ ç»ããŸãããšã¯ã³ã·ã§ããã®ããã«èŠããããããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã®ææ³ããæ ç»ã¯ã«ããå²ããšã¢ã³ã¿ãŒãžã¥ãéèŠãã ãšããèªèº«ã®æ¹æ³è«ãåŠå®ããŠããããããç¡æå³ãªçã£ãã¢ã€ãã¢ã ã£ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããäœåã¯1948幎ã«å
¬éããããšããŸããŸãªæ¹è©ãéããããèè¡çã«ã¯æåããªãã£ãã
1948幎ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ã§ãã©ã³ã¹ã¢ãã©ã³ãã£ãã¯ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºã®ç£ç£2äœç®ãšããŠãããŒã°ãã³ãäž»æŒã®ã³ã¹ãã¥ãŒã ã»ãã¬ã€ãå±±çŸåº§ã®ããšã«ã(1949幎9æå
¬é)ãæ®åœ±ãããããã®äœåã¯èè¡çã«ãæ¹è©çã«ã倱æãããã®åŸãã©ã³ã¹ã¢ãã©ã³ãã£ãã¯ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºã¯æŽ»åã忢ããããã®é ã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ã¿ã¬ã³ãã»ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãæ¥ãè¡ãMCAã®é¡§å®¢ã®ã²ãšããšãªã£ãã1949幎1æã«ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ã¢ãã©ã³ãã£ãã¯ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºã®2æ¬ãé
絊ããã¯ãŒããŒã»ãã©ã¶ãŒã¹ãšãèªãããããã¥ãŒãµãŒãšããŠé¡æãé
圹ãªã©ãèªç±ã«éžã¹ããšããæ¡ä»¶ã§ã6幎åã®éã«4æ¬ã®æ ç»ãçŽ100äžãã«ã®å ±é
¬ã§äœããšããå¥çŽãçµãã ããã®ç¬¬1äœã§ãããèå°ææçãã¯ãžã§ãŒã³ã»ã¯ã€ãã³ãšãã¬ãŒãã»ãã£ãŒããªãããäž»æŒããå幎åã°ã«ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ã¹ã¿ãžãªã§æ®åœ±ãããç¿1950幎2æã«äœåãå
¬éãããããæ¹è©å®¶ã®è©äŸ¡ã¯è³ãããªãã£ãã
1949幎åŸåãã1950幎åãã«ãããŠããããã³ãã¯ã¯èªç±ã«é¡æãéžã¹ãã«ãããããããåµé åãæãããã«çºæ®ã§ããã«ãããããã§ããããã³ãã¯ã¯å€§ããªå¯ãšåœéçå声ãç¯ããæ ªãç³æ²¹ã®æ²¹äºã®ææãããã«ã¯ãµã³ã¿ã¯ã«ãŒãºã«ææããåå°ã§ã¯ã€ã³çšã®ãããŠãæ œå¹ããŠå©çãåŸãã1950幎æ¥ã«ã¯ãããªã·ã¢ã»ãã€ã¹ãã¹ã®å°èª¬ãèŠç¥ãã¬ä¹å®¢(è±èªç)ããèªãã§æéãåããèªåã®ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã«æ ç»åæš©ã®äº€æžãæç€ºããããããã³ãã¯ã¯èæ¬ãæžãããã«ãã·ãŒã«ã»ãã¡ããã«è¿ä»ãããå®çŸã¯ãããæ¬¡ã«ã¬ã€ã¢ã³ãã»ãã£ã³ãã©ãŒãéã£ããæèŠãåããã9æã«ãã£ã³ãã©ãŒãä»äºããéããããã³ã»ãã¯ãã®å©æã®ãã§ã³ãã»ãªãŒã¢ã³ã(è±èªç)ãšæ°ããèæ¬ãæžãçŽããããèŠç¥ãã¬ä¹å®¢ãã¯åè»ã®äžã§èŠç¥ãã¬ç·(ãããŒãã»ãŠã©ãŒã«ãŒ)ããäº€ææ®ºäººãæã¡ãããããããã¹éžæ(ã°ã¬ã³ãžã£ãŒ)ã䞻人å
¬ã®ã¹ãªã©ãŒæ ç»ã§ãããæ®åœ±ã¯å幎ã®ã¯ãªã¹ãã¹ãŸã§ã«çµããã1951幎6ææ«ã«å
¬éããããšæåãåãããã¹ã³ãã¯ãããã³ãã¯ã®ããšãããµã¹ãã³ã¹ã»ã¹ãªã©ãŒã®å·šå ããšåŒãã ã
ãã®äœåã®å®æåŸããããã³ãã¯ã¯åã³èå³ããããããäŒç»ãèŠã€ããããšãã§ãããæ°ããäœåãäœããªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšäžå®ã«é§ããããã1952幎2æã«åŠ»ã®ææ¡ã§ããŒã«ã»ã¢ã³ã»ã«ã (è±èªç)ã®æ¯æ²ãããäºã€ã®è¯å¿(ãã©ã³ã¹èªç)ããåäœã®ãç§ã¯åçœãããã®èæ¬ã«åãçµãã ããã®äœåã¯ããŒãã»ã«ããªãã¯ã®åžç¥(ã¢ã³ãŽã¡ãªãŒã»ã¯ãªãã)ããããã®ç§è·¡ã®å®ç§çŸ©åã«ãããæ®ºäººãåçœããç·ã®ããšãå£å€ããããšãã§ãããèªèº«ã殺人è
ãšçããããšããç©èªã§ãããæ®åœ±ã¯8æãã10æã®éã«è¡ããããããããã³ãã¯ã¯äž»æŒã®ã¯ãªããã®é床ãªé£²é
ãšã¡ãœããæŒæãæ°ã«å
¥ããã2人ã®ååé¢ä¿ã¯ããŸãäžæããããªãã£ãããã®äœåã¯ãŠãŒã¢ã¢ã®èŠçŽ ãæ¬ ãããããã³ãã¯ã®æ°å°ãªããµã¹ãã³ã¹æ ç»ã®1æ¬ã ã£ãããåŸå¹Žã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãããééããšèŠãªããã1953幎2æã«å
¬éããããšãããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã»ãã©ã«ãã»ããªãã¥ãŒã³ãçŽã®æ¹è©å®¶ã«ãæ¬æ¥ãªãåãå³ã®éããã€ãã®ãããªãããã³ãã¯ã®æŒåºãéèŠãããéç¶ãšããªãç¶æ³ã§éã£ãŠããŸã£ãŠããããšè©ãããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ã¯ãŒããŒã»ãã©ã¶ãŒã¹ãšã®å¥çŽã®æåŸã®äœåãšããŠããã€ãŽã£ããã»ãã³ã«ã³(è±èªç)ã®å°èª¬ããã©ã³ãã«ã»ããã·ã¥ãã®æ ç»åãäŒç»ãããããŸããªãããã諊ãã1952幎ã«ãã³ãã³ãšãã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã§äžæŒãããŠå€§ããããããã¬ããªãã¯ã»ããã(è±èªç)åäœã®èå°åããã€ã€ã«Mãå»»ã!ãã®æ ç»åã«åãããã£ããç©èªã¯è¥ã劻(ã°ã¬ãŒã¹ã»ã±ãªãŒ)ã®æ®ºäººãäŒãŠãå¥ã®äººã«æ®ºãããããšããå
ããã¹éžæ(ã¬ã€ã»ãã©ã³ã)ã䞻人å
¬ã§ã劻ãèªå·±é²è¡ãã襲æè
ãæ®ºããŠããŸãããšã§äºæ
ã¯è€éã«ãªããæ®åœ±ã¯1953幎7æãã9æã®éã«è¡ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã35æ¥éã§æ®ãäžããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããã¯ãŒããŒã»ãã©ã¶ãŒã¹ã¯ãã®äœåãåœææµè¡ãã3Dæ ç»ãšããŠäœããããã1954幎ã«å
¬éãããæã«ã¯3Dæ ç»ã®æµè¡ã¯ããããã»ãšãã©ã®åå Žã§ã¯éåžžã®åœ¢ã§äžæ ãããã
1953幎å€ããããã³ãã¯ã¯èªèº«ã®ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã§ããMCAã®ã«ãŒã»ã¯ããµãŒãã³ãä»ããŠããã©ããŠã³ãã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºãš5æ¬ã®æ ç»ã補äœãŸãã¯ç£ç£ãããã®å©çã«å¯Ÿããæ©åãšäœåã®æçµçãªæææš©ããããã³ãã¯åŽãæã€ãšããå¥çŽãçµãã ããã®æåã®äœåã¯ã³ãŒãã«ã»ãŠãŒã«ãªããã®çç·šå°èª¬ãåäœã®ãè£çªãã§ãæŸéäœå®¶ã®ãžã§ã³ã»ãã€ã±ã«ã»ãã€ãº(è±èªç)ã«èæ¬ãäŸé Œããããã®äœåã¯è¶³ã骚æããŠè»æ€
åçæŽ»ãéãåçå®¶(ãžã§ãŒã ãºã»ã¹ãã¥ã¢ãŒã)ããåçŒé¡ã§åããã®ã¢ããŒãã®äœäººãã¡ã芳å¯ãããã¡ããã®ãã¡ã®1éšå±ã§æ®ºäººãè¡ãããããšã«æ°ä»ããšããç©èªã§ãåäœã«ç¶ããŠã°ã¬ãŒã¹ã»ã±ãªãŒãããã€ã³ãæŒãããæ®åœ±ã¯é 調ã«é²ã¿ãã¹ã¿ããã俳åªãšã®é¢ä¿ãè¯å¥œã ã£ãããããã³ãã¯ãæ©å«ãè¯ãã以åã®ãããªãšãã«ã®ãŒãšåµäœãžã®ç±æãåãæ»ããåŸå¹Žã«ã¯ããã®é ã¯èªåã®ããããªãŒãã»ããšãã«ãã«ã«å
é»ãããŠãããšæã£ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã1954幎8æã«å
¬éããããšå¥œè©ãåããå
¬éãã2幎éã§èè¡åå
¥ã¯1000äžãã«ãè¶
ããã第27åã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã§ã¯ãããã³ãã¯ãç£ç£è³ã«ããããŒããããã
1954幎åãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã©ããŠã³ãã®é圹ã®å§ãã§ãã€ãŽã£ããã»ãããžã®å°èª¬ãåäœã®ãæ³¥æ£æéãã®è£œäœãå§ããããã®äœåã¯å®ç³æ³¥æ£ã®çãããããããå
æ³¥æ£(ã°ã©ã³ã)ãšãåœŒãšæããã¢ã¡ãªã«äººå¥³æ§(ã±ãªãŒ)ã䞻人å
¬ã®ããã³ããã¯ãªãµã¹ãã³ã¹ã§ããã¹ã¿ããžã§ã³ã䜿çšããã¯ã€ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ ç»ãšããŠäœãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯åäœã§çµãã ãã€ãºãšèæ¬ãæžããåå€ã«ç©èªã®èå°ãšãªããã©ã³ã¹ã®ãªãŽã£ãšã©ã§ãã±æ®åœ±ããããç¿1955幎8æã«å
¬éããããšåç±³ã ãã§450äžãã«ã®å©çãåºããããæ¹è©å®¶ã®æèŠã¯åãããã
ãæ³¥æ£æéãã®æ®åœ±äžããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã€ãºã«ãžã£ãã¯ã»ãã¬ãŽã¡ãŒã»ã¹ããŒãªãŒ(è±èªç)ã®çç·šå°èª¬ãåäœã®ãããªãŒã®çœé£ãã®èæ¬ãäŸé Œããããã®äœåã¯ããŒã¢ã³ãå·ã®ç°èãèå°ã«ãããªãŒã®æ»ã§çœªã®æèãæããçºã®äººãã¡ãæããã©ãã¯ã»ã³ã¡ãã£ã§ãããæ®åœ±ã¯1954幎åŸåã«è¡ããã1955幎10æã«å
¬éãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯æ¥æ¬ãå«ãäžçåå°ãæ
ããŠå®£äŒã«åªãããããã©ã³ã¹ä»¥å€ã®åœã§ã¯å®¢å
¥ãã¯æªããæ¹è©ãè³ãããªãã£ãã
1955幎4æ20æ¥ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ããµã³ãŒã«ã¹é¡è£å€æã§ã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœã®åžæ°æš©ãååŸããããããŸã§ã«ã¯ãžã§ãŒã ãºã»ã¹ãã¥ã¢ãŒããšããªã¹ã»ãã€ãäž»æŒã®æ¬¡åäœãç¥ããããŠããç·ãã®èæ¬ããã€ãºãšäœæããããã®äœåã¯ãææ®ºè
ã®å®¶ãã®ãªã¡ã€ã¯ã ããããããã«ã¯ããŸããŸãªå€æŽãä»ãå ããŠãããåŸå¹Žã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãæåã®ã€ã®ãªã¹ç(ãææ®ºè
ã®å®¶ã)ã¯ãªã«ãããã®æèœã®ããã¢ããã¥ã¢ãã€ãã£ãæ ç»ã ã£ããããªã¡ãŒã¯ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ç(ãç¥ããããŠããç·ã)ã¯ãããã€ãã£ãæ ç»ã ã£ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããæ®åœ±ã¯å幎7æãŸã§ã«è¡ããã1956幎5æã«å
¬éããããšèè¡çæåãåããå
¬éãã1é±éã®ãã¡ã«ãã®å¹Žã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§æé«ã®èè¡åå
¥ãåºããã
1955幎ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã¯ããµãŒãã³ããèªèº«ã®ãã¬ãã·ãªãŒãºãæãããããšãå§ãããããç¥ããããŠããç·ãã®æ®åœ±å®äºåŸã«CBSãšã®éã§30åã®ãã¬ãã·ãªãŒãºããããã³ãã¯åå Žããäœãã1ãšããœãŒãã«ã€ã12äž9000ãã«ã®ã®ã£ã©ãåãåããšããå¥çŽãçµãã ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãžã§ãŒã³ã»ããªãœã³ãšã·ãªãŒãºãäœãããã®è£œäœäŒç€Ÿã·ã£ã ãªãŒã»ãããã¯ã·ã§ã³ãèšç«ãã2人ã§ãã¹ãŠã®ãšããœãŒãã®åäœãšäž»é¡ãéžå®ããã補äœç·ææ®ã¯å
ç§æžã§ããã€ãã®äœåã®èæ¬ã«åå ããããªãœã³ãæ
åœãããããã³ãã¯ã¯è£œäœãšç£ä¿®ãæ
åœããªãããæ¯åçªçµã®ååŸã§å£äžãè¿°ã¹ããã¹ã圹ãšããŠåºæŒãããããããã³ãã¯åå Žãã¯1955幎10æ2æ¥ã«æŸééå§ãã7幎éã«ãããæŸéãããããšã1962幎ãã1965幎ãŸã§ã¯1æéæ ã®ããããã³ãã¯ã»ãµã¹ãã³ã¹ããšããŠæŸéãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãããã®ã·ãªãŒãºã§åãããŠ18話ã®ãšããœãŒããæŒåºããã
ããããã³ãã¯åå Žãã¯éåžžã«åçæ§ãé«ããæŸéåœåããæã人æ°ã®ããçªçµã®ã²ãšã€ãšãªã£ãããããã³ãã¯ããã¹ã圹ã§ã®åºæŒã§èªç¥åºŠãé«ãããã®åãæãããã¥ã©ãŒãªãã®ã«ãããçªçµã®ã¿ã€ãã«ã·ãŒã¯ãšã³ã¹ã¯ãã·ã£ã«ã«ã»ã°ããŒäœæ²ã®ãæã人圢ã®è¬éè¡é²æ²ããããŒãæ²ã«ããããã³ãã¯èªèº«ã®ææãã«ããç·ç»ã®èªç»åã«æšªé¡ã®ã·ã«ãšããããã¬ãŒã ã€ã³ããŠããŠãããŸããšããè¶£åã§ããã®ããšã«å§ãŸããããã³ãã¯ã®å£äžã¯ãŠãŒã¢ã¢ã«ããµããããŒã«ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã§é£ã
ãšããèªãå£ã§åãã®ãç¹åŸŽçã ã£ãã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã¬ãã§ã®æåãåããŠãèªèº«ã®ååã䜿çšããçç·šå°èª¬éãããã€ãåè¡ããããã®äžã«ã¯ããã¬ãã§æŒåºããããšãã§ããªãã£ãç©èªããæ¯èŠªãç§ã«èªããªãã£ãç©èªããšããã¿ã€ãã«ã®ãã®ãå«ãŸããŠããããããã®æ¬ã¯ãããã³ãã¯è²¬ä»»ç·šéã®åç®ã§åè¡ãããããèªèº«ã®çœ²åã«ããåºæã¯å¥äººã代äœããŠããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ååã®äœ¿çšã ãã§å°çšãåãåã£ãããŸãããããã³ãã¯ã¯1956幎ã«HSDåºç瀟ããåè¡ãããç¯çœªãšæ¢åµå°èª¬å°éã®æåéèªãã¢ã«ãã¬ããã»ãããã³ãã¯ã¹ã»ãã¹ããªãŒã»ãã¬ãžã³(è±èªç)(AHMM)ãã«ãèªèº«ã®ååã䜿ãããšãèš±å¯ããããããã³ãã¯ã®æ¬ã®å€åœèªçã¯å¹Žéæå€§10äžãã«ã®åå
¥ããããããããããã«æ ç»ã®èè¡çæåããã¬ãå¥çŽãªã©ã§ã倧ããªå©çãç²åŸãã1956幎ã®ãããã³ãã¯ã®åå
¥ã¯400äžãã«ãè¶
ããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã®æ¬¡ã®ç£ç£æ ç»ã¯ãééããããç·ã(1956幎12æå
¬é)ã§ããããã®äœåã¯éå»ã«ã¯ãŒããŒã»ãã©ã¶ãŒã¹ãšäº€ãããŠãããå瀟ãšã®å¥çŽçµäºåŸã«ã®ã£ã©ãè²°ããã«1æ¬æ ç»ãç£ç£ãããšããçŽæãæããããã«äœã£ãäœåã§ãããããã¯ãã¯ã¹ãŠã§ã«ã»ã¢ã³ããŒãœã³ã1953幎ã«ãã©ã€ããèªã«æ²èŒããå®è©±ãåºã«ããŠããããã€ãã¯ã©ãã®ãã¥ãŒãžã·ã£ã³(ãã³ãªãŒã»ãã©ã³ã)ãèŠå¯ã®è»œçãªå€æã«ãã£ãŠåŒ·çç¯ã«ã§ã£ã¡ãããããŠé®æãããè£å€ã«ãããããå§¿ãæããŠãããæ®åœ±ã¯1956幎3æãã6æã®éã«è¡ããããããããã³ãã¯ã¯å®è©±éãã«ç©èªãå±éããããããã³ããã¿ã³ãªã©å®éã«äºä»¶ãèµ·ããå Žæã§ãã±æ®åœ±ãè¡ããããã¥ã¡ã³ã¿ãªãŒã»ã¿ããã®ã¢ãã¯ãäœåã«ããããšã§ãªã¢ãªãã£ãé«ããããããããã®äœé¢šã¯ãããã³ãã¯äœåãšããŠã¯ç°è²ãªãã®ã§ãããåŸæ¥ã®äœåã«èŠããããŠãŒã¢ã¢ãç¬ç¹ã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã«æ¬ ããŠããããã«ããŸãè©äŸ¡ãããªãã£ãããã®å®æåŸã®1956幎å€ã«ã¯ãã¢ããªã«ãèå°ã«ããããŒã¬ã³ã¹ã»ãŽã¡ã³ã»ãã«ã»ãã¹ãã®å°èª¬ããã©ãã³ãŽã®çŸœæ ¹ãã®æ ç»åãäŒç»ããåã¢ããªã«ã§æ®åœ±å Žæã®èŠå¯ããããã補äœè²»ãåäœæ°ã®ãšãã¹ãã©ã®èª¿éãªã©ã§åé¡ãçããããäŒç»ãæŸæ£ããã
1957幎1æããããã³ãã¯ã¯é·å¹Žæ±ããŠãããã«ãã¢ã®æªåã§æè¡ãåããã3æã«ã¯ä»åºŠã¯èç³ã®çã¿ã«èŠãã¿ããã®é€å»æè¡ãåãããäœèª¿ãå埩ãããšã1956幎åŸåããæ¬¡åäœã«äŒç»ããŠãããã¯ããŒ=ãã«ã¹ãžã£ãã¯ã®ãã¹ããªãŒå°èª¬ãæ»è
ã®äžãã(ãã©ã³ã¹èªç)ããåäœã®ãããŸããããã©ããŠã³ãã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºã§è£œäœãã9æãã12æã®éã«ã¹ã¿ãžãªãšåã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢ã®ãã±ã§æ®åœ±ãè¡ã£ããç©èªã¯é«æææçã§èŠå¯ãèŸããå
åäº(ã¹ãã¥ã¢ãŒã)ã䞻人å
¬ã§ãèªæ®ºãäŒãŠãå人ã®åŠ»(ãã ã»ããŽã¡ã¯)ãæã£ãã®ããã£ããã§åœŒå¥³ã«å€¢äžãšãªããããã®å·çã¯æ²åã«ã€ãªããããã®äœåã¯çŸä»£ã§ã¯å€å
žçäœåã«äœçœ®ä»ããããŠãããã1958幎ã®å
¬éåœæã¯èè¡çã«æåããããŸãè³èŸã®æ¹è©ãå°ãªããããã©ãšãã£ãèªã®æ¹è©å®¶ã«ã¯ããã³ããé
ãããŠé·ãããããšè©ãããã 2012幎ã«çºè¡šãããã€ã®ãªã¹ã®æ ç»èªããµã€ãã»ã¢ã³ãã»ãµãŠã³ã(è±èªç)ãã«ããæ¹è©å®¶ã®æç¥šã§ã¯ãå²äžæé«ã®æ ç»ã«éžåºãããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãããŸããã®æ¬¡ã«äœãæ ç»ãšããŠããã¢ã³ãã»ã€ãã¹(è±èªç)ã®å°èª¬ãã¡ãªãŒã»ãã£ã¢å·ã®éé£(è±èªç)ãã®æ ç»åãäŒç»ãããã®ããã«MGMãšå¥çŽãçµãã ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã¢ãŒãã¹ãã»ã¬ãŒãã³ãšä»äºã«åãçµãã ããäž»é¡ãæ±ãã«ãããŠèæ¬äœããããŸãããããã¬ãŒãã³ã«ãã®ä»£ããã«ããããã³ãã¯æ ç»ã®æ±ºå®çãã€ããããããã©ã·ã¥ã¢ã¢å±±ã®å€§çµ±é ãã¡ã®é¡ã®äžã§å€§è¿œè·¡å Žé¢ãæ®ãããããšèšã£ãããšãããªãªãžãã«èæ¬ã®ãåå西ã«é²è·¯ãåãããäœãããšã«ãªããã¬ãŒãã³ã¯ãããŸããã®ããªãããã¯ã·ã§ã³äžã®1958幎8æããèæ¬ã«åãçµã¿å§ããããã®äœåã¯ã¹ãã€ã®é°è¬ã«å·»ã蟌ãŸããå
šç±³ã転ã
ãšããªããç¯ããŠãããªã殺人ã®å®¹çãæŽããããã«å¥®éããåºåãã³(ã°ã©ã³ã)ã䞻人å
¬ã®ã¹ãã€ã»ã¹ãªã©ãŒã§ãæ§æ³éãã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«æä»£ã®ãããã³ãã¯äœåãç·æ¬ãããããªäœåãšãªã£ããæ®åœ±ã¯å幎8æã«éå§ããç¿1959幎åãã«ã¯ç·šéäœæ¥ã«å
¥ã£ããMGMã®é圹ã¯136åã«åã¶å®æçã®äžæ æéãé·ããããšããŠã«ãããèŠæ±ãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯å¥çŽã§äœåã®æçµæ±ºå®æš©ãä¿èšŒãããŠããããããããæåŠããããšãã§ããã1959幎8æã®ã©ãžãªã·ãã£ã»ãã¥ãŒãžãã¯ããŒã«ã§ã®åå
¬éã¯æåããå
¬éãã2é±éã§40äžãã«ãè¶
ããèè¡åå
¥ãèšé²ããã
1959幎4æããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãåå西ã«é²è·¯ãåããã®æ¬¡åäœã«ãã³ãªãŒã»ã»ã·ã«ã»ã¬ãªã³(è±èªç)ã®å°èª¬ãå€äºã«ä¿éãªã(è±èªç)ãã®æ ç»åãäŒç»ããäž»æŒã«ãªãŒããªãŒã»ããããŒã³ãäºå®ããããå®çŸã«ã¯è³ããªãã£ããå幎çå€ãŸã§ã«ã¯ãå®è©±ã«åºã¥ããããŒãã»ãããã¯ã®å°èª¬ãåäœã®ããµã€ã³ãã代ããã®æ¬¡åäœã«æ±ºãããžã§ã»ãã»ã¹ããã¡ãã«èæ¬ãäŸé ŒãããåŸå¹Žã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãåäœã®ãã·ã£ã¯ãŒã济ã³ãŠãã女ãçªç¶æšæ®ºããããšãããã®åçªããã ãã§æ ç»åã«èžã¿åã£ããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããããããã©ããŠã³ãã®é圹ã¯ãæ¯èŠªã®æãçãŠãéšããèµ·ããç人ã®ã°ãã°ããã話ãã ãšããŠæ ç»åãæžã£ãããããããã³ãã¯èªèº«ã補äœè²»ãè² æ
ããå瀟ãé
絊ã®ã¿ãè¡ããšããæ¡ä»¶ã§è£œäœã決å®ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã§ããã ãçæéãã€äœäºç®ã§äœåã宿ããããããããããã³ãã¯åå Žãã§çµéšãããã¬ãã®æ©æ®ãã®ææ³ãšãã¬ãã®ã¹ã¿ãããæŽ»çšãããæ®åœ±ã¯1959幎11æãã1960幎1æã®éã«ã¬ãŽã¥ãŒã»ã¹ã¿ãžãª(è±èªç)ã§è¡ããããããããã³ãã¯ã¯äœåã®å
å®¹ãæŒããªãããã«ããããæ®åœ±ãæ¥µç§ã®ãã¡ã«é²ããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã®äœåã®ããã«ãèªããåºæŒããäºåç·šãäœæããããå
容ãå£å€ããªãããã«æ±ããåºåãåºãããããŠå€§ããããªå®£äŒãã£ã³ããŒã³ãå±éããåããŠæ ç»é€šã§éäžå
¥å ŽãçŠæ¢ããèè¡æ¹éãå®ããã1960幎4æããã¯ãã®äœåã®å®£äŒãšãã¬ãã¢ã®åºåžã®ãããã¢ã«ããšäžçäžåšæ
è¡ãå
ŒããŠæ¥æ¬ãéŠæž¯ãã€ã¿ãªã¢ããã©ã³ã¹ãªã©ã蚪ããã6æã«äžè¬å
¬éããããšæ¹è©å®¶ã芳客ã®éã§ããŸããŸãªåé¿ãåŒã³ããã®å¹Žã§æã芳客ãåå¡ããç©è°ãéžããæ ç»ãšãªã£ãã補äœè²»ãçŽ80äžãã«ã«å¯ŸããŠãèè¡åå
¥ã¯1500äžãã«ãèšé²ãããããã³ãã¯ã®ãã£ãªã¢ã®äžã§æãåçæ§ãé«ãæ ç»ãšãªã£ããå
¬éåœæã®æ¹è©å®¶ã®å€ãã¯å¥œæçãªæ¹è©ãäžããªãã£ãããåŸã«ãã®æèŠã¯ç¿»ã£ãã第33åã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã§ã¯5床ç®ã®ç£ç£è³ããããŒããåãããåŸå¹Žã«ããµã€ã³ãã¯æãæåãªãããã³ãã¯äœåãšèšããããšãã«ã·ã£ã¯ãŒã«ãŒã ã§ã®æ®ºäººã·ãŒã³ã¯æ ç»å²äžã®åå Žé¢ã«æ°ããããããŸããŸãªç ç©¶ãåæããªãããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ããµã€ã³ãã®æ¬¡äœãšããŠããããŒã«ã»ããã®æ¯æ²ãçœ (ãã©ã³ã¹èªç)ãã®æ ç»åããåçæäžã®äœ¿åœã垯ã³ãé£è¡å£«ã䞻人å
¬ã®ãæã®æãããã£ãºããŒã©ã³ããèå°ã«ãããµã¹ãã³ã¹ãç²ç®ã®ç·ããäŒç»ããããããããå®çŸã¯ããªãã£ãã1961幎8æããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã§ã«æ ç»åæš©ã賌å
¥ããŠãããããã»ãã¥ã»ã¢ãŒãªãšã®å°èª¬ãé³¥(è±èªç)ãã®æ ç»åãæ±ºããåäœããã¯ãããæ¥çªç¶ãé³¥ã人éã襲ãããšããã¢ã€ãã¢ã ããããã ãããšãŽã¡ã³ã»ãã³ã¿ãŒãšèæ¬ãäœæããã1962幎2æã«ã¯MCAã®åäŒç€Ÿãšãªã£ããŠãããŒãµã«ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºãš5æ¬ã®æ ç»ãäœãå¥çŽãçµã³ãã¹ã¿ãžãªå
ã®åºã
ãšããå°çšã®ãªãã£ã¹ã«ç§»è»¢ããããããšåæã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯MCAãšã®å¥çŽã§ãèªèº«ãææããããµã€ã³ããšããããã³ãã¯åå Žãã®ãã¹ãŠã®æš©å©ãšåŒãæãã«ãMCAã®çŽ15äžæ ªãæã«å
¥ããå瀟ã§3çªç®ã®å€§æ ªäž»ã«ãªã£ãã
ãé³¥ãã¯ãŠãããŒãµã«ãšã®å¥çŽã®1æ¬ç®ã§ããã1962幎3æãã7æã®éã«æ®åœ±ãè¡ããããäž»æŒã«ã¯ãããã³ãã¯ããã¬ãCMã§èŠãããå
ã¢ãã«ã®æ°äººãã£ããã»ããã¬ã³ãèµ·çšããããåŸå¹Žã«ããã¬ã³ã¯æ®åœ±äžã«ãããã³ãã¯ããã»ã¯ãã©ãåããŠããããšãæããã«ãããããã¬ã³ã®èªäŒãŸãã¯ã¹ãããŒã®äŒèšã«ãããšããããã³ãã¯ã¯ããã¬ã³ãç·æ§ä¿³åªãšäº€æµãããè§ŠãããããããšãçŠãããã圌女ã ãã«èãããããã«åç¥ãªããšãèšã£ãããã¹ã¿ããã«åœŒå¥³ã®è¡åãèŠåŒµãããããããšããããé³¥ãã¯1963幎3æã«å
¬éãããèè¡åå
¥ã¯æåã®æ°ãæã§1100äžãã«ããããããæ¹è©å®¶ãšèŠ³å®¢ã®æèŠã¯è³åŠäž¡è«ãšãªã£ãã
ãé³¥ãã®æ¬¡ã®äœåãšãªã£ããããŒããŒãã¯ããŠã£ã³ã¹ãã³ã»ã°ã¬ã¢ã (è±èªç)ã®ååã®å°èª¬(è±èªç)ãåäœã§ã1960幎ã«åºçãããæã«æ ç»åæš©ãæã«å
¥ããŠããããé³¥ãæ®åœ±äžã®1962幎3æã«ã¯ããã§ã«åŒéããŠã¢ãã³çåŠãšãªã£ãŠããã°ã¬ãŒã¹ã»ã±ãªãŒäž»æŒã§ãã®äœåãæ ç»åããããšãèããŠããããã±ãªãŒãšã®äº€æžã¯äžæããããã代ããã«ããã¬ã³ãåã³èµ·çšããããã®äœåã¯çªççã®ãã女æ§(ããã¬ã³)ãšããã®ç°åžžæ§ã«é
ãããŠåœŒå¥³ãæããç·æ§(ã·ã§ãŒã³ã»ã³ããªãŒ)ã䞻人å
¬ã®å¿ççãªã¡ããã©ãã§ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯èæ¬ããã³ã¿ãŒã«äŸé Œããããã®ã¡ã«ãžã§ã€ã»ãã¬ããœã³ã»ã¢ã¬ã³(è±èªç)ã«ãŸã£ããå¥ã®ã¢ãããŒãã§æ¹çš¿ãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã®äœåã®ããã«ãæç¬ã®ååã«ã¡ãªãã§åä»ããæ°ãã補äœäŒç€Ÿãžã§ããªãŒã»ã¹ã¿ã³ãªãŒã»ãããã¯ã·ã§ã³ãèšç«ãã1963幎9æã«æ®åœ±ãå§ãã
ãã®æ®åœ±äžããããã³ãã¯ã®ããã¬ã³ã«å¯Ÿããã»ã¯ãã©ã¯ãšã¹ã«ã¬ãŒããããããã¬ã³ã«ãããšããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã¡ã€ã¯éšã«èªåã®ããã«ããã¬ã³ã®é¡ãããã©ã£ããã¹ã¯ãäœãããããèŠæ±ãããããããã³ãã¯ã®éšå±ãšé£ã®ããã¬ã³ã®æ§ã宀ã®éã«æãäœã£ãŠçŽæ¥è¡ãæ¥ã§ããããã«ããããããšãããã¹ãããŒã«ãããšã1964幎2ææ«ã®ããæ¥ã«ã¯ããããã³ãã¯ã¯æ§ã宀ã§ããã¬ã³ã«æ§çé¢ä¿ãæ±ãããããŠããã¬ã³ã®ãã£ãªã¢ãå°ç¡ãã«ãããšè
è¿«ãããããšãèšã£ããšããããã以æ¥ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ããã¬ã³ã«è©±ããããã®ãæã¿ã第äžè
ãéããŠã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ããšã£ãããã®ããäœåã«å¯Ÿããèå³ã倱ãããæè¡äžã®ãã£ãã£ãŒã«ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã»ããã»ã¹ãã»ããã®äœ¿ãæ¹ãªã©ã«ã泚æãæããªããªã£ãã
1964幎7æã«äœåã¯å
¬éãããããæ¹è©å®¶ã®åå¿ã¯æŠãæ¹å€çã§ããã®æèŠã®å€ãã¯æè¡çãªçšæããšç°åžžå¿çãæ¥µç«¯ã«åçŽåããç¹ã®å€èããææãããããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã»ãã©ã«ãã»ããªãã¥ãŒã³ãèªã¯ãæ°ã®æ¯ãªã»ã©æä»£é
ãã§ãæ
ããªãã»ã©æçŽâãŸã£ããã®æåŸ
ã¯ããã§ããããšè©ãããäœåã¯èè¡çã«ã倱æããã¹ãããŒã¯ãã®äœåã§ãããã³ãã¯ãã倧è¡ã®æ¯æã倱ã£ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããããæ°èã«ã¯ãããã³ãã¯ããçŸä»£ã®èг客ã®å¿ãã€ãã¿ãããªã£ãã°ãããããã£ããåããããããšã«ããã®ãã¯ããã¯ãšãŠãŒã¢ã¢ãŸã§å€±ã£ãŠããŸã£ãããšæžãç«ãŠãããããŠãããŒãµã«ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºããã倱æãç¹°ãè¿ãã¬ããæšªæ§ãå
¥ãããã®æ¬¡ã®äœåã«äŒç»ãããžã§ãŒã ã¹ã»ãã·ã¥ãŒã»ããªãŒã®æ¯æ²ãã¡ã¢ãªãŒã»ããŒãº(è±èªç)ãã®æ ç»åããäŒç€Ÿã®å察ã§å®çŸããªãã£ããããã«ãžã§ã³ã»ãã«ã³ã®ã¹ãã€å°èª¬ãäžäººã®äººè³ª(è±èªç)ãã®æ ç»åããã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®èæ¬å®¶ã³ã³ãã®ã¢ãŒãžã§=ã¹ã«ã«ãããªã®ãªãªãžãã«ã»ã·ããªãªã§ãRã»Rã»Rã»Rããæ®ãããšãäŒç»ããããããããå®çŸã«ã¯è³ããã«çµãã£ãã
3æ¬ã®äŒç»ãæµããããšããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®å€äº€å®ããã«ãã»ãã¯ãªãŒã³ãšã¬ã€ã»ããŒãžã§ã¹(è±èªç)ããœé£ã«äº¡åœããäºä»¶ãããšã«ããã¹ãã€ã»ã¹ãªã©ãŒãåŒãè£ãããã«ãŒãã³ããäœãããšã«æ±ºããã1965幎5æã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã»ã ãŒã¢(è±èªç)ãšèæ¬ã«åãçµãã ããã¹ã¯ãªããã«ã¯ããã€ãã®åé¡ããããå·çäœæ¥ã¯7æã«æ®åœ±ãå§ããŠãããç¶ãããããäž»æŒã«ã¯ãŠãããŒãµã«ã®èŠæ±ã§ããŒã«ã»ãã¥ãŒãã³ãšãžã¥ãªãŒã»ã¢ã³ããªã¥ãŒã¹ãèµ·çšãããã圌ãã«æ¯æãããè«å€§ãªã®ã£ã©ã®ããã§äºç®ã¯åãè©°ããããåµäœé¢ã«ãéã䜿ãããã£ããããã³ãã¯ã¯2人ã®ã®ã£ã©ãšé
圹ã«äžæºã衚æããäœåãžã®ããæ°ã倱ã£ãã1966幎å€ã«äœåã¯å
¬éããããäžè©ãéãããããŸã§ã®ãããã³ãã¯äœåã«èŠãããäžè³ªãªãµã¹ãã³ã¹ããŠã£ããããªããç²Ÿåœ©ãæ¬ ããäœåãšèŠãªãããããã¿ã€ã ãèªã«ã¯ããªããšããããã³ãã¯ãã©ããªã«åªããã¿ãããæ«é²ããŠãããã¯ãåªãããããã³ãã¯æ ç»ã¯ã§ããªãã®ã ããšè©ãããã
1966幎æ«ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®æ®ºäººç¯ããŽã£ã«ã»ããŒã¹(è±èªç)ã顿ã«ãããçä¹±ãšäžè¯é¡ããäŒç»ããæ§åã®ãã³ã»Wã»ã¬ãŽã£ã«ã¹ã¯ãªããã®äœæãæäŒãããããã®äœåã¯åå·çã§åæ§æè
ã®æ®ºäººç¯ã䞻人å
¬ã«ããŠãããããŠãããŒãµã«ã¯ãã®ç©è°ãéžãå
å®¹ãšæåã®ããã«æ ç»åãæåŠãããããã³ãã¯ã¯äŒç»ãæ£ã«äžããããšã«ãªã£ãã1967幎ãã£ã±ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯1æ¬ãæ ç»ãäœãããšã¯ãªããã»ãšãã©èªå®
ã«åŒãããããããªç掻ãéã£ããç¿1968幎å€ã«ã¯ãŠãããŒãµã«ã®ææ¡ã§ãã¬ãªã³ã»ãŠãªã¹ã®å°èª¬ã«åºã¥ã巿п代ã®ã¹ãã€ã»ã¹ãªã©ãŒããããŒãºããç£ç£ããããšã«ãããããŠãªã¹ãæžããèæ¬ã¯æºè¶³ã®ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããµãã¥ãšã«ã»ãã€ã©ãŒã«æžãçŽããäŸé Œãããæ®åœ±ã¯ããªãããã¯ã·ã§ã³ãå®å
šã«çµãããªããã¡ã«å§ãŸããåã·ãŒã³ã®æ®åœ±ã®2ã3æ¥åã«ãã®ã·ããªãªãæžããšããå
·åã§é²ããããã1969幎12æã«äœåã¯å
¬éãããããèŠ³å®¢ãæ¹è©å®¶ããã¯å€±æãšããããè©äŸ¡ãåãããããã³ãã¯èªèº«ããã¿ããäœåã ã£ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
äœåã3æ¬ç¶ããŠå€±æãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã1970幎ã«èªèº«ãããŠãªããããã®æ°ããäž»é¡ãæ¢ãæ±ãããã£ãšãã³ãã³ã§å¥³æ§ã襲ãåå·çã®é£ç¶æ®ºäººç¯ãæãã¢ãŒãµãŒã»ã©ã»ããŒã³(è±èªç)ã®å°èª¬ãGoodbye Piccadilly, Farewell Leicester Squareããåäœã®ããã¬ã³ãžãŒãã®ç£ç£ã決å®ãããçä¹±ãšäžè¯é¡ããæãèµ·ãããããªç©èªãæ®ãããšã衚æãããèæ¬ã¯ã¢ã³ãœããŒã»ã·ã§ãŒãã¡ãŒãå·çãã1971幎ã«ãã³ãã³ãšè¿éã®ãã€ã³ãŠããã»ã¹ã¿ãžãªã§æ®åœ±ããããããããã³ãã¯ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯çŽ20幎ã¶ãã®ã€ã®ãªã¹ã§ã®äœåãšãªã£ãã1972幎ã®ç¬¬25åã«ã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥ã§ã®åå
¬éã¯æåãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã¹ã¿ã³ãã£ã³ã°ãªããŒã·ã§ã³ãåããããã®äœåã¯é«ãæåãåããåç±³ã§650äžãã«ã®å©çãåºãããæ¹è©å®¶ã«ãæ©å¹Žã®ãã£ãªã¢ã®åäœãšèŠãªãããããžã£ãŒã»ã€ãŒããŒãã¯ããµã¹ãã³ã¹ã®å·šå ãæã®èª¿åãåãæ»ãããšè¿°ã¹ããã¿ã€ã ãèªã¯ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãŸã ãŸã 奜調ããšè©ããã
1973幎ãå
šç±³åå°ã§ã¯ãããã³ãã¯äœåã®åé¡§äžæ ãè¡ããããããã³ãã¯èªèº«ãããŸããŸãªæ èªãç§°è³ãåããããã«ãªã£ãããã®å¹Žã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãŽã£ã¯ã¿ãŒã»ã«ãã³ã°(è±èªç)ã®å°èª¬ãéæ®µ(è±èªç)ãã®æ ç»åæš©ã賌å
¥ããã¢ãŒãã¹ãã»ã¬ãŒãã³ãšèæ¬å·çãå§ãããããã®æäžã«å¿èçºäœãèµ·ãããããŒã¹ã¡ãŒã«ãŒãä»ããããšã«ãªã£ããèæ¬å·çã¯1幎ãèŠããæçµçã«ã¿ã€ãã«ã¯ããã¡ããªãŒã»ãããããã«æ±ºå®ãããäŒç€Ÿã¯äž»æŒã«ãžã£ãã¯ã»ãã³ã«ãœã³ãšã©ã€ã¶ã»ãããªãææ¡ãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã«é«ãã®ã£ã©ãæãããšãæåŠããããã代ããã«ããŒãã©ã»ããªã¹(è±èªç)ãšãã«ãŒã¹ã»ããŒã³ãèµ·çšãããæ®åœ±ã¯1975幎ã«è¡ããããããã®éã«ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ç²åŽå°æããé¢ç¯çã®çã¿ã«ãèŠãã¿ããã¹ããããã¯ã·ã§ã³ã¯å¥ã®äººç©ã«ä»»ããã1976幎4æã«å
¬éããããšãå€ãã®æ¹è©å®¶ãã奜æçãªè©äŸ¡ãåããããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã»ã¿ã€ã ãºãèªã«ã¯ãæ©ç¥ã«å¯ãã ãè©ã®ãããªãæå¿«ãªäœå...ã²ãã³ãã«æ¥œãããããã³ãã¯äœåããšè©ãããã
æ©å¹Žã®ãããã³ãã¯ã¯äœåãè¡°ããé¢ç¯çã§æãå¿
èŠãšããã»ã©æ©è¡ãå°é£ã«ãªããã³ã«ããŸã³æ³šå°ãåãããããã§ããããã³ãã¯ã¯æ¯æ¥ãªãã£ã¹ã«è»ã§è¡ããæ¬¡åäœã«åããããããšããããã®äœåã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹äººã®äºéã¹ãã€ã®ãžã§ãŒãžã»ãã¬ã€ã¯ã®å®è©±ã«åºã¥ãããã«ãã»ã«ãŒã¯ãã©ã€ã(è±èªç)ã®å°èª¬ãã¿ãããå€(è±èªç)ãã®æ ç»åã§ã1977幎ã«ãžã§ã€ã ãºã»ã³ã¹ãã£ã¬ã³(è±èªç)ã«èæ¬ãäŸé Œãããã2人ã®ååé¢ä¿ã¯ããã«çµãã£ããæ¬¡ã«ã¬ãŒãã³ã«èæ¬ãäŸé Œãããã®åºæ¥äžããã«äžåºŠã¯æºè¶³ãããã1978幎ç§ã«ã¯3人ç®ã®èæ¬å®¶ããŽã£ããã»ããªãŒãã³(è±èªç)ãéã£ãŠæžãçŽãããããããããããããã³ãã¯ã¯èº«äœã®è¡°åŒ±ã§ç²Ÿç¥çã«æ··ä¹±ããã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãä¹±çšããããã«ãªã£ããå人ã®ãã¥ãŒã ã»ã¯ããŒãã³ã«ãããšãåœæã®ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ããããŸã§ä»¥äžã«æ²ããã§ããŠãã²ãšããŒã£ã¡ã«ãªã£ãŠããããšããã
1979幎3æ7æ¥ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã³ã»ãã£ã«ã ã»ã€ã³ã¹ãã£ãã¥ãŒã(AFI)ããçæ¶¯ååŽè³ãåè³ãããåè³ç¥è³äŒã®æš¡æ§ã¯ãã¬ãäžç¶ããããããããã³ãã¯ã®ã¹ããŒãã¯äºåã«åé²ãããã®ã§ããã®ããã«1é±éåããã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãæã£ãŠäœèª¿ãæŽããŠãããå幎5æããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã¿ãããå€ããäœãããšãæå¿µãããŠãããŒãµã«ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºã®ã¹ã¿ãžãªå
ã«ããèªåã®ãªãã£ã¹ãééããã12æã«ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹å¥³çãšãªã¶ãã¹2äžã«ãã1980å¹Žã®æ°å¹Žåå²è
(è±èªç)ãçºè¡šããããããã³ãã¯ã¯å€§è±åžåœå²ç« ã®ãã€ãã»ã³ãã³ããŒ(KBE)ã®å²äœãæäžãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯å¥åº·ç¶æ
ã®æªåã®ãããã³ãã³ã§ã®åŒå
žã«åºåžããããšãã§ããªãã£ãããã1980幎1æ3æ¥ã«ãŠãããŒãµã«ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºã®ã¹ã¿ãžãªã§é§ç±³è±åœç·é äºããèªèšŒæžãåãåã£ãããã®ããšã«èšè
ããããªã女çéäžã«èªããŠãããã®ã«ãããªã«æéãããã£ãã®ãããšè³ªåããããšããããã³ãã¯ã¯ããã£ããèŠèœãšãããŠãããã§ãããããšçããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯äººçã®æåŸã®æ°ãæãããã«ãšã¢ã®èªå®
ã®ãããã«å¯ãããã§éãããããããã³ãã¯ãæåŸã«å
¬ã«å§¿ãèŠããã®ã¯1980幎3æ16æ¥ã®AFIçæ¶¯ååŽè
ã®æè³åŒã§ããã®å¹Žã®åè³è
ã玹ä»ããããã®æ åã«åºæŒãããå幎4æ29æ¥åå9æ17åããããã³ãã¯ã¯è
äžå
šã®ãã80æ³ã§äº¡ããªã£ããç¿æ¥ã«ãããªãŒãã«ãºã®ã°ããã·ã§ããŒãã»ã«ããªãã¯æäŒã§è¬åãè¡ãããã«ãŒã»ã¯ããµãŒãã³ãã¹ããŒããè¡ãããã©ã³ãœã¯ã»ããªã¥ãã©ãŒããžã£ãããã»ãªãŒãã«ãŒã«ã»ãã«ãã³ãã«ã€ã»ãžã¥ãŒã«ãã³ãã¡ã«ã»ãã«ãã¯ã¹ããã£ããã»ããã¬ã³ãªã©600人ãååããããããã³ãã¯ã®éºäœã¯ç«è¬ã«ä»ããã5æ10æ¥ã«ç°ã倪平æŽã«ãŸãããã2000äžãã«ãšèŠç©ãããããããã³ãã¯ã®è²¡ç£ã¯ã劻ã®ã¢ã«ããšåšã®ãããªã·ã¢ããããŠ3人ã®å«åšã«éºèŽãããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã£ãªã¢ãéããŠãäž»ã«ãµã¹ãã³ã¹ãŸãã¯ã¹ãªã©ãŒã®ãžã£ã³ã«ã«äœçœ®ä»ããããäœåãç£ç£ããããã£ãªã¢åæã«ããã1920幎代ã®ãµã€ã¬ã³ãæ ç»æä»£ãã1930幎代ååã®ããŒããŒæä»£ã«ãããŠã¯ããµã¹ãã³ã¹ãã¹ãªã©ãŒä»¥å€ã«ãã¡ããã©ããã³ã¡ãã£ãæèžæ ç»ãªã©ã®ãžã£ã³ã«ãæãããŠãããããææ®ºè
ã®å®¶ã以åŸã¯ãã¹ãã¹å€«åŠ»ããé€ãå
šäœåããµã¹ãã³ã¹ãŸãã¯ã¹ãªã©ãŒã§ããããããã³ãã¯ã®äœåã«ã¯ããããã³ãã¯çãªãã®ãããããã³ãã¯ãããããèªã¿åããã»ã©ã®ç¬èªã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãããŒãããµã¹ãã³ã¹ã®æŒåºæå·§ãã¢ããŒããèŠããããããã¯ããããã³ãã¯ã»ã¿ããããšåŒã°ããŠããããã®äœé¢šã¯ãäžå®¿äººãã§ç¢ºç«ãããµã€ã¬ã³ãããããŒããŒã«ãããŠããŸããŸãªæ ç»çå®éšãææ³ã®å®éšã詊ã¿ãªããç¬èªã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã远æ±ããããªãŠããã«ç§»ããŸã§ã«ã²ãšã€ã®èžè¡çæ§åŒãšããŠå®æãããããããã³ãã¯èªèº«ã¯ãã€ã®ãªã¹æä»£ã®ãããã®ä»äºã¯ãããã®æ ç»çæ¬èœãåºæ¿ãããã³ããŸããè²æãã...ã€ã®ãªã¹æä»£ã¯æ ç»çæèŠãè§£æŸããã¢ã¡ãªã«æä»£ã¯æ ç»çæèãå
å®ããããšèšã£ãŠããããããããªãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯åæã®æ ç»è£œäœè
ã§ãããžã§ã«ãžã¥ã»ã¡ãªãšã¹ãDã»Wã»ã°ãªãã£ã¹ãã¢ãªã¹ã»ã®ã€ã®åœ±é¿ãåãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã1920幎代ã«ã¯ã»ã«ã²ã€ã»ãšã€ãŒã³ã·ã¥ãã€ã³ç£ç£ã®ãæŠèŠããã§ã ãã³ã(1925幎)ããã»ãŽã©ããã»ããããã³ç£ç£ã®ãæ¯ã(1926幎)ãªã©ã®ãœããšãã»ã¢ã³ã¿ãŒãžã¥æŽŸ(ãã·ã¢èªç)ã®äœåãèŠãŠãã¢ã³ã¿ãŒãžã¥ã®æè¡ãåŠãã ãããã«ã«ã€ã¹ã»ããã¥ãšã«ç£ç£ã®ã·ã¥ã«ã¬ã¢ãªã¹ã æ ç»ãã¢ã³ãã«ã·ã¢ã®ç¬ã(1928幎)ãã¯ãããã«ãã»ã¯ã¬ãŒã«ç£ç£ã®ãå¹é(ãã©ã³ã¹èªç)ãããžã£ã³ã»ã³ã¯ããŒç£ç£ã®ã詩人ã®è¡(ãã©ã³ã¹èªç)ã(1930幎)ãªã©ã1920幎代åŸåãã1930幎é ã®ãã©ã³ã¹ã®ã¢ãŽã¡ã³ã®ã£ã«ãæ ç»ã®åœ±é¿ãåããŠããããããã³ãã¯ããµã¹ãã³ã¹æ ç»ãæ®ãããã«ãªã£ãã®ã¯ãèªèº«ãæèªãããšãã¬ãŒã»ã¢ã©ã³ã»ããŒã®å°èª¬ã®åœ±é¿ã倧ãããããããã¯ã©ãããŠãèªåãæ ç»ã®äžã§ããããšããããšãšãããŒãå°èª¬ã®äžã§ããããšããããã¹ãããªã£ãŠããŸãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
1920幎代ã®ãã€ã衚çŸäž»çŸ©æ ç»ãããããã³ãã¯ã®äœåã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããããã€ã衚çŸäž»çŸ©æ ç»ã¯ãç¬ç¹ã®ãã¢ãã¹ã¯ãŒããç·šéææ³ãå¥æãªæ§å³ãã¢ã³ã°ã«ãªã©ã®èŠèŠç广ã®åŒ·ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã§ãç¬¬äžæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸã®æ··ä¹±ãã瀟äŒãäžå®ã衚çŸããããšã§ç¥ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãããã®äœåãã1ã·ãŒã³ã®äžã§ç·åŒµæãäœãåºãæ¹æ³ãç»é¢å
ã«åŒ·ãå°è±¡ãäžãã衚çŸãçã¿åºãèŠçŽ ãå
ãšåœ±ã人ç©ãšã»ããã®é¢ä¿ã®æ±ãæ¹ãªã©ãå€ãã®ããšãåŠã³åã£ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯1920幎代ã®å©ç£ç£æä»£ã«ãã€ãã§ä»äºãããæã«è¡šçŸäž»çŸ©æ ç»ãåŠãã ãããšãã«Fã»Wã»ã ã«ããŠã®äœåãã匷ã圱é¿ãåããŠããã圌ã®äœåããç§»åæ®åœ±ããã¢ãã¹ã¯ãŒããåŠã³ãåŸå¹Žã«ã¯ãèšèãªãã§ç©èªãèªãããšãåŠãã ã®ã¯ã ã«ããŠããã§ããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããå®éã«ãããã³ãã¯ã®ã¢ãã¯ãäœåã§ã¯ãå¿
èŠä»¥äžã«åœ±ã匷調ããŠãäžå®ãæææãçãäžãã衚çŸäž»çŸ©çãªç
§æå¹æãæ¡ãå
¥ããŠããããã®ææ³ã¯ããããã³ãã¯ã»ã·ã£ãã¥ããšåŒã°ããããŸãããæ±åããèŠç¥ãã¬ä¹å®¢ãããµã€ã³ããªã©ã®åŸæã¢ãã¯ãäœåã§ã¯ã衚çŸäž»çŸ©çãªäžå®å®ã§ãããã ã€ã¡ãŒãžãäžããæ åãæ¡ãå
¥ããŠããã
ããµã¹ãã³ã¹ã®å·šå ããšåŒã°ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãæ åã®ç¹æ§ã掻çšããŠãµã¹ãã³ã¹ãé«ããææ³ã远究ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãµã¹ãã³ã¹ã®åºæ¬çèŠçŽ ãäžå®ãææãªã©ã®ãšã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšèŠãªããããã匷ãæãããããã©ãããã¯ãªã·ãã¥ãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãäœãããããäœåäžã§æç¶ãããããšã§ã芳客ã«ç·åŒµæãäžãç¶ããããšãæ ç»äœãã®éåãšããããã®ãããªã·ãã¥ãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãäœãããã«ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãªã¢ãªãã£ã«ãã ãã£ãããç©èªã®èŸ»è€ãåãããããã«å¿
èŠãªã·ãŒã³ãä»ãããããããšã¯ãããäŸãäžèªç¶ã§ãã¿ã©ã¡ã ãšæãããŠããããåŸãªããããªããšãå¶ç¶ã®é£ç¶ãããããããçµã¿ç«ãŠãããŸããç·åŒµãæç¶ãããµã¹ãã³ã¹ã®äžã«é©åºŠãªãŠãŒã¢ã¢ãå
¥ããããšã§ææãåãããç·åŒµãšãªã©ãã¯ã¹ã䞊眮ãããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã®ãµã¹ãã³ã¹ã¯ã芳客ã«ã ãç¥ããããç¶æ³ãšãããç¥ããªãç»å Žäººç©ã®è¡åãšã®éã®ã®ã£ããã«ãã£ãŠçãŸããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã芳客ããã¹ãŠã®äºå®ãç¥ã£ãããã§ãã¯ãããŠãµã¹ãã³ã¹ã®åœ¢åŒãå¯èœã«ãªãããšäž»åŒµãããããããç¯äººãç¯è¡ã瀺ãããã芳客ã«ã ãããããç»å Žäººç©ã®èº«ã«èµ·ããææã®ç¶æ³ãåç¥ãããããŠç©èªãå±éããããã©ã€ããèªã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã§ã¯ãã10ååŸã«ççºããæéç匟ã仿ããããéšå±ã§3人ã®ç·ãç¡é§è©±ãããããšããã·ãã¥ãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãäŸã«åºããŠãã®ãµã¹ãã³ã¹æŒåºã説æãããããã«ãããšã芳客ãç»å Žäººç©ãç匟ã®ããšãç¥ããªãå Žåããã ããªãäŒè©±ã10åéç¶ããããšã«ççºãèµ·ããããã§èг客ãé©ãããã ãã§çµãã£ãŠããŸããã芳客ã«ã ã10ååŸã«ççºããããšãç¥ãããå Žåã¯ããããã³ãã¯æ°ããççºå¯žåã«ãªã£ãŠäžäººã®ç·ãããããåºããããšãããšã芳客ã®èª°ããããããŠãããšé¡ãããšãããå¥ã®ç·ãããããã¡ãã£ãšåŸ
ãŠããŸã ã³ãŒããŒãæ®ã£ãŠãããšåŒãçããã芳客ã¯å¿ã®äžã§åæ¯ãã€ããé ŒãããåºãŠãã£ãŠãããšãã©ãã©ããããšããç·è¿«æã®ããã·ãã¥ãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãçãŸãããšããã
ãããããµã¹ãã³ã¹æŒåºãå®è·µããäž»ãªäœåã«ãç¥ããããŠããç·ããšããµãã¿ãŒãžã¥ããæããããããç¥ããããŠããç·ãã§ã¯æŒå¥äŒã§éèŠäººç©ãææ®ºããèšç»ãç«ãŠãäžå³ã殺ãå±ã«ãã·ã³ãã«ãæã¡é³Žããããç¬éã«æãŠãšæãããã®ã¬ã³ãŒããç¹°ãè¿ãèãããã·ãŒã³ãããããæ ç»è©è«å®¶ã®åèåäžéã¯ãããã芳客ãå
ã«èŠããŠããŸããããäžå¯§ã§ããããšãããæŒå¥äŒã®ã·ãŒã³ã«ãªããšã芳客ã¯ã©ãã§æã€ããããã£ãŠããã®ã§ãæŒå¥ã®é²è¡ã«ã€ããŠãããããšãµã¹ãã³ã¹ããããŸã£ãŠããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããããµãã¿ãŒãžã¥ãã§ã¯å°å¹Žãå
ã¿ã®äžã«æéç匟ãä»èŸŒãŸããŠããããšãç¥ããã«ãããæã¡éã¶ã·ãŒã³ããããããããã³ãã¯ã¯è¡é ã®æèšãäœåºŠãåããŠççºã®æå»ãè¿«ã£ãŠããããšã芳客ã«ç¥ãããããã«å°å¹Žãéèãé£ã£ãããå°å¹Žã®ä¹ããã¹ãä¿¡å·ã§é²ãŸãªãã£ããããã·ãŒã³ãå
¥ããããšã§ã芳客ã®ç·è¿«æãçãäžããŠããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãµã¹ãã³ã¹ã®ç·è¿«æãæãããããã«ãããŸããŸãªäºæãç»å Žäººç©ã®èŠç·ããæãã芳客ãç»å Žäººç©ã«åå(芳客ãç»å Žäººç©ã®èº«ã«çœ®ããããã®äººç©ã®æ°æã¡ã«ãªã£ãŠèŠãŠããŸãããã«ä»åããããš)ãããããã®ãããªå¹æãäžããããã«ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã«ã¡ã©ã§äººç©ãçæ£é¢ããã¯ããŒãºã¢ããã§ãšãããåãè¿ããŠäººç©ã®èŠç·ãã察象ããšããããšããæŒåºãè¡ã£ãããè£çªãããµã€ã³ããããŒããŒããªã©ã§ã¯ã芳客ãšäººç©ã®èŠç·ãäžèŽãããããšã§ã芳客ãã®ããè¡çºãããç»å Žäººç©ã®å
±ç¯è
ãšãªã圹å²ã«çœ®ããããšãã«ãè£çªãã§ã¯æé é¡ã§ã®ããèŠããã䞻人å
¬ã®ã¯ããŒãºã¢ãããšãã®èŠç·ãã察象ããšãããæ åã亀äºã«ã€ãªãã芳客ã®èŠãŠãããã®ãšäž»äººå
¬ã®èŠãŠãããã®ãåãã«ããããšã§ã芳客ãã®ããè¡çºããã䞻人å
¬ã®ç«å Žã«çœ®ããåœŒã«ææ
ç§»å
¥ã§ãããããªè¶£åã«ããŠããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯å€ãã®äœåã«ããã¯ã¬ãã£ã³ããšåŒã°ããããããã»ããã€ã¹ãæ¡ãå
¥ããŠããããã¯ã¬ãã£ã³ã¯ãµã¹ãã³ã¹ãçã¿åºããããããå±éããããã®ãã£ãããšããŠäŸ¿å®äžèšããããã¢ã€ãã ã§ãããç»å Žäººç©ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯éèŠããããã®ã§ãã£ãŠããäœãæã®ãããã³ãã¯ã芳客ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯äœã®æå³ã®ãªããã®ã§ããããã¯ã¬ãã£ã³ã®äž»ãªäŸã¯ããäžåä¹å€ãã®åœå®¶æ©å¯ã®æŠéæ©ã®æè¡ãããã«ã«ã³è¶
ç¹æ¥ãã®æå·æãæœãŸããã¡ããã£ããæµ·å€ç¹æŽŸå¡ãã®è¬åæ¡çŽã®ç§å¯æ¡é
ããæ±åãã®ã¯ã€ã³ç¶ã®äžã®ãŠã©ããŠã ããåå西ã«é²è·¯ãåããã®ãã€ã¯ããã£ã«ã ãã«ãã©ã³ãšããåã®æ¶ç©ºã®ã¹ãã€ã§ããããããã³ãã¯äœåã®ãã¯ã¬ãã£ã³ã¯ãç©èªã®äžã§äž»äººå
¬ãæµãè¿œãæ±ãããã®ã§ãããããã以äžã®éèŠæ§ãæå³ã¯ãªããããèªäœãäœã§ãããã¯äœåã®éäžãçµç€ã§ãããšãªãæããããã ãã§ããã
ãããã³ãã¯ãç¹°ãè¿ãçšããããŒãã«ããééããããç·(ç¡å®ã®çœªãçããããç·)ããæãããããããã¯ç¡å®ã®ç·æ§äž»äººå
¬ãçªç¶èº«ã«èŠãã®ãªãäºä»¶ã«å·»ã蟌ãŸãããã®ç¯äººãšééãããèŠå¯ãã¹ãã€ã«è¿œãããªãããç¡å®ã蚌æããããã«çç¯äººãè¬ãæ¢ãæ±ãããšããç©èªã§å±éãããå Žåãå€ãããã®äŸã¯ãäžåä¹å€ãã第3é亡è
ããéèµ°è¿·è·¯ããæ³¥æ£æéããåå西ã«é²è·¯ãåãããªã©ã«èŠãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã®ããŒããå€çšããçç±ã«ã€ããŠãã芳客ã«ãã匷ã匷çãªå±æ©æãã²ãèµ·ããããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããæ ç»è©è«å®¶ã®çèŠæåŒã¯ããã®ããŒãã®èŠæ¹ãå€ãããšãã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ã倱ã£ã人ç©ãããããšããã©ãããšããæ
ãäž»é¡ãšãããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããééããããç·ã®ç©èªã§ã¯ã䞻人å
¬ãããŸããŸãªå Žæãç§»åããªããç¯äººã远ããšããã·ãã¥ãšãŒã·ã§ã³ããšããããã®å Žæã¯æåãªèгå
å°ãæœèšã§ããããšãå€ãããããåã«èæ¯ãšããŠã ãã§ãªãããµã¹ãã³ã¹ãé«ããããã«ãã®å°ã®ç¹è²ãçãããŠäœ¿çšããã
ããã²ãšã€ã®é »åºããããŒããšããŠãç§©åºãšæ··æ²ãšã®éã§åè£ããäººæ Œã®ãããåãããããããã¯ãäºéæ§(ããã«)ããšããæŠå¿µã§ç¥ãããŠãããäºéæ§ã¯äž»äººå
¬ãšç¯äººã®ãµããããåã人ç©ã®è¡šãšè£ã§ããããšããäºéäººæ Œãããã¯å身å士ã§ããããšã瀺ããŠããããã®äŸã¯ãçæã®åœ±ãã®åç¶ãšå§ªããããŒããã®2人ã®ç¯äººã®è¥è
ãšæåž«ããèŠç¥ãã¬ä¹å®¢ãã®ã¬ã€ãšãã«ãŒããªã©ã«èŠããããããªã¥ãã©ãŒããæ®ºäººç¯ãšæ¿¡ãè¡£ãçããããç¡å®ã®äººéã¯è¡šè£äžäœã®é¢ä¿ã«ããããšè¿°ã¹ããããããããã³ãã¯äœåã«ã人éã®èãªãé¢ãšçœªããé¢ãšã®èè€ããšããäž»é¡ãèŠåºããŠããããŸããããªã¥ãã©ãŒã¯ééããããç·ã®äž»äººå
¬ããæœåšçã«ç¯æãæã£ã人éãã§ãããšäž»åŒµãããããããããã³ãã¯äœåã«äžè²«ããŠå眪ãçœªæªæã®ã¢ããŒããèŠããããšææããŠããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã¢ã»ã¯ã·ã¥ã¢ãªãã£ã®äž»é¡ãæ±ã£ãããšã§ç¥ãããå°ãªããšã10æ¬ã®äœåã«ãã®åŸ®åŠãªèšåãèŠãããããšãã«ãã¢ã»ã¯ã·ã¥ã¢ã«ãæããäœåãšããŠé »ç¹ã«ææãããã®ããæ®ºäºº!ããããŒãããèŠç¥ãã¬ä¹å®¢ãã®3æ¬ã§ããããšãªãã¯ã»ãã¡ãŒã«ãšã¯ããŒãã»ã·ã£ããã«ã«ãããšããæ®ºäºº!ãã§ã¯é埳ç芳ç¹ããããããŒããã§ã¯çŸå®äž»çŸ©ç芳ç¹ããããèŠç¥ãã¬ä¹å®¢ãã§ã¯ç²Ÿç¥åæç芳ç¹ããããããããã¢ã»ã¯ã·ã¥ã¢ãªãã£ã®åé¡ãæããŠãããšãããæ ç»æ¹è©å®¶ã®ããã³ã»ãŠãã(è±èªç)ã«ãããšããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã£ãªã¢ã®äžã§ã²ã€ã®ä¿³åªãšä»äºãå
±ã«ããŠããã«ããããããããã¢ã»ã¯ã·ã¥ã¢ãªãã£ã«å¯ŸããŠè€éãªææ
ãæã£ãŠãããšãããã¯ã£ã¢æ ç»ç ç©¶è
ã®è
éåªéŠãããããã³ãã¯ãããã¢ã»ã¯ã·ã¥ã¢ã«ã«å¯ŸããŠè€éãã€ççŸããåå¿ã瀺ãç¶ããäœå®¶ãã§ãããšäž»åŒµãããã¢ã»ã¯ã·ã¥ã¢ãªãã£ã«é¢ãããããã³ãã¯ã®åå¿ã¯ããã¢ãã©ãã¢(åæ§æå«æª)ãšãã¢ãšããã£ã·ãºã ãå¥åŠã«æ··ãããã䞡矩çãªãã®ãã§ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
ã¹ãã€ã®è«å ±ãã粟ç¥ç
質ã®åŸåããããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã«ããæ®ºäººãããããã³ãã¯äœåã§ããåãæ±ãããããŒãã§ãããæªåœ¹ãæ®ºäººè
ã¯ãç¥çã§äººéçé
åã®ããå奜çãªäººç©ãšããŠæãããããšãå€ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ããããæ ç»ã®ãã©ãã®ç·åŒµãããããéèŠãªæ¡ä»¶ããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããããã€ãã®äœåã§ã¯ãèŠ³å®¢ãæªåœ¹ãæ®ºäººè
ã®ç«å Žã«èº«ã眮ããŠããŸãããã«æããŠããããããã³ãã¯ãåäŸæä»£ããæ±ããèŠå¯ã«å¯Ÿããæãã¯ããã°ãã°äœåã«çŸããã¢ããŒãã§ãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯å€ãã®äœåã§èŠå¯ã奜æçã«æ±ããã倧æµã¯ç¡å®ã®äž»äººå
¬ã远ã£ãããããççžã話ããŠãä¿¡çšããªãã£ãããäºä»¶ã®ã«ã®ãäœãæŽããªãã£ãããããªã©ãé ŒããªãååšãšããŠæããŠããããã®èŠå¯ã䜿ãæé ã¯ãèŠå¯ãžã®ææã奪ãããèªç±ã®è±¡åŸŽãšããŠãå€ãã®äœåã§çšããå°éå
·ã§ããããã以å€ã«é »åºããå°éå
·ã«ã¯ãã«ãªã¹ã人éã®ç Žæ»
ã®è±¡åŸŽãšããŠç»å Žããé³¥(ãã®äŸã¯ã第3é亡è
ãããµãã¿ãŒãžã¥ããé³¥ããªã©ã«èŠããã)ããç®èãªå¹æãåºãããã«æ®ºäººãäžæ°å³ããšçµã³ä»ããããã«ããŠç»å Žããæç(ãã®äŸã¯ãããŒããããã¬ã³ãžãŒãã«èŠããã)ãããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ã«ã¡ã©ãå
šæ¯ããšãããŠããå¯Ÿè±¡ã«æ¥è¿ããŠãããã©ãã¯ã¢ãããšããç§»åæ®åœ±æ³ãå€çšããããã®æåãªäœ¿çšäŸã¯ãã第3é亡è
ãã®ãã³ã¹ããŒã«ã®å
šæ¯ããç¯äººã®ãã©ããŒã®é¡ãžãšæ¥è¿ãããŸã§ãã¯ã³ã·ã§ããã§ãšãããã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã·ã§ããããæ±åãã®ä¿¯ç°ã§åãã倧åºéã®å
šæ¯ããã€ã³ã°ãªããã»ããŒã°ãã³ã®æã«æ¡ãããéµã®ã¯ããŒãºã¢ãããžãšæ¥è¿ããã¯ã³ã·ã§ãããããµã€ã³ãã®çºã®å
šæ¯ããæ
äºãè¡ãããŠããããã«ã®çªãžãšæ¥è¿ããå°å
¥éšã®ã·ã§ããã§ãããããªã¥ãã©ãŒã¯ãã®æ®åœ±æ³ã«ãããæãé ãããæãè¿ããžãæå€§ããæå°ãžããšãã衚çŸã®ä»æ¹ãããããã³ãã¯æ ç»ã®æ³åã®ã²ãšã€ã§ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããããããç§»å广ã®å¿çšãšããŠããããŸããã§ã¯ã«ã¡ã©ããã©ãã¯ããã¯ãããªãããºãŒã ã¢ããããããšã§ãããŸããèŠãããããªæªãã æ åã衚çŸããããªãŒãºãŒã (è±èªç)(ããŸãã·ã§ãã)ãšããææ³ãåµåºããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã£ãªã¢ãéããŠãããŸããŸãªæ ååææè¡ã䜿çšãããã€ã®ãªã¹æä»£ã®äœåã§ã¯ãé¡ãšãããã¥ã¢ã䜿ã£ãŠäººç©ã倧ããªã»ããã®äžãåãåã£ãŠãããããªæ å广ãåºãã·ã¥ãã¿ã³ã»ããã»ã¹ãæ¡ãå
¥ãããæåãã®å€§è±åç©é€šã§ã®è¿œè·¡ã·ãŒã³ãããææ®ºè
ã®å®¶ãã®ãã€ã€ã«ã»ã¢ã«ããŒãã»ããŒã«ã§ã®ã·ãŒã³ãªã©ã«äœ¿çšããããªã¢ã»ãããžã§ã¯ã·ã§ã³(è±èªç)(ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã»ããã»ã¹)ããã䜿çšããããšã§ãç¥ããããããã®ææ³ã¯äž»ã«çŸ€è¡ã·ãŒã³ãåè»ãèªåè»ãªã©ã®ã·ãŒã³ããæµ·å€ç¹æŽŸå¡ãã®é£è¡æ©ã®å¢èœããèŠç¥ãã¬ä¹å®¢ãã®ã¡ãªãŒãŽãŒã©ã³ãã®æŽèµ°ãªã©ã®ã¹ãã¯ã¿ã¯ã«ãªã·ãŒã³ã§äœ¿çšãããŠããããŸãããéèµ°è¿·è·¯ããè£çªããããŸããã®äººç©ã髿ãã転èœããã·ãŒã³ãªã©ã§ã¯ããã©ããªã³ã°ã»ããã(è±èªç)ã«ããèæ¯ãšæ åãåæããæè¡ã䜿çšããããã®æè¡ã§ã¯åæç»é¢ã®èŒªéã«éã¿ããã£ããã¿ãåºãŠããŸããšããæ¬ ç¹ããã£ããããé³¥ãã§ã¯ããã解決ããããã«ãŠã©ã«ãã»ãã£ãºããŒã»ã¹ã¿ãžãªãéçºããæ°ããåææè¡ãããªãŠã ã»ããã»ã¹(è±èªç)ãæ¡ãå
¥ããé³¥ã人éã襲ãã·ãŒã³ã®åæç»é¢ã§äœ¿çšããã
ç·šéææ³ã§ã¯ãç°ãªãå Žæã§æ®ãããã·ãŒã³ã亀äºã«ã€ãªãã«ããããã¯ãããµã¹ãã³ã¹ãçãäžããææ³ãšããŠå€çšããã䌌ããããªåœ¢ã®ãã®å士ããåããããªåãããããã®å士ã§ã·ã§ãããã€ãªããããã«ãããå€çšããŠããããã®äŸã¯ãåå西ã«é²è·¯ãåããã§äž»äººå
¬ãããã€ã³ãåŽããåŒãäžãããšãå¯å°åè»å
ã®ã·ã§ããã«åãæ¿ãããšããã©ã¹ãã·ãŒã³ããããµã€ã³ãã§ãžã£ãããã»ãªãŒã®ç³ãšææ°Žåããã£ãŸã«ã(è±èªç)ã§ã€ãªãã ã·ãŒã³ã«èŠãããããŸãããã©ããã³ã°ã·ã§ããã䜿ããã«é£ç¶çãªãžã£ã³ãã«ããã§çŠç¹è·é¢ãå€åãããããšã§ã察象ã«è¿ã¥ãããé¢ãããããã¢ãã·ã£ã«ã«ãã(è±èªç)ãå€çšããŠããããã®æåãªäœ¿çšäŸãšããŠãé³¥ãã§çŒãããã¬ãããèŸ²å€«ã®æ»äœã倧äžå°ã®ã·ã§ããã§è¿ã¥ããŠèŠããã·ãŒã³ãæããããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã®å¥³æ§ã®æåã¯ãããŸããŸãªåŠè¡çè°è«ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªã£ãŠããããã§ããã¹ãæ ç»çè«å®¶ã®ããŒã©ã»ãã«ãŽã£(è±èªç)ã¯1975幎ã«çºè¡šããè«æãèŠèŠç快楜ãšç©èªæ ç»ãã§ãç·æ§ã®ãŸãªããããšããæŠå¿µã玹ä»ãããããã³ãã¯äœåã«ããã芳客ã®èŠç·ã¯ãç°æ§æè
ã®ç·æ§äž»äººå
¬ã®èŠç·ãšåãã§ãããšããããããç·æ§èг客ã女æ§ã®ç»å Žäººç©ãã®ããèŠããšããèŠèŠç快楜ãæäŸãããŠãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããè
éã¯ãããã³ãã¯ã®å¥³æ§ã®æãæ¹ã«ã€ããŠããåã«çŸç察象ãšããã ãã§ãªãããã®äžå®ãèŠçãææã女æ§èг客ãåŸå³ã®æªãããã£ãŠæç¥ããããã«ä»åããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
ãããã³ãã¯äœåã®ããã€ã³ã«ã¯ãå€ãã®äœåã§äœåºŠãç¹°ãè¿ããŠæãããç¹åŸŽçãªã¿ã€ããååšãããããã¯ãã¯ãŒã«ã»ããã³ãããšåŒã°ãããæŽç·Žãããé髪ã®ã¯ãŒã«ãªçŸå¥³ã§ãããã¯ãŒã«ã»ããã³ãã®å¥³æ§ãã¡ã¯ç¥çãªé°å²æ°ãæã¡ã衚é¢ã¯å·ãããã§æ
ãŸãããã«è£
ã£ãŠããããå
é¢ã«ã¯çãããããããªæ
ç±ã欲æ
ãç§ããŠãããæ ç»è©è«å®¶ã®å±±ç°å®äžã¯ã圌女ãã¡ãã»ãã¯ã¹ã奜ã¿ãçµå©çžæãã€ããŸããããšã«ãããŠã¯æ¬èœçã«å€©æçã§ãããšææããŠãããããããã³ãã¯èªèº«ã¯ããããããã€ã³ãã¡ã®è¡ååçãããã³ãã³ã(äºäž»ç©ã)ããšå®çŸ©ããå€ãã®äœåã«ããã€ã³ãçµå©ã«åããŠç·æ§ãèªæãããããããæ¡ãå
¥ããŠããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ããã€ã³åœ¹ã«ãã¯ãŒã«ã»ããã³ãã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžã«åèŽããé髪ã®å¥³åªã奜ãã§èµ·çšãããäŸãã°ããäžåä¹å€ããéè«æåŸã®æ¥ãã®ãããªãŒã³ã»ãã£ãã«ããã¬ããã«ããæåŽãã®ãžã§ãŒã³ã»ãã©ã³ãã€ã³ããçœãææããæ±åããå±±çŸåº§ã®ããšã«ãã®ã€ã³ã°ãªããã»ããŒã°ãã³ãããã€ã€ã«Mãå»»ã!ããè£çªããæ³¥æ£æéãã®ã°ã¬ãŒã¹ã»ã±ãªãŒããç¥ããããŠããç·ãã®ããªã¹ã»ãã€ããããŸããã®ãã ã»ããŽã¡ã¯ããåå西ã«é²è·¯ãåããã®ãšãŽã¡ã»ããªãŒã»ã»ã€ã³ããããµã€ã³ãã®ãžã£ãããã»ãªãŒããé³¥ããããŒããŒãã®ãã£ããã»ããã¬ã³ã§ããããšãã«ã°ã¬ãŒã¹ã»ã±ãªãŒã¯ããããã³ãã¯ãæ±ããçæ³çãªå¥³æ§ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžã«æãåèŽãã女åªã§ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯åœŒå¥³ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžããéªããã¶ã£ã掻ç«å±±(å€åŽã¯å·ããããå
é¢ã¯çãããã£ãŠãã女ãšããæå³)ããšè¡šçŸããã
ãããã³ãã¯äœåã«ç»å Žãã女æ§ãã¡ã¯ããã°ãã°å±éºãªç¶æ³ãææã®ã©ãåºã«é¥ã£ãããäºä»¶ã«å·»ã蟌ãŸããããæã«ã¯æ»ã«è¿œããããããªã©ããŠé
·ãç®ã«éãããšãå€ãããã®æåã®ããã«äžéšèè
ããã¯å¥³æ§ã®äŸ¡å€ãèŠäžããŠãããšæ¹å€ãããããããã«å¯ŸããŠã¹ãããŒã¯ãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯å¥³æ§ããæ±åãããè£çªãã®ããã€ã³ã®ããã«ãæã®ããã«é²ãã§å€ãã®å±éºãåã忢ãªäººç©ãšããŠæããŠãããšäž»åŒµããŠãããå±±ç°ãã女æ§ãã¡ã¯äºä»¶ã«å·»ã蟌ãŸãããšéããã®ã§ã¯ãªããäºä»¶ã®æ žå¿ã«è¿«ããç¯äººãåºæ¿ããŠç¯çœªãèªçºããããã®çµæäºä»¶ã解決ãžãšå°ããŠãããšææããŠããã
ãã®ãããªå¥³æ§ã®æãæ¹ã«ã¯ããããã³ãã¯ã®å¥³æ§ã®å¥œã¿ãåæ ãããŠããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãç§èªèº«ã«é¢ããŠèšãã°ãèªåã®æ§çé
åããã£ãºãã«æãåºããŠããŸããªã女æ§ã奜ãã ãã€ãŸããäººãæ¹ãã€ããç¹åŸŽãããŸã衚ã«åºãªããããªäººã奜ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããããªã¥ãã©ãŒã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã§ã¯ããããããã¡ã®æ±ããŠãã女ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžãšããã®ã¯ãäžæµéçŽã®æŽç·Žããã女ãçã®æ·å¥³ã§ãããªãããå¯å®€ã«å
¥ã£ããšããã«åšŒå©Šã«å€è²ããŠããŸããããªããããªå¥³ã ããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããããªã¥ãã©ãŒã¯ãã®å¥œã¿ããããªãç¹æ®ãã§ãåæ§çãªçºæ³ãã§ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããããã³ãã¯äœåã®å¥³æ§ã«é髪ãå€ãã®ãããããã³ãã¯ãé髪女æ§ã奜ãã ããã§ããããã¹ãããŒã«ãããšãã快楜ã®åãã®ãŽã¡ãŒãžãã¢ã»ãŽã¡ãªããäžå®¿äººãã®ãžã¥ãŒã³ã»ããªãã(è±èªç)ãªã©ã®ãã«ãããã®å¥³åªã¯ããããã³ãã¯ã®æåã§é髪ã«å€ãããããšããããã®äžæ¹ã§ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ããªãªã³ã»ã¢ã³ããŒãããªãžããã»ãã«ããŒã®ãããªã»ãã¯ã¹ãããåºãã«ããã°ã©ããŒå¥³åªããç¹çްããæ¬ ããŠããŠããŸãã§ãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ããªãããšèšã£ãŠå¥œãŸãªãã£ãã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯èªåã®äœåã«ã¯ã³ã·ã§ããã ãå°ããªåœ¹ã§ã«ã¡ãªåºæŒããããšã§ç¥ãããŠããããããã³ãã¯ã®ã«ã¡ãªåºæŒã¯ããäžå®¿äººãã§äžè¶³ããŠãããšãã¹ãã©ãè£å
ããããã«èªèº«ãåºæŒããå¿
èŠã«è¿«ãããããšããã£ããã§ãæ°è瀟ã®ç·šé宀ã§èãåããŠåº§ã人ãšããŠåºæŒããããšããå§ãŸã£ãããã以æ¥ããããã³ãã¯æ°ãããŸã£ããã®ãéã³ã®ã€ãããã§ã30æ¬ä»¥äžã®äœåã«éè¡äººãä¹å®¢ãªã©ã®åœ¹ã©ããã§é¡ãåºãããäŸãã°ããèŠç¥ãã¬ä¹å®¢ãã§ã¯å€§ããªã³ã³ãã©ãã¹ãæ±ããŠåè»ã«ä¹ã蟌ã人ãããã€ã€ã«Mãå»»ã!ãã§ã¯åçªäŒã®èšå¿µåçã«åã人ããè£çªãã§ã¯äœæ²å®¶ã®éšå±ã§æèšã®ãããå·»ã人ããåå西ã«é²è·¯ãåããã§ã¯ãã¹ã«ä¹ãé
ãã人ããé³¥ãã§ã¯ãããã·ã§ãããã2å¹ã®åç¬ãé£ããŠåºãŠãã人ãããã¡ããªãŒã»ãããããã§ã¯ã¬ã©ã¹ã«æ ãã·ã«ãšãããšããŠåºæŒãããã«ã¡ãªåºæŒã¯ãããã³ãã¯ã®ãŠãŒã¢ã¢ç²Ÿç¥ã®ããããã§ããããã®ååãšé¡ãæåãªãã®ã«ãããäœåã®äžã§ãããã³ãã¯ã®å§¿ãæ¢ãããšã¯èŠ³å®¢ã®æ¥œãã¿ã«ãªã£ããããã®ããã§ç©èªã«éäžã§ããªããªãã®ãé²ããããåŸå¹Žã®äœåã«ã¯æåã®æ°åã§åºæŒããããã«å¿ãããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã®äœåã¯å𝿥œæåŠã倧è¡å°èª¬ãåäœãšãããã®ãå€ããããããæ ç»åããæã¯å°èª¬ã®æåŠæ§ã«ãšãããããèªåãæ°ã«å
¥ã£ãåºæ¬çãªã¢ã€ãã¢ã ããæ¡çšããããšã¯èªåã®ææ§ã«åãããã«å
容ãäœãå€ãããèæ¬ãèªåã ãã§æžãããšã¯å°ãªãã倧æµã¯ä»ã®èæ¬å®¶ãšäžç·ã«å·çããããèæ¬å®¶ãšããŠèªåã®ååãã¯ã¬ãžããã¿ã€ãã«ã«åºãããšã¯ããªãã£ãããããã³ãã¯ãšäœåºŠãã³ã³ããçµãã äž»ãªèæ¬å®¶ã«ã¯ããµã€ã¬ã³ãæ ç»æä»£ã®ãšãªãªããã»ã¹ã¿ããŒã(è±èªç)ãã€ã®ãªã¹æä»£ã®ãã£ãŒã«ãºã»ãããã(è±èªç)ããããã³ãã¯ã®å
ç§æžã®ãžã§ãŒã³ã»ããªãœã³ãã¢ã¡ãªã«æä»£ã®ãã³ã»ãã¯ãããžã§ã³ã»ãã€ã±ã«ã»ãã€ãº(è±èªç)ãããããããã³ãã¯ã¯èæ¬ã«ã€ããŠãããã«ã€ãããããã«ã€ããå
šäœãããããªãã«ã€ãããããªããã°ãªããªãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããçèŠã«ãããšããããã³ãã¯ãåæ§ã®ã¯ã£ããããäžæµèæ¬å®¶ãšä»äºãå
±ã«ããã«ããããããã宿ããäœåã¯ãŸã£ãããããã³ãã¯ã®ãã®ã«ãªã£ãŠãããšããã
èæ¬ã宿ãããšãããã«æ®åœ±ã«åããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã1ã·ã§ããããšã«ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®èšå®ãã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã«ã¡ã©ã®äœçœ®ãªã©ãã¹ã±ãããã詳现ãªçµµã³ã³ããäœæããæ®åœ±åãŸã§ã«é ã®äžã§äœåã®å
šäœåãã§ãããã£ãŠããããã«ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ããããçŽã®äžã§ãã¹ãŠã®ã·ãŒã³ãèŠèŠåããäœæ¥ããå®éã«æ®åœ±ãè¡ãããšãããéèŠãªäœæ¥ãšèŠãªããããã®ããçŽã®äžã§æ ç»ã宿ãããšããããã³ãã¯ã®ä»äºã¯çµãã£ããåç¶ãšãªããæ®åœ±ã¯åã«ãã¹ãŠãå
·çŸåããã ãã®äœæ¥ãšãªã£ããæ ç»å
šäœãé ã®äžã«å
¥ããŠãããããæ®åœ±äžã«èæ¬ãèŠãããã«ã¡ã©ãèŠã蟌ãã ãããããšã¯ããªãã£ãã補äœã¹ã¿ããã«ã¯èªåã®æ°ã«å
¥ã£ã人ç©ããèªåãæãããšãçè§£ããŠãã人ç©ãèµ·çšããããã®äž»ãªã¹ã¿ããã«ãã€ã®ãªã¹æä»£ã®ã«ã¡ã©ãã³ã®ãžã£ãã¯ã»Eã»ã³ãã¯ã¹(è±èªç)ãã¢ã¡ãªã«æä»£ã«ããŒã ãçµãã ã«ã¡ã©ãã³ã®ãããŒãã»ããŒã¯ã¹(è±èªç)ãç·šéæåž«ã®ãžã§ãŒãžã»ããã·ãŒã(è±èªç)ã衣裳ãã¶ã€ããŒã®ã€ãŒãã£ã¹ã»ããããäœæ²å®¶ã®ããŒããŒãã»ããŒãã³ãã¿ã€ãã«ã»ãã¶ã€ããŒã®ãœãŠã«ã»ãã¹ãããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ã俳åªãªããŠã®ã¯å®¶çãšåãã ããšçºèšããããšã§ç¥ãããŠããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ä¿³åªãæ ç»ã®çŽ æã®äžéšãšèŠãªãã俳åªã®åæ§ãæŒæåã¯æ±ãããã«ã¡ã©ã®åã§æŒæãããããšãããªãããæ±ããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ããªã¥ãã©ãŒã«ã(俳åªã¯)ãã€ã§ãç£ç£ãšã«ã¡ã©ã®æã®ãŸãŸã«æ ç»ã®ãªãã«å®å
šã«å
¥ããããããã§ãªããã°ãªããªãã俳åªã¯ã«ã¡ã©ã«ãã¹ãŠããã ããŠãã«ã¡ã©ãæé«ã®ã¿ãããèŠãã ããæé«ã®ã¯ã©ã€ããã¯ã¹ãã€ããã ããããã«ããŠãããªããã°ãªããªãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããå®éã«ããŒã¬ã¬ããã»ããã¯ãŠãããã¢ã³ã»ãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã¯ãæ®åœ±äžã«ãããã³ãã¯ãæå°éã®æç€ºããäžããã俳åªã®æŒæã«ããŸã泚æãæããªãã£ããšèšŒèšããŠããããŸãããžã§ãŒã ãºã»ã¡ã€ãœã³ã¯ããããã³ãã¯ã俳åªããã¢ãã¡åãããå°éå
·ããšèŠãªããŠãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãæ°ã«å
¥ãã®ä¿³åªãšäœåºŠãä»äºãå
±ã«ããŠããããã®äž»ãªä¿³åªã«4æ¬ã®äœåã«äž»æŒãããžã§ãŒã ãºã»ã¹ãã¥ã¢ãŒããšã±ãŒãªãŒã»ã°ã©ã³ãã3æ¬ã®äœåã§ããã€ã³ãæŒããã€ã³ã°ãªããã»ããŒã°ãã³ãšã°ã¬ãŒã¹ã»ã±ãªãŒãåºæŒåæ°ãæå€ã®6æ¬ã®ã¬ãªã»Gã»ãã£ãã«ãããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã§ã€ãã¹ã»ãã¬ã€ã€ãŒãº=ã©ã¹ããŒæä»£ã®1921幎ã«ãå°æ¥ã®åŠ»ãšãªãã¢ã«ãã»ã¬ãŽã£ã«ãšåããŠåºäŒã£ããã¢ã«ãã¯ãããã³ãã¯ãš1æ¥éãã§çãŸãã16æ³é ããç·šéæåž«ãã¹ã¯ãªãã¿ãŒãšããŠåããŠããããããã³ãã¯ã¯1923幎ããã¢ã«ããšä»äºãå
±ã«ããç¿1924幎ã«ãã«ãªã³ã§ãäžå€ªè
ããæ®åœ±ããããšãã€ã®ãªã¹ãžæ»ãè¹äžã§ã¢ã«ãã«å©çŽãããããã2幎åŸã«çµå©ããã2人ã¯1980幎4æã«ãããã³ãã¯ã亡ããªããŸã§é£ãæ·»ã£ããããã®2幎åŸã®1982幎7æ6æ¥ã«ã¢ã«ããåŸã远ãããã«äº¡ããªã£ãŠããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ã¢ã«ãã®ããšããã人æã¯å¿«æŽ»ã§ã衚æ
ãæãããšã¯æ±ºããŠãªãããããæå¹ãªå©èšãæãæ°ããªãäžãããšã以å€ã«ã¯ç¡é§å£ãäžåãããªãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããã¢ã«ãã¯ãããã³ãã¯ã®æ ç»äœãã®æã身è¿ãªååè
ã§ãããããã€ãã®å€«ã®äœåã§èæ¬ãç·šéãã¹ã¯ãªãããæ
åœããããããã³ãã¯ã¯æ ç»è£œäœã®ããããç¹ã§ã¢ã«ãã®æèŠãéèŠãã圌女ã«èæ¬ãæçµç·šéã®å©èšãæ±ããããé
絊åã®å®æäœåã®æçµãã§ãã¯ãããããããããããã³ãã¯ãšã¢ã«ãã¯çžæ§ã®è¯ã倫婊ã ã£ããã倫婊ãšèŠªãã人ç©ãè¿°ã¹ãŠããããã«ã2人ã¯å€«ãšåŠ»ãšãããããä»äºäžã®ããŒãããŒã®éæã ã£ãããŸããã«ãŒã«ã»ãã«ãã³ã¯ããããã³ãã¯ãã¢ã«ãã粟ç¥å®å®å€ã®ãããªååšãšèŠãªãããã¹ãŠã®ããšã圌女ã§ãã©ã³ã¹ããšã£ãŠãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããããã³ãã¯ã¯AFIçæ¶¯ååŽè³ã®åè³ã¹ããŒãã§ãã¢ã«ããããããã«æã倧ããªææ
ãšçè§£ãšåæ°ãããããŠãããçµå§å€ããã¬ååãæããŸãªãã£ã4人...äžäººã¯æ ç»ã®ç·šéè
ãäžäººã¯ã·ããªãªã©ã€ã¿ãŒãäžäººã¯ãããã®åšã®ããã(ãããªã·ã¢)ã®æ¯èŠªãäžäººã¯å®¶åºæçã«æãèŠäºãªå¥è·¡ããããªã£ãé¡ããŸããªãæç人ã§ãããã®4人ã®ååã¯ã¢ã«ãã»ã¬ãŽã£ã«ãšãããŸãããšç§°ããã
1928幎ã«çãŸãããããªã·ã¢ã»ã¢ã«ãã»ãããã³ãã¯(è±èªç)ã¯ããããã³ãã¯ãšã¢ã«ãã®äžäººåšã§ããããããªã·ã¢ã¯å¥³åªã«ãªãããããã³ãã¯äœåã«ããèå°ææçãã§ç«¯åœ¹ããèŠç¥ãã¬ä¹å®¢ãã§äž»äººå
¬ã®æäººã®åŠ¹åœ¹ãããµã€ã³ãã§ãžã£ãããã»ãªãŒã®äŒç€Ÿã®åå圹ã§åºæŒããã»ããããããã³ãã¯åå Žãã«ãããã€ãã®ãšããœãŒãã«åºæŒããããŸããããããã³ãã¯ã»ãã¹ããªãŒã»ãã¬ãžã³ãã®å¯ç·šéé·ãåããããããªã·ã¢ã¯1952幎ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®å®æ¥å®¶ã®ãžã§ãŒãã»Eã»ãªã³ã³ãã«ãšçµå©ãã2人ã®éã«ã¯ãããã³ãã¯ã®å«åšã«ãããã¡ã¢ãªã»ãªã³ã³ãã«(1953幎4æ17æ¥ç)ããã¬ãµ(1954幎7æ2æ¥ç)ããã£ã¹ãªãŒã³(1959幎2æ27æ¥ç)ãçãŸããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯çæ¥ãå
æ°ã§ããŸã人ãšä»ãåãããããªã人ç©ã ã£ããã¢ã¡ãªã«æä»£ãããŒãã£ãŒã«åºåžããããããªã©ã®ç€Ÿäº€çãªããšã«ã¯èå³ããªããããŒãã£ãŒã§ã¯ãã°ãã°ããŒãã«ã§ç ã蟌ãã§ããŸãããšããã£ããšããããããã³ãã¯ã¯è¥ãé ãããããŸããŸãªæãã¹ãããšãçªåŠãšããŠèªåã®èº«ã«ãµããããããšãæããåžžã«ææªã®äºæ
ãäºæããŠããã«åããŠããããã®äžæ¹ã§ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãããããããã®ã倧奜ãã§ãããã¯åçŽãªããããçšåºŠã®ãã®ãããçžæã«å€§ããªè¿·æããããé
·ããã®ãŸã§æ§ã
ã ã£ããäŸãã°ããã³ãã³ã§ãã£ããŒã»ããŒãã£ãŒãããæã«ã¯ãéãé£ã¹ç©ãèŠãããšããªããšããçç±ã§ãæäŸãããé£ã¹ç©ã®ãã¹ãŠãéè²ã«æãããšããããŸãããæã«ã¯ãå人ã®ãžã§ã©ã«ãã»ãã¥ã»ã¢ãŒãªãšã«æŽŸæãªä»®è£
ããããŠèªå®
ã®ããŒãã£ãŒã«æããããã¢ãŒãªãšä»¥å€ã®å®¢ã¯å
šå¡é»ã®è¶ãã¯ã¿ã€ãä»ããŠçè£
ããŠãããäžäººã ãä»®è£
ãããŠããã¢ãŒãªãšã«æ¥ããããããšããããããã仿ããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ããŸãèŽ
æ²¢ã奜ãŸããæ¯èŒçè³ªçŽ ãªç掻ãéã£ããæè£
ãå°å³ã§ãããŒã¯ãã«ãŒã®ã¹ãŒããšçœãã¯ã€ã·ã£ãããã¯ã¿ã€ãççšãããç§©åºãšç¿æ
£ãéããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãæ¯æ¥ãã®åãæãççšããŠãããè¡£é¡ãã³ã¹ã«ã¯ãŸã£ããåãã¹ãŒãã6çãåãéŽã6è¶³ãåããã¯ã¿ã€ã10æ¬ãåãã¯ã€ã·ã£ãã15æãåãéŽäžã15è¶³å
¥ã£ãŠãããšããããããã³ãã¯ã®å¯äžã§æå€§ã®èŽ
æ²¢ã¯é£äºã§ããã宿çã«é£é奜ã¿ã®çå³ã調éããããæ¯æã€ã®ãªã¹ããããŒã³ã³ãããŒããŒç£ã®èå¹³ç®ã空茞ã§åãå¯ãããããããµã³ãŒã«ã¹ã®ç»è£œä¿èµåŠçäŒç€Ÿã«åããã¹ããŒã¹ã«å±±ã®ããã«è²¯èµããããããªã©ãæçã飿ã«ãã ããçŸé£å®¶ãšããŠç¥ããããæ¥æ¬ã«äºåºŠèšªããéã«ã¯ãããããã£ã±ãæŸåçã®ããŒãã¹ããŒããé£ã¹ãŠãããã¯ã€ã³å¥œããšããŠãç¥ãããèªå®
ã®ã¯ã€ã³è²¯èµå®€ã«ã¯ããããã®å¹Žä»£ç©ã®ã¯ã€ã³ã眮ããŠããã1960幎ã«ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ã®ãã£ãžã§ã³ã§è¡ããããã«ãŽãŒãã¥ã¯ã€ã³ã»ãã§ã¹ãã£ãã«ã§å©ãé
ã®åæã§ããããšã瀺ãç¶¬ç« ãèŽãããããŸããããŠã«ã»ã¯ã¬ãŒããžã§ã«ãžã¥ã»ã«ãªãŒãã©ãŠã«ã»ãã¥ãã£ãã¢ãŒãªã¹ã»ãŠããªããã¢ãŒãªã¹ã»ãã»ãŽã©ãã³ã¯ãªã©ã®ç»å®¶ã®äœåãåéããã
ãµã¹ãã³ã¹æ ç»ã倿°æããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãåäŸã®æããç¯çœªãç°åžžã§æªè³ªãªè¡åã«å¯ŸããŠé«ãé¢å¿ã瀺ããäŒã¿ã®æ¥ã«ã¯ãã³ãã³ã®äžå€®åäºè£å€æ(ãªãŒã«ãã»ãã€ãªãŒ(è±èªç))ã§æ®ºäººäºä»¶ã®å
¬å€ãèŠåŠããŠããŒãã«èšé²ããããã¹ã³ããã©ã³ãã€ãŒãã®ç¯çœªåç©é€š(è±èªç)ãäœåºŠã蚪ãããããã1937幎ã«å®¶æãšã¢ã¡ãªã«ãžèгå
æ
è¡ããæããããŠã¢ãŒã»ãã³ããã¿ã³ã®èŠå¯ã«ç«ã¡å¯ããé¢éããèŠåŠããããåç£æç¶ããå°åãªã©ã®å°éçãªåé¡ã«å€¢äžã«ãªããªã©ã芳å
ã«ã¯çžå¿ãããã¬ããšãããŠåŠ»ãåœæããããšãããã¹ãããŒã¯ãææããã€ããèžè¡å®¶ã®ãªãã«ãããããã³ãã¯ã»ã©ç¯çœªã«ã€ããŠè©²åãªç¥èããã£ãŠãã人ã¯ã»ãšãã©ããªãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããŸãã10代ã®ããããåºãå°èª¬ãèªãããã«ãªã£ãããæèªããã®ã¯ãšãã¬ãŒã»ã¢ã©ã³ã»ããŒãGã»Kã»ãã§ã¹ã¿ãã³ããžã§ã³ã»ãã«ã³ãªã©ã®æšçå°èª¬ããµã¹ãã³ã¹å°èª¬ã ã£ãã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯åäŸã®æããè¥æºäœåã§ããã1939幎æ«ã«ã¯äœéãçŽ165ããã«éãã倪ãéãã§èäžã®çã¿ã«èŠããã ããããã³ãã¯ã®æ®æ®µã®é£äºã¯ããŒã¹ãããã³ã«ãã€ã«ããã ãããããéèæçããã³ãã¯ã€ã³1ç¶ããµã©ãããã¶ãŒãããããŠãã©ã³ããŒã ã£ããã1943幎ã«ã¯é£äºçæ³ã詊ã¿ãæãšæŒã¯ãã©ãã¯ã³ãŒããŒã ããå€é£ã¯å°ããªã¹ããŒããšãµã©ãã ããé£ã¹ãããã®çµæãçŽ50ããã®æžéã«æåãããããèšå¿µã«æ®ããããæåœèãã®ã«ã¡ãªåºæŒãšããŠãæžéåãšåŸã®åçãåäžã«ç»å Žããæ°èã®ããè¬ã®åºåã§äœ¿çšããããã®ããã®ãããã³ãã¯ã¯çŸå®ã«136ãããã91ããã«æžéããç¢å
ã§ããããããã³ãã¯ã«ãããšããã®æ ç»ãèŠãè¥æºäœåã®äººãã¡ããããã®ããè¬ã®å
¥ææ¹æ³ãæããŠæ¬²ãããšããå
å®¹ã®æçŽã殺å°ãããšãããããããæžéãç¶ããã®ã¯é£ããã1950幎ãŸã§ã«äœéã¯å
ã«æ»ããããã©ãããåãããããã«äœéãå¢ããŠããŸã£ããããã§ããããã³ãã¯ã®è¥æºäœåã¯ãèªäœãžã®ã«ã¡ãªåºæŒãããããã³ãã¯åå Žãã®ãã¹ã圹ãéããŠèªèº«ã®ãã¬ãŒãããŒã¯ãšãªããå±±ç°å®äžã¯ããã£ãããªã³ã®æŸæµªç޳士ã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãšåããããæåã«ãªã£ãããšããè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãæ ç»å²ã®äžã§æãåå€§ãªæ ç»ç£ç£ã®ã²ãšããšèŠãªãããŠãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ç€ŸäŒåŠè
ã«ããŒã«ã»ããŒãªã¢ã¯ããç§ã¯ãããã³ãã¯ããã«ãœãã¹ãã©ãŽã£ã³ã¹ããŒããžã§ã€ã¹ããã«ãŒã¹ããšåçã®äœçœ®ã«ããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããäŒèšäœå®¶ã®ãžã§ã³ã»ã©ãã»ã«ã»ãã€ã©ãŒã¯ããããã³ãã¯ããäžçã§æãåºãèªèãããŠãã人ç©ããšåŒã³ãæ ç»æ¹è©å®¶ã®ããžã£ãŒã»ã€ãŒããŒãã¯ãæ ç»ã®äžçŽã®ååã§ããããæãéèŠãªäººç©ã§ããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ååã§èг客ãåå¡ã§ããæ°å°ãªãç£ç£ã§ãããäœåã®å€ãã¯åæ¥çã«é«ãæåãåããã¢ã¡ãªã«æä»£ã®äœåã ãã§ã1å5000äžãã«ä»¥äžã®èè¡åå
¥(ã€ã³ãã¬èª¿æŽåŸ)ãèšé²ããã
ãããã³ãã¯äœåã®ãã¡ããè£çªããããŸãããåå西ã«é²è·¯ãåããããµã€ã³ãã®4æ¬ã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã³ã»ãã£ã«ã ã»ã€ã³ã¹ãã£ãã¥ãŒããéžåºãããã¢ã¡ãªã«æ ç»ãã¹ã100ã(1998幎)ãšãã¢ã¡ãªã«æ ç»ãã¹ã100(10åšå¹Žãšãã£ã·ã§ã³)ã(2007幎)ã®äž¡æ¹ã«ã©ã³ã¯ã€ã³ãããã1992幎ã«ããµã€ãã»ã¢ã³ãã»ãµãŠã³ã(è±èªç)ããæ¹è©å®¶ã®æç¥šã§éžåºãããããã10æ ç»ç£ç£ãã®ãªã¹ãã§ã¯4äœã«ã©ã³ã¯ãããã2002幎ã«åèªãçºè¡šããå²äžæé«ã®ç£ç£ã®ãªã¹ãã§ã¯ãæ¹è©å®¶ã®ããã10ã®æç¥šã§2äœãç£ç£ã®ããã10ã®æç¥šã§5äœã«ã©ã³ã¯ããããå幎ã«ã¯ãMovieMakerãã«ãããå²äžæã圱é¿åã®ããæ ç»ç£ç£ãã«éžåºããã2007幎ã«ã¯ããã€ãªãŒã»ãã¬ã°ã©ããã«ããæ¹è©å®¶ã®æç¥šã§ãã€ã®ãªã¹ã§æãåå€§ãªæ ç»ç£ç£ãã«éžã°ããããã®ã»ãã1996幎ã«ããšã³ã¿ãŒãã€ã³ã¡ã³ãã»ãŠã£ãŒã¯ãªãŒããéžåºããã50äººã®æé«ã®ç£ç£ãã§1äœã2000幎ã«ããããæ¬å ±ããèåäººã®æç¥šã§éžåºããã20äžçŽã®æ ç»ç£ç£ å€åœç·šãã§1äœã2005幎ã«ããšã³ãã€ã¢ããçºè¡šãããå²äžæé«ã®ç£ç£ããã40ãã§2äœã2007幎ã«ãTotal Filmããçºè¡šããã100人ã®åå€§ãªæ ç»ç£ç£ãã§1äœã«ã©ã³ã¯ãããã
æ ç»ããã¥ãŒããŠããé·ãéããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®è±èªåã§ããçšåºŠã®åæ¥çæåãåããŠããã«ããããããã倧æ¹ã®æ ç»æ¹è©å®¶ããã¯åšçšãªãšã³ã¿ãŒãã€ã³ã¡ã³ãäœåãäœãè·äººçãªç£ç£ãšèŠãªãããã¹ããŒãªãŒããªã³ã°ããã¯ããã¯ã¯è©äŸ¡ãããŠãããã以äžã®èžè¡æ§ãæã€æ ç»äœå®¶ãšããŠã¯æ£åœã«è©äŸ¡ãããŠããªãã£ãããšãã«1930幎代ã«ãããŠã®ã€ã®ãªã¹ã§ã¯ãç¥è人ãã¡ãæ ç»ãèžè¡ã§ã¯ãªãäžå±€éçŽåãã®å𝿥œãšèŠãªããŠè»œèããæ ç»æ¹è©å®¶ãã¡ããã€ãããœé£ã®èžè¡æ ç»ãè³è³ããäžæ¹ã§ãããªãŠãããªã©ã®å𝿥œæ ç»ã軜èŠããåŸåããã£ãããããã®ç¶æ³äžã§å𝿥œæ ç»ãäœãç¶ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãžã§ã³ã»ã°ãªã¢ãœã³(è±èªç)ãªã©ã®èŠèããæ ç»äººãæ¹è©å®¶ãããç¬åµæ§ãæ¬ ããŠãããããã¬ãŒããŠããããªã©ãšæ¹å€ããããäŸãã°ã1936幎ã«ã¢ãŒãµãŒã»ãŽã§ãã»ãã¯ããããã³ãã¯ã®ããšããããããè·äººããšåŒã³ãèŠèŠçãªãã¯ããã¯ãè©äŸ¡ããªããããããããã³ãã¯ã®æ ç»ãå
šäœãšããŠèŠãå Žåãç¥çãªå
容ãä¹ããããã«ãŸãšãŸãããªããšæããããããããããã倱æãã€ããŸãšãããšè¿°ã¹ããã¢ã¡ãªã«æä»£ã«ç§»ã£ãŠããã®çŽ10幎éãçå£ãªæ¹è©ãç ç©¶ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã«ãªãããšã¯å°ãªããè±èªåã®æ ç»æ¹è©ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«æä»£ãããã€ã®ãªã¹æä»£ã®äœåã奜ãé¢šæœ®ãæ¯é
çãšãªãã1944幎ã«ãžã§ãŒã ãºã»ãšã€ãžãŒã¯ãããã³ãã¯ã®ãåèœããæ¹è©å®¶ã®éã§åãããŠãããšããè¿°ã¹ãã
ãããªãããã³ãã¯ã®è©äŸ¡ã倧ããå€åããã®ã¯ã1951幎ã«åµåããããã©ã³ã¹ã®æ ç»èªãã«ã€ãšã»ãã¥ã»ã·ããã(以äžãã«ã€ãšèªãšè¡šèš)ã®è¥ææ ç»æ¹è©å®¶ã§ãããšãªãã¯ã»ãã¡ãŒã«ãã¯ããŒãã»ã·ã£ããã«ããã©ã³ãœã¯ã»ããªã¥ãã©ãŒããžã£ã³=ãªã¥ãã¯ã»ãŽããŒã«ãªã©ãããããã³ãã¯ãæè·ãŸãã¯é¡æããæ¹è©ãæžãå§ããŠããã®ããšã§ããã圌ãã¯äœå®¶äž»çŸ©ãšåŒã°ããæ¹è©æ¹éãæã¡åºãããããã³ãã¯ãç¬èªã®æŒåºã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãäžè²«ããäž»é¡ãæã€ãæ ç»äœå®¶(auteur)ããšããŠãåãã嚯楜æ ç»ã®è·äººç£ç£ãšèŠãªãããŠãããã¯ãŒãã»ããŒã¯ã¹ãšãšãã«é«ãè©äŸ¡ããããããã³ãã¯=ããŒã¯ã¹äž»çŸ©ããèªç§°ããŠçãã«ãããã³ãã¯è«ãæ²èŒãããããããã£ããã«ãã©ã³ã¹ã§ã¯ãã«ã€ãšèªã®æ¹è©å®¶ãäžå¿ãšãããããã³ãã¯æ¯æè
ãšãã®æ¹å€è
ãšã®éã§ãèžè¡å®¶ãšããŠã®ãããã³ãã¯ã®è©äŸ¡ãããã倧ããªè«äºãèµ·ããã
1954幎ã«ã«ã€ãšèªã¯ãããã³ãã¯ç¹éå·ãçµã¿ãããªã¥ãã©ãŒãã·ã£ããã«ãã¢ã³ãã¬ã»ãã¶ã³ã«ãããããã³ãã¯ãžã®åæèšäºãªã©ãæ²èŒããã1957幎ã«ã¯ãã¡ãŒã«ãšã·ã£ããã«ãå
±èã§äžçåã®ãããã³ãã¯ç ç©¶æžããããã³ãã¯ããåè¡ãããããŸã§ã«ã€ãšèªã®æ¹è©å®¶ã«ãã£ãŠçãã«è«ããããŠãããç§å¯ãšåçœãå çœªãšææžãªã©ã®ã«ããªãã¯çãªãããã³ãã¯äœåã®äž»é¡ãçã£åããåæããããã¡ãŒã«ãšã·ã£ããã«ã¯ãã®æ¬ã®æå°Ÿã§ããããã³ãã¯ããå
šæ ç»å²ã®äžã§æãå倧ãªã圢åŒã®çºæè
ã®äžäººã§ãããããããã ã«ããŠãšãšã€ãŒã³ã·ã¥ãã€ã³ã ããããã®ç¹ã«é¢ããŠåœŒãšã®æ¯èŒã«èããã(äžç¥)ããã§ã¯ã圢åŒã¯å
容ã食ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã圢åŒãå
容ãåµé ããã®ã ããããã³ãã¯ã®ãã¹ãŠããã®å®åŒã«éçŽãããããšè©ããããã®æ¬ã¯ãããã³ãã¯ãæ¹è©ãç ç©¶ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšããŠæ¬æ Œçã«åãäžãããã倧ããªãã£ãããšãªã£ãã
ã«ã€ãšèªã®æ¹è©å®¶ããããã³ãã¯ãç§°æããŠä»¥æ¥ãæ ç»æ¹è©å®¶ã®éã§ã¯ãããã³ãã¯ã®ä»äºãè©äŸ¡ããããšããåããåºãŸã£ãã1960幎代ããè±èªåã§ããäœå®¶äž»çŸ©ã®åœ±é¿ãåããæ ç»æ¹è©å®¶ãäžå¿ã«ãæ ç»äœå®¶ãšããŠã®ãããã³ãã¯ããããæ¹è©ãé²å±ãããã€ã®ãªã¹ã§ã¯ã1965幎ã«ããã³ã»ãŠãã(è±èªç)ãååœã§åã®ãããã³ãã¯ç ç©¶æžãHitchcockâs Filmsããåè¡ããããŠããã¯ãããã³ãã¯ããããæ¹è©çè°è«ãè±èªåã§æ®åããã®ã«éèŠãªè²¢ç®ãæãããããã²ã€ã»ã¬ãºãã¢ã³æ ç»æ¹è©ã®å
é§è
ã§ããããŠããã¯ããã®èгç¹ããã®ãããã³ãã¯äœåã®åæã§ãå
éãã€ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯ã1962幎ã«ãã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯è¿ä»£çŸè¡é€š(MoMA)ã§è¡ããããããã³ãã¯ã®åé¡§äžæ ã«åãããŠåè¡ãããã¢ãã°ã©ãã®èè
ã§ããããŒã¿ãŒã»ãã°ãããŽã£ããããé·å¹Žã«ããããããã³ãã¯ãæ¯æããã¢ã³ããªã¥ãŒã»ãµãªã¹ãªã©ãããã¡æ©ããããã³ãã¯ã®äœå®¶æ§ãé«ãè©äŸ¡ããæ¹è©å®¶ãšããŠç¥ãããã
ãããããããã³ãã¯ã®æ¹è©ãç ç©¶ã®äžççãªé²å±ãåŸæŒãããã®ãã1966幎ã«è±ä»2ãåœèªã§åæåè¡ãããããªã¥ãã©ãŒã«ãããããã³ãã¯ãžã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒéæãLe Cinéma selon Alfred Hitchcockã(è±èªçã¯ãHitchcock/TruffautããéŠèš³ã¯ãæ ç»è¡ ãããã³ãã¯/ããªã¥ãã©ãŒãã®ã¿ã€ãã«ã§1981幎åçåè¡)ã§ããããã®æ¬ã¯ãããã³ãã¯ã®63æ³ã®èªçæ¥ã«ããã1962幎8æ13æ¥ãã8æ¥éã«ãããããŠãããŒãµã«ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãºã®ã¹ã¿ãžãªã§èš50æéãããŠè¡ãããã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒãæžç±åãããã®ã§ãåœæãŸã§ã«äœããããããã³ãã¯ã®äœåã®æŒåºãææ³ãªã©ã1æ¬ãã€è©³çŽ°ã«æ€èšŒããŠããããã®æ¬ã¯ãããã³ãã¯ç ç©¶ã«ããããã€ãã«ãšãªããæ ç»äœå®¶ãšããŠã®ãããã³ãã¯ã®è©äŸ¡ã®ç¢ºç«ã«æå€§ã®è²¢ç®ãæãããã ãã§ãªãã仿¥ãŸã§ãæ ç»ã®æç§æžããšèŠãªãããåèãšããŠç¥ãããŠããã
以åŸããããã³ãã¯ããããåŠåçè°è«ãç ç©¶ã¯æŽ»çºã«ãªãã瀟äŒã»æ¿æ²»æ¹è©ãæ§é 䞻矩ã粟ç¥åæåŠããã§ãããºã ãæ ç»å²ç ç©¶ãªã©ãããŸããŸãªç«å Žãã倿§ãã€ç·»å¯ãªç ç©¶ãè¡ãããããã«ãªã£ãããã§ããã¹ãæ ç»çè«ã®ç«å Žã§ã¯ã1975幎ã«ããŒã©ã»ãã«ãŽã£ããã®å
é§çè«æãèŠèŠç快楜ãšç©èªæ ç»ãã§ãããã³ãã¯äœåãè°è«ã®äžå¿ã«åãäžãããã以æ¥ãããã³ãã¯äœåã¯çè«ã®å®åŒãšãã®æ ç»æ¹è©ã®å®è·µã«ãããŠåžžã«äžå¿çãªå¯Ÿè±¡ã§ããç¶ããã粟ç¥åæåŠã®ç«å Žã§ã¯ã1988幎ã«å²åŠè
ã®ã¹ã©ãŽã©ã€ã»ãžãžã§ã¯ããžã£ãã¯ã»ã©ã«ã³ã®ç²Ÿç¥åæåŠãåºç€ã«ãããã³ãã¯äœåãåæããç ç©¶æžãåè¡ããããããã³ãã¯ã®æ»åŸæ°å幎ãçµéããŠãããããã®äœåã¯çŸä»£ã®åŠè
ãæ¹è©å®¶ã®éã§å€§ããªé¢å¿ãåŒã³ãäŒèšäœå®¶ã®ãžãŒã³ã»ã¢ãã¢ã¯ã仿¥ã§ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãããããæ ç»å²ã®äžã§æãç ç©¶ãããç£ç£ã§ããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããããã³ãã¯äœåãããŸããŸãªèŠç¹ããåæãããšãã»ã€ãæ¬ã¯åžå Žã«ããããåºåã£ãŠããããã¯ã®ãªã¬ã³ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ä»ã®ã©ã®æ ç»ç£ç£ãããå€ãã®æ¬ãæžãããŠããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ããµã¹ãã³ã¹ã®å·šå ããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãã¹ãªã©ãŒã®ç¥æ§ããªã©ãšåŒã°ãããããŸã§äœçŽãªãžã£ã³ã«ãšèŠãªãããŠãããµã¹ãã³ã¹æ ç»ãã¹ãªã©ãŒæ ç»ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžãå€ããèžè¡çãª1ã€ã®ãžã£ã³ã«ãšããŠèªãããããæ ç»è©è«å®¶ã®å±±ç°å®äžã¯ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãµã¹ãã³ã¹ãšãã¹ãªã©ãŒãšãåŒã°ãããžã£ã³ã«ã®åºæ¬ãšãªãæ ç»çãããããæ ç»çææ³ãã»ãšãã©æ¡åºãã宿ãããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããšãã«ããµã€ã³ãã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã£ãŒæ ç»ã®ãžã£ã³ã«ãåµåºãããé³¥ãã¯ãã£ã¶ã¹ã¿ãŒæ ç»ã®ãžã£ã³ã«ã«ããã1ã€ã®ãã¿ãŒã³ãäœã£ããã¢ãã¢ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¬ããã»ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ã20äžçŽã®ã»ãšãã©ã®éã§äžçæ ç»ã®å·šäººã ã£ãã圌ã®éºç£ã¯21äžçŽã«ãéèŠãªçè·¡ãæ®ãç¶ããŠããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã®äœåã¯äžçã®å€ãã®æ ç»äººã«åœ±é¿ãäžããæ ç»è©è«å®¶ã®é è³éã¯ãäœãæãæèããªããŠããããã³ãã¯ã®åœ±é¿ã®çè·¡ãèªããããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããããã³ãã¯ã®ãµã¹ãã³ã¹æ ç»ã®æŒåºã¹ã¿ã€ã«ããããããæš¡å£ããäœåãå€ãäœããããã®ãžã£ã³ã«ã§æ³šç®äœãåºããšããããã³ãã¯çãããããã³ãã¯é¢šããšãã衚çŸã§ç޹ä»ãããããšãããããããããããã³ãã¯ãã¶ããšãããããããªäœåãç£ç£ã¯ããããã³ããã¢ã³ããšåŒã°ããããããã³ãã¯äœåãç䌌ããäž»ãªäœåã«ã¯ãã·ã£ã¬ãŒãã(1963幎ãã¹ã¿ã³ãªãŒã»ããŒãã³ç£ç£)ããæããªããŸã§åŸ
