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some called it a stunt others a genuine act of giving back but there is something else that was remarkable about it it came completely out of the blue there had been no market or stakeholder pressure and employees were so surprised that they burst into tears when they heard the news actions like are beautiful because they catch us off guard they create something out of nothing because they're completely unnecessary i once worked at a company that was the result of a merger of a large it outsourcing firm and a small design firm we were merging software engineers with creative types and to unify these immensely different cultures we were going to launch a third new brand
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i didn't know back then that our decision marked the beginning of the end that these two organizations would never become one and sure enough the merger eventually failed now was it because there weren't any orange balloons no of course not but the kill balloons mentality permeated everything else you might not always realize it but when you cut the unnecessary you cut everything leading with beauty means rising above what is merely necessary so do not kill your orange balloons the second principle create intimacy create intimacy studies show that how we feel about our workplace very much depends on the relationships with our coworkers
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over the last years one three years i've been part of an exceptional team at in israel and partners around the world for taking this idea this concept surgery from the research lab to clinical use and this is what i'll tell you about years for some of you you can empathize with that number for me today on this date it's like a second bar mitzvah experience
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on the right hand side you see an ultrasonic transducer so the ultrasonic transducer emits basically an ultrasonic beam that focuses inside the phantom okay when you hear the click this is when the energy starts to emit and you see a little lesion form inside the phantom okay so everything around it is whole and intact it's just a lesion formed inside so think about this is in your brain we need to reach a target inside the brain we can do it without harming any tissue so this is i think the first kosher hippocratic surgical system
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so this dream is really enabled by the convergence of two known technologies one is the focused ultrasound and the other one is the vision enabled magnetic resonance imaging so let's first talk about focused ultrasound and i hold in my hand a tissue mimicking phantom it is made out of silicon it is transparent made just for you
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it is made out of silicon it is transparent made just for you so you see it's all intact completely transparent i'll take you now to the acoustic lab you see the phantom within the aquarium this is a setup i put in a physics lab on the right hand side you see an ultrasonic transducer so the ultrasonic transducer emits basically an ultrasonic beam that focuses inside the phantom okay when you hear the click this is when the energy starts to emit and you see a little lesion form inside the phantom
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why did it fail because the people who were gathering brazil nuts weren't the same people who were cutting the forests and the people who made money from brazil nuts were not the people who made money from cutting the forests we were attacking the wrong driver we needed to be working on beef we needed to be working on lumber we needed to be working on soy things that we were not focused on so let's go back to sudan i often talk to refugees why was it that the west didn't realize that famines are caused by policies and politics not by weather and this farmer said to me one day something that was very profound he said you can't wake a person who's pretending to sleep
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i grew up on a small farm in missouri we lived on less than a dollar a day for about years i got a scholarship went to university studied international agriculture studied anthropology and decided i was going to give back i was going to work with small farmers i was going to help alleviate poverty i was going to work on international development and then i took a turn and ended up here
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so i tried to look across what factors accounted the most for company success and failure so i looked at these five first the idea i used to think that the idea was everything i named my company for how much i worship the aha moment when you first come up with the idea but then over time i came to think that maybe the team the execution adaptability that mattered even more than the idea i never thought i'd be quoting boxer mike tyson on the ted stage but he once said everybody has a plan until they get punched in the face
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george washington carver says all learning is understanding relationships everyone in this room has been affected by a teacher or an adult for years i have watched people teach i have looked at the best and i've looked at some of the worst a colleague said to me one time they don't pay me to like the kids they pay me to teach a lesson the kids should learn it i should teach it they should learn it case closed well i said to her you know kids don't learn from people they don't like
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i taught a lesson once on ratios i'm not real good with math but i was working on it
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i got back and looked at that teacher edition i'd taught the whole lesson wrong
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we know why but one of the things that we never discuss or we rarely discuss is the value and importance of human connection relationships james comer says that no significant learning can occur without a significant relationship george washington carver says all learning is understanding relationships everyone in this room has been affected by a teacher or an adult for years i have watched people teach
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i came back to class the next day and i said look guys i need to apologize i taught the whole lesson wrong i'm so sorry they said that's okay ms pierson you were so excited we just let you go i have had classes that were so low so academically deficient that i cried
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it's the relationships so teachers become great actors and great actresses and we come to work when we don't feel like it and we're listening to policy that doesn't make sense and we teach anyway we teach anyway because that's what we do
