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3,811 |
i grew up very privileged and it's important to talk about privilege because we don't talk about it here a lot of us are very privileged i grew up servants cars televisions all that stuff my story of nigeria growing up was very different from the story i encountered in prison and i had no language for it i was completely terrified completely broken and kept trying to find a new language a new way to make sense of all of this six months after that with no explanation they let me go now for those of you who have seen me at the buffet tables know that it was because it was costing them too much to feed me
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i was i read james baldwin's another country and that book broke me not because i was encountering homosexual sex and love for the first time but because the way james wrote about it made it impossible for me to attach otherness to it here jimmy said here is love all of it the fact that it happens in another country takes you quite by surprise my friend ronald gottesman says there are three kinds of people in the world those who can count and those who can't
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the truth is everything we know about america everything americans come to know about being american isn't from the news i live there we don't go home at the end of the day and think well i really know who i am now because the wall street journal says that the stock exchange closed at this many points what we know about how to be who we are comes from stories it comes from the novels the movies the fashion magazines it comes from popular culture
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3,816 |
there's a poem by jack gilbert called the forgotten dialect of the heart he says when the tablets were first translated they were thought to be business records but what if they were poems and psalms my love is like twelve ethiopian goats standing still in the morning light shiploads of are what my body wants to say to your body giraffes are this desire in the dark this is important it's important because misreading is really the chance for complication and opportunity the first bible was translated from english in about the by bishop crowther who was a and it's important to know is a tonal language and so they'll say the word and same spelling one means sky or heaven and one means bicycle or iron
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3,817 |
the first bible was translated from english in about the by bishop crowther who was a and it's important to know is a tonal language and so they'll say the word and same spelling one means sky or heaven and one means bicycle or iron so god is in heaven surrounded by his angels was translated as and for some reason in cameroon when they tried to translate the bible into they chose the version and i'm not going to give you the translation i'm going to make it standard english basically it ends up as god is on a bicycle with his angels this is good because language complicates things you know we often think that language mirrors the world in which we live and i find that's not true the language actually makes the world in which we live
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3,818 |
you know we often think that language mirrors the world in which we live and i find that's not true the language actually makes the world in which we live language is not i mean things don't have any value by themselves we ascribe them a value and language can't be understood in its abstraction it can only be understood in the context of story and everything all of this is story and it's important to remember that because if we don't then we become we've had a lot of a parade of amazing ideas here but these are not new to africa nigeria got its independence in
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3,819 |
nigeria got its independence in the first time the possibility for independence was discussed was in following the women's market riots in in the middle of the nigerian civil war dr invented the cholera vaccine so you know the thing is to remember that because otherwise years from now we'll be back here trying to tell this story again so what it says to me then is that it's not really the problem isn't really the stories that are being told or which stories are being told the problem really is the terms of humanity that we're willing to bring to complicate every story and that's really what it's all about let me tell you a nigerian joke well it's just a joke anyway so there's tom dick and harry and they're working construction
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to conclude i mean what we do does it have a broader relevance or is it just india or developing countries so to address this we studied versus aravind what it shows is that we do roughly about percent of the volume of what the does near a half million surgeries as a whole country and we do about and then we train about ophthalmologists against the trained by them comparable quality both in training and in patient care so we're really comparing apples to apples we looked at cost
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for a blind woman i couldn't thread a needle or see the lice in my hair if an ant fell into my rice i couldn't see that either becoming blind is a big part of it but i think it also deprives the person of their livelihood their dignity their independence and their status in the family so she is just one amongst the millions who are blind and the irony is that they don't need to be a simple well proven surgery can restore sight to millions and something even simpler a pair of glasses can make millions more see if we add to that the many of us here now who are more productive because they have a pair of glasses then almost one in five indians will require eye care a staggering million people
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3,838 |
older and most of us are scared stiff at the prospect how does that word make you feel i used to feel the same way what was i most worried about ending up drooling in some grim institutional hallway and then i learned that only four percent of older americans are living in nursing homes and the percentage is dropping what else was i worried about dementia turns out that most of us can think just fine to the end dementia rates are dropping too the real epidemic is anxiety over memory loss
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3,841 |
nobody's born but it starts at early childhood around the same time attitudes towards race and gender start to form because negative messages about late life bombard us from the media and popular culture at every turn right wrinkles are ugly old people are pathetic it's sad to be old look at hollywood a survey of recent best picture nominations found that only percent of speaking or named characters were age and up and many of them were portrayed as impaired older people can be the most of all because we've had a lifetime to internalize these messages and we've never thought to challenge them i had to acknowledge it and stop colluding senior moment quips for example i stopped making them when it dawned on me that when i lost the car keys in high school i didn't call it a junior moment