ã£ãŠã(1967幎ããã¬ã³ã¹ã»ã€ã³ã°ç£ç£)ãããã³ããŒã»ãã³ããŒ(è±èªç)ã(1982幎ãã·ãããŒã»ãã¯ããšç£ç£)ãªã©ãæããããããŸãã1977幎ã«ã¡ã«ã»ãã«ãã¯ã¹ã¯ããããã³ãã¯ã®é¡æãèšå®ãªã©ãçã£ç«¯ãããããã£åããã³ã¡ãã£æ ç»ãã¡ã«ã»ãã«ãã¯ã¹/æ°ãµã€ã³ãã補äœããã
ã«ã€ãšèªã®æ¹è©å®¶ããããŒãŽã§ã«ãŽã¡ãŒã°ã®ç£ç£ãšãªã£ãããªã¥ãã©ãŒãã·ã£ããã«ã®äœåã«ãããããã³ãã¯ã®åœ±é¿ãèŠããããããªã¥ãã©ãŒã¯ãé»è¡£ã®è±å«ã(1968幎)ããæããªããŸã§ãã®æãã(1969幎)ãªã©ã§ãããã³ãã¯ãæèãããµã¹ãã³ã¹æ ç»ãæãããã·ã£ããã«ã¯ãäºéã®éµã(1959幎)ãã女鹿ã(1968幎)ããèå±(ãã©ã³ã¹èªç)ã(1969幎)ãªã©ã®ãµã¹ãã³ã¹æ ç»ã§ãããã³ãã¯çãªäž»é¡ãšæŒåºãç¹°ãè¿ããã1970幎代以åŸã®ããªãŠããã®æ ç»ç£ç£ãã¡ãããããã³ãã¯ãäž»ãªã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®æºã®1ã€ãšããŠåŒçšãŸãã¯èšåããŠããããã©ã€ã¢ã³ã»ãã»ãã«ãã¯ãã£ãªã¢åæã®äœåãæªéã®ã·ã¹ã¿ãŒã(1972幎)ããæã®ã¡ã¢ãªãŒã(1976幎)ããæ®ºãã®ãã¬ã¹ã(1980幎)ãªã©ã§ãããã³ãã¯ã®åœ±é¿ãåããŠããããããã³ãã¯ããæ ç»ææ³ã®ãã€ãªãã¢ããšåŒãã ãã¹ãã£ãŒãŽã³ã»ã¹ãã«ããŒã°ã¯ããžã§ãŒãºã(1975幎)ãªã©ã§ãããã³ãã¯äœåã®ææ³ãåŒçšãããã»ãã«ãããŒãã£ã³ã»ã¹ã³ã»ãã·ããžã§ã³ã»ã«ãŒãã³ã¿ãŒãããŒã«ã»ããŒããŒãã³ãããŽã£ããã»ãã£ã³ãã£ãŒ ãªã©ããããã³ãã¯ã®åœ±é¿ãåããŠããã
1985幎ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹åã®æ ç»äººã®éµäŸ¿åæã®èåã«éžã°ããã1998幎8æ3æ¥ã«ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœéµäŸ¿å
¬ç€Ÿãéå®çã®éµäŸ¿åæã·ãªãŒãºãLegends of Hollywoodãã®1ã€ãšããŠããããã³ãã¯ã®èåãå°å·ãã32ã»ã³ãåæãçºè¡ããã1999幎ã«ã¯ãããã³ãã¯ã®çèª100åšå¹Žãèšå¿µããŠããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯è¿ä»£çŸè¡é€šã§å±èЧäŒãšçŸåãããã¹ãŠã®æ ç»ã®äžæ ãè¡ãããã 2012幎ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ã¢ãŒãã£ã¹ãã®ããŒã¿ãŒã»ãã¬ã€ã¯(è±èªç)ããã¶ã€ã³ããããµãŒãžã§ã³ãã»ãããŒãºã»ãã³ãªãŒã»ããŒãã»ã¯ã©ãã»ãã³ããã®æ°ããããŒãžã§ã³ã®ãžã£ã±ããã«ãä»ã®ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®æåçã¢ã€ã³ã³ãšãšãã«ç»å Žããããã³ãã³ã«ã¯ãããã³ãã¯ãèšå¿µãã3ã€ã®ãã«ãŒã»ãã©ãŒã¯ãèšçœ®ãããŠãããããã ã»ã¿ããœãŒé€šã®3ã€ã®å通ã«ã¯ãããã³ãã¯ã®è人圢ãå±ç€ºãããŠããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã®ãã¹ãŠã®äœåã¯äžçäžã§èäœæš©ä¿è·ãããŠãã(ã¢ã¡ãªã«æä»£ã®äžéšäœåã¯ãããªãã¯ãã¡ã€ã³ã§ãã)ãã¢ã¡ãªã«æä»£ã®äœåãäžå¿ã«æ£èŠçã®ããŒã ãããªã¯åºã販売ãããŠãããããããã€ã®ãªã¹æä»£ã®äœåã¯èäœæš©ä¿è·ãããŠããã«ããããããããããªãã¯ãã¡ã€ã³ã§ãããšãã誀解ãåºãŸããæ¥æ¬ãå«ãå€ãã®åœã§æµ·è³çã®ããŒã ãããªãåºåã£ãŠããããããã³ãã¯ã®äœåã¯ä»æ¥ãŸã§ãã¬ãã§ãé »ç¹ã«æŸéãããŠãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®AMCãã¿ãŒããŒã»ã¯ã©ã·ãã¯ã»ã ãŒããŒãºãªã©ã®ãã£ã³ãã«ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®åºç€ãšãªã£ãŠããã2012幎ã«ã¯è±åœæ ç»åäŒãçŸåãã9æ¬ã®ãããã³ãã¯ã®ãµã€ã¬ã³ãæ ç»ãããžã¿ã«ä¿®åŸ©ããç¿2013幎ã«ãThe Hitchcock 9ããšé¡ããŠãã«ãã¯ãªã³é³æ¥œã¢ã«ãããŒ(è±èªç)ã§åäžæ ããã2017幎ã«ã¯æ¥æ¬ã§ãäžæ ãããã
ãããã³ãã¯ãç£ç£ããé·ç·šæ ç»ã¯53æ¬ååšãããã®ãã¡ã€ã®ãªã¹æä»£ã®äœåã¯23æ¬ã§ãæ®ã30æ¬ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«æä»£ã®äœåã§ããããã以å€ã«ããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãæªå®ã®äœåãå
±åç£ç£äœåãæ°æ¬ã®çç·šæ ç»ãç£ç£ãããç£ç£ä»¥å€ã«ãããã£ãªã¢åæãäžå¿ã«åå¹ãã¶ã€ããŒãçŸè¡ç£ç£ãå©ç£ç£ããããã¥ãŒãµãŒãªã©ãåããäœåãããããŸããããããã³ãã¯åå Žããªã©ã®ãã¬ãã·ãªãŒãºã§ã¯çŽ20æ¬ã®ãšããœãŒããæŒåºãããã¢ã¡ãªã«åœç«ãã£ã«ã ç»é²ç°¿ã«ã¯ããã¬ããã«ã(1940幎)ããçæã®åœ±ã(1943幎)ããæ±åã(1946幎)ããèŠç¥ãã¬ä¹å®¢ã(1951幎)ããè£çªã(1954幎)ããããŸãã(1958幎)ããåå西ã«é²è·¯ãåãã(1959幎)ãããµã€ã³ã(1960幎)ããé³¥ã(1963幎)ã®9æ¬ã®ç£ç£äœåãç»é²ãããŠããã
ç£ç£ããé·ç·šæ ç»
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã®ç£ç£è³ã«5åããããŒãããã(ãã¬ããã«ããæåœèããçœãææããè£çªãããµã€ã³ã)ãã1床ãåè³ããããšã¯ãªãã£ãããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã®ããšã«ã€ããŠããããã¯ãã€ãè±å«ã®ä»æ·»ã圹ã§ããã£ããŠè±å«ã«ã¯ãªããªãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããã¬ããã«ãã§ã¯äœåè³ãåè³ããããåè³è
ã¯ç£ç£ã®ãããã³ãã¯ã§ã¯ãªããããã¥ãŒãµãŒã®ããŽã£ããã»Oã»ã»ã«ãºããã¯ã ã£ãããããããã³ãã¯ããªã¹ã«ãŒåãæã«ããããã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã1968幎ã«ã¯æ ç»èžè¡ç§åŠã¢ã«ãããŒããããããã¥ãŒãµãŒå人ãé·æã«ãããäžè³ªã®äœåã補äœããŠããããšããç§°ããç¹å¥è³ã®ã¢ãŒãã³ã°ã»Gã»ã¿ã«ããŒã°è³ãæäžãããã
1960幎2æ8æ¥ããããã³ãã¯ã¯æ ç»ç£æ¥ãšãã¬ãæŸéç£æ¥ãžã®è²¢ç®ã«ãããããªãŠããã»ãŠã©ãŒã¯ã»ãªãã»ãã§ãŒã ã§2ã€ã®æãç²åŸããã1964幎3æ7æ¥ã«ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æ ç»è£œäœè
åäŒ(è±èªç)ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«æ ç»å²ãžã®è²¢ç®ãã«å¯ŸããŠãã€ã«ã¹ããŒã³è³ãæäžããã1966幎8æ8æ¥ã«ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®æ ç»ãã¬ãæè¡è
åäŒ(è±èªç)ã®åèªäŒå¡ã«æšæãããã1968幎ã«ã¯å
šç±³ç£ç£åäŒããçæ¶¯ååŽè³ã«ãããDã»Wã»ã°ãªãã£ã¹è³(è±èªç)ãåè³ããã1971幎ã«ã¯è±åœæ ç»ãã¬ãèžè¡ã¢ã«ãããŒãããã§ããŒã·ããè³ãèŽãããç¿1972幎ã«ã¯ããªãŠããå€åœäººæ ç»èšè
åäŒãããŽãŒã«ãã³ã°ããŒãè³ã®ç涯ååŽè³ã«ãããã»ã·ã«ã»Bã»ããã«è³ãæäžãããããŸãã1974幎ã«ãªã³ã«ãŒã³ã»ã»ã³ã¿ãŒæ ç»åäŒã®ãã£ãããªã³è³ãåè³ãã1979幎ã«ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã³ã»ãã£ã«ã ã»ã€ã³ã¹ãã£ãã¥ãŒãã®ç涯ååŽè³ãåè³ããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯æ ç»è³ä»¥å€ã«ãããŸããŸãªæ èªãšç§°å·ãåããã1963幎ã«ã¯ãµã³ã¿ã¯ã©ã©å€§åŠããåèªå士å·ãåããã1968幎6æ9æ¥ã«ã¯ã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢å€§åŠãµã³ã¿ã¯ã«ãŒãºæ ¡ããããæ ç»çã«ããããã°ãããæ¥çžŸãã«å¯ŸããŠåèªå士å·ãèŽãããã1969幎9æ5æ¥ã«ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ã®èžè¡æåå²ç« ãèŽããããã®2幎åŸã®1971幎1æ14æ¥ã«ã¯ã¬ãžãªã³ãããŒã«å²ç« ã®5ççŽã«ãããã·ã¥ãŽã¡ãªãšãããªã®åŒå
žã§åç« ããã1972幎6æ6æ¥ã«ã¯ã³ãã³ãã¢å€§åŠãã人æç§åŠã®åèªå士å·ãæäžãããã1979幎12æã«ã¯å€§è±åžåœå²ç« ã®2ççŽã«ããããã€ãã»ã³ãã³ããŒ(è±èªç)(KBE)ã®ç§°å·ãæããããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%92%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF
|
8,063 |
ããŸã (æ ç»)
|
ãããŸãã(Vertigo)ã¯ã1958幎ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœã®ãµã¹ãã³ã¹æ ç»ãç£ç£ã¯ã¢ã«ãã¬ããã»ãããã³ãã¯ãåºæŒã¯ãžã§ãŒã ãºã»ã¹ãã¥ã¢ãŒããšãã ã»ããŽã¡ã¯ãªã©ããã©ããŠã³ãæ ç»è£œäœããã¯ãã«ã©ãŒããã¹ã¿ããžã§ã³äœåãåŸã«ãä»ã®å€æ°ã®ãããã³ãã¯äœåãšå
±ã«ãŠããŽã¡ãŒãµã«ã«å£²åŽããããæ¥æ¬å
¬éã¯å幎ã
åäœã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ã®ãã¹ããªãŒäœå®¶ããã¯ããŒ=ãã«ã¹ãžã£ãã¯(ããšãŒã«ã»ãã¯ããŒãããã»ãã«ã¹ãžã£ãã¯(ãã©ã³ã¹èªç))ã®ãæ»è
ã®äžãã(ãã©ã³ã¹èªç)ããã¿ã€ãã«ãã¶ã€ã³ã¯ãœãŒã«ã»ãã¹ã«ãããèå°ã¯ãµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³ãäžå¿ã«ç¹°ãåºããããã
ãã¹ã³ãã£ãããšãžã§ã³ã»ãã¡ãŒã¬ãœã³åäºã¯ã容çè
ã远ãéäžã«ååãæ»ãªããŠããŸã£ãã·ã§ãã¯ã§ã髿ææçã«ããããŸãã«è¥²ãããããã«ãªããèŠå¯ãèŸããŠããŸãããããžåŠçæä»£ã®å人ãšã«ã¹ã¿ãŒãçŸããŠãäœãã«æããããã®ããã«äžå¯©ãªè¡åããã劻ãããªã³ãç£èŠããŠæ¬²ãããšèšããã¹ã³ãã£ã¯ãããªã³ãå°Ÿè¡ãããã¡ã«ãåœŒå¥³ã®æŸç¥æ¯ã§ããéå»ã«éæ¥ã®æ»ãéãã人ç©ãã«ã«ããã¿ã®ååšãç¥ããã«ã«ããã¿ã¯é«ªåããéŠé£ŸããŸã§ãããªã³ãã£ããã§ãããã¹ã³ãã£ã¯ãšã«ã¹ã¿ãŒããããããªã³ã¯ã«ã«ããã¿ã®äº¡éã«åãæãããŠããããšããèŠè§£ãèããããã
å°Ÿè¡ãç¶ããŠãããšã圌女ã¯å
¬åããçªç¶æµ·ã«é£ã³èŸŒã¿ãæèº«èªæ®ºãå³ãã圌女ãæãåºããã¹ã³ãã£ã¯åããŠåœŒå¥³ãšç¥ãåãããšã«ãªãããããŠ2äººã¯æãžãšèœã¡ãŠãããã¹ã³ãã£ã¯åœŒå¥³ãæãããšæãããããªã³ã倢ã§èŠããšèšãã¹ãã€ã³é¢šã®æãžåãããå°çåŸããããªã³ã¯ã«ã«ããã¿ã®èªæ®ºããæäŒãžãšèµ°ã£ãŠãããã¹ã³ãã£ã¯è¿œãããããã髿ææçã«ããããŸãã®ããã«è¿œãã€ãããšãåºæ¥ãããããªã³ã¯é楌ã®é äžããé£ã³éããŠããŸãããããªã³ã®è»¢èœã¯äºæ
ãšåŠçããããšã«ã¹ã¿ãŒã¯åœŒãæ
°ããªãããèªåã¯ãšãŒããããžè¡ããšåããã
èªè²¬ã®å¿µãã粟ç¥è¡°åŒ±ãžãšé¥ãããããªã³ã®åœ±ã远ãããç¶ããã¹ã³ãã£ã¯ããæ¥ãè¡è§ã§ãããªã³ã«çäºã€ã®å¥³æ§ãçºèŠããã远ãããããšã圌女ã¯ãã€ãŠãããªã³ã®éã£ãŠããã«ã«ããã¿ã®æ§å±
ã®ã¢ããŒãã«äœãããžã¥ãã£ãšãã女ã ãšãããã¹ã³ããã¯ãžã¥ãã£ãšããŒãã®çŽæãåãä»ããã
ã¹ã³ãã£ã¯ããã£ããåºäŒãããžã¥ãã£ãã倱ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšãã第2ã®ãã©ãŠããæ±ããŠã粟ç¥è¡°åŒ±ããæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«æ£æ°ã倱ã£ãŠãããäžæ¹ããžã¥ãã€ã¯æ¬¡ç¬¬ã«åœŒãæããŠããŸã£ãŠããããžã¥ãã£ã¯ã¹ã³ãã£ã®çæ°ãã¿ãèŠæã«å¿ããæŽæã髪åãäœãããããããªã³ãšåãã«ããæ»ãã ã¯ãã®ããããªã³ããžãšæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«å€è²ããŠãã(ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ããããå±å§Šããšç§°ããŠãã)ã
ãžã¥ãã£ãšã¹ã³ãã£ã¯æªãªæãè²ãããšããããããæ2人ã§ããŒãã«è¡ãéããã®æã¯ç Žç¶»ãè¿ããããžã¥ãã£ãéŠã«ãããããã¯ã¬ã¹ã¯ããããªã³ãã«ã«ããã¿ã®ãã®ãšããŠèº«ã«çããŠããããã¯ã¬ã¹ãã®ãã®ã ã£ããã¹ã³ãã£ã«ããããªã³ããšããŠäŒã£ãŠããã®ã¯ãä»ãªãã¬åœŒå¥³èªèº«ã ã£ãã髿ææçã®ã¹ã³ãã£ãå©çšããŠããšã«ã¹ã¿ãŒã®åŠ»æ®ºããšããå®å
šç¯çœªã«å æ
ããŠããã®ã§ãããççžãã¯ã£ãããšèŠããŠããŸã£ãã¹ã³ãã£ã¯ãžã¥ãã£ãããããªã³ãæãèœãšãããæäŒãžãšé£ããŠè¡ãã圌女ãåãè©°ããã髿ææçããå
æãã鿥Œã®é äžã§ãžã¥ãã£ã«è¿«ãã¹ã³ãã£ããããããã®ãšãæããããçªç¶çŸãã圱ã«ãã³ãããžã¥ãã£ã¯ããã©ã³ã¹ã厩ããŠãããªã³ãšåãããã«è»¢èœãããçµ¹ãè£ããããªæ²é³Žãçªç¶çŸãã圱ã¯ãå®ã¯ãã®ãã®ããé°å²æ°ãäžå¯©ã«æããŠé楌ã«äžãã£ãŠããŠããä¿®é女ã ã£ããååãåãã転èœãã女ã®å¥çŠãç¥ã£ãŠéã鳎ããä¿®é女ãã¹ã³ãã£ã¯ãåç¶ãšããŠãã®éã®é³ãèããŠããã°ããã ã£ãã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ãé è¹æã®åãéãéããéè¡äººãšããŠã«ã¡ãªåºæŒããã
çºè¡šåœæã¯ãããã³ãã¯ã®ä»ã®äœåãšåæ§ããã®å¥³æ§èèŠã®ã€ããªãã®ãŒãæ¹å€ãããŠãããåŸã
ã«è©äŸ¡ãé«ããè¿å¹Žã§ã¯ãããã³ãã¯äœåã®äžã§ããããã¯ã©ã¹ã®åäœãšã®è©äŸ¡ãåŸãŠããã2012幎ã«ã¯è±åœæ ç»åäŒãçºè¡šãããäžçã®æ¹è©å®¶ãéžã¶åå€§ãªæ ç»50éžãã®ç¬¬1äœã«éžã°ãããããããããã³ãã¯ã¯ãã®äœåãã倱æäœããšèªã£ãŠãããåœåããã€ã³åœ¹ã«ãšæ§æ³ããŠãããŽã§ã©ã»ãã€ã«ãºãåŠåš ã®ããéæ¿ãããã ã»ããŽã¡ã¯ãèµ·çšããããç£ç£ã¯ããŽã¡ã¯ã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãæ
床(æŒåºé¢ã«é¢ããå£åºã)ã«éåžžã«äžæºãæããŠããããšãããã¬ãã£ããªè©äŸ¡ã«ã€ãªãã£ãŠããã
ãããã³ãã¯ã¯ããã€ã³ã®å¥³æ§åããããŽã¡ã¯ã®ãããªé
æçãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªããæž
æ¥ã§å¥å
šãªå¥³æ§ã«æ±ããŠããããã§ãããæ³³ããªã圌女ããµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³æ¹Ÿã«é£ã³èŸŒãŸãããã圌女ã倧å«ãã§ãã£ãã°ã¬ãŒè²ãäž»èŠãªè¡£è£
ã«äœ¿çšããããšãã®ä»æã¡ã¯èçãªãã®ã ã£ãã
ã¬ã¹ãã©ã³ã§ãããªã³ãšã¹ã³ãã£ãåããŠåºäŒãã·ãŒã³ããæ²ããããã£ããµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³ã®éã®ããåãã«ã¡ã©ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯è©äŸ¡ãé«ãã
åºãèœã¡ããããªãããŸãã·ã§ããã(äžè¬ã«ã¯ããªãŒãºãŒã (è±èªç)ãšåŒã°ãã)ã¯æåã§ããã®äœå以åŸãæ°ãåããªãã»ã©ã®æ ç»ãCMããã¬ããã©ãã§åŒçšãããããã«ãªã£ãããºãŒã ã¬ã³ãºãçšãããºãŒã ã¢ãŠãããªããã«ã¡ã©ã被åäœãžè¿ã¥ããããšã§ã被åäœã®ãµã€ãºãå€ãããã«èæ¯ã ããæé ããåºè§ã«å€åããŠããã鿥Œã®ã·ãŒã³ã§ã¯ããããã¥ã¢ãäœæããŠæšªåãã«çœ®ããã¬ãŒã«ã«çœ®ãããºãŒã ã¬ã³ãºä»ãã«ã¡ã©ãç§»åãããŠæ®åœ±ããŠãããã¹ãã£ãŒãŽã³ã»ã¹ãã«ããŒã°ç£ç£ã¯ãE.T.ãã®è¡ãèŠäžããåŽã®ã·ãŒã³ã§å®ç§ãªã·ã³ã¯ããå®çŸãããŠããã
被åäœã«ã¬ã³ãºãåãããŸãŸã«ã¡ã©ã被åäœã®åšããåããé¶é
æããµããæ®åœ±æ³ãå°è±¡çã§ããããã®æ®åœ±æ³ã¯ãåŸã«ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã»ãã»ãã«ãç£ç£ãããã£ãªãŒãããã¥ãŒãªãŒããæã®ã¡ã¢ãªãŒããããã£ã»ããã«ãã§äœ¿çšããŠããã
ã¿ã€ãã«æ åã®å»ã
ãšå€åããå
ã®ãã¿ãŒã³ã補äœããã®ã¯ãCGã®ç¶ããšåŒã°ããå®éšæ åäœå®¶ã®ãžã§ã³ã»ãã€ããããŒã»ã·ãã¢ã§ãããã2001幎å®å®ã®æ
ãã®10幎ãåã®äœåã§ããããæ ç»ã§èŠãããèºæç¶ã®æ åãé£ç¶ããŠé²å
ããããããæ®åœ±æé ãã¢ããã°ã»ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã§ããã°ã©ã ããåæã®ã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ã»ã³ã³ãããŒã«ã»ã«ã¡ã©ã䜿ãããŠããã
ãã®æ ç»ã®ãã£ã«ã ã¯ä¿åç¶æ
ã®æªãã®ãããéåžžã«å·ã¿è²ãããŠãããããã屿§ãããžã§ãŒã ãºã»Cã»ã«ããããããŒãã»Aã»ããªã¹ãã®æã«ãã£ãŠãã¬ã¯2幎ãããŠä¿®åŸ©ããã1996幎ã«å
¬éãããã
Rotten Tomatoesã«ããã°ãæ¹è©å®¶ã®äžèŽããèŠè§£ã¯ãäºæž¬äžèœãªæãããã¹ãªã©ãŒã§ãããšãšãã«ãæãšåªå€±ããããŠäººã®çãã«ã€ããŠã®æ²çãªé»æ³ã§ãããããã§ããã83ä»¶ã®è©è«ã®ãã¡é«è©äŸ¡ã¯94%ã«ããã78ä»¶ã§ãå¹³åç¹ã¯10ç¹æºç¹äž8.9ç¹ãšãªã£ãŠããã Metacriticã«ããã°ã32ä»¶ã®è©è«ã®ãã¡ãé«è©äŸ¡ã¯31ä»¶ãè³åŠæ··åšã¯1ä»¶ãäœè©äŸ¡ã¯ãªããå¹³åç¹ã¯100ç¹æºç¹ãšãªã£ãŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%81%E3%81%BE%E3%81%84_(%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB)
|
8,068 |
æ åä¿¡å·
|
æ åä¿¡å·(ãããããããã)ã¯ãæ åã黿°ä¿¡å·åãããã®ã§ããã
æ ç»ã«ããã鿢ç»ãé«éã«æ¬¡ã
ãšæç€ºããã°ãä»®çŸéåã«ããæ å(åç»)ãèªç¥ãããããšã¯æ¢ç¥ã§ãã£ããåŸã£ãŠãã¬ãã®å®çŸã«å¿
èŠãªã®ã¯ã鿢ç»ãæ®åœ±ããä¿¡å·ã«æããäŒéããä¿¡å·ãã鿢ç»ãåçããããšããããã»ã¹ã®é«éãªç¹°ãè¿ãã§ããã
以äžã§ã¯èª¬æãç°¡åã«ãããããã«ã©ãŒåãããžã¿ã«åãæè¿ã®æ¶²æ¶ãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ãªã©ã«ã¯æ¥µåè§Šããªãã
ãŸãããããªã«ã¡ã©ã«ãããŠãã¬ã³ãºãçšããŠæ®å管ãããã¯åºäœæ®åçŽ åã®åå
é¢ã«è¢«åäœã®åãçµåããã
次ã«ãã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã¹ãã£ã³ã«ãããåå
é¢ãå·Šããå³ãžã次ãã§äžããäžãžé 次走æ»ããªããåç¹ã®ç
§åºŠãåãåºããææãä¿¡å·é»å§ã®é«äœã«å€æããããã®ä¿¡å·ãèŒåºŠä¿¡å·ãšãããèµ°æ»ã«ãã£ãŠ2次å
ã®éæ¢ç»ã1次å
ã®ä¿¡å·ã«å€æããããã§ãããèµ°æ»ããç¹ãèµ°ãç·ãèµ°æ»ç·ãšèšãã
ãã®ãšãåæã«ãã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã¹ãã£ã³ã«ãã£ãŠèªã¿åã£ãŠããäœçœ®ã瀺ãä¿¡å·ãçæããããããåæä¿¡å·ãšãããæ°Žå¹³æ¹åã«ã€ããŠã®åæä¿¡å·ãæ°Žå¹³åæä¿¡å·ãåçŽæ¹åã«ã€ããŠã®åæä¿¡å·ãåçŽåæä¿¡å·ãšããã
以äžã¯ã¢ããã°ã®å Žåã§ãããããžã¿ã«ã®å Žåã¯ãèŒåºŠä¿¡å·ãA/D倿ãããããžã¿ã«åãããšãåºåããããããã°é çªã«äžŠã¹ãŠããã°å
ã®äœçœ®ã埩å
ããããããåæä¿¡å·ã¯ã¢ããã°ãšéã£ããã®ã«ãªãã
以äžã®ããã«ãæ åä¿¡å·ã¯è€æ°åã®ä¿¡å·ãåæããŠæ±ãå¿
èŠãããããã(ã«ã©ãŒã®å Žåã¯è²ä¿¡å·ãªã©ã)ãéç³ããŠãŸãšãããã®ãã³ã³ããžããæ åä¿¡å·ãšèšããããã«å¯Ÿããã©ãã©ã®ä¿¡å·ãã³ã³ããŒãã³ãæ åä¿¡å·ãšèšãã
ã¢ããã°ãã¬ãæŸéã§ã¯ãã³ã³ããžããæ åä¿¡å·ãVSBæ¹åŒã§é»æ³¢ã«ä¹ããŠæŸéããã
ãã¬ãååæ©ã§ã¯ã以äžã®ããã«ããŠäœããã黿³¢ãåä¿¡ã埩調ããã³ã³ããžããæ åä¿¡å·ãããããã®ä¿¡å·ã«åé¢ãããæ°Žå¹³åçŽã®ããããã®åæä¿¡å·ã«åŸã£ãŠåæãåã£ãŠ(æ°Žå¹³æ¹åã®åæãæ°Žå¹³åæãåçŽæ¹åã®åæãåçŽåæãšãã)ãèŒåºŠä¿¡å·ã«åŸããã©ãŠã³ç®¡ã®é»åéã®åºåã調ç¯ãèŒç¹ã®èŒåºŠãå€ããªããããã©ãŠã³ç®¡ã®èå
é¢ãã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã¹ãã£ã³ãããåååŽã§ãèµ°æ»ã«ããç·ãèµ°æ»ç·ãšèšãã
以äžã§æ åã®æ®åœ±ããåç(åå)ãŸã§ãå®äºããã
æ¥æ¬ãåç±³ãªã©ã§è¡ãããŠããçœé»ãã¬ãæŸéã«ãããæ åä¿¡å·ã®æ§æã¯äžèšã®åçãããšã«å®çšåãããã®ã§ããããäŒé容éã®å¶éããã€ã³ã¿ãŒã¬ãŒã¹æ¹åŒãæ¡çšããŠããã
ãã¬ãæŸéãå®çšåããã«ããããäŒéå¯èœãªåž¯åãèæ
®ããŠèµ°æ»ç·æ°ãšæ¯ç§ãã¬ãŒã æ°ã決ããå¿
èŠããããçœé»ãã¬ãæŸéã®éå§æã«å®çŸå¯èœã ã£ãçŽ4MHzçšåºŠã®åž¯åã§ã¯ãå¿
èŠãªè§£å床(ãã©ãŠã³ç®¡ã®ç»é¢ãµã€ãºãšèŠèŽè·é¢ããããŸã)ããèµ°æ»ç·æ¬æ°ãããããšãäŒéå¯èœãªæ¯ç§ãããã®ãã¬ãŒã æ°ãäžè¶³ããããã®ããã人éã®ç®ã®æ®åç¹æ§ãå©çšããé£ã³è¶ãèµ°æ»(2:1ã€ã³ã¿ãŒã¬ãŒã¹)æ¹åŒãæ¡çšãããããã¯ã1ãã¬ãŒã ã奿°ãã£ãŒã«ããšå¶æ°ãã£ãŒã«ãã«åãããããã1æ¬ããã«èµ°æ»ããŠæ¯ç§60ãã£ãŒã«ããäŒéãããã®ã§ããããªã欧å·ã§ã¯ãããšã¯è¥å¹²ç°ãªãæ°å€ãçšããããåºæ¬çãªèãæ¹ã¯å€ãããªãã
ããã«å¯Ÿããé£ã³è¶ãèµ°æ»ãè¡ããªãæ¹åŒãé æ¬¡èµ°æ»(ããã°ã¬ãã·ãèµ°æ»)æ¹åŒãšåŒã¶ã
ã€ã³ã¿ãŒã¬ãŒã¹æ¹åŒã®å Žåãåèšããèµ°æ»ç·æ°ãåãããã°ã¬ãã·ãæ¹åŒã«ããã¹åçŽè§£å床ã¯äœäžããŠèŠããããã®äœäžã®æ¯çãã±ã«ãã¡ã¯ã¿(Kell factor)ãšåŒã³ãNTSCæ¹åŒã®å Žåãæå¹èµ°æ»ç·æ¬æ°485æ¬çšåºŠã«å¯ŸãèŠããäžã®åçŽè§£å床ã¯çŽ330æ¬çšåºŠãšããããã
èŒåºŠä¿¡å·ãšæ°Žå¹³ã»åçŽã®åæä¿¡å·ããå¥ã
ã«æ±ãã®ã¯äžäŸ¿ãªãããåæããä¿¡å·ãã³ã³ããžããæ åä¿¡å·ãšãããããã«å¯Ÿããã©ãã©ã®ãã®ãã³ã³ããŒãã³ãæ åä¿¡å·ãšãããã³ã³ããžããæ åä¿¡å·ã¯1æ¬ã®äŒéç·è·¯ã§éãããšãã§ããã
ã¢ããã°ãã¬ãæŸéã§ã¯ã³ã³ããžããæ åä¿¡å·ã黿³¢ã«ä¹ããŠããããã®ããããã¬ãååæ©ãªã©ã§ã¯é»æ³¢ãåä¿¡ã埩調ããŠã³ã³ããžããæ åä¿¡å·è€åæ åä¿¡å·ãåŸãåŸãããã«æ°Žå¹³ã»åçŽã®åæä¿¡å·ãåãåºãåæå颿©èœãå¿
èŠã«ãªãã
ç»é¢ãèµ°æ»ããããã«ãé»åç·ãç»é¢ã®å³ããå·Š(æ°Žå¹³)ããŸãã¯äžããäž(åçŽ)ã«ç§»åããŠèµ°æ»ãç¹°ãè¿ãå¿
èŠããããé»åç·ã®ç§»åã«ã¯äžå®ã®æéãèŠããã®ã§ãæ°Žå¹³ã»åçŽãšã衚瀺ã§ããªãæéãçããããããããããæ°Žå¹³åž°ç·åºéãåçŽåž°ç·åºéãšããã ãã®æéãé€ãã衚瀺å¯èœãªé åãã¢ã¯ãã£ããããªãšãããåçŽæ¹åã«ã€ããŠã¯è¡šç€ºãããèµ°æ»ç·æ¬æ°ãæå¹èµ°æ»ç·æ¬æ°ãšåŒã¶ã
åçŽåž°ç·åºéã«ãããŠã¯ãåçŽåæä¿¡å·ãšæ°Žå¹³åæä¿¡å·ãéç³ããããããåã蟌ã¿ãã«ã¹(ã»ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã«ã¹)ãããŸãã€ã³ã¿ãŒã¬ãŒã¹ãè¡ãããå¥éãã£ãŒã«ãã§åçŽåæãã«ã¹ã®ç©å波圢ã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ãè£åããããã®çåãã«ã¹ã®æ¿å
¥ãªã©ã®å·¥å€«ããããŠããã
NTSCã«ããçµ±äžæšæºåãããçœé»ãã¬ãæŸéã®äž»ãªä»æ§ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã£ãã
ã«ã©ãŒåã«ãããŠã¯ããã®çœé»ãã¬ãã®ä»æ§ãããåŸæ¹äºæ(ã«ã©ãŒãã¬ãã§ãçœé»æŸéãèŠããã)ãšåæ¹äºæ(çœé»ãã¬ãã§ãã«ã©ãŒæŸéã(çœé»ã«ãªãã)èŠããã)ã®äž¡æ¹ãã»ãŒå®å
šã«å®çŸããŠãã«ã©ãŒåããããªãããã
æ åä¿¡å·ã§ããã«ã©ãŒãã¬ããžã§ã³ä¿¡å·æ¹åŒã®äžã€NTSCæ¹åŒã¯åç±³ãšæ¥æ¬ãå°æ¹Ÿãéåœãªã©ã§çšããããŠãããã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯ã4察3ã§ãããNTSCæ¹åŒã®èµ°æ»ç·ã¯ã525æ¬(æå¹èµ°æ»ç·ã¯ã480æ¬)ãªã®ã§ããããã«æç®ããã°ã640Ã480ããã(VGAçžåœ)ã«ãªãã
åæåšæ³¢æ°ã¯çœé»ããå
ãã«äœãèšå®ãããŠããã
ç»é¢ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯åºæ¬çã«ã¯ã4察3ãã ããç»åãã¹ã¯ã€ãŒãºãããID-1ä¿¡å·ãšäžç·ã«äŒéããäºã§ãã16察9ãã®ã¯ã€ãæ åã«ã察å¿ããŠããã
D端åã§ã¯ãNTSCä¿¡å·ãšåçã®åè³ªã®æ åä¿¡å·ã®ããã®èŠæ ŒãD1ãšããŠããã
â»DVDã¬ã³ãŒããŒ(NTSCæ¹åŒ)ã§ã¯ãæ åä¿¡å·ãã720Ã480ãããã§èšé²ã»åçããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%A0%E5%83%8F%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7
|
8,069 |
æ°Žæ²¢ããã¿
|
æ°Žæ²¢ ããã¿(ã¿ããã ããã¿ã1963幎7æ3æ¥ - )ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®æŒ«ç»å®¶ã倧éªåºåºèº«ãè¡æ¶²åã¯Aåãé·ããéè±ç€Ÿçºè¡ã®å°å¥³æŒ«ç»èªã§æŽ»åããŠãããã2013幎ããå°åŠé€šã§æŽ»åã
ãè¶ã®æ°Žå¥³å倧åŠéå±äžåŠæ ¡ããè¶ã®æ°Žå¥³å倧åŠéå±é«çåŠæ ¡ãæ©çš²ç°å€§åŠæè²åŠéšåæ¥ãäžåп代ããæŒ«ç»ãæãå§ãã1979幎ã髿 ¡1幎çã®æã«ãå¿ã«ãã£ãšãããããŠãã§ãããŒãã(éè±ç€Ÿ)ã§ããã¥ãŒ(9æå€§å¢åå·)ã10代åŸåããããã®æŒ«ç»å®¶ãšããŠæŽ»åãéå§ããåèš7äœåã髿 ¡æä»£ã«çºè¡šããŸã髿 ¡æä»£ã¯åçéšã«æå±ã1å¹Žã®æµªäººç掻ãçµãŠãæ©çš²ç°å€§åŠæè²åŠéšã«å
¥åŠãåšåŠäžã¯ããªã¹ã®äŒãã«æå±ãåšåŠäžã®1985幎å€ãã1987幎æ¥ãŸã§ããããŒããŒã«çœæžããé£èŒã1987幎æ¥ã«å倧åŠã忥ã2011幎çŸåšã¯äžå€®ç·ã®æ²¿ç·ã«äœãã§ããã
代衚äœã«ãããããŒããŒã«çœæžããã空è²ã®ã¡ããã£ããããã£ã€ã ãããå§«ã¡ããã®ãªãã³ãããããŠã»ã·ã¥ãŒãºããªã©ããããå
šçæã®ãããŒããã代衚ããäœå®¶ã®1人ã§ãããã2000幎ååŸã«ãããŒããããæ°èšã®ãCookieã(éè±ç€Ÿ)ã«ç§»ç±ããã以éã¯åèªã«äž»ãªæŽ»åã®å Žãç§»ããåèªã§ã®æåã®é£èŒã¯ã2000幎11æå·ãã2002幎4æå·ãŸã§ç¶ãããç¥æ§ã®ãªã«ãŽãŒã«ãããã®åŸ2003幎5æå·ãã2010幎7æå·ãŸã§äžå®æã«ããã©ãã©100%ããé£èŒãããã寺ã¬ãŒã«ãã®çµäºåŸã¯å°åŠé€šã®å¥³æ§æŒ«ç»éèªã«äœåãé£èŒãçŸåšã¯åŠç ãã©ã¹çºè¡ã®ãã©ããã«ããããããŒãã€ã¢ãªãŒãé£èŒäžã
ãCookieããå°åŠé€šã®å¥³æ§æŒ«ç»éèªã«äž»ãªæŽ»åã®å Žãç§»ããåŸããã³ãã³ãããŒããããã®æŽŸçèªã«äœåãçºè¡šããŠãããããšãã°ãããŒãã2007幎8æå·ãã10æå·ãŸã§ãããããœã®æéããé£èŒããã2009幎å¬äŒã¿å€§å¢åå·ããŒãã¹ãã·ã£ã«ã«èªã¿åãã1æã®ã¡ãªãŒãŽãŒã©ãŠã³ããã2010幎å¬ã®å€§å¢åå·ããŒãã¹ãã·ã£ã«ã«ã3æã®ç¬¬2ãã¿ã³ããããããæ²èŒãããã
寺ã¬ãŒã«ãŸã§ã®ã³ããã¯ã¹ã¯ãããŒããã¹ã³ããã³ããã¯ã¹ã(éè±ç€Ÿ)ã¬ãŒãã«ãã(ãç¥æ§ã®ãªã«ãŽãŒã«ããšããã©ãã©100%ãã¯äžäœã¬ãŒãã«ãããŒããã¹ã³ããã³ããã¯ã¹ã¯ãããŒããã)ãæåº«çã¯å
šãŠãéè±ç€Ÿæåº«(ã³ããã¯ç)ãããã®çºè¡ã
2011幎3æçŸåšããç¥æ§ã®ãªã«ãŽãŒã«ãããã©ãã©100%ãããªã¬ã³ãžé©åœãã倧奜ã!ããããããœã®æéãã3æã®ç¬¬2ãã¿ã³ã以å€ã®ã³ããã¯ã¹ã¯ãã¹ãŠçµ¶çãšãªã£ãŠãããæåº«çã®å
容ã¯åºæ¬çã«ã¯ãããŒããã¹ã³ããã³ããã¯ã¹ããšåãã ããæãäžããã®ãšãã»ã€ã解説ãªã©ãåé²ãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%A2%E3%82%81%E3%81%90%E3%81%BF
|
8,071 |
å·æçŸéŠ
|
å·æ çŸéŠ(ãããã ã¿ãã1973幎8æ5æ¥ - )ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®æŒ«ç»å®¶ãæç¥çåºèº«ã
1991幎ã第12åãªãããæ°äººãŸããè³å
¥éžãå€ç¥ãã®ç ãå§«ãã§ãããªããããã©ãã¯ã¹ã(è¬è«ç€Ÿ)ã«ãŠããã¥ãŒã代衚äœã«ãã ã!ã ã!ã ã!ããªã©ã
åè¡æ¬ã¯ãã¹ãŠè¬è«ç€Ÿã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E6%9D%91%E7%BE%8E%E9%A6%99
|
8,072 |
æ°Žéœããã
|
æ°Žéœ ããã(ã¿ããš ãããã1973幎9æ28æ¥ - )ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®æŒ«ç»å®¶ãæç¥çåå€å±åžåºèº«ãç¥å¥å·çåšäœãè¡æ¶²åã¯Oåã
1997幎ããå°å¥³ã³ããã¯ãå¢å5æ15æ¥å·(å°åŠé€š)ã«æ²èŒããããæ¡ã®è±å²ãé¡ãããšãã§ããã¥ãŒã
1999幎ãåèªã«ãŠããã«ã¯ã¯ã©ãŠã³ãã®é£èŒãéå§ãåäœåã¯ã·ãªãŒãºåãããã
2003幎ãããã«ã¯ã¯ã©ãŠã³ãã·ãªãŒãºã®é£èŒçµäºåŸãããã€ãã®é£èŒäœåãæãããã®ã¡ããChuChuã(å°åŠé€š)ã«ç§»ç±ã2005幎ããChuChuãåµåå·ãããALMIGHTYÃ10ãã®é£èŒãéå§ãåèª2007幎10æå·ãŸã§é£èŒãç¶ç¶ããã
ãChuChuãã§èš3äœã®é£èŒãçºè¡šãããã2009幎幎æ«ã®ãChuChuãäŒåã«äŒŽããã¡ããã(å°åŠé€š)ãžã®ç§»ç±ãèªèº«ã®ããã°äžã«ãŠçºè¡šãçŽ3幎éãã¡ãããã®äœå®¶é£ã®äžå¡ãšããŠæŽ»åãããã2012幎ãã£ã±ãã§å°åŠé€šãšã®å¥çŽãçµäºãããªãŒã®æŒ«ç»å®¶ãšãªã£ãã
2013幎ããæåããªã³ã»ã¹ã(ç§ç°æžåº)ã«ãŠãD'ããªã³ã»ã¹ãã2015幎ãŸã§é£èŒã
ãã£ãªã¢ãéããŠãããã³ã«å¯Ÿè±¡å¹Žéœ¢ãäžãã£ãŠãããçããã¿ã€ãã®æŒ«ç»å®¶ã ã£ãããå
è¿°ã®éããæåããªã³ã»ã¹ãã«äœåãçºè¡šããããšã§ãåããŠå¯Ÿè±¡å¹Žéœ¢ãäžãã£ããååŸåã®æŒ«ç»å®¶ãšããŠã¯ãã»ãã«åç°åŠåãããããã ããæ°Žéœã®äœåã®äž»äººå
¬ã¯ãããã¥ãŒåœæããäžè²«ããŠé«æ ¡çãŸãã¯äžåŠçã®å°å¥³ã§ãããã¬ãã£ãŒã¹ã³ããã¯ãã幎å°åãã®å°å¥³æŒ«ç»ãžè»¢åããåç°ã»ã©ã®æ¥µç«¯ãªäœé¢šã®å€åã¯ãªã(ãQãã£ã³ã°â¥ãã¯äŸå€çã«å°åŠçã䞻人å
¬ã§ãã)ã
äœäžã®å°è©ãªã©ã§ãéåžžããããšè¡šèšããä»®åããã¢ããšããããšãå€ã(ããã
ããããã¢ã
ãããããããªããããã¢ããªãããªã©)ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%83%BD%E3%81%82%E3%81%8F%E3%81%82
|
8,073 |
æ°å®¿åº
|
æ°å®¿åº(ãããã
ãã)ã¯ãæ±äº¬éœã®åºéšè¥¿éšã«äœçœ®ããç¹å¥åºã§ãæ±äº¬éœã®éœåºæåšå°ã
æžè°·åºã»è±å³¶åºãšãšãã«ãå¯éœå¿3åºããšãããããŸããäžåç£æ¥çã§ã¯ãå代ç°åºã»äžå€®åºã»æž¯åºã®ãéœå¿3åºãã«æ°å®¿åºãšæžè°·åºãå ããŠãéœå¿5åºããšèšãããããšããããæ±æžæä»£ã«ã¯ç²å·è¡éã®å®¿å ŽçºãšããŠæ ããæ°å®¿å¯éœå¿ã¯ãçŸåšã§ã¯æžè°·å¯éœå¿ãæ± è¢å¯éœå¿ãšãšãã«æ±äº¬ã®3倧å¯éœå¿ã®äžè§ã«æ°ããããæ¥æ¬æå€§çŽã®ç¹è¯è¡ãåºãã£ãŠãããæ°å®¿é§
ã¯äžçæå€§ã®å©çšè
æ°ãèªãã¿ãŒããã«é§
ã§ãããããé§
åšèŸºã®æŒå€ã®äººå£å¢æžãç¹ã«èããããŸãæ°å®¿é§
西å£ã«é¢ãã西æ°å®¿ã¯æ±äº¬ã§ãææ°ã®ãªãã£ã¹è¡ã§ãããè¶
é«å±€ãã«ãæç«ããŠãããææ¥œè¡ãšããŠæåãªæèäŒçºãæ°å®¿é§
æ±å£ã«äœçœ®ããŠãããåéšã«ã¯éœå¿ã®ãããã¿ãŠã³ãšããŠäººå£ãæ¥æ¿ã«å¢ããäœå®
å°ã®èœåããæ©çš²ç°å€§åŠãã¯ããå€ãã®æè²æ©é¢ãéç©ãåŠçè¡ãšããŠæ ããé«ç°éŠ¬å Žãšãã£ãå°åºããããæ°å®¿åšèŸºãšãšãã«æ§ã»æ·æ©åºåã®äž»èŠãªäžè§ãå ããã
æ±äº¬éœåºã¯1991幎ããå代ç°åºäžžã®å
ãã移転ããŠããŠä»¥éãååºè¥¿æ°å®¿ã«äœçœ®ããŠãããèªæ²»äœãšããŠèŠãå Žåã¯ãæ±äº¬éœã®éœåºæåšå°ãã«è©²åœããããã ããæ°å®¿åºãå«ã23ç¹å¥åºã¯å°æ¹èªæ²»æ³ã«ãããŠä»ã®46éåºçåºæåšå°ãšã¯ç°ãªããç¹å¥å°æ¹å
Œ
±å£äœããšãããŠãããéåžžã®åžçºæ(æ®éå°æ¹å
Œ
±å£äœ)ãšåæ Œã«æ±ãããŠããªããããåœåå°çé¢çºè¡å°å³ãå§ãéœåºæåšå°ã®å°åã¯æ
£äŸçã«ãæ§æ±äº¬åžã®åŸè£ããæ±äº¬éœåºéšã®ç·ç§°ããšããŠãæ±äº¬ããšè¡šèšãããŠããã
ãã€ãŠã®35åºã22åº(åŸã®23åº)ã«ç§»è¡ãã1947幎ã«çºè¶³ããåºã§ããããŸããæ§ã»ç蟌åºãæ§ã»åè°·åºãæ§ã»æ·æ©åºã®3åºããå¯ãåãæåž¯ããšãªã£ãŠèªçããçµç·¯ãããåæ§ã«å¯ãã å°åãåºå
ã«ç¹åšãããç²å·è¡éããæ±æžãžã®çé¢å£ã»åè°·å€§æšæžãèšããããæ±æžæä»£ä»¥éã«ç¹æ ãèŠããã®ãåè°·å°å(æ§åè°·åº)ã§ãããåè°·èŠéããæ°å®¿é§
æ±å£ã®æååã³ä¿¡æ¿çºé§
åšèŸºãŸã§ãåè°·å°åã«è©²åœãããããèŠå¯çœ²ãæ¶é²çœ²ãå
¬ç«åŠæ ¡ã®åŠåºåãåè°·å°åã®æœèšãå©çšããããšã«ãªããåœç«ç«¶æå Žãããã»ããæ°å®¿åŸ¡èãææ²»ç¥å®®å€èã¯ãã®å°åã«æåšããèªç¶è±ããªåŽé¢ãæã€å°åã§ãããã
æ±æžæä»£ã«ãããŠç°åã®äœå®
å°ãšããŠéœåžéçºãããææ²»æä»£ã«ã¯æ¢ã«æçããäœå®
å°ãšããŠæ©èœããŠããã®ãç蟌å°å(æ§ç蟌åº)ã§ãããç蟌å°åã¯äœå±
衚瀺æªå®æœãã»ãšãã©ã§ãããæŠçœè¢«å®³ãæ¯èŒç軜ãã£ãããå€ãããã®çºäžŠã¿ãåéçºã®æããéããŠãããªã©ãæ§ã
ãªé¢ã§éœå
ã代衚ããä¿å®çå°åã§ãããšèšãããç¥æ¥œåãåžè°·ãæ©çš²ç°ãšåŒã°ããå°åã¯å
šãŠç蟌å°åå
ã§ããã
ãã®ã»ããæ©çš²ç°å€§åŠãæ±äº¬çç§å€§åŠãªã©å€§åŠã»åŠæ ¡ãå€ããæ
¶æçŸ©å¡Ÿå€§åŠç
é¢ãæ±äº¬å»ç§å€§åŠç
é¢ãæ±äº¬å¥³åå»ç§å€§åŠç
é¢ãªã©ã®å€§åŠç
é¢ãåœç«åœéå»çç ç©¶ã»ã³ã¿ãŒç
é¢ãªã©ã®å€§ç
é¢ãéç©ããŠããããŸããæ°å®¿åºã¯éœå
ã§æãå€åœäººãå€ãåºã§ãããå€åœäººã®ãªãã§ããšããããäžåœäººãšéåœäººã倿°å±
äœããŠããã ç¹ã«å€§ä¹
ä¿ã倧ä¹
ä¿é§
ãæ°å€§ä¹
ä¿é§
åšèŸºããè·å®éãã«ã¯ã³ãªã¢ã¿ãŠã³ãã¯ãããšãããã¢ãžã¢ç³»ã®å€åœäººã³ãã¥ããã£ã圢æãããŠãããæ°å®¿åºã®äººå£ã®1å²ãå€åœäººãšããããæ°å®¿åºã®çºå±ã«äŒŽããæ±äº¬éœåºãé²è¡åº(çŸã»é²è¡ç)ãªã©ã®å®å
¬åºã移転ããŠããã
ãã®ããã«ã忥å°ãšäœå®
å°ãæŽå²ããå°åãšåéçºå°åãå€åœç±ãšãã£ãããŸãã«å€§éœåžã®å
æ¯ãçž®å³ã«ããæ§æ Œãæ°å®¿åºã¯ãã£ãŠããã
1970幎蟺ããŸã§ã¯ããè¥è
ã®è¡ããè¥è
æåã®æµè¡ã®çºä¿¡å°ããšããã°æ°å®¿ã ã£ãããããã1973å¹Žã«æžè°·ãã«ã³ã鿥ããããšã«ããããã®åº§ãæžè°·ã«å¥ªãããã
幎霢5æ³éçŽå¥äººå£ ç·å¥³å¥ [åäœ äºº] (2006幎4æ1æ¥çŸåšã®äœæ°åºæ¬å°åž³)
幎霢5æ³éçŽå¥äººå£ ç·èš [åäœ äºº] (2006幎4æ1æ¥çŸåšã®äœæ°åºæ¬å°åž³)
ããŒã¿åºå
ž:çºäžå¥äœæ°åºæ¬å°åž³äººå£(æ°å®¿åºåœ¹æå°å調æŽèª²çµ±èšä¿)
2005幎ã®å€é人å£ã¯303,809人ã§ããããåºå€ããã®éå€è
ãšéåŠçããã³å±
äœè
ã®ãã¡ã®åºå
æ®ç人å£ã®åèšã§ããæŒé人å£ã¯770,094äººã§æŒã¯å€ã®2.536åã®äººå£ã«ãªãã
æ°å®¿åºã¯æ±äº¬éœåºéšã®äžå€®ãã西åŽã«äœçœ®ããã
æ°å®¿åºã®å°å¢ãå·šèŠçã«èгå¯ãããšãæŠèµéå°å°(äžæ«åé¢ã»æŠèµéé¢)ãšæ±æžäœå°ãšã®å¢çéšåã«äœçœ®ããŠããããšãåããã
äžæ«åé¢(æ·æ©å°)ãšæŠèµéé¢(æ¬é·å°ã®äžéšãšè±å³¶å°)ãšãæãéãªãããã«ããŠé«å°(å±±æ)ãäœã£ãŠããããã®æãéãªãã«ããçãŸããèµ·äŒãåºå
æšé«æé«å°ç¹ã®ç®±æ ¹å±±(44.6ã¡ãŒãã«ãæžå±±äžäžç®)ãšããŠä»æ¥ã¿ãšãããããæšé«30ã¡ãŒãã«çšåºŠã®æ·æ©å°(æ°å®¿ã»è¥¿æ°å®¿å°åºãªã©)ãš20ã¡ãŒãã«çšåºŠã®è±å³¶å°(èœåã»å€§ä¹
ä¿å°åºãªã©)ã¯ããããé£ç¶ããå¹³åŠãªé«å°ã圢æããŠãããéé(çŸåšã®JRç·)ãæ·èšãããè¿ä»£ä»¥éæ¥éã«äººå£å¢å ãé²ãã ã
ãããé«å°ã«ãæšé«10ã¡ãŒãã«æªæºã®æ±æžäœå°ãå
¥ãçµãã§ãããç¥ç°å·ã»åŠæ£å¯ºå·ã¯ãã®äœå°éšåã«æ²¿ã£ãŠæµããŠããããã€ãŠã¯è«èšªã»æžå¡å°åºãã¯ãããšããåºç¯ãªæ¹¿å°åž¯ã圢æããŠãããè¿äžã«ã¯äººçºçã«äœãããæ°Žæµ(æ±æžå倿¿ ã»çå·äžæ°Ž)ãä»è¿ã«å ããã仿¥ã®æ°å®¿åºã®è¥¿ãšåæ± - åæ±ã®å¢çã¯ãããæ°Žæµãåºæºã«å®ããããŠããããã®ã»ããåºå
ã®éåœéããäœå°ã«æ²¿ã£ãŠå»ºèšãããŠããã
ããããé«å°ãšäœå°ãšãåŸæ¥ããããã®åéãåºå
ã«ãå€ãèŠããã倿¥ãã颚æ
ãšæåãè²ãã ã
åºå
ã®å¹Žéå¹³åæ°æž©ã¯çŽ15°Cã§ãããæ±äº¬éœã®æ°è±¡èŠ³æž¬æã®ãã倧æçºä»è¿ãšæ¯ã¹çŽ1°Cã»ã©äœããå¬ã¯å€§æçºãããå¯ããªããå察ã«å€ã¯æãããšãããã
æ°å®¿åºã¯ãæ±äº¬åžåè°·åºã»ç蟌åºãè±å€æ©é¡å
è€æ°å®¿çºã»æ·æ©çºã»å€§ä¹
ä¿çºã»æžå¡çºã»èœåçº(5çºã¯ããããæ±äº¬åžã«ç·šå
¥ãããå
è€æ°å®¿çºã¯åè°·åºåãä»ã®4çºã¯æ·æ©åºãšãªã)ãå身ãšããèªæ²»äœã§ã1947幎(æå22幎)3æ15æ¥ã«çºè¶³ããã
æ°å®¿ãšã¯ãããšããšã¯è±å€æ©é¡å
è€æ°å®¿çºã®ããšã§ããã1920幎(倧æ£9幎)ãæ±äº¬åžåè°·åºã«å䜵線å
¥ãããéã«æ°å®¿äž - äžäžç®(çŸåšã®æ°å®¿äž - äžäžç®å
šäœã®åºç»ãšã»ãŒåã)ãšãªããæ°å®¿é§
ã®çºå±ãšãšãã«äžçææ°ã®ç¹è¯è¡ã»åæ¥å°åºãžãšå€è²ãéããããã®ååã®ç±æ¥ã¯ã1698幎ã«ç²å·è¡éã®æ°ããªå®¿å ŽçºãšããŠãä¿¡å·é«é è©å
è€è¥çå®ã®äžå±æ·ã«ãå
è€æ°å®¿(åè°·å
è€æ°å®¿ãšã)ããéãããããšã«ãããåè°·åºã»ç蟌åºã»æ·æ©åºãå䜵ããéã
ãšã®çç±ã§æ°åºåã«æ¡çšãããã
ãã®æ°åºå決å®ã¯å°é£ãããããããããããã®å䜵èªäœãåºåŽã®çºè°ã«ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã£ãããå察ã®å£°ãæ ¹åŒ·ã(æ·æ©åºã¯äžéåºãæžè°·åºãšãç蟌åºã¯å°ç³å·åºã麹çºåºãšãåè°·åºã¯éº¹çºåºãšã®åäœµãæš¡çŽ¢ãããããªåããããã£ã)ããããã®å£°ã«æå€§éé
æ
®ã察çãªå䜵ã§ããããšã匷調ããããããããã®åºåãæ°åºåã«æ¡çšããªãããšãåäœµã®æ¡ä»¶ãšããŠä»ãå ãããã(ãåè°·æªè«ããªã©åè°·ãšããå°åã¯æ¯èŒçç¥å床ããããšããŠåœåã¯ãåè°·åºããæ°åºåã«æ¡çšãããèŠèŸŒã¿ã ã£ãããããã«ããäžæ¡çšãšãªã£ã)ãæŽå²ççµç·¯ããŸã£ããç°ãªãå°åºå士ã®å䜵ã§ãã£ãããå°åã®ç·ç§°ãã·ã³ãã«ãååšããããŸã3åºã®å䜵ã§ãããã倧ç°åºã®ãããªåæåºåãã€ããããšãé£ããã£ã(ãã®ææã«å䜵ããŠèªçããåºã¯ã枯åºä»¥å€ã¯ã©ãã2åºå䜵ããŸããæž¯åºã®å Žåãå身ã®3åºã¯ãã¹ãŠæ±äº¬åºçºè¶³åœåããåºéšã ã£ãã®ã«å¯Ÿããæ°å®¿åºã®å Žåã¯åè°·åºãç蟌åºãšãã£ãåºéšãšå
è€æ°å®¿çºãæ·æ©åºãšãã£ãå
é¡éšã«ãŸããã£ãŠããããäºæ
ãè€éã«ããŠãã)ã
æçµçã«æ°åºåã¯æ°å®¿åºãšããããšã決ãŸã£ãããç蟌åºã¯ãã®ååã«åœåé£è²ã瀺ãããæ°å®¿åŸ¡èãæ°å®¿é§
åšèŸºãç蟌åºã«ã¯äœãé¢ä¿ããªããæ°å®¿ãšãããéå€ã®å°åºãã®ååã§ã¯ç蟌å°åºã飿³ããããšãã§ããªããªããšã®çç±ããã§ãã(æ°å®¿åºçºè¶³æã«ã¯ä»ã«ãæ°ãã9ã®åºåãæ±äº¬éœå
ã«èªçããããåºå
ã®1å°åºã®åç§°ãæ°åºåã«æ¡çšããã®ã¯æ°å®¿åºã ãã ã£ããå€ãã¯ã·ã³ãã«ãªã©ã«åºã¥ãç祥åºåãæ¡çšããŠãã)ããããåŸã«ãç蟌å°åºãäžå¿ã«æ§çºåãæ®ãéåãçãäžããèŠå ã®ã²ãšã€ãšãªã£ãã
æ°åºåã®åè£ãšããŠãä»ã«
ãªã©ãæãã£ãŠããã
æ°å®¿åºã§ã¯ãå
šåã®çŽ7å²ã®å°åã§äœå±
衚瀺ã«é¢ããæ³åŸã«åºã¥ãäœå±
衚瀺ã宿œãããŠããã
åšèŸºèªæ²»äœãšåæ§ãæ°å®¿åºã1965幎(æå40幎)ã«äœå±
衚瀺ã®å®æœã«çæãåºå
ã®è¥¿åŽããåŸã
ã«çºåçµ±åãšäœå±
衚瀺ãé²ããããã®çµæã1970幎代ã«ã¯æŠåŸã®è¥è
æåã®çºä¿¡å°ãšãèšãããŠããæ°å®¿é§
åšèŸºã®çºå(ææšã»è§çã»æ·æ©ãªã©)ãè»äžŠã¿ãæ°å®¿ãã西æ°å®¿ããåæ°å®¿ãã§çµ±äžãããå€ãçºåãé Œãã«æã®èšæ¶ã蟿ãããšããŸãŸãªããªããªã£ãããããæã®æ
ç·ã»äŒçµ±ã»æåã®ç Žå£ãšåãæ¢ããæåäººãæ§ç蟌åºã»åè°·åºåã®äœæ°ãäžå¿ãšãªããå€ãçºåãæ®ãéåãçãäžãããã¿ããã
æ°å®¿åºã¯åœåãçºåãçµ±åããäžã§æ±æ°å®¿ã»æ±æ©çš²ç°ãšãã£ãæ¹è§çºåãæ¡çšããŠåºå
ã®äœå±
衚瀺å®å
šå®æœãç®æããŠãããã1980幎代ã«ã¯çºåä¿åã®å£°ã«é
æ
®ããæªå®æœå°åºã«é¢ããŠã¯å€ãçºåçºåãåºæ¥ãéãç¶æããäžã§äœå±
衚瀺ã宿œããŠããæ¹éã«è»¢æããããšãåºé·ã衚æããã
ããã«ããçºåã¯åç¶ããããšã§æ±ºçãã¿ãããäœå±
衚瀺èªäœã¯ãã®åŸãããŸãé²ãã§ããããæ§ç蟌åºã»åè°·åºåã¯ãå代ç°åº(ç¥ç°ãå ããçºã»çªçºã»éº¹çº)ãšåæ§ãäœå±
衚瀺æªå®æœå°åºãå€ãæ®ããŠçŸåšã«è³ã£ãŠãããäœå±
è¡šç€ºå®æœçã¯2018幎(å¹³æ30幎)çŸåš76.01ããŒã»ã³ãã§ãããæ°å®¿åºæ¿ã®ä»åŸã®èª²é¡ã®ã²ãšã€ãšãªã£ãŠããããªãã2002幎(å¹³æ14幎)ã«åžè°·å°çºãã2003幎(å¹³æ15幎)ã«ã¯éã¶äžçºã®äœå±
衚瀺ã宿œããããšã«ããã宿œçãå代ç°åºãäžåã£ãã
æ°å®¿åºã®ç¹åŸŽã®ã²ãšã€ã«ãçºåã®æ°ãå€ãããšãæãããããæ°å®¿åºã«é£æ¥ããä»è¿ã®èªæ²»äœã(å代ç°åºãé€ããŠ)ãããã20 - 30çšåºŠã«ãŸã§çºåãæžãããã®ã«å¯Ÿããæ°å®¿åºã«ã¯çŸåš94(éå²³çºãšéã¶äžçºãå¥åã®çºåãšãããªãã°95)ã®çºåãååšãã(ãã®æ°åã¯æ±äº¬éœã®ç¹å¥åºã®ãã¡æå€)ãæ±æžæä»£ã®æŠå®¶å±æ·ãéåçºå±ã«ç±æ¥ããçºåãæ§ç蟌åºã»åè°·åºåãäžå¿ã«å€ãã¿ããã(2009幎(å¹³æ21幎)7ææ«æç¹ã«ãããäœå±
衚瀺æªå®æœã®çºåã¯å€ªåã§ç€ºããããªããçœéçºãšåžè°·å°çºã«ã¯æªå®æœã®ç®æãããããããªããååšãã)ã
æ°å®¿åºã®çºè¶³ä»¥éã«æ¶æ»
ããçºåã¯21ããã倧éšåãäœå±
è¡šç€ºå®æœã«äŒŽãçºå倿Žã«ããã
äžèšã®ã»ããåºç»æŽåãçºåçµ±åãç®çãšããªãçºå倿ŽãæŠçœåŸ©èæã«è¡ãããããããã忥çãªçç±ã«ããã
æ°å®¿åºå
ãå°ååã(åºååã)ããæ¹æ³ã¯ããã€ãååšããããå䜵ã«ããèªçããçµç·¯ããéå»ã®è¡æ¿åºåãåºæºãšãããã®ãæ¯èŒçå€ãã¿ããããåžè¡å°åã«ãããã®åºæºã现ååããããã亀éç¶²ã®çºéãšãšãã«é§
åšèŸºã1ã€ã®å°åãšããŠæ°ãã«èªç¥ãããããã«ãªããªã©ããã®åºæºã¯ææ¥ã®çµéãšãšãã«å€åãèŠããããããæ®éçãªå°ååãã確ç«ããŠããããã§ã¯ãªãã
代衚çãªãã®ãšããŠãæ°å®¿åºã®å身ã§ããæ±äº¬åžè¡æ¿åºæä»£ã®åºåãåºæºã«ãã3å°åºåé¡(åå°åºãåè°·å°åºã»ç蟌å°åºã»æ·æ©å°åºãªã©ãšè¡šçŸãã)ãããããã ããæ§æ·æ©åºåã¯ç¯å²ãåºãããšããæ·æ©åºãååšããã®ã¯ããã15幎éã§ãã1å°åãšããŠã®å®æ
ã«ä¹ããããšãæ°å®¿(æ§å
è€æ°å®¿çºå)ãåè°·ã«åé¡ããã®ã¯ä»æ¥ã®å®æ
ãšããé¢ããŠããããšãªã©ãããåè°·ã»æ·æ©å°åºãå身1åº5çºåã«çްååãã7å°åºåé¡ãåºæºã«å°ååãããããšãå€ãããã®åºæºã«äœå±
衚瀺ã«ããçºåçºå倿Žã®åœ±é¿ãå ãããåå°åºã®åç§°ãç¯å²ã¯å€åãæžå¡å°åºã¯é«ç°éŠ¬å Žã»æ©çš²ç°ãæ§æ·æ©çºå(è§çã»æ·æ©ã»ææš)ã¯è¥¿æ°å®¿ã»åæ°å®¿ãšããåç§°ãå®çããããŸããçžå¯Ÿçã«ç¯å²ã®åºãæ§ç蟌åºå(ç蟌å°åº)ã«ãããŠãåéš(åžè°·ãå ããçºåãéãŸãå°åº)ã¯åžè°·å°åºãå西éš(æ©çš²ç°å€§åŠåšèŸº)ã¯æ©çš²ç°ãšåŒã°ããŠããã(ããããç蟌åºã®å身ã®åžè°·æåã»æ©çš²ç°æåã«ç±æ¥)ããã®ã»ãå°äžéæ±è¥¿ç·æ²¿ç·å°åºãæ©çš²ç°ã»ç¥æ¥œåãšè¡šçŸããæ©äŒãå€ããªã£ãŠããã
æ°å®¿åºå
ã®å°ååãšããŠäœ¿ãããæ©äŒããããã®ã®ãã¡ãäž»ãªãã®ã以äžã«æããã
æ°å®¿åºã®çºè¶³ä»¥éãäœåºŠãå¢ç倿ŽããªãããŠããã
æ°å®¿åºã¯ã緎銬ãã³ããŒ(æ±äº¬é茞æ¯å±)ãå²ãåœãŠãããŠããã
æ°å®¿åºã¯ä»¥äžã®6ç¹å¥åºã«é£æ¥ããŠããã飿¥è·é¢ãæãé·ãã®ã¯äžéåºã æ°å®¿åºã«é£æ¥ããç¹å¥åºãšãã®çºåã以äžã«æããã
(æå端ããæèšåãé ã«èšèŒã)
åºã¯ã1950幎(æå25幎)以æ¥10ãæã®ç¹å¥åºåŒµæãšåºåœ¹ææ¬åºå°åºã®èš11ãæã«å¯Ÿå¿ããè¡æ¿åºåãèšããŠãããåç§°ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã
調å°å¹Žææ¥ã®é ã
æ°å®¿åºã¯ã2010幎(å¹³æ22幎)ã«ç¯çœªçºçä»¶æ°10537ä»¶ãèšé²ããæ±äº¬éœå
ã§æãç¯çœªçºçä»¶æ°ãå€ãèªæ²»äœãšãªã£ãŠããŸã£ãããã®ãããç¹è¯è¡ã ãã§ãªãäœå®
å°ã«ãããŠããæ¡äŸã®æ¡å
ãé²ç¯ããããŒã«ãªã©ã®åãçµã¿ãè¡ãããŠããã
2017幎ã®åºå²å€æŽã«äŒŽããèœå第äºç¹å¥åºåŒµæç®¡å
ãšèœå第äžç¹å¥åºåŒµæç®¡å
ã®äžèœå1ã»2äžç®ãäžèœå1äžç®ãäžèœå3ã»4äžç®ãäžäº2äžç®ã¯1åºãã10åºã«ç§»è¡ããã
æ±æ¥æ¬æ
客éé(JRæ±æ¥æ¬)
æ±äº¬å°äžé(æ±äº¬ã¡ãã)
æ±äº¬éœäº€éå±(éœå¶å°äžé)
京çé»é
å°ç°æ¥é»é
西æŠéé
ãã®ã»ããé§
ã®åç§°ãæ°å®¿åºã«é¢ä¿ããŠãã(ããŠãã)é§
ãããã€ãååšããã
çŸåšã®æ±äº¬éœå¿éšã«ãããåžè¡å°é»è»ã®æ©èœã¯ããã€ãŠè·¯é¢é»è»(ããããéœé»)ãæ
ã£ãŠãããå©çšè
æ°ãããŒã¯ãè¿ãã1950å¹Žä»£åœæã®èŠæš¡ã¯è·¯ç·æ°(系統æ°)41ãè·¯ç·ç·å»¶é·ã¯213ããã¡ãŒãã«ãå±±æç·ã®é§
å士ãçµã¶ãããªç³»çµ±ãå€ãã系統éã®ä¹ãæããæè»œã§ãéœå¿éšã®æ ç¹ãšæ ç¹ãç¶²ã®ç®ç¶ã«çµãã§ãããæ°å®¿åºå
ã«ãããŠã¯ãæ°å®¿é§
åã»åè°·äžäžç®ã»æ©çš²ç°ã»é£¯ç°æ©ãã¿ãŒããã«ãšãã10è·¯ç·ãæ·èšãããå±±æç·åé§
ã»äžžã®å
ã»é座ãªã©ãžã®åŸæ¥ã«é »ç¹ã«å©çšãããŠããããããé«åºŠçµæžæé·ãšãšãã«äžè¬è»äž¡ãã¯ãããšãã亀ééã¯å¹Žã
å¢å ããè·¯é¢é»è»ã®å¹³åéè¡é床ã¯äœäžãããã«ããå©çšè
æ°ã¯æžå°ããã©ããæ±äº¬éœäº€éå±ã®åçã¯æªåããããã®ãã代æ¿ã®å°äžé建èšèšç»ãå
·äœåããè·¯é¢é»è»ã¯1960幎代åŸåããåŸã
ã«æ€å»ãããããšã«ãªã£ããéœé»27系統ã®äžéšãš32系統ã®ã¿æä¹
åç¶ã決å®ãã仿¥èå·ç·ãšããåç§°ã§éè¡ããŠãããããã®ã»ãã®è·¯ç·ã¯1972幎(æå47幎)11æãŸã§ã«ãã¹ãŠå»æ¢ãããã
æ°å®¿åºå
ãéè¡ããŠãã10è·¯ç·ã®ãã¡ã32系統以å€ã¯1963幎(æå38幎)ãã1970幎(æå45幎)ã«ãããŠå»æ¢ã仿¥ãåœæã®è·¯ç·ã®æ²¿ç·å°åºã«ã¯ãããã代æ¿ã®å°äžéè·¯ç·ã建èšãããŠããã
æ°å®¿åºå
ã®äž»ãªéè·¯ã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã®ããããã«ãã³å
ã®åç§°ã¯ãäžè¬çãªå°å³ãéè·¯äžã®æšèã«èšèŒããŠããåç§°(äžè¬åç§°)ã
æ°å®¿åºã®éœåžèšç»éè·¯ã«åºã¥ããäž»ã«ä»¥äžã®è·¯ç·ã建èšã»èšç»äžã§ããã
æ°å®¿åºã®åºé(äžéšäŸå€ãã)ã®ãã¡æç§°ãã€ããŠããè·¯ç·ãããããããã¯ãããã1988幎(æå63幎)12æã«æ°å®¿åºãæç§°ãåéããŠåœåãå°åã®å©äŸ¿æ§ãèæ
®ããŠéžèãããããåšèŸºä»åºã«é¢ä¿ã®æ·±ãåç§°ã®ãã®ãããã(å²åŠå ã¯äžéåºå
ã®å»ºé ç©ãæ±æžå·æ©ã¯æäº¬åºå
ã®æ©ã)
1965幎(æå40幎)ã«æ·æ©æµæ°Žå Ž(è§çäžäžç®ãçŸåšã®è¥¿æ°å®¿äºäžç®)ã®æ©èœãæ±æå±±åžã«ç§»è»¢ãããããè·¡å°ããã³åšèŸº(è§çäºäžç®ã»äžäžç®ã»åäºç€Ÿã»æ·æ©)ã®æŽåèšç»ãé²ããããããã®äžç°ãšããŠ1969幎(æå44幎)ãæ°å®¿äžå€®å
¬åãšæ°å®¿é§
ã«æãŸããå°åºäžåž¯ã«æ Œåç¶ã®éè·¯(ããããæ±äº¬éœé)ã宿ããããã®äžè¬åç§°ãæ±ºããããã«æ±äº¬éœãšåšèŸºäœæ°ãæ°å®¿å¯éœå¿å°åºè¡è·¯ããŒãã³ã°å§å¡äŒãç«ã¡äžããåç§°ãéžèããå¹³å¡ã§ã芪ãã¿ã®æãŠãåç§°ãããšã®æ¹éã®ããšãæ±äº¬éœåºè(çŸåºè)ã®ç§»è»¢éåºãç®åã«ã²ããã1990幎(å¹³æ2幎)9æã«ä»¥äžã®8è·¯ç·ã®åç§°ãæ±ºå®ã
(æ±è¥¿ã«å»¶ã³ãéè·¯ãååŽãããååã«äŒžã³ãéè·¯ãæ±åŽããé ã«èšèŒã)
æ°å®¿é§
åšèŸºã¯åœå
æå€§ã®åæ¥å°ãšãªã£ãŠããã
2008幎(å¹³æ20幎)7æçŸåšã®æ°å®¿åºå
ã®éµäŸ¿å±ã¯56å±ãATMåºåŒµæã¯17ç®æãç°¡æéµäŸ¿å±ã¯ååšããªã(以åã¯å°ç°æ¥çŸè²šåºå
ã«ç°¡æéµäŸ¿å±ãååšãã)ã
éé
éµäŸ¿å±ã¯3å±ãåºå
äžéšå°åã¯äžéåºã«ããèœåéµäŸ¿å±ãéé
ãæ
åœããŠããã
ããã¡ãéè¡çŽå¶åºèã¯2åºèã
ãããœçåœä¿éºçŽå¶åºèã¯1åºèã
éµäŸ¿å±
æ°å®¿åºã«ã¯ç
é¢(ç
åºæ°20以äžã®å
¥é¢å¯èœãªå»çæœèš)ã13ãããç
åºæ°ã®åèšã¯5,543ãæ±äº¬éœå
ã§ã¯æ¿æ©åºã»å
«çååžã«æ¬¡ãã§3çªç®ã«ç
åºæ°ãå€ãæ±ããèªæ²»äœã§ããããŸãã1ç
é¢ãããã®ç
åºæ°ã¯436(æ±äº¬éœå
ã§ã¯æäº¬åºã»çæ±åžã«æ¬¡ãã§3çªç®ã«å€§ãã)ã§ããã倧ç
é¢ãéç©ããŠããããšã窺ããã(æ°åã¯ãããã2021幎(什å3幎)11æçŸåš)ã
æ°å®¿åºå
ã®ä»¥äžã®7ç
é¢ã¯æ±äº¬éœã®çœå®³æ ç¹ç
é¢ã«æå®ãããŠãããåºåçœå®³æã®ææ¥å»çæ ç¹ãšããŠã®æ©èœãåããŠããã
ãã®ä»ã®äž»ãªç
é¢ã以äžã«æ²ããã
æ°å®¿åºå
ã®å³æžé€šããã³é¡äŒŒæœèšã®ãã¡ãäžè¬å©çšãå¯èœãªå
¬ç«ã®æœèšã¯17ããã
é²è¡ç峿žé€šãšç·åççµ±èšå³æžé€šã¯çµç¹äžåœç«åœäŒå³æžé€šã®æ¯éšãšãªã£ãŠãããã宿
ãšããŠç¶æç®¡çã¯é²è¡çã»ç·åççµ±èšå±ã«ãã£ãŠãªãããŠãããæ¥åºè
ã®ããã®æ
å ±å
¬éæœèšãšããŠæ©èœããŠããã
æ°å®¿åºç«ã®å³æžé€šã«ã¯ãæè²å§å¡äŒã®çµç¹äžã®ãã®ãšããã以å€ã®ãã®ã«åé¡ããããæãå€ã峿žé€šã¯1951幎(æå26幎)3æéé€šã®æ°å®¿å³æžé€š(çŸåè°·å³æžé€šãåè°·åºæ°ã»ã³ã¿ãŒå
ã«äœµèš)ãæãæ°ãã峿žé€šã¯2006幎(å¹³æ18幎)4æèšçœ®ã®ãã©ã峿žé€š(äžå€®å³æžé€šå
ã«äœµèš)ã§ãããæ°å®¿åºç«ã®å³æžé€šã¯ãã¹ãŠãæ°å®¿åºçºè¶³ä»¥éã«æ°å®¿åºã«ãã£ãŠæ°èšããã峿žé€šã§ãããããåšèŸºä»åºã®å³æžé€šãšæ¯èŒããŠãã®æŽå²ã¯ããŸãå€ããªãã
æè²å§å¡äŒçµç¹äžã®å³æžé€šã®èµæžç·æ°ã¯ããã82äžç¹(éèªã®æ°ã¯å«ãŸã)ãèŠèŽèŠè³æã¯ããã4äž5,000ç¹ã
äžèš17æœèšã®ã»ããå©çšã«æ¡ä»¶ã®ãã峿žé€šãããã€ãããã
æ§åè°·åºãæ§ç蟌åºãæ§æ·æ©åºã®èåãªåºèº«è
ã«ã€ããŠã¯åè°·åºãç蟌åºãæ·æ©åºãåç
§
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%BF%E5%8C%BA
|
8,074 |
æ¥æ¬ãã¯ã¿ãŒ
|
æ¥æ¬ãã¯ã¿ãŒæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ(ã«ã»ããã¯ã¿ãŒãè±: Victor Company of Japan, Limited)ã¯ããã€ãŠååšããæ åæ©åšã»é³é¿æ©åšã»èšé²ã¡ãã£ã¢ãäž»ãªè£œåãšããæ¥æ¬ã®é»æ©ã¡ãŒã«ãŒã§ããã
2008幎(å¹³æ20幎)10æ1æ¥ã«åæ¥ã®ã±ã³ãŠãããšçµå¶çµ±åããJVCã»ã±ã³ãŠããã»ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¹(çŸã»JVCã±ã³ãŠãã)ãèšç«ããã®åŸ2011幎(å¹³æ23幎)10æ1æ¥ã«ã±ã³ãŠãããJ&Kã«ãŒãšã¬ã¯ãããã¯ã¹ãšãšãã«JVCã±ã³ãŠãããžåžåå䜵ãããã
çŸåšã®å¹³é¢åŒã¬ã³ãŒããéçºããã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœè³æ¬ã®The Victor Talking Machine Company(ãã¯ã¿ãŒããŒãã³ã°ãã·ã³ã«ã³ãããŒ)ã®æ¥æ¬æ³äººãšããŠèšç«ãè鳿©ã®è²©å£²ããå§ãŸãããã¬ãããããªãDVDã¬ã³ãŒããŒ/ãã¬ãŒã€ãŒãé³é¿æ©åšããããªã«ã¡ã©ãç£æ°ããŒããå
ãã£ã¹ã¯çã®ç ç©¶ã»éçºã»è£œé ã»è²©å£²ãè¡ã£ãŠããã
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãè鳿©ããèããã亡ã飌ãäž»ã®å£°ã«è³ãåŸããç¬(ããããŒ)ãæã㊠âHis Master's Voiceâ ãšåã¥ããããçµµãç»é²åæšãšããŠãããã°ããŒãã«ãã©ã³ãã®ãJVCã(ãžã§ã€ãã€ã·ãŒ)ãšãããã©ã³ãåã¯ãæ¥æ¬ãã¯ã¿ãŒæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãè±èªã«çŽèš³ãããJapan Victor Companyãããæ¥ãŠããããJVCãã¯äž»ã«ãã¯ã¿ãŒãåæšæš©ã®éœåã§äœ¿çšã§ããªãæµ·å€åžå Žã§çšãããã2009幎ããã¯æ¥æ¬åžå Žã«ãå°å
¥ãããããã©ã³ãã¹ããŒãã¡ã³ãããThe Perfect ExperienceããšããŠããã
1980幎代ãŸã§æµ·å€åžå Žåãã«ã¯ããNippon Victor Companyãããã®ãNIVICOã(ããã³)ãšãããã©ã³ãã䜿ãããŠããããæ§ããŽæä»£ã¯å圢ã«ãJVCã(äžå€®ã®Vã倧ãã)ã®ããŒã¯ãšäœµèšãããŠããã1968幎(æå43幎)ã®ããŽå€æŽåŸã¯ãJVCãã倧ããããŠãNIVICOããå°ãããããã1977幎(æå52幎)ãããJVCãã«äžæ¬åãããã
å®¶åºçšãããªãã©ãŒãããã®VHSã®éçºã¡ãŒã«ãŒã§ããããœããŒ(å代æ³äººãçŸã»ãœããŒã°ã«ãŒã)ã®éçºããå®¶åºçšVTRã®ããŒã¿ããã¯ã¹ãšãã©ãŒãããäºããç¹°ãåºããŠãããããã«ãåäžã«ãœããäŒç€Ÿã§ãããã¯ã¿ãŒ ãšã³ã¿ãã€ã³ã¡ã³ã(âãã¯ã¿ãŒé³æ¥œç£æ¥ãçŸ:JVCã±ã³ãŠããã»ãã¯ã¿ãŒãšã³ã¿ãã€ã³ã¡ã³ã)ããã€ãã¯ãšã³ã¿ãã€ã³ã¡ã³ããå§ããšãããœãã補äœéšéãæã¡ããœããŒã«æ¬¡ãããŒãã»ãœããäºæ¥ãæããäŒæ¥ã§ããã£ãããã®ä»ã®ã°ã«ãŒãäŒç€Ÿã«ãJVCãšã³ã¿ãã€ã³ã¡ã³ãããã¯ã¿ãŒã€ã³ããªã¢ãªã©çŽ100瀟ã®é¢é£äŒç€Ÿãæã£ãŠããã
2007幎(å¹³æ19幎)8æ10æ¥ã®ã±ã³ãŠãããšã®è³æ¬ææºã«ããæŸäžé»åšç£æ¥(çŸã»ãããœããã¯ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¹ã以äžãããœããã¯)ã®åäŒç€Ÿã§ã¯ãªããªã£ããããã®åŸãçé æ ªäž»ãšããŠã°ã«ãŒãäŒæ¥ã«åãé£ããŠãããå
±ã«å®¶åºçšAVæ©åšãäž»åãšãç«¶åé¢ä¿ã«ãããé·å¹Žããããœããã¯åµæ¥è
ã§ããæŸäžå¹žä¹å©ã®æ¹éã«ãããçžäºè£å®ã»çžäºç«¶äºã«ããçºå±ãšããæŠå¿µããã°ã«ãŒãå
ã§ãç¬èªæ§ãæã£ãŠããã
ãªã瀟åã®èªã¿ã«ã€ããŠã宿¬Ÿã«å®ãããããŠãããç»èšããããŠããªãããè¿å¹Žã®ãã¬ãã»ã©ãžãªæŸéã®æäŸã¯ã¬ãžããããã¥ãŒã¹çªçµãªã©ã®å ±éã§ã¯ãã«ã»ããã¯ã¿ãŒããšã¢ããŠã³ã¹ãããŠããã
1927幎(æå2幎)ã«æ¥æ¬ãã¯ã¿ãŒ(èšç«æã¯æ¥æ¬ãã¯ã¿ãŒèé³åšæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ)ã¯ç±³åœThe Victor Talking Machine Companyã®æ¥æ¬æ³äººãšããŠèšç«ããããç±³åœãã¯ã¿ãŒã¯ææ²»æä»£ããååãæ¥æ¬ã«èŒžåºããŠãããã颿±å€§éçœä»¥åŸã®å€§å¹
ãªèŒžå
¥åé¢çšã®ã¢ããã«ããåçæ§ã®æªåãããçç£ãã販売ãŸã§è¡ãçŸå°æ³äººãšããŠçºè¶³ããã
1929幎ã«ç±³ãã¯ã¿ãŒãRCA瀟ã«åžåå䜵ãããããšã§ãRCAãã¯ã¿ãŒã«èŠªäŒç€Ÿãç§»è¡ãããRCA瀟ã¯ãæµ·å€é²åºã«ã€ããŠã¯ååŒã®æ¹éã§ãããæ±èã»äžäºããã®åºè³ãåããŠããã1931幎ã«ã¯ãçŸåšã®æšªæµæ¬ç€Ÿå·¥å Žã«åœææ±æŽäžãšåŒã°ããè鳿©ã»ã¬ã³ãŒãã®è£œé å·¥å Žãšãªã第äžå·¥å Žã建èšãçµå¶åºç€ã匷åãããæ¥æ¬ãã¯ã¿ãŒèé³åšã¯ãRCA瀟ããç©æ¥µçãªæè¡å°å
¥ãé²ããæ¡å£°åšãã©ãžãªãªã©é³ã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ãžã®ç©æ¥µçãªé²åºãããã
æ¥äžæŠäºãå§ãŸããå€è³ç³»äŒæ¥ãžã®å§åã匷ãŸãäžã§1938幎ã«RCA瀟ã¯è³æ¬æ€éãæ ªåŒãæ¥ç£ã³ã³ãã§ã«ã³ã«è²æž¡ããããã®æãRCA瀟ãããç¬ã®ããŒã¯ãšãã¯ã¿ãŒã®ç€Ÿåã®æ¥æ¬ã§ã®äœ¿çšæš©ãè²ãåããã
æ¥ç£ã³ã³ãã§ã«ã³ã®æ ªåŒã¯æ±äº¬é»æ°(çŸã»æ±è)ã«å£²åŽãããæ±èåäžã«å
¥ãããã¯ã¿ãŒã¯1943幎ã«RCA瀟ãšè³æ¬é¢ä¿ãè§£æ¶ãã åŸããç ç©¶ã»æè¡éçºã§äº€æµãç¶ããåœç£åã®ãã¬ãéçºãããªãŒãã£ãªæè¡ãžãšçµã³ã€ãã倧æ±äºæŠäº(å€ªå¹³æŽæŠäº/ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠ)ãæ¿åããäžã§ãæµæ§èªæé€ã®åããåãã瀟åãæ¥æ¬é³é¿(æ ª)ãšæ¹ç§°ãçç£å·¥å Žãè»ã®ç®¡çãšãªãããããã¬ã³ãŒãã®ã¬ãŒãã«åã¯æåŸãŸã§ãVICTOR(ãã¯ã¿ãŒ)ããåç¶ãããã
ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠçµæŠçŽåŸã®1945幎10æã«æ¥æ¬ãã¯ã¿ãŒãžç€Ÿåã倿ŽããŠããã
äž»åã®æ¬ç€Ÿã»æšªæµå·¥å Žã»æ±äº¬æèžåº§ã¹ã¿ãžãªãã¬ã³ãŒãè£œé æœèšã空襲ã§çŒå€±ãäºæ¥ã¯å£æ»
ç¶æ
ã§ãåŽåäºè°ã®æ··ä¹±ã«ãã瀟é·äº€ä»£ã§èŠªäŒç€Ÿãæ±èããæ¥æ¬èæ¥éè¡ãžç§»è¡ãããèéã¯åœ¹å¡ã掟é£ãå建èšç»ãçå®ãããGHQãéè¡ã®ä¿ææ ªåŒãå¶éããããããã¯ã¿ãŒè²æž¡ãæ±èãžæèšºãããæ±èãæŠçœã®è¢«å®³ã倧ããããã¯ã¿ãŒã®åµåè¿æžåé¡ãããããŠè©±ã¯ãŸãšãŸãããæ¬¡ã«æŠåã®èŠªäŒç€Ÿã§ããRCAç€Ÿã«æèšºããã
1954幎(æå29幎)ã«æŸäžé»åšç£æ¥(çŸ:ãããœããã¯)ãšææºããæŸäžå¹žä¹å©ã®åé·äººã§å
æµ·è»å€§å°éæåäžéã瀟é·ã«ãæŸäžã®ç޹ä»ã§äœåéè¡åºèº«ã®çŸç¬çµãå¯ç€Ÿé·ã«å°±ãããæŸäžæ¬äœããã¯åéåéãå°åã«æŽŸé£ããã«ãšã©ãŸã£ããéæã¯å°±ä»»çŽåŸã«RCA瀟ã蚪åããŠæè¡æ¯æŽå¥çŽãçµã³åŸæ¥ã®é¢ä¿ã«æ»ãã 1946幎(æå21幎)ã«é«æ³å¥æ¬¡éãæè¡éšé·ã«è¿ããŠãã¬ãéçºãåéãããä»ãçŸè¡VTRã®ååã§ããäžçå2ãããVTRãã¹ãã¬ãªã¬ã³ãŒãæ¥çæšæºã®45/45æ¹åŒããã«ããµã©ãŠã³ãæè¡ã®ååã§äžçå4chã¬ã³ãŒãCD-4ããããžã§ã¯ã¿ãŒãªã©å€æ°ã®æè¡ãéçºããã髿³ã¯1950幎ã«åç· åœ¹æè¡éšé·ãžå°±ä»»åŸãå¯ç€Ÿé·ãšæè¡æé«é¡§åãæŽä»»ããã
1960幎ã«ã¯æ±äº¬èšŒåžååŒæã»å€§éªèšŒåžååŒæã«äžå Žããã1969幎ã«ã¯æ±äº¬ãªãªã³ããã¯å
¬åã®äžè§ã«ææ°ã®é²é³ã¹ã¿ãžãªã建èšãè±ç±³ä»¥å€ã®å°åºã§æãåªããæ©æãæã£ãŠãããšèšãããããããããã¬ãã®ãã³ãã³ã°çæãæ¥çå
šäœã«åºãŸãã䞻婊é£ãäžå¿ã«ãã¬ãã®äžè²·éåã«çºå±ãç¹ã«é«äŸ¡æ Œååã«ãŠã§ã€ãã眮ããã¯ã¿ãŒã«ãšã£ãŠçæãšãªã£ãã茞åºã«éãéãæ±ãããããã¯ãœã³ã·ã§ãã¯ã«ãããããã§ããªãã£ãããã®åŸããªã€ã«ã·ã§ãã¯ã«ããæ¯æ°ã®å€±éã«ããæ¥çäžæ¯ãå ããããã¯ã¿ãŒã¯äœè¿·ããããã®ããã瀟é·ã«æŸäžé»åšåºèº«ã®æŸé幞åã就任ãåœæã®ãã«ç®±ã®ã¬ã³ãŒãéšéã1972幎4æ25æ¥ã«å瀟å(ãã¯ã¿ãŒé³æ¥œç£æ¥ãçŸ:JVCã±ã³ãŠããã»ãã¯ã¿ãŒãšã³ã¿ãã€ã³ã¡ã³ã)ããŠãæ¬äœã¯ããŒãäºæ¥ã«éäžããããšãšãªã£ãã
1970幎代ã«å
¥ãããªãŒãã£ãªããŒã ãå°æ¥ãAVã¡ãŒã«ãŒã¯ããã£ãŠã³ã³ããŒãã³ãã·ã¹ãã ãçºå£²ããã¯ã¿ãŒãã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã€ã³ã©ã€ã¶ãŒ(SEAã·ãªãŒãº)ãäžçåã®1å°ã§ã¹ãã¬ãªé³é¿ãå®çŸããç圢ã¹ããŒã«ãŒãSXã¹ããŒã«ãŒã·ãªãŒãºãçºå£²ããã
1976幎ã«ã¯VHSãããªãéçºãVHSã¯å®¶åºçšãããªãšããŠã®èŠä»¶ãæºããããœããŒã®ããŒã¿ããã¯ã¹ãšã®èŠæ Œç«¶äºã«ãåå©ããæ¥æ¬åã®äžçæšæºèŠæ Œãšãªã£ãããã®åŸãVHSã®åºæ¬èŠæ Œãç¶æããªãããæ°ããªèŠæ ŒãéçºããŠãã£ãããããªã«ã¡ã©çšã®VHS-Cãé«è§£å床ãèªãS-VHSãé«é³è³ªã®Hi-FièŠæ Œãããžã¿ã«é³å£°èŠæ ŒS-VHS-DAãã¢ããã°ãã€ããžã§ã³å¯Ÿå¿ã®W-VHSãããžã¿ã«æŸé察å¿ã®D-VHSçã§ããããããã®èŠæ Œã«ã¯äžäœäºææ§ãä¿éããããŠãŒã¶ãŒãããããè²·ãæããŠã以åã®ããŒãã䜿ãç¶ããããšãã§ãããVHSã®åœ±é¿ã§ããŒããé»åããã€ã¹ãæ åãœãããªã©æ°äºæ¥ãæ¡å€§ããããã£ãããšãªãããªãŒãã£ãªã»ãã¬ããªã©æ¢åã®äºæ¥ã«ã圱é¿ãäžããã
VHSãããªã®çºå£²åœåã¯1000ååå°ã ã£ã幎é売äžã¯ã幎平å40%ã®æé·ãæãããããã6幎ã§å£²äžé«6000ååå°ã«å°éãå©çã¯4幎éã§10åãŸã§æ¡å€§ããããã¯ã¿ãŒã¯VHSã®æµ·å€é²åºã«åãããŠæµ·å€å±éãç©æ¥µçã«æ¡å€§ããçç£ã»è²©å£²çŸå°æ³äººãååœã«èšç«ããããŸããååœã®AVäŒæ¥ãžæè¡äŸäžãè¡ããJVCã®ãã©ã³ãã確ç«ããã
1982幎ããã¯æ¬§å·ã§ã®ããã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³åŒ·åãçãFIFAã¯ãŒã«ãã«ããã®ãªãã£ã·ã£ã«ã¹ãã³ãµãŒã®æš©å©ãç²åŸãããã«ããæ¬§å·ã§ã®JVCãã©ã³ãã¯çµ¶å¯Ÿçãªä¿¡é Œãç²åŸããããšãšãªãã
VHSã®æååŸãæ¢åã®ã¬ã³ãŒãèšåãå©çšã§ããçµµã®åºãã¬ã³ãŒããšããŠVHDãåååãããåå
¥ã衚æããã¡ãŒã«ãŒã¯å€æ°ãã£ããããã£ã¹ã¯ã®èä¹
æ§ã«å£ãçºå£²å»¶æãçžæ¬¡ãã ããŸããæè¡çãªé¢ã§ã¯ãã€ãªãã¢(ããŒã AVæ©åšäºæ¥éšãåŸã®ãã€ãªãã¢ããŒã ãšã¬ã¯ãããã¯ã¹âãªã³ããšãŒ&ãã€ãªãã¢âãªã³ããšãŒããŒã ãšã³ã¿ãŒãã€ã¡ã³ãã2022幎5æçµå¶ç Žç¶»ãâãªã³ããšãŒãã¯ãããžãŒ/ãã£ã¢ãã¯)ãçºå£²ãããããªãã£ã¹ã¯èŠæ Œã®ã¬ãŒã¶ãŒãã£ã¹ã¯(LD)ãåªå¢ã ã£ãããã®åŸããªãŒãã£ãªåžå Žãã¬ã³ãŒãããå
åŠèªã¿åãã®CDã«ç§»è¡ããäºãããVHDã¯ãã£ã¹ã¯çç£ãã¬ã³ãŒãçç£èšåãæŽ»çšã§ãããšããå¯äžã®ã¡ãªããã倱ããæ¥æ¬ãã¯ã¿ãŒã¯3-Dç«äœåçæ©èœãLDãšåçã®è§£å床ãæã€QX VHDãé«é³è³ªåçãå®çŸããVHD DigitalAudioããªã©ã®èŠæ Œãéçºããåžå Žã«æå
¥ãããããããããã®èŠæ Œã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããœããã¯ãããããçºå£²ãããªãã£ããåææãããžã¿ã«ãªãŒãã£ãªæ¹åŒãšããŠDADæè«äŒã«æ¬¡äžä»£ã®ãªãŒãã£ãªãã£ã¹ã¯èŠæ ŒãšããŠVHDèŠæ Œãå©çšããAHDèŠæ ŒãCDãšåææã«ææ¡ãããã®ã®ãæŸäžãªã©ã®æåã¡ãŒã«ãŒããã®æ¯æãåŸããããäžè¬åããããšã¯ãªãã£ãã
æŸäžé»åšç£æ¥ãšå
±åã§ã¢ããã°ãã€ããžã§ã³ã®MUSEæ¹åŒHi-Vision VHDãéçºãé²ãããã®ã®ãMUSEæ¹åŒã«ããã¢ããã°ãã€ããžã§ã³æŸéãå®çããªãã£ãããšãéãªããåžå Žã«ã¯æå
¥ãããã«çµããããã®åŸVHDã¯æ¥åçšã«ã©ãªã±åžå Žã«åå
¥ããããã¬ãŒã¶ãŒãã£ã¹ã¯ã«ã©ãªã±ãšã®ç«¶åã«å ããŠéä¿¡ã«ã©ãªã±ã®æ®åã«ãã£ãŠå®å
šã«é§éããåžå Žããå§¿ãæ¶ããVHDã®å€±æã¯ãœããã®ååŽã ãã§200ååã®è² æ
ãšãªãããã¯ã¿ãŒã®æéœã«æè»ããããåå ãšãªãã
1986幎åé«äžæ³ä»¥éãVTRåžå Žã®æçåãšåé«ã«ãã£ãŠå¶æ¥å©çã¯äœè¿·ããŠãããã®ã®ã100ååãè¶
ãã(ããŒã¯æã¯1988幎ã®166åå)VHSé¢é£ç¹èš±äœ¿çšæåå
¥ã®äžæ¯ããã广çãªãªã¹ãã©çãé
ãããèŠå ãšãªãã
1991幎ã«ã¯ãäž»åã®ãããªåžå Žã¯æµ·å€åžå Žã®èªã¿éãã«ãã£ãŠåšåº«ãå¢ããç¿å¹Žã®å£²äžã2å²è¿ãæžãããŸãåšåº«åŠåã®è²»çšãå¢å ãå·šé¡ã®èµ€åãçºçãå ããŠãªãŒãã£ãªåžå Žã®äžæ¯ãå ãã1993幎ã«ã¯äžå Žä»¥æ¥åã®ç¡é
ãšãªãããã®é ããVHSã®é¢é£ç¹èš±ãæºæãè¿ããã
1994幎ã«ã¯ã20幎ã¶ãã«æŸäžããå®éæŠéåç· åœ¹ã瀟é·ãšããŠè¿ãå
¥ããã1991幎ãã1995幎ãŸã§ãã°ã«ãŒãäŒç€Ÿãå«ã4000人ã®äººå¡åæžãå®è¡ãæ¬ç€Ÿãæ¥æ¬æ©ããæšªæµå·¥å Žã«ç§»è»¢ãããããããäžã§ã1991幎æ¥çåã®ã¯ã€ããã¬ããçºå£²ãã¯ã€ããã¬ãã®å
éãã€ããããŸããç¬èªã®åç»å§çž®æè¡ã«ãã£ãŠãããªCDèŠæ Œããã£ãªããã¹ç€Ÿãšå
±åéçºããã®åŸã®DVDèŠæ Œã®çå®ã§ã¯ããããªCDã§åŸãMPEGæè¡ãæäŸããã¯ã¿ãŒã®æè¡çåªäœæ§ã確ç«ããã
1995幎ã«ã¯ããœããŒã»æŸäžé»åšã»ãã£ãªããã¹ã»æ¥ç«ã»äžè±ãšå
±åã§ãå®¶åºçšããžã¿ã«ãããªã«ã¡ã©èŠæ Œã®DVèŠæ Œãéçºãä»ç€Ÿãã»ãããçšã®ãã€ãšã³ãæ©çš®ãçºå£²ãããªããå°ååã远æ±ããããžã¿ã«ã ãŒããŒãçºè¡šããã¯ã¿ãŒã®æè¡åã®é«ãã瀺ãäžæ¹ã§ãçŸåšã®ããžã¿ã«ãããªã«ã¡ã©åžå Žãåãéãåååãšãªãã倧ããããèšé²ããããªã¹ãã©ãšãããååã«ãã£ãŠã1996幎ã«ã¯åŸ©é
ããããåžå Žã®æªåãšãããååã®äžåšã«ãã£ãŠãèµ€åãšãªã¹ãã©ã«ããé»åã®ãµã€ã¯ã«ãç¹°ãè¿ãã
1998幎ã«ã¯ã1990幎ããç¶ããŠããç±³ããœã³ã³ã²ãŒã äŒç€Ÿå€§æãšã¬ã¯ããããã¯ã»ã¢ãŒããšã®ååŒäºæ¥ãšã¬ã¯ããããã¯ã¢ãŒãã»ãã¯ã¿ãŒãè§£æ¶ã
2001å¹Žã«æŸäžé»åšç£æ¥ç€Ÿé·ã«å°±ä»»ããäžæéŠå€«ã®æ¹éã«ãã£ãŠã2003幎床ããæŸäžã°ã«ãŒãã®äºæ¥ã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã®åç·šã«ãã£ãŠããã¯ã¿ãŒã¯äžã€ã®ã»ã°ã¡ã³ããšããŠç¢ºç«ããã°ã«ãŒãã®äºæ¥èšç»ã«ãåå ããç ç©¶éçºãéšæã®å
±å賌å
¥ãªã©æŸäžãšã®é£æºãé²ããäžæ¹ã§ãçµå¶ã®èªäž»æ§ãšè²¬ä»»ãããäžå±€æã€ããšãšãªã£ããåœæã®æŸäžã°ã«ãŒãã®äžã§ãã¯ã¿ãŒã®å£²äžã¯å
šäœã®7%çšã
2001幎ã«ã¯ãæŸäžåºèº«ã®å¯ºç°é
圊ã瀟é·å°±ä»»ã2001幎ãã2006幎ãŸã§ã«åç¬ã§3500äººåæžããåœå
å€37ãã£ãè£œé æ ç¹ã23æ ç¹ã«éçŽãæ ç»ã»ã²ãŒã ãšãã£ããã³ã³ã¢äºæ¥ã®å£²åŽæ€éãé²ãããäžæ¹ã§ãã¯ã¿ãŒç¬èªã®æè¡ã掻ããããªã³ãªãŒã¯ã³æŠç¥ãé²ããåæ§æŽŸäŒæ¥ãžã®è»¢èº«ãå³ããäž»ãªååãšããŠãããŒããã£ã¹ã¯æèŒMPEGã ãŒããŒãEverio(ãšããªãª)ããã³ã³ãã»ååã¹ããŒã«ãŒã»ã«ãŒã¹ããŒã«ãŒã«æèŒããäžçåã®æšè£œæ¯åæ¿ãWOOD CONE(ãŠããã³ãŒã³)ããäžçåã®å®¶åºçšãã€ããžã§ã³ã«ã¡ã©ãçºå£²ãç¬èªéçºããæ åçŽ å(D-ILA)ãæèŒãããªã¢ãããžã§ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã¬ãã»ãã€ãšã³ããããžã§ã¯ã¿ãŒã®çºå£²ãè¡ãããŸããDOS/Vããœã³ã³ã®åžå Žã«åå
¥ããããäŒžã³æ©ãã ããããããªã¹ãã©ãšç¬èªååã«ãã£ãŠ2002幎ã«çŽ445ååã®æå€±ããã2004幎ã«ã¯156ååã®çŽå©çãèšäžãæ¥çžŸå埩ãæããã
ãããæ¥éãªããžã¿ã«å®¶é»ã®äŸ¡æ Œäœäžãåžå Žç°å¢ã®æ¥éãªå€åãæµ·å€åžå Žãäžå¿ã«ãã³ãã©ã³ãã®å°é ãããžã¿ã«è£œåç¹æã®ååãµã€ã¯ã«ã®çåœåãšãéçºå·¥çšã®èšåŒµã«ããDVDã¬ã³ãŒããŒã®éå€§ãªæ¬ é¥ã«ããæå€±ãšããã©ã³ãã€ã¡ãŒãžã®æªåã«ãã£ãŠ2004幎ã«ã¯èµ€å転èœã2005幎床ã«ã¯306ååã®åœæç޿倱ãèšäžããããã®ããå床ã®ãªã¹ãã©ãè¡ããããåŸãªãã£ãããŸãããã®æ¥çžŸæªåã®ããã1982幎ããç¶ããŠããFIFAã¯ãŒã«ãã«ãããžã®åè³ã2006幎ã®ãã€ã倧äŒã§çµäºã2010幎ã«ã¯ã1978幎ããã¹ãã³ãµãŒãããŠæ¥ããæ±äº¬ãããªãã§ã¹ãã£ãã«ãã®åŸæŽãéããããåŸãªããªã£ãã
2007幎7æ24æ¥ãæ¥æ¬ãã¯ã¿ãŒããã³ã±ã³ãŠããã¯ã䞡瀟ã®åç· åœ¹äŒã§ãå幎10ææã«ã«ãŒãšã¬ã¯ãããã¯ã¹ãšããŒã¿ãã«ãªãŒãã£ãªäºæ¥åéã®åæ¥ãéå§ããå°æ¥çã«ã¯å
±åæã¡æ ªäŒç€Ÿã«ããçµå¶çµ±åãç®æãããšã決å®ãæŸäžé»åšãšãšãã«ãã®æ¹éãçºè¡šãããå幎8æ10æ¥ã«ã±ã³ãŠãããšãã®çé æ ªäž»ã§ããã¹ããŒã¯ã¹éçšãã¡ã³ãã«å¯Ÿãã第äžè
å²åœå¢è³ãè¡ãªããã±ã³ãŠããã®æã¡æ ªæ¯çã17.1%ãæŸäžé»åšã®æã¡æ ªæ¯çã36.9%ãšãªããã±ã³ãŠããã¯æ¥æ¬ãã¯ã¿ãŒã®ç¬¬2äœã®æ ªäž»ã«ãªããšåæã«æ¥æ¬ãã¯ã¿ãŒãæŸäžé»åšã®é£çµåäŒç€Ÿããå€ãæåæ³é©çšé¢é£äŒç€Ÿãšãªã£ããå幎10æ1æ¥ãã±ã³ãŠãããšãã¯ã¿ãŒã®æååºè³ã§æè¡éçºååŒäŒç€ŸãJ&K ãã¯ãããžãŒãºæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãæ°èšãã«ãŒããã³ããŒã ãšã¬ã¯ãããã¯ã¹æè¡éçºã®ã³ã©ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ã¿ãŒãããã
2008幎5æ12æ¥ã6æã®æ ªäž»ç·äŒã®æ¿èªåŸãçµãŠ10æã«æ«å®å
±åææ ªäŒç€ŸãJVCã»ã±ã³ãŠããã»ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¹æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãèšç«ã(æ¬åºã¯æšªæµåžã®ãã¯ã¿ãŒæ¬åºå
)çµå¶çµ±åããããšãçºè¡šããããããã«äŒŽããã¯ã¿ãŒåã³ã±ã³ãŠããã¯äžå Žå»æ¢ã®äžã§åäžã®äºæ¥äŒç€Ÿãšãªããäºå®éã10æ1æ¥ã«å
±åææ ªäŒç€Ÿãäžå Žãããããããœããã¯(çŸã»ãããœããã¯ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¹)ã¯JVCã»ã±ã³ãŠããã»ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¹ã®æ ªäž»ãšãªã£ãã
2011幎3ææç¹ã§ãããœããã¯ã¯JVCã»ã±ã³ãŠããã»ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¹ã®ææ ªæ¯çã20%以äžãšãªããæåæ³é©çšå¯Ÿè±¡å€ãšãªã£ãŠããããã ãçé æ ªäž»ã§ã¯ãã£ãã
2011幎10æ1æ¥ã«ã±ã³ãŠãããJ&Kã«ãŒãšã¬ã¯ãããã¯ã¹ãšãšãã«JVCã»ã±ã³ãŠããã»ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¹æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿããåå·å€æŽããæ ªåŒäŒç€ŸJVCã±ã³ãŠãããžåžåå䜵ãããã
ããŒãæä»£ããæãããèšé²ã¡ãã£ã¢äºæ¥ã¯ããã¯ã¿ãŒã®ããŒããã¡ãã£ã¢ã§æ¯ããäºæ¥ã ã£ããçŸåšã§ã¯VHSã»ãããªã«ã¡ã©çšMiniDVããŒããCDã»DVDã»MDçã®ãã©ã³ã¯ãã£ã¹ã¯ãªã©ãäž»ã«æãããŠãããç¹ã«èšé²åå
ãã£ã¹ã¯ã®ãã©ã³ã¯ã¡ãã£ã¢ã¯DVD-RWã§ä»ç€Ÿãžã®OEMäŸçµŠãå«ããŠãããã·ã§ã¢ã§ãããããŒãäºæ¥ã§ã¯æãããŠããªã8cmDVD(å®¶åºçšãããªã«ã¡ã©çš)ãæ±ã£ãŠããã
ããããå
šäœã®æ¥çžŸæªåã«ãããã¡ãã£ã¢äºæ¥ãæŽç察象ãšãªãã2008幎7æ1æ¥ã«ãã¯ã¿ãŒã¢ããã³ã¹ãã¡ãã£ã¢ãšããŠå瀟ããå幎10æ1æ¥ã«åç€Ÿæ ªåŒã®65%ã倪éœèªé»ã«å£²åŽããããããã®äºæ¥ã2015幎12æã以ã£ãŠæž
ç®ãããããšãšãªã£ãã
æ åã»é³æ¥œãœããã®è£œäœã»è£œé ã»æµéã»è²©å£²ãªã©å€å²ã«ãããäºæ¥ãé¢é£äŒç€Ÿã«ãã£ãŠè¡ã£ãŠãããå¶äœ(äžæµ)ããæµé(äžæµ)ãŸã§äžæã«åŒãåããããã®ã¯æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãœããŒã°ã«ãŒããšãã¯ã¿ãŒ(ãã®ã»ãã2009幎ãŸã§ã¯æ¥æ¬ã³ãã ãã¢ã)ããååšããããœããæµéã§ã¯ã·ã§ã¢60%ã ã£ãææããã£ãã
HDDçšã¢ãŒã¿ãŒãå
ããã¯ã¢ãããD-ILAçŽ åãé«å¯åºŠãã«ãã¢ããåºæ¿VILãæããããHDDçšã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã«ã€ããŠã¯åœå
第2äœã®ã·ã§ã¢ãä¿ã¡ããã©ãŠã³ç®¡çšã®ååãšãŒã¯ãFDDã¢ãŒã¿ãŒãªã©ãæ§æ¥ã®äž»å補åã«å€ããååãšããŠè²ã¡ã€ã€ãã£ãã2008幎ã«ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒäºæ¥ã¯JVC ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒå瀟åããåŸãæ¥æ¬ç£æ¥ããŒãããŒãº(JIPãã¡ã³ã)ã«ããŸãããµãŒãããäºæ¥ãã¡ã€ã³ãŒã«ããããè²æž¡ããã
1984幎åå
¥ãçŸåšã¯(æ ª)JVCã±ã³ãŠããã»ããŒãããºã
1995幎ãã1999幎é ã«ãããŠãDDIãã±ãã(çŸ:ã¯ã€ã¢ãã€ã«ã®ã¬ã©ã±ãŒéšé)åãã«PHS端æ«ãäŸçµŠããŠããã
äžè±é»æ©ãããã©ãŠã³ç®¡ã®äŸçµŠãåããŠãMEGAãã·ãªãŒãºããæ¶²æ¶ãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ãšãã©ãºããã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ã®èåãã¬ããEXEãã·ãªãŒãºããããããçç£ããŠè²©å£²ããã売ãäžãäžæ¯ã§èµ€åãå¢å€§ãã2008幎éãã§ãã¬ãååæ©ãšãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ã®çç£ãåãæ¢ããã
ã³ãŒãã¬ã¹ãã³ãªã©ãçºå£²ããŠãããã¹ãã¬ãªã³ã³ãã«ã³ãŒãã¬ã¹ãã³ãæèŒããããšããã£ããçå®çªé»è©±ã®é²é³ã«ã¯ã³ã³ãã¯ãã«ã»ãããå©çšã§ãã(äž»ã«ãå
ã«ã¹ãã·ãªãŒãº)ã
ãã€ãŠã¯RCAã¬ã³ãŒã(çŸ:ç±³åœãœããŒã»ãã¥ãŒãžãã¯ãšã³ã¿ãã€ã³ã¡ã³ã)ããã³BMGãšã®ååŒã«ããBMGãã¯ã¿ãŒãMCAã¬ã³ãŒããšã®ååŒã«ãããŠãããŒãµã«ã»ãã¯ã¿ãŒããã€ãã¯ãšã³ã¿ãã€ã³ã¡ã³ããååšãããBMGãã¯ã¿ãŒã¯ã¢ãªãªã©ãžã£ãã³(çŸ:ãœããŒã»ãã¥ãŒãžãã¯ã¬ãŒãã«ãº)ã®å身ã§ããããŠãããŒãµã«ã»ãã¯ã¿ãŒã¯ãŠãããŒãµã« ãã¥ãŒãžã㯠ãžã£ãã³(æ§ã»ããªã°ã©ã )ãåžåããããã€ãã¯ãšã³ã¿ãã€ã³ã¡ã³ãã¯ãšã¯ã·ã³ã°ã«å£²åŽããã
1960幎代åŸåãããã¯ããã³ã察象ãšããããã¯ã¿ãŒé³æ¥œæå®€ããå
šåœå±éããŠããã1990幎ããã¯æŸäžé»åšç£æ¥ã®ãã¯ãããŒã³ã«ãã鳿¥œæå®€ãšäºæ¥çµ±åãã䞡瀟ååŒã®ããã¯ã¿ãŒãã¯ãã¯ã¹é³æ¥œæå®€ããå±éããŠãããã2001幎ã«ããŒã©ã³ãã«äºæ¥è²æž¡ãæ€éãç¹çŽæ¥œåšåºéå¶ã®äžéšæå®€ã¯ããŒã©ã³ããã¥ãŒãžãã¯ã¹ã¯ãŒã«ãšããŠåç¶ããŠããã
ãªããå°éå®¶ã®è²æãç®çãšãã鳿¥œæå®€ããã¯ã¿ãŒé³æ¥œã«ã¬ããžãã¯2014幎ã«éæ ¡ããŠããã
1958幎ã«é»åãªã«ã¬ã³ãçºè¡šã楜åšäºæ¥ã«åå
¥ããã1991幎ãŸã§ã«æ¥œåšäºæ¥ããæ€éããŠããã
äžè±éå·¥ããäºæ¥æåã倧åãšã¢ã³ã³çãOEMäŸçµŠãåããŠãVictorãã©ã³ãã§è²©å£²ããŠããã
ã»ã¬ã®ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã§ããã¡ã¬ãã©ã€ãã®ã¡ã¬CDäžäœåã®äºææ©ãããã³ã»ã¬çºå£²ã®ç©ãšååã®ã»ã¬ãµã¿ãŒã³ã®OEMæ©ã販売ããããŸããã»ã¬ãµã¿ãŒã³ã§ãããªCDãšãã©ãCDãé²èЧå¯èœã«ãªãåšèŸºæ©åšã§ããããã€ã³ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒãã販売ãããåç±³åžå Žã«ãJVCãã©ã³ãã§ã¡ã¬ãã©ã€ããšã¡ã¬CDã®äžäœåæ©ã販売ããŠããã
MSXèŠæ Œããåå
¥ããMSX2èŠæ Œã«ã察å¿ããæ©çš®ãçºå£²ããŠãããMSXèŠæ ŒåãšããŠã1983å¹Žæ«æç¹ã§HC-5ãçºè¡šãããŠãããHC-5ã¯AVæ©åšãšã®æ¥ç¶ãäžå¿ã§ãVHDãVHSæ©åšå¶åŸ¡ãæ³å®ãããŠããã2000幎ããã«ã¯ã¢ãã€ã«PCåžå Žã«åå
¥ããWindows CE察å¿ã®InterLinkCEã·ãªãŒãºãšWindows XP察å¿ã®InterLinkXP/XVã·ãªãŒãºã販売ããŠããã
InterLinkXP/XVã·ãªãŒãºã¯ãã¹ãŠã³ã³ãã¯ãæ§ãç¹åŸŽãšããŠãå
šã¢ãã«ã®ãã€ã³ãã£ã³ã°ããã€ã¹ãã¹ãã£ãã¯ã¿ã€ãã§çµ±äžãããŠããã
ãŸããæ åç·šéãæèããŠããMP-XP3210以å€ã®å
šã¢ãã«ã§i.LINK(IEEE1394)端åãè£
åãããŠãããæ¬äœã¯ASUSããã®OEMã§ããã
äžææã¯ãããŠã¹ãªã©ã®åšèŸºæ©åšããæ¥åçšãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ãHDDãçç£ã販売ããŠããã
1995幎ãã2006幎ãŸã§ãåäŒç€Ÿã®ãã¯ã¿ãŒã¬ãžã£ãŒã·ã¹ãã ããæ¥åçšéä¿¡ã«ã©ãªã±ãå«æç©ºããçºå£²ããŠããã2006幎4æããã¯ã¿ãŒã¬ãžã£ãŒã·ã¹ãã ã®å
šæ ªåŒããšã¯ã·ã³ã°ãžè²æž¡ãæ€éã
70幎代ãã80å¹Žä»£äžæã«ãããŠãå®¶å
·ã»ã€ã³ããªã¢äºæ¥ã«åå
¥ããããœãã£ãã(Sofitt)ããšãããã©ã³ãã§çºå£²ããŠããããªãŒãã£ãª/ããžã¥ã¢ã«æ©åšãšçµã¿åããããããªææ¡ãè¡ãããšã¯äžåãªãã£ãã
1994幎ã®ã¡ã¿ã«ãã¡ã€ã¿ãŒã»MIKUãããã¿ãŒãã³ãŸã§ã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³å¶äœãããŠãããçŸåšã¯å«äŒç€Ÿã®ãã©ã€ã³ã°ããã°ãæ
åœã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%83%93%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC
|
8,076 |
åæ°
|
åæ°(ã¶ããããè±: fraction)ãšã¯ã2ã€ã®æ°ã®éã®å²ãç®ã®åãè¡šãæ°ã®èšæ³ã§ãããäŸãã° a ã b ã§å²ã£ãå a ÷ b ã¯åæ°ãçšã㊠a/b ãšè¡šããã
æ¥åžžçã«ã¯ 9/16 ã®ããã«æ£ã®æŽæ°ã®åæ°ããã䜿ãããããåæ°ã§è¡šãããæ°ã«å¶éã¯ãªããäŸãã° 1/â2 ã Ï/2 ã®ããã«ç¡çæ°(ããäžè¬ã«å®æ°)ãå«ãã ããh/2Ïi ã®ããã«èæ°(ããäžè¬ã«è€çŽ æ°)ãå«ãã§ãããããŸã宿°ã«éãã 1/r ã x/âx + y ã®ããã«å€æ°ãå«ãã§ãããã
éåžžã®ç®è¡ã«ãããŠã2ã€ã®æ°ã®éã®å²ãç®ã¯åæ°ã§è¡šãããã
åæ°ã¯2ã€ã®æ°ãšãã®éã«åŒãããæ¬ç·(ãã£ãããè±: vinculum, fraction bar)ã§è¡šããããåæ°è¡šèšã«ãããŠãè¢«é€æ°ã«ãããæ°ãåå(ã¶ãããè±: numerator)ã逿°ã«ãããæ°ã忝(ã¶ããŒãè±: denominator)ãšåŒã¶ãåæ°ã®è¡šèšæ³ã¯ããã€ãããããäžè¬çã«ã¯äžèšã®ããã«æ¬ç·ã暪ã«åŒããåå n ãæ¬ç·ã®äžã忝 d ãæ¬ç·ã®äžã«æžã:
ãããã¯æäžãªã©ã«ãããŠã以äžã®ããã«æ¬ç·ãæãã«æžãããšããã:
ããã¯éåãã«
ãšãæžãããã
åæ° n/d ã¯æ¥æ¬èªã§ãd å()ã® nããšèªã(äŸ:1/5 ã¯äºåã®äž()ã5/12 ã¯åäºåã®äº())ã
è±èªã§ã¯äžè¬ã« n over d ãšèªãããååãšåæ¯ãæŽæ°ã®å Žåã«ã¯ n-d-th(s) ã®ããã«èªã(äŸ:1/5 㯠one-fifth, 5/12 㯠five-twelfths)ã忝ã¯åºæ°è©ãšåãæ§ã«èªã¿ããŸãååã 1 以å€ã®å Žåã¯è€æ°åœ¢ãšããŠæ±ããäŸå€ãšããŠã忝ã 2 ã®å Žåã«ã¯ half ãçšã(äŸ:1/2 㯠one half ãŸã㯠a half, 3/2 㯠three halves)ã忝ã 4 ã®å Žåã«ã¯ quater ãš fourth ã®ããããçšãåŸã(äŸ:1/4 㯠one quater ãŸã㯠one-fourth)ã
åž¯åæ° k+n/d ã¯æ¥æ¬èªã§ãk ãš d åã® nããŸãã¯ãk è·() d åã® nããšèªãã
ææ²»åæã®æç§æžã§ã¯ãããã§ãã£ããããã®åŸè¥¿æŽé¢šã«(è±èªã§ã¯ãã®éšåã and ãšèªãããã«)ããšããšèªãŸããæç§æžãçŸããã1905幎以éã®æç§æžã§ã¯ã1910幎ãã1937幎ãŸã§ãš1950幎代ã®ãã®ã§ããšããšãããã䜵çšãããŠããã»ãã¯ãããšããšèªãŸããŠããã
ååãšåæ¯ã 1 以å€ã«å
±éã®å æ°ãæããªãåæ°ãæ¢çŽåæ°(ãããã¶ããããè±: irreducible fraction)ãšãã(äŸ:2/3ã5/6)ãèšãæãããšãåæ° n/d ãæ¢çŽ(irreducible)ã§ããããšã¯åå n ãš d ãäºãã«çŽ (æå€§å
¬çŽæ°ã 1)ã§ããããšãæå³ããã
å察ã«ãããåæ°ãæ¢çŽã§ãªãããšãå¯çŽ(ããããè±: reducible)ãŸãã¯çŽåå¯èœãšãã(äŸ:2/4ã4/6 ã¯å¯çŽ)ãå¯çŽãªåæ°ãæ¢çŽåæ°ã«æžãæããæäœãçŽå(ããã¶ããè±: reduction)ãããã¯ç°¡çŽ(ãããã)ãšããã
åæ° N/D ãå¯çŽãªãããã®åå N ãšåæ¯ D 㯠1 ã§ãªãæå€§å
¬çŽæ° g ãæã¡ã
ãšå æ°åè§£ã§ãããåŸã£ãŠã以äžã®ããã«åæ° N/D ãæ¢çŽåæ° n/d ã«æžãæããããã
æŽæ°ã®åæ°ã«éãããåå忝ãå æ°åè§£ã§ãããªãçŽåã§ãããäŸãã°åå忝ãäžå®å
x ã®å€é
åŒã®åæ°(æçåŒ)ã«ã€ããŠã
ã®ããã«çŽåã§ããã
ååã 1 ã§åæ¯ãæ£ã®æŽæ°ã®åæ°ãåäœåæ°(ãããã¶ããããè±: unit fraction)ãšãããäŸãã° 1/3 ã¯åäœåæ°ã ãã5/6 ã¯åäœåæ°ã§ã¯ãªãã
ç°ãªãæéåã®åäœåæ°ã®åããšãžããåŒåæ°ãšåŒã³ãæ°ãåäœåæ°ã®åã«çœ®ãæããããšãåäœåæ°å±éãšåŒã¶ãäŸãã° 5/6 = 1/2 + 1/3 ã®å³èŸºã¯ãšãžããåŒåæ°ã®äžã€ã§ããã
以äžã®åœ¢åŒã®æ°ã®è¡šç€ºãé£åæ°(ããã¶ããããè±: continued fraction)ãšããã
é£åæ°ã¯åæ¯ãæ°ãšåæ°ã®åãšããŠååž°çã«è¡šãããåæ°ã§ãããéåžžãåå bi ããã³èŠçŽ ai ã®ç¯å²ã¯æ£ã®æŽæ°ã«éããããç¹ã«åå bi ããã¹ãŠ 1 ã®é£åæ°ãæ£åé£åæ°ãŸãã¯åçŽé£åæ°ãšåŒã¶ã
é£åæ°ã«å«ãŸããèŠçŽ ai ã®åæ°ã n + 1 åã®é£åæ°ãç¹ã« n éã®é£åæ°ãšåŒã¶ãé£åæ°ã®éæ°ã¯æéã®å Žåãç¡éã®å ŽåãããåŸãã
絶察å€ã 1 ããå°ããåæ°ãçåæ°(ããã¶ããããè±: proper fraction)ãšãããããªãã¡ãååã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ã忝ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ããå°ããªåæ°ãçåæ°ãšåŒã¶(äŸ:1/â2, 2/3, â3/â5)ã 仿¹ãçåæ°ã§ãªãåæ°ã仮忰(ãã¶ããããè±: improper fraction)ãšãã(äŸ:â2/1, 2/2, â5/â3)ãä»®åæ°ã¯ 0 ã§ãªãæŽæ°éšãæã¡ãæŽæ°ãšçåæ°ã®åã«åè§£ã§ãããå
·äœçã«ã¯ n/d ã仮忰ãšããåå n ã忝 d ã®åæ°ãš d ã§å²ã£ãäœã r ã®å n = kd + r ãšããŠè¡šãã°(|r| < |d|)ã
ãšãªã(äŸ:2/2 = 1 + 0/2, 5/3 = 1 + 2/3)ã
æŽæ°ãšçåæ°ã®å
ããè¶³ãç®ã®èšå· + ãçç¥ãã衚èš
ãåž¯åæ°(ããã¶ããããè±: mixed number)ãšããã
代æ°åŠã«ãããäžè¬çãªèŠçŽãšããŠãæãç®ã®èšå·ãçç¥ãããããåž¯åæ°ã¯æãç®ãšæ··åãããæãããããk+n/d ãšæžããéãæãç® k à n/d ãšè¶³ãç® k + n/d ã®ããããšãè§£éã§ããæãç®ãšåž¯åæ°ãåºå¥ã§ããªãããã®ãããå
·äœçãªæ°éãæ±ãå Žé¢ãé€ããŠã¯åž¯åæ°ã¯çšããããªãã
ååãŸãã¯åæ¯ãåæ°ã§è¡šãããåæ°ãç¹åæ°(ã¯ãã¶ããããè±: compound fraction, complex fraction)ãšãããäŸãã°ã
ã
ã¯ããããç¹åæ°ã§ããã
ç¹åæ°ã¯éåžžã®åæ°ã«æžãçŽãããšãã§ããã0ã§ãªãæ° x ã«ã€ã㊠x/x = 1 ã§ãããããäŸãã°
ã®ããã«æžãæããããã
2ã€ã®åæ° a/b, c/d ã以äžã®2ã€ã®äžçåŒãæºããå Žåã
以äžã®äžçåŒãæãç«ã€:
ãŸããããããäžã€ã 0 ã§ãªãéè² ã®æ° p, q ⥠0 ã«ã€ããŠã以äžãæãç«ã€:
äžçåŒã®çå·ãæç«ããã®ã¯2ã€ã®åæ°ãçãã(a/b = c/d)å Žåã«éãããã®å Žåã2ã€ã®çããåæ°ã«ã€ããŠããããã®ååã®åãšåæ¯ã®åãããªãåæ°ããŸãçããããšãèšãã:
ãã®æ§è³ªã¯å æ¯ã®ç()ãšåŒã°ããã
åæ° a/b ã¯å¹ŸäœåŠçã«å¹³é¢äžã®çŽäº€åº§æšç³»ã®åç¹ãéãçŽç·ã®åŸããšèŠãªããååãšåæ¯ã¯ãã®çŽç·äžã®ç¹ (x, y) = (b, a) ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããåæ° a + c/b + d ã¯åç¹ããçãã2ã€ã®ãã¯ãã« Aâ = (b, a), Bâ = (d, c) ã®å (b + d, a + c) ã®åŸããããªãã¡ç·å Aâ, Bâ ã®ãªãå¹³è¡å蟺圢ã®åç¹ãå
±æãã察è§ç·ã®åŸãã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã 1ã€ç®ã®äžçåŒ c/d â a/b ⥠0 ã¯åæ°ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããçŽç·ã®åŸãã®å€§å°é¢ä¿ã衚ãã2ã€ç®ã®äžçåŒ bc â ad ⥠0 ã¯ãã¯ãã«ç© Aâ à Bâ ã®åããæ£ã§ããããšãããªãã¡ Aâ, Bâ ã®ãªãå¹³è¡å蟺圢ã Aâ ããèŠãŠå·ŠåŽ(åæèšåãã®åã)ã«äœå³ãããããšã衚ãã
2ã€ã®äžçåŒãã bd > 0 ãåŸãããã忝 b, d, b + d ã®ç¬Šå·ã¯ããããäžèŽããããã
ããã³
ããã以äžã®äžçåŒãåŸããã:
äžè¬ã®æçæ°ã¯æŽæ° n ãš 0 ã§ãªãæŽæ° d ã®åæ° n/d ã§è¡šãããèšãæãããšãæŽæ°ã®ååãšåæ¯ãæã€åæ°ã§è¡šãããæ°å
šäœãæçæ°ã§ããã
æ£ã®æŽæ° m, n ã«ã€ããŠãåæ° n/m ãèããããšãã§ãããåæ° n/m ã¯å²ãç® n ÷ m ã®åããããã¯åäœåæ° 1/m ã® n åã®æ°ãšæããããšãã§ããããŸããn : m ã®æ¯ãæã€2ã€ã®æ°éã®ãã¡ãm ã«çžåœããæ°éã®å€§ããã 1 ãšããå Žåã仿¹ã® n ã«çžåœããæ°éã®å€§ãã㯠n/m ãšãªãããã®äºå®ãããåæ° n/m ã§è¡šããããæ°ã®ããšãæãã2ã€ã®æ° n, m ã®æ¯ãšè¡šçŸããããšãããã
åæ°ã¯èªç¶æ°ã ãã§ã¯ãªããæŽæ°å
šäœã宿°ãè€çŽ æ°ãªã©ãçšããŠãå®çŸ©ãããã
æœè±¡ä»£æ°åŠã«ãããŠåæ°ã¯ãç°ã«ååãªéå
ã远å ããããšã§æ°ããç°ãäœãåºãç°ã®å±æåãããã¯å
šåç°ãªã©ã®æŠå¿µãšããŠäžè¬ã«æããããšãã§ãã(åæ°ç°ãããã¯åã®ç°ãšãããããªèšãæ¹ããã)ã
å¯æç° R ã®éšåéå S ã¯ãR ã®åäœå
1 ãå«ã¿ãS ã®ä»»æã®2ã€ã®å
s, t ã«ã€ããŠããããã®ç© st ãåã³ S ã®å
ãšãªã(ã€ãŸã乿³ã«ã€ããŠéããŠãã)å ŽåãS 㯠R ã®ç©ééåãšãããå¯æç° R ãšãã®ç©ééå S ã«å¯ŸããR à S ã«ãããäºé
é¢ä¿ ⌠ã
ã§å®ãããšããã㯠R à S ã«ãããåå€é¢ä¿ãäžãããR à S ããã®åå€é¢ä¿ã§å²ã£ããã®ã SR ã§è¡šãã(r, s) ã®å±ããåå€é¡ã r/s ãªã©ã§è¡šãããã®ãšããSR ã«ã¯ãããšã®ç° R ã«ãããæŒç®ãšäž¡ç«ããåãç©ãšãã£ãç°ãšããŠã®æŒç®ãããã§ã«äžã§è¿°ã¹ãèŠåã«åŸã£ãŠäžããããã
å¯æç° R ã«å¯ŸããŠãR ã®é¶å åã§ãªãå
ã®å
šäœã¯ç©ééåã§ãããç©ééå S ããã®ãããªãã®ãšããå Žåãç° SR 㯠R ã®å
šåç°ãšåŒã°ããããŸããç©ééå S ã R ã®çŽ ã€ãã¢ã« P ã®è£éåãšããŠäžããããŠããå Žåã«ã¯ãSR ã®ä»£ããã«ãã°ãã° RP ãšæžã㊠R ã® P ã«ããã屿åãšåŒã¶ããªããR ãæŽåãªãã°ããã®ãããªåå€é¢ä¿ã¯ç°¡çŽã§ããŠ
ã«ãã£ãŠäžããããããã«ãã£ãŠåŸãããå
šåç°ã¯å¯æäœã®æ§é ãæã€ããããåæ°äœãããã¯åäœãšåŒã¶ã
å
šåç°ãåäœãšãã£ãæ§é ã¯ããçš®ã®æ®éæ§ãäžããŠãããããšãã°æŽåã®åäœã¯ããšã®æŽåãå«ãæå°ã®äœãäžããããšãªã©ã確ãããããã
ç©æŒç®ãé坿ã§ããå Žåã逿³ãå·Šå³ã§åºå¥ãããããã«åæ°ãå²ãæ¹åã®å·Šå³ã§åºå¥ãããã
ããã€ãã®èŸå
žã§ã¯ãåæ°ãæçæ°ã®å矩èªãšããŠæ±ã£ãŠãããäŸãã°ã粟éžç æ¥æ¬åœèªå€§èŸå
