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4,702 |
i thought that was the start of my entrepreneur journey then fast forward another years i was nope i didn't build that company i didn't even start i was actually a marketing manager for a fortune company
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4,706 |
i think they're still there but the life and death feeling i was feeling the first time was no longer there just because i stayed engaged because i didn't run i said wow great i'm already learning things great and then day three getting olympic doughnuts this is where my life was turned upside down
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4,707 |
but i wanted to be an entrepreneur so i didn't but it has always been my dream to actually teach something so i said what if i just ask and teach a college class i lived in austin at the time so i went to university of texas at austin and knocked on professors' doors and said can i teach your class i didn't get anywhere the first couple of times but because i didn't run i kept doing it and on the third try the professor was very impressed
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4,708 |
but wow when i finished teaching that class i walked out crying because i thought i could fulfill my life dream just by simply asking i used to think i have to accomplish all these things have to be a great entrepreneur or get a to teach but no i just asked and i could teach and in that picture which you can't see i quoted martin luther king jr why because in my research i found that people who really change the world who change the way we live and the way we think are the people who were met with initial and often violent rejections people like martin luther king jr like mahatma gandhi nelson mandela or even jesus christ these people did not let rejection define them
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4,711 |
i've had the opportunity over the last couple of days of listening in on some of your conversations and watching you interact with each other and i think it's fair to say already that there are people in this audience at this moment displaying psychological symptoms i would like to discuss today
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4,713 |
but instead of pointing at you which would be gratuitous and intrusive i thought i would tell you a few facts and stories in which you may catch a glimpse of yourself i'm in the field of research known as personality psychology which is part of a larger personality science which spans the full spectrum from neurons to narratives and what we try to do in our own way is to make sense of how each of us each of you is in certain respects like all other people like some other people and like no other person now already you may be saying of yourself i'm not intriguing i am the most boring person in the western hemisphere or you may say of yourself i am intriguing even if i am regarded by most people as a great thundering
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4,714 |
all of these dimensions have implications for our well being for how our life goes and so we know that for example openness and are very good predictors of life success but the open people achieve that success through being audacious and occasionally odd the conscientious people achieve it through sticking to deadlines to as well as having some passion and are both conducive to working well with people for example i find intriguing with my classes i sometimes give them a basic fact that might be revealing with respect to their personality i tell them that it is virtually impossible for adults to lick the outside of their own elbow
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4,715 |
did you know that already some of you have tried to lick the outside of your own elbow but amongst you are probably those who have not only tried but they have successfully licked the elbow of the person sitting next to them
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4,717 |
but it is your self diagnosed and your inherent that makes me as a psychologist really fascinated by you so let me explain why this is so one of the most influential approaches in personality science is known as trait psychology and it aligns you along five dimensions which are normally distributed and that describe universally held aspects of difference between people they spell out the acronym ocean so o stands for open to experience versus those who are more closed c stands for in contrast to those with a more lackadaisical approach to life
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4,718 |
those are the let me deal in a bit more detail with because it's consequential and it's intriguing and it helps us understand what i call our three natures first our nature our second our or second nature which has to do with the cultural and social aspects of our lives and third what makes you individually you idiosyncratic what i call your nature let me explain
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4,722 |
i'm uncomfortable putting people in i don't even think pigeons belong in so what is it that makes us different it's the doings that we have in our life the personal projects you have a personal project right now but nobody may know it here it relates to your kid you've been back three times to the hospital and they still don't know what's wrong
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4,723 |
so what is it that makes us different it's the doings that we have in our life the personal projects you have a personal project right now but nobody may know it here it relates to your kid you've been back three times to the hospital and they still don't know what's wrong or it could be your mom and you'd been acting out of character these are free traits you're very agreeable but you act in order to break down those barriers of administrative torpor in the hospital to get something for your mom or your child what are these free traits they're where we enact a script in order to advance a core project in our lives and they are what matters
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4,724 |
my big brother was in school and by golly it was my time and i went down that hallway i was so excited i almost wet myself and i go to the door and there was the teacher with a warm welcome and she took me into the classroom showed me my little cubbyhole we all remember those little don't we and we put our stuff in there and then she said go over to the circle and play with the kids until class starts so i went over there and plopped down like i owned the place and i'm playing and all of a sudden the boy next to me he was wearing a white shirt with blue shorts i remember it like it was yesterday suddenly he stopped playing and he said why are you so short and i just kept playing i didn't think he was talking to me
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4,725 |
so we played and about a minute later the girl next to him in a white shirt and a pink skirt stood up put her hands on her hips and said yeah why do you look so different and i went what are you talking about i don't look different i'm not short again let's just play about this time i looked all around the circle i was in and all the kids had stopped playing and they were all looking at me and i'm thinking in today's language it would be or
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4,731 |
i was so excited i almost wet myself and i go to the door and there was the teacher with a warm welcome and she took me into the classroom showed me my little cubbyhole we all remember those little don't we and we put our stuff in there
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4,734 |
and over the next few years i hated to go out in public i felt every stare every giggle every pointed finger not the finger but every pointed finger and i hated it i would hide behind my parents' legs like nobody could see me and as a child you can't understand another child's curiosity nor an ignorance it became very apparent to me that the real world was not built for someone of my size both literally or figuratively and so i have no anonymity as you can probably tell and while you can see my size we all go through many challenges through our lifetime and some you can see like mine most you can't