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i stopped blaming my sore knee on being my other knee doesn't hurt and it's just as old
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gender we used to think of it as a binary male or female and now we understand it's a spectrum it is high time to ditch the old young binary too there is no line in the sand between old and young after which it's all downhill and the longer we wait to challenge that idea the more damage it does to ourselves and our place in the world like in the workforce where age discrimination is rampant in silicon valley engineers are getting and hair plugged before key interviews and these are skilled white men in their so imagine the effects further down the food chain
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3,846 |
older and most of us are scared stiff at the prospect how does that word make you feel i used to feel the same way what was i most worried about ending up drooling in some grim institutional hallway and then i learned that only four percent of older americans are living in nursing homes and the percentage is dropping what else was i worried about dementia
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3,847 |
it turns out that the longer people live the less they fear dying and that people are happiest at the beginnings and the end of their lives it's called the u curve of happiness and it's been borne out by dozens of studies around the world you don't have to be a buddhist or a billionaire the curve is a function of the way aging itself affects the brain so i started feeling a lot better about getting older and i started obsessing about why so few people know these things the reason is discrimination and stereotyping on the basis of age
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3,852 |
and it is not the passage of time that makes getting older so much harder than it has to be it is when labels are hard to read or there's no handrail or we can't open the damn jar we blame ourselves our failure to age successfully instead of the that makes those natural transitions shameful and the discrimination that makes those barriers acceptable you can't make money off satisfaction but shame and fear create markets and capitalism always needs new markets who says wrinkles are ugly the multi skin care industry who says and low t and mild cognitive impairment are medical conditions the trillion dollar pharmaceutical industry the more clearly we see these forces at work the easier it is to come up with alternative more positive and more accurate narratives aging is not a problem to be fixed or a disease to be cured it is a natural powerful lifelong process that unites us all
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companies aren't just better places to work they work better and just like race and sex age is a criterion for diversity a growing body of fascinating research shows that attitudes towards aging affect how our minds and bodies function at the cellular level when we talk to older people like this or call them sweetie or young lady it's called they appear to instantly age walking and talking less competently people with more positive feelings towards aging walk faster they do better on memory tests they heal quicker and they live longer
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3,854 |
i come from one of the most liberal tolerant progressive places in the united states seattle washington and i grew up with a family of great my mother was an artist my father was a college professor and i am truly grateful for my upbringing because i always felt completely comfortable designing my life exactly as i saw fit and in point of fact i took a that was not exactly what my parents had in mind when i was i dropped out of college dropped out kicked out splitting hairs
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and i went on the road as a professional french horn player which was my lifelong dream i played chamber music all over the united states and europe and i toured for a couple of years with a great jazz guitar player named charlie bird and by the end of my i wound up as a member of the barcelona symphony orchestra in spain what a great life and you know my parents never complained they supported me all the way through it it wasn't their dream they used to tell their neighbors and friends our son he's taking a gap decade
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3,857 |
now the truth is i wasn't really political i was just a french horn player but i had a bit of an epiphany and they had detected it and it was causing some confusion you see i had become an enthusiast for capitalism and i want to tell you why that is it stems from a lifelong interest of mine in believe it or not poverty see when i was a kid growing up in seattle i remember the first time i saw real poverty we were a lower middle class family but that's of course not real poverty
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3,858 |
see when i was a kid growing up in seattle i remember the first time i saw real poverty we were a lower middle class family but that's of course not real poverty that's not even close the first time i saw poverty and face was when i was six or seven years old early and it was like a lot of you kind of a prosaic example kind of trite it was a picture in the national geographic magazine of a kid who was my age in east africa and there were flies on his face and a distended belly and he wasn't going to make it and i knew that and i was helpless some of you remember that picture not exactly that picture one just like it it introduced the west to grinding poverty around the world
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3,860 |
and so that's what i've been striving for all of my life i was very fortunate early in my career i was fortunate in finding things i wasn't very good at reading things in fact i don't read much of anything i am extremely dyslexic and so reading is the hardest thing i do but instead i go out and i find things then i just pick things up i basically practice for finding money on the street
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3,861 |
we were able to actually say that dinosaurs based on the evidence we had that dinosaurs built nests and lived in colonies and cared for their young brought food to their babies and traveled in gigantic herds so it was pretty interesting stuff i have gone on to find more things and discover that dinosaurs really were very social we have found a lot of evidence that dinosaurs changed from when they were juveniles to when they were adults the appearance of them would have been different which it is in all social animals in social groups of animals the juveniles always look different than the adults the adults can recognize the juveniles the juveniles can recognize the adults and so we're making a better picture of what a dinosaur looks like and they didn't just all chase jeeps around