žãã«ãããŠåæ°ã¯ãæŽæ°aãé¶ã§ãªãæŽæ°bã§å²ã£ãåããæšªç·ãçšããŠa/bãšè¡šããããã®ãaãååãbã忝ãšåŒã¶ãæçæ°ããããŸããå°åŠé€šããžã¿ã«å€§èŸæ³ãã«ãããŠã¯ãäºã€ã®æŽæ°aã»bã®æ¯ãšããŠè¡šãããæ°ãããšèª¬æãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%95%B0
|
8,078 |
çŠå³¶é§
(çŠå³¶ç)
|
çŠå³¶é§
(ãµãããŸãã)ã¯ãçŠå³¶ççŠå³¶åžæ çºã«ãããæ±æ¥æ¬æ
客éé(JRæ±æ¥æ¬)ã»é¿æŠéæ¥è¡ã»çŠå³¶äº€éã®é§
ã§ããã
JRæ±æ¥æ¬ã®æ°å¹¹ç·ã»åšæ¥ç·åç·(åŸè¿°)ãšãé¿æŠéæ¥è¡ã®é¿æŠéæ¥è¡ç·ãçŠå³¶äº€éã®é£¯åç·ãä¹ãå
¥ããŠããããã€ãŠã1971幎(æå46幎)4æ12æ¥ãŸã§ãçŠå³¶äº€é飝忱ç·ããçŸåšã®çŠå³¶é§
æ±å£åã«ä¹ãå
¥ããŠããã
JRæ±æ¥æ¬ã®é§
ã«ä¹ãå
¥ããŠããè·¯ç·ã¯ãç·è·¯åç§°äžã¯æ±åæ°å¹¹ç·ãšãåšæ¥ç·ã«ãããåœé§
ã®æå±ç·ã§ããæ±åæ¬ç·ãåœé§
ãèµ·ç¹ãšãã奥矜æ¬ç·ã®3è·¯ç·ã§ããããŸãåœé§
ã¯æ±åæ°å¹¹ç·ãã奥矜æ¬ç·ã«çŽéããããæ°å¹¹ç·ã§ãã山圢æ°å¹¹ç·ã®åå²é§
ãšãªã£ãŠãããåœé§
ã§ãæ±åæ°å¹¹ç·ã®ãããŸã³ãããšå±±åœ¢æ°å¹¹ç·ã®ãã€ã°ãããå¢è§£çµãè¡ãã奥矜æ¬ç·ã¯æ°å¹¹ç·ãšåãè»éã§ãã1,435 mmã®æšæºè»ã«æ¹è»ãããŠãããè»é1,067 mmã®æ±åæ¬ç·ãšã®çŽéãäžå¯èœãšãªã£ãŠããããã®å¥¥çŸœæ¬ç·ã®æšæºè»åºéã«ã¯åšæ¥ç·ãšããŠã®æç§°ãšããŠã山圢ç·ããèšå®ãããŠããã
åšæ¥ç·ã¯å°äžé§
(æ©äžé§
)ãæ°å¹¹ç·ã¯é«æ¶é§
ã§ãããæ¹æå£ã¯4ãæã«ãããåšæ¥ç·åŽã®é§
æ£é¢(æ¹æ1é)ã«ãããæ±å£ãšãæ°å¹¹ç·åŽ(æ¹æ2é)ã«ããã西å£ãåã³S-PALçŠå³¶åºã®2éããæ±è¥¿é£çµ¡éè·¯ãžåºå
¥ãã§ããããšã¹ãã«æ¹æå£ããåšæ¥ç·1çªç·ããŒã ååŽããçŠå³¶äº€éã»é¿æŠéæ¥è¡æ¹æå£ãžè¡ãããé£çµ¡æ¹æå£ããããããªããæ°å¹¹ç·ã³ã³ã³ãŒã¹ã«ã¯ã2014幎3æ1æ¥ãããåçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒæ
å ±é€šãèšçœ®ãããŠããã
2014幎9æ26æ¥ã«ãJRæ±æ¥æ¬ãå幎10æããåœé§
ã®é§
èæ¹ç¯ãšããšã³ã¹ããã®å°å
¥å·¥äºã«çæããããšãçºè¡šãããé§
èã¯2015幎3æ20æ¥ãããšã³ã¹ããã¯å幎4æ5æ¥ã«ãªãŒãã³ããŠããã
äºå管ã³ãŒãã¯â²231017ã䜿çšããŠããã
çŠå³¶çµ±æ¬ã»ã³ã¿ãŒæåšé§
ãçŽå¶é§
(é§
é·ã»èŒžéå¯é·ã»å¶æ¥å¯é·é
眮)ã§ããã管çé§
ãšããŠæ±åæ¬ç·ã®æç°é§
- è²ç°é§
éã®åé§
ããã³å¥¥çŸœæ¬ç·ã®ç¬¹æšéé§
- åºåé§
éã®åé§
ã管çããŠããã
(åºå
ž:JRæ±æ¥æ¬:é§
æ§å
å³)
â»çŠå³¶é§
(æšæºè»)ééé
ç·ç¥å³(衚瀺巟800pxãç»åå¹
600px)ã衚瀺ããã«ã¯ãå³ã® [衚瀺] ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŠäžããã
JR1çªç·ã®ååŽã«é 端åŒããŒã 1é¢2ç·ãæã¡ãæ±åŽãçŠå³¶äº€é飯åç·ã西åŽãé¿æŠéæ¥è¡ç·ã䜿çšããŠãããæ¹æå£ã¯2瀟ã§å
±åã§äœ¿çšãããŠãã(å
¥éã¯çŠäº€ã®é§
å¡ãéæã»ç²Ÿç®ã¯ããããã®é§
å¡ãè¡ã)ãJRãšã®é£çµ¡æ¹æå£ããããç°¡æSuicaæ¹ææ©ãèšçœ®ãããŠããã
çŠå³¶äº€é飯åç·ã¯çŽæµé»åãé¿æŠéæ¥è¡ç·ã¯äº€æµé»åã§ã1ã€ã®ããŒã ã§ç°ãªãé»åæ¹åŒãèŠãããã®ã¯ãåœããŒã ãå
šåœã§å¯äžã§ããã
é¿æŠéæ¥è¡ç·ã¯åœé§
ããç¢éç®ä¿¡å·å ŽãŸã§æ±åæ¬ç·ã®è€ç·åºéãèµ°ããããJRãšã®çŽéé転ãå¯èœãªæ§é ãšãªã£ãŠããããã€ãŠååšããé¡å±±æ¹é¢ãžã®çŽéåè»ã¯ãJR1çªç·çºçã§ãã£ãã
æ¹æå€ã«ã¯ãçŠå³¶äº€éçªå£ãé¿æŠéæ¥è¡çªå£ãèªååžå£²æ©(çŠäº€2å°ã»é¿æŠéæ¥è¡2å°)ãNORUCA STATION(ãã«ã«ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³)ããã€ã¬ããããæ¹æå
ã«ã¯ãç°¡æSuicaæ¹ææ©(é£çµ¡æ¹æå£)ãèªå販売æ©(飲æã»è»œé£)ãã¬ã·ã£ãã³ãªã©ãããããªããé¿æŠæ¥ã¯ç¡äººé§
ãšæ§»æšé§
ããã®ä¹å®¢åãã«ãäŒç»ä¹è»åž(ããªãŒãã£ã·ãªã©)ã¯å°çæã«æ¹æå£ã«ç³ãåºããšçªå£ã§è³Œå
¥ã§ããããã«ãªã£ãŠããã
ãã€ãŠã¯ãäž»ãªé§
åŒãšããŠäžèšã販売ããŠããã
2022幎床(什å4幎床)ã®1æ¥å¹³åä¹è»äººå¡ã¯13,182人ã§ããããŸããæ°å¹¹ç·ã®1æ¥å¹³åä¹è»äººå¡ã¯5,892人ã§ãããé§
å©çšè
æ°ã¯ãçŠå³¶çå
ã§é¡å±±é§
ã«æ¬¡ã2äœã§ããã
1935幎床ããã³2000幎床以éã®æšç§»ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ããã
2002幎床(å¹³æ14幎床)以éã®æšç§»ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ããã
æ±å£ã¯å®åºãéèæ©é¢ã忥æœèšãå®¿æ³æœèšãªã©ã建ã¡äžŠã¶æããã®ç¹è¯è¡ã§ãããããããé§
åšèŸºã®åæ¥ãã«ãååºè¡ã§ã¯ç©ºãåºèãç®ç«ã¡ãäžå¿åžè¡å°ã®ç©ºæŽåãé¡èã§ãããããæ°å¹Žã¯å°äŸ¡ã®äžèœãªã©ã«ãã£ãŠé«å±€ãã³ã·ã§ã³ã®å»ºèšãçãã§ããã
西å£ã¯æ±åæ°å¹¹ç·ãééããŠããéèšããéçºãè¡ãããå°åºã§ãããæå50幎代åŸåããããŸã§ãææ è£œç³ž(çŸåšã®ã€ããŒãšãŒã«ããŒçŠå³¶åº)ãåäžå·¥æ¥ãªã©ã®å·¥å ŽãçŸåšã®è¥¿å£é§
åã«ç«å°ããŠããã2000幎代以éé«å±€ãã³ã·ã§ã³ãããžãã¹ããã«ãªã©ãããã€ã建èšãããã
æ±å£ãã西å£(西å£ããæ±å£)ãžçŽæ¥ç§»åãããå Žåã¯ãé§
æ§å
ã®å°äžãéããæ±è¥¿èªç±éè·¯ããå©çšãããæ±è¥¿é£çµ¡éè·¯(æ§å
è·šç·æ©)ã¯æ¹æå
ã§ããããå
¥å Žåžãå¿
èŠãšãªãã
ãã®ä»ãå人çµå¶ããã§ãŒã³ã¹ãã¢ã®é£²é£åºãé§
åã«å€æ°ç«å°ããŠããã
è·¯ç·ãã¹ã¯çŠå³¶äº€éãèšèŒãããŠãããã¹ãŠã®è·¯ç·ãšãJRãã¹æ±åãçŠæµªç·(çŠå³¶é§
- å·ä¿£é«æ ¡å)ãéè¡ããŠããã
ãã¥ãŸç·åéåå
¬åå
ã§ã€ãã³ããè¡ãããå Žåã«èšæãã¹ä¹ãå Žã西å£ã«èšããããã
2011幎(å¹³æ23幎)3æ11æ¥ã«çºçããæ±åå°æ¹å€ªå¹³æŽæ²å°é(æ±æ¥æ¬å€§éçœ)ã«ãã£ãŠãçŠå³¶é§
ã¯å€§ããªè¢«å®³ãåãããåè·¯ç·ãå°éçºççŽåŸããé転ãäžæ¢ããã
çèª100幎ãèšå¿µãããå€é¢è£èçèª100幎èšå¿µã¢ãã¥ã¡ã³ãããã2009幎8æ11æ¥(8æ11æ¥ã¯å€é¢ã®èªçæ¥ã§ãã)ãæ±å£é§
ååºå Žã«èšçœ®ãããããã®ã¢ãã¥ã¡ã³ãã¯ãå€é¢ãæçšããŠãããã¢ã³ããªã«ã¬ã³ãæŒå¥ããå§¿ãåçŸãããã®ã§ãåå8æããååŸ8æãŸã§ã®1æéããã«ã¡ããã£ãŒãæµããã忥ã1982幎ã«èšçœ®ããã西å£ã«ããé§
åã¢ãã¥ã¡ã³ããããå€é¢ã¡ããã£ãŒãæµããããã«ãªã£ãã
奥矜æ¬ç·ã®åœé§
- 米沢éã«ã¯ãæå€§åŸé
38â°ã®æ¿è°·å³ ãååšãããããå€ªå¹³æŽæŠäºåŸã®1949幎ã«ã¯çŽæµé»åãããŠãããããããã®åŸãé»ç£¯ä»¥åã¯äº€æµé»åãæ¡çšããããšã«ãªãã1959幎12æã®çœæ²³ - åœé§
é亀æµé»åã«éããŠãåœé§
æ§å
ã§ã®å¥¥çŸœæ¬ç·ãšã®äº€çŽæ¥ç¶ãåé¡ãšãªã£ããé»ç£¯é§
ã«æ¯ããŠåºå€§ãªæ§å
ãšè€éãªé
ç·ãæã€åœé§
ã§ã¯ãè»äžåæ¿ãæ¹åŒããŸã å®çšåãããŠããªãã£ãããšããããé§
æ§å
ãžã®å°äžåæ¿ãèšåã®èšçœ®ã¯æå¿µããããæ§å
ã¯å
šãŠäº€æµé»åãšãã奥矜æ¬ç·äžã®800måºåå¯ãã®çŠå³¶ç¬¬äºæ©é¢åºä»è¿ã«å°äžåŒã®äº€çŽåæèšåã»äžå·åææãèšããããã§æ©é¢è»äº€æãè¡ãããšãšããããªãäžå·åææã®èšçœ®ã«ããã£ãŠã¯ãåŸåã«çŽæµæ©çšæ©é¢åº«ã®ååŽã«æ²¿ã£ãŠæ·èšãããŠããæ¬ç·ãååŽã«ç§»èšã®ããããã®ååŽã«äº€æµæ©çšæ©é¢åº«ãæ°èšããã
1968幎(æå43幎)10æã«å®æœããããã€ã€æ¹æ£(ãšã³ãµã³ããª)ã«ãã£ãŠåœé§
- 米沢éã亀æµé»åã«è»¢æãããã®ã«ãšããªãããã®äº€çŽæ¥ç¶èšåã¯åœ¹ç®ãçµããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B3%B6%E9%A7%85_(%E7%A6%8F%E5%B3%B6%E7%9C%8C)
|
8,080 |
å®å®ç§åŠç ç©¶æ
|
å®å®ç§åŠç ç©¶æ(ãã¡ã
ãããããããã
ããããè±æåç§°:Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, ç¥ç§°:ISAS(ã¢ã€ãµã¹))ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®å®å®ç§åŠã®ç ç©¶ãããã«è¡ãæ©é¢ã§ãå®å®èªç©ºç ç©¶éçºæ©æ§(JAXA)ã®äžéšã§ãããç§åŠç ç©¶ã«ãšã©ãŸãããå®å®éçº(æ¥æ¬ã®å®å®éçºãåç
§)ã«ãåºãé¢äžããŠããã
åèº«ã®æ±äº¬å€§åŠå®å®èªç©ºç ç©¶æ(1964幎èšç«)ã1981å¹Žã«æ¹çµããæ§æéšçã®åœç«æ©é¢ãšããŠçºè¶³ã2003幎10æãå®å®éçºäºæ¥å£(NASDA)ã»èªç©ºå®å®æè¡ç ç©¶æ(èªæç ãNAL)ãšçµ±åããJAXAã®äžæ©é¢ãšãªã£ãåœåã¯ãå®å®ç§åŠç ç©¶æ¬éšããšããããã2010幎4æ1æ¥ã«å
æ¥ã®åç§°ã§ãããå®å®ç§åŠç ç©¶æãã«æ¹åã»æ¹çµãããçµ±ååŸã®ãç ç©¶æ¬éšãæä»£ã«ã¯ãç ç©¶æ©é¢ãæããŠããçžæš¡åãã£ã³ãã¹ãã®åã§åŒã°ããããšããã£ãã
NASDAç³»ãã±ããã®ãçš®åå³¶ãã«å¯ŸããŠããå
乿µŠãããšé¹¿å
å³¶çèä»çºã®å
乿µŠå®å®ç©ºé芳枬æããã®ãã±ããæã¡äžãã§ãç¥ãããã
ããã§ã¯ã1955幎ã®èªç©ºæè¡ç ç©¶æ(ã®ã¡ã®èªç©ºå®å®æè¡ç ç©¶æ)ã®èšçœ®ã®ãããŸã§ãåå²ãšããã
å匷ã«é
ããªãããããã±ãããå«ããžã§ããæšé²ã®ç ç©¶ã¯æ¥æ¬ã§ãè¡ãããæ°çš®ã®ãåŽé²ç ²ããå®çšåããã詊éšé£è¡ã§ã¯ãã£ãããç§æ°ŽããšããäŸããã£ããããããå®å®ç©ºéãç®æãããã±ããéçºã¯ãæ¥æ¬å®å®éçºã®ç¶ã糞å·è±å€«ããå§ãŸãã
糞å·ã¯äžå³¶é£è¡æ©ã§è»œããããã¯éæŠéæ©ã®èšèšã«é¢äžãããããã®åŸãå¶çŽãé¿ããŠ1941å¹Žã«æ±äº¬åžåœå€§åŠç¬¬äºå·¥åŠéš(çŸã»æ±äº¬å€§åŠçç£æè¡ç ç©¶æ)ã«ç§»ç±ããããããŠæŠåŸã¯ãã°ããåçš®ã®ç ç©¶(æ¯åçŸè±¡ããäžã«ã¯è³æ³¢ãªã©ãšãã£ããã®ããã)ãè¡ã£ãŠãããå®å®ã»èªç©ºã«ç®ãã€ããã®ã¯ã1950幎代ååã®æž¡ç±³ã®ãããšãããã1954å¹Žã«æ±äº¬å€§åŠçç£æè¡ç ç©¶æå
ã«AVSA(Avionics and Supersonic Aerodynamics:ã¢ããªãã¯ã¹ããã³è¶
é³é空æ°ååŠ)ç ç©¶çãçµç¹ãããç¿1955幎ã«ããããã¹ããŒã¹ãã¬ãŒã³ã®ãããªæ§æ³ã瀺ããããã±ããæ
客æ©ãã20åã§å€ªå¹³æŽæšªæããšãã£ãèŠåºãã®æ°èèšäºãšãªã£ããããã®åçã®ã詊äœãã±ãããã®å®çŸå¯èœæ§ãªã©ã¯ããåããããçã®æå³ã¯æŽã¿ãããç¹ãå€ããå幎ã«ã¯ãAVSAç ç©¶çãSRç ç©¶çã«æ¹åããã»ããå¯å£«ç²Ÿå¯å·¥æ¥(ã®ã¡ã®ããªã³ã¹èªåè»å·¥æ¥ãæ¥ç£èªåè»å®å®èªç©ºäºæ¥éš)ãã®å°œåã«ãããçç£æè¡ç ç©¶æãåãåããåœå寺ã®å®éšå Ž(è¿å¹Žãæ£ç¢ºãªäœçœ®ã確ãããããã®èª¿æ»ãé²ãã§ãã)ã«ãããŠããã³ã·ã«ãã±ããã®æ°Žå¹³çºå°è©Šéšãè¡ãåçš®ã®ããŒã¿ãæ¡åããããããããããããå®å®ç ãã±ãããã®ç¥ã§ããã
ãã®ãããæ¥æ¬ã®èªç©ºéçºãã1952幎(æå27幎)ã®ç¬ç«ãçµãŠã1957幎ã®å®å
šè§£çŠãèŠè¶ããŠåŸã®YS-11ã®æ§æ³ãç«ã¡äžããå§ããŠãããç§åŠæè¡åºã¯ã補é ãè¡ããæ¥æ¬èªç©ºæ©è£œé ããšäžŠåããŠãæè¡ç ç©¶ãè¡ããèªç©ºæè¡ç ç©¶æ(NAL)ãã1955幎ã«çºè¶³ãããã
NALã®çºè¶³ã«ãããèªç©ºé¢ä¿ã®æè¡ç ç©¶(ã®ãã¡ãç¹ã«æ
客æ©ãªã©ã®å®éçºã«é¢äžããéšå)ããã¡ãã§è¡ãããããšã«ãªãããšãããæéšçã»æ±å€§çç£æè¡ç ç©¶æã§è¡ãç ç©¶ã¯ããã§ã«å®çžŸã®ãã£ãåºäœçæãã±ãã(芳枬ãã±ããåãã§ããã£ã)ãããããããç§åŠè¡æããæåãããšããæ¹åä»ãããªãããã
æ±å€§çç£æè¡ç ç©¶æã¯ããã®åŸå€æ°ã®çºå±åãã±ãããéçºã1960幎ã«ã¯æ¬æ Œçãªè¡ææã¡äžãã®èœåãæã€ãã¥ãŒãã±ããã®æ§æ³ãæã€ãŸã§ã«ãªã£ãã
1964å¹Žã«æ±å€§çç£æè¡ç ç©¶æã®äžéšãšæ±å€§èªç©ºç ç©¶æãå䜵ããé§å Žã«ç§»è»¢ããŠæ±äº¬å€§åŠå®å®èªç©ºç ç©¶æãçºè¶³ããããŸãå幎ã«ã¯ç§åŠæè¡åºå
ã«ãçŸJAXAã®å身ã®3çµç¹ç®ãã®ã¡ã®å®å®éçºäºæ¥å£(NASDA)ã®å身ãšãªãå®å®éçºæšé²æ¬éšãèšç«ããããããã«ããæ¥æ¬ã®å®å®éçºã¯ãåºäœçæã䜿çšããŠç§åŠè¡æãæã¡äžããæ±å€§ã»ISAS(æéšç)ã®ç³»åãšãæ¶²äœçæã䜿çšããŠå®çšè¡æã®æã¡äžããç®æãNASDA(ç§åŠæè¡åº)ã®ç³»åã®2ã€ã䞊è¡ããŠé²ãã§ããããšã«ãªãã
1969幎ã«å®å®éçºäºæ¥å£(NASDA)ãçºè¶³ããéã«ãæ±äº¬å€§åŠããã³æ¥ç£èªåè»ã«ãããåºäœçæãã±ããã®éçºã¯äžæ¢ã«è¿œã蟌ãŸãããã«ãªã£ããåå ã¯ãåºäœçæãã±ããã«ã¯å
µåšãžã®è»¢çšã®ããããããã«ããããããã茞åºå
ã確èªããŠããªãã£ãããšã«ãã(ã«ãããã±ããåç
§)ãããããå®çšè¡æã§ã¯ãªãç§åŠç ç©¶ã®ããã ãã®è¡æã®ã¿ãæã¡äžããããšãæ¡ä»¶ã«ç ç©¶ã®ç¶è¡ãèš±å¯ãããã
ãŸãã1969幎ã¯åŠçéåãé«ãŸããèŠãã幎ã§ããããç ç©¶æã«åºå
¥ãããåŠçãè·å¡ããå°ãªãããé¢äžããããšãšãªã£ãã å幎10æ21æ¥ã«è¡ãããåœéåæŠããŒã®ãã¢ã§ã¯è¡é ã§å€æ°ã®ç«çç¶ã䜿çšãããããåŸã«ããããæŠåšã®äžéšãç ç©¶æã®è¬åãéšåãçšããŠãæå
ã§è£œé ãããŠããããšãæããã«ãªããå幎11æ8æ¥ã«ã¯èŠèŠåºãç ç©¶æã®å®¶å®
æçŽ¢ã宿œãè·å¡5人ã鮿ã起蚎ãããŠããã
1970å¹Žãæ±äº¬å€§åŠå®å®èªç©ºç ç©¶æã¯é¹¿å
å³¶çå
乿µŠã®å°å Žããäººå·¥è¡æããããã¿ãã®å°çåšåè»éãžã®æå
¥ã«åããŠæåãããããã«ããæ¥æ¬ã¯äžçã§4çªç®ã®èªåœãã±ããã«ããäººå·¥è¡ææã¡äžãåœã«ãªã£ãããŸãããã¯ãäžçåã®å€§åŠã«ããäººå·¥è¡æã®æã¡äžãæåã§ãã£ãã
æ±äº¬å€§åŠå®å®èªç©ºç ç©¶æã¯1981幎ãçµç¹ãæ±äº¬å€§åŠããé¢ãæéšçå®å®ç§åŠç ç©¶æ(ISAS)ã«æ¹çµããããã®éã«äžéšã¯æ±äº¬å€§åŠã«ç§»ç®¡ãããå·¥åŠéšéå±å¢çé åç ç©¶æœèš(çŸã»æ±äº¬å€§åŠå
端ç§åŠæè¡ç ç©¶ã»ã³ã¿ãŒ)ãšãªã£ãã1989幎4æã«ã¯ããã£ã³ãã¹ãé§å Žããçžæš¡åã«ç§»è»¢ããããã®éãæ±å€§æä»£ã«åŒãç¶ããXç·å€©æè¡æã»ãã¬ãŒåœææ¢æ»æ©ã»å€ªéœé¢šã»å°çç£æ°åèŠ³æž¬è¡æãªã©ãå®å®ç§åŠã®åéã§å€ãã®ææãäžããã2001幎ã®äžå€®çåºåç·šã«ããæéšç§åŠçãçºè¶³ããæéšç§åŠçå®å®ç§åŠç ç©¶æã«ãªã£ãã
2003幎ã«åœç ç©¶æãšãå®å®éçºäºæ¥å£(NASDA)ãèªç©ºå®å®æè¡ç ç©¶æ(NAL)ãçµ±åããå®å®èªç©ºç ç©¶éçºæ©æ§(JAXA)ãçºè¶³ããããã«äŒŽãæ¹çµãšãšãã«å®å®ç§åŠç ç©¶æ¬éšãšããåç§°ãšãªã£ããããã2010幎ã«ã¯ãåæ©æ§ã®äžéšãšããäœçœ®ãªã©ã«å€æŽã¯ãªãããå®å®ç§åŠç ç©¶æãšããåç§°ã«åŸ©åž°ããããªã1981幎以æ¥ã®ãISASããšããç¥ç§°ã¯äžè²«ããŠäœ¿ãããŠããŠããã
倧åŠã®å
±åå©çšæ©é¢ã§ããããæ±äº¬å€§åŠå€§åŠé¢çåŠç³»ç ç©¶ç§ã»å·¥åŠç³»ç ç©¶ç§ãç·åç 究倧åŠé¢å€§åŠ(ç©çç§åŠç ç©¶ç§å®å®ç§åŠå°æ»)ä»ã®å€§åŠé¢æè²ãšããŠã®ç ç©¶æè²æŽ»åãå±éããŠããã
ä»åŸäºå®ããŠããããã·ã§ã³ãšããŠãéææ¢æ»ããã·ã§ã³ãæ°Žææ¢æ»ããã·ã§ã³ãæ¬¡æææ¢æ»ããã·ã§ã³ã次æå°æææ¢æ»ããã·ã§ã³ãªã©ããããå
±åããã·ã§ã³ãšããŠã¯ãåœç«å€©æå°ãªã©ãšå
±åã§å®æœããŠããã¹ããŒã¹VLBIèšç»ãããããã®ä»ãå
±åç ç©¶ããã·ã§ã³ãšããŠã¯å®å®æé é¡èšç»ã®å®çŸã«åããæè¡éçºãæ·±æææ¢æ»ããã·ã§ã³ãªã©ãåœéå
±åç ç©¶ããã·ã§ã³ãšããŠææ¡ã宿œããã
ãããããå°åã®è¡æã«æèŒããããã®ç ç©¶ãèšèšãéçºæ¥åãè¡ãã
å®å®æè²ã»ã³ã¿ãŒãèšçœ®ãããå®å®ç§åŠç ç©¶æãã¯ãããšããŠãå®å®åºå¹¹ã·ã¹ãã æ¬éšãå®å®å©çšæšé²æ¬éšãšã®é£æºã«ãã£ãŠãå°åŠæ ¡ã»äžåŠæ ¡ã»é«çåŠæ ¡ã®çåŸã察象ã«å®å®æè²äºæ¥ãå±éããã®ææã«ã€ããŠã¯ãå®å®ã®ããŒã¿ã«ãµã€ããªã©ã«ãŠå
¬éãããŠããã
å®å®ç§åŠç ç©¶æã«ã¯æã»æææ¢æ»ããã°ã©ã ã°ã«ãŒããèšçœ®ãããŠãããæææ¢æ»èšç»å®æœã®å®è¡æ¬éšã眮ãããã
ç¥å¥å·ççžæš¡ååžäžå€®åºç±éå°3-1-1
çžæš¡åãã£ã³ãã¹ã§ã¯å¹Žã«1åç¹å¥å
¬éãè¡ãããè·å¡äžåã§ããŸããŸãªã€ãã³ããç 究掻å玹ä»ã宿œããŠããã
æ±å€§ãšå®å®ç§åŠç ç©¶æã補äœãããã±ããã®è©³çްãKãLãM ã¯ããããã«ãããã©ã ãããã¥ãŒãšã®ãªã·ã¢èªèªã¿ãã(ã®ãªã·ã¢æåã§ã¯ãããã ÎãÎãÎ)ã
æ¢æã®çžè¬ã䜿çšããæåã®ãã±ããããã±ããã®åºç€çãªç¥èãåŸãããã«äœã£ãã
ãã³ã·ã«ãã±ããã®çžè¬ãæã«ããŠäœ¿ã£ã2段åŒãã±ãããå
šé·1.8ã¡ãŒãã«ãçŽåŸ8ã»ã³ãã
åœéå°ç芳枬幎åå ã®ããã«è£œäœãã芳枬çšãã±ãããç®çéæåŸãæ¹è¯ãç¶ããæ¬¡ã
ãšé«åºŠèšé²ãæŽæ°ãããç§åŠå®éšã®åèè³æãšããŠã€ã³ããã·ã¢ãšãŠãŒãŽã¹ã©ãã¢ã«èŒžåºããããå°ååºäœçæãã±ããã¯ããµã€ã«ã«è»¢çšå¯èœãªãããç±³åœã«åãããããã®ã¡ã«è·å¡ãç¶æ³èª¿æ»ã®ããã«èŒžåºåœãžè¡ããšã賌å
¥æã¯èåºã ã£ã人éãè»æãçãŠãããšãããå®å®éçºäºæ¥å£ãH-IIèªçãŸã§ç±³åœã«ãããã±ããæè¡ç®¡çãåããçç±ã®äžå ãšãªã£ãã
1961幎ã«å§ãŸã£ãèšç»ãã«ãããã±ããããã倧ååãããã®ã第2段ç®ã«çŽåŸ420ããªã®ã«ãããã±ãã第1段ç®ããã®ãŸãŸæµçšã§ããããã«ã第1段ã®çŽåŸ735ããªã¯æ±ºå®ããããåæåãL-2ãL-3ãL-3Hã¯ãå
åŽãã³ã»ã¢ã¬ã³åž¯ã«å°éãã芳枬ãã±ãããšããŠéçºããããåŸæåãL-4SãL-4TãL-4SCã¯ãã¥ãŒãã±ããã®å·¥åŠå®éšæ©ãšããŠéçºãããL-4Så5å·æ©ã§åã®äººå·¥è¡ææã¡äžãã«æåããã
1963幎ããèšç»ãå§ãŸã£ããå®å®éçºãæ¬æ Œçã«æšãé²ããããã®ãã±ãããåãããŠè¡æè¿œè·¡ã»ã³ã¿ãŒãšå€§åãã±ããçšçºå°å Žã®æŽåãã©ã³ãã£ãŒã®å»ºèšãè¡ã£ãã
M-4Sã®äºåè©Šéšæ©ãæ©äœæ§æã¯äžéšããããŒã§ããããšãé€ããŠM-4Sãšã»ãŒåãã§ããã
æ¬æ Œçãªè¡ææã¡äžããã±ãããL-4Sã倧ååãããæã¡äžãã©ã³ãã£ãŒãšã®é¢ä¿äžã第2段ç®ã«å°Ÿç¿Œãè£
çã§ããªãã£ãããã®ããL-4Sããé£è¡å®å®æ§ã¯äœäžããŠããããè»éèšèšã®æé©åã«ãããè¡æè»éæå
¥ç¢ºçã¯ç¢ºä¿ã§ããŠããã
3段åŒãšãªãã2段ç®ã«å§¿å¢å¶åŸ¡è£
眮ãä»ããã
Cåã®1段ç®ã®ã¢ãŒã¿ã±ãŒã¹ãå»¶é·ããæã¡äžãèœåã倧å¹
ã«åŒ·åããã
Måã®1段ç®ã«å§¿å¢å¶åŸ¡è£
眮ãåãä»ããã
Såã®1段ç®ãå©çšãããããã®ã»ãã¯å
šãã®æ°é ãæã¡äžãèœåã¯äžæã«2å以äžãšãªã£ãã
NASDAãšå
±åéçºã1段ç®ã«H-IIã®SRBã2段ç®ã«M-3SIIã®M-23ã䜿çšããŠããã詊éš1å·æ©ã®ã¿ã§èšç»åçµã
çŽåŸã®1.41ã¡ãŒãã«æ ãå€ã倪ããªã£ããæã¡äžãèœåã2å以äžã«ãM-V-5以éã¯2段ç®ãCFRPåãããããã«æã¡äžãèœåã50ããã¢ãããç ç©¶ææåŸã®ãã±ãããåºäœçæãã±ãããšããŠã¯äžçæå€§çŽã
ãã³ã·ã«ãããã¥ãŒã«è³ãæ¬æµä»¥å€ã«ããå€ãã®å°åã®æè¡è©Šéšãã±ããã芳枬ãã±ãããååšããã
å®å®ç§åŠç ç©¶æãšãã®å身çµç¹ã§éçºã»æã¡äžããè¡ã£ãç§åŠè¡æããã·ã§ã³ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ããã
æŠåããè¡ãããŠããæ°çã«ããç§åŠèŠ³æž¬ããããã¯ãŒã³ã«çšããæ°çã®éçºãåŒãç¶ãã§ã1966幎ã«å®å®èªç©ºç ç©¶æå
ã«æ°çéšéãçºè¶³ããã以åŸé£è¡æ©ã«ãã芳枬ãšäººå·¥è¡æã«ãã芳枬ã®éãåããå¯äžã®é£ç¿äœãšããŠé·æç§åŠèŠ³æž¬ãå·¥åŠå®éšã«çšããããåèš500æ©ä»¥äžãé£ç¿ããŠããã
åæã¯äžè¬çã«ããçšããããæ°çäžéšãç³ãããšã§å°é¢ã«çœ®ãæŸçãè¡ããã¹ã¿ãã£ãã¯æŸçæ¹åŒãããæ°çæ¬äœãããŒã©ãŒè»ã«ããã©ã³ãã£ãŒäžã«ç«ãŠäžããŠæŸçãè¡ããç«ãŠäžãæŸçæ¹åŒããäž»æµã§ãã£ãããã®åŸãå€§åæŸçè£
眮ãçšããŠãç«ãŠäžãæŸçæ¹åŒãã®é·æã䌞ã°ãçæãå
æããç¬èªã®æŸçæ¹åŒã§ãããã»ããã€ãããã¯æŸçæ¹åŒããçšããããã2008幎ã«ã¯æŸçå Žã倧暹èªç©ºå®å®å®éšå Žã«ç§»è»¢ããããšã§ããã»ããã€ãããã¯æŸçæ¹åŒããããã«çºå±ãããŠæ°åã«ãã圱é¿ãæãããã¹ã©ã€ããŒæŸçæ¹åŒããçšããããããã«ãªã£ãŠããã
ååŒã®æ·»å㯠xx à 10 m ã®å®¹ç©ããã€ããšãæå³ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80
|
8,082 |
ã¯ãã¶ã (æ¢æ»æ©)
|
ã¯ãã¶ã(第20å·ç§åŠè¡æMUSES-C)ã¯ã2003幎5æ9æ¥13æ29å25ç§(æ¥æ¬æšæºæã以äžåæ§)ã«å®å®ç§åŠç ç©¶æ(ISAS)ãæã¡äžããå°æææ¢æ»æ©ã§ãã²ãŠããã¯ããã«ç¶ãMUSESã·ãªãŒãº3çªç®ã®å·¥åŠå®éšæ©ã§ãããéçºã»è£œé ã¯NECæ±èã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã¹ãã ãæ
åœããã
ã€ãªã³ãšã³ãžã³ã®å®èšŒè©Šéšãè¡ããªãã2005幎å€ã«ã¢ãã矀ã®å°ææ (25143) ã€ãã«ã¯ã«å°éãããã®è¡šé¢ã詳ãã芳枬ããŠãµã³ãã«æ¡éã詊ã¿ãåŸã2010幎6æ13æ¥22æ51åã60åkmã®æ
ãçµãå°çã«åž°éãã倧æ°åã«åçªå
¥ãããå°çéååå€ã«ãã倩äœã®åºäœè¡šé¢ã«çéžããŠã®ãµã³ãã«ãªã¿ãŒã³ã«ãäžçã§åããŠæåããã
ã¯ãã¶ãã¯2003幎5æã«å
乿µŠå®å®ç©ºé芳枬æããM-Vãã±ãã5å·æ©ã§æã¡äžãããã倪éœåšåè»é(ä»ã®ææãšåæ§ã«å€ªéœãå
¬è»¢ããè»é)ã«æå
¥ãããããã®åŸãæèŒãã黿°æšé²(ã€ãªã³ãšã³ãžã³)ã§å éãã2004幎5æã«ã€ãªã³ãšã³ãžã³ã䜵çšããå°çã¹ã€ã³ã°ãã€ãè¡ã£ãŠã2005幎9æã«ã¯å°ææãã€ãã«ã¯ããšã©ã³ãããŒãããçŽ5ãæã®å°ææä»è¿æ»åšäžãã«ã¡ã©ãã¬ãŒããŒãªã©ã«ããç§åŠèŠ³æž¬ãè¡ã£ããæ¬¡ã«æ¢æ»æ©æ¬äœãèªåŸå¶åŸ¡ã«ããéäžã»æ¥å°ããŠãå°ææè¡šé¢ã®è©Šéšçãæ¡éããããšã«ãªã£ãŠããããã®åŸãå°çãžã®åž°éè»éã«ä¹ãã2007幎å€ã«è©Šæã«ãã»ã«ã®å€§æ°ååçªå
¥æäœãè¡ã£ãŠãã©ã·ã¥ãŒãã§éäžãããèšç»ã§ãã£ãããéäžã»æ¥å°æã®åé¡ã«èµ·å ããäžå
·åãã2005幎12æã«é倧ãªãã©ãã«ãçããããšã«ãããåž°éã¯2010幎ã«å»¶æãããã 2010幎6æ13æ¥ããµã³ãã«å®¹åšãåããããŠããã«ãã»ã«ã¯ãã¯ãã¶ãããåãé¢ãããŠããã©ã·ã¥ãŒãã«ãã£ãŠåãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ã®ãŠãŒã¡ã©ç æŒ ã«çéžããç¿14æ¥16æ8åã«ååããããã¯ãã¶ãã®æ¬äœã¯å€§æ°äžã§çããŠå€±ãããã ã«ãã»ã«ã¯18æ¥ã«æ¥æ¬ã«å°çããå
容ç©ã®èª¿æ»ãé²ãããã11æ16æ¥ã«ã«ãã»ã«å
ããååããã岩ç³è³ªåŸ®ç²åã®å€§åãã€ãã«ã¯ã®ãã®ãšå€æãããšçºè¡šãããã
å°ææããã®ãµã³ãã«ãªã¿ãŒã³èšç»ã¯åœéçã«ãäŸãç¡ãã£ãããã®èšç»ã¯äž»ã«å·¥åŠè©Šéšã®ããã®ããã·ã§ã³ã§ãããåæ®µéããšã«æ¬¡ã®ãããªå®éšã®ææãèªãããããã®ã§ããã
ã¯ãã¶ãã®å°çåž°éãšã«ãã»ã«ã®å€§æ°ååçªå
¥ãã«ãã»ã«ã®äžè¬å
¬éããã®åŸã®æ¡åç©ã®è§£æãªã©ã¯æ¥æ¬ãäžå¿ã«ç€ŸäŒçãªé¢å¿ãéãããã¯ãã¶ããããã·ã§ã³ãçµããŠãããããŒã ã¯ãã°ããç¶ããã
ã€ãã«ã¯æ¢æ»ã®çµäºåŸãJAXAã§ã¯ãã¯ãã¶ã2ããããã·ã§ã³ãšããŠç«æ¡ããŠãããã2011幎5æ12æ¥ãJAXAã¯ãã¯ãã¶ã2ãã2014å¹Žã«æã¡äžããäºå®ã§ãããšçºè¡šããã
2013幎1æ30æ¥ã«ãJAXAããããŸã§ã«èç©ããèšå€§ãªããŒã¿ãåºãäžè¬ã«å
¬éããããã®å®éšã®1ã€ãšããŠãã¯ãã¶ãã®APIãæ§ç¯ãããããã®APIã¯å€æ©çŸè¡å€§åŠãšæ±äº¬å·¥ç§å€§åŠã«å
¬éãããå倧åŠã®åŠçãã¯ãã¶ãã®APIã䜿çšããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³éçºãè¡ãã
ISASã§ã¯æ¢æ»æ©ã®ååã¯ãé¢ä¿è
å士ã®åè°ã«ãã£ãŠåœåãããŠãããMUSES-Cã®å Žåããã¯ãã¶ããã®ä»ã«ããATOMã(Asteroid Take-Out Missionãã¢ãã )ãšããæååè£ãååšããã ãã®åã¯çå·æ³°å®£ãäžå¿ã«çµç¹ç¥šãæããããŠããæ¡ã§ãã£ããäžæ¹ãã¯ãã¶ããã¯äžæéŠæ²ãšå·å£æ·³äžéã«ãã£ãŠææ¡ãããå°ææã®ãµã³ãã«æ¡åã1ç§ã»ã©ã®çå°ãšé¢éžã®éã«è¡ãããæ§åããã€ããµãç²ç©ãç©ãæ§åã«èŠç«ãŠãæ¡ã§ãã£ããä»ã«ããã¯ãã¶ããã®åã«ã¯ããã€ãŠæ±äº¬ãã西鹿å
å³¶ãèµ°ã£ããç¹æ¥ã¯ãã¶ãããã鹿å
å³¶çã®å°åã§ããããéŒäººãã®é¢ããã£ããåè°ã®éã«çå·ã¯ãæè¿ã®ç§åŠè¡æã¯ãã¯ããããšãããšãªããæãã®ååãã3æåã®ååãå€ãã®ã§ãæ¿ç¹ãå
¥ã£ãå壮ãªãã¯ãã¶ããããããããšèªãããŸããATOMãã¯èªæã®ååããååç匟ã飿³ããããšããŠåŽäžãããçµå±ãã¯ãã¶ãããæ¡çšãããã å°ææã®ååããã€ãã«ã¯ãã§ããããšãããæŠéæ©ãšå®å®æ©ã®äž¡æ¹åéã§èåãªç³žå·è±å€«æ°ã«çžã®æ·±ããæŠéæ©ãéŒãã«ã¡ãªãã§åœåãããããšèšãããããšããã£ãããæ¬æ¢æ»æ©ã®æäžãæ¥ã«åããŠãã¯ãã¶ãããšããæ£åŒåç§°ãçºè¡šããããããã3ãæåŸã«ãã®ç®æšã§ããå°ææ1998 SF36ããã€ãã«ã¯ããšåœåãããã®ã§ã誀解ã§ãããšå·å£ã¯èª¬æããŠããã
åŸç¶ã®ã¯ãã¶ã2ãšå¯Ÿæ¯ããŠãå代ã¯ãã¶ããã(ã¯ãã¶ã)åå·æ©ããšãã£ãã¬ãããã ã§åŒã°ããããšãããã
åŸã«ãã¯ãã¶ããã«è³ãå°ææãµã³ãã«ãªã¿ãŒã³èšç»ã®æ€èšã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã§åããŠææé空éã«å°éããããšã«ãªã£ãããããããã®æã¡äžããæåè£ã«è¡ãããããããããã®æã¡äžããæ§ãã1985幎6æãISASææ(åœæ)é¶Žç°æµ©äžéãäž»å¬ãããå°ææãµã³ãã«ãªã¿ãŒã³å°ç ç©¶äŒããšããŠå§ãŸã£ãããã®ææãšããŠç¿1986幎ã«ã¯1990å¹Žä»£ãæ³å®ããååŠæšé²ãçšããŠã¢ã¢ãŒã«çŸ€ã«åé¡ãããå°ææã§ãããã¢ã³ããã¹ãã察象ãšãããµã³ãã«ãªã¿ãŒã³æ§æ³ãçºãŸããããããèŠæ±ãæºããèœåãæã€ãã±ãããååšããªããªã©ãææå°æ©ã§ãããšããŠãããžã§ã¯ãã®ææ¡ã¯ãªãããªãã£ãã
M-Vãã±ããéçºãåããŠæ€èšã¯åéããã1989幎ç§ãã1990幎æ¥ã«ãããŠè¡ãããå®å®çåŠå§å¡äŒã«ãããŠãM-V 2å·æ©ã®ãããžã§ã¯ããšããŠææ¡ããããã ããLUNAR-Aèšç»ã«æãæ¡çšãããªãã£ãããã®åŸã¯ã©ã³ãããŒãšãããªã³ã°ã«ããè¶
æ¥è¿èŠ³æž¬ãç®çãšããå·¥åŠè¡æèšç»ã«æ¹åæ§ãæ¹ããŠåæ€èšãé²ããããããšã«ãªã£ãã1991幎1ææç¹ã«ãããŠãMUSES-Cèšç»ã¯å
åŠèŠ³æž¬ã«ããèªåŸèªè¡ãäžè»žå§¿å¢å¶åŸ¡ãã¿ãŒã²ããããŒã«ãŒãçšããèªåŸéçšãXç·åæè£
眮ãšè³ªéåæåšã®æèŒãªã©ãæ€èšãããŠããã1997幎5æã«äºæ®µåŒããã¯ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒãè£
åããM-Vã§æã¡äžãããã1998幎6æã«ã¢ã³ããã¹ã«å°éãããšããèšç»ã§ãã£ãããã®åŸãæ€èšã¯é²ãããã1995幎ã«å°ææãµã³ãã«ãªã¿ãŒã³æè¡å®é𿢿»æ©ãšããŠå®å®å·¥åŠå§å¡äŒã§éžå®ã1995幎8æã«å®å®éçºå§å¡äŒãæ¿èªããæ£åŒã«ãããžã§ã¯ããéå§ãããã
å°ææãµã³ãã«ãªã¿ãŒã³èšç»ãšäžŠè¡ããŠãåœæãµã³ãã«ãªã¿ãŒã³èšç»ã®æ€èšãè¡ãããŠããã1987幎ã®ãã¯ã€ã«ãããISYäŒè°ã®åžäžã§ãäœäŸ¡æ Œãªåœæãµã³ãã«ãªã¿ãŒã³èšç»ãSOCCERãã®æ€èšããžã§ããæšé²ç ç©¶æ (JPL) ãšISASãšã®ååã§éå§ããããšã決å®ããããM-Vã«ããæã¡äžãããããªããŒMarkIIèšç»ã®ãCRAFããšã®é£æºãèŠéã«å
¥ãããã«ã¿ãã±ããã®äœ¿çšãæ€èšããã1992幎ã®ãã£ã¹ã«ããªãŒèšç»ã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ããã«ãããŠææ¡ãããããæ¡çšãããªãã£ãããã®åŸã1994幎ã«ISASã¯MUSES-Cèšç»ã«æ³šåããããšã決å®ãSOCCERèšç»ããå€ããããã®åŸãJPLã«ãã£ãŠæ€èšãç¶ãããããã®èšç»ã¯ããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¹ãããšããŠãã£ã¹ã«ããªãŒèšç»ã«æ¡çšãããã
1994å¹Žã«æ¬æ Œåããèšç»åœåãç®çå°ã®å°ææã¯ (4660) ãã¬ãŠã¹ã§ãã£ãããããM-Vãã±ããã§æã¡äžãå¯èœãªæ¢æ»æ©ã®èœåããèŠãŠããã¬ãŠã¹ãžåããããšãé£ãããšå€æããã第2åè£ã§ãã (10302) 1989 ML ãšããå°ææã«å€æŽããããããã2000幎2æ10æ¥ã®M-Vãã±ãã4å·æ©ã®æã¡äžãã倱æã2002幎åé ã«äºå®ãããŠããæã¡äžãèšç»ãå»¶æãšãªã£ãŠã1989 ML ãžåããããšãåºæ¥ãªããªã£ãããã®çµæã(25143) 1998 SF36ã3ã€ç®ã®åè£ãšããŠæµ®äžãç®çå°ãšããŠæ±ºå®ããããšã«ãªã£ãã
ã¯ãã¶ãåœå3ãæåŸã®2003幎8æãç®çå°ã®å°ææ1998 SF36ã¯ã(æ¢æ»å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªã£ãããšãã)æ¥æ¬ã®å®å®éçºã®ç¶ã糞å·è±å€«ã«ã¡ãªãã§ããã€ãã«ã¯ããšåœåãããã糞å·ã¯äžå³¶é£è¡æ©åºèº«ã§ãããèšèšã«åå ããé£è¡æ©ãšããŠã¯ãæŠéæ©éŒ()ããèåã§ããããå
è¿°ã®ãšãããããå°ææã®ååã®ç±æ¥ãšãªã£ãããã§ã¯ãªãã
æ¬ãšã³ãžã³ã¯çæãšããŠãã»ãã³ãçšããŠãããã€ãªã³çæããéé»å éããäžåããšãã3段éãçµãŠããã»ãã³ã»ã€ãªã³ãçŽ30kmæ¯ç§ã»ã©ã®å éãåããŠç空ã®ç©ºéã®ã»ãŒäžå®æ¹åãžæŸå°ããä»çµã¿ã«ãªã£ãŠããããã®éœã€ãªã³ã®æŸåºã«ããååãã1åºããã8ããªã»ãã¥ãŒãã³ã®å®æ Œæšåãçãã
å®å®æ©ã§ã®ããã·ã§ã³ç³»ã«çžåœããæ¢æ»æ©åšé¡ã¯ãååçãªã»ã³ãµç³»ãšèœåçãªãµã³ãã«æ¡åé¢ä¿ã®ãã®ã«å€§ããåãããããã»ã³ãµç³»ã¯å°ææãžã®æ¥è¿æã«çšããããçŽç¶ããããã·ã§ã³ã®èªå°çšãšãããã·ã§ã³å
容ã«ãããå®å®ç©ºéå
ã§ã®äœçœ®ãæ¹åãªã©ãç¥ãããã®èªæ³çšã®ãã®ããããäž¡æ¹ãå
Œãããã®ãããã
MINERVA(ããã«ã)ã¯ãåœåãã¯ãã¶ããžã®æèŒãäºå®ãããŠããã¢ã¡ãªã«èªç©ºå®å®å± (NASA) ã®ããŒããŒããã£ã³ã»ã«ãããããããããŸã§ãã£ãããšéçºãããŠãããã®ããæ¥éœæºåãããæ¥æ¬ã®å°åããŒããŒã§ããããããžã§ã¯ããããŒãžã£ãŒã®å·å£æ·³äžéãæ¥æ¬ç¬èªã®åæ¢æ»æ©ãæèŒããããšãææ¡ãéçºããããå称㯠"MIcro/Nano Experimental Robot Vehicle for Asteroid" ã®ç¥ã§ãããã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒãã©ã³ã¹ã®ä»£ããã«æèŒããããšãåæãšãªã£ãŠãããå颿©æ§ãå«ãã質éã1kg以å
ã«åããããšãæ¡ä»¶ãšãªã£ãŠãããNASAã®JPLã«ãã£ãŠMUSES-CNã®éçºãé²ããããŠããããšããæ£åŒãªãããžã§ã¯ããšããŠã¯æ±ãããŠããããéçºè²»ã¯æè¡ç ç©¶è²»çšããæ»åºããããæ°çåãå®å®ä»æ§åã®å»æ£éšäœã®äœ¿çšãå®å®ä»æ§åã®ã¡ãŒã«ãŒã«ããç¡åæäŸãªã©ã§éçºã³ã¹ãã倧å¹
ã«åæžãããŠãããåœåã¯æ£4é¢äœã®é ç¹ã«ããšã¿ã¿ãã®ãããªæ§é ãåãä»ãããããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã§é§åãããšããæ¹åŒãèããããããé§åéšäœã®é²åºãæ¶è²»é»åã®é¢ã§åé¡ããããæçµçã«ã¯å®å
šå¯éã®æ£16è§æ±åœ¢ã®å€åœ¢ã«ãå
éšã®ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒãé§åããŠãã®ååã§ããããããšããæ¹åŒã«æ±ºå®ããã
æã¡äžãåŸ2幎ãçµãŠ2005幎11æ12æ¥ã«æ¢æ»æ©ããåé¢ãããããåé¢æã«æ¢æ»æ©ãäžæäžã§ãã£ããããã€ãã«ã¯ã«çéžããããšã¯ã§ãããå²äžæå°(åœæ)ã®äººå·¥ææãšãªã£ã(åŸã«IKAROSã®DCAM2ã«ããæŽæ°)ãåé¢åŸã®ç¶æ
ã¯è¯å¥œã§ãããæ¢æ»æ©ã®å€ªéœé»æ± ããã«ãæ®åœ±ããä»ãéä¿¡å¯èœéçè·é¢ãè¶ãéä¿¡ãéçµ¶ãããŸã§18æéã«æž¡ã£ãŠããŒã¿ãéä¿¡ãç¶ããã
"MUSES-CN"ã¯è³ªé1kgãç®æšãšããŠéçºãããäºå®ã®å°åããŒããŒã ã£ãããã®çéžæ¢æ»æ©ã¯ãNASAãžã§ããæšé²ç ç©¶æã®ãã£ãŒãã¹ããŒã¹ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãå©çšãã察䟡ãšããŠãã¯ãã¶ããã«æèŒãããäºå®ã ã£ãããéééå€ãšéçºè²»ã®é«éš°ã«ãã£ãŠ2000幎11æ3æ¥ã«éçºèšç»ã¯äžæ¢ããããã«ã¡ã©ãè¿èµ€å€åå
åšã®æèŒãäºå®ããŠããã
ã¯ãã¶ãã§ã¯ãå
åŠè€åèªæ³ãšå°åœ¢èªæ³ãæ¡çšãããŠãããå
åŠè€åèªæ³ã¯äž»ã«å®å®ç©ºéã§ã®è»éãæ±ºå®ããããã®ãã®ã§ãããå°åœ¢èªæ³ã¯ã€ãã«ã¯ãžæ£ç¢ºã«çå°ããããã®ãã®ã§ãã£ãã
(æå»ã¯ãã¹ãŠJST)
(æå»ã¯ãã¹ãŠJST)
(æå»ã¯ãã¹ãŠJST)
ã¯ãã¶ãã¯ã«ãã»ã«ãåé¢ããåŸãæåŸã«å°çãæ®åœ±ããããã·ã§ã³ãè¡ã£ããã€ãã«ã¯ã®èŠ³æž¬çµäºåŸãã«ã¡ã©ãšãã®ä¿æž©ããŒã¿ãŒé»æºã¯é·æéåããããŸãŸã§å¥å
šæ§ãäžæã ã£ãããŸããã«ãã»ã«åé¢ãŸã§ã¯ããã«é©ããå§¿å¢ã«ä¿ã€å¿
èŠããããå颿©æ§ãäžèª¿ã®å Žåã«ã¯ã«ã¡ã©ãå°çã«åããŠã®åçæ®åœ±ã¯ã§ããªããšæãããŠãããããããã«ãã»ã«ã®åãé¢ãã«é èª¿ã«æåãããããã«ãã»ã«åãä»ãé¢ã«å¯ŸããŠåŽé¢ã«ããåºè§ã«ã¡ã© (ONC-W2)ãå°çæ¹åã«åãããå§¿å¢ã倿Žãããã«ãã»ã«åé¢ã®ååã§ãµãã€ãæ©äœã®å§¿å¢ããã€ãªã³ãšã³ãžã³ã®æšé²å€ã®çŽæ¥åŽåºãš1åºã ãæ®ã£ããªã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã€ãŒã« (RW-Z) ã«ãã£ãŠç«ãŠçŽãã2æéãããŠæ©äœãå転ãããããããŠ13æ¥22æ2åé ãŸã§ã«å°çã5 - 6ææ®åœ±ããããŒã¿ãå°äžã«éä¿¡ããããã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯çã£æãªãã®ã§ãããªãã£ãããéä¿¡ã®æäžã«éä¿¡ãéçµ¶ããŠåçã®äžéšãæ¬ ããŠããæåŸã®1æã®åçããããããã§å°çã®å§¿ãæããŠããã
2003幎5æ9æ¥ã®æã¡äžããã7幎ãå§¿å¢å¶åŸ¡çšã®ãªã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã€ãŒã«ã¯3åºäž2åºãååŠçæã¹ã©ã¹ã¿ã¯ãã¹ãŠæ
éãããããªã¯æŸé»ããã£ãŠããããã倪éœé»æ± ããã«ãå€ªéœæ¹åããéžãããšå³åº§ã«é»æºæãšãªãç¶æ
ãæ
éããã¹ã©ã¹ã¿å士ãç¹ãã§åŸ©æŽ»ãããã€ãªã³ãšã³ãžã³ããã€æ¢ãŸãããããããæèŒãããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãããããå転ãèµ·ããå§ããŠãããšããããŸãã«æºèº«åµçã®åž°éã§ãã£ããå®éã«äœ¿çšãããããšã¯ãªãã£ãããæåŸã®ãªã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã€ãŒã«ãæ
éããå Žåã®å¯ŸçãçšæãããŠããã
6æ13æ¥22æ51åé ææéè»éããçŽæ¥12km/sã®çžå¯Ÿè»éé床ã§ãã¯ãã¶ãæ¬äœããã³ã«ãã»ã«ã¯å€§æ°ååçªå
¥ãããæµæã®ããã«èŒããªããç¡æ°ã®ç Žçã«åè§£ããçãå°œããŠããã¯ãã¶ãæ¬äœãšãäžçã®å
ã®å°Ÿãæ³ããŠé£ã³ç¶ããåçªå
¥ã«ãã»ã«ã¯ãåãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢å·ã«ãããŠã¯æ°åç§éã«ãããå°äžããèçŒã§ã芳枬ãããæºæã®åã®æããã«çžåœãããã€ãã¹13ççŽã®èŒããçºãã人ã®åœ±ãå°é¢ã«æ ãã»ã©ã®æãããšãªã£ãã äºåã®äºæ³ã§ã¯ã倧æ°ååçªå
¥æã®å
è·¡ã¯æå€§ã§ãã€ãã¹5ççŽçšåºŠãšå ±éãããŠããããåŸã®èšè
äŒèŠã§ã¯ããã®äºæ³ã¯ã¯ãã¶ãæ¬äœãå«ãŸãªããåçªå
¥ã«ãã»ã«åäœã®æãããæããäºæ³ã§ãã£ããšèšæ£ãããã
22æ56åãã«ãã»ã«ããã®é»æ³¢ä¿¡å·(ããŒã³ã³)ãåä¿¡ããããã©ã·ã¥ãŒããéããããšã確èªããããã«ãã»ã«ã¯23æ8åé ã«çéžãããšæšå®ããããçéžäºæ³å°ç¹ã®åšå²ã«å±éããæ¹åæ¢æž¬çãããŒã³ã³ã®æ¹åããèœäžäœçœ®ãæšå®ããçºç±ã«ããèµ€å€ç·ãé Œãã«ããªã³ãã¿ãŒã«ããæçŽ¢ãè¡ããã13æ¥23æ56åãåçªå
¥çŽåã®äºæ³å°ç¹ãã1 kmã»ã©ã®ãŠãŒã¡ã©ã®å西çŽ200 kmã§ç®èŠã«ããçºèŠãããã
çŸå°ã®ç æŒ äžåž¯ã¯å
äœæ°ã¢ããªãžããŒã®èå°ã§ãããããã14æ¥ååã«ã¢ããªãžããŒã®ä»£è¡šãããªã§çŸå ŽãèŠå¯ããäºè§£ãåŸãåŸãå®å®æ©æ§ã®ããŒã ãã«ãã»ã«ååã«åãã£ããã«ãã»ã«ã«ä»ããŠããç«è¬ãªã©ã®å±éºç©ãå®å
šãªç¶æ
ãã©ããã調ã¹ãåŸãã«ãã»ã«ååäœæ¥ãéå§ããçŽ4æéåŸã«ååãå®äºããå°çšã®ã³ã³ããã§çŸå°ã®æ ç¹æœèšãŸã§ç§»éãããããŸããæ¢çŽ¢ãããŠããããŒãã·ãŒã«ãã14æ¥14æé ã«çºèŠãããç¿æ¥ã«ååãããã
ãªããã以åã«ãæ¥æ¬ã®å®å®æ©ãèªåã§å€§æ°ååçªå
¥ã«èããäŸã¯ããã€ãããããååãŸã§äºå®éãã«æåããã®ã¯2003幎ã«ååãããUSERSååã«ãã»ã«ä»¥æ¥7幎ã¶ã2床ç®ãæ§ISASãæã¡äžããè¡æã»æ¢æ»æ©ãšããŠã¯åã®ååæåãšãªã£ã(倱æåŸã«å¶ç¶ååãããEXPRESSãé€ã)ã倧æ°ååçªå
¥æã®æå€§æžéçã¯50GçšåºŠã§ãåçªå
¥ããçŽ150ç§åŸã«ã¯ç§éæ°åã¡ãŒãã«ãŸã§ã®æžéãè¡ãããã
NASAã¯JAXAãªã©ãšå
±åã§ã芳枬çšèªç©ºæ©ãDC-8ããã19å°ã®ã«ã¡ã©ã§ãã¯ãã¶ããã®å€§æ°ååçªå
¥ãæ®åœ±ãããã¯ãã¶ãã¯ææéèªè¡ãããŠããã®ã§ãæŽå²äž2çªç®ã®é床ã§å€§æ°ååçªå
¥ãè¡ãããã«ãã»ã«ã¯1äž - 2äžåºŠã®é«æž©ã«ããããããNASAã®æ¯æŽãšããŠã¯ãã®ã»ãã«ããã£ãŒãã¹ããŒã¹ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«ããã¯ãã¶ãã®è¿œè·¡æ¯æŽããšã€ã ãºç ç©¶ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã®å€§åå ç±é¢šæŽãçšããåçªå
¥ã«ãã»ã«ã®èç±ã·ãŒã«ã詊éšããã£ãã
çºèŠãããã«ãã»ã«ã¯ããŠãŒã¡ã©æœèšå
ã®ã¯ãªãŒã³ã«ãŒã ã§ççºã®å±éºæ§ãããè£
眮ãšé»ååè·¯ãåãé€ããåŸãçªçŽ ãæºãããããªãšãã¬ã³ã®è¢ã«å
¥ããäžã§å
ç®±ã«åçŽãããã«è¡æåžåçšã®ããŒã«ã䞊ã¹ãå
éç®±ã«å
¥ããŠç±ã·ãŒã«ããšå
±ã«ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒæ©ã§æ¥æ¬ã«èŒžéããã17æ¥æ·±å€ã«çŸœç°ç©ºæž¯ã«å°çããã18æ¥2æã«ãã©ãã¯ã§JAXAçžæš¡åãã£ã³ãã¹ã®ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã«æ¬éããããã«ãã»ã«ã¯Xç·æå±€æ®åœ± (CT) æ€æ»ãè¡ãããäžæŠJAXA調åžãã£ã³ãã¹é£è¡å Žå宀ã«ç§»éãããæ€æ»ã®çµæå®¹åšã«äºè£ãªã©ããªãããšã確èªããããæŒå€é£ç¶ã§ã«ãã»ã«ã®æž
æãè¡ããã20æ¥ã«ã¯ãµã³ãã«ã³ã³ãããã¯ãªãŒã³ãã§ã³ããŒã«å°å
¥ãããã22æ¥ã«ãµã³ãã«ã³ã³ãããéå°ãããå
éšãã埮éã®ã¬ã¹ãæ¡åããããã倧éšåãå°ç倧æ°ç±æ¥ã®æ°äœã§ãã£ãã24æ¥ã«ã¯ããµã³ãã«ãã£ããã£ãŒA宀ã®éå°äœæ¥ã«çæããã
7æ5æ¥ãJAXAã¯ã«ãã»ã«å
ã®ãµã³ãã«ã³ã³ããããèçŒã§ç¢ºèªã§ããçŽåŸ1ããªã¡ãŒãã«ã»ã©ã®åŸ®ç²ååæ°åãšããµã³ãã«ãã£ããã£ãŒA宀ã®å
å£ããçŽåŸ10ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã»ã©ã®åŸ®ç²å2åãé¡åŸ®é¡ã§ç¢ºèªãããšçºè¡šããããã®åŸã調æ»ç¯å²ãåºããã«ã€ããŠçºèŠãããç²åã®æ°ãå¢ããŠãã£ããã«ãã»ã«å
ã®åŸ®ç²åã¯ãããã¥ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã§1ç²ãã€ã¬ã©ã¹å®¹åšã«ç§»ããŠè©³çŽ°ã«æ€æ»ããäºå®ã ã£ãããäºåã«è¡ã£ããªããŒãµã«ããç²åãå°ããå¹çãæªãã£ãããšãããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡ã§èгå¯ã§ãããµã€ãºã®ãããã³è£œãã©ãšçŽçªçŽ ãã£ã³ããŒãéçºããå°ç倧æ°ã«ããæ±æã鮿ããç°å¢äžã§å®¹åšã®å£é¢ãããã£ãŠåŸ®ç²åãæ¡åããããã«ãããšããã10ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ä»¥äžã®åŸ®ç²åãçŽ3,000åæç²ããããšãã§ããã
11æ16æ¥ãŸã§ã«A宀å
ããååãã埮ç²åã®ãã¡çŽ1,500åã岩ç³è³ªã§ãã£ããååããã埮ç²åãå°çäžã§æ··å
¥ãããã®ãªã®ããã€ãã«ã¯ç±æ¥ãªã®ãã¯ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã»ã³ã¿ãŒå
ã§ã®ç°¡æåæã ãã§ã¯å€æã§ããªããšèããããŠããããXç·åå
åæã®çµæãçµæãå°çäžã®å²©ç³ã§ã¯èŠãããªãLL4-6ã³ã³ãã©ã€ãéç³ã®çµæãšäžèŽãããã€ãã«ã¯ã®èŠ³æž¬çµæãããã€ãã«ã¯ã¯LLã³ã³ãã©ã€ããšè¿ãç©è³ªã§ãããšæšå®ãããŠããããšãã倧éšåãã€ãã«ã¯èµ·æºãšå€æããã11æ16æ¥ã«å
¬è¡šãããã12æ7æ¥ã«ãµã³ãã«ãã£ããã£ãŒB宀ãéå°ããã
ãããã³è£œãã©ã«ããæ¡åã§ã¯ã埮ç²åããã©ã«ä»çããŠåããªããªã£ãŠããŸãããšããããµã³ãã«ãã£ããã£ãŒãã²ã£ããè¿ããŠæ¯åãäžããåæç³è±ã¬ã©ã¹è£œã®åç€ã«ç²åãèœäžãããæ¹æ³(èªç±èœäžæ³)ãèæ¡ããã倧ããªãã®ã§300ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ãè¶
ããç²åãååããããšãã§ããããŸããã¬ã©ã¹åç€ã«ä»çãã詊æã¯éé»å¶åŸ¡ã«ãããã€ã¯ããããã¥ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã«ããã²ãšã€ãã€æŸãéããããã2013幎3æ15æ¥ãŸã§ã«400åã»ã©ã®ç²åãååãããå
çŽ çµæã«ãã£ãŠã«ããŽãªãŒå¥ã«åé¡ãã1ã€ãã€ä¿ç®¡ãããŠãããååããç²åã¯åæåæã®ããåç ç©¶æ©é¢ã«é
ä»ãããä»ãNASAãå
¬åã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºãŸã£ãååœã®ç ç©¶æ©é¢ã§ãã詳现ãªåæãè¡ããããã«äžéšã®ãµã³ãã«ã¯åææè¡ã®é²æ©ã«æåŸ
ããŠä¿åããäºå®ã§ããã
ç²åã®åæåæã¯åœåäºå®ã®8æä»¥éãã9æä»¥éãããã«12æä»¥éãžãšå»¶æããããããã2011幎1æ21æ¥ã«SPring-8ã§æåã®åæåæãå§ããããã3æã«ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§éããã第42åæææç§åŠäŒè°ã§åæåæã®äžéå ±åãçºè¡šãããã
圹å²ãæãããåçªå
¥ã«ãã»ã«ã®ããŒãã·ãŒã«ãããã©ã·ã¥ãŒããªã©ãããã³å°äžè©Šéšçšã®ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ã¢ãã«ã¯ã2010幎7ææ«ãã8æã«ãããŠä»¥äžã®å Žæã§å
¬éããããäžè¬å
¬éã®åæ¥ã«ã¯1äž3åäººã®æ¥å Žè
ãè©°ããããæå€§ã§3æéåŸ
ã¡ã«ããªãé·èã®åãã€ãã£ãã
ãã®åŸãåŒãç¶ãåå°ã§å
¬éãããŠããããããŒãã·ãŒã«ãã¯ç ç©¶è§£æã«äŸãããããå±ç€ºãããªãããšããã£ãããªããããŒãã·ãŒã«ãã®åœ¢ç¶ã¯éèŠæ©å¯äºé
ã§ãã£ãããããå°ãªããšãçæ³¢å®å®ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã§èŠåŠè
ã«é
åžãããè³æã§ã¯ããŒãã·ãŒã«ãã®èŒªéãå¡ãã€ã¶ãããŠããã
2010幎7æã®çžæš¡åãã£ã³ãã¹ç¹å¥å
¬éãç®åãã«å幎11æããã¯æ¬æ Œçã«åå°ãå·¡åããæåŸã®äŒå Žã®æç¥çåè°·åžã§2012幎4æ3æ¥ããã£ãŠå
šè¡çšãçµäºãããå
š69äŒå Žã§å»¶ã¹89äžäººã®æ¥å Žè
æ°ãèšé²ããã
ãããšã¯å¥ã«ãåçªå
¥ã«ãã»ã«ã補äœããIHIãšã¢ãã¹ããŒã¹ã®å·¥å Žã矀銬çå¯å²¡åžã«ããçžã§ãå瀟ã¯2010幎10æã«å®ç©å€§ã¬ããªã«ã矀銬çã«å¯èŽããŠãããçå
ã§å·¡åå±ç€ºãããåŸã«ãããŸå€©æå°ã§2011幎1æ15æ¥ããåžžèšå±ç€ºãããŠããã
6æ13æ¥ãéæ²³é£éŠããã¯ãã¶ãã®æ¥ã(è±: HAYABUSA DAY) ã«å¶å®ãã2012幎5æ28æ¥ã«æ¥æ¬èšå¿µæ¥åäŒããèªå®ãåãç»é²ãããã
以äžã®è¡šã¯ãéçºã»éçšã»ååãµã³ãã«è§£æã«é¢ãã£ãäŒæ¥ãäžå¿ã«ãŸãšãããããäž»ãªãã¯ãã¶ããé¢é£äŒæ¥ã®äžèЧã§ããã
ã¯ãã¶ã (MUSES-C) ã®æã¡äžã以åããMUSES-CåŸç¶æ©ã®æ§æ³ã¯ãããå°å€©äœæ¢æ»ãã©ãŒã©ã (MEF) ã§ã¯åŸç¶æ©ã®ä»»åã«ã€ããŠãåãå°æææ(ã³ããã¹æãŸãã¯ããµæ)ã«å±ããè€æ°ã®å°ææãæ¢æ»ããæ¡ããã¹ãã¯ãã«ãæ¢ç¥ã®å°çè¿åå€©äœ (NEO) è€æ°ãæ¢æ»ããæ¡ãªã©ã倿°ã®æ¡ãæ€èšãããã
2011幎5æ12æ¥ãã¯ãã¶ãã®æ¹è¯æ©ãã¯ãã¶ã2ãã2014å¹Žã«æã¡äžããå°çè¿åå°ææãªã¥ãŠã°ãŠãæ¢æ»ããèšç»ãçºè¡šãããã2014幎12æ3æ¥ã«æã¡äžãããã2018幎ã«ãªã¥ãŠã°ãŠã«å°çã2020幎ã«åž°éããèšç»ãç«æ¡ãããèšç»éãã«å®è¡ãããã
ãã¯ãã¶ã2ã以éã«ã€ããŠã¯ããã倧åã»é«æ§èœãªãã¯ãã¶ãMk.II(ããŒã¯2)ãããã¯ãã¶ãMk.IIãããšãŒãããå®å®æ©é¢ãšå
±åéçºãããšããããã«ã³ã»ããŒã(è±èªç)ããªã©ã®æ§æ³ãããã
è€æ°ã®æè¡çãªãã©ãã«ã«èŠèããåž°éãçµ¶æèŠããã€ã€ãããããä¹ãè¶ããŠå°çãžã®åž°éãç®æãã¯ãã¶ãã®æ
çšã¯ãå€ãã®æ¥æ¬äººã«çŸè«ãšããŠåãæ¢ãããå
±æãåŒãã ã
倩çèªçæ¥ã«å
ç«ã€2010幎12æ20æ¥ã®èšè
äŒèŠã§ãäžçæä»ã¯ãã¯ãã¶ããã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ã®ããã«è¿°ã¹ãã
ãŸãäžçåã¯ãã¯ãã¶ãã倧æ°åã«çªå
¥ããæã®ããšãåæã«è© ãã ã
ãã®åž°è·¯ã«å·±ããçŒãããã¯ãã¶ããã®å
èŒ(ããã)ãã«æããããããš
ãã¯ãã¶ããã«å¯Ÿããé¢å¿ã¯ã¯ãããã倧ããã£ãããã§ã¯ãªããã¯ãã¶ãã®çéžå€±æãéåžžã«å€§ããåãäžããããåŸãå®ã¯çéžããŠããããšãåãäžããããã黿³¢ãæããããªããªããåž°éãå±ã¶ãŸããããã«ãªããšã»ãšãã©å ±éãããªãããã«ãªã£ãããã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢ãé¢å¿ã倱ã£ãŠããäžæ¹ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã§ã¯ã¯ãã¶ãã«é¢ãã話é¡ã®çãäžããããããæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«æ³šç®ãéããŠãã£ã(詳现ã¯ã#ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã«ããåºå ±ãšåé¿ããåç
§)ã
2010幎6æ13æ¥ã®å°çåž°éãè¿ä»ãã«ã€ããŠãã¥ãŒã¹ãã¯ã€ãã·ã§ãŒã§åãäžããããæ©äŒãå¢ãã6æ10æ¥ã«ã¯NHKã®ãã¯ããŒãºã¢ããçŸä»£ãã§ãå·ã ããã®åž°é æ¢æ»æ©ã¯ãã¶ãã®å€§èªæµ·ããæŸéããã(JAXAã®çå·æ³°å®£ãã²ã¹ãåºæŒ)ãNHKã¯ãŠãŒã¡ã©ã«è¿ãã°ã¬ã³ãã³ãã«åæçãéãã倧æ°ååçªå
¥ã®æš¡æ§ããã€ããžã§ã³ã§æ®åœ±ããŠç¿14æ¥æªæãã宿ãã¥ãŒã¹ã®åé ã§ç¹°ãè¿ãæŸéããããNHKã»æ°æŸåå±ãšãçäžç¶ãè¡ãããNHKåºå ±å±ã¯ãã€ãã¿ãŒäžã§ã倧æ°åçªå
¥ã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã«ã¯ãã¡ããã©ã¯ãŒã«ãã«ããã®è©ŠåãæŸéããŠããã®ã§ãçäžç¶ã¯é£ãããã§ãããªã©ãšå·éã«çè§£ãæ±ããŠããã®ã ãã第1å ±ãããé
ãããããäžéšã§ã¯æŸéå±ã®åå¿ã«å¯Ÿãã倱æã®å£°ãäžãã£ãã ç¿æ¥14æ¥ã®æååèªã¯1é¢ãããã«åçä»ã§ã¯ãã¶ãçªå
¥ã®èšäºãæ²èŒããæ°æŸåå±ãã¯ãã¶ãã®åž°éãå ±éããŠããããŸãã«ãã»ã«ãçå°ãããªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ã§ã¯ã倧ããªè©±é¡ãšããŠæ±ã£ããã¬ãæŸéå±ããããå°æ¹Ÿãã€ã®ãªã¹ãªã©ã§ãå ±éãããã
ã¯ãã¶ãã®åž°éåŸã¯ãæ¥æ¬åœæ°ã®ç±çã¶ããåœæ°çãªé¢å¿ã®é«ããã¡ãã£ã¢äžã§ã玹ä»ãããã
ã¯ãã¶ãã®ã«ãã»ã«åž°éæåãåãã6æ8æ¥ã«æç«ããã°ããã®è
å
é£ã®é£åãã¡ããã¯çµ¶è³ããçºèšãçžæ¬¡ãã ã
ãããã®çºèšã«å¯ŸããŠãèªå£²æ°èã¯é³©å±±æ¿æš©äžã§ã¯ãã¶ãåŸç¶æ©ã®äºç®ãåæžãããŠããããšãææãããçŸéããããšæ°äž»å
æ¿æš©ãæ¹å€çã«å ±ããã
ã¯ãã¶ãã¯ããæã®çåããŸã«äŒãã«è¡ããŸãããããã£ã³ããŒã³ã宿œããåœå
å€ãã88äžäººã®çœ²åå
¥ãã¿ãŒã²ããããŒã«ãŒãç©ãã§ããããšã§ãæäžæåã®ãã¥ãŒã¹ã«ã¯å€ãã®å±ãŸãã®ã¡ãŒã«ãJAXAã«å±ããããã
ã€ãã«ã¯çéžã®éã¯ã管å¶å®€ã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžç¶ããããã°ã«ãã宿³ãè¡ãããã2床ç®ã®çéžã®éãæ é€ããªã³ã¯ããªããã¿ã³Dãã®ç©ºãç¶ã管å¶å®€ã®æºã«ã©ãã©ãå¢ããŠããæ§åãããã°ãéããŠç޹ä»ãã話é¡ã«ãªã£ããåŸã«ããã°ã®æŽæ°æ
åœè
ã®ããšã«ã¯å€§æ£è£œè¬é¢ä¿è
ãããªããã¿ã³Dã2ã«ãŒãã³èŽããããšããã
JAXAã®webãµã€ãã§ã¯ãããã·ã§ã³ã®çµéãçµµæ¬ä»ç«ãŠã§ç޹ä»ãããã¯ãã¶ãåã®åéºæ¥èªããããŒããŒã¯ã©ãããªã©ãå
¬éãããã
2006幎ãsoyuz projectåçŸ©ã§æŽ»åãã鳿¥œå®¶ãçŠéåµã¯ãã¯ãã¶ãã®å°çãžã®ç¡äºåž°éãé¡ãããswingbyããšããæ¥œæ²ãèªèº«ã®webãµã€ãã§ç¡æé
ä¿¡ãããé
ä¿¡åŸããã®æ²ã¯çžæš¡åã®JAXAå®å®ç§åŠç ç©¶æ¬éšã®äžè¬å
¬éã€ãã³ãã«ãããŠãã¯ãã¶ãã³ãŒããŒã®BGMãšããŠæ£åŒã«æ¡çšãããã
å°çåž°éã«åããŠæåŸã®è»éä¿®æ£ã«å
¥ã£ã2010幎4æã«ã¯ç¹èšããŒãžãäœããããããžã§ã¯ããããŒãžã£ãŒã®å·å£æ·³äžéãå§ããšããé¢ä¿è
ãã¡ã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãæ²èŒãããã»ããããã°ãTwitterã§ç¶æ³ãå ±åããããTwitterã§ã¯ãã¯ãã¶ãåãâæ¬äººâãã€ã¶ããããããããã€ããããããã€ã«ãã¹åããšäŒè©±ããããšããã£ãã
ãªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã§å€ãã®æ
å ±ãå
¬éãããããšã«ãããããã§ã®æ³šç®ãéããã¯ãã¶ããæ¬äººåãããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒããã¯ãã¶ããããŒãã«ãããã©ãã·ã¥ã»MADã ãŒããŒã»æ¥œæ²ãªã©ãäœãããããã¡ã³ã«ããã³ã¹ãã¬ãå®ç©å€§æš¡åãªã©ãå
¬éãããŠããŒã ãçãäžãããåŸæ¥ãASCIIäž»å¬ã«ãããå·å£æ·³äžéææãšä»åã®ãããžã§ã¯ãããŒã ãæããŠãä»åã®ããã·ã§ã³ã«ã€ããŠã®å¯Ÿè«ãè¡ãããéãTwitterã®æããã圹å²ã«ãµãããŸããã³ãã³åç»äžã®ãã ãŸããã®ãæ¡å±±åãããå®å®æŠèŠã€ããããªã©ãã¢ããŒãã«ããFLASHã ãŒããŒäœåã«ã€ããŠããšãŠãããåºæ¥ãŠããŠæ°ã«å
¥ã£ãŠãããšããææ³ãè¿°ã¹ãŠããã¯ãã¶ãããšããããšã®èŠªåæ§ã¯é«ããšè©äŸ¡ããã
2010幎6æ13æ¥ã®å€§æ°ååçªå
¥ã®éã«ã¯ãåè¿°ã®ããã«çäžç¶ãè¡ã£ãæŸéå±ãçç¡ã§ãã£ãã®ã«å¯Ÿããåç»é
ä¿¡ãµã€ãã§ã¯çŸå°ããã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžç¶ãè¡ããããã³ãã³çæŸéã«å»¶ã¹21äžäººãJAXAã®é
ä¿¡ã«36äžã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãåæå±±å€§åŠã®é
ä¿¡ã«63äžã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã殺å°ããããããèŠèŽè
æ°ãå¶éããããåç·ãç¹ããã«ãããªã£ããããç¶æ³ãçºçãããTwitterã§ã泚ç®ãéããNECããã°ããŒãã«ããçµ±èšã«ããã°ãåçªå
¥ãæããåç»ãç»åãå
¬éãããé ãäžå¿ã«ã10åé蟺ãæå€§ã§27,000ä»¶ãäžåãçºèšãã¯ãã¶ãã®è©±é¡ã«è²»ãããããããã¯ç¿æ¥ã®åæéåž¯ã«æŸéããã2010 FIFAã¯ãŒã«ãã«ããæ¥æ¬å¯Ÿã«ã¡ã«ãŒã³æŠã§ãŽãŒã«ã決ããæ¬ç°åäœã«å¯Ÿããã10åé蟺ãæå€§16,000ä»¶ã®çºèšãå§åçã«äžåã£ãŠããã
ãŸããã¯ãã¶ãããå°çã«åž°éããç¿æ¥ã«ã¯ããªã³ã©ã€ã³çœ²åãµã€ãã§ãã¯ãã¶ã2äºç®å¢é¡ã®åé¡çœ²åããäœæããããªã©ãé¢ä¿è
以å€ãããæ³šç®ãéãŸã£ãŠããã
ã¯ãã¶ãã«å¯Ÿããåé¿ã®äžç°ãšããŠããã©ã¢ãã«ãæžç±ãæãŠã¯æ¥æ¬é
ãšãã£ãã°ããºããç¡äººæ¢æ»æ©ãæ±ã£ãååãšããŠã¯äŸå€çãªå£²ãè¡ãã瀺ãããäŸãã°éå³¶æåææç€Ÿããçºå£²ããããã©ã¢ãã«ã¯ãå瀟ã«ãããéåžžã®ãããååãšæ¯ã¹ãŠçŽ4 - 5åãã®å泚ããããåå補é åãæ°æ¥ã§å£²ãåããã»ã©ã®åé¿ããã£ããšããã 2009幎4æ1æ¥ã«ã¯ãã¯ãã¶ãã®å°é£ãªæ
çšãåæ
çã«æãããã©ãã¿ãªãŠã çªçµãHAYABUSA -BACK TO THE EARTH-ããå
¬éããããã©ãã¿ãªãŠã çªçµãšããŠã¯ç°äŸã®äººæ°ããã£ããšããã ãHAYABUSA -BACK TO THE EARTH-ãã¯DVDããã³BDã§ãçºå£²ããã奜è©ãåãããã®ã®ãçµç€ã®æ åã¯ãããŸã§äºæ³ã«åºã¥ãå¶äœã ã£ããããã¯ãã¶ãã®å°çåž°éã®åŸã«å®å
šçãæ±ãã声ãçžæ¬¡ããçµç€ã®æ åãäºå®ã«åºã¥ããCGæ åãšå·®ãæ¿ãããHAYABUSA -BACK TO THE EARTH- åž°éããŒãžã§ã³ããå¶äœãããåå°ã§äžæ äžã§ãã£ããã©ãã¿ãªãŠã ã§ãéæåž°éããŒãžã§ã³ãžãšå·®ãæ¿ããããã
ã¯ãã¶ãåž°éåŸã«ã¯JAXAã«8瀟ããæ ç»åã®ãªãã¡ãŒãããã2011å¹Žç§æãã2012å¹Žæ¥æã«ãããŠã¯ãã¶ããäž»é¡ãšããæ ç»3äœãçžæ¬¡ãã§å
¬éããããæ¥æ¬åœå
ã§åãé¡æã®æ ç»ã3äœåéãªã£ãŠç«¶äœãããããšã¯éåžžã«çšãªããšã§ããããã®ãã¡20äžçŽãã©ãã¯ã¹ã®æ ç»ãã¯ãã¶ã/HAYABUSAãã¯ãå²äžåã®å®å®è©ŠåäŒãšããè§Šã蟌ã¿ã§ãåœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã«æ»åšäžã®å®å®é£è¡å£«ã察象ã«ãã詊åäŒãäŒç»ããã2011幎7æ27æ¥ã«å®æœããããæ ç»ã®ã»ãã«ã¯ãæ ç»ã®åäœãšãªã£ãèäœããæ¢æ»æ©ãèãæ¬äººåããæŒ«ç»äœåãªã©ãåºçãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95_(%E6%8E%A2%E6%9F%BB%E6%A9%9F)
|
8,083 |
奥矜æ¬ç·
|
奥矜æ¬ç·(ãããã»ããã)ã¯ãçŠå³¶ççŠå³¶åžã®çŠå³¶é§
ãããæ±åå°æ¹ã®å±±ééšã瞊貫ãã山圢çã»ç§ç°çãçµç±ããŠé森ç鿣®åžã®é森é§
ã«è³ãééè·¯ç·(å¹¹ç·)ã§ããã
äžéšåºéã§ã¯ããæ°å¹¹ç·ãšããŠæ±åæ°å¹¹ç·ãšã®çŽéé転ãè¡ãããŠãããçŠå³¶é§
- æ°åºé§
éã«ã¯å±±åœ¢æ°å¹¹ç·ãã€ã°ãããã倧æ²é§
- ç§ç°é§
éã«ã¯ç§ç°æ°å¹¹ç·ãããŸã¡ããé転ãããŠããããã®ãã¡çŠå³¶é§
- æ°åºé§
éã«ã¯ã山圢ç·(ããŸãããã)ã®æç§°ãã€ããããŠããã
2022幎10æ1æ¥çŸåšãJRæ±æ¥æ¬ã®åæ¯ç€Ÿã®ç®¡èœåºéã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«ãªã£ãŠããã
2014幎4æ1æ¥ããçŠå³¶é§
- æ°åºé§
éã倧éœåžè¿éåºéãšããŠæ°èšããããä»å°è¿éåºéããšãªããåæã«å±±åœ¢é§
ã§ICã«ãŒãä¹è»åžãSuicaããå©çšå¯èœãšãªã£ããããã«2023幎5æ27æ¥ã«ã¯ãåç°é§
- 远åé§
ãåŒåé§
- 鿣®é§
ã§å©çšå¯èœã«ãªã£ãã»ãã2024幎3æ16æ¥ã«ã¯ãã¿ã®ããŸæž©æ³é§
- æå±±é§
(å°å
¥æžã¿ã®å±±åœ¢é§
以å€ã®åºéå
ã®åé§
)ã§ãSuicaãå©çšå¯èœã«ãªãã
æ¥æ¬ééäŒç€Ÿã®é森é§
ããå®å¶ééãšããŠå¥¥çŸœåç·ãçŠå³¶é§
ãã奥矜åç·ãšããŠå»ºèšãéå§ããã1905幎ã«å
šç·ã鿥ããã
è·¯ç·åç§°ãšããŠã¯çŠå³¶é§
- 鿣®é§
éã§1ã€ã®è·¯ç·ã§ããããã€ãŠã¯å¯å°ç¹æ¥ããããŒã®ããæ¥è¡ã接軜ããªã©ãå
šç·éãã§é転ããåè»ãååšããã山圢æ°å¹¹ç·ã»ç§ç°æ°å¹¹ç·ã鿥ããããã«äŒŽãäžéšåºéãæšæºè»ãžæ¹è»ãããããšã«ãããåŸæ¥ã®1,067mmè»éå°çšè»äž¡ã§é転ãããåªçåè»ã¯ã1999幎12æ4æ¥ã®å±±åœ¢æ°å¹¹ç·æ°åºé§
延䌞ã«äŒŽããã€ã€æ¹æ£ã§ç¹æ¥ãããŸããããå¿«éåè»ã«æ Œäžã(2002幎12æ1æ¥ãã€ã€æ¹æ£ã§å»æ¢)ã«ãªã£ãŠä»¥éã¯ç§ç°é§
以åã®ã¿ã®é転ãšãªã£ããæ®éåè»ãéè¡ç³»çµ±ãšããŠã¯å€§ãã以äžã®4ã€ã®åºéã«åãããŠããã
山圢æ°å¹¹ç·ãã€ã°ãããèµ°è¡ããåºéã§ãããæ¿è°·å³ ãšãã飿ãéäžã«ååšãããæ°å¹¹ç·ããã®çŽéåè»ãèµ°ãããããã«æšæºè»ãžæ¹è»ãããŠããéœåäžããã®åºéãèµ°è¡ããè»äž¡ãæ°åºé§
以åã§é転ããããšã¯äžå¯èœã«ãªã£ãŠããããŸãããã®åºéã®åšæ¥ç·æ®éåè»ã¯ã山圢ç·ãã®æç§°ãä»ãããã奥矜æ¬ç·ã®ä»åºéãšåºå¥ãããŠãããéè¡åœ¢æ
ã¯åºæ¬çã«çŠå³¶é§
- åºåé§
ã»ç±³æ²¢é§
éã米沢é§
- 山圢é§
éã山圢é§
- æ°åºé§
ãš3ã€ã®åºéã«åããŠé転ãããŠããã
山圢ã»ç§ç°çå¢ã®å±±ééšããã³çå°ãèµ°ãåºéã§ãæ®éåè»ãå¿«éåè»ã®ã¿ãèšå®ãããŠãããããã€ãŠã¯ä»åºéãšåæ§ã«æŒå€åããåªçåè»ãé転ãããŠãããæ°åºé§
- ç§ç°é§
éãçŽéããæ®éåè»ã«å ããæ°åºé§
- ç宀å·é§
éãšé¢å
é§
ã»æ¹¯æ²¢é§
ã»æšªæé§
- ç§ç°é§
éã®åºéåè»ãèšå®ãããŠãããæ°åºé§
- 湯沢é§
- 暪æé§
éã¯1 - 2æéã«1æ¬çšåºŠã暪æé§
- 倧æ²é§
éã¯1æéã«1æ¬çšåºŠéè¡ãããŠãããäžéšåè»ã¯ã¯ã³ãã³é転ãè¡ã£ãŠããã山圢æ°å¹¹ç·ã®çµç¹ã§ããæ°åºé§
ãšç§ç°æ°å¹¹ç·ã®éäžé§
ã§ãã倧æ²é§
ã«æãŸããåºéã§ãããäž¡æ°å¹¹ç·ãžã®ä¹ãç¶ãã䟿å©ãªããã«ãã€ã€ãçµãŸããŠããã
å
šåœè±ç«ç«¶æå€§äŒæã«ã¯ãèšææ®éåè»ãã¹ã¿ãŒãã€ã³å·ããèšå®ãããã
ç§ç°æ°å¹¹ç·ãããŸã¡ããç°æ²¢æ¹ç·ãšã®çŽéã§éè¡ãããåºéãããšããšã¯è€ç·ã ã£ãããç§ç°æ°å¹¹ç·éæ¥æã«1ç·ãæšæºè»ã«æ¹è»ãããçµæãæšæºè»ç·ãšçè»ç·ã®ããããåç·ã䞊ã¹ãŠæ·èšãããŠããåç·äžŠåã«ãªã£ãŠãããäžéšåºéã¯äžç·è»æ¡åãããŠãããã2ç·ã®äžæ¹ããæšæºè»ã®ã¿ãã§ä»æ¹ããæšæºè»+çè»ãã§ããã
2023幎3æçŸåšã®å®æãã€ã€ã§ã¯ãæšæºè»ç·ã¯ãããŸã¡ã以å€ã«ã¯ç°æ²¢æ¹ç·çšã®701ç³»5000çªå°ãåºå
¥åº«ã®ããã«éè¡ããçè»ç·ã¯åŸè¿°ã®æ®éã»å¿«éåè»ãéè¡ãããäžéšåè»ã¯ã¯ã³ãã³é転ãè¡ã£ãŠãããæ°å¹¹ç·ãéè¡ãããåºé(æ°åšçŽéåºé)ã§ããããæ°å¹¹ç·è»äž¡ãšåšæ¥ç·è»äž¡ã§å©çšããŒã ãç·è·¯ãåããããŠããããšããããã山圢ç·ãã®ãããªè·¯ç·æç§°ã¯ã€ããŠããªãã
æ®éåè»ã¯1æéã«1æ¬çšåºŠãéè¡ãããŠãããæã«æ¹¯æ²¢çºç§ç°è¡ãã®å¿«éåè»ã1æ¬ã®ã¿éè¡ãããŠããããã®å¿«éã¯2002幎11æ30æ¥ãŸã§ç§ç°é§
- 湯沢é§
- æ°åºé§
éã§èšå®ãããŠããå¿«éãããŸãããã®ãã¡æééåè»(ãããŸããã1å·)ã®ãã€ã€ãåŒãç¶ãã ãã®ã§ããã
ãªããæ°åºé§
以å倧æ²é§
以å - ç§ç°é§
éã®æ®éã»å¿«éåè»ã¯åè¿°ã®ããã«äžæ¬ãã®ç³»çµ±ãšãªã£ãŠãããã»ãšãã©ã®åè»ã¯ç§ç°é§
ãå¢çãšã以åãšã¯ç³»çµ±åé¢ããããŠããããæ©æã®äžã1æ¬ã®ã¿æšªæé§
â远åé§
ãšç§ç°é§
ãè¶ããåè»ããã(åè»çªå·ã¯423Mâ2627Mãšå€ãããæ
客æ¡å
äžã¯åäžåè»æ¡å
)ããã®ã»ãã«ãç§ç°é§
å°çåŸã«è¡å
ã倿ŽããŠå®è³ªçã«çŽéããåè»ãããã
å
šåœè±ç«ç«¶æå€§äŒã«ã¯ãç§ç°é§
â倧æ²é§
éã®å¿«éåè»ãè±ç«ããèšå®ãããããã®åè»ã¯æšæºè»ã®ç§ç°æ°å¹¹ç·ã®ã«ãŒãã§ã®èµ°è¡ãšãªãããã倧æ²é§
ãç¥å®®å¯ºé§
(äžãããŒã ã®ã¿)ãååéé§
(äžãããŒã ã®ã¿)ãç§ç°é§
以å€ã®é§
ã§ã¯ããŒã ãç¡ãã®ã§ãã¹ãŠééããããåè»ãããšããŠããç¥å®®å¯ºé§
ãšååéé§
ãå«ããŠæ
客ä¹éãæ±ããªãé転åè»æ±ããšãªããè±ç«å€§äŒã®èšæèŒžéã®éã¯ãç岡é§
ã®ç°æ²¢æ¹ç·ããŒã ã«æ°å¹¹ç·è»äž¡ãåè»ããå
æ¯ãèŠãããããšãããã
åœåºéã¯æ¹è¥¿ç·ã»åéžæ¬ç·ã»IRããããééç·ã»ããã®é¢šãšããŸééç·ã»ãã¡ãããããééæ¥æ¬æµ·ã²ããã©ã€ã³ã»ä¿¡è¶æ¬ç·ã»çœæ°ç·ã»çŸœè¶æ¬ç·ãšãšãã«ãæ¥æ¬æµ·çžŠè²«ç·ãã圢æããŠããããšãããéç§°ãšããŠåœåºéãã奥矜åç·ããçŠå³¶é§
- ç§ç°é§
ãã奥矜åç·ããšç§°ããããšãããããããã¯å
šç·ééåã«ã奥矜åç·ãã奥矜åç·ããšåŒã°ããåºéãšã¯ç°ãªãã
åªçåè»ä»¥å€ã¯ã倧ããåããŠç§ç°é§
- 倧通é§
éã倧通é§
- åŒåé§
éãåŒåé§
- 鿣®é§
éã®3系統ã«åå²ãããéè¡äœç³»ãšãªã£ãŠãããããã«ç§ç°é§
- å
«éæœé§
ã»æ±èœä»£é§
éãé·¹ãå·£é§
- 倧通é§
ã»åŒåé§
éããã³ç¢ã¶é¢é§
- åŒåé§
éã®åºéåè»ããç§ç°é§
- 远åé§
éã§ã¯ç·é¹¿ç·ãåŒåé§
- å·éšé§
éã§ã¯äºèœç·ãžã®çŽéåè»ãããããèšå®ãããŠããããããã1 - 2æéã«1æ¬çšåºŠã®éè¡ã§ããããç§ç°é§
- 远åé§
ã»å
«éæœé§
éãåŒåé§
- 鿣®é§
éã§ã¯1æéã«1 - 3æ¬çšåºŠéè¡ãããŠããããŸããç§ç°é§
- 鿣®é§
éã®çŽéåè»ã2019幎3ææ¹æ£ã®æç¹ã§æ¯æ¥1.5åŸåŸ©èšå®ãããŠãããäžéšåè»ã¯ã¯ã³ãã³é転ãè¡ã£ãŠããã2010幎代åã°ä»¥éã倧通é§
ã§ã®ç³»çµ±åå²ãæžå°ããåŒåé§
ã§ã®ç³»çµ±åå²ãå¢å ããåŸåã«ãããäžãã®ã¿çŸœè¶æ¬ç·ãžã®çŽéåè»ãéè¡ãããŠãããæ±èœä»£çºé
ç°è¡ãã2æ¬ãäŒæ¥éäŒã®å
«éæœçºæ°å±è¡ãã1æ¬éè¡ãããŠããã 2016幎3æ26æ¥ã®æ¹æ£ã§ã接軜æ°åé§
- 鿣®é§
éã®åè»ãæ°èšããããã®ãã¡å€æ¹ã®1æ¬ã¯ã接軜ç·è¹ç°çºæŽ¥è»œæ°åè¡ãã§éè¡ãããããã®ããæŽ¥è»œæ°åé§
- 鿣®é§
ã§ã¯æ¯æ2 - 3æ¬é転ãããŠããã
2010幎12æ4æ¥ã®æ¹æ£ã«ãããŠã鿣®é§
- åŒåé§
éã§æ5æå°ã®åè»ãšåŒåé§
çµçæå»ãæ¥ä»ãè·šãæçµåè»ãåŒåé§
- 倧通é§
éã§5æå°ãš22æå°ã«åè»ãå¢çºãããã
2019幎4æçŸåšãäžãã«ã¯å€æ¹ããå€ã«ãããŠç§ç°ããåŒåã»é森è¡ãã®å¿«éåè»ãå1æ¬ãäžãã«ã¯æã«å€§é€šãšåŒåããç§ç°è¡ãã®å¿«éåè»ãå1æ¬(èš2åŸåŸ©)èšå®ãããŠãã(ãã ã2018幎ã®ãã€ã€æ¹æ£ä»¥éããããã®å¿«éåè»ã¯ç§ç°é§
ããå
«éæœé§
ãŸã§åé§
åè»ãšãªã£ã)ããã®ãã¡æ6æå°ã®å€§é€šçºç§ç°è¡ãå¿«éåè»ã¯ã2002幎11æ30æ¥ãŸã§ãã®åºéã§èšå®ãããŠããå¿«éããããããã®ãã¡æééåè»ã§ãã£ãããããã2å·ãã®ãã€ã€ãåŒãç¶ãã ãã®ã§ãããæ®ã3æ¬ã¯2016幎3æ26æ¥ã®ãã€ã€æ¹æ£ã§æžäŸ¿ãããç¹æ¥ãã€ãããã®ä»£æ¿ã§èšå®ããããã®ã§ããããã®ããåŒåçºçã®åè»ã鿣®æ¹é¢ãšã®æ¥ç¶ãèæ
®ãããŠããŠã3æ¬ãšãç§ç°é§
- 鿣®é§
éãç¹æ¥ãšå€§å·®ãªã3æéååŸã§å°éå¯èœãªãã€ã€ã§ããã2016幎3æ25æ¥ãŸã§ã¯ãã®ã»ãã«ãããã€ãŠç§ç°é§
- 鹿è§è±èŒªé§
(è±èŒªç·)éã§èšå®ãããŠããæ¥è¡ãããããã(2002幎12æ1æ¥ããå¿«éã«æ Œäžã)ã®ãã€ã€ãåŒãç¶ãã ç§ç°é§
- 倧通é§
éã®å¿«éåè»1åŸåŸ©(äžãç§ç°çº18æå°ãäžã倧通çº8æå°)ãé転ãããŠãããããã®åŸãåè¿°ã®å¿«éåè»ãšæå»ãè¿æ¥ãããããããã«çµ±åãã廿¢ãšãªã£ãŠããããããã¯2008幎3æ14æ¥ãŸã§ã¯å¯äžã®å¥¥çŸœæ¬ç· - è±èŒªç·çŽéåè»ãšããŠåœéãã58ã»28圢æ°åè»ã§éè¡ãããŠããã
ãŸããç§ç°é§
- æ±èœä»£é§
éãšåŒåé§
- 鿣®é§
éã§äºèœç·çŽéã®èгå
åè»ããªãŸãŒããããã¿ãã1æ¥3åŸåŸ©(å¬æã¯æå€§2åŸåŸ©ãéåžžã¯åæã»æ¥ææ¥ã®ã¿ã®1åŸåŸ©)é転ãããŠããã
1999幎é ã®å€§é€šé§
- åŒåé§
éã®äžãã¯ã8æååŸé ãã14æååŸé ãŸã§ã®éã«æ®éåè»ãç¡ãã5 - 6æéãé転ééãéããŠãããåŸã«ãã®æé垯ã«åŒåé§
- 倧通é§
éã«1åŸåŸ©æ¯æ¥é転ã®èšæåè»ãèšå®ããã2008幎3æ15æ¥ã®ãã€ã€æ¹æ£ã§å®æåè»åã®äžã倧通é§
ã§æ¥ç¶ããŠããç§ç°æ¹é¢ãšã®åè»ãšçµ±åãããäžããé
ç°é§
âåŒåé§
éã®åè»ã«ãäžããåŒåé§
âç§ç°é§
éã®åè»ãšãªã£ãããã®åè»ã¯åŸã«äžããç§ç°å§çºãšãªãã2010幎12æ4æ¥ã®ãã€ã€æ¹æ£ã§ç§ç°é§
- 倧通é§
éãšå€§é€šé§
- 鿣®é§
éã®åè»ã«åå²ãããããããŠãã®æ¹æ£ã§ãæ°ãã«å€§é€šé§
- åŒåé§
éãæ¯æ¥é転ã®èšæåè»(äžã倧通çº12æå°ãäžãåŒåçº10æå°)ãšãªã倧通é§
- 鿣®é§
éã®åè»ã1åŸåŸ©æ°èšãããã2014幎3æ15æ¥ã®ãã€ã€æ¹æ£ã§åŒåé§
ã§ç³»çµ±åå²ããã倧通é§
- åŒåé§
éã®æ¯æ¥é転ã®èšæåè»ã¯äžã倧通çº11æå°ãäžãåŒåçº9æå°ã«èšå®æå»ãç¹°ãäžããããã
ãªãããã®åºéã¯æ°å¹¹ç·ä»¥å€ã®åšæ¥ç·åªçåè»ãèµ°ãæ°å°ãªãåºéãšãªã£ãŠããã2016幎3æ26æ¥æ¹æ£æç¹ã§ã¯ä»¥äžã®åè»ãèšå®ãããŠããããã¹ãŠæŒè¡åè»ã
ãã€ãŠã1992幎7æã®å±±åœ¢æ°å¹¹ç·éæ¥ã«äŒŽãã山圢é§
- æ°åºé§
ã»ç§ç°é§
éãéè¡ããç¹æ¥ãããŸããããèšå®ãããŠããã山圢æ°å¹¹ç·ãšã®é£çµ¡ç¹æ¥ãšããŠã®ååšã倧ããã£ãããå¹³æ¥ã®æ¥äžãäžå¿ã«ä¹é客ãå°ãªã(ãšãããæ°åºé§
以åã¯éæ£ãšããŠãã)ããŸãç¹æ¥ã§ãããªããåè»é§
ãæ¯èŒçå€ããç¹æ¥æéãããããæ¯æã£ãŠä¹è»ããæçŸ©ã«ã€ããŠã®æ²¿ç·äœæ°ããã®æèŠãããã1997幎3æã®ç§ç°æ°å¹¹ç·éæ¥ãæ©ã«å€§éšåã®é転åºéã山圢é§
- æ°åºé§
ã»æšªæé§
éã«ççž®ããã1999幎3æã®å±±åœ¢æ°å¹¹ç·æ°åºå»¶äŒžå·¥äºãæ©ã«æ°åºé§
- ç§ç°é§
éã®å¿«éåè»ãžãšä»£ãã£ãããããŸãããã¯å
šåºéBç¹æ¥æéãé©çšãããŠãããããç§ç°é§
- 倧æ²é§
éã§äžŠèµ°ããç§ç°æ°å¹¹ç·ãããŸã¡ã(Aç¹æ¥æéé©çš)ãšã¯ç¹æ¥æéãç°ãªã£ãŠããã
2016幎3æ26æ¥ã®åæµ·éæ°å¹¹ç·éæ¥åã«ã¯ãå幎3æ21æ¥ãŸã§æ°é森é§
- 鿣®é§
éã§ãæ°é森é§
- åœé€šé§
éã®ç¹æ¥ãçœé³¥ãã»ãã¹ãŒããŒçœé³¥ããé転ãããŠããã
ãªããæ°éæ£®é§
- 鿣®é§
éã¯ç¹äŸãšããŠããã®åºéã®ã¿å¯å°ç¹æ¥ãé€ãç¹æ¥åè»ã«ä¹è»ããå Žåã¯ä¹è»åžã®ã¿ã§æ®éè»èªç±åžã«ä¹è»å¯èœã§ããã2010幎12æã®ç¹äŸå®æœåœåãã鿥18ãã£ã·ããªã©ã®äžéšã®ç¹å¥äŒç»ä¹è»åžã«ã¯ãã®ç¹äŸã¯é©çšãããªãã£ããã2012幎å€å£ããç¹äŸãé©çšãããããã«ãªã£ãã
2014幎3ææ¹æ£æç¹ã§ã®å®æè²šç©åè»ã¯ãç§ç°é§
- æ°é森é§
- 鿣®ä¿¡å·å ŽéãååŽé§
- ç§ç°æž¯é§
éã§éè¡ãããŠãããæšªæé§
- ç§ç°é§
éãäºæ¥å
èš±ã¯æããŠããããæšªæãªãã¬ãŒã«ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³çºçã®ãã©ãã¯äŸ¿ãããã®ã¿ã§ãå®æè²šç©åè»ã®éè¡ã¯ãªãã
ç§ç°é§
- æ°é森é§
- 鿣®ä¿¡å·å Žéã¯ãåè¿°ã®ããã«æ¥æ¬æµ·çžŠè²«ç·ã®äžéšãæããŠããã貚ç©èŒžéãçãã§ãããåœè©²åºéã®å€§åã®è²šç©åè»ã¯ãEF81åœ¢é»æ°æ©é¢è»ãEF510åœ¢é»æ°æ©é¢è»ãçœåŒããã³ã³ããè»ã§ç·šæãããé«é貚ç©åè»ã§ãããåœè©²åºéã®ã³ã³ããåãæ±ãé§
ã¯ãç§ç°è²šç©é§
ã倧通é§
ãåŒåé§
ã§ããã
ååŽé§
- ç§ç°æž¯é§
éã¯ã1æ¥3åŸåŸ©(ãã¡2æ¬ã¯äŒæ¥éäŒ)ã®è²šç©åè»ããç§ç°è²šç©é§
çºçã§éè¡ãããã
æ®éåè»ã«ã¯ç§ç°ç·åè»äž¡ã»ã³ã¿ãŒåç§ç°ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã«æå±ãã701ç³»0ã»100çªå°ãå
šåºéã§äœ¿çšãããã»ããæ°åºé§
- ç宀å·é§
éã®äžéšã®åºéåè»ã«éžçŸœæ±ç·ã»éžçŸœè¥¿ç·ã®éåãéçšãšããŠãã110ç³»æ°åè»(å°çç°éèŒžåºæå±)ãç§ç°é§
- 远åé§
éã§ç·é¹¿ç·çŽéåè»ã«EV-E801ç³»è黿± é»è»ãç§ç°é§
- æ±èœä»£é§
éã»åŒåé§
- 鿣®é§
éã§äºèœç·çŽéåè»ãäºèœç·ã»æŽ¥è»œç·ãžã®éã蟌ã¿éçšãšããŠGV-E400ç³»æ°åè»ãç§ç°é§
- æ±èœä»£é§
éã»åŒåé§
- 鿣®é§
éã§äºèœç·çŽéã®èšæå¿«éåè»ããªãŸãŒããããã¿ãã«HB-E300ç³»æ°åè»ã䜿çšãããã
èµ·ç¹ã§ããçŠå³¶é§
ãã米沢é§
ãŸã§ã®åºéã¯ããããå³ è¶ãã§ãåé«ãæ¿è°·å³ ãè¶ãããåŸç¯ã§ãè§ŠããŠããããããã¯èžæ°æ©é¢è»æä»£ããã®é£æã§ãããé»åã»é«éåããã³æšæºè»åã«ããããæ°å¹¹ç·ãçŽéé転ãããããã«ãªã£ãåŸããå¬å£ã¯éªå®³ã«ããé
å»¶ãéäŒãçããããã米沢é§
ããç§ç°é§
ãŸã§ã¯ã»ãŒå¥¥çŸœå±±èã®è¥¿åŽã«æ²¿ãæ§ãªåœ¢ã§é²è·¯ããšããéäžã山圢é§
ãŸã§ã¯èµçé£å³°ã®å±±ã
ã山圢é§
ããå
ã¯ãã°ããæå±±ã®å±±ãæã¿ãªããåäžãããç§ç°é§
ããç·é¹¿ç·ãšåå²ãã远åããããŸã§ã¯æµ·ããèŠããªããæ¥æ¬æµ·æ²¿ããéããæ±èœä»£é§
ãŸã§å
«éæœã®æ±å²žãéããæ±èœä»£é§
ããé²è·¯ãæ±ã«ãšã倧通é§
ãéãããšåã³å¥¥çŸœå±±èã«æ²¿ã圢ã§åäžãç¢ç«å³ ãè¶ãããè¶ããåŸã¯åŒåé§
ã»æµªå²¡é§
ãªã©ã®æŽ¥è»œå¹³éã®äžã西åŽã«å²©æšå±±ãæã¿ãªããèµ°ã鿣®é§
ãžãšè³ãã
ããã§ã¯é§
åããã³äž»èŠãªé§
ã®ããçšã®ã¿èšèŒããã廿¢é§
ã»å»æ¢ä¿¡å·å Žã¯åŸç¯åç
§ãæ¥ç¶è·¯ç·ãªã©ã®è©³çްã¯ã山圢ç·#é§
äžèЧããåç
§ããŸã山圢æ°å¹¹ç·ãã€ã°ããã®åè»é§
ã¯ã山圢æ°å¹¹ç·ãããã³ãã€ã°ã (åè»)ããåç
§ã
( ) å
ã¯èµ·ç¹ããã®å¶æ¥ããã
çŠå³¶é§
(0.0km) - 笹æšéé§
- åºåé§
- æ¿è°·é§
- å³ é§
- 倧沢é§
- 颿 ¹é§
- 米沢é§
(40.1km) - 眮è³é§
- é«ç é§
- 赀湯é§
(56.1km) - (å赀湯信å·å Ž) - äžå·é§
- 矜åäžå±±é§
- ãã¿ã®ããŸæž©æ³é§
- èåèšå¿µé€šåé§
- èµçé§
- 山圢é§
(87.1km) - å山圢é§
- 矜ååæ³é§
(91.9km) - ååºçŸœé§
- æŒå±±é§
- 髿¶é§
- 倩童åé§
- 倩童é§
- ä¹±å·é§
- ç¥çºé§
- ãããããŒæ±æ ¹é§
- æ±æ ¹é§
- æå±±é§
(113.5km) - è¢åŽé§
- 倧ç³ç°é§
- å倧ç³ç°é§
- èŠæ²¢é§
- è圢é§
- æ°åºé§
(148.6km)
2022å¹ŽåºŠã®æç¹ã§ãJRæ±æ¥æ¬èªç€Ÿã«ããä¹è»äººå¡éèšã®é€å€å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªãé§
(å®å
šãªç¡äººé§
ã幎床éäžã«ç¡äººãšãªã£ãé§
ãå«ã))ã¯ãæ³ç°é§
ã»çŸœåè±éé§
ã»éæ·µé§
ã»å€§æ»é§
ã»åäœé§
ã»é¢å
é§
ã»æšªå é§
ã»äžé¢é§
ã»äžæ¹¯æ²¢é§
ã»äžæ¹¯æ²¢é§
ã»ééé§
ã»æ³ç°é§
ã»åŸäžå¹Žé§
ã»å€§åŒµéé§
ã»åãå°å±é§
ã§ããã
2022å¹ŽåºŠã®æç¹ã§ãJRæ±æ¥æ¬èªç€Ÿã«ããä¹è»äººå¡éèšã®é€å€å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªãé§
(å®å
šãªç¡äººé§
)ã¯ãæ³å€æå·é§
ã»äžé£¯å³¶é§
ã»é¯å·é§
ã»åé岡é§
ã»é¶Žåœ¢é§
ã»å¯æ ¹é§
ã»åå±±é§
ã»ç³ æ²¢é§
ã»äžå·æ²¿é§
ã»çœæ²¢é§
ã»é£å Žé§
ã»æŽ¥è»œæ¹¯ã®æ²¢é§
ã»é·å³°é§
ã»ç³å·é§
ã»æ«çåé§
ã»å·éšé§
ã»å€§é迊é§
ã»é¶Žã±åé§
ã»æŽ¥è»œæ°åé§
ã§ããã
éå»ã®æ¥ç¶è·¯ç·
éå»ã®æ¥ç¶è·¯ç·
é§
ã«å€æŽãããä¿¡å·å Žã¯é€ãã
å幎床ã®å¹³åéé人å¡(人/æ¥)ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã(çŠå³¶ - æ°åºéã¯å±±åœ¢æ°å¹¹ç·ãå€§æ² - ç§ç°éã¯ç§ç°æ°å¹¹ç·ãå«ãã)
å幎床ã®çµå¶ç¶æ³ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã100äžå以äžã®ç«¯æ°ã¯åãæšãŠã
äžèšã®åºéã¯å©çšè
ãå€ãåºéã§çµå¶ç¶æ³ã¯é瀺ãããŠããªãã
ãã以å€ã®äžèšã®åºéãèµ€åã§ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E7%BE%BD%E6%9C%AC%E7%B7%9A
|
8,084 |
ãžã£ã¬ã³
|
æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãžã£ã¬ã³(JALECO LTD.)ã¯ããã€ãŠååšããæ¥æ¬ã®ã²ãŒã éçºäŒç€Ÿã
1974幎10æ3æ¥ãæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãžã£ãã³ã¬ãžã£ãŒãšããŠæ±äº¬éœæžè°·åºã§åµæ¥ã嵿¥è
ã¯é沢矩ç§(1945幎11æ12æ¥ - )ã1983幎3æã«æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãžã£ã¬ã³ã«æ¹ç§°ããäžç°è°·åºã«æ¬ç€Ÿã移転ã
ãããœã³ããã ã³ãã¿ã€ããŒãã³ãããã«ãã³ã³ãšãšãã«ãã¡ããªãŒã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®åæãµãŒãããŒãã£ãŒ6瀟ã®äžè§ã§ã任倩å ã¯ããã6瀟ãåªéããŠããã
1988幎3æã«ã³ãŒãã¬ãŒãã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ãå°å
¥ãããåœéç§åŠæè¡å芧äŒã§ã·ã³ãã«ããŒã¯ããã¶ã€ã³ããç°äžäžå
ã«ãããã®ã§ãäžæ¬ã®æ³¢ç·ãå
¥ã£ãããŽãšãªã£ãŠããããã®æ³¢ç·ã¯ããšã³ã¿ãã€ã³ã¡ã³ããããã¯ãããžãŒããã¯ãªãšã€ãã£ããã£ãã衚ããŠããããªãã2004幎ã«ç€ŸåããPCCW Japanããããžã£ã¬ã³ã«æ»ããŠããã¯ããŽã床ã
倿Žãããããã·ãã£ã³ãã¯ã·ã§ã³ãæš©å©ãååŸããŠããã®ãžã£ã¬ã³é¢é£è£œåã¯æ³¢ç·ããŽã䜿çšããŠããã
ãã€ãŠã¯ã¢ãŒã±ãŒãã²ãŒã ã®éçºè²©å£²ãã¢ãã¥ãŒãºã¡ã³ãæœèšãã®ã£ã¬ããœããyou&youãã®éå¶ãäžè¬å®¶åºåãã®ãã¢ãµãŒããŒãJAQNOãã©ã³ãã§ã®ã¢ã¯ã¢ãªãŠã çšåã補é 販売ããŠãããæçæã«ã¯äžç°è°·åºæ°çº(åœé246å·ç·æ²¿ã)ã«çŽå¶åºãMIZUKUSAå¶æ¥œéšããæ§ããŠããããããã¯ããããçŸåšã¯æ€éãæ¥å移管æžã¿ã§ããã
2000幎ã«ãéŠæž¯ã®ãã·ãã£ãã¯ã»ã»ã³ãã¥ãªãŒã»ãµã€ããŒã¯ãŒã¯ã¹(PCCW, é»èšçç§)ã®è²·åãåãã瀟åãããã·ãã£ãã¯ã»ã»ã³ãã¥ãªãŒã»ãµã€ããŒã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ã»ãžã£ãã³æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã(PCCW Japan)ã«å€æŽããã
2004幎1æ25æ¥ã«ãåã³ãæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãžã£ã¬ã³ãã«ç€Ÿåãæ»ããã2005幎ã«ã¯ãäž»èŠæ ªäž»ãéŠæž¯ã®PCCWããSandringham Fund SPC Limitedã«å€æŽã
2006幎7æ3æ¥ä»ãã§ãåŸæ¥ã®æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãžã£ã¬ã³(åä»£ãæ§ãžã£ã¬ã³)ãã²ãŒã äºæ¥ã«ã€ããŠäŒç€Ÿåå²(ç°¡æåå²)ãè¡ããã2代ç®ãæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãžã£ã¬ã³ãæ°èšãæ§ãžã£ã¬ã³ã¯æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãžã£ã¬ã³ã»ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã«ç€Ÿå倿ŽããŠãææ ªäŒç€Ÿå¶ãžç§»è¡ããªãããžã£ã¬ã³ã»ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¯ãåŒãç¶ãJASDAQã«äžå Ž(éæã³ãŒã:7954)ããããŸãããžã£ã¬ã³ã»ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã®çµå¶é£ã¯ã瀟é·ã§ãã矜ç°å¯ãçé ã«æ§ã©ã€ããã¢é¢ä¿è
ã倿°éçµããŠãããäžåç£æ¥ãéèæ¥(蚌åžãFXååŒ)ãšãã£ãæè³é¢ä¿ã®æ¥åãã¡ã€ã³ã§ãã²ãŒã éšéã®å£²äžãã¯10%ã»ã©ã ã£ãã
2009幎1æ15æ¥ãæ©æçµå¶æ¹åãèŠèŸŒããªãããšãããžã£ã¬ã³ã®å
šæ ªåŒã1åã§ãžã£ã¬ã³ã»ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ããææºå
ã®ã²ãŒã ã€ããŠæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã«å£²åŽãããã²ãŒã ã€ããŠã®å®å
šåäŒç€Ÿãšãªã£ãããã®éããžã£ã¬ã³ã»ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¯ããžã£ã¬ã³ã«å¯Ÿãã貞ä»é16å9000äžåã®ãã¡9å9000äžåãæŸæ£ããŠãããã€ãŸããã²ãŒã ã€ããŠã¯ãžã£ã¬ã³ã®7ååã®è² åµãåŒãç¶ã代ããã«åç®äž1åã§å
šæ ªåŒã賌å
¥ãããšããäºã§ããããªãããžã£ã¬ã³ã»ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¯ãã®åŸã®2009幎4æãEMCOMããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¹ã«ç€Ÿå倿ŽããŠããã
2013幎ã«ã¯äºå®äžã®äºæ¥åæ¢ç¶æ
ãšãªããå
¬åŒãŠã§ããµã€ããééã
2014幎5æ21æ¥ã芪äŒç€Ÿã§ããã²ãŒã ã€ããŠããæ±äº¬å°æ¹è£å€æã«ãããŠç Žç£æç¶ãéå§ãè² åµç·é¡ã¯çŽ22å4000äžåãšå ±éãããŠãããããã«äŒŽããžã£ã¬ã³ã¯åå®å
±ã«æ¶æ»
ããã
2013幎å€ãããæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã·ãã£ã³ãã¯ã·ã§ã³ããžã£ã¬ã³è£œã¿ã€ãã«ã®ç¥çè²¡ç£æš©(ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹)ãç¶æ¿ããã®åŸãã·ãã£ã³ãã¯ã·ã§ã³ç€Ÿãä»ç€Ÿã«ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ã貞äžãã圢ã§ããžã£ã¬ã³IPã¿ã€ãã«ã®å®¶åºçšã²ãŒã æ©ã»ã¹ããŒããã©ã³ã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãªã©ãžã®ç§»æ€ãè¡ãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B3
|
8,087 |
ã¢ã€ã¬ã ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°
|
ã¢ã€ã¬ã ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ(è±: IREM SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INC.)ã¯ãã¢ã€ã¬ã (irem)ã®ãã©ã³ãåã§ååå±éãè¡ã£ãŠããæ¥æ¬ã®ã²ãŒã äŒç€Ÿããªãã³ã«æ åå¶äœã¡ãŒã«ãŒãEIZOæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã®å®å
šåäŒç€Ÿãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãšã³ã¿ãŒãã€ã³ã¡ã³ãåäŒæ£äŒå¡ã
ãã€ãŠãããª(çŸã»EIZO)ã¯åäžã«ã¢ã€ã¬ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãæã¡ãã²ãŒã éçºã«æºãã£ãŠãããããã¬ãžã§ã³ãã»ãªãã»ããŒããŒã»ãã³ããããã²ãªããªãã£ã¯å³¶ã«ãããåœå®¶è亡è«ããªã©ãçºå£²äžæ¢ã«çµãã£ããã¡ããªãŒã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿äœåãå€ãã1994幎ã«ã²ãŒã éçºããäžæŠæ€éãããã²ãŒã éçºãåéããã«ãããã100%åäŒç€ŸãšããŠã¢ã€ã¬ã ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãèšç«ãã¢ã€ã¬ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿããã²ãŒã äºæ¥ãåã³çæš©ãè²ãåããã
æ§ã¢ã€ã¬ã æä»£ããã®äœåãå€§å·¥ã®æºãããã¯ä»ã«ãŠã§ãã¢ãã¡åã³ã³ã³ã·ã¥ãŒããŒã²ãŒã ãšããŠãå¶äœãããŠããã
2006幎5æãæ±äº¬éœæž¯åºèµ€åã«æ±äº¬éçºå®€ãéèšãããå幎7æãé信販売ãµã€ããã¢ã€ã¬ã 暪äžãã®éå¶ãéå§ã
2011幎3æãæ±æ¥æ¬å€§éçœãªã©è«žã
ã®äºæ
ã§éçºäžã®ã²ãŒã ã¿ã€ãã«ãéçºäžæ¢ãšåæã«ã5æã«ãã¢ã€ã¬ã 暪äžãã®çµäºå®£èšããµã€ãå
ã®ã³ã³ãã³ãã®çž®å°ã8æ11æ¥ã«PlayStation Homeã®ã©ãŠã³ãž(ãœããŒã»ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãšã³ã¿ãã€ã³ã¡ã³ãã«æ¬¡ãæ°ã®ã©ãŠã³ãžãèšçœ®ããŠãã)ã®å€§å¹
ãªçž®å°ãè¡ãããã
ãŸããR-TYPEã·ãªãŒãºçãããŒãã£ã«ã³ã³ãœãŒã«ã»PlayStation Storeã«ãŠé
ä¿¡ãããŠãããœããã®å€§åãé
ä¿¡çµäºãšãªãã以åããææºããŠããäžæŽç©ç£ã®ããã³ã³ã»ããã¹ãé¢é£ã®ãœãããäžå¿ãšããäºæ¥å±éã«å€§ããèµãåã£ãŠãã(ãã®éçšã§ããããã©ã·ãªãŒãºã®éçºã¯ç¶ç¶)ã2013幎ã«ã¯ã¢ããªéçºãè¡ã£ãŠããã2017幎ã§ã¯ããã³ã³ã»ããã¹ã以å€ã®ãœããã«éçºååãšããŠåå ã
ãã¿ããªã§ã¹ãã©ã³ã«ãŒããå§ããšããã¹ãã©ã³ã«ãŒã®æš©å©é¢ä¿ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãå
ã¢ã€ã¬ã 瀟å¡ãèšç«ããTozai Gamesãžé
ä¿¡å
ã移管ãããã
2011幎4æã乿¡äžéЬãäžéšã®ã¹ã¿ãããé瀟ãç¬ç«ããŠæ°ãã«ã²ãŒã äŒç€Ÿã°ã©ã³ãŒãŒã©ãèšç«ããã代衚åç· åœ¹ã¯ãã¢ã€ã¬ã 暪äžãã®è²¬ä»»è
ãåããåååãããã«é¢ããŠããã€ãŠã®é¢ä¿è
ã§ãã乿¡ãšäº€åé¢ä¿ã®ããçš²èæŠå¿ãã5æ25æ¥ã«Twitterã§ã€ã¶ãããããšã§åºãŸã£ãã
以åã®ã¢ã€ã¬ã (çŸ:ã¢ããšã¹)ã®äœåãåç
§ã
ããã³ã³ã»ã¹ãããé¢ä¿(ãããã©ã·ãªãŒãº(äžæŽããã³ã³ãã©ãã€ã¹ã·ãªãŒãº))
å
¬åŒãµã€ãã§ã¯1998幎ããæ¯å¹Ž4æ1æ¥ã«ãšã€ããªã«ããŒã«äŒç»ãæ«é²ãããŠããã幎ãçµãããšã«ã次第ã«å£®å€§ãã€æŽŸæãªãã®ã«ãªã£ãŠããã2011幎ã¯è«žè¬ã®äºæ
ã«ããäžæ¢ãšãªã£ããæ±æ¥æ¬å€§éçœã«äŒŽãèªç²ãšæãããã
乿¡äžéЬåšç±åœæã¯ããã®äŒç»ã®ããã«ãå幎11æé ãã瀟å
ã§æºåãéå§ãããããããªãæã®èŸŒãã ãã®ãäœã£ã幎ããã£ãããŸããç»å Žãããã®ã®ãã¡ãããã€ãã¯ã¢ã€ã¬ã ã®ã²ãŒã å
ã§ç»å ŽããŠãã(ãã©ãã©ããããã§ããã¯ãã¢ã€ã¬ã HPå
ã®4ã³ã挫ç»ã®é¡æã«ãªã£ãŠãã)ãäžè¿°ã®ã¢ã€ã¬ã 暪äžã«ã€ããŠããåæ§ã«ãžã§ãŒã¯ååã玹ä»ããããŸããã¢ã€ã¬ã ã¯Playstation Homeã«å€ãã®ã©ãŠã³ãžãèšçœ®ããŠããããããããã®å Žæã§ããªããžã§ã¯ããæžãå€ããã€ãã³ããè¡ãããŠããã
äŒæ¥ç³»ãµã€ãããšã€ããªã«ããŒã«äŒç»ã仿ããå
é§ãã§ããããšèšãããŠããããšã€ããªã«ããŒã«äŒç»ã仿ããæ¥æ¬ã®äŒæ¥ç³»ãµã€ãããªã¹ãã¢ãããããéãåè°·ããçãšäžŠãã§ãã³ãã³å€§ããåãèŒãã»ã©ã§ãã£ãã
äžã§ã2001幎ã®ãšã€ããªã«ããŒã«äŒç»ã§ãã£ãæ¶ç©ºã®ææã²ãŒã ãã©ãã©ããããã§ããã¯ãã¢ã€ã¬ã ã®ãµã€ãã³ã³ãã³ãã«ããã³ãã³ç»å Žãã2011幎ã«çŸå®ã®ã²ãŒã ãœãããšããŠçºå£²ãããããšã«ãªã£ãã
2011幎ããšã€ããªã«ããŒã«äŒç»ãäž»å°ãã乿¡äžéЬããé瀟ãã¢ã€ã¬ã ã®ãµã€ãããéå»(2010幎以å)ã®ãšã€ããªã«ããŒã«äŒç»ã®ã³ã³ãã³ããåé€ãããã2012幎ã«ã¯ãšã€ããªã«ããŒã«äŒç»ãåéãããèŠæš¡ã¯çž®å°ããã2013幎ã¯å
šãè¡ãããªãã£ãã
ã¢ã€ã¬ã 暪äžã§ãããç®çãã®ãªãå床åšããšãã£ãååã売ãããŠããããæ±äº¬ã²ãŒã ã·ã§ãŠã«åºå±ãããšãã«ã¯ãåè¿°ããå®ç©å€§ã®ããããããŒã¯ã«ã鿬ããŠãããããããã¶ããããã£ãæ¬ãã¢ã€ã¬ã ã¶ãããããé
åžããããããã«ã¯èŠªäŒç€Ÿã§ãããããªã®åŸæåéã§ãããã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ãã¢ã·ã¥ã©ãã®å
¬éãªã©ãã®ã£ã°ãå€ãã
2010å¹Žã®æ±äº¬ã²ãŒã ã·ã§ãŠã§ã¯ãéåžžã®ã²ãŒã ã¡ãŒã«ãŒãšããŠã®åºå±ãšç©è²©ããŒã¹ãžã®ãã¢ã€ã¬ã 暪äžãåºå±ã«å ããŠã飲é£ããŒã¹ã§æ°äœã¿ã€ãã«ãçµ¶äœçµ¶åœéœåž4ããšéæ²¢ã«ã¬ãŒãã³ã©ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ããããçµ¶äœçµ¶åœã«ã¬ãŒãã販売ãã±ãŒã¿ãªã³ã°å°éæ¥è
ãžã®å§èšã§ã¯ãªãèªç€Ÿéå¶ã§ãé åæžã«ã¯ãã¢ã€ã¬ã ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãã®å€ãæŒãããŠããããŸããã®ã«ã¬ãŒã®è²©å£²ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã¢ã€ã¬ã ã¶ããããã§ã玹ä»ãããŠããã
ãªããPS Storeã«ãŠãã¢ã€ã¬ã ã¶ããã ããžã¿ã«çãã2011幎1æ27æ¥ã«åµåããããããžã¿ã«çã«ã¯ä»é²ãä»ããŠããå
容ãšãªã£ãŠããã
äžèšã®ãšã€ããªã«ããŒã«äŒç»ãã¯ãããã¢ã€ã¬ã ã®ãµã€ãã®æŽå²ã¯ããªãé·ãããã®ãµãé4ã³ãå°åã¯ã1998幎ããæ¯é±è¿œå æŽæ°ããã2009幎1æ18æ¥çŸåšã500åãè¶
ããé·æé£èŒãšãªã£ãŠããã ã»ãšãã©ã®å
容ã瀟å¡ã®ææžãã«ãããã®ã§ããããã®å
容ãã¢ã€ã¬ã 暪äžã®ç©è²©ç¹å
žãéçºç°å¢ã«é¢ããå
茪åãã®ãã®ããã2010幎ãŸã§æ¬ç€Ÿããã£ãç³å·çãå
Ό
åã«é¢ãããã®ãããã£ããããããããã¹ãã©ã³ã«ãŒå
çããšèšã£ãèªç€Ÿã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã顿ã«ãããã®ãªã©æ§ã
ã§ãããå°å³ãªãããèã
ãšç¶ãã³ã³ãã³ãã§ããã557åç®ã§ãšã³ã¿ãŒãã¬ã€ã³ããé£èŒããŸãšãã1åã®æ¬ãšããŠçºå£²ã®äºå®ãåç¥ããæŒ«ç»ãé£èŒããã2009幎7æ1æ¥ã«ãã¹ãã©ã³ã«ãŒå
ç ã¢ã€ã¬ã çºç¹æ°ãµãé4ã³ãå°åããšããŠåè¡ãããã
2011幎3æã«ãçµ¶äœçµ¶åœéœåž4ãã®çºå£²äžæ¢åç¥ããªãããéãååã®ããŒãžã¯éçºè
ãç¶Žãæ¥èšã®ã³ãŒããŒãšãšãã«åé€ãããã
2015幎4æã«ã¯ãIREMã²ã¿ã€æ
å ±å±ããšããåœ¢ã§æ¥èšãåéããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BD%E3%83%95%E3%83%88%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0
|
8,089 |
èªç©º
|
èªç©º(ãããã)ãšã¯ãäœããã®è£
眮ãçšããŠé£è¡ããããšã§ããã
èªç©ºãšããèšèã¯ãã©ã³ã¹èªãèªæºãšãã "aviation" ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããæ¥æ¬èªã§ãããaviation ã¯é³¥ãæå³ãã "avis" ãšæ¥å°ŸèŸã® "-ation" ãçµã¿åãããèšèã§ããã
é£è¡ã«çšããè£
眮ãèªç©ºæ©ãšèšãã空æ°ãã軜ãã軜èªç©ºæ©ããšç©ºæ°ããéããéèªç©ºæ©ãã«åé¡ãããèªç©ºãšããèšèã¯äžè¬ã«éèªç©ºæ©ã®é£è¡ã«é¢ããŠçšããããã軜èªç©ºæ©ã«ã¯æ°çãé£è¡è¹ãå«ãŸããéèªç©ºæ©ã«ã¯åºå®ç¿Œãå転翌ãåããé£è¡æ©ãã°ã©ã€ããŒãããªã³ãã¿ãŒãªã©ãå«ãŸããã
èªç©ºã¯ãã®ç®çã«ããããæ°éèªç©ºããšãè»äºèªç©ºãã«åããããšãã§ãããæ°éèªç©ºã¯è»äºèªç©ºä»¥å€ã®å
šãŠã®èªç©ºæŽ»åãæããèªç©ºèŒžéãèªç©ºæ©ãçšãã調æ»ã»æž¬éãèªç©ºã¹ããŒããªã©ãå«ãŸãããèŠå¯ãæ¶é²ãæµ·äžä¿å®åºãªã©ã®å
¬çãªèªç©ºæŽ»åã¯æ°éèªç©ºã«å«ãããæ¿åºãçŽèœããæé£ã»ç£èŠç®çã®æŽ»åã¯å«ãŸããªãå Žåãããã
