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407 |
i wish i could spend half an hour telling you about how we almost died on this dive but what's important in this picture is that you have a piece of multi year ice that big chunk of ice up in the corner in that one single piece of ice you have species of microorganisms and in the spring when the sun returns to the ice it forms the phytoplankton grows under that ice and then you get bigger sheets of seaweed and then you get the feeding on all that life so really what the ice does is it acts like a garden it acts like the soil in a garden it's an inverted garden losing that ice is like losing the soil in a garden here's me in my office
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426 |
i went up to the front of the tank and he's just staring at me and he had little horns come up above his eyes so i went right up to the front of the tank i was three or four inches from the front glass and the octopus was sitting on a perch a little rock and he came off the rock and he also came down right to the front of the glass so i was staring at this animal about six or seven inches away and at that time i could actually focus that close now as i look at my fuzzy fingers i realize those days are long gone anyway there we were staring at each other and he reaches down and grabs an of gravel and releases it in the jet of water entering the tank from the filtration system and this gravel hits the front of the glass and falls down he reaches up takes another of gravel releases it same thing then he lifts another arm and i lift an arm then he lifts another arm and i lift another arm and then i realize the octopus won the arms race because i was out and he had six left
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428 |
i first became fascinated with octopus at an early age i grew up in mobile alabama somebody's got to be from mobile right and mobile sits at the confluence of five rivers forming this beautiful delta and the delta has alligators crawling in and out of rivers filled with fish and cypress trees dripping with snakes birds of every flavor it's an absolute magical wonderland to live in if you're a kid interested in animals to grow up in and this delta water flows to mobile bay and finally into the gulf of mexico
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it seriously threatens the livelihoods of millions of people and especially in africa and china and it is largely an issue that we've created for ourselves through unsustainable use of scarce resources so we get climate change we get droughts increased crashing food systems water scarcity famine forced migration political instability warfare crisis that's a potential scenario if we fail to take this seriously but how far away is it i went to in northern nigeria to try and find out how far away it is the dunes here move southward at a pace of around meters a year that's the sahara eating up almost two meters a day of the arable land physically pushing people away from their homes here i am i'm the second person on the left with the elders in kara a tiny village outside of
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432 |
it's a bit funny to be at a conference dedicated to things not seen and present my proposal to build a long wall across the entire african continent about the size of the great wall of china this would hardly be an invisible structure and yet it's made from parts that are invisible or near invisible to the naked eye bacteria and grains of sand now as architects we're trained to solve problems but i don't really believe in architectural problems i only believe in opportunities which is why i'll show you a threat and an architectural response
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433 |
but i don't really believe in architectural problems i only believe in opportunities which is why i'll show you a threat and an architectural response the threat is my response is a sandstone wall made from bacteria and solidified sand stretching across the desert now sand is a magical material of beautiful contradictions it is simple and complex it is peaceful and violent it is always the same never the same endlessly fascinating one billion grains of sand come into existence in the world each second
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435 |
y'all like that let me show you how we used to do it get it pops go ahead when i was growing up in the
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439 |
yeah i remember that's when she was a little baby we would do something like this i remember that all right pops pops pops chill out chill out hold up hold up hold up y'all remember the video this is like a little payback or something for million people calling me the loser
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442 |
how many of you out there suffer from yes ha ha ha ha now sometimes you might last longer than minutes or even shorter but i think we all suffer from it and do you have the accompanying guilt for me i look at the paintings on the wall and i think somebody has decided to put them there thinks they're good enough to be on that wall but i don't always see it in fact most of the time i don't see it and i leave feeling actually unhappy i feel guilty and unhappy with myself rather than thinking there's something wrong with the painting i think there's something wrong with me and that's not a good experience to leave a gallery like that
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443 |
she's in the studio with him for a long time these paintings took a long time to make they would have spent the time alone all that time she's wearing his wife's pearl earring she's gorgeous she obviously loves him she's conflicted and does the wife know maybe not and if she doesn't well that's the story
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he's a man a servant an older servant looking at this younger servant saying look at me i want to warn you about what you're about to go through please look at me and he never does and that lack of resolution the lack of resolution in girl with a pearl earring we don't know if she's happy or sad i've written an entire novel about her and i still don't know if she's happy or sad again and again back to the painting looking for the answer looking for the story to fill in that gap and we may make a story and it satisfies us momentarily but not really and we come back again and again the last painting i'm going to talk about is called anonymous by anonymous