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3,862 |
and then steven spielberg of course depicts these dinosaurs as being very social creatures the theme of this story is building a dinosaur and so we come to that part of jurassic park michael crichton really was one of the first people to talk about bringing dinosaurs back to life you all know the story right i mean i assume everyone here has seen jurassic park if you want to make a dinosaur you go out you find yourself a piece of petrified tree sap otherwise known as amber that has some blood sucking insects in it good ones and you get your insect and you drill into it and you suck out some because obviously all insects that sucked blood in those days sucked dinosaur out and you take your back to the laboratory and you clone it and i guess you inject it into maybe an ostrich egg or something like that and then you wait and lo and behold out pops a little baby dinosaur and everybody's happy about that
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they keep doing it they just keep making these things and then then then and then then the dinosaurs being social act out their and they get together and they conspire and of course that's what makes steven spielberg's movie conspiring dinosaurs chasing people around so i assume everybody knows that if you actually had a piece of amber and it had an insect in it and you drilled into it and you got something out of that insect and you cloned it and you did it over and over and over again you'd have a room full of mosquitos
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but birds are dinosaurs birds are living dinosaurs we actually classify them as dinosaurs we now call them non dinosaurs and dinosaurs so the non dinosaurs are the big clunky ones that went extinct dinosaurs are our modern birds so we don't have to make a dinosaur because we already have them
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the chicken is a dinosaur i mean it really is you can't argue with it because we're the and we've classified it that way
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we also have is really cool too that's where you take a gene out of one animal and stick it in another one that's how people make you take a glow gene out of a coral or a jellyfish and you stick it in a and puff they glow and that's pretty cool and they obviously make a lot of money off of them and now they're making glow rabbits and glow i guess we could make a glow chicken
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3,869 |
and here's an example this is a chicken with teeth a fellow by the name of matthew harris at the university of wisconsin in madison actually figured out a way to stimulate the gene for teeth and so was able to actually turn the tooth gene on and produce teeth in chickens now that's a good characteristic we can save that one we know we can use that we can make a chicken with teeth that's getting closer that's better than a glowing chicken
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3,870 |
and so what we're looking for is that gene we want to stop that gene from turning on fusing those hands together so we can get a chicken that hatches out with a three fingered hand like the and the same goes for the tails birds have basically rudimentary tails and so we know that in embryo as the animal is developing it actually has a relatively long tail but a gene turns on and the tail gets rid of it so that's the other gene we're looking for we want to stop that tail from so what we're trying to do really is take our chicken modify it and make the
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3,871 |
but it's just the very basics so that really is what we're doing and people always say why do that why make this thing what good is it well that's a good question actually i think it's a great way to teach kids about evolutionary biology and developmental biology and all sorts of things and quite frankly i think if colonel sanders was to be careful how he worded it he could actually advertise an extra piece
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i was fortunate in finding things i wasn't very good at reading things
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3,873 |
we were able to actually say that dinosaurs based on the evidence we had that dinosaurs built nests and lived in colonies and cared for their young brought food to their babies and traveled in gigantic herds so it was pretty interesting stuff
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3,874 |
michael crichton really was one of the first people to talk about bringing dinosaurs back to life you all know the story right
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3,875 |
you want dinosaur i say go to the dinosaur so that's what we've done back in when the movie came out we actually had a grant from the national science foundation to attempt to extract from a dinosaur and we chose the dinosaur on the left a tyrannosaurus rex which was a very nice specimen and one of my former doctoral students dr mary schweitzer actually had the background to do this sort of thing and so she looked into the bone of this t rex one of the thigh bones and she actually found some very interesting structures in there they found these red circular looking objects and they looked for all the world like red blood cells
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3,876 |
rex one of the thigh bones and she actually found some very interesting structures in there they found these red circular looking objects and they looked for all the world like red blood cells and they're in what appear to be the blood channels that go through the bone and so she thought well what the heck so she sampled some material out of it now it wasn't she didn't find but she did find which is the biological foundation of hemoglobin and that was really cool that was interesting
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3,877 |
and that was really cool that was interesting that was here we have well we tried and tried and we couldn't really get anything else out of it so a few years went by and then we started the hell creek project and the hell creek project was this massive undertaking to get as many dinosaurs as we could possibly find and hopefully find some dinosaurs that had more material in them and out in eastern montana there's a lot of space a lot of badlands and not very many people and so you can go out there and find a lot of stuff and we did find a lot of stuff we found a lot of but we found one special and we called it b rex
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3,878 |
and b rex was found under a thousand cubic yards of rock it wasn't a very complete t rex and it wasn't a very big t rex but it was a very special b rex and i and my colleagues cut into it and we were able to determine by looking at lines of arrested growth some lines in it that b rex had died at the age of we don't really know how long dinosaurs lived because we haven't found the oldest one yet but this one died at the age of we gave samples to mary schweitzer and she was actually able to determine that b rex was a female based on tissue found on the inside of the bone tissue is the calcium build up the calcium storage basically when an animal is pregnant when a bird is pregnant