èªç©ºã«é¢ããç£æ¥ãèªç©ºç£æ¥ãã«ã¯ãèªç©ºæ©ã®èšèšã»çç£ã»è²©å£²ã»ã¡ã³ããã³ã¹ã«æºãããèªç©ºæ©ç£æ¥ãã人ã貚ç©çã茞éãããèªç©ºééãããããŠèªç©ºæ©ãçšããŠéé以å€ã®è¬å€æ£åžãåçæ®åœ±ãåºå宣äŒãªã©ãè¡ããç£æ¥èªç©ºããå«ãŸãããèªç©ºãã·ã¹ãã ãšããŠèŠããšãèªç©ºæ©ã®è£œé è
ãèªç©ºæ©ã®éçšè
(èªç©ºäŒç€Ÿãªã©)ã ãã§ãªããæ¿åºãåœéæ©é¢ã倧åŠã»ç ç©¶æ©é¢ãéèæ©é¢ãªã©ã坿¥ãã€è€éã«é¢ä¿ããŠããã
èªç©ºã«é¢ããåŠååéã«ã¯ãèªç©ºã®ããã®æè¡ããã³ç§åŠã®ããããç ç©¶åéãå«ããåºãåŠåãšããŠãèªç©ºåŠãããããé£è¡ããèªç©ºæ©ã®åéšã«åã空æ°åããã®éåãæ±ããèªç©ºååŠãããèªç©ºæ©ã®èšèšã詊éšã補é ããã³éçšãæ±ããèªç©ºå·¥åŠããªã©ãããã
èªç©ºã®æŽå²ãèªç©ºå²ãšèšããèªç©ºãé¢é£ããäºæ
ãèªç©ºäºæ
ãšèšãã
èªç©ºã®æŽå²ããèªç©ºå²ããšèšãã
æŠç¥ãèšããšãããããäžäžã®æ»ç©ºæ©ã®å®éšã®æŽå²ããå§ãŸããç±æ°çãé£è¡è¹ã®éçºã»éèªãªã©ã®æŽå²ãçµãŠããã®åŸã®é£è¡æ©ä»ã®å€çš®å€æ§ãªèªç©ºæ©ã«ãŸã€ããèšå€§ãªéã®è«žæŽ»åãããã«å«ãŸãããèªç©ºæ©ç£æ¥ãèªç©ºäŒç€Ÿã®æŽå²ãèªç©ºè¡æ¿ã®æŽå²ãããã«ã¯å«ãŸãããåºãã¯ãæ¥æ¬èªã§ãèªç©ºå®å®ç£æ¥ããªã©ãšåŒã°ããé åã®æŽå²ãå«ã¿ããã®å Žåã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ãªã©ã®èšèšã»éçºã»éçšçã®æŽå²ãããã«ã¯å«ãŸããã
æ°éèªç©º(è±: civil aviation)ãšã¯ãè»äºèªç©ºä»¥å€ã®å
šãŠã®èªç©ºã®ç·ç§°ã§ãããäžè¬èªç©ºãšèªç©ºééäºæ¥ã«åãããããæ¥æ¬ã®èªç©ºæ³ã¯è±èš³ã§Civil Aeronautics Actãšãªã£ãŠããéããæ°éèªç©ºã«å¯Ÿããæ³åŸã§ããã
åœéçã«ã¯ãåœéæ°éèªç©ºæ©é¢ (ICAO)ããæèœèšŒæãèªç©ºèŠåãæ°è±¡ãèªç©ºå³ãèšæž¬åäœãéèªå®å
šãç»é²ãè空æ§ã空枯ã§ã®åºå
¥åœãéä¿¡è£
眮ã亀é管å¶ã®éçšãé飿å©ãäºæ
調æ»ãé£è¡å Žèšèšãèªç©ºæ
å ±åéã»äŒéã®æ¹æ³ãç°å¢ä¿è·ãèªç©ºä¿å®ãå±éºç©èŒžéãå®å
šç®¡çã«é¢ããŠåœéåºæºãå§åãã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³ãäœæããŠããã
æ°éäŒæ¥ã«ãã£ãŠå¶ãŸããŠããèªç©ºã®äžã§ããç¹ã«æ
客æ©ãè²šç©æ©ã䜿çšããæ
客ã»è²šç©èŒžéäºæ¥ãæããŠãããèªç©ºééã®æ
ãæãèªç©ºäŒç€Ÿ(ãšã¢ã©ã€ã³)ã§ããã
æ¥æ¬ã®èªç©ºæ³ã§èªç©ºééäºæ¥ã¯ããä»äººã®éèŠã«å¿ããèªç©ºæ©ã䜿çšããŠæåã§æ
客åã¯è²šç©ãééããäºæ¥ããšå®çŸ©ãããåœéèªç©ºééäºæ¥ãšåœå
宿èªç©ºééäºæ¥çã®åºå¥ãããããã€ãŠæ¥æ¬ã®èªç©ºæ³ã¯èªç©ºééäºæ¥ã宿èªç©ºééäºæ¥ãšäžå®æèªç©ºééäºæ¥ã»å©çšèªç©ºééäºæ¥ã«åããŠããããçŸåšãã®åºå¥ã¯ãªããªã£ãŠããã
æ¥æ¬ã®èªç©ºæ³ã§ã¯ããä»äººã®éèŠã«å¿ããèªç©ºæ©ã䜿çšããŠæåã§æ
客åã¯è²šç©ã®éé以å€ã®è¡çºã®è«è² ãè¡ãäºæ¥ããšå®çŸ©ãããŠããã
å
·äœçãªäºæ¥å
容ã¯ãåçæ®åœ±ãå ±éåæãèŸ²è¬æ£åžãæçžŠèšç·Žãéé»ç·å·¡èŠãªã©ã§ãããå転翌æ©(ããªã³ãã¿ãŒ)ã§è¡ãããããšãå€ãã
ãžã§ãã©ã«ã¢ããšãŒã·ã§ã³(è±: general aviation, äžè¬èªç©º)ãšã¯ãæ°éèªç©ºã®ãã¡èªç©ºééäºæ¥ãé€ãããããããèªç©ºæŽ»åãæãæŠå¿µã»çšèªã§ãããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ããžã§ãã¢ãããšç¥ãããããšãããã
ãžã§ãã©ã«ã¢ããšãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ä»¥äžã®4ã€ã«å€§ããåããããã
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯èªå®¶çšæ©ã®æ°ãå°ãªããªã©ã®äºæ
ããããããããžã§ãã¢ãããšèšããªããå°ããç£æ¥èªç©ºããæããŠããããšãããã
è»äºèªç©ºãšã¯ãè»äºã«çšããèªç©ºæ©(è»çšæ©)ã®èšèšã»éçºã»è£œé ã»éçšã»å©çšãæããŠããã
çµæãšããŠãèªç©ºæ©ãå©çšãããçŽæ¥çãªæŠéè¡å(ç©ºäžæŠã»çæãªã©)ããå°äžã»æµ·äžã®è»äºè¡åã®æ¯æŽ(åµå¯ã»èŒžéã»é£çµ¡ãªã©)ãšãã£ãè»ã®æŽ»åãæãã空è»ã®ããã倧ããªå²åãå ããããæµ·è»ãéžè»ãã®ä»ã®è»ãèªç©ºæ©ãå©çšããŠãããããã®æŽ»åãæãã
èªç©ºãé¢é£ããäºæ
ãç¹ã«èªç©ºæ©ã®éèªäžã®äºæ
ãèªç©ºäºæ
ãšèšããäž»ãªãã®ã§ã¯ãå¢èœãäžæçããªãŒããŒã©ã³ãè¡çªãç«çœãªã©ãããã
èªç©ºã«ãããŠã¯ãã€ãŒãã»ãã³ãæ³ç±æ¥ã®åäœã§ãããã£ãŒãããã€ã«(èªç©ºã«ãããŠã¯æµ·éãæã)ãããããæ°Žéæ±ã€ã³ããæšæºçã«äœ¿çšãããŠããããã£ãŒãããã€ã«ããããã¯é£è¡æ©ã®éäžã«ãããŠæ¥µããŠéèŠãã€ç°¡äŸ¿ãªèšç®åŒãäžãããæ°Žéæ±ã€ã³ãã¯é«åºŠèšèŠæ£å€ã®åäœã«çšãããšé«åºŠèšã®è¡šç€ºå€åããããããããªãããã®çºãåœéåäœç³»ãååœã®èšéå¶åºŠã»æ³ä»€ã«ãããŠç®çãéå®ããäžã§äœ¿çšãèªããããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA
|
8,090 |
ãšã³ãã©ã»ãã§ã©ãŒãª
|
ãšã³ãã©ã»ã¢ã³ãŒã«ã¢ã»ãã§ã©ãŒãª(ã€ã¿ãªã¢èª: Enzo Anselmo Ferrari , 1898幎2æ18æ¥ - 1988幎8æ14æ¥)ã¯ãã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®èªåè»ã¡ãŒã«ãŒãã§ã©ãŒãªã®åµèšè
ãF1ã®åéã¹ã¯ãŒããªã¢ã»ãã§ã©ãŒãªã®ãªãŒããŒã§ããã£ãã
æç§°ã¯ã³ã¡ã³ãããŒã¬(ã€ã¿ãªã¢å
±ååœååŽå²ç« ã®å²äžçäœã®åç§°)ãã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¹ããŒãçã®å人ãšããŠãªãŒã«ããã³ãšãç§°ãããã
1898幎ã«ã¢ããã§æ¿éå·¥ã®æ¬¡ç·ã«çãŸãã9æ³ã®ãšãã«èгãå°å
ã¬ãŒã¹ã§ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¹ããŒãã®é
åãç¥ããèªèº«ã¯ãç§ã¯ãªãããã£ããã®ã3ã€ããã1ã€ã¯ãªãã©ææããã1ã€ã¯ã¹ããŒãèšè
ããããŠã¬ãŒãµãŒã ããšåŸå¹Žèªã£ãŠãããé幎æä»£ã«å
šåœã¹ããŒãçŽã¬ãŒãã¿ã»ããã»ã¹ãã«ãã«ãµãã«ãŒæŠè©ãéã£ãããšããã£ãã
1916幎ç
æ°ã§ç¶ããæŠäºã§å
ã亡ãããèªèº«ã城å
µããç¬¬äžæ¬¡äžç倧æŠã«åæŠããããèèçã§æ»ç·ãããŸããããã®çµéšãã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¹ããŒãã«äººçãè³ãã奿©ã«ãªã£ããšããããã
é€éåŸã«ãããªãã®ãã£ã¢ããã§ã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ãã©ã€ããŒã®è·ãæ±ãããããããããã³ã¹ãã«ãã€ã©âäºã»ã¡ã«ãã±ã»ããã£ãªãŒãªã«å
¥ç€Ÿãããå瀟ã®ãã·ã³ããã©ã€ãããã¿ã«ã¬ã»ãããŒãªãªãã§9äœã«ãªããªã©æŽ»èºãã1920幎ã«ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¡ãªã®ãã¹ããã©ã€ããŒãšãªã£ãã
å³åº§ã«ã¬ãŒã¹ãã©ã€ããŒã«ææ Œãããã¿ã«ã¬ã»ãããŒãªãªãã§2äœã«å
¥ãã»ããåœå
ã§ããã€ãã®åå©ãæããŠã¯ãŒã¯ã¹å
¥ãããããæèœçã«ã¯ã¢ã³ãããªã»ã¢ã¹ã«ãŒãª(ã¢ã«ãã«ãã»ã¢ã¹ã«ãªã®ç¶)ããšãŒã¹çŽã«ã¯åã°ãªãã£ãäžã«ãäœèª¿äžè¯ã«æ©ãŸãããã
1924幎ã«ã¯ã«ãŽã¡ãªãšãŒã¬ç« ãã1928幎ã«ã¯ã³ã¡ã³ãããŒã¬ç« ãåå²ãããããŸãã1924幎ã«ã¯å°å
ã®ã¢ããã§ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¡ãªã®è²©å£²ä»£çåºãã«ããããšãªã¢ã»ãšããªã¢ã»ãšã³ãã©ã»ãã§ã©ãŒãªããå§ããã
1929幎12æ1æ¥ã«ãã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ãã©ã€ããŒä»²éãšå
±ååºè³ã§ããœã·ãšã¿ã»ã¢ãããã»ã¹ã¯ãŒããªã¢ã»ãã§ã©ãŒãªããèšç«ããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¡ãªã®ã»ãã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã ãšããŠæŽ»åãå§ããããªãèªããã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ãã©ã€ããŒãšããŠåæŠããããäœèª¿ãå埩ãã1931幎ã«ãã«ã¯ã©ã€ã ã¬ãŒã¹ã«åæŠããã®ãæåŸã«ã1932å¹Žã«æ¯åã¢ã«ãã¬ãŒã(æç§°ãã£ãŒã)ãçãŸããã®ãæ©ã«ãã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ãã©ã€ããŒãšããŠã®ãã£ãªã¢ã«èŠåããã€ããã
ã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ãã©ã€ããŒåŒéåŸã¯ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¡ãªã®ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ã»ããŒã ã®ãããŒãžã£ãŒãåãããã€ãæ¿åºã®å
šé¢çæ¯æŽãåããŠé è§ãçŸããã¡ã«ã»ãã¹ã»ãã³ããã¢ãŠããŠããªã³ãªã©ã®ãã€ãå¢ãåããã«åã奜æçžŸãäžãç¶ããããŸããé¡ãŸããªäº€æžåãçµ±çåã§çµå¶è
ãšããŠé è§ãçŸããå°å
ã¢ããã§ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¡ãªã®è²©å£²ä»£çåºãå¶ã¿ãå·§ã¿ãªæè
ã§è²©å£²ç¶²ãåºããã
ããããçµå¶é£ãšã®è¡çªã§1939幎ã«ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¡ãªãå»ãããã®éã«ã4幎éã¯ããã§ã©ãŒãªãã®åã§ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¹ããŒãã«åæŠããªããšããèªçŽãçµãã ã
1940幎ã«ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¡ãªãšã®èªçŽé
ç®ãé¿ããããã«ãã¢ãŠãã»ã¢ãŽã£ãªã»ã³ã«ãã«ãã£ãªãŒãããšããåã®èªåè»è£œé äŒç€Ÿãã¢ããã«èšç«ããæåã®èªãã®æã«ããã¢ãã«ã815ããçç£ãã4æ28æ¥ããè¡ãããããã¬ã»ããªã¢ã«åæŠããã
ããããã®çŽåŸã®6æ10æ¥ã«ãã€ã¿ãªã¢ãæ¥ç¬äŒé²å
±åå®ãçµãã§ããåçåœã®ãã€ãåœãæ¯æŽããããã«ãã€ã®ãªã¹ãšãã©ã³ã¹ã«å®£æŠåžåãç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠã«åæŠããããã®ããã«ã€ã¿ãªã¢ã«ãããŠã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¹ããŒã掻åãå
šé¢çã«çŠæ¢ããããã¢ãŠãã»ã¢ãŽã£ãªã»ã³ã«ãã«ãã£ãªãŒãããã815ãã®è£œé ãäžæ¢ããå
µåšè£œé ã®ããã®ç²ç æ©ãªã©ã®å·¥äœæ©æ¢°è£œé ãè¡ãããã«ãªã£ãã
ãã®åŸ1943幎8æã«ã€ã¿ãªã¢ãé£ååœã«éäŒããµãæ¿æš©ãèšç«ããããã®ã®ãã€ã¿ãªã¢åéšã¯äºå®äžãã€ãè»ã®å é äžã«ãªã£ãããšããããã¢ããã®å·¥å Žãé£ååœè»æ©ã®ç©ºè¥²ãåããäžã«ãèªåè»è£œé ãã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¹ããŒã掻åã¯åŒãç¶ãçŠæ¢ããããããããšã³ãã©ã¯ãé£ååœè»æ©ã«ãã空襲ãé¿ããã¹ãããŸãæŠåŸã®ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¹ããŒãè§£çŠã«åããŠèªåã®èªåè»å·¥å Žãã¢ããè¿éã®ãã©ãããã«ç§»èšããã
瀟å²ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã§ã©ãŒãª#沿é©ãåç
§
ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸã®1947幎ã«èªç€Ÿè£œã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ã»ãã·ã³ãéçºããèªåè»è£œé äŒç€ŸãšããŠã®ããã§ã©ãŒãªããèšç«ããããã®åŸå人ã®ã«ã€ãžã»ããããã£ã®å§ãããããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¹ããŒãåæŠè³éã皌ãããšãç®çã«ã¬ãŒã·ã³ã°ã»ãã·ã³ãããŒã¹ã«ããé«çŽã¹ããŒãã«ãŒã®è²©å£²ãå§ããã
ã¹ã¯ãŒããªã¢ã»ãã§ã©ãŒãªã¯ã1950幎ããå§ãŸã£ãF1ã«åæŠããæ©ãã1951幎ã«ã¯ãã»ã»ããã€ã©ã³ã»ãŽã³ã¶ã¬ã¹ãååªåããããã®åŸãå€å·£ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¡ãªãç ŽãæŽ»èºãããªã©ãã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®ãã·ã§ãã«ã»ããŒã çååšãšãªã£ãã以åŸã¹ã¯ãŒããªã¢ã»ãã§ã©ãŒãªã®ãã·ã³ã¯ãF1ãã«ã»ãã³24æéã¬ãŒã¹ãããã¬ã»ããªã¢ãã¿ã«ã¬ã»ãããŒãªãªãã«ã¬ã©ã»ããã¡ãªã«ãŒãã»ã¡ãã³ãªã©ã®ç¬¬äžç·ã§èŒãããæçžŸãæ®ããã
ãã«ãŽã¡ãªãŒãã»ã©ã³ãã³ã(è·³ã銬)ãã®ãšã³ãã¬ã ãšççŽ
ã®ãã·ã§ãã«ã«ã©ãŒããŸãšã£ãåžè²©è»ãããã®é«ãæ§èœãšçŸãããã¶ã€ã³ã§1950幎代以éãšãŒãããååœãã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœãæ¥æ¬ãäžæ±ãã¯ãããšããäžçååœãžãã®è²©è·¯ãåºããçæãæ ç»ã¹ã¿ãŒã倧å¯è±ªãªã©ã®æçšã®ãã©ã³ããšããŠæé·ããã
ãã®ããã«ãã§ã©ãŒãªã¯é«ãå声ãåã¡åã£ããã®ã®ãéå°ãªã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¹ããŒããžã®æè³ãåŽäœ¿çŽäºãããã«1961幎11æã«ã¯ã«ã«ãã»ããã£ãäž»èŠã¡ã³ããŒã«ããã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒãåçºãã«ã«ãã»ããã£ããžãªããã»ããã¶ãªãŒãã圹å¡8åããã§ã©ãŒãªãå»ããªã©ã®äºä»¶ãèµ·ããããšã圱é¿ãã1960幎代åé ã«ã¯çµå¶ãèŠå¢ã«é¥ã£ãããã®åŸ1963幎ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœã®ãã©ãŒããšã®éã§è²·å亀æžãé²ãããã調å°å¯žåã§äº€æžã¯æ±ºè£ããã
ãã®åŸ1969幎ã«ããã§ã©ãŒãªã¯ã€ã¿ãªã¢æå€§æã®èªåè»äŒç€Ÿã§ãããã£ã¢ããã®åäžã«å
¥ãããšã§çµå¶ã®å®å®ãå³ãããšã«ãªãããã®åŸãšã³ãã©ã¯äŒé·ã«å°±ä»»ããå
æ¥èå³ã®èãåžè²©è»éšéããã¯äžåã®æãåŒããŠãã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¹ããŒãéšé(ã¹ã¯ãŒããªã¢ã»ãã§ã©ãŒãª)ã®ææ®ã«å°å¿µããã
ãšã³ãã©èªèº«ã¯ã1956å¹Žã®æ¯åãã£ãŒãã®æ»åŸãã£ãã«å
¬ã®å Žã«çŸãããªããªããæ¬æ å°ã¢ãããé¢ããããšããªãã£ãã1973幎ã«ã¯ãã£ã¢ããäžæåºèº«ã®ã«ã«ã»ãã£ã»ã¢ã³ããŒãŒã¢ããã¹ã¯ãŒããªã¢ã»ãã§ã©ãŒãªã®ãããŒãžã£ãŒãšããŠæãå
¥ãããªã©ãããŒã éå¶ã®ç¬¬äžç·ããé¢ããã
ãã®åŸã¯ãã©ã€ããŒéžæãªã©ã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžãç¶ãããã®ã®ãèªç€Ÿã®æ·å°å
ã«ãããã£ãªã©ãã»ãµãŒãããå
ã«ããå¥éžã§ãã¹ãèµ°è¡ãèŠå®ãä»ã¯ãå°å
ã€ã¿ãªã¢GPã®ç·Žç¿èµ°è¡ã«ã¯é¡ãèŠãããããã以å€ã¯ããŒã ãããŒãžã£ãŒããé»è©±å ±åãåããæ±ºåã¬ãŒã¹ã¯ãã¬ãäžç¶ãèŠãŠãããšããã
æ¿æ²»å®æãšã¯ç¡çžã ã£ãããã€ã¿ãªã¢åœå
ã§ã¯ãåã®æçã(åã®æçãšã¯ãšããã»ããŠã2äž)ãšåŒã°ããã»ã©ã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¹ããŒããèªåè»æ¥çãžã®åœ±é¿åã¯å€§ããã£ãã
1977幎ã«ã¯ãã§ã©ãŒãªã®äŒé·è·ãéããã®ã®ããã®åŸãåžè²©è»ããã¹ã¯ãŒããªã¢ã»ãã§ã©ãŒãªã®éå¶ãŸã§å€§ããªåœ±é¿åãä¿ã¡ç¶ãããããã«1981幎ã«ã¯ã¹ã¯ãŒããªã¢ã»ãã§ã©ãŒãªã®ä»£è¡šãšããŠF1ã®ã³ã³ã³ã«ãåå®ç· çµã®ç«äŒäººãšãªããªã©ãF1çã§å€å€§ãªçºèšåãæããŠããã
1988幎8æ14æ¥ãè
äžå
šã®ããæ»å»ãF1ã«ãããã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®ããã·ã§ãã«ããŒã ãã®åµèšè
ã®æ»å»ã«éããŠã€ã¿ãªã¢å
šäœãåªã«æããããšã³ãã©ã®çåæåŸã«éçºãããã¢ãã«ã¯ã1987幎çºè¡šã®F40ã§ãã£ãã
2015幎çŸåšãããªãã»ã©ã«ãã£ãšã®éã«çãŸããæ¬¡ç·ã®ããšãã»ã©ã«ãã£ã»ãã§ã©ãŒãªããã§ã©ãŒãªã®æ ªã10ããŒã»ã³ãææããå¯äŒé·ãåããŠããã
ãã§ã©ãŒãªå®¶ã¯é·ç·ã«ãã¢ã«ãã¬ãŒãããšåœåããäŒçµ±ãããããšã³ãã©ã®ç¶ãå
ããããŠæ¯åããã®åãç¶ãã§ãã(ã¢ã«ãã¬ãŒãã®æç§°ããã£ãŒã)ããšã³ãã©ã¯çãŸãã€ãç
åŒ±ãªæ¯åãã£ãŒãã坿ãã£ããã24æ³ã§å
ç«ãããäžæã¯çããæã¿ãã倱ã£ããšããã ãšã³ãã©ã¯V12ã§ãªãV8ã»V6æèŒè»ã«ããã£ãŒãããšåä»ãææ¯ãå²ãã ã 劻ã©ãŠã©ã¯ããªãã®è³ç£å®¶ã®åšã§ã倫ã®ããžãã¹ã«è³éæŽå©ããæã«ããŒã éå¶ã«å¹²æžããããšããã£ãã
ãã以å€ã«ãæäººãªãã»ã©ã«ãã£ãšã®éã«ç§çå
ããšãã»ã©ã«ãã£ãå²ããŠãããããšãã¯çŽ æ§ãé ããŠãã§ã©ãŒãªç€Ÿã§åããæ£åŠ»ã©ãŠã©ã®æ»åŸèªç¥ããããšã³ãã©ã®åŸç¶è
ãšããŠäŒç€Ÿã®æ ªåŒãäžããããã
2012幎3æ10æ¥ãã€ã¿ãªã¢ã»ã¢ããã§å®ç¶ãæ¿éå·¥ãå¶ãã§ããå·¥å Žå
Œäœå±
ãæ¹è£
ãããšã³ãã©ã»ãã§ã©ãŒãªçå®¶åç©é€š(Museo Casa Enzo Ferrari )ãé通ããã
æ¬æ¥ã¯ãšã³ãã©ã®èªçæ¥ã«é通ããäºå®ã ã£ããã倧éªã«ã¿ãŸãã3æ10æ¥ãšãªã£ããçå®¶ã¯ãšã³ãã©ã«ãã£ãŠå£²åŽãããŠããããååŸãé£èªããçŸåšã®ææè
ããè³è²žãšããããã¡ã§éèšãããã
çå®¶ã¯ä»å±ã®ã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ããå
Œå±ç€ºã¹ããŒã¹ãšããŠæåããã飿¥ããŠãã¥ãŒãžã¢ã æ£ã建èšããããèšèšã¯å»ºç¯å®¶ã€ã³ã»ã«ããªãããŒãæ
åœããåœŒã®æ»åŸã¯ã¢ã³ãã¬ã¢ã»ã¢ã«ã¬ã³ããåŒãç¶ãã ã通å
ã«ã¯ãã§ã©ãŒãªãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¡ãªã®åæã®åžè²©è»ã»ã¬ãŒã¹ã«ãŒã®ä»ã«ããšã³ãã©ã®ãã¬ãŒãããŒã¯ã§ãããµã³ã°ã©ã¹ãªã©ã®æçšåãå±ç€ºãããŠããã屿 ¹ã¯ã¢ããã®ã·ã³ãã«ã«ã©ãŒã§ããé»è²ã«å¡ãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%84%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA
|
8,096 |
Bèšèª
|
Bèšèª(ããŒããã)ã¯ãAT&Tãã«ç ç©¶æã®ã±ã³ã»ãã³ããœã³ (Ken Thompson) ã«ãã£ãŠéçºãããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ãããã±ã³ã»ãã³ããœã³ãããã¹ã»ãªãããŒ(Dennis Ritchie)ç£ä¿®ã®å
ã§èšèšãã1969幎é ã«ç»å Žããã
Bèšèªã¯ååž°ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããéæ°å€åã«å¯Ÿå¿ããç¹å®ã®æ©çš®ã«äŸåããªãèšèªã§ãããOSãä»ã®èšèªãªã©ãéçºããããã®èšèªãšããŠèšèšããã ãããŒã¿åãæããªãèšèªã§ãããŒãã®CPUã¬ãžã¹ã¿ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã¯ãŒãå1çš®é¡ã«äŸåããã©ã®ãããªãããé·ã®CPUã«ã察å¿ã§ãããæèã«ããã¯ãŒãã¯æŽæ°ãŸãã¯ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãšããŠæ±ããããASCIIã³ãŒããäžè¬çã«ãªããåœæãã«ç ç©¶æã«ãDEC PDP-11ãå°å
¥ãããæåããŒã¿åã®ãµããŒããéèŠã«ãªã£ããBèšèªã®ãããªåããªãèšèªã®ä»æ§ã¯æ¬ ç¹ãšã¿ãªãããããã«ãªãããã³ããœã³ãšãªãããŒã¯èšèªãæ¡åŒµããŠå
éšåãšãŠãŒã¶ãŒå®çŸ©åããµããŒããããã®èšèªã¯Cèšèªãšãªã£ãã
Bèšèªã§èšè¿°ãããããã°ã©ã ã¯ãã³ã³ãã€ã©ã«ãã£ãŠäžéã³ãŒãã«å€æãããå®è¡ã«ã¯ã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ãå¿
èŠãšãããå®è¡æã«ã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ã«ãã£ãŠé次åŠçããããããå®è¡éåºŠã¯æ¥µããŠé
ãã£ãããã ãPDP-7çã¯æ©æ¢°èªãåºåã§ããããã«æ¹è¯ãããã
ãã³ããœã³ã¯ãDEC瀟補ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿PDP-7äžã§UNIXã®éçºãè¡ã£ãŠããããåœæãUNIXäžã§ã¯ããã°ã©ã ãã¢ã»ã³ããªèšèªã§èšè¿°ããããšããã§ããªãã£ããããã§ãã³ããœã³ã¯UNIXäžã§åäœããé«çŽèšèªã®éçºãå§ããããã³ããœã³ã¯UNIXã®éçºä»¥åãMulticsã®éçºã«æºãã£ãŠãããBèšèªã¯ãMulticsäžã§åäœããŠããBCPLãå
ã«éçºãããã
Bèšèªã¯æ¬è³ªçã«ã¯ããã³ããœã³ããã®æä»£ã®ããã³ã³ã®ã¡ã¢ãªå®¹éã«åããããã«ãäžèŠãšæããã³ã³ããŒãã³ããé€å»ããBCPLã·ã¹ãã ã§ããããŸããã³ããœã³ã®å¥œã¿ã«æ²¿ããããªå€æŽãè¡ããã(ãããŠãã¯ãäžè¬çãªããã°ã©ã ã§ç©ºçœä»¥å€ã®æåæ°ãåæžã§ãããšããæ¹åã§ãã£ã)ãBCPLã«ãã£ãALGOLç±æ¥ã®èšæ³ã¯å€§å¹
ã«æ¹ããããã代å
¥æŒç®åã¯ãALGOL 58(è±èªç)ã§æ¡çšããã:=ãããALGOLéçºã¡ã³ããŒã®1人ã§ãããã€ã³ãã»ã«ãã£ã¹ããŠã¶ãŒããã€ãŠSuperplanã§æ¡çšããŠãã=ã«æ»ããããŸãæ¯èŒæŒç®åã¯=ãã==ãžçœ®ãæããããã
ãã³ããœã³ã¯å æžç®ä»£å
¥æŒç®åãçºæããx =+ yã®åœ¢ã§å®è£
ãã(Cèšèªã§ã¯é åºãé転ããŠ+=ãšãªã£ã)ããŸãBèšèªã§ã¯ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãããã¯ãªã¡ã³ãæŒç®å(++ and --)ãå°å
¥ããããæŒç®åãåã«ã€ãããåŸãã«ã€ãããã§ã倿Žåãšå€æŽåŸã®ã©ã¡ãã®å€ãåŒã®çµæã«é©çšãããã®ããéžæã§ããããããã®æ°æ©èœã¯æåã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã®Bèšèªã«ã¯èŠãããªãã£ããããã¹ã»ãªãããŒã«ããã°ãå€ãã®äººã¯DEC PDP-11ã§å°å
¥ãããèªåã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã»èªåãã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã»ã¢ãã¬ãã·ã³ã°ã¢ãŒãã®ããã«éçºããããšæã人ãå€ãããBãéçºããããšãã«ã¯PDP-11ã¯ååšããŠãããæŽå²çã«èŠãŠããããªããšããŠããã
BCPLãForthãšåããBèšèªã¯ãã·ã³ã®ã¯ãŒãé·ã§ãã1ã€ã®ããŒã¿åã®ã¿ãæã£ãŠãããå€ãã®æŒç®å(äŸãã°+ã-ã*ã/)ã§ã¯ãããæŽæ°ãšããŠæ±ãããã以å€ã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãšããŠæ±ã£ãããã以å€ã®éšåã«ã€ããŠã¯Cèšèªã®åæããŒãžã§ã³ãšãã䌌ãŠãããCèšèªã®æšæºå
¥åºåã©ã€ãã©ãªã圷圿ãšãããã©ã€ãã©ãªãããããªããååšããŠããã
åæã®é ã¯ãåæã®UNIXã䜿çšããDEC瀟ã®PDP-7çšãšPDP-11çšã®å®è£
ãããããŸãGCOSãšããOSãåäœãããããŠã§ã«ã®36ãããã¡ã€ã³ãã¬ãŒã ã®å®è£
ããã£ããæåã«PDP-7çšã®ã¹ã¬ããããã³ãŒããåºåããå®è£
ãéçºãããæ¬¡ã«ãªãããŒããã·ã³èªãåºåããã³ã³ãã€ã©ãTMG(è±èªç)ã§å®è£
ããã1970幎ã«PDP-11ãéçºçŸå Žã«å°å
¥ãããã¹ã¬ããããã³ãŒãçãPDP-11ã«ç§»æ€ããããã¢ã»ã³ãã©ã®dcãšBèšèªèªèº«ã¯Bèšèªã§èšè¿°ããããæåã®yaccããã®PDP-11çšã«éçºãããããªãããŒã¯ãã®ææã«ã¡ã³ããã³ã¹ãåŒãåããŠããã
Bèšèªã®åã®ãªãèšèšã¯ãããŠã§ã«ãPDP-7ãªã©ã®å€ãã®å€ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã§ã¯æå³ã®ããããšã§ãã£ãããPDP-11以éã®ã»ãŒå
šãŠã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ããµããŒãããŠãã8ãããã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ããŒã¿åã«ãšã¬ã¬ã³ãã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããããšãé£ããããšãåé¡ã«ãªã£ãããªãããŒã¯1971幎ã«èšèªã®å€æŽãéå§ããã³ã³ãã€ã©ããã·ã³èªãåºåããããã«å€æãããšåæã«ãæãé¡èãªæ¡åŒµãšããŠããŒã¿åã倿°ã«è¿œå ããã1971幎ãã1972幎ã«ãããŠBèšèªã¯New Bèšèªãžé²åãããããŠã¢ã©ã³ã»ã¹ãã€ããŒ(Alan Snyder)ã®åŒ·ãèŠæ±ã«ãã£ãŠããªããã»ããµãå ãããã1972幎ãã1973幎ã®åæã«Cèšèªãšãªã£ãã
1973幎ã®å€ã®éã«PDP-11çšã®UNIXãCèšèªã§æžãçŽãããäžé£ã®åªåãæãéããããã1972~73幎ã®éã«ãããŠã§ã«635ãšIBM 360/370ã«ç§»æ€ããå¿
èŠãããããã€ã¯ã»ã¬ã¹ã¯(Mike Lesk)ã¯åŸã«Cèšèªã®æšæºå
¥åºåã©ã€ãã©ãªãšãªããæ±çšçãªI/Oããã±ãŒãžããæžããã
Bèšèªã¯Cèšèªã«ã»ãŒçœ®ãæãã£ããBèšèªã¯ãããŠã§ã«ã®ã¡ã€ã³ãã¬ãŒã GCOSã§1990幎代é ãŸã§å©çšããç¶ããŠããããŸããå°åã·ã¹ãã ã®éå®ãããããŒããŠã§ã¢ãå©çšããããã§ãã£ãããå€§èŠæš¡ãªã©ã€ãã©ãªãããŒã«ãã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ã®åé¡ããŸãåçŽã«æ¥åã«å¿
èŠååã§ãããããªã©ã®ãããªæ§ã
ãªçç±ã«ãããäžéšã®çµã¿èŸŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ã§ãå©çšãããŠãã ãéåžžã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿åã®ãã£ãAberMUDã¯Bèšèªã§èšè¿°ãããŠããã
ã±ã³ã»ãã³ããœã³ã«ããUsers' Reference to Bãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E
|
8,098 |
ããŒã¿ã€ãŒã¹ã
|
ããŒã¿ã€ãŒã¹ãæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ (Data East Corporation)ã¯ããã€ãŠæ¥æ¬ã«ååšããã²ãŒã ãœãããŠã§ã¢éçºäŒç€Ÿã
çŠç°å²å€«ãæ±æµ·å€§åŠå·¥åŠéšã忥åŸã«å°±è·ããæž¬å®åšã¡ãŒã«ãŒããå
ç·éåŒã®ãšã¬ã¡ã«ãéçºããããã®ããšã§ã¢ãŒã±ãŒãã²ãŒã ã«èå³ãæã¡ãç¬ç«ããŠåµæ¥ãåœåã¯ã¢ãŒã±ãŒãéšåã®äžè«ã補é ãè¡ã£ãŠããã
Data West瀟ã®ãããªäŒç€Ÿã«ãªãããšãç®æšãšããData Westã¯"西"ã«å¯Ÿãæ±ã«ããäŒç€Ÿãšããããšã§ç€Ÿåãåä»ãããããæ¥æ¬äŒæ¥ã®ããŒã¿ãŠãšã¹ã瀟ãšã¯ç¡é¢ä¿ã§ããã
ãã³(DECOãData East COrporationã®ç¥)ã®æç§°ãæã¡ãããã³ã²ãŒããšåŒãããç¬ç¹ãªäžç芳ãæã€åæ§çãªäœåãæ°å€ã茩åºããããŸããDECOã®ããŽãååšããŠããããã¡ãã¯1992幎ãŸã§äœ¿ããã(以åŸã¯æµ·å€ã§äœ¿ãããŠããDEãæš¡ããããŽã«çµ±äž)ã1980幎ã«ã¯æ¥çåã®ãã«ã»ãã亀æã«ããã²ãŒã å
¥ãæ¿ããå¯èœãšããæ¥åçšã·ã¹ãã åºæ¿ããã³ã«ã»ããã·ã¹ãã ããçºè¡šãããåãã·ã¹ãã ãããŸããŸãªäŒç€Ÿã§çŸåšã䜿ãããŠããã
ã²ãŒã 以å€ã®é åã§ããå€è§çµå¶ã®èгç¹ãããäžçåã®å°çšåç·äžèŠã®ããŒã¿ãã«ãã¡ã¯ã·ããªãããŒã¿ãã¡ãã¯ã¹2000ã(1984幎)ãæåã«ãNTTãã³ã¢ã®è¡æé»è©±(ã¯ã€ãã¹ã¿ãŒ)çšããŒã¿éä¿¡ã¢ããã¿ãŒãææ¥è»çšå¿é»å³äŒéè£
眮ãšãã£ãæ
å ±æ©åšã®éçºãæ¥æ¬åã®é å·Ÿåé²ç
ãã¹ã¯ããã€ããŒã°ã(æ¥æ¬ãµã€ããŒã°(æ ª)ãšã®å
±åéçº)(1984幎)ãæ€èžã®è²©å£²ããè²©ä¿æŠéãã³ã¬ã³ãžã£ãŒããªã©ãç¬èªè·¯ç·ãèµ°ã£ãŠããã
èªç€Ÿåºåã«ãã£ãããã³ãªã²ãŒã ãªããŸãããšã!ããçé ã«ã²ãŒã äžã®ãããçã ã(ã空æéã)ããã¢ãã¯ãã·ããŒã(ããªããè
æŠééšé ãã©ããã£ãŠã«ãã)ããæåã«æµã¯ç¡ãã(ããã§ã«ãããä»å€æ°ã«äœ¿ãããããŒã¿ã€ãŒã¹ãã®ãã£ãããã¬ãŒãºã®ä»£åè©ãšãèšããã)ãããããªãã¯ã©ã€ããã¯ã¹ã(ããšãã¯ãŒãã©ã³ãã£ã)ããè¶å§¿äžåŒ·ç·ä¹åè² æ³(ãããªãªã¶ãã³ãããšèªã)ã(ãããªãªã»ã¶ã»ãã³ãã)ããç«éæ²»ã¯ãã飜ããã(ãã¡ã¿ã«ããã¯ã¹ã)çãç¬ç¹ã§åšå¢ã®è¯ãå°è©ããã£ããã³ããŒãå€ãã
ããã³ã²ãŒãã®äžè¬çã€ã¡ãŒãžã¯ããã³ã§å€§å³ããå®æåºŠã¯ãšãããçºæ³ã¯ä»ã«é¡ãèŠãªããçãç¬èªæ§ã«éã£ãŠããã°åææã®ã»ã¬ããã ã³ã«ãåŒããåããªã匷çããæã£ãŠãããä»ã«åªã³ãããšã®ãªãæ¥µç«¯ã«æžããã€ã¹ããæã€ã²ãŒã ãå€ã補äœãããã®äœé¢šã¯å€åœ©ã§ããã
ããã³ãªã²ãŒã ãªããã®ãã£ããã³ããŒãèããã®ã¯æ¡ç°çæ²»ãéçºæ
åœè
ãã¡ã¯ä»ã®äŒæ¥ãšåãã倧çé¢ç®ã«ã²ãŒã ãäœã£ãŠããããããã®ã³ããŒã«ãæã
ã®ã²ãŒã ã®äœåŠãå€ãªã®ãããšæ€æ
šããŠãããããã
ã²ãŒã ã®ã€ãã³ãäŒå Žã§è¡ãããæŠéã·ã§ãŒé¢šã®èè¡ã§ããããã®å
容ã¯ãäœã®åè§Šãããªãç»å Žã販ä¿ãç®çã®ã¯ããªã®ã«ã²ãŒã ã®å®£äŒãäžåããã«åž°ã£ãŠããããšãããã®ã ã£ããããã«é¢ããŠçŸäžååäœã®äºç®ããã£ããééããããã¥ãŒçŽåã®äŒå Žã§ã瀟é·ããŸããã£ãŠããŸããŸããããšäºåŸæ¿è«Ÿã§è¡ããããšãããããŸãã瀟é·èªãããããåºããããšèšãã ãããšãäŒããããã
1986幎ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã»ã€ãªãã€å·ã·ã«ãŽã«ããŒã¿ã€ãŒã¹ãã»ãã³ããŒã«ç€Ÿãèšç«ããæ¥åçšã®ãã³ããŒã«æ©è£œé ãè¡ã£ããæ¥æ¬ã®ããŒã¿ã€ãŒã¹ãã¯æ¥æ¬åœå
ã§ã®èŒžå
¥ã»è²©å£²ãæ
åœãããå瀟ã®ãã³ããŒã«ã¯éç§°ããã³ãã³ããšåŒã°ããã
çºè¶³ã«ããã£ãŠãæ§ã¹ã¿ãŒã³ç€Ÿã®åµèšè
ã®æ¯åãã²ã€ãªãŒã»ã¹ã¿ãŒã³ããžã§ãã©ã«ãããŒãžã£ãŒãšãªã£ãããã·ã³ãã²ãŒã å
容ã¯ãæ§ã¹ã¿ãŒã³ç€Ÿã®äŒçµ±ãåãç¶ãã ãšããããããŠã£ãªã¢ã ã¹ç€Ÿã®åœ±é¿ã匷ãåããŠãããšèšããããããŠããŠã£ãªã¢ã ã¹ç€Ÿã«å¯Ÿæãã¹ãç¬èªã®æè¡ãã·ã¹ãã ãç©æ¥µçã«åãå
¥ããŠãã£ãã
ã¹ã¿ãŒã³ãã¯ãç¹ã«ãã³ããŒã«å°ã®èä¹
æ§ãã¡ã³ããã³ã¹æ§ãäžããããã®ç ç©¶ã«éç¹ã眮ãããã¬ã€ãã£ãŒã«ãé¢ã®èä¹
æ§ã®åäžãªã©ãè¡ã£ãŠããã1989幎ã«ã¯ããªãããŒçšã³ã€ã«ã®éå°ãªæ¶èã®åå ãšãªãé黿µããã£ã¿ãªã³ã°ãæããããã«ããªãããŒãã¿ã³ã®ãªã³ãªããããžã¿ã«åãããœãªããã¹ãã€ãæ¹åŒããªãããŒãéçºãããRobocop(ããã³ãã)ãã§æ¡çšããããŸã1幎éã®ã³ã€ã«äº€æäžèŠä¿èšŒãéå§ããããã³ã€ã«ãçŒããŠããŸã£ãå Žåã¯ãç¡æã§äº€æããããšããŠãããããã«ããããªãããŒçšã³ã€ã«ã®å¯¿åœã¯é£èºçã«äŒžã³ãããšã«ãªã£ãã
1994幎ã«ããŒã¿ã€ãŒã¹ãã»ãã³ããŒã«ç€Ÿã¯ã»ã¬ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«æ³äººã«å£²åŽãããã»ã¬ã»ãã³ããŒã«ç€Ÿãèªçããããã®åŸã瀟é·ã ã£ãã¹ã¿ãŒã³ãæ ªåŒãè²·ãåã(MBO)ãçŸåšã®ã¹ã¿ãŒã³ã»ãã³ããŒã«ç€Ÿ(Stern)ãšãªã£ãã1999幎ã«ãã¹ã¿ãŒã»ãŠã©ãŒãº ãšããœãŒãIããæåŸã«WMSã€ã³ãã¹ããªãŒãºç€Ÿããã³ããŒã«äºæ¥ãæ€éããŠããã2013幎ã«Jersey Jack Pinball(è±èªç)瀟ããThe Wizard of Oz(è±èªç)ããçºå£²ãããŸã§ãã¹ã¿ãŒã³ã»ãã³ããŒã«ç€Ÿãå®å
šæ°äœã®å°ã補é ããäžçã§å¯äžã®ãã³ããŒã«ã»ã¡ãŒã«ãŒã ã£ãã
1998幎ã«ã¢ãŒã±ãŒãã²ãŒã ããæ€éãã³ã³ã·ã¥ãŒãäºæ¥ã«çµã蟌ãããè² åµ33ååã§1999幎11æã«åè°ç³è«ãåµåã®75%ã«ãããªã©ãæ¡ä»¶ãšããŠ2000幎7æã«åè°èªå¯ãšãªã£ããå瀟ã¯ã²ãŒã ãšã¯ç¡é¢ä¿ãªå¯äºæ¥ã«æãåºããŠããã以åã«æ€èžæ œå¹(ããã±ãŒãžã«ã¯å瀟ããŽæã)ã«æãåºããŠå€±æããããšããã£ããããã«ãã€ãã¹ã€ãªã³çºçè£
眮ãªã©ã®æ°äºæ¥ã§å建ãã¯ãã£ããã2003幎4æäžæ¬æ±äº¬å°è£ã«èªå·±ç Žç£ãç³è«ããåææ«ã以ãŠãã¹ãŠã®æ¥åã忢ãå幎6æ25æ¥ã«æ±äº¬å°æ¹è£å€æããç Žç£å®£åã7æ7æ¥ä»ãã®å®å ±ã«æ²èŒããããæããåœæã¯ã²ãŒã æ¥çã®å€åã§è€æ°ã®èåãªäžå°ã²ãŒã ã¡ãŒã«ãŒãæ·æ±°ãããŠãã£ãææã§ããã1998幎ã«ã¯ã³ã³ãã€ã«ãåè°ç³è«ã«ããäºå®äžã®åç£(ãã®åŸ2002幎ã«äŒç€Ÿè§£æ£ã2003幎ã«ç Žç£)ãããŒã¿ã€ãŒã¹ãã®çµå¶ç Žç¶»ãšåææã®1999幎11æã«ã¯ãã¥ãŒãã³ãåè°ç³è«ã2001幎ã«ã¯ããªãžãªã«èªç€ŸäœåãäŸçµŠãããªã©ã®ææºé¢ä¿ã«ãã£ãSNKãç Žç£ã«è¿œã蟌ãŸããŠããã
2004幎2æãããŒã¿ã€ãŒã¹ãã®ã²ãŒã ã«é¢ããã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ãæºåž¯é»è©±ã³ã³ãã³ãéçºäŒç€Ÿã®ãžãŒã»ã¢ãŒããååŸããã
2007幎9æãããŒã¿ã€ãŒã¹ããä¿æããŠããã²ãŒã ã³ã³ãã³ãã®ãã¡ãããã³ãããé¢é£ã¿ã€ãã«ã®ç¥çè²¡ç£æš©ãD4ãšã³ã¿ãŒãã©ã€ãºãååŸããã
ãã以å€ã®ä¿æããŠããç¹èš±ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãçŠç°å®¶ã®è³ç£ç®¡çäŒç€Ÿãã¿ã¯ããã³æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãã«è²æž¡ãã¿ã¯ããã³ã¯ããã®ä¿æç¹èš±ã䟵害ããããšããŠä»»å€©å ãæ°åæèšŽããããããããæ£åŽãããŠããã
2023幎çŸåšãåæšæš©äžŠã³ã«ããŽã®èäœæš©ãäžéšã¿ã€ãã«ãé€ãã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ã¯ãžãŒã»ã¢ãŒãããããã©ã¯ã¬ã¹ã®æ å
ãããã«ã«ããããªã©ã®äžéšã¿ã€ãã«ã®ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ã¯ããªã³ã»ãã£ãŒããŒãããããä¿æããŠããããªããã¡ã¿ã«ããã¯ã¹ãã®ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ã¯KADOKAWAãä¿æããŠããã
ãªã嵿¥è
ã®çŠç°å²å€«ã¯ããã®åŸ2015幎ã«èªããèšç«ããæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã¡ãããããã®ä»£è¡šåç· åœ¹ã§ãã£ããã2022幎ã«èªå·±ç Žç£ããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88
|
8,102 |
ããŒãã©ã³ã
|
ããŒãã©ã³ãã¯ã1983幎ã«ãããœã³ãçºå£²ããããœã³ã³åãã¢ããã³ãã£ãŒã²ãŒã ãç¶ç·šã«ããŒãã¯ãŒã«ããããã
åèçã®å·šå€§éåå°ã«å¯ŸæããŠåŒççã«å»ºèšããããããŒãã©ã³ããã«é ãããŠãããäŒèª¬ã®ç§å®ãäžæç£šèŒã(ã¿ã€ããŸãã)ãèŠã€ãåºããè±åºããããšãã²ãŒã ã®ç®çã§ãããã¿ã€ãã«ã¯ãã£ãºããŒã©ã³ãã®ãããã£ã§ãããšåæã«ãåºè²»ãæå³ãããåºéãã«ããããŠããããŸãããäžæç£šèŒãã¯åãªãåœãŠåã§ã¯ãªããåç§°èªäœãè¬è§£ãã«é¢ããããã«ãªã£ãŠããã
åœæãšããŠã¯çãããæ©æ¢°èªã«ããé«éãªåœ©è²æç»ã売ãã«ããŠããããªããã®ã¡ã«ç§»æ€ãããMSXçã®ã¿ç·ç»è¡šç€ºã ã£ãã
1983幎4æã«éåããæ±äº¬ãã£ãºããŒã©ã³ãã«ããããœã³ç€Ÿå¡ã¿ããªã§éã³ã«è¡ã£ãããšãéçºã®ãã£ãããšãªã£ãã
åœæãããœã³ã¯ã倧éã®ã²ãŒã ãæ¬¡ããæ¬¡ãžãšéçºããŠã¯çºå£²ããŠãããæ¬äœä»¥åã¯ããããããã®ã§ã売ãäžãã¯äžäžæ¬çšåºŠã ã£ãããããæ¬äœã¯äºäžæ¬ã売ããããšããããããœã³ã¯éçºæ¹éã転æããæ°ãçµã£ãŠè³ªãé«ããçããå®ããç¹å¥ãªãã®ãéçºããããã«ãªã£ãã
ã²ãŒã ã®é²è¡ã¯ãè±åèªã«ããã³ãã³ãå
¥ååŒã§ãããåè©ã®ã¿ããŸãã¯åè©+åè©(ç®çèª)ãå
¥åããããç§»åãªã©ã§çç¥åœ¢ãç¹æ®ãªã³ãã³ããå
¥åãããã®ããããããããè±èªã®ç¥èãããã°ãè±åèªç·åœãã§äœãšããªãçšåºŠã®åèªæ°ã§ããã
ãã ãããATTACHããšããåèªãçšããå Žé¢ããããããã¯è±åèªãšããŠã¯ãåãä»ãããã®æå³ã§æ¥åžžçã«äœ¿ããããã®ã ããåœæã®æ¥æ¬ã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãã²ãŒã åéã§ã¯æ»
å€ã«äœ¿ãããªããã®ã§ãããSETãPUTã®ãããªé¡èªããã®å Žé¢ã§ã¯éçšããªãã£ããããé£è§£ãªå Žé¢ã«ãªã£ããããŸãã«ããã®å Žé¢ãé£ããã£ãããšãããéèªãªã©ã®è³ªåã³ãŒããŒã§ãã®å Žé¢ã®è³ªåã¯å®çªã§ããããããŒãã©ã³ããšããã°ATTACHããšããŠèšæ¶ãããããšã«ãªã£ããåŸçºã®PC-6001mkIIçã§ã¯ãç»é¢ã«ç»å ŽããŠãããã®ãLOOKããããšã«ãããATTACHãšããåèªãå«ãã ãã³ãã衚瀺ãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89
|
8,105 |
æ»ç°æŽäºé
|
æ»ç° æŽäºé(ããã ãããããã1955幎(æå30幎)12æ4æ¥ - )ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®æ ç»ç£ç£ãå¯å±±çé«å²¡åž(æ§çŠå²¡çº)åºèº«ã
å¯å±±çç«é«å²¡åæ¥é«çåŠæ ¡åæ¥ã俳åªã»å±±ç°èŸ°å€«ã¯é«æ ¡æä»£ã®åçŽçã髿 ¡åæ¥åŸãç¥ãåãã®åœäŒè°å¡ã®ç§æžãããå°±è·ãäžè©±ããŠããããšãæ±æ¥äžåç£ã𿱿 ã®åãæãã£ããããæŽŸæããã§è¯ããªãšããçç±ããæ±æ ãéžæãããã ãå®éã¯ãæ±æ ã®äžè«ãã§ããæ±æ ã»ã³ãã©ã«ãã£ã«ã ã®ãã«ã(æ±æ ãã«ã)ã補äœããŠããåäºãã(ã®ã¡ãç
åãã)ã ã£ãã1974幎(æå49幎)ãå瀟ã«äºåè·ãšããŠå
¥ç€Ÿãé«åå¥ã®ã€ã¯ã¶æ ç»ã¯èгãŠãããã®ã®ç¹ã«æ ç»å¥œãã§ã¯ãªãã£ãããåœåã¯æžæã£ãããæ®åœ±çŸå Žã®é¢çœãã«æ¹ããå©ç£ç£ã«è»¢ãããåäºå¯ãå±±æ¬æä¹ã皲尟å®ãæ¢
æ²¢è«ç£ç£ãã®äžã§äœäºç®ãã«ã(ãã³ã¯æ ç»)ã®å©ç£ç£ãåãããäžè¬æ ç»ã§ã¯ã1979幎(æå54幎)ã®ãäžèœåçŒãšãã ãŒããŒãã§å©ç£ç£ãåããŠããã1981幎(æå56幎)ããçŽæŒ¢å¥³æåž«ãã§ç£ç£ããã¥ãŒã以éã1982幎(æå57幎)2æ¬ã1983幎(æå58幎)4æ¬ã1984幎(æå59幎)8æ¬ãšåã®ããŒã¹ã§ã¡ã¬ãã³ãæ¡ãã"éŠãã³ã»ãã¥ãŒãšã³ã¿ãã€ã¡ã³ãã®ææ"ãªã©ãšç§°ããããèæ¬å®¶ã»é«æšåãšã®ã³ã³ãã§æäººæ ç»ã®ç£ç£ãšããŠè©±é¡äœãé£çºãè³ç®ãéããã
1985幎(æå60幎)ãäž»æŒãšèæ¬ãåããå
ç°è£ä¹ã«æåãããåã®äžè¬æ ç»ãã³ããã¯éèªãªãããããªã!ããç£ç£ããé«ãè©äŸ¡ãåŸããåäœã¯ãã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã»ããµã³ãŒã«ã¹ã®äžéšæ ç»é€šã§ãå
¬éãã話é¡ãšãªã£ãã以éãã³ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ãã«è©±é¡äœãçºè¡šãç¶ããŠãããåœåã¯ã³ã¡ãã£ãç®ç«ã£ãããæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«ã·ãªã¢ã¹ãªå€§äœãæ°å€ãæãããããã«ãªã£ããçŸåšã§ã¯äžçŸå¥æŸãªæŒåºã§æ²žããããã³ã¯æä»£ãšã¯å€§ããç°ãªã端æ£ãªäœé¢šãšãªã£ãŠããã
2001幎(å¹³æ13幎)ã®ãé°éœåž«ãã¯ãå®åæ¥æ¬æ ç»ã§ã¯ãããã¯ã©ã¹ã®ããããšãªã£ãã2004幎(å¹³æ16幎)ã«ã¯ã壬ç矩士äŒãã§æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³æåªç§äœåè³ã
2008幎(å¹³æ20幎)å
¬éã®ããããã³ãšãã¯å€§äœã§ã¯ãªãã£ããã®ã®ããã³ã°ã©ã³ããããšãç¿2009幎(å¹³æ21幎)ã®æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã§æåªç§äœåè³ã»æåªç§ç£ç£è³ãåè³ããã®åŸã第81åã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã§ã¯æ¥æ¬æ ç»åã®å€åœèªæ ç»è³ãåè³ããã
2009幎(å¹³æ21幎)3æ18æ¥é«å²¡åžã®ããã«ãã¥ãŒãªãŒã¿ãé«å²¡ã«ãŠå¯å±±çåãšãªãçæ°æ èªè³ãšããã¡ããåãšãªãé«å²¡åžæ°æ èªè³ãèŽãããã
2011幎(å¹³æ23幎)ã«æ ç»èžè¡ç§åŠã¢ã«ãããŒäŒå¡ã«éžåºãããã
2014幎(å¹³æ26幎)ã«çŽ«ç¶¬è€ç« åç« ã
ãã¹ããªååãçŽæŒ¢é»è»ã»äžçæ€æãããããŒããµã¹ãã³ã¹ãé£ç¶æŽå§ŠããŸã§ãéåžžã«å¹
åºãäœé¢šã瀺ãããäžçæ€æãã¯ã竹äžçŽäºº(åœæã¯ç«¹äžããªã)ãæŸæ¬æž
åŒµã»æŸç°åªäœã®ç©ç䌌ã®ã¿ã§å
šç·šæŒããŠãããæºå·äºå€ç§è©±ããå¯å®€ããªãã¯æ®ºäººã人圢ã¢ãã¡ã§ç· ããããã©ã¹ããªã©åã£ãæŒåºã§è©±é¡ãåŒãã ããçŽæŒ¢é»è»ã»æ¥µç§æ¬çªãã§ã¯ãçŸä»£ãšå€§éªåå€ã®é£ãã¿ã€ã ã¹ãªããã§åŸéãããã¡ãžã£ãŒå€§äœã§ã¯æ±ããªãSFã¹ã©ããã¹ãã£ãã¯ã³ã¡ãã£ã«ãŸã§æãã§ããããçŽæŒ¢é»è»ã»èåã®ãå°»ãã®çµç€ã§ã¯å¯å®€ããªãã¯ã®å奜ãåŠäœãªãçºæ®ã5åéã»ãªããªãã§ã©ãŽã§ã«ã®ããã¬ããã ããæµããèŠèŠã®ã¿ã§ä»æããè§£æããæ åã§æ°ãåããããããã®ã»ãšãã©ã§äž»æŒããè¢éªæ¬¡æãšã¯ãä»ãçåé¢ä¿ãç¶ããŠããããã³ã¯æ ç»ã®æ«æã«ã¯ã«ã£ãã€é
絊äœåãæ°æ¬ææããããã»ãšãã©ãç
åãã補äœã®è²·åäœåã§æ®åœ±æã䜿çšã§ããªãã£ããã®ã¡ã«ãæšæå®¶ã®äººã
ãã§çµãã ã«ã£ãã€åºèº«ã®å±±ç°è倧ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã¯ãæ»ç°ããåœæã®ã«ã£ãã€ãžã®åŒ·ãæµæãæãããšãããæ»ç°ã¯äžè¬æ ç»é²åºãæãããŸã§ãäºç®ã»æ®åœ±æ¥æ°ãšãã«ãã«ã£ãã€ããã³ãã«ãã®æ°åã®äžã«ãããªããã³ã¯æ ç»æ¥çã§æè
ãçºæ®ãç¶ããã
æå±ããåäºãã(ç
åãã)ãæ°å®¿åå£ã«ããã西æ°å®¿ã®è¶
é«å±€ãã«çŸ€ãæ¯æ¥çºããé »ç¹ã«äœåãžåãå
¥ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BB%9D%E7%94%B0%E6%B4%8B%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%8E
|
8,106 |
岩äºä¿äº
|
å²©äº ä¿äº(ããã ãã
ããã1963幎1æ24æ¥ - )ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®æ ç»ç£ç£ã»æ åäœå®¶ã»èæ¬å®¶ã»é³æ¥œå®¶ãèæ¬å®¶ãšããŠã¯ãç¶²é é
ž(ãã¿ã® ãã)ãšãããã³ããŒã ãçšããããšããããè¡æ¶²åã¯Oåã
å®®åçä»å°åžåºèº«ãä»å°åžç«è¥¿å€è³äžåŠæ ¡ãå®®åçä»å°ç¬¬äžé«çåŠæ ¡ã暪æµåœç«å€§åŠæè²åŠéšçŸè¡åŠç§åæ¥ãåŠçæä»£ããå°èª¬å®¶ãç®æããçŸè¡ã®åŠç§ã«å
¥ã£ãã®ããã®éã«åœ±é¿ããã°ãããšæã£ãããã§ãããçµµã¯ãããŸã§ãè¶£å³ã§æããæŒ«ç»ã®æèŸŒã¿ãªã©ãããã忥åã«ãå°±è·æŽ»åãããããšã«ããæ åé¢ä¿ã®ä»äºã«å°±ãããã¢ã«ãã€ããããªãã人èãåºããã
å°åп代ãã»ãã«å®¶ã«ã¬ã³ãŒãããªãã£ããããçŸç§äºå
žã®ãªãã±ã«ã€ããŠãããäžçã®åæ²ããšããã¬ã³ãŒãéã§ã·ã¥ãŒãã«ããã·ã§ãã³ãèŽã蟌ãã§ãããšãããã¿ãŒã³ããŒãã«ã¯å¹Œçšåã®é ããå®¶ã«ãã£ãã
倧åŠåæ¥åŸã®ç¿1988幎ãããŒã€ã³ã°ãªã©ã®ãã¥ãŒãžãã¯ã»ãããªã®ä»äºãå§ããã1993幎ããã¬ããã©ããif ããã~æã¡äžãè±ç«ãäžããèŠãã? 暪ããèŠãã?ããæŒåºããæ¥æ¬æ ç»ç£ç£åäŒæ°äººè³ãåè³ããã¬ããã©ãã§ã®åè³ã¯ããããŠç°äŸã§ãããåäœåã¯åç·šéããã1994幎åå Žå
¬éãããã1995幎ãåã®é·ç·šæ ç»ãLove Letterããç£ç£ãæ¥æ¬ãäžåœã§ã奜è©ã ã£ãããéåœã§ã¯ç¹ã«ççºçãªäººæ°ãåŒãã ãããã«ç¶ããã¹ã¯ããŠãã€ã«ãã¯è³åŠäž¡è«ãã£ããã岩äºã®ç¥å床ã倧ããäžããäœåã§ããã
ãã®åŸé·ç·šã»çç·šäœåãé 調ã«å
¬éããç¬ç¹ãªæ åçŸããã岩äºçŸåŠããªã©ãšåŒã°ããããã«ãªããåããŠããã¥ã¡ã³ã¿ãªãŒãçºè¡šãã1999幎é ããåæ ç»ã®ç£ç£æ¥ä»¥å€ã«ããã£ãŒã«ããåºãã2000幎ã«ã¯åºµéç§æç£ç£äœã®ãåŒæ¥ãã«ä¿³åªãšããŠåºæŒãæ°ããæè¡ã®åãçµã¿ã«ãç±å¿ã§ãæ¥æ¬ã§æåã«AVIDã«ãããã³ãªãã¢ç·šéãåãå
¥ãããåŒæ¥ããšåã幎ã«ã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã®BBSã䜿ã£ã倧è¡åå ã«ããå°èª¬ããªãªã€ã»ã·ã¥ã·ã¥ã®ãã¹ãŠããå®æãæ ç»åããããã®æ ç»ããŸãHD24Pãšããããã£ã«ã 衚çŸã«è¿ãããžã¿ã«æ®åœ±ã«ããæ°ããæ¹æ³ã§è¡ããã仮線éã¯ApplePowerBookãçšããããããã®æ®åœ±æ³ããã¡æ©ãåãå
¥ããäžäººã§ããããŸãã2003幎ã«ã¯WEBé
ä¿¡ãšããæ°ããäžæ æ¹æ³ã§ãè±ãšã¢ãªã¹(ã·ã§ãŒããã£ã«ã )ããå
¬éã
2004幎4æ1æ¥ãããªãã£ã·ã£ã«ã®ãŠã§ãããŒãžã§ã·ããªãªåéããŠãããããªäžŒãã®ã³ãŒããŒãééãããæ¯äœéä¿¡ãããšãplayworks(ãã¬ã€ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹)ããšãããŠã§ããµã€ããéèšããŸãåãããŠã©ãžãªçªçµããåéœéä¿¡ããã¹ã¿ãŒãããã®ãplayworksã(ãããªäžŒã)ã§æ±ãããã·ããªãªãã©ãžãªãã©ããšããŠæ¯é±æŸéãããŠããããã®äžã®äœåãè¹ã®å¥³ç¥ã(2006幎)ããBANDAGE ãã³ãã€ãžã(2010幎)ãæ ç»åããããã¥ãŒãµãŒãšããŠã®æè
ãèŠããã
2005幎ããããµã³ãŒã«ã¹ã«æ ç¹ãç§»ãæŽ»åããŠããã2009幎ã«ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ã»ã¢ã¡ãªã«åäœæ ç»ã§ããããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ãã¢ã€ã©ããŠãŒãã«ç£ç£ã®1人ãšããŠåå ãããªãŠããã«ãŠåã®é·ç·šæ ç»ãvampireããæ®åœ±ããã
æ ç»ç£ç£ã®åžå·åŽãžã®ãªã¹ãã¯ãã瀺ããŠããäºã§ãç¥ãããŠããããåžå·åŽç©èªãã®ç£ç£ãåããã
ããžãã¬ãã®æ·±å€æ ã§ããJOCX-MIDNIGHTã®ã¢ã€ãã£ããã鳿¥œçŸåŠãã補äœããã
ãªãã2009幎暪æµé枯150åšå¹Žèšå¿µããŒãã€ãã³ã(éåœåY150)ã«ãããŠããããã¥ãŒã¹åã³ãåã®ã¢ãã¡èæ¬ãBATONããæãããŠããã
2014幎ãçç·šãTOWN WORKERSãã§åã®ã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³äœåãæãããã
2015幎1æ8æ¥ãããNHKã®Eãã¬ã§ã岩äºä¿äºã®MOVIEã©ãããæŸéã
2015幎2æ20æ¥ãé·ç·šã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³äœåãè±ãšã¢ãªã¹æ®ºäººäºä»¶ããå
¬éãåäœã«åŒãç¶ããããã¹ã³ãŒãã§äœãããçç±ã¯ãå
ã
çã
ããããã¹ã³ãŒããæ°æã¡æªããšæã£ãŠããããã©ã«ãã»ãã¯ã·ã®äœåãèŠãŠãæ¬æ°ããçŸãããæããã®ããã£ããã§ã20幎åãããã¹ãããŠãããããæ°Žæºã«éããã®ã§ææŠããŠãããå®åãç·ã§ãªããã ãã ãšæ°æã¡æªãçµµã«ãªããããé¡ã ãææãã§ãã£ãã©ã«ã¡ãããªã©è©Šè¡é¯èª€ããŠããã
æ¬äœã§ããã¹ã³ãŒãã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒãåããä¹
éé¥åã«ã€ããŠããä¹
éã¡ããã®çµµã¯æä»£çèä¹
æ§ããã£ãŠããã¶ã10幎çµã£ãŠã20幎çµã£ãŠããã°ãçºçããªãããšè©ããŠããã
æ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã®éŽæšæå€«ã«ã¯ããã¢ãã¡æ¥çã§ããã¹ã³ãŒãã¯ã¿ããŒããšåŠå®çãªæèŠãèšãããŠããããæ¬äººã¯ãã¢ãã¡ã®äººéãããããšãããã¯ã¢ãã¡ãããªãã£ãŠäºã«ãªããã§ããããªããã ããããªããã£ãŠãããã§ãåãããããšãã¢ãã¡ã ã£ãŠèšãããŠãç©ãèŠããšãæ¬åœã®äººã®åãã®çŸããã«æ¬ ããèš³ã§ããããããªãã§ãããã ãããã£ãŠããšãèªã£ãŠããã
2016幎2æãNHKã§ã岩äºä¿äºã®MOVIEã©ã ã·ãŒãºã³2ããæŸéã
â YEN TOWN BAND
â Lily Chou-Chou
â LANDS
â ãã¯ãšãã¹ã«ã«
â ikire
â Kyrie
â» ãã ãããSwallowtail Butterfly ~ããã®ãã~ãã¯CHARAãšå°ææŠå²ãšã®å
±åäœè©ããé£ã¹ãªã翌ãããªãªã³ãã¹ããå
æ°ããäºåæ³ã®æŠäºãã¯å°ææŠå²ãšã®å
±åäœè©ããåæ°ãã¯èµ€è¥¿ä»ãšå°ææŠå²ãšã®å
±åäœè©ããåã®å¥œããªè²ãã¯æ€åçŽé³ã®å
±åäœè©ããç¥ããªãäžçãèŠé£œããããæçŽãã¯Chimaãšã®å
±åäœè©ãã幻圱ãããã«ãªã«ãã¯ã¢ã€ãã»ãžã»ãšã³ããšã®å
±åäœè©ãšãªã£ãŠããã
â» ãè±ã¯å²ããã¯ãæ¥æ¬æŸéåäŒã®æ±æ¥æ¬å€§éçœåŸ©èãããžã§ã¯ããã£ãªãã£ãŒãœã³ã°ãšããŠè£œäœãããã
2012幎9æ18æ¥ã«èªèº«ã®Twitterå
¬åŒã¢ã«ãŠã³ãã§ãäžåœäººã«ããæ¥æ¬äŒæ¥ã®å·¥å Žãååºã«å¯Ÿããç Žå£ã»ç¥å¥ªã»æŸç«ãé »çºãã2012幎ã®äžåœã«ãããåæ¥æŽ»åã«é¢ããŠããåœ(æ¥æ¬æ¿åº)ããã®å³¶(å°é£è«žå³¶)ãè²·ãããšãã©ãã ãæçºçãèããã¹ãã ãã䟵ç¥ãããåœ(äžåœ)ããŸã æã£ãŠããŠãåœç¶ããã(æ¥æ¬ã)çžæåœ(äžåœ)ã°ãã責ããã®ã§ã¯çžæã ã£ãŠæãåºãã®ãéçãã ãæ¥æ¬ã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ãäžåœã®ããšãæªãèšãéããŠãããç¥åœãæªãèšããããã©ããªæ°ãããããèããªããã°ãªããªãããšãæ¥æ¬æ¿åºã®å°é£è«žå³¶åœæåãæ¥æ¬äººã®äžåœã«å¯Ÿããæ
床ãéé£ããããŸããäžéã§è¡ãããŠãã忥æè²ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã(䟵ç¥ã)å¿ããŠããŸã£ãŠãæ¥æ¬ã®æ¹ãã©ããããŠãããããèªåœ(æ¥æ¬)ã³ããã®æŽå²è§£éã¯åãå
¥ããããããšæ¥æ¬ã®æŽå²èªèãæ¹å€ããã
ãã®ä»¶ã¯åéåœçŽã§ãå ±ãããããããäŒãããæé®®æ¥å ±ãã®ã³ã¡ã³ãæ¬ã§ã¯å²©äºãè³è³ããæžã蟌ã¿ãçžæ¬¡ãã ããŸããäžåœäººæ°è§£æŸè»ç·æ¿æ²»éšãåºçããæ°èãè§£æŸè»å ±ãã®ãæ¥æ¬æ¿åºã¯æãæ¹ããªããšãèªãèŠãçµæãå³ããããšã«ãªãããšé¡ããèšäºã®äžã§ããæ¥æ¬ã®æçºè¡çºãæ¹å€ããæ£çŸ©ã®å£°ããšããŠå²©äºã®ãã®çºèšãåãäžããããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E4%BA%95%E4%BF%8A%E4%BA%8C
|
8,108 |
éå±±çæ²»
|
éå±± çæ²»(ããã㟠ãããã1964幎7æ13æ¥ - 2022幎3æ21æ¥)ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®æ ç»ç£ç£ãå°èª¬å®¶ã鳿¥œå®¶ãæ ç»æ¹è©å®¶ãå
倿©çŸè¡å€§åŠææã劻ã¯å¥³åªã®ãšããçåžã
çŠå²¡çåä¹å·åžåºèº«ãçŠå²¡çç«éåžé«çåŠæ ¡åšåŠæã«ã¯é³æ¥œæŽ»åãããŠãããããã€ãã®ãã³ãçµéšãçµãåŸã«åºç³æŠåœŠããšãã³ããUP-BEAT UNDERGROUNDã(åŸã®UP-BEAT)ãçµæããããéå±±ã¯å€§åŠåéšã®ããã«é«æ ¡3幎çã®æç¹ã§ãã³ããè±éããŠããã
1989幎ãç«æå€§åŠæåŠéšè±ç±³æåŠç§åæ¥ãç«æå€§åŠäžè¬æè²éšã§ãè®å¯Šé圊ã®ãæ ç»è¡šçŸè«ãã®ææ¥ãã匷ã圱é¿ãåããã
倧åŠåæ¥åŸããã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã»ã«ã³ãããŒã®çŸå Žã«åå ãããªãŒã®å©ç£ç£ã«ãªããäž»ã«é»æ²¢æž
ãäºçå幞çµã«å°±ããåäžä»£ã®æ°é²ç£ç£ãããã¯ã¢ããã
1995幎ã黿²¢ã®æšèŠã«ããã Vã·ãããæç§æžã«ãªãã!ãã§ç£ç£ããã¥ãŒã
1996幎ãå©ç£ç£æä»£ã«ç¥ãåã£ãä»é æŠåãããã¥ãŒãµãŒãšçµã¿ãåã®åå Žçšé·ç·šæ ç»ãHelplessããæãããã
2000幎ã®ã«ã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥ã§ãç£ç£äœåãEUREKAããåœéæ¹è©å®¶é£çè³ãšãšãã¥ã¡ããã¯è³ãåè³ãç¿å¹Žãåäœã®ããã©ã€ãºå°èª¬ãEUREKAãã§ç¬¬14åäžå³¶ç±çŽå€«è³ãåè³ãããäžççãªè©äŸ¡ãéããã
ãã®åŸããæã®ç æŒ ãããã¬ã€ã¯ãµã€ã ããŒããŒã±ãŒã¹ããããšãªã»ãšãªã»ã¬ãã»ãµãã¯ã¿ãããããµãã ãŽã¡ã±ã€ã·ã§ã³ããªã©ã®äœåãç£ç£ããã
2010幎ãèæžãã·ãã21 éå±±çæ²»æ ç»è«+αéæ2001-2010ããçºè¡šã
2011幎ãäžæµŠæ¥éŠ¬äž»æŒã®ãæ±äº¬å
¬åãã第64åãã«ã«ãåœéæ ç»ç¥ã§éè±¹è³å¯©æ»å¡ç¹å¥è³ãåè³ãå幎ã黿²¢æž
ãšè®å¯Šé圊ãšã®å
±èãæ ç»é·è©±ããçºè¡šããã
2012幎4æã倿©çŸè¡å€§åŠé 圢衚çŸåŠéšæ åæŒååŠç§ææã«å°±ä»»ã
2013幎ãç°äžæ
匥åäœãèäºæŽåœŠèæ¬ã®ãå
±å°ãããçºè¡šããã
2021幎æ¥é ã«é£éããã倿ãé颿²»çãç¶ããŠãããããã®åŸå®¹æ
ãæªåãå
¥é¢ã2022幎3æ21æ¥0æ30åãé žéšé£éããã®ãããæ»å»ããã57æ³ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B1%B1%E7%9C%9F%E6%B2%BB
|
8,109 |
åæéŸå¹³
|
åæ éŸå¹³(ãããã ãã
ããžãã1969幎ãæå44幎ã5æ30æ¥ - )ã¯ãDGA(å
šç±³æ ç»TVç£ç£çµå)ã«æå±ããæ¥æ¬äººæ ç»ç£ç£ãæ åäœå®¶ãèæ¬å®¶ããããã¥ãŒãµãŒã倧éªåºçãŸããè¡æ¶²åOåãã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢åšäœã
倧éªåºè±äžåžåºèº«ãå¹Œå°æã¯æ¥æ¬åå°ã転ã
ãšããŠéããã髿 ¡ãäžéãã17æ³ã§ãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ã®ã·ãããŒãžæž¡ããSchool of Visual Arts Australiaæ ç»ç§ã«å
¥åŠã忥å¶äœã®çç·šæ ç»ãEXIT -ã€ã°ãžãã-ããé«ãè©äŸ¡ãåãã幎éæåªç§ç£ç£è³ãåè³ã
åž°åœåŸãé«çåŠæ ¡åæ¥çšåºŠèªå®è©Šéš(æ§å€§åŠå
¥åŠè³æ Œæ€å®)ãåéšãé«åèªå®ãååŸãèäœåŽåããæ¿æ²»å®¶ç§æžãŸã§ããŸããŸãªä»äºãçµéšããŠäžçãå·¡ãããã³ã掻åãªã©ãããªããèªäž»æ ç»ãå¶äœã
1996幎ã6人ã®ä»²éã§èªäž»å¶äœããã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã»ãã©ãŒæ ç»ãããŠã³ã»ãã¥ã»ãã«ããæã¡ãæ±äº¬ã§å£²ã蟌ã¿ãéå§ãç¿å¹Žã第1åã€ã³ãã£ãŒãºã ãŒããŒã»ãã§ã¹ãã£ãã«å
¥éžäœ30äœåã«éžã°ããå
šåœã®TSUTAYAã§ã¬ã³ã¿ã«ãããªåããã第1åå代ã°ã©ã³ããªãåè³ã
1999å¹Žãæž¡éšç¯€éäž»æŒã»ãããã¥ãŒã¹ãéŽæšäžçãæ³è°·ãããåºæŒã§èªäž»å¶äœãããã£ã«ã ãã¯ãŒã«ãããŒãã»ã¢ãã¿ãŒã»ããŒã¯ããããã°ãåœéãã¡ã³ã¿ã¹ãã£ãã¯æ ç»ç¥ã§ã®äžæ ãçµãŠæ¥æŽ»é
絊ã§åå Žå
¬éããã忥ç£ç£ãšããŠããã¥ãŒãããå
¬éåã«ãã¡æ©ããã®äœåã芳ãåºçã»æ åãããã¥ãŒãµãŒé«æ©ä¿¡ä¹ããã®æèœã«æã蟌ã¿ãèªç€Ÿã§ããã¹ã¿ãžãªã»ããŒãå
ã«ãåæéŸå¹³éšéããäœãããšå£°ããããåæéŸå¹³ãšé·å¹Žã®æ å補äœã®ä»²éã§ãã£ãé²å士éã®äºäººã§ãããŒã ã»ãã£ã«ã ãºãèšç«ããåã®é·ç·šæ ç»ãšãªããVERSUSãã®è£œäœã«çæãèªäž»å¶äœäœå¶ã ã£ãããã床éãªãè³éé£ãšæ®åœ±äžæãç¹°ãè¿ããªãããçŽåŸãããŸã§æ®åœ±ãç¶ãã宿ãŸã§äžå¹Žè¿ããèŠããã
2001幎ããã©ã³ã¹ã®ãžã§ã©ã«ã¡åœéãã¡ã³ã¿ã¹ãã£ãã¯æ ç»ç¥ã«ãŠãVERSUSãã®ã¯ãŒã«ããã¬ãã¢äžæ ãè¡ããããå¹éªã®äžãæ·±å€0æããã®äžæ ã«ããããããåå Žã«ã¯é·èã®åãã§ããäžæ äžããåéãå·»ãèµ·ãããåœææå€§æã ã£ãæ ç»ã¬ãã¥ãŒãµã€ãAinât It Cool Newsã«çµ¶è³ã®ã¬ãã¥ãŒãåºããšåã¯ç¬ãéã«äžçã«åºãããæ°é±éåŸãåæã®å
ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æ ç»äŒç€Ÿãã©ããã¯ã¹ããé£çµ¡ããããæ¬¡åäœã®äŒç»ãåªå
çã«èŠãããšãã§ããããã¡ãŒã¹ãã«ãã¯å¥çŽããçµã¶ãç¡åã®ç£ç£ãèªäž»æ ç»ããã£ããã«ããªãŠãããšå¥çŽãããšããåãæ¥æ¬æ ç»çã«åºãããåããŠèªäž»å¶äœäœå¶ã§ã¯ãªãåºè³ãåããŠã髿©ããã åäœæŒ«ç»ãALIVEãã®å®åæ ç»åã«çæã髿©ã¯ãããŸã§èªäœã®æ ç»åã®è©±ãäœåºŠãé æ«ããŠããããšããããæ ç»é¢ä¿è
ã«äžä¿¡æãæã£ãŠãããããVERSUSãã芳ãŠãã®ã¹ããŒãªãŒããªã³ã°ãäžç芳ãé«ãè©äŸ¡ããåæãšäŒãææ°æåããæ ç»åã蚱諟ããã
æ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒæ²³åçä¹ãåæã®æèœãæ©ãããèªããŠãã1人ã§ãèªèº«ãé²ããŠãã7人ã®ç£ç£ã«ããçç·šãªã ããã¹ãJam Filmsãã«åæãææ¢ãåæã¯ãthe messenger - åŒãã¯å€ã®æãŠã§ -ãã§åå ããã
ãVERSUSãã¯åç±³ãã¬ãã¢ãšãªã£ãããã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥ãå§ããšããŠäžçäžã®æ ç»ç¥ã«æåŸ
ãããããŒãåœéãã¡ã³ã¿ã¹ãã£ãã¯æ ç»ç¥ã§ã¯æåªç§ç£ç£è³ãåè³ãæ¥æ¬ã§ãæ¥æ¬ã€ã³ãã£ãã³ãã³ãæ ç»ç¥ã§åªç§ç£ç£è³ããæ°è€å
Œäººè³ã§éè³ãåè³ããã
2002幎ãäºåºŠç®ã®åå ãšãªã£ãããã°ãåœéãã¡ã³ã¿ã¹ãã£ãã¯æ ç»ç¥ã§ãVERSUSããäžæ ããåèçäžè³ã»ãã¡ã³ã¿ã©ã³ã女çè³ãåè³ãã²ã¹ããšããŠæ¥ãŠãããããã¥ãŒãµãŒã®å±±æ¬åäžæãäœåããããŠåæèªèº«ã«æéãåããŠèªåãé²ããŠããå°å±±ããåäœæŒ«ç»ã®æ ç»åãããã¿ãã®ç£ç£ãæèšºãå°å±±ããäœåã®å€§ãã¡ã³ã§ãã£ãåæã快諟ãå±±æ¬ãšåæã§èæ¬ãäœãã®ã¯é£èªãããã䞊è¡ããŠå€§èŠæš¡ãªãªãŒãã£ã·ã§ã³ãè¡ãããããããã¿ãã®æºåãé²ãäžããã€ãã®æ ç»ç¥ã§åºäŒãããäºãã®äœåã®ãã¡ã³ã§ããã£ãå €å¹žåœŠç£ç£ãããã¯ã³ã·ãã¥ãšãŒã·ã§ã³ã§2äººãæŠãäœåãç«¶äœãããããšæã¡ããããã倧沢ãããã»å è€é
ä¹äž»æŒã«ããæä»£åãèç¥ãã9æ¥éã§æ®åœ±ãå €ã«ããå°æ± æ åã»é波麻åžäž»æŒã2LDKããšäºæ¬ç«ãŠãããžã§ã¯ããDUELããšããŠå®æããããVERSUSãããALIVEãã詊åã§èгãã²ãŒã ã»ã¯ãªãšã€ã¿ãŒå°å³¶ç§å€«ããã®äŸé Œã§äžçç倧ãããã²ãŒã ãã¡ã¿ã«ã®ã¢ãœãªããã第1äœã®ã²ãŒã ãã¥ãŒãçãªã¡ã€ã¯ã§ãããMETAL GEAR SOLID THE TWIN SNAKESãã®ã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã£ããã£ã·ãŒã³ã®æŒåºãä»»ãããããŒã¿ã«ã§4æéã«æž¡ãã ãŒããŒã·ãŒã³ãæŒåºã
2003幎1æããã¬ãææ¥ç³»åã§é«æ©ããã åäœãéç±çŸåäž»æŒãã¹ã«ã€ãã€ããæŸéãããæ·±å€æ ã«ããããããé«èŠèŽçãèšé²ããããã®äŒç»ã¯ãããã¿ãã®æ®åœ±æºåäžã«é£èŒãå§ãŸã£ã1話ç®ãèªãã åæãæ²³åçä¹ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã«äŒç»ãæã¡èŸŒã¿å®çŸãé¶Žç°æ³ç·ãç¯ åå²éãéåä¿®ä»ãäžåä¿ã麻çåŠãšãã£ãæ ç»ç£ç£ãåãšããœãŒããæ
åœãåæã¯æçµè©±ããã§ã€ã¹ãã®æŒåºãããã³ãšã³ãã£ã³ã°æŒåºãwyolicaã«ãããšã³ãã£ã³ã°ããŒãæ²ãMercy Me ~ãã€ãå
ãæ±ããããã«~ããã¥ãŒãžãã¯ãããªã®æŒåºãæãããã å幎5æãå
šåœæ±å®ç³»ã§äžæžåœ©äž»æŒãããã¿ãå
¬éã宣äŒãã£ã³ããŒã³ã§ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ããå
ã«ããªãŠãããç®ãã€ããããšæ°ããæèœãšããŠåæããã£ãŒãã£ãŒããããå幎6æãALIVEãã10æãèç¥ãã11æãã¹ã«ã€ãã€åå Žçããšç¶ãããŸã«åæäœåãå
¬éãããããèç¥ãã¯ããªã¥ãã»ã«åœéãã¡ã³ã¿ã¹ãã£ãã¯æ ç»ç¥ã«æåŸ
ãããã³ã³ãéšéã§éè³ãåè³ã
2004幎ããããã¿ãããµã³ãã³ã¹æ ç»ç¥ãç®åãã«å
šç±³åå°ã®æ ç»ç¥ã§äžæ ããããã¹ãã³ã»ã€ã³ãã£ãã³ãã³ãæ ç»ç¥ã§ã¯å¯©æ»å¡ç¹å¥è³ãããã£ã©ãã«ãã£ã¢æ ç»ç¥ã§ã¯èг客è³ãåè³ãããå幎ã®ãããã¿ãã®å®çžŸãé«ãè©äŸ¡ããããŽãžã©çèª50åšå¹Žã«ããŠæçµäœ(åœæ)ã§ããè¶
倧äœããŽãžã© FINAL WARSãã®ç£ç£ã«å²äžæå¹Žå°ã§ææ¢ãæ¬ç·šã»ç¹æ®ã»æµ·å€ã®äžçäœå¶ã«ããæ¥æ¬åå°ãã·ãããŒãäžæµ·ãããªãªã©ã§ãã±ãè¡ãããã宿ããäœåã¯æ¥æ¬æ ç»ãšããŠåãšãªãããªãŠããã®ãã£ã€ããŒãºã»ã·ã¢ã¿ãŒã§ã®ã¯ãŒã«ããã¬ãã¢ãè¡ãããåœæ¥ã«ã¯ããªãŠããã»ãŠã©ãŒã¯ã»ãªãã»ãã§ãŒã ã«æ¥æ¬ã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãšããŠåããŠç»é²ãããããããŸã§ã®ãŽãžã©ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžãäžæ°ãããã®ãããªãã³ã¹ãããæªç£ããã«ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãè¿æªæ¥çãªäžç芳ãªã©ãæã¡èŸŒãã äœé¢šã¯è³åŠäž¡è«ãåŒã³ãæ¥æ¬ã§ã®å
¬éæã®èè¡æçžŸã¯æ¯ãããªãã£ãããå
¬éããæéãçµã€ã«ã€ãè©äŸ¡ãé«ãŸãã2023幎5æã«Collider.comãçºè¡šããæŽä»£å
šãŽãžã©æ ç»ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã§ã¯5äœã«ã©ã³ã¯ã€ã³ãããã«ã¯å
¬éãã19å¹Žã®æãçµãŠåœæã®å¶äœãæãäžããããŽãžã©FINAL WARSã³ã³ããªãŒã·ã§ã³ããšããã¡ã€ãã³ã°æ¬ãçºå£²ããããªã©ä»ãæ ¹åŒ·ã人æ°ãèªãã
2005幎ããVERSUSã以æ¥ãšãªãèªäž»å¶äœäœå¶ã§çåã»é«æ©ããã ã®çç·šã«ã€ã³ã¹ãã€ã¢ããããã©ããã¹ããèæ¬ã»ç£ç£ã»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒãšããŠè£œäœãåæã«å²©äºä¿äºèæ¬ã»ãããã¥ãŒã¹ã§90幎代ãã³ãããŒã ãæã鿥æ ç»ãBANDAGEããæå®®å¯è²Žäž»æŒã§æºåããŠããããã¯ã©ã³ã¯ã€ã³æ°é±éåã«åé¡ãçºçã補äœã¯äžæ¢ãšãªã£ãããã®äœåã¯åŸã«å°ææŠå²ç£ç£ã赀西ä»äž»æŒã§è£œäœãã2008幎ã«å
¬éãããã
2006幎ããããã¿ãå
šç±³å
¬éã«åããŠãµã³ãã£ãšãŽã»ã³ãã³ã³ã§åç±³ãã¬ãã¢ãè¡ããããã²ã¹ãã§æ¥å ŽããŠããåæã¯ã¢ãã¿ãŒããŒãã£ãŒäŒå Žã§åæã®å€§ãã¡ã³ã ãšãããµãã¥ãšã«ã»Lã»ãžã£ã¯ãœã³ãšäŒããææ°æåããµãã¥ãšã«ãæå±ããŠãããããžã¡ã³ãäŒç€Ÿãã¢ãããã¹ã»ã³ã³ãã³ããšå¥çŽãå幎9æãåã³èšªããããµã³ãŒã«ã¹ã§ã¬ã€ã¯ã·ã§ã¢ã»ãšã³ã¿ãã€ã³ã¡ã³ãã®ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒããã ã»ããŒãŒã³ããŒã°ããã¯ã©ã€ãã»ããŒã«ãŒåäœãããããã€ãã»ããŒãã»ãã¬ã€ã³ãã®ç£ç£ããªãã¡ãŒããããããåæã®ããªãŠããé²åºäœãšãªãã
2007幎ãã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢ã«ç§»äœããŠãã©ãããªãŒã»ã¯ãŒããŒäž»æŒãããããã€ãã»ããŒãã»ãã¬ã€ã³ãã®è£œäœã«å
¥ãã
2009幎ããããããã€ãã»ããŒãã»ãã¬ã€ã³ãããžã§ã©ã«ã¡åœéãã¡ã³ã¿ã¹ãã£ãã¯æ ç»ç¥ã§SF審æ»å¡è³ã芳客è³ãããã«åè³ãæšªæµæž¯é枯150åšå¹Žãèšå¿µãããéåœåY150ãã®ãããªãªã³ãæªæ¥ã·ã¢ã¿ãŒã®ããã«å²©äºä¿äºèæ¬ã»ãããã¥ãŒã¹ãäžæžåœ©ã»åžåéŒäººäž»æŒã®ã¢ãã¡äœåãBATONããç£ç£ããã®äœåã¯ããã¹ã³ãŒããšèšãããææ³ã§å®éã«ä¿³åªã䜿ã£ãŠæ®åœ±ããããããã¬ãŒã¹ããŠã¢ãã¡åããã
2010幎ãã¢ã«ãããŒè³ä¿³åªãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ããŒãäž»æŒã®ãã©ãŒãHELLGATEãããããã¥ãŒã¹ã
2012幎ãã«ãŒã¯ã»ãšãŽã¡ã³ã¹äž»æŒã®ã¹ãªã©ãŒãã©ãŒãããŒã»ã¯ã³ã»ãªãŽãºããããã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥ã§ã¯ãŒã«ããã¬ãã¢ããVERSUSããALIVEãã«ç¶ã3床ç®ã®ããã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥æåŸ
ãšãªã£ãã
2014幎ãã¢ã³ããŒãã³ãåäœã®åœæ°ç挫ç»ã»ã¢ãã¡ãã«ãã³äžäžãå®åæ ç»åã§6幎ã¶ãã«æ¥æ¬æ ç»ãç£ç£ãå°æ æ¬ãçå±±éäºãç¶Ÿéåã黿šã¡ã€ãµãæµ
éå¿ ä¿¡ãšãã£ã豪è¯ãã£ã¹ãã«ãæ¥æ¬ã»ã¿ã€ã§ã®é·æãã±ãæ¢è¡ãã¹ãã€ã³ããæ®åœ±ç£ç£ããéåœããVFXãšã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ããŒã ãæèããåœéçãªããŒã ãç·šæãèè¡åå
¥24å5åäžåãèšé²ã
2017幎ãããªãŠããã«æ»ãåã³èªäž»å¶äœäœå¶ã§æ®ã£ããã€ãªã¬ã³ã¹ã»ã¹ãªã©ãŒãããŠã³ã¬ã³ãžãã4床ç®ã®ããã³ãåœéãã¡ã³ã¿ã¹ãã£ãã¯æ ç»ç¥ã§ã¯ãŒã«ããã¬ãã¢äžæ ãããããã®åŸãã¹ãã€ã³ã®ã·ããã§ã¹ã»ã«ã¿ããã¢åœéæ ç»ç¥ãéå±±åœéæ ç»ç¥ãªã©ã«æåŸ
ãã倧ããªåé¿ãåŸãã
2020幎ãã«ããŒã»ããŒãºããžã£ã³ã»ã¬ãäž»æŒã®ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³æ ç»ããã¢ãã³ããçºè¡šãã³ããçŠã«ãããããã¯ããŠã³ã®åœ±é¿ã§åå Žå
¬éã§ã¯ãªãé
ä¿¡ãªãªãŒã¹ãããããäž»ã ã£ãé
ä¿¡ãµã€ãã§ãã¹ã5ã«ã©ã³ã¯ã€ã³ãå
šç±³å€§æã®ã¬ã³ã¿ã«ãµãŒãã¹ãã¬ããããã¯ã¹ãã§ã¯åç»å Ž1äœãèšé²ããã
2022幎ããšããŒã«ã»ããŒã·ã¥ãã¹ãã£ãŒãã³ã»ããŒãäž»æŒã®ãã©ãŒãTHE PRICE WE PAYããç£ç£ã»ãããã¥ãŒã¹ãããªã¥ãã»ã«åœéãã¡ã³ã¿ã¹ãã£ãã¯æ ç»ç¥ã§ã¯ãŒã«ããã¬ãã¢äžæ ãããåæã«é·å¹Žã®è²¢ç®ãè©äŸ¡ãããŠæ ç»ç¥ããæ èªç§°å·ã§ãããã€ã(éšå£«å·)ãæäžãããããããæäžãããã®ã¯ã¢ãžã¢äººç£ç£ãšããŠã¯ãã¯ã»ãã£ãã¯ç£ç£ã«æ¬¡ãã§2çªç®ãæ¥æ¬äººç£ç£ãšããŠã¯åãå幎10æã8幎ã¶ãã®æ¥æ¬æ ç»ãšãªã髿©ããã åäœãã®ããéè麊ã倧島åªåäž»æŒã倩éèã®äžå§åйããçºè¡šããã¶ã€ããŒåå±±åä¹ãšå
±ã«æ°é²æ°éã®ã¢ãã¬ã«ãã©ã³ããXROSSCOUNTER(ã¯ãã¹ã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒ)ããèšç«ã
æ ç»çãèžèœçã«ã¯å人ãå°ãªããšèªã£ãŠããããè¥ãããã«è¥æŸåäºã髿©äŒŽæã«å€§å€ãäžè©±ã«ãªã£ããšå
¬èšããŠãããè¥æŸã¯ãããŒãã»ã¢ãã¿ãŒã»ããŒã¯ãã§åæã®æèœãé«ãè©äŸ¡ããŠãããæ°å®¿ããããã©ã¹ã¯ã³ã§ãGATEBREAKããšããæ ç»ã€ãã³ããå
±å¬ãããå €å¹žåœŠã¯æ©ãããåæã®æèœãè©äŸ¡ããŠç«¶äœãæã¡ãããDUELããããžã§ã¯ããå®çŸãäœé¢šã¯å
šç¶éãããšãŠã話ãåãå°æ¬ããç£ç£ãšããŠå²©äºä¿äºãæããŠãããã¢ãã¡æ ç»ãBATONãã§ã®ã³ã©ããå§ãã岩äºã®çªçµã«åæãåºæŒããããäºäººã®äœåã®ãªãŒã«ãã€ãäžæ ã€ãã³ããéå¬ããããšèŠªäº€ãæ·±ãã
鳿¥œã«ç²ŸéããŠãããåç°å¥äžãwyolicaããã«ãã°ã©ãã£ãã£ãããŒã«ã»ã®ã«ããŒããhydeãããŒã¹ã»ãšããŒãœã³ã倧å康平ãåžè¢å¯
æ³°ãç眮浩äºãçµ¢éŠãªã©éã
ãããã¥ãŒãžã·ã£ã³ãšãµãŠã³ããã©ãã¯ãäž»é¡æãããŒãæ²ãªã©ã§ã¿ãã°ãçµã¿ãäžåп代ããç±ççãã¡ã³ã ã£ãé·æžåãšã¯å
åŒãšåŒã³åã仲ã§ãããé·æžãæ
é·é¹¿å
å³¶ã§è¡ã£ããªãŒã«ãã€ãã³ã³ãµãŒãã§ã¯DVD4æçµã®å€§äœã©ã€ãããã¥ã¡ã³ã¿ãªãŒãç£ç£ããã®åŸãCMããã¥ãŒãžãã¯ãããªãææããããã¥ãŒãžã·ã£ã³ã倧å¢åºæŒããŠãããã©ããã¹ãã§ã¯æ¬æããKANãå£èª¬ããŠä¿³åªãšããŠããã¥ãŒãããå
¬éæã«ã¯ãã©ããã¹ã©ã€ãããšéæã£ãã©ã€ãã€ãã³ããæžè°·AXã«ãŠå€§ååº·å¹³ãæŠç°çæ²»ãDJ DRAGONãKANãå·æããããIZAMããšéå¬ããã«ãã³äžäžãå
¬éæã«ãã©ã€ãã€ãã³ãããã©ã«ãããéå¬ããé£å
倧èµã黿šæžãè€åçŽéŠãæŠç°çæ²»ãããžã·ã£ã³ã®ã»ããªã©è±ªè¯ã²ã¹ããšå
±ã«èªããã¹ããŒãžã§æãæ«é²ãããæ ç»ã倩éèã®äžå§åйãã«ããã¥ãŒãžã·ã£ã³ã®é«æ©ãžã§ãŒãžãã€ã®ã âïžã²ãããŠãŠãµãã€ãã²ã¹ãåºæŒããŠããããã¹ã§ç¥ãåã£ããžã£ãºã»ãã¢ãã¹ãããšãªãã¯ã»ã«ã€ã¹ã®æŒå¥ãèŽããŠæèœã«æã蟌ã¿ãã¥ãŒãžãã¯ãããªãç£ç£ãæ¥æ¬ã®ã¬ã³ãŒãäŒç€Ÿã®ç¥äººã«éã£ãããšããæ¥æ¬ããã¥ãŒãšãã«ãŒããŒããã¢ãŒã決ãŸã£ãããšãã
èªãããã¯ã·ã³ã°ãå£éã空æã®çµéšããããæ Œéå®¶å
šè¬ã«ã詳ããå人ãå€ããããã¬ã¹ã©ãŒãç·åæ Œéå®¶ã®è¹æšèª åãäœåºŠãäœåã«èµ·çšããŠãããããŽãžã©FINAL WARSãã§ã¯ãã³ã»ãã©ã€ãã¬ã€ã»ã»ãã©ãŒãã²ãŒãªãŒã»ã°ãããªããžãããããããã€ãã»ããŒãã»ãã¬ã€ã³ãã§ã¯ã¯ã€ã³ãã³ã»ã©ã³ãã€ãžã»ãžã£ã¯ãœã³ã俳åªããã¥ãŒãããã
å
±ã«çç·šãªã ããã¹ããã¹ã¿ãŒãºã»ãªãã»ãã©ãŒããäœã£ãããã¯ã»ã®ã£ãªã¹ããžã§ãŒã»ãã³ããšãã£ãããã©ã³ç£ç£ãå§ããããªãŠããããã¥ãŒäœãšãªã£ããããããã€ãã»ããŒãã»ãã¬ã€ã³ãã®åäœè
ã§ããèªããæ ç»ç£ç£ã§ããã¯ã©ã€ãã»ããŒã«ãŒãå§ããšããŠãã®ã¬ã«ã¢ã»ãã«ã»ããããžã§ãŒã ãºã»ã¯ã³ããã³ã©ã¹ã»ã±ã€ãžãã¢ã«ã»ãããŒããã±ãŽã£ã³ã»ã³ã¹ããŒããã¢ãã»ãªãŒãŽã¹ãªã©ããªãŠããã«ãåæã®æèœãè©äŸ¡ããè
ã¯å€ããã¯ãšã³ãã£ã³ã»ã¿ã©ã³ãã£ãŒãã¯ãœãããã³ã¯ã®CMã§æ¥æ¥ããæãå
±æŒã®ãã³ãã»ã«ãŒãŽã¡ãŒã«ãããã¿ãã§äžæžåœ©ã®ãã¡ã³ã ãšèšã£ããããããã·ã³ã»ã·ãã£ãã®åäœè
ã§å
±åç£ç£ã®ãã©ã³ã¯ã»ãã©ãŒããããã¿ãã®å€§ãã¡ã³ã§ããã圹ãäžæžåœ©ã«ãªãã¡ãŒãããã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®éœåãã€ããããã®åœ¹ã¯ããŽã©ã³ã»éæšãæŒããããšãšãªã£ããæ¥æ¬ã§ã人æ°ã®ããã»ãªãŒã»ã¹ã¯ã¬ãŒã»ã·ãªãŒãºã§ç¥ãããäœå®¶ã®ã¹ãã£ãŒãã³ã»ãã³ã¿ãŒã¯æ¥æ¬ãèå°ã«ããã47çªç®ã®ç·ãã®åé ã§é»æŸ€æãäžé
ç æ¬¡ãæä»£åã®åå ç£ç£ãã®ååãšå
±ã«åæã®åãæãè³èŸãè¿°ã¹ãŠãããããã«åäžã§äž»äººå
¬ããããã¿ãã芳ãªããèªãã·ãŒã³ããããã®ã£ã¬ã¹ã»ãšãŽã¡ã³ã¹ã®ãã¶ã»ã¬ã€ã GOKUDOã ã§ã¯ååæã«æœå
¥ææ»ãã䞻人å
¬ã®å人çªå·ããVERSUSãã®äž»äººå
¬ãšåãKSC2-303ã ã£ãããã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã«ããããŒãããããã©ãããªãŒã»ã¯ãŒããŒäž»æŒãäžçã«ã²ãšã€ã®ãã¬ã€ããã¯ãã®åäžã«åºãŠããæ ç»é€šã®ãã¹ã¿ãŒããããããã€ãã»ããŒãã»ãã¬ã€ã³ãã ã£ãããã¯ãªã¹ãã£ã³ã»ããŒã«äž»æŒããã¡ãŒãã¹/蚣å¥ã®æãã®åé ããã©ã€ãã€ã³ã·ã¢ã¿ãŒã§äžæ ãããŠããã®ããããããã€ãã»ããŒãã»ãã¬ã€ã³ãã ã£ãããšããªããŒãžã¥ãæ§ããããããšãå€ãããã©ã³ã¹ã®åå ãžã£ã³ã»ãªã¥ãã¯ã»ãŽããŒã«ã¯èªãã®äœåãã¢ã¯ãŒã»ãã¥ãŒãžãã¯ãã§ãVERSUSããåŒçšããŠããã
1980å¹Žä»£ã®æ ç»ã鳿¥œãæ¬ã«å€å€§ãªåœ±é¿ãåãããšèªã£ãŠãããã¢ãŒãç³»ã®æ ç»ä»¥å€ã¯ãžã£ã³ã«ãåããã©ããªæ ç»ã§ã芳ããç¹ã«ããã€ã©ã³ããŒããããããããã¯ã¹2ããããšã€ãªã¢ã³2ãããã³ãã³ããŒããªã©ã®ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã13æ¥ã®éææ¥ããããšã«ã è¡ã®æªå€¢ããªã©ã®ãã©ãŒãã¹ãã©ãã¿ãŒããŸã³ãæ ç»ã®åœ±é¿ã倧ããããã¬ã€ã¯äœãšãªã£ããVERSUSãã®æã¯ãšã«ããèªåã®å¥œããªãã®ãå
šéšè©°ã蟌ã¿ããã€ã©ã³ããŒããšããŸã³ãããšããµã ã©ã€ããšãã¬ã¶ãã¢ã»ããã°ã¹ããšããã¯ã¹ãããšèªã£ãŠãããå°æ¬ããç£ç£ã¯ãžã§ãŒãžã»ãã©ãŒããžã§ãŒã ãºã»ãã£ã¡ãã³ãã©ãã»ã«ã»ãã«ã±ã€ãªã©ãéŠç»ã§ã¯ãäžäžã®æããéçã®èšŒæããå€åããã¹ã¯ããŠãã€ã«ããæŠåœèªè¡éããéæ³ããªã©ã®ãã¡ã³ãå
¬èšããŠãããäœé¢šçã«ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ããã©ãŒã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžã匷ãããã§ã€ããªããäœåãèããããšããã¡ã³ãã³ãŽãããªãã«ã»ããã³ã¹ããèªããããã€ã»ããã£ãŒã¬ãŒãããªã©ã®éæ¥æ ç»ãçããããšãå€ãã
ãã¡ãã·ã§ã³ã»ãã¶ã€ããŒã®åå±±åä¹ãšçµã¿ãã¢ãã¬ã«ã»ãµã³ãã©ã»ã°ããºãäœããã©ã³ããã¯ãã¹ã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒãç«ã¡äžãããæ¬æããæ¥æ¬æ ç»ãäžäžã€ã®æãã®äžåºŠã鳿ºåãããããšã®ãªããµãŠã³ããã©ãã¯çŽ æãçºæã»ã¬ã¹ãã¢ãäžçåCDåãã¯ãã¹ã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒã¬ã³ãŒãããçºå£²ããçºå£²èšå¿µãšããŠãªãã€ãã«äžæ ãå®çŸã80幎代ã®ã«ã«ãæ ç»ããšã¯ã¹ã¿ãããŒã¿ãŒãã®ãµãŠã³ããã©ãã¯ããŽã¡ã€ãã«ãšCDã§çºå£²ããåæã«Tã·ã£ããããŒã«ãŒãçºè¡šãããã«ã¯ã€ã³ãã«ãšã³ãµãŒã»ãžã§ããã³ãŒã¹ã¿ãŒç·ãšã³ã©ãããŠãã¬ã·ãã¹ããŒã©ã³ããå¿æ©ã¹ãã€ã³æã®ãžã§ããã³ãŒã¹ã¿ãŒTã·ã£ãããèªèº«ããã¡ã³ã ã£ããšãã80幎代ã¬ããã²ãŒã ã®Tã·ã£ããªã©ãå±éããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9D%91%E9%BE%8D%E5%B9%B3
|
8,110 |
ã¯ãã¶ã
|
ã¯ãã¶ãããã€ããµãéŒãHayabusa
| true | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95
|
8,111 |
å°æ°
|
å°æ°(ãè±: decimal)ãšã¯ãäœåãèšæ°æ³ãšå°æ°ç¹ãçšããŠå®æ°ã衚çŸããããã®è¡šèšæ³ã§ããã
0 è¶
é 1 æªæºã®æ°ããåæ°ã䜿ããã«è¡šçŸããæ¹æ³ã®äžã€ã1 ãæ¡ã®åºæ° N ã§ P åå²ã£ãæ°ã®æ¡ããå°æ°ç¬¬ P äœãšããŠè¡šçŸããã
äŸãã°ãå鲿³ã§ 1425 ã®çŸåã®äžã«çžåœããæ°ã¯ãå°æ°ãšå°æ°ç¹(ããªãªããŸãã¯ã³ã³ã)ãçšããŠã
ãŸãã¯ã
ã®ããã«è¡šçŸãã(ãªããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯å°æ°ç¹ãšããŠããªãªããçšããããšãã»ãšãã©ã§ãã)ãå°æ°ç¹ããå·ŠãæŽæ°éš(å)ãšåŒãã§ãå³ããäžã®äœãåã®äœã®æ°ãèšè¿°ãããå°æ°ç¹ããå³ã¯å°æ°éš(å)ãšåŒãã§ã1 ããå°ããäœãšããŠãå·Šããååã®äžã®äœãçŸåã®äžã®äœã®æ°ãé ã«èšè¿°ãããäžã«æããæ°ã®å Žåã«ã¯ãåã®äœã¯ã1ããäžã®äœã¯ã4ããååã®äžã®äœã¯ã2ããçŸåã®äžã®äœã¯ã5ããšãªããããå°ããæ°ã衚çŸããå Žåã«ã¯ããã®åŸã«ãååã®äžã®äœãããäžäžåã®äžã®äœããšé ã«äœãå¢ããããšã§å¯Ÿå¿ããããšãã§ããã
å°æ°éšåã®äœã¯ãå°æ°ç¬¬äžäœã¯ãååã®äžã®äœããå°æ°ç¬¬äºäœã¯ãçŸåã®äžã®äœããšãªãããåã«ãå°æ°ç¬¬äžäœããå°æ°ç¬¬äºäœããšããããã«åºæ°ã§åŒã¶äŸãå€ãããå°æ°ç¹ä»¥äžç¬¬ P äœããšåŒã¶ããšããããããã®å Žåã®ã以äžãã¯å°æ°ç¹èªäœã¯å«ãŸãã«æ°ããããšã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ã§ããå°æ°ç¬¬ P äœããšåãã§ããã10鲿°ä»¥å€ã®ä»ã®é²æ°ã®è¡šèšã«ãããŠãåæ§ã§ããã
以äžã«äœ¿çšäŸãæãããå°æ°ã¯é·ãã質éãšãã£ã现åã§ããéã衚çŸããããå²åãå¹³åã衚çŸããã®ã«ãçšããã
åœéåäœç³»(SI)ã®èŠå®ã§ã¯ãæ¡ã®æ°ãå€ãå Žåã®èªåãã容æã«ãããããå°æ°éšã®æ¡æ°ã4以äžã®å Žåã¯ã3æ¡ããšã«ç©ºçœ(éåžžã¯ãåã¹ããŒã¹(en:thin space))ã§åºåãããšã«ãªã£ãŠããããã ããå°æ°éšã®æ¡æ°ã4ã®å Žåã¯ã3æ¡ãš1æ¡ãšã«åããªãã®ãæ®éã§ãããç©çåŠãã¯ãããšããçåŠãå·¥åŠã®åéã§ã¯ããã®åœéåäœç³»(SI)ã®èŠå®ã«åŸã£ãèšæ³ã䜿ãããã
ãã ããèšèšå³ã財å諞衚ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãèªã¿åãã¹ã¯ãªãã(script)ãªã©ã®ç¹å®ã®å°éçåéã§ã¯ãäžèšã®ããããã¯å¿
ããã䜿ãããŠããªãã
以äžã¯ãNIST SP811()ã«ãããäŸã§ããã
æéæ¡ã®æ°åã§è¡šããå°æ°ãæéå°æ°ãšåŒã¶ãäžè¬ã«ã¯åæ°ãæéå°æ°ã«ãªãæ¡ä»¶ã¯ãèšæ°æ³ã®åº(åºæ°)ãšåæ¯ã®çŽ å æ°ãšã®é¢ä¿ã§èšè¿°ã§ãããæ¢çŽåæ° a/b ã k 鲿³ã§æéå°æ°ãšãªãããã®å¿
èŠå
åæ¡ä»¶ã¯ rad(b)â£rad(k) ãšãªããå³ã¡ b ã®çŽ å æ°ãå
šãŠ k ã®çŽ å æ°ã«ããªã£ãŠããããšã§ããã
äžè¬ã®å®æ°ã¯æéå°æ°ãšããŠè¡šããªããå°æ°éšã®æ¡æ°ãæéã«ãªããªããã®ãç¡éå°æ°ãšåŒã¶ãäŸãã°ååšçã¯éåžžã®äœåãèšæ°æ³ã«ãããŠæéå°æ°ãšããŠè¡šãããç¡éå°æ°ãšããŠè¡šãããæ°ã®äžã€ã§ããã
1/3 = 0.3333... ã 1/7 = 0.142857142857...ãããã㯠1/2 = 0.5000... ãªã©ãå°æ°éšã«æéã®é·ãã®æ°åãç¹°ãè¿ãé£ç¶ããŠçŸãããã®ã埪ç°å°æ°ãšåŒã¶ããŸãç¹°ãè¿ãçŸããæ°åã®ãã¡æãçããã®ã埪ç°ç¯ãšåŒã¶ã
埪ç°å°æ°ãšããŠè¡šããæ°ã¯æçæ°ã«éãããã
埪ç°å°æ°ã¯åŸªç°ç¯ãšæéå°æ°ã®çµãšããŠè¡šãããæ§ã
ãªèšæ³ãããããäžè¬çã«çšããããèšæ³ã®äžã€ãšããŠãäžèšã®ããã«åŸªç°ç¯ã®å§ç¹ãšçµç¹ããããã§ç€ºãæ¹æ³ããã:
埪ç°ç¯ã®é·ãã1æ¡ã®å Žåããããã1ã€ã ãæã€:
å¿
èŠãªãã°ãæéå°æ°ãšããŠè¡šããæ°ã¯åŸªç°å°æ°ãšããŠã衚ãããäŸãã°ã1/8 = 0.125 = 0.125000... = 0.124999... ã®ããã«ã0 ã 9 ãç¡éã«ç¹°ãè¿ããŠãããšãããããã§ããã
ç¡éå°æ°ã®ãã¡åŸªç°å°æ°ãšããŠè¡šããªããã®ãé埪ç°å°æ°ãšåŒã¶ãå°æ°å±éã埪ç°å°æ°ãšãªãæ°ã¯æçæ°ã§ãããããé埪ç°å°æ°ãšãªãæ°ã¯ç¡çæ°ã§ãããé埪ç°å°æ°ã¯ç°¡åã«äœãããšãã§ããäŸãã°
ã¯é埪ç°å°æ°ã§ããã
æ®ã©ã®å Žåã«ç°ãªãç¡éå°æ°è¡šç€ºã¯ç°ãªã宿°ãäžãããã
ã®ããã«ãéäžããå
šãŠã®æ¡ã«ã10 - 1ãã«ãããæ°åã䞊ã³ç¶ãããããªè¡šç€ºã¯ãã10 - 1ãã®äžŠã³ãå§ãŸãçŽåã®æ°åã1ã€å¢ãããŠãåŸã¯0ãç¶ãããã®ãšåã宿°ãäžããã
å°æ°ã¯ã宿°ãæŽæ° a0 ãš 0 ãã 9 ãŸã§ã®ã©ããã«ããã an (n ⥠1) ãçšããŠ
ã®ãããªç¡éçŽæ°ã®åœ¢ã§è¡šãããšã§ããããããã¹ãŠã® an ãäžèŽããªããŠã極éãäžèŽããããšã¯ããããã®ã§ããããããããããšããããå
ã«ãã¹ãŠ 0 ãç¶ãããšããªãããã«åŸªç°å°æ°ãšããŠè¡šãã°è¡šçŸã¯äžæçã«ãªãããã®ããããã€ãã®å Žåã«ã¯(ããšãã°ã«ã³ããŒã«ã®å¯Ÿè§ç·è«æ³)ãå
šãŠã埪ç°å°æ°ãšããŠè¡šçŸããããšãå¿
èŠã«ãªãã
æŽæ°éšã0ã§ããå°æ°ãçŽå°æ°ãŸãã¯çå°æ°ããã以å€ãåž¯å°æ°ãšåŒã¶ããšãããã
äžãããã宿°xãš2以äžã®èªç¶æ°nã«å¯ŸããŠ,xã®né²ç¡éå°æ°è¡šèšãäžããç¡éæ°åa0, a1, a2, ...ã®åé
ã®å€ã決å®ããäºçš®é¡ã®æç¶ããæ¬¡ã®ããã«äžããããããã®æç¶ãã®ã©ã¡ããæ¡çšããŠããã®è¡šèšã¯äžæçã«å®ãŸããã0以å€ã®æéå°æ°ã«å¯Ÿããç¡éå°æ°è¡šèšã¯æ¡çšããæç¶ãã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããã®ãšãªãã
äžã€ç®:
ããããŠåŸãããæ°åanã¯ã1以éã®iã«å¯ŸããŠ0 †ai †an â 1ãæºãããããaiã¯n鲿³ãçšããŠ1æ¡ã®æ°åã§è¡šçŸã§ãããããã§ãsgnxã笊å·é¢æ°ãšãã(sgnx)a0ã®n鲿³è¡šèšã®åŸã«.ãä»ã(ãããå°æ°ç¹ãšåŒã¶)ãæ°å aiãåèšããŠã§ãã衚èšãå³ã¡
ãšãã圢ã§ç¡éå°æ°è¡šèšãåŸãããããã®æç¶ãã«ããå Žåãç¡éæ°åaiã®éäžã®é
ãã0ãç¡éã«ç¶ãã®ã¯0ãããªãã
äºã€ç®:
ããããŠåŸãããæ°å an ã¯ã1 以éã® i ã«å¯Ÿã㊠0 †ai †n - 1 ãæºãããããai 㯠n 鲿³ãçšã㊠1 æ¡ã§è¡šçŸã§ãããããã§ã(sgnx)ã笊å·é¢æ°ãšãã(sgn x)a0 ã® n 鲿³è¡šèšã®åŸã« . ãä»ã(ãããå°æ°ç¹ãšåŒã¶)ãai ãåèšããŠãã£ããã®ãå³ã¡
ãšãã衚çŸãå°æ°ãšããããã®æç¶ãã«ããå Žåãç¡éæ°å an ã®éäžã®é
ãã n - 1 ãç¡éã«ç¶ãããšã¯ç¡ãã
äœããå°æ°ç¹ä»¥äžã®ããé
ãã 0 ãç¡éã«ç¶ãããã§ããã°ããã®äœçœ®ãã 0 ãçç¥ããäœãæžããªããŠãã(ãã®å Žåã¯æéå°æ°ãšãªã)ãç¹ã«ãã®é
ãå°æ°ç¹ä»¥äžç¬¬äžäœã§ãã£ãå Žåã¯å°æ°ç¹ãçç¥ããŠè¯ã(ãã®å Žåã¯æŽæ°ãšãªã)ããŸããããã§ãªãå Žåã¯åèšããŠããæäœãæ°žä¹
ã«ç¶ããããšã«ãªãããå®éã¯äžå¯èœã§ããããã®ãããªæãçç¥èšå·ã䜿ã£ãŠé
ãçç¥ããŠããã(äžèšã#å°æ°ã®åé¡ãåç
§)
ããããã¢æ°åŠã§ã¯å
å鲿³ã®äœåãèšæ°æ³ã§æ°åãèšè¿°ããŠãããå鲿³ä»¥å€ãå«ãããªããããããã¢æ°åŠã§ã®æ°å衚èšãæå€ã®å°æ°ã§ããããã ãçŸåšã§èšãå°æ°ç¹ã«çžåœãããã®ãååšããªããããèšè¿°ãããæ°åã®å®éã®æ°å€ãã©ããªã®ãã¯ãååŸã®æèãã倿ããªããšãããªããšããåé¡ç¹ããã£ãã
çŸä»£ã®å°æ°ãšåãå鲿³ã«ãããå°æ°ã¯ãèšé²ã«æ®ãæã§ã¯å€ä»£äžåœãæå€ã§ãããäžåœã§ã¯çŽå
å14äžçŽããå鲿³ã䜿çšãããŠãããçŽå
åããèšç®äžå°æ°ã䜿çšãããŠãããšæšæž¬ããããçŸåããæå€ã®å°æ°ã¯ãçŽå
5å¹Žã®æ¥ä»ã®ããåæã«ããäœç©ã®æšæºåäœã«é¢ããç¢æã«ããã9.5ãã§ãããå埜ã¯263幎ã«ä¹ç« ç®è¡ãšããæ°åŠæžã®æ³šéæ¬ãèããŠããŠãçŸä»£ã®ã¢ã©ãã¢æ°å衚èšã§ã®8.660254寞ããå
«å¯žå
åå
éäºç§äºå¿œãäºå応ä¹äºããšæžããŠãã(å°æ°ç¬¬6äœã衚ãåäœãç¡ããããåæ°ãšã®äœµèšã«ãªã£ãŠãã)ãããããã®æä»£ã®åã¯ãããŸã§èšéåäœã§ã(é·ãã®å Žåã¯åžžã«)寞ã®1/10ãã衚ããŠããã®ã§ãããçŸä»£çãªç¡åæ°ã®å°æ°ãæç«ããã®ã¯ãã£ãšåŸã®æä»£ã«ãªãã
çŸä»£ã®æ°åŠã®ç³»èã§ãããšãŒãããã®æ°åŠã«ãããŠã¯ãå°æ°ã®å°å
¥ã¯é
ãããããã¯ãšãžããåŒåæ°è¡šèšãæ®åããŠããããã§ããããšãŒãããã§åããŠå°æ°ãæå±ããã®ã¯ããªã©ã³ãã®ã·ã¢ã³ã»ã¹ããŽã£ã³ã§ããã1585幎ã«åºçãããåé²åæ°è«ãã®äžã§ãåããŠå°æ°ãçºè¡šããããã®åã瀺ãéããåæ°ã®åæ¯ãåã®çޝä¹ã«åºå®ããå Žåã«èšç®ãéåžžã«ããããããªããšäž»åŒµãããããå°æ°ã®çºæãšãªã£ãã
ãªããã¹ããŽã£ã³ã®æå±ããå°æ°ã®è¡šèšæ³ã¯ãçŸä»£ã®ã0.135ãã§ããã°ããããã113253ããšè¡šèšããããšãŒãããã«ãããŠçŸä»£ã®ãããªå°æ°ç¹ã«ãã衚èšãšãªã£ãã®ã¯ã20幎ã»ã©åŸã«ãžã§ã³ã»ãã€ãã¢ã®æå±ã«ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%95%B0
|
8,113 |
è¡åèŠçŽ
|
æ°åŠã«ãããè¡åèŠçŽ (ããããã€ããããè±: matrix element)ãæå (matrix entry) ãããã¯ä¿æ° (matrix coefficient) ã¯ã矀äžã®ç¹å¥ãªåœ¢ã®åœæ°ã§ããã®çŸ€ã®ç·å衚çŸãšä»å çãªããŒã¿ã«äŸåãããã®ã§ãã æé矀ã«å¯Ÿããè¡åèŠçŽ ã¯ããã®çŸ€ã®å
ã®ç¹å®ã®è¡šçŸã«é¢ããäœçšã«å¯Ÿå¿ããè¡åã®æåãšããŠè¡šãããšãã§ããã
ãªãŒçŸ€ã®è¡šçŸã®è¡åèŠçŽ ã¯ãç¹æ®åœæ°è«ãšç·å¯ãªé¢ä¿ãæã¡ãçè«ã®å€§éšåãçµ±äžçã«æ±ãæ¹æ³ãäžãããè¡åèŠçŽ ã®å¢å æ§è³ªã¯ã屿ã³ã³ãã¯ã矀(ç¹ã«ç°¡çŽå®ããã³ p-é²çŸ€)ã®æ¢çŽè¡šçŸã®åé¡ã«ãããŠé倧ãªåœ¹å²ãæã€ãè¡åèŠçŽ ãçšããæ¹æ³è«ã¯ãã¢ãžã¥ã©ãŒåœ¢åŒã®æŠå¿µã«è«å€§ãªäžè¬åãããããããå¥ãªæ¹åã§ã¯ãããçš®ã®ååŠç³»ã®æã€æ··åæ§è³ª(è±èªç)ããé©åœãªè¡åèŠçŽ ã®æ§è³ªã«ãã£ãŠå¶åŸ¡ãããã
矀 G ã®ããã¯ãã«ç©ºé V äžã®ç·åè¡šçŸ Ï ã®è¡åèŠçŽ ãšã¯ã矀 G äžã§å®çŸ©ããã
ã®åœ¢ã®åå fv, η ãèšãã ããã§ãv 㯠V ã®ãã¯ãã«ãη 㯠V äžã®é£ç¶ç·åæ±åœæ°ã§ãg 㯠G ã®ä»»æã®å
ã§ãããè¡åèŠçŽ ã¯ G äžã§å®çŸ©ãããã¹ã«ã©ãŒå€ããšãåœæ°ãšãªãã
V ããã«ãã«ã空éãªãã°ããªãŒã¹ã®è¡šçŸå®çã«ãããä»»æã®è¡åèŠçŽ ã¯å
ç©ãçšããŠãé©åœãªãã¯ãã« v, w ã«å¯Ÿãã
ãªãåœ¢ã«æžãããšãã§ããã
V ãæé次å
ã®å Žåãv ãš w ãæšæºåºåºãããšãã°å®éã«ãè¡åèŠçŽ ã¯è¡åã®ç¹å®ã®æåãäžããåœæ°ãšããŠäžããããã
æéçŸ€ã®æ¢çŽè¡šçŸã®è¡åèŠçŽ ã¯ãããŒã³ãµã€ãããããããŠã¹ãã·ã¥ã¢ãã®å±éããæé矀ã®è¡šçŸè«ã«ãããŠé¡èãªåœ¹å²ãæã£ãŠããããããæ¢çŽè¡šçŸã¯ã·ã¥ãŒã¢ã®çŽäº€é¢ä¿åŒ(è±èªç)ãæºããããã®è¡šçŸã®ææš Ï ã¯è¡åèŠçŽ fvi,ηi ã®åãšãªãããã ãã{vi} ã¯ Ï ã®è¡šçŸç©ºéã«ãããåºåºã{ηi} ã¯ãã®å察åºåºã§ããã
ãªãŒçŸ€ã®è¡šçŸã®è¡åèŠçŽ ãåããŠèããã®ã¯ãšãªã»ã«ã«ã¿ã³ã§ãããã²ã«ãã¡ã³ãã¯ãå€ãã®å€å
žçç¹æ®åœæ°ãšçŽäº€å€é
åŒããªãŒçŸ€ G ã®è¡šçŸã®è¡åèŠçŽ ãšããŠè¡šãããšãå®çŸããããã®èšè¿°ã¯ãããŸã§ã«ç¥ãããŠããç¹æ®åœæ°ã®å
šãç°ãªãæ§è³ªãäŸãã°å æ³å
¬åŒãããçš®ã®æŒžååŒãçŽäº€é¢ä¿åŒãç©å衚çŸã埮åäœçšçŽ ã«é¢ããåºæå€ãªã©ã«ã€ããŠãçµ±äžçãªæ çµã¿ãäžãããã®ã§ãã£ããæ°çç©çã«çŸããç¹æ®åœæ°ãäŸãã°äžè§åœæ°ãè¶
幟äœçŽæ°ãšãã®äžè¬åãã«ãžã£ã³ãã«ããã³ã€ã³ã(è±èªç)ã®çŽäº€å€é
åŒãããã»ã«åœæ°ãªã©ã¯äœãããªãŒçŸ€ã®è¡šçŸã®è¡åèŠçŽ ãšããŠçããã代æ°å¹ŸäœåŠããã³æ°è«ã«ãããŠéèŠãªãããŒã¿åœæ°ããã³å®è§£æçã¢ã€ãŒã³ã·ã¥ã¿ã€ã³çŽæ°ã¯ããã®æ¹æ³ã§å®çŸããããšãã§ããã
ã²ã«ãã¡ã³ããã°ã©ãšãããã¢ããããŒ=ã·ã£ãããã«ãããå€å
žçã¢ãžã¥ã©ãŒåœ¢åŒè«ãžã®åŒ·åãªã¢ãããŒãã¯ãããããããçš®ã®ç¡é次å
ãŠãã¿ãªè¡šçŸã§ããã¢ããŒã«ç°ã®ä¿å衚çŸãšèŠåãããšã§ããããã®ã¢ãããŒãã¯ãã©ã³ã°ã©ã³ãºã倧åäœäžã®äžè¬ã®ç°¡çŽä»£æ°çŸ€ã«å¯ŸããŠããã«çºå±ãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%A0
|
8,114 |
ACOS-6
|
ACOS-6(ãšã€ã³ã¹ã·ãã¯ã¹)ã¯æ¥æ¬é»æ°ã®ã¡ã€ã³ãã¬ãŒã ããã³OSã§ããACOSã®äžç³»åã§ãããå瀟ã®ã¡ã€ã³ãã¬ãŒã äºæ¥è嵿ã«ãããŠã§ã«ç€Ÿããå°å
¥ããæè¡ãå
ãšãªã£ãŠããããã ããå
ã«ãããããŠã§ã«ã®æè¡ã®å
èš³ã«ã¯ããããŠã§ã«ãGEããè²·åããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿éšéã®ææããŠãããã®ãå€ãå«ãŸããŠãã(ããšãã°ãMITãGEã®ãã·ã³ã䜿çšããŠéçºããŠããMulticsã®æè¡ã®äžéšãå«ã)ã
2003幎çŸåšã®åç§°ã¯ACOS-6/NVX PXã察象ãšãªãããŒããŠã§ã¢ã¯ãã©ã¬ã«ACOS PX7900ã§ããã
æ°å°ãªãã¯ãŒããã·ã³ã§ããã1ãã€ã=9ãããã§åŠçããã1ã¯ãŒã=36ãããã§ããã
åæã®ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ãšåŸæã®ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã§ã¯ããªãæ§é ãç°ãªãã
ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®äžå¿ã«SCU(ã·ã¹ãã å¶åŸ¡ãŠããã)ãããããã®é
äžã«æŒç®éš(EPU)ãã¡ã¢ãªãå
¥åºåããã»ããµ(IOP)ãç¹ããããã©ã¬ã«ACOS以åã¯ãåæã®æ©çš®ãé€ãã1ã€ã®SCUã«æå€§2ã€ã®EPUãç¹ããããšãåºæ¥ããã·ã¹ãã 2000ã§ã¯ãSCPã2ã€ç¹ããŠã1ã€ã®ã·ã¹ãã ãšããŠ4EPUããµããŒãããŠããã
