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and i think this is supposed to be a snail something about this bothered me why was it that the best architects the greatest architecture all beautiful and visionary and innovative is also so rare and seems to serve so very few and more to the point with all of this creative talent what more could we do just as i was about to start my final exams i decided to take a break from an all nighter and go to a lecture by dr paul farmer a leading health activist for the global poor i was surprised to hear a doctor talking about architecture
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so i want to talk today about money and happiness which are two things a lot of us spend a lot of our time thinking about either trying to earn them or trying to increase them and a lot of us resonate with this phrase we see it in religions and self help books money can't buy happiness and i want to suggest today that in fact that's wrong
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it ruins their social relationships in fact so they have more debt and worse friendships than they had before they won the lottery what was interesting about the article was people started commenting on the article readers of the thing and instead of talking about how it made them realize that money doesn't lead to happiness everyone started saying you know what i'd do if i won the lottery and fantasizing about what they'd do here's just two of the ones we saw that are interesting to think about one person wrote when i win i'm going to buy my own little mountain and have a little house on top
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and another person wrote i would fill a big bathtub with money and get in the tub while smoking a big fat cigar and sipping a glass of champagne this is even worse then i'd have a picture taken and dozens of made anyone begging for money or trying to extort from me would receive a copy of the picture and nothing else
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we manipulated how much money we gave them some people got this slip of paper and five dollars some got this slip of paper and dollars we let them go about their day and do whatever they wanted we found out they did spend it in the way we asked them to we called them up and asked them what did you spend it on how happy do you feel now what did they spend it on these are college a lot of what they spent it on for themselves were things like earrings and makeup one woman said she bought a stuffed animal for her niece people gave money to homeless people huge effect here of starbucks
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wanted to see if this holds true everywhere in the world or just among wealthy countries so we went to uganda and ran a very similar experiment imagine instead of just people in canada we say name the last time you spent money on yourself or others describe it how happy did it make you or in uganda name the last time you spent money on yourself or others and describe that then we asked them how happy they are again and what we see is sort of amazing because there's human on what you do with your money and real cultural differences on what you do as well so for example one guy from uganda says this i called a girl i wished to love they basically went out on a date and he says at the end that he didn't achieve her up till now
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canada very similar thing i took my girlfriend out for dinner we went to a movie we left early and then went back to her room for
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way to think of it is for every euro you give people for themselves they put it in their pocket and don't do anything different than before you don't get money from that you lose money since it doesn't motivate them to perform better but when you give them euro to spend on their teammates they do so much better on their teams that you actually get a huge win on investing this kind of money you're probably thinking to yourselves this is all fine but there's a context that's incredibly important for public policy and i can't imagine it would work there and if he doesn't show me that it works here i don't believe anything he said i know what you're all thinking about are teams
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before i tell you the ways you can spend it that will make you happier let's think about the ways we usually spend it that don't in fact make us happier we had a little natural experiment so cnn a little while ago wrote this interesting article on what happens to people when they win the lottery
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we asked them how happy they were and then gave them an envelope one of the envelopes had things in it that said by today spend this money on yourself we gave some examples of what you could spend it on
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so if you give undergraduates five dollars it looks like coffee to them and they run over to starbucks and spend it as fast as they can some people bought coffee for themselves the way they usually would but others bought coffee for somebody else so the very same purchase just targeted toward yourself or targeted toward somebody else what did we find when we called at the end of the day people who spent money on others got happier people who spent it on themselves nothing happened it didn't make them less happy it just didn't do much for them
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the other thing we saw is the amount of money doesn't matter much people thought dollars would be way better than five in fact it doesn't matter how much money you spent what really matters is that you spent it on somebody else rather than on yourself we see this again and again when we give people money to spend on others instead of on themselves of course these are undergraduates in canada not the world's most representative population they're also fairly wealthy and affluent and other sorts of things
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maybe you have something in mind maybe not but then we see extraordinary differences so look at these two this is a woman from canada we say name a time you spent money on somebody else
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this is a woman from canada we say name a time you spent money on somebody else she says i bought a present for my mom i drove to the mall bought a present gave it to my mom perfectly nice thing to do it's good to get gifts for people you know compare that to this woman from uganda i was walking and met a longtime friend whose son was sick with malaria they had no money they went to a clinic and i gave her this money this isn't it's the local currency