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3,879 |
we gave samples to mary schweitzer and she was actually able to determine that b rex was a female based on tissue found on the inside of the bone tissue is the calcium build up the calcium storage basically when an animal is pregnant when a bird is pregnant so here was the character that linked birds and dinosaurs but mary went further she took the bone and she dumped it into acid now we all know that bones are fossilized and so if you dump it into acid there shouldn't be anything left but there was something left there were blood vessels left there were flexible clear blood vessels
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3,880 |
there were blood vessels left there were flexible clear blood vessels and so here was the first soft tissue from a dinosaur it was extraordinary but she also found which are the cells that laid down the bones and try and try we could not find but she did find evidence of proteins but we thought maybe well we thought maybe that the material was breaking down after it was coming out of the ground we thought maybe it was deteriorating very fast and so we built a laboratory in the back of an trailer and actually took the laboratory to the field where we could get better samples
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3,882 |
and we know selection works we started out with a wolf like creature and we ended up with a maltese
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3,885 |
and here is the work of two brothers from sao paulo fernando and humberto campana who got inspired by the poverty and that they saw around them to do pieces of furniture that now are selling for an enormous amount of money but that's because of the kind of strangeness of the market itself so really design takes everything into account and the interesting thing is that as the technology advances as we become more and more wireless and designers instead want us to be hands on sometimes hammer on this is a whole series of furniture that wants to engage you physically even this chair that you have to open up and then sit on so that it takes your imprint all the way to this beautiful series of objects that are considered design by ana mir in barcelona from this kind of made with human hair to these chocolate to these intra toe candies that your lover is supposed to suck from your toes
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but it's not only that the typeface the typeface is it's its anniversary this year and so i start thinking max and all those swiss designers together trying to outdo and come up with a new sans typeface and the movie starts playing in my head already
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3,888 |
now one other thing happened around this same time my mother became a diplomat so from this small superstitious middle class neighborhood of my grandmother i was zoomed into this posh international school in madrid where i was the only turk it was here that i had my first encounter with what i call the representative foreigner in our classroom there were children from all nationalities yet this diversity did not necessarily lead to a cosmopolitan egalitarian classroom democracy instead it generated an atmosphere in which each child was seen not as an individual on his own but as the representative of something larger we were like a miniature united nations which was fun except whenever something negative with regards to a nation or a religion took place the child who represented it was mocked ridiculed and bullied endlessly and i should know because during the time i attended that school a military takeover happened in my country a gunman of my nationality nearly killed the pope and turkey got zero points in the song contest
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so i feel connected to each language in a different way for me like millions of other people around the world today english is an acquired language when you're a latecomer to a language what happens is you live there with a continuous and perpetual frustration as latecomers we always want to say more you know crack better jokes say better things but we end up saying less because there's a gap between the mind and the tongue and that gap is very intimidating but if we manage not to be frightened by it it's also stimulating and this is what i discovered in boston that frustration was very stimulating at this stage my grandmother who had been watching the course of my life with increasing anxiety started to include in her daily prayers that i urgently get married so that i could settle down once and for all and because god loves her i did get married
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3,890 |
and since my husband is in istanbul i started commuting between arizona and istanbul the two places on the surface of earth that couldn't be more different i guess one part of me has always been a nomad physically and spiritually stories accompany me keeping my pieces and memories together like an existential glue yet as much as i love stories recently i've also begun to think that they lose their magic if and when a story is seen as more than a story and this is a subject that i would love to think about together when my first novel written in english came out in america i heard an interesting remark from a literary critic i liked your book he said but i wish you had written it differently
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3,891 |
writer and commuter james baldwin gave an interview in in which he was repeatedly asked about his homosexuality when the interviewer tried to pigeonhole him as a gay writer baldwin stopped and said but don't you see there's nothing in me that is not in everybody else and nothing in everybody else that is not in me when identity politics tries to put labels on us it is our freedom of imagination that is in danger there's a fuzzy category called multicultural literature in which all authors from outside the western world are lumped together i never forget my first multicultural reading in harvard square about years ago we were three writers one from the one turkish and one indonesian like a joke you know
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3,892 |
i was born in strasbourg france to turkish parents shortly after my parents got separated and i came to turkey with my mom
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3,893 |
i was born in strasbourg france to turkish parents shortly after my parents got separated and i came to turkey with my mom from then on i was raised as a single child by a single mother now in the early in ankara that was a bit unusual our neighborhood was full of large families where fathers were the heads of households so i grew up seeing my mother as a divorcee in a patriarchal environment in fact i grew up observing two different kinds of womanhood on the one hand was my mother a well educated secular modern westernized turkish woman on the other hand was my grandmother who also took care of me and was more spiritual less educated and definitely less rational this was a woman who read coffee grounds to see the future and melted lead into mysterious shapes to fend off the evil eye