Rã¢ãŒããšVã¢ãŒããšãã2ã€ã®ã¢ãŒããããã
Rã¢ãŒãã¯ã18ãããã®ã¡ã¢ãªç©ºé(256Kã¯ãŒã=1Mãã€ã)ã®äžã§åŠçãããããã®ç¯å²ã§ãã©ãããªã¡ã¢ãªç©ºéãæäŸãããã¢ãã¬ã¹ç©ºéã18ããããããªãã®ã§ãæå€§256Kã¯ãŒã(=1Mãã€ã)ããã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããªããããããã¢ãã¬ã¹ãããã³ã°ã®ããã®ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ãããã256Kã¯ãŒã以äžã®ã¡ã¢ãªç©ºéãã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããä»çµã¿ãçšæãããŠããã ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãããã³ã°æ©èœã¯Vã¢ãŒãã§ã¯ç¡å¹ã«ãªãã
Vã¢ãŒãã¯ãã»ã°ã¡ã³ããå€çšããåçš®ã®ä¿è·æ©èœãä»å ããããã«ã¡ã¢ãªç©ºéãæ¡åŒµããã¢ãŒãã§ããã80386ã®ãããã¯ãã¢ãŒãã®ãããªãã®ããšæããšçè§£ãæ©ããã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ãã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã®ãã€ã³ã¿+ãªãã»ãããšãªã(ååãããŒã¿ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ãšå€ãã)ãã»ã°ã¡ã³ãèšè¿°åã«æå®ãããã¡ã¢ãªç©ºéãä¿è·æ©èœçãæå¹ã«åãããã«ãªãã1ã€ã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯ãè€æ°ã®ã»ã°ã¡ã³ãããæ§æãããããã«ãªããã·ã¹ãã 1000以éã¯ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ç©ºéãæ¡åŒµããã72ãããã«ãªãããã ããVã¢ãŒãã¯ãããåæã®ãã·ã³(ã·ã¹ãã 600ãªã©)ã§ã¯å©çšã§ããªãããŸããã·ã¹ãã 2000以éã§ã¯ãåœä»€ç©ºéãæ¡åŒµããããPentiumããã»ããµã®EM-64Tã¢ãŒãã®ãããªãã®ããšæããšçè§£ãæ©ãã
ã·ã¹ãã 1000ããåãå
¥ããããæ©èœã§ããããã¯ãã«æŒç®ãå®è¡ããåœä»€çŸ€ã§ãããã·ã¹ãã 2000ããã¯ããã¹ã¯å¶åŸ¡ä»ããã¯ãã«æŒç®ãå¯èœã«ãªããFORTRANã§ãIFæãå«ãDOã«ãŒãããã¯ãã«åå¯èœã«ãªã£ãŠããã1ã€ã®ãã¯ãã«åœä»€ã§åŠçå¯èœãªèŠçŽ ã¯ãS1000ã§ã¯2ã®18ä¹åãS2000ã§ã¯2ã®36ä¹åã§ããã
ã·ã¹ãã 2000ããåãå
¥ããããæ©èœã§ãããããŒããŠã§ã¢ãä»®æ³èšç®æ©æ©èœããµããŒãããããã«ãªã£ãããã®ãããåæã«è€æ°ã®OSãåäœãããããšãåºæ¥ãããã«ãªã£ãã
ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ããä»ã®ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠå°ãªãã®ãç¹åŸŽã§ãããæŒç®ãå¯èœãªã¬ãžã¹ã¿ã¯ A ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ ãš Q ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ã®2ã€ãããªã(ãããã36ããã)ããã®ã»ãã«ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ã¬ãžã¹ã¿(18ããã)ãšã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ãååšãããã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ãšãã«ãå®å¹ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãçæããéã«ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã修食ããéã«äœ¿ããããVã¢ãŒãã§ã¯ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ã®æ©èœãå€ããã
ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ã䜿ãå Žåã«ã¯ãåœä»€èª(36ããã)ã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ã䜿çšããããã®ããããonã«ããããã®æãã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ãã£ãŒã«ã(18ããã)ã®å
é 3ããããã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ã®ã¬ãžã¹ã¿çªå·ãæå®ããããã«ãªãã
åœä»€äœç³»ã¯æ¯èŒçCOBOLåãã§ãããCOBOLã®MOVEãADDãSUBTRACTçã®æŒç®åœä»€ãã»ãŒæ©æ¢°èªã¬ãã«ã§1åœä»€ã«å¯Ÿå¿å¯èœã§ããããã®ãããããŒã¿éšåã®ä¿®é£Ÿæ©èœãè±å¯ã§ãããã¯/ã¢ã³ããã¯å鲿°ãçŽæ¥æäœå¯èœã§ãããããã«ãCOBOLã®æååç·šéæ©èœ(PIC ã§æå®ãããã®)ããã®ãŸãŸæ©æ¢°èªã«å€æããæ©èœãããã
æè¿ã®CPUã®ãããªãã¹ã¿ãã¯ã®æŠå¿µã¯Rã¢ãŒãã«ã¯ãªãã颿°ã³ãŒã«ãè¡ããšãã«ã¯ãé£ã³å
ã§æ»ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ãä¿åãããããªåŠçãå¿
èŠã§ãããVã¢ãŒãã§ã¯ã¹ã¿ãã¯ã»ã°ã¡ã³ããååšããã
ç¹æš©ã¢ãŒãããããç¹æš©ã¢ãŒãã«é·ç§»ããåœä»€ã§ç¹æš©ã¢ãŒãã«ç§»è¡ãããç¹æš©ã¢ãŒãã«ã¯è€æ°ã®ã©ã³ã¯ä»ãããããŠããã
å°çšã®ãµãŒãã¹ããã»ããµããããã¡ã€ã³ã®OSã皌åããããã»ããµãšã¯å¥ã«ããã¡ãŒã ãŠã§ã¢ãåäœããããã»ããµãããããã®ããã»ããµã«å¯ŸããŠæäœãè¡ãªãããšã§ãã¡ã€ã³ã®OSã®èµ·åçãè¡ãªããã
å
éšã§äœ¿ãã³ãŒãã¯ã6ãããã®æåã³ãŒãããã³JISã³ãŒã(JIS X 0201)ã§ããã6ãããã®æåã³ãŒãã¯ãBCDã³ãŒããšåŒã°ããè±æ°åã®ã¿(ãã€ã倧æåã®ã¿)ã®ã³ãŒãã§ããã1ã¯ãŒãäžã«6æåãè©°ã蟌ãã§åŠçãããŠãããå
éšåŠçã«ãŒãã³çã§äœ¿ãããŠãããJISã³ãŒãã¯ãéåžžã®(COBOLçã®)æååŠçãè¡ãªããšãã«å©çšãããŠãããã¡ã€ã³ãã¬ãŒã ã§ã¯ããããEBCDICã䜿ã£ãŠããªããæ¥æ¬èª(挢å)ã¯ãJIPS(J)ã³ãŒããšåŒã°ããã³ãŒãäœç³»ã䜿ã£ãŠããããã®ã³ãŒãã«ã¯ACOS-4ç³»ã§äœ¿ãããJIPS(E)ããA-VXã§äœ¿ãããNECå
éšã³ãŒã(E)ãžã®å€æææ®µãçšæãããŠããã
ACOS-6ã¯Multicsã®æµããæ±²ãOSã§ãããUNIXã®é ã芪æãšãèšããããã®ãããUNIXã«äŒŒã(ãšããããããMultics颚ã®ããšèšãã¹ãã ãã)æ©èœãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACOS-6
|
8,123 |
ãã ã»ããŽã¡ã¯
|
ãã ã»ããŽã¡ã¯(Kim Novakãæ¬åMarilyn Pauline Novakã1933幎2æ13æ¥ - )ã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœã®æ ç»å¥³åªãã€ãªãã€å·ã·ã«ãŽåºèº«ã
ãã§ã³ç³»ã¢ã¡ãªã«äººãç¶èŠªã¯æŽå²æåž«ãããŠããããäžç倧ææ
æã«ã¯åè»ã®çºè»ä¿ãããŠããããšãããã
ãã¡ã©ã¬ãã髿 ¡ (en)ãçæå€§åŠã®ãŠã£ã«ããŒã©ã€ãã»ã«ã¬ããž (en) ã«é²åŠããããã«2ã€ã®å¥šåŠéãã€ãã¿åãã·ã«ãŽçŸè¡é€šéå±çŸè¡å€§åŠã§åŠãã ã
ç倧2幎æã«èŠæ¬åžäŒå Žã§ãããã€ãã®äŒæ¥ã®å·èµåº«ã®ãã£ã³ããŒã³ã¬ãŒã«ãå§ãã ã
ãã®å·èµåº«è£œé äŒæ¥ã®ã¢ãã«æä»£ããµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³ã§ã®èŠæ¬åžã®æãä»ã®äºäººã®ã¢ãã«ããšãã£ã«ã ãã§ãã¯ã®ãããããµã³ãŒã«ã¹ã«å¯ãRKOã®æ°æ¬ã®æ ç»ã«ãšãã¹ãã©ãšããŠåºæŒããããšã«ãªã£ãããã®æãã³ãã ãã¢æ ç»ã«ã¹ã«ãŠãããé·æå¥çŽãçµãã ãã³ãã³ãã¢æ ç»ã®åŸ¹åºãã管çã®ããšããã€ãšãããæ¯ã®ç¯æ£ãè¡ãããã®åŠè¶ãªçŸè²ã§äººæ°ãéããã1950幎代ã«å€ãã®æ ç»ã«äž»æŒããããã¯ããã¯ã(1955)ããææ
ç©èªã(1956)ãã¢ã«ãã¬ããã»ãããã³ãã¯ç£ç£ã»ãžã§ãŒã ãºã»ã¹ãã¥ã¢ãŒãå
±æŒã®ãããŸãã(1958)ãªã©ã¯æ¥æ¬ã§ã倧ãããããããã®åŸã®ã£ã©ãããã察ç«ããå°å±ã ã£ãã³ãã ãã¢æ ç»ãé¢ããã
1960幎代以éã¯æ¬¡ç¬¬ã«åºæŒäœãæžã£ãŠããããããªãŒã»ã¯ã€ã«ããŒç£ç£ã®ããã!ãã¹ããŠãã(1964)ãã¢ã¬ãµã»ã¯ãªã¹ãã£åäœã®ãã¯ãªã¹ã¿ã«æ®ºäººäºä»¶ã(1980) ãªã©ã§ã¯ãåŸãããååšæã瀺ããã1991幎ãæåŸã«å¥³åªæ¥ãåŒéã2007幎ã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã§ã¯ãè¯ã圹ãããã°ãŸãæŒããå¯èœæ§ããããšèªã£ãŠããã
1950幎代ã®ããªãŠããæä»£ã¯æ§ã
ãªäººéãšå
¬ç§ã§äº€éããããé»äººã®ãµããŒã»ãã€ãŽã£ã¹Jr.ãšã®äº€éã¯ã³ãã³ãã¢æ ç»ãå·»ã蟌ãã éšåã«ãªã£ããåŸã«ãå瀟ã®ããªãŒã»ã³ãŒã³ç€Ÿé·ãããµããŒããŒãã¹ã«48æé以å
ã«é»äººå¥³æ§ãšçµå©ããªããã°ç¡é ŒæŒ¢ããå·®ãåããæšã®è
è¿«ãããŠãããšå ±ããããã
1960幎代åé ããé¢ãæã¯ãã€ãä»äººããç£ç£ãããªãã£ãŒãã»ã¯ã¯ã€ã³ãšå©çŽããŠããããåŸã«è§£æ¶ã1965幎ã«ã€ã®ãªã¹äººä¿³åªãªãã£ãŒãã»ãžã§ã³ãœã³ãšçµå©ããããç¿å¹Žé¢å©ã
1976幎ã«ç£å»åž«ãšåå©ãã2äººã®æäººããç¶åããšå
±ã«ãªã¬ãŽã³å·ãã§ããã³ (en) è¿éã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ãœã³å·æ²¿ãã«ãã°ããŠã¹ã建ãŠäœãã1997幎ã«ã¯åå·ãµã ãºã»ãã¬ãŒ (en) ã®ç§å Žã賌å
¥ãå±
äœãããã2000幎ã«å
šçŒããçŸè¡åã10幎ã®éã«æžãæºããèªäŒã®èçš¿ãåªå€±ããã
2006幎ã«èœéŠ¬äºæ
ã«éãèºã«ç©Žã空ãè骚ãæããªã©ã®éå·ãè² ãããæ©æã«å埩ããŠããã2010幎ã«ã¯ä¹³ãããæ£ã£ããããããåŸã«å埩ããŠããã2013幎4æã«ã¯å€«ã®å劻 - 2人ã®ç¶åã®å®æ¯ - ãèªæ®ºããã2020幎11æã«ã¯å€«ãæ»å»ããã
2014幎ã«ç¬¬86åã¢ã«ãããŒè³äŒå Žã«åºåžããä¹
ã
ã«å
¬ã®èå°ã«ç»å ŽããããäŒå Žã§ã¯ããã®äººã¯èª°ãªã®ã?ããšèª°åœŒãããèªèããããæŽåœ¢æè¡ãåããã®ã ãããšæ§ã
ãªæ¶æž¬ãé£ã³äº€ã£ããšå ±ãããããããã«ãã»ãã©ã³ãã«ããæŽåœ¢æè¡ãããå»é¢ã蚎ããã»ããããããšããã®ä»¶ããã€ãŒããããããã®äžä»¶ã¯ãããŽã¡ã¯ã®å¿ããããå·ã€ãèœã¡èŸŒãã ãããã®åŸæŽåœ¢æè¡ã¯èªãã€ã€Facebookã«ãŠãããã"ããªãŠããã®ãããã£å" ãã«ç«ã¡åããæžç°¡ãå
¬éããã
1996幎ã«å€åŒµåžã§éå¬ããããããã°ãåœéåéºã»ãã¡ã³ã¿ã¹ãã£ãã¯æ ç»ç¥'96ã(2/16-2/20éå¬)ã§ã¯ã€ã³ã°ã»ãã¡ã³ã¿ã¹ãã£ãã¯ã°ã©ã³ããªéšéã®å¯©æ»å¡ãå€ããŠããã
氎圩ç»ã油圩ç»ã圫å»ãªã©ãæ¬æ Œçã«ææããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%82%AF
|
8,124 |
ããã³ (ææ§ãåé¿)
|
ããã³
| true | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3_(%E6%9B%96%E6%98%A7%E3%81%95%E5%9B%9E%E9%81%BF)
|
8,125 |
転移枩床
|
転移枩床(ãŠããããã©ãTransition temperature)ã¯çžè»¢ç§»ãèµ·ããæž©åºŠã®ããšã転移枩床ã Tc ãšæžãããšãããããç°ãªãå Žåããã(äŸ:ååŒ·ç£æ§ã«ãããããŒã«æž©åºŠã TN ãšæžããããã)ã
è¶
äŒå°ã«ãããŠãåžžäŒå°ããè¶
äŒå°ãè¶
äŒå°ããåžžäŒå°ã«çžè»¢ç§»ããæž©åºŠã®ããšãè¶
äŒå°è»¢ç§»æž©åºŠããããã¯è»¢ç§»æž©åºŠãšããããŸãã¯ãèšç枩床ãšããããèšå·ã¯ã©ã¡ãã Tc (critical temperature) ã䜿ãã
ãã® Tc ã¯ãBCSçè«ã®äžã§ãæãæåãªæ¬¡ã®çè«åŒãããã€æž©åºŠ ÎD ãç¶æ
å¯åºŠ N(0) ãçžäºäœçšåŒ·ã V ã§è¡šãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%A2%E7%A7%BB%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6
|
8,128 |
é (äžåœ)
|
é(ããæŒé³: WÚiã220幎 - 265幎)ã¯ãäžåœã®äžåœæä»£ã«è¯åãæ¯é
ããçæãéŠéœã¯æŽéœãæ¹æ°ã®çæã§ããããšããæ¹é(ããã)ããããã¯åéã«å¯ŸããŠåé(ããã)ãšã(ãã®å Žåã¯åéãåŸéãšåŒã¶)ããã
45幎éããç¶ããªãã£ãçæã ããæç«ã®åºç€ãäœã£ãæ¹æã®ææã®æ¿æš©ã§ãããæ¹ææ¿æš©ããšåãããŠè«ããããããšãå€ããéã»èã»åã®æŠåœå²ãæããäžåœå¿(ãäžåœå¿ãã»ãäžåœå¿æŒçŸ©ããªã©)ãªã©ã§åŸäžã«äŒãããæ¥æ¬ã§éã¯å匥åŒãèšè¿°ãããéå¿å人äŒãã§ç¥ãããããŸããæåã«åå·è±æ²»ãèãããäžåœå¿ããå§ãããã®æä»£ãæããå°èª¬ã¯ä»ãªãæ¥æ¬ã§äººæ°ãããããã®ããç¥å床ãé«ãçæã§ããã
åŸæŒ¢æ«æãé»å·Ÿã®ä¹±(184幎)ãèµ·ããåŸãçåžã®çµ±å¶åã¯éåžžã«åŒ±ãŸããè£åã®å°æšªãå§ãŸããéšäžã®ååžã«æ®ºããã矀é岿 ã®ç¶æ
ãšãªãããã®äžã§å°é ããã®ãæ¹æã§ãã£ããåè£åãæ²ããŠæå
µããããšãç®åãã«æŽ»åãéå§ããæ¹æã¯192幎ã«å
å·ç§ãšãªãããã®å°ã§éå·ããæ¥ãé»å·Ÿè³ã®å
µ30äžäººãéæŠéå¡100äžäººãæéãããŠèªåã®é
äžã«çŽãããã®åŸæ¥æ¿ã«å¢åãæ¡å€§ãããã
196å¹Žãæ¹æã¯å±¯ç°å¶ãéå§ããæµæ°ãéããŠèãè
ãããªããªã£ã蟲å°ãèãããããŸãæ¹æã¯ç®åžãèªãã®æ¬æ ã§ããèš±æã«è¿ãå
¥ããè£åã®å
é
äžã§ãã£ãæåã»ååžã»åŒµç¹¡ãªã©ã®å¢åãæ»
ãŒãã200幎ã«ã¯å®æž¡ã®æŠãã§è¢ç޹ãç Žãã207幎ã«ã¯è¢æ°ã«å³æ¹ããéšéЬéç§æ°æã®çæ¡ãæã¡ç Žã£ãŠäžåœåéšãæäžã«åã(çœçŒå±±ã®æŠã)ãåå¹ŽåŸæŒ¢ã®äžçžãšãªãã
208å¹Žãæ¹æã¯åæ¹ã®å«æš©ã»ååé£åè»ãæ»ããããåšçãã®ç«èšã«ããæãã飢é€ãšç«ç
ãéãªãéåžžã«å€ãã®å
µå£«ã亡ããªã(èµ€å£ã®æŠã)ãå幎ãåé¡ãå®åããŠããæ¹ä»ãåšçã«æãã嫿š©ã®æ¯é
äžãšãªã£ãããŸããååãèå·ã®åéš4é¡ãå¶å§ããæ¹æã»ååã»å«æš©ã®äžè
éŒç«ã®æ§çžãåããã
211å¹Žãæ¹æã¯éЬè¶
ãã¯ãããšããé¢äžã®è»é¥é£åè»ãç Žã£ã(朌é¢ã®æŠã)ããã®åŸãæ¹æè»ã®å€äŸ¯æ·µããé¢äžã®è»é¥é£åè»ã®æ®å
ãå¶å§ããã212å¹Žãæ¹æã¯å«æš©åŸäŒã®è»ãèµ·ãããããäžæäœã察å³ããåŸæ€éãã(ç¬¬äžæ¬¡æ¿¡é å£ã®æŠã)ã
213å¹Žãæ¹æã¯åé¡(æ²³æ±é¡ã»æ²³å
é¡ã»éé¡ã»è¶é¡ã»äžå±±é¡ã»åžžå±±é¡ã»é
鹿é¡ã»å®å¹³é¡ã»çéµé¡ã»å¹³åé¡)ããã£ãŠéå
¬ã«å°ããããã216幎ãããã«æ¹æã¯éçã«å°ãããããåœæãçæä»¥å€ã«ã¯ãçãã®äœãäžããªããšããäžæåŸããã£ãã®ã«ãããããããæ¹æãçäœã«å°±ãããšããããšã¯ãããªãã¡ç°å¥ªãžã®å段éã§ãã£ãããããæ¹æã¯ååœäžã¯çåžäœã奪ããã«ããã
215å¹Žãæ¹æã¯æŒ¢äžã®åŒµé¯ãéäŒããã(éœå¹³é¢ã®æŠã)ããã®åŸãæ¹æè»ã¯æ°å¹Žéã«ããããçå·(è)ãå¶å§ããååè»ãšæŒ¢äžåšèŸºã§æ¿æŠãç¹°ãåºããã216å¹Žãæ¹æã¯èªãè»ãçããŠåã³å«æš©åŸèšã«èµŽãããçŽå幎é察å³ããåŸã嫿š©ãåçŠãç³ãå
¥ããããè»ãåŒãã(ç¬¬äºæ¬¡æ¿¡é å£ã®æŠã)ã
219å¹ŽãæŒ¢äžãå®åããŠããå€äŸ¯æ·µãååã«èšã¡åãã(å®è»å±±ã®æŠã)ãæ¹æèªã挢äžã«æŽè»ã«åºåããããèŠæŠã被害ã倧ãããªã£ãã®ã§æ€éãæŒ¢äžãååã«å¥ªãããããŸããååã®éšå°ã®é¢çŸœãåäžããŠæ¹æã®å¢åäžã®æšåã»è¥éœãå
å²ããæ¹æã®éšå°ã®äºçŠãçããäžè»ã壿»
ãããæ¹æã®éšå°ã®äºçŠã»éŸåŸ³ãæèãšãããæ¹æã¯åžéЬæ¿ã»è£æžã®ææ¡ã«åŸãã嫿š©ãšåçãçµã³ãåŸæããæŽŸé£ããŠé¢çŸœãç Žã£ã(æšåã®æŠã)ã
220å¹Žãæ¹æã¯ç
ã®ããæ»å»ããæŠçãšè«¡ããããæ¹æãæ»ã¬ãšãšãã«ãæ¹æã®åã§ããæ¹äžãéçãšåŸæŒ¢ã®äžçžã®å°äœãç¶ãã ã
ãããŠæ¹äžã¯ç®åžããçŠ
è²ãåããå埳ã®çæã®ãããç«åŸ³ã§ãã£ãåŸæŒ¢ã®éœã®ééœã®åãæŽéœã«æ»ããŠéœãšããéã®çåžãšãªã£ãããããŠç¶æ¹æã«å€ªç¥æŠçåžãšè¿œå·ããããŸããåŸæŒ¢ã®ç®åžãå±±éœå
¬ãšããåŸæŒ¢ã®è«žäŸ¯çã¯ããããåŽåŸ³äŸ¯ã«éå°ãããç¿å¹Žã«èã®ååã察æããŠ(挢ã®)çåžãç§°ããããã«229幎ã«ã¯åã®å«æš©ãçåžãç§°ãã1人ããååšã§ããªãã¯ãã®çåžã3人䞊ã³ç«ã€ãšããããã€ãŠãªãäºæ
ã«ãªã£ãã
æåž(æ¹äž)ã¯ä¹åå®äººæ³ã宿œããäžæžçã®èšçœ®ãªã©è«žå¶åºŠãæŽåããŠéã®äœå¶ãå®å
šãªãã®ãžãšç§»è¡ããããããããã®åœ±é¿ã§åŸæŒ¢ãã圢æãããŠãã豪æå±€ã貎æåããå®è·ã®ç¬å ãè¡ãããã«ãªã£ãããã®åé¡ã¯éã®æä»£ã¯ãŸã 端ç·ãèŠããçšåºŠã§ããããåŸã®è¥¿æã«ãªã£ãŠããæ·±å»åããã
ãŸãã222幎ã«éã¯3æ¹åããåãæ»ããæ¹äŒãåç¯ãç Žããæ¹çã»å€äŸ¯å°ã»åŒµéããæ±éµãå
岿»æããå«çã»è«žèçŸãç Žã£ãããæ¹ä»ãæ±æ¡ã«æããç«ç
ãæµè¡ããããéåŽããã
æ¹äžã¯226幎ã«åŽ©åŸ¡ããé·ç·ã®æ¹å¡(æåž)ãéã®çåžãšãªã£ãã227幎ãåã®å«æš©ã»è«žèçŸãã3æ¹åããéãæ»ããããåžéЬæ¿ã»æ¹äŒãã«æããã228幎ãåéãèã®è«žè亮ãšå
å¿ããŠéã«åä¹±ãèµ·ãããããåžéЬæ¿ã«é®å§ããããŸãå幎ã«è«žè亮ã»è¶é²ãæ»ããŠããããæ¹å¡ã掟é£ãã匵éã»æ¹çãæéããŠãããããã«åå¹Žãæ¹äŒãåãæ»ããããç³äºã«ãããŠéžéã«å€§æããã
229幎ãèã®è«žèäº®ãæŽŸé£ããé³åŒã«ãã£ãŠæŠéœã»é°å¹³ã奪ãããããŸãã¯ã·ã£ãŒãæ(貎é)ã®ãŽã¡ãŒã¹ããŒãŽã¡1äž(波調)ãåããŠäœ¿ç¯ããäžåœã®éã«æŽŸé£ãéãã芪éå€§ææ°çã®ä»®ã®éå°ãäžã£ãŠããã
231幎ãåã³è«žèäº®ãæ»ããŠããããäž¡è»ãšã決çãã€ããéåŽããŠããã匵éã¯åžéЬæ¿ã«è¿œæã匷ãããèè»ã远ã£ãããäŒå
µã«å°æ®ºããã(ç¥å±±ã®æŠã)ã234幎ãèãšåã¯é£æºããŠåææã«éã«æ»ããŠããããæ±ã§ã¯æºå¯µãã嫿š©ãæéãã西ã§ã¯è«žè亮ãç
æ»ããããèè»ãæ€éããã諞èäº®ãæ»å»ããåŸã¯ãæ¹å¡ã宮殿é å¶ãé
ã«ã®ãã蟌ãã§åœæ¿ãçãã«ãªã£ããããéã¯ç²åŒããŠãã£ãã
235幎ãéã®å¹œå·åºå²çéã®éšäžã®ééŸãé®®åæã®å€§äººã®è»»æ¯èœãææ®ºããã238幎ãåžéЬæ¿ã掟é£ããéŒæ±ã§è¬åãèµ·ãããå
¬å«æ·µãæ»
ãŒããŠãããå幎ãéªéЬå°åœã®å匥åŒãåããŠé£åç±³ããäžåœã®éã«æŽŸé£ãéãã芪éåçã®ä»®ã®éå°ãšé
é¡100æãäžããããã
æ¹å¡ã¯239幎ã«34æ³ã§åŽ©åŸ¡ãããã®åŸãé€åã®æ¹è³ãç¶ãã ãæ¹å¡ã¯åŽ©åŸ¡ã®éãåžéЬæ¿ãšçæã®æ¹çœã«æ¹è³ã®åŸèŠãèšããã244幎ã«ã¯æ¯äžå¹ã掟é£ããŠãé«å¥éºã®éŠéœãé¥èœããããªã©æŠåšãæ¯ãã£ãããå
éšã§ã¯æ¹çœãšåžéЬæ¿ã®å¯Ÿç«ãèµ·ãããæ¹çœãåžéЬæ¿ãæé€ããŠå°æš©ãæ¯ãã£ãã249幎ãåžéЬæ¿ã¯ããã«é襲ããŠã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒãèµ·ãããŠæ¹çœäžæŽŸãé®æãæš©åãææ¡ããæ¹è³ãåå¡ãšãã(é«å¹³éµã®å€)ã250幎ãçæ¶ã»çåºãã¯åã®èå·ãæ»ããæ±çžŸãã«åå©ãã30äžç³ã®å
µç³§ã奪ããæ°å人ãéäŒãããã251幎ãåžéЬæ¿ãæ»å»ããåã®åžéŠ¬åž«ãæš©åãåŒãç¶ãã ã252幎ã諞èèªã»è¡éµãåãæ»ããããè«žèæªã«å€§æãã(æ±èã®æŠã)ãæ¹è³ã¯æš©å奪éãç®è«ãããäºåã«çºèŠããŠ254幎ã«å»äœããæçãšãããããã®åŸãæ¹é«Šãçåžã«æç«ãããã
255å¹Žãæ¯äžå¹ãåä¹±ãèµ·ãããããåžéŠ¬åž«ãé®å§ãã(æ¯äžå¹ã»ææ¬œã®ä¹±)ããããŠå幎ãåžéŠ¬åž«ãæ»å»ãããã®æš©åãåŒã®åžéЬæãåŒãç¶ãã ãããã«å幎ãççµãèã®å§ç¶ã«äŸµæ»ããã倧æããŠãããããã256幎ã«ã¯ãé§èŸãæ»ããŠããå§ç¶ã«å€§åããã257幎ã諞èèªãåãšåçãçµãã§åä¹±ãèµ·ããããã258幎ã«åžéЬæãé®å§ããã諞èèªã®åä¹±ã¯ãéè»26äžãšè«žèèªã»åè»20äžã1幎ã«ãããæ¿çªãã倧æŠã§ãã£ã(諞èèªã®ä¹±)ã
åœæãåžéЬæã®æš©åã¯åŒ·ããæ¹é«Šã¯å
šãã®åå¡ã§ãã£ãã260å¹Žãæ¹é«Šã¯ããã«äžæºãæ±ããåŽè¿æ°çŸåãåŒãé£ããŠèªæ®ºçãªã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒã詊ã¿ãããè³å
ã«ããæ®ºãããããã®åŸã«æç«ãããã®ãæ¹æã®å«ã«ãããæ¹å¥ã§ãã£ãã
263幎ãåžéЬæã¯é§èŸã»éŸäŒã掟é£ããŠèãæ»
ãŒãã(èæŒ¢ã®æ»
亡)ãããã264幎ãéŸäŒãå§ç¶ãšå
±ã«çå·ã§ç¬ç«ããããšåä¹±ãèµ·ãããæ··ä¹±ã®äžã§å§ç¶ãå«ã倿°ã®èå°ãéŸäŒã»é§èŸãèšããããéã«ããèãæ»
ãŒããããšãéã¯æ©äŒã«ä¹ãåã®äº€å·ãæ»ããåºå€§ãªé åãç²åŸããããšãšãªã£ããããã«ãããåžéЬæã¯éã®æå€§é åãçŸåºããã
265幎ãåžéЬæã¯æ»å»ãããã®æš©åãåŒãç¶ãã åžéЬçã«ããæ¹å¥ã¯çŠ
è²ã匷èŠãããéã¯æ»
ã³ããåžéЬçã¯æ°ãã«è¥¿æã建ãŠã280幎ã«åãåŸæããäžåœéŒç«ã®æä»£ãçµãããããæ¹å¥ã¯è¥¿æã®è³å®¢ãšããŠé³ççã«å°ãããã西æã®å
«çã®ä¹±ã®æäžã«å€©å¯¿ãå
šãããã
æ¹å¥ã®ä»¥éãæã»åæå®ã®äºçã®åŸãšããŠåç¶ããŠããæ§åããããåå«ã¯éã®æ»
亡ãã200幎以äžãäºçã®åŸãšããŠé³ççãçžç¶ããã
326å¹Žãæ¹å¥ã®åã®åã¯äžæã ããæ¹æã®çå«ã§ããæ¹å±ãæ±æã«ãã£ãŠé³ççã«å°ããããã358幎æ»å»ã363å¹Žãæ¹å±ã®åã®æ¹æ¢ãè·¡ãç¶ãã ã378幎æ»å»ã383å¹Žãæ¹æ¢ã®åã®æ¹éèªãè·¡ãç¶ãã 408幎æ»å»ã
420幎ãåè£ãæ±æããçŠ
è²ãåãåæå®ãšãªã£ãããåè£ã«çŠ
è²ãå§ããäžå¥ã«ãé³ççæ¹èå£ãåãé£ããŠãããåå¹Žãæ¹èå£ã¯æ»å»ãåŒã®æ¹èç§ãè·¡ãç¶ãã ã462幎æ»å»ã462å¹Žãæ¹èç§ã®åã®æ¹éãè·¡ãç¶ãã ãæ¹éã¯473幎æ»å»ã
479幎ãèéæãåæå®ããçŠ
è²ãåãåææãšãªã£ãããèéæã«çŠ
è²ãå§ããäžå¥ã«ãé³ççæ¹ç²²ãåãé£ããŠãããå幎8æãçäœãé€ãããã
ãã®äžåœéŒç«ã®æä»£ã¯ãåŸã«é³å¯¿ã«ãããäžåœå¿ãã«çºããããã
196å¹Žãæ¹æã¯éæµ©ã»æ£ç¥ãã®æèšã«åŸãã屯ç°å¶ãéå§ããŠããã屯ç°å¶ãšã¯ãæŠä¹±ã®ããã«èããã®ãããªããªã£ã蟲å°ãå®ã®å
µå£«ã蟲æ°ãè·è¡ããŠèãããå¶åºŠã§ãã(æ°å±¯)ã屯ç°å¶ã¯åœåã¯é£èªãããã任峻ãã®å°œåã«ããè»éã«ä¹ãããã®æ¿çã«ããæ¹æè»ã¯é£æã«äºæ¬ ããªãããã«ãªããåå°ã®é£ãè©°ããæ°è¡éã倧éã«éããäºãåºæ¥ããéã建åœããããšåœå¢ä»è¿ãéŠéœè¿éã§å
µå£«ã«ã蟲èãè¡ãããããã«ãªã£ã(è»å±¯)ã
é·æééžã®ç§ç®ã®äžã€ã®åå»ã«ã¯åæç¥è人ãäž»ã«æšæãããããæ¹æå¢åã®å¹¹éšã§ããè圧ã»èæžã»è³è©¡ã»è£æã»éŸç¹ã»è¯æã»çæããåå»ã«æšæãããŠãããæ¹æèªèº«ãåå»ã«æšæãããŠãããå·å矩éã¯ãè圧ã®äž»å°ã§ãæ¹æã®å
ã«å€ãã®å士(åæçç¥è人)ãéãŸãããããŠåå£«ã¯æŠå°ãæããŠæ¹ææ¿æš©å
ã§å€§ããªæš©åãæã£ããéå
¬åœãåºæ¥ãåŸã¯ãæ¿åºã®(æå®ç³»ã®)éèŠå®è·ã¯å士ã«ãã£ãŠå ããããããšããŠããã
æ¹æã¯å¢ååã®å¢çä»è¿ã«äœãäœæ°ãçæ¡æãæ°æãå¢ååã®ããå
åŽã«äœãŸããããããã¯æŠäºæã«ãããã®äººã
ãæµã«åŒå¿ãããããªãããã«ããããã§ãããæµã«æŠäºã§è² ããŠé å°ã奪ãããŠãäœæ°ã奪ãããªãããã«ããçºã§ãããäžåœæä»£ã¯çžæ¬¡ãæŠä¹±ãªã©ã«ããæžç±äººå£ãæ¿æžããŠãããåŽåè
ã¯éåžžã«è²Žéã ã£ããæ¹æè»ã®çæ¡ã®éšå
µã¯ãã®åã倧ãã«èœããããéã®å代çåžãšãªã£ãæ¹äžãåå·ã®å
µå£«5äžæžãæ²³åé¡ã«ç§»ããã
220幎ãéã®çåžã®æ¹äžã¯ãé³çŸ£ã®æèŠãæ¡çšããä¹åå®äººæ³ãšããå®åç»çšæ³ãå§ãã(åŸæ¥ã®å®åç»çšæ³ã¯é·æééžãæå)ãä¹åå®äººæ³ã§ã¯å®åã®åœ¹è·ãæé«äžåå®ããæäœä¹åå®ãŸã§ã®9çã®å®åã«åé¡ããããŸããé¡ã®äžæ£å®ãå®ååè£ãè©äŸ¡ããŠãäžåããä¹åãŸã§ã®é·åã«åé¡ããããã®é·åãå
ã«å®åãžã®æšèŠãè¡ãããæ°äººå®åã¯æåã¯é·åã®ååäžã®åœ¹è·ã«å°±ããäŸãã°é·åãäºåãªãã°å
åå®ãå®åãšããŠã®åºçºç¹(èµ·å®¶å®ãšåŒã°ãã)ãšãªãããã®åŸãé 調ã«åºäžããŠããã°æçµçã«ã¯é·åãšåãå®åãŸã§åºäžãããã以äžã®å®åãžã¯éåžžã¯äžããªããåžéЬæ¿ãéã®å®æš©ãæ¡ããšãäžæ£å®ã®äžã«ãé¡ãããåºãå°åã管èœããå·å€§äžæ£ãå°å
¥ãããããã«ããæš©åã®ããè
ãããä»å
¥ãããããªã£ããéããåžéЬæ°ã®è¥¿æãžç§»è¡ãããããããé·åã¯æ¬äººã®æèœãã芪ã®é·åã倧ãã圱é¿ããããã«ãªããé·åã®äžè¥²ãå§ãŸãã貎æå±€ã圢æãããããã«ãªã£ãã
å®äœã®ãããã«çããè
éã«ã€ããŠã¯
éã§ã¯ãå
µåœ¹çŸ©åã課ããããäžè¥²è»äººã®å®¶æã¯äžè¬ã®æžç±ãšã¯ç°ãªãå
µæžãšåŒã°ãã(å
µæžå¶)ãéã西æãæ±æãªã©ã§å
µæžåºèº«ã®å
µå£«ãè»éã®æ ¹å¹¹ãšãªã£ããéã»åã®æä»£ã«ãªããšäžè¬ã®æžç±ã®æ°è¡ãã城å
µããåºå
µå¶ãè¡ãããããã«ãªã£ãã
åŸæŒ¢æ«æã«æŠä¹±ã«ããéã®äžè¶³ãšåžåžã®çç£å¢å€§ãåããŠã204å¹Žã«æ¹æã¯è¢çŽ¹ã®æ¯é
å°åã§ãã£ãè¯åãäžå¿ã«åžåžã«ãã城çšãå°å
¥ããŠãã(ãã ããéšåçå°å
¥ã¯éåžã®æä»£ãŸã§é¡ãå¯èœæ§ãããããŸãæ¹æã«ããå°å
¥ãå
šé¢çã§ã¯ãªãã£ãå¯èœæ§ããã)ãããããã£ããã«éã§ã¯æžåäœã§åžåžãèª²ãæžèª¿å¶ãå°å
¥ãããããšã«ãªãã
äžæ¹ãæ¹æã¯208幎ã«è£åã廿¢ããäºééã埩掻ãããéãæç«ãã221幎ãš227幎ã«äºééãæ°ãã«é³é ããããã®ã®ãããã«é³é ã忢ãããŠãããããã¯åœå®¶çæ±ºæžææ®µãåžåžã«ç§»è¡ããåŸããæ°éã«ãããŠã¯å
šãŠã®ååŒãç©ã
亀æã«æ»ãããšã¯ãªããåŒãç¶ãéã®éèŠãé«ãã£ãã®ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããã«äºééãçºè¡ãããšèããããŠããã
æ¹äžã»æ¹æ€å
åŒã¯è©©äººãšããŠãæåã§ãæ¹æ€ã¯ãè©©èããšç§°ããããªã©é«ãè©äŸ¡ãããæ¹äžã¯æåŠè«ã§ãããå
žè«ããèäœããäžåœæåŠçã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããã
éã®äœæã»ç匌ãããçåŠããåµå§ããèèææ³ãçºå±ãããããŸãã竹æã®äžè³¢ã¯æž
è«ãè¡ããèèææ³ã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããã
éã®çžåœãšãªã£ãéŸç¹ã¯æžéå®¶ãšããŠãè©äŸ¡ãé«ãã£ãããç¹ã«é·æžã𿥷æžã®äžéã®ãããªæžäœã§ãããéŸç¹äœ(ããããããã)ãã¯æåã§ããã
éã®çºæå®¶ã®éЬéã¯æåè»ãæ°Žè»¢çŸæ¯ãšåŒã°ããæ°Žã§åããããã人圢ã®éæå£ã»æ¥œéãäœã£ãã
ãŸããæåŠå²çã«ããã°ãåŸæŒ¢ã®å»ºå®å¹Žé(196幎 - 220幎)ã¯æ¹æãäžå¿ãšããæåŠãµãã³ã圢æãããæ°ããæåŠã®åœ¢ãäœã£ãŠãã(å»ºå®æåŠ)ããã®å»ºå®æåŠã®æµãããéã®æä»£ã®ã¿ãªãããéæå忿代å
šäœã«ããã£ãŠç¶ããŠãããããããã«å»ºå®å¹Žéãéã®äžææãšèããæ¹ããæåŠå²çã«ã¯ãããããããšèšããã
å³å¯ã«èšãã°ãæ¹äžããçŠ
è²ãåããŠçåžã«ãªã£ã220幎ãéã®æç«ãšããã¹ãã§ãããããããªããæ¹æã®ååœäžããæ¹æãçåžã®ããã«åèšããŠäžäºãåãããŠããã®ã ãããæ¹æãæš©åãæã«å
¥ããŠãããéçæã®æç«ãšèŠãããšãã§ããããã®å Žåãæ¬¡ã®ãããªææãäºå®äžã®éçæã®æç«ãšæããããã
éå¿å人äŒã«ããã°ãå人ã¯åž¯æ¹é¡(çŸåšã®åæé®®å西éšã«ãããå°å)ã®æ±åã倧海ã®äžã«åšãã山島ã«äŸã£ãŠåœãé(ãã)ãçºããŠãããæ§(ããš)ã¯çŸäœåœãã£ããæŒ¢ã®æãæèŠããè
ããããä»ã¯äº€æµå¯èœãªåœã¯äžååœã§ãã......ããªã©ãšãããå匥åŒã女çãšããéªéЬå°åœã¯ãã®äžå¿ãšãããäžååœã®ãã¡ã®å€ã(äºååœåŒ±=察銬åœãã奎åœãŸã§)ããã®æ¯é
äžã«ãã£ããšããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD)
|
8,129 |
äºããŠåãã°ãã·ãŠã
|
äºããŠåãã°ãã·ãŠã (ã«ããŠããã°ãã·ãŠã ãmagnesium bromideãMgB2)ã¯ããŠçŽ ãšãã°ãã·ãŠã ãããªãç¡æ©ååç©ã§ãå
æ¹æ¶ã®å±€ç¶ç©è³ªãçµæ¶æ§é 㯠AlB2 åæ§é (P6/mmm)ãããã¯ãããŠçŽ ãã°ã©ãã¡ã€ãã®ããã«äºã®ç²(ããã«ã )ç¶ãšãªã£ãŠå±€ç¶ã«ç©å±€ããéãããã°ãã·ãŠã ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒã«ã¬ãŒã(intercalate, æ¿å
¥)ãããããªæ§é ã§ãããéå±éååç©ã§ãããéå±ã®æ§è³ªã瀺ããããŠçŽ å±€å
ã¯äž»ã«å
±æçµåã§ãããããŠçŽ å±€ããã°ãã·ãŠã å±€éã¯ã€ãªã³çµåçãªåã§çµåããŠãã(ãã®ç¹ããã°ã©ãã¡ã€ãå±€éã®ãã¡ã³ãã«ã¯ãŒã«ã¹çµåãšç°ãªã)ã
2001幎1æã«éå±±åŠé¢å€§åŠã®ç§å
çŽãã®ã°ã«ãŒããããããããµããç©è³ªãšããŠåžè²©ããããŠãã MgB2 ããå®ã¯ 39ã±ã«ãã³ (K) ã§è¶
äŒå°ã瀺ãããšãçºèŠããã転移枩床ã¯é
é
žåç©ãäžå¿ãšãã髿ž©è¶
äŒå°ç©è³ªããã¯ããã«äœãããéå±éååç©(ãããã¯éå±)ã§ã¯Nb3Ge(転移枩床 23 K)以æ¥ã®æŽæ°ã§ãã£ãã
MgB2 ã«ãããå€éè¶
äŒå°ã®ã£ããã®èµ·æº (The origin of multiple superconducting gaps in MgB2) ã«ã€ããŠã®è«æã2003幎ã«åºçãããŠããã
è¶
é»å°ãªãã¢çšã³ã€ã«ãšããŠJRæ±æµ·(æ±æµ·æ
客éé)ãªã©ã®ç ç©¶ãããã¿ã2005幎æç¥äžåã§è¶
é»å°ãªãã¢çšã®äºããŠåãã°ãã·ãŠã ã®ã³ã€ã«ãå
¬éãããã
JRæ±æµ·ã¯2007幎4æ20æ¥ãäºããŠåãã°ãã·ãŠã ã䜿ã£ãè¶
äŒå°ç·æã§å€§å(çŽåŸ 500ããªã¡ãŒãã«)è¶
äŒå°ã³ã€ã«ã補äœãããã䜿çšããŠ(æ¶²äœããªãŠã ãªã©ã®æ¶²äœå·åªã§ãªã)å·åæ©ã§å·åŽããŠç£çãçºçããé()ãæµ®äžãããå®éšã«æåãããšçºè¡šããã
äºããŠåãã°ãã·ãŠã ã¯å±±æ¢šãªãã¢å®éšç·ã§äœ¿çšãããŠããããªããã¿ã³åéãããèšç枩床ã â234 °Cãš 35 °C é«ããå¹çããè¶
äŒå°ç¶æ
ãç¶æã§ãããèšç枩床ã¯ã»ã©ããã¯ã¹ç³»ã®ã»ããããã«é«ãããäºããŠåãã°ãã·ãŠã ã¯ã»ã©ããã¯ã¹ç³»ããäžå€«ã§æ±ããããå®çšåäžã³ã¹ãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãé«ããJRæ±æµ·ã§ã¯2003幎ã«äºããŠåãã°ãã·ãŠã ã®ç·ç¶åã«æåã2004幎ã«ã³ã€ã«ã補äœãåœæäžçæé«ã®ç£çãçºçããããåŸæ¥ã¯çŽåŸ 30ããªã¡ãŒãã«ã§ãã£ãã2007幎4æã«ã¯çŽåŸ 500ããªã¡ãŒãã«ã®å€§åã³ã€ã«ã補äœã(ãããæ¶²äœããªãŠã ã«çŽæ¥æµžãå·åŽããåŸæ¥ã®æ¹æ³ã«å¯Ÿã)å·åæ©ã«ããäŒå°å·åŽã§ãç£çãçºçãããããšãã§ããäžçåã®è©Šéšã§ãã£ããå®éã«ã¯ 0.05ãã¹ã©çšåºŠã®ç£çãçºçãããšæ³å®ãããçŽ 630ããã°ã©ã ã®éãæµ®äžãããã
çŽæ¥æµžããŠå·åŽããæ¹åŒã¯ãå®å®ããŠå·ãããäžæ¹ã§ãã¡ã³ããã³ã¹ã«æéãããããšããæ¬ ç¹ããããããªãã¢ãžã®å¿çšå®çšåãèããã°ãäŒå°å·åŽãªãã°å·åŽè£
眮ãç°¡çŽ åã§ããå
šã³ã¹ãã®äœæžãæåŸ
ã§ãããšããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E3%83%9B%E3%82%A6%E5%8C%96%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B0%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0
|
8,130 |
ã³ãŒãšãŒ
|
æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã³ãŒãšãŒ(ç»èšäžã®åå·:æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿå
æ ãè±: KOEI Co., Ltd.)ã¯ããã€ãŠååšããæ¥æ¬ã®ããœã³ã³ã²ãŒã ã»éçºããŒã«ããã³å®¶åºçšã²ãŒã æ©ã®ã²ãŒã ãœããéçºäŒç€Ÿã§ããã1978å¹Žåµæ¥ã2010幎ã«åæ¥ã®ãã¯ã¢ãšå䜵ããã³ãŒãšãŒãã¯ã¢ã²ãŒã ã¹ãšãªã£ãã
å
æ ã»KOEIã®ãã©ã³ãåã§ç¥ããããå
ã
ã¯ææããã³å·¥æ¥è¬åã®åå±ã§ãã£ããã1980幎ã«åµæ¥è
ã®è¥å·éœäžãã²ãŒã éçºã«èå³ãç€ºãæ¥çš®è»¢æããã2009幎4æã«ãã¯ã¢ãšçµå¶çµ±åãè¡ããã³ãŒãšãŒãã¯ã¢ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¹ãèšç«ã2010幎4æã«ãã¯ã¢ãåžåå䜵ãã³ãŒãšãŒãã¯ã¢ã²ãŒã ã¹ã«åå·å€æŽãããå䜵æã«éçºéšéã(æ°)ã³ãŒãšãŒã(æ°)ãã¯ã¢ã«åé¢ããããã2011幎4æã«åçµ±åãããã
1983幎4æã«çºå£²ããããä¿¡é·ã®éæãã¯ãã®åŸã·ãªãŒãºåãããå瀟ã®ä»£è¡šäœãšãªã£ãã以åŸãäžåå¿ãã·ãªãŒãºãªã©ãå ãããæŽå²ã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ããšãããžã£ã³ã«ã確ç«ããã売ãäžãäžæ¯ã§ããœã³ã³ã®ã²ãŒã åžå Žããæ€éããã¡ãŒã«ãŒãå€ããªããæ°å°ãªãåœç£éã¢ãã«ãPCã²ãŒã ã¡ãŒã«ãŒãšããŠã25幎以äžã«ãããPCåãã«æŽå²ã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã²ãŒã ãæäŸãç¶ããã
1994幎9æã«ã¯äžçåãšãªã女æ§åãææã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã²ãŒã ãã¢ã³ãžã§ãªãŒã¯ããçºå£²ããã®ã»ã3Dã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãç¡åã·ãªãŒãºããMMORPGã®éçºãæãããã
äŒç€Ÿèšç«ã®éã«ãæ¥çš®ã«ãšããããªã瀟åãæåŠåž«ã«å§ãããããå
ãæ ããäŒç€Ÿã«ããšããé¡ãããããŠåã¥ããããããªãã¢ã«ãã¡ããã衚èšã¯åœåãKOEYãã ã£ãããå€åœäººã«ã¯ãã³ãŒã€ãŒããšããèªããªããšããææãåããKOEIãã«æ¹ããã
å
æ ãã€ã³ã³ã·ã¹ãã (KOEY)(èšç«ã1984幎) â å
æ (KOEI)(1984ã98幎) â ã³ãŒãšãŒ(koei)(1998幎9æCI宿œ)ã
CI宿œåŸããé¢é£å£äœã ã£ãç§åŠæè¡è忝è財å£(FOST)ã¯2021幎çŸåšãå代ã®ããŽãæµçšããŠããã»ãããšã«ãŽãœãã(ERGO)ãäŒç€Ÿè§£æ£ãŸã§åæ§ã®ããŽã䜿çšããŠããã
ã²ãŒã éå§ç»é¢ãªã©ã§çŸããã³ãŒãšãŒã®ããŽã®ç¹åŸŽã瀺ãã
ãåµé ãšè²¢ç®ã
1978幎7æ25æ¥ãè¥å·éœäžãå幎åç£ã«é¥ã£ãå®¶æ¥ãç¶ãæ æšçè¶³å©åžã«ææããã³å·¥æ¥è¬ååå±ãå
æ ãã嵿¥ãè¥å·27æ³ã®æã§ãã£ãããã®åŸãåœæã®åŠçãã³ãã£ãŒã§æµè¡ããŠããã¬ã³ãŒãã¬ã³ã¿ã«ãªã©ç°æ¥çš®ã«é²åºãåœæã®ã¢ã«ãã€ãåºå¡ã«åŸã®ã¹ã¯ãŠã§ã¢ç€Ÿé·ã»éŽæšå°ãããã
1980幎10æ26æ¥ãè¥å·ã¯30æ³ã®èªçæ¥ã«åŠ»ã»æµåããã·ã£ãŒã補ããœã³ã³ã»MZ-80Cããã¬ãŒã³ãããããããããã£ããã§ãè¥å·ã¯ããœã³ã³ã«æ²¡é ã瀟å
ã«ãå
æ ãã€ã³ã³ã·ã¹ãã ããšãããœããéçºéšéãèšããŠãå幎12æããããœã³ã³è²©å£²ããã³æ¥åçšç¹æ³šãœããã®éçºãéå§ãçµå¶ã¯å°åã§ãã劻ãšäºäººäžèã§è¡ããåºèã¯åŠ»ã®å®å®¶ã®è»å
ãåããŠããã
1981幎10æã第1äœãã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãŠã©ãŒã²ãŒã å·äžå³¶ã®åæŠããçºå£²(ã¡ãã£ã¢ã¯ã«ã»ããããŒã)ããææã ãã®å¹Žåããã3åã®å¹Žåãäžãããåæçºå£²ã®ãæè³ã²ãŒã ãã®ã»ãããå°åºæ¢æ€ããã³ã³ããããããã«ãã³ãã£ãŒäžéžäœæŠãã®åäœåãçºå£²ãããããã5äœåã¯ãã®ããã±ãŒãžã®ãã¶ã€ã³ãããå
æ ã®èµ€ç®±ã·ãªãŒãºããšåŒã°ã人æ°ãåããããŸããã®é ã¯ããžãã¹ãœãããã¢ãã«ãã²ãŒã (åŸã«ã¹ããããªãŒãã«ãã·ãªãŒãºãšããŠç¥ããã)ãæãããŠããã
1983幎3æ30æ¥ããä¿¡é·ã®éæããçºå£²ã倧ãããäœãšãªã£ãããšãæ©ã«ãœããéçºã«å°å¿µããããšãšãã1984幎10æã«æ¬ç€Ÿã暪æµåžæž¯ååºæ¥åæ¬çºã«ç§»è»¢ããããã®é ã¯èªç€Ÿéçºä»¥å€ã«ä»ç€Ÿè£œã²ãŒã ã®ç§»æ€ãåèšããŠããã代衚çãªäœåã«ãå¿è
ãã éåã®åéºãããã©ãŒã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³Zããªã©ãããã
1985幎7æã«ã¯ãèŒãçŒãšçœãç鹿ãããå幎12æã«ã¯ãäžåå¿ããçºå£²ãããããã3äœåãäžå¿ã«ãæŽå²ã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ããšãããžã£ã³ã«ãå®çãããã
1988幎4æããåºçäºæ¥ãéå§ãèªç€Ÿè£œã²ãŒã ã®ã¬ã€ãããã¯ãå§ããå°èª¬ãã³ããã¯ãæŽå²ã競銬ãªã©ã«é¢ããéåŠæžç±ãªã©ãçºè¡ããŠãã(2010幎4æã®åç·šã§çŸåšã¯ã³ãŒãšãŒãã¯ã¢ã²ãŒã ã¹ã®åºçéšéãšãªã£ãŠãã)ããªãã2007幎12æã«ã©ã€ãããã«ç³»æåº«ã¬ãŒãã«ã»GAMECITYæåº«ãåµåããã女æ§åãã®äœåãå€ãã
1994幎9æãæ¥çåã®å¥³æ§ã«ãã女æ§ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®ããã®ææã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã²ãŒã ãã¢ã³ãžã§ãªãŒã¯ããçºå£²ã以åŸä»ç€Ÿã§ãåæ§ã®äœåãå¶äœããããã«ãªããã女æ§åãææã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã¯ãžã£ã³ã«ãšããŠç¢ºç«ããã
ãã®ããã«ã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã²ãŒã ãäžå¿ã«å¶äœããŠãããã1997幎2æã«å¯ŸæŠåæ Œéã²ãŒã ãäžåç¡åããçºå£²ãæ°ããªãŠãŒã¶ãŒå±€ãåã蟌ãã ãéã«ã2000幎以éã¯æ¥æ¬ã®æŠåœæä»£ã»äžåœã®äžåœæä»£ä»¥å€ãåãäžããæŽå²ã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³äœåã®çºè¡šãçç¡ãšãªã£ãŠãã(2005幎ã«ãå€§èªæµ·æä»£Onlineããçºå£²ãããŠããããåäœã¯MMORPGã§ãã)ãããã«ãåŸæ¥ã¯1-2幎ããã«æ°äœããªãªãŒã¹ãããŠãããä¿¡é·ã®éæããäžåå¿ãã·ãªãŒãºããè¿å¹Žã¯çºå£²ééãé·ããªã£ãŠããã
2008幎9æ4æ¥ã«åæ¥äžå
ã®ãã¯ã¢ãšçµå¶çµ±åã®åè°ãéå§ãããšå
¬è¡šãå幎11æ18æ¥ã«çµ±åå¥çŽæžãç· çµãã2009幎4æ1æ¥ã«å
±åææ ªäŒç€Ÿã³ãŒãšãŒãã¯ã¢ããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¹ãèšç«ã
2010幎4æ1æ¥ã«ã³ãŒãšãŒãåç¶äŒç€ŸãšããŠãã¯ã¢ãåžåå䜵ããã³ãŒãšãŒãã¯ã¢ã²ãŒã ã¹ãçºè¶³ãéçºéšéã¯(æ°)ã³ãŒãšãŒã(æ°)ãã¯ã¢ã«åé¢ããããããæŽã«æè»ãã€æ©åçãªéçºäœå¶ãžãšå€ããŠããå¿
èŠãããããšããŠã2011幎4æã«å床åžåå䜵ãããã
åºå
ž:
ã»ãŒã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã²ãŒã ã®å°æ¥ã¡ãŒã«ãŒã ã£ãé ã¯ããããããããŒãŠãŒã¶ãŒãã¡ã€ã³ã®è³Œå
¥è
å±€ãšèšããããã®åŸã女æ§åãææã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã²ãŒã ã»ããªããã³ã¹ã·ãªãŒãºããã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã²ãŒã ãçã»äžåç¡åãã·ãªãŒãºãªã©ã«ããæ°ãããŠãŒã¶ãŒå±€ãç²åŸããã
ããã«è¿å¹Žã¯ã¬ã³ãã ã·ãªãŒãºããåæã®æ³ãããONE PIECEããªã©ã®äººæ°ã¢ãã¡ã顿ã«ãããç¡åã·ãªãŒãºããçžæ¬¡ãã§çºå£²ããã©ã€ããŠãŒã¶ãŒå±€ã倧å¹
ã«å¢å ããŠããã
ã³ãŒãšãŒãéå¶ããã²ãŒã æ
å ±ãŠã§ããµã€ãããªã³ã©ã€ã³ãŠãŒã¶ãŒç»é²ãã³ãŒãšãŒãã¡ã³ã¯ã©ãå
¥äŒããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã·ã§ããã³ã°ããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã²ãŒã ã®ã¢ã«ãŠã³ãäœæãªã©ã«ã¯GAMECITYåžæ°ç»é²(ç¡æ)ãå¿
èŠãšãªãã
ãªããæ§ã³ãŒãšãŒã¯ã¬ãžãã(æ§å¹žçŠéè¡ã°ã«ãŒããçŸæ°çãã£ãã³ã·ã£ã«)ãšã®éã«è³æ¬ã»äººçé¢ä¿ã¯ãªãã£ãã
å
ã¯ãªã³ãšã€ã·ã§ã³ã²ãŒã ãšããŠçºå£²ãããããåŸã«ç¬ç«ã·ãªãŒãºåã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC
|
8,131 |
æ ç»ã¹ã¿ãã
|
æ ç»ã¹ã¿ãã(ãããã¹ã¿ãã)ã¯ãå°éæè¡ããã£ãŠãæŒåºåŽ(ç£ç£)ã®èŠæ±ã«å¿ããŠæ ç»äœåäœãã«åå ããŠãã人ã
ãæããåºãæå³ã§ã¯ã宣äŒã»é
絊ãªã©ç£ç£ã®æš©éãåã°ãªãåéã®é¢ä¿è
ãæãã
倧ããã¯æåž«ãšå©æã«åããäºãåºæ¥ããç£ç£ããããã¥ãŒãµãŒãã¹ã¿ããã§ã¯ããããæåž«ã®ç¯çã«ã¯éåžžå
¥ããªãããŸãæŒæè
ã§ãã俳åªã¯ãã®äžã«ã¯å«ãŸãªãã以äžã¯æ¥æ¬æ ç»ã«ãããäŸã
婿ãã€ãããåç¬ã§åå ããããšãå€ãã®ãã
çã
ã¹ã¿ããã®åãæ¹ãšããŠ
ãšããåãæ¹ãããå Žåãå€ãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%83%E3%83%95
|
8,132 |
ããžã§ãŒã«
|
ããžã§ãŒã«å
±ååœ(ããžã§ãŒã«ããããããããã©ã³ã¹èª: République du Niger)ãéç§°ããžã§ãŒã«ã¯ã西ã¢ããªã«ã®ãµãã©ç æŒ åçžã®ãµãã«å°åž¯ã«äœçœ®ããå
±åå¶åœå®¶ãéŠéœã¯ãã¢ã¡ã§ãããå
éžåœã§ãããå西ããåæèšåãã§ã¢ã«ãžã§ãªã¢ãããªããã«ãããã¡ãœãããã³ããã€ãžã§ãªã¢ããã£ãããªãã¢ãšé£æ¥ããã
æ£åŒåç§°ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹èªã§ãRépublique du Niger(ã¬ãã¥ããªã¯ã»ãã¥ã»ããžã§ãŒã«)ãéç§°ãNigerãå
¬åŒã®è±èªè¡šèšã¯ãRepublic of Niger(ãªãããªã¯ã»ãªãŽã»ãã€ãžã£ãããã¯ããŒãžã§ã¢)ãéç§°ãNigerãæ¥æ¬èªã®è¡šèšã¯ãããžã§ãŒã«å
±ååœãéç§°ãããžã§ãŒã«ã
åœåã®ç±æ¥ã¯ãããžã§ãŒã«åœå
ãæµããããžã§ãŒã«å·ãããããžã§ãŒã«å·ã®èªæºã¯ãéç§æ°ã®ãã¥ã¢ã¬ã°æã«ãããã®å·ãããšãžãŒã¬ã³(n'egiren)ãå·ãããŸãã¯ãšãžãŒã¬ã³(egiren)ãå·ããšåŒã°ããŠããããšã«ãããããããã©ã³ã¹äººã«äŒããããã©ãã³èªã§ãé»ããæå³ããããžã§ãŒã«(niger)ãšè»¢èšããã
ããžã§ãŒã« (Niger) ãšãã€ãžã§ãªã¢(Nigeria) ã®2ãåœã¯æ¬æ¥ãåãå°åãæããŠãããæ§å®äž»åœãç°ã«ããäž¡å°åãå¥ã
ã«ç¬ç«ããéãçŸåšã®ããã«å¥ã®åœãæãããšãšãªã£ãã
9äžçŽãããããžã§ãŒã«å·æµåã«çŸåšã®ããªæ±éšã®ã¬ãªãéŠéœãšãããœã³ã¬ã€åžåœãèããããžã§ãŒã«å·æµåå°æ¹ãæ¯é
ããããœã³ã¬ã€ã¯æ©ãããåã¢ããªã«ãšã®äº€æããããã€ã¹ã©ã åãé²ãã§ãããæ±éšã®ãã£ãæ¹åšèŸºã¯ã«ãã çåœãæ¯é
ããŠããããœã³ã¬ã€åžåœã¯14äžçŽã«ã¯ããªåžåœã®å±åœãšãªã£ããã®ã®14äžçŽåŸåã«ã¯åç¬ç«ãã15äžçŽã«ã¯æçæãè¿ããããã®ããã«ã¯ãœã³ã¬ã€ã®å¢ååã¯äžéšã«ãŸã§åãã§ãããã16äžçŽæ«ã«ã¯åžåœãã¢ããã³ã®ãµã¢ãæã«æãããããã®æ¯é
ã¯åŽ©å£ãããæ±éšã¯ã«ãã çåœãåé·ãããã«ãåžåœã®æ¯é
äžã«ãã£ãã19äžçŽã«ã¯ããã¬ã©ã (çŸã¶ã³ããŒã«)ã«å°çæãããããã®ä»ããã€ãã®å°å¢åã岿 ããŠããããããžã§ãŒã«å
šäœãæ¯é
ããå¢åã¯ååšããªãã£ãã
19äžçŽæ«ã«ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ãšãã©ã³ã¹ãé²åºãã1898幎䞡åœã®åå®ã«ãã£ãŠãã©ã³ã¹ã20äžçŽãŸã§ã«å
šåãé æ(ãã©ã³ã¹é 西ã¢ããªã«)ããã©ã³ã¹ã¯ãžã§ã«ã人(è±èªç)ãåªéããæå€§æ°æã®ããŠãµäººãªã©ãæ¯é
ãããæ¿çãæ¡ã£ãã1900幎ã«ã¯en:Sultanate of Agadez(1449幎-1900幎)ã䜵åãããã1916幎ããã¥ã¢ã¬ã°æã®è²ŽæKaocen Ag Mohammedãã¢ã¬ãã¹ã§èèµ·ãã(en:Kaocen Revolt)ãç¿å¹Žãåä¹±ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹è»ã«é®å§ãããã1922幎ã«ãã©ã³ã¹é 西ã¢ããªã«ã®äžéšã«åç·šãããã1926幎ãããŠãµäººã倿°æŽŸã®ã¶ã³ããŒã«ãããžã§ã«ã人ãå€ããã¢ã¡ã«è¡æ¿æ©èœãç§»ãããé·éœããã
1958幎ã«ã¯èªæ²»åœãšãªããèªæ²»æ¿åºéŠçžã«ã¯ããžã§ãŒã«é²æ©å
å
éŠã®ã¢ããã»ãã£ãªãªã就任ããããã£ãªãªã¯1959å¹Žãæ¿æµã§ãããµã¯ãå
ã®ãžãã»ãã«ãªã远æŸããµã¯ãå
ã®æŽ»åãçŠæ¢ããã1960幎8æ3æ¥ã«å
±ååœãšããŠç¬ç«ããå代倧統é ã«ã¯ãã£ãªãªãå°±ããããã£ãªãªã¯å»ºåœåŸããã«ä»å
ãçŠæ¢ãäžå
å¶ãæ·ããšãšãã«èŠªä»çç«å Žãåããªããã¢ããªã«ã®æåæ¿æ²»å®¶ãšããŠå€äº€ã§æŽ»èºãããã®ã®å
æ¿ã¯åæ»ãç¶ãã1970幎代ã®å€§æ±éã«ãã£ãŠåœå
æ
å¢ã¯äžå®å®åããã
1974幎4æãéžè»ã®ã»ã€ãã»ã¯ã³ãã§åè¬é·ãã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒã§è»äºæ¿æš©ãæé«è»äºè©è°äŒããæš¹ç«ãåè©è°äŒã®è°é·ã«å°±ä»»ãããæ²æ³ã¯åæ¢ãããè°äŒã»æ¿å
掻åãäžæ¢ããããã¯ã³ãã§æ¿æš©ã®ããšã§ã¯åéšã®ã¢ãŒãªããã§ãŠã©ã³ã®çç£ãéå§ããããŸãæ±éãåãŸã£ããã1980幎ãããŸã§çµæžã¯æé·ãç¶ãããããã®åŸã¯ãŸãæ±éãèµ·ãããŠã©ã³äŸ¡æ Œã®äœè¿·ããã£ãŠçµæžã¯ãµããã³åæ»ããã1987幎11æã«ã¯ã¯ã³ãã§åè¬é·ãæ»äº¡ããã¢ãªãŒã»ã»ããåŸç¶è
ãšãªã£ãã
ãã®ã»ãã¯1989幎ã«ç€ŸäŒçºå±åœæ°éåãçµæããŠæ°æ¿ç§»ç®¡ãç®æããå幎9æã®åœæ°æç¥šã§æ°æ²æ³ãæ¿èªããã12æã®éžæã§ã¢ãªãŒã»ã»ãã倧統é ã«éžåºãããŠåœ¢åŒçã«æ°æ¿ç§»ç®¡ãããã®ã®ãéæ°äž»çãªäœå¶ã¯ãã®ãŸãŸã ã£ãã1990幎ãäžå€®æ¿åºã®è³æºç¬å ã«äžæºãæã€ãã¥ã¢ã¬ã°æãšãã¥ãŒãã¥ãŒæ(è±èªç)ã®åæ¿åºå¢åãšã®éã§ãã¥ã¢ã¬ã°æµæéå(è±èªç)ãåçºããã
1991幎ã«ãªããšæ°äž»åéåãæ¿ãããªããã»ãæ¿æš©ã¯æ°äž»åã«ãšãããã£ãã1992幎12æã«æ°æ²æ³ãåœæ°æç¥šã§æ¿èªãããŠè€æ°æ¿å
å¶ãèªãããã1993幎2æã®è°äŒéžã§6å
ã®é£åäœãå€é©å¢ååçãããè»äºæ¿æš©æä»£ã®äžå
ã瀟äŒçºå±åœæ°éå(MNSD)ãã«åå©ããã3æã®å€§çµ±é éžæã§ã¯æ°äž»ç€ŸäŒäŒè°(CDS)ã®ããããã»ãŠã¹ãã³å
éŠãåœéžã4æã«ããããã¥ã»ã€ã¹ããéŠçžã«å°±ä»»ããã
1995幎1æã®ç·éžæã§ã¯ MNSD ãªã©ã®éå
é£åãåå©ãã2æã«ããã»ã¢ããã¥(è±èªç)MNSDæžèšé·ãéŠçžå°±ä»»ã4æãèªæ²»ãæ±ãããã¥ã¢ã¬ã°æããã³ãã¥ãŒãã¥ãŒæ(è±èªç)åæ¿åºå¢åãšåå¹³åæã
1996幎1æãè»ã®ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒã§ã€ãã©ã€ã ã»ãã¬ã»ãã€ããµã©éžè»åè¬é·ãè°é·ãšãããæåœå§å¡äŒããè»äºæ¿æš©ãæš¹ç«ã
7æã®å€§çµ±é éžæã§ãã€ããµã©è°é·ããŠã¹ãã³å倧統é ããã¶ãåœéžã12æãã€ããµã©å€§çµ±é ã¯æåœå§å¡äŒãè§£æ£ãã¢ããã¥ã»ã·ã»(è±èªç)åçµæžçžãéŠçžã«ä»»åœãããã1997幎11æã«ã¯éå
ãšã®å¯Ÿç«ãã¹ãã©ã€ãåé¡ã解決ã§ããªããšããŠè§£ä»»ãã€ãã©ã€ã ã»ãããµã³ã»ãã€ã(è±èªç)å€çžãæ°éŠçžã«ã
1999幎4æãåã³è»ãã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒãèµ·ããã倧統é èŠè·éããã¢ã¡ã®ç©ºæž¯ã§ãã€ããµã©å€§çµ±é ãéæ®ºããããããŠèŠè·ééé·ã®ããªãã»ãã©ã ã»ã¯ã³ã±å°äœãè°é·ãšããè»äºæ¿æš©ãåœå®¶åè§£è©è°äŒãã宿š©ãææ¡ãè°äŒãè§£æ£ããæ²æ³ã忢ãããè»äºæ¿æš©ã«ããæ²æ³èæ¡ã®æ¯éãåãåœæ°æç¥šã7æè¡ãããçŽ90 %ã®æ¯æã§æ¿èªããããæ°æ²æ³ã¯å€§çµ±é ãšéŠçžã®æš©ååæ
ãèŠå®ã
10æã®å€§çµ±é éžæã§è»ã®å
å¹¹éšã§ MNSDå
å¡ã®ã¿ã³ãžã£ã»ãããã¥ãåœéžããããããã¥å€§çµ±é ã¯12æãMNSDæžèšé·ã®ããã»ã¢ããã¥(è±èªç)å
éŠçžãéŠçžã«ä»»åœããã
2000幎3æãããããã¥ã»ã€ã¹ãå
éŠçžãçããããžã§ãŒã«æ°äž»ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©å
(PNDS)ãäžå¿ãšããéå
å¢åããæ°äž»å¢åé£åã(CFD) ãçµæã6æ MNSD ãªã©å€§çµ±é æ¯æå¢åãè°äŒå€æ°æŽŸã®ãæ°äž»å¢ååçã(AFD) ãçµæããã2001幎2æã倧åŠãžã®æ¿åºè£å©é50 %以äžåæžã«æè°ããåŠçãåå°ã§ãã¢ãèŠå®éãšè¡çªãæ¿åºã¯ã¢ããã¥ã»ã ã ã倧åŠ(è±èªç)(æ§ãã¢ã¡å€§åŠ)ãééã4æãã€ããµã©å€§çµ±é éæ®ºäºä»¶ã®ææ»ãæ±ããæ¯æè
ãæ°å人ãéŠéœã§ãã¢ã2002幎7æãè³éãåŸ
éã«æè°ããè»å
µå£«ãåæ±éšã®ãã£ãã¡ã§åä¹±ãèµ·ãããã©ãžãªå±ãå æ ãæ¿åºã¯åæã®ãã¡ã«ããã£ãã¡ã«éåžžäºæ
宣èšãçºä»€ãããåä¹±ã¯8æã«ã¯ãã¢ã¡ã«ãæ¡å€§ããããæ¿åºè»ãé®å§ã200人以äžã®å
µå£«ã鮿ãããã
ããžã§ãŒã«å·ã®ã¬ãå³¶(è±èªç)ã®åž°å±åé¡ãããããããã³ãšåœå¢çŽäºãæ±ããã2000幎5æãå³¶ã«å»ºèšäžã®ããã³æ¿åºæœèšãããžã§ãŒã«è»ãç Žå£ã6æã«åæ¹ãäŒè«ãããæ±ºè£ããã¢ããªã«çµ±äžæ©æ§(OAUãçŸã¢ããªã«é£å)ãªã©ã«ä»²è£ãèŠè«ã2001幎6æãäž¡åœã¯çµè«ãåœéåžæ³è£å€æ(ICJ)ã®å€æã«ãã ããããšã§åæããã
2004幎æ«ã®å€§éšã§ãµãã¯ããããã¿ãçºçããçµæ(ããµãã¯ããããã¿ã®å€§éçºç(è±èªç)(2003幎 - 2005幎)ããã2003-2005幎ã®è害ã)ããã©ãã£ãã¿ãŠã¢ããã£ã©ããªãã¶ã³ããŒã«ã§é£ç³§å±æ©(è±èªç)ãèµ·ãã£ã(ãµãã«æ±é(è±èªç)ãåç
§)ã2007幎ã«ã¯ãã¥ã¢ã¬ã°æµæéå(è±èªç) ãåçããã
ãããã¥å€§çµ±é ã¯2009幎8æ4æ¥ã«æ°æ²æ³å¶å®ã«é¢ããåœæ°æç¥šãè¡ããšè¡šæãããæ²æ³è£å€æã¯éæ³ãªæ±ºå®ãšå€æãããããããã¥ã¯æ²æ³è£å€æãè§£æ£ãããæç¥šã匷è¡ããæ§ããèŠãã(en)ããã®åœæ°æç¥šã¯äºå®éã宿œãããæ°æ²æ³ã¯æ¡æããããããã«ããã2012å¹Žã®æ°æ²æ³æœè¡ãŸã§ã®3幎éããããã¥ãçŸè¡æ²æ³ã®ããšã§åŒãç¶ãæ¿æš©ãçããããšã«ãªããæŽã«çŸè¡æ²æ³ã«ååšãã3éžçŠæ¢èŠå®ãæ°æ²æ³ã§ã¯åé€ãããããšã§ã2012幎以éããããã¥ã倧統é è·ã«çãŸãç¶ããå¯èœæ§ãåºãŠããã
2010幎2æããããã¥å€§çµ±é ã3æç®ãç®æãä»»æå»¶é·ã匷è¡ããããšããããšãããåœå
ã®ç·åŒµãæªåã2æ18æ¥ãåã³è»ãã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒãèµ·ãããè»ã倧統é ãšé£åãææãåœè»é«å®ããæ°äž»äž»çŸ©åŸ©èæé«è©è°äŒ(Supreme Council for the Restoration of DemocracyãCSRD)ãã«ããè»äºæ¿æš©ã®æš¹ç«ã宣èšããæ²æ³ã®åæ¢ãšæ¿åºã®è§£æ£ã®å®£èšãåœå¢ã®ééãå€éå€åºã®çŠæ¢ãçºä»€ããããã®ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒã«å¯Ÿãåœé瀟äŒã¯æ¹å€ã匷ããŠããããäžæ¹ã§æ°å人ã®åžæ°ãè»ã®å
µèã®åšå²ã«éãŸããè»äžæ³ããªã©ãšå«ã³ãªããè»äºæ¿æš©ãžã®æ¯æã瀺ããªã©åœæ°ã¯ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒãæè¿ããµã«ã»ãžããæ«å®åœå®¶å
éŠã«å°±ä»»ããããã®åŸãè»äºæ¿æš©ãæ¡æããæ°æ²æ³æ¡ã2010幎11æã®åœæ°æç¥š(è±èªç)ã§å¯æ±ºããããããã¥ã®äŒå³ããå€§çµ±é æš©éã匷åããæ°æ²æ³ã¯è¬ãå»ãããã
2011幎4æ7æ¥ãéžæã«ããæ°å€§çµ±é ã«ããžã§ãŒã«æ°äž»ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©å
ã®ããããã¥ã»ã€ã¹ããéžã°ããããªããã€ã¹ã倧統é ã¯2016幎ã®éžæã§åéžãããã
ã€ã¹ãã®ä»»ææºäºã«äŒŽãç·éžæ(è±èªç)ã2020幎12æ27æ¥ã«å®æœãããããåè£ã®äžã§éåæ°ãç²åŸããè
ãããªãã£ããã2021幎2æ21æ¥ã«ã¢ãã¡ãã»ããºã ãšããããã»ãŠã¹ãã³ã®æ±ºéžæç¥šã宿œããããçµæã¯ããºã ã55ããŒã»ã³ãã®ç¥šãç²åŸãåœéžãããæåãããŠã¹ãã³é£å¶ã¯ãéžæçµæã®äžæ£ã䞻匵ããã¢æŽ»åã宿œããã3æ31æ¥ã«ã¯äžéšã®è»äººã«ããã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒæªé(ãã©ã³ã¹èªç)ãèµ·ãããèæ¯ã«ã¯éžæãžã®äžä¿¡æãã3æ21æ¥ã«ã¿ãŠã¢å·ãã£ãªã¢(ãã©ã³ã¹èªç)ã§çºçããã€ã¹ã©ã ç³»éæ¿æŽŸçµç¹ISILã«ããèæ®ºäºä»¶(ãã©ã³ã¹èªç)ãšãã£ããããžã®äžå®ãæããããã
2021幎4æ2æ¥ãããºã 倧統é ã®å°±ä»»åŒãå·ãè¡ããããæ°äž»çãªéžæã§éžåºãããææ°åå£«ã®æ¿æš©äº€ä»£ã¯ããžã§ãŒã«ã®æŽå²äžåããŠãšãªããããºã 倧統é ã¯ç¿æ¥ã«æ°ããªéŠçžãæåããæ°æ¿æš©ãçºè¶³ããã
2023幎7æ26æ¥ã«ããºã 倧統é ã倧統é èŠè·å®ã«ãã身æãææãããã¢ããã¥ã»ã¢ããã©ãã³(è±èªç)倧äœãå
µå£«ãåœå¶ãã¬ãã«ãŠããºã æ¿æš©ã®åŽ©å£ã宣èšãã(2023幎ããžã§ãŒã«ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒ)ããããœãŠãã»ãã¹ãã¥(è±èªç)å€çžã¯èªèº«ã倧統é 代è¡ã§ãããšå®£èšãããå
šãŠã®åœæ°ã«å¯Ÿãããã®åœã«å±éºãåãŒãè»éšãæã¡è² ããããã«ããšèšŽãããããºã 倧統é ãææãã倧統é èŠè·éã¯ãç¥åœé²è¡åœæ°è©è°äŒããšåä¹ã£ãŠãããæ«å®å
éŠã§ããç¥åœé²è¡åœæ°è©è°äŒè°é·ã«ã¢ããã¥ã©ãããã»ãã¢ããéžåºãããã
ããžã§ãŒã«ã¯å
±åå¶ã»å€§çµ±é å¶ããšãç«æ²åœå®¶ã§ãçŸè¡æ²æ³ã¯2010幎11æ25æ¥ã«å
¬åžããããã®ã§ããããã ã2023幎ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒãåŒãèµ·ãããè»äºæ¿æš©ã2023幎7æ28æ¥ã«æ²æ³åæ¢ã宣èšããŠããã
åœå®¶å
éŠã§ãã倧統é ã¯åœæ°ã®çŽæ¥éžæã«ããéžåºãããä»»æã¯5幎ã2010å¹Žæ²æ³ã«ãã3éžã¯çŠæ¢ãããŠããã
éŠçžããã³é£åã¯å€§çµ±é ã«ããä»»åœãããã
ç«æ³åºã¯äžé¢å¶ã§ãæ£åŒåç§°ã¯ãåœæ°è°äŒãã宿°ã¯113è°åžã§ãè°å¡ã¯åœæ°ã®çŽæ¥éžæã«ããéžåºãããã113è°åžã®ãã¡105è°åžã¯æ°æãå°åã«é¢ä¿ãªãæ¿å
åç°¿æ¯äŸä»£è¡šå¶åºŠã«ãããæ®ã8è°åžã¯å°éžæåºå¶ã«ããå°æ°æ°æããéžåºããããè°å¡ã®ä»»æã¯5幎ã§ããã5 %以äžã®æç¥šãåŸãããªãæ¿å
ã«ã¯è°åžã¯é
åãããªãã
ããžã§ãŒã«ã¯è€æ°æ¿å
å¶ã§ããã2011幎以éã®äžå
ã¯å·ŠæŽŸã®ããžã§ãŒã«æ°äž»ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©å
ã§ãããä»ã«éå
ãšããŠäžéå³æŽŸã®ç€ŸäŒçºå±åœæ°éå(MNSD)ãäžéã®æ°äž»ç€ŸäŒäŒè°(CDS)ãªã©ãããã
éžæåŸŽå
µå¶ãå
µåœ¹ã¯2幎ãéžè»5,200人ã空è»100äººãæ²å
µé1,400人ãå
±ååœèŠåé2,500人ãåœå®¶èŠå¯é1,500人ã2020幎ã®åœé²äºç®ã¯2.02åãã«ã
ãã©ã³ã¹ãšã®è»äºåå®ã1977幎ãã2020幎ã«ãããŠ5ã€çµãã§ãããã¢ã«ã«ãŒã€ããISIL(ã€ã¹ã©ã åœ)ãšé¢é£ã®ããå¢åã«å¯Ÿæãããã1000~1500äººèŠæš¡ã®ãã©ã³ã¹è»éšéãé§çããŠããããããã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒãåŒãèµ·ããæ¿æš©ãææ¡ããè»äºæ¿æš©ã2023幎8æ3æ¥ã«å¯Ÿä»è»äºåå®ãç Žæ£ãããå幎9æ24æ¥ããã©ã³ã¹ã®ãšããã¥ãšã«ã»ãã¯ãã³å€§çµ±é ã¯å¹Žå
ã«é§çè»ãæ€éããããšè¡šæããã
ããžã§ãŒã«ã®æ°åã¯åéšã«è¡ãã»ã©ä¹Ÿç¥ããŠãããåéšã»äžéšãäžå¿ã«åœåã®5åã®4ããµãã©ç æŒ ãå ããŠãããåéšã¯å
šåããµãã«å°åž¯ã«å±ããŠãããã¹ãããæ°å (BShãç æŒ æ°åãããµããæ°åãžã®ç§»è¡éš) ã瀺ãããµãã«åéšã¯éæ°Žéã150 mmãã300 mmã»ã©ã§ããã蟲èã¯äžå¯èœã ããããã«è²ã€èãå©çšããŠéç§ãè¡ãããŠããããµãã«äžéšã¯éæ°Žéã300 mmãã600 mmã»ã©ãšãªãã倩氎蟲æ¥ãäž»åãšãªãç§çãè¡ãããŠããããã®æ°å垯ã¯å
šåœåã®10 %ã»ã©ãå ããéŠéœã®ãã¢ã¡ãã¶ã³ããŒã«ãªã©ã®äž»èŠéœåžãç¹åšããããžã§ãŒã«ã®äººå£ã®å€ãããã®å°åã«å±
äœãããåäžããã»ã©éæ°Žéã¯å¢å ããŠãããããã³åœå¢ã«è¿ãåœåã®æåéšã¯å
šåœåã®1 %ã»ã©ã«ãããªããéæ°Žéã600 mmãã750 mmã»ã©ãšãªã£ãŠæã蟲æ¥ã«é©ããŠãããéšå£ã¯åã«è¡ãã»ã©é·ããªããããããã6æã9æãéšå£ã«åœãã倿¹¿ãšãªãã2æã«ã¯ãµãã©ç æŒ ããéåžžã«ä¹Ÿç¥ããå£ç¯é¢šãã«ããã¿ã³ãå¹ã蟌ãããæ°æž©ãäžããããŸãã¯ç 塵ãã²ã©ããªãã
å°åœ¢ã¯åºæ¬çã«åã«åããã»ã©æšé«ãäœããªãããåœåäžå€®ã®ã¢ã€ã«å±±å°ããã³å端ã®ãªãã¢åœå¢ã®å±±å°ãé€ããŠã¯ããããå¹³åŠãªå°åœ¢ã§ãããæé«å°ç¹ã¯ã¢ã€ã«å±±å°ã®ã€ãã¥ã«ã«ã»ã³ã»ã¿ãžã§å±± (å¥ç§°ãã°ã¶ã³å±±ãæšé«2022 m) ã§ãæäœå°ç¹ã¯ããžã§ãŒã«å·ã®æšé«200 mã§ããã
ããžã§ãŒã«ã¯ä¹Ÿç¥å°åž¯ã«äœçœ®ãã幎éãéããŠæµæ°Žãããã®ã¯åœåå西éšãæµããããžã§ãŒã«å·ã®ã¿ã§ããããªããåæ±ç«¯ã¯ãã£ãæ¹ã«é¢ããŠããŠããã®ã»ãã«ãéšå£ã«ãªããšåæã«æ¹æ²Œãå£ç¯æ²³å·ãåºçŸã貎éãªæ°Žè³æºãšãªã£ãŠããã
ããžã§ãŒã«ã¯7ã€ã®å· (région) ãš1ã€ã®éŠéœç¹å¥åº (capital district) ããæ§æãããŠããã
ããžã§ãŒã«ã®æå€§éœåžã¯åœåã®å西éšãããžã§ãŒã«å·æ²¿ãã«äœçœ®ããéŠéœã®ãã¢ã¡ã§ããã人å£ã¯åœåã®åéšã«ååšããŠããããã©ãã£ãã¶ã³ããŒã«ãšãã£ãéœåžãç¹åšãããåœåã®äžéšã»åéšã¯ç æŒ å°åž¯ã§ããããªã¢ã·ã¹éœåžã§å€ãããã®ãµãã©äº€æã®èŠè¡ã§ããã¢ã¬ãã¹ãšããŠã©ã³é±éçºã®æ ç¹ãšããŠæ¥éã«éœåžåããã¢ãŒãªãããé€ãéœåžãããéœåžã¯ååšããªãã
蟲æ¥ãçç£æ¥ã鱿¥ãäž»ç£æ¥ãåœæ°ç·æåŸã¯161åãã«ã(1人åœãã610ãã«ã2022幎)ã§ãäžçæè²§åœã®1ã€ã§ããããåšèŸºã®8ãåœãšãšãã«è¥¿ã¢ããªã«è«žåœäžå€®éè¡ãäžå€®éè¡ãšããŠãããé貚ã¯CFAãã©ã³ã§ããã
第1æ¬¡ç£æ¥äººå£ã¯56.9 %(2005幎)ãå ãããã蟲æ¥ã¯èªçµŠèŸ²æ¥ãäžå¿ã§ãåéšã«éããããééšéã¯å°ãªããçæŒãçºéããŠããããæ°Žæºãä¹ãããããã»ãšãã©ã¯å€©æ°ŽèŸ²æ¥ã§ããããã®ãããééšéã«åéã¯å€§ããå·Šå³ãããããµãã«å°åã¯éšéãäžå®å®ã§ããéæ°Žéã®å¹ŽèŒå·®ãæ¿ããããããã°ãã°æ±éãèµ·ããã
ããžã§ãŒã«ã®ãããªäœç©ã¯éšéã®å€ããµãã«åéšã§ã¯ã¢ãã³ã·ããã也ç¥ãããµãã«äžéšã§ã¯ããŠãžã³ããš(ããŒã«ãã¬ãã)ãæ œå¹ãããã1980幎代以éãç¹ã«ã¢ãã³ã·ã«ãããŠååã®æžå°ãç®ç«ã¡ã1980幎ã®1ãã¯ã¿ãŒã«åœãã479kgããã2001幎ã«ã¯1ãã¯ã¿ãŒã«åœãã255kgãšãã»ãŒåæžããŠãããããã¯äººå£å¢å ã«ããæ§æ¥ã®åå°äŒéãäžå¯èœã«ãªããåå°ãé
·äœ¿ãããããã«ãªã£ãããã§ãããããã«å¯Ÿãç·çç£éã¯å¢å ããŠããããããã¯èäœé¢ç©ã3åè¿ãå¢å ããŠãããããååã®æžå°ãèå°ã®å¢å ã§è£ã£ãŠããããã§ãããããŠãžã³ããšã«ãããŠã¯æ§æ¥ã®åå°äŒéãå¯èœã§ãã£ããããååæžå°ã¯èµ·ãã£ãŠããªããã¢ãã³ã·ã»ããŠãžã³ããšã¯å¹³å¹Žã¯èªçµŠãå¯èœã§ããããæ±éãèµ·ãã£ãå ŽåäŸçµŠãäžè¶³ããããã®ã»ããåéšã®ããžã§ãŒã«å·æµåã«ãããŠç±³ã®æ œå¹ãè¡ãããŠããããšãã«ãã£ã©ããªå·ã«ãããŠéçŽçã«æ œå¹ãããããåœå
éèŠã倧ãã䌞ã³ãŠããããèªçµŠãã§ãããå€ãã茞å
¥ã«é Œãç¶æ³ãšãªã£ãŠããã
茞åºçšäœç©ãšããŠã¯æ€æ°å°æä»£ã«èœè±çã®æ œå¹ã奚å±ããã1960幎代åæã«ã¯ç·èŒžåºé¡ã®80 %ãèœè±çããã³ããŒããããªã€ã«ã«ãã£ãŠå ããããŠãããã1970幎代ã«ã¯ãã§ã«å²åã¯ããªãå°ãããªã£ãŠããããã以éã¯èŒžåºé¡ã¯ããããããªãã®ã«ãšã©ãŸã£ãŠããã蟲äœç©ã®ãªãã§èŒžåºé¡ãå€ãã®ã¯ã¿ããã®ããµãµã²ã§ããããããããç·èŒžåºé¡ã«å ããå²åã¯éåžžã«å°ãªãããµãµã²ã®èŒžåºã®å€§åã¯ãã€ãžã§ãªã¢åãã§ãããã¿ããã®ã®èŒžåºå
ãè¿é£è«žåœãã»ãšãã©ã§ããã
ç§çã¯èŸ²æ¥ããã¯çãã§ããããŠã·ããããžãã€ã®ãã©ã¯ããäž»ã«é£Œè²ããããåéšã®ãã©ã人ã¯ãŠã·ãäž»ã«é£Œè²ããåéšã®ãã¥ã¢ã¬ã°äººã¯ã©ã¯ããã€ã®ãäžå¿ã«é£Œè²ãè¡ã£ãŠããã»ããåå°ã®èŸ²èæ°ãç§çãè¡ã£ãŠãããå®¶ç茞åºã¯èŸ²æ¥èŒžåºããã倧ããããŠã·ã»ãããžã»ã€ã®ãäž»ã«èŒžåºããããå
æ°ŽæŒæ¥ã®èŠæš¡ã¯2005幎ã§å¹ŽéæŒç²é«5äžtååŸã§ããããã®ãã¡ã®çŽ4äž5000 tã90 %è¿ãããã£ãæ¹ã§ã®æŒç²ãå ããŠãããããžã§ãŒã«å·ã3700 tååŸãä»ã®æ°Žåã§ã®æŒç²ã¯ããããªãã®ã«ãšã©ãŸã£ãŠããã
ç¬ç«æã¯äžèšã®ããããªèŸ²ç§æ¥ã«é Œã£ãŠãããã1971幎ã«åéšã®ã¢ãŒãªããã§ãŠã©ã³é±ã®çç£ãéå§ããã以åŸãŠã©ã³ã®èŒžåºãçµæžã®æ±ãšãªã£ãããŠã©ã³ã¯ç¢ºèªã§ããã ãã§äžç第3äœã®åèµéãèªã£ãŠãããããžã§ãŒã«ã®ãŠã©ã³é±å±±ã¯ã¢ãŒãªããé±å±±ãšã¢ã¯ãŒã¿é±å±±ã®2ã€ã®é±å±±ãããªããã¢ãŒãªããé±å±±ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ååååº(ã®ã¡ã«ã¢ã¬ãŽã¡ç€Ÿ)ãšããžã§ãŒã«æ¿åºããã¢ã¯ãŒã¿é±å±±ã¯ããžã§ãŒã«æ¿åºã»ãã©ã³ã¹ååååº(ã®ã¡ã«ã¢ã¬ãŽã¡ç€Ÿ)ã»æ¥æ¬ã®æµ·å€ãŠã©ã³è³æºéçºç€Ÿã»ã¹ãã€ã³ã®è³æ¬ãããããåºè³ããŠããã
ãŠã©ã³é¢é£ç£æ¥ã¯å
šéçšã®çŽ20 %ãå ããã2014幎ã«ã¯ãŠã©ã³ãç·èŒžåºé¡ã®45.6 %ãå ããããžã§ãŒã«æå€§ã®èŒžåºåãšãªã£ãŠããããããŸãã«ãŠã©ã³ã®çµæžã«å ããå²åãé«ãããããŠã©ã³ã®åžå ŽäŸ¡æ Œã®äžäžããã®ãŸãŸçµæžã«çŽæããæ§é ãšãªã£ãŠãããçµæžæé·çã¯ãŠã©ã³äŸ¡æ Œã®åéã«å·Šå³ãããŠããã
äžæ¹ãæ±éšã§ã¯æ²¹ç°ãçºèŠããã2014幎ã«ã¯ç³æ²¹è£œåãç·èŒžåºé¡ã®25.9 %ãå ããŠç¬¬2äœã®èŒžåºåãšãªã£ãããŸããã«ãããã¡ãœã®åœå¢ã«è¿ããªãã¿ã³å°æ¹ã«ãããŠã¯éãç£åºãããããã茞åºãããã
ããžã§ãŒã«ã¯ã1997å¹Žã®æ±éã§åœæ°ã®4åã®1ã飢é€ã®å±æ©ã«é¥ã£ããããã«ãŠã©ã³äŸ¡æ Œã®äœäžã床éãªãæ¿æ
äžå®ã«ããæµ·å€æŽå©ã®éçµ¶ã«ããã1999幎æ«ã«ã¯åœå®¶çµæžãäºå®äžã®ç Žç£ç¶æ
ã«é¥ã£ãããããã2000幎12æã«åœéé貚åºé (IMF) ãªã©ã¯è²§å°åæžå¯ŸçãšããŠããžã§ãŒã«æ¿åºãèè² ã8å9,000äžãã«ã®åµåå
é€ãçºè¡šãã7,600äžãã«ã®èè³ã決å®ãããªã©æããå
ããèŠããŠããŠããã
ããžã§ãŒã«ã®äº€éã®äž»åã¯é路亀éã§ããããããã»ã©æŽåãé²ãã§ããããã§ã¯ãªããæãéèŠãªéè·¯ã¯éŠéœã®ãã¢ã¡ããåœåã®å端ã¬ã€ãžåããéè·¯ã§ãããããããã³ã«å
¥ãããã³äžéšã®ãã©ã¯ãŒããééã§ã³ãããŒæž¯ãžãšåããã®ãããžã§ãŒã«ã®äž»ãªèŒžåºã«ãŒãã§ããããŸãããªåœå¢ã®ãããã¢ã¡ããããœããã©ãã£ãã¶ã³ããŒã«ããã£ãã¡ãšãã£ãäž»èŠéœåžãéã£ãŠãã£ãæ¹æ²¿å²žã®ã³ã®ã°ããŸã§ãããžã§ãŒã«ã®äººå£çš å¯å°åž¯ãçµã¶å
šç·èè£
ã®å¹¹ç·éè·¯ãèµ°ã£ãŠããããã®ã»ããã¶ã³ããŒã«ããã¢ã¬ãã¹ã»ã¢ãŒãªãããéã£ãŠã¢ã«ãžã§ãªã¢åœå¢ã®ã¢ããµããã«ãžãšåãããµãã©çžŠæéè·¯ãååšããããèè£
ã¯ã¶ã³ããŒã«ããã¢ãŒãªããéã®ã¿ã«ãšã©ãŸã£ãŠãããããžã§ãŒã«å·ã«ã¯ããã¢ã¡åžã®ã±ããã£æ©ãã¬ã€åžã®æ©ãªã©ãæ°æ¬ã®æ©ãæ¶ããããŠããã
ããžã§ãŒã«ã«ã¯ããã¢ã¡ã®ãã£ãªãªã»ã¢ããåœé空枯ãã¯ãããšããŠããã€ãã®ç©ºæž¯ãååšããããåœé䟿ããã¢ã¡ã«çºçããã®ã¿ã§1980幎代以éåœå
ç·ã¯ããããªãã£ãŒã¿ãŒäŸ¿ãé€ãã»ãšãã©éè¡ããŠããªãããã®ãããåœå
茞éã«ãããŠèªç©ºèŒžéã¯ã»ãšãã©æå³ãæã£ãŠããªãã
ããžã§ãŒã«åœå
ã«ééã¯ååšããªããæ€æ°å°æä»£ã«ã¯ã³ãŒããžãã¯ãŒã«ã®ã¢ããžã£ã³ãããªãŒããã«ã¿ã®éŠéœã¯ã¬ãã¥ã°ãŒãéã£ãŠãã¢ã¡ãŸã§ã®ééãèšç»ãããŠãããã®ã®ã1954幎ã«ã¯ã¬ãã¥ã°ãŒã«å°éãããšããã§å·¥äºã¯äžæãããããŠç¬ç«ãšãšãã«èšç»ã¯ç«ã¡æ¶ããšãªã£ãŠã¢ããžã£ã³ã»ããžã§ãŒã«ééã®åã«ãã®çè·¡ãæ®ãã®ã¿ãšãªã£ãŠãããããã«ä»£ãã£ãŠããªã¡ãŒ(çŸããã³)çµç±ã®ééèšç»ãæµ®äžãã1959幎ã«ã¯ããã³ã»ããžã§ãŒã«éé茞éå
±åäœãèšç«ãããŠããªã¡ãŒåœå
ã®ééã«ããžã§ãŒã«ãåç»ããããšãšãªã£ãã1970幎代ã«ã¯ãã©ã¯ãŒãããã¢ã¡ãžã®ééå»¶äŒžãæ±ºå®ãããããè³éäžè¶³ã§å·¥äºã¯äžæ¢ãããã
2016幎ã®äººå£ã¯2067äž2987人ãåœé£ã«ããçµ±èšã§ã¯2015幎ã2020幎ã®äººå£å¢å çã¯3.81ãšäžç3äœãäžçéè¡ã«ãããšãããžã§ãŒã«ã®åºççã¯2016幎ã«ã¯7.2ãšãªãäžçäžãšãªã£ãŠããããšãã人å£ççºãåŒãèµ·ããã2020幎ã«2332äžäººã2050幎ã«6120äžäººã2070幎ã«1å0122äžäººã2100幎ã«ã¯1å2403äžäººã«ãŸã§å¢å ãããšäºæž¬ãããŠããã
ããžã§ãŒã«ã®æå€§æ°æã¯ããŠãµæã§ããã2001幎ã«ã¯äººå£ã®55.4 %ãå ããŠãããããŠãµäººã¯äž»ã«åéšã®ãã€ãžã§ãªã¢åœå¢æ²¿ãã«å±
äœããã¶ã³ããŒã«ããã©ãã£ãªã©ãå±
äœåã®äž»ãªéœåžã§ãããæ¬¡ã®å€§ããªæ°æã°ã«ãŒãã¯å西éšã«å±
äœãããžã§ã«ã(è±èªç)-ãœã³ã¬ã€æã§ããã人å£ã®21 %(2001幎)ãå ããŠããããžã§ã«ãã»ãœã³ã¬ã€ã¯éŠéœãã¢ã¡ã®å€æ°æŽŸæ°æã§ãããããžã§ãŒã«å·æ²¿ããäž»ãªå±
äœåãšããŠãããããã«æ¬¡ãã®ã¯åéšã®ç æŒ å°æ¹ãäžå¿ã«å±
äœããéç§æ°ãã¥ã¢ã¬ã°æã§ãããå
šäººå£ã®9.3 %(2001幎)ãå ããã第4äœã®æ°æã¯ãã©ãæã§ããã人å£ã®8.5 %(2001幎)ãå ããããã©ã人ãéç§æ°ã§ããããåéšã«å€ããã¥ã¢ã¬ã°äººãšã¯ç°ãªããå端ãé€ãå
šåœã«ãŸãã¹ããªãååžããããã®ã»ããåæ±éšã«å€ãã«ããªæ(è±èªç)ããåããåæ±éšã®ãã£ãã¡åžåšèŸºã«å€ããã£ãã¡ã»ã¢ã©ãæ(è±èªç)ããã¥ãŒãã¥ãŒæ(è±èªç)ãã°ã«ãæ(è±èªç)ãªã©ã®æ°æãå±
äœããã
ãã©ã³ã¹èªãå
¬çšèªã§ããããæ¥åžžã«ãããŠã¯ããŠãµèªããžã§ã«ãèªããã©ãèªãªã©ã®åæ°æèªãäž»ã«è©±ãããŠããã
ã€ã¹ã©ã ã90 %ãå ããäžã§ãã¹ã³ã掟ãå
šäººå£ã®85 %ãå ããŠãã(2005幎)ãä»ã«ã¢ãããºã ãããªã¹ãæãã
ããžã§ãŒã«ã®æè²å¶åºŠã¯å°åŠæ ¡6幎ã»äžåŠæ ¡4幎ã»é«æ ¡3幎ã»å€§åŠ3幎ã§ãããå°åŠæ ¡ãšäžåŠæ ¡ã®10幎éã矩åæè²ãšãªã£ãŠããããã ãé£ã³çŽå¶åºŠããã³èœç¬¬å¶åºŠãããããŸããã以å€ã§ãåŠæ ¡æè²ããããããã¢ãŠãããè
ãå€ããããå
¥åŠè
ã«æ¯ã¹åæ¥è
ã¯å°ãªããªã£ãŠãããèåçã¯19.1 %(2015幎)ã«ãããªãã
åœå
ã®å€§åŠã¯ã1971幎ã«èšç«ãããç·å倧åŠã¢ããã¥ã»ã ã ã倧åŠ(æ§ãã¢ã¡å€§åŠ)ãã€ã¹ã©ã 倧åŠã§ãããµã€ã»ã€ã¹ã©ã 倧åŠãååšããã
ååœã¯æ
¢æ§çãªè³æºäžè¶³ãšäººå£ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠå»çæäŸè
ãå°æ°ã§ããçŸç¶ã«èŠããã§ãããä»ãäºæ
ã解決ãžåãã£ãŠããªãã
ã€ã¹ã©ã éæ¿æŽŸçµç¹ã«ããããã»èªæäºä»¶ãå€çºããŠãããå€åœäººã被害ã«éã£ãŠããããšãå ±åãããŠããã
æ¥æ¬ã®å€§åŠã®è¬åž«ã§ãã倧山ææã¯ããžã§ãŒã«ã«ãŠç·åãããžã§ã¯ãã2021/04/28ã«éå§ãããé€ããšäºãããªãããããç æŒ ããŽãã§ç·åããæŽ»åãéå§ããŠãããžã§ã¯ããæåãããã ãã¢ããªã«ã®äººé屿©ã解決ããå®è·µå¹³ååŠã ã¢ãžã¢ã»ã¢ããªã«å°åç ç©¶ç ç©¶ç§ ææ
äž»é£ã«ã¯ãããç±³ããã£ããµãããœã«ã¬ã ãããŠã¢ãã³ã·ãè±ãªã©ãçšããŠããã
æçã«æ§ã
ãªã¹ãã€ã¹ã䜿çšãããããšãç¹åŸŽã§ãããã
ããžã§ãŒã«åœå
ã«ã¯ãæåéºç£ã1ä»¶(ã¢ã¬ãã¹æŽå²å°åº)åã³èªç¶éºç£ã2ä»¶(ã¢ã€ã«ã»ããã¬èªç¶ä¿è·åºãWåœç«å
¬å)ã®3ã€ã®äžçéºç£ãååšãããã¢ã¬ãã¹ã¯ãµãã©äº€æã§æ ãããªã¢ã·ã¹éœåžã§ããããã®å€ãçºäžŠã¿ãäžçéºç£ã«æå®ããããã¢ã€ã«ã»ããã¬èªç¶ä¿è·åºã¯åœåäžå€®éšã®å±±å°åã³ç æŒ å°åž¯ã§ãããWåœç«å
¬åã¯åœåã®å端ã«äœçœ®ããããžã§ãŒã«ããã«ãããã¡ãœãããã³ã«ãŸãããããžã§ãŒã«å·ã®æµåã§èªç¶ãããæ®ãããå€ãã®åç©ãçæ¯ããŠããã
ããžã§ãŒã«åœå
ã§ããä»ã®ã¢ããªã«è«žåœåæ§ã«ãµãã«ãŒãå§åçã«1çªäººæ°ã®ã¹ããŒããšãªã£ãŠããã1966幎ã«ãµãã«ãŒãªãŒã°ã®ããžã§ãŒã«ã»ã¹ãŒããŒãªãŒã°(è±èªç)ãåµèšããããããžã§ãŒã«ãµãã«ãŒåäŒ(è±èªç)ã«ãã£ãŠæ§æããããµãã«ãŒããžã§ãŒã«ä»£è¡šã¯ãFIFAã¯ãŒã«ãã«ããã«ã¯æªåºå Žã§ãããã¢ããªã«ãã€ã·ã§ã³ãºã«ããã«ã¯ã2012幎倧äŒã§ååºå Žãç¶ã2013幎倧äŒã«ãåºå Žãããã®ã®ã䞡倧äŒãšãã°ã«ãŒããªãŒã°æéã«çµãã£ãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB
|
8,133 |
ã«ãŒããã¢
|
ã«ãŒããã¢(çŸ
: România)ã¯ãæ±ãšãŒãããããã«ã«ã³åå³¶æ±éšã«äœçœ®ããå
±åå¶åœå®¶ãéŠéœã¯ãã«ã¬ã¹ããå西ã«ã»ã«ãã¢ãå西ã«ã¯ãã³ã¬ãªãŒãåããŠã¯ã©ã€ããåæ±ãã¢ã«ãããåã«ãã«ã¬ãªã¢ãšåœå¢ãæ¥ããæ±ã¯é»æµ·ã«é¢ããŠããã
åœåã®äžå€®ãã»ãŒéLåã®ããã«ã«ã«ããã£ã¢å±±èãéããå±±èã«å²ãŸããå西éšã®å¹³åã®ãã©ã³ã·ã«ãŽã¡ãã¢ããã«ã¬ãªã¢ã«æ¥ããã¯ã©ãã¢ãã¢ã«ããã«æ¥ããã¢ã«ããŽã£ã¢ã黿µ·ã«é¢ããããããžã£ã®4ã€ã®å°æ¹ã«åãããŠããã
ã«ãŒããã¢ã¯ãå€çš®å€æ§ãªæ°æã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æãããåœå®¶ãã§ãããšãã£ãŠéèšã§ã¯ãªããååœã®äœæ°ã¯ãçŽå
åãããã®å°æ¹ã«äœãã§ãããã©ãã¢ç³»ã®ããã¢äººãšã2äžçŽããã«ãã®å°æ¹ãåŸæããå€ä»£ããŒã人ã7äžçŽãã8äžçŽããã«äŸµå
¥ããã¹ã©ã人ã9äžçŽãã10äžçŽã«äŸµå
¥ããããžã£ãŒã«äººããã®ä»ã«ãã«ã³äººãã²ã«ãã³äººãªã©ã®æ··è¡ãååã«ãã£ãŠãéå±€çãã€è€åçã«åœ¢æãããçãšèšè¿°ãããè€åæ°æ români(ãã ããã«ãŒããã¢äºº)ãçŽ9å²ãå ãã(ãªããromâni(ã«ãŒããã¢äºº)ã®èµ·æºã«ã€ããŠã¯è«žèª¬ãã)ã
ãããŠå°æ°ã®ããžã£ãŒã«ç³»ã®ã»ãŒã±ã€äººããã人(âãžãã·ãŒ)ãªã©ãäœãã§ããã
ãªãã«ãŒããã¢ãšããåœã¯ãèšèªçã«ã¯å
¬çšèªãã©ãã³èªèµ·æºã®(ã€ãŸãããã³ã¹è«žèªã®)ã«ãŒããã¢èªã§ã宿çã«ã¯æ±æ¹æäŒç³»ã®ã«ãŒããã¢æ£æäŒã倿°æŽŸã§ãããããã«å¯ŸããããŒã©ã³ã(ãšãŒãããã®åæ±éšã§ãã«ãŒããã¢ã®å西æ¹åã«äœçœ®ããåœ)ã®ã»ãã¯åããæ±æ¬§ããšèšã£ãŠããèšèªçã«ã¯ã¹ã©ãŽèªæŽŸã«å±ããããŒã©ã³ãèªãäž»ã«è©±ãããŠããã宿çã«ã¯è¥¿æ¹æäŒã®ã«ããªãã¯æäŒãæ¯é
çã§ããã
ã€ãŸããã«ãŒããã¢ãšããŒã©ã³ãã¯ãæ±æ¬§ã«ãããŠãèšèªçã«ã宿çã«ã奜察ç
§ã®ååšãšãªã£ãŠããã
æ£åŒåç§°ã¯ã«ãŒããã¢èªã§ România [romÉšËni.a] ( é³å£°ãã¡ã€ã«)ãåé³ã«ããå¿ å®ã«ã«ã衚èšãããšããã ãã¢ããè¿ãã
åœåã®ç±æ¥(èªæº)ã¯ãã©ãã³èªã§ãããŒã人(ããŒãåžæ°)ã®åå°ããšããæå³ã®è¡šçŸã
ãã³ã¬ãªãŒèªã®è¡šèšã¯ Románia [romaËniÉ](ãããŒãã¢)ã
ãã€ãŠãè±èªã§ã¯ Rumaniaããã€ãèªã§ã¯ RumÀnienããã©ã³ã¹èªã§ã¯ Roumanieãšè¡šèšãããªã©ãçŸå°ã®çºé³ãšã¯äžã€ãã®æ¯é³ããæ¢ã«ããã衚èšãæµéããŠãããè¿å¹Žã§ã¯ãçŸå°ã®è¡šèšã«æ²¿ãæ¹åã§ä¿®æ£ãããåãããããããšãã°è±èªã§ã®å
¬åŒè¡šèšã¯ Romania ãšãªã£ãããè±èªã¯ããã³ã¹è«žèªã«è¡šèšã ãã䌌ããŠãçºé³ã¯ã[roÊËmeɪniÉ] ( é³å£°ãã¡ã€ã«)ã(ãã¥ã¡ã€ãã¢)ãšãªããããŸãåèã«ãªããªãã
æ¥æ¬èªã®è¡šèšã¯ãæã®è±èªåŒã®è¡šèšã«åœ±é¿ãåãããã«ãŒããã¢ããšãªã£ãŠãããæŒ¢å衚èšã¯çŸ
銬尌äº(çŸ
銬尌äº)ãç·éŠ¬å°ŒãçŸ
ãšç¥ããããäžåœèªãåãããçŸ
銬尌äºããšè¡šèšããã
ç¬ç«ããŠããã®æ¥æ¬èªã§ã®æ£åŒåç§°ã¯ã以äžã®ããã«å€é·ããŠããã
çŸåšã§ã¯æ¿äœãæãå
±ååœã¯å«ãŸãªãåœåãæ£åŒåç§°ãšãªã£ãŠããããã«ãŒããã¢å
±ååœããšãã衚èšã¯èª€ãã§ããã
å€ä»£ã«ã¯ã²ã¿ã€äºº(å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢èª: ÎÎÏαι)ãšåŒã°ããæ°æãå±
äœããŠãããçŽå
å513幎ãã€ã¹ããã¹æ²³(å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢èª: ጌÏÏÏοÏãçŸã»ãããŠå·)ã®åã§ã²ã¿ã€äººã®éšæé£åãã察ã¹ãã¿ã€æŠåœ¹äžã®ãã«ã·ã¢çãã¬ã€ãªã¹1äžã«æãã(ããããã¹ãæŽå²ã4å·»93)ã
çŽ600幎åŸãããã€äºº(ã©ãã³èª: Daci)ã¯ãããŒãåžåœãžã®äŸµæ»ã«æã£ãããŒãçåžãã©ã€ãã¹ã«ãã2床ã®é åŸ(101幎 - 106幎)ã«æããããŒãåžåœã®é åãšãªã£ãããã®çåœã®4åã®1ã¯ããŒãé ãšãªããããŒãåžåœã®å±å·ããã¢ãšãªã£ããçŸåšã®åœåããã®æã®ç¶æ
ã§ãããããŒã人ã®åå°(åœ)ããæå³ãããåœæã®æè©ã«ãã©ã€ãã¹ãç»å Žããã®ã¯ãããããçµç·¯ããã§ããã
238幎ãã258幎ã«ãããŠããŽãŒã人ãšã«ã«ãã€äººããã«ã«ã³åå³¶ãŸã§é åŸãããããŒãåžåœã¯ãããŠå·åãŸã§åŸéãã以åã®å±é äžã¢ãšã·ã¢ã®äžéšã«æ°ããå±é ããã¢ãåç·šããã
271幎ããã€ãŠã®ããã¢ã«ãŽãŒã人ã®çåœã建ãŠããã4äžçŽçµãããŸã§ç¶ããã®ã¡ããã³äººã®åžåœã«äœµåããããäžå€®ã¢ãžã¢åºèº«ã®éç§æ°æãå
¥ãæ¿ããã«ãŒããã¢ãæ¯é
ãããã²ãã人ãã¢ãŽã¡ãŒã«ããã©ã³ã·ã«ãŽã¡ãã¢ã8äžçŽãŸã§æ¯é
ããããã®åŸã¯ãã«ã¬ãŒã«äººãã«ãŒããã¢ãé åã«åãããã®æ¯é
ã¯1000幎ãŸã§ç¶ããããã®ããã®å²æã«ã¯ãããã§ãã°äººãã¯ã人ããŠãŒäººãžã®èšåãèŠãããããã®åŸã13äžçŽãã14äžçŽã«ã¯ããµã©ã1äžã«ããã¯ã©ãã¢å
¬åœããã©ãŽã·ã¥ã«ããã¢ã«ããŽã£ã¢å
¬åœã®æç«ãç¶ããã
äžäžã«ã¯ã¯ã©ãã¢ãã¢ã«ããŽã£ã¢ããã©ã³ã·ã«ãŽã¡ãã¢ã®3å
¬åœããã£ããå®å
šãªç¬ç«ã§ã¯ãªãããªã¹ãã³åžåœãããã¹ãã«ã¯å®¶ã®æ¯é
äžã«ãã£ããã¯ã©ãã¢ãšã¢ã«ããŽã£ã¢ã¯15äžçŽãã16äžçŽã«ãããŠãªã¹ãã³åžåœã®å±åœã§ãã£ããã¢ã«ããŽã£ã¢ã¯1812幎æ±éšã®ãããµã©ãã¢ããã·ã¢åžåœã«å²è²ãã(ããªæ¡çŽã«ãã1920幎ã«åå䜵)ãåæ±éšã¯1775幎ããªãŒã¹ããªã¢åžåœé åãšãªããåæ±éšã®ããžã£ã¯ã¯ãªã¹ãã³åžåœé ã§ãã£ãã
ãã©ã³ã·ã«ãŽã¡ãã¢ã¯11äžçŽã«ãã³ã¬ãªãŒçåœã®äžéšãšãªããçäœç¶æ¿ã«ãã1310幎以éã¢ã³ãžã¥ãŒå®¶ãã®ã¡ã«ããã¹ãã«ã¯å®¶é ãšãªã£ããã1526幎ã«ãªã¹ãã³åžåœã®å±åœãšãªã£ã(ãªã¹ãã³åžåœé ãã³ã¬ãªãŒ)ã18äžçŽã«ã¯åã³ããã¹ãã«ã¯å®¶ã®ãã³ã¬ãªãŒçåœé ãšãªããç¬¬äžæ¬¡äžç倧æŠã®çµãã1918幎ãŸã§ãã®ç¶æ
ãç¶ããã
1859幎ã«ã¯ã©ãã¢ãšã¢ã«ããŽã£ã¢ã®å
¬äž»ãçµ±äžããã1861幎ããªã¹ãã³åžåœå®äž»äžã®èªæ²»åœãšããŠé£åå
¬åœãæç«ãã(ã«ãŒããã¢å
¬åœ)ã1877幎ã«ã¯é²åæŠäºã«ä¹ããŠå®å
šãªç¬ç«ãæãããããç¬ç«å®£èšãè¡ã£ãã1878幎ããã«ãªã³äŒè°ã§åœéçã«æ¿èªãããã«ãŒããã¢çåœãæç«ããã
ç¬¬äžæ¬¡äžç倧æŠã§ã¯äžå€®åçåœã«æ»ã蟌ãŸãäžæå±æãããã®ã®ãäžããé£ååœãåå©ããããšãããã©ã³ã·ã«ãŽã¡ãã¢ãªã©ã䜵åããŠé åãåå¢ãã(ãã«ãŒããã¢æŠç·ããããªã¢ãã³æ¡çŽãåç
§)ã倧ã«ãŒããã¢ãå®çŸãããããå
šäººå£ã®4åã®1ãç°æ°æãšããäžå®å®ãªåœå®¶ãšãªã£ãã1918幎ãããµã©ãã¢ãå埩ããããããã¯1940幎ã«åã³ãœããšãé£éŠã«å é ãããæçµçã«å²è²ããããšãšãªã(çŸåšã¯ã¢ã«ããå
±ååœããŠã¯ã©ã€ã)ã
ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠãå§ãŸããšããœé£ã¯ãããµã©ãã¢ãªã©ã«ãŒããã¢ã®äžéšãå é ãããåœæ°ã¯å匷ã®é åå²è²ã«å¯ŸããŠç¡çºç¡çã§ãã£ãåœçã«ãã«2äžãæ¹å€ããéäœããããã«ãŒããã¢ã¯ãã€ãã«ã€ãæ¢è»žåœåŽãšããŠåæŠããããã®åæŠã«ããããœé£ãå é ããå°åãå埩ããããããããã€ãæéã«ããå床ãœé£ã«äŸµæ»ããã1944幎8æã®æ¿å€ã§ç¬è£äœå¶ãæ·ããŠããã€ãªã³ã»ã¢ã³ããã¹ã¯å
垥ã芪ãã€ã掟ã鮿ããŠé£ååœåŽã«ã€ããåœå
ã®ãã€ãè»ã壿»
ãããããšã«ãã§ã³ã¹ãããã¢ãŸã§æŠç·ãæ¡å€§ãã察ãã€ãæŠãç¶ããã
æŠåŸã¯ãããµã©ãã¢ãšãã³ãŽã£ãããœé£ã«å²è²ããããããœé£è»ã®å§åã«ãã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©æ¿æš©ãæš¹ç«ãããçå¶ã廿¢ãã1947幎ã«ã«ãŒããã¢äººæ°å
±ååœãæç«ãã(1965幎ã«ã«ãŒããã¢ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©å
±ååœã«æ¹ç§°)ããããããã³ã©ãšã»ãã£ãŠã·ã§ã¹ã¯ã®ç¬è£æ¿æš©ã®ããšã次第ã«ä»ã®æ±åŽè«žåœãšã¯äžç·ãç»ããèªäž»ç¬ç«è·¯ç·ããå±ãå§ã西åŽãšã®çµã³ã€ãã匷ããã1989幎ããã³ã©ãšã»ãã£ãŠã·ã§ã¹ã¯ã®ç¬è£æ¿æš©ãæåãã(ãã«ãŒããã¢é©åœã)ãæ°äž»åãããã
2007幎1æ1æ¥ã«æ¬§å·é£å(EU)ã«å çãããå çã«éããŠã¯ãæ¹é©ãäžååã§ããããšããŠæ¬§å·çäºäŒã«ãã£ãŠå審æ»ããããããå çåŸãæ¹é©ãç¶è¡ããããšããŠæ¿èªãããã
çŸåšã®æ¿äœã¯å€§çµ±é ãåœå®¶å
éŠãšããå
±åå¶åœå®¶ã§ãããè°äŒããéžåºãããéŠçžãè¡æ¿ãè¡ãè°é¢å
é£å¶ãæ¡çšããŠããã
倧統é ã¯ä»»æã5幎ãšãªã£ãŠãã(2004幎ãŸã§ã¯ä»»æ4幎)ã
ç«æ³æš©ã¯äºé¢å¶ã®è°äŒã«å±ããäžé¢(代è°é¢)ã¯å®æ°330人ãäžé¢(å
èé¢)ã¯å®æ°136人ã§äž¡é¢ãšãä»»æã¯4幎ã
ã«ãŒããã¢ã¯è€æ°æ¿å
å¶ãšãªã£ãŠããåœå®¶ã®äžã€ã§ãããå°æ°æ°ææ¿å
ãååšããŠããã
åžæ³æš©ã¯æé«è£å€æã«å±ããŠããã
2004幎ã«ã¯åå€§è¥¿æŽæ¡çŽæ©æ§(NATO)ã«åå ã2007幎1æã«æ¬§å·é£åã«å çããã2016幎2æãã³ã¡ã«ãµã³ãã¯æ¿åºãé£åœã¢ã«ããã®æ¿æ²»å±æ©ã«ä¹ããŠäž¡åœã®çµ±åãç®æãããã®ããã®åãããã匷ããŠãããšå ±ããã
2012幎ã2017幎ã«ç¶ããŠå€§èŠæš¡ãªã«ãŒããã¢åæ¿åºéå(è±èªç)ãèµ·ããã
ãªããã«ãŒããã¢åœå
ã§ã¯æ§çå®¶ããç宀ããç§°ããŠå
¬ç掻åãç©æ¥µçã«å±éããŠãããæ§çå®¶ã®å®¶ç£ã¯ãã«ãŒããã¢çå å®è·è
ãã®ç§°å·ãšãéäžãã®æ¬ç§°ãèªç§°ããã«ãŒããã¢ç€ŸäŒã§ã¯åºç¯ã«èªããããŠãããçŸåšã®å®¶ç£ã¯ãã«ã¬ã¬ãŒã¿ã»ã¢ã»ãã ããšã€ã2018幎10æ29æ¥ãæ§çå®¶ã軞ãšããåœå®¶çäŸ¡å€æšé²æ©é¢ãåœçããã€1äžãã®åµèšã«é¢ããæ³æ¡ãäžé¢ãééããããã®æ³æ¡ã«ã¯ãç¹æš©ãä»äžããŠãç宀ããå¶åºŠåãããã®ã§ãããšããéæ²è«ãããã
å€§äœ¿ã»æ€ç°æ²»(2020幎12æ)
ã«ãŒããã¢è»ã¯ãåœé²çã®ç£ç£äžã«ããç·åžä»€å®ãçããéžã»ç©ºã»æµ·è»ã®åè»ãããªããæŠæã«ã¯å€§çµ±é ãæé«åžä»€å®ãšããŠææ®ããšããéžè»45,800人ã空è»13,250äººãæµ·è»6,800人ããã®ä»8,800人ã§ãææ°ã¯çŽ15,000人ãè»äººã¯75,000人ã§ããã2007幎ã®åœé²è²»ã¯åœå
ç·çç£(GDP)ã®2.05%ãçŽ29åãã«ã§ã2006幎ãã2011幎ã«ãããŠè¿ä»£åãšæ°èŠè£
åã®ååŸã®ããã«ç·é¡110åãã«ãè²»ããããŠããã
空è»ã¯ãœé£ã®è¿ä»£åæŠéæ©MiG-21ã©ã³ãµãŒãéçšããŠããã空è»ã¯C-27Jã¹ãã«ã¿ã³æŠè¡ç©ºèŒžæ©7æ©ãæ°ãã«è³Œå
¥ããæµ·è»ã¯è±åœæµ·è»ããè¿ä»£åããã22åããªã²ãŒãèŠ2é»ã賌å
¥ããã
2010幎2æ4æ¥ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¯ããŒãªãŒåœå次å®è£(åºå ±æ
åœ)ã¯ãã«ãŒããã¢æ¿åºãå°äžçºå°åè¿æããµã€ã«SM-3(ã€ãŒãžã¹ã»ã¢ã·ã§ã¢)ã®é
åã«åæããããšãæããã«ãããããã¯ããã©ã¯ã»ãªããæ¿æš©ãé²ãããã€ã©ã³ã®åŒŸéããµã€ã«ã®è
åšã«å¯ŸåŠããããã®æ°ããªæ¬§å·ããµã€ã«é²è¡(SD)èšç»ã«åå ããããšã«ãªãããã®ä»¶ã«ãããŠã¢ã¡ãªã«ã¯åèšç»ã®åå åœã忬§ã«åºãã£ãããšãæè¿ããŠããã
ãŸã2009幎10æã«ã¯ãããŒã©ã³ãæ¿åºãæ°MDèšç»ãžåå ããæ¹éãã«ãŒããã¢ã衚æããŠããããšãå ±éãããŠããã
西ã®ã»ã«ãã¢ãåã®ãã«ã¬ãªã¢ãšã®éã«ãããã«ãŒããã¢ã®åœå¢ã¯ãåºæ¬çã«ãããŠå·ãå¢çãšããŠãããã¢ã«ãããšã®åœå¢ç·ã§ãããã«ãå·ããããŠå·ãšåæµããæ±å²žã®é»æµ·ã«æ³šãããããŠå·ã®æ²³å£ã¯äžè§å·(ãããŠã»ãã«ã¿)ãšãªã£ãŠãããçç©ä¿è·åºãšãªã£ãŠããã
ãããã®èªç¶åœå¢ã¯ããããã®å·ã®æµè·¯å€æŽã«ãã£ãŠå€åããããŸãããããŠã»ãã«ã¿ã¯å¹Žã«2 - 5kmãã€é¢ç©ãå¢ãããŠãããããã«ãŒããã¢ã®é åé¢ç©ã¯ããæ°å幎ãå¢å ã®åŸåã«ããã1969幎ã«23äž7,500kmã ã£ãç·é¢ç©ã¯ã2005幎ã«ã¯23äž8,319kmãšãªã£ãŠããã
ã«ãŒããã¢ã®å°åœ¢ã¯34%ãå±±å°ã33%ãäžéµå°ã33%ãå¹³å°ã§ãããåœã®äžå€®ãã«ã«ããã¢å±±èãå ãããã©ã³ã·ã«ãŽã¡ãã¢å¹³åãåãå²ãã§ãããã«ã«ããã¢å±±èã®ãã¡14ã®å±±ã¯2,000ã¡ãŒãã«çŽã§ãããæé«å³°ã®ã¢ã«ããã¢ã山㯠2,544ã¡ãŒãã«ã§ãããã«ã«ããã¢å±±èã¯åã®äžéµå°åž¯ã«ç¶ããããã«ãã©ã¬ã³å¹³é(è±èªçãã«ãŒããã¢èªç)ã«è³ãã
ã«ãŒããã¢ã®å°æ¹è¡æ¿ã¯ã41ã®çãšéŠéœãã«ã¬ã¹ãã«åºåãããŠè¡ãããŠããã
ãŸããååœã®çã¯ãcomunÄ(ã³ã ãŒã)ããããã¯ãmunicipiu(ã ããããŠ)ããªã©ãšåŒã°ããå°èŠæš¡ã®èªæ²»äœã«åãããŠããã
IMFã®çµ±èšã«ãããšãã«ãŒããã¢ã®2013幎ã®åœå
ç·çç£(GDP)ã¯çŽ1,889åãã«ã§ããã2016幎ã®1人ãããã®åç®GDPã¯1äž1,859ãã«ã§ãäžçå¹³åããå°ãé«ãçšåºŠã ãããã«ã«ã³åå³¶ã®æ§ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©åœã§ã¯ã¯ãã¢ãã¢ã«æ¬¡ãã§é«ãã
ã«ãŒããã¢ã¯äŒçµ±çã«èŸ²æ¥åœã§ãããç¬¬äžæ¬¡ç£æ¥äººå£ã人å£ã®42.3%ãå ãã(2001幎)ãäžæ¹ã§ã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©æä»£ã«èšç»çµæžã®ããšå·¥æ¥åãé²ããããçµæã2014幎çŸåšã§ã¯ééŒãã¢ã«ãããŠã ãç¹ç¶ç£æ¥ãšãã£ãæ¥çš®ãäž»èŠç£æ¥ãšãªã£ãŠããããã®ã»ãã17äžçŽããç¶ãã¢ã¬ãæ²¹ç°ãç¥ãããããã«ãã«ãŒããã¢ã¯ç£æ²¹åœã§ãããã仿¥ã§ã¯ãã®èŠæš¡ã¯éãããŠããã
äœæ°ã¯ããã ã(ã«ãŒããã¢äºº)ã89%ãããžã£ã«äºº(ãã³ã¬ãªãŒäºº)ã6%ããã人ã2%ãªã©ã§ããããã®ä»ã«ã¯ã»ã«ãã¢äººããŠã¯ã©ã€ã人ããã€ã人ããã«ã³äººãã¿ã¿ãŒã«äººãã¹ããŽã¡ãã¢äººããã«ã¬ãªã¢äººããã·ã¢äººããŠãã€äººããã¬ã€æãªã©ãå±
äœããŠãããã«ãŒããã¢äººã¯å€ä»£ã®ããã¢äººã𿀿°ããããŒãäººã®æ··è¡ã ãšãããŠããããç°è«ããããããžã£ã«äººã®å€ãã¯ãã³ã¬ãªãŒãšã®é ææš©åé¡ãæ±ãããã©ã³ã·ã«ãŽã¡ãã¢ã®ãªãã§ãç¹ã«ãã£ãã·ã§ã¢ã©ã«å€ãå±
äœããŠãããããžã£ã«äººã¯çŽ160äžäººããã
åœå¢èª¿æ»ã§ã¯ãã人ã®äººå£ã¯çŽ61äž9000人ãšãããŠããããNGOã¯ãããã倧ããäžåãçŽ200äžäººãšè©Šç®ããŠããããã人ã¯ã«ãŒããã¢ã®å
šäººå£ã®çŽ8%ããçŽ10%ãå ããçŽ190äžäººãšãçŽ200äžäººãããšãããããããã人ã¯ããã¹ãŠã®å°æ°æ°æã®ãã¡ã人å£ã®ç®åºããã£ãšãé£ããæ°æã§ãããé·ãã«ããã£ãŠèããããŠãããã人ã«å¯Ÿããåºç¯ãªå·®å¥ã¯ãéçšããã³äœå®
é¢ãªã©ã§äŸç¶æ ¹åŒ·ããã®ããããããžãã·ãŒããšããçå°ãæŒãããã®ãå
ããããšããŠãå€ãã®ãã人ãåœå¢èª¿æ»ã§èªããã«ãŒããã¢äººãšèªå·±ç³åããŠãããäºå®ããã®ãããªãã人ã®å€ãã¯èº«åèšŒææžãææããŠããªãã2002幎ã®åœå¢èª¿æ»ã§ã¯ããã人ãšèªå·±ç³åããè
ã¯53äž5140人ã§ãããã«ãŒããã¢å
šäººå£ã®2.5%ã«éããªãããããããã人ãå€ãäœãæ±åãšãŒãããã®ãªãã§ããã«ãŒããã¢ã«äœããã人ã®äººå£ã¯çŸ€ãæããŠå€ããã«ãŒããã¢ã®ç€ŸäŒåŠè
ã®äœãã®æšèšã§ã¯çŽ100äžäººãšããŠãããäžæ¹ããã€ããªãã£ã»ã©ã€ãã»ã°ã«ãŒã(è±èªç)ã®1995幎ã®å ±åã§ã¯ãçŽ180äžäººããçŽ250äžäººãšè©Šç®ããŠããããã人ã¯ã«ãŒããã¢å
šäººå£ã®8%ãã11%ãå ããŠãããåœå¢èª¿æ»ã§ãã人ã§ãããšèªå·±ç³åããè
ã®ãã¡ãçŽåæ°ãããèªãæ¯èªãšããŠãããšç³åããŠããããã®ããšã¯ãã«ãŒããã¢äººãžã®ååã«æ®µéæ§ããããååãé²è¡ããè
ã®ãªãã«ã¯ããã®æ¯èªã«åŸã£ãŠã«ãŒããã¢äººãšããŠèªå·±ç³åããŠããè
ã倿°ããäºå®ããããããããæ¬§å·è©è°äŒã¯ãçŽ185äžäººã®ãã人ãã«ãŒããã¢ã«äœãã§ãããã«ãŒããã¢å
šäººå£ã®çŽ8.32%ãããäººãšæšèšããŠãããäžçéè¡ã¯ãã«ãŒããã¢ã«ã¯çŽ300äžäººã®ãã人ããããšæšèšããŠããããã«ã¬ã¹ã倧åŠã®Marian Predaã¯ã1998幎ã«ãã人ã«é¢ããç ç©¶ããããªãããã人ã®äººå£ã150äžäººãšå²ãåºãããããã®ãã¡ã®100äžäººã¯ãå
¬åŒã®åœå¢èª¿æ»ã«ãããŠãã人ãšèªå·±ç³åããŠããªãã£ããã€ãŸããã«ãŒããã¢ã®ãã人ã®3åã®2以äžããææãæ¥ãå·®å¥ãªã©ã®çç±ã§åºèªãé ããèªããã«ãŒããã¢äººãšèªå·±ç³åããŠãããã«ãŒããã¢ã®ãã人ã®ãããã3åã®1ã ããèªãããã人ãšèªå·±ç³åããŠãããäžé¢è°å¡ã§ãããããªã³ã»ãŽã©ã€ã¯(è±èªç)ã¯ããã«ãŒããã¢ã ãã§70äžäººãã130äžäººã®å®äœç掻è
ãããä»ã70äžäººçšåºŠã®ç§»åçæŽ»è
ããããçµæãã«ãŒããã¢ã®ãã人ã®äººå£ã¯200äžäººã»ã©ã«ãªãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããåœéé£åéçºèšç»ã¯ããã«ãŒããã¢ã¯ãå°éå®¶ã®æšå®ã§ã¯ãæäœ180äžäººããæå€§250äžäººã®ãšãŒãããã§æå€§ããããŠããããäžçã§ãæå€§ã®ããäººãæ±ããŠããããšå ±åããŠããããã¥ãŒãžãŒã©ã³ãã®ç€ŸäŒéçºç(è±èªç)ã®ã¢ããªã¹ãã§ããChungui Qiaoã¯ãããšãŒãããã®ãã人ã®äººå£ã¯700äžäººãã900äžäººãšæšå®ãããŠããŸããã«ãŒããã¢ã¯ããã人ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿæ°ãæãå€ãã100äžäººãã200äžäººã®ç¯å²ã«ããåœã§ãããšå ±åããŠããã
å
¬çšèªã¯ã«ãŒããã¢èªã§ãããã«ãŒããã¢èªã¯ããã³ã¹è«žèªã®äžã€ã§ãããå€ä»£ããŒãåžåœã§è©±ãããŠããã©ãã³èªã®æ¹èšãå€åãããã®ã§ãã(ãªããæ±æ¬§ã§ã¯ããã³ã¹ç³»èšèªãå