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i'm an artist and this is who is a dancer i have been working with i have asked her to translate for me if i may i would like to tell you a little bit about myself and my artwork i was born and raised near manchester in england but i'm not going to say it in english to you because i'm trying to avoid any assumptions that might be made from my northern accent
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my dad never wore it so i didn't see why i had to also it makes me feel a bit uncomfortable that people assume i represent something genuinely indian when i wear it because that's not how i feel actually the only way i feel comfortable wearing it is by pretending they are the robes of a kung fu warrior like li mu from that film crouching tiger hidden dragon
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so it's not just my father that i've imitated a few years ago i went to china for a few months and i couldn't speak chinese and this frustrated me so i wrote about this and had it translated into chinese and then i learned this by heart like music i guess this phrase is now etched into my mind clearer than the pin number to my bank card so i can pretend i speak chinese fluently
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if you just ask an opinion of how everyone can interpret it like let's say if a schoolteacher says she'll simply say to get to the other side why the cow was crossing the road you know the answer can be so different if potter said it he would say for the greater good martin luther king would say i imagine a world where all cows will be free to cross the road without having their motives called into question
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he would definitely say god came down from heaven and he said unto the cow shalt cross the road and cow crossed the road and there was much rejoicing as a holy cow
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the moment i say school so many memories come back to me it's like after every exam when i walk out the teacher would say hey come how did you do i would say with a great smile i will definitely pass and i didn't understand why in one hand they say speak the truth in the other hand when you say the truth they hated you so it went on like that and i didn't know where else to find myself
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and i didn't understand why in one hand they say speak the truth in the other hand when you say the truth they hated you so it went on like that and i didn't know where else to find myself so i remember those nights i used to go to sleep with asking help from the unknown because for some reason i couldn't believe what my father and mother hanged in the room as a god because my friend's family had something else as a god so i thought i guess i'll pray to the unknown and ask help and started getting help from everywhere each and every corner of my life at that time my brothers started giving me a few tips about drawing and painting then when i was in eighth standard around years old i started working in a part time job in one of the artists called and then school also started supporting me oh he's bad at studies but let him send to the drawing competitions so it was good to survive with that little tool that i found to find my own place in school
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it knows where the backbone is where the spine the limbs are how stripes should run how it should be shaded and so we're procedurally generating the texture map something a texture artist would take many days to work on and then we can test it out and see how it would move around and so at this point the computer is procedurally this creature it's looking at whatever i've designed it will actually bring it to life and i can see how it might dance
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so it's acting with its two mouths there i can even have it pose for a photo snap a little photo of it
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our little solar system as we pull away from our melted planet here we actually have a couple of other planets in this solar system let's fly to another one we're going to have this unlimited number of worlds you can explore here as we move into the future and we start going out into space and doing stuff we're drawing a lot from things like science fiction and all my favorite science fiction movies i want to play out here as different dynamics this planet actually has some life on it here it is some indigenous life down here one of the tools i can eventually earn for my is a monolith that i can drop down
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these guys are actually starting to go up and bow to it and over time once they touch it they will become intelligent so i can actually pick a species on a planet and then make them now they've actually gone to tribal dynamics and now because i'm actually the one here i can get out of the and walk up and they should be worshipping me at this point as a god at first they're a little freaked out ok well maybe they're not worshipping me
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statistician swallowing swords on stage here so i figure it's ok amongst this group but that's not what i want to talk about today i want to talk about toys and the power that i see inherent in them when i was a kid i attended montessori school up to sixth grade in atlanta georgia and at the time i didn't think much about it but then later i realized that that was the high point of my education from that point on everything else was pretty much downhill
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and at the time i didn't think much about it but then later i realized that that was the high point of my education from that point on everything else was pretty much downhill and it wasn't until later as i started making games that i really actually think of them more as toys people call me a game designer but i really think of these things more as toys i started getting very interested in maria montessori and her methods and the way she went about things and the way she thought it very valuable for kids to discover things on their own rather than being taught these things overtly and she would design these toys where kids in playing with the toys would come to understand these deep principles of life and nature through play and since they discovered this it stuck with them so much more and also they would experience their own failures there was a failure based aspect to learning there it was very important