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3,895 |
we're born into a certain family nation class but if we have no connection whatsoever with the worlds beyond the one we take for granted then we too run the risk of drying up inside
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3,896 |
i'm used to thinking of the ted audience as a wonderful collection of some of the most effective intelligent intellectual savvy worldly and innovative people in the world and i think that's true however i also have reason to believe that many if not most of you are actually tying your shoes incorrectly
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3,897 |
there's a strong form and a weak form of this knot and we were taught the weak form and here's how to tell if you pull the strands at the base of the knot you will see that the bow will orient itself down the long axis of the shoe that's the weak form of the knot but not to worry if we start over and simply go the other direction around the bow we get this the strong form of the knot
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3,900 |
so these are reviews of hundreds of studies by all the big of the scientific pantheon in the united states and these are the studies that show needle programs are effective quite a lot of them now the ones that show that needle programs aren't effective you think that's one of these annoying dynamic slides and i'm going to press my and the rest of it's going to come up but no that's the whole slide
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there is nothing on the other side so completely irrational you would think except that wait a minute politicians are rational too and they're responding to what they think the voters want so what we see is that voters respond very well to things like this and not quite so well to things like this
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it was someone's birthday and they had very kindly smuggled some heroin into jail and he was very generously sharing it out with all of his colleagues and so everyone lined up all the in a row and the guy whose birthday it was filled up the fit and he went down and started injecting people so he injects the first guy and then he's wiping the needle on his shirt and he injects the next guy
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3,905 |
and you know you can't fault him for accuracy but actually frankie at that time was a heroin addict and he was in jail so his choice was either to accept that dirty needle or not to get high and if there's one place you really want to get high it's when you're in jail but i'm a scientist and i don't like to make data out of anecdotes so let's look at some data we talked to drug addicts in three cities in indonesia and we said well do you know how you get oh yeah by sharing needles i mean nearly percent yeah by sharing needles
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3,931 |
i think camping is the worst so there would not be any joint camping trips in our future the second thing is that she's politically active all right as a conservative i may hate camping but i love politics i listen to conservative talk radio just about every day and i've volunteered for a few different conservative political campaigns and i'd say i'm a little to the left like all the way to the left
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i've always been interested in politics i was a political science major and i worked as a community organizer and on a congressional campaign so as and i were getting to know each other it was right in the middle of that presidential campaign and most of our early political conversations were really just based in jokes and pranks so as an example i would change computer screen saver to a picture of mitt romney or she would put an campaign magnet on the back of my car
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you make it sound so simple but getting to that place of true dialogue is hard especially when we're talking about politics it is so easy to get emotionally fired up about issues that we're passionate about and we can let our ego get in the way of truly hearing the other person's perspective and in this crazy political climate we're in right now unfortunately we're seeing an extreme result of those heated political conversations to the point where people are willing to walk away from their relationships in fact rasmussen released a poll earlier this year that said percent of people reported that the election negatively impacted a personal relationship and the journal of cognitive neuroscience tells us that people tend to feel their way to their beliefs rather than using reasoning and that when reason and emotion collide it's emotion that invariably wins so no wonder it's hard to talk about these issues and look we're just two regular friends who happen to think very differently about politics and the role that government should play in our lives and i know we were all taught not to talk about politics because it's not polite but we need to be able to talk about it because it's important to us and it's a part of who we are we have chosen to avoid political debate and instead engage in dialogue in order to maintain what we fondly call our bipartisan friendship
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start with january and the women's march at this point you can probably guess which one of us participated
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3,936 |
number one the name women's march as a conservative woman the march's platform of issues didn't represent me and that's ok but hearing it talked about as this demonstration of sisterhood and solidarity for all women didn't ring true for me the other piece was the timing of the event the fact that it was the day after the presidential inauguration it felt like we weren't even giving the new administration to actually do anything good or bad before people felt the need to demonstrate against it and under normal circumstances i would agree with caitlin i think an administration does deserve the benefit of the doubt but in this case i was marching to show my concern that a man with such a poor track record with women and other groups had been elected as president i had to be part of the collective voice that wanted to send a clear message to the new president that we did not accept or condone his behavior or rhetoric during the election so i'm already feeling kind of aggravated and then i see this from pop up in my social media feed