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teaching and learning should bring joy how powerful would our world be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks who were not afraid to think and who had a champion every child deserves a champion an adult who will never give up on them who understands the power of connection and insists that they become the best that they can possibly be is this job tough you betcha oh god you betcha but it is not impossible
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my mother died in a gynecology complication so i decided to become a gynecology specialist that's why i became a doctor so dr has to explain for me my mother was preparing me when i was a child to become a doctor but i really didn't want to maybe i should become an historian or maybe a reporter i loved it but it didn't work when the war broke out civil war i saw how my mother was helping and how she really needed the help and how the care is essential to the woman to be a woman doctor in somalia and help the women and children and i thought maybe i can be a reporter and doctor gynecologist
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many people years for somalia were fighting so there was no job no food children most of them became very malnourished like this mohamed so as you know always in a civil war the ones affected most are the women and children so our patients are women and children and they are in our backyard
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now i talked about what happens later but some of these differences emerge at a really shockingly early age in one study children who were growing up in poverty were almost a year behind the richer children on educational tests and that was by the age of just three these types of differences have been found again and again across the generations it means that our early circumstances have a profound influence on the way that the rest of our lives play out and working out why that is is one of the most difficult questions that we face today so there we have it the first lesson for successful life everyone is this choose your parents very carefully
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they're called the british birth cohorts and scientists have gone back and recorded more information on all of these people every few years ever since the amount of information that's now been collected on these people is just completely mind boggling it includes thousands of paper questionnaires and worth of computer data scientists have also built up a huge bank of tissue samples which includes locks of hair nail clippings baby teeth and they've even collected from some of the births which are now pickled in plastic buckets in a secure storage warehouse this whole project has become unique so no other country in the world is tracking generations of children in quite this detail these are some of the best studied people on the planet and the data has become incredibly valuable for scientists generating well over academic papers and books but today i want to focus on just one finding perhaps the most important discovery to come from this remarkable study and it's also the one that spoke to me personally because it's about how to use science to do the best for our children
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together with the kids i also went through a remarkable transformation now i come from a cutthroat world of science and high technology i used to think that reason and logic and relentless drive were the only ways to make things happen and before i worked with the kids anything that i did with them or anything that i did with myself was supposed to be perfect ideal optimal but after working with them for some time i discovered the great virtues of empathy and flexibility and being able to start with some vision and if the vision doesn't work well nothing happened all you have to do is play with it change it a little bit and come up with something that does help that does work so right now i feel more like these are my principles and if you don't like them i have others
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mountain biking in israel is something that i do with great passion and commitment and when i'm on my bike i feel that i connect with the profound beauty of israel and i feel that i'm united with this country's history and biblical law and also for me biking is a matter of empowerment when i reach the summit of a steep mountain in the middle of nowhere i feel young invincible eternal it's as if i'm connecting with some legacy or with some energy far greater than myself you can see my fellow riders at the end of the picture looking at me with some concern
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an evolutionary biologist at purdue university named william muir studied chickens he was interested in productivity i think it's something that concerns all of us but it's easy to measure in chickens because you just count the eggs
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after six generations had passed what did he find well the first group the average group was doing just fine they were all plump and fully feathered and egg production had increased dramatically what about the second group well all but three were dead they'd the rest to death
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we're used to talking about stars so i started to wonder well if we start working this way does that mean no more stars so i went and i sat in on the auditions at the royal academy of dramatic art in london and what i saw there really surprised me because the teachers weren't looking for individual pyrotechnics they were looking for what happened between the students because that's where the drama is and when i talked to producers of hit albums they said oh sure we have lots of superstars in music it's just they don't last very long it's the outstanding collaborators who enjoy the long careers because bringing out the best in others is how they found the best in themselves and when i went to visit companies that are renowned for their ingenuity and creativity i couldn't even see any superstars because everybody there really mattered and when i reflected on my own career and the extraordinary people i've had the privilege to work with i realized how much more we could give each other if we just stopped trying to be
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but for the past years we've run most organizations and some societies along the model we've thought that success is achieved by picking the superstars the brightest men or occasionally women in the room and giving them all the resources and all the power
