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first-born. Passover involves a ritual meal called a Seder during which parts of the exodus
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narrative are retold. In the Hagaddah of the Seder it is written that every generation is obliged
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to remind and identify itself in terms of the Exodus. Thus the following words from the Pesaḥim
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(10:5) are recited:”In every generation a person is duty-bound to regard himself as if he
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personally has gone forth from Egypt”.
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Because the Israelites fled Egypt in haste without time for bread to rise, the unleavened bread
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matzoh is eaten on Passover, and homes must be cleansed of any items containing leavening agents,
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known as Chametz.
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Shavuot celebrates the granting of the Law to Moses on Mount Sinai; Jews are called to rededicate
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themselves to the covenant on this day. Some denominations follow Shavuot with The Three Weeks,
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during which the "two most heinous sins committed by the Jews in their relationship to God" are
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mourned: the Golden Calf and the doubting of God's promise by the Twelve Spies. A third Jewish
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festival, Sukkot, the Festival of Booths, is associated with the Israelites living in booths after
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they left their previous homes in Egypt. It celebrates how God provided for the Israelites while
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they wandered in the desert without food or shelter. It is celebrated by building a sukkah, a
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temporary shelter also called a booth or tabernacle, in which the rituals of Sukkot are performed,
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recalling the impermanence of the Israelites' homes during the desert wanderings.
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Non-Jewish significance
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The Christian ritual of the eucharist and the holiday of Easter draw directly on the imagery of the
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Passover and the Exodus. In the New Testament, Jesus is frequently associated with motifs of the
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Exodus. The Gospel of Mark has been suggested to be a midrash on the Exodus, though scholar Larry
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Perkins thinks this unlikely. Mark suggests that the outpouring of Jesus' blood creates a new
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covenant (Mark 14:24) in the same way that Moses' sacrifice of bulls had created a covenant (Exodus
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24:5). In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus reverses the direction of the Exodus by escaping from the
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Massacre of the Innocents committed by Herod the Great before himself returning from Egypt (Matt
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2:13-15). Other parallels in Matthew include that he is baptized by water (Matt 3:13-17), and
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tested in the desert; unlike the Israelites, he is able to resist temptation (Matt. 4.1-3). The
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Gospel of John repeatedly calls Jesus the Passover lamb (John 1:29, 13:1, 19:36), something also
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found in 1 Peter (1 Pet 1:18-20), and 1 Corinthians (1 Cor 5:7-8). Michael Graves calls Paul's
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discussion of the exodus in 1 Corinthians 5:7-8 and his comparison of the early church in Corinth
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to the Israelites in the desert "[t]he two most significant NT passages touching on the exodus."
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John also refers to Jesus as manna (John 6:31-5), water flowing from a rock in the desert (John
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7:37-9) and as a pillar of fire (John 8:12). Early Christians frequently interpreted actions taken
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in the Exodus, and sometimes the Exodus as a whole, typologically to prefigure Jesus or actions of
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Jesus.
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In Romans 9:17, Paul interprets the hardened heart of Pharaoh during the Plagues of Egypt as
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referring to the hardened hearts of the Jews who rejected Christ. Early Christian authors such as
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Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, and Augustine all emphasized the supersession of the Old Covenant of Moses
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by the New Covenant of Christ, which was open to all people rather than limited to the Jews.
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A number of historical events and situations have been compared to the Exodus. Many early American
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settlers interpreted their flight from Europe to a new life in America as a new exodus. American
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"founding fathers" Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin recommended for the Great Seal of the
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United States to depict Moses leading the Israelites across the Red Sea. African Americans
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suffering under slavery and racial oppression interpreted their situation in terms of the Exodus,
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making it a catalyst for social change. South American Liberation theology also takes much
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inspiration from the Exodus.
