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http://lifehacker.com/5808814/how-to-share-a-folder-over-your-network-for-beginners
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How to Share a Folder Over Your Network Adam Dachis 6 / 06 / 11 9 : 45am Filed to : Emailable Tech Support 17 1 Nowadays it is n ' t uncommon to have more than one computer in a home , even if the owners are n ' t tech savvy . Transferring files between these machines is a simple process , but not everyone knows how to do it . If you or someone you know has yet to learn how to share a folder over your local network , this beginner ' s guide will show you how . To see a demonstration and hear an explanation of the process for both Windows 7 and Mac OS Xv 10.6 , be sure to watch the video above . The text below will help you through the rest of it . Windows Here ' s how to share a folder on your Windows machine : Locate the folder you want to share and right click on it . . Choose " Share with . . . " and then select " Specific People " . A sharing panel will appear with the option to share with any users on the computer or your homegroup . You can also choose to share with " Everyone " , which means the files will be accessible on your local network ( basically just in your home ) to anyone even if they do n ' t have a password . This is convenient but not secure . If you want to choose this option , you can find it by click on the drop down menu towards the top of the panel . After making your selection , click Share . After you ' ve clicked Share , Windows will take a moment to set up your new shared folder and it ' ll be accessible from other computers on your local network . To access it , simply look for your computer ' s name in the Network section on your other computer . When you choose it , you ' ll have a new option to connect to this folder . Advertisement Mac OS X Sharing a folder on Mac OS X is n ' t as straightforward as it is with Windows , but it ' s still pretty easy to do . Here ' s how : Go to the Apple menu and choose " System Preferences " . From the System Preferences panel , choose " Sharing " . On the left you ' ll have a few options . Towards the top should be " File Sharing " , which is what you want . Click on it and make sure the box next to its name is checked off . When the File Sharing section loads , you ' ll see two boxes . The left box will contain shared folders and the right box will contain the users that can access them . To add a folder , click the + sign underneath the Shared Folders box . Select the folder you want and press the Choose button . This folder is now shared , but to the right of it you ' ll see what users can access this folder over the network and what they can do . For example , if you want them to be able to only read the files in the folder but not make any changes you would choose the " Read Only " option . Whatever you choose , this folder will now be shared across the local network . Advertisement To access this new shared folder from another computer , simply make a new Finder window in the Finder ( by press Command + N on your keyboard or choosing " New Finder Window " from the File menu ) . In the bar on the left side of the window will be a section called SHARED . Beneath it will be a list of shared computers . Click on the name of the computer that has the folder you just shared and want to access . After a moment , a list of shared folders will load . Double Emailable Tech Support is a tri - weekly series of easy - to - share guides for the less tech savvy people in your life . Got a beginner tech support question you constantly answer ? Let us know at tips @ lifehacker . com . Remember , when you ' re just starting out computing , there ' s very little that ' s too basic to learn . You can follow Adam Dachis , the author of this post , on Twitter and Facebook . If you ' d like to contact him , Twitter is the most effective means of doing so . Share This Story
|
[
"shared folder",
"Windows machine",
"Mac OS X"
] |
http://lifehacker.com/5846543/all-about-siri-your-iphones-new-assistant
|
All About Siri , Your iPhone ' s New Assistant Adam Dachis 10 / 04 / 11 3 : 00pm Filed to : ios 73 2 Siri is the highly anticipated addition to Apple ' s new iPhone , allowing you to control practically everything with your voice . It can check the weather , compose a text message , and find practically any information you want . Here ' s a look at how it works . You activate Siri by holding down your home button , much like you already do ( or do n ' t ) to activate Voice Control in iOS 4 . From there you can speak to Siri and ask it questions . If it needs more information , it will respond to you with additional questions until it ' s ready to provide the information or carry out the task you ' ve requested — and it can handle a lot . Check the Weather , Movie Showtimes , and More If you want to know what the weather ' s like , where to find a good Italian restaurant wherever you are , the current price of a stock ( or that stock ' s history ) , the square root of 4,892 , and much more , Siri can find that information for you . Among its sources are Wikipedia and Wolfram Alpha , providing a wealth of useful information . Ask it how many days until a given holiday , what ' s on your calendar , or seek out pretty much any information you could want . Advertisement Listen to Your Text Messages and Respond with Your Voice Siri can read you your text messages , or any other notifications in the notification queue on your phone . This is really handy when you ' re in the car and receive a message you ca n ' t look at . Siri can also compose and send replies based on voice input as well , so you can have a text - based conversation without ever touching or looking at your screen . Advertisement Manage Your Agenda Siri knows what ' s in your address book and calendar , so it can easily inform you about your