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and since they discovered this it stuck with them so much more and also they would experience their own failures there was a failure based aspect to learning there it was very important and so the games that i do i think of really more as modern montessori toys and i really kind of want them to be presented in a way to where kids can kind of explore and discover their own principles so a few years ago i started getting very interested in the seti program and that's the way i work i get interested in different subjects i dive in research them and then try to figure out how to craft a toy around that so that other people can experience the same sense of discovery that i did as i was learning that subject and it led me to the study of possible life in the universe
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i've been working on it for several years it's getting pretty close to finished now it occurs at all these different scales from very small to very large i'm going to pop in at the start of the game and you actually start this game in a drop of water as a very very small single cell creature and right off the bat you basically just have to live survive reproduce so here we are at a very microscopic scale swimming around
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i think that if we were to scan all of his work and look for self portraits we would find his face looking at us so i looked at all of his drawings more than and looked for male portraits there are about you see them here which ones of these could be self portraits well for that they have to be done as we just saw en face or three quarters so we can eliminate all the profiles it also has to be sufficiently detailed so we can also eliminate the ones that are very vague or very stylized and we know from his contemporaries that leonardo was a very handsome even beautiful man so we can also eliminate the ugly ones or the caricatures
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and look what happens only three candidates remain that fit the bill and here they are yes indeed the old man is there as is this famous pen drawing of the homo and lastly the only portrait of a male that leonardo painted the musician before we go into these faces i should explain why i have some right to talk about them i've made more than portraits myself for newspapers over the course of years sorry years only
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thousands of books have been written about him but there's controversy and it remains about his looks even this well known portrait is not accepted by many art historians
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so what do you think is this the face of leonardo da vinci or isn't it let's find out leonardo was a man that drew everything around him he drew people anatomy plants animals landscapes buildings water everything but no faces i find that hard to believe
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now this is a very un thing to do but let's kick off the afternoon with a message from a mystery sponsor dear fox news it has come to our unfortunate attention that both the name and nature of anonymous has been ravaged we are everyone we are no one we are anonymous we are legion
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when i turned it wasn't so much about the athletic accomplishment it wasn't the ego of i want to be the first that's always there and it's undeniable but it was deeper it was how much life is there left let's face it we're all on a one way street aren't we and what are we going to do what are we going to do as we go forward to have no regrets looking back and all this past year in training i had that teddy roosevelt quote to paraphrase it floating around in my brain it says you go ahead you go ahead and sit back in your comfortable chair and you be the critic you be the observer while the brave one gets in the ring and engages and gets bloody and gets dirty and fails over and over and over again but yet isn't afraid and isn't timid and lives life in a bold way and so of course i want to make it across it is the goal and i should be so shallow to say that this year the destination was even sweeter than the journey
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and we started and for the next hours it was an intense unforgettable life experience the highs were high the awe i'm not a religious person but i'll tell you to be in the azure blue of the gulf stream as if as you're breathing you're looking down miles and miles and miles to feel the majesty of this blue planet we live on it's awe inspiring i have a of about songs and especially in the middle of the night that night because we use no lights lights attract jellyfish lights attract sharks lights attract that attract sharks so we go in the pitch black of the night you've never seen black this black you can't see the front of your hand and the people on the boat bonnie and my team on the boat they just hear the slapping of the arms and they know where i am because there's no visual at all and i'm out there kind of tripping out on my little
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and the team is expert and the team is courageous and brimming with innovation and scientific discovery as is true of any major expedition on the planet and we've been on a journey and the debate has raged hasn't it since the greeks of isn't it what it's all about isn't life about the journey not really the destination and here we've been on this journey and the truth is it's been thrilling we haven't reached that other shore and still our sense of pride and commitment unwavering commitment
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and the debate has raged hasn't it since the greeks of isn't it what it's all about isn't life about the journey not really the destination and here we've been on this journey and the truth is it's been thrilling we haven't reached that other shore and still our sense of pride and commitment unwavering commitment when i turned the dream was still alive from having tried this in my dreamed it and imagined it the most famous body of water on the earth today i imagine cuba to florida and it was deep it was deep in my soul when i turned it wasn't so much about the athletic accomplishment it wasn't the ego of i want to be the first that's always there and it's undeniable but it was deeper
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i'm proud of it all but the truth is i'm walking around tall because i am that bold fearless person and i will be every day until it's time for these days to be done thank you very much and enjoy the conference