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See also
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Book of Joshua, the continuation of the narrative in the conquest of Canaan Ipuwer Papyrus
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List of films related to the Exodus Moses in Islam Stations of the Exodus
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Va'eira, Bo (parsha), and Beshalach: Torah portions (parashot) telling the Exodus story
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The Exodus Decoded
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Notes References Citations Bibliography External links
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Old maps showing the route of the Exodus, The National Library of Israel, Eran Laor Cartographic
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Collection
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Egypt in the Hebrew Bible Book of Exodus Jewish mythology Moses Origin myths Passover
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Sacred history
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This is a list of fictional characters from the Dark Sun campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons
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fantasy role-playing game. Most of these characters have appeared in the multiple Dark Sun source
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books or novels. Many have some magical abilities.
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A
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Agis of Asticles: a psionicist senator/nobleman from the city state of Tyr who plays a major role
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in the Prism Pentad novels by Troy Denning, the freeing of Tyr, and the pursuit of Tithian.
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Andropinis: 8th Champion of Rajaat, "Slayer of Elves"; Male; Sorcerer-king of Balic; Cleansing
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unsuccessful. Formerly known as Albeorn of Dunswich, in the 2nd and 3rd editions, Andropinis was
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banished to the Black by Rajaat.
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In 4th edition, Andropinis is still ruling his city-state of Balic.
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Abalach-Re: 5th Champion of Rajaat, "Orc Plague"; Female; Sorcerer-queen of Raam; Exterminated the
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orc race in 889 years. Formerly Uyness of Waverly, In the 2nd edition, Abalach-Re was killed by
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Sadira of Tyr with the broken tip of the sword Scourge.
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In 4th edition Abalach-Re is described as a vain and neglectful ruler more interested in her own
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pleasure than in the well being of the citizens of her city-state. She is otherwise unchanged and
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is still ruling her city-state at the start of the campaign setting.
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Atzetuk : the "adopted" son of the former sorcerer-king of Draj, Tectuktitlay.
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B
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Borys of Ebe: 13th Champion of Rajaat, "Butcher of Dwarves", Dragon of Tyr; Male; former
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Sorcerer-king of Ur Draxa (now deceased); Cleansing unsuccessful. In the 2nd edition Borys led the
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Champions in revolt against Rajaat and was later tasked with keeping him imprisoned for eternity.
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In return for this burden he was transformed into a dragon. The 3rd edition elaborates that Borys'
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transformation drove him temporarily insane for one hundred years. Upon returning to sanity he
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realized that Rajaat's prison was nearly at the point of disintegration. Borys demands yearly
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sacrifices of 1000 slaves from each of the region's city-states to power Rajaat's arcane prison in
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the Hollow. Borys uses the riches levied from the sacking of Yarmamuke to build his own city-state
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of Ur-Draxa. It was the greatest city in Athas at that time. He places Borys was eventually killed
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by Rikus using the Scourge, Borys' ancient sword that was crafted by Rajaat. Rikus accomplished
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this with assistance from Sadira, Neeva, and Rkard as part of the events of the Prism Pentad novels
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by Troy Denning.
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In The Rise and Fall of A Dragon King, there is a reference to Borys succeeding a previous "Butcher
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of Dwarves".
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In 4th edition, Borys is mentioned as the leader of the rebellion against Rajaat but his fate is
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unknown.
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C Caelum: a dwarven Sun Cleric (Paraelemental Sphere of Sun). Marries Neeva and fathers Rkard.
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D
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Daskinor: 14th Champion of Rajaat, "Goblin Death"; Male; Sorcerer-king of Eldaarich; Exterminated
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the goblin race in 822 years. In the 2nd and 3rd editions Daskinor descended into insanity and
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paranoia, and now terrorizes the citizens of the isolated city-state of Eldaarich.
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Daskinor is not mentioned in the 4th edition campaign setting and the city-state he ruled is
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referred to as semi-legendary.
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Dregoth: 3rd Champion of Rajaat, "Ravager of Giants"; Male; Sorcerer-king of Guistenal; Cleansing
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unsuccessful. In the 2nd edition Dregoth was killed by several of his fellow sorcerer-kings, led by
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Abalach-Re, to prevent him from becoming a full dragon. Dregoth was raised from death with the aid