appointments and even add to them . Just tell Siri what you want to do and when , if you need a reminder , and it ' ll add it to your calendar or reminders . If you ' re using iCloud , that appointment will sync across your devices right away . Transcribe Anything You Can Type If you ' re using a keyboard in iOS , you can tap Siri ' s microphone icon and just speak instead . Siri will transcribe pretty much anything . Just tap the microphone button , talk , and let Siri know when you ' re finished . It will insert the text into your email , text message , note , or whatever just as though you typed it yourself . Siri is a feature of the iPhone 4S , so unfortunately it wo n ' t come as part of a free update . Whether it requires the A5 processor or Apple just wants another reason to get you to upgrade is unknown , but either way current iPhone users are out of luck . Hopefully we ' ll see Siri come to other iDevices in the future . Photos by AllThingsD You can follow Adam Dachis , the author of this post , on Twitter Google+ , and Facebook . Twitter ' s the best way to contact him , too . Share This Story
|
[
"Siri",
"iPhone"
] |
http://lifehacker.com/5848640/how-do-i-fix-my-bricked-iphone-ipad-or-ipod-touch
|
How Do I Fix My Bricked iPhone , iPad , or iPod touch ? Adam Dachis 10 / 11 / 11 1 : 00pm 27 4 Dear Lifehacker , I decided to give jailbreaking a try and it did n ' t go so well . My iPhone is stuck on a black screen and I ' ve bricked it . Is there anything I can do ? How to Jailbreak Your iPhone : The Always Up - to - Date Guide [ iOS 9 ] Jailbreaking is a process that changes little by little with each iOS upgrade . Rather than always … Read more Sincerely , Jailbricked Dear Jailbricked , Chances are your iPhone is n ' t bricked at all . Unless you ' ve managed to interrupt a firmware update , it can be pretty tough to actually brick any iDevice . Sometimes the solution is very simple , and sometimes you actually have some reason to panic . Regardless of how things may look , however , you should be able to resolve the problem fairly easily . Just try the following . Advertisement Note : With all of these steps , be sure your device is connected to power . Sometimes when it ' s having a problem it may run down the battery and you wo n ' t be aware of it because it appears to be off or frozen . You might think something is wrong because it wo n ' t power on , but the battery may just be dead . When troubleshooting , connect your device to power to eliminate that possibility . In some cases you may want to let it charge for 15 minutes before Step One : Reset Advertisement Most of the time it ' s as simple as resetting your device . Hold down the power button and the home button simultaneously for 5 - 10 seconds ( it can vary depending on the state of your device ) . Eventually you should see the Apple logo and iDevice will boot as normal . If not , try releasing both buttons and turning on your device as normal . As a precaution , plug your device into your computer and do a full restore in iTunes . How to Restore If you ' ve never restored an iDevice before it ' s pretty easy . Just click on its name in the lefthand column in iTunes , go to the Summary section ( if it ' s not already selected by default ) , and click the Restore button . This will download the latest available version of iOS from iTunes and install it on your iPhone , iPod touch , or iPad . iTunes will know what type of device you have and download the appropriate version . When it finishes , you ' ll be asked to restore Step Two : Enter DFU Mode When resetting does n ' t do the trick , you need to tell your iDevice to go into DFU mode . This method should seem familiar if you ' ve tried to jailbreak as DFU mode is generally necessary in the jailbreaking process as it ' s usually used for recovery purposes . You ' re going to need to disconnect it from power / your computer temporarily in order to do this , so be sure to let your device charge for 10 - 15 minutes beforehand . When you ' re ready , here ' s what to do : Presumably your device wo n ' t turn on or off , so let ' s first make sure it ' s off . Just like in the reset section , hold down the home and power buttons until your device shuts off . Hold down the home button . While still holding the home button , connect your iDevice to your computer . ( The computer you use to sync with iTunes . ) When you see a screen with a USB cable and a picture of the iTunes icon , you can let go of the home button . Restore your iDevice with iTunes using the restore instructions in the previous section . That ' s one way to enter DFU mode that you can do while your device is still connected to your computer . You ' ll need a clock to help you count ( do n ' t count in your head ! ) . Here are the steps : Make sure your device is off . Hold the power and home buttons for 10 seconds . Release the power button but continue holding the home button for 10 more seconds . Release the home button Restore your iDevice with iTunes using the restore instructions in the previous section . Hopefully one of these ways should make it possible to restore your device , but if not then move on to the next step . Step Three : Try Another Computer When restoring your iPhone , iPod touch , or iPad fails on your computer , try another . For reasons not entirely known to us , we ' ve been able to fix our iDevices by simply connecting them to another copy of iTunes running on a machine that ' s never seen these devices before . Creating new user accounts on our own computers would , in theory , work , but when we ' ve done this it has n ' t . Simply attempting to restore the devices on someone else ' s machine seems to do Step Four : Get Help If your iDevice is still in limbo and you ca n ' t bring it back on your own , you ' re probably going to need some assistance . Take your device to an Apple Store or an Apple - authorized repair shop and tell them it stopped turning on . They wo n ' t fix your phone under warranty if you mention you tried to jailbreak , so leave that detail out . In many cases they ' ll be able to get things back up and running for you in a few minutes and everything will Love , Lifehacker P.S. If you ' re an Android owner and are having the same trouble with your device , be sure to check out our guide to troubleshooting a nearly - bricked Android device How Do I Fix My Bricked Android Phone ? Dear Lifehacker , Rooting my Android phone went well , but I ' ve tried to flash a custom ROM and … Read more You can follow Adam Dachis , the author of this post , on Twitter Google+ , and Facebook . Twitter ' s the best way to contact him , too . Share This Story