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i made one of the best decisions of my life as my new year's resolution i gave up dieting stopped worrying about my weight and learned to eat now i eat whenever i'm hungry and i've lost pounds this was me at age when i started my first diet i look at that picture now and i think you did not need a diet you needed a fashion consult
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an evolutionary perspective your body's resistance to weight loss makes sense when food was scarce our survival depended on conserving energy and regaining the weight when food was available would have protected them against the next shortage over the course of human history starvation has been a much bigger problem than overeating this may explain a very sad fact set points can go up but they rarely go down now if your mother ever mentioned that life is not fair this is the kind of thing she was talking about
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psychologists classify eaters into two groups those who rely on their hunger and those who try to control their eating through willpower like most dieters let's call them intuitive eaters and controlled eaters the interesting thing is that intuitive eaters are less likely to be overweight and they spend less time thinking about food controlled eaters are more vulnerable to overeating in response to advertising super sizing and the all eat buffet and a small indulgence like eating one scoop of ice cream is more likely to lead to a food binge in controlled eaters children are especially vulnerable to this cycle of dieting and then binging several long term studies have shown that girls who diet in their early teenage years are three times more likely to become overweight five years later even if they started at a normal weight and all of these studies found that the same factors that predicted weight gain also predicted the development of eating disorders the other factor by the way those of you who are parents was being teased by family members about their weight so don't do that
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neuroscientist i wondered why is this so hard obviously how much you weigh depends on how much you eat and how much energy you burn what most people don't realize is that hunger and energy use are controlled by the brain mostly without your awareness your brain does a lot of its work behind the scenes and that is a good thing because your conscious mind how do we put this politely it's easily distracted it's good that you don't have to remember to breathe when you get caught up in a movie you don't forget how to walk because you're thinking about what to have for dinner your brain also has its own sense of what you should weigh no matter what you consciously believe this is called your set point but that's a misleading term because it's actually a range of about or pounds you can use lifestyle choices to move your weight up and down within that range but it's much much harder to stay outside of it
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your brain also has its own sense of what you should weigh no matter what you consciously believe this is called your set point but that's a misleading term because it's actually a range of about or pounds you can use lifestyle choices to move your weight up and down within that range but it's much much harder to stay outside of it the the part of the brain that regulates body weight there are more than a dozen chemical signals in the brain that tell your body to gain weight more than another dozen that tell your body to lose it and the system works like a thermostat responding to signals from the body by adjusting hunger activity and metabolism to keep your weight stable as conditions change that's what a thermostat does right it keeps the temperature in your house the same as the weather changes outside now you can try to change the temperature in your house by opening a window in the winter but that's not going to change the setting on the thermostat which will respond by kicking on the furnace to warm the place back up your brain works exactly the same way responding to weight loss by using powerful tools to push your body back to what it considers normal if you lose a lot of weight your brain reacts as if you were starving and whether you started out fat or thin your brain's response is exactly the same we would love to think that your brain could tell whether you need to lose weight or not but it can't
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even after you've kept the weight off for as long as seven years your brain keeps trying to make you gain it back if that weight loss had been due to a long famine that would be a sensible response in our modern world of drive thru burgers it's not working out so well for many of us that difference between our ancestral past and our abundant present is the reason that dr of the university of ottawa would like to take some of his patients back to a time when food was less available and it's also the reason that changing the food environment is really going to be the most effective solution to obesity sadly a temporary weight gain can become permanent if you stay at a high weight for too long probably a matter of years for most of us your brain may decide that that's the new normal
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the ones that had no healthy habits had a higher risk of death adding just one healthy habit pulls overweight people back into the normal range
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i grew up in northern ireland right up in the very very north end of it there where it's absolutely freezing cold this was me running around in the back garden mid summer
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i couldn't pick a career in ireland the obvious choice is the military but to be honest it actually kind of sucks
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but the problem was that people kept blowing everything up so i actually went to school in belfast which was where all the action happened and this was a pretty common sight the school i went to was pretty boring they forced us to learn things like latin the school teachers weren't having much fun the sports were very dirty or very painful so i cleverly chose rowing which i got very good at and i was actually rowing for my school here until this fateful day and i flipped over right in front of the entire school and that was the finishing post right there