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i've started and run businesses because invention is a joy and because working alongside brilliant creative people is its own reward and i've never really felt very motivated by pecking orders or by or by superstars but for the past years we've run most organizations and some societies along the model we've thought that success is achieved by picking the superstars the brightest men or occasionally women in the room and giving them all the resources and all the power and the result has been just the same as in william experiment aggression dysfunction and waste if the only way the most productive can be successful is by suppressing the productivity of the rest then we badly need to find a better way to work and a richer way to live so what is it that makes some groups obviously more successful and more productive than others well that's the question a team at mit took to research they brought in hundreds of volunteers they put them into groups and they gave them very hard problems to solve and what happened was exactly what you'd expect that some groups were very much more successful than others but what was really interesting was that the high achieving groups were not those where they had one or two people with spectacularly high i
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q nor were the most successful groups the ones that had the highest aggregate i q instead they had three characteristics the really successful teams first of all they showed high degrees of social sensitivity to each other this is measured by something called the reading the mind in the eyes test it's broadly considered a test for empathy and the groups that scored highly on this did better secondly the successful groups gave roughly equal time to each other so that no one voice dominated but neither were there any passengers and thirdly the more successful groups had more women in them
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the problem was solved in less than a day arup believes that the culture of is central to their success now sounds really anemic but it's absolutely core to successful teams and it outperforms individual intelligence means i don't have to know everything i just have to work among people who are good at getting and giving help at sap they reckon that you can answer any question in minutes
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if you land on anything pro family planning you move ahead like mother takes the pill every night very good mother move ahead uncle buys a condom very good uncle move ahead uncle gets drunk doesn't use condom come back start again
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we introduced our first program in and the women who organized it said we only want to lend to women who practice family planning if you're pregnant take care of your pregnancy if you're not pregnant you can take a loan out from us and that was run by them and after years it's still going on it's a part of the village development bank it's not a real bank but it's a fund and we didn't need a big organization to run it it was run by the villagers themselves and you probably hardly see a thai man there it's always women women women women and then we thought we'd help america because america's been helping everyone whether they want help or not
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we decided to provide vasectomy to all men but in particular american men to the front of the queue right up to the ambassador's residence during his unclear and the hotel gave us the ballroom for it very appropriate room
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of course it must be american cola you get two brands coke and pepsi and then the food is either hamburger or hotdog and i thought a hotdog will be more symbolic
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obviously he's had his vasectomy because his hotdog is half eaten and he was very happy it made a lot of news in america and it angered some people also i said don't worry come over and i'll do the whole lot of you
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have the companies also realizing that sick staff don't work and dead customers don't buy so they all trained and then we have this captain condom with his harvard going to schools and night spots and they loved him you need a symbol of something in every country every program you need a symbol and this is probably the best thing he's ever done with his
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and they'd enjoy it immensely i see them standing around right now everywhere imagine if they had condoms giving out to all sorts of people and then new change we had hair bands clothing and the condom for your mobile phone during the rainy season
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and these were the condoms that we introduced one says weapon of mass protection we found you know somebody here was searching for the weapon of mass destruction but we have found the weapon of mass protection the condom and then it says here with the american flag don't leave home without it but i have some to give out afterward but let me warn you these are thai sized so be very careful
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then finally i firmly believe if we want the to work the millennium development goals we need to add family planning to it of course child mortality first and then family planning everyone needs family planning service it's underutilized so we have now found the weapon of mass protection and we also ask the next olympics to be involved in saving lives and then finally that is our network and these are our thai tulips
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we decided to do something about it but we didn't begin with a welfare program or a poverty reduction program but we began with a family planning program following a very successful maternal child health activity sets of activities so basically no one would accept family planning if their children didn't survive so the first step get to the children get to the mothers and then follow up with family planning
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so the first step get to the children get to the mothers and then follow up with family planning not just child mortality alone you need also family planning now let me take you back as to why we needed to do it in my country that was the case in seven children per family tremendous growth at percent there was just no future we needed to reduce the population growth rate so we said let's do it
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we needed to reduce the population growth rate so we said let's do it the women said we agree we'll use pills but we need a doctor to prescribe the pills and we had very very few doctors we didn't take no as an answer we took no as a question we went to the nurses and the midwives who were also women and did a fantastic job at explaining how to use the pill that was wonderful but it covered only percent of the country what do we do for the other percent leave them alone and say well they're not medical personnel no we decided to do a bit more