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4,737 |
now i'm ready for my interview remember your first interview what am i going to wear what questions and don't forget that firm handshake i was right there with you
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4,738 |
the morning of my seventh birthday i came downstairs to the kitchen where my mother was washing the dishes and my father was reading the paper or something and i sort of presented myself to them in the doorway and they said hey happy birthday and i said i'm seven and my father smiled and said well you know what that means don't you and i said yeah that i'm going to have a party and a cake and get a lot of presents and my dad said well yes but more importantly being seven means that you've reached the age of reason and you're now capable of committing any and all sins against god and man
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4,739 |
now i had heard this phrase age of reason before sister mary kevin had been it about my second grade class at school but when she said it the phrase seemed all caught up in the excitement of preparations for our first communion and our first confession and everybody knew that was really all about the white dress and the white veil and anyway i hadn't really paid all that much attention to that phrase age of reason so i said yeah yeah age of reason what does that mean again and my dad said well we believe in the catholic church that god knows that little kids don't know the difference between right and wrong but when you're seven you're old enough to know better so you've grown up and reached the age of reason and now god will start keeping notes on you and begin your permanent record
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4,741 |
and i thought how could i not have known this before how could it not have sunk in when they'd been telling me all that being good and no real credit for it and worst of all how could i not have realized this very important information until the very day that it was basically useless to me so i said well mom and dad what about santa claus i mean santa claus knows if you're naughty or nice right and my dad said yeah but honey i think that's technically just between thanksgiving and christmas and my mother said oh bob stop it let's just tell her i mean she's seven julie there is no santa claus
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4,742 |
now this was actually not that upsetting to me my parents had this whole elaborate story about santa claus how they had talked to santa claus himself and agreed that instead of santa delivering our presents over the night of christmas eve like he did for every other family who got to open their surprises first thing christmas morning our family would give santa more time santa would come to our house while we were at nine o'clock high mass on christmas morning but only if all of us kids did not make a fuss which made me very suspicious it was pretty obvious that it was really our parents giving us the presents i mean my dad had a very distinctive wrapping style and my mother's handwriting was so close to santa's
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4,743 |
he was six well i finally found bill about a block away from our house at this public school playground it was a saturday and he was all by himself just kicking a ball against the side of a wall i ran up to him and said bill i just realized that the age of reason starts when you turn seven and then you're capable of committing any and all sins against god and man and bill said so and i said so you're six you have a whole year to do anything you want to and god won't notice it and he said so and i said so so everything and i turned to run i was so angry with him but when i got to the top of the steps i turned around dramatically and said oh by the way bill there is no santa claus
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4,744 |
plus why would santa save time by having to loop back to our house after he'd gone to everybody else's there was only one obvious conclusion to reach from this mountain of evidence our family was too strange and weird for even santa claus to come visit and my poor parents were trying to protect us from the embarrassment this humiliation of rejection by santa who was jolly but let's face it he was also very judgmental so to find out that there was no santa claus at all was actually sort of a relief i left the kitchen not really in shock about santa but rather i was just dumbfounded about how i could have missed this whole age of reason thing it was too late for me but maybe i could help someone else someone who could use the information they had to fit two criteria they had to be old enough to be able to understand the whole concept of the age of reason and not yet seven
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4,746 |
it wasn't until years later looking back on this whole age change thing that it dawned on me i wasn't turning seven when i thought i turned seven i had a whole other month to do anything i wanted to before god started keeping tabs on me oh life can be so cruel one day two mormon missionaries came to my door now i just live off a main thoroughfare in los angeles and my block is well it's a natural beginning for people who are peddling things door to door sometimes i get little old ladies from the seventh day adventist church showing me these cartoon pictures of heaven
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4,748 |
hey well we also believe that when you go to heaven you get your body restored to you in its best original state like if you'd lost a leg well you get it back or if you'd gone blind you could see i said oh now i don't have a uterus because i had cancer a few years ago
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4,749 |
so i couldn't let myself feel condescending towards these boys but the question they asked me when they first arrived really stuck in my head did i believe that god loved me with all his heart because i wasn't exactly sure how i felt about that question now if they had asked me do you feel that god loves you with all his heart well that would have been much different i think i would have instantly answered yes yes i feel it all the time i feel god's love when i'm hurt and confused and i feel consoled and cared for
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4,751 |
and for that same amount of time i've been spilling sugar on the table and just kind of playing with it with my fingers and eventually i used this technique to create a piece of artwork and then i used it again to create six pieces for book things in my life i've learned so far and these were created without sketches just freehand by putting the sugar down on a white surface and then manipulating it to get the words and designs out of it recently i've also made some rather highbrow baroque borders out of pasta and this is for a chapter that i'm doing in a book and the chapter is on honor so it's a little bit unexpected but in a way it refers to the macaroni art that children make for their parents or they make in school and give to their parents which is in itself a form of honor this is what you can do with some household okay well it's what i can do with some household
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4,752 |