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here's clive sinclair now launching his color computer he's recognized as being the father of video games in europe he's a multi millionaire and i think that's why he's smiling in this photograph so i went on for the next years or so making a lot of different games some of the highlights were things like the terminator aladdin the teenage mutant hero turtles because i was from the united kingdom they thought the word ninja was a little too mean for children so they decided to call it hero instead i personally preferred the spanish version which was ninja that was much better
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million players it makes about million bucks a month in subscriptions it costs bucks just to install it on your computer making the publisher about another million the game costs about million dollars to make so basically it pays for itself in about a month a player in a game called project actually bought his own island for dollars you have to remember that this is not a real island he didn't actually buy anything just some data but he got great terms on it this purchase included mining and hunting rights ownership of all land on the island and a castle with no furniture included
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the name of this track is the magic to come who is that going to come from is it going to come from the best directors in the world as we thought it probably would i don't think so i think it's going to come from the children who are growing up now that aren't stuck with all of the stuff that we remember from the past they're going to do it their way using the tools that we've created the same with students or highly creative people writers and people like that as far as colleges go there's about colleges around the world teaching video game courses that means there's literally thousands of new ideas some of the ideas are really dreadful and some of them are great there's nothing worse than having to listen to someone try and pitch you a really bad video game idea
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you're off you're off that's it he's out of time i've just got a little tiny bit more if you'll indulge me go ahead i'm going to stay right here though
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this is my daughter her name's emma she's months old and i've been asking myself what is emma going to experience in the video game world and as i've shown here we have the audience she's never going to know a world where you can't press a button and have millions of people ready to play you know we have the technology she's never going to know a world where the graphics just aren't stunning and really and as the student video showed we can impact and move she's never going to know a world where video games aren't incredibly emotional and will probably make her cry i just hope she likes video games
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you see the picture at the bottom there's a picture of a guy doing homework with his son that's what they thought they had built it for the reality is we got the programming manual and we started making games for it we were programming in basic which is a pretty awful language for games so we ended up learning assembly language so we could really take control of the hardware this is the guy that invented it sir clive sinclair and he's showing his machine
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to play a game in those days you had to have an imagination to believe that you were really playing the graphics were just horrible you had to have an even better imagination to play this game death rider but of course the scientists couldn't help themselves they started making their own video games this is one of my favorite ones here where they have rabbit breeding so males choose the lucky rabbit
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it was around this time we went from to which was quite the leap and if you're wondering how much is this logo here is and in that amount of memory someone programmed a full flight simulation program and that's what it looked like i spent ages flying this flight simulator and i honestly believed i could fly airplanes by the end of it here's clive sinclair now launching his color computer he's recognized as being the father of video games in europe
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then the last game i did was based on trying to get the video game industry and hollywood to actually work together on something instead of licensing from each other to actually work now chris did ask me to bring some statistics with me so i've done that the video game industry in became a billion dollar business it grows every year last year was the biggest year by we're going to kick the butt of the music industry
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the video game industry in became a billion dollar business it grows every year last year was the biggest year by we're going to kick the butt of the music industry by we're going to hit billion percent of gamers are female so there's a lot more female gamers than people are really aware the average age of gamers well obviously it's for children right well no actually it's years old and interestingly the people who buy the most games are
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this market is now estimated at over million dollars annually and what's interesting about it is the market was actually created by the gamers themselves they found clever ways to trade items and to sell their accounts to each other so that they could make money while they were playing their games i dove onto a couple of days ago just to see what was gong on typed in world of got items i liked this one the best a level with lots of epics for dollars it's like that guy obviously had some pain while making it
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what do you think these people are doing they're actually bringing their computers so they can play games against each other and this is happening in every city around the world this is happening in your local cities too you're probably just not aware of it now chris told me that you had a timeline video a few years ago here just to show how video game graphics have been improving i wanted to update that video and give you a new look at it but what i want you to do is to try to understand it we're on this curve and the graphics are getting so ridiculously better
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i wanted to update that video and give you a new look at it but what i want you to do is to try to understand it we're on this curve and the graphics are getting so ridiculously better and i'm going to show you up to maybe but i want you to try and think about what games could look like years from now so we're going to start that video throughout human history people have played games as man's intellect and technology have evolved so too have the games he plays the thing again i want you to think about is don't look at these graphics and think of that's the way it is