|
[
"Bricked iPhone",
"iPad",
"iPod touch"
] |
http://lifehacker.com/5848743/break-into-your-car-the-safe-and-easy-way
|
Video Break Into Your Car Safely with a Door Stop and Metal Rod Adam Dachis 10 / 11 / 11 3 : 00pm Filed to : dark side 173 3 If you ' ve owned a car for awhile , chances are you ' ve locked your keys inside . You can pay to have a professional break into your car for you , or you can just learn how to do it yourself to save both time and money . Note : This should go without saying , but do not use this knowledge to break into someone else ' s vehicle . That is illegal and not particularly nice . Use this to unlock your car when you lock your keys inside . According to YouTuber assertivecrystalgg45 , all you need is a door stop / wooden wedge and a long metal rod . To break in , you insert the wedge into the top part of the driver ' s side door until it makes a small opening . Then you can stick the long metal rod into that opening and use it to push the unlock button on the car . This works much better with electronic locks but can be done with regular locks as well . If you have a normal lock , you may also be able to crimped plastic strap to lift it into the unlocked position . Which method will work best will depend on what type of locks you have , so before you go out and get your materials be sure you ' re getting the right stuff . Personally , I was able to break into my car using a small putty knife instead of a wedge . A wedge would ' ve been more effective , as a putty knife is flat , but thanks to the old days of Mac mini hacking that ' s what I happened to have lying around . Presumably a wedge will work better since it can create a wider opening . This wo n ' t be a problem when it comes to getting the rod through the door , but it should make it far easier to navigate the All in all , this looks to be a very effective method for breaking into your own car so long as you have these tools handy . Despite how it may look , it ' s pretty easy to do this without damaging your vehicle . If you can manage to only lock your keys in the car when you ' re home ( or near a hardware store ) , you ' ll be in good shape ! Advertisement Tips on how to safely get into your car if you lock your key | YouTube You can follow Adam Dachis , the author of this post , on Twitter Google+ , and Facebook . Twitter ' s the best way to contact him , too . Advertisement Share This Story
|
[
"Car Safely",
"Zero-Waste Grocery Shop"
] |
http://lifehacker.com/5871832/how-do-i-give-better-massages
|
How Do I Give Better Massages ? Melanie Pinola 12 / 29 / 11 1 : 00pm Filed to : Ask Lifehacker 29 6 Dear Lifehacker , Every time I give my girlfriend a back massage , I kind of give up early because my arms get tired and I ' m not sure if I ' m doing it right . I ' d like to get better at it , though , and I also have my own tension ( especially in my shoulders ) I ' d like to massage out . Do you have any massage tips I can use ? Thanks , Amateur Masseuse Dear AM , It ' s an interesting predicament , is n ' t it : Few of us are born with innate massaging skills , yet virtually all of us love to give and receive good massages . Because of the many benefits of massage — relieving pain and reducing stress — learning to give a better massage to yourself or your partner can be profound , and everyone can do it . I spoke with expert masseuse and founder of Elements Therapeutic Massage , Michele Merhib , to gather some tips for increasing your massage - fu . Massage May Be Better Than Meds for Relieving Back Pain Low back pain is one of the most common health complaints ( exacerbated , no doubt , by sitting in … Read more Giving a Better Partner Massage Use your body weight so you do n ' t get tired . One of the biggest complaints Michele says she hears from clients is that their partners only massage them for a few minutes and stop because their hands or arms hurt — that ' s that fatigue you mentioned , and it most likely has to do with your positioning . Good massage is less about your grip and more about your stance and the use of gravity . Advertisement So rather than trying to massage your partner when she ' s standing next to you or sitting beside you on the couch , have her sit on the floor on a pillow while you sit on the couch or in a chair while you stand behind her . She could also lie on the floor on some blankets or a mat , but when sitting she can get some extra stretching in by leaning forward as you massage her back . Do n ' t forget the oil . To prevent uncomfortable friction and help your hands glide easily , use some lotion or a little bit of olive oil when massaging . Do n ' t just pour it on her back , though , like she ' s a salad . Use the oil on your own hands and warm them up . Do no harm . Avoid pinching or grabbing muscles . You can prevent this by keeping your fingers together and using your whole hand in the massage . Michele likens massaging to sculpting : When working with clay , you need to spend some time softening it at first . Likewise with a massage , use soft strokes to warm up the muscles before you try to knead them . Advertisement At the start , ask if the pressure