so i'm using my own writings as a kind of testing ground for a book that has an between word and image as a kind of seductive force i think that one of the things that religions got right was the use of visual wonder to deliver a message i think this true marriage of art and information is woefully underused in adult literature and i'm mystified as to why visual wealth is not more commonly used to enhance intellectual wealth when we look at works like this we tend to associate them with children's literature there's an implication that ornamental graphics detract from the seriousness of the content but i really hope to have the opportunity to change that perception this book is taking rather a long time but i'm nearly done for some reason i thought it would be a good idea to put an intermission in my talk and this is it just to give you and me a moment to catch up
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4,753 |
but in i got the cockamamie idea to hand draw each valentine for everyone on my mailing list i reduced my mailing list to people and i drew each person their own unique valentine and put their name on it and numbered it and signed it and sent it out believe it or not i devised this as a method i was very busy in the beginning of that year and i didn't know when i was going to find time to design and print a single valentine and i thought that i could kind of do this piecemeal as i was traveling it didn't exactly work out that way there's a longer story to this but i did get them all done in time and they were extremely well received i got an almost percent response rate
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4,754 |
and i specifically wrote four pages that don't connect there were four different versions of this and i wrote them so that they begin in the middle of a sentence end in the middle of a sentence and they're on the one hand universal so i avoid specific names or places but on the other hand they're personal so i wanted people to really get the sense that they had received something that could have been a love letter to them and i'm just going to read one of them to you you've never really been sure of this but i can assure you that this quirk you're so self conscious of is intensely endearing just please accept that this piece of you escapes with your smile and those of us who notice are happy to catch it in passing time spent with you is like chasing and catching small birds but without the scratches and bird shit
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4,755 |
there's no passing time with you only collecting the collecting of moments with the hope for preservation and at the same time release impossible i don't think so i know this makes you embarrassed i'm certain i can see you blushing but i just have to tell you because sometimes i hear your self doubt and it's so crushing to think that you may not know how truly wonderful you are how inspiring and delightful and really truly the most completely
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4,757 |
but something weird happened i became popular my current work seems to resonate with people in a way that has so taken me by surprise that i still frequently wonder what in the hell is going on and i'm slowly coming to understand that the appeal of what i do may be connected to why i do it these days i call myself a graphic artist so where my work as a graphic designer was to follow strategy my work now follows my heart and my interests with the guidance of my ego to create work that is mutually beneficial to myself and a client now this is heresy in the design world the ego is not supposed to be involved in graphic design but i find that for myself without exception the more i deal with the work as something of my own as something that is personal the more successful it is as something that's compelling interesting and sustaining
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4,758 |
these days i call myself a graphic artist so where my work as a graphic designer was to follow strategy my work now follows my heart and my interests with the guidance of my ego to create work that is mutually beneficial to myself and a client now this is heresy in the design world the ego is not supposed to be involved in graphic design but i find that for myself without exception the more i deal with the work as something of my own as something that is personal the more successful it is as something that's compelling interesting and sustaining so i exist somewhat outside of the mainstream of design thinking where others might look at measurable results i tend to be interested in more ethereal qualities like does it bring joy is there a sense of wonder and does it invoke curiosity this is a scientific diagram by the way i don't have time to explain it but it has to do with and so i have a particular imaginative approach to visual work
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4,759 |
so i have a particular imaginative approach to visual work the things that interest me when i'm working are visual structure surprise and anything that requires figuring things out so for this reason i'm particularly drawn to systems and patterns i'm going to give you a couple of examples of how my brain works this is a piece that i did for the guardian newspaper in the u k they have a magazine that they call and this is for their puzzle special in and puzzling it is
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4,760 |
and this is for their puzzle special in and puzzling it is i started by creating a series of units and these units i designed specifically so that they would contain parts of within their shapes so that i could then join those pieces together to create letters and then words within the abstract but then as well i was able to just flip them rotate them and combine them in different ways to create either regular patterns or abstract patterns so here's the word puzzle again and here it is with the abstract surrounding and as you can see it's extremely difficult to read but all i have to do is fill certain areas of those and i can bring those words out of the background pattern
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4,761 |
and as you can see it's extremely difficult to read but all i have to do is fill certain areas of those and i can bring those words out of the background pattern but maybe that's a little too obvious so then i can add some color in with the background and add a bit more color in with the words themselves and this way working with the art director i'm able to bring it to just the right point that it's puzzling for the audience they can figure out that there's something they have to read but it's not impossible for them to read i'm also interested in working with unusual materials and common materials in unusual ways so this requires figuring out how to get the most out of something's innate properties and also how to bend it to my will so ultimately my goal is to create something unexpected to this end i have worked in sugar for stefan three time ted speaker and this project began essentially on my kitchen table
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4,762 |
before i close though let me tell you about my grandmother she grew up at a time when confucianism was the social norm and the local mandarin was the person who mattered life hadn't changed for centuries her father died soon after she was born her mother raised her alone at she became the second wife of a mandarin whose mother beat her with no support from her husband she caused a sensation by taking him to court and prosecuting her own case and a far greater sensation when she won
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4,763 |
in minutes about the bonds of women over three generations about how the astonishing strength of those bonds took hold in the life of a four girl huddled with her young sister her mother and her grandmother for five days and nights in a small boat in the china sea more than years ago bonds that took hold in the life of that small girl and never let go that small girl now living in san francisco and speaking to you today this is not a finished story it is a jigsaw puzzle still being put together let me tell you about some of the pieces imagine the first piece a man burning his life's work
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4,788 |