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most of us political conversations are a zero sum game there's a winner and there's a loser we go for the attack and we spot a weakness in someone's argument and here's the important part we tend to take every comment or opinion that's expressed as a personal affront to our own values and beliefs but what if changed the way we think about these conversations what if in these heated moments we chose dialogue over debate when we engage in dialogue we flip the script we replace our ego and our desire to win with curiosity empathy and a desire to learn instead of coming from a place of judgment we are genuinely interested in the other person's experiences their values and their concerns you make it sound so simple
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3,940 |
and i shared with caitlin that we actually started talking about the march weeks before we participated and my boys were curious as to why the event was being organized and this led to some very interesting family conversations we talked about how in this country we have the right and the privilege to demonstrate against something we don't agree with and my husband shared with them why he thought it was so important that men joined the women's march but the most significant reason we marched as a family is that it was a way for us to honor my parents' legacy they spent their careers working to defend the rights of some of our most vulnerable citizens and they passed these values down to me and my brother and we want to do the same with our sons after talking to i really understood not only why she felt it was so important to march but why she had her boys with her and frankly my assumptions were wrong
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so today we're asking you to have a conversation talk to someone outside of your political party who might challenge your thinking make an effort to engage with someone with whom you might typically avoid a political conversation but remember the goal isn't to win the goal is to listen and to understand and to be open to learning something new so let's go back to election night as the polls were closing and it became clear that trump was going to be our new president i was devastated i was sad i was confused and i'll be honest i was angry and then just before midnight i received this text message from caitlin i know this is a hard night for you guys
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3,943 |
love you and where there so easy could have been weeks or months of awkwardness and unspoken hostility there was this an offering of empathy rooted in friendship and i knew in that moment that we would make it through this so we must find a way to engage in meaningful conversations that are going to move us forward as a nation and we can no longer wait for our elected officials to elevate our national discourse the challenges ahead are going to require all of us to participate in a deeper and more meaningful way and it starts with each one of us building connection through dialogue in our relationships our communities and as a country thank you
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this is the natural history museum in rotterdam where i work as a curator it's my job to make sure the collection stays okay and that it grows and basically it means i collect dead animals back in we got a new wing next to the museum it was made of glass and this building really helped me to do my job good the building was a true bird killer you may know that birds don't understand the concept of glass they don't see it so they fly into the windows and get killed the only thing i had to do was go out pick them up and have them stuffed for the collection
| 1 |
3,947 |
so i went out collected the duck and before i put it in the freezer i checked if the victim was indeed of the male sex and here's a rare picture of a duck's penis so it was indeed of the male sex it's a rare picture because there are species of birds and only possess a penis the first case of homosexual in the mallard anas i knew i'd seen something special but it took me six years to decide to publish it
| 1 |
3,948 |
i didn't have the framework so after six years my friends and colleagues urged me to publish so i published the first case of homosexual in the mallard and here's the situation again a is my office b is the place where the duck hit the glass and c is from where i watched it and here are the ducks again as you probably know in science when you write a kind of special paper only six or seven people read it
| 1 |
3,952 |
this is the netherlands these are cane toads in australia this is please note that this is it's remarkable the position the missionary position is very rare in the animal kingdom these are pigeons in rotterdam barn swallows in hong kong this is a turkey in wisconsin on the premises of the ethan allen juvenile correctional institution
| 0 |
3,953 |
so what does this mean i mean the question i ask myself why does this happen in nature well what i concluded from reviewing all these cases is that it is important that this happens only when death is instant and in a dramatic way and in the right position for at least i thought it was till i got these slides and here you see a dead duck it's been there for three days and it's laying on its back
| 0 |
3,954 |
so what this bird does is fight his own image he sees an intruder in his territory and it's coming all the time and he's there so there is no end to it
| 0 |
3,956 |
they assume two things one is that i'm always on time and i'm not i have four small children and i would like to blame them for my occasional tardiness but sometimes it's just not their fault i was once late to my own speech on time management
| 1 |
3,958 |
being extremely judicious in microwave usage it says three to three half minutes on the package we're totally getting in on the bottom side of that and my personal favorite which makes sense on some level is to your favorite shows so you can fast forward through the commercials that way you save eight minutes every half hour so in the course of two hours of watching tv you find minutes to exercise
| 1 |
3,960 |
but the reason she was unavailable to speak with me is that she was out for a hike because it was a beautiful spring morning and she wanted to go for a hike so of course this makes me even more intrigued and when i finally do catch up with her she explains it like this she says listen laura everything i do every minute i spend is my choice and rather than say i don't have time to do x y or z she'd say i don't do x y or z because it's not a priority i don't have time often means it's not a priority if you think about it that's really more accurate language i could tell you i don't have time to dust my blinds but that's not true if you offered to pay me to dust my blinds i would get to it pretty quickly
| 1 |
3,961 |
i want to give you two strategies for thinking about this the first on the professional side i'm sure many people coming up to the end of the year are giving or getting annual performance reviews you look back over your successes over the year your opportunities for growth and this serves its purpose but i find it's more effective to do this looking forward so i want you to pretend it's the end of next year you're giving yourself a performance review and it has been an absolutely amazing year for you professionally what three to five things did you do that made it so amazing so you can write next year's performance review now and you can do this for your personal life too i'm sure many of you like me come december get cards that contain these folded up sheets of colored paper on which is written what is known as the family holiday letter