is enough . She should feel pressure , but not pain . Adjust as needed : If she wants a deeper massage , lean in further , using your body weight . You can also use your knuckles to target really stiff muscles . The Massage for Dummies book has a cheat sheet for giving a massage , including vulnerable areas of the body you should stay away from , which include the front of the neck , upper inner arm , and abdomen . How to massage the neck and shoulders : Make a soft ( loose ) fist and use the base of your hand to apply pressure on her left shoulder , running your hand up the side of her neck until you get to the base of her skull , then go back down . Without breaking contact , repeat on the other side . Do this a couple of times . Here ' s a video demonstration from Educating Hands School of Massage on giving a shoulder and neck massage using a squeezing technique . How to massage the back : With the base of your hand and the pads of your thumbs , rub circles up and down along her spine to warm up the muscles . Be careful not to press on the spine itself . She can lean forward as you move down . Press your hands into her back and lean in slowly to apply pressure with your body weight . Finally , use a kneading motion — using your whole hand to gently squeeze and knead the muscles along the spine . Here ' s a video for a full back and neck sitting massage ( a bit long , but relaxing to watch too ) . Giving a Better Self Massage Michele offered several tricks for getting rid of tension and massaging your own muscles . Shoulders : Use the hand opposite the shoulder you want to work on ( e.g. , your right hand to massage your left shoulder ) and bring it across to your shoulder . Gently press into the shoulder and run your thumb up against the neck . Repeat on the other side . Go ahead and try this now . Ahhhh . . . Hands : Okay , now go get a pencil with an eraser . With your palm turned up , press the eraser into the fleshy parts of your hand ( especially the thumb pad ) , moving in circles and going deeper as needed . The reason why the soft pencil eraser is better than just using your hand , by the way , is because your brain can confuse the signals when it feels sensations in both hands , Michele said . One technique for relieving wrist pain is to push your hand back towards your elbow . You should do this several times a day and also stretch out your hand and fingers on your massage breaks . Back : Those therapy balls or exercise balls are great for massaging your back . Lie on one and just roll around ; this is great for aligning the spine . If you do n ' t have an exercise ball , this BodyBack Buddy is an awesome tool for deep tissue massage on hard - to - reach muscles . BodyBack Buddy Trigger Point Tool When you ' re hard up for an extra set of hands to help you reach knots in your shoulders and … Read more Feet : Athletes are familiar with this trick : Roll your foot on a tennis ball or golf ball , moving side to side and from toes to heel . Spend more time in the sensitive foot arch area . Just one massage session might do wonders for your health , and at the very least you and your partner should feel more relaxed and refreshed thanks to your new and improved massage skills . You can keep learning massage techniques with these free videos at MassageFree . com Enjoy ! Love , Lifehacker P.S. Do you know how to give a killer massage ? Share your tips with us in the comments . Photo remixed from an original by Adam Gregor Michele Merhib is the founder of Elements Therapeutic Massage , one of the fastest - growing massage therapy franchises in America . She is working closely with massage schools across the country to ensure the successful employment of massage school graduates . As a massage therapist herself , Merhib has contributed greatly to Elements ' mission to be the Employer of Choice for massage professionals . Share This Story
|
[
"Better Massages"
] |
http://lifehacker.com/5978098/turn-a-raspberry-pi-into-a-personal-vpn-for-secure-browsing-anywhere-you-go
|
Turn a Raspberry Pi into a Personal VPN for Secure Browsing Anywhere You Go Melanie Pinola 1 / 23 / 13 11 : 00am Filed to : Raspberry pi 97 8 The tiny , inexpensive Raspberry Pi has a very low power consumption , which makes it a great always - on VPN ( Virtual Private Network ) server . With a VPN , you ' ll get secure access to your home network when you ' re on the go and can use it for secure web browsing when you ' re on public networks . Here ' s how to roll your own VPN with the Raspberry Pi . It ' s Raspberry Pi week at Lifehacker , and all week we ' ll be showing you some cool DIY projects you can put together with this little miracle of a device . If you have n ' t bought one yet , check out our introduction to the Pi to learn more about what it is , what you ' ll need , and the cool stuff you can do with it . For a basic introduction to VPNs , check out our guide to why you should start using a VPN ( then come back here ) . A Beginner ' s Guide to DIYing with the Raspberry Pi The Raspberry Pi is a wonderful little computer that fits in the palm of your hand , yet packs … Read more Update : Raspberry Pi week is over ! Check out these Raspberry Pi guides to see all the fun stuff we did , and check out our Raspberry Pi tag for more cool projects . This past week , we walked you through some of the common projects people tackle with their Raspberry Pi , like : Install Raspbian and get started with Raspberry Pi DIY Build an XBMC - powered media center Set up a personal VPN for secure browsing anywhere you go Create an AirPlay receiver and stereo companion Ten more awesome projects for your Raspberry Pi , and further resources What You ' ll Need Setting up your Pi as a VPN and web proxy server does n ' t require any new or special hardware beyond the basics . You ' ll need : A free LogMeIn account since we ' re using LogMeIn Hamachi to create our VPN . Create