what you have here is an electronic cigarette it's something that since it was invented a year or two ago has given me untold happiness
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4,790 |
and the reason i only worked out just the other day which is when you go to a drinks party and you stand up and hold a glass of red wine and you talk endlessly to people you don't actually want to spend all the time talking it's really really tiring sometimes you just want to stand there silently alone with your thoughts sometimes you just want to stand in the corner and stare out of the window now the problem is when you can't smoke if you stand and stare out of the window on your own you're an antisocial idiot
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4,792 |
what we have is exactly the same thing the same activity but one of them makes you feel great and the other one with just a small change of posture makes you feel terrible and i think one of the problems with classical economics is it's absolutely preoccupied with reality and reality isn't a particularly good guide to human happiness why for example are pensioners much happier than the young unemployed both of them after all are in exactly the same stage of life you both have too much time on your hands and not much money but pensioners are reportedly very very happy whereas the unemployed are extraordinarily unhappy and depressed the reason i think is that the pensioners believe they've chosen to be pensioners whereas the young unemployed feel it's been thrust upon them in england the upper middle classes have actually solved this problem perfectly because they've re branded unemployment if you're an upper middle-class english person you call unemployment a year off
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4,793 |
and that's because having a son who's unemployed in manchester is really quite embarrassing but having a son who's unemployed in thailand is really viewed as quite an accomplishment
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4,794 |
the circumstances of our lives may actually matter less to our happiness than the sense of control we feel over our lives it's an interesting question we ask the question the whole debate in the western world is about the level of taxation but i think there's another debate to be asked which is the level of control we have over our tax money that what costs us pounds in one context can be a curse what costs us pounds in a different context we may actually welcome you know pay pounds in tax toward health and you're merely feeling a mug pay pounds to endow a hospital ward and you're called a philanthropist i'm probably in the wrong country to talk about willingness to pay tax
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4,796 |
we didn't have a framework this is what warren buffett's business partner charlie munger calls a latticework on which to hang your ideas engineers economists classical economists all had a very very robust existing latticework on which practically every idea could be hung we merely have a collection of random individual insights without an overall model and what that means is that in looking at solutions we've probably given too much priority to what i call technical engineering solutions newtonian solutions and not nearly enough to the psychological ones you know my example of the eurostar six million pounds spent to reduce the journey time between paris and london by about minutes for percent of this money you could have put fi on the trains which wouldn't have reduced the duration of the journey but would have improved its enjoyment and its usefulness far more for maybe percent of the money you could have paid all of the world's top male and female supermodels to walk up and down the train handing out free to all the passengers
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4,801 |
given the chance to solve that problem psychologically i think it's because there's an imbalance an asymmetry in the way we treat creative emotionally driven psychological ideas versus the way we treat rational numerical spreadsheet driven ideas if you're a creative person i think quite rightly you have to share all your ideas for approval with people much more rational than you you have to go in and have a cost benefit analysis a feasibility study an roi study and so forth and i think that's probably right but this does not apply the other way around
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4,803 |
look at a great business you'll nearly always see all of these three things coming into play really successful businesses is a great great technological success but it's also based on a very good psychological insight people believe something that only does one thing is better at that thing than something that does that thing and something else it's an innate thing called goal dilution fishbach has written a paper about this everybody else at the time of more or less was trying to be a portal yes there's a search function but you also have weather sports scores bits of news understood that if you're just a search engine people assume you're a very very good search engine all of you know this actually from when you go in to buy a television and in the end of the row of flat screen you can see are these rather despised things called combined tv and players
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4,804 |
understood that if you're just a search engine people assume you're a very very good search engine all of you know this actually from when you go in to buy a television and in the end of the row of flat screen you can see are these rather despised things called combined tv and players and we have no knowledge whatsoever of the quality of those things but we look at a combined tv and player and we go it's probably a bit of a crap telly and a bit rubbish as a player so we walk out of the shops with one of each is as much a psychological success as it is a technological one i propose that we can use psychology to solve problems that we didn't even realize were problems at all this is my suggestion for getting people to finish their course of antibiotics don't give them white pills give them white pills and six blue ones and tell them to take the white pills first and then take the blue ones
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4,806 |
so where economists make the fundamental mistake is they think that money is money actually my pain experienced in paying five pounds is not just proportionate to the amount but where i think that money is going and i think understanding that could revolutionize tax policy it could revolutionize the public services it could actually change things quite significantly ludwig von mises is my hero here's a guy you all need to study he's an austrian school economist who was first active in the first half of the century in vienna what was interesting about the austrian school is they actually grew up alongside freud
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4,807 |
he's an austrian school economist who was first active in the first half of the century in vienna what was interesting about the austrian school is they actually grew up alongside freud and so they're predominantly interested in psychology they believed that there was a discipline called which is a prior discipline to the study of economics is the study of human choice action and decision making i think they're right i think the danger we have in today's world is we have the study of economics considers itself to be a prior discipline to the study of human psychology but as charlie munger says if economics isn't behavioral i don't know what the hell is von mises interestingly believes economics is just a subset of psychology
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4,844 |
so there's another thing that comes up with basics people confuse in my view the order of the invention of the tools with the order in which they should use them for teaching so just because paper was invented before computers it doesn't necessarily mean you get more to the basics of the subject by using paper instead of a computer to teach mathematics my daughter gave me a rather nice anecdote on this she enjoys making what she calls paper laptops