¬çšèªãšããåœå®¶ã¯ã¢ã«ãããšã«ãŒããã¢ã ãã§ãã)ããã®ä»ãããèªããã³ã¬ãªãŒèªããã€ãèªããã©ã³ã¹èªãªã©ã䜿ãããŠããã
2011幎ã®èª¿æ»ã«ããã°ãããªã¹ãææ£æäŒã®äžæŽŸã«ãŒããã¢æ£æäŒã81%ããããã¹ã¿ã³ãã6.2%ãã«ããªãã¯ã5.1%ããã®ä»(ãã®ä»ã®ããªã¹ãæãã€ã¹ã©ã æ(è±èªç)ããšããã®èšŒäººããŠãã€æ)ã1.2%ãç¡å®æã0.2%ãç¡å¹ããŒã¿ã6.2%ã§ããã
2015幎ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠã¿ããšãã«ãŒããã¢ã§ã¯12äž5,000çµè¶
ã®å©å§»ãç»é²ããã(ã«ãŒããã¢åœæ¿åºã®çµ±èšå±ã«ããããŒã¿)ããã®ãã¡18.2%ã¯25 - 29æ³ã®(ã®å¹Žéœ¢åž¯ã«çµ±èšå±ã«ãã£ãŠåé¡ããã)ç·å¥³ã§ããã14.3%ã¯20 - 24æ³ã®ç·å¥³ã§ããã2015幎ã®çµ±èšã§ã¯ãå©å§»æã®å¥³æ§ã®å¹³å幎霢ã¯29.1æ³ã§ãç·æ§ã®å¹³å幎霢ã¯32.5æ³ã§ãã£ã(å¹³å幎霢ã¯ããã®å¹Žãåå¹Žãšæ¯ã¹ãŠããäžæãã)ã
é¢å©æ°ã¯2015幎ã«ã¯3äž1,527ä»¶ã§ããããã®å¹Žã¯å幎æ¯ã§15.9%å¢å ããã
ã«ãŒããã¢æ¿åºã¯ãã«ãŒããã¢åœæ°ãããããã«äœãå°åã®åžåœ¹æã§è¡ãçµå©åŒã®ã¿ãæ³çã«èªç¥ããŠããããããã£ãŠãå€ãã®ã«ããã«ãåžåœ¹æã§ã®çµå©åŒãçµããããšã«æ¹ããŠå®æçãªçµå©åŒãè¡ãããšãéžã¶ã
ãªãå©å§»ã®éã«ã¯ãèªå·±ã®å§ãçšãç¶ãã(倫婊å¥å§)ãçžæã®å§ãçšãã(倫婊åå§)ãçžæã®å§ãä»å ãããã®ãããããéžæã§ããã
2019幎æç¹ã§ãã«ãŒããã¢ã§ã¯åæ§å©ãæ°ãã«ããããšã¯æ³çã«ã¯èªããããŠããªã(ãã ããæ¬§å·é£åã«ãããŠãã§ã«åæ§å©ãããã«ããã«ãã«ãŒããã¢ã§æ®ããå Žåã¯ãå©å§»é¢ä¿ã«ãããšæ³çã«èªç¥ããããen:Recognition of same-sex unions in Romaniaãåç
§)ã
ã«ãŒããã¢ã¯ãæŠããŠèšãã°ãLGBTãªã©ã«é¢ããŠã¯ãä¿å®çãã§ãããLGBTãªã©ã®äººã
ã¯ã«ãŒããã¢ã§ã¯ç€ŸäŒçãªéå£ã«çŽé¢ããããšã«ãªãããã ãã2000幎以éã«ããªãã®å€åãèŠããããã®20幎ã»ã©ã®éã«ããã¢ãã©ãã¢ãããã«é¢é£ãããã€ãã¯ã©ã€ã ãçŠæ¢ããæ³åŸãæç«ããŠããŠãã(en:LGBT rights in Romaniaãåç
§å¯)ã
7æ³ãã14æ³ãŸã§ã®8幎éã®åçæè²ãšåæäžçæè²ã矩åæè²ã§ãããç¡åãšãªã£ãŠããã
äž»ãªé«çæè²æ©é¢ãšããŠã¯ããã«ã¬ã¹ã倧åŠ(1864幎åµèš)ãªã©ãæããããã
ã«ãŒããã¢ã®æ»äº¡çã¯ãšãŒãããã§5çªç®ã«é«ãã人å£10äžäººããã691人ã§ãããä»ã®EUå çåœã«æ¯ã¹ãŠå€çèŠå ããã³ææçãå¯çè«çã«ããæ»äº¡è
ãå€ãèŠããã(4ã5%)ã
2004幎ã®ã«ãŒããã¢ã§ã®äž»ãªæ»å ã¯å¿è¡ç®¡çŸæ£(62%)ã§ãããæ¬¡ãã§æªæ§è
«ç(17%)ãæ¶ååšçŸæ£(6%)ãäºæ
ãè² å·ããã³äžæ¯(5%)ãåŒåžåšçŸæ£(5%)ãšç¶ãã
ç·äººå£ã®5åã®1ãäŒæç
ãŸãã¯æ
¢æ§çŸæ£ã«èŠããã§ãããšæšå®ãããŠããã2015幎ã®äŒæç
ã«ããæ»äº¡çã¯ãšãŒãããã§4çªç®ã«é«ãã£ã ã
çŸåšã«ãŒããã¢ã¯æ·±å»ãªéç¬ã®åé¡ã«çŽé¢ããŠãããå
šåœã§æšå®200äžå¹ãéæŸãã«ãªã£ãŠããã2005幎ã«ãããŠååœå
ã§2äžäººä»¥äžãç¬ã«è¥²ããã被害ãåããŠããã
ãã®çº åœå±ã¯é§é€ã«ä¹ãåºãããšããŠããããåç©ä¿è·å£äœã®æ¿ããå察ã«ãã察çã¯é²ãã§ããªãã
2006幎1æ7æ¥ãåç©æè·æŽ»åå®¶ã§ããããã©ã³ã¹ã®å¥³åªã®ããªãžããã»ãã«ããŒã声æãåºããŠé§é€èšç»ã«æè°ãã«ãŒããã¢åœå±ãéé£ãããå幎1æ29æ¥ãæ¥æ¬äººç·æ§ããã«ã¬ã¹ãã§éç¬ã«åãŸããŠå€±è¡æ»ããäºä»¶ãèµ·ããã
ã«ãŒããã¢ã®æ²»å®ã¯ããã°ããŒãã«ã»ãã¡ã€ãã³ã¹(è±èªç)ããçºè¡šãããæãæ²»å®ã®è¯ãåœã©ã³ãã³ã°2022ãã«ãããš31äœãšãªã£ãŠããã
ã ããéŠéœã®ãã«ã¬ã¹ãã«å±éºå°åã«æå®ãããŠããåºåãååšããããšãéœåžéçºããåãæ®ãããè²§å°å±€ã«ããç¯çœªãå€çºããŠããç¶æ
ãç¶ããŠãããçŸå°ã蚪ããéã¯å
åãªæ³šæãæ±ããããã
ã«ãŒããã¢ã®èŠå¯ã®çºè¡šã«ããã°ãç¯çœªçºçæ°ã¯2012幎~2018幎ã«ã¯ããŒã¯æããçŽ28%æžå°ããŠãããã®ã®ã¹ãªãã²ã£ãããã眮ãåŒããè»äžçããèªåè»çé£çã®è·¯äžç¯çœªãåŸãçµ¶ããªãç¶æ³ãç¶ããŠããã
ã«ãŒããã¢ã®èŠå¯ã¯ãåé¡ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãã41ã®é¡èŠå¯æ€æ»å±ãšéŠéœã«èšçœ®ããããã«ã¬ã¹ãèŠå¯ç·å±(ã«ãŒããã¢èªç)(DGPMB)ãªãã³ã«ãã«ã¬ã¹ãå°æ¹èŠå¯(ã«ãŒããã¢èªç)ã«åãããŠããã
2015幎æç¹ã§ã®æ°äž»äž»çŸ©ææ°ã§ã¯ã167ã¶åœäž59äœã«ã©ã³ã¯ãããŠããããæ¬ é¥ã®ããæ°äž»äž»çŸ©åœå®¶ããšç§°ãããŠããã
æåãªåžè¡é¬Œãã©ãã¥ã©äŒ¯çµã¯ã15äžçŽã®ã¯ã©ãã¢å
¬ã§ãã£ããŽã©ãã»ãã§ãã·ã¥ãã¢ãã«ã«ãªã£ããšãããŠããã
ãŠã£ããã¯ã©ãã(é女æå)ãæ°äžçŽã®æŽå²ãæã¡ãçŸåšããé女ããããŸããªãåž«ããå ãåž«ããšããŠçèšãç«ãŠã人ã
ãå€ãååšããããé女ããšããŠãéãåŸãŠããè
ãããã(ä»ã®èªå¶æ¥è
ãšåæ§ã«)城çšããããã«2011幎1æ1æ¥ã«åŽåæ³ãæ¹æ£ããããé女ããè·æ¥ãšããŠèªããããããšãšãªã£ãããã以éãé女ãã¡ã¯åœ¹æã§å¶æ¥èš±å¯ãåŸãŠãé女ããšããŠç»é²ããå¿
èŠãããã»ããå ããå€ãããšçœ°éãç§ããããã鮿ããããããŠããŸãããã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ããããšããã
ã«ãŒããã¢æçã¯ãä»ã®ãã«ã«ã³è«žåœã®æçãšæ¯ã¹ããã«ã³æçã®åœ±é¿ãå°ããã
19äžçŽã«æŽ»èºãã詩人ãšããŠãããã€ã»ãšããã¹ã¯ãç¹çãããã
å°åããšã«æ§ã
ãªäŒçµ±é³æ¥œã®åœ¢åŒãååšããããŸãããã(ãžãã·ãŒ)ã®é³æ¥œãçãã§ããã
ã«ãŒããã¢ã«ãããæ ç»ã®æŽå²ã¯1900幎以åããå§ãŸã£ãŠãããæåã®æ ç»æ®åœ±ã¯1896幎5æ27æ¥ã«è¡ãããŠãããã ããæŽ»åãå§ãŸã£ãã®ã¯1895幎12æ28æ¥ã«ãªã¥ããšãŒã«å
åŒãããªã«ãŠæåã«éå¬ããæ ç»å±ãã5ã¶æãçµéããŠããªãææã§ãã£ãäºããããšãŒãããååœã«ãããŠã®æ ç»ã®æŽå²ãšããŠã¯æ¯èŒçæµ
ããã®ã«åããããã
ã«ãŒããã¢åœå
ã«ã¯ããŠãã¹ã³ã®äžçéºç£ãªã¹ãã«ç»é²ãããæåéºç£ã6ä»¶ãèªç¶éºç£ã1ä»¶ååšããã
ãã®ä»ãäŒçµ±çç¥æ¥ãšããŠ3æ1æ¥ã® äžæç¥(ã«ãŒããã¢èªçãè±èªçããã·ã¢èªç) (MÄrÅ£iÅorul) ããããããã¯ãã¬ã³ã¿ã€ã³ããŒã«äŒŒãç¥æ¥ã§ãããè±ã®ã»ãã«ããã³ãã³ãã»ãããããããŒããªã©ãç·æ§ãã女æ§ã«èŽããçŽ
çœã®çްã糞ãçžã£ãŠäœã£ãå°ããªãªãã³ãããã¬ãŒã³ãã«çµã³ã€ããã®ãæ
£ãããšãªã£ãŠããã
ã«ãŒããã¢ã§ãä»ã®ãšãŒããã諞åœåæ§ã«ããµãã«ãŒãå§åçã«1çªäººæ°ã®ã¹ããŒããšãªã£ãŠãããåœå
ãªãŒã°ã®æŽå²ã¯éåžžã«å€ããä»ãã110幎以äžåã®1909幎ã«ãªãŒã¬1ãåµèšãããŠãããã«ãŒããã¢ãµãã«ãŒé£ç(FRF)ã«ãã£ãŠæ§æããããµãã«ãŒã«ãŒããã¢ä»£è¡šã¯ããããŸã§FIFAã¯ãŒã«ãã«ããã«ã¯7床åºå ŽããŠããã1994幎倧äŒã§ã¯ãã¹ã8ã®æçžŸãåãããUEFA欧å·éžææš©ã«ã¯5床åºå ŽããŠããã2000幎倧äŒã§ã¯ãã¹ã8ã«é²åºãããèåãªéžæã«ã¯ãã²ãªã«ã²ã»ããžãã¢ããªã¢ã³ã»ã ãã¥ãã¯ãªã¹ãã£ã¢ã³ã»ããŽãªã©ãååšããŠããã
女åäœæç«¶æã«ãããŠã¯äžç屿ã®åŒ·è±ªåœã§ãããããã£ã¢ã»ã³ããããã·ã¢ãã»ã¢ãããŒã«ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãŒã¢ã»ã©ãã¥ã«ã³ãªã©ã®ãªãªã³ããã¯éã¡ããªã¹ãã倿°èŒ©åºããŠãããäžã§ãã³ãããã¯1976幎ã®ã¢ã³ããªãªãŒã«å€§äŒã§å®ç§ãªæŒæãèŠããäºèŒªã®äœæç«¶æå²äžåãšãªãã10ç¹æºç¹ããç²åŸãäžçäžã®äººã
ãé
äºããããã®å®¹å§¿ããã¬ãŒãããŒã¯ã®çœãã¬ãªã¿ãŒããããã³ãããã¯ãçœãåŠç²Ÿãã®æç§°ã§åŒã°ããŠããã
ã«ãŒããã¢ã¯ãã³ãããŒã«ã§ã¯ãäžçéžææš©ã«ãããŠ4床ã®åªåãæãããŠããã2015幎ã«ãã©ã³ã¹ä»£è¡šã«æããããŸã§ã¯æå€åªååœã§ãã£ãããŸããã©ã°ããŒä»£è¡šã¯ã¯ãŒã«ãã«ããã®ç¬¬1å倧äŒãã8åé£ç¶åºå Žäžã§ããããªããäŒçµ±çãªç«¶æãšããŠã¯ã¬ã¹ãªã³ã°åœ¢åŒã®ã¹ããŒãã§ãããã¬ã³ã¿ãéå¬ãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2
|
8,134 |
ã¹ã¿ãã
|
ã¹ã¿ãã(è±èª: staff)ã¯ãçµç¹åœ¢æ
ã®äžçš®ã 衚ã«åºãä»äº(èè¡ãªã©)ããè£ã§æ¯ããæ§ã
ãªéšéãæ
åœããŠããé¢ä¿è
(è£æ¹)ãããã³ããã®ããŒã ãæããŠèšãè±èªã§ãããè±èªã«ç±æ¥ããäžççå
±éåèªã§ããã ååéã§ãã®åœ¹å²ã¯ç°ãªã£ãŠããããã®åéã«é©ããæèœãæã€å°éã®äººãããã
æ ç»ãæŒåã忥çšã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã²ãŒã ãªã©ã®äœåã¥ããã«é¢ããã¹ã¿ããã¯ãåºæŒè
以å€ã®å¶äœã«æºãã£ãé¢ä¿è
å
šå¡ (ã«ã¡ã©ãã³ãç
§ææ
åœãã¡ã€ã¯æ
åœãªã©) ãæããæ ç»ã«ãããäž»äœã¯åºæŒè
ãšèããããããã®ãããç£ç£ããããã¥ãŒãµãŒãªã©ãè£æ¹ã§ãããã¹ã¿ããã«å«ãŸããããŸãããã®ã¹ã¿ããã®æ°åããã»ãšãã©ã®äœåã«ãããŠã¯ã¬ãžããã¿ã€ãã«(ã¹ã¿ããããŒã«)ãšããŠè¡šãããã å人å¶äœã®YouTubeåç»çã§ã¯åºæŒè
ãšèããããªãã
ãªããäŒæ¥ã®å£²äžã»å¶æ¥åçã«ã¯çŽæ¥é¢äžããªããã®ã®ãäŒèšãæ³åãªã©ã®å°éçèŠå°ããæ¥åéšéã«å©èšãã圹å²ãæãããçµå¶åŠã»çµç¹è«ã§èšããããã¹ã¿ãããã«ã€ããŠã¯å¥é
ãã©ã€ã³ã¢ã³ãã¹ã¿ããããåç
§ã®ããšã
æ¥æ¬èªã«ãããŠã¯ã倿¥èªã§èãããè¯ããããå°å£²åºã飲é£åºã§æ¥å®¢ã«ãããåŽåè
ãã¹ã¿ãããã¹ãã¢ã¹ã¿ããã"ããŒã«ã¹ã¿ãã"ãšãããã補é çŸå Žã§åçŽäœæ¥ã«åŸäºããåŽåè
ãããããå·¥å¡ããã¡ã¯ããªãŒã¹ã¿ãããšåŒã³å€ããããšãããã
æ¹æ£ç·å¥³éçšæ©äŒåçæ³ã®æœè¡ã§ãæ§å¥ã衚ãè·çš®å (å¶æ¥ãã³ãªã©)ã®æ±äººåéãã§ããªããªã£ããããå¶æ¥ã¹ã¿ããã«èšãæããããããšãå€ãã
äžè¬äŒæ¥ã«ãããŠã¯å€éšæ¡çšã®æŽŸé£åŸæ¥å¡ãã¹ã¿ãããšåŒã³ãèªç€Ÿæ¡çšã®ã¢ã«ãã€ãåŸæ¥å¡ããã€ããšåŒãã§åºå¥ããå ŽåãèŠåãããããæ¬æ¥ãè±èªã® staff (cf.staff ) ã¯äŒæ¥ã®è¢«çšè
ãã¹ãŠã®éåãæãããæ£èŠåŸæ¥å¡ã®ç€Ÿå¡ã鿣èŠåŸæ¥å¡ã®æŽŸé£åŸæ¥å¡ãæãŸããŠãã¹ã¿ããããããšåŒã¶å Žåãããã
æ¥æ¬äŒæ¥ã®æµ·å€çŸå°æ³äººã§ã¯ãã¯ã€ãã«ã©ãŒç³»ã®åŸæ¥å¡ãã¹ã¿ããããã«ãŒã«ã©ãŒç³»ã®åŸæ¥å¡ãã¯ãŒã«ãŒãšåŒã³åããæ
£è¡ãããã
詳现ã¯ã挫ç»ããªã©å¥é
ãåç
§ã
詳现ã¯å¥é
ãã¢ãã¡#é¢é£é
ç®ããåç
§ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%83%E3%83%95
|
8,135 |
æ ç»çšèª
|
æ ç»çšèª(ãããããã)ã¯ãæ ç»ã®çšèªã®äžèЧã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E
|
8,136 |
ãè¡
|
ãè¡(ãããã)ãšã¯ãæ¥æ¬èªã®äºåé³å³ã®2çªç®ã®è¡ã§ãããä»®åããããããããããããããããå«ãŸãããã©ã®ä»®åãåé³ãšæ¯é³ãããªãé³ç¯ãŸãã¯ã¢ãŒã©ã衚ãã
æž
é³ãè¡ã®é åé³ã®é³çŽ ã¯ /k/ ã§ãããé³å£°åŠçã«ã¯ããè¡åé³ã®é åé³ã¯ç¡å£°è»å£èç Žè£é³ [k] ã§ãèã®åŸéšãå£èã®å¥¥ã®éšå(è»å£è)ã«æŒãããŠäžæŠééããäžã§ç Žè£ãããããšã§çºããç¡å£°åé³ã§ãããäœããããã®é åé³ã¯ç¡¬å£èåããããã調é³ç¹ãä»ã®ãè¡é³ããåæ¹æšç§»ããŠåŸéšç¡¬å£èã«ãªãã
ããŒãåã§ã¯æ¥æ¬åŒã»ããã³åŒãšãã« ka ki ku ke ko ãšè¡šèšãããã
ãè¡ã®ä»®åã«æ¿ç¹ãã€ããŠè¡šèšãããæ¿é³ãè¡(ãã»ãã»ãã»ãã»ã)ã®é åé³ã®é³çŽ ã¯ /É¡/ ã§ãããæ¥åžžçã«éŒ»æ¿é³ã䜿ã話è
ã®å Žåã¯ããã®é åé³ã¯æç¯ã®é ã§ã¯æž
é³ã®ãããæå£°åããæå£°è»å£èç Žè£é³ [É¡]ããã以å€ã§ã¯è»å£èéŒ»é³ [Å] ã«ãæ¥åžžçã«æ¿é³ã䜿ããªã話è
ã®å Žåã¯ããã®é åé³ã¯æç¯ã®é ããã³æ¥é³ãããã®åŸã§ã¯æå£°è»å£èç Žè£é³ãæ¥é³ã®åŸãé€ãæç¯äžã»æç¯å°Ÿã§ã¯æå£°è»å£èæ©æŠé³ [É£] ãŸãã¯ããã«è¿ãé³(ééå¯çã®åºŠåãã匱ãæå£°è»å£èç Žè£é³)ã«çºé³ãããããããã®é åé³ã¯ããããã®å Žåãšåæ§ã«ç¡¬å£èåããŠèª¿é³ç¹ãåæ¹æšç§»ããã
ããŒãåã§ã¯æ¥æ¬åŒã»ããã³åŒãšãã« ga gi gu ge go ãšè¡šèšããããæ¥åžžçã«éŒ»æ¿é³ã䜿ãå°åã¯ãå
±éèªã®åºç€ãšãªã£ãæ±äº¬æ¹èšã話ãããå°åãäžå¿ã«æ±æ¥æ¬ãã以åã«åºãã£ãŠãããäžæ¹ã§äžåœãååœä»¥è¥¿ã®å°åã§ã¯ã»ãšãã©éŒ»æ¿é³ã¯äœ¿ãããªãã
ããããããã®åŸã«ä»ã®ããè¡ãã®é³ãé£ç¶ããå Žåãã¢ãŒã©ã«åãããŠä¿é³åããããšãããããåŠæ ¡âããããâãã£ãã([gÀkËoÌË])ããèµ€è¡çâãããã€ãã
ãâãã£ãã£ãã
ã([seÌkËeÌkËjɯ̹Ë])ããäœããç確ããæ¯æ°ããªã©ä¿é³ãšãªãã衚èšã»çºé³ãããå Žåãããããã®å Žåã¯æåã®ãè¡ã®æ¯é³ãç¡å£°åããŠçºé³ãããããšãå€ãããç確âãŠãããâãŠkãk([teÌkjiÌ¥kÀkɯ̥])ãæ¯æ°âã©ããâã©kã([doÌkɯ̥keÌ])ãã
平仮åãçä»®åã®ãè¡ã¯ããããæ¬¡ã®æŒ¢åã«ç±æ¥ããŠããã
å€äœä»®åãšããŠä»¥äžã«ç€ºã挢åã«ç±æ¥ãããã®ãçšããããã
äžèä»®åã§ã¯ããããããããããšãããã®æ¿é³ã«ã¯ç²ä¹äºçš®ã®äœ¿ãåããèŠããããããããæ¬¡ã®äºçŸ€ã«åãããã(äžä»£ç¹æ®ä»®åé£ã)ã
ç¡è²ãç¡å£°é³ãæ©è²ãæå£°é³ãæå£°é³ã®åé³ã¯ãæé ãæ¥é³ã®åŸã§ã¯ç Žè£é³ããã以å€ã§ã¯æ©æŠé³(æ¬åŒ§å
)ãšãªãããã¯ã¡ããã°ã¡ãã¯ãããããã¯ã®ããã°ã®ããšã衚èšãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%8B%E8%A1%8C
|
8,137 |
ã«ãã³ã³
|
ã«ãã³ã³(è±èª: clapperboard)ã¯ãæ ç»ã®æ®åœ±ã«äœ¿ãéå
·ã§ãããé³ã®é³Žãæåæšéšåãšã·ã§ããæ
å ±ãèšèŒããããŒãéšåãããªãããã£ã«ã ã«ããããŒããŒæ®åœ±ã«å¿
èŠãªéå
·ã§ããã
ããªãŠããã®å€å
žçãªã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã§ã¯ãå³å³ã«ããããã«ã
ãèšèŒããã
ãã¹ãŠã®ãã€ã¯ã®æ®åœ±åã«ä»ã®ãã€ã¯ãšåºå¥ã»èå¥ããããã«äžèšã®æ
å ±ãèšèŒããäžã§ãç£ç£ããã¬ãã£?ããšç¢ºèªããã«ã¡ã©ãåãæç€º(ãããŒã«!ãã³ãŒã«)ããããã«ã¡ã©ãåã£ããããããŒã¯ããšæç€ºããã«ãã³ã³ä¿ãèšèŒå
容ãèªã¿äžããã«ã¡ã©ããããæ®åœ±ããã«ãã³ã³ä¿ãæåæšã鳎ãããç£ç£ãæŒæã®éå§ãæç€º(ãã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³!ãã³ãŒã«)ããã
ã«ãã³ã³ä¿ã¯éåžžã¯ã«ã¡ã©ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã®å©æã§ãããæ¥æ¬åŒã®æ ç»æ®åœ±ã®ã¿ããµãŒããããã¯ãã©ãŒã¹ãšãã£ãå©ç£ç£ã®æ«ç«¯ã§ãããæ®åœ±åŸã«ãæåæšãéãªã£ãŠæ ã£ãŠãã1ã³ããšãé²é³ãããæåæšã®é³ãåå³ãšããŠåæãããã®ããæåæšã®ç®çã§ããã
æ¥æ¬ã®å Žåãå©ãæã®ã¿ã§æäœã§ããå°åã§ç°¡åãªãã®ã§ãããããããŠãã¯ãããŒãéšåã倧ãããäž¡æã§æäœãããå·Šå³ã®å°æ¹Ÿã®äŸã§ã¯ãã³ããã¯ãæ¯çµŠãããã®ã«ãã³ã³ã§ã¯ãèšèŒå
容ãç°¡ç¥åãããŠãããã¿ã€ãã«ãããŒã«çªå·ãã·ãŒã³çªå·ãã«ããçªå·ãç£ç£åãæ®åœ±æåž«åãæ®åœ±æ¥ä»ã®ã¿ã
å·Šå³ã®è±åœ(ã¢ã€ã«ã©ã³ã)ã®äŸã§ã¯ãåæ§ã«èšèŒãããé
ç®ãç°¡ç¥åãããŠããããããŒãã®äžå¿éšã«ããžã¿ã«è¡šç€ºãæœãããŠããããã®ããžã¿ã«è¡šç€ºã¯ãã«ã¡ã©ãšé£åããŠããããã®ãã€ã¯ã®ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¿ã€ã ãæ£ç¢ºã«è¡šç€ºãããé»åçã«èšé²ãããããã®å ŽåãåŸæ¥ã®æåæšéšåã«ã¹ã€ãããä»èŸŒãŸããŠãããåã¹ã€ããã§åæã®ããã®ç®çã¯æããããåŸæ¥ã®ããã«é³ã鳎ããããšã圹å²ã§ã¯ãªããªã£ãŠããã
ããžã¿ã«æ åå¶äœãäžè¬åãæŽã«ã¿ãã¬ãã端æ«ã®ç»å Žã§ãã«ãã³ã³ã®ã¢ããªãããŠã³ããŒãããŠäœ¿çšããã±ãŒã¹ããäžççã«å¢ããŠããã
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãé·ã30cmçšåºŠã®è¶çªåŒæåæšã«å°ããªé»æ¿ãŸãã¯ãã¯ã€ãããŒããã€ãããã®ãšããŠç¥ããããããŒãéšåã«èšèŒãããæåã¯ãã·ãŒã³çªå· - ã«ããçªå· - ãã€ã¯çªå·ãã§ããããã·ãŒã³1 - ã«ãã1 - ãã€ã¯1ããªãã°ã1-1-1ããšæžããããåãã€ã¯ãNGã®å Žåã¯å床æ®åœ±ãè¡ããããã®éã«ã¯ããã€ã¯2ããšãªãã®ã§ã1-1-2ããšèšèŒãããã
ã«ãã³ã³ã®ååã¯ãæåæšã鳎ããããšãã®ãã«ããã³!ããšããé³ã«ç±æ¥ãã(å®éã«ã¯âã«ãŒã³âãšããéãé³ããã)ãæ ç»ãªã©ã®ã¡ã€ãã³ã°ããæ®åœ±çŸå Žã顿ã«ããã³ã³ãã«ã¯ããç»å Žããéå
·ã§ãããã
ã»ãã«ãããŒã«ãããšåŒã°ããããšããããããã¯è±èªã®ãClapperboardãã®æ
£çšèªã¿ããæ¥ãŠããã
ç®çã¯2ã€ã1ã€ã¯ç·šéåã®ãã£ã«ã ã§ãæ®åœ±å
容ã®ç¢ºèªã容æã«ããããã§ããã®ããã«ä»å±ã®ããŒãã«ãã·ãŒã³çªå·ãã«ããçªå·ããã€ã¯æ°ãèšå
¥ãããããæ®åœ±ãããšããæ¹æ³ããšããããã«ã¯äœååãçµã®ååãå ããããšãããã
ãã1ã€ã¯æ åãšé³å£°ã®åæãåãããšã§ãããæ ç»çšã®ã«ã¡ã©(ã ãŒããŒã«ã¡ã©)ã¯ãäžè¬ã«æ åã®æ®åœ±ã®ã¿ãè¡ããé³å£°ã®é²é³ã¯è¡ããªã(é³å£°ã®é²é³ãããå Žåã«ã¯ãå¥éããŒãã¬ã³ãŒããŒãªã©ã®é²é³æ©ã§è¡ã)ããã®ãããçŸå Žã®é³ãåæé²é³ããŠããå Žåã«ã¯ãæ åãã£ã«ã ãšé²é³ããŒããç·šéã®éã«äžèŽãããå¿
èŠããããããã§ãæ®åœ±éå§ã®éã«ãã«ãã³ã³ãæ®åœ±ããæåæšãæã€æ åãšé³ãæ®åœ±ãé²é³ããŠããããšã§ãäžèŽãããæããããšãããé³å£°ã®ã¿ã§ãå°ºã倿ã§ãããããã¹ã¿ãŒãæã¯äžåãã«ããæã«ã¯äºåæãããã®ãäžè¬çãè€æ°ã®ãã€ã¯ãè€æ°ã®é²é³æ©ã§çŸå Žé³ãåæé²é³ããå Žåã§ããã«ãã³ã³ã®é³ãå±ããŠããéããäžèŽãããããšãã§ããã
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ããã€ãŠã¯å©ç£ç£å
¥éè
ã®å¿
éåã§ãããæ®åœ±æã®å€§éå
·ã補é ãããã®ã賌å
¥ããããµã¯ã©çãé«çŽãªæšæã䜿çšããæäœãã§ããéç£äžèœã®ãããé«äŸ¡ã§ãããçŸåšã§ãæ±å®æ åçŸè¡ã§ã®çžå Žã¯2äžåã§ãããçŸåšã§ã¯ãå©ç£ç£ã®å€ãããã£ã«ã æ®åœ±ã®çŸå Žããå
¥éããªãå Žåãå¢å ããã«ãã³ã³ãå¿
èŠãšããªãVTRæ®åœ±ããã€ããžã§ã³æ®åœ±ã®çŸå Žåºèº«ã®å©ç£ç£ã¯ããã®éçšã§ã«ãã³ã³ã«è§Šããããšãªããã»ã«ã³ããããŒãã«æé²ããŠããã±ãŒã¹ãå¢ããŠãããã«ãã³ã³æã¡ã«ãŸã€ããæè¡ããéå»ã®éºç©ãšãªãã€ã€ããã®ãçŸç¶ã§ããã
黿¿éšåã«ã¯ãã·ãŒã³çªå·ãã«ããçªå·ããã€ã¯çªå·ãèšãããæ®åœ±ãããããã®ä»ã®ç°¡åãªèª¬æãèšå
¥ãããå Žåãããããã€ã¯çªå·ã¯ãåäžã·ãŒã³ã»åäžã«ãããè€æ°åç¹°ãè¿ããå Žåã®ãã®ã§ãç£ç£ã®OKãåºããŸã§ã«ãŠã³ãã¢ããããŠããããããŠãã¯ãã€ã¯çªå·ã®æã倧ããæ°åã®ã«ãããOKãåºãã«ããã ããå®éã«ã¯ãã以åã®ãã®ããæ¯èŒçè¯ããã®(ããŒãã«ãã)ã䜿ãããããšãããã
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãã«ãã³ã³ãæã«æã¡ãæã䌞ã°ããç¶æ
ã§é³Žããããšãå€ãããŸããã«ãã³ãšé³ŽãããåŸãçããã·ã¥ã§é³ããªã鿣ããããå°é¢ã«ãããã ãã²ãäŒãããããŠã«ã¡ã©ã®ç»è§ãå€ããããšãèŠæ±ãããçãæéã§éé¿ãã§ããããšããã«ãã³ã³ãæã€ãµãŒããããã¯ãã©ãŒã¹ã®å©ç£ç£ã«ãšã£ãŠéèŠãªè·äººèžã§ãããšããããããã¯ãã£ã«ã ãç¡é§ã«ããªããšããå®å©ãšãšãã«ããã®ã·ãŒã³ã«ãããã«ã¡ã©ã®ç»è§ã倿ã§ããããã«ãªãã°äžäººåããšããæå³ããããããªãŠãããªã©ã§ã¯ãã«ã¡ã©ãåãå§ããåŸãã°ããé床ãå®å®ãããŸã§åŸ
ã€ãããã«ãã³ã³ã鳎ãããåŸççãªå¢ãã§éé¿ãããšããããšã¯èŠæ±ãããªãããã®ããããã£ãŠãããªãŠããã§ã«ãã³ã³ãå©ãæ
åœã¯ç¹ã«æ±ºããããŠããããå€ãã¯æ®åœ±éšéã®å©æãè¡ã£ãŠããã
æ®åœ±éå§ã«ã«ãã³ã³ã鳎ãããåãå§ããå Žåã¯ãå°»ã«ã«ãã³ã³ãæ¿ãããããããå°»ããŒã«ãããšèšããã«ãã³ã³ãéããŸã«ããŠæã€ããã±ãã«ããã³ããšãåŒã°ãããçµäºæå»ã決ãŸã£ãŠãã(人ã»ãã®)ããšããæå³ã®èšèã«è»¢çšãããŠããã
çŸåšã®æ ç»æ®åœ±ã§ã¯ãåæé²é³ãã§ããã·ã¹ãã ãåããæ©æãå¢ããŠãããããæ åãšé³å£°ã®åæãåãããã«ãé³ã鳎ããã«ãã³ã³ãã®éèŠæ§ã¯äœãŸãã€ã€ãããç¹ã«ãããªã«ã¡ã©ã§æ®åœ±ããå Žåã«ã¯ãåæé²é³ãåæãªã®ã§ãæ åãšé³å£°ãäžèŽããããšããäœæ¥ãã®ãã®ãäžèŠã§ãããã³ã³ãäœç§ãã®ãããçããŠãããããã£ã«ã æ®åœ±ã®å Žåãé²é³æåž«ã«ãã£ãŠã¯é ã«ã«ãã³ã³ãå
¥ããããèŠæ±ããŠããå Žåãå€ãã
ãŸããã·ãŒã³çªå·ãã«ããçªå·ã®èšé²ã¯ãåæé²é³ã®æç¡ãšã¯é¢ä¿ãªããéèŠã§ããããã®ããããããªæ®åœ±ã®çŸå Žã§ã¯ãã«ãã³ã³ãã®ãã®ã¯äœ¿ãããªããšããŠããã¹ã±ããããã¯ã«ãã§ã«ããã³ãªã©ã§ã·ãŒã³çªå·ã»ã«ããçªå·ã»ãã€ã¯çªå·ãèšãããã®ãæ®åœ±ãããšããããšã¯ä»ã§ãè¡ãããŠãããã«ãã³ã³ãåéãã«ããŠçªå·ãã«ã¡ã©ã«åããææ³ãååšããã
ã»ããã»ãã±ã»ããå
ã®æ®åœ±ã§ã俳åªã®ã»ãã«ã«ãã³ã³ä¿ã®å
¥ãäœå°ã®ãªã究極ã®çãå Žæã§ã¯ã俳åªãæãå©ããããæãµã€ãºã®å°åã®ãã®ã䜿ãã俳åªã«æãå©ãããå Žåãåçš®ãã³ããŒã俳åªã®æã«ã¯æžããªããããé²é³éšãé³å£°ã§èšé²ããã®ã¿ã§å¯Ÿå¿ããã
åŒãã®ã·ã§ããã§ã¯äžå身ãµã€ãºã®å€§åãªã«ãã³ã³ã䜿ãããå Žåããããéåžžã¯ãã«ã¡ã©åã«ã«ãã³ã³ä¿ãç«ã¡ãã«ã¡ã©åã«çŠç¹ãåãããŠããŒã«ããå
¥ããåŒãã®ã·ã§ããã®çŠç¹ã«å床æ»ãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B3
|
8,140 |
ãã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒæ ç»
|
ãã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒæ ç»(ãã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒããã)ãšã¯ãåéºæ ç»ãå
ç«¥æ ç»ã®åæµã§ããã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒãã¢ããŒãã«ããæ ç»ããSFãã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒæ ç»ããšç§°ããããšãããã
å£ãšéæ³ãéæ³äœ¿ããç°äžçãéæ³çç©ãªã©ã®é¡æãããæ±ããããã¢ããŒããšããŠã¯æãšåæ
ã䞻人å
¬ã®äººéçãªæé·ãªã©ã
1950幎代ãã1960幎代ã«ã¯ãã¬ã€ã»ããªãŒããŠãŒã³è£œäœã®ãã·ã³ãããäžåç®ã®èªæµ·ãçããããããã
ãã®åŸã1960幎代åŸåãã1970幎代ã«å
¥ããšãã¹ãã€æ ç»ãSFæ ç»çã«æŒããããã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒæ ç»ã¯é·ãéäžç«ãšãªã£ãŠãããã1982幎ã«ã¢ãŒãã«ãã»ã·ã¥ã¯ã«ãã§ããã¬ãŒäž»æŒã®ãã³ãã³ã»ã¶ã»ã°ã¬ãŒããã倧ããããããšãè¡°éããŠãããœãŒã&ãµã³ãã«ããã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒæ ç»ãã1980幎代ã«ããŒã ãšãªã£ãããã³ãã³ããã³ããŒããç²æªã§å®çŽãªBçŽã»ZçŽæ ç»ã倧éã«äœãããã»ãããããŒã¯ã¯ãªã¹ã¿ã«ã(1982幎)ããããŒãšã³ãã£ã³ã°ã»ã¹ããŒãªãŒã(1984幎)ãã¬ãžã§ã³ã/å
ãšéã®äŒèª¬ããã¬ãã£ããŒã¯ã(ãšãã«1985幎)ãã©ããªã³ã¹/éçã®è¿·å®®ãããã€ã©ã³ã㌠æªéã®æŠå£«ã(ãšãã«1986幎)ããŠã£ããŒã(1988幎)çãšãã£ãã倿°ã®ãã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒæ ç»ãç«ãŠç¶ãã«å
¬éããã幟ã€ãã®äœåã¯é«è©äŸ¡ãåŸããããããCG以åã®åœæã®æè¡åã§ã¯ãã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒ(å£ãšéæ³)ã®è¡šçŸã«éçããã£ãããšããç²æªãªBçŽæ ç»ãå€ãã£ãããšããã1990幎代ã«çªå
¥ãããšé£œãããããã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒæ ç»ã¯åã³è¡°éããããšãšãªã£ãã
2001幎ã«ã¯ãJã»Kã»ããŒãªã³ã°ã®ãã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒå°èª¬ãåäœã®ããããªãŒã»ããã¿ãŒãšè³¢è
ã®ç³ããäžççã«å€§ããããèšé²ãããšããã®ãããªãŒã»ããã¿ãŒã·ãªãŒãºããäžå¿ã«ãå
ç«¥æåŠåäœã®ãã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒæ ç»ãããŒã ãšãªããããã«ãã¢åœç©èªã(2006幎)ããã©ã€ã©ã®åéº é»éã®çŸ
éç€ã(2007幎)çãå
¬éããããããããªãŒã»ããã¿ãŒãçšã®æåã«ã¯è³ããªãã£ãã
2000幎代ã«å
¥ããšã2001幎å
¬éã®ãããªãŒã»ããã¿ãŒãšè³¢è
ã®ç³ããšãå幎å
¬éã®ãããŒãã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»ãªã³ã°ãã倧ãããããããšã§ã1990幎代以éè¡°éããŠãããã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒæ ç»ã®äººæ°ãä¹
ã
ã«åŸ©æŽ»ãã2020幎代ã®çŸåšãŸã§è£œäœããç¶ããŠãããCGã®å€§å¹
ãªçºå±ãšæ®åã§ããã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒè¡šçŸã«å¯ŸããŠã®éçãäºå®äžç¡ããªã£ãããšããããŒã ã®çç±ã®äžã€ã§ãããšãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB
|
8,141 |
æ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥
|
æ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥(ãšããããããããããããããè±èª: Tokyo International Film Festival)ã¯ãæ¯å¹Ž10æã«æ¥æ¬ã®æ±äº¬éœã«ãŠéå¬ãããæ ç»ç¥ãå
¬çè²¡å£æ³äººãŠããžã£ãã³ãäž»å¬ããåœéæ ç»è£œäœè
é£ç(FIAPF)å
¬èªã®åœéæ ç»ç¥ã§ãããã¢ãžã¢æå€§çŽã®æ ç»ç¥ãšãªã£ãŠãããç¥ç§°ã¯ãTIFFã
æ¥æ¬ã§å¯äžã®FIAPFå
¬èªã®ã³ã³ããã£ãã£ãé·ç·šæ ç»ç¥(Competitive Feature Film Festival)ã§ããã
1985幎(æå60幎)ã®ã€ãã°äžåéå¬ãåããéç£ç(çŸã»çµæžç£æ¥ç)ããã®èªãããããæ¥æ¬æ ç»è£œäœè
é£ç(以äžãæ é£)äŒé·ã»å²¡ç°èæ±æ 瀟é·ããç¬å³¶éŸäžãã®å°œåã§åµèšãããã
1985幎ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãæã¯é幎éå¬ã§æžè°·ã®æ ç»é€šãäžå¿ã«éãããŠãããã1991幎第4åã«å²¡ç°æ é£äŒé·ã®æåã§åŸ³é康快ããŒãã©ã«ã»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒ(GP)就任åŸã¯ãæ¯å¹Žéå¬ãããããã«ãªã£ãã1994幎ã¯å¹³å®é·éœ1200åšå¹Žèšå¿µãšããŠã京éœåœéæ ç»ç¥ / 第7åæ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥ - 京éœå€§äŒããšããåç§°ã®ããšäº¬éœåžã§éå¬ãããã
åœé審æ»å§å¡ãæåªç§äœåè³ã§ããâæ±äº¬ã°ã©ã³ããªâãéžåºãããã³ã³ããã£ã·ã§ã³ããäžçã®æ ç»ç¥ã§è©±é¡ã«ãªã£ãäœåãæ¥æ¬å
¬éåã«ãã¬ãã¢äžæ ãããã¬ã©ã»ã»ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ããé·ç·š3äœç®ãŸã§ã®ã¢ãžã¢ã®æ°éç£ç£ã®äœåã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠããã¢ãžã¢ã®æªæ¥ãããŸã æ¥æ¬ã§ã®é
çµŠãæ±ºãŸã£ãŠããªãäžçã®æ³šç®äœåã玹ä»ãããã¯ãŒã«ãã»ãã©ãŒã«ã¹ããæµ·å€ã«ç޹ä»ãããã¹ãæ¥æ¬æ ç»ãšããèŠç¹ã§éžèãããäœåãäžæ ãããNippon Cinema Nowããªã©ã®ã¡ã€ã³äŒç»ãã¯ããæ§ã
ãªäŒç»ãæ¯å¹Žéå¬ãããã2004幎ã«ã¯äžçã®æ ç»çã«è²¢ç®ããæ ç»äººãããããè³ãšããŠã黿Ÿ€æè³ããæ°èšãããã黿Ÿ€æè³ãèšããããã®ã¯2008幎ãŸã§ã2005幎ã«ã¯æ ç»ç¥æé«è³ã®åç§°ããæ±äº¬ã°ã©ã³ããªããããæ±äº¬ ãµã¯ã© ã°ã©ã³ããªã ã«å€æŽããã ãã2014幎ã«ãæ±äº¬ã°ã©ã³ããªãã«æ»ãããã 2014幎ã第27åæ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥ã©ã€ã³ãããçºè¡šäŒã®éã«ãæ¯é¡ãªãææ§ã§åžžã«æä»£ãåãéãç¶ããŠãã人ã®å®çžŸãããããè³ãšããŠããµã ã©ã€âSAMURAIâè³ããæ°èšããã(2017幎ãŸã§)ã2021幎ã«ã¯åæ¥çµéšã®ãªãäœå®¶ã察象ãšããçç·šã³ã³ãã®ãAmazon Prime Videoãã€ã¯ã¯ã³è³ããèšç«ãããã
2015幎ãäžæµ·åœéæ ç»ç¥ãšã®åå飿ºãçºè¡šãããã
ã³ã³ããã£ã·ã§ã³éšéãžã®å¿åäœåã¯2021幎ã«ã¯113ã«åœã»å°åãã1533æ¬ã«äžãããã¢ãžã¢æå€§çŽã®åœéæ ç»ç¥ããžãšæé·ããŠããã
2003幎ãŸã§ã¯æžè°·ã®ã¿ã§éå¬ãããBunkamura(ãªãŒãã£ãŒãããŒã«ãã·ã¢ã¿ãŒã³ã¯ãŒã³ãã«ã»ã·ãã1ã»2)ãæžè°·ã®ä»ã®æ ç»é€šãããŒã«ãäŒå Žãšãªã£ãŠããã 2004幎ãã2008幎ãŸã§ã¯æžè°·ã®Bunkamuraãšå
æ¬æšãã«ãºãäŒå Žãšãªã£ãŠããã 2009幎以éã¯æžè°·ãäŒå Žãšãããå
æ¬æšãã«ãºãã¡ã€ã³äŒå ŽãšããŠæ ç»ç¥ãéå¬ãããŠãã(2009幎ãš2010幎ãš2013幎ã¯å
æ¬æšã®ã¿ã§éå¬ã2011幎ã¯å
æ¬æšã𿥿¯è°·ã2012幎ã¯å
æ¬æšã𿥿¬æ©ã2014幎ã¯å
æ¬æšã»éåº§ã»æ¥æ¬æ©ã»äº¬æ©ã§éå¬ã2015幎ã¯å
æ¬æšã»éåº§ã»æ°å®¿ã§éå¬)ã2016幎ã¯å
æ¬æšã»é座ã§éå¬ããããå
æ¬æšã§ã¯ã·ãããŒãå
æ¬æšãäŒå ŽãšããŠäœ¿ãããŠãã(2008幎 - 2014幎)ã 2018幎ã¯ãå
æ¬æšã¯å
æ¬æšãã«ãºãšEXã·ã¢ã¿ãŒå
æ¬æšã䜿çšããæ±äº¬ãããã¿ãŠã³æ¥æ¯è°· æ¥æ¯è°·ã¹ãããåºå Žã§ãäžæ ãªã©ãå¬ãããã 2021幎ããã¯ã¡ã€ã³äŒå Žãæ¥æ¯è°·ã»ææ¥œçºã»é座å°åºã«å®å
šç§»è»¢ãããªãŒããã³ã°äŒå Žã¯æ±äº¬åœéãã©ãŒã©ã (ããŒã«C)ã§è¡ããæ°è£
éå¬ãšãªã£ãã2022å¹Žã¯æ±äº¬å®å¡åå Žã§OPéå¬äºå®
1982幎ã«éç£ç(çŸã»çµæžç£æ¥ç)ããã岡ç°èæ é£äŒé·ã«1985幎ã®ã€ãã°äžåã«åãããŠåœéæ ç»ç¥ããããªãããšããèŠè«ããã£ãã岡ç°ã«è©±ãæã¡æããã®ã¯å°é·åäžéç£çæ¿çå±é·ãšããããéç£çãšããŠã¯è¡°éã®äžéã蟿ãåœå
æ ç»ç£æ¥ã埩掻ã®å
ããèŠããªããããåœéæ ç»ç¥ãšããåºæ¿ãäžããããšã§æŽ»ãå
¥ããããšãã話ã§ãã€ãã°äžåã«åãããäžé±éçšåºŠã®æéã§æ±äº¬ã§éãæ¡ãæåèŠãããå°ãªããšãäºå¹Žã«äžåã®éå¬ãšãã宿çãªåœéæ ç»ç¥ã«è²ãŠãŠãããšããåºæ¬çãªãã©ã³ãæ é£ã§1982幎7ææ«ã«ãŸãšãããã€ãã°äžåã®ç®çããªããããæ ç»ç¥ã®æ¡ãåºããã®ãšèŠãããããæ¥æ¬æ¿åºããã®æŽå©ã¯1å2000äžåã1983幎1æãã2æã«ãããŠç¬¬äºåããã©åœéæ ç»ç¥ã«å²¡ç°ãå£é·ãšããæ é£å¹¹éšãåå ããåæ ç»ç¥ã®éå¶ã®è©³çްãèãããšããäºç®ãçŽ4ååã§ããã®éé¡ã§ãåå 65ãµåœãçŽ1000人ã®ãã€ã€ãŒã®è²»çšãã®ä»ã¯è³ããªããšåæ ç»ç¥ãå人çãªè¶£å³ã§å§ãããšããããã€ã¡ã«ãã»ãã«ã³ã¹ããèãããæ ç»ç¥ã®èšè
äŒèŠã®åžäžãçŸå°ã¡ãã£ã¢ãããæ¥æ¬ã§åœéæ ç»ç¥ã¯ãããªãã®ãããšãã質åãåºãããã岡ç°ã¯ãéç£çãããã®çš®ã®ãã®ããã£ãŠãããªãããšããèŠè«ã¯æ¥ãŠãããããšãŠãæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ããããæ ç»ç¥ã¯èããããªãããšçãããæ±æŽã®åœãç¹ã«æ¥æ¬ã¯å°ççãªãã³ãããããåœéæ ç»ç¥ãè¡ããšåå åœã®äº€éè²»ãªã©æ¬§ç±³ãšæ¯ã¹ãŠè³éãé«ãã€ãããæåçã«äŸ¡å€ã®ãããã®ã«éãåºããªããšãããåœæã§ãæ ç»æ¥çã«ãéã¯ãªããããæ¿åºæŽå©1å2000äžåçšåºŠã§éå¬ã§ããçããªãã£ããäœçšåŒ·åãªã¹ãã³ãµãŒã§ãèŠã€ããªãéããæ¥æ¬ã§ã®åœéæ ç»ç¥éå¬ã¯äžå¯èœãšèŠãããã
åœéæ ç»ç¥ã¯1970幎ã®å€§éªäžåã®ããã°ã©ã ã®äžã€ãšããŠãæ¥æ¬åœéæ ç»ç¥ããšéæã¡ãè¡ãããããšããã(1970幎4æ1æ¥~10æ¥ã倧éªãã§ã¹ãã£ãã«ããŒã«)ãå®åãæ
åœããã®ã¯åœæã®å²¡ç°ã®äžåžã»å€§å·åæ±æ 瀟é·ã ã£ãããããåœéæ ç»ç¥ã§ã®åºåäœã¯æªå
¬éäœã«éããšããèŠå®ãå³ãããèŸéäŒç€Ÿãç¶åºãåœæã¯æ¥æ¬æ ç»ã®äžæ³ãæ·±å»åããæä»£ã§ãå瀟æ ç»ç¥ã©ããã§ã¯ãªããæŸç«¹ã®åæžåéã¯å
šãããæ°ãªãã倧æ ã®æ°žç°é
äžã¯äŒç€Ÿããããããªããæ¥æŽ»ã®å ä¹
äœã¯ãããªãã®ã¯ãã¡ã ãšèšãããæ±å®ã®æŸå²¡èŸ°éã¯ä¹ãæ°ã§ãªããã©ããååããŠããããäžæ ã¯æµ·å€ãåãããŠå
šéšã§20æ¬ã«çãŸã£ãããŸãæ¬§ç±³ã®æ ç»ç¥ã§ã¯èªåœã®æ³åŸãå«çåºæºã§ãä»åœã®èžè¡äœåãæž¬ãããšã¯ã§ããªããšãã"éå"ããããã¹ãŠã§ãŒãã³ã®ããŒãã³ã¢ãç§ã¯å¥œå¥å¿ã®åŒ·ã女ããããŒã«ããç¡ä¿®æ£ã§äžæ ãããã®ããããã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢ã«çãã«åãäžããããåäœã¯éæ¿ãªè£žäœã»æ§ææåãååœã§æ€é²è°è«ãå·»ãèµ·ãããäžçäžã§ããã«ãè§£çŠããããããåŒãéã«ãªã£ãæ°ãä»ãã®æ ç»ã§ãã£ããããã®åœ±é¿ããã£ãŠæ¥æ¬æ ç»ã¯ãã£ã±ã話é¡ã«ãªãããåäœã®ç£ç£ãšçšé¢ã®éã«æãŸã倧å·ã¯æãçŒãã(çµå±45ãµæã®ä¿®æ£ã11åéã«ãããããŠäžæ ããã)ãã倧å·ã¯å²ç« ãæ¬²ãããããããã ãããããããåœéæ ç»ç¥ã?ããªã©ãšæ£ã
ã«å©ãããææãªãã«çµãããæ ç»çã§ã¯åœéæ ç»ç¥ã¯ã¿ããŒãªã©ãšèšããããéããªã倧å·ã亡ããªããæ®ååŠçã岡ç°ãåŒãç¶ãã§åŸçãããæ ç»çã«ãšã£ãŠäœã®å®å©ããªãã岡ç°ã¯æåã¯ä¹ãæ°ã§ãªãããããªãæ¹ããããšããå
è¡çãªèããæã£ãŠããã
ãããå
é»éã®å°è°·æ£äžãäžå¿ãšãªããæ¥æ¬ãã©ã«ãã®åæ£äººãå²¡ç°æãå±±æ¬åäžæã鹿å
æ¥éãã°ã«ãŒããçµã¿ãéå¬å®çŸã«åãã岡ç°ã«çãã«åããããã岡ç°ã¯éç£çãã€ãã°äžåã®ããã®ã€ãã³ãã ãã§ã¯æ ç»çå
šäœã«ãšã£ãŠã¡ãªããããªããããæå³ããªããšçªã£ã±ãããæ ç»çã®ãªãŒããŒã§ãã岡ç°ã説åŸããªããã°å®çŸã¯äžå¯èœã§ãå°è°·ãã岡ç°ã«é£æ¥é£å€æŒã蟌ã¿ãç¶ããåŒãåããããåŸãªããªã£ãã仿¹ãªã岡ç°ãæ±å®ã®æŸå²¡åãæŸç«¹ã®å¥¥å±±èã倧æ ã®åŸ³é康快ãã«ã£ãã€ã®æ ¹æ¬æäºãã«é ãäžããååãèŠè«ããããããéå¬ã«åãåãåºãããå
ã®äžåã§ã®æ ç»ç¥ã¯èŠæš¡ãå°ããã£ããããæ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥ãæ¥æ¬åã®åœéæ ç»ç¥ãšããèªèã ã£ãã
1983幎10æ25æ¥ã«æåã®äŒè°ãéããã1983幎11æã«å²¡ç°ããšãã¹ã³ããšã®æè«äŒãéããªã©ã茪éãæ±ºãã岡ç°ãšå°è°·ãã§æºåå§å¡äŒãäœãã1983幎12æã«å€§ãŸããªãã©ã³ãã³ã°çºè¡šããã£ãããã®åŸãçµç¹å§å¡äŒãäœãéã«å²¡ç°ãšå°è°·ã§çžè«ããæ¥æ¬åå·¥äŒè°æã«ååãä»°ãããšã«ãªããåœæã®åå·¥äŒè°æäŒé ã¯å²¡ç°ã®åŸèŠäººãèªç§°ããŠããæ°žéééã ã£ãããäºå³¶æã«äŒé ãããã³ã¿ããããããšã決ãŸã£ãŠããŠãå¿ãããšãã«äºå³¶ã«é Œãã®ã¯ç¡çã ãããšã誰ããã人ã¯ããªãããšãªãã岡ç°ãä»ãåãã®ããç¬å³¶éŸäžãåè£ã«æããããé茞çãæ¯éãšè³æãã岡ç°ãšå°è°·ã§ç¬å³¶ã«ãçµç¹å§å¡äŒå§å¡é·ã«ãªã£ãŠããããšé Œã¿ã«è¡ã£ãããç¬å³¶ããããããªãçµç¹å§å¡é·ãšèšãããŠãããããã¯æ ç»ãå
šç¶ç¥ããªã人éã ããå°ãããšæãããã岡ç°ã¯å¿
ãæ¿åºãšã®åé¡ãè²ã
èµ·ãã£ãŠæ¥ããšäºæ³ã匷åŒã«ç¬å³¶ãå£èª¬ããæ°žéééãããç¬å³¶ã«ååèŠè«ããããç¬å³¶ãæžã
åŒãåãããç¬å³¶ã¯åœæã®éŠçžã»äžæœæ ¹åº·åŒã®ãã¬ãŒã³ã®äžäººã ã£ãã
1984幎2æ24æ¥ãæ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥æºåå§å¡äŒãç·äŒã§æºåå§å¡äŒããçµç¹å§å¡äŒãã«çºå±æ¹çµãã宿œéå¶ã®ç·æ¬çµç¹ãšããŠãå®è¡å§å¡äŒããçºè¶³ãããçµç¹å§å¡äŒäŒé·ã«ç¬å³¶éŸäžãå®è¡å§å¡äŒå®è¡å§å¡é·ã«å²¡ç°èããŒãã©ã«ã»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã«å°è°·æ£äžã就任ãçµç¹å§å¡ã¡ã³ããŒãšããŠä»ã«ãå€©éæ¿äžæžè°·åºé·ãäºå·åæ¥æ¬åå·¥äŒè°æå°åçäºãå€§å³¶æžæ¥æ¬æ ç»ç£ç£åäŒçäºé·ã岡鿿±æ¥ãšãŒãžã§ã³ã·ãŒåžžååç· åœ¹ãå æžå®è¡æååºæ¬¡é·ãå·å£å¹¹å€«NHKå°åçäºãå°é·åäžéç£çæ¿çå±é·ãååè³æè¥¿æŠçŸè²šåºç€Ÿé·ã䞊æšè²äººååºäŒã»å
šæ¯é£äŒé·ãå€å·åå·³å€åœæ ç»èŒžå
¥é
絊åäŒäŒé·ãäžæµŠå®æ±æ¥çŸè²šåºç€Ÿé·ãäžå®
åå©å€åçæ
å ±æåå±é·ãå
«äœå©éæ¥æ¬ã·ããªãªäœå®¶åäŒçäºé·ãéžåºãããæ§æã¡ã³ããŒã®è¿œå ã¯å²¡ç°å®è¡å§å¡é·ãäžå¿ã«äººéžãããšçºè¡šãããã¡ã³ããŒã¯å
šå¡ç¡åã®ãã©ã³ãã£ã¢ã
åœéæ ç»è£œäœè
é£çããå
¬èªæ ç»ç¥ãšèªå®ãåãã1984幎4æ4æ¥ãããã«ãã£ãã¿ã«æ±æ¥ã§æ£åŒã«æ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥éå¬ã®æ±ºå®çºè¡šããããæ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥çµç¹å§å¡äŒãå®è¡å§å¡äŒãæ ç»ç¥ã®æŠèŠãçºè¡šããã岡ç°èå®è¡å§å¡é·ãè£äœããå¯å§å¡é·ã«ã¯æŸå²¡åãéžåºããããåœæåœéæ ç»è£œäœè
é£çããå
¬èªãããåœéæ ç»ç¥ã¯å
«ã€ã§ãæ±äº¬ã¯ä¹çªç®ã§ãã£ãã
1984幎ã®ã«ã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥ã«å²¡ç°èæ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥å®è¡å§å¡é·ã代衚å£ãšå
ç°å®é§ãã©ã³ã¹å€§äœ¿ãåºåžããæéäžã®1984幎5æ19æ¥ã®å€ãåœå°ã®ããã«ãã«ããã§ãæ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥éå¬ã®å
¬åŒçºè¡šãè¡ããããã«ã³ãã«ã¯äžçã®æ ç»ç¥é¢ä¿è
ãéãŸããããæ¥µæ±ã®é ãéœåžã§ã®æ ç»ç¥ã«å¥œå¥å¿ãããããã36ãµåœãã800人ã®ãžã£ãŒããªã¹ããéãŸããèšè
äŒèŠã«çšæããæ€
åãè¶³ããã«ç«ã¡èŠãåºãçæ³ã¶ãã§ãååœã®æ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥ã«å¯Ÿããé¢å¿ã®é«ããããããããã¢ãžã¢æå€§ã®æ ç»ããŒã±ããã§ããæ¥æ¬ã§ããããŸã§åœéæ ç»ç¥ãéãããªãã£ãããšãäžæè°ãšããææ³ãæããããåŸè¿°ã®çç±ã§ææ¥ãå察ãããæµå°ã§ã®äŒèŠã«ãªã£ãããäŒèŠåŸã¯ãžã£ã³ã»ãã¬ãŒããã¬ãŒãã»ãã¢ã³ãžã§ãªã©ã俳åªãç£ç£ããããã¥ãŒãµãŒããããã²æ±äº¬ã«è¡ãããããšå²¡ç°å®è¡å§å¡é·ãç¥çŠããã
1984幎7æ26æ¥ãããã«ãã¥ãŒãªãŒã¿ãã§ã第2åå®è¡å§å¡äŒãéãããç·å調æŽå§å¡äŒå®è¡å§å¡é·ã»å²¡ç°èããŒãã©ã«ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã»å°è°·æ£äžãã¢ãœã·ãšâããããããã¥ãŒãµãŒã»åæ£äººãå²¡ç°æãæµ·å€æžå€å§å¡äŒå§å¡é·ã»å€å·åå·³ãå¯å®è¡å§å¡é·å
Œåºå ±å§å¡äŒå§å¡é·ã»æŸå²¡åãäžæ å§å¡äŒå§å¡é·ã»å¥¥å±±èãäœåéžå®å§å¡äŒå§å¡é·ã»åŸ³é康快ãªã©ã決ãŸã£ããåæ ç»äŒç€Ÿã®ç€Ÿé·ã«è²¬ä»»è
ã«ãªã£ãŠããã圢ããšã£ããæžè°·å°åºã®å§å¡äŒãçµæãããæžè°·ã®è¡ããã¿ã®æ ç»ç¥ãšãããšç³ãåããããã£ãããŸãéšäŒã¯ãæ ç»äŒç»ããäžè¬äŒç»ããç§åŠäžåãããã¥ãŒã¡ãã£ã¢ãã®4éšäŒãããããæ ç»äŒç»ãã®ç·åãããã¥ãŒã¹ãå±±æ¬åäžæã§ãå±±æ¬ãèªèº«ã®ãããã¥ãŒã¹äœãMishimaãã®äžæ åé¡ã§åŸã«éšããèµ·ãããã1984幎11æãåäŒç»ã®äžæ äœåãéå¬å Žæãæéãªã©å
·äœçãªå
å®¹ãæ±ºå®ããã1984幎12æ25æ¥ãåšäº¬ãã¬ãå±å瀟ã«å¯Ÿãæ ç»ç¥ã®èª¬æäŒãéããååãèŠè«ãè¥è
åãã®äŒç»ãå€ãçµãŸããæ ç»ã®çŽ æŽãããããã¡ã³ã«PRããçµ¶å¥œã®æ©äŒãšãªãããã©ããããæ ç»é¢ããé£ãæ¢ããããšãã§ãããããšããé·å¹Žæ ç»äººã«èª²ããããæ ç»åèãšããåãã®çãã瀺ãæå°ã®èå°ã«ãªã£ãã
1985幎5æ7æ¥ãå
幞çºã®æ¥æ¬ãã¬ã¹ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã§ã岡ç°èå®è¡å§å¡é·ãããæ ç»ç¥ã®å
šãŠã®äŒç»ã®å
šå®¹ãçºè¡šãããããŸã埳é康快äœåéžå®å§å¡äŒå§å¡é·ãããã¹ãŠã®äžæ äœåã¯åœéæ ç»ç¥èŠçŽã«æºããŠäžæ ãããããšã鿥ççºèšãªãããã¢ãç¡ä¿®æ£ã®ãŸãŸäžæ ãããããšãæ£åŒã«èªããã
æ¥æ¬ã§åããŠéãããå€§èŠæš¡ãªåœéæ ç»ç¥ã§ã諞åé¡ãå±±ç©ã§å€§æºãã倿ŽãäœåãªããããŠããã±ãŒã¹ãããããåºããåœéæ ç»è£œäœè
é£çããå
¬èªæ ç»ç¥ãšèªå®ã¯ãããããä»®å
èš±ã®ãããªãã®ã§ãã°ã©ã³ããªããšããåç§°ã¯äœ¿ããã第äºåããã¯ãã°ã©ã³ããªããšããåç§°ãèš±ãããŠæ ç»ç¥ã®æ¬åœã§ããæ±äº¬ã°ã©ã³ããªãç«¶ãäœåã®ã³ã³ããã£ã·ã§ã³ãåºæ¥ããšããããšã§ã第äžåã¯ãã°ã©ã³ããªããéžåºããã³ã³ã¯ãŒã«ããªããããããããªå¬ããäŒç»ããèŠå¿ã®ããã°ã©ã ãçµãŸãããããã°ã©ã ã®è¶
ç®çããã€ã³ã°ã·ãã85ã(1945幎以éã«çãŸããç£ç£äœåã®ã³ã³ã)ã§ãã£ããå
å€ã®æ°é²ç£ç£ã®ã³ã³ã¯ãŒã«ã§ãæåªç§äœåã«æ¬¡åäœåã®è£œäœè³éãšããŠ150äžãã«(åœæã¯3å8000äžåã«çžåœ)ãæäŸãããšããäžçã®æ ç»ç¥ã§ãåäŸã®ãªãé«é¡è³éã§ããšãŒãããã®ååœãããæ¬åœã?äžæ¡ééããŠãªãã?ããšå¿é
ãããããããããçµæžå€§åœããšæ¹ããŠæå¿ããããåœéæ ç»ç¥ã§ã¯åããŠã®è³éã€ãã³ã³ã¯ãŒã«ãšæžããããã®ããããåããã°ã©ã ã®ããŒããããã¥ãŒãµãŒã»äœã
æšå²æATG瀟é·ãã«ã³ãã§ãããªãã150äžãã«åºãããšçºè¡šãããã®ã§ãé£ã«ãã岡ç°ãã倧äžå€«ããããã¯ãããªéç¥ãããããšæãã声ãäžãããã©ãã®åœã®è¥æç£ç£ã補äœè²»ã«æ©ãã§ãããããã«ã³ãã§ã®èšè
äŒèŠã§ã¯äœåã®ç®¡çã¯ã©ãããã®ã çãè¥æç£ç£ãã代衚å£ã質å責ãã«éãããã150äžãã«ã¯ããžãã¬ããšCSKãåºè³ãããCSKã°ã«ãŒãã«ã¯ãã»ã¬ã»ãšã³ã¿ãŒãã©ã€ãŒã¹ããŽããåå ããŠããããŽãã¯æ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥ãç®åãã«ãæ°ããç«ã¡äžããããŽãåºéãå¶åºŠã仲ä»ãšããŠãåçš®æåã€ãã³ãã«è³éæŽå©ããŠãããšçºè¡šãããåœæã®ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©åœã®ã»ãšãã©ãå«ãäžç40ãµåœãã519æ¬ã®å¿åäœåãæ®ºå°ããäžçäžããæ³šç®ãããè¯ãåã£æãã«ãªã£ããåœææ ç»è£œäœã®äž»èŠåœã¯54ãµåœãšããããæ¥æ¬ã§äžæ ãããã®ã¯10ãµåœä»¥äžã§ã70%ãã¢ã¡ãªã«æ ç»ãããšã®30%ã5ã6ãµåœãšããããããã€ã³ã°ã·ãã85ãã®æåªç§äœåã¯ã519æ¬ã®äžããäºåéžã§16äœåãäžæ ãããå€§ææ ç»äŒç€Ÿããç¡èŠããç¶ããèµå
¥ãããŠããçžç±³æ
äºã®ãå°é¢šã¯ã©ãããéžã°ããã審æ»ã®åžäžã§ãå°ãã§ãå€ãã®ç£ç£ã«ãã£ã³ã¹ãããªã©ãšåŠãªçç¥ãè¡ãããè³éã¯150äžãã«ã§ã¯ãªãã75äžãã«(1å8000äžå)ã«çªåŠå€æŽãããäºäœã®ãAtããšäžäœã®ãæ¢ã£ãæéãã«æ®ãã®éé¡ãåé
ãããçžç±³ã¯ã次åäœã¯æŠç°æ³°æ·³ã®ãå¯å£«ãããããŸãããšè©±ããããè³éããå
ã女ãã®è£œäœã«å
ãŠãããã€ã³ã°ã·ãã85ãã¯åœå
å€ã®æ ç»äººããé«ãè©äŸ¡ãåãã審æ»å§å¡é·ã ã£ãããŽã£ããã»ããããã ããäžçã®è¥æãè²ãŠãããã«è³éãåºããšããçºæ³ã«ããããæä»£ãæããããæ ç»ç¥ã ãšæå¿ããããšè©ãããäŒç»ã¯ãæ ç»äŒç»ãã®éšäŒã®ã¡ã³ããŒã®äžã«æ ç»ç¥ã®åŠå®è«ãå€ãããããªããäœããŠããŒã¯ãªç®çããªããããšãªããã¡ã³ããŒã§è©±ããŠãããã¡ã誰ãããã®äŒç»ãæãããšããã
岡ç°ã1980å¹Žã«æžè°·ãæ¬æ ã«çœ®ãæ±æ¥ã¬ã¯ãªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ç€Ÿé·ã«ã就任ããŠãããæžè°·ãæåéœåžãæåãšãªã¢ãšããŠå€§ãã«ã€ã¡ãŒãžã¢ãããå³ãããšæžè°·ãéå¬å°ã«æ±ºãããNHKããŒã«äœ¿çšã®èš±å¯ãåããé£åããã°å€§ããªã€ãã³ããçµãããšæ§æ³ããçºããã¿ã§æ ç»ç¥ã«åå ããŠãããããšã«ãªã£ãã岡ç°ã®äºæ³éããéå¬ã«åãåãåºããšå€åçãããéç£çäž»å°åã®æ ç»ç¥ã¯ããããããšããæååºã¯ãæ ç»ç¥ããã§ã¹ãã£ãã«ãšããååã¯ããããã®æç®¡ã ããªã©ãšã¯ã¬ãŒã ãä»ããŠãããããããã¯ç¬å³¶ã§ãªããšè§£æ±ºã§ããªãåé¡ã§ãã£ããã«ã³ãã»ãã«ãªã³ã»ãŽã§ããã£ã¢ã®äžçäžå€§æ ç»ç¥ã¯ãæ¿åºããç©å¿äž¡é¢ã®æåãæ¯æŽãåããŠããããæ¥æ¬æ¿åºã«ããã¯æåŸ
ã§ããªããããç¬åã§æ°éããè³éãéããããã®ãã倧éšåã¯äŒæ¥ã®ååã«äŸåããããåŸããã¹ãã³ãµãŒã®åãç®ç«ã€åæ¥äž»çŸ©ãªã©ãšæ¹å€ããããæ ç»ç¥ãåœéçã«å®£äŒããããã«ã¯ãã§ããã ãå€ãã®æ ç»äººããžã£ãŒããªã¹ããæåŸ
ããããšãå¿
èŠã§ã財æ¿ãå
åã§ãªããšæåŸ
è
æ°ãéå®ããããåŸãªããªããããã§ã¯åœéæ ç»ç¥ã§ã¯ãªããåœå
æ ç»ç¥ã ããšé°å£ããããããããã§ãããäºåå±ã§åã人ã®å€§åãæ åã®é¢ä¿è
ã«ãã©ã³ãã£ã¢ããé¡ããããéå¶è³éã¯5ååãšç®æ®µããè³é調éã®ç®éã¯ã€ããããå¯ä»éãªã©ã¯çšéãåãããŠå®éã¯2å5000äžåããããã䜿ããªãããšãåããããããªã財å£ã§ããããšèããæ±äº¬éœã財å£ãæã£ãŠããããšãç¥ããããã䜿ãããšãããæ¿æ²»åé¡åããå¯èœæ§ããããšéœã®å¯ç¥äºããå察ãããããã®ããæ°ããç¬èªã®è²¡å£ãäœã£ãããèš±å¯ãéãããŸã§äžå¹Žä»¥äžããããšããããããããç¬å³¶ã®åãåããŠçæéã§èš±å¯ãéããããããã®è²¡å£ãäœãã®ã«äžåå以äžããã£ãã5ååã®è³é調éã¯å²¡ç°ãšç¬å³¶ã§çžè«ãã岡ç°ãåæ ç»äŒç€Ÿãåãã¬ãå±ãäžžäºã®éäºå¿ éããæžè°·å°åºã®å€§ããªæµéé¢ä¿ã«ååãä»°ããæ±æ¥ã°ã«ãŒã1ååã2ååãšãã西æŠã°ã«ãŒã7000äžåãéŽæšä¿äžæ±äº¬éœç¥äºã«ãé Œã¿ã«è¡ãã5000äžåã®äºç®æªçœ®ãã€ããŠããããéç£çã¯æåã®è©±ããéãåºããªãã£ããšãããããäºç®é¡ã®5ååã¯èª¿éããã5åã§ãè¶³ããªãããšãäºæ³ããããããé»éãšæ±æ¥ãšãŒãžã§ã³ã·ãŒã§æŽã«éãéããã1985幎ã«ç¬¬äžåçäºäŒãéããåæ ç»äŒç€Ÿç€Ÿé·ãåãã¬ãå±ç€Ÿé·ã«å
šå¡çäºã§å
¥ã£ãŠããã£ãã
ã€ãã°äžåãšã®é£åãè¶£æšã ã£ããããæåã¯1985幎4æã®éå¬ãäºå®ããŠããããšãããæ¯å¹Ž5æã«éå¬ããã«ã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥åœå±ãã4æã¯å°ããã«ã³ãã®çŽåã«ãããªãäžåååããªããããã®ãªãç§ã«ããšã¯ã¬ãŒã ãä»ããŠæ¥ããã«ã³ãæ ç»ç¥åœå±ã¯åœéæ ç»è£œäœè
é£çã«ããªãã®å§åãããããç§ã«ãã£ãŠããŠã¯å¹æãèããšå²¡ç°ã倿ããã«ã³ãæ ç»ç¥åœå±ã説åŸãã1985幎6æéå¬ã決ãããæžè°·ã®NHKããŒã«ãäž»äŒå Žã«ãæžè°·ã®æ ç»é€šãããŒã«ãäŒå Žã«1985幎5æ31æ¥~6æ9æ¥ã®10æ¥éã®éå¬ã決å®ããããŸãæ°ããç§åŠæè¡ã®ãæ«é²ç®ãšããŠãä¹±ããNHKããŒã«ãšçæ³¢äžåã®äŒå Žãšåæã«æ ããšããå®å®äžç¶(è¡ææŸé)ãèšç»ãããŠãããããä¹±ãã®å®æé
ãçã®çç±ã§äžæ¢ã«ãªã£ãã
1970å¹Žã®æ ç»ç¥ã§ã倧ããåãäžãããããããŸã§å¹ŸåºŠãšãªãäºããã"èžè¡ã""ã¯ã€ã»ãã"åé¡ãããã§ãèµ·ãã"ãã¢è§£çŠ"ããªãã®ãã倧ããªæ³šç®ã济ã³ããæ¬§ç±³ã®å€ãã®åœã®æ ç»ã¯äžè¬æ ç»ã§ãããŒãã·ãŒã³ããããã·ãŒã³ã§ãæ®éã«ç·å¥³ã®é°æ¯ãé ããäžæ ããããã§ãäžçã«å ããæ€é²å¶åºŠãæã€æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãææ²»43幎ã«å¶å®ãããé¢çšå®çæ³ã«ããããã¢ãå«ã¿èŒžå
¥ãããšå®³ããããã®ã¯äžæ ããŠã¯ãããªãããšã«ãªã£ãŠãããåè¿°ã®ããã«æ¬§ç±³ã®æ ç»ç¥ã§ã¯èªåœã®æ³åŸãå«çåºæºã§ãä»åœã®èžè¡äœåãæž¬ãããšã¯ã§ããªããšãã"éå"ããããããåœéæ
£äŸã«åŸãããŒã«ããç¡ä¿®æ£ã§å
šãŠã®æ ç»ãäžæ ããããåãããããåœæã¯é¢šå¶æ³ã®æ¹æ£ã§å€§æºãã®ææã§ãããã«è²¿ææ©æŠãåé¡ã«ãªã£ãŠããææã§ããããé¢çšéå£ã§ãããšã®éé£ãåããå±éºããã£ããåœåã¯æ±äº¬çšé¢ããæ³ã¯åæã«æ²ããããŸããããšæ
床ã¯åºããæ²èŠ³çãªäºæ³ã倧åã§ãã£ãããçšé¢ã管çãã倧èµç(çŸã»è²¡åç)ãšæè¡ãç¶ãã岡ç°èãšåŸ³éåº·å¿«ã®æ¿æ²»åã§ãè¶
æ³èŠã§æ ç»ç¥æéäžã«éããã¢è§£çŠãèªããããåœéçãªã¢ãç¬ãã«ãªããã«æžãã ãåæ°ããç¬¬äžæ©ãèžã¿åºãããšç§°è³ããããä»åã®æªçœ®ã¯çšé¢ãèŠãŠééãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããç¹äŸãšããŠããŒãã§ãã¯ã§çšé¢ãšééããããšãããã®ã§ããããçšé¢ã¯OKã§ãèŠå¯ãéè³ããŠç¥è€»ãšå€æãããåç· ãã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªããã(åæ³175æ¡)ãããŒãã«ã¯äºã€ãã£ããèŠèŠåºä¿å®äžèª²ã¯ç®¡èœã®æžè°·çœ²ãšååããå
šãŠã®ãã¢äœåã«ã¯ä¿å®ãåå Žã«æŽŸé£ããŠå
容ããã§ãã¯ããå
šãŠã®äœåã«ããããã€ãªæãã®è¡šçŸã¯ãªãã£ãããšãã£ãå
容ã®å ±åæžãæåºãå
šãŠã»ãŒãã«ãªã£ããæ å«ããã®ç¹äŸæªçœ®ãéã¿ãæ±äº¬æ ç»ç¥äžæ ã«éãã審æ»ã®å¯Ÿè±¡å€ãšããã«ããåã¯ä¿®æ£ãããªããªãªãžãã«ã®åœ¢ã§äžæ ãèªãããã®åŸãç¹äŸæªçœ®ãç¶ããŠãããæ±äº¬æ ç»ç¥ã®ããã¢è§£çŠã以éãææ»åœå±ããã¢è§£çŠãèªããããã¢ãèŠããçšåºŠã§ã¯æ€æãããªããä»®ã«æ€æãããŠã身æã®ææã¯ãªãããšããèŠæ¹ãåºçæ¥çã«åºãããæ ç»ç¥ä»¥éãåçèªã®ãã«ã床ããšã¹ã«ã¬ãŒããããã¶ã»åçããåºçããŠããæ±äº¬äžäžç€Ÿã®ç€Ÿé·ããèŠèŠåºä¿å®äžèª²ã«é®æãããããããŸã§ä»»æã§ã®åãç· ãŸãã¯ãã£ããã瀟é·ã«ãŸã§åŒ·å¶ææ»ãåãã ã®ã¯å
šãã®ç°äŸã§ãã£ãã
äœåã®åºæ¥ãããæ¥æ¬åã®ãã¢ç¡ä¿®æ£æ ç»ãšããŠè©±é¡ãéããã1984幎ãã¯"ãã¢è§£çŠ"ãã¹ããŒãçŽãå€åçŽãæžãç«ãŠããããäžæ äžé±éåã«å売ãåžã売ãåãããã®åŸãã±ããåãåããã®é»è©±ã殺å°ããããæ¬åœã«ãã¢ãåºããã§ããããšããåãåãããå€ãã£ããšããã1985幎6æ1æ¥ãæžè°·æ±æ¥ã§ã1984幎ãã¯äžæ ãããåå Žã¯è¶
æºå¡ã§ç«ã¡èŠãåºããç¿æ¥ã®ã¹ããŒãæ°èã¯ãèŠããâãã¢ã«æ¯ãã®ãããªã©ãšæŽå²ç"å¿«æ"ã倧ã
çã«å ±ãããç¶ããŠã«ããæ ç»ããžã£ãã¯ãš11æããã€ã®ãªã¹æ ç»ãçŒã®è¡æãããã©ãžã«æ ç»ããã·ã§ãããããã³ã¬ãªãŒæ ç»ãã²ã«ãã«ããªã©ã®10äœåããããŒã«ããç¡ä¿®æ£ã§äžæ ãããå°å³ãªãããã®æ ç»ã«ã芳客ãè©°ããããã衚çŸã¯å€§äººãããã®ã ã£ããã1984幎ãã®ãã¢ã·ãŒã³ã§ã¯å ±éåžã«ããã«ã¡ã©ãã³ãããã£ããã«ã·ã£ãã¿ãŒãåãç°æ§ãªå
æ¯ãçŸåºãããã1984幎ãããã€ã³ã°ã·ãã85ãã®ã³ã³ã¯ãŒã«å¯Ÿè±¡äœåã ã£ããããã·ã£ãã¿ãŒé³ãéè³ã劚ããŠå
¬æ£ãªå¯©æ»ãåºæ¥ãªããšå¯©æ»å¡ãåäœã®ç£ç£ã»ãã€ã±ã«ã»ã©ããã©ãŒããªã©ããã審æ»äŒå Žãå€ããããªã©ãšæè°ã®å£°ãäžãããäºæ¥ç®ããã¯å
¥å Žæã«ã«ã¡ã©ããªããããã£ãŒãã§ãã¯ãåãããªã©å³ææ
å¢ãæ·ãããã2019幎ã®ä»æ¥ã§ã¯æ ç»æ³¥æ£ãªã©ã§æ ç»çæ®é²æ¢ã¯åžžèã ããåœæã¯äºæ³å€ã®äºæ
ã§ãæžè°·æ±æ¥åã«ããé¡ã æ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥ã«ãŠäžæ ãããŸãæ ç»ã¯åœéèŠçŽåã³åœå
ã®æ³åŸã«ãã£ãŠçæš©ãä¿è·ãããŠãããŸããåŸããŸããŠãæ ç»ãç¡æã§æ®åœ±ããããé²é³ãããããå Žåã¯çœ°ããããŸãã®ã§ããæ³šæäžãããŸããããé¡ãèŽããŸãã æ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥çµç¹å§å¡äŒäºåå±ããšææžãã§æžãããçŽ æŽãªç«ãŠçæ¿ãæ²ç€ºããããå Žå
ã§ã®åçæ®åœ±ã¯çŠããããŠããŸãããšã¢ããŠã³ã¹ãæµããã
åææã«éå¬ãããã¢ãžã¢å€ªå¹³æŽæ ç»ç¥ã§ã¯ãã¢è§£çŠãèªããªãã£ããããçšé¢ã人éã®ãã¢ãå·®å¥ãããšç©è°ãéžããã
ããŒã«ã»ã·ã¥ã¬ã€ããŒç£ç£ã®ãMISHIMAããäžå³¶ç±çŽå€«ã®æªäº¡äººãšè£œäœè
åŽã®ãã©ãã«ãããã1984幎æ«ã®äºåéžèã®æ®µéã§åºåäœåã®ãªã¹ãããèœãšãããæ ç»ç¥ã§äžæ ããäœåã¯çµç¹å§å¡äŒãç¬èªã®ç«å Žã§èªç±ã«éžæåºæ¥ããšããããšãåœéæ é£ã®èŠå®ã§æ±ºããããŠãããéžèçç±ãèšãå¿
èŠã¯ãªããšããåææ¡ä»¶ããããåé¡ã¯æ¬æ¥ç¡ãã£ããããMISHIMAãã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«åŽã®ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã»ãã ã»ã©ãã£ãæ ç»ç¥äºåå±ã«ã詊åãèŠãªãã§ãMISHIMAããäžæ ãããªãã®ã¯ãããããããã¯åœéæ ç»ç¥ã®ç²Ÿç¥ã«åãããã®ã§ãŸããšã«éºæŸãäžæ ã§ããããã«åèããããšå
¬é質åç¶ãéãä»ããŠæ¥ãããMISHIMAãã®æ¥æ¬åŽã®ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã¯ãæ ç»ç¥ã®ãæ ç»äŒç»ãç·åãããã¥ãŒã¹ã®å±±æ¬åäžæã ã£ãããå±±æ¬ãããã«å調ããŠæ ç»ç¥ã®ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒãèŸä»»ãããã©ãã£ã®æèŠã«å調ããæ¬§ç±³ã®æ ç»äººãå€ããã©ãã£ã1985幎4æããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ãæ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥ãã€ã³ããéåãã®çœ²å掻åãå§ããããã«ãããŒãã»ãã³ãã³ãã·ãããŒã»ãã©ãã¯ããŠã©ã«ã¿ãŒã»ãã«ããããŒãã»ã¬ãããã©ãŒããã眲åãåœåã審æ»å¡ãšããŠæ¥æ¥ããäºå®ã ã£ããMISHIMAãã®ã¹ã¿ããã»ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã»ã³ããã©ããžã§ãŒãžã»ã«ãŒã«ã¹ãªã©ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒç£ç£ãããçžæ¬¡ãã§æ¥æ¥ãåããããç·æ¥äºæ
ã«çºå±ããåœéçã«ã泚ç®ã济ã³ããæ ç»ç¥åœå±ã¯å£°ææãçºè¡šããããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æ ç»å°éèªããã©ãšãã£ã1985幎5æ8æ¥å·ã«ãåäœåã®äžæ èŠè«ã¯ãªããæ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥ã®æ¹å€ã¯åæ ç»ç¥ã ãã§ã¯ãªãäžçã®æ ç»ç¥ãèããå·ã€ãããã®ããšããå
¬åŒèŠè§£ãæ²èŒããããã察å¿ã«å€§ãããã«ãªã£ãã1985幎5æ7æ¥æ¥æ¬ãã¬ã¹ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã§è¡ãããèšè
äŒèŠã§ããã®éšåã«çããŠå²¡ç°èããã£ã±ãè
¹ãç«ãŠãããã ã»ã©ãã£ãšå±±æ¬åäžæã¯ãã£ãšçœ²åãéããŠã«ã³ãæ ç»ç¥ã§ãéšããããããããŸã§å±±æ¬åäžæããšããçžæã©ã£ãŠãŸãšãã«ã±ã³ã«ããæ°ã«ããªããªãã£ãããããé»ã£ãŠããããªããæ ç»ç¥ã¯ãMISHIMAãã®é²æããããªããã ã圌ãã¯æ ç»ç¥ã®å ŽããMISHIMAãã®å®£äŒã«å©çšããããšãããå®ã«ãããããæ¹ã ãå±±æ¬æ°ã«ã¯æ ç»ç¥ã®ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒãèŸããŠããã£ãããªã©ãšæ¿ããå£èª¿ã§éé£ããã岡ç°ã¯ãã€ãŠå±±æ¬ãå°æ± äžå€«ã®ä»£ç人ãšããŠæŽ»èºããŠããæè
ã«é¢å¿ããæ±æ å
ã§ãå±±æ¬åã«åŠã¹ããšå·ä»€ãããããªã©è©äŸ¡ããŠãããšããããæ ç»ç¥ã®åµèšã¡ã³ããŒã®äžäººã§ããã£ãã ãã«æã£ããã®ãšèŠããããå±±æ¬ã¯å²¡ç°ããããMISHIMAããªãããã£ããå³ç¿Œãå察ããŠéšãã第1åç®ãã倧混乱ã«ãªãããšå察ããããšè©±ããå±±æ¬ã¯ãæåçãªã€ãã³ããšããŠã®åœéæ ç»ç¥ã¯å³ç¿Œã«å±æããŠã¯ãããªããæ¥æ¬ã¯æ³æ²»åœå®¶ã ãããå³ç¿Œãæ¥ããªãèŠå¯ãåŒãã§å®ã£ãŠãããã°ãããã§ãããšåè«ãããšèšããå±±æ¬ã¯ãæ ç»ç¥åŽãäºå®ãèªã£ãŠããªãããšæ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥ã®å
éšè³æãå
¬éãããã«å¯ŸããŠèå£ä¹
åéäºåå±é¡§åã¯ãå³ç¿Œå£äœããã®å§åããã£ããšèšããµãããŠããã®ã¯ã宣äŒãã£ã³ããŒã³ãšããæããªãããå³ç¿Œã®å§åã«ãã£ãŠèœãšãããšããèãã¯å
šãã®ééãã§ãäžå³¶å€«äººãæ ç»è£œäœã«å察ããŠããã®ã«è£œäœã匷è¡ããä»®ã«äžæ ããŠäœããã©ãã«ãããã°ãåœéåé¡ã«ãªããããªããã岡ç°äŒé·ããæ¥æ¬åŽã®ãããã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®ä»£è¡šè
ã«ãäžå³¶å®¶ãšã®åé¡ãã¯ãªã¢ãããããæ€èšããŸãããšäŒããŠããããããã¯ãªã¢ããªãã§äœã§äžæ ããªãã®ããšããã®ã¯èšããããã ããšåè«ãéšåãæªåãããäžé£ã®éšåã§ã欧米æ ç»äººã®äžéšãšäºè£ãæ·±ãŸããäºåç®ä»¥éã®æ ç»ç¥ã«ãã€ãã¹é¢ãæ®ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšãžã£ãŒããªã¹ãããå¿é
ãããã
æ ç»ç¥ã«ã¯äžçååœããæ ç»äººããã£ãŠããçµ¶å¥œã®æ©äŒã®ããã岡ç°ã¯æ ç»çã«ã¡ãªããã®ãããã£ã«ã ã»ããŒã±ãã(ãã«ã·ã§ãèŠæ¬åž)ãéå¬ããããšããåžæãæåãã衚æããŠããããæºåæéãå
åã§ãªã第äžåã§ã¯åºæ¥ãããã£ã«ã ã»ããŒã±ããã®éå¬ã¯ç¬¬5åããã«ãªã£ãã
çµç¹å§å¡äŒå§å¡é·ã¯ç¬¬1å(1985幎)ãã第9å(1996幎)ãŸã§ç¬å³¶éŸäžã§ããããç¬å³¶ã¯èšè
äŒèŠã«ã»ãšãã©åºåžããã第äžåããé£é ææ®ã«åœãã£ãã®ã¯å®è¡å§å¡é·ã®å²¡ç°èã§ãã£ããéå¬çºè¡šäŒèŠã§çãäžã«åº§ãã®ã第äžåãã第11å(1998幎)ãŸã§ãã£ãšå²¡ç°ã§ãæåã®çºèšè
ã岡ç°ã§ã次ããŒãã©ã«ã»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒ(以äžãGP)ã§ãã£ãããã®éãéå¬çºè¡šäŒèŠã¯4人ãã7人ãåºåžããŠè¡ããããã奿°ã®åºåžã®æã¯çãäžã岡ç°ã§ãå¶æ°ã®æã¯å²¡ç°ãšGPãçãäžã京éœéå¬ã ã£ã第7å(1994幎)ã®éå¬çºè¡šäŒèŠã¯7人ã®åºåžã§ãçãäžã岡ç°ã§ã岡ç°ã®äž¡é£ãã埳é康快GPãšèå·»çŠäžäº¬éœåºç¥äºã ã£ãã岡ç°ãããããšåšããããèªç¥ãããŠãããã®ãšèŠãããã
ç¬å³¶ã¯çµç¹å§å¡äŒå§å¡é·ã第9å(1996幎)ãŸã§åããŠåéã第10å(1997幎)ãšç¬¬11å(1998幎)ã®çµç¹å§å¡äŒå§å¡é·ã¯æšå£å»£å€ªéãåãã第12å(1999幎)ã«ç¬¬äžåãã11åãŸã§å®è¡å§å¡é·ã ã£ã岡ç°èãçµç¹å§å¡äŒå§å¡é·ã«å°±ä»»ãã岡ç°ã®åŸä»»å®è¡å§å¡é·ã«ã¯ç³ç°æåœŠãå°±ããã第13å(2000幎)éå¬ã®çŽåã«åŸ³éåº·å¿«ãæ¥éããããã第13åã¯ç³ç°æåœŠãå®è¡å§å¡é·ãšGPãå
Œä»»ããã
GPãæåãã岡ç°èãšããæç®ãèŠãããããGPã¯ã第1å(1985幎)ãå°è°·æ£äžã第2å(1987幎)ã第3å(1989幎)ãç³ç°ééã第4å(1991幎)ãã第12å(1999幎)ãŸã§ã埳é康快ã京éœã§éå¬ããã第7å(1994幎)ã¯ã埳éã§ãªãã京éœã«çžã®ããé«å²©æ·¡ãšå¥¥å±±èãäºé GPãåããã第13å(2000幎)ãç³ç°æåœŠã第14å(2001幎)ã第15å(2002幎)ãå·å
é康ã第16å(2003幎)ãã第20å(2007幎)ãŸã§ãè§å·æŽåœŠãè§å·ã第18å(2005幎)ã§ãGPããã§ã¢ãã³ãšæ¹ç§°ã第21å(2008幎)ãã第25å(2012幎)ãŸã§ã®ãã§ã¢ãã³ã¯äŸç°å·œã第26å(2013幎)ãããã§ã¢ãã³ã®ä»£ããã®åœ¹è·ãšããŠæ°èšããããã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã»ãžã§ãã©ã«ã«æ€åä¿ã就任ã2017幎3æ10æ¥ããã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã»ãžã§ãã©ã«ãããã§ã¹ãã£ãã«ã»ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã«åœ¹è·åãå€ãã圹è·ã«ãå
ã¯ãŒããŒãã©ã¶ãŒã¹æ ç»å¯ä»£è¡šã§ãããæŸç«¹ã§åžžååç· åœ¹ãªã©ãåããä¹
æŸçæã就任ããã2019幎7æããã¯å
é§ã€ã¿ãªã¢å€§äœ¿ã®å®è€è£åº·ããã§ã¢ãã³ã«å°±ä»»ããŠããã
1991幎ã®ç¬¬4åãã埳é康快ãGPã«å°±ä»»ããçµç·¯ã¯ããããŸã§GPãåããŠããç³ç°ééãäœãæªãã®ã«ã«ãéãã§èŠåŽããŠããã岡ç°èå®è¡å§å¡é·ããã埳ããäœãšãååããŠãã£ãŠãããªããããšé ŒãŸããŠãã埳éããæ ç»ç¥ã¯ããç¥ããªãããããšæã£ãŠãããã1990幎7æã«ç³ç°ãçªç¶äº¡ããªãã埳éãã©ãããªã¬ã«å£°ãããããã ãããŒãã ããã岡ç°ãå®ã¯ãããªãã ã埳éãããããäžçæžåœãããããšåŒãåããããšã«ãªã£ãã埳éãã§ã第3åã¯ãããã§ãã£ããã ?ã岡ç°ã6åã ã埳éãçºå±ãããã«ã¯åŸæ¥ã®åã®ã«ãããããã°ãããä»åã¯ããªã®ãã10ååã§ãããããšãäºäººã®è©±ã§ãé幎éå¬ã§ã¯å¹æãèãããæ¯å¹Žå®æçã«éå¬ãããã西ã®ã«ã³ããæ±ã®æ±äº¬ãšéæã£ãŠããããæ ç»äººãåãçµéããŠæ ç»çå
šäœã§ãããããšæ±ºãŸã£ãã第2åãšç¬¬3åã¯ç³ç°ééãGPãåããŠããé¢ä¿ãããããžãµã³ã±ã€ã°ã«ãŒããããã¯ã¢ãããããããã®ããæ±æ 以å€ã®æ ç»äŒç€Ÿã¯ããŸãååçã§ãªãã£ããã埳éã®å°±ä»»ã§ããããæ ç»çå
šäœã§ååãããããšãªããæŸå²¡åæ±å®ç€Ÿé·ãåºå ±å§å¡é·ã«å°±ãããèšè
äŒèŠã®æã¯ãã¢ãžã¢ãäžå¿ã«æçŸ©ãšäŸ¡å€ã®ããéèŠãªæ ç»ç¥ã«ããã«ã³ãããããã¢ãšäžŠã¶äžå€§æ ç»ç¥ã«ãããããšçºè¡šããã埳éã®èªå®
ã®åè»é£ããéŽæšä¿äžæ±äº¬éœç¥äºå®
ã§ã第3åã®ãšãã«åŸ³éãšå²¡ç°ã§éŽæšå®
ã蚪ã1åååºããŠããã£ãŠãããã埳éã¯GPã«å°±ä»»ãããšä»åºŠã¯éŽæšã«ãæ¯å¹Ž8åååºããŠããããšé Œã¿ãéŽæšãããã©ãããããšã ?ããšèšãããããã"æ±äº¬"åœéæ ç»ç¥ãªãã ãã«ã³ãã§ããã«ãªã³ã§ããããã¢ã§ãã¿ããªåžããã£ãŠãããã ããæ±äº¬éœãåé¢ã«ç«ã£ãŠãã£ãŠããããªããšå°ããã§ããã§ãªããš"æ¥æ¬"åœéæ ç»ç¥ã«ãªã£ã¡ãããããããšããããä»å¹Žã¯4ååºããŠããããªã©ãšèª¬åŸãéç£çã«ã¯ãããŸã§ã®1å5000äžåã ã£ã婿éã2ååã«ã¢ãããããã埳éã¯äžåœã«åŒ·ããã€ããæã€ããšã§ç¥ãããããå°æ¹Ÿã«ãåå ããŠããã£ãŠç¶ãã¹ããšå²¡ç°ãšäºäººã§å°æ¹Ÿã«è¡ã£ãŠå°æ¹Ÿã®åå ãæ£åŒã«æ±ºããããŸãã«ã³ãã®ããã«äžçäžãããã€ã€ãŒãéããããã«ããã«ã¯ãçæçãªæ¹çãšããŠã¯ããã ãããšå
¥è³äœåã®è³éãå¢é¡ããããããã«åŽ©å£ããããè³ééããèŠãããªã£ããã第5åããæ¥æ¬ã§åããŠãã£ã«ã ã»ããŒã±ãããéããããGPã«å°±ä»»ãããšã¹ãã³ãµãŒéãã«å¥èµ°ããªããã°ãªããã岡ç°ã第2åã®ãšãã鹿å
æ¥éã«é Œãã ãæããã埳é以éã®GPã¯ãããã1åã2åã§èŸããŠããã2001幎ããäºå¹Žåããå·å
é康ããããŸããç³ç°ã®ãªã€ãžããã£ãŠããããªãããããŸãããã®æåŒåãããªããããšå²¡ç°ããçããšãããçªãããŠã®å°±ä»»ã2003幎ã岡ç°ãããããªäººã«ããã£ããå
šå¡ã«æãããè§å·æŽåœŠã¯ããã®å Žã§åããŠããããªããšä»å¹Žã®éå¬ãã§ããªãããšå²¡ç°ãã匷ã説åŸãåããæžã
æ¿è«Ÿã第16åããå
代ç®GPã«å°±ä»»ããŠããã
2010幎(å¹³æ22幎)ã«éå¬ããã第23åã«ãããŠãæ ç»ç¥ã«æãããŠããäžè¯äººæ°å
±ååœãšäžè¯æ°åœããã®æåŸ
è
ã®éã§ãå°æ¹Ÿã衚èšãããã£ãŠè«äºãçããäžéšã®ç£ç£ã俳åªãéå¹åŒããã€ã³ããããããŸããäžåœãå°æ¹Ÿæ¿åºãåå¿ããåæ¹ã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã§ã¯éšåã«ãªã£ãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E7%A5%AD
|
8,143 |
ãã«ãªã³åœéæ ç»ç¥
|
ãã«ãªã³åœéæ ç»ç¥(ãã«ãªã³ããããããããããç¬: Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin, 1951幎 - )ã¯ããã€ãã®ãã«ãªã³ã§æ¯å¹Ž2æã«éå¬ãããåœéæ ç»è£œäœè
é£ç(FIAPF)å
¬èªã®åœéæ ç»ç¥ãã«ã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥ããŽã§ããã£ã¢åœéæ ç»ç¥ãšäžŠã³äžçäžå€§æ ç»ç¥ã®ã²ãšã€ã«æ°ããããããã€ãã§ã¯ãã«ãªããŒã¬(Berlinale)ãšåŒã°ããããšãå€ãã
ä»ã®æ ç»ç¥ãšæ¯ã¹ããšç€ŸäŒæŽŸã®äœåãéãŸãåŸåãããããŸããè¿å¹Žã¯æ°äººç£ç£ã®çºæã«åãæ³šãã§ããã
æé«è³ã¯äœåè³ã«ãããéçè³(Goldener BÀr)ããã®è³ã®åã¯çããã«ãªã³åžã®çŽç« ã§ããããšã«ã¡ãªãã
FIAPFå
¬èªã®åœéæ ç»ç¥äžã2006幎ã®äžæ äœåæ°ã¯ç¬¬7äœ(360æ¬)ãæ¥å Žè
æ°ã¯ç¬¬1äœ(418,000人)ã§ãã£ããäžå€§æ ç»ç¥ã§ã¯å¯äžå€§éœåžã§éå¬ãããŠãã(ãã«ãªã³ã¯äººå£360äžããŽã§ããã€ã¢ã¯26äžãã«ã³ãã¯7äž)ããšãæ¥å Žè
æ°ã®å€ãã«ã€ãªãã£ãŠããã
2014幎çéå¬çµäºæç¹ã§ã10æ¥éã®æéäžã«è²©å£²ããäžè¬å
¥å Žåžã33äžæãçªç Žãããäžçæå€§ã®æ ç»ç¥ãã§ãããšæ ç»ç¥è²¬ä»»è
ã®ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã»ã³ã¹ãªãã¯(è±èªç)ã«ãã£ãŠçºè¡šãããã
1951å¹Žã«æ ç»å²å®¶ã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ããã»ããŠã¢ãŒ(ãã€ãèªç)ããã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã«éå¬ãããã®ãèµ·ãããç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåã«èžè¡ã®éœãšããŠæ ãããã«ãªã³ã®è¥¿åŽã®æ ç¹ã§ãããæ±åŽã®äžã«ããåœæã®è¥¿ãã«ãªã³ã«ãŠè¥¿åŽã®èžè¡æåãã¢ããŒã«ããããšããæ¿æ²»çæå³ããã£ããšãããã1955幎ã«FIAPFã«å
¬åŒã«èªãããããåœåã¯æ±åŽã®äœåã¯é€ãããŠããããœé£ã®ååå ã¯1974幎ã§ããã
ããŠã¢ãŒã®åŒéåŸã1976幎ã«ãŽã©ã«ãã»ãããŒ(ãã€ãèªç)ã第2代ã®ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã«å°±ä»»ããããããŒã¯å€éå¬ã§ãã£ãæ¬æ ç»ç¥ã2æéå¬ã«å€æŽããã1980幎ã«ç¬¬3代ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒãšããŠã¢ãŒãªããã»ãã»ããã«ã³(è±èªç)ã就任ãããããã«ã³ã¯ããªãŠããæ ç»ã«éç¹ãããã»ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãæ ç»ç¥ã«ãããããã1994幎ã«ã¯ãæ ç»ã«ãåãã GATTã®è²¿æå¯Ÿç«ã§ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åŽãæ ç»ç¥ããã€ã³ããããéšããšãªããããªãŠããéèŠã®æ¹éã«ãã倧ããªåœ±é¿ãåããã2000幎ã«ããã«ã³ã¯ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã解任ããã2001幎ã§éä»»ã2002幎ããã¯ãã£ãŒã¿ãŒã»ã³ã¹ãªãã¯ã第4代ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒãšãªã£ãŠããã
ãã«ãªããŒã¬ã«ã¯ã³ã³ããã£ã·ã§ã³éšéãããã©ãéšéããšã³ã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒãºéšé(第70åãã远å )ããžã§ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³(éå°å¹Žæ ç»)éšéãã¬ãã«ã¹ãã¯ãã£ãéšéããã€ãæ ç»éšéããã©ãŒã©ã (éšé)ãã®7ã€ã®å
¬åŒéšéããããããããã«éšéã«ãã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒããããã³ã³ããã£ã·ã§ã³éšéãããã©ãéšéããšã³ã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒãºéšéãªã©ã¯ãã«ãªããŒã¬æ¬éšãéå¶ããŠãããããã©ãŒã©ã (éšé)ã¯å®éã¯æ¬éšãšã¯å¥ã®ç¬ç«ããçµç¹ãéå¶ããŠããããã®ä»ã2004幎ããå§ãŸã£ããã«ãªããŒã¬ã»ã¹ãã·ã£ã«ããæ ç»ã売ãè²·ããããšãŒããã¢ã³ã»ãã£ã«ã ã»ããŒã±ãã (Europian Film Market) ãªã©ãéå¬ãããŠããã
ãã®ä»ã®æ¥æ¬æ ç»é¢é£ã®åè³ã¯ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E7%A5%AD
|
8,145 |
ã«ã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥
|
ã«ã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥(ã«ã³ãããããããããããä»: Festival International du Film de Cannes)ã¯ã1946幎ã«ãã©ã³ã¹æ¿åºãéå¬ããŠä»¥æ¥ãæ¯å¹Ž5æ(1948幎ã1950幎ã¯äžæ¢)ã«ãã©ã³ã¹åéšã³ãŒãã»ããžã¥ãŒã«æ²¿ãã®éœåžã«ã³ãã§éãããŠããäžçã§æãæåãªåœéæ ç»ç¥ã®äžã€ã2002幎ããæ£åŒã«ã«ã³ãæ ç»ç¥(Festival de Cannes)ãšããåç§°ã䜿çšãããããã«ãªã£ãã
ã«ã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥ã¯ãã«ãªã³åœéæ ç»ç¥ããŽã§ããã£ã¢åœéæ ç»ç¥ãšäœµããäžçäžå€§æ ç»ç¥ã®äžã€ã§ããã審æ»å¡ã¯èåãªæ ç»äººãæå人ã«ãã£ãŠæ§æãããŠããã
䜵èšãããŠããåœéæ ç»èŠæ¬åž(ãã£ã«ã ã»ããŒã±ãã)ããã«ã·ã§ã»ãã¥ã»ãã£ã«ã (MARCHà DU FILM)ããMIFED(ã€ã¿ãªã¢èªç)ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã³ã»ãã£ã«ã ã»ããŒã±ãããšäžŠã³äžçäžå€§ããŒã±ããã®ã²ãšã€ã§ãããããŒã±ããã«ã¯äŸå¹Ž800ç€Ÿãæ°åäººã®æ ç»è£œäœè
(ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒ)ããã€ã€ãŒã俳åªãªã©ãæããäžçååœããéãŸãæ ç»é
絊äŒç€Ÿãžæ°äœæ ç»ã売ã蟌ãããã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®å Žãšãªã£ãŠããããšããããäžçäžå€§æ ç»ç¥ãšäžçäžå€§ããŒã±ãããåæã«éå¬ãããã®ã¯ã«ã³ãã ãã§ãããããéäžçã«äžçäžã®ãã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢ããå€å€§ãªæ³šç®ãéãŸããæ¯åå
šäžçããæ°å€ãã®ä¿³åªãæ ç»è£œäœè
ãåºåžããã
é嬿éäžã¯ãã¡ã€ã³äŒå Žãå§ãåæ ç»é€šã§ã¯æ ç»ãäžæ ãããèŠæ¬åžã§ã¯å補äœäŒç€Ÿã«ããããŒã¹ã§ãã¬ãŒã³ãšããŒãã£ãè¡ããããããããå
¬éãããæ ç»ã¯ãã¡ããã®ããšãäºåç·šããã§ããŠããªãæ ç»ããŸã èæ¬ããã§ããŠããªãäŒç»æ®µéã®æ ç»ãŸã§ã売ã蟌ã¿ã«åºãã売買ãããããã®ããŒã±ããã§ã©ãã ãå
ã«ãããæ ç»ãäºæž¬ãè²·ãåãã®ãããã€ã€ãŒã®è
ã®èŠãæã§ãããã
ãªããåç§°ã®é¡äŒŒããã«ã³ãäžçæ ç»ç¥(Cannes World Film Festival)ãšã¯å¥ã®æ ç»ç¥ã§ããã
ç£ç£é±éãšæ¹è©å®¶é±éã«äžŠã¶ãã«ã³ãæ ç»ç¥ã®3ã€ã®äžŠè¡éšéã®ãã¡ã®ã²ãšã€ãèžè¡çäœåãæ¯æŽããããã«æ ç»äœå®¶ãã¡ãåµèšãããã€ã³ãã£ãã³ãã³ãæ ç»æ®ååäŒ(ACID)ããäœåéžå®ã»éå¶ã1993幎ã«åµèšãã«ã³ãã§ã¯ãäžçã®å
éçãª9äœåã玹ä»ãç¶ããŠããéèŠãªéšéã
æé«è³ã¯ãã«ã ã»ããŒã«(Palme d'Or)ãšåŒã°ããããããŒãããã20æ¬ååŸã®æ ç»äœåã®äžããéžã°ãããäºæ¬ä»¥äžã®äœåãéžã°ãã幎ããããåœåã¯æé«è³ããã°ã©ã³ããªã(Grand Prix du Festival International du Filmãåœéæ ç»ç¥ã®ã°ã©ã³ããª)ãšããŠãããã1955幎ã«ãããã£ãŒã®åœ¢ã«ã¡ãªãã ããã«ã ã»ããŒã«ã(é»éã®ã·ã¥ã)ãæ£åŒåç§°ãšãããã°ã©ã³ããªããšãåŒã°ãã圢ãšããã1965å¹Žã«æé«è³ã®æ£åŒåç§°ããã°ã©ã³ããªãã«æ»ããã1975幎ã«å床ããã«ã ã»ããŒã«ããšããŠãããé·ããã«ã³ãã«ãããŠã¯ãã°ã©ã³ããªããšã¯æé«è³ã®æ£åŒåç§°ãããã¯å¥åã§ãã£ããã1990幎ã«å¯©æ»å¡ç¹å¥è³('Grand Prix Spécial du Jury')ã«ãã°ã©ã³ããªãã®åãäžããããããšãšãªããæ··ä¹±ãæããŠããã
幎床å¥ã«é¢ããŠã¯Category:ã«ã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥ãåç
§ã
1960幎ã«ã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³éšéãç¬ç«ãããã¢ãã·ãŒåœéã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³æ ç»ç¥ãèšç«ããããã®ãããé·å¹Žã«æž¡ãååãšããŠã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³äœåã¯ããããŒããããªãã£ãããè¿å¹Žããããæä»£ã®å€åãåããåŸã
ã«ããããŒãã詊ã¿å§ããŠããã
1930幎代åŸåããã¡ã·ã¹ãæ¿åºã®ä»å
¥ãåãæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«æ¿æ²»è²ã匷ãããŽã§ããã£ã¢åœéæ ç»ç¥ã«å¯Ÿæããããããã©ã³ã¹æ¿åºã®æŽå©ãåããŠéå¬ãããããšã«ãªã£ãã®ãã«ã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥ã§ããã1939幎ããéå¬ã®äºå®ã ã£ãããåœæ¥ã«ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåçºã®ããäžæ¢ãçµæŠåŸã®1946å¹Žã«æ£åŒã«éå§ãããããšã«ãªã£ãã
ããã1948幎ãã1950幎ãŸã§ãäºç®ã®é¢ä¿ã§éå¬ãããã1951幎ã«åã³éå¬ããã®é ãããã¬ã»ãã»ãã§ã¹ãã£ãã«ãäŒå ŽãšããŠäœ¿çšãããŠããã
1968幎ã«ã¯äºæé©åœãèµ·ãããã«ã€ã»ãã«ããã©ã³ãœã¯ã»ããªã¥ãã©ãŒãã¯ããŒãã»ããªããžã£ã³=ã¬ããªãšã«ã»ã¢ã«ãã³ãã³ãã¯ããŒãã»ã«ã«ãŒã·ã¥ãããã³ã»ãã©ã³ã¹ããŒããžã£ã³=ãªã¥ãã¯ã»ãŽããŒã«ãªã©ã®èŠè«ã«ãããæ ç»ç¥ãäžæããããšããäºæ
ãèµ·ãã£ã(1968幎ã®ã«ã³ãæ ç»ç¥(ãã©ã³ã¹èªç))ã
2020å¹Žã¯æ°åã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®æææ¡å€§ãåããéå¬ãå»¶æãããããŸããã«ã ã»ããŒã«ãªã©ã®éžèãäžæ¢ã
äŒé·è·ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹æ ç»ç£æ¥ãšæåã»éä¿¡çãå€åçãè°äŒã®ä»£è¡šè
ã§æ§æããããã©ã³ã¹åœéæ ç»ç¥åäŒã«ãã£ãŠéžåºãããã 2014幎ã«ã¯34å¹Žéæ ç»ç¥ã®éå¶ã«æºãã£ãŠãããžã«ã»ãžã£ã³ã(ãã©ã³ã¹èªç)äŒé·ãåŒéããããšãŒã«ã»ã¬ã¹ãã¥ãŒã«(ãã©ã³ã¹èªç)ãæ°äŒé·ãšãªã£ãŠããã
æ ç»ç¥ã®ã¡ã€ã³ã®éå¶è³éã¯ãåå以äžãæåã»éä¿¡ç管èœã®ãã©ã³ã¹åœç«æ ç»ã»ã³ã¿ãŒ(ãã©ã³ã¹èªç)(CNC)ããèè³ãããŠããããã©ã³ã¹ã§ã¯æåç¹äŸå¶åºŠãšåŒã°ããæ ç»æ¯èæ¿çãåãããŠãããã©ã³ã¹åœå
ã§å
¬éãããæ ç»ã¯å
¥å Žæã®10.72%ãç¹å¥è¿œå çšãšããŠå·®ãåŒãããæŽã«ãããªå¶äœäŒç€Ÿããã¬ãäºæ¥è
ããã®çšåãCNCãè¡ãå©ææŽ»åã®è³éãšãªãããã®ããæ ç»ç¥ã«åºåãããæ ç»ã¯ãæåç¹äŸå¶åºŠãéµå®ããŠããå¿
èŠãããããã©ã³ã¹åœå
ã§ã®å
¬éã矩åä»ããããäžã«ãäžè¬å
¬éæ¥åŸã®ã¡ãã£ã¢åãåç»é
ä¿¡ã®éã«èŠå®ã®ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ãå®ããªãå Žåã«ã¯åºåãèªããããªãã2017幎ã«ã¯Netflixãäžè¬å
¬éãããéå®å
¬éåŸã«éããªãåç»é
ä¿¡ãè¡ã£ããã2018幎ããã®åºåãèªããããªããªã£ãŠããã
2007幎ã«éå¬60åèšå¿µãšããŠãæ ç»ãããããã®ã·ãããã«ã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥60åèšå¿µè£œäœæ ç»ãããæ ç»ç¥å
¬åŒã§è£œäœãäžæ ãããããããããã®ã·ãããã¯æ ç»ç¥ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒããžã«ã»ãžã£ã³ãã®åŒã³ããã«ãããæ ç»ç¥ã«ãããã®ããç£ç£ãã¡ãããããã®ãæ ç»é€šããžã®æ³ãã3åéã§ã€ã¥ã£ããªã ããã¹æ ç»ãåå ç£ç£ã¯ä»¥äžã®éã(()å
ã¯äž»ãªäœå)ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8C%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E7%A5%AD
|
8,146 |
ãŽã§ããã£ã¢åœéæ ç»ç¥
|
ãŽã§ããã£ã¢åœéæ ç»ç¥(ãŽã§ããã£ã¢ããããããããããMostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica)ã¯ãã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®ãŽã§ããã£ã¢ã§æ¯å¹Ž8ææ«ãã9æåæ¬ã«éå¬ãããæ ç»ç¥ã§ãããã«ã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥ããã«ãªã³åœéæ ç»ç¥ãšäžŠãã§äžå€§æ ç»ç¥ã®ã²ãšã€ãšãããäžçã®æ ç»ç¥ã§æãé·ãæŽå²ããã€ã
æãæŽå²ã®å€ãåœéçŸè¡å±ã§ãããŽã§ããã£ã¢ã»ããšã³ããŒã¬ã®ç¬¬18å(1932幎8æ6æ¥)ã®éã«ãæ ç»éšéãšããŠéå§ããããåœéæ ç»ç¥ãšããŠã¯æåãšããããããååã®æåªç§è³ã¯èŠ³å®¢ã®æç¥šã§æ±ºããããã1934幎ãã1942幎ãŸã§ã¯ãæé«è³ããã ããœãªãŒãè³ãã§ãã£ããç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠã®ããã«1940幎ãã1942幎ã¯åå äœåãæ¿æžãããæŠåŸãäœè¿·ããŠããäžã1950幎代ã«å€ãã®æ¥æ¬æ ç»ãäžçã«ç޹ä»ããã
1979幎ãã1982幎ã«ã«ã«ãã»ãªããã¡ãŒãããã£ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒãåããéã«ãçŸåšã®ããã°ã©ã æ§æã«ç¹ããããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãè¡ãããå床èå
ãæµŽã³ãããšãšãªã£ããé·ããããŒã±ããéšéãæãã忥ãããèžè¡ã®æ ç»ç¥ãšããŠç¶ããŠãããã2002幎ã«ããŒã±ãããèšãããããªã©ã忥æ ç»ã®æ¯éã¯æ¬¡ç¬¬ã«é«ãŸã£ãŠããã
2006å¹Žã®æ ç»ç¥ã¯ãåœéæ ç»è£œäœè
é£ç (FIAPF) å
¬èªã®åœéæ ç»ç¥ã®ãã¡ãäžæ äœåæ°ã§ç¬¬41äœ(115æ¬)ãæ¥å Žè
æ°ã§ã¯ç¬¬10äœ(174,000人)ã§ãã£ãã
æ ç»æ¹è©å®¶é£çããã³ã¯ã©ããæåå£äœãªã©ãå
¬åŒè³ããã¯ç¬ç«ããŠæäžããäœåè³ã»ç£ç£è³ãªã©ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8D%E3%83%84%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E7%A5%AD
|
8,147 |
æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³
|
æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³(ã«ã£ãœãã¢ã«ãããŒããããè±: Japan Academy Film Prize)ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®æ ç»è³ãäž»å¬ã¯æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³åäŒã§ãç±³åœã®æ ç»èžè¡ç§åŠã¢ã«ãããŒããæ£åŒãªèš±è«ŸãåŸãŠçºè¶³ã1978幎(æå53幎)4æ6æ¥ããæ¯å¹Žå¬ãããŠããã
ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãšåæ§ã®éå¶æ¹åŒãå·ãããæ ç»ç£æ¥ã®ããäžå±€ã®çºå±ãšæ¯èãããã«ã¯æ ç»çã«æºãã人ã
ã®èŠªçŠã®æ©äŒãäœãäºããäž»æšãšãããæ ç»äººã®åµæãçµéããæ¥æ¬æ ç»çã«ãã£ãŠæé«ã®æš©åšãšæ èªãæã€è³ã«è²æããããšãã念é ã«åµèšãããã
ãããŸã§ã®æ ç»è³ããæ ç»è©è«å®¶ãæ°èãéèªèšè
ãªã©ãžã£ãŒããªã¹ãã«ããå€éšã®æ±ºå®ã«å¯Ÿããå®éã«æ¥æ¬ã®æ ç»è£œäœã«åŸäºããæ ç»äººãäŒå¡ãšãªããäŒå¡ã®æç¥šã«ããããã®å¹ŽåºŠã®æ¥çžŸã®åªããäœåã»æ ç»äººãéžåºã衚地ããæ ç»äººã«ããæ ç»äººã®ããã®è³ã§ããã
æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³åäŒã®äŒå¡æ°ã¯åœåã¯800åã«æºããªãã£ããšããããã幎ã
å¢å ã1987幎ã«çŽ3,700åã1992幎ã«çŽ5,000åã«ãªã£ããšããããããã®åŸã¯æžå°ã2007幎床ã§çŽ4,300åã2011幎床ã§3,991åã2019幎床ã¯3,959åã§ãããäŒå¡ã®è³æ Œã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®æ ç»äºæ¥ã«çŸåšãå«ã3幎以äžåŸäºããŠããããšãåæã§ãéå¶ã»å®è¡å§å¡äŒãŸãã¯è³å©æ³äººããæšèŠããèªããããè
ãšãªããå
èš³ã¯æ±å®ãæ±æ ãæŸç«¹ã®éŠç»äžå€§ã¡ãžã£ãŒã«KADOKAWAãå ããå€§ææ ç»è£œäœé
絊äŒç€Ÿ(æ¥æ¬æ ç»è£œäœè
é£çãä»¥äžæ é£)4瀟ã®ç€Ÿå¡ãšã俳åª/ãããŒãžã£ãŒãç£ç£ãæ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒãããã«æ ç»é¢é£äŒæ¥ããããã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢ä¿ããã¬ãå±ãåºç瀟ãªã©ã®è³å©æ³äººã®ç€Ÿå¡ãªã©ãå«ã¿ããã®äžã«ã¯å£°åªäºåæã®éäºãããã¯ã·ã§ã³ãæ åé
ä¿¡ãµãŒãã¹Netflixãªã©ãåãé£ããŠããã2019幎ã®äŒå¡æ°3,959人ã®ãã¡ãæ±å®(298人)ã»æŸç«¹(298人)ã»æ±æ (281人)ã®ç€Ÿå¡ãèš877人ã§å
šäœã®22%ãå ãã(KADOKAWA133人)ããã®ãã倧æ3瀟ã®äœåãæå©ãšããããããŸã§ã床ã
ç©è°ãéžãããããããæ¬æ ç»è³ã®ç¹åŸŽãšãããã(詳现ã¯åŸè¿°)ã
åæã®äŒå¡æ§æã«ã€ããŠã¯è³æããªãããåãããªããã補äœå§å¡äŒæ¹åŒã®å€ãçŸç¶ã«ããã仿¥ã§ã¯å¿
ãããæ ç»ã®çŸå Žã«æºãã£ãŠããªãäŒå¡ãååšãããšãããã
éå¶è²»ã®äž»èŠè²¡æºã¯ãåäŒäŒå¡ã®å¹ŽäŒè²»ã§ãããã第1åã¯å€§èµ€åã§ãã®åŸãèµ€åãç¶ãããå®éã«äŒå¡ã®å¹ŽäŒè²»ã§æŠãè³ããããã«ãªã£ãã®ã¯äŒå¡æ°ãçŽ5,000åã«ãªã£ã第15å蟺ãããã§ãæ±äº¬éå¬ãªãéå¬è²»çšã¯äžååååŸãšããããããã2019幎ã®äŒå¡æ°çŽ4,000åã ãšå¹ŽäŒè²»2äžåã ãã§ã¯æè³åŒã«ãããè²»çšã ãã§ãè³ããªãããšã«ãªãã京éœã§åéå¬ãšãªã£ããã®ç¬¬15åã§ã¯ã京éœåºãšäº¬éœåžã§èš2,000äžåã®ååãããã京éœã«çžã®æ·±ãæ±æ ãšæŸç«¹ãåã³é»éã§äº¬éœè²¡çã«æãåããææ¡å ãã¯ã³ãŒã«ããªã ãã³ãªã©ããçŽ6,000äžåãéããé¢é£ã€ãã³ããšããŠäœµå¬ããäº¬éœæ ç»ãŸã€ããšåããç·é¡2å5,000äžåã®è²»çšãããã£ãã2020å¹Žä»æ¥ã®éå¶è²»ã¯ãæè³åŒå
¥å Žæãäžçªå€§ããããã®ä»ãäŒå¡ã®äŒè²»ãè³å©æ³äººã®äŒè²»ãåè³äŒæ¥ããã¬ããã©ãžãªã®æŸæ æãšããã
å
¬åŒãµã€ãã§ã¯ãèšç«ã«ãããã仿¥åºæµ·(æååºå代é·å®ã»æåååŽè
)ãåèªäŒé·ã«å°±ä»»ãå代äŒé·ã¯å€§è°·éäž(æŸç«¹ç€Ÿé·)ãåãã岡ç°è(æ±æ 瀟é·)ãé¢ä¿è
ãæ ç»åçã®å¹
åºãè³åã»åå ãåŸãããšã«å¥èµ°ãåµèšããããšããŠããããã¬ãã®äžç¶ãè¡ãæ¥æ¬ãã¬ãã®ãããããããDON!ãã¯ã2010幎4æ6æ¥æŸéã®ããããã¯äœã®æ¥ãã®ã³ãŒããŒã§æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãåãäžããåè³ã¯ãæ ç»ã®æªæ¥ãæã奮ãç«ã£ã岡ç°èãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã«äžŠã¶æš©åšããè³ãæ¥æ¬ã§ãåµèšããããšãèãã岡ç°ãšå
±ã«é»éã®å
¥æ±éäž ãåµèšã«å°œåããããšç޹ä»ããããæ ç»æå ±ãã¯ãæè¬¡çã«ã¯ãã¬ããšãžã§ã€ã³ããã倧ããªã€ãã³ãã幟ã€ãããããæ ç»çã«ã¯ãã§ã¹ãã£ãã«çãªå€§ããªå¬ãããªãããããããã®ã欲ããããšèããŠãã岡ç°ã«ãé»éã話ãæã¡æããåµèšã決ãŸã£ããšæžãããã¹ããŒããããã³ã¯å²¡ç°ãåµèšã«å°œåãããšããŠãããæ±å®ã®å å
寊äžã¯1995å¹Žã®æ ç»èªã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã§ã岡ç°èããã第äžåããçŽ10幎ã»ã©æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒåäŒã®äŒé·ããããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã1993幎ã第38åãæ ç»ã®æ¥ãã§å²¡ç°èãæ ç»ç£æ¥å£äœé£åäŒããç¹å¥ååŽå€§ç« ãåè³ããéãåè³ã®ååŽçç±ãšããŠãæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãæ±äº¬åœéæ ç»ç¥ã®åµèšããæèšãããããã®å瞟ãç§°ãã2007幎ããã岡ç°èè³ããèšããããŠããã
æ ç»è©è«å®¶ã®æ°ŽéæŽéã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãçºæ¡ããããšèªèº«ã§ã話ããäžéšã®ãµã€ãã«ãæ°Žéãæ ç»ã®çŽ æŽããããããã«çãäžããç¥å
žãšããŠæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãçºæ¡ããæŸç«¹ã»æ±å®ã»æ±æ ã®ããããæ¥æ¬ãã¬ãã®ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒãžæã¡æããŠæºåãé²ããéäžããé»éãä»åãããšã«ãªããæ°Žéã¯äŒå¡ãšããŠæç¥šããã ãã®ç«å Žãšãªã£ãããªã©ãšæžããããã®ãããããããå
¬åŒãµã€ãã¯å¿è«ã第äžè
ããæ°Žéãçºæ¡ãããšãã蚌èšã¯ãªããæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã¯æ°Žéã®ãããªæ ç»è©è«å®¶ããžã£ãŒããªã¹ãããªãããããããšãæåãã念é ã«çœ®ããŠãããæ°Žéãæ ç»è©è«å®¶ããªãããããè³ãçºæ¡ãããšã¯èãã«ããããšãããæ°Žéã®çºæ¡ã𿥿¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãç¹ããã®ãã¯åãããªãããŸãæ°Žéã¯æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³åµèšã®æç¹ã§ã¯ããŸã æ ç»ã®å®å¶äœã«é¢ãã£ãããšããªããå
¬åŒãµã€ãå