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i'm going to tell you about an affliction i suffer from and i have a funny feeling that quite a few of you suffer from it as well when i'm walking around an art gallery rooms and rooms full of paintings after about or minutes i realize i'm not thinking about the paintings i'm not connecting to them instead i'm thinking about that cup of coffee i desperately need to wake me up i'm suffering from gallery fatigue
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447 |
the thing is i think we should give ourselves a break if you think about going into a restaurant when you look at the menu are you expected to order every single thing on the menu no you select if you go into a department store to buy a shirt are you going to try on every single shirt and want every single shirt of course not you can be selective it's expected how come then it's not so expected to be selective when we go to an art gallery why are we supposed to have a connection with every single painting well i'm trying to take a different approach and there's two things i do when i go into a gallery first of all i go quite fast and i look at everything and i pinpoint the ones that make me slow down for some reason or other i don't even know why they make me slow down but something pulls me like a magnet and then i ignore all the others and i just go to that painting so it's the first thing i do is i do my own
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448 |
what made me do it at school i will admit this academically i couldn't express myself so i was more or less classed as nothing my world was seen as less so i decided i didn't really want to be a part of that world i thought i need to retreat into something else so when my mother used to take me to school she thought i was at school and i used to do a u turn when her back was turned and run off and hide in the shed at the back of the garden now the one time i was in the shed and my mother suspected something thinking i was at school my mother was like the woman in tom and jerry so you'd just see her feet
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so i'm sitting there thinking and as i looked down on the ground i noticed there was some ants running around and i went into this little fantasy world and i thought these ants are they looking for the queen ant or do they need somewhere to live so i thought perhaps if i made these ants some apartments they'll move in
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i say yes they're all for you and they moved in and decided not to pay me any rent
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when i discovered that i had this gift i wanted to experiment with this world that we can't see so i realized that there was more to life than just everything that we see around us that's huge so i started to educate myself on this molecular level and as i got older i continued i showed my mother my mother told me to take it smaller now i shall show you something here and i'll explain as you can see that's a
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455 |
so to cut a long story short i went home went underneath the microscope and i crushed up a piece of glass crushed it up and underneath the microscope there were of glass some of them were quite jagged so i was crushing up these pieces of glass which as you can see that's the actual frame of the house and the actual roof is made up of a fiber which i found in my sister's old teddy bear
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and i looked at it beneath the microscope and some of it was flat so i decided to slice these up with the tool that i make by i sharpen the end of a needle into a blade and then i actually slow down my whole nervous system and then i work between my heartbeat i have one half seconds to actually move and at the same time i have to watch i don't inhale my own work at the same time
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so after i've done the same thing then i have to paint it and after i've actually sculpted them i have to paint them i experimented with a i found a dead fly and i plucked the hair off the head decided to make a paintbrush
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and we use the word nothing nothing doesn't exist because there is always something
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462 |
what made me do this work i shall go into my story this all started when i was age five what made me do it at school i will admit this academically i couldn't express myself so i was more or less classed as nothing
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463 |
at that age obviously i couldn't express it that way but i told her i didn't feel right and then she just said you're going back to school tomorrow
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so what i did like i said come back to the glass i found these little bits of glass and i had to make them square so i'm thinking how can i do this so what i did i got an broke the edge of an off
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466 |
so i didn't think he was going to throw bart off i think he was just warning him actually
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468 |
and sometimes they turn into little catapults and things go up in the air and you know all different things happen but i had to make a little barrier going around it out of cellophane to stop it moving then static electricity set in and it went and i'm trying to remove it and the static is interfering with everything
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and they go meow ow even though they get on our nerves i would never kill an insect because all creatures great and small there is a hymn that says that so what i decided to do is to pluck fine hair out of my face and i looked at it underneath the microscope
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and then i went and then she went ok he's not mad yeah to actually do this thing the actual chariot is made of gold i had a gold ring and i cut off a little flake of gold and i bent it and made it into the chariot and the horse is made from nylon