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do we do for the other percent leave them alone and say well they're not medical personnel no we decided to do a bit more so we went to the ordinary people that you saw actually below that yellow sign i wish they hadn't wiped that because there was coca cola there we were so much bigger than coca cola in those days and no difference the people they chose were the people we chose they were well known in the community they knew that customers were always right and they were terrific and they practiced their family planning themselves so they could supply pills and condoms throughout the country in every village of the country so there we are
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they were well known in the community they knew that customers were always right and they were terrific and they practiced their family planning themselves so they could supply pills and condoms throughout the country in every village of the country so there we are we went to the people who were seen as the cause of the problem to be the solution wherever there were people and you can see boats with the women selling things here's the floating market selling bananas and crabs and also contraceptives wherever you find people you'll find contraceptives in thailand and then we decided why not get to religion because in the the catholic church was pretty strong and thai people were buddhist we went to them and they said look could you help us i'm there the one in blue not the yellow holding a bowl of holy water for the monk to sprinkle holy water on pills and condoms for the sanctity of the family and this picture was sent throughout the country so some of the monks in the villages were doing the same thing themselves
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and this picture was sent throughout the country so some of the monks in the villages were doing the same thing themselves and the women were saying no wonder we have no side effects it's been blessed that was their perception and then we went to teachers you need everybody to be involved in trying to provide whatever it is that make humanity a better place so we went to the teachers over a quarter of a million were taught about family planning with a new alphabet a b for birth c for condom i for v for vasectomy
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and before long the condom was know as the girl's best friend in thailand for poor people diamonds don't make it so the condom is the girl's best friend we introduced our first program in and the women who organized it said we only want to lend to women who practice family planning if you're pregnant take care of your pregnancy
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so i thought well if you can't go to the government go to the military so i went to the military and asked to borrow radio stations they have more than the government and they've got more guns than the government so i asked them could they help us in our fight against and after i gave them statistics they said yes okay you can use all the radio stations television stations and that's when we went onto the airwaves and then we got a new prime minister soon after that
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you can use all the radio stations television stations and that's when we went onto the airwaves and then we got a new prime minister soon after that and he said could you come and join he asked me in because he liked my wife a lot so i said okay he became the chairman of the national aids committee and increased the budget fifty fold every ministry even judges had to be involved in aids education everyone and we said the public institutions religious institutions schools everyone was involved and here every media person had to be trained for and we gave every station half a minute extra for advertising to earn more money
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and i started first with cow achilles tendon where we would take the cow achilles tendon which is type i collagen strip it of its antigens by degrading it with an acid and detergent wash and forming it into a regeneration template we would then take that regeneration template and insert it into the missing cartilage to that in a patient's knee we've now done that procedure and it's been done worldwide in over cases so it's an approved and worldwide accepted way to the and that's great when i can degrade the tissue but what happens for your ligament when i need an intact ligament i can't grind it up in a blender so in that case i have to design and we designed with uri and tom turek an enzyme wash to wash away or strip those with a specific enzyme and we call that a gal stripping technique what we do is humanize the tissue it's by gal stripping that tissue we humanize it and then we can put it back into a patient's knee
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so let me just start with my story so i tore my knee joint cartilage playing soccer in college then i went on to tear my the ligament in my knee and then developed an arthritic knee and i'm sure that many of you in this audience have that same story and by the way i married a woman who has exactly the same story so this motivated me to become an orthopedic surgeon and to see if i couldn't focus on solutions for those problems that would keep me playing sports and not limit me so with that let me just show you a quick video to get you in the mood of what we're trying to explain
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with cancer but we don't normally think of cancer as being a contagious disease the tasmanian devil has shown us that not only can cancer be a contagious disease but it can also threaten an entire species with extinction so first of all what is a tasmanian devil many of you might be familiar with the cartoon character the one that spins around and around and around but not many people know that there actually is a real animal called the tasmanian devil and it's the world's largest carnivorous marsupial a marsupial is a mammal with a pouch like a kangaroo the tasmanian devil got its name from the terrifying nocturnal scream that it makes
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tasmanian devil is predominantly a scavenger and it uses its powerful jaws and its sharp teeth to chomp on the bones of rotting dead animals the tasmanian devil is found only on the island of tasmania which is that small island just to the south of the mainland of australia and despite their ferocious appearance tasmanian devils are actually quite adorable little animals in fact growing up in tasmania it always was incredibly exciting when we got a chance to see a tasmanian devil in the wild but the tasmanian devil population has been undergoing a really extremely fast decline and in fact there's concern that the species could go extinct in the wild within to years
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begins in when a wildlife photographer took this photograph here of a tasmanian devil with a large tumor on its face at the time this was thought to be a one off animals just like humans sometimes get strange tumors however we now believe that this is the first sighting of a new disease which is now an epidemic spreading through tasmania the disease was first sighted in the northeast of tasmania in and has spread across tasmania like a huge wave now there's only a small part of the population which remains unaffected