| 1 |
3,962 |
bit of a wretched genre of literature really going on about how amazing everyone in the household is or even more how busy everyone in the household is but these letters serve a purpose which is that they tell your friends and family what you did in your personal life that mattered to you over the year so this year's kind of done but i want you to pretend it's the end of next year and it has been an absolutely amazing year for you and the people you care about what three to five things did you do that made it so amazing so you can write next year's family holiday letter now don't send it
| 1 |
3,963 |
first you can read some other family histories get a sense for the style then maybe think about the questions you want to ask your relatives set up appointments to interview them or maybe you want to run a so you need to find a race and sign up figure out a training plan and dig those shoes out of the back of the closet and then this is key we treat our priorities as the equivalent of that broken water heater by putting them into our schedules first we do this by thinking through our weeks before we are in them i find a really good time to do this is friday afternoons friday afternoon is what an economist might call a low opportunity cost time most of us are not sitting there on friday afternoons saying i am excited to make progress toward my personal and professional priorities right now
| 1 |
3,965 |
there was once a study comparing people's estimated work weeks with time diaries they found that people claiming hour work weeks were off by about hours
| 1 |
3,966 |
anyway the idea is we'll save bits of time here and there add it up we will finally get to everything we want to do but after studying how successful people spend their time and looking at their schedules hour by hour i think this idea has it completely backward we don't build the lives we want by saving time we build the lives we want and then time saves itself here's what i mean i recently did a time diary project looking at days in the lives of extremely busy women
| 0 |
3,967 |
here's what i mean i recently did a time diary project looking at days in the lives of extremely busy women they had demanding jobs sometimes their own businesses kids to care for maybe parents to care for community commitments busy busy people i had them keep track of their time for a week so i could add up how much they worked and slept and i interviewed them about their strategies for my book one of the women whose time log i studied goes out on a wednesday night for something she comes home to find that her water heater has broken and there is now water all over her basement if you've ever had anything like this happen to you you know it is a hugely damaging frightening sopping mess so she's dealing with the immediate aftermath that night next day she's got plumbers coming in day after that professional cleaning crew dealing with the ruined carpet all this is being recorded on her time log
| 0 |
3,969 |
asked her at the start of the week could you find seven hours to train for a triathlon could you find seven hours to mentor seven worthy people i'm sure she would've said what most of us would've said which is no can't you see how busy i am yet when she had to find seven hours because there is water all over her basement she found seven hours and what this shows us is that time is highly elastic we cannot make more time but time will stretch to accommodate what we choose to put into it and so the key to time management is treating our priorities as the equivalent of that broken water heater to get at this i like to use language from one of the busiest people i ever interviewed by busy i mean she was running a small business with people on the payroll she had six children in her spare time i was getting in touch with her to set up an interview on how she had it all that phrase i remember it was a thursday morning and she was not available to speak with me
| 0 |
3,971 |
please don't send it but you can write it and now between the performance review and the family holiday letter we have a list of six to ten goals we can work on in the next year and now we need to break these down into doable steps so maybe you want to write a family history first you can read some other family histories get a sense for the style
| 0 |
3,972 |
but we are willing to think about what those should be so take a little bit of time friday afternoon make yourself a three category priority list career relationships self making a three category list reminds us that there should be something in all three categories career we think about relationships self not so much but anyway just a short list two to three items in each then look out over the whole of the next week and see where you can plan them in
| 0 |
3,973 |
where you plan them in is up to you i know this is going to be more complicated for some people than others i mean some people's lives are just harder than others it is not going to be easy to find time to take that poetry class if you are caring for multiple children on your own i get that and i don't want to minimize anyone's struggle but i do think that the numbers i am about to tell you are empowering
| 0 |
3,975 |
we have plenty of time which is great because guess what we don't even need that much time to do amazing things but when most of us have bits of time what do we do pull out the phone right start deleting emails otherwise we're puttering around the house or watching tv but small moments can have great power you can use your bits of time for bits of joy maybe it's choosing to read something wonderful on the bus on the way to work
| 0 |
3,977 |
gas is a similar issue gas is also a biological product and as you think of gas well you're familiar with gas and here's a different way of mining coal this is called coal bed methane why is this picture interesting because if coal turns out to be concentrated plant life the reason why you may get a differential in gas output between one mine and another the reason why one mine may blow up and another one may not blow up may be because there's stuff eating that stuff and producing gas this is a well known phenomenon
| 1 |
3,979 |
this is what accumulates in the tar sands of alberta these are sulfur blocks because as you separate that petroleum from the sand and use an enormous amount of energy inside that vapor steam to separate this stuff you also have to separate out the sulfur the difference between light crude and heavy crude well it's about bucks a barrel that's why you're building these pyramids of sulfur blocks and by the way the scale on these things is pretty large now if you can take part of the energy content out of doing this you reduce the system and you really do start applying biological principles to energy this has to be a bridge to the point where you can get to wind to the point where you can get to solar to the point where you can get to nuclear and hopefully you won't build the next nuclear plant on a beautiful seashore next to an earthquake fault