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473 |
that ship there that's made from gold and i normally rig it with the web of a money spider but i had to rig it with strands of glue because the web of the spider it was sending me insane because i couldn't get the web to move off and that's gold and it's constructed i built it
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484 |
not a metaphorical one the way we use it today but a literal magic spell associated with witches and gypsies and to some extent celtic magic and over the years around the turn of the century it started to take on this other kind of deception this definition for any artificial interest in or association with an object through which it appears magnified or glorified but still glamour is an illusion glamour is a magic spell and there's something dangerous about glamour throughout most of history when the witches cast a magic spell on you it was not in your self interest it was to get you to act against your interest well of course in the century glamour came to have this different meaning associated with hollywood and this is hedy lamarr hedy lamarr said anyone can look glamorous all you have to do is sit there and look stupid
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485 |
now this was kindly lent to me by jeff from last year this is underneath jeff's desk this is what the real world of computers lamps electrical appliances of all kinds looks like but if you look in a catalog particularly a catalog of modern beautiful objects for your home it looks like this there are no cords look next time you get these catalogs in your mail you can usually figure out where they hid the cord but there's always this illusion that if you buy this lamp you will live in a world without cords
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and it comes in a male form too very glamorous not only can he shoot drive drink you know he drinks wine there actually is a little wine in there and of course always wears a tuxedo
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magazine well it's certainly not this one this is the least glamorous magazine on the newsstand it's all about sex tips sex tips are not glamorous and drew barrymore for all her wonderful charm is not glamorous either but there is a glamour of industry
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489 |
okay you are the people to whom my talk will be of practical value
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those tribal societies which constituted all human societies for most of human history are far more diverse than are our modern recent big societies all big societies that have governments and where most people are strangers to each other are inevitably similar to each other and different from tribal societies tribes constitute thousands of natural experiments in how to run a human society they constitute experiments from which we ourselves may be able to learn
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492 |
but they had an amazing freedom which was they didn't have to make any money from it the internet has no business plan never did no no firm responsible singly for building it instead it's folks getting together to do something for fun rather than because they were told to or because they were expecting to make a mint off of it that ethos led to a network architecture a structure that was unlike other digital networks then or since so unusual in fact that it was said that it's not clear the internet could work as late as was known to say you couldn't possibly build a corporate network using internet protocol and even some internet engineers today say the whole thing is a pilot project and the jury is still out
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that's why the mascot of internet engineering if it had one is said to be the because the fur ratio of the is far too large for it to be able to fly and yet mysteriously somehow the bee flies i'm pleased to say that thanks to massive government funding about three years ago we finally figured out how bees fly
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494 |
so what is this bizarre architecture configuration that makes the network sing and be so unusual well to move data around from one place to another again it's not like a package courier it's more like a mosh pit
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we have a hijacking of this is not a drill it's not just the of engineers i promise something is up in pakistan and they came together to help find the problem and fix it so it's kind of like if your house catches on fire the bad news is there is no fire brigade the good news is random people from nowhere put out the fire and leave without expecting payment or praise i was trying to think of the right model to describe this form of random acts of kindness by geeky strangers
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number two if a man named came up to you in and said i've got a great idea we start with seven articles that anybody can edit anything at any time and we'll get a great encyclopedia eh right dumbest idea ever
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jimbo's idea was for it was going to be totally traditional he would pay people money because he was feeling like a good guy and the money would go to the people and they would write the articles the was introduced so others could make suggestions on edits as almost an afterthought a back room and then it turns out the back room grew to encompass the entire project and today is so ubiquitous that you can now find it on chinese restaurant menus
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number one tendentious editing by user apologies if you're here today i'm not taking sides attacking me for reverting here is my favorite a long story
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that's what keeps afloat at all times is approximately minutes away from utter destruction right there are crawling it trying to turn every article into an ad for a rolex watch
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we see it on all over the place i mean this is a business week cover wow are going to change your business i know they look silly and sure they look silly they start off on all sorts of goofy projects this is my favorite goofy com