your free account , if you do n ' t have one already , before you get started . Hamachi will create a VPN for you , so you do n ' t have to mess with port forwarding on your router , getting a static IP address , or trying to bypass firewalls . Privoxy : We ' re pairing this application with Hamachi to enable the secure web browsing from either inside or outside the network . You ' ll download it in Step 5 below . A Raspberry Pi , naturally : See our intro guide for suggestions on where to buy one if you do n ' t already have it . HDMI or composite cable : To connect the Pi to a television or monitor . Once you ' ve completed this project , you can disconnect the Pi from your display and use it as a " headless " server , since you can connect to the Pi over VPN . An 8GB Class 10 SD card or better and a card reader : Your computer may have a built - into SD card reader ; if not , you ' ll need an external one to set up the Pi . USB keyboard and mouse : I used old wired ones lying about the house , but Whitson was able to use wireless ( non - Bluetooth ) versions . An ethernet cable : For the best network performance , you ' ll want a wired connection to your router / modem ( rather than looking at Wi - Fi solutions for the Pi ) . Having a broadband internet connection at home will make the proxy server as fast as possible as well . Micro USB power supply : Look for a good quality charger that can provide at least 700mA at 5V . Most modern smartphone chargers will work , but check out the specs on the bottom of the charger brick to make sure . Besides the SD card , the power supply is one of the main troubleshooting elements if you have problems . Advertisement We ' ve walked you through the steps of setting up a personal VPN with Hamachi and using it with Privoxy for secure browsing before , but the steps below are updated for Linux and the Pi in particular . We ' ll be entering some commands in the command line and changing configuration files , but really this project is very easy to do . ( Hat tip to the Raspberry Pi community for the tips and troubleshooting used in this article . ) How to Set Up a Personal , Private VPN with Hamachi Hamachi is a free , virtual private network ( VPN ) that makes it insanely easy to set up secure … Read more Step One : Hook Up and Configure Your Raspberry Pi Advertisement If you have n ' t already , follow the steps in our Beginner ' s Guide to DIYing with the Raspberry Pi to create the base system running Raspbian , the standard operating system for the Pi . Note , however , that there ' s one additional step you should take when following that guide , at the end in the configuration section ( before step 3 , finishing configuration ) . Change the default keyboard layout if you ' re not in the UK . The reason is some of our commands require special characters ( e.g. , # ) , which the UK layout changes . If you ' re following the setup guide above , you can change the keyboard layout in the configuration screen . Or , after you ' ve set up the Pi , type in : sudo dpkg - reconfigure keyboard - configuration Then follow the prompts to switch to your country ' s layout and then either restart ( using the sudo reboot command ) or reload the keymap without restarting by entering : invoke - rc . d keyboard - setup start Step Two : Update the Raspberry Pi and Install Hamachi Hamachi depends on a couple of packages that may not be present in your image , so we ' re going to first update the packages and hopefully save you time troubleshooting common errors . First , grab the latest update : sudo apt - get update Then , install LSB ( a requirement for Hamachi ) : sudo apt - get install — fix - missing lsb lsb - core Be patient while it updates , and then you can download the latest Hamachi build for Linux : sudo wget https : / / secure . logmein . com / labs / logmein - hamachi_2 . 1 . 0 . 86 - 1_armel . deb If you get errors grabbing the Hamachi for Linux download , check the download page on LogMeIn to verify the version number ( e.g. , 2 . 1 . 0 . 86 - 1 ) and change it in the filename if necessary . Next , install Hamachi by entering : sudo dpkg - 1 logmein - hamachi_2 . 1 . 0 . 86 - 1_armel . deb Step Three : Configure Hamachi on the Raspberry Pi The last step for our VPN setup is to get Hamachi running on the Pi and on our client PCs . On the Raspberry Pi , run the following to get the Pi connected to your LogMeIn account and create a new Hamachi network : sudo hamachi login sudo hamachi attach [ INSERT LOGMEIN . COM EMAIL HERE ] sudo hamachi set - nick [ INSERT A NICKNAME FOR YOUR RASPBERRY PI ] Now , on another machine , head over to LogMeIn and go to your " My Networks " section under networks . You ' ll see that the Pi ( whatever you nicknamed it ) is trying to connect and create a new network . Grant the Pi permissions and write down the network ID ( a 9 - digit number ) for that network . Go back to the Raspberry Pi and enter : sudo hamachi do - join [ THE NETWORK ID YOU WROTE DOWN ] Then enter your LogMeIn password ( if requested ) . You might need to approve the join request on LogMeIn from the other machine . Once you do so , the Pi will be part of the new VPN served by Hamachi . At LogMeIn . com , look for the virtual IP address assigned to the Pi and write that down , because you ' ll need it later . To be able to SSH into it and remotely control the Raspberry Pi , start the SSH server : sudo / etc / init . d / ssh start Step Four : Install Hamachi on Your Computers Almost done ! For the Windows , Mac , or Linux computers you also want to connect to the VPN , you ' ll need to install the Hamachi client from the download page After you do so , you can join the new VPN ( Network > Join ) and SSH into the Raspberry Pi or access network files , etc . ( In Windows , use a tool like Putty or in Mac / Linux use Terminal to SSH , using the Raspberry Pi ' s IP address assigned by Hamachi in the server