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4,846 |
we have got to make sure that we can move our economies forward and also our societies based on the idea that people can really feel mathematics this isn't some optional extra and the country that does this first will in my view leapfrog others in achieving a new economy even an improved economy an improved outlook in fact i even talk about us moving from what we often call now the knowledge economy to what we might call a computational knowledge economy where high level math is integral to what everyone does in the way that knowledge currently is we can engage so many more students with this and they can have a better time doing it and let's understand this is not an incremental sort of change we're trying to cross the chasm here between school math and the real world math and you know if you walk across a chasm you end up making it worse than if you didn't start at all bigger disaster no what i'm suggesting is that we should leap off we should increase our velocity so it's high and we should leap off one side and go the other of course having calculated our differential equation very carefully
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4,848 |
those trying to employ them think they don't know enough governments realize that it's a big deal for our economies but don't know how to fix it and teachers are also frustrated yet math is more important to the world than at any point in human history so at one end we've got falling interest in education in math and at the other end we've got a more mathematical world a more quantitative world than we ever have had so what's the problem why has this chasm opened up and what can we do to fix it well actually i think the answer is staring us right in the face use computers i believe that correctly using computers is the silver bullet for making math education work so to explain that let me first talk a bit about what math looks like in the real world and what it looks like in education see in the real world math isn't necessarily done by mathematicians
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4,849 |
i believe that correctly using computers is the silver bullet for making math education work so to explain that let me first talk a bit about what math looks like in the real world and what it looks like in education see in the real world math isn't necessarily done by mathematicians it's done by geologists engineers biologists all sorts of different people modeling and simulation it's actually very popular but in education it looks very different down problems lots of calculating mostly by hand lots of things that seem simple and not difficult like in the real world except if you're learning it and another thing about math math sometimes looks like math like in this example here and sometimes it doesn't like am i drunk and then you get an answer that's quantitative in the modern world you wouldn't have expected that a few years back
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4,850 |
the water is minus degrees centigrade or degrees fahrenheit it's flipping freezing in that water and then a thought came across my mind if things go pear shaped on this swim how long will it take for my frozen body to sink the four and a half kilometers to the bottom of the ocean and then i said to myself i've just got to get this thought out of my mind as quickly as possible and the only way i can dive into that freezing cold water and swim a kilometer is by listening to my and really revving myself up listening to everything from beautiful opera all the way across to puff daddy and then committing myself a hundred percent there is nothing more powerful than the made up mind and then walking up to the edge of the ice and just diving into the water and that swim took me minutes and seconds and it felt like days and i remember getting out of the water and my hands feeling so painful and looking down at my fingers and my fingers were literally the size of sausages because you know we're made partially of water when water freezes it expands and so the cells in my fingers had frozen and expanded and burst and the most immediate thought when i came out of that water was the following i'm never ever going to do another cold water swim in my life again anyway last year i heard about the himalayas and the melting of the and the melting of the glaciers because of climate change
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4,851 |
and it all happened so quickly i then i don't know how it happened but i went underwater and luckily the water was quite shallow and i was able to push myself off the bottom of the lake and get up and then take another gasp of air and then i said carry on carry on carry on i carried on for another five or six strokes and then i had nothing in my body and i went down to the bottom of the lake and i don't where i got it from but i was able to somehow pull myself up and as quickly as possible get to the side of the lake i've heard it said that drowning is the most peaceful death that you can have i have never ever heard such utter
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4,852 |
pole and while that swim took place three years ago i can remember it as if it was yesterday i remember standing on the edge of the ice about to dive into the water and thinking to myself i have never ever seen any place on this earth which is just so frightening the water is completely black the water is minus degrees centigrade or degrees fahrenheit it's flipping freezing in that water
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4,853 |
i heard about this lake lake this lake has been formed in the last couple of years because of the melting of the glacier the glacier's gone all the way up the mountain and left in its place this big lake and i firmly believe that what we're seeing in the himalayas is the next great big battleground on this earth nearly two billion people so one in three people on this earth rely on the water from the himalayas and with a population increasing as quickly as it is and with the water supply from these glaciers because of climate change decreasing so much i think we have a real risk of instability
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4,854 |
go on what do you feel soft squishy it's you right you're feeling you well it's not quite true you're actually feeling thousands of microscopic creatures that live on our face and fingers you're feeling some of the fungi that drifted down from the air ducts today they set off our allergies and smell of mildew you're feeling some of the billion bacterial cells that live on our skin they've been munching away at your skin oils and replicating producing the smells of body odor you're likely even touching the fecal bacteria that sprayed onto you the last time you flushed a toilet or those bacteria that live in our water pipes and sprayed onto you with your last shower sorry
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4,855 |
you're probably even giving a microscopic high five to the two species of mites that live on our faces on all of our faces they've spent the night squirming across your face and having sex on the bridge of your nose
| 1 |
4,857 |
remember the first time i discovered and got to name a new species it was a fungus that lives in the nest of a paper wasp it's white and fluffy and i named it meaning in latin that it lives in the nest of another this is a picture of it growing on a dinosaur because everyone thinks dinosaurs are cool at the time i was in graduate school and i was so excited that i had found this new life form i called up my dad and i go dad i just discovered a new microorganism species and he laughed and he goes that's great i hope you also discovered a cure for it
| 1 |
4,859 |