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in the real world we see filtering of this sort taking place in pakistan and we now have means that we can build like this system so that people can report the filtering as they encounter it and it's no longer just a i don't know i couldn't get there i guess i'll move on but suddenly a collective consciousness about what is blocked and censored where online in fact talk about technology imitating life imitating tech or maybe it's the other way around an researcher here took little cardboard robots with smiley faces on them and a motor that just drove them forward and a flag sticking out the back with a desired destination it said can you help me get there released it on the streets of manhattan
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507 |
i don't know as a simple example we could run a test here how many people have ever i know how many people have within the past years right so what has changed it's not better public transportation so that's one reason to think that we might be going in the wrong direction but i want to give you three examples to try to say that the trend line is in fact in the other direction and it's the internet helping it along so example number one the internet itself these are three of the founders of the internet
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so example number one the internet itself these are three of the founders of the internet they were actually high school classmates together at the same high school in suburban los angles in the you might have had a french club or a debate club they had a let's build a global network club and it worked out very well they are pictured here for their anniversary newsweek retrospective on the internet and as you can tell they are basically goof balls they had one great limitation and one great freedom as they tried to conceive of a global network the limitation was that they didn't have any money
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509 |
no one pays you to do this it's just part of your neighborly duty and in a way that's exactly how packets move around the internet sometimes in as many as or hops with the intervening entities that are passing the data around having no particular contractual or legal obligation to the original sender or to the receiver now of course in a mosh pit it's hard to specify a destination you need a lot of trust but it's not like i'm trying to get to pensacola please
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510 |
now of course in a mosh pit it's hard to specify a destination you need a lot of trust but it's not like i'm trying to get to pensacola please so the internet needs addressing and directions it turns out there is no one overall map of the internet instead again it is as if we are all sitting together in a theater but we can only see amidst the fog the people immediately around us so what do we do to figure out who is where we turn to the person on the right and we tell that person what we see on our left and vice versa and they can lather rinse repeat and before you know it you have a general sense of where everything is
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is how internet addressing and actually work this is a system that relies on kindness and trust which also makes it very delicate and vulnerable in rare but striking instances a single lie told by just one entity in this honeycomb can lead to real trouble so for example last year the government of pakistan asked its internet service providers there to prevent citizens of pakistan from seeing there was a video there that the government did not like and they wanted to make sure it was blocked this is a common occurrence governments everywhere are often trying to block and filter and censor content on the internet
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well this one in pakistan chose to effectuate the block for its subscribers in a rather unusual way it advertised the way that you might be asked if you were part of the internet to declare what you see near you it advertised that near it in fact it had suddenly awakened to find that it was that's right it said i am which meant that packets of data from subscribers going to stopped at the since they thought they were already there and the threw them away unopened because the point was to block it but it didn't stop there you see that announcement went one click out which got reverberated one click out and it turns out that as you look at the postmortem of this event you have at one moment perfectly working
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they're realizing that they have to take responsibility for what they do and has embraced this some of you may remember star wars kid the poor teenager who filmed himself with a golf ball retriever acting as if it were a light saber the film without his permission or even knowledge at first found its way onto the internet hugely viral video
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the film without his permission or even knowledge at first found its way onto the internet hugely viral video extremely popular totally to him now it being encyclopedic and all had to do an article about star wars kid every article on has a corresponding discussion page and on the discussion page they had extensive argument among the as to whether to have his real name featured in the article you could see arguments on both sides here is just a snapshot of some of them they eventually decided not unanimously by any means not to include his real name despite the fact that nearly all media reports did
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here is just a snapshot of some of them they eventually decided not unanimously by any means not to include his real name despite the fact that nearly all media reports did they just didn't think it was the right thing to do it was an act of kindness and to this day the page for star wars kid has a warning right at the top that says you are not to put his real name on the page if you do it will be removed immediately removed by people who may have disagreed with the original decision but respect the outcome and work to make it stay because they believe in something bigger than their own opinion as a lawyer i've got to say these guys are inventing the law and stare and stuff like that as they go along now this isn't just limited to we see it on all over the place