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the first thing they took was my sleep eyes heavy but wide open thinking maybe i missed something maybe the cavalry is still coming they didn't come so i bought bigger pillows
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i was years old when i learned what the word genocide meant it was and my people were being brutally attacked because of their race hundreds of thousands murdered millions displaced a nation torn apart at the hands of its own government my mother and father immediately began speaking out against the crisis i didn't really understand it except for the fact that it was destroying my parents one day i walked in on my mother crying and i asked her why we are burying so many people i don't remember the words that she chose to describe genocide to her old daughter but i remember the feeling
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but it goes deeper than that researcher andrew hessel has pointed out quite rightly that if you can use cancer treatments modern cancer treatments to go after one cell while leaving all the other cells around it intact then you can also go after any one person's cell personalized cancer treatments are the flip side of personalized which means you can attack any one individual including all the people in this picture how will we protect them in the future what to do what to do about all this that's what i get asked all the time for those of you who follow me on i will be out the answer later on today
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consider the terrorist attack on the men that carried that attack out were armed with explosives and hand grenades
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my name is kate hartman and i like to make devices that play with the ways that we relate and communicate so i'm specifically interested in how we as humans relate to ourselves each other and the world around us
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so within my own work i use a broad range of materials and tools so i communicate through everything from radio to funnels and plastic tubing and to tell you a bit about the things that i make the easiest place to start the story is with a hat and so it all started several years ago late one night when i was sitting on the subway riding home and i was thinking and i tend to be a person who thinks too much and talks too little and so i was thinking about how it might be great if i could just take all these noises like all these sounds of my thoughts in my head if i could just physically extricate them and pull them out in such a form that i could share them with somebody else and so i went home and i made a prototype of this hat and i called it the muttering hat because it emitted these muttering noises that were kind of tethered to you but you could detach them and share them with somebody else
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so i make other hats as well this one is called the talk to yourself hat
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now listen to this every week for the foreseeable future until every week more than a million people are being added to our cities this is going to affect everything everybody in this room if you stay alive is going to be affected by what's happening in cities in this extraordinary phenomenon however cities despite having this negative aspect to them are also the solution because cities are the vacuum cleaners and the magnets that have sucked up creative people creating ideas innovation wealth and so on so we have this kind of dual nature and so there's an urgent need for a scientific theory of cities now these are my comrades in arms this work has been done with an extraordinary group of people and they've done all the work and i'm the great that tries to bring it all together
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of civilization they have been expanding urbanization has been expanding at an exponential rate in the last years so that by the second part of this century the planet will be completely dominated by cities cities are the origins of global warming impact on the environment health pollution disease finance economies energy they're all problems that are confronted by having cities that's where all these problems come from and the tsunami of problems that we feel we're facing in terms of sustainability questions are actually a reflection of the exponential increase in urbanization across the planet here's some numbers
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so if i was to ask you what the connection between a bottle of tide detergent and sweat was you'd probably think that's the easiest question that you're going to be asked in edinburgh all week but if i was to say that they're both examples of alternative or new forms of currency in a data driven global economy you'd probably think i was a little bit bonkers but trust me i work in advertising
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3,575 |
it's infused with a very complex cocktail of chemicals so it smells very luxurious and very distinctive and being a procter and gamble brand it's been supported by a lot of mass media advertising so what they're saying is that drug users are consumers too so they have this in their neural pathways when they spot tide there's a shortcut they say that is trust i trust that that's quality so it becomes this unit of currency which the new york magazine described as a very oddly loyal crime wave brand loyal crime wave and criminals are actually calling tide liquid gold now what i thought was funny was the reaction from the spokesperson they said obviously tried to dissociate themselves from drugs but said it reminds me of one thing and that's the value of the brand has stayed consistent
| 1 |
3,576 |
and i am going to tell you the answer but obviously after this short break so a more challenging question is one that i was asked actually by one of our writers a couple of weeks ago and i didn't know the answer what's the world's best performing currency it's actually now for those of you who may not be familiar is a crypto currency a virtual currency synthetic currency it was founded in by this anonymous programmer using a pseudonym satoshi nakamoto no one knows who or what he is
| 0 |
3,577 |