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let me give you one example of this you may remember this as the aol time warner merger okay heralded at the time as the largest single deal of all time it may still be for all i know now all of you in this room in one form or other are probably customers of one or both of those organizations that merged just interested did anybody notice anything different as a result of this at all so unless you happened to be a shareholder of one or the other organizations or one of the dealmakers or lawyers involved in the no doubt lucrative activity you're actually engaging in a huge piece of activity that meant absolutely bugger all to anybody okay by contrast years of marketing have taught me that if you actually want people to remember you and to appreciate what you do the most potent things are actually very very small this is from virgin atlantic upper class it's the salt and pepper set quite nice in itself they're little sort of airplane things what's really really sweet is every single person looking at these things has exactly the same mischievous thought which is i reckon i can heist these however you pick them up and underneath actually engraved in the metal are the words stolen from virgin atlantic airways upper class
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our own sense of self aggrandizement feels that big important problems need to have big important and most of all expensive solutions attached to them and yet what behavioral economics shows time after time after time is in human behavioral and behavioral change there's a very very strong at work that actually what changes our behavior and what changes our attitude to things is not actually proportionate to the degree of expense entailed or the degree of force that's applied but everything about institutions makes them uncomfortable with that so what happens in an institution is the very person who has the power to solve the problem also has a very very large budget and once you have a very very large budget you actually look for expensive things to spend it on what is completely lacking is a class of people who have immense amounts of power but no money at all
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that's the world people actually want in truth we do live in a world that science can understand unfortunately the science is probably closer to being in that in many cases very very small changes can have disproportionately huge effects and equally vast areas of activity enormous mergers can actually accomplish absolutely bugger all but it's very very uncomfortable for us to actually acknowledge that we're living in such a world but what i'm saying is we could just make things a little bit better for ourselves if we looked at it in this very simple four way approach that is actually strategy and i'm not denying that strategy has a role you know there are cases where you spend quite a lot of money and you accomplish quite a lot and i'd be wrong to dis that completely moving over we come of course to consultancy
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one of them was why is it necessary to spend six billion pounds speeding up the eurostar train when for about percent of that money you could have top supermodels male and female serving free chateau petrus to all the passengers for the entire duration of the journey you'd still have five billion left in change and people would ask for the trains to be slowed down now you may remember me asking the question as well a very interesting observation that actually those strange little signs that actually flash at you occasionally accompanying a little smiley face or a frown according to whether you're within or outside the speed limit those are actually more effective at preventing road accidents than speed cameras which come with the actual threat of real punishment so there seems to be a strange at work i think in many areas of human problem solving particularly those which involve human psychology which is the tendency of the organization or the institution is to deploy as much force as possible as much compulsion as possible whereas actually the tendency of the person is to be almost influenced in absolute reverse proportion to the amount of force being applied so there seems to be a complete disconnect here
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similarly this is from a hotel in stockholm the has anybody stayed there it's the lift it's a series of buttons in the lift nothing unusual about that at all except that these are actually not the buttons that take you to an individual floor it starts with garage at the bottom i suppose appropriately but it doesn't go up garage grand floor mezzanine one two three four it actually says garage funk rhythm and blues
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it starts with garage at the bottom i suppose appropriately but it doesn't go up garage grand floor mezzanine one two three four it actually says garage funk rhythm and blues you have a series of buttons you actually choose your lift music my guess is that the cost of installing this in the lift in the hotel in stockholm is probably to pounds max it's frankly more memorable than all those millions of hotels we've all stayed at that tell you that your room has actually been recently renovated at a cost of dollars in order to make it resemble every other hotel room you've ever stayed in in the entire course of your life now these are trivial marketing examples i accept but i was at a ted event recently and esther probably one of the leading experts in effectively the eradication of poverty in the developing world actually spoke and she came across a similar example of something that fascinated me as being something which in a business context or a government context would simply be so trivial a solution as to seem embarrassing
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founding fathers all had slaves sweeney i know the explorers slaughtered the braves sweeney horribly the old testament god can be so petty don't get me started on that
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lewis carroll i'm sure did alice sweeney what plato in the cave with those very young boys sweeney ooh hillary supported the war even thomas friedman supported the war
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it makes the code seem like war and peace that movie is so horrible it promotes such awful pseudoscience and the basic idea is that there's this law of attraction and your thoughts have this vibrating energy that goes out into the universe and then you attract good things to happen to you on a scientific basis it's more than just power of positive thinking it has a horrible horrible dark side like if you get ill it's because you've just been thinking negative thoughts yeah stuff like that was in the movie and she's promoting it and all i'm saying is that i really wish that murray gell mann would go on oprah and just explain to her that the law of attraction is in fact not a law so that's what i have to say
