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Urik) and therefore implies the possibility to harm other Champions as well.
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Rkard (King): The last great king of the dwarves. Killed by Borys. Borys' sword, Scourge, was kept
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in his tomb for a time.
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S
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Sacha of Arala: 1st Champion of Rajaat, "Curse of the Kobolds"; Male; Deceased; Exterminated the
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kobold race in 268 years. In the 2nd and 3rd editions Sacha, along with Wyan, stayed true to Rajaat
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when Borys betrayed him, and was later beheaded. His headless corpse served Kalak until Tyr's lord
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was assassinated. Then he served Tithian until his skull was crushed by Rikus of Tyr when it was
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discovered he was trying to free his ancient master.
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Sacha is not mentioned in the 4th edition campaign setting.
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Sadira: a half-elf former slave in Tyr who was taught the ways of a preserver as a young child, she
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is also instrumental in the freeing of Tyr and subsequent transformation into a unique class called
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the sun wizard.
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Sa’ram:One of the two dwarves that stole the Dark Lens. Upon dying they became banshee guardians of
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the talisman.
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Sielba: 7th Champion of Rajaat, "Destroyer of Pterrans"; Female; former Sorcerer-queen of Yaramuke
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(now deceased); Cleansing unsuccessful. In the 2nd edition she helped Borys imprison Rajaat and
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became the sorcerer-queen of the city-state Yaramuke. Both the city-state and their queen were
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destroyed by Hamanu and his army. In the 3rd edition it is explained that she assaulted Urik in an
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effort to increase her own power, but was slain by Hamanu, and her city sacked and burned to the
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ground. The city-state's riches are levied to Borys to appease his anger at the sorcerer-queen's
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destruction.
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Sielba is largely unchanged in the 4th edition of the campaign setting. The source of the conflict
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between Sielba and Hamanu is listed as the obsidian mines. Sielba and her city-state are destroyed
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because she refused to heed Hamanu's warning against prospecting on his land. Sielba was killed and
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her city-state destroyed but the 4th edition suggests that the cityw as never sacked and may still
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contain much of its riches.
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T
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Tectuktitlay: 9th Champion of Rajaat, "Wemic Annihilator"; Male; Sorcerer-king of Draj;
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Exterminated the wemic race in 1409 years. In the 2nd edition and 3rd editions Tectuktitlay was
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beaten to death with the dark lens when Rajaat briefly escaped from the Hollow. He is replaced by
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his adopted son Atzetuk who rules largely as a figurehead.
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In 4th edition Tectuktitlay still rules his city-state and is largely unchanged.
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Tithian of Mericles: a nobleman who formerly served as Kalak's High Templar and who, after his
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death, crowns himself as King of Tyr amidst a crowd where he also abolishes slavery. Later, it is
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revealed that he is extremely power-hungry and evil himself, wishing to become the new
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Sorcerer-King of Tyr, and he attempts to free Rajaat The War Bringer.
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U Uyness of Waverly: see Abalach-Re. V
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W
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Wyan of Bodach: 12th Champion of Rajaat, "Pixie Blight"; Male; Deceased; Exterminated the pixie
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race in 877 years. In the 2nd and 3rd editions, Wyan, along with Sacha, stayed loyal to Rajaat and
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both were beheaded by Borys as a result. Wyan's head survived until it was cut in half by Sadira of
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Tyr
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Wyan is not mentioned in the 4th edition campaign setting. X Y Z References Dark Sun
9849_0
The Republic of Venice (; ) or Venetian Republic (; ), traditionally known as La Serenissima (; ; ),
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was a sovereign state and maritime republic in parts of present-day Italy (mainly northeastern
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Italy) which existed for 1100 years from 697 AD until 1797 AD. Centered on the lagoon communities
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of the prosperous city of Venice, it incorporated numerous overseas possessions in modern Croatia,
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Slovenia, Montenegro, Greece, Albania and Cyprus. The republic grew into a trading power during the
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Middle Ages and strengthened this position in the Renaissance. Citizens spoke the still-surviving
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Venetian language, although publishing in (Florentine) Italian became the norm during the
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Renaissance.
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In its early years, it prospered on the salt trade. In subsequent centuries, the city state
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established a thalassocracy. It dominated trade on the Mediterranean Sea, including commerce
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between Europe and North Africa, as well as Asia. The Venetian navy was used in the Crusades, most
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notably in the Fourth Crusade. However, Venice perceived Rome as an enemy and maintained high
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levels of religious and ideological independence personified by the patriarch of Venice and a
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highly developed independent publishing industry that served as a haven from Catholic censorship
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for many centuries. Venice achieved territorial conquests along the Adriatic Sea. It became home to
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an extremely wealthy merchant class, who patronized renowned art and architecture along the city's
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lagoons. Venetian merchants were influential financiers in Europe. The city was also the birthplace
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of great European explorers, such as Marco Polo, as well as Baroque composers such as Antonio
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Vivaldi and Benedetto Marcello and famous painters such as the Renaissance master, Titian.
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The republic was ruled by the doge, who was elected by members of the Great Council of Venice, the
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city-state's parliament, and ruled for life. The ruling class was an oligarchy of merchants and
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aristocrats. Venice and other Italian maritime republics played a key role in fostering capitalism.
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Venetian citizens generally supported the system of governance. The city-state enforced strict laws
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and employed ruthless tactics in its prisons.
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The opening of new trade routes to the Americas and the East Indies via the Atlantic Ocean marked
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the beginning of Venice's decline as a powerful maritime republic. The city state suffered defeats
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from the navy of the Ottoman Empire. In 1797, the republic was plundered by retreating Austrian and
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then French forces, following an invasion by Napoleon Bonaparte, and the Republic of Venice was
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split into the Austrian Venetian Province, the Cisalpine Republic, a French client state, and the
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Ionian French departments of Greece. Venice became part of a unified Italy in the 19th century.
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Name
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It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice (, , or ) and is often referred to as
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La Serenissima, in reference to its title as one of the "Most Serene Republics".
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History
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During the 5th century, northeast Italy was devastated by the Germanic barbarian invasions. A large
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number of the inhabitants moved to the coastal lagoons, looking for a safer place to live. Here
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they established a collection of lagoon communities, stretching over about from Chioggia in the
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south to Grado in the north, who banded together for mutual defence from the Lombards, Huns, and
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other invading peoples as the power of the Western Roman Empire dwindled in northern Italy.
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These communities were subjected to the authority of the Byzantine Empire.
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At some point in the first decades of the eighth century, the people of the Byzantine province of
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Venice elected their first leader Ursus (or Orso Ipato), who was confirmed by Constantinople and
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given the titles of hypatus and dux. He was the first historical Doge of Venice. Tradition,
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however, first attested in the early 11th century, states that the Venetians first proclaimed one
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Anafestus Paulicius duke in 697, though this story dates to no earlier than the chronicle of John
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the Deacon. Whichever the case, the first doges had their power base in Heraclea.
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Rise
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Ursus's successor, Deusdedit, moved his seat from Heraclea to Malamocco in the 740s. He was the son
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of Ursus and represented the attempt of his father to establish a dynasty. Such attempts were
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commonplace among the doges of the first few centuries of Venetian history, but all were ultimately
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unsuccessful. During the reign of Deusdedit, Venice became the only remaining Byzantine possession
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in the north, and the changing politics of the Frankish Empire began to change the factional
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divisions within Venetia.
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One faction was decidedly pro-Byzantine. They desired to remain well connected to the Empire.
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Another faction, republican in nature, believed in continuing along a course towards practical
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independence. The other main faction was pro-Frankish. Supported mostly by clergy (in line with