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but then you hit this one image removed at request of owner
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we've got a climate crisis so we went around the table to talk about what we should do the conversation came to my old daughter mary she said i agree with everything that's been said i'm scared and i'm angry and then she turned to me and said dad your generation created this problem you'd better fix it wow all the conversation stopped all the eyes turned to me
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and wal mart has committed they're going to sell another million light bulbs in the coming year but it's not easy consumers don't really like these light bulbs the light's kind of funny they won't dim takes a while for them to start up but the pay off is really enormous million compact fluorescent light bulbs means that we'll save million dollars in energy bills and million tons of every year year in and year out it does seem really hard to get consumers to do the right thing it is stupid that we use two tons of steel glass and plastic to haul our sorry selves to the shopping mall it's stupid that we put water in plastic bottles in fiji and ship it here
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shortly after i saw that we had some friends over for dinner with the family the conversation turned to global warming and everybody agreed there's a real problem we've got a climate crisis
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and so my partners and i we set off on this mission to learn more to try to do much more so we mobilized we got on airplanes
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we went to brazil we went to china and to india to bentonville arkansas to washington d c and to sacramento and so what i'd like to do now is to tell you about what we've learned in those journeys because the more we learned the more concerned we grew you know my partners at kleiner and i were compulsive and so when we see a big problem or an opportunity like flu or personalized medicine we just get together the smartest people we know for this climate crisis we assembled a network really of superstars from policy activists to scientists and entrepreneurs and business leaders fifty or so of them
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536 |
but here comes nature that provides us with a good spider this is a predatory mite just as small as a spider mite one two millimeters long not more than that running quickly hunting chasing the spider mites and here you can see this lady in action on your left hand side just sucks the body fluids on the left hand side of the pest mite and after five minutes this is what you see just a typical dead corpse the shriveled sucked out dead corpse of the spider mite and next to it two individuals predatory mites a mother on the left hand side a young nymph on the right hand side by the way a meal for them for hours is about five of the spider mites of the bad mites and or to eggs of the pest mites by the way they are always hungry
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aphids it's springtime now in israel when temperatures rise sharply you can see those bad ones those aphids all over the plants in your in your lantana in the young fresh foliage of the so called spring flush by the way with aphids you have only females like amazons females giving rise to females giving rise to other females no males at all as it's so called and they're very happy with that apparently
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538 |
and here comes the salvation through this parasitic wasp here we are not talking about a predator here we are talking a parasite not a two legged parasite but an eight legged parasite of course this is a parasitic wasp again two millimeters long slender a very quick and sharp flier and here you can see this parasite in action like in an acrobatic maneuver she stands in front of the victim at the right hand side bending its abdomen and inserting a single egg into the body fluids of the aphid by the way the aphid tries to escape she kicks and bites and different liquids but nothing will happen in fact only the egg of the will be inserted into the body fluids of the aphid and after a few days depending upon temperature the egg will hatch and the larva of this parasite will eat the aphid from the inside
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is all natural this is all natural this is not fiction nothing at all again in your backyard in your backyard
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540 |
i'm a bug lover myself not from childhood by the way but rather late when i majoring in zoology at tel aviv university i kind of fell in love with bugs and then within zoology i took the course or the discipline of entomology the science of insects and then i thought to myself how can i be practical or help in the science of entomology and then i moved to the world of plant protection plant protection from insects from bad bugs and then within plant protection i came into the discipline of biological pest control which we actually define as the use of living organisms to reduce populations of noxious plant pests
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543 |
well let's go hand by hand and browse through just a few examples what is a pest what damage does it actually inflict on the plant and what is the natural enemy the biological control agent or the good bug that we're talking about in general i'm going to talk about insects and spiders or mites let us call them insects those six legged organisms and spiders or mites the eight legged organisms let's have a look at that here is a devastating pest a spider mite because it does a lot of webbing like a spider you see the mother in between and two daughters probably on the left and right and a single egg on the right hand side
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have something in common their interests in business lie on or near the earth's surface the odd one out is an astronomer and i am one of that strange breed
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545 |