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i got enough nerve to come up to you but little did i know one year later we'd be doing this show i sing julia sweeney i tell stories together the jill and julia show sometimes it works
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jill and julia the jill and julia show why are all our heroes so imperfect why do they always bring me down why are all our heroes so imperfect statue in the park has lost his crown william faulkner drunk and depressed
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president wanted to change this rule he's seen that it's possible to have a different set of rules rules where businesses earn a small profit so they have an incentive to sign up more customers that's the kind of rules that the cellphone company that nelson purchases his telephony from operates under the president has seen how those rules worked well so he tried to change the rules for pricing on electricity but ran into a firestorm of protest from businesses and consumers who wanted to preserve the existing subsidized rates so he was stuck with rules that prevented him from letting the win win solution help his country and nelson is stuck studying under the the real challenge then is to try to figure out how we can change rules are there some rules we can develop for changing rules i want to argue that there is a general abstract insight that we can make practical which is that if we can give more choices to people and more choices to leaders who in many countries are also people
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if we wanted to build cities for another billion people they would be dots like this we'd go from three percent of the arable land to four percent we'd dramatically reduce the human footprint on earth by building more cities that people can move to and if these are cities governed by good rules they can be cities where people are safe from crime safe from disease and bad sanitation where people have a chance to get a job they can get basic utilities like electricity their kids can get an education so what will it take to get started building the first charter cities scaling this so we build many more it would help to have a manual
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it poses a very fascinating puzzle for us these african students are doing their homework under at the airport in the capital city because they don't have any electricity at home now i haven't met these particular students but i've met students like them let's just pick one for example the one in the green shirt let's give him a name too nelson
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they want the choice to be able to continue consuming subsidized electric power so if you give just to one side or the other you'll have tension or friction but if we can find ways to give more choices to both that will give us a set of rules for changing rules that get us out of traps now nelson also has access to the internet and he says that if you want to see the damaging effects of rules the ways that rules can keep people in the dark look at the pictures from nasa of the earth at night
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but when it comes to images from the black hole we're posed with a real conundrum we've never seen a black hole before in that case what is a likely black hole image and what should we assume about the structure of black holes we could try to use images from simulations we've done like the image of the black hole from interstellar but if we did this it could cause some serious problems what would happen if einstein's theories didn't hold we'd still want to reconstruct an accurate picture of what was going on if we bake einstein's equations too much into our algorithms we'll just end up seeing what we expect to see in other words we want to leave the option open for there being a giant elephant at the center of our galaxy
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in the years since then scientists have provided a lot of evidence in support of it but one thing predicted from this theory black holes still have not been directly observed although we have some idea as to what a black hole might look like we've never actually taken a picture of one before however you might be surprised to know that that may soon change we may be seeing our first picture of a black hole in the next couple years getting this first picture will come down to an international team of scientists an earth sized telescope and an algorithm that puts together the final picture although i won't be able to show you a real picture of a black hole today i'd like to give you a brief glimpse into the effort involved in getting that first picture my name is katie bouman and i'm a student at mit i do research in a computer science lab that works on making computers see through images and video
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3,128 |
there's a big question at the center of life in our democracies today how do we fight terror without destroying democracies without trampling human rights i've spent much of my career working with journalists with with activists with human rights researchers all around the world and i've come to the conclusion that if our democratic societies do not double down on protecting and defending human rights freedom of the press and a free and open internet radical extremist ideologies are much more likely to persist ok all done thank you very much no just joking
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3,129 |
i actually want to drill down on this a little bit so one of the countries that has been on the of this issue is tunisia which was the only country to come out of the arab spring with a successful democratic revolution five years later they're struggling with serious terror attacks and rampant isis recruitment and many are calling on their government to do whatever it takes to keep them safe tunisian cartoonist nadia has summed up the situation with this character who says i don't give a damn about human rights i don't give a damn about the revolution
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so i'm clean but i do behave like you saw like a old in my movies yeah i do that i sell dreams and i peddle love to millions of people back home in india who assume that i'm the best lover in the world
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3,135 |
that's when my friends chris and juliet called me here to speak about the future you naturally it follows i'm going to speak about the present me
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3,140 |