field ) . ( Optional ) Step Five : Install Privoxy on the Pi and Use It as Your Computer ' s Web Proxy Besides issuing remote commands to the Pi and accessing network files , you can use your Pi as a proxy server . By connecting Privoxy and Hamachi , you can secure and encrypt your browser sessions when you ' re using the public Wi - Fi at your local coffeeshop — keeping your data safe from prying eyes or malicious users . Here are the steps to set up Privoxy on the Pi : Install Privoxy : sudo apt - get install privoxy Start Privoxy : etc / init . d / privoxy start Open the configuration file in your text editor : sudo nano / etc / privoxy / config Find the following line ( easy in Nano if you do a search by hitting Ctrl + W ) : listen - address localhost : 8118 Comment out that line by adding a before it Then add a new line below it with : listen - address [ IP address of your Pi assigned by Hamachi ] : 8118 ( e.g. , 25 . 1 . 1 . 1 : 8118 ) Save the configuration file ( Ctrl + X ) and restart Privoxy : sudo service privoxy restart Now you have your Privoxy server set up on the Pi , running over the secure VPN via Hamachi . All that ' s left to do is set Privoxy as your proxy server on your other computers . To do that : In Google Chrome : Go to Settings > Show advanced settings . . . > Change proxy settings . . . ( under Network ) In Firefox : Go to Preferences > Advanced tab > Network tab > Settings button ( next to " Configure how Firefox connects to the Internet " ) Then enter the IP address of the Raspberry Pi , as assigned by Hamachi , in the proxy adress . The port is 8118 . To test that the proxy is working , go to http : / / config . privoxy . org / and you should see a message like " This is Privoxy on Windows [ IP address ] , port 8118 , enabled . " If it ' s not working , you ' ll see a message that " Privoxy is not being used . " Also , when you ' re using a public Wi - Fi connection , visiting WhatIsMyIP . com will show a different IP address when your proxy is turned on than when it ' s off ( the IP address should be your home ' s public IP address ) . That ' s it ! Other Raspberry Pi VPN Solutions There are other ways to skin this cat , of course . Our favorite VPN tool ( by a close margin over Hamachi ) , Open VPN is a good alternative , but may require a bit more tweaking ( as well as a static IP or Dynamic DNS service provider ) . You can also set up a PPTD VPN ( instructions via Brad Wells ) , which has the advantage of being supported by more devices , but again it ' s a little more involved . Best VPN Tool : OpenVPN Last week we asked you to share your favorite VPN tool , then we rounded up the top five contenders … For a quick - and - dirty VPN and proxy server , though , the steps above should get you up and running in no time securely networking with your Raspberry Pi . Photo by Denise Kappa ( Shutterstock ) , maymak ( Shutterstock ) , Pakhnyushcha Anan Kaewkhammul A1Stock ( Shutterstock ) , and Neyro ( Shutterstock ) Share This Story
|
[
"Raspberry Pi",
"VPN",
"secure web browsing"
] |
http://lifehacker.com/5981757/how-to-watch-and-record-live-tv-on-your-xbmc-media-center
|
How to Watch and Record Live TV on Your XBMC Media Center Whitson Gordon 2 / 05 / 13 11 : 00am Filed to : Media Center 131 13 Building a media center is a killer way to watch or stream your favorite movies and TV shows , but if you miss being able to watch live TV — and record it so you can watch it later — you can turn your XBMC box into a personal video recorder ( PVR ) with just a bit of work . Here ’ s what you need to do . XBMC 12 Frodo finally brought official PVR support to our favorite media center software , and it integrates very nicely . It still takes a bit of setup to get running though , so we ’ re here to detail all the steps involved for your XBMC media center . If you do n ’ t have one yet , check out our guide to building one and setting everything up before continuing . Create a Kickass , Seamless , Play - Everything Media Center : The Complete Guide DVD players are so 1999 . In this day and age , a custom media center running XBMC is the only thing … Read more The Advantages ( and Disadvantages ) of Turning Your Media Center into a PVR First things first : putting together a DIY PVR can be useful , but it wo n ’ t be quite the same as having a TiVo or other commercial DVR in your house . Advertisement The main advantage of adding PVR functionality to your media center is that you can then do anything you want with your recordings . You can add them to your regular XBMC library , put them on your phone or tablet for watching later , or do anything else with the resulting files . It can be much cheaper than buying a separate DVR , depending on what you ’ re recording ( cable users will probably have to spend more ) . You can also customize your list of channels , which is nice , so you do n ’ t have The disadvantage to setting up a PVR this way is that it just does n ’ t work as well as a dedicated product . There are a lot of different TV tuners and PVR applications out there , but your experience wo n ’ t be quite as smooth and seamless as it would be on a retail - sold PVR . For example , on our main test machine , things worked fairly well , but changing channels is noticeably slower than on a regular TV , picture quality can vary a lot ( depending on your device and the Overall , I ’ d say my experience has definitely been a positive one , though . I bought a very cheap TV tuner and have been able to watch and record TV right from my home theater PC for much less than any other device , which is pretty awesome , and being able to have everything available from the XBMC interface is pretty great . The more you experiment with different programs and setups , though , the better experience you ’ re going to get , so let ’ s get started . Advertisement Step One : Install a TV Tuner Card In order to get live TV on your