we know our universes are united though links between left and right the everyday world is determined by atoms how they stick together to make molecules stars are fueled by how the nuclei in those atoms react together and as we've learned in the last few years galaxies are held together by the gravitational pull of so called dark matter particles in huge swarms far smaller even than atomic nuclei but we'd like to know the synthesis symbolized at the very top the micro world of the quantum is understood on the right hand side gravity holds sway einstein explained that but the unfinished business for century science is to link together cosmos and micro world with a unified theory symbolized as it were at the top of that picture
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and in fact we are midway it would take as many human bodies to make up the sun as there are atoms in each of us the geometric mean of the mass of a proton and the mass of the sun is kilograms within a factor of two of the mass of each person here well most of you anyway the science of complexity is probably the greatest challenge of all greater than that of the very small on the left and the very large on the right and it's this science which is not only enlightening our understanding of the biological world but also transforming our world faster than ever and more than that it's new kinds of change and i now move on to the second part of my talk and the book our final century was mentioned if i was not a self effacing brit i would mention the book myself and i would add that it's available in paperback
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i'll talk first as an astronomer and then as a worried member of the human race but let's start off by remembering that darwin showed how we're the outcome of four billion years of evolution and what we try to do in astronomy and cosmology is to go back before simple beginning to set our earth in a cosmic context and let me just run through a few slides this was the impact that happened last week on a comet if they'd sent a nuke it would have been rather more spectacular than what actually happened last monday
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this was the impact that happened last week on a comet if they'd sent a nuke it would have been rather more spectacular than what actually happened last monday so that's another project for nasa that's mars from the european mars express and at new year this artist's impression turned into reality when a parachute landed on titan saturn's giant moon it landed on the surface this is pictures taken on the way down that looks like a coastline it is indeed but the ocean is liquid methane the temperature minus degrees centigrade
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551 |
that looks like a coastline it is indeed but the ocean is liquid methane the temperature minus degrees centigrade if we go beyond our solar system we've learned that the stars aren't points of light each one is like a sun with a retinue of planets orbiting around it and we can see places where stars are forming like the eagle nebula we see stars dying in six billion years the sun will look like that and some stars die spectacularly in a supernova explosion leaving remnants like that on a still bigger scale we see entire galaxies of stars
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552 |
on a still bigger scale we see entire galaxies of stars we see entire ecosystems where gas is being recycled and to the these galaxies are just the atoms as it were of the large scale universe this picture shows a patch of sky so small that it would take about patches like it to cover the full moon in the sky through a small telescope this would look quite blank but you see here hundreds of little faint each is a galaxy fully like ours or andromeda which looks so small and faint because its light has taken billion light years to get to us the stars in those galaxies probably don't have planets around them there's scant chance of life there that's because there's been no time for the nuclear fusion in stars to make silicon and carbon and iron the building blocks of planets and of life
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because as soon as you hear the word dutchman which is an archaic word nobody calls dutch people anymore but as soon as you hear dutchman you get this picture of the kid with his finger in the dike preventing the thing from falling and flooding holland and so on and so the entire issue is by the use of dutchman now if you think i'm exaggerating at all in this all you have to do is substitute something else like indonesian
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sometimes in the middle of a resistant problem i write down things that i know about it but you can see the beginning of an idea there because you can see the word new emerging from the old that's what happens there's a relationship between the old and the new the new emerges from the context of the old and then i did some variations of it but it still wasn't coalescing graphically at all i had this other version which had something interesting about it in terms of being able to put it together in your mind from clues the w was clearly a w the n was clearly an n even though they were very fragmentary and there wasn't a lot of information in it then i got the words new and old and now i had back to a point where there seemed to be no return
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564 |
on a work by piero in this case that remarkable painting that's in the the duke of who faces his consort battista once i realized that i could take some liberties with the subject i did the following series of drawings that's the real piero della francesca one of the greatest portraits in human history and these i'll just show these without comment it's just a series of variations on the head of the duke of who's a great great figure in the renaissance and probably the basis for machiavelli's the prince he apparently lost an eye in battle which is why he is always shown in profile and this is battista
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the phrase is expresses the current inclusiveness that surrounds art making a sort of ain't what you do it's the way that you do notion the shadow of falls across the central part of the poster a poetic event that occurs as the shadow man isolates the word hidden in the word the four hats shown in the poster suggests how art might be defined as a thing itself the worth of the thing the shadow of the thing and the shape of the thing whatever