probably not going to do it proper service here but my interpretation of how it works is that are released through this process of mining so there's a network of computers that are challenged to solve a very complex mathematical problem and the person that manages to solve it first gets the and the are released they're put into a public ledger called the and then they float so they become a currency and completely decentralized that's the sort of scary thing about this which is why it's so popular so it's not run by the authorities or the state it's actually managed by the network and the reason that it's proved very successful is it's private it's anonymous it's fast and it's cheap
| 0 |
3,584 |
and the chemical plant comprised acres and over the course of bombing missions the allies dropped bombs on this acre chemical plant using the norden well what percentage of those bombs do you think actually landed inside the perimeter of the plant percent percent and of those percent that landed percent didn't even go off they were duds the chemical plant after one of the most extensive bombings in the history of the war was up and running within weeks and by the way all those precautions to keep the norden out of the hands of the nazis well it turns out that carl norden as a proper swiss was very enamored of german engineers so in the he hired a whole bunch of them including a man named hermann long who in gave a complete set of the plans for the norden to the nazis so they had their own norden throughout the entire war which also by the way didn't work very well
| 1 |
3,585 |
the theme of this morning's session is things we make and so i thought i would tell a story about someone who made one of the most precious objects of his era and the man's name is carl norden carl norden was born in and he was swiss and of course the swiss can be divided into two general categories those who make small exquisite expensive objects and those who handle the money of those who buy small exquisite expensive objects
| 0 |
3,587 |
in any case carl norden emigrates to the united states just before the first world war and sets up shop on lafayette street in downtown manhattan and he becomes obsessed with the question of how to drop bombs from an airplane now if you think about it in the age before and radar that was obviously a really difficult problem it's a complicated physics problem you've got a plane that's thousands of feet up in the air going at hundreds of miles an hour and you're trying to drop an object a bomb towards some stationary target in the face of all kinds of winds and cloud cover and all kinds of other impediments and all sorts of people moving up to the first world war and between the wars tried to solve this problem and nearly everybody came up short the that were available were incredibly crude
| 0 |
3,589 |
we need a broader debate a debate that involves musicians scientists philosophers writers who get engaged with this question about climate engineering and think seriously about what its implications are so here's one way to think about it which is that we just do this instead of cutting emissions because it's cheaper i guess the thing i haven't said about this is it is absurdly cheap it's conceivable that say using the method or this method i've come up with you could create an ice age at a cost of percent of it's very cheap we have a lot of leverage it's not a good idea but it's just important
| 1 |
3,590 |
and that calculation isn't much in dispute you might argue about the sanity of it but the leverage is real
| 1 |
3,592 |
and the reason i'm saying this is that you may have the idea this problem is relatively recent that people have just sort of figured out about it and now with kyoto and the and people beginning to actually do something we may be on the road to a solution the fact is uh uh we've known about this problem for years depending on how you count it we have talked about it endlessly over the last decade or so and we've accomplished close to zip this is the growth rate of in the atmosphere you've seen this in various forms but maybe you haven't seen this one what this shows is that the rate of growth of our emissions is accelerating
| 0 |
3,593 |
really we're doing this basically really not very much i don't want to depress you too much the problem is absolutely soluble and even soluble in a way that's reasonably cheap cheap meaning sort of the cost of the military not the cost of medical care
| 0 |
3,594 |
all right so let's take four subjects that obviously go together big data tattoos immortality and the greeks right now the issue about tattoos is that without a word tattoos really do shout beautiful intriguing so you don't have to say a lot allegiance very intimate serious mistakes and tattoos tell you a lot of stories
| 1 |
3,595 |
if i can ask an indiscreet question how many of you have tattoos a few but not most what happens if cell phones foursquare travel advisor all these things you deal with every day turn out to be electronic tattoos and what if they provide as much information about who and what you are as any tattoo ever would what's ended up happening over the past few decades is the kind of coverage that you had as a head of state or as a great celebrity is now being applied to you every day by all these people who are following you watching your credit scores and what you do to yourself and electronic tattoos also shout and as you're thinking of the consequences of that it's getting really hard to hide from this stuff among other things because it's not just the electronic tattoos it's facial recognition that's getting really good so you can take a picture with an and get all the names although again sometimes it does make mistakes
| 1 |
3,598 |
lesson number one remember he did a horrible thing condemned for all time to roll this rock up it would roll back down roll back up roll back down it's a little like your reputation once you get that electronic tattoo you're going to be rolling up and down for a long time so as you go through this stuff just be careful what you post myth number two orpheus wonderful guy charming to be around great great singer loses his beloved charms his way into the underworld only person to charm his way into the underworld charms the gods of the underworld they release his beauty on the condition he never look at her until they're out so he's walking out and walking out and walking out and he just can't resist he looks at her loses her forever with all this data out here it might be a good idea not to look too far into the past of those you love lesson number three atalanta
| 0 |
3,599 |
lesson number three atalanta greatest runner she would challenge anybody if you won she would marry you if you lost you died how did beat her well he had all these wonderful little golden apples and she'd run ahead and he'd roll a little golden apple she'd run ahead and he'd roll a little golden apple
| 0 |
3,604 |