ã®ãæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³æŠèŠ åäŒäŒå¡è³æ Œãã§ã¯ããžã£ãŒããªã¹ãã¯äŒå¡ã®è³æ Œããªããæ ç»è©è«å®¶ã¯éå¶å§å¡åã¯å®è¡å§å¡ã®æšèŠç¶ãå¿
èŠã ã£ããã2019幎床äŒå¡æå±å
èš³ããèŠãŠããžã£ãŒããªã¹ãã¯äŒå¡ã«ããªããæ°Žéã¯æ ç»è©è«å®¶ã«ãªãåã¯ãæ¥æ¬ãŠãã€ãã®ç€Ÿå¡ã§ãå瀟ã¯å€åœæ ç»ã®é
絊äŒç€Ÿã§æ ç»ã®å®å¶äœãããäŒç€Ÿã§ã¯ãªãããããããäŒå¡ã«ãªãããã«ã¯å€åœæ ç»èŒžå
¥é
絊åäŒã®æšèŠãå¿
èŠã ã£ããæ°Žéãæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã®äŒå¡ã ã£ããã«ã€ããŠãåãããªããå
¬åŒãµã€ãã®ãå
¬åŒãã³ãã¬ããã§æ¯ãè¿ãåè³åŒãã®ã第äžååäŒæŠèŠãã«ãæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³åäŒåœ¹å¡ãšããããŒãå§å¡ã®èšèŒãããã(ããããæ¬å ±ã1978幎3æäžæ¬å·ã«ãèšèŒãã)ããã®äžã«ãžã£ãŒããªã¹ãã®ååã¯ãªããåœç¶æ°Žéã®ååããªãã
第1åã¯æ¥æ¬ãã¬ãã§ã®äžç¶ã決ãŸã£ãããåµèšã¯é»éãšæ é£ãäžå¿ã«é²ãããããã®ã§ãæ¥æ¬ãã¬ãã¯ã€ãã·ã¢ãã£ããå·ã£ãŠã¯ããªãã£ãããã®ããä»ç€Ÿå°å±ã¿ãããªã¹ã¿ãŒã¯æ¥æ¬ãã¬ãã«åºãããšã«é£è²ã瀺ããã·ã§ãŒåœ¢åŒã®ã·ããªãªãåºæ¥ãã第1åæŸéã¯æ ¹åããå
åã§ãªããŸãŸæŸéãããã岡ç°èã¯ã第9åã®ãšããæ¥æ¬ãã¬ã以å€ã®ãã¬ãå±ãããŠãã§æŸéãããŠãããšç³ãåºããã£ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœã®ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãæš¡ããæç°ŸåããšããŠèšç«ãããçŽ4ãæéã§ç¬¬1åéå¬ã«ããã€ããã
京éœåžæ°æ ç»ç¥ã¯ãæ ç»äºæ
ã諞ç©äŸ¡ã®é«éš°ãªã©ã®çç±ã§ã1977幎éãã§äžæ¢ã決ãŸã£ããã®ã§ãæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã®åµèšãšã¯é¢ä¿ããªãã
第1åã¯äŒå¡ãåè³ãéžèãããšã¯ãããªã圢ã§è¡ããããå
¬åŒãµã€ãã®ãå
¬åŒãã³ãã¬ããã§æ¯ãè¿ãåè³åŒãã®ã第äžååäŒæŠèŠãã«ããããŒãå§å¡ãšããŠ60人ã®èšèŒããããã第1åã¯äœåè³ä»ãå
šéšã§10éšéã§ããã®10éšéã®åã
5äœå(åã¯5人)ãããããŒãå§å¡ãèšåæç¥šã«ããéžãã ããã®åã
5äœå(åã¯5人)ãåªç§è³ãšãªããåªç§è³ã®äžããæåªç§è³1äœå(åã¯1人)ãåäŒäŒå¡ã®æç¥šã§æ±ºå®ããããã®åäŒäŒå¡ã®æ°åã¯åµèšåã®æç®ã«12,000äººãšæžãããŠãããã®ãããããå
¬åŒãµã€ãã§ã¯1,200人ã1997幎ã®ç¬¬20åããæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³åäŒäŒé·ãåããé«å²©æ·¡ããåµèšåœæã¯äŒå¡ã¯800äººã«æºããªãã£ãããšè©±ããŠããã12,000人ãšããæ¡å€ãã®æ°åã¯èª€ããšèŠããããå
¬åŒãµã€ãã«æžãããã第2åç®ã1,058åã§ã第1åã¯æºåæéãã»ãšãã©ãªãã£ãããšããã800人ããããã«å°ãªãã£ããããããªããå
¬åŒãµã€ãã«æžãããã第2åç®ããã¯ãäŒå¡(1058å)ã«ããæç¥šããããªãããæåã©ããæ ç»äººãéžã¶æ ç»è³ãšãªã...第4åããã¯äžæ¬¡éžèãäŒå¡å
šå¡ã®æç¥šã«ãã£ãŠãããªãããäºãšãªã...ãã®æå³ã¯ã第2åç®ããäžæ¬¡éžèãäŒå¡å
šå¡ã®æç¥šã«ãã£ãŠãããªã£ãã®ãã第4åããäžæ¬¡éžèãäŒå¡å
šå¡ã®æç¥šã«ãã£ãŠãããªã£ãã®ãåããããããããã¥ãã«ããŠã第1å以éã«ããããŒãäœå(åªç§è³)ãåäŒå
šäŒå¡ãéžåºããããšã«ãªã£ããšããããšã§ããããŸã§ã¯äŒå¡ãããããŒãäœå以å€ãèšèŒãããšæç¥šã¯ç¡å¹ãšããæå³ã§ããããããããŸã§ã¯äŒå¡ã§ã¯ãªãããããŒãå§å¡ãè³ãéžåºãããšãããã®ããç¥ããªãã
1977幎11æ15æ¥ãé»éãããšèŠããããæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãåµèšåæ¡ãæ é£ã«å°çããã1977幎11æ24æ¥ãæ é£ã®å®äŸçäºäŒã«ãããŠããããŠããç«æ¡ã§ãã£ããæ¥æ¬æ ç»èžè¡ç§åŠã¢ã«ãããŒ(仮称)ãã®èšç«ã«ã€ããŠåè°ããèšç«ã®è¶£æšã«ã€ããŠãæºå ŽäžèŽã§è³æããããã¢ã¡ãªã«æ ç»çã®äžå€§ã€ãã³ããšåæ§ã®ãæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ããèšããæ¥æ¬æ ç»çã®å¹Žäžæå€§è¡äºãšããŠå®æœããããšããç³ãåããããã£ããäžååè¿ããããã§ããããšèŠãããéå¶è²»ã¯ãæ¬æ¥ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¢ã«ãããŒåæ§ãåäŒäŒå¡ã®äŒè²»ã§è³ããªããã°ãªããªãã£ãããæºåäžè¶³ã§äŒå¡ãäœäººããã®ããäŒè²»ãããããªãããã®ãçãææ¡ä»åããã第1åã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«åŒã¯ç¡çã§ãè²ã
ãªã¹ãã³ãµãŒã«é ŒãããšèããŠããããé»éãéå¶è²»ã«ã€ããŠã¯è²¬ä»»ãæã€ãšäºã£ãããããã«ä¹ãããšã«ãªã£ãã宿œæ¹æ³ãææãªã©ã®å
·äœçãªåé¡ã¯ãæºåå§å¡é·ã»å€§è°·éäžæ é£äŒé·ãå¯å§å¡é·ã»å²¡ç°èæ±æ 瀟é·ãäžå¿ã«ãæ é£å ç4瀟(åœæã¯æ±å®ãæŸç«¹ãæ±æ ãæ¥æŽ») ããã補äœã»å®£äŒéšéãããã®ãã®äžåã¥ã€ã®å§å¡ãéžåºããæ©æ¥ã«æºåå§å¡äŒãèšç«ãæ€èšãå§ãããšæ±ºå®ããã1977幎12æ1æ¥ã«æºåå§å¡äŒãäŒåãéãã1978幎æ¥ã«ã第äžåã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãã宿œããæ¹åã§åé¡ãèšè°ããã
1977幎12æ15æ¥ãæ é£ã®å®äŸçäºäŒã«ãããŠã1978幎3æäžæ¬ã®ç¬¬1åéå¬ãç®æšã«è«žæºåãé²ããŠãããšå ±åãããã1978幎1æ16æ¥ãæ ç»é¢ä¿å£äœãæ¥æ¬æ ç»ç£ç£åäŒãæ¥æ¬ã·ããªãªäœå®¶åäŒãæ¥æ¬æ ç»ãã¬ããããã¥ãŒãµãŒåäŒãæ ç»ãã¬ãæè¡åäŒãæ¥æ¬æ ç»æ®åœ±ç£ç£åäŒãæ¥æ¬æ ç»ç
§ææè¡è
åäŒãæ ç»ä¿³åªåäŒãæ¥æ¬æ ç»çŸè¡ç£ç£åäŒãç¬ç«æ ç»åäŒãå€åœæ ç»èŒžå
¥é
絊åäŒã®10å£äœã®ä»£è¡šã«ååèŠè«ãè¡ã£ããå
¬åŒãµã€ãã®ãå
¬åŒãã³ãã¬ããã§æ¯ãè¿ãåè³åŒãã®ç¬¬äžååäŒæŠèŠã«ãæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³åäŒç«ã¡äžãæã®åœ¹å¡ãšããããŒãå§å¡ã®èšèŒããããã¡ã³ããŒã¯æ é£å ç4瀟ã®å¹¹éšãäžèšæ ç»é¢ä¿å£äœ10瀟ã®å¹¹éšãã»ãšãã©ã§ããããããã®åŸãæºåå§å¡äŒãæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³åäŒã«çºå±æ¹çµãããã®ã¡ã³ããŒã圹å¡ãããããŒãå§å¡ã«åãé£ãããã®ãšèŠãããã
1978幎2æ8æ¥ãåžåœããã«ã§èšç«çºè¡šäŒèŠãè¡ããã1978幎4æ6æ¥ã«ã第äžåã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãã®çºè¡šæè³åŒãåžåœåå Žã§è¡ãããã®åŸåžåœããã«ã§èšå¿µæ©é€äŒãéããšçºè¡šããããåãããŠããã®æ¥ãå
š10éšéã®ããããŒã(åªç§è³)ãçºè¡šãããæåªç§è³ã®æçµéžèã¯å
šåäŒäŒå¡ã«ããèšåæç¥šã§ã1978幎3æ20æ¥ãã27æ¥ãŸã§ã®éµéã«ãã第äžè
æ©é¢ãéèšä¿ç®¡ãåœæ¥çºè¡šãããæè³åŒã¯æ¥æ¬ãã¬ãç³»å
šåœãããã§çäžç¶ãããåéšéã§ããããŒããåããæè³å¯Ÿè±¡è
ã¯4æ6æ¥ã®çºè¡šæè³åŒã«å
šå¡åºåžãäºå®ãæè³åŒã«ã¯ã«ãŒã¯ã»ãã°ã©ã¹ãã¢ã«ãããŒè³åäŒã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãæã£ãŠåºåžã(ããã¯ã»ãããœã³ã«å€æŽ)ãæ ç»çã«æºãã人ã
ã®èŠªçŠã®æ©äŒãäœããšãæè³åŒã¯é¢ä¿è
åžãé€ãæ ç»ãã¡ã³ã«ãææã§éæŸããå
¥å Žå売ãåžãéœå
ã®äž»èŠãã¬ã€ã¬ã€ããªã©ã§çºå£²ããçã宿œèŠé
ãéå¶æ¹åŒã®èª¬æããã£ãããã®æè³åŒã®å
¥å Žåžã3,000åããæé«1äžåã®èšåçš®é¡ãæ©é€äŒã¯äžåŸ4äžåã§ãã£ããããèè¡èãã·ãã·ããããªã©ãšæ¹å€ãããã
ãã®äŒèŠã§å²¡ç°èããäœãäœã§ããã§ã¹ãã£ãã«ã欲ãããæè¬¡çã«ã¯å€§ããªè³ãããããæ ç»çã«ã¯ãªããããããã°æ±äº¬æ ç»èšè
äŒã®äœãšããšããè³ã¯ãããããªã©ã𿱿 ãé
絊ããã人éã®èšŒæããäž»ããæ ç»è³ã§ç¡èŠãããããšã«è
¹ãç«ãŠãæ±äº¬æ ç»èšè
äŒã®æç¥šã§æ±ºãŸããã«ãŒãªãã³è³ãã³ã±ã«ããçºèšãããè©°ããããèšè
ãã¡ãåç¶ãšãããããŸããæ¢åã®æ ç»è³ãèšè
ãè©è«å®¶ãªã©ã®å€éšã®äººã«ããæ±ºå®ã ã£ãã®ã«å¯Ÿãããæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãã¯ãæ ç»äººã«ããæ ç»äººã®ããã®è³ãã§ã1,200äººã®æ ç»äººã®æç¥šã§åè³è
ãæ±ºãããã®æš¡æ§ã¯ãã¬ãã§å
šåœçäžç¶ãããããšæ ç»äººãäž»å¬è
ã§ãããšå説ããããžã£ãŒããªã¹ããé€ãè
ã«ããçºèšãè¡ã£ãããããæè³åŒã®ç¿æ¥ã®ã¹ããŒãæ°èã¯ããµã³ã±ã€ã¹ããŒãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ããã£ããããããç¥ãããæ¥åã¹ããŒãã¯4äžåã®äŒè²»ã®æ©é€äŒã®åºåžè
ãå»åž«ã財ç人ã倧åã§ã4äžåã®é£äºã¡ãã¥ãŒã詳ãã玹ä»ãããªã©ãããã¡ããã£ããããªèšäºãæžããé±åèªãªã©ãã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢ã®èšäºã奜æçã«æžãããã®ã¯ç¡ãã£ãã
æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã¯æ é£ãäžå¿ãšããæ ç»é¢ä¿å£äœãšé»éãšã§åµèšãããã®ã§ãã£ãããé»éãšæ¥æ¬ãã¬ããã€ãã·ã¢ãã£ããå·ã£ãŠãããªã©ãšæ¹å€ããããŸãçæéã§ã®éå¬ã§äžååè¿ãéå¶è²»ã®åºæãäžéæãªã©ãšããã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢ã«å©ããè©å€ãæªãã£ããããããäºæ
ã§ããªããªãè³ãåãåã£ãŠããããªãã±ãŒã¹ãããããéããªãéå¶ã«èŠåŽããã
åµèšã«åœããåœå
æå€§ã®æ ç»è³ãäœããšããæå³ã§ãåè¿°ã®ããã«ã¢ã«ãããŒè³åäŒæºåå§å¡äŒãçºè¶³ãããæ±æ ãæŸç«¹ãæ±å®ãªã©åæ ç»äŒç€Ÿãå§ããæ¥æ¬ã代衚ããæ ç»äººã«åå ãåŒã³æããããããåå ãæèšºããã黿Ÿ€æããé±åèªäžãªã©ã§ãã®ããŒãã³ã°ã«æ£ã
ã±ããä»ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ã¯æ ç»èžè¡ç§åŠã¢ã«ãããŒãšããçµç¹ããã£ãŠããããäžããè³ã ãããã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãªãã ããããªå®äœãç¡ãããã«ãäœãæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã ãé»éãæ¥æ¬ãã¬ãè³ãšã§ããã¹ãã ããããã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã®ç䌌äºã§ãã ããªãããããªè³ã«ã¯ããªãã®æš©åšããªãããå€§ææ ç»äŒç€Ÿæãã§ãæ ç»èžè¡ç§åŠäŒè°ããŒããã¡ã§äœã£ãŠåºçŽããããã¹ãããŸãå®è¡å§å¡äŒãçµç¹ããŠæ ç»ç ç©¶æã®èšç«ããå§ããã¹ãã§ãããã ãªã©ãšæ¹å€ããããã®é»æŸ€çºèšã«è
¹ãç«ãŠãæ é£äŒé·ã§æ±æ 瀟é·ã®å²¡ç°èãã黿Ÿ€ãªã©ãŠã(æ±æ )ã§ã¯æ ç»ã¯æ®ãããããšæ¹å€ãã黿Ÿ€ã¯æš©åšäž»çŸ©ã ããªã©ãšé»æŸ€ããã·ã³ã°ãèµ·ãã倧ããªéšåã«ãªã£ãããŸã黿Ÿ€ä»¥å€ãããéå¶æ¹åŒãæç¥šæ¹åŒãªã©ã§æ¹å€ãçžæ¬¡ããåæ°å€ªéãç³åè£æ¬¡éãªã©ç¬ç«ãããçããå®åè
ãæ¹å€ãªããç¡èŠããããããåãç¬ç«ãããçããäžè¹æéã¯ã幎äžåºŠã®ãç¥ããªãã ããåºåžããªãããããããšäœæ
ãååçã ã£ãã
åè³ã¯æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³åäŒäŒå¡ã®æç¥šã«ãããæ
åœéšéã®éžèããããã®ã ããåœååé¡ãšãªã£ãã®ã¯ä¿³åªéšéã®äŒå¡ã®æèãäœãããšã§ãããããŒãæç¥šã®æå¹çã¯å
šäœã§60%ãããã§ã俳åªäŒå¡ã25%ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ããã«ä¿³åªã®ãŠããªã³ã確ç«ããŠããªãããããå¿ãããŠæ ç»ã芳ãªãã®ããèªåãã¡ã§æ ç»ãè²ãŠãŠããããšããæèããªãããããäžæ¬ã§ãå€ãã®æ ç»ã芳ãŠãããããšããé
æ
®ã§ãäŒå¡ã¯å¹ŽäŒè²»(åœåã¯1äž5åå)ãæãã°ãäž»èŠæ ç»é€šã§æ ç»ãç¡æã§èгãããšãã§ããäŒå¡èšŒãäžããããŠããããäžã«ã¯ãã«ãæ ç»ã°ããèŠç¶ããåã®è
ãããã
第1åã¯æ¬å Žã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãæèãããã¬ãçäžç¶ãã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã®VTRãæµããç¿æ¥ã®æŸéã«ããã第1åæè³åŒã§ã¯ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã代衚ããŠããã¯ã»ãããœã³ããç§ãã¡ã®ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã¯åµèšåŸåäžçŽãçµãããã®éæè¡ã®ã¿ãªããæåãæè²ã«å€§ããå¯äžããŠããããæ¥æ¬ã«ãåãç®çã®åäŒãåºæ¥ãŠå€§å€ããããããªã©ãšç¥èŸãè¿°ã¹ããæè³åŒäŒå Žã«ã¯ããããŒããããæ ç»äººå
šå¡ãåºåžããåžäŒã¯å²¡ç°çæŸãšåŸ³å
å倫ãåããé«åå¥ãæž¥çŸæž
ãå倧路欣ä¹ãé·ã²ãã¿ãæéäžãæŠç°éç¢ãå·è°·æäžãè¥å±±å¯äžéããç·æ§ã¯ã¿ãã·ãŒãã§ã岩äžå¿éº»ãç§åä¹
çŸåã倧竹ãã®ã¶ãåè³åæµåãå±±å£çŸæµãæ¡äºãããã女æ§ã¯ç®ã®èŠãããããªçç©ãã€ããã³ã°ãã¬ã¹ã§ãããããŸããã¬ãŒã³ã¿ãŒã森ç¹ä¹
åœãäžè¹æéãå±±ç°äºåéŽã京ããåãé¶Žç°æµ©äºã䞹波å²éãåç°çŸæåãäºè°·è±æãæŸåæ
¶åãç°å®®äºéãç°äžå¥ãåžèåãåžå·å³å€ªè¡éããã©ã³ããŒå ºãäžæ©éä¹ãå
«åèè«ãäžåè¬ãå€å²å·è£çŸãäžäºè²Žæµãåããã¢ãã©ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ç³å浩äºãå°ææããç»å Žããããã»ã©ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãäžå ã«äŒããã®ã¯æ¥æ¬æ ç»å²äžåããŠãšããããããã ãã®å¹Žã¯åæ ç»è³ãšãã幞çŠã®é»è²ããã³ã«ãããäž»èŠéšéãç¬å ãããããäž»ããæ ç»è³ãçµãã£ãæåŸã®éå¬ã§ãŸãã幞çŠã®é»è²ããã³ã«ããã®åè³ç¬å ã§çãäžããããæ ç»è³ãšé¢ä¿ã®ãªãåç°ã¢ãåãã¯ã¬ã€ãžãŒãã£ãããæšã®å®ãããªã©ã®æŽŸæãªã·ã§ãŒããã°ã©ã ãéäžã«æã¿èŸŒãŸããããããå Žã«æ
£ããŠãªãæ ç»äººã¯é¢é£ãã£ãã
第1åã¯åè³åŒã®é²è¡ãæãæºåäžè¶³ãé²åãããæ¥å¹Žããããã®?ããšãã声ããã¹ã³ãããäžãããé·ãã¯æããªããšããèŠæ¹ããã£ãããã®ãã第1åã®å€§è°·éäžããåäŒäŒé·ã岡ç°èã«ä»£ããã岡ç°ã¯ãé»éè²ã匷ããããšããåçããããæ¬è³ã®äž»æšã«æ²¿ãçµç¹äœãããããçŽãããæ ç»çã«ãšã£ãŠã®æå€§ã®ã€ãã³ããäœãããšæ±è² ãè¿°ã¹ãã第1åã®èµ€å1,200 - 1,300äžåã¯ãé»éãšåæ ç»äŒç€Ÿã§è¢«ããšçºè¡šããããŸã第2åããåäŒå¯äŒé·ã«æ£®ç¹ä¹
åœãæåããã
第2åã§ã¯æåªç§é³æ¥œè³ãåè³ããæŠæºåŸ¹ãåè³äŒèŠã§é»æŸ€åæ§ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ãããããåãå«ãããšæ¹å€ããããã«ãæ®åœ±ãé²é³ãç
§æã广ãçŸè¡ãªã©ã®éèŠãªããŒããæè¡è³äžã€ã«æŒã蟌ãã§ãããå®éã®æ ç»äœãã«ãããŠãããã«çŸå Žã®äººãã¡ããªããããã«ããŠãããã®è±¡åŸŽããªã©ãšè£œäœåŽããã®ç¡è¶ãªä»äºã®çºæ³šãæ¹å€ããæ¥å¹Žã¯åºãªãããšè©±ãããæŠæºã®æ¹å€ãåããç¿å¹Žããã¯æè¡è³ãæ®åœ±è³ãç
§æè³ãçŸè¡è³ãé²é³è³ã«ç¬ç«ããè£æ¹çååšã ã£ãæè¡éšéã«ã¹ããããåœãŠãã
第3åã®åé æšæ¶ã§ã岡ç°èåäŒäŒé·ã¯ãæãåäŒã¯ããããã3æ³ã®å¹Œå
ã§ããããŸã ãŸã æ¬åœã®æå³ã§èªç«ã§ãããšãããŸã§æé·ã§ããŠããŸãããæ¥æ¬æ ç»ã«ã¯ãç¥ãããªããããã®ã§ãã®ç¥å
žã倧åã«ããŠããããããšè¿°ã¹ãããŸã森ç¹åäŒå¯äŒé·ã¯ããã®å¬ãã¯ãç¥ãã ãšæããåºããªããªãã§æ¥œããäŒã§ãã£ãŠæ¬²ããã圹è
ãšãããã®ã¯å¥³åªã¯35æ³ããããŸã§ãç·åªã¯40æ³ããããŸã§ã»ãã¯ã¹ã®å匷ãããŠèžã®æ¬çªãçºæ®ã§ããã®ã¯ããããã ãããšç¬ããæ±ãããææã¯ã矩çã§ç©ºèãªãã®ã ã£ãã第1åã®å²¡ç°çæŸã第2åã®å®ç°æã®ãããªçé¢ç®ãªåžäŒã§ã¯ãªããã·ã§ãŒçèŠçŽ ãé«ãããšããæåã§ã第3åããã¯å±±åæ°äŒãåžäŒãæ
åœãã¹ãã·ã£ã«ã²ã¹ãã«ã©ã¯ãšã«ã»ãŠã§ã«ããæããããããªãŠããã§æãè¡£è£
代ãå°ãªããŠãã女åªããšè©ããããŠã§ã«ãã¯ãæ¥æ¬äººã«ã¯ãšãŠãåºæ¥ãªãèžå
ã®Vãæ·±ã
ãšã«ãããããã°ã©ãã©ã¹ãªå§¿æ
ãåŠå¿ãªãã«èŠãã€ããåè³è
ã®ããã«ãã¬ãããšã®ãªãåšé¢šå ã
ãšããæ
åºŠãšæŽããããªãã®è¡šæ
ãããã·ã§ãŒã¢ããæå€§ã®ãã€ã³ãã§ãããšã¢ããŒã«ãããŠããããã ã£ããããããŠã§ã«ãã®ç»å Žã ãã¯ç±æ°ã垯ã³ãããå
šäœã«ã¯ç±æ°ã«ä¹ããç¥ãã®æã¯ãªãã£ããéäŒã®æšæ¶ã¯äžè¹æéãåããã
ãã®ç¬¬3åã§ã¯æåªç§äž»æŒå¥³åªè³ãšããŠæ¡äºããããæååè£ã«æãã£ãããæ¡äºãåè³ãæåŠãããšããåãæ©ãããæµãããããå
šåœäžç¶ã§åè³ãæåŠããã°äžå€§ãã¥ãŒã¹ã«ãªããšããããæåŸ
ãæè³åŒåœæ¥ã«ãã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢ã倧å¢äŒå Žã«æŒããããããã®äºæ³ã«åããŠæ¡äºã¯æè³åŒã«åºåžãæåªç§è³ãåãããå¬ããã§ãã以äžãã®äžèšã§å£äžããéãããèšè
äŒèŠã§ã¯ãç§ãè²°ããªããšããåãæµããŠãã®ãããè²°ãããšæã£ãŠããªãã£ããã©ãæ¥ãªãã£ããéšããããããããã€ã€ã§æ¥ããããããªã©ãšãè³ã«å¯Ÿãããªã¹ãã¯ã0ã®çºèšããããŸãåçºãè²·ã£ãã第6åã§ã¯åãæåªç§äž»æŒå¥³åªè³åè£ã ã£ãå€ç®é
åãšç°äžè£åããæ¡äºã¯ãååžã¯ãå
ãããšåãããŒãã«ã«çãããšãæåŠãããæŸåæ
¶åãšããã ããã¿ã«ããæ¡äºããã®é£ã¯ã€ã€ãæããã®ããªã©ãšåè£è
å
šå¡ããååžãæåŠãããããã®ç
œãã§æ¡äºã¯æè³åŒãæ¬ åžãåŸå³ãæªããã®ã«ãªã£ãã
倧ããªéšåã«ãªã£ãã®ã¯ç¬¬4åããã®å¹Žã®ææåã¯ã圱æŠè
ãã§ãã£ãããåµèšæããæ¬è³ã®æ¹å€ãç¹°ãè¿ããŠãã黿Ÿ€æãããããŒãã®çºè¡šåã«ã圱æŠè
ããéžè察象ã«ããªãããæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒåäŒã«ç³ãå
¥ããŠãããæ¬¡ãã§ã圱æŠè
ãã«é¢ä¿ãè³ã«ããããŒããããŠããå±±ïšåªã倧æ»ç§æ²»ãå調ããã¹ã¿ãããããã«ç¶ããã仲代éç¢ã¯ãäºçŸäžé«å°ããŸã§èŸéãã圢ããšã£ãã黿Ÿ€ã¯ãé±åãã¬ã€ããŒã€ãã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã§ããããŸæ¥æ¬æ ç»ã«ãšã£ãŠéèŠãªã®ã¯ç£ç£ãæ®åœ±ãã·ããªãªçã®åçš®å£äœãäžäžžãšãªãçµç¹ãå¿
èŠã ããããªãã®ããªãããã¢ã«ãããŒåäŒãªããŠãã«ãªãã®ãåºæ¥ããããã¯éãããã§ãã£ãŠããã®ã ããããªã©ãšæ¹ããŠæ¹å€ããããããåãã¢ã«ãããŒåäŒã¯å²¡ç°èäŒé·åã§é»æŸ€ã«è³ªåç¶ãçºéãã質åç¶ã«ãå··éãäŒãããããšããã«ãããšãããªãã¯ä»ã®åºæŒè
ãã¹ã¿ããã«å¯ŸããŠãèªåãšåãããã«ãã€ã³ãããããããã«åããããããšæžãããç®æããããããã«é»æŸ€ãã«ãã³ãšããŠ1981幎1æ12æ¥ã«æ±å®æ®åœ±æã§èšè
äŒèŠãéãã質åç¶ãå ±éé£ã«èŠãããäºãç©äŸ¿ã«æžãŸãããšæããããäºåã«ããããŒããèŸéãããšãã现ããé
æ
®ãããŠããã®ã«ããããããšãããã¡ãæããããåŸãªãã匷å¶ãããªããŠå
šãã®äºå®ç¡æ ¹ã ããªã©ãšçç«ã®åŠãæã£ãããããåãåãæ¥ã«å²¡ç°èãæè«äŒãéãããã®å Žã§ççãªé»æŸ€æ¹å€ãããäžãã黿Ÿ€ç£ç£çšã®å·šå ã«ãªãã°ãèªåã¯ã²ããŠãä»ã®äººã«è³ãããã¹ãã ããã€ãŠã®å·šå ãäŸãã°ç°åå
·éã«ããŠãå
ç°å倢ã«ããŠãã¿ããªãããã粟ç¥ã§ã¹ã¿ããã圹è
ãè²ãŠãŠããã確ãã«æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãšããã®ã¯ãæ¥çã«ãšã£ãŠã¯äœã®ã¡ãªããããªãããã ãç¥ããããã ããªã®ã ããæ¥é ãã¹ãããã®åœãããªã人ãã¡ã«ã¹ããããåœãŠãŠäžããã®ãçãã§ãããã黿Ÿ€ç£ç£ã¯ã«ã³ãåœéæ ç»ç¥ã§ã°ã©ã³ããªãåããäžççãªåèªãäžããããŠãããã ãããæ¥æ¬ã§ãåãããã«åããŠããããšæãã黿Ÿ€ç£ç£ãèŸéããã°ãé¢ä¿è
ãèŸéããã®ã¯ç®ã«èŠããŠããããšã§ãããå°ãèããŠæ¬²ããããšè©±ããããããæ¬å ±ã¯å²¡ç°ãæè·ããæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã¯æ¬¡ç¬¬ã«å€±ããã€ã€ããæ ç»ãžã®é¢å¿åºŠãå°ãã§ãå埩ããã®ãçãã黿Ÿ€ç£ç£ãæ ç»äººã®äžäººãªã®ã ãããä»ã®äººãã¡ãšäžç·ã«ãã©ããããçãäžããããèããç«å Žã«ããã¹ã人ãã岡ç°ãããšé»æŸ€ããã¯çµ¶å¯Ÿã«åããªããšæããäžæ¹ã¯ããç¥ãã§ããããäžæ¹ã¯ããç¥ãéšãã ãã§çµå§ãæš©åšããªãããšèšãã®ã ããèãæ¹ãæ ¹æ¬çã«éããã§ãã ãã黿Ÿ€ç£ç£ãèŸéããŠããç¥ãã¯åºæ¥ããã ãããã®æ°æã¡ãæã£ãŠè¡åããæ¹ãããããªã©ãšè©ãããåã®ççžã¯ãæ°å¹Žæ©ã
ã黿²¢æç£ç£VSæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³åäŒã®ç¢ºå·ã«ã¯ããããããããããããããããããã1978å¹Žã«æŒããæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãªãå¶åºŠã®çºè¶³ãã®ãã®ãã芳客äžåšã«ããŠåéã®ã¿ã«ãã£ãŠæç«ããŠããã€ã«ã¬ã¯ãã"ãç¥ã"ã«ããããããšãã£ãŠãä»ãã"æš©åš"ãæã¡åºã黿²¢ã®åè¿ä»£çãªã»ã³ã¹ã«ã¯å€±ç¬ãçŠãåŸãªãããã®ãããæ ç»çäžå±€éšã«åèšããé²äžäººãã¡ã®æ³¥ä»åã«èŸæããšæ¹å€ãããç°äžå幞åäŒå¯äŒé·ãã岡ç°ã»é»æŸ€äŒè«ãç»çãããã忥ã«ãªã£ãŠé»æŸ€åŽããã質åç¶ã®å
容ã«å¯ŸããŠã®äŒèŠã¯åºæ¥ãªãããããªããã®åã«ããããšè©±ãåã£ãŠããããšåçãããåãæ¢ãã«ãªãããã®ãŸãŸé»æŸ€éšåã¯æã¡åããããæåªç§äœåè³ã¯éŽæšæž
é ç£ç£ã®ããã£ãŽã€ãã«ã¯ã€ãŒã³ããç¬ç«ç³»æ ç»ãšããŠåããŠåè³ã
第4åæè³åŒã§åžäŒãåãã山忰äŒããã¬ãçäžç¶ã§ã圱æŠè
ããå
šå¡ããããŒãèŸéããã黿Ÿ€ãæ¹å€ãããå±±åã¯å®ã¯é»æŸ€æ ç»ã®ãã¡ã³ã§ãå±±åã芪ããåæ°å€ªéãšé»æŸ€ã³ã³ãã«ããã圱æŠè
ããžã®æåŸ
ãèšãäžãã£ãŠãããããåãéæ¿ããã黿Ÿ€æ¹å€ã«è³ã£ãŠããŸã£ãããšããŸãã黿Ÿ€æ¹å€ããã¬ãã§èšããããããšããããšã§å
ãã«èŠèŽçãå¢ãããšããããšãTVãå©çšããæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãšç§°ãããã®ãåç¶ããŠããæ¹æ³ãèŠèŽçã3%ã5%ã ã£ããããã«æã¡åãã§ããã ãã黿Ÿ€ãããã¿ãŒã²ããã«ãã£ãããªã©ãšçºèšã®çæãè¿°ã¹ããç°å±±ååã¯ãæ¥æ¬(äžç)æ ç»å²äžã«éããªãè²¢ç®ãããå
茩ã«å¯ŸããŠããããçœéŠ¬ç«¥åã®çœå¡ããã³ãã©äºæç®äžãããå£äžãããã¬ãäžç¶ãéããŠãææ
çã«é»æŸ€ãæªãããŸã«èšããªã©èš±ãããã®ãããšæ¿æããã
黿Ÿ€ã¯ãããã10幎åŸã®ç¬¬14åã倢ãã§åªç§äœåè³ãšåªç§ç£ç£è³ã«ããããŒãããä»åºŠã¯å諟ããæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ããã£ãšé»æŸ€ããèªç¥ãããæ Œå¥œã«ãªã£ãã岡ç°èã¯ç¬¬10åéå¬ã®éã«ãããæ¬å ±ã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã§ã第9åã®ãšããæ¥æ¬ãã¬ã以å€ã®ãã¬ãå±ãããŠãã§æŸéãããŠãããšç³ãåºããã£ãããããŸã§æ¥ãã®ã«è²ã
ãªããšããã£ããã©ãä»ã®æ¥æ¬ã®ã¡ãžã£ãŒäŒç€Ÿããã£ã¡ãã¹ã¯ã©ã ãçµã倧ããªåœ¹å²ãæãããŠãããã ãã ããä»ã§ã¯å俳åªããã«æ¥ãŠããã£ãŠèšã£ãŠæã人ã¯ããªããåã¯éäžããããŸãé
·ãæã«ãæ¥ãããªã人ã¯åŒã¶ãªããè³ãããããããªã人ã«ã¯ãããªããšèšã£ãããšããããã ãã§ãããã¯äœãšèšã£ãŠã黿Ÿ€ç£ç£ã®"æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãã€ã³ããäºä»¶"ã倧ããã£ããããã¯æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã象城çã«æŒãäžããéšåã¯ãã£ãããåãã¹ã³ããåãäžããŠãããŠã黿Ÿ€ããã«ãäžçããé¢ããã£ãããè²ããªé¢ã§è¯ãã£ãããããªãããšæãããªã©ãšè¿°ã¹ãã第4åã®ãšãã«é»æŸ€ã¯ããç¥ãéšãã®ãããªããšãããŠãæ ç»ã®å°äœã¯äžãããªããæ¿åºãåãããŠåœéæ ç»ç¥ãéãã¹ããæ ç»å
é²åœã§åœéæ ç»ç¥ããªãã®ã¯æ¥æ¬ã ãããšããæ¹å€ãããããçµå±ãã®åœéæ ç»ç¥ãéããªã岡ç°èãã®å°œåã§åµèšãããŠããã
第5åã§ã¯ãé£åèŠéãã§åªç§çŸè¡è³ãšåªç§é²é³è³ã«éžã°ããé¿ä¹
æ ¹å·ãšç¢é壿éãããç¥ãéšãã®è³ããšæ¹å€ããããããæåæãšäžå±±èäºãç¹°ãäžãåè³ããã
仲代éç¢ã¯1982幎ã®ã鬌éŸé¢è±åã®ç涯ãã§ç¬¬6ååªç§äž»æŒç·åªè³ãåè³ããŠåè³ãåãåãã仲代ã¯ãåã¯æ±æ ã«æ©çŸ©ããããŸãããããšè©±ãã黿Ÿ€ã¯éåžžã«èœèããŠãããšããããã
第1åãã第6åãŸã§ãæ±æ äœåã®æè³ãã»ãšãã©ãªãã1984幎ã®ç¬¬7åã§æ±æ ã®è£œäœé
絊æ ç»ããã£ããæåªç§è³ãç¬å ãããããæ±æ äŒå¡ã®æç¥šçšçŽã¯æ±æ äœåãå°å·ãããŠãã£ããªã©ã®åãç«ã£ãããŸã第7åã§ã¯è©±é¡è³ã§å€§å³¶æžãç¬(ã忥µç©èªã)ãšäžŠã°ãããšæ¹å€ãããã
1985幎ã®ç¬¬8åããããããç¹ã«å¥³åªãã¡ããã®é¢å¿ãæ·±ããªãããæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãåãããããšããææ¬²ãèãããããã«ãªã£ãã第14åã®çºè¡šæè³åŒã§æŸå²¡åçµç¹å®è¡å§å¡é·ããæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã¯14幎ç®ãè¿ãæ ç»äººãã©ãããŠã欲ãããšæãæš©åšããè³ã«è²ã£ãããšè©±ããã
1988幎ã®ç¬¬11åã§ã¯ããã«ãµã®å¥³ãã§æåªç§ç£ç£è³ãåè³ããäŒäž¹åäžããåè³ã¹ããŒãã§ãçãããæ ç»ã¯æ ç»é€šã®å€§ããªã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã§èгãŸãããããšåŒã³ããããããã«åžäŒã®æŠç°éç¢ãããã«ãµã®å¥³ãã§æåªç§äž»æŒç·åªè³ãç²åŸããå±±ïšåªãå調ãããåœæã¯ãTSUTAYAãããªãŒãã³ããé ã§ããæ ç»ã¯ãããªãåããŠãå®¶ã§èгãããšããã©ã€ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãçãŸããé ãæ ç»é¢ä¿è
ã¯æ©äŒããããšã«ãæ ç»é€šã«è¶³ãéã¶ããåŒã³ãããã
è³ã®éžåºã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³åäŒäŒå¡ã®æç¥šã«ãã£ãŠè¡ããããæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³åäŒã¯ãæ¥æ¬åœå
ã®æ ç»é¢ä¿è
ã«ãã£ãŠæ§æããããäŒå¡ã¯å¹ŽäŒè²»2äžåãæããäž»èŠãªæ ç»é€šã§æ ç»ãç¡æã§èгãããšãã§ããäŒå¡èšŒ(ããªãŒãã¹)ãäžããããŠãããäŒå¡ã¯2019幎(什åå
幎)æç¹ã§3,959åã§ããã
éžèã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªãäœåã¯ãæè³åŒã®åã
幎12æäžæ¬ããå幎12æäžæ¬ãŸã§ã®1幎éã«æ±äº¬å°åºã®åæ¥æ ç»åå Žã«ãŠææã§åå
¬éããã40å以äžã®æ°äœåå Žçšåæ ç»ããã³ã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³äœåã§ãåäžåå Žã§1æ¥3å以äžããã€2é±é以äžç¶ç¶ãäžæ ãããäœåãåæ¥äžæ ã§ãªãæ ç»ãé
ä¿¡éå®ã®äœåã¯éžèã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã§ãªãããã€ãŠã¯ãæè³åŒã®å幎ã®1æåãã12ææ«ãŸã§ã®1幎éã«å
¬éãããæ ç»ã察象ãšãããããããã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœã®ã¢ã«ãããŒè³æè³åŒã®é嬿¥ãã3æã»4æé ãã2æã»3æé ã«ç¹°ãäžãããããããæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³æè³åŒãé嬿æã3æã»4æé ãã2æã»3æé ã«æ©ããããã«äŒŽã察象ãšãªãäœåã®å
¬éæéã1ãæååãããåã
幎12æåããå幎11ææ«ãŸã§ã®1幎éãšãªã£ãã2013幎çºè¡šã®ç¬¬36åããã察象æéã12æäžæ¬é ãšå°ã
åŸãã«ããããããæäžãããè³ã¯æ£è³ã15éšéããããã®ä»ã«æ°äººä¿³åªè³ãªã©ããããæ£è³ã®åªç§è³ãšæ°äººä¿³åªè³ã¯ãæç¥š(åäŒå¡å
šå¡)ã«ããéžã°ãããã®ãã¡æ£è³ã«ã€ããŠã¯åªç§è³åè³ã®äžããæåªç§è³ãæç¥š(åäŒå¡å
šå¡)ã«ããéžã°ãã(æ°äººä¿³åªè³ã¯ç·å¥³å2 - 5åãéžã³æåªç§è³ã¯éžã°ãªã)ãåŸç¥šæ°ã¯å
¬è¡šãããªããæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã¯æ¥æ¬åœå
ã®ä»ã®å€ãã®æ ç»è³ãšã¯ç°ãªããäœåè³ã»ç£ç£è³ã»èæ¬è³ã»ä¿³åªè³ã®ã¿ãªããæè¡éšéè³ãèšããŠããã2007幎ããã¯æ¬å®¶ã®ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãã¢ãã¡éšéãåµèšããããšã«å£ããç¬ç«éšéãšããŠã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³äœåè³ãæ°èšãããã
åè³ã¯ä»¥äžã®éã(2015幎çŸåš)ãæ£è³ã«ã¯åœ«å»å®¶æµæ¿ä¹ãã¶ã€ã³ã«ããããã³ãºå(ãããã£ãŒ)ãèŽããããæåªç§è³ããã³ãºãšåªç§è³ããã³ãºãããæµæ¿ä¹å¶äœã®ãæ ç»ç¥åããå
ã«ãªã£ããã¶ã€ã³ã§ããããã®åã¯ææ¥œçºããªãªã³9FãããŒã«æä¹
å±ç€ºããæè³åŒæã«ã¹ããŒãžã«èšçœ®ãããããã®ã»ãæ£è³ããã³ãã®ä»ã®è³ã«å¯Ÿãè³ç¶ãè³éãèŽããã(æ£è³å人è³12éšéã«æåªç§è³30äžåã»åªç§è³20äžåãæ°äººä¿³åªè³ã»åäŒç¹å¥è³ã»å²¡ç°èè³10äžå)ã
æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã¯ãæ ç»æ¥çèªèº«ãéžåºããæ ç»è³ãšããŠã®ç¹å¥ã®æçŸ©ãæã€ãšåæã«ãã¹ã¿ããéšéè³ãèšããŠããæ ç»è³ãšããŠã®åžå°æ§ãæããŠãããæ¥æ¬åœå
ã®æ ç»è³ã®äžã§ã¯æ°ããç«ã¡äžããããæ ç»è³ã ãããã©ã€ã ã¿ã€ã ã«ãã¬ãå°äžæ³¢ã§å
šåœçäžç¶ã§æŸéãããå¯äžã®æ ç»è³ã§ããããå幎äžå¹Žéã«æŽ»èºãã俳åªãç£ç£ããã¬ã¹ã¢ãããäžå ã«äŒããåŒå
žã§ãæè³åŒã®å Žã§åããŠæåªç§è³ãå
¬è¡šããã€ãã³ãæ§ãæã¡ããããæ¯ããäž»å¬è
ã®æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³åäŒã®åœ±é¿åããã£ãŠãè¿å¹Žæ ç»æ¥çã«ãããŠãã®å°äœãåäžããã€ã€ããããããéžåºããæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³åäŒã¯ãæ ç»ç£ç£ã俳åªãšãã£ã人ã
ãå«ããã®ã®ãçŽ25%ãæ¥æ¬æ ç»è£œäœè
é£ç(æ é£)å çäŒç€Ÿãããªãã¡æŸç«¹ã»æ±å®ã»æ±æ ã»å€§æ (倧æ ã®è§£æ£åŸã¯è§å·æ ç»)ã®å€§æ4瀟ãšãã®ç³»åäŒæ¥ç€Ÿå¡ã«ããæ§æãããŠããããã®ããåªç§è³ãéžã¶æç¹ã§äžèš4瀟ã®è£œäœãããã¯é
絊ããäœåãæå©ã«ãªããä»ã®æ ç»äŒç€Ÿã®é
絊äœåãéžã°ãããã£ã³ã¹ãäœããšãããŠãããç«ã¡äžãæã«åµç«ã¡ã³ããŒãšããŠåŒã°ãããšããå±±æ¬æä¹ã¯ãããŸã倧è³ãäºç€Ÿæã¡åãã§ãšèšããã¬ãã«ãªããããšèšŒèšããŠããããã®ä»¶ã«ã€ããŠå²¡ç°è£ä»äŒé·ã¯ãããªãŒã®äŒå¡ãå€ãã倧æãå ããŠããã®ã¯ããã®ãã¡æ°%ãã ãã倧æã§ã倧ããªåœ±é¿åã¯æã£ãŠããªãããšè¿°ã¹ãããæ°%ã®çºèšã¯èª€ãã§ããã
幎霢局ãæå±å
ã®åã£ãçŽ3900人ã®ã¢ã«ãããŒäŒå¡ããäž»èŠãªäœåã®å
šãŠãå
¬å¹³ãªèŠç¹ã§èгè³ããã®ã¯å°é£ã§ãããããããå°æ°ã®éžèå§å¡ã«ããå¯©æ»æ¹åŒã®æ ç»è³ãšéããå€ãã®ã¢ã«ãããŒäŒå¡ãæããæ¥æ¬æ ç»è£œäœè
é£ç(æ é£)å çäŒç€Ÿã§ãã倧æ4瀟ãé
絊ããæ ç»ãèŽå±ãããåéšéã®æçµçãªè©äŸ¡ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ãé«ãããã£ãŠå通系å
¬éãªã©ã®å°èŠæš¡äžæ ã®äœåããäŸãå£ã³ãã§å
¬éèŠæš¡ã倧ãããªã£ããšããŠã倧æã§ã¯ãªãé
絊äŒç€Ÿãäžå¿ãšãªã£ãŠé¢ãã£ãŠããäœåã¯åéšéã®éžèã«ãããŠäžéã匷ããããããšã«ãªããå ããŠãéå»ã®å®çžŸã ãã倧ãããèªç¥åºŠã®é«ãç£ç£ããã®äœåãããã«é¢ãã俳åªãéšéã¹ã¿ãããã«å¯ŸããŠæš©åšäž»çŸ©çã«åè³çµæãåéããå ããŠç€ŸäŒåé¡ãç¹ã«æ¹è©æ§ã®ç¡ããŸãŸæ°ãããªãæš¡ç¯çãªææ³ã§åãæ±ããããªãæ ç»ãã¡ã³ããã®æ¯æãå°ãªãæ§åŒãªäœé¢šã®äœåãåéšéè³ã倿°ç²åŸããæ§ãªåéåŸåããããåŒå®³ãšããŠãããã£ãè³ã¬ãŒã¹ã®åºæºã«äœé¢šãåãããäœåãå¢ããããšã§æ ç»æ¥çã®æ°ããæèœã詊ã¿ãè©äŸ¡ãããå ŽãçããŠãããªã©ãæ ç»è³ãšããŠã®åé¡ç¹ã¯å€ããšãããŠããã
ãŸãã女åªã®æš¹æšåžæã¯æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã«ãããèªãã®åè³ã¹ããŒãã®éã«ãæ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãæ©ãæ¬åœã«æš©åšã®ããè³ã«ãªã£ãŠã»ããããšæã«ç®èã蟌ããã³ã¡ã³ããåºããŠããã
黿Ÿ€æç£ç£ã¯ç¬¬4å(1981幎(æå56幎))ãã圱æŠè
ãã§ã®åè³ããæš©åšã®ãªãè³ã¯èªããããªãããšããŠèŸéããåäœåã®åºæŒä¿³åªãéšéã¹ã¿ããããã®æåãå°éããŠå
šå¡ããããŒããèŸéããã
æ¬å®¶ã§ããç±³åœã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãšã®äž»ãªéããšããŠãããªãªãžãã«èæ¬è³ããšãèè²è³(æ¢åã®åäœã䜿ã£ãèæ¬)ãããé·ç·šã¢ãã¡è³ããšãçç·šã¢ãã¡è³ãã®ãããªçްããåºåãããããŠããªãããŸããããã¥ã¡ã³ã¿ãªãŒæ ç»ã¯å¯Ÿè±¡å€ãšãªã£ãŠããã
äŒå Žã¯1998幎以éãæ±äº¬éœæž¯åºé«èŒªã®ã°ã©ã³ãããªã³ã¹ããã«æ°é«èŒªåœé通ãããŒã«ãæäŸãšãªã£ãŠããããã®æè³åŒã®å
¥å Žãã±ããã¯äžè¬å®¢ã«ã販売ããã2014幎æç¹ã§ã¯ãæè³åŒåŸã®æ ç»ã«ã¡ãªãã ã¡ãã¥ãŒã®ãã©ã³ã¹æçã³ãŒã¹ãã£ããŒãå«ã4äžåã®æéã§ãã£ããã2022幎ã®ç¬¬45åã§ã¯ãã£ããŒã宿œãããªãæ¿ããã«ãäŒå Žããã«ã®ãã±ãã(ç³»åããã«ã§äœ¿çšã§ããåååž)ãæž¡ããã圢ã«ãªã£ãã芳客ã«ã¯ã»ããã©ãŒãã«ã§ã®æ¥å Žãæ±ããããå°åŠç以äžã¯å
¥å Žäžå¯ãšãªã£ãŠããã
ç·æ§åžäŒè
ã¯é¢å£å®ã1998幎(å¹³æ10幎)ãã2009幎(å¹³æ21幎)ãŸã§é·ãåããŠããã女æ§åžäŒè
ã¯1999幎(å¹³æ11幎)以éãåå¹Žã®æåªç§äž»æŒå¥³åªè³åè³è
ãåããŠããã
ã¹ããŒãžäžã§ãšã¹ã³ãŒã圹ãªã©ãåããæè³åŒã®ã¢ã·ã¹ã¿ã³ãã¯ãæ¥ãã¬ã€ãã³ãã«æå±ããæ¥ãã¬ã€ãã³ã³(æ¥æ¬ãã¬ãã€ãã³ãã³ã³ãããªã³)ãæ
åœããŠããã
æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã¯ãæŸæ æš©ãæããæ¥æ¬ãã¬ãã第1å(1978幎(æå53幎))ããäžè²«ããŠãã®æš¡æ§ãäžç¶ããŠãããåœåã¯å°äžæ³¢ã§çäžç¶ããŠãããããã®åŸãé²ç»ãšçæŸéã®çµã¿åããã«ããæŸéãšãªã£ãŠããã第3å(1980幎(æå55幎))ã®ããªãŒã«ãã€ããããã³è©±é¡è³ãã®èšç«åŸã¯ãããªãŒã«ãã€ããããã³ã(ãããã³æŸé)ãç¹å¥çªçµãçµãã§æè³åŒã®æš¡æ§ãæ·±å€ã«é²é³ã§äžç¶ããŠãã(第34åãã第40åãšç¬¬42åã¯ããªãŒã«ãã€ããããã³GOLDãæ ã§æŸé)ã
æ¥æ¬ãã¬ã(å°äžæ³¢)ã§ã®æŸéã¯ç¬¬1åã¯1978幎4æ6æ¥ã«ããæšæã¹ãã·ã£ã«ããæ æ¡å€§ãã19:00-20:54ã®äžç¶ã第2åã¯1979幎4æ7æ¥ 19:30-20:54æ ã«æ°èšããããåæã¹ãã·ã£ã«ã(ãåæãããã¹ãã·ã£ã«ãã®å身)ã§ã®äžç¶ã第3åã¯1980幎3æ29æ¥ã§åæ ã§ã®æŸéã第4åãã2æéå¬ã«ç¹°ãäžããããæšæã¹ãã·ã£ã«ãæ ã§æŸé(第8åãŸã§ã¯90åã第9åããã¯120åã«æ¡å€§)ã第12åãã3æéå¬ã§ãéæããŒãã·ã§ãŒã(21:00-22:54)ç¹å¥äŒç»ãšããŠæŸéã第17åãã6幎æ¯ãã«ãæšæã¹ãã·ã£ã«ã(ãã ã19:00ã®ã远跡ããäŒæ¢ããŠ19:00-20:54)æ ã第18åããåæ 21:30-23:24(ãåæã°ã©ã³ãåå ŽããšãTHEå€ããããã¬ãã®äž¡æ ãåãåã£ãŠã®æŸéã第20åã¯21:20-23:24)ãšãªããªã©æ²æãçµãŠã第21å以éã¯ããçªçµ(21:00-21:03)åŸã®ãéæããŒãã·ã§ãŒâéæããŒãSHOW!âéæããŒãã·ã§ãŒã(21:03-22:54)æ ãåãåã£ãŠã®æŸéã«èœã¡çããŠãã(ãã®ææã¯ãéæããŒãã·ã§ãŒãæ±ãã¯ãããªã)ã
äž»èŠéšéé¢é£ã®æå€åè³è
ã¯ãäž»æŒã婿Œäž¡æ¹ã§åœ¹æåºåžãæš¹æšåžæãäœè€æµ©åžãå±±ïšåªããããã4åãäž»æŒè³ã®ã¿ã§é«åå¥ãšåæ°žå°çŸåã§ãããã4åã婿Œè³ã®ã¿ã§ç«¹äžçŽäººãäœè²ŽçŸåã黿šè¯ã®3åããŸããåç°çŸæåãæž¡èŸºè¬ãé·æŸ€ãŸãã¿ãæ¬æšé
åŒãå®è€ãµã¯ã©ã劻倫æšè¡ãäž»æŒã婿Œäž¡æ¹åãããããã3åã
ç£ç£è³ã®æå€åè³è
ã¯3åã§å±±ç°æŽæ¬¡ãæ·±äœæ¬£äºã仿æå¹³ãæ¯æè£åã®4åã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E8%B3%9E
|
8,148 |
ãã«ãŒãªãã³è³ (æ ç»)
|
ãã«ãŒãªãã³è³(ãã«ãŒãªãã³ããã)ã¯ã1950幎(æå25幎)ã«åµèšãããæ¥æ¬ã®æ ç»è³ã§ããã
çŸåšã®äž»å¬ã¯ãæ±äº¬ã®ã¹ããŒã7çŽ(ã¹ããŒãå ±ç¥ã»ãã€ãªãŒã¹ããŒãã»ãµã³ã±ã€ã¹ããŒãã»æ±äº¬äžæ¥ã¹ããŒãã»æ±äº¬ã¹ããŒãã»ã¹ããŒããããã³ã»æ¥åã¹ããŒã)ã®æ ç»æ
åœèšè
ã§æ§æããããæ±äº¬æ ç»èšè
äŒãããã«ãŒãªãã³è³ã¯å çå瀟ã®åè³ãšæ ç»äŒç€Ÿããã®è³å©éã«ãã£ãŠéå¶ãããäœåè³ã»å人è³èš8éšéã®è³ãæ¯å¹Ž1æã«çºè¡šã2æã«æè³åŒãè¡ãããã
1950幎(æå25幎)ãææ¥æ°èã®äºæ²¢æ·³(äºæ²¢çŽ)ããæ¯æ¥æ°èã®å²¡æ¬åãèªå£²æ°èã®è°·æéŠäžãã¯ãããšãããæ±äº¬æ ç»èšè
äŒãã®èšè
äŒå¡ã«åŒã³ããã1幎éã®æ ç»çãç·æ¬ããèšè
å士ã®ããããã®ææãè³ãšããŠäžã«åããšããŠãæ±äº¬æ ç»èšè
äŒè³ãã®åã§å§ãŸã£ããå¥èª¬ãšããŠãæ¥æ¬æ ç»æåè³ãã®åç§°ã§å§ãŸã£ããšããè³æãååšã1951幎3æ22æ¥ãæ±äº¬ã»ç¯å°ã«ãã£ãæ±äº¬åå Žã§ç¬¬1åæè³åŒãè¡ãããã第4åãã第7åãŸã§ã¯ãé座ã»äžŠæšåº§ãæè³åŒäŒå Žãšãªã£ãã
åœåã¯èšè
ã®èŠªçŠççµç¹ãšããŠå§ãŸã£ãæ±äº¬æ ç»èšè
äŒã ã£ãããæå€§æã«ã¯åšäº¬ã®æ¥åçŽã»é信瀟ã®å ç瀟ã¯17瀟ãäŒå¡æ°ã¯80人ãè¶
ãããŸã§ã«æé·ããèŠæš¡ã倧ãããªãã«ã€ããéžèã«å¯Ÿããèãæ¹ã«éããçããããã«ãªã£ãã倧è¡è³ã欲ããçŸç©ºã²ã°ããäºåéåããããšããåãåºãŸã£ãããšãããã«ã±ã«ãäžè¬çŽããã¹ããŒãæ°èèšè
ã®ç¥šæ°ãå€ãããšã«å¯ŸããäžæºãåŽåºãã1960幎(æå35幎)3æã«ã¯å€§ææ°è6瀟(èªå£²æ°èã»ææ¥æ°èã»æ¯æ¥æ°èã»ç£çµæ°èã»æ±äº¬æ°èã»æ¥æ¬çµæžæ°è)ããã³å
±åé信瀟ãè±éãããã«ãããã«ãŒãªãã³è³ã¯ç¬¬11å(1960幎床)ããã¹ããŒãçŽãäžå¿ã«ããæ°è瀟ã«ããäž»å¬ãšãªããçŸåšã«è³ã£ãŠããã
1967幎(æå42幎)ãæ°èèšè
ã審æ»å¡ãåããæ¥æ¬ã¬ã³ãŒã倧è³ã®ãé»ãé§ãã®åãæ°ã«ããæ°è瀟äžå±€éšãããè³è³ãåãåãç«å Žã«ãªããããªããèšè
äŒäž»å¬ã®è³ãèŸããããã«å³åœãã第17å(1966幎床)ãæåŸã«ãã«ãŒãªãã³è³ã¯äžæå»æ¢ãããäºãšãªãããŸããåè£ãã7瀟ãèšç«ããæ¥æ¬æ ç»èšè
äŒè³ãããã¢ããã³è³(æ±äº¬æŒåèšè
äŒ)ããã¯ã€ãããã³ãºè³(å°æ¹æ°èæ ç»èšè
äŒ)ãªã©ã®èšè
äŒè³ã1966幎床ã§äžæã«å»æ¢ãããŠããã
ããããè¥æèšè
ãäžå¿ã«åéãæã声ããããããã«ãªãã1973幎(æå48幎)ç§ã«ãã«ãŒãªãã³åŸ©æŽ»æºåå§å¡äŒãçºè¶³ããã1975幎床ã«åã¹ã¿ãŒããæãããã
æ¯å¹Ž1æ1æ¥ãã12æ31æ¥ãŸã§ã«ãéŠéœåã§å°åãããå
šäœåã察象ãšãã1æã«éžèãè¡ããããäœåãç£ç£ãäž»æŒç·å¥³åªã婿Œç·å¥³åªãæ°äºº(ç£ç£ãå«ã¿ãæ ç»ããã¥ãŒ2幎以å
ã察象)ãå€åœæ ç»ã®åéšéãããã幎ã«ãã£ãŠã¹ã¿ããè³ãç¹å¥è³ãéžã°ãããå幎æ«ãŸã§ã«èšè
äŒå¡å
šå¡ã«ããæç¥šã§éžã°ããããããŒãã®äžãããéžèäŒã§åè°ã®ã®ã¡æç¥šã§éåæ°ãåŸãäœåã»äººã«è³ãèŽããããéžèã«ããã£ãŠã¯ãæŒæã ãã§ãªããæ ç»ã«å¯Ÿããå§¿å¢ãäººæ Œã察象ãšããã
æè³åŒã¯2æã«è¡ãããåè³è
çºè¡šæã®åçŽã§ãæè³åŒãžã®èªè
æœéžç¡ææåŸ
ã®å¿åèŠé
ãæ²èŒãããããªãããæ ç»èšè
ã®æäœãã®è³ããæšæŠããããšããããã®éžèã ãã§ãªãæè³åŒäŒå Žã®èšå¶ãç
§æã»é³é¿ã芳客ã®èªå°ãšãã£ãè£æ¹ã®ä»äºãªã©ãå
šãŠåçŽã®æ ç»èšè
ãã¡ãè¡ã£ãŠããã
é²è¡åœ¹(åžäŒè
)ã¯ãå幎床ã«äž»æŒç·åªè³ãäž»æŒå¥³åªè³ãåè³ãã俳åªãæ
åœããã
ãããæ°åã³ããã®åœ±é¿ã§2020幎床ããéå¬ããŠããªãã
éå§åœåã¯äž»å¬è
ã®è²¡æ¿ãå³ããããåè³è
ãžã®è³åãç¹ã«ãªããè³ç¶ãéè²ã®ãªãã³ã§çµãã§æž¡ããããšããããã«ãŒãªãã³è³ããšåŒã°ããããã«ãªããã®ã¡ã«æ£åŒåç§°ã«ãªã£ããçŸåšãç¶ããã®éããªãã³ã«ã¯ãé空ã®äžã§åæããèšè
ãéžèããããšããæå³ã蟌ããããŠããããã®ä»ã«èšè
ã®è±¡åŸŽã§ãããã³ãè³åãšããåè³è
åå
¥ãã®ã¢ã³ãã©ã³ã®äžå¹Žç1æ¬ãèŽãããã
ãã®éžè©±ãåœè³ãæ¥æ¬æ ç»çã®æé«æ èªãšãããæ ¹æ ãšãããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%9C%E3%83%B3%E8%B3%9E_(%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB)
|
8,149 |
ãŽãŒã«ãã³ã°ããŒãè³
|
ãŽãŒã«ãã³ã°ããŒãè³(ãè±: Golden Globe Awards)ã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœã«ãããæ ç»ãšãã¬ããã©ãã«äžããããè³ãæ¯å¹Ž1æã«çºè¡šãããã¢ã«ãããŒè³ã®ååšæŠãšããŠã®æ³šç®åºŠãé«ãã
1943幎ã«ããªãŠããå€åœäººæ ç»èšè
åäŒ(HFPA)ã«ããåµèšãååäŒã®äŒå¡ã®æç¥šã§åè³è
ãæ±ºå®ããŠããã2008å¹Žã®æè³åŒã¯èæ¬å®¶ã«ããã¹ãã©ã€ãã®åœ±é¿ã§äžæ¢ãšãªã£ãã2012幎ã«è¡ããã第69åãŽãŒã«ãã³ã°ããŒãè³ããããŒãæ²ãèšå®ãããæ¥æ¬ã®ãã¥ãŒãžã·ã£ã³ã®YOSHIKIãäœæ²ããããŽãŒã«ãã³ã°ããŒãã®ããŒããã䜿çšãããŠããã
1æ1æ¥ãã12æ31æ¥ãŸã§ã«ããµã³ãŒã«ã¹å°åã§å
¬éãããæ ç»ã察象ã«ãªãã
1æ1æ¥ãã12æ31æ¥ã«æŸéããã³é
ä¿¡ãããçªçµã察象ã«ããããã ãæŸéã¯ãã©ã€ã ã¿ã€ã ã®çªçµã«éãã
ãã®ä»å€æ°ã
æ¬è³ã¯ããªãŠããå€åœäººæ ç»ç ç©¶åäŒ(HFPA)ã®äŒå¡ã®æç¥šã«ããéžå®ãããã2021幎2æçŸåšãHFPAã®ã¡ã³ããŒã¯87人ãããããã®87人ã®äžã«é»äººäŒå¡ãäžäººãããªãããšãããµã³ãŒã«ã¹ã»ã¿ã€ã ãºãå ±ãããæ¹å€ãéãŸãããŽãŒã«ãã³ã°ããŒãè³ã¯ãé»äººäŒå¡ã«å ããä»ã®éå°è©äŸ¡ãããŠããèæ¯ãæã€äŒå¡ãåå ããå¿
èŠãããããšã¯çè§£ããŠããããããã®ç®æšãã§ããã ãæ©ãéæãããããçŽã¡ã«åãçµã¿ãŸãããšå£°æãçºè¡šããããã®åŸãHFPAäŒé·ã®ãã£ãªããã»ããŒã¯ããã©ãã¯ã»ã©ã€ãŽãºã»ãã¿ãŒéåã«ã€ããŠããææªå£äœããšåœ¢å®¹ããé»åã¡ãŒã«ã転éããŠããããšã倿ããèŸä»»ã«è¿œã蟌ãŸããã
æŽã«äžéšã®ä¿³åªã«å¯ŸããŠãHFPAäŒå¡ããæ§å·®å¥çãªè³ªåãåããŠããããšã倿ããã
ããããåããŠãã¯ãŒããŒã¡ãã£ã¢ãNetflixãªã©ãæ¬è³é¢é£ã®ã€ãã³ãã«åå ããªãããšã衚æããã»ããæ¬è³ã®æè³åŒãæŸéããŠããNBCãã¬ãã2022幎ã®äžç¶ãè¡ããªãããšã2021幎5æ10æ¥ã«çºè¡šããããŸããéå»ã®åè³è
ãæè°ã®æå¿ã瀺ãããã«ãããã£ãŒãHFPAæ¬éšã«éãè¿ãããšå幎5æã«çŸå°ã¡ãã£ã¢ããå ±ããããŠããã
ãªã2023幎1æ10æ¥ã«è¡ããã第80åæè³åŒã¯ãã¯ãŒããŒã¡ãã£ã¢ãNetflixããã€ã³ãããè¡ãããNBCãäžç¶æŸéãPeacockãé
ä¿¡ããã
ããµã³ãŒã«ã¹ã»ã¿ã€ã ãºã¯2021幎5æããã©ãã®æ®åœ±çŸå Žãžã®èŠå¯ã§äžéšã®äŒå¡ã宿æ³è²»çšãHFPAãè² æ
ãããšããééçæ©æµãåããŠããããšãå ±ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E8%B3%9E
|
8,150 |
æ ç»è©è«
|
æ ç»è©è«(ãããã²ãããããè±èª:film criticism)ãšã¯ãæ ç»ãåæããè©è«(æ¹è©)ããäºã
ãã£ã¢ã·ãŒã»ã³ãŒãªã¬ã³ã¯ãæ ç»æ¹è©(The Movie Review )ãšçè«çãªãšãã»ã€(The Theoretical Essay )ãšããçšèªãçšããŠã次ã®ããã«èª¬æããŠãããæ ç»æ¹è©(The Movie Review )ã¯ãäžè¬ã«ããç¥ãããŠããæ ç»åæã®äžã€ã§ãéåžžãã§ããã ãå€ãã®èг客ããæ ç»ã«ã€ããŠç¹å¥ãªç¥èãæããªãèªã¿æã察象ãšãªãã察ããŠãç¹å®ã®æ ç»ããæ ç»å²ãåã³æ ç»ã«é¢ããæç®ãªã©ã®å€ãã®ç¥èããã€èªè
ã«å¯ŸããŠãæ ç»ã®è¡šçŸã«ã€ããŠäœãä»ã®æ ç»ãšéãã®ãããŸãä»ã®èžè¡ãšã®å
±éç¹ã䞻匵ããŠããã倧ããè€éãªæ§é ãšããã®çè§£æ¹æ³ãæããã«ããããšãç®æããŠããã®ãçè«çãªãšãã»ã€(The Theoretical Essay )ã ãšããã
æ¥æ¬ã®ãã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢ã«ãããŠã¯ãå°è±¡æ¹è©çãªæç« ãæ ç»è©è«ãšããŠæ±ãããŠããäºããã°ãã°èŠåããããããå®éãææ³æãæ¹å€ã§ã¯ãªããæ ç»ãã©ãè©è«ããŠãããã¯ããªãã®ä¿®ç·Žãå¿
èŠãšããããåºæ¬ã¯æ°å€ãã®æ ç»ãæ³šææ·±ãéè³ããäºã«å§ãŸãããããããå
ã®æ¹æ³è«ãšãªããšãå€çš®å€æ§ã§ãããã第äžèžè¡ãã§ããæ ç»ã¯æèžè©è«ãçŸåŠãšãéããæ å(åç»)ãé³å£°ãå«ããç·åçãªè©è«ãå¿
èŠã ããäžé¢çãªæãæ¹ããã®è©è«ãæµè¡ããŠããè©è«ã®æµçšãåãªãæ¹å€ã§çµãã£ãŠããããšãããã
æ ç»è©è«ã®æŽå²ã¯ãµã€ã¬ã³ãåæã«ãŸã§é¡ãããšãŒãããã§ã¯ãã®é ããæ ç»ãçŸåŠçèå¯ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãã人ã
ããããè©©äººã§æ ç»èæ¬ãæžãããã©ã»ãã©ãŒãžã¥ãçŸåŠè
ã«ãã«ãã»ã¢ã«ã³ãã€ã ãªã©ãåºããããããå°ãé
ããããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ä»æå€ªå¹³ããã®åŸåã®ä»£è¡šè
ã§ãããç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåã®ãã®æ®µéã§ã¯ãæ ç»åŠãšæ ç»è©è«ã¯çŸåšã»ã©å€§ããåé¢ããŠããèš³ã§ã¯ãªããããæ£ç¢ºã«èšãã°ãåŠåãšããŠã®ãæ ç»åŠãã¯å
¬åŒã«ã¯ååšãããä»åéã®ç ç©¶è
ãåšéã®ç ç©¶è
ãæ ç»è©è«å®¶ãå
Œããéšåã倧ããã£ãããšãããããããã®æ ç»çŸåŠçèæžã®æ°ã
ã¯ãçŸåšã«è³ããŸã§æ ç»åŠã«ãããæ ç»çè«ã®æéèŠæç®ãšèŠãªãããŠããã
çŸåšã®æ ç»è©è«ã«æã倧ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããã®ã¯ã1950幎代åŸåãã1960幎代åé ã«ãããŠã®ãã©ã³ã¹ã«çŸãããäœå®¶äž»çŸ©ããšããèãæ¹ã§ãããæ ç»ç£ç£ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ãã«ã»ã¢ã¹ããªã¥ãã¯ã®ãã«ã¡ã©äžå¹Žçè«ãã«å§ãŸããè©è«å®¶ã¢ã³ãã¬ã»ãã¶ã³ãããã代衚ããããã®èãã«ããã°ãæ ç»ã¯ç£ç£ãèæ¬å®¶ã®ææ³ãäœçŸãããäœåãã§ãããããã¯ãšã€ãŒã³ã·ã¥ãã€ã³ã®æ ç»ã§ãã£ãŠããããã³ãã¯ã®æ ç»ã§ãã£ãŠãåãããšã§ããããã以åã«ããæ ç»ãç£ç£ãèæ¬å®¶ã®ãäœåããšããŠæããèŠæ¹ããªãã£ãèš³ã§ã¯ãªããããäœå®¶äž»çŸ©ãã¯ããŒãŽã§ã«ã»ãŽã¡ãŒã°ãšããåµäœäžã®éåãçã¿åºãããããšé£åããŠããããã«ãåœå€ãžã®åœ±é¿åã倧ããã£ãããäœå®¶äž»çŸ©ãçãªç«å Žããã¯å³å¯ãªè©è«ã®æ¹æ³è«ã¯çãŸãããããã®äºæµéã¯åå§çãªå°è±¡è©è«ã«éè¡ããã
1960幎代åã°ä»¥éããã®ååãšããŠåã
ã®æ ç»ã®äŸ¡å€å€æãããªãæ ç»èšå·åŠãšããæ¹æ³è«ãæ ç»åŠçãåžå·»ããããšã«ãªã£ããèšèªåŠçã¢ãã«ã«æ¯ãããããã®æ¹æ³è«ã¯è©è«ãšã®å
±éç¹ãã»ãšãã©æã£ãŠããããæ ç»åŠãåŠåãšããŠæç«ãããããšã¯ã§ããŠããæ ç»è©è«ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããããšã¯ã§ããªãã£ãã1970幎代ã«å
¥ãã粟ç¥åæåŠçæ ç»èšå·åŠã®åºçŸã¯äºæ
ãæŽã«çŽç³Ÿããããããã«è³ã£ãŠæ¹æ³è«ã®å³å¯ããã倱ãããæ ç»åŠã¯ãŸããŸãèžå£ºåããããã§ãããæ ç»è©è«ãšæ ç»åŠã®äžå¹žãªåé¢ãããããããã®ç¶æ³ã¯ã1980幎代ãŸã§ç¶ãã
1980幎代以éãæ ç»åŠã®äžã§ãåã
ã®äœåã®æå³ãäœè
(ç£ç£)ã®æå³ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãšãé¢é£ä»ããªãããåæã»è§£éããŠããåããèŠããããæ ç»ç ç©¶ãžã®ç©èªè«(ãã©ãããžãŒ)ã®å¿çšããã¹ãã¢ãããºã çãªçŸä»£ã®æåç¶æ³ã«ããããã€ããªãã®ãŒè£
眮ããšããŠã®æ ç»ã®ç ç©¶ããå¿
ç¶çã«ãã®ãããªåããããããããšèšããããäž»ã«è±èªåã§è¡ããããããã®ç ç©¶ã®ææã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®æ ç»è©è«ã«ã¯ååã«åæ ãããŠããªããäžæ¹ã§ãååœã§æ ç»å²çãªç ç©¶ãè©è«å®¶ã«ãã£ãŠç²Ÿåçã«è¡ãããŠãããæ ç»å²ã¯å³å¯ãªæ¹æ³è«ãèŠæ±ããªãã£ãããã§ããã
æ ç»è©è«ã«æ¹æ³è«ãå¿
èŠãã©ãããšããåé¡ã¯ãè©è«å®¶ã®è¯å¿ãèšè¿°ã®å®¢èгæ§ãšæå¿«ããäœååæã®å³å¯ããæ±ãããã©ãããšããåé¡ã§ããããè©è«å®¶ãæ ç»æåã®æ
ãæãšããŠã®ç€ŸäŒç責任ãæããããã«ã¯ãèªãã«ãã®ãããªæåŸã課ãããšãå¿
èŠã§ãããããã®æå³ã§ãç¬¬äºæ¬¡å€§æŠä»¥åã®å€å
žçãªæ ç»çè«å®¶éã«åŠã¶ã¹ãäºã¯å€ãã
æ§æ
äŸç¶ã®è©è«ãå€ãã£ããããããªããŒããã¬ãŒã¶ãŒãã£ã¹ã¯ãDVDãBlu-ray Discãªã©ã®èšé²ã¡ãã£ã¢ã®åºçŸã«ãã£ãŠãããå€ãã®äººãè©è«ã§ããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããç°å¢ãæ ç»è©ãµã€ããæããäŸãã°ãããžã£ãŒã»ã€ãŒããŒãã®ããã«ãããäžã«è©è«ãåºããŠããå°éå®¶ãåºãŠãããäžã«ã¯æ ç»é€šã§èŠãªãã§è©è«ãã人ãå¢ããŠãããåæã«ããRotten Tomatoesãã®ããã«éå£ã§è©è«ãããããéèšããããšãå¯èœã«ãªã£ãŠããã
äœãæããã©ã³ãœã¯ã»ããªã¥ãã©ãŒã®ãããæ ç»ã®ç©èªã(ãè¯æ°451ãæ®åœ±æ¥èš)ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®å€ããããªã¥ãã©ãŒãšã¢ã«ãã¬ããã»ãããã³ãã¯ã®ã宿¬ æ ç»è¡ããäŒäž¹åäžã®ãããè¬åŒãæ¥èšããå€ãã®ã¡ã€ãã³ã°æ ç»ãªã©ã®ããã«æ®åœ±ã®æ¹æ³è«ã«ã€ããŠæããã«ããããšãå¢ããŠããã
äœãæåŽã®æèŠãšããŠã¯ããæåã·ããªãªã2009幎8æå·ã«ãããŠåèªä»£è¡šè
ã§ããæµŠåŽæµ©å¯ŠãèšåããŠãããæ ç»è©è«å®¶ã»ç³äžäžç»å¿ã®ããã¹ããªãã¬ãžã³ãé£èŒèšäºã®æç« ã«ã€ããŠããæªæã«éå£ããææè©±ãé£ããèªãæ¹ãèµ€é¢ããäœãã®ããçç£ããªã(çç£ã§ããªã)æ¹è©å®¶ãªããã®ã¯æ²ãããèªåã§èªåã®åãå¹èŽããŠãã©ã€ããç¶æããã®ãããšæçœªããäžã§ããä»ãæ ç»æ¹è©å®¶ãã¡ã¯ãã飯ç²ã©ããããããŒãã«ããèœã¡ããã³ããã«çŸ€ãã£ãŠãããããªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããã?é£èºããããã ããæ¹è©ã®èªåŸæ§ãã»ãŒå®å
šã«å€±ãããŠãããããã«æããããšå³ããææãè¡ã£ãŠããã黿Ÿ€æã®å£çã¯ãäŒãããã¡ãã»ãŒãžããããªããçæ¿ã§ãäœã£ãŠç¹è¯è¡ãç·Žãæ©ãããšã ãã ã£ãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96
|
8,151 |
æ ç»è©è«å®¶äžèЧ
|
æ ç»è©è«å®¶ã®äºåé³é ã®äžèЧã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7
|
8,152 |
æ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒäžèЧ
|
æ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒäžèЧ(ããããããã¥ãŒãµãŒãã¡ãã)ã¯ãæ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã®äžèЧã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7
|
8,153 |
æ¥æ¬ã®æ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒäžèЧ
|
æ¥æ¬ã®æ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒäžèЧ (ã«ã»ãã®ããããããã¥ãŒãµãŒãã¡ãã) ã¯ãWikipediaæ¥æ¬èªçã«ååšããæ¥æ¬ã®æ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒãäžèЧã«ãããã®ã§ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7
|
8,154 |
ãžã£ã³ã«
|
ãžã£ã³ã«(ãã©ã³ã¹èª: genre)ãšã¯ãèžè¡è¡šçŸçŸ€ãããäžã€ã®åŽé¢ãã客芳çã«åé¡ãããã®ãããã
å°ãªããšãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢æä»£ã«ãŸã§é¡ãããšã®ã§ãããæ²åããªã©ãé·ãæŽå²ã®äžã§çšããããŠãããžã£ã³ã«ãããäžæ¹ãæä»£ã®å€åãæããã¹ãæ°ãããžã£ã³ã«ãææ¡ãããäžã«ã¯æ®åãããã®ãããã
åé¡ã®åºæºãšããŠçšããããã®ã¯äœåã§ããããšãå€ããããã®å
å®ã¯å€æ§ã§ããããŸããå¥³æµæåŠãã®ããã«äœåã§ã¯ãªãäœè
ã®ç¹åŸŽãåºæºãšãããã®ããããäœç³»ãšããŠåºãå
±æããã圢ã§ã¯ååšããªãããã䜿ã人ã«ãã£ãŠãSFæ ç»ããªã©ã®ãžã£ã³ã«åã®å€æåºæºãç°ãªã£ãŠããããè€æ°ã®ãžã£ã³ã«éã§éè€ããã£ããããããšããã°ãã°ã§ããã
ããç矩ã«ã¯ãæåŠãªã©ã§ã¯äž»é¡(ããŒã)ãæ§åŒã«ãŸã€ããäœåã®ç¹æ§ãåºæºãšããŠäœåãåé¡ããç¯ç(ã«ããŽãªãŒ)ãç¹ã«ãžã£ã³ã«ãšåŒã¶ããã®æå³ã§ã¯ãäœè
ã®æ§å¥ãåœç±ãªã©ãšãã£ãåºæºã«ããåé¡ç¯çã®ãå¥³æµæåŠããã©ãã³ã¢ã¡ãªã«æåŠããªã©ã¯ããžã£ã³ã«ãã§ã¯ãªããšããããšã«ãªãã
ãæŠäºæ ç»ãã西éšåããªã©ããç¯çåãšããŠã¯é¡æãèå°ã«ã€ããŠã®éå®ãäžããã ãã§ãäž»é¡ãæ§åŒã«ã€ããŠã¯å¿
ãããç¹å®ããªãããã ããããªãŠããæ ç»ããåç§°äžã¯åã«æ ç»ã®è£œäœäŒç€Ÿã®æ¬æ å°ãéå®ããŠããã ãã®ãã®ã§ãããªããããå®è³ªçã«ã¯äž»é¡ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«äžã®ç¹åŸŽ(ããããŒã»ãšã³ãã£ã³ã°ã§ããããšãå®éšçãªææ³ãé¿ããåŸåã«ããããšã嚯楜æ§ãéèŠããããšãäœåããæ ç»ãã§ããããšã匷調ãããèªç¶ãªãæãã®æ å衚çŸãå€çšããããšããªã©)ã嫿ããŠããç¯çããããããç¹å®ã®åé¡çšèªããšããããŠããããžã£ã³ã«åã§ãããåŠããæ±ºããããšãããšå°é£ã«ã¶ã€ããå Žåãããã
æ ç»ã«ã€ããŠã¯ããããžã£ã³ã«ã«åºå®ã§ããæ ç»ã¯å€ãã¯ãªããå
¬éæã®ã»ãŒã«ã¹ã®ä»æ¹ã«åŸã£ãŠããã®ãéäŸã§ããã
挫ç»ã«ãããŠã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã³ã»ã³ããã¯ã¹ã§ã¯ã¹ãŒããŒããŒããŒä»¥å€ã®ãžã£ã³ã«ããã°ãªãã¿ãŒãžã£ã³ã«ããšããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AB
|
8,155 |
TV (ææ§ãåé¿)
|
TV
tv
| true | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_(%E6%9B%96%E6%98%A7%E3%81%95%E5%9B%9E%E9%81%BF)
|
8,157 |
æ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒ
|
æ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒ(ããããããã¥ãŒãµãŒãfilm producer)ã¯ãæ ç»ãäŒç»ãç«æ¡ããäœåã«ããç·å責任è
ã§ããã
æ¥æ¬æ ç»ã§ã¯ã補äœãããäŒç»ããšè¡šèšãããããšããããè¿å¹Žã¯ç¹ã«ãã®è·åãåºããªã£ãŠããããšãããããããã¥ãŒãµãŒãšããŠã®è·åãè€æ°äººã§åæ
ããå Žåã倧åã§ããããšã³ãããŒã«ã§ã¯ãããããã¥ãŒãµãŒããšããŠé£åã§è¡šç€ºãããããšãããã°ããååãããã¥ãŒãµãŒãããããã¥ãŒãµãŒè£ãçãšãããããšãããããäŒç»ãã¯ãèšèéãçŽç²ã«åœè©²ãããžã§ã¯ãã®ç«ã¡äžããã¢ã€ãã£ã¢æäŸã«ã ãé¢ãã£ã人ç©ã®å Žåãããã倧éšåã®æ±æ æ ç»ãªã©ã®ããã«(å瀟ã¯é·ããã補äœãã®ã¯ã¬ãžããã¯ç€Ÿé·ã®ã¿ã«ããèš±ãããªãã£ã)ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒãæãå Žåãããã
æ¥æ¬ä»¥å€æ ç»äœåã®ãšã°ãŒã¯ãã£ãã»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒ(Executive Producerã補äœç·ææ®)ã¯ãããã§å®çŸ©ããæ ç»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒãšã¯ãå¿
ãããäžèŽããªããæ ç»è£œäœã«ãããŠå
·äœçãªå®åå
容ãå®ããããŠããããäžè¬ã«ã¯ããããã¥ãŒãµãŒã«å¯ŸããŠç€ŸäŒçã»çµæžçä¿¡çšãä»äžããååš(æ¥æ¬çã«èšãã°ãåŸèŠäººã)ãšçè§£ãããŠãããå®è³ªçãªå矩貞ããšããããããã®è·è²¬ã¯åè¿°ã®éãå矩ã®ã¿ã®ã»ããåºè³ã䌎ãäºãããã°ãäŒç»ããããã¥ãŒã¹ãžã®é¢äžãäžã«ã¯ãç·ç£ç£ãã®ãããªç«å Žã§è£œäœãå
šé¢çã«ææ®ããŠããå Žåããããç£ç£ããããã¥ãŒãµãŒã®äžäœã«æ¥ãæé«è²¬ä»»è
ã§ãããããã®å®çŸ©ã¯æç¢ºã§ã¯ãªããããžã§ãŒãºãçã®è£œäœããããªãã£ãŒãã»ã¶ããã¯ã«ãããšãè³ãåãåãããã«å£äžã«äžããã®ãã©ã€ã³ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã§ãã¶ããã¯ãçžæ£ã®ãã©ãŠã³ã¯äžãããªããšã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã§èª¬æããŠããã
è¿å¹Žã®ããªãŠããæ ç»ã§ã¯ããªã¡ã€ã¯äœãã¢ã¡ã³ãã®æ ç»åãªã©ã§ãæ ç»ã®å
ãšãªãäœåã®æš©å©ãæã€äººç©ãã¯ããã®äœåã«æºããããšãæš©å©è
ãšããŠããšã°ãŒã¯ãã£ãã»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒãã«ã¯ã¬ãžãããããæ
£ç¿ãšãªã£ãŠããã
ããã«å¯Ÿããæ¥æ¬æ ç»ã«ããããšã°ãŒã¯ãã£ãã»ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã¯ãæŽç»ãšåãæå³åãã§äœ¿ãããå Žåããããããè€æ°ã®ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã®äžã®çé è
ããæå³ããå Žåãããã
äŒç»è
ã»è£œäœè
ããããã¥ãŒãµãŒãšåŒã³ãæ¥åãã©ã€ã³äžã®ã©ã³ã¯çã§ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒãåºåããå Žåãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC
|
8,160 |
ãªãªãžãã«ãããª
|
ãªãªãžãã«ãããªã¯ãåå Žå
¬éãæŸéãåæãšããªããããªå°çšã®æ ç»ãã¬ã³ã¿ã«ãããªåºã§ã®è²žåºçšã«äœãããåæ ç»ããããåŸã«ãããªä»¥å€ã§å
¬éãããŠããªãªãžãã«ãããªã§ãã(éæ²³è±éäŒèª¬ãªã©)ãäžã«ã¯ãåå Žå
¬éãæŸéãåæãšããªãããè«žäºæ
ã«ããããã±ãŒãžå°çšãšãªã£ãæ ç»ããããããã¡ãã¯ãããªã¹ã«ãŒãšåŒãã§åºå¥ããŠããããããé
ä¿¡æ¥è
ãåœãå°åã§ç¬å çã«é
ä¿¡ããæ ç»ããã©ãã¯ãããªã¹ã«ãŒãOVAãå«ã¿é
ä¿¡æ¥è
ã®ãªãªãžãã«(ãAmazonãªãªãžãã«ãããNetflixãªãªãžãã«ã)ãšé
ä¿¡æ¥è
ãç§°ããŠããã
ç¥ç§°ã¯OVããã®ä»ã®éç§°ãšããŠããããªæ ç»ãVã·ãããVã·ãããããããã§ã¯äž»ã«å®åäœåã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ããã¢ãã¡äœåã«é¢ããŠã¯OVA(ãªãªãžãã«ã»ãããªã»ã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³)ãåç
§ã
ãªãªãžãã«ãããªã§æ±ãããããŒãã¯å€çš®å€æ§ã§ãããããã®äžã§ãç¹ã«å€ãã®ãã€ã¯ã¶ãã®ã£ã³ãã«ããšãã®3ãžã£ã³ã«ã§ããã
黿æã§ãã1990幎ã®ãæåã·ããªãªã(æ¥æ¬ã·ããªãªäœå®¶åäŒ)10æå·ã®ãç¹é ãããªã·ããã®å¯èœæ§ãšçŸåšãã§ã¯ãããããªã·ãããšã¯...ãããªã®ããŒã±ãããäž»ç®çã«äœãããããããªã®åäœåãããäžè¬çã«ã¯ããªãªãžãã«ãããªããšããããªãªãžãã«ãããªæ ç»ããOVããªã©ãšåŒã³ãåå¶äœäŒç€Ÿã¯ããããã®åååãã€ããŠããŸããããã®ãžã£ã³ã«å
šäœãæãé©åœãªåŒåã¯ãŸã 確ç«ããŠããªããããªã®ã§ããããªç¬èªã®åäœåéšéå
šäœã®åç§°ããšããŠç·šééšã§ä»®ã«ã€ããã¿ã€ãã«ã§ãããšæžãããããã§ã¯ããããªã·ããããšåŒãã§ãããããããã®ç¹éã§ã¯å·çè
ã«ãã£ãŠåŒã³æ¹ãéããå¡©ç°ææã¯ãããªã»ãªãªãžãã«ãæ¡åç©ã¯ãŽã£ããªãã©ã(Vãã©ã)ã鎚äºéæ¯å€(æ¥æ¬ã·ããªãªåäŒçäº)ã¯ããªãªãžãã«ã»ãããªãšåŒãã§ãããä»ã«Vãªãªãžãã«ããããªã ãŒããŒãšããåŒã³åããã£ãã
ãŸããæ±æ ã®ãªãªãžãã«ãããªã¬ãŒãã«ã»æ±æ Vã·ãããå§ããå瀟ãå¥ã
ã®åç§°ãã¬ãŒãã«ã§ãªãªãžãã«ãããªæ ç»ãçºå£²ãã(#ãªãªãžãã«ãããªã®äž»ãªã¡ãŒã«ãŒããã³ã¬ãŒãã«ãåç
§)ã
1985幎ããã³ãã€ã®ãšã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¬ãŒãã«ã30åã®çç·šãªããæ©å·å
ç£ç£ã®ããã°ãããå¿èãã補äœãçºå£²ãå幎ã«ã¯ãªã¬ã³ãžãããªããŠã¹ãããã®ããŒããã°ãã·ãªãŒãºãåºãããŠãããããããªãªãžãã«ãããªè£œäœã®èæ¯ã«ã¯ã¹ãã©ãã¿ãŒæ ç»ã®ããŒã ããã£ãããã®ä»ã«ãã¢ãã«ãã¢ãã¡ãçºå£²ããŠããã¯ã³ããŒãããºãäºçå幞ç£ç£ã§ãã³ã³ãã£ãŠãããããåºããªã©ã黿æã®ãããªåžå Žã«ãããŠæ£çºçã«ãªãªãžãã«ãããªã¯çºè¡šãããŠããã
ããããæ¬å ±ã1990幎5æäžæ¬å·ã®ç¹éãç·šéé·å¯Ÿè« æ±æ V CINEMAç¹éãã§ã¯ãããªãªãžãã«ã»ãããªæ ç»ã®ç»å Žã¯1985幎ããã§ããã®å¹Žæ±èæ åãœããã®ãè¥è
æ°åã®åºç€ç¥èããé€é¬Œéãã埳éãžã£ãã³ãä¿ºãæ±äº¬ãè¡ãã ãããã³ãã€ããã°ãããå¿èããV&Rãã®ããŒããã° æšæ®ºã¹ãã·ã£ã«ãã®5æ¬ã補äœã»çºå£²ãããããã ããã£ã«ã 補äœã¯æ±èæ åã®ãé€é¬Œéãã ãã§ãæ®ãã¯ãããªåé²ãããããåœæã®ãããªåžå Žã¯äœåã¹ããã¯ãè±å¯ã«ãããæææ©å°ã§ãã£ãããªã©ãšæžãããŠããã
1989å¹Žãæ±æ æ ç»å¶äœéšã補äœãšçºå£²ãããæ±æ ãããªã販売ããæ±æ Vã·ããããªãªãžãã«ãããªãåžå ŽãšããŠç¢ºç«ãããæ±æ ã¯äœè¿·ããæ¥æ¬æ ç»ã®çŸç¶æéã®ãããæ ç»å¶äœãšã¯å¥éšéã管èœããæ ç»é
絊ã«ãããè²»çšãäœåå¶äœè²»ã«åãããšã§ãäœäºç®ãªããåå Žå
¬éäœåã«å£ãã¬å質ãçã¿åºãããšããã®ã§ããããããã倧äœã§ã¯ãªãããã°ã©ã ãã¯ãã£ãŒããããªäŸçµŠãããã®ã§ãããæ±æ ã®ãã®è©Šã¿ã¯åãå¥ãã1990幎ãŸã§ã«çºå£²ãã20æ¬ã®å¹³å売ãäžãæ°2äž7忬ãš1äžæ¬ã§ããããšãããããããªæ¥çã§å€§æåãåãã1990幎4æããã¯æã«1æ¬ã10æããã¯æ2æ¬ãšéç£äœå¶ãæŽããæ±æ ãåæšæš©ãä¿æãããVã·ãããåã³ãVã·ããããªãªãžãã«ãããªã®ç¥ç§°ãšããæå³åã(åæšã®æ®éåç§°å)ã§ãäºå®äžã®ä»£åè©ãšããŠäœ¿çšãããããšãå€ãããã®ãããæ¥æ¬æ ç»é»éæä»£ã«ããã1960幎代ããæ±æ æ ç»å¶äœéšããå®¶èžãšããŠããã€ã¯ã¶æ ç»ãããã®é ãå¢ã«åå Žå
¬éããVã·ããã«è»žè¶³ãç§»ãããé
絊ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ã«åãããªãå¶äœã®ãããããæŽ»ãããäœäºç®è£œäœã®ãããåå Žçšäœåã«æ¯ã¹ãŠå€§é補äœãå®çŸã§ããã
æ±æ ã®æåã远ã£ãŠã1990幎代ã«å
¥ãä»ã®æ ç»äŒç€Ÿãåå
¥ãã«ã£ãã€ã1990幎3æ15æ¥ã«ãVãã£ãŒãã£ãŒãã®è£œäœéå§ãçºè¡šãããã®ç¬¬äžåŒŸãéŠéœé«éãã©ã€ã¢ã«2ãã¯3äžæ¬å£²ãããç¶ããŠæŸç«¹ã¯1990幎12æ28æ¥ã«ãSHVã·ããã第1åäœåãåäºå¯ç£ç£ã女åäºãµã·ãããçºå£²ã2äž3000æ¬å£²ããã以éã倧æ ããæ°æ ç»å€©åœããåºããæ§åã窺ã£ãŠããæ±å®ããã·ãããã¯ããåºãããåœæãæ ç»äŒç€Ÿã¯èªç€Ÿã§ã®åå Žçšæ ç»ã®å¶äœãæžãããŠããããããæ ç»äŒç€Ÿããªãªãžãã«ãããªãããã£ãŠå¶äœãå§ããã®ã¯ããããŸã§ã¬ã³ã¿ã«ãããªã®ãœããäŸçµŠæºã ã£ãåå Žçšæ ç»ã®VHSåäœåãåºãçªãå§ããŠãããããšããäºæ
ããã£ãããšã¯ãããå€éšäºæ¥è
å¶äœäœåãäž»ã®æ±å®äœåã¯ãOVã«é¢ããŠããå€éšåèšã«é Œãããã§ãæ°æŸããŒå±ã§å¯äžãããªäŒç€Ÿãšã®çžãç¡ããã¬ãæ±äº¬ãæ±å®åãã®åèšå¶äœãšçºå£²ãè¡ã£ãŠããããŸããæ ç»äŒç€Ÿã®ã¿ãªããããããªäŒç€Ÿã®ãžã£ãã³ããŒã ãããªãããããã®åžçã·ãªãŒãºããæåäœã®ã±ã€ãšã¹ãšã¹ãã¢ãã«ããããªãå¶äœããŠãããã€ã€ã¢ã³ãæ åã®æè¥¿ãšããã1990幎11æããæ¥æ¬ãããªæ åããèšç«ããŠãªãªãžãã«ãããªã®å¶äœãéå§ãç°æ§ãªæŽ»æ°ãšå±éãèŠããã
ããã«ã¯ãããã«çµæžæ«æãšããããšããããŸã£ãŠããããŸã§æ ç»è£œäœã«çžã®ãªãã£ã人ã
ãŸã§ãæ ç»ã®ãããã¥ãŒãµãŒã«è¿ãããšãããããšããããšãé
åãš3000äžåãã4000äžãšããæ ç»ãšããŠã¯äœäºç®ãªçç±ããæ®ºå°ããåœæå
šçãè¿ããŠããã¬ã³ã¿ã«ãããªåžå Žã«ãªãªãžãã«ãããªãæå
¥ãããŠããããšã«ãªã£ãã
1989å¹Žã«æ°æ¬ã ã£ãè£œäœæ¬æ°ã¯1990幎ã«60æ¬ãšæ¥å¢ã1989幎~1990幎ã®äºå¹Žéã«19瀟ã®ã¡ãŒã«ãŒã«ãã£ãŠãªãªãžãã«ãããªãçºå£²ãããã1991幎ã«ã¯21瀟ãšãªãã150ã¿ã€ãã«ããªãªãŒã¹ããã®1991幎ã¯VHSãšããŒã¿ã®ãããªæŠäºãã»ãŒçµãã£ã幎ã§ãVHSã«çµ±äžãããããšã§æ®åçãé ç¹ã«éãããããªç£æ¥ã®é ç¹ã®å¹Žãšãããããã1995幎ã«ã¯150æ¬ã2000幎ã«ã¯å¹Žéè£œäœæ¬æ°ã300æ¬ãè¶ããã»ã©ã®æ¿«é ã¶ããèŠããã
ããããæ¿«äœã¯è²ã¡ãããåžå Žãæ©æã«äŸçµŠéå€ã«é¥ãããåã
ã®ååã®å£²ãäžããèœãšãããã®çµæãç²è£œæ¿«é ãããååãåºåããããã«å£²ãäžãã¯èœã¡ãŠãã£ãã補äœåœåãæ±æ ã®Vã·ããã¯6000äžåãã7000äžåã®äºç®ã§è£œäœãããŠãããã2000幎é ã®ãªãªãžãã«ãããªã®å¶äœè²»ã¯2000äžåãã3000äžåã ã£ããšèšãããããã³ã¯æ ç»ãã¢ãã«ããããªãšã®é¢ãããå€ããšãã¹ç³»ã®äœåã«ãããŠã¯äºç®ã¯ããã«åãè©°ããããŠããã50äž~100äžåå°ã®äœåãŸã§ç»å ŽããŠãã(åè:ãã³ã¯æ ç»ã®äžè¬çãªäºç®ã¯250äž~300äžåãšèšãããŠãããæè¿ã§ã¯200äžåå°ã®äºç®ã®äœåãç»å ŽããŠããããã®äºç®æ ã¯æ©æè²»ããã£ã«ã 代ãã»ããã£ã³ã°æéãé£ããã35ããªæ ç»æä»£ã倧差ãªãã£ããããäœäºç®ããŠããŠããã£ãšãçºéããæ¥çãšãªã£ãŠãã)ã äœäºç®ã®ãªãªãžãã«ãããªã§ã¯ãæ®åœ±ããã£ã«ã æ®åœ±ãããããªæ®åœ±ãžãšå€ãããè¿å¹Žã§ã¯ã·ãªãŒãºç©ã®è£œäœã«ãããŠãåãã¹ã¿ããã»åºæŒè
ã§äžåºŠã®ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ææã§2話ã»3話ãšãŸãšããŠæ®åœ±ãããšããææ³ãç®ç«ã£ãŠããã
ãªãªãžãã«ãããªã¯ãããã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ããçæéãå通ã§åå Žå
¬éãããããšãå€ããããããäœåã¯ã¬ã³ã¿ã«ãããªåºã§åå Žå
¬éäœåãšããŠæ±ãããã
ãªããã¢ãã¡äœåã«é¢ããŠã¯OVA(ãªãªãžãã«ã»ãããªã»ã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³)ãšåŒã¶ã®ãéäŸã§ããããã¡ãã¯äžèšã®å®åäœåã«å
ç«ã€1983幎ã«ã¯ãã§ã«æåã®äœåãçºå£²ãããŠãããå
容çã«ãäžèšã®ãšãã¹äœåçã«è©²åœããªããã®ãå€ãååšããã
ãã©ãŒãã¢ãã¡ãããŒããŒæŠéç©ãªã©ããªã¿ã¯ãšåŒã°ããå±€ãåºããåžæ°æš©ãåŸãŠãã£ãã®ã¯ããªãªãžãã«ãããªãçã¿åºãããããªã¬ã³ã¿ã«ã®æ¥æé·ãšææãåãããã1980幎代åã°ã®ããšã
ãªãªãžãã«ãããªã§æ±ãããããŒãã¯å€çš®å€æ§ã§ãã£ããããã®äžã§ãç¹ã«å€ãã£ãã®ãã€ã¯ã¶ãã®ã£ã³ãã«ããšãã®3ãžã£ã³ã«ã§ããã©ãŒãéœåžäŒèª¬ã¢ããäžå®ã®æ¯æãéããã®ã¡ã®ãžã£ãã³ã»ãã©ãŒããŒã ã®äžå°ãã€ãããªã©ããã®åŸã®æ ç»ççºå±ã«å€§ããè²¢ç®ãããšè©äŸ¡ãããã
1990幎代ãŸã§ã¯å°äžæ³¢å°æ¹å±ã®æ·±å€æ ãäžå¿ã«æŸéãããããšããã£ãã
è¿å¹Žãã¬ã³ã¿ã«ãããªåžå Žèªäœãçž®å°åŸåã«ããã2002幎蟺ãããDVD-Videoãåžå Žã«æå
¥ããããªã³ã©ã€ã³DVDã¬ã³ã¿ã«ãDVDã»ã«ã®åžå Žã«ç§»è¡ãã ãããDVDã®å Žåã1æ¬ãããã®å°å£²äŸ¡æ ŒãVHSã®10åã®1ã«è¿ããããäœåæ åèªäœã®è£œäœè²»ãããã«å¿ããŠå®ããªãã€ã€ãããããã«2010幎代åŸåã«ãªããšãäŸããªãªãžãã«ãããªã§ãã£ãŠããããé
ä¿¡ã§ã®ãããªã»ãªã³ã»ããã³ã(VOD)ã«ããèŠèŽãæ®åãã€ã€ããããæ¥æ¬çµ±äžãã·ãªãŒãº(2013幎 - )ããã®ä»£è¡šæ Œã§ãDVDçºå£²ãå
ã®ãªãªãžãã«ãããªã§ã¯ãããã®ã®ã2010幎代äžç€èŸºãããããVODã§ã®é
ä¿¡ã§äººæ°ã«ç«ãã€ããããã®ãããåæã®é ã¯äœäºç®ã§ã¯ãã£ããã®ã®ãã·ãªãŒãºãéããæ¯ã«è£œäœè²»ã®æå³çãªé«éš°ãæ ç»åãè¡ãããã«ãªã£ãã
ãã§ã«æ€éããŠãããã®ãå«ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%87%E3%82%AA
|
8,163 |
ã³ã³ãã€ã«
|
ã³ã³ãã€ã«(è±: compile)
è±èªã®åè©
| true | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%91%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB
|
8,165 |
XDãã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãŒã
|
xDãã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãŒã(ãšãã¯ã¹ãã£ãŒãã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãŒããxD-Picture Card)ã¯ãå¯å£«ãã€ã«ã ãšãªãªã³ãã¹ãå
±åéçºããã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒãèŠæ Œã§ããã2002幎9æçºå£²ã
ã¡ãã£ã¢ã®ãµã€ãºã¯é·ã20.0 mmÃå¹
25.0 mmÃåã1.7 mmãéãã¯2 gã§ãäž»èŠãªã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒãèŠæ Œã§ã¯å°åã®éšé¡ã«å
¥ãã
è£è¡šãååŸæ¹åã®èª€æ¿å
¥é²æ¢ã®ãããæé¢åœ¢ç¶ãé察称ã§ããã端åã¯18ãã³ã§ãè£é¢ã«å¥ãåºãã§é
眮ãããŠããã
å¯å£«ãã€ã«ã ãšãªãªã³ãã¹ããããŸã§ããžã¿ã«ã«ã¡ã©ã®èšé²ã¡ãã£ã¢ãšããŠæ¡çšããŠããã¹ããŒãã¡ãã£ã¢ã倧容éåã®éçã«éããŠããããšãæ©åšã®å°ååã«éããŠããå°åã®åœ¢ç¶ãæ±ããããããšãæžã蟌ã¿ã»èªã¿åºãé床ãé
ãããšãçç±ãšããæ°ããªèŠæ ŒãéçºãããSDã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒããªã©ã®æ¢åèŠæ Œã§ã¯ãªãããããŠæ°èŠæ Œãç«ã¡äžããèæ¯ã«ã¯ããã®æç¹ã§äž¡ç€Ÿãããžã«ã¡åžå Žã«å ããã·ã§ã¢ãéåžžã«é«ãã匷è
é£åãšããŠåžå ŽãçœåŒããŠããèŠéããç«ãŠãããŠããããšãããããããã䞡瀟ã®ã·ã§ã¢ã¯ãã®ææãããŒã¯ã«äžããå§ãããã®åŸä»ç€Ÿãåå
¥ããªãxDèŠæ Œããã³ããšãªã£ãŠããŸãæªåŸªç°ãæãããšã«ãªã£ãã
ããã«ãåãã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒãã§ããSDã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒããã¡ã¢ãªãŒã¹ãã£ãã¯ãªã©ãããžã¿ã«ã«ã¡ã©ä»¥å€ã«ããªãŒãã£ãªããããªãæºåž¯é»è©±ãªã©ã«ãæ¡çšãããŠããã®ã«å¯ŸããxDãã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãŒãã¯èäœæš©ä¿è·æ©èœãç¡ãããžã¿ã«ã«ã¡ã©ãããµããŒãããŠããªãããšãªã©ãæ®åã®é害ãšãªããæ¡çšã¡ãŒã«ãŒã¯èŠæ Œæå±è
ã®å¯å£«ãã€ã«ã ãšãªãªã³ãã¹ã®ã»ããã³ããã¯ãäžæææ¡çšããŠããã«çãŸããèäœæš©ä¿è·æ©èœãä»ããªãã£ãäºã«ãããSDã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒããããäœã³ã¹ãã§äœäŸ¡æ Œã«ãªãã¯ãã ã£ãããæ®åçã®å·®ããéã«SDã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒãããå²é«ãšãªã£ãŠããŸããé販åºãªã©ã§ã¯åäžã®å®¹éã»ã¡ãŒã«ãŒåã§æ°åã®å€æ®µå·®ãä»ãããšãå°ãªããªãã
åŸæ¥xDãã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãŒãã®ã¿ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããå¯å£«ãã€ã«ã 補ã®ã³ã³ãã¯ãããžã¿ã«ã«ã¡ã©ã§ã¯ã2007幎çºå£²ã®æ©çš®ããSDã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒããšã®äž¡å¯Ÿå¿ãšãªãã2009幎6æçºå£²ã®FinePix Z300ã§ã¯SDHC/SDã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒãå°çšãšãªã£ãããããŠã2010幎12æããã£ãŠxDãã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãŒãã®çç£ããã³åºè·ãçµäºããŠããããŸããªãªã³ãã¹ã2008幎çºå£²ã®äžéšè£œåããmicroSDã¢ã¿ããã¡ã³ã(MASD-1;xDãã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãŒããšã¯éäºæ)ãæäŸãmicroSD察å¿ãšäž»åŒµãã2009幎7æã«ã¯SDHC/SDã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒãå°çšã®E-P1ãçºå£²ããŠããããªãªã³ãã¹ã¯ãä»åŸãxDãã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãŒããé©ããŠããã«ã¡ã©ã«ã¯ãxDãã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãŒããæ¡çšããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããã2010幎2æ2æ¥ã«çºå£²ãçºè¡šããã³ã³ãã¯ãããžã¿ã«ã«ã¡ã©7æ©çš®å
šãŠã§xDãã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãŒãã«ä»£ããSDHC/SDã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒããæ¡çšããã
ãŸãè€æ°ã®ã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒãèŠæ Œã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã«ãŒããªãŒããŒã®äžã«ã¯ãxDãã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãŒãã ãã«é察å¿ã®è£œåãå€ãåºåã£ãŠãããããã¯ãxDãã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãŒãã®æ®åçã®äœããããã³ããxDãã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãŒã察å¿ãããããå Žåãã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ãååŸããäžã§ã³ã³ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã¹ãã¹ãã«åæ Œããªããã°ãªããªããšããå¶çŽãããããã§ãããä»ã«ãå¯å£«ãã€ã«ã ããã³ã³ãã¯ããã©ãã·ã¥ãšã®å€æã¢ããã¿ã販売ãããŠããã
倧容éåãããxDãã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãŒãã®åç§°ã§ãNANDåãã©ãã·ã¥ã¡ã¢ãªã®MLC(Multi Level Cell)ã«ç±æ¥ããã2005幎3æã«çºå£²ããã1GB補åããæ¡çšããããä»åŸã8GBãŸã§ã®å€§å®¹éã¿ã€ãã¯TypeMãšããŠè£œååãããäºå®ãšãªã£ãŠããããåžè²©åã®æå€§å®¹éã¯2GBã§çãŸã£ãŠããã
倧容éåã«äŒŽããæžãèŸŒã¿æã®è»¢éé床ã¯åäžããŠããããèªã¿åºãæã®è»¢éé床ã¯åŸæ¥åãããé
ããªã£ãŠããããŸããåŸæ¥ã®è£œåãšä»æ§ãç°ãªãããšããäºææ§ãä¿èšŒãããŠããããåããžã¿ã«ã«ã¡ã©ã§äœ¿çšã§ãããã¯ç¢ºèªãå¿
èŠã§ããã
åŸæ¥ã®è£œåãšåºå¥ã§ããããã«ãå¯å£«ãã€ã«ã 補ã®è£œååã«ã¯ãM1GBããªã©å®¹é衚èšã®åã«ããªãªã³ãã¹è£œã®è£œååã«ã¯ãM-XD1GMããªã©å®¹é衚èšã®åŸãã«ãMããä»ããããŠããã
2008幎æ¥ã1GBãš2GB補åãçºå£²ãã¡ã¢ãªé«å¯åºŠåæè¡ãæ¡çšããªãªã³ãã¹è£œããžã¿ã«ã«ã¡ã©ã§äœ¿çšããå Žåãæžã蟌ã¿é床ã¯åŸæ¥ã¢ãã«ãšæ¯èŒããŠ1.5åã®é«éåãå®çŸãšããŠããã
2005幎11æã«ãªãªã³ãã¹ã«ãã£ãŠçºè¡šãããé«éã¿ã€ãã®xDãã¯ãã£ãŒã«ãŒãã512MBã2006幎1æã1GBã2006幎2æã256MBã2006幎3æã«çºå£²ãããã
æžã蟌ã¿é床ã¯åŸæ¥ã®2 - 3åãšãããŠãããããªãªã³ãã¹ã®ããžã¿ã«ã«ã¡ã©ã§ã®å©çšæã«éãããã
2002幎9æçºå£²æã«ã¯ã16MBã»32MBã»64MBã»128MBãå°æ¥çã«ã¯8GBãŸã§æ¡åŒµãããäºå®ã§ãã£ããå®éã«è£œååãããã®ã¯2GBãŸã§ãšãªã£ãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/XD%E3%83%94%E3%82%AF%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89
|
8,166 |
ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢ã«ãŒã
|
ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢ã«ãŒã(Multi Media Card)ãšã¯ãã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒãã®èŠæ Œã§ãããMMCãšç¥ãããã
ãµã³ãã£ã¹ã¯ãšã·ãŒã¡ã³ã¹(ã€ã³ãã£ããªã³ã»ãã¯ãããžãŒãº)ãå
±åéçºãã1997幎11æã«çºè¡šããèŠæ Œãå
ãšãªã£ãŠ1998幎10æã«èšç«ãããMultiMediaCard AssociationãèŠæ Œã®éçºç¶æãè¡ã£ãŠããã
ãµã€ãºã¯ 32mmÃ24mmÃ1.4mmãéãã¯2gæªæºã§ããã ã€ã³ã¿ãã§ãŒã¹ã¯7ãã³ã»ã·ãªã¢ã«ã§ãã¯ããã¯ã¯æå€§20Mbpsãæžã蟌ã¿éåºŠã¯æå€§2MB/sçšã§ããã Version 4.2ãŸã§ã¯SPIã¢ãŒãããããäœéã§è¯ããã°SPIãã¹ã§ã®è€æ°ããã€ã¹ã®æ¥ç¶ãç°¡åã«ã§ããã
èšæ¶å®¹éã¯åœåã®4MBããé æ¬¡å¢å ããæå€§4GB(2005幎)ãŸã§ã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ãååšããã é«éåãã HS-MMC(52MB/s, 13ãã³)ããããµã€ãºã® RS(Reduced Size)-MMC(24x18x1.4mm)ãããã«å°åã®MMC Microãã³ã³ãã³ãä¿è·æ©èœãããSecureMMC(UDAC-MBæ¹åŒ)ãªã©ã®ããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãããã
ãã®ããã«é«éåãé²ãã çµæãç«¯åæ°ã®å°ãªãé«éã€ã³ã¿ãã§ãŒã¹ãšããŠSIMã«ãŒãã®é«éåããè¶
å°åããŒããã£ã¹ã¯ãã©ã€ãçšã«ATAã³ãã³ããžå¯Ÿå¿ãäœæ¶è²»é»åã€ã³ã¿ãã§ãŒã¹ãšããŠãªã©ãå¿çšç¯å²ãåºããã€ã€ããã
SDã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒããšã¯ç©ç圢ç¶ã»é»æ°ç¹æ§ã»ã³ãã³ããã©ãŒãããã§äºæããããããSDã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒãã䜿çšããŠããæ©åšã§ããã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢ã«ãŒããå©çšã§ããããšãå€ããäœãã³ãã³ãèªäœã¯æ©èœçœ®ãæãã远å ãããäºæã¯ç¡ãããŸãå°åã®miniSDãmicroSDãšã¯RS-MMCãMMC Microãšãã«ç©ç圢ç¶ãªã©ãç°ãªãäºææ§ã¯ãªãã
æ¥æ¬åœå€ã§ã¯æºåž¯é»è©±ã·ã§ã¢ãããã®ããã¢ãRS-MMCãå€éšã¡ãã£ã¢ãšããŠæ¡çšããŠããããã«éèŠã倧ããã£ãããè¿å¹Žã§ã¯ãã®ããã¢ãmicroSDã«ãŒãã«ã·ããããŠãããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãããšããšãã€ããŒã ã£ãããšã«å ãäžäœäºææ§ã®ããSDã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒãã®æ¥éãªæ®åã«ããã»ãšãã©èŠãããªããªããéå»ã®èŠæ ŒãšèŠãããŠããã
2004幎12æã«çºå£²ãããããã¢è£œæºåž¯é»è©±Vodafone 702NK (Nokia 6630)ã®ãããã«ããå端æ«ã«æ¡çšãããŠããRS-MMCã®åãæ±ããå§ããã¡ãŒã«ãŒãã·ã§ãããçŸãããªã©ãäžææ³šç®ãéãããå ããŠãFreeBSDã§ã¯SDã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒãã®ç¹èš±åé¡ãåé¿ããããSDã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒããããã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢ã«ãŒãã®äŸå€çãªå®è£
ããšããŠèªèããSDã¡ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŒãã§ã¯ãªãããšäž»åŒµãå®è£
ãé²ããããŠããããŸãMMC microãšããããã«å°åã®ã«ãŒããçºå£²ããããŸãæ°ãã«ã«ã·ãªããã€ãã³ã®ããžã¿ã«ã«ã¡ã©ã«MMCplusã察å¿ããŠããã
eMMC 㯠embedded MMC ã®ç¥ã§ãMMC ã®ã³ã³ããŒãã³ãã BGA ããã±ãŒãžã«å
¥ããç©ãSPIãã¹ã¯ãµããŒãããªããã¹ããŒããã©ã³ãã¿ãã¬ãããªã©ã§ãã䜿ãããŠãããJEDEC ãã 2013幎10æã« eMMC 5.0 ãã2015幎2æã« eMMC 5.1 ããªãªãŒã¹ããããeMMC 5.0 ã®è»¢éé床ã¯400MB/secã
eMMCã§ã¯ããã¹ãã»ã·ã¹ãã ã¯åã«è«çãããã¯ã»ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã«ããŒã¿ãèªã¿æžãããã ãã§ããã eMMCã³ã³ãããŒã©ã®ããŒããŠã§ã¢ãšãã¡ãŒã ãŠã§ã¢ã¯ããšã©ãŒèšæ£ãšããŒã¿ç®¡çãå®è¡ããããšã§ããã¹ãã·ã¹ãã ã®è² è·ã軜æžããã e.MMCã¯100ã153ã169ããŒã« ããã±ãŒãžã§ã8ããã ãã©ã¬ã« ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãããŒã¹ãšããŠããã
eMMCã¯ãåºæ¬çãªããŒã ã¿ã¹ã¯ããªãã£ã¹ã¿ã¹ã¯ãªã©ãå°ããªãã¡ã€ã«ãããŒã¿ãã«å®¶é»ã®ä¿åã«é©ããŠããã
eMMCã¯SPIãã¹ãããã³ã«ããµããŒãããŠããããNANDãã©ãã·ã¥ã¡ã¢ãªã䜿çšããŠããã
eMMC ã®å®¹éã¯ã32 GB ãã 64 GBã128 GB ãã 256 GBã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89
|
8,168 |
ã®ã£ã³ãã«æ ç»
|
ã®ã£ã³ãã«æ ç»(ã®ã£ã³ãã«ããã)ã¯ãæ ç»ã®äžãžã£ã³ã«ã§ãããã³ã³ãããã¹ããå
¬å¶ç«¶æã麻éãè±æãªã©ãã®ã£ã³ãã«(è³å)ã顿ãšãããã®ã
ãã®ãã¡å
¬å¶ç«¶æã¯å®éã®å Žæã§ã®æ®åœ±èš±å¯ãäžãã«ãããªããæè¿ã§ã¯è£œäœãããŠããªããçŸåšã補äœãããŠããã®ã¯ãäž»ã«éº»éç©ãšããã³ã³&ããã¹ãç©ã§ããã
麻éç©ã¯ããçã»é鬌ããšããã·ãªãŒãºãé·ãç¶ããŠãããããã¯äž»äººå
¬ã®ã¢ãã«ãå®åšã®äººç©ã§ããããã€ããã®äººç©ãäœåã®ç£ä¿®ãšã²ã¹ãåºæŒãããŠãããšããç¹ã倧ããå¯äžããŠãããšæãããã
ããã³ã³&ããã¹ãç©ã¯ãäººæ°æ©çš®ã®ç»å Žã«åãããŠããã®æ»ç¥æ³ãããéšåãæ žã«ãã©ããå±éãããããšã§ã»ãŒã«ã¹ã«ã€ãªããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB
|
8,174 |
éšåéå
|
éšåéå(ã¶ã¶ããã
ããã)ãšã¯æ°åŠã«ãããæŠå¿µã®1ã€ãéåAãéåBã®éšåéåã§ãããšã¯ãAãBã®äžéšã®èŠçŽ ã ããããªãããšã§ãããAãBã®äžéšåã§ãããšããæå³ã§éšåéåãšãããäºã€ã®éåã®äžæ¹ã仿¹ã®éšåéåã§ãããšãããã®äºã€ã®éåã®éã«å
å«é¢ä¿ããããšããã
éå A ã®èŠçŽ ã¯ãã¹ãŠéå B ã®èŠçŽ ã§ããããšããããªãã¡ã
ãæãç«ã€ãšããA 㯠B ã®éšåéåã§ãããšããã
ã§è¡šããA ã B ã®éšåéåã§ããããšãããA 㯠B ã«(éšåéåãšããŠ)å«ãŸãã(å
å«ããã)ãããA 㯠B ã«å
ãŸãã(å
æãããã¯å
å
ããã)ããªã©ãšããããšãããããŸããã®ãšããB 㯠A ã®äžäœéå()ã§ãããšããããšããããB 以å€ã®éåã§ B ã®éšåéåã§ãããããªãã®ã¯ãB ã®çéšåéå(ããã¶ã¶ããã
ããã)ãããã¯ç矩(匷ãæå³ã§)ã®éšåéåãšåŒã°ãããããªãã¡ãéå A ãéå B ã®çéšåéåã§ãããšã¯ãA â B ã〠A â B ãæãç«ã€ããšã§ãããA ã B ã®çéšåéåã§ããããšã
ã§è¡šãã
A ã B ã®éšåéåã§ããããšã A â B ã§è¡šããA ã B ã®çéšåéåã§ããããšã A â B ã§è¡šããã倧å°é¢ä¿ã®äžçåŒã«ãããŠäžçå·ã
ãšããèšæ³ã«åãããŠãå
å«é¢ä¿ã«ãããŠã
ãšããèšæ³ã¯èªç¶ã§ããããããããããšã¯ç°ãªãæµåãããã€ãååšããçµ±äžãããŠããªããäŸãã°ãA ã B ã®éšåéåã§ããããšã A â B ã§è¡šããA ã B ã®çéšåéåã§ããããšã A â B ã§è¡šããšããæµåããããä»ã«ããéšåéåã«ã¯ â ãçšããçéšåéåã«ã¯ â ã〠â ãçšããããšããããçéšåéåã§ããããšãæç€ºã§ãã â ãšããèšå·ãçšæããæããããçéšåéåã§ããããšã«èšåããç®æãå°ãªãç
©éã«ãªããªããã°ãæ··ä¹±ããããããã«éäž
ã®ããã«ãã〠A â B ããšããæ¡ä»¶ãæèšããå Žåãããã
以äžãS, T, U ãéåãšããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88
|
8,179 |
å
é£
|
å
é£(ãªããããè±: Cabinet)ã¯ãäž»ã«è°é¢å
é£å¶ãå倧統é å¶ãªã©ã®åœå®¶ã«ãããŠãè¡æ¿ãæ
åœããåè°äœã®å·è¡æ©é¢ã§ãããæš©åãæ
ããªãå Žåã«ã¯ã倧統é é¡§åå£(ã ããšãããããããã ã)ãªã©ãšèš³ãããå Žåãããã
äž»ã«è°é¢å
é£å¶ãæ¡çšããåœå®¶ã«ãããŠãè¡æ¿æš©ãæ
ãåè°äœã®æ©é¢ã®ããšãæããè±èªã®Cabinetãšããåèªã¯ãå°éšå±ã§äŒåãéãåè°ããŠãããšããããç±æ¥ããããå
é£ããšããæŒ¢èªã¯ãäžåœã®æãæž
ã®æä»£ã«ãçåžã®è«®åã«ãããã£ãå