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569 |
and the one that i did not submit which i still like i wanted to use the same phrase there were wonderful experiments by bruno on some years ago sort of see how far you could go and still be able to read them and that idea stuck in my head but then i took the pieces that i had taken off and put them at the bottom
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570 |
bruno suzanne just a curiosity what you're wearing is not random suzanne lee no this is one of the jackets you grew yes it is it's probably part of the project's still in process because this one is actually in front of your eyes
| 1 |
571 |
so as a fashion designer i've always tended to think of materials something like this or this or maybe this but then i met a biologist and now i think of materials like this green tea sugar a few microbes and a little time i'm essentially using a recipe which is a symbiotic mix of bacteria yeasts and other micro organisms which spin cellulose in a fermentation process over time these tiny threads form in the liquid into layers and produce a mat on the surface so we start by brewing the tea i brew up to about liters of tea at a time and then while it's still hot add a couple of kilos of sugar
| 0 |
582 |
and this was our first attempt starting with the digital information of the genome of phi it's a small virus that kills bacteria we designed the pieces went through our error correction and had a molecule of about letters the exciting phase came when we took this piece of inert chemical and put it in the bacteria and the bacteria started to read this genetic code made the viral particles the viral particles then were released from the cells and came back and killed the e coli i was talking to the oil industry recently and i said they clearly understood that model
| 1 |
589 |
when we first this genome in the standard of accuracy was one error per base pairs we actually found on it errors had we used that original sequence it never would have been able to be booted up part of the design is designing pieces that are letters long that have to overlap with all the other pieces to build smaller we have to design so they can go together
| 0 |
590 |
we are seeking normal human brains there's a lot of criteria by which we're selecting these brains we want to make sure that we have normal humans between the ages of to they died a somewhat natural death with no injury to the brain no history of psychiatric disease no drugs on board we do a toxicology and we're very careful about the brains that we do take we're also selecting for brains in which we can get the tissue we can get consent to take the tissue within hours of time of death because what we're trying to measure the which is the readout from our genes is very and so we have to move very quickly one side note on the collection of brains because of the way that we collect and because we require consent we actually have a lot more male brains than female brains males are much more likely to die an accidental death in the prime of their life and men are much more likely to have their significant other spouse give consent than the other way around
| 1 |
591 |
we chart it we've described it we've drawn it we've mapped it now just like the physical maps of our world that have been highly influenced by technology think maps think the same thing is happening for brain mapping through transformation so let's take a look at the brain most people when they first look at a fresh human brain they say it doesn't look what you're typically looking at when someone shows you a brain typically what you're looking at is a fixed brain
| 0 |
595 |
if it's see it for a long enough time i actually do something about it and the very last one is a billboard this is our roof in new york the roof of the studio this is newsprint plus that lie on the newsprint we let that lie around in the sun as you all know newsprint yellows significantly in the sun after a week we took the and the leaves off shipped the to lisbon to a very sunny spot so on day one the billboard said complaining is silly either act or forget three days later it faded and a week later no more complaining anywhere
| 1 |
596 |
we're doing changing media this is a projection that can see the viewer as the viewer walks by you can't help but actually ripping that spider web apart
| 0 |
598 |
i'm a a filmmaker and a butcher and i'll explain how these identities come together it started four years ago when a friend and i opened our first ramadan fast at one of the busiest mosques in new york city crowds of men with beards and were swarming the streets it was an agent's wet dream
| 1 |
599 |
and as these birds walk played at film festivals and theaters internationally i finally had my feet planted at home in new york and with all the extra time and still no real money my wife tasked me to cook more for us and whenever i'd go to the local butcher to purchase some meat something felt off for those that don't know is a term used for meat that is raised and slaughtered humanely following very strict islamic guidelines unfortunately the majority of meat in america doesn't rise to the standard that my faith calls for the more i learned about these unethical practices the more violated i felt particularly because businesses from my own community were the ones taking advantage of my orthodoxy so with emotions running high and absolutely no experience in butchery some friends and i opened a meat store in the heart of the east village fashion district
| 1 |
601 |
for years i'd seen photos of this space being documented as a lifeless and cold monolith much like the stereotypical image painted of the american muslim experience frustrated by this myopic view my friend and i had this crazy idea let's break our fast at a different mosque in a different state each night of ramadan and share those stories on a we called it mosques in days and we drove to all the states and shared stories from over vastly different muslim communities ranging from the cambodian refugees in the l a projects to the black living in the woods of south carolina what emerged was a beautiful and complicated portrait of america the media coverage forced local journalists to revisit their muslim communities but what was really exciting was seeing people from around the world being inspired to take their own journey there were even these two athletes who took a sabbatical from the league to do so