was i we relied on systems created through the toil and sacrifice of generations before to protect us and we felt that governments actually worked for our betterment science was simple and logical apple was still then just a fruit owned by eve first and then newton not by steve jobs until then and eureka was what you screamed when you wanted to run naked on the streets you went wherever life took you for work and people were mostly welcoming of you
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3,143 |
and then you all know what happened the internet happened i was in my late and i started like a canary in a birdcage and assuming that you know people who peered into my world would admire it for the miracle i believed it to be but something else awaited me and humanity you know we had expected an expansion of ideas and dreams with the enhanced connectivity of the world we had not bargained for the village like enclosure of thought of judgment of definition that flowed from the same place that freedom and revolution was taking place in everything i said took a new meaning everything i did good bad ugly was there for the world to comment upon and judge
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3,146 |
the two and a half which form the word which means love if you are able to understand that and practice it that itself is enough to enlighten mankind so i truly believe the future you has to be a you that loves otherwise it will cease to flourish it will perish in its own self absorption
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3,155 |
here is what i did with figure and ground so here we have figure in black here we have figure in white and it's all part of the same design the background to one is the other originally i tried to do the words figure and ground but i couldn't do that i realized i changed the problem it's all figure
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3,156 |
the word mirror no it's not the same upside down it's the same this way and a marvelous fellow from the media lab who just got appointed head of is john maeda and so i did this for him it's sort of a visual canon
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3,157 |
i'm the puzzle columnist for discover magazine i've been doing that for about years i have a monthly puzzle calendar
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3,158 |
i've been doing that for about years i have a monthly puzzle calendar i do toys the bulk of my work is in computer games i did puzzles for i didn't invent i can't take credit for that so very first puzzle sixth grade my teacher said oh let's see that guy he likes to make stuff i'll have him cut out letters out of construction paper for the board
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3,160 |
we can integrate over the surface and the notation usually is a capital sigma national assembly they create the committee of public safety which sounds like a very nice committee notice this is an and it's an alcohol start differentiating into and memory cells a galaxy hey there's another galaxy oh look there's another galaxy and for dollars is their million plus the million dollars from the american manufacturer if this does not blow your mind then you have no emotion
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we have a million students a month using the site watching on the order of to videos a day but what we're going to talk about in this is how we're going to the next level but before i do that i want to talk a little bit about really just how i got started and some of you all might know about five years ago i was an analyst at a hedge fund and i was in boston and i was tutoring my cousins in new orleans remotely and i started putting the first videos up really just as a kind of nice just kind of a supplement for my cousins something that might give them a refresher or something and as soon as i put those first videos up something interesting happened actually a bunch of interesting things happened the first was the feedback from my cousins they told me that they preferred me on than in person
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3,162 |
you have this situation where now they can pause and repeat their cousin without feeling like they're wasting my time if they have to review something that they should have learned a couple of weeks ago or maybe a couple of years ago they don't have to be embarrassed and ask their cousin they can just watch those videos if they're bored they can go ahead they can watch at their own time and pace probably the least appreciated aspect of this is the notion that the very first time that you're trying to get your brain around a new concept the very last thing you need is another human being saying do you understand this and that's what was happening with the interaction with my cousins before and now they can just do it in the intimacy of their own room the other thing that happened is i put them on just i saw no reason to make it private so i let other people watch it and then people started stumbling on it and i started getting some comments and some letters and all sorts of feedback from random people around the world these are just a few this is actually from one of the original calculus videos someone wrote it on it was a comment first time i smiled doing a derivative
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3,163 |
let's pause here this person did a derivative and then they smiled
| 1 |
3,164 |
in response to that same comment this is on the thread you can go on and look at the comments someone else wrote same thing here i actually got a natural high and a good mood for the entire day since i remember seeing all of this matrix text in class and here i'm all like know kung fu
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3,165 |
but then as the viewership kept growing and kept growing i started getting letters from people and it was starting to become clear that it was more than just a nice this is just an excerpt from one of those letters my year old son has autism and has had a terrible time with math we have tried everything viewed everything bought everything we stumbled on your video on decimals and it got through then we went on to the dreaded fractions again he got it we could not believe it he is so excited and so you can imagine here i was an analyst at a hedge fund it was very strange for me to do something of social value
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3,166 |
but i was excited so i kept going and then a few other things started to dawn on me that not only would it help my cousins right now or these people who were sending letters but that this content will never grow old that it could help their kids or their grandkids if isaac newton had done videos on calculus i wouldn't have to
| 1 |
3,170 |