yeah i ask myself that frequently we're trying to dig a hole under la and this is to create the beginning of what will hopefully be a network of tunnels to alleviate congestion so right now one of the most soul destroying things is traffic it affects people in every part of the world it takes away so much of your life it's horrible it's particularly horrible in la
| 1 |
3,605 |
so a single road lane tunnel according to regulations has to be feet maybe feet in diameter to allow for crashes and emergency vehicles and sufficient ventilation for combustion engine cars but if you shrink that diameter to what we're attempting which is feet which is plenty to get an electric skate through you drop the diameter by a factor of two and the cross sectional area by a factor of four and the tunneling cost scales with the cross sectional area so that's roughly a half order of magnitude improvement right there then tunneling machines currently tunnel for half the time then they stop and then the rest of the time is putting in reinforcements for the tunnel wall so if you design the machine instead to do continuous tunneling and reinforcing that will give you a factor of two improvement combine that and that's a factor of eight also these machines are far from being at their power or thermal limits so you can jack up the power to the machine substantially i think you can get at least a factor of two maybe a factor of four or five improvement on top of that so i think there's a fairly straightforward series of steps to get somewhere in excess of an order of magnitude improvement in the cost per mile and our target actually is we've got a pet snail called gary this is from gary the snail from south park i mean sorry
| 1 |
3,607 |
you want to beat gary we want to beat gary
| 1 |
3,608 |
but a lot of people imagining dreaming about future cities they imagine that actually the solution is flying cars drones etc you go why isn't that a better solution you save all that tunneling cost right i'm in favor of flying things obviously i do rockets so i like things that fly this is not some inherent bias against flying things but there is a challenge with flying cars in that they'll be quite noisy the wind force generated will be very high let's just say that if something's flying over your head a whole bunch of flying cars going all over the place that is not an anxiety reducing situation
| 1 |
3,609 |
you're going under a lot of buildings and houses and if you go deep enough you cannot detect the tunnel sometimes people think well it's going to be pretty annoying to have a tunnel dug under my house like if that tunnel is dug more than about three or four tunnel beneath your house you will not be able to detect it being dug at all in fact if you're able to detect the tunnel being dug whatever device you are using you can get a lot of money for that device from the israeli military who is trying to detect tunnels from hamas and from the us customs and border patrol that try and detect drug tunnels so the reality is that earth is incredibly good at absorbing vibrations and once the tunnel depth is below a certain level it is undetectable maybe if you have a very sensitive seismic instrument you might be able to detect it so you've started a new company to do this called the boring company very nice very funny
| 1 |
3,611 |
it's maybe two or three percent you've bought a hobby this is what an musk hobby looks like
| 1 |
3,612 |
yeah exactly a lot of people think that when you make cars autonomous they'll be able to go faster and that will alleviate congestion and to some degree that will be true but once you have shared autonomy where it's much cheaper to go by car and you can go point to point the affordability of going in a car will be better than that of a bus like it will cost less than a bus ticket so the amount of driving that will occur will be much greater with shared autonomy and actually traffic will get far worse you started tesla with the goal of persuading the world that electrification was the future of cars and a few years ago people were laughing at you now not so much ok
| 1 |
3,613 |
so it's fairly easy if you say i'm going to be really good at one specific that's one thing but it should be able to go really be very good certainly once you enter a highway to go anywhere on the highway system in a given country so it's not sort of limited to la to new york we could change it and make it seattle florida that day in real time so you were going from la to new york now go from la to toronto so leaving aside regulation for a second in terms of the technology alone the time when someone will be able to buy one of your cars and literally just take the hands off the wheel and go to sleep and wake up and find that they've arrived how far away is that to do that safely i think that's about two years so the real trick of it is not how do you make it work say percent of the time because like if a car crashes one in a thousand times then you're probably still not going to be comfortable falling asleep you shouldn't be certainly
| 1 |
3,615 |
it's alive ok that's definitely a case where we want to be cautious about the autonomy features yeah
| 1 |
3,616 |
this is a heavy duty long range so it's the highest weight capability and with long range so essentially it's meant to alleviate the heavy duty trucking loads and this is something which people do not today think is possible they think the truck doesn't have enough power or it doesn't have enough range and then with the tesla semi we want to show that no an electric truck actually can out torque any diesel semi and if you had a tug competition the tesla semi will tug the diesel semi uphill
| 1 |
3,617 |
yes so what will be really fun about this is you have a flat torque rpm curve with an electric motor whereas with a diesel motor or any kind of internal combustion engine car you've got a torque rpm curve that looks like a hill so this will be a very spry truck you can drive this around like a sports car there's no gears it's like single speed there's a great movie to be made here somewhere i don't know what it is and i don't know that it ends well but it's a great movie
| 1 |
3,618 |
illustrates the picture of the future that i think is how things will evolve you've got an electric car in the driveway if you look in between the electric car and the house there are actually three stacked up against the side of the house and then that house roof is a solar roof so that's an actual solar glass roof ok that's a picture of a real well admittedly it's a real fake house that's a real fake house
| 1 |
3,620 |
how fast does it actually go well when it's running at full speed you can't actually see the cells without a strobe light it's just blur
| 1 |
3,621 |
whoa no more teasing from you for here like where continent you can say no we need to address a global market ok
| 1 |
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