home theater PC , you ’ ll need to install a TV tuner card . We ’ ve talked about this before , so we wo n ’ t go into a ton of detail here , but do a little shopping and then poke around the forums for the different PVR apps to see which ones will work best for your needs . In our box , we ’ re using the simple and cheap Hauppauge HVR - 1250 . It is n ’ t the most feature - filled around , but it works well for watching and recording simple over - the - air signals ( though it can only do one at a time ) . Once you ’ ve bought your TV tuner , install it into your computer and be sure to download the latest drivers before you continue . Hauppauge 1187 WinTV - HVR - 1250 Hybird PCI - Ex1 TV Tuner 1187 From amazon Step Two : Install Your PVR Backend You ’ ll need two different pieces of software to run your PVR : a backend and a frontend . In this case , our frontend — the program from which we watch live TV and control our recordings — is going to be an add - on in XBMC . The backend is the program that actually interfaces with your TV tuner , decodes the signal , and does the recording . Some backends come with their own frontends built - in , but allow you to use the frontend of your choice . You have a lot of choices depending on your operating system , but here are the instructions for two of the easier backends around . Windows Users : NextPVR For Windows , we recommend NextPVR because it ’ s easy to set up and comes highly recommended . Here ’ s what you need to do : Download and install NextPVR . You ’ ll also want to download the latest patch files from here to ensure everything runs smoothly — just drag the files into your NextPVR program files folder . Start up NextPVR . Right - click anywhere in the window to access its settings . In the left - hand sidebar , click on Devices , then select the one you want to use ( for example , your ATSC tuner if you ’ re using an antenna , or your QAM tuner if you ’ re using cable ) . Click the Configure button . Click Scan and wait for it to find all your channels . When it ’ s done , it ’ ll say “ Scan Complete ” and you should have a full list of available channels . Go to “ Recording ” in the left sidebar and set the folder where you want recordings to be stored . You can also tweak other settings here . We recommend checking the “ Background Recording ” box as well . Go to Misc in the sidebar and set your Live TV buffer folder . That should be everything you need to get started . Head to “ Live TV ” to try watching TV . If you do n ’ t get any picture or sound , you likely need to use a different decoder to get things working well . To change your decoder , open up NextPVR ’ s settings and go to “ Decoders . ” The decoders you want to worry about will depend on your device . For example , my HVR - 1250 uses MPEG - 2 and AAC to stream and record TV , so the MPEG - 2 and AAC codecs are the ones I needed to change . You may find other codecs in the respective dropdown menus on this settings pane , but if you do n ’ t ( or if none of the available ones work well ) , This is the more arduous part of the process . Different codecs are going to work better for different people , so you ’ ll have to experiment . A good place to start would be the SAF codec pack for NextPVR , though you can install and try other codecs too ( check the NextPVR forums for suggestions based on your equipment ) . Keep trying different codecs until you find one that gets you the picture quality , smoothness , and sound that you want , and then continue to step three . Linux Users : Tvheadend Tvheadend is a simple backend for Linux that is very easy to install , and can be managed from a web interface — which means you can manage your recordings from any computer in the house , without even entering XBMC . Here ’ s how to install it on an Ubuntu - based system : Run the following three commands , one after the other , to install Tvheadend : sudo add - apt - repository ppa : adamsutton / tvheadend sudo apt - get update sudo apt - get install tvheadend As Tvheadend installs , it will prompt you to create a username and password for its web interface ( which you ’ ll use to manage the program ) . Create one as instructed and continue the installation . When it ’ s done , open up your browser and head to http : / / localhost : 9981 . Alternatively , you can access it from another computer by heading to http : / / 192 . 168 . 0 . 11 : 9981 ( where 192 . 168 . 0 . 11 is the IP address of the machine on which Tvheadend is installed ) . Enter your username and password when prompted . You should be greeted with the Tvheadend web interface . First , click the Configuration tab , then click the TV Adapters tab under that . From the dropdown menu on the left , pick your TV tuner . Click the “ Add DVB Network by Location ” button . Choose your location and the type of signal you ’ re looking for . For example , if you ’ re hooked up to an over - the - air antenna , you would choose the ATSC option , and if you have cable , try the Cable Standard option . Click the “ Add DVB Network ” button on the left to continue . Now , look to the box on the right . At the bottom , you should see a line that says “ Muxes Awaiting Initial Scan . ” This will slowly drop to 0 as it scans channels . When it finds channels , the number under “ Services ” will increase . When “ Muxes Awaiting Initial Scan ” reaches 0 , you should have a number of Services scanned and ready to go ( if not , try a different signal type or make sure your tuner is working ) . Click “ Map DVB Services to Channels ” to finish the channel scanning process . Tvheadend does n ’ t have its own frontend for watching TV like many backends do , so to test if your setup worked , you ’ ll have to continue to step 3 and try it out in XBMC . All Users : Experiment We ’ ve picked these two options because they make good choices for beginners due to their easy setup . However , every