| 0 |
603 |
they are a visceral response to the businesses and curators who work hard to oversimplify my beliefs and my community and the only way to beat their machine is to play by different rules we must fight with an inventive approach with the trust with the access with the love that only we can bring we must reclaim our beliefs in every moving image in every cut of meat because if we whitewash our stories for the sake of mass appeal not only will we fail but we will be trumped by those with more money and more resources to tell our stories but the call for creative courage is not for novelty or relevance it is simply because our communities are so damn unique and so damn beautiful they demand us to find uncompromising ways to be acknowledged and respected
| 0 |
604 |
hello leo leo this is cookie monster can you find cookie monster leo cookie monster is very bad he's very bad leo cookie monster is very very bad he's a scary monster he wants to get your cookies
| 1 |
605 |
so one of the things we really wanted to look at was not how much weight people lost but really how long they interacted with the robot because the challenge is not losing weight it's actually keeping it off and the longer you could interact with one of these interventions well that's indicative potentially of longer term success so the first thing i want to look at is how long how long did people interact with these systems it turns out that people interacted with the robot significantly more even though the quality of the advice was identical to the computer when it asked people to rate it on terms of the quality of the working alliance people rated the robot higher and they trusted the robot more
| 1 |
606 |
people would name the robots they would dress the robots
| 1 |
607 |
ever since i was a little girl seeing star wars for the first time i've been fascinated by this idea of personal robots and as a little girl i loved the idea of a robot that interacted with us much more like a helpful trusted sidekick something that would delight us enrich our lives and help us save a galaxy or two i knew robots like that didn't really exist but i knew i wanted to build them so years pass i am now a graduate student at mit studying artificial intelligence the year is and nasa has just landed the first robot on mars but robots are still not in our home ironically and i remember thinking about all the reasons why that was the case
| 0 |
608 |
but robots are still not in our home ironically and i remember thinking about all the reasons why that was the case but one really struck me robotics had really been about interacting with things not with people certainly not in a social way that would be natural for us and would really help people accept robots into our daily lives for me that was the white space that's what robots could not do yet and so that year i started to build this robot kismet the world's first social robot three years later a lot of programming working with other graduate students in the lab kismet was ready to start interacting with people scientist i want to show you something this is a watch that my girlfriend gave me
| 0 |
609 |
yeah look it's got a little blue light in it too i almost lost it this week so kismet interacted with people like kind of a non verbal child or pre verbal child which i assume was fitting because it was really the first of its kind it didn't speak language but it didn't matter this little robot was somehow able to tap into something deeply social within us and with that the promise of an entirely new way we could interact with robots so over the past several years i've been continuing to explore this interpersonal dimension of robots now at the media lab with my own team of incredibly talented students and one of my favorite robots is leonardo
| 0 |
615 |
by adding an element of embellishment reporters call this making shit up
| 1 |
616 |
but these studies also reveal that communication relies on a common ground and we have to be really worried as a society if we lose this common ground and our ability to speak with people that are slightly different than us because we let a few very strong media channels take control of the mic and manipulate and control the way we all think and i'm not sure how to fix it because i'm only a scientist but maybe one way to do it is to go back to the more natural way of communication which is a dialogue in which it's not only me speaking to you now but a more natural way of talking in which i am speaking and i am listening and together we are trying to come to a common ground and new ideas because after all the people we are coupled to define who we are and our desire to be coupled to another brain is something very basic that starts at a very early age so let me finish with an example from my own private life that i think is a good example of how coupling to other people is really going to define who we are this my son jonathan at a very early age see how he developed a vocal game together with my wife only from the desire and pure joy of being coupled to another human being
| 1 |
617 |
imagine that you invented a device that can record my memories my dreams my ideas and transmit them to your brain that would be a game changing technology right but in fact we already possess this device and it's called human communication system and effective storytelling to understand how this device works we have to look into our brains and we have to formulate the question in a slightly different manner now we have to ask how these patterns in my brain that are associated with my memories and ideas are transmitted into your brains
| 0 |
618 |
ok so now let's look into your brain and see what's happening when you listen to these kinds of stories and let's start simple let's start with one listener and one brain area the auditory cortex that processes the sounds that come from the ear and as you can see in this particular brain area the responses are going up and down as the story is unfolding
| 0 |
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