é£å€§åŠå£«å¶åºŠããåŒçšããã1877幎(ææ²»10幎)é ã«æ¥æ¬ã§å®çããããªããè¡æ¿æš©ã倧統é ã«å°å±ããã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœãªã©ã«ãããŠãæš©åãæ
ã£ãŠããªãCabinetã¯ãã®èš³èªãšããŠãã倧統é é¡§åå£ããšåŒã°ããã
å
é£å¶åºŠã¯å
ã
ã€ã®ãªã¹ããã®å
ç¥ã§ããããæåã¯åœçã«å¯ŸããŠå©èšããã ãã®è«®åæ©é¢ã«éããªãã£ããæä»£ãåœã«ãã£ãŠãæ§ã
ãªäœçœ®ã¥ããã¿ããããå
é£å¶åºŠã¯ãåè°å¶ã®ååãåæ
管çã®ååãéŠçžæå°ã®ååãåºæ¬ååãšããã
å
é£ã¯ç«æ³åº(è°äŒ)ãšã®é¢ä¿ãšãã芳ç¹ããã倧ãã5ã€ã«é¡ååã§ããã
以äžã«ååœã®å
é£ãŸãã¯å
é£ã«çžåœããçµç¹ãæãããåœã»å°åã«ãã£ãŠãä»çµã¿ãåç§°ãããããç°ãªã£ãŠãããååœã®å
é£ã«ã€ããŠã¯åé
ç®ãåç
§ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3
|
8,180 |
ãµãã¥ãšã«ã»ã¢ã€ã¬ã³ãã«ã°
|
ãµãã¥ãšã«ã»ã¢ã€ã¬ã³ãã«ã°(Samuel Eilenberg, 1913幎9æ30æ¥ - 1998幎1æ30æ¥)ã¯ããŒã©ã³ãåºèº«ã§ã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœã®æ°åŠè
ã§ããã
ã¯ã«ã·ã£ã¯çãŸãã1936幎ã¯ã«ã·ã£ã¯å€§åŠã§Karol Borsukã®æå°ã®äžãæ°åŠã®Ph.D.ãååŸã1939幎ã«ããã¹ã»ãã€ãã«ããããŒã©ã³ã䟵æ»ã®åŸã枡米ããã
é·å¹Žã³ãã³ãã¢å€§åŠæ°åŠç§ææãåãããæ°åŠè
éå£ãã«ããã®ã¡ã³ããŒã§ããã£ããåè«ã®å°å
¥ã代æ°çäœçžå¹ŸäœåŠããã¢ããžãŒä»£æ°ã«å€§ããªæ¥çžŸãæ®ããã
1986幎ã«ãŠã«ãè³æ°åŠéšéã1987幎ã«ã¹ãã£ãŒã«è³ãåè³ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B0
|
8,181 |
ã¢ã³ãã¬ã»ãŽã§ã€ãŠ
|
ã¢ã³ãã¬ã»ãŽã§ã€ãŠ(André Weil, 1906幎5æ6æ¥ - 1998幎8æ6æ¥)ã¯ããã©ã³ã¹ã®æ°åŠè
ã§ã20äžçŽã代衚ããæ°åŠè
ã®äžäººã§ãããææ³å®¶ã®ã·ã¢ãŒãã»ãŽã§ã€ãŠã¯åйãå
ç«¥æåŠè
ã®ã·ã«ãŽã£ã»ãŽã§ã€ãŠ(ãã©ã³ã¹èªç)ã¯åšã§ããã
ãŠãã€äººãã«ãžã§ã¯å®¶åºã®é·ç·ãšããŠããªã«çãŸãè²ã€ãç¶æ¹ã¯ã¢ã«ã¶ã¹ã®ãŠãã€äººã®å®¶ç³»ã§ãæ®ä»æŠäºæã«ããªã«éãããæ¯æ¹ã¯ã¬ãªãã£ã¢ã®ãŠãã€äººã®å®¶ç³»ãåŠçæä»£ã«ã¯ã€ã³ãã«é¢å¿ãå¯ãããµã³ã¹ã¯ãªããèªãå匷ããŠãããé«çåž«ç¯åŠæ ¡åæ¥ã1928幎ãããªå€§åŠå士ãå士åŠäœè«æã¯æ¢ã«ã¢ãŒãã«ã»ãŽã§ã€ãŠã®å®çãå«ããã®ã§ãã£ãã
å士å·ååŸåŸã¯ãã³ãã€(ã ã³ãã€)ã«ããã¢ãªãŒã¬ã«ã»ã ã¹ãªã 倧åŠã®ææãšãªãããŸããåå°ã§ã€ã³ãå²åŠãåŠãã ã
ãã®åŸããã©ã³ã¹ã«æ»ããã¹ãã©ã¹ããŒã«å€§åŠææãšãªã£ãããã®ãšãã®ååã«ã¢ã³ãªã»ã«ã«ã¿ã³ããããããããã£ããã§åŠçæä»£ã®å人ãã¡ãšæ°åŠè
éå£ãã«ãããçµæããããã«ããã¯æ°åŠå
šäœãåæ§æããã¹ãæ°åŠåè«ãåè¡ãã20äžçŽã®æ°åŠã«åŒ·ã圱é¿ãäžããã
å
µåœ¹æåŠãªã©æŠäºäžã®äœéšããç¡å®ã®çœªã§åŠåããããã«ãªãããå代ãã£ãŒã«ãºè³åè³è
ã®ã¢ãŒã«ãã©ã«ã¹ã«å©ããã1941幎ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«äº¡åœããæåã¯ç±³è»ã®åŠæ ¡ã§æããŠãããåŠçã®çšåºŠãäœãã£ããããéè·ããŠãã©ãžã«ãžåç§»äœãããµã³ããŠãå€§åŠææã«å°±ä»»ã以åŸãåç±³ã®æ°åŠè
ãšããã«ãããäžå¿ãšãããã©ã³ã¹ã®æ°åŠè
ã¯ãããããã®é¢ä¿ãæã€ããšãšãªãã
1944幎ã«ããªãè§£æŸããããšãç¿å¹Ž6æ20æ¥ã«åž°ä»ããã1947幎ã«åã³ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«æž¡ããã·ã«ãŽå€§åŠãããªã³ã¹ãã³é«çç ç©¶æãªã©ã§ç ç©¶çæŽ»ãéã£ãã
æ°è«ã代æ°å¹ŸäœåŠã«å€§ããªæ¥çžŸãæ®ããããŽã§ã€ãŠäºæ³ã¯æ°è«ãšä»£æ°å¹ŸäœåŠã®æ·±ãã€ãªããã«ã€ããŠäºæ³ãããã®ã§ããªãŒãã³ä»®èª¬ã®é¡äŒŒã®äžã€ã§ãããããã®åŸã®ã»ãŒã«ãã°ãã¿ã³ãã£ãŒã¯ã®æŽ»èºã«ã€ãªãããã®ã§ããããŸããŽã§ã€ãŠäºæ³ã®è§£æ±ºã¯20äžçŽã®æ°åŠã®å€§ããªåºæ¥äºã§ããã£ãã
圌ã¯ãã«ããã®äžå¿çãªã¡ã³ããŒã§ãã£ãããšãŒãããã®å€ãã®èšèªã«éããŠããŠããµã³ã¹ã¯ãªããã®ããã¬ãŽã¡ããã»ã®ãŒã¿ãŒãã¯åœŒã®æèªæžã ã£ãã空éåã®èšå· à ã圌ã®èãåºãããã®ã ããããã¯ãã«ãŠã§ãŒèªã®ã¢ã«ãã¡ãããã®äžã€ã§ãããæ°åŠå²ã«é¢ããé è©£ãéåžžã«æ·±ãããã®äžç«¯ã¯ãã«ããã®ãæ°åŠå²ããããããããç¥ãããšãã§ãã(ãã«ããã«æ°åŠå²ãèŒããããšã¯åœŒã®çºæ¡ã§å§ãŸã£ã)ããŸããã«ããã®æ°åŠå²ã«é¢ããèšè¿°ã¯å€§åããŽã§ã€ãŠãšãã¥ããã«ãããã®ãšãããããåèã§ãæ°åŠå²ã«é¢ããèäœãå€ãã
äž»èã¯ã代æ°å¹ŸäœåŠã®åºç€ãããã¢ãŒãã«å€æ§äœãšä»£æ°æ²ç·ãããä»£æ°æ²ç·ãšããã«é¢ãã倿§äœãããã®ä»ã«ãèªäŒãæ°åŠå²ã®èäœãããã
ã·ã«ãŽå€§æä»£ããŽã§ã€ãŠã¯å°å¹³éŠåœŠã岩柀å¥åãã®èšªååã³æçŽã®ããåããéããŠæ¥æ¬äººæ°åŠè
éãšæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«èŠªå¯ãªé¢ä¿ãçµãã§ãã£ãããã®äžã®äžäººãäžå±±æ£(å
åå€å±å€§ææ)ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãäžå±±ã¯1951幎ã«ãç§ã®åœã§ã¯ãªããåèªãæã£ãŠãããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããããã¯æ¥æ¬ã®æ°åŠè
éã®æ±ãã«å¿ããŠé«æšè²æ²»èšå¿µå·ãžã®å¯çš¿äºå®ã§ãã£ãé¡äœè«ã«é¢ãã蚌æã«å¯ŸããŠã®ããšã§ãããåœæã¢ãŒããã«ããäžå±±ã¯ãŽã§ã€ãŠã®èšŒæäžã«èª€ããèŠåºããæ¢ã«æ±äº¬ã«éãããŠãããŽã§ã€ãŠåçš¿ã®åè¡åã§ã®æ¹æ£ã«å€§ããè²¢ç®ãããããããããããŽã§ã€ãŠã¯æ¥æ¬ã§ã®æ°è«ã®ã·ã³ããžãŠã ãžã®æåŸ
ã«å¯ŸããŠããšãããå¬ããæã£ãããšããŠãããçµæãããèŠäºã§æ¥œãããŸãå®ãå€ãäŒè°ããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããã®äžã§ãå¿æäºéãè°·å±±è±ã®èæ°ä¹æ³çè«ã®ã¢ãŒãã«å€æ§äœãžã®æ¡åŒµãžã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ããŽã§ã€ãŠãšå
±éããŠããããã€äžè
ã§è£ãåãé¢ä¿ã«ãã£ãçºã«ãèªèº«ã®æ°ãããã®ãšã°ããä¿¡ããŠãããŽã§ã€ãŠã倧ãã«é©ãããŠããã
è°·å±±ã»å¿æäºæ³ã®çºæ¡è
ã§ãããæ¥æ¬ã®æ°åŠè
ãè°·å±±è±ã¯ãŽã§ã€ãŠãè©ããŠãæ¯ã«è¡£ãçããªãããããã®æ¹å€ã¯èŸèŸ£ã§ãããããæž©åãªå€§å
çæ¹ã«ã¯äœãè©å€ã¯å®ãããªãããšããäžæ¹ã§ããããäžæŠã«ææ¥ããªãã ãã®èªç±ãªç©ºæ°ããªãã£ããªãã°ãæ°åŠã¯çªæ¯ããŠããŸã£ãã§ãããããšããŠããããããŠãŽã§ã€ãŠã®å€§èãªæšæž¬ãããã¿ãªã§ã¯ãªãããšæãããããªãçºèšã«å¯Ÿããå¡çŒã以ã£ãŠã倩æã®ææ³ãäºã
ããã®ã¯å±éºã§ãããããšèšããŠãããè°·å±±ã¯ãŽã§ã€ãŠã®æèœã第äžã¯classicãªçè«ã®äžããæ¬è³ªãéãèŠæããäœããããã«æœè±¡åããäžè¬åãããã¹ãããåãèœåã第äºã«ããããå®è¡ã«ç§»ãéã«å±±ç©ããé害ã«å¯Ÿããæ«æãããè¿åè·¯ãåãããšãªããé害ãäžã€äžã€åŒ·åŒã«ããäŒããè
åãšæ¯ã®é·ãã§ãããšè©ãããå¥éºäºã奜ãã§è
åã®åŒ±ãæãåœã®å€ãã®æ°åŠè
ãã«å¯Ÿããé éã®äžéã§ãããšããã
åæä»£ã®æ°åŠè
ã»æ°çç©çåŠè
ãã«ãã³ã»ãŽã¡ã€ã«(Hermann Weyl)ãšååã䌌ãŠããããšããããåŸäžã®æ°åŠå²å®¶ã¯ãç§ãšåœŒãåäžäººç©ãªã®ããããã£ãŠæ¿ããè°è«ãããããšã«ãªãã ããããšåè«ãèšã£ãŠããã
ãŽã§ã€ãŠã¯å¿çšæ°åŠ(åæä»£çã«ã¯ãæ°åŠãšç©çåŠã®çµã¿åããã¯äžçš®ã®è±åœ¢ã§ãã£ã)ã«ã¯èå³ãç¡ããšããŠããããããã人æç§åŠè
ãå«ããŠäº€åã¯ãããå人ã®äººé¡åŠè
ã§ããã¯ããŒãã»ã¬ãŽã£=ã¹ãããŒã¹ããã®ãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢å端ã®ã ã«ã³ã®ã³æã®å©å§»å¶åºŠã®çµåãåé¡ã®è§£æ±ºäŸé Œã«å¯ŸããŠååããŠããããŽã§ã€ãŠã¯ãã®åé¡ããå©å§»ã®ããã¡ãäºã€ã®å
ãçæããã¢ãŒãã«çŸ€ã«æœè±¡åããŠæŽçã§ãããšèŠæã解決ããããã®ä»¶ã«ãããã ã«ã³ã®ã³æã«å¯Ÿãããçš®ã®ææ
ãæããããã«ãªã£ãããšåŸã«èªããŠããã
ãŽã§ã€ãŠã¯ãã«ããã®åæã¡ã³ããŒã§æåã ãã圌èªèº«ãã®ããšãéåžžã«èªãããæã£ãŠãããåšã®ååããã³ã©ã»ãã«ãããããšã£ãŠNicoletteãšåä»ããã»ã©ã§ãã£ãã
æ°åŠã¯å°æ°ã®å€©æã«ãã£ãŠé²æ©ããã®ã§ãã£ãŠã2æµä»¥äžã®æ°åŠè
ãã¡ã¯å
±é³Žç®±ã«ãããªããšãèšã£ãŠãã ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A6
|
8,182 |
ããŒã«ã»ãšã«ãã·ã¥
|
ããŒã«ã»ãšã«ãã·ã¥ããšã«ããŒã·ã¥ã»ããŒã«(ErdÅs Pál, Paul ErdÅs; (æ¬å§:EnglÀnder), 1913幎3æ26æ¥ - 1996幎9æ20æ¥)ã¯ããã³ã¬ãªãŒã»ãããã¹ãåºèº«ã®ãŠãã€ç³»ãã³ã¬ãªãŒäººã®æ°åŠè
ã§ããã20äžçŽã§æãå€ãã®è«æãæžããæ°åŠè
ã§ããã圌ã¯ãçæ¶¯ã§500人以äžãšããæ°å€ãã®æ°åŠè
ãšã®å
±åç ç©¶ãè¡ã£ãããšãšããã®å¥åŠãªã©ã€ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã§ç¥ãããŠãã(ã¿ã€ã èªã¯åœŒããå€ããè
äžã®å€ããè
ã(The Oddball's Oddball) ãšç§°ãã)ã圌ã¯ãæ©å¹Žã«ãªã£ãŠããããèµ·ããŠããæéãå
šãŠæ°åŠã«æ§ããã圌ã亡ããªã£ãã®ã¯ãã¯ã«ã·ã£ã¯ã§éå¬ãããäŒè°ã§å¹ŸäœåŠã®åé¡ãè§£ããæ°æéåŸã®ããšã ã£ãã
æ°è«ãçµåãè«ãã°ã©ãçè«ãã¯ãããéåè«ã確çè«ãçŽæ°è«ãªã©å¹
åºãåéã§èšå€§ãªçµæãæ®ãããã°ã©ãçè«ã»æ°è«ãªã©ã«ããã確çè«çæ¹æ³ãçµåãè«ã®çš®ã
ã®ãã¯ããã¯ã¯èãããç¹ã«ã»ã«ããŒã°ãšå
±ã«çŽ æ°å®çã®åççãªèšŒæãçºèŠããããšã¯æåã§ããã圌ã¯ã©ã ãŒãŒçè«ãæè·ããè²¢ç®ããç§©åºãå¿
ãçŸããæ¡ä»¶ãç ç©¶ãããåœŒã®æ°åŠã¯ã次ã
ã«åé¡ãèããŠã¯ãããè§£ããšããç¬ç¹ã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã§ãã£ããã圌ãçºããæ£çºçãªåé¡ãå®éã«ã¯çè«çã«éèŠãªãã®ã§ãã£ããããããã¯æ°ããçè«ã®çºå±ã«éåžžã«éèŠãªè²¢ç®ãããäŸãå°ãªããªãã
ãšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯ç涯ã«çŽ1500ç¯ã®è«æ(å€ãã¯å
±è)ãçºè¡šããããã以äžã®è«æãçºè¡šããæ°åŠè
ã¯ã18äžçŽã®ã¬ãªã³ãã«ãã»ãªã€ã©ãŒã®ã¿ã§ããã
åœŒã¯æ°åŠã¯ç€ŸäŒæŽ»åã§ãããšãã信念ãæã£ãŠãããä»ã®æ°åŠè
ãšæ°åŠè«æãæžããšããç®çã®ããã ãã«å·¡åçæŽ»ãå¶ãã§ããããšã«ãã·ã¥ãå€ãã®ç ç©¶è
ãšè«æãå·çããããšããããšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ãçãŸãããããã¯ãè«æã®å
±èè
å士ã§ç ç©¶è
ãã€ãªãã ãšãã«ããšã«ãã·ã¥ãšã®éã®æççµè·¯äžã®äººæ°ã衚ãããã®ã§ããã
ãšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯ã1913幎3æ26æ¥ã«ãªãŒã¹ããªã¢=ãã³ã¬ãªãŒã®ãããã¹ãã§çãŸããã圌ã¯ãAnnaãšLajos ErdÅs(æ§å§EnglÀnder)ã®éã®å¯äžå€§äººãŸã§æé·ããåäŸã ã£ãã圌ã®2人ã®å§ã¯ããããã圌ãçãŸããåã«ã3æ³ãš5æ³ã§ç©çŽ
ç±ã«ããæ»äº¡ããã䞡芪ã¯2人ãšããŠãã€äººã§ã掻çºãªç¥çã³ãã¥ããã£ã®æ°åŠæåž«ã ã£ããåœŒã¯æ©ãããæ°åŠãžã®é
åãæããŠããã圌ã®ç¶èŠªãã·ããªã¢ã®ã°ã©ã°ã«æçãããæ¯èŠªãå®¶èšãæ¯ããããã«é·æéåããªããŠã¯ãªããªãããã圌ã¯å®¶ã«1人ã§ããããšãå€ãã£ãã圌ã¯äž¡èŠªãå®¶ã«æ®ããŠããæ°åŠã®æç§æžãèªãã§ç¬åŠããã4æ³ãŸã§ã«ã幎霢ããçãŸããŠããã®ç§æ°ãæç®ã§ããããã«ãªã£ãŠãããå§ãæ©ãæ»ãã§ããããšãããæ¯èŠªãšã®éã«ç°åžžã«å¯æ¥ãªé¢ä¿ãç¯ãããŠããããšã«ãã·ã¥ã倧åŠã«å
¥åŠãããŸã§ã2人ã¯åããããã§å¯ãŠãããšèšãããŠããã
ãšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯ãåŸã«åçå¹³é¢å¹ŸäœåŠã®åé¡ã«ã€ããŠã®ããã€ãã®èšäºãæ¯æçºè¡šããã1934幎ã21æ³ã§ãããã¹ã倧åŠã§æ°åŠå士å·ãååŸããããšã«ãã·ã¥ã®è«ææå°æå¡ã¯ããžã§ã³ã»ãã©ã³ã»ãã€ãã³ããžã§ãŒãžã»ããªã¢ããã¥ã©ãŒã³ã»ããŒã«ã®è«ææå°ãããããšããããã§ã€ã§ãŒã«ã»ãªããŒãã ã£ãã圌ã®2人ã®åæ¯ã2人ã®åç¶ããã³ç¶èŠªãå«ããšã«ãã·ã¥ã®å®¶æã®å€§åã¯ãããã³ãŒã¹ãã«ãããããã¹ãã§æ»äº¡ãããåœŒã®æ¯ã¯é ããŠçãå»¶ã³ããåœæåœŒã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«åšäœããããªã³ã¹ãã³é«çç ç©¶æã§åããŠããã
1996幎9æ20æ¥ã83æ³ã®ãšãã«ã¯ã«ã·ã£ã¯ã§ã®äŒè°ã«åºåžäžã«å¿èçºäœã§æ»äº¡ããã圌ã¯çµå©ããŠããããåäŸãããªãã£ãã圌ã¯ãããã¹ãã®ã³ãºãéãå¢å°(è±èªç)ã®åºç»17A-6-29ã§æ¯èŠªãšç¶èŠªã®é£ã«åè¬ãããŠãããå¢ç¢æã«ã¯ããšã«ãã·ã¥èªèº«ã®çåã®ææ¡ã«ãã"Végre nem butulok tovább"(I will not go any further. ãã以äžé²ãã€ããã¯ãªã)ãšæžãããŠããã圌ã®ç涯ã¯ã圌ã®çåã«äœãããããã¥ã¡ã³ã¿ãªãŒæ ç»ãN Is a Number: A Portrait of Paul ErdÅsãããæ»åŸã®äŒèšãæŸæµªã®å€©ææ°åŠè
ãšã«ãã·ã¥(è±èªç)ã(1998幎)ã«ãŸãšããããŠããã
ãšã«ãã·ã¥ (ErdÅs) ã®ååã«ã¯ãã³ã¬ãªãŒèªã®" Å "(ããã«ã¢ãã¥ãŒãã€ãã®"o")ãå«ãŸãããã誀ã£ãŠããŸãã¯æŽ»åããªãããã«ãErdos ã Erdös ãšè¡šèšãããããšãããããã
çæ¶¯ã®ã»ãšãã©ãæ
ã«éãããè¡ãå
ã
ã§è²ã
ãªæ°åŠè
ãã¡ãšç ç©¶ãå
±èã§è«æãçºè¡šããããšã奜ãã ã
ãšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯ç©ãææããããšã«ã»ãšãã©æå³ãèŠåºããªãã£ããåœŒã®æã¡ç©ã¯ã¹ãŒãã±ãŒã¹1ã€ã«åãŸãã ãããããã¯ã圌ã®å·¡åçãªç掻æ§åŒã«åããããã®ã§ãããè³ããã®ä»ã®åå
¥ã¯ãéåžžãå¿
èŠãªäººã
ãããŸããŸãªäŸ¡å€ããç®çã®ããã«å¯ä»ãããã圌ã¯äžçäžã®ç§åŠäŒè°ã倧åŠããããŠååã®å®¶åºã®éãæ
ããŠããã圌ã¯å®¢å¡è¬åž«ãšããŠå€§åŠããã®å¥šå±éãæ§ã
ãªæ°åŠè³ã®è³éãããæ
è¡ãå¿
èŠæå°éã®ç©ã®ããã®è³éãæ»åºããæ®ã£ããéã¯ãããšã«ãã·ã¥ã®åé¡ã(åŸè¿°)ã蚌æãã人ã®è³éãšããŠããã圌ã¯å€ãã®å Žåãååã®çé¢å£ã«çŸããŠãç§ã®è³ã¯éããŠããã(my brain is open) ãšè¿°ã¹ãããã€ãã®è«æãå
±åç·šéããããã«é·ãæ»åšããæ¬¡ã®å Žæãžç§»åããŠãããå€ãã®å Žåã圌ã¯çŸåšã®ååè
ã«æ¬¡ã«ã©ãã蚪åããã°ãããå°ããŠããã
圌ã®ååã®ã¬ãŒãã»ã¢ã«ãã¬ãŒãã¯ãæ°åŠè
ã¯ã³ãŒããŒãå®çã«å€æããæ©æ¢°ã§ããããšè¿°ã¹ããããšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯å€éã®ã³ãŒããŒã飲ãã§ãã(ãã®èšèã¯ãã°ãã°ãšã«ãã·ã¥ã«èª€ã£ãŠåž°ãããããããšã«ãã·ã¥èªèº«ã¯ãããã¬ãŒãã«åž°ããŠããã)
圌ã®äŒèš(éŠé¡ãæŸæµªã®å€©ææ°åŠè
ãšã«ãã·ã¥ã)ã«ã¯ãåç©é€šã«è¡ã£ãŠãã€ããŠããã®ã¯åœŒã®äœã ãã ã£ããçãæ°åŠãžã®æ
ç±ãå
·äœçã«ç€ºããããªèšè¿°ãå€ãããã圌ãããã«çŽç²ãªç ç©¶è
ã§ãã£ããã窺ãããããã€å¯ãŠãããåãããªãã»ã©æ°åŠã«æ²¡é ããŠããããããäžæ¥19æéæ°åŠã®åé¡ãèããŠãããšããããŠãããããã»ã©ã®é·æéãç ç©¶ã«å²ããèæ¯ãšããŠãã¢ã³ãã§ã¿ãã³ãåžžçšããŠãããšããããšãæããããã1971幎以éã圌ã¯å人ã®å¿é
ã«ãããããããã¢ã³ãã§ã¿ãã³ãåžžçšããããã®å人ã®äžäººã§ãããã³ã»ã°ã©ãã ãšã1ã¶æéè¬ãæ¢ãããããã©ããã§500ãã«ã®è³ããããããšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯1ã¶æéæçšãæã£ãŠãã®è³ãã«åå©ãããããã®éç ç©¶ã¯å
šãé²ãŸãªãã£ãããã§ããããã®åŸåœŒã¯ãããã«è¬ã®æçšãåéããã
圌ã¯ç¬ç¹ãªèªåœãæã£ãŠããã圌ã¯äžå¯ç¥è«çç¡ç¥è«è
(è±èªç)ã§ãã£ããã圌ã¯ããã®æ¬ã("The Book") ã®ã¿ã¯ä¿¡ããŠãããããã¯ãå
šãŠã®å®çãçè«ãæ²èŒãããæ³åäžã®æ¬ã§ãããäžçš®ã®ã¢ã«ã·ãã¯ã¬ã³ãŒããšãåŒã¹ããã®ã§ããã1985幎ã®è¬æŒã§ã¯ããç¥ãä¿¡ããå¿
èŠã¯ãªãããããã®æ¬ãã¯ä¿¡ããã¹ãã ããšèšã£ãã圌èªèº«ã¯ãç¥(圌ã¯"Supreme Fascist"(æé«ã®ãã¡ã·ã¹ããSF)ãšåŒãã )ã®ååšãçã£ãã圌ã¯ãéŽäžããã¹ããŒããé ããæãåªé
ãªæ°åŠç蚌æãèªåèªèº«ã®äžã«æã£ãŠãããšããçç±ã§SFãéé£ããã圌ã¯ç¹ã«çŸããæ°åŠçãªèšŒæ ãèŠããšãããããã¯ããã®æ¬ãããæ¥ããã®ã !ããšèšã£ããåŸã«æžããããProofs from THE BOOK(è±èªç)ããšããæ¬ã®ã¿ã€ãã«ã¯ããã®èšèããåããããã®ã§ããã
ãã®ä»ã®ãšã«ãã·ã¥ã®ç¬ç¹ãªèªåœã«ã¯ã以äžã®ãã®ãããã
圌ã¯å€ãã®åœã«ããã¯ããŒã ãä»ãããäŸãã°ãç±³åœã¯ããµã ã©ã³ã (samland)ã(ã¢ã³ã¯ã«ãµã ãã)ããœé£ã¯ããžã§ãŒãã (joedom)ã(ãšã·ãã»ã¹ã¿ãŒãªã³ãã)ãã€ã¹ã©ãšã« (Israel) ã¯ãã€ãºãªã¢ã« (isreal)ããšãã£ãã
1970幎ã«ããµã³ãŒã«ã¹ã§ãæ°åŠã«ãããç§ã®åãã®25å幎ãã«ã€ããŠã説æãããéã«ã¯ããç§ãåäŸã®ãšããå°çã¯20åæ³ã ãšèšãããŠãããä»ã§ã¯ããã45åæ³ã ãšç§åŠè
ãã¡ã¯èšãããããªãã°ç§ã¯25åæ³ã«ãªãããšèªã£ããæç«ã¯ã©ãã ã£ãããšåããããšãããã ãããèŠããŠãªãã幎å¯ãã¯ããè¥ãææã®ããšããèŠããŠããªãããæç«ã¯æšæ¥ããã£ã1å幎åã«çãŸããããããšçãããšããã
1934幎ã圌ã¯å®¢å¡è¬åž«ãšãªãããã«ã€ã³ã°ã©ã³ãã®ãã³ãã§ã¹ã¿ãŒã«è»¢å±
ããã1938幎ã圌ã¯ããªã³ã¹ãã³å€§åŠã§å¥šåŠéå絊è
ãšããŠåœŒã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã®æåã®å°äœãåãå
¥ããããããã®æããã倧åŠãã倧åŠãžæ
è¡ãç¶ããããã«ãªã£ãã圌ã¯1ã€ã®å Žæã«é·ãçãŸãããæ»ã¬ãŸã§æ°åŠã®ç ç©¶æ©é¢ã®éãè¡ãæ¥ããã
1954幎ãç±³åœåžæ°æš©ã»ç§»æ°æ¥åå±(è±èªç)ã¯ããã³ã¬ãªãŒåžæ°ã§ãããšã«ãã·ã¥ãžã®åå
¥åœãã¶ã®çºçµŠããçç±ã®å®å
šãªèª¬æãªãã«æåŠããããšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯åœæããŒãã«ãã 倧åŠã§æè·ã«å°±ããŠããã®ã§ãç±³åœã«çãŸãããšãéžã¶ããšãã§ãããããã圌ã¯è·ç©ããŸãšãã宿çã«ç§»æ°æ¥åå±ã«å審æ»ãèŠæ±ããã
åœæããã³ã¬ãªãŒã¯ãœé£ãšã®ã¯ã«ã·ã£ã¯æ¡çŽã®äžã«ãã£ãããã³ã¬ãªãŒæ¿åºã¯èªåœåžæ°ã®åºå
¥åœã®èªç±ãå¶éããŠãããã1956幎ã«ãšã«ãã·ã¥ã«å¥œããªã ãå
¥åºåœãèªããããç¬å çç¹æš©ãäžãããç±³åœç§»æ°å±ã¯1963幎ã«ãšã«ãã·ã¥ã«ãã¶ãçºçµŠãã圌ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®å€§åŠã§ã®ææãæ
è¡ãåéããã10幎åŸã®1973幎ã60æ³ã®ãšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯èªäž»çã«ãã³ã¬ãªãŒããéå»ããã
æ©å¹Žã®æ°å幎éã§ããšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯å°ãªããšã15ã®åèªå士å·ãååŸããã圌ã¯ç±³åœåœç«ç§åŠã¢ã«ãããŒãšè±åœçç«åäŒãå«ã8ã¶åœã®ç§åŠã¢ã«ãããŒã«å å
¥ãããåœŒã¯æ»ã®çŽåãååã§ãã£ããžã§ã³ã»ãã³ãã£(è±èªç)ã®è§£éåŠåã«å¯Ÿããæè°ãšããŠããŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒã«ãŒå€§åŠã§ã®åèªåŠäœãè¿äžããŠããã
ãšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯æ°åŠçãªæŽå²ã®äžã§ãã¬ãªã³ãã«ãã»ãªã€ã©ãŒã®æ¬¡ã«å€ãã®è«æãæžããæ°åŠè
ã§ããããã ãããšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯ãªã€ã©ãŒãšéã£ãŠè«æã®å€§å€æ°ãä»ã®æ°åŠè
ãšã®å
±åã§çºè¡šããããšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯ç涯ã«çŽ1,525ã®æ°åŠè«æãæžãããããããã®å€§éšåã¯ä»ã®æ°åŠè
ãšã®å
±èã§ããã圌ã¯ãæ°åŠãç€ŸäŒæŽ»åãšããŠåŒ·ãä¿¡ããå®è·µããã圌ã¯ç涯ã«511人ã®ç ç©¶è
ãšå
±åç ç©¶ãè¡ã£ãã
ãšã«ãã·ã¥ã®æ°åŠã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã¯ããçè«ã®éçºè
ããšããããã¯ãåé¡ã®è§£æ±ºè
ãã§ãã(ãã£ã¢ã·ãŒã»ã¬ã¯ãŒãºã®"The Two Cultures of Mathematics"ãåç
§ã2ã€ã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãšããªãåé¡ã®è§£æ±ºè
ã¯ããŸãè©äŸ¡ãããªããã詳现ã«è«ããŠãã)ããžã§ãšã«ã»ã¹ãã³ãµãŒ(è±èªç)ã¯ãã20äžçŽã®æ°åŠè
ãã¡ã®äžã«ããã圌ã®äœçœ®ã¯ã圌ã®èåãªçµæŽãéããŠç¹å®ã®å®çãšäºæ³ã«æåºãšããŠéäžããŠãããããè«äºäžã®åé¡ã§ããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯ãæ°åŠçã®æé«ã®è³ã§ãããã£ãŒã«ãºè³ãåè³ããããšããªããåè³ãã人ç©ãšå
±èããããšããªããä»ã®è³ã«ã€ããŠãåæ§ã§ããã圌ã¯ãŠã«ãè³ã¯åè³ããŠãããæè³çç±ã¯ããæ°è«ãçµåãæ°åŠã確çè«ãéåè«ãè§£æåŠãžã®èåãªè²¢ç®ãããäžçäžã®æ°åŠè
ãå人çã«åºæ¿ããããšããªã©ã§ããã
圌ã®è²¢ç®ã®ãã¡ãã©ã ãŒãŒçè«ã®çºå±ãšç¢ºççæ¹æ³(è±èªç)ã®é©çšãç¹ã«éç«ã€ã極å€çµåãè«(è±èªç)ã¯ãè§£æçæŽæ°è«ã®äŒçµ±ããéšåçã«å°ãããå
šäœçãªã¢ãããŒãã圌ã«äžããŠããããšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯ãããããã£ã»ãã§ãã·ã§ãã®å
ã®ãã®ãããã¯ããã«è¿ããšèšŒæããããã«ãã©ã³ã®ä»®èª¬ã®èšŒæãçºèŠããã圌ã¯ã¢ãã«ã»ã»ã«ããŒã°ãšå
±ã«çŽ æ°å®çã®åçç蚌æ(è±èªç)ãçºèŠããããããã蚌æã«è³ãç¶æ³ããçºè¡šã«ã€ããŠã®æèŠã®çžéã¯ããšã«ãã·ã¥ãšã»ã«ããŒã°ã®éã§æ¿ããè«äºãæããããšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯ãŸããããããžãŒã®ãããªã»ãšãã©é¢å¿ã®ãªãåéã«è²¢ç®ãã0次å
ã§ã¯ãªãå®å
šäžé£çµããããžãŒç©ºéã®äŸãäžããæåã®äººç©ãšãããŠããããŸãã髿 ¡çã®æã«ã«ãžã£ã³ãã«ã®å®çãçšããŠããã«ãã©ã³=ãã§ãã·ã§ãã®å®çã«åççãªèšŒæãäžããã
圌ã®ãã£ãªã¢ãéããŠããšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯æªè§£æ±ºåé¡ã解決ããè
ã«å¯ŸããŠè³éãèŽã£ãããã®é¡ã¯ãçŸåšã®æ°åŠçæè(圌ãšä»è
ã®äž¡æ¹)ã®ç¯å²å€ã ãšåœŒãæããåé¡ã«å¯Ÿãã25ãã«ãããæ»æãå°é£ã§æ°åŠçã«ãéèŠãªåé¡ã«ã€ããŠã¯æ°åãã«ã«åãã ãè³éã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªãåé¡ã®å
¬åŒãã€å
æ¬çãªäžèЧã¯ãªãããå以äžã®æªè§£æ±ºåé¡ããããšèããããŠããããšã«ãã·ã¥ã®æ»åŸãè³éã®æäŸã¯åŒãç¶ãè¡ãããŠãããããã«ãã»ã°ã©ãã ã(éå
¬åŒãª)管çè
ãšãªã£ãŠãããåé¡ã解決ããè
ã¯ããšã«ãã·ã¥ãçåã«çœ²åãããªãªãžãã«ã®å°åæ(æéã®ã§ããªãåãªãèšå¿µå)ããã°ã©ãã ã«ããæéå¯èœãªå°åæã®ãããããåãåãããšãã§ããã
æ°åŠçã«æãéèŠã§ãããšèããããåé¡ã¯ãçå·®æ°åã«é¢ãããšã«ãã·ã¥äºæ³(è±èªç)ã§ããã
ãããçã§ããã°ãæ°è«ã«ãããä»ã®ããã€ãã®æªè§£æ±ºåé¡ã解決ããããšã«ãªã(çŽ æ°ã®åã«ä»»æã®é·ãã®çå·®æ°åãå«ãŸããŠãããšããããã®äºæ³ã®äž»ãªå
å«ã¯ãã°ãªãŒã³ã»ã¿ãªã®å®çãšã¯ç¬ç«ã«èšŒæãããŠãã)ããã®åé¡ã解決ãããšæ¯æãããéé¡ã¯ãçŸåšã5000ãã«ã§ããã
ãšã«ãã·ã¥è³ã®æãããç¥ãããåé¡ã¯ã3N+1åé¡ãšãåŒã°ããã³ã©ããäºæ³ã§ããããšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯ã解決ãã人ã«500ãã«ãæäŸãããšç³ãåºãã
åœŒãšæãé »ç¹ã«å
±åç ç©¶ãè¡ã£ãåŠè
ã«ã¯ããã³ã¬ãªãŒã®æ°åŠè
ã·ã£ã«ã±ãžã»ã¢ã³ãã©ãŒã·ã¥(62ä»¶)ããã€ãã«ã»ã¢ã³ãã©ãŒã·ã¥(è±èªç)(56ä»¶)ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æ°åŠè
ã©ã«ãã»ãã©ãŒããªãŒ(è±èªç)(50ä»¶)ããããä»ã®äž»ãªå
±åç ç©¶è
ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ããã
äžèšä»¥å€ã®ãšã«ãã·ã¥ãšã®å
±åç ç©¶è
ã«ã€ããŠã¯ããšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ãæã€äººç©ã®äžèЧ(è±èªç)ã®ããšã«ãã·ã¥æ°1ãã®éšåãåç
§ã
ãšã«ãã·ã¥ã«å
±èè«æãéåžžã«å€ãããšããããšã«ãã·ã¥ã®å人ãã¡ã¯ãæ¬æãšè»œããŠãŒã¢ã¢ã蟌ããŠãšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ãäœã£ãããšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ã¯ãå
±èè«æã«ããçµã³ä»ãã«ãããŠããšã«ãã·ã¥ãšã©ãã ãè¿ããã衚ãããšã«ãã·ã¥èªèº«ã®ãšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ã 0 ãšãã圌ãšçŽæ¥å
±åç ç©¶ããç ç©¶è
ã¯ãšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ã 1 ã«ãªãããšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ã n ã®ç ç©¶è
ãšå
±åç ç©¶ããç ç©¶è
㯠n + 1 ã®ãšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ãæã€ããšã«ãã·ã¥æ° 1 ã®æ°åŠè
ã¯ã2007幎2æ28æ¥ã®æç¹ã§511人ãããšããããçŽ200,000äººã®æ°åŠè
ã«ãšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ãå²ãåœãŠãããŠãããäžçã®æŽ»çºãªæ°åŠè
ã®90%ã8ããå°ãããšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ãæã£ãŠãããšæšå®ãããŠãã(ã¹ã¢ãŒã«ã»ã¯ãŒã«ãçŸè±¡ã«ç
§ããã°é©ãããšã§ã¯ãªã)ãç©çåŠãå·¥åŠãçç©åŠãçµæžåŠã®åéã®ç§åŠè
ã®å€ãã¯ãæ°åŠè
ãšã®å
±èè«æã«ãããšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ãæã£ãŠããã
ããã€ãã®ç ç©¶ã«ãããç¹ã«æ°åŠã®æå°è
ã«ã¯ãšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ãäœããªãåŸåãããããšã瀺ãããŠãããäŸãã°ããšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ãæã£ãŠããçŽ268,000äººã®æ°åŠè
ã®ãšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ã®äžå€®å€ã¯5ã§ããããã£ãŒã«ãºè³åè³è
ã®ãšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ã®äžå€®å€ã¯3ã§ããã2015幎çŸåšãçŽ11,000äººã®æ°åŠè
ã2以äžã®ãšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ãæã£ãŠããããšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ãå°ãªãæ°åŠè
ãæ»ã«ããã®äººç©ãšã®å
±åç ç©¶ãã§ããªããªãããšã§ãé·ãæéã¹ã±ãŒã«ã§èŠããšå¿
ç¶çã«æ°åŠè
å
šäœã®ãšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ã¯å¢å ããåŸåã«ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«æ°åŠåäŒã¯ãMathematical Reviewsã«ã¿ãã°ã«èšèŒãããŠããå
šãŠã®æ°åŠè
ã®ãšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ã決å®ããç¡æã®ãªã³ã©ã€ã³ããŒã«ãæäŸããŠããã
ãšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ã¯ããšã«ãã·ã¥æ°2ãæã€è§£æåŠè
ã®ãã£ã¹ããŒã»ãŽããã³ Casper Goffman) ã«ãã£ãŠæåã«å®çŸ©ãããå¯èœæ§ãæãé«ãããŽããã³ã¯ã1969幎ã«"And what is your ErdÅs number?"(ãããŠããªãã®ãšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ã¯?)ãšããã¿ã€ãã«ã§ããšã«ãã·ã¥ã®å€å²ã«ãããå
±åäœæ¥ã«ã€ããŠã®èšäºãæžããŠããã
ãžã§ã©ã«ãã»ã°ãã¹ãã³ (Jerry Grossman) ã¯ãéçéžæã®ãã³ã¯ã»ã¢ãŒãã³ã¯ãšã«ãã·ã¥æ°1ãæã€ãšäž»åŒµããŠãããã¢ãŒãã³ãšãšã«ãã·ã¥ãåãæ¥ã«ãšã¢ãªãŒå€§åŠã§åèªåŠäœãæäžããããšããã«ãŒã«ã»ãã¡ã©ã³ã¹ã®æ±ãã§2人ãåãéçããŒã«ã«ãµã€ã³ããããã§ããã幌å
ã銬ãäœäººãã®ä¿³åªã®ãšã«ãã·ã¥æ°ãææ¡ãããŠããã
ãšã«ãã·ã¥ã¯"Paul Erdos P.G.O.M."ãšçœ²åããã60æ³ã®æã«"L.D."ãä»ãå ããããã65æ³ã®æã«ã¯"A.D."ã«ã70æ³ã®æã«"L.D."ã«ã75æ³ã®æã«"C.D."ã«å€ãã£ããããããã®ç¥èªã¯ä»¥äžã®æå³ã§ããã
ãšã«ãã·ã¥ãäž»é¡ãšããæ¬ã¯å°ãªããšã3åãããããŒã«ã»ãããã³(è±èªç)ã®The Man Who Loved Only Numbers(æ¥æ¬èªèš³é¡ãæŸæµªã®å€©ææ°åŠè
ãšã«ãã·ã¥(è±èªç)ã)ãšããã«ãŒã¹ã»ã·ã§ãã¿ãŒã®My Brain is Open(æ¥æ¬èªèš³é¡ãMy brain is open 20äžçŽæ°åŠçã®ç°æããŒã«ã»ãšã«ãã·ã¥æŸæµªèšã)ã®2åã®äŒèšã¯ããšãã«1998幎ã«çºåãããä»ã«2013幎ã«çºåããããã©ã»ãã€ãªã°ãã³(è±èªç)ã®åäŸåãã®çµµæ¬The Boy Who Loved Math; The Improbable Life of Paul ErdÅsãããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5
|
8,183 |
åœæ°
|
åœæ°(ããã¿ããè±: nationals)ãšã¯ãåœå®¶ãæ§æãã人æ°ã®ããšã§ããã
ãåœã«å±ããåã
ã®äººéããæãå Žåãšããåœã«å¯Ÿå¿ãã瀟äŒéå£å
šäœããæãå Žåãšããããåœã«ãã£ãŠã¯è°å¡ã®ã¿ã®ç¶æ
ã衚ãåèªã§ããããå
±ç£äž»çŸ©çãªãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ã嫿ªãããªã©ã®çç±ã§ã人æ°ã(people)(ããã¿ã)ã®èšãæããšããŠçšããããããšãå€ãããå€åœäººãå«ããã©ãããªã©æå³åããå€ããããããåœæ°ãã§ã¯ãªãã人ã
ããªã©ãšèšãæããå ŽåããããããŒã·ã§ã³ãåç
§ããããã
åã
ã®äººéãæãå Žåãåœæ°ãšã¯ããç¹å®ã®åœã«ãããŠããã®åœã®åœç±ãæã€è
ããããåœæ°ãšå¯Ÿæ¯ããŠããã®åœã®åœç±ããããªãè
ãå€åœäººãšããã
è¿ä»£ã«æç«ããåœæ°åœå®¶ã§ã¯ãç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸãåœå
ã§ã¯äººçš®ã»æ§å¥çã«ããæ Œå·®ãæ¯æ£ãæ³ã®äžã®å¹³çã確ä¿ããããšããäžæ¹ã§ãåºå
¥åœç®¡çã峿 Œåãããªã©å€åœäººãæé€ãåœæ°ãšã®å·®ãæç¢ºã«ããåããé²å±ãããå®äœå€åœäººã¯ãã°ãã°ãã®çéã«çœ®ãããååšã§ããã
äœããã®å
±é屿§ãæ ¹æ ã«ããŠãŸãšãŸã£ãåºåã®æ¿æ²»çå
±åäœããéåçã«åœæ°ãšåŒã¶ããšããããåœæ°ã¯ãå±
äœããå°çç¯å²ã«äžã€ã®åœå®¶ã圢æããããšãäºå®ãããããã®ãããªæ¡ä»¶ãæºããåœå®¶ããåœæ°åœå®¶ãšåŒã¶ããã®æå³ã§ã®åœæ°ã¯ãæ°æãšéãªãäŸãå€ãããèšèªã»æåã«åºã¥ããªãåœæ°ããããããå®å
šã«åçãšããããã§ã¯ãªãã
åœæ°ãæã€ãšããã屿§ã¯ãæåã»èšèªã»å®æã»æŽå²çµéšãªã©åœã«ãã£ãŠåºæºãç°ãªãããŸããã©ã®ãããªåºæºããšã£ãŠãåœå
å€ã«ããããå€ãã人ãã§ãŠããããã®ãããªéžè±ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãååã»ææ¥ã»è¿œæŸãªã©ã®åããçããå Žåãããã
åœæ°ã¯ãå
±é屿§ã®ç£ç©ã§ã¯ãªããæ¿æ²»ã®ç£ç©ã§ãããåœæ°ã®æè·è
ãåºçŸãããã®å®£äŒãæè²ãæåããŠã人ã
ãèªãã宣äŒãããåºåã§ã®åœæ°ã§ãããšèªèŠãããšãã«ãåœæ°ãçãŸããããããã£ã¯ãã»ã¢ã³ããŒãœã³ã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«èª¬ããåœæ°ããæ³åã®å
±åäœããšèŠå®ãããå®éã«ãå
±é屿§ãæã€éå£ãåœæ°æèãçãŸãªãããšã¯éåžžã«å€ããã¹ã€ã¹ã®äŸã®ããã«å
±é屿§ããªããšããã«åœæ°æèãçãŸããããšãçšã«ããã
ãã€ãŽã£ããã»ãã©ãŒã¯ããã·ã§ããªãã£(åœæ°æè)ã¯ãã·ã§ãã«ã»ã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ãšããŠã人éã®ã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ã®æ§æããéèŠãªèŠçŽ ã ãšããããã ããä»ã®ã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ãæé€ããããç¹æš©çãªäœçœ®ã«ããããã§ãç¡ããšæ³šæããŠããããŸãããã·ã§ããªãã£ã«ã¯ããŒã·ã§ã³(åèåœæ°)ãšããå«çå
±åäœãäœããæ£çŸ©ãåé
ãšãã£ãèŠç¯ã圢æããããçš®ã®çŸ©åæãçããããæ©èœãããããã·ã§ããªãã£ã«ãã£ãŠäœãäžããããããŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ãå
±åã§ç©äºã決ããŠããæ¿æ²»ã®åºæ¬çãªåäœã§ãããšããã
äžæ¹ã§å¯Ÿå
çã«ã¯ãåœæ°ãšããæŠå¿µã¯æ¿æ²»ãäžéšã®ç¹æš©è
ãæåè
ã ãã«é¢ãããã®ãšããèããéãããå°ãªããšã芳念çã«ã¯ããã®ç¯å²å
ã®ãã¹ãŠã®äººã身åã財ç£ãèœåçã«é¢ãããæ¿æ²»å
±åäœã®äžã«å«ããåœå®¶ã®è¡çºããã¹ãŠã®äººã®å
±åè¡çºãšã¿ãªãã
ãããããåœæ°ãšããæŠå¿µããã¯ãããå
±é屿§ããå€ãã人ãæé€ã(å Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯å·®å¥ã)ã€ã€ãåºåã£ãç¯å²å
ã«ãããŠã¯äººãå¹³çåãããšããäºéã®äœçšãçãŸããããã®ãããªåœæ°ãæ±ããéåã¯ãæŽå²çã«ã¯ã18äžçŽã®ãšãŒãããã§åœæ°äž»çŸ©ãšããŠå§ãŸãã20äžçŽã«ã¯äžçäžã«åºãŸã£ãã
æé«æ³èŠã§ããæ²æ³ã«ãããŠåœæ°äž»æš©ãå®ããåœå®¶ã«ãããŠãåœæ°ã¯äž»æš©ãæããäž»ã«éžææš©åã³è¢«éžææš©ã以ã£ãŠåæ¿æš©ãè¡äœ¿ããããšãã§ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91
|
8,184 |
岡æœ
|
岡 æœ(ãã ãããã1901å¹Žãææ²»34幎ã4æ19æ¥ - 1978幎ãæå53幎ã3æ1æ¥)ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®æ°åŠè
ãçåŠå士(京éœåžåœå€§åŠãã»è«æå士ã»1940幎)ãå¥è¯å¥³å倧åŠåèªææãå¥è¯åžåèªåžæ°ãåŸäžäœå²äžççå®ç« ã
1901幎(ææ²»34幎)4æ19æ¥ã«å€§éªåºå€§éªåžã§çãŸãããç¶ç¥ã®å°ã¯åæå±±çäŒéœé¡çŽèŠæã§ããã1925幎(倧æ£14幎)ã京éœåžåœå€§åŠè¬åž«ã1929幎(æå4幎)ãå倧åŠå©ææã1929幎(æå4幎)ããã©ã³ã¹çåŠãäžè°·å®åéãšäžè°·æ²»å®äºéã«åºäŒãã劻ã®å²¡ãããåæµããã1932幎(æå7幎)ãåºå³¶æçç§å€§åŠå©ææã1938幎(æå13幎)ãç
æ°ã§é·éã«æ»ããå€é«ã®ç ç©¶çæŽ»ã«èº«ãæããã1941幎(æå16幎)ãåæµ·éåžåœå€§åŠç ç©¶è£å©ãæå¹åžåšäœã®ãçµçã«äºãå¿è
¹ã®åã ã£ãäžè°·å®åéãšæ§äº€ãæž©ãããåã³åž°é·ããé·éã§çµæŠãè¿ããã1949幎(æå24幎)ãå¥è¯å¥³åå€§åŠææã1961幎(æå36幎)ãæ©æ¬åžåèªåžæ°ã1968幎(æå43幎)ãå¥è¯åžåèªåžæ°ã
ãã©ã³ã¹çåŠæä»£ã«ãçæ¶¯ã®ç ç©¶ããŒãã§ããå€å€æ°è€çŽ é¢æ°è«ã«åºäŒããåœæãŸã ãŸã çºå±éäžã§ãã£ãå€å€æ°è€çŽ é¢æ°è«ã«ãããŠå€§ããªæ¥çžŸãæ®ãããäžå€æ°è€çŽ é¢æ°è«ã¯è§£æåŠããæ°åŠçè§£æã«è³ãéåã§ãããããã§ã¯å¹Ÿäœã代æ°ãè§£æãäžäœãšãªã£ãçè«ãå±éããããæ¬æ¥ããã¹ãæ°åŠã¯ããã倿¬¡å
åãã詊ã¿ã§ãããšèãããããäžå€æ°è€çŽ é¢æ°è«ã®çŽ æŽãªäžè¬åã¯å€å€æ°è€çŽ é¢æ°è«ã§ãããã®ã®ãå€å€æ°è€çŽ é¢æ°è«ã«ã¯äžå€æ°è€çŽ é¢æ°è«ã«ã¯ãªãã£ããããªæ¬è³ªçãªå°é£ã䌎ãããããã®å°é£ãäžäººã§ä¹ãè¶ããŠèéãéæãã人ç©ãã岡ã§ããã
å
·äœçã«ã¯äžã€ã®å€§åé¡ã®è§£æ±ºãæåã ããç¹ã«åœæã®éèŠãªæªè§£æ±ºåé¡ã§ãã£ããã«ããŒã¯ã¹ã®éåé¡(ã¬ãŽã£ã®åé¡ãšããããããã³é¢é£ãã諞åé¡)ã«æã¿ãçŽäºåå¹Žã®æ³æããããŠããã(å
åå²ããªãæéé åã«ãããŠ)解決ããã岡ã¯ãã®éçšã§çã¿åºããæŠå¿µãäžå®åã€ãã¢ã«ãšããããã¢ã³ãªã»ã«ã«ã¿ã³ãçé ãšãããã©ã³ã¹ã®æ°åŠè
éããã®æŠå¿µãåºã«é£æ¥å±€ãšããçŸä»£ã®æ°åŠã«ãããŠæ¥µããŠéèŠãªæŠå¿µãå®çŸ©ããããŸããè§£æé¢æ°ã§ããã¯ã¶ã³ã®ç¬¬2åé¡ãè§£ãããã«ã¯ãéè§£æé¢æ°ã§ããé£ç¶é¢æ°ã®åé¡ã«çœ®ãæããã¹ãã§ãããšããã岡ã®åçããèåã§ããã
ãã®åŒ·çãªç°åœ©ãæŸã€æ¥çžŸãããè¥¿æ¬§ã®æ°åŠçã§ã¯ããããã£ãäžäººã®æ°åŠè
ã«ãããã®ãšã¯åœåä¿¡ããããã岡æœãã¯ãã³ã©ã»ãã«ããã®ãããªæ°åŠè
éå£ã«ãããã³ããŒã ã§ããããšæãããŠããããšãããã
京éœåžåœå€§åп代ã«ã¯æ¹¯å·ç§æš¹ãææ°žæ¯äžéãã岡ã®è¬çŸ©ãåããŠãããç©çåŠã®ææ¥ããããã»ã©åºæ¿çã ã£ããšèªã£ãŠããã
äžææãåºå³¶æçç§å€§åп代ã«ç²Ÿç¥äžå®å®ç¶æ
ã«é¥ããåŠçã«ããè¬çŸ©ã®ãã€ã³ãããªã©ãçµéšããããå¥è¯å¥³åå€§åŠæä»£ã«ã¯ãäžããããä»»åã«ã¯äœäºãå
šèº«å
šéã§åãçµããšããåœŒã®æ§æ Œããã女åæè²ã«é¢ããè«æãæžããªã©ãæè²ã«ãå¿ãé
ã£ãã
åºäžå¹³ç¥ã33æ³ã§ã³ãã³ãã¢å€§åŠææã«å°±ä»»ã決ãŸã£ãæãæªè§£æ±ºåé¡ã§ãã£ã代æ°å€æ§äœã®ç¹ç°ç¹è§£æ¶åé¡ã«ã€ããŠæ¥æ¬æ°åŠäŒã§è¬æŒããããã®å
容ã¯ãäžè¬çã«èããã®ã§ã¯åé¡ãããŸãã«é£ãããããæ§ã
ãªå¶éæ¡ä»¶ãä»ãã圢ã§ãŸãã¯ç ç©¶ããããšããææ¡ã§ãã£ãããã®æã岡ãç«ã¡äžãããåé¡ãè§£ãããã«ã¯ãåºäžãææ¡ããããã«å¶éæ¡ä»¶ãä»ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããããéã«ãã£ãšçæ³åããé£ããåé¡ãèšå®ããŠããããè§£ãã¹ãã§ãããšèšã£ãããã®åŸãåºäžã¯å¶éãå€ããŠçæ³åãã圢ã§è§£ãããã£ãŒã«ãºè³ã®åè³æ¥çžŸãšãªãã
å¥è¯å¥³å倧åŠéå®åŸã京éœç£æ¥å€§åŠææãšãªããæ¥æ¬æ°æããè¬çŸ©ããã
æ©å¹Žã®äž»åŒµã¯è¶
髿¬¡å
ã®çæ³ã§ããçåçŸåŠã倧åã«ãããšãããã®ã§ãçã«ã¯ç¥ãåã«ã¯æãçŸã«ã¯æ
ã察å¿ããããããåŠãçµ±æ¬ãæºã察å¿ãããšè¿°ã¹ããäžæ¹ã§æ¥æ¬æ°æã¯äººé¡ã®äžã§ããšãããæ
ã®æ°æã§ãããããæ ¹æ¬ã¯æ
ã§ããã¹ããšãèªã£ãããŸãæ¥æ¬æ°æã¯ç¥ãäžåŸæã§ããããã西æŽçãªã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ããæ±æŽçãªæ
æã»æ
ç·ã倧åã«ããããšã§å奿ºãšç¡å·®å¥æºã®åãã«ããç¥ã身ã«ã€ããã¹ããšæå±ããŠãããããã«çŸä»£æ¥æ¬ã¯èªä»åŒå¥æ¬èœãçæ§äž»çŸ©ãåç䞻矩ãç©è³ªäž»çŸ©ãå
±ç£äž»çŸ©ãªã©ã«ãããæ±æãããŠããããšèŠéã鳎ãããããããç¡æãšäœçœ®ã¥ããå¿ã®åœ©ããç¥ä»£èª¿ã«æ»ãçåœã®åã³ãæããããšã§ç¡éã«æšãŠãã¹ããšè¿°ã¹ãã
岡ã¯ä»æãããææãŸã§ä¿¡ä»°ããŠãããç¹ã«å±±åŽåŒæ ã«åž°äŸããŠããã岡èªèº«ã«ããã°ã岡ã¯ãçŽç²ãªæ¥æ¬äººãã§ãããæ¥æ¬äººãšããŠæã£ãŠãããæ
ç·ãã«åºã¥ããŠããã®æ°åŠçäžçãåµé ããã岡ã¯ãã®ãããªèªèº«ã®äœéšã«åºã¥ããéçãããã€ãæžããŠããŠãäžè¬ã«ã¯ããããã¡ãã®æ¹ã§ããç¥ãããŠããã
äžé«æä»£ã岡ã¯å人ã«å¯Ÿããåã¯è«çãèšç®ããªãæ°åŠããã£ãŠã¿ããããšèªã£ãŠããã岡ã®èãã§ã¯è«çãèšç®ã¯æ°åŠã®æ¬äœã§ã¯ãªãã衚é¢çãªããšã远ãã ãã§ã¯çããèŠããŠããªããšæã£ãŠããããã®èŠãããæ°åŠã®æ¬äœã«è¿«ãããšãšã仿ç塿ºãæ
ç·ã®æ¢æ±ã¯å²¡ã«ãšã£ãŠè¡šè£äžäœã§ãã£ããšèããããã
äœå®¶ã®è€æ¬çŸ©äžã¯ã岡ãã¢ãã«ãšããæ¯æ²ãéšã®ã²ãŸãããã補äœããããã«å¯çåæãããããšããããèæžã人çã®èªç±æéãã人çã«æ¶ããŽã ã¯ãããªããã§åœŒã®æ¥åžžç掻ã«ã€ããŠèšããŠããã岡ã¯èµ·åºããŠããã«ç²Ÿç¥åæãè¡ãã髿ããŠããæã¯ããã©ã¹ã®æ¥ããæžéããŠããæã¯ããã€ãã¹ã®æ¥ããšåŒãã ãšããã
ãã©ã¹ã®æ¥ã¯ç¥èæ¬²ãæ¬¡ã
æ¹§ããŠåºãŠãèŠèãããããããåºæ¥äºãç©è±¡ã培åºçã«èå¯ããã®ã ã(äŸãã°ãæ¿æ¬äººéº»åã®åæãèŠããšãå
容ã¯ããšãã人麻åã®çããæä»£èæ¯ã人麻åã®äººç©åã«ãŸã§æè«ãå±éãã)ããã€ãã¹ã®æ¥ã¯ãå¯åºããèµ·ãäžãããããäžæ¥äžç ã£ãŠãããç¡çã«èµ·ããããšãããšãéåœæ°ããªã©ãšæé³Žãææ§ã§ãã£ãããã®å²¡ã®è¡åãèŠãè€æ¬ã¯ãæãã岡ã¯èºé¬±ç
ã§ãããšèãããããããã©ã¹ã®æ¥ã»ãã€ãã¹ã®æ¥ã¯äžæ¥ããããããã¯æ°æ¥ãã...ãšãã£ãå
·åã§ãèºãšé¬±ã®äº€ä»£æéã¯æ¯èŒççãã£ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
æ¥æ¬ã®æªæ¥ããã€ãæããŠãããæŒ«ç»å®¶ã®æ±æµ·æãã ããšã®å¯Ÿè«ã¯æåæã£ãŠããããå®éã«ã¯çãäžãã£ãããã·ã§ãŒãžåã®ã«ã£ãœãæèŠãã«ãããšãæè¿ã®äººéã¯é é èã䜿ããã«ãåé èã°ãã䜿ã£ãŠããŸããèªç¶ç§åŠçãªãã®ã®èãã®å
ã¯åé èã«ãããŸãã西æŽäººã¯åé èã°ãã䜿ã£ãŠããŸãããã ããç©è³ªç¬¬äžäž»çŸ©ãšãªã£ãã®ã§ãããæè¿ã®å¥³æ§ã¯ãããã¯ãã£ãããªãã§ãããæ§æ¬²ãŸãåºãã«ããŠå°»ãµããã³ã¹ãªã©ããŠããããŸã£ããæ
æã®äžçããéžè±ããŠããã仿ã§ã¯èŠªãåãçãã®ã§ã¯ãªããåã芪ãéžã¶ã®ã ãšãããŸããã§ãããç·å¥³ã®ãŸãããã¯æ°é«ãè¡ãªããã°ãªããŸããããªã©ãšãããç¹ã«âãããŠãé é èããšãããããã³ã«é ã®ãããã³ããã·ããšãããããããã®ããããŸã¯ãã»ããšã«ãã·ããšããæãã§ãå
çã®è
æèšãããã®ãã³ã«ãã«ãã£ã«ãã£ãšé³ãç«ãŠãã»ã©ãªã®ã§ããâãšããäœã®è奮ã¶ãã ã£ãã
ãŸãç»å®¶ã®åæ¬ç¹äºéãšå¯Ÿè©±ããã®ã奿©ã«ãæ¥æ¬äººã®ç²Ÿç¥çµ±äžæ³ã«ã€ããŠæèãå·¡ãããŠãããç¹äºéãã銬ããæããŠããè¥ãé ã¯å奿ºã®é²ãéåããç¬éç¡å·®å¥æºã®éå
ãå·®ã蟌ãã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãäž»ãšããçŽè¥¿æŽå粟ç¥çµ±äžæ³ãçšããŠãããããæããæããããªå¹Žé ã«ãªã£ãŠããã¯å奿ºã®æ¥éšãšç¡å·®å¥æºã®æããã«ããæ
æã»æ
ç·ãäž»ãšããæ¥æ¬ç西æŽå粟ç¥çµ±äžæ³ãçšããŠãããšããã岡èªèº«ãäžã€ã®å€§åé¡ã®è§£æ±ºã«ãããã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³å(è±æšå)âæ¢åŒåâæ
æã»æ
ç·å(倧æšå)ãšç§»è¡ããŠããããã®æ¥æ¬ç西æŽå粟ç¥çµ±äžæ³ãšç¡å·®å¥æºã®ã¿ã®çŠ
å粟ç¥çµ±äžæ³ã䜿ãåããããšã§èåŸã®æ¥åžžç掻ãä¹ãåã£ãŠãããšèªã£ãŠãããäžæ¹ææ©å¹Žã«ãªããšäžéæºã«ã€ããŠã¯äœ¿ã£ãŠã¯ãªããªããšèªã£ãŠãããã西æŽã®çæ§ã¯ãã¹ãŠäžéæºåå¹³çæ§æºã§ãããããçæ§ã䜿ããªããŠãã瀟äŒã建èšããªããã°ãªããªããšãèªã£ãŠããã
åè¿°ã®ããã«æ©å¹Žã¯ãæ¥å®µå話ããç®åãã«ä»äººã®æãä»ããŠããã€ãéçãæžãããŠãããæè²è
ã®åŽé¢ãäººæ Œã®é
ã§è§Šãããããªå
å®¹ãæµéºãªã¿ããã§èšãããŠããããã ãåæã¯ãäžèèãã®ããã«éåžžã«å°æ¥ã«å¯ŸããŠæ²èгçã§ãããæ¥æ¬ãæãçºèšãå€ãã£ãããããæ¥æ¬ã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã調ã¹ããã¡ããããŠããã¯èªãã®æã§æãèŠéãžãšç¹ãããããã«ææ©å¹Žã¯æŽ»åã«ã¯ãªããªãã£ããæ¥æ¬ã®å°æ¥ã¯å®æ³°ã ãšãã確信ã«è»¢ããŠããã
æ¥æ¬å²ã«ãããŠã¯ç¥ä»£ã¯ççŸã®ç¡ãç¥æ
æã®ããšãçŽ æåå°ã«ä»£è¡šããããå
«é²ç«ã€ åºé²å
«éå£ åŠ»ç± ã¿ã« å
«éå£ã€ãã ãã®å
«éå£ãããšéå€§ãªæãè© ããã»ã©å¥åº·çã§ãã£ãããå€§éžæåäŒæ¥ãšå
±ã«æ°ã衚ããšããæªç¿(æ°å§å¶åºŠ)ãå
¥ããããã«ããæ¥æ¬æ°æã®å¿ã¯æ±ããŠãã£ããšããã
ãŸã西è¡ã®ãå¿ç¡ã 身ã«ããã¯ã㯠ç¥ãããã 鎫ç«ã€æ²¢ã® ç§ã®å€æ®ããã«ä»£è¡šãããããã«ç¡æãçŽèŠããããçŸãã匱ã
ãããããããã¶ããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããããã«æŠå£«ã®äžã§ã¯æºå®æã®ãç®±æ ¹è·¯ã ããè¶ãæ¥ãã° äŒè±ã®æµ·ã æ²ã®å°å³¶ã« æ³¢ã®å¯ãèŠããã®ããã«ç¡æã«åãŸããã£ãã匱ãŸã£ãŠããŸã£ãã
倪平ã®äžã§ãã£ãæ±æžæä»£ã«(ç¥ãšæã¯æããŠãããã®ã®)ç¥ä»£èª¿ã®æ
ããåæ§ããæã£ãæŸå°Ÿèèã®æãåºã以å€ã¯ãç¥ä»£ããåŸã®æ¥æ¬ã¯æŠãå¿ã匱ã£ãŠããããããããæ°ã¥ããèªä»å¯Ÿç«ã«æãæ®ããŠãããšèšããããç¥ãæŽèµ°ããããŠå€§æ±äºæŠäºææŠãšããçµæãæããæ¥é²æŠäºä»¥åŸããæãæŽèµ°ã瀟äŒãä¹±ããæŠåŸã®ããã«ã
ãŸã人æºã®é²æ©ã®äžã§äžã€ã®ããŒã¯ãŒããšãªãã®ã仿çšèªã§ãããæãã§ãæ°ãè¡šãæªç¿ã«ããæ¥æ¬æ°æã¯èªä»åŒå¥æ¬èœã«åãæãããå°æãã«ãªã£ãŠããŸã£ããšããã
ããã«å¯Ÿãæ¥æ¬æ°æã®ãæºäžæ žãã«åœããã®ããæŠå£«éããã倧åéãã«çžåœãã人ç©ã§ããããã人ç©ã¯å°æããè±ãã€ã€ãããããæ§å¶äžåŠãªã©ãå©çšããŠãã®ãããªäººæããŸãæ¥æ¬ã¯è²ãŠãªãããšæèšããŠããã
ããããäžã®æ¬¡å
ã«é²ããšãæ¥æ¬æ°æã®ãäžæ žãã§ãããçæããã倧æãã«ç¹ããããã®æ¬¡å
ã«ãŸã§éãããšæ±ºããŠèªä»å¯Ÿç«ããè¡åå¥è¡ã§ãããšãããä»åŸ³å€©çã«èªãã®çäœç¶æ¿æš©ãè²ãããã«èªæ®ºããŠããŸã£ãèéçšéåããçæ¶¯ãæ¥æ¬ã«æ§ããæå倩çã¯å
žåäŸã§ããããšèªã£ãŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B2%A1%E6%BD%94
|
8,185 |
ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹
|
ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹(Archimedesãåž: áŒÏÏιΌήΎηÏãçŽå
å287幎? - çŽå
å212幎)ã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®æ°åŠè
ãç©çåŠè
ãæè¡è
ãçºæå®¶ã倩æåŠè
ãå€å
žå€ä»£ã«ããã第äžçŽã®ç§åŠè
ãšããè©äŸ¡ãåŸãŠããã
ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®ç涯ã¯ãåœŒã®æ»åŸé·ã幎æãéããŠããå€ä»£ããŒãã®æŽå²å®¶ãã¡ã«ãã£ãŠèšé²ããããããå€ç¶ãšããªãéšåãå€ããå人ã®ãã©ã¯ã¬ã€ãã¹ãã圌ã®äŒèšãæžãæ®ãããšããããããæ£äœããããæçããäŒãã£ãŠããªããããããæ²¡å¹Žã«ã€ããŠã¯äŸå€çã«æ£ç¢ºã«ããã£ãŠãããããã¯ã圌ãããŒãè»ã®ã·ã©ã¯ãµæ»å²æŠã®äžã§æ»ãã ããšããæ
äºã®èšè¿°ããããã£ãŠããããã§ããã圌ã®ç幎ã¯åãã£ãŠããªããããæ²¡å¹Žããéç®ããŠæ±ãããããã®ã§ããã
ã·ã©ã¯ãµæ»å²ãèšããããªã¥ããªã¹ã®ãæ®éå²ãã«ã¯ã70幎åã®ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®æ»ãèšãããŠãããããã¯ãã«ã¿ã«ã³ã¹ããã£ãã¥ã¹ã»ãªãŠã£ãŠã¹ãåŒçšããŠããããã®æžã§ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹å人ã«ã€ããŠãè¥å¹²è§Šããè¡ãé²è¡ããããã«åœŒãæŠåšã補äœããããšãèšåããŠããã
ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯çŽå
å287幎é ããã°ãã»ã°ã©ãšãã¢ã®èªæ²»æ€æ°éœåžã§ããã·ã±ãªã¢(ã·ããªã¢)å³¶ã®ã·ã©ã¯ãµã§çãŸããããã®ç幎ã¯ãããµã³ãã³æä»£ã®ã®ãªã·ã¢(è±èªç)ã®æŽå²å®¶ã€ãªãã¢ã¹ã»ã»ãã£ã¹(è±èªç)ã䞻匵ãããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯æº75æ³ã§æ²¡ãããšããæèŠããå°ãããŠããããç ã®èšç®ãã®äžã§ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ãç¶èŠªãç¡åã®å€©æåŠè
ããã€ãã£ã¢ã¹ (Phidias)ããšåããŠããããã«ã¿ã«ã³ã¹ã¯èæžã察æ¯åäŒãã«ãŠãã·ã©ã¯ãµã統治ããŠããããšãã³2äžã®çžè
ã ã£ããšèšããŠãããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ããµã¢ã¹ã®ã³ãã³ããšã©ãã¹ããã¹ããããšãžããã®ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããªã¢ã§åŠåãä¿®ããå¯èœæ§ããããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ãµã¢ã¹ã®ã³ãã³ãå人ãšåŒã³ãã幟äœåŠçè«(è±èªç)ã(ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®ç¡éå°)ããçã®åé¡ãã«ã¯ãšã©ãã¹ããã¹ã«å®ãŠãåºæãããã
ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯çŽå
å212幎ãç¬¬äºæ¬¡ããšãæŠäºã§ããŒãã®å°è»ãã«ã¯ã¹ã»ã¯ã©ãŠãã£ãŠã¹ã»ãã«ã±ãã«ã¹ãã·ã©ã¯ãµãå é ããæã«æ»ãã ã
ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®è©å€ãç¥ã£ãŠãããã«ã±ãã«ã¹ã¯ã圌ã«ã¯å±å®³ãå ããªãããåœä»€ãåºããããèªå®
ã«ããŒãå
µãå
¥ã£ãŠããæãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ç ç€ã«æããå³åœ¢(è±èªç)ã®äžã«ããã¿ããã§ãäœãèãããã§ãããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®å®¶ãšã¯ç¥ããªãããŒãå
µãååãèããããæ²¡é ããŠãã圌ãç¡èŠããã®ã§ãå
µå£«ã¯è
¹ãç«ãŠãŠåœŒã殺ãããšããã
ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ææã®èšèã¯ãç§ã®åãããããª!(Noli turbare circulos meos!(è±èªç))ããšãããããã«ã±ãã«ã¹ã¯åœä»€ã«åããŠã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã殺ãããããšã«èŠããã ãšäŒããã
ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®å¢ã¯ã圌èªèº«ã奜ãã æ°åŠç蚌æã顿ã«éžã°ããåãåŸãšé«ããæã€çãšåçã®ãã¶ã€ã³ããªããããšäŒãã£ãŠããã圌ã亡ããªã£ãŠãã137幎åŸã®çŽå
å75幎ãããŒãã®éåŒå®¶(è±èªç)ãã«ã¯ã¹ã»ãã¥ããªãŠã¹ã»ãã±ããã¯ã¡ãšã¹ãã«ãšããŠã·ããªã¢ã«å€ããŠããé ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®å¢ã«ã€ããŠèãããå Žæã¯äŒãã£ãŠããªãã£ãããåœŒã¯æ¢ããæ«ã«ã·ã©ã¯ãµã®Agrigentineéã®è¿ããäœæšãç¹ãçã¿ãããªãå Žæã«å¢ãèŠã€ãåºããããã±ããå¢ãæž
æããããšããã圫å»ãã¯ã£ããåããããã«ãªããè©©ãå«ãç¢æãèŠåºããããã«ãªã£ãã
æãåºãç¥ãããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®ãšããœãŒãã¯ããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®åçããæãã€ããçµç·¯ã§ãããããšãã³2äžã¯é现工è·äººã«éå¡ãæž¡ããŠãç¥æ®¿ã«å¥çŽããããã®èªãã®çå (è±èªç)ãäœãããããšã«ããããããçå ãçŽåãããåŸãããšãã³çã¯é现工垫ãéãçã¿ããã®ééåã®éãæ··ããŠããŸãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšçãã ããã
ããé现工垫ãéãçã¿ãéãã軜ãéã§æ··ãç©ãããŠããã°ãçå ã®éãã¯åãã§ããäœç©ã¯ããšã®éå°éãã倧ããããããäœç©ãå確èªããã«ã¯çå ããã£ããæº¶ãããäœç©ãèšç®ã§ããåçŽãªç«æ¹äœã«ããªããŠã¯ãªããªãã£ããå°ã£ãçã¯ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ãåŒãã§ãçå ãå£ããã«äœç©ãæž¬ãæ¹æ³ãèšãããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ãããã«ã¯çããããããã£ããå®¶ã«åž°ã£ãŠèããããšã«ããã
äœæ¥ãæ©ãã§ããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ããæ¥ã颚åã«å
¥ãããšã«ãããæµŽæ§œã«å
¥ããšæ°Žé¢ãé«ããªããæ°ŽãçžããããµãåºããããããèŠãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ãçå ãæ°Žæ§œã«æ²ããã°ãåãäœç©åã ãæ°Žé¢ãäžæããããšã«æ°ãã€ãããçå ã®äœç©ãšçãããå¢ããæ°Žã®äœç©ã枬ãã°ãã€ãŸãçå ã®äœç©ã枬ãããšãã§ãããããã«æ°ãã€ããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ãæãçãã®ãå¿ããŠè¡šã«ãšã³ã ããããŠã¬ãŒã«(ηáœÏηκα!)ãããŠã¬ãŒã«!(ããã£ã! ããã£ãã!)ããšå«ã³ãªããã裞ã®ãŸãŸã§éããããã ããã確èªäœæ¥ã®çµæãçå ã«éãæ··ãã£ãŠããããšã確ãããããäžæ£ãã°ããé现工垫ã¯ãæ»åã«ãããã
ãã®é»éã®å ã®è©±ã¯ãäŒãã£ãŠããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®èäœã«ã¯èŠããããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã没ããŠããçŽ200幎åŸããŠã£ãã«ãŠã£ãŠã¹ãèããæç®ããã»ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã¥ã©ãã«èšè¿°ãããŠãããšããœãŒãã§ãããããã«ãæ¯éã倧ããéã®äœç©ããã®æ¹æ³ã§èª¿ã¹ãããšããŠããæ°Žäœå€åãå°ããããæž¬å®èª€å·®ãç¡èŠã§ããªããšããçåãæç€ºãããŠãããå®éã«ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯èªèº«ãè«è¿°ãæµ®äœã®åçãã§äž»åŒµããã仿¥ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®åçãšåŒã°ããæµäœéååŠäžã®åçãçšããŠè§£æ±ºããã®ã§ã¯ãšèããããããã®åçã¯ãç©è³ªãæµäœã«æµžããéãããã¯æŒãéããæµäœã®ééãšçããæµ®åãåŸãããšã䞻匵ããããã®äºå®ãå©çšãã倩秀ã®äžç«¯ã«åãããå ãšé£ãåã質éã®éãããäžç«¯ã«åããå ãšéãæ°Žäžã«æµžãããããå ã«æ··ãç©ããã£ãŠæ¯éãäœããšäœç©ã¯å€§ãããªããæŒãéããæ°Žã®éãå€ããªãããå ã¯éãããæµ®åã倧ãããªãã®ã§ã空äžã§é£ãåãã®ãšããŠãã倩秀ã¯å åŽãäžã«åŸãããšã«ãªããã¬ãªã¬ãªã»ã¬ãªã¬ã€ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ãã®æµ®åãçšããæ¹æ³ãèãä»ããŠãããšæšæž¬ããŠããã
å·¥åŠåéã«ãããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®æ¥çžŸã«ã¯ã圌ã®çèªå°ã§ããã·ã©ã¯ãµã«é¢é£ãããã®ãªã·ã¢äººèè¿°å®¶ã®ã¢ããã€ãªã¹ãæ®ããèšé²ã«ãããšãããšãã³2äžã¯ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã«èгå
ãé茞ããããŠæµ·æŠçšã®å·šå€§ãªè¹ãã·ã¥ã©ã³ã·ã¢å·(è±èªç)ã ã®èšèšãäŸé Œãããšãããã·ã¥ã©ã³ã·ã¢å·ã¯å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã»ããŒãæä»£ãéããŠå»ºé ãããæå€§ã®è¹ã§ãã¢ããã€ãªã¹ã«ããã°æä¹å¡æ°600ãè¹å
ã«åºåãã®ã¥ã ãã·ãªã³ãããã«ã¯å¥³ç¥ã¢ãããã£ãŒããŒã®ç¥æ®¿ãŸã§åããŠããããã®èŠæš¡ã®è¹ã«ãªããšæµžæ°Žãç¡èŠã§ããªããªããããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢ã³ã»ã¹ã¯ãªã¥ãŒãšåã¥ããããè£
眮ãèæ¡ããæºãŸã£ãæ°Žãæ»ãåºãå·¥å€«ãæœãããããã¯ãåçã®å
éšã«ãããç¶ã®æ¿ãèšããæ§é ã§ããããå転ããããšäœãäœçœ®ã«ããæ°Žãæ±²ã¿äžããäžã«æã¡äžããããšãã§ãããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢ã³ã»ã¹ã¯ãªã¥ãŒã¯ãããæ§é ãåããŠæ©æ¢°ã«äœ¿çšããäŸãšããŠç¥ãããŠãããããŠã£ãã«ãŠã£ãŠã¹ã¯ããã®æ©æ§ã¯ãããã³ã®ç©ºäžåºåãçæŒããããã«ã䜿ããããšäŒãããçŸä»£ã§ã¯ããã®ã¹ã¯ãªã¥ãŒã¯æ¶²äœã ãã§ãªãç³çã®ç²ãªã©åºäœãæ¬éããææ®µã«ãå¿çšãããŠããã
ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®é€çª(è±èªç)ãšã¯ãã·ã©ã¯ãµé²è¡ã®ããã«èšèšãããå
µåšã®äžçš®ã§ããããã·ããã»ã·ã§ã€ã«ãŒã(the ship shaker) ãšãåŒã°ãããã®è£
眮ã¯ãã¯ã¬ãŒã³ç¶ã®è
éšã®å
ã«åããããéå±è£œã®é€çªãæã€æ§é ã§ããã®é€çªãè¿ã¥ããæµè¹ã«åŒã£æããŠè
éšãæã¡äžããããšã§è¹ãåŸããŠè»¢èŠããããã®ã§ããã2005幎ãããã¥ã¡ã³ãçªçµãSuperweapons of the Ancient Worldãã§ããã補äœãããå®éã«åœ¹ã«ç«ã€ãæ€èšŒããŠã¿ããšãããã¯ã¬ãŒã³ã¯èŠäºã«æ©èœããã
2äžçŽã®èè¿°å®¶ã«ãã¢ãã¹ã¯ãçŽå
å214幎-çŽå
å212幎ã®ã·ã©ã¯ãµå
å²ã®éã«ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ãæµè¹ã«ç«çœãèµ·ãããŠæéãããšãã説話ãèšããŠãããæ°äžçŽåŸããã©ã¬ã¹ã®ã¢ã³ãããªã¹ã¯ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®å
µåšãšã¯å€ªéœç±åãã¬ã³ãºã ã£ããšåè¿°ãããããã¯å€ªéœå
ç·ãã¬ã³ãºã§éããçŠç¹ãæµèŠã«åãããŠç«çœãèµ·ãããŠãããã®ã§ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®ç±å
ç·ããšåŒã°ãããšããã
ãã®ãããªã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®å
µåšã«ã€ããŠã®èšåã¯ããã®äºå®é¢ä¿ãã«ããµã³ã¹ä»¥éã«è°è«ããããã«ãã»ãã«ã«ãã¯åŠå®çç«å Žãåã£ãããåœæã®ç§åŠè
ãã¡ã¯ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®æä»£ã«å®çŸå¯èœãªææ³ã§æ€èšŒã詊ã¿ãããã®çµæã念å
¥ãã«ç£šãããéé
ãé
ã®çŸãé¡ã®ä»£çšãšãããšå€ªéœå
ç·ãæšçã®è¹ã«éããããšãã§ãããããã¯ã倪éœçãšåæ§ã«æŸç©é¢åå°åšã®åçãå©çšãããã®ãšèããããã1973幎ã«ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®ç§åŠè
ã€ãªã¢ãã¹ã»ãµãã«ã¹ãã¢ããéå€ã®ã¹ã«ã©ã¬ãã¹(è±èªç)æµ·è»åºå°ã§å®éšãè¡ã£ãã瞊5ãã£ãŒã(çŽ1.5m)暪3ãã£ãŒã(çŽ1ã¡ãŒãã«)ã®é
ã§ç®èãããé¡70æãçšæããçŽ160ãã£ãŒã(çŽ50m)å
ã®ããŒãè»èŠã«èŠç«ãŠãããã€æ¿è£œã®å®ç©å€§æš¡åã«å€ªéœå
ãéãããšãããæ°ç§ã§è¹ã¯çäžããããã ããæš¡åã«ã¯ã¿ãŒã«ãå¡ãããŠãããããå®éãããçããããã£ãå¯èœæ§ã¯åŠå®ã§ããªãã
2005幎10æãããµãã¥ãŒã»ããå·¥ç§å€§åŠ (MIT) ã®åŠçã°ã«ãŒãã¯äžèŸº1ãã£ãŒã(çŽ30cm)ã®åè§ãé¡127æãçšæããæšè£œã®æš¡åè¹ã«100ãã£ãŒã(çŽ30m)å
ãã倪éœå
ãéäžãããå®éšãè¡ã£ãããããŠæç¹ç¶ã®çºç«ãèŠããããã空ãæãåºããããã«10åéã®ç
§å°ãç¶ãããè¹ã¯çããªãã£ãããããããã®çµæããæ°è±¡æ¡ä»¶ãæãã°ãã®ææ®µã¯å
µåšãšããŠæãç«ã€ãšçµè«ã¥ãããããMITã¯åæ§ãªå®éšããã¬ãçªçµãæªããäŒèª¬ããšååããµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³ã§æšè£œã®æŒè¹ãæšçã«è¡ãããå°ã
ã®é»ãããšããããªçãçºçããããããããã·ã©ã¯ãµã¯æ±å²žã§æµ·ã«é¢ããŠããããã广çã«å€ªéœå
ãåå°ãããæéã¯ææ¹ã«éãããŠããŸãç¹ãåãç«çœãèµ·ããç®çãªãã°å®éšãè¡ã£ãçšåºŠã®è·é¢ã§ã¯ç«ç¢ãã«ã¿ãã«ãã§å°åºãã倪ç¢ã®æ¹ã广çãšããç¹ãææãããã
ãŠãã«ã€ããŠèšè¿°ããå€ãäŸã¯ãã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ã®æµããæ±²ãééåŠæŽŸãã¢ã«ãã¿ã¹ã«èŠãããããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ãå¹³é¢ã®é£åã«ã€ããŠãã«ãããŠããŠãã®åçã説æããŠããã4äžçŽã®ãšãžããã®æ°åŠè
ãããã¹ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®èšèãç§ã«æ¯ç¹ãäžãããããããã°å°çãåãããŠã¿ãããã(åž: ÎŽá¿¶Ï ÎŒÎ¿Î¹ Ï៶ ÏÏá¿¶ κα᜶ ÏᜰΜ γ៶Μ κιΜάÏÏ)ããåŒçšããŠäŒããããã«ã¿ã«ã³ã¹ã¯ãè¹å¡ãéåžžã«éãè·ç©ãéã¹ãããã«ããããã«ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ããããã¯ãšæ»è»æ©æ§ãã©ã®ããã«èšèšããããè¿°ã¹ãããŸããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ç¬¬äžæ¬¡ããšãæŠäºã®éã«ã«ã¿ãã«ãã®åºåã粟床ãé«ãã工倫ãããªãã¡ãŒã¿ãŒ(è·é¢èš)ãçºæããããªãã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã¯æ¯è»æ©æ§ãæã€è·è»ã§ã決ãŸã£ãè·é¢ãèµ°ãæ¯ã«çãç®±ã«èœãšããŠç¥ãããæ§é ãæã£ãŠããã
ãã«ã¯ã¹ã»ãã¥ããªãŠã¹ã»ãã±ãã¯å¯Ÿè©±ç¯ãåœå®¶è«ãã«ãŠçŽå
å129幎ã«ãã£ãéžè©±ãæ¡é²ããŠãããçŽå
å212幎ã«ã·ã©ã¯ãµãå é ããå°è»ãã«ã¯ã¹ã»ã¯ã©ãŠãã£ãŠã¹ã»ãã«ã±ãã«ã¹ã¯ã2å°ã®æ©åšãããŒãã«æã¡åž°ã£ããããã¯ã倪éœãšæãããŠ5ææã®éè¡ãæš¡å£ãã倩æåŠçšæ©åšã§ããããã±ãã¯ã¿ã¬ã¹ããšãŠãã¯ãœã¹ãèšèšããåæ§ã®æ©åšã«ãè§ŠããŠãããåçã§ã¯ããã«ã±ãã«ã¹ã¯ç¬èªã®ã«ãŒããçµç±ãã·ã©ã¯ãµããæã¡åž°ã£ãŠ1å°ãæå
ã«çãããã1å°ã¯ããŒãã®çŸåŸ³ã®ç¥æ®¿ (ãŽã£ã«ãã¥ãŒã¹ã®ç¥æ®¿ãTemple of Virtue) ã«å¯èŽããããã±ãã¯ããã«ã±ãã«ã¹ã®æ©åšã«ã€ããŠã¬ã€ãŠã¹ã»ã¹ã«ãããŠã¹ã»ã¬ãã«ã¹ãã«ããŠã¹ã»ããªãŠã¹ã»ãã«ã¹ã«èª¬æããäžããæ®ããŠããã
ããã¯ãŸãã«ãã©ãã¿ãªãŠã ã倪éœç³»åã®èª¬æã§ãããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããªã¢ã®ãããã¹ã¯ãçŸä»£ã§ã¯å€±ãããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®åçš¿ãOn Sphere-Making(è±èªç)ãã§ãããæ©åšã®èšèšã«ã€ããŠè§ŠããŠãããšè¿°ã¹ããè¿å¹Žãã¢ã³ãã£ããã£ã©å³¶ã®æ©æ¢°ãã®ãªã·ã¢ã»ããŒãã®å€å
žæä»£ã«åãç®çã§è£œäœãããæ©æ¢°é¡ã®ç ç©¶ãè¡ãããŠããããããã¯ã以åã¯ãªãŒããŒãèŠãããŠãããã1902幎ã«çºèŠãããã¢ã³ãã£ããã£ã©å³¶ã®æ©æ¢°ãéããŠãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢æä»£ã«ã¯æ©æ§ã®éèŠéšåã«åœããå·®åè£
çœ®ã®æè¡ã¯å
åã«å®çšå¯èœãªåã«éããŠãããšç¢ºèªãããã
ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ãŸãæ°åŠã®åéã«ã倧ããªè²¢ç®ãæ®ãããçŽæ°ãæŸç©ç·ã®é¢ç©ãååšçã®èšç®ã«çšããä»ã代æ°èºæã®å®çŸ©ãå転é¢ã®äœç©ã®æ±ãæ¹ãã倧æ°ã®èšæ°æ³ãèæ¡ããŠããã圌ãç©çåŠã«ããããã驿°ã¯æµäœéååŠã®åºç€ãšãªããéååŠã®èå¯ã¯ãŠãã®æ¬è³ªã説æããã
ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ãçŸä»£ã§èšãç©åæ³ãšåãææ³ã§ç¡éå°ãå©çšããŠãããèçæ³ãçšãã圌ã®èšŒæã§ã¯ãè§£ãååšããããç¯å²ãéå®ããããšã§ä»»æã®ç²ŸåºŠã§è§£ãåŸãããšãã§ãããããã¯åãå°œããæ³ã®åã§ç¥ãããååšçÏ(ãã€)ã®è¿äŒŒå€ãæ±ããéã«çšãããããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ãã²ãšã€ã®åã«å¯Ÿã倿¥ããæ£å€è§åœ¢ãšãåã«å
æ¥ããæ£å€è§åœ¢ãæ³å®ããããã®2ã€ã®æ£å€è§åœ¢ã¯èŸºã®æ°ãå¢ããã°å¢ããçšãåãã®ãã®ã«è¿äŒŒããŠãããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯æ£96è§åœ¢ãçšããŠååšçã詊ç®ãããµãã€ã®æ£å€è§åœ¢ããããã¯3â7(çŽ3.1429)ãš3â71(çŽ3.1408)ã®éã«ãããšããçµæãåŸãããŸã圌ã¯ãåã®é¢ç©ã¯ååŸã§ã€ããæ£æ¹åœ¢ã«ååšçãä¹ããå€ã«çããããšã蚌æããããçãšåæ±ã«ã€ããŠãã§ã¯ãä»»æã®2ã€ã®å®æ°ã«ã€ããŠãäžæ¹ã®å®æ°ãäœåºŠãè¶³ãåããã(ããèªç¶æ°ãæãã)ãšãå¿
ãããã²ãšã€ã®å®æ°ãäžåãããšã瀺ããããã¯å®æ°ã«ãããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®æ§è³ªãšåŒã°ããã
ãååšã®æž¬å®ãã«ãŠã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯3ã®å¹³æ¹æ ¹ãâ153(çŽ1.7320261)ãšâ780(çŽ1.7320512)ã®éãšå°ãããå®éã®3ã®å¹³æ¹æ ¹ã¯çŽ1.7320508ã§ãããããã¯éåžžã«æ£ç¢ºãªèŠç©ããã ã£ãããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ãã®çµæãå°ãæ¹æ³ãèšããŠããªãããžã§ã³ã»ãŠã©ãªã¹ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯çµè«ã ãã瀺ããåŸäžã«å¯ŸããŠæ¹æ³ãããããåŒãåºãããããšããã®ã§ã¯ãšèå¯ããŠããã
çã®äœç©ã¯ç¡éå°ã»ç©åãçšããããšã§å
¬åŒãçºèŠããããŸãçã®è¡šé¢ç©ã¯ç¡éå°ã»ç©åã»ã«ãŽã¡ãªãšãªã®åçãçšããããšã§å
¬åŒãåãé«ãã®åæ±ã®åŽé¢ã®è¡šé¢ç©ãšçããããšã瀺ããã
ãæŸç©ç·ã®æ±ç©æ³ãã§ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ãæŸç©ç·ãçŽç·ã§åãããéšåã®é¢ç©ããæŸç©ç·ãšçŽç·ã®äº€ç¹(è±èªç)ãšçŽç·ãšå¹³è¡ãªæ¥ç·ãæ¥è§Šãã3ç¹ãé ç¹ãšããäžè§åœ¢ã®é¢ç©ã®â3åã«ãªãããšã蚌æãããããã¯ãç¡éçŽæ°ãšå
¬æ¯ãçšãããæåã®äžè§åœ¢ã®é¢ç©ã1ãšãããã®äžè§åœ¢ã®2蟺ãå²ç·ãšããæŸç©ç·ã®ééã«åæ§ãªææ®µã§2ã€ã®æ°ããäžè§åœ¢ãæ³å®ãããšããã®é¢ç©ã®åã¯1/4ãšãªãããããç¡æ°ã«ç¹°ãè¿ããŠæŸç©ç·ã®åçãåãå°œãããšãé¢ç©ã¯ã
ãšãªãã
ãç ã®èšç®ãã§ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯å®å®ç©ºéãç ã§ãã¹ãŠå
å¡«ãããšããæãæãããŠäœç²ãå¿
èŠããšãã詊ç®ã«æãã ããžã§ãŒãç(è±èªç)(ããšãã³2äžã®æ¯å)ãå§ããã®ãããªæ°ã¯ç¡éãšèšããèšå€§ãªãã®ãšããæããããªãäžãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ããªã¢ã(è±èªç)(åž: ÎŒÏ
ÏιάÏ)ãšããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã§10,000ã衚ãåäœãå
ã«å€§æ°åäœãèšå®ããæçµçã«å®å®ãåããç ã®æ°ã¯ 10(1000é£ç±ä»)ãè¶
ããªããšçµè«ã¥ããã
ãŸãããŒãã®å¯Ÿæ¥µã«ããç¡ééåã®æŠå¿µã«ãå°éããŠããããããšããæ°ããè³æãçºèŠãããŠããã
圌ã¯é©æ°çãªæ©æ¢°èšèšã«ãç§ã§ãæ»åå
µåšã圌ã®åãå ããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢ã³ã»ã¹ã¯ãªã¥ãŒãªã©ã§ãç¥ãããããŸããæ°ã
ã®æŠåšãèæ¡ããããšã§ãç¥ãããã·ã©ã¯ãµã®æŠãã«ãããŠããŠããå©çšããæç³æ©ãçšããŠæµã®æµ·è»ãæã¡ç Žã£ãã
ã®ãªã·ã¢çåŠåã¯çŽç²ã«è«çãå±éããããšã«çŸãããèŠåºããŠéèŠããå®å©çã»å¶å©çãªæè¡ãªã©ã®ç¥èã¯ããã軜èãããããã«ã¿ã«ã³ã¹ã¯ã察æ¯åäŒã(ãè±éäŒã)ã«ãŠãã圌(ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹)ã¯çŽç²ãªãæçŽ¢ã«ãã¹ãŠã®ææ
ãšå€§æã泚ããä¿ãªå®çšçå¿çšãè«åããããšã¯çç¡ã ãšèšãåããããšèšãããšæžããã(ãã ããœã¯ã©ãã¹ã®ããã«å®å©æ§ãããã°å¿
èŠã ãšããŠãå®å©æ§ãªãåŠåã¯æå³ããªããšããå²åŠè
ãããã)
ãã®2ã€ã®åŽé¢ã䜵ãæã€ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ãæ°åŠã«éãããã®æä»£ã®åŠè
ãšããŠã¯ç°äŸãªååšã ã£ãããããããã®ççŸãã2ã€ã®åŽé¢ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯å
±åãããªããããã¿ãŽã©ã¹çãªæ°ã®æŠå¿µãšã¯å€§ããç°ãªãã倩æåŠçæ°åãããç ã®èšç®ãã§æ³å®ããããçŸä»£ã®ç©åæ³ã«ç¹ããæ¹æ³ã§é¢ç©ãæ±ãã€ã€ãšãŠãã¯ãœã¹ã®æ¹æ³ã§èšŒæããªãããããšãèªå·±å
ã«çžå
ãèŠãããã ãããã®ãããªè«çãšæè¡ã®é¬©ãåãã¯ç¹ã«è¿ä»£ãšãŒããã以éã§è¡šé¢åããæ°åŠã®çŸè±¡ã§ããããããæ°åŠã鲿©ãããåååãšãªã£ããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ãçããæä»£ã«ã¯ãã®ãããªççŸãåãã çºå±ã¯æãã¹ããç¡ãã圌以åŸã®ã®ãªã·ã¢æ°åŠã¯åœ¢éªžåããæš©åšã«æ²ãã ã
æã®åç·¯25.3°西çµ4.6°ã«ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®åãå ããã¯ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹(è±èªç)ãããããå°ææãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹(è±èªç)ãã圌ã®åã«ç±æ¥ããã
ãã£ãŒã«ãºã»ã¡ãã«ã¯ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®æšªé¡ãæå ãšãããã®åšå²ã«ã¯ã©ãã³èªã§åœŒã®èšèãçŸ
: Transire suum pectus mundoque potiriã(Rise above oneself and grasp the world)ãå»éã«äœ¿ãããŠããããããŠè£é¢ã«ã¯ã圌ããã®é¢ä¿ãçºèŠããçãšåæ±ãæãããŠãããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®èåã¯åæã«ãçšããããã¹ãã€ã³(1963幎)ããã«ã©ã°ã¢(1971幎)ããã€ãæ°äž»å
±ååœ(1973幎)ããµã³ããªã(1982幎)ãã®ãªã·ã¢(1983幎)ãã€ã¿ãªã¢(1983幎)ãšå€ãã®åœã§äœ¿ãããã
ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®æ°åŠã«é¢ããèšè¿°ã¯å€ä»£ã«ãããŠã»ãšãã©ç¥ãããŠããªãã£ããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®èè¿°ã¯å€ä»£ã·ã©ã¯ãµã§äœ¿ãããã®ãªã·ã¢èªã®ããŒãªã¹æ¹èš(è±èªç)ã§ãã£ãããã ã圌ã®èäœã¯ãšãŠã¯ã¬ã€ãã¹ã®ãã®åæ§ã«åå
žã¯äŒãã£ãŠãããã7ã€ã®è«æã¯ä»è
ã®åç
§ãªã©ãã倿ããŠããã«æ¢ãŸããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã¯ååœäžã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããªã¢ã®æ°åŠè
ãã¡ãšäº€æµãæã£ãŠããäºãæäŒãããã®å°ã§ã¯ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®è«èª¬ãåŒçšããäŸãããããããã¹ã¯å€é¢äœã®èå¯ãéããŠã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®å€±ãããèäœãOn Sphere-Makingããä»ã®æçŽ¢ã«è§Šããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããªã¢ã®ããªã³ã¯å±æã«é¢ããèšåã®äžã§ãã¯ã倱ããããCatoptricaã(åå°å
åŠ)ãåèã«ããŠããã
æ±ããŒãåžåœã®å»ºç¯å®¶ãã¬ãã¹ã®ã€ã·ããã¹(530幎é )ã¯ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®èäœãèéãã6äžçŽã«ã¢ã¹ã«ãã³ã®ãšãŠãããªã¹ã泚éãå ããŠäžã«ç¥ããããããã®åŸãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®ä»äºã¯ãµãŒããã»ã€ãã³ã»ã¯ãã©(836幎 â 901幎)ãã¢ã©ãã¢èªãžãã¯ã¬ã¢ãã®ãžã§ã©ã«ã(1114幎 â 1187幎)ãã©ãã³èªãžç¿»èš³ãããã«ããµã³ã¹æã«ã¯1544幎ã«ãšãã³ã»ãã«ãŽã¡ãŒã²ã³ããã®ãªã·ã¢èªãšã©ãã³èªã§ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®ä»äºãå«ããæåã®æ ¡èšç (Editio Princeps)ããããŒãŒã«ã§çºåãããå€ãã®ç§åŠè
ã«ã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãæäŸãã圹ç®ãæã¡ã1586幎é ã¬ãªã¬ãªã»ã¬ãªã¬ã€ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®ä»äºã«ãã³ããåŸãŠç©ºæ°ãšæ°Žã§éå±ã®ééãèšæž¬ãã倩秀ãéçºããã
æãè¿å¹ŽçºèŠãããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®èäœã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã»ããªã³ãã»ã¹ããã§ããã1906幎ããã³ããŒã¯äººã®ææãšãã³ã»ã«ãŒãºãŽã£ãŒã»ãã€ãã¢(è±èªç)ãã³ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ãã£ããŒãã«ã§1229幎ã«å®æãã174ããŒãžã®å±±çŸç®çŽã®ç¥ãã®æžã調æ»ããéããããããªã³ãã»ã¹ã(äžåºŠæžãããæåã®ã€ã³ã¯ãåããªã©ã®æ¹æ³ã§æ¶ããå¥ãªæåãäžæžãããããã®)ã§ããããšãçºèŠããã調æ»ã®çµæãå±±çŸç®çŽã«ãã€ãŠæžãããŠããæç« ã¯ããããŸã§ç¥ãããŠããªãã£ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®æè°ã10äžçŽã«åãããã®ãšå€æãããæ°çŸå¹Žã³ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ãã£ããŒãã«ã®ä¿®éé¢å³æžé€šã«æèµãããŠãããã®ããªã³ãã»ã¹ãã¯1920å¹Žä»£ã«æ°éãžå£²ãã«åºããã1998幎10æ29æ¥ã«ã¯ãã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã®ã¯ãªã¹ãã£ãŒãºã§ç«¶å£²ã«æããããå¿åã®èœæè
ã200äžãã«ã§å
¥æããã
ãã®åŸãèœæè
ã¯åæ¬ã®æ
å ±ãããŒã¿åããããçŽ ç²åç©çåŠè
ãªã©å€æ§ãªè§£èªã®ååè
ãéãè§£èªãããžã§ã¯ããå§ããã圌ãã¯ç»åãæ®ããããæ¬ã®èã®ç³ãåãé€ãè§£äœãã瀌ææã«ããããã䜿çšããããä»çãããããåãé€ããæçãå
ã®å Žæã«ããŠãã£ãããããŠããŸããŸã«æ³¢é·ãå€ããå
ãçŽã«ããŠç»åãåæããéç®ã§ãããããŠããéšåã«ã€ããŠã¯èå
Xç·åæãè¡ãã€ã³ã¯ã«å«ãŸããéæåã®ååžã調ã¹ãã
ãã®ããªã³ãã»ã¹ãã¯ãå¯äžã®ãªãªãžãã«ã§ããã®ãªã·ã¢èªã§æžããããæµ®äœã®åçããå«ã7ã€ã®è«æãåãããŠãããããã«ã¯ãæ¢ã«å€±ãããŠããŸã£ãã¹ãŒãèŸå
žãåç
§ãããæ¹æ³ãã«ã€ããŠã®å¯äžã®æ
å ±ãããããã¹ãããããªã³ãã以åã«ã¯çºèŠãããŠããªãã£ãåæããºã«ãããå®æåºŠãé«ã解説ã€ãã§èŠã€ãã£ããä»ã®4ã€ã¯ãå¹³é¢ã®é£åã«ã€ããŠããèºæã«ã€ããŠããååšã®æž¬å®ããçãšåæ±ã«ã€ããŠãã§ãããåãããŠãã¥ãã¬ã€ãã¹ã®æŒèª¬ãã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ã®æç« ã®æ³šéæžãçºèŠãããããã®ããªã³ãã»ã¹ãã¯çŸåšã¡ãªãŒã©ã³ãå·ãã«ãã¢ã¢ã®ãŠã©ã«ã¿ãŒãºçŸè¡é€šã«ä¿ç®¡ãããé ãããæåã®å
šè²ãæããããšã玫å€ç·ãXç·ç
§å°ãªã©å
端æè¡ãçšããç ç©¶ãè¡ãããŠããã
åã®æ§è³ªã«ã€ããŠ15ã®æè°ãæžãããã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®ãè£å©å®çé(è±èªç)ã(Book of LemmasãŸãã¯Liber Assumptorum) ã¯ãã¢ã©ãã¢èªã§æžãããåããç¥ãããŠãããå€å
žåŠè
ã®T.L.ããŒã¹(è±èªç)ãšããŒã·ã£ã«ã»ã¯ã©ãŒã²ãã(è±èªç)ã¯ãçŸåšç¢ºèªã§ãããããã®æžãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®èäœããã®ãŸãŸäŒããŠãããšã¯èãã«ãããšäž»åŒµããä»ã®äººç©ãåŒçšããªãã倿Žããããã®ã ãšè¿°ã¹ãããããŠããã®å
ã«ãªã£ãèå¯ã¯ã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®åæã®èè¿°ã§ãããããã¯å€±ãããŠãããšè¿°ã¹ãã
ãŸããäžè§åœ¢ã®é¢ç©ãæ±ããããã³ã®å
¬åŒãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ã®çºæ¡ã«æºæ³ããããšãå±ããããããããããã®å
¬åŒã«ã€ããŠä¿¡é Œã«è¶³ã蚌æ ã¯1äžçŽã«ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããªã¢ã®ããã³ãæå±ãããã®ããç¡ãã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%B9
|
8,186 |
æ ç»ã®åé¡
|
æ ç»ã®åé¡(ãããã®ã¶ããã)ãšããŠã¯ãã©ãããåé¡ã®ä»æ¹ããããã«ãã£ãŠåç§°ãå€ãã£ãŠããã
æ ç»ããäœåããšããŠãšãããåã«ç¥èŠãåºãããèŠèŽèŠçã«æ
å ±ãåŸãããã§ã¯ãªãã æ ç»ç¬èªã®è¡šçŸã楜ããäºãäž»ããç®çãšããŠãéè³ããã芳ç¹ããã¯ä»¥äžã®äžã€ã«å€§å¥ããäºãåºæ¥ãã
ãã®åé¡ã¯ãå
šäžçã®æ ç»ç¥ãæ ç»åžå Žã®ä»ãæ ç»ã«é¢ããåŠè¡çæç« ãæ¹è©ãªã©ã§ã䜿çšãããŠããã æãäžè¬çãªãã®ã§ãããæ ç»é€šããã£ã«ã ã¢ãŒã«ã€ããã·ãã¯ã©ããªã©ã§ã®äžæ ã«éããŠãã ãã®åé¡ã«ãã£ãŠããã°ã©ã ãçµãäºãå€ãã
ãã®ä»ãæ¥æ¬ã«ãããŠã¯åæ ç»ãšéåæ ç»ãåãã䜿çšç®çã®èгç¹ããåé¡ããäºãããããããŸãäžè¬çã§ã¯ãªãã
ããã«éåæ ç»ã«å±ãããã®ãšããŠæããäžäœåºåã¯ã圢åŒçã«å³å¯ãªåºåãæããªãã説æçãªãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã¿ã€ãã«ãæ¯èŒççãäžæ æéãç¹å®ã®å¶äœäŒç€Ÿã«ãã£ãŠäŒçµ±çã«æ±ºãŸã£ãŠããåéãã®æ§æãªã©ãå
±éããéšåãå€ãã
åŠæ ¡æè²æ ç»ã®äžã«ã¯åæ ç»ã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãåã£ãŠãããã®ãå€ããPRæ ç»ã¯äŒæ¥VPãªã©ãšåºæ¬çãªäœãã¯å€ãããªãã
äœããåºæ¬çã«åããªã®ã¯ããããã®æ ç»ããææ®µããšå²ãåã£ãŠå¶äœãããããã§ãããäžæ ã»éè³ããéã«ããäœåããšããŠéè³ãããããããããåèããæ
å ±ããæè²ãã®ææ®µãšããŠå©çšãããããã§ãããããã§ã¯æ
å ±äŒéã®å¹çæ§ãæåªå
ãããçŸçåŽé¢ã¯äºæ¬¡çãªãã®ãšãããŠããã
å¥ã®å顿¹æ³ãšããŠã察象ãšããéè³è
ã®å¹Žéœ¢ã«ããåé¡(äžè¬ã18çŠãªã©)ãããããããã«ã€ããŠã¯æ ç»ã®ã¬ã€ãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ãåç
§ã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E3%81%AE%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E
|
8,187 |
ãžã§ãã©ã¢ã»ã«ã«ããŒã
|
ãžã§ãã©ã¢ã»ã«ã«ããŒã(Gerolamo Cardanoã1501幎9æ24æ¥ - 1576幎9æ21æ¥)ã¯ã16äžçŽã®ã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®äººç©ããžããŒã©ã¢ã»ã«ã«ããŒã (Girolamo Cardano) ãšã®è¡šèšãããã
ãã©ãã§çãŸããããŒãã§æ²¡ãããäžè¬ã«æ°åŠè
ãšããŠç¥ãããŠãããæ¬æ¥ã¯å»è
ãå æè¡åž«ãè³ååž«ãå²åŠè
ã§ããã£ãã
ãžã§ãã©ã¢ã®ç¶èŠªã¯ã¬ãªãã«ãã»ãã»ãŽã£ã³ãã®åäººã§æ°åŠã®æèœã«æµãŸããåŒè·å£«ã§ããã圌ã¯ãã®ç§çå
ãšããŠçãŸãããèªåäŒã«ã¯ããžã§ãã©ã¢ã®æ¯èŠªã¯åœŒãäžçµ¶ããããšããŠå€±æããããšæžãããŠãããæ¯èŠªã¯3人ã®åäŸãäŒæç
ã§å€±ããããããéããããã«åœŒãçãŸããŠéããªããã©ãããããŽã£ã¢ã«ç§»ã£ãããžã§ãã©ã¢ã¯1520幎ã«ããŽã£ã¢å€§åŠã«å
¥åŠããŠå»åŠãåŠã³ãåŸã«è¬åŠãåŠã¶ããã«ãããŽã¡å€§åŠãžãšç§»ã£ãã圌ã¯ä»äººã«ãã¡è§£ããªãæ°æ§ã ã£ãããåäººã¯æ®ã©ãããã倧åŠã忥ããŠãããé·ãéä»äºã«å°±ãããšãã§ããªãã£ãã
æçµçã«ãžã§ãã©ã¢ã¯å»è
ãšãªããåŸã«ã¯æ³šç®ãã¹ãå»è
ãšããŠå声ãåŸãŠãåœŒã®æèŠã¯è£å€æã§å°éãããã»ã©ã«ãªã£ãã1543幎ã«ã¯ããŽã£ã¢å€§åŠã®å»åŠææã«ä»»ãããããè
žããã¹ã®çºèŠè
ã§ããããä»ã«ãã¢ã¬ã«ã®ãŒçã®çºèŠããçŽ äžæ¯ã®ç ç©¶ãç颚ãšçºç±æ§çŸæ£ã®æ²»çæ³ã®ç¢ºç«ãªã©ããããç§åŠè
ãšããŠã¯ç£æ°çŸè±¡ãšé»æ°çŸè±¡ã®åºå¥ã®ç¢ºç«ãã«ã«ããã®èŒªã®èå¯ãããã«çºæå®¶ãšããŠãªãŒãããŒæå·ã®èæ¡ãã«ã«ããæŸæéä¿¡ã®èæ¡ã1550幎ã«ã«ã«ãã³ã°ãªã«ã®çºè¡šãè¡ã£ãŠãããèªäŒã«ããã°å€ãã®æ¬ãèããããã ããçŸåšã§ã¯å€±ãããŠããŸã£ããã®ãå€ãã
èªåšç¶æã®èæ¡è
ã§ãããèªåšç¶æã®ãã«ã«ãã³ãžã§ã€ã³ãããšããå¥åã¯åœŒã«ç±æ¥ãã(é»è»ãªã©ã®ãã«ã«ãã³é§åæ¹åŒãããã«ã«ãã³ãžã§ã€ã³ãã䜿ãããšããã®åç§°ã ãã鿥çã«åœŒã«ç±æ¥ãããã®ãšèšãã)ã
å æè¡ã«åã£ãŠãããããªã¹ãã®å ããŸã§ããŠããŸã£ãŠæçãããããšããããå æè¡ã§èªãã®æ»æãäºèšããŠããããã®äºèšã¯å€ãããããã®åœæ¥ã«èªæ®ºãããšäŒããããã
ã«ã«ããŒãã¯ä»æ¥ã§ã¯ä»£æ°åŠã®æ¥çžŸã§æãè¯ãç¥ãããŠããã1545幎ã«èããæ¬ãå倧ãªãè¡(ã¢ã«ã¹ã»ãã°ã)ã(ã©ãã³èª: Ars magna de Rebus Algebraicis) ã®äžã§äžæ¬¡æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ã®å
¬åŒã忬¡æ¹çšåŒã®è§£æ³ã瀺ãããäžæ¬¡æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ã®å
¬åŒã«ã€ããŠã¯ããããå¥åŠãªæŽå²ãããããå倧ãªãè¡ãã«ã玹ä»ãããŠããã
åœæãç¿æ
£çã«è¡ãããŠããæ°åŠç«¶æã¯ãåé¡ãåºãåã£ãŠã¯è§£ãã®ãç«¶ããã®ã§ãã£ããããããšãäžæ¬¡æ¹çšåŒã®åé¡ãåºãããããã®é ãäžæ¬¡æ¹çšåŒã¯ãŸã å®å
šã«è§£ãããŠãããããã®åçèœåã§åè² ãæ±ºãŸãåãæãšãªãåé¡ã§ãã£ããããã«åå ããŠããäžæ¹ã®äººç©ã¯ããã®åž«ãããã§ã«äžæ¬¡æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ã®å
¬åŒãäŒæãããŠç¡æãèªã£ãŠãããã£ãªã«ãšãã人ã§ãããäžæ¹ã¯ãã³ãã»ãã©ã³ã¿ãã»ã¿ã«ã¿ãªã¢ãšãã人ã§ãã£ããã¿ã«ã¿ãªã¢ã¯ãã®æç¹ã§ã¯ãŸã è§£æ³ãåŸãŠããªãã£ããã圌ã¯å¹žãèªãã®åã§ãããå°ããããŸãã«åœŒãæç€ºããå·§åŠãªäžæ¬¡æ¹çšåŒã¯çžæã«ã¯è§£ãããªãã£ãããã®å
¬åŒã¯ã¿ã«ã¿ãªã¢ãé·ããç§èµããŠããããã«ã«ããŒãã絶察å
¬è¡šããªããšèªããç«ãŠãã®ã§ã¿ã«ã¿ãªã¢ã¯ã«ã«ããŒãã«å
¬åŒãæããããããæåã«è¿°ã¹ãããã«ã«ã«ããŒãã¯èªèã§ãããå
¬è¡šããããã«ã¿ã«ã¿ãªã¢ã¯æããã«ã«ããŒããšé·ãè«äºãããããšã«ãªãããŸãã忬¡æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã«ã«ããŒãã®åŒåã§ãã£ãã«ããŽã£ã³ã»ãã§ã©ãŒãªãè§£ãããã®ã§ãããã©ã¡ãã®åŒããã®æ¬ã§åºãç¥ãããããã«ãªã£ãããããã®æ¥çžŸã¯ä»äººã®ãã®ã ããäžæ¬¡æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ã瀺ãéã«äžçã§åããŠèæ°ã®æŠå¿µãå°å
¥ããã®ã¯ã«ã«ããŒãã§ããã
ããäžã€éèŠãªã®ã¯ãã«ã«ããŒãã«ããè§£æ³ã®å
¬è¡šãæ°åŠå²äžã®è»¢æç¹ã«åœãã£ãŠããããšã§ããããã©ã³ã¿ããããã ã£ãããã«ãåœææ°åŠçç¥èã¯åž«ããåŒåãžãšå£äŒããããããªç§è¡ã®äžçš®ã§ãããããŸã è¿ä»£çãªåŠåãšããŠã®äœããªããŠããªãã£ããã«ã«ããŒãã®ãå倧ãªãè¡ãã®çºè¡šã¯ãæ°åŠãå
±æãããç¥ã§ããåŠåãšããŠèªç«ãå§ãã端ç·ãšããããšãã§ãããå€ãæ°ç§è¡åž«ãã§ãããã©ã³ã¿ããçœå¶ããç®çããŸããã£ããšèããããã
圌ã¯éé£ããèãããšã§ç¥ãããŠãããæ¬äººã¯èªèº«ãè³åè
ããããã¯ãã§ã¹ã®ãã¬ãŒã€ãŒã ãšèããŠããããã§ããããããæ°åŠè
ãããã1560幎代ã«ãããããããã³ã«ã€ããŠã(Liber de ludo aleaeãçºè¡ãããã®ã¯åœŒã®æ»åŸ1663幎)ãèãããã®äžã§å¹ççãªã€ã«ãµãã®æ¹æ³ãšããŠãåããŠç³»çµ±çã«ç¢ºçè«ã«ã€ããŠè§ŠããŠèšããŠããããã®ã£ã³ãã©ãŒã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ãå
šãã®ã£ã³ãã«ãããªãããšãæå€§ã®å©çãšãªããããšããèšèãæ®ããŠããã
圌ã¯ãã®äžã§äžçã§åããŠèæ°ã®æŠå¿µãç»å Žãããã以äžã®åé¡ãç»å Žããã
ãè¶³ããŠ10ãæããŠ40ã«ãªãäºã€ã®æ°ã¯ãªã«ãã
ããã¯åŸæ¥ãè§£ãªããã§ãããããã®æ¬ã®äžã§ã¯
ã 5 + â 15 {\displaystyle 5+{\sqrt {-15}}} ããšã 5 â â 15 {\displaystyle 5-{\sqrt {-15}}} ã
ãçãã ãšæžãããŠãããèæ°ãããã°çãã®ãªãåé¡ã«ãçããäžããããšãã§ãããšç€ºããŠããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8E
|
8,188 |
ã¢ã³ãªã»ã«ã«ã¿ã³
|
ã¢ã³ãªã»ããŒã«ã»ã«ã«ã¿ã³(ä»: Henri Paul Cartanã1904幎7æ8æ¥ - 2008幎8æ13æ¥)ã¯ããã©ã³ã¹ã®æ°åŠè
ãæ°åŠè
ãšãªã»ã«ã«ã¿ã³ã®é·ç·ããã³ã©ã»ãã«ããã®åµå§è
ã®ã²ãšãã
1904幎ãã³ã·ãŒçãŸãã1929幎é«çåž«ç¯åŠæ ¡åæ¥ããªãŒã«å€§åŠæºææãçµãŠã1938幎ããã¹ãã©ã¹ããŒã«å€§åŠææã1940幎ãããœã«ãã³ãå€§åŠææãåãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ããã€ããªã©ã§ãæãã1975幎ãŸã§ããªç¬¬11倧åŠã§æéãå·ã£ãã2008幎ã«ããªã§104æ³ãšããé·å¯¿ãå
šãããã
å€å€æ°è€çŽ é¢æ°è«ããã¢ããžãŒä»£æ°ã«æ¥çžŸãæ®ãããã®ãã¡å€å€æ°è€çŽ é¢æ°è«ã§ã¯å²¡æœã®æ¥çžŸãå±€ (æ°åŠ)ã®æŠå¿µãçšããŠæŽçããå€ãã®æ°åŠè
ã«åãå
¥ããããããã«ããã1980幎ã®ãŠã«ãè³æ°åŠéšéãã¯ããæ°ã
ã®è³ãåè³ããã
| false | false | false |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.