| 1 |
3,981 |
is oil it's gas it's coal and part of building that bridge to the future to the point where we can actually see the oceans in a rational way or put up these geo spatial orbits that will twirl or do microwaves or stuff is going to depend on how we understand and manage it and to do that you really have to look first at agriculture so we've been planting stuff for years and in the measure that we plant stuff what we learn from agriculture is you've got to deal with pests you've got to deal with all types of awful things you've got to cultivate stuff in the measure that you learn how to use water to cultivate then you're going to be able to spread beyond the nile you're going to be able to power stuff so irrigation makes a difference
| 0 |
3,983 |
this is a guy called norman he won the nobel prize he's got the congressional medal of honor he deserves all of this stuff and he deserves this stuff because he probably has fed more people than any other human being alive because he researched how to put biology behind seeds he did this in mexico the reason why india and china no longer have these massive famines is because norman taught them how to grow grains in a more efficient way and launched the green revolution that is something that a lot of people have criticized
| 0 |
3,986 |
i knew i had superpowers that's right
| 1 |
3,988 |
i thought i was absolutely amazing because i could understand and relate to the feelings of brown people like my grandfather a conservative muslim guy and also i could understand my afghan mother my pakistani father not so religious but laid back fairly liberal and of course i could understand and relate to the feelings of white people the white norwegians of my country you know white brown whatever i loved them all i understood them all even if they didn't always understand each other they were all my people
| 0 |
3,990 |
now what we're doing is we're going through a process to scale up to a town of about so we can see this work at big scale and we've got a production unit in oxford or just south of oxford where we actually produce these mosquitos we can produce them in a space a bit more than this red carpet i can produce about million a week we can transport them around the world it's not very expensive because it's a coffee cup something the size of a coffee cup will hold about three million eggs so freight costs aren't our biggest problem
| 1 |
3,991 |
so i'd like to start by focusing on the world's most dangerous animal now when you talk about dangerous animals most people might think of lions or tigers or sharks but of course the most dangerous animal is the mosquito the mosquito has killed more humans than any other creature in human history in fact probably adding them all together the mosquito has killed more humans and the mosquito has killed more humans than wars and plague
| 0 |
3,992 |
the page is that it's that broken experience on the web it's effectively the default page when you ask a website for something and it can't find it and it serves you the page it's inherently a feeling of being broken when you go through it and i just want you to think a little bit about remember for yourself it's annoying when you hit this thing because it's the feeling of a broken relationship and that's where it's actually also interesting to think about where does come from it's from a family of errors actually a whole set of relationship errors which when i started digging into them it looks almost like a checklist for a sex therapist or a couples counselor you sort of get down there to the bottom and things get really dicey
| 1 |
3,994 |
where this comes into play and why this is important is i head up a technology incubator and we had eight startups sitting around there and those startups are focused on what they are not what they're not until one day which is a website that focuses on services for extreme athletes found this video joey whoa you just no he's not okay they took that video and they embedded it in their page and it was like a light bulb went off for everybody in the place because finally there was a page that actually felt like what it felt like to hit a
| 1 |
3,996 |
yes but these things are everywhere they're on sites big they're on sites small this is a global experience what a page tells you is that you fell through the cracks and that's not a good experience when you're used to experiences like this
| 0 |
3,997 |
this turned into a contest that offers inspiration put inspiration on their page which helps you find pet sitters through your social network with your pet each one of them found this it turned into a contest
| 0 |
3,998 |
so it's very clear that if you look at these numbers or all the other numbers that i talk about in my book world that we're very very far from the no border effect benchmark which would imply internationalization levels of the order of percent so clearly minded authors have overstated the case but it's not just the as i think of them who are prone to this kind of overstatement i've also spent some time surveying audiences in different parts of the world on what they actually guess these numbers to be let me share with you the results of a survey that harvard business review was kind enough to run of its readership as to what people's guesses along these dimensions actually were so a couple of observations stand out for me from this slide first of all there is a suggestion of some error okay
| 1 |
3,999 |
because i suspect some of you may still be a little bit skeptical of the claims i think it's important to just spend a little bit of time thinking about why we might be prone to a couple of different reasons come to mind first of all there's a real dearth of data in the debate let me give you an example when i first published some of these data a few years ago in a magazine called foreign policy one of the people who wrote in not entirely in agreement was tom friedman and since my article was titled why the world isn't flat that wasn't too surprising
| 1 |
4,000 |
and this caused me to scratch my head because as i went back through his several book i couldn't find a single figure chart table reference or footnote so my point is i haven't presented a lot of data here to convince you that i'm right but i would urge you to go away and look for your own data to try and actually assess whether some of these hand insights that we've been bombarded with actually are correct so dearth of data in the debate is one reason a second reason has to do with peer pressure i remember i decided to write my why the world isn't flat article because i was being interviewed on tv in and the first question to me was professor why do you still believe that the world is round and i started laughing because i hadn't come across that formulation before
| 1 |
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