backend program is different , and there ’ s very little consensus over which is “ best ” or even the most stable ( just search for any two backends on the XBMC forums and you ’ ll find much debate ) . So , if you do n ’ t like the first one you try , download another one and see if it works better for you . It ’ s a long process of trial and error , but the more you experiment , the more likely you are to find something that works for you . Step Three : Set Up XBMC ’ s PVR Add - On Once you ’ ve ensured your backend is running correctly , it ’ s time to integrate it with XBMC . This step is pretty easy . Make sure you ’ re running the latest version of XBMC ( known as 12 , or “ Frodo ” ) , and then : Open up XBMC and head to Settings > Add - Ons > Disabled Add - Ons . Head to PVR Clients , and select the one for your program ( in this case , either NextPVR or Tvheadend ) . Choose Enable . Next , go to Configure . Most of the default settings should work fine here , but if your backend has a username or password , type those in now . If your backend supports Timeshifting ( rewinding or pausing live TV ) , enable it under the “ Advanced ” tab . Go back to XBMC ’ s Settings and choose Live TV . Under General , check the Enabled box , and tweak any other settings you want here . I generally like to go to Playback and uncheck Start Playback Minimized . If you go back to the main menu , you should see a new section called “ Live TV ” where you can watch shows , see an episode guide , and set up recordings . Congratulations ! You ’ ve got XBMC working as a PVR . You may still have to do some experimentation here to find out the settings that work best for your specific hardware and software , but for the most part , you should be good to go . Try watching or recording a show from XBMC , tweak your episode list from the Live TV settings , and enjoy . Going Further This is a pretty basic setup , but you can do a lot more with your PVR once you get it set up , such as : Find a Better Programming Guide : The electronic programming guide ( or EPG for short ) you start with is probably pretty lacking at this stage . The best way to improve it is by setting up an EPG grabber , which will download a high quality episode guide and save it as an XMLTV file to which you can point your backend . Schedules Direct comes very highly recommended , and is only $ 25 a year ( well worth the price ) , but what you use will depend on your country . Check out NextPVR ’ s EPG section in the wiki for more info , and if you ’ re using Tvheadend , poke around the forums for more information on how to set up an episode guide . Skip and Remove Commercials : You may also want to download a program like Comskip that automatically finds and skips commercials for you . Check out this page on the NextPVR wiki or this page on Tvheadend ’ s wiki for more information on how to set that up . You can even set it up to remove commercials from your video files altogether . Again , this is just the beginning . There are a lot of cool things you can do with your DIY PVR , so once you ’ re all set up , check out the XBMC forums ( as well as the forums for your respective backend ) for more ideas and support . But for now , kick back with a cold one and enjoy some live TV . You ’ ve earned it . Share This Story About the author Whitson Gordon Whitson Gordon is a writer , gamer , and all - around tech nerd . He eats potato chips with chopsticks so he does n ' t get grease on his mechanical keyboard . Email Twitter Posts
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[
"XBMC"
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http://lifehacker.com/6-common-fluids-that-can-leak-from-your-car-and-how-to-1493902758
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6 Common Fluids That Can Leak from Your Car , and How to Diagnose Them Melanie Pinola 1 / 03 / 14 1 : 30pm Filed to : cars 53 12 Sometimes cars leak , leaving ominous spots or puddles on the ground that can make you wonder if your vehicle is dying a slow death . The good news is if you can master the art of " spotology " by deciphering those mysterious spots , you can tell whether the fluid leak is a harmless drip or a serious problem to be fixed ASAP . Here ' s how . There are three things to consider when it comes to those car leaks : color , consistency , and location ( so you can tell if the leak happened from the front or back of the car ) . For the latter , The Car Guy says you can place newspaper or aluminum foil under your car in the evening and then " read " the spots the next day . This way , you can tell if the leak is power steering fluid ( reddish or light brown , from the front of the car ) versus auto transmission fluid ( also often reddish or light brown , but dripping from the middle of the car ) . The photo above , from Allstate , is a handy reference guide to six common car puddles you might encounter . Brake fluid is one of the most dangerous leaks to worry about , our sister site Jalopnik points out . If you see that clear to brown and slick puddle under your car ( it ' ll be even more slippery to the touch than engine oil or transmission fluid ) , do n ' t even try driving it but get it towed right away . As the Art of Manliness says ' Brake Fluid Basics ' Do you know anything about brake fluid ? No ? You do n ' t ? Well , good thing you ' re here . … Read more Your car ' s brake system works on a hydraulic pressure system . Brake fluid serves as the hydraulic fluid that maintains that pressure . A leak in brake fluid will cause a drop in pressure , possibly resulting in brake failure . That ' s not something you want to happen as you ' re cruising down Dead Man ' s Hill going 60 MPH . Fortunately , in most modern cars , brake fluid leaks are rare . If you do have one , you ' ll usually find it near the wheels or in the area directly under the brake pedal . Advertisement Knowing these leaks and