now look at your finger how's it feel gross in desperate need of soap or bleach that's how you feel now but it's not going to be how you feel in the future for the last years we've had an adversarial relationship with the microscopic life nearest us
| 0 |
4,860 |
for the last years we've had an adversarial relationship with the microscopic life nearest us if i told you there was a bug in your house or bacteria in your sink there was a human devised solution for that a product to eradicate exterminate disinfect we strive to remove most of the microscopic life in our world now but in doing so we're ignoring the best source of new technology on this planet the last years have featured human solutions to microbial problems but the next years will feature microbial solutions to human problems i'm a scientist and i work with researchers at north carolina state university and the university of colorado to uncover the microscopic life that is nearest us and that's often in our most intimate and boring environments be it under our couches in our backyards or in our belly buttons i do this work because it turns out that we know very little about the microscopic life that's nearest us as of a few years ago no scientist could tell you what bugs or microorganisms live in your home your home the place you know better than anywhere else
| 0 |
4,862 |
now what he did didn't used to have a name but i think it's rapidly becoming quite mainstream it's what we do in the organization named after him where we try and invent create launch new ventures whether it's schools web companies health organizations and so on and we find ourselves part of a very rapidly growing global movement of institutions working on social innovation using ideas from design or technology or community organizing to develop the germs of a future world but through practice and through demonstration and not through theory and they're spreading from korea to brazil to india to the usa and across europe and they've been given new momentum by the crisis by the need for better answers to joblessness community breakdown and so on some of the ideas are strange these are complaints choirs people come together to sing about the things that really bug them
| 1 |
4,863 |
a massive cardiac arrest the effect the payback perhaps for years of vampire predators like bernie madoff whom we saw earlier abuse of steroids binging and so on and it's only a few months since governments injected enormous sums of money to try and keep the whole system afloat and we're now in a very strange sort of twilight zone where no one quite knows what's worked or what doesn't
| 0 |
4,864 |
wood and nails and rope and wheels and lots of tools real tools it's a six day experience for the kids and within that context we can offer the kids time something that seems in short supply in their over scheduled lives our goal is to ensure that they leave with a better sense of how to make things than when they arrived and the deep internal realization that you can figure things out by fooling around nothing ever turns out as planned ever
| 1 |
4,912 |
used all over the internet and since they're used so often a lot of times the sequence of random characters shown to the user is not so fortunate so this is an example from the yahoo registration page the random characters that happened to be shown to the user were w a i t which of course spell a word but the best part is the message that the yahoo help desk got about minutes later help i've been waiting for over minutes and nothing happens
| 1 |
4,914 |
let me tell you what this project started this project started from the following realization it turns out that approximately million are typed everyday by people around the world when i first heard this i was quite proud of myself i thought look at the impact my research has had but then i started feeling bad here's the thing each time you type a essentially you waste seconds of your time and if you multiply that by million you get that humanity is wasting about hours every day typing these annoying
| 1 |
4,917 |
now of course since we're doing so many words per day funny things can happen this is especially true because now we're giving people two randomly chosen english words next to each other so funny things can happen for example we presented this word it's the word christians there's nothing wrong with it but if you present it along with another randomly chosen word bad things can happen so we get this bad christians but it's even worse because the website where we showed this actually happened to be called the embassy of the kingdom of god
| 1 |
4,920 |
here's the thing since we're presenting two randomly chosen words interesting things can happen so this actually has given rise to a really big internet that tens of thousands of people have participated in which is called art i'm sure some of you have heard about it here's how it works imagine you're using the internet and you see a that you think is somewhat peculiar like this invisible toaster what you're supposed to do is you take a of it then of course you fill out the because you help us digitize a book but first you take a and then you draw something that is related to it
| 1 |
4,927 |
yeah i can trust you'll do that so this is the project here's how it started it started with me posing a question to my graduate student severin hacker ok that's severin hacker so i posed the question to my graduate student by the way you did hear me correctly his last name is hacker
| 1 |
4,928 |
actually it was a forum post it was somebody who was trying to ask a question about it was translated from japanese into english so i'll just let you read this person starts apologizing for the fact that it's translated with a computer so the next sentence is going to be the preamble to the question so he's just explaining something remember it's a question about at often the goat time install a error is vomit
| 1 |
4,934 |
the reason we have two words nowadays instead of one is because one of the words is a word that the system just got out of a book it didn't know what it was and it's going to present it to you but since it doesn't know the answer it cannot grade it so we give you another word for which the system does know the answer we don't tell you which one's which and we say please type both and if you type the correct word for the one for which the system knows the answer it assumes you are human and it also gets some confidence that you typed the other word correctly and if we repeat this process to different people and they agree on what the new word is then we get one more word digitized accurately so this is how the system works and since we released it about three or four years ago a lot of have started switching from the old where people wasted their time to the new where people are helping to digitize books so every time you buy tickets on ticketmaster you help to digitize a book
| 0 |
4,935 |
so this is how the system works and since we released it about three or four years ago a lot of have started switching from the old where people wasted their time to the new where people are helping to digitize books so every time you buy tickets on ticketmaster you help to digitize a book every time you add a friend or poke somebody you help to digitize a book and about other sites are all using and the number of sites that are using is so high that the number of words we're digitizing per day is really large it's about million a day which is the equivalent of about two and a half million books a year and this is all being done one word at a time by just people typing on the internet now of course since we're doing so many words per day funny things can happen
| 0 |
4,941 |
so we need people to translate the whole web so now the next question you may have is well why can't we just pay people to do this we could pay professional translators to translate the whole web we could do that unfortunately it would be extremely expensive for example translating a tiny fraction of the whole web into one other language spanish ok exists in spanish but it's very small compared to the size of english it's about percent of the size of english if we wanted to translate the other percent into spanish it would cost at least million dollars and this is even at the most exploited outsourcing country out there so it would be very expensive