no we have an awesome team working on it i have to be clear it's not just me anymore i'm still doing all the videos but we have a rock star team doing the software we've put a bunch of game mechanics in there where you get badges we're going to start having leader boards by area you get points it's actually been pretty interesting just the wording of the or how many points you get for doing something we see on a system wide basis like tens of thousands of fifth graders or sixth graders going one direction or another depending what badge you give them
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3,172 |
oh yeah most of those were specs by the teachers we made some of those for students so they could see their data but we have a very tight design loop with the teachers themselves and they're saying hey this is nice but like that focus graph a lot of the teachers said i have a feeling a lot of the kids are jumping around and not focusing on one topic so we made that focus diagram so it's all been teacher driven it's been pretty crazy is this ready for prime time do you think a lot of classes next school year should try this thing out yeah it's ready we've got a million people on the site already so we can handle a few more
| 1 |
3,173 |
national assembly they create the committee of public safety which sounds like a very nice committee notice this is an and it's an alcohol
| 0 |
3,174 |
if they have to review something that they should have learned a couple of weeks ago or maybe a couple of years ago they don't have to be embarrassed and ask their cousin they can just watch those videos if they're bored they can go ahead
| 0 |
3,175 |
then i started getting letters from teachers and the teachers would write saying we've used your videos to flip the classroom you've given the lectures so now what we do and this could happen in every classroom in america tomorrow what i do is i assign the lectures for homework and what used to be homework i now have the students doing in the classroom
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3,178 |
but the paradigm here is we'll generate as many questions as you need until you get that concept until you get in a row and the khan academy videos are there you get hints the actual steps for that problem if you don't know how to do it the paradigm here seems like a very simple thing in a row you move on but it's fundamentally different than what's happening in classrooms right now in a traditional classroom you have homework lecture homework lecture and then you have a snapshot exam and that exam whether you get a percent an percent a percent or a percent the class moves on to the next topic and even that percent student what was the five percent they didn't know maybe they didn't know what happens when you raise something to the power then you build on that in the next concept
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3,179 |
fall off that bicycle do it as long as necessary until you have mastery
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3,180 |
fall off that bicycle do it as long as necessary until you have mastery the traditional model it penalizes you for experimentation and failure but it does not expect mastery we encourage you to experiment we encourage you to fail but we do expect mastery this is just another one of the modules this is this is shifting and reflecting functions
| 0 |
3,182 |
the knowledge map we're getting into more advanced arithmetic further down you start getting into pre algebra and early algebra further down you start getting into algebra one algebra two a little bit of and the idea is from this we can actually teach everything well everything that can be taught in this type of a framework so you can imagine and this is what we are working on from this knowledge map you have logic you have computer programming you have grammar you have genetics all based off of that core of if you know this and that now you're ready for this next concept now that can work well for an individual learner and i encourage you to do it with your kids but i also encourage everyone in the audience to do it yourself it'll change what happens at the dinner table but what we want to do is use the natural conclusion of the flipping of the classroom that those early teachers had emailed me about
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3,183 |
what we want to do is use the natural conclusion of the flipping of the classroom that those early teachers had emailed me about and so what i'm showing you here this is data from a pilot in the los altos school district where they took two fifth grade classes and two seventh grade classes and completely gutted their old math curriculum these kids aren't using textbooks or getting one all lectures they're doing khan academy that software for roughly half of their math class i want to be clear we don't view this as a complete math education what it does is this is what's happening in los altos it frees up time it's the blocking and tackling making sure you know how to move through a system of equations and it frees up time for the simulations for the games for the mechanics for the robot building for the estimating how high that hill is based on its shadow and so the paradigm is the teacher walks in every day every kid works at their own pace this is actually a live dashboard from the los altos school district and they look at this dashboard every row is a student
| 0 |
3,185 |
so our paradigm is to arm teachers with as much data as possible data that in any other field is expected in finance marketing manufacturing so the teachers can diagnose what's wrong with the students so they can make their interaction as productive as possible now teachers know exactly what the students have been up to how long they've spent each day what videos they've watched when did they pause the videos what did they stop watching what exercises are they using what have they focused on the outer circle shows what exercises they were focused on the inner circle shows the videos they're focused on the data gets pretty granular so you can see the exact problems the student got right or wrong red is wrong blue is right the question is the first one the student attempted they watched the video over there and you can see eventually they were able to get in a row it's almost like you can see them learning over those last problems
| 0 |
3,187 |
and that always stuck with me all my life why didn't dad say art why wasn't it okay why it became a question my entire life and that's all right because being good at math meant he bought me a computer and some of you remember this computer this was my first computer who had an apple apple users very cool as you remember the apple did nothing at all
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3,188 |
and i was influenced by performance art so this is years ago i made a computer out of people it was called the human powered computer experiment i have a power manager mouse driver memory etc and i built this in kyoto the old capital of japan it's a room broken in two halves i've turned the computer on and these assistants are placing a giant floppy disk built out of cardboard and it's put into the computer and the floppy disk drive person wears it
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