| 0 |
4,944 |
so it turns out that today there are over billion people learning a foreign language people really want to learn a foreign language and it's not just because they're being forced to do so in school in the us alone there are over five million people who have paid over for software to learn a new language so people really want to learn a new language so what we've been working on for the last year and a half is a new website it's called where the basic idea is people learn a new language for free while simultaneously translating the web and so basically they're learning by doing so the way this works is whenever you're a just a beginner we give you very simple sentences
| 0 |
4,949 |
this is totally biased towards the rich now see in because while you learn you're actually creating value you're translating stuff which for example we could charge somebody for translations so this is how we could this since people are creating value while they're learning they don't have to pay with their money they pay with their time but the magical thing here is that is time that would have had to have been spent anyways learning the language so the nice thing about is i think it provides a fair business model one that doesn't discriminate against poor people so here's the site thank you we haven't yet launched but if you go there you can sign up to be part of our private beta which is probably going to start in three or four weeks we haven't yet launched it
| 0 |
4,950 |
there are more chinese restaurants in this country than mcdonald's burger king kentucky fried chicken and wendy's combined actually chinese restaurants have played an important role in american history as a matter of fact the cuban missile crisis was resolved in a chinese restaurant called yenching palace in washington which unfortunately is closed now and about to be turned into and the house where john wilkes booth planned the assassination of abraham lincoln is also now a chinese restaurant called wok and roll on h street in washington
| 1 |
4,954 |
are they from the short answer is actually they're from japan and in kyoto outside there are still small family run bakeries that make fortune cookies as they did over years ago years before fortune cookies were introduced in the united states if you see them side by side there's yellow and brown theirs are actually flavored with and sesame paste so they're not as sweet as our version so how did they get to the us well the short answer is the japanese immigrants came over and a bunch of the bakers introduced them including at least one in los angeles and one here in san francisco called which is on the corner of sutter and buchanan back then they made fortune cookies using very much the similar kind of irons that we saw back in kyoto the interesting question is how do you go from fortune cookies being something that is japanese to being something that is chinese well we locked up all the japanese during world war including those that made fortune cookies so that's when the chinese moved in saw a market opportunity and took over
| 1 |
4,955 |
the chinese but ultimately consumed by americans they're more american than anything else another of my favorite dishes general chicken which by the way in the us naval academy is called admiral chicken
| 1 |
4,956 |
i love this dish the original name of my book was the long march of general tso and he has marched very far indeed because he is sweet he is fried and he is chicken all things that americans love
| 1 |
4,958 |
i guarantee you general tso never saw a stalk of broccoli in his life that was a picture of general tso i went to his home town this is a billboard that says welcome to the birthplace of general tso and i went looking for chicken finally found a cow and did find chicken believe it or not these guys were actually crossing the road
| 1 |
4,959 |
the granddaddy of all the chinese american dishes we probably ought to talk about is chop suey which was introduced around the turn of the century according to the new york times in there was an outbreak of chinese restaurants all over town and the city has gone mad so it took about years before the americans realized that chop suey is actually not known in china and as this article points out the average native of any city in china knows nothing of chop suey back then it was a way to show you were sophisticated and cosmopolitan a guy who wanted to impress a girl could take her on a chop suey date i like to say chop suey is the biggest culinary joke one culture ever played on another because chop suey translated into chinese means which translated back means odds and ends so these people are going around china asking for chop suey which is sort of like a japanese guy coming here and saying i understand you have a very popular dish in your country called
| 1 |
4,960 |
are they from the short answer is actually they're from japan and in kyoto outside there are still small family run bakeries that make fortune cookies as they did over years ago years before fortune cookies were introduced in the united states if you see them side by side there's yellow and brown
| 0 |
4,962 |
and i found a whole bunch of general relatives who are still in the town this guy is now five generations removed from the general this guy is about seven i showed them the pictures of general tso chicken and they were like we don't know this dish is this chinese food because it doesn't look like chinese food to them but they weren't surprised i traveled around the world to visit them because in their eyes he is after all a famous qing dynasty military hero
| 0 |
4,963 |
suey come from let's go back to the when the chinese first came to america back then americans were not clamoring to eat chinese food in fact they saw these people who landed at their shores as alien these people weren't eating dogs they were eating cats if they weren't eating cats they were eating rats
| 0 |
4,964 |
in fact they saw these people who landed at their shores as alien these people weren't eating dogs they were eating cats if they weren't eating cats they were eating rats in fact the new york times my esteemed employer in ran an article that asked do chinese eat rats not the most question to be asked today but if you look at the popular imagery of the time not so outlandish this is actually a real advertisement for rat poison from the late and if you see under the word clears very small it says they must go which refers not only to the rats but to the chinese in their midst because the way that the food was perceived was that these people who ate foods different from us must be different from us another way that you saw this antipathy towards the chinese is through documents like this this is in the library of congress it's a pamphlet published by samuel hero of our american labor movement
| 0 |
4,966 |
came up with the idea of chop suey there's a lot of different mysteries and legends but of the ones i've found the most interesting is this article from a chinese guy named lem sen shows up in chinatown new york city and says i want you all to stop making chop suey because i am the original creator and sole proprietor of chop suey and the way he tells it there was a famous chinese diplomat that showed up and he was told to make a dish that looked very popular and could quote pass as chinese and as he said we would never print this today but basically the american man has become very rich lem sen i would've made this money too but i spent all this time looking for the american man who stole my recipe now i've found him and i want my recipe back and i want everyone to stop making chop suey or pay me for the right to do the same so it was an early exercise of intellectual property rights the thing is this idea of chinese american food doesn't exist only in america
| 0 |
4,967 |
so let's take a step back and understand what is to be appreciated in america mcdonald's has garnered a lot of attention a lot of respect for basically standardizing the menu decor and dining experience in post world war america but you know what they did so through a centralized headquarters out of illinois chinese restaurants have done largely the same thing i would argue with the menu and the decor even the restaurant name but without a centralized headquarters so this actually became very clear to me with the march powerball drawing where they expected based on the number of ticket sales they had to have three or four second place winners people who match five or six powerball numbers
| 0 |
4,968 |
so i went and started looking i went across the country looking for these restaurants where these people had gotten their fortune cookies from there are a bunch of them including lee's china in omaha which is actually run by koreans but that's another point and a bunch of them named china buffet what's interesting is that their stories were similar but different it was lunch it was take out it was sit down it was buffet it was three weeks ago it was three months ago
| 0 |
4,972 |
on my first day i went to a restaurant and i ordered a cup of green tea with sugar after a pause the waiter said one does not put sugar in green tea i know i said i'm aware of this custom but i really like my tea sweet in response he gave me an even more courteous version of the same explanation one does not put sugar in green tea i understand i said that the japanese do not put sugar in their green tea but i'd like to put some sugar in my green tea
| 1 |
4,973 |
pretty soon a lengthy discussion ensued and finally the manager came over to me and said i am very sorry we do not have sugar
| 1 |
4,974 |
resting on the saucer were two packets of sugar my failure to procure myself a cup of sweet green tea was not due to a simple misunderstanding this was due to a fundamental difference in our ideas about choice from my american perspective when a paying customer makes a reasonable request based on her preferences she has every right to have that request met the american way to quote burger king is to have it your way because as starbucks says happiness is in your choices
| 1 |
4,975 |
in america the primary locus of choice is the individual people must choose for themselves sometimes sticking to their guns regardless of what other people want or recommend it's called being true to yourself but do all individuals benefit from taking such an approach to choice mark lepper and i did a series of studies in which we sought the answer to this very question in one study which we ran in san francisco we brought to nine and asian american children into the laboratory and we divided them up into three groups the first group came in and they were greeted by miss smith who showed them six big piles of anagram puzzles the kids got to choose which pile of they would like to do and they even got to choose which marker they would write their answers with when the second group of children came in they were brought to the same room shown the same but this time miss smith told them which to do and which markers to write their answers with now when the third group came in they were told that their and their markers had been chosen by their mothers
| 1 |
4,977 |
the very first session which was run in russia one of the participants made a comment that really caught me off guard oh but it doesn't matter it's all just soda that's just one choice i was so struck by this comment that from then on i started to offer all the participants those seven sodas and i asked them how many choices are these again and again they perceived these seven different sodas not as seven choices but as one choice soda or no soda when i put out juice and water in addition to these seven sodas now they perceived it as only three choices juice water and soda compare this to the die hard devotion of many americans not just to a particular flavor of soda but to a particular brand you know research shows repeatedly that we can't actually tell the difference between coke and pepsi of course you and i know that coke is the better choice
| 1 |
4,979 |
it's funny that you should ask that because one of the things that's interesting about being blind is you actually get a different vantage point when you observe the way sighted people make choices and as you just mentioned there's lots of choices out there that are very visual these days yeah i as you would expect get pretty frustrated by choices like what nail polish to put on because i have to rely on what other people suggest and i can't decide and so one time i was in a beauty salon and i was trying to decide between two very light shades of pink and one was called ballet slippers and the other one was called adorable
| 1 |
4,980 |
well what does it look like well it's a very elegant shade of pink okay great the other lady tells me to wear adorable what does it look like it's a glamorous shade of pink and so i asked them well how do i tell them apart what's different about them and they said well one is elegant the other one's glamorous okay we got that and the only thing they had consensus on well if i could see them i would clearly be able to tell them apart
| 1 |
4,981 |
and what i wondered was whether they were being affected by the name or the content of the color so i decided to do a little experiment so i brought these two bottles of nail polish into the laboratory and i stripped the labels off and i brought women into the laboratory and i asked them which one would you pick percent of the women accused me of playing a trick of putting the same color nail polish in both those bottles
| 1 |
4,985 |
in contrast asian american children performed best when they believed their mothers had made the choice second best when they chose for themselves and least well when it had been chosen by miss smith a girl named even approached miss smith as she was leaving the room and tugged on her skirt and asked could you please tell my mommy i did it just like she said the first generation children were strongly influenced by their immigrant parents' approach to choice for them choice was not just a way of defining and asserting their individuality but a way to create community and harmony by deferring to the choices of people whom they trusted and respected if they had a concept of being true to one's self then that self most likely was composed not of an individual but of a collective success was just as much about pleasing key figures as it was about satisfying one's own preferences
| 0 |
4,988 |
you will surely find the perfect match let's test this assumption by heading over to eastern europe here i interviewed people who were residents of formerly communist countries who had all faced the challenge of transitioning to a more democratic and capitalistic society one of the most interesting revelations came not from an answer to a question but from a simple gesture of hospitality when the participants arrived for their interview i offered them a set of drinks coke diet coke sprite seven to be exact during the very first session which was run in russia one of the participants made a comment that really caught me off guard oh but it doesn't matter it's all just soda that's just one choice
| 0 |
4,990 |
they were flooded with choice before they could protest that they didn't know how to swim when asked what words and images do you associate with choice from warsaw said ah for me it is fear there are some dilemmas you see i am used to no choice from kiev said in response to how he felt about the new consumer marketplace it is too much we do not need everything that is there a sociologist from the warsaw survey agency explained the older generation jumped from nothing to choice all around them they were never given a chance to learn how to react and a young polish man said i don't need twenty kinds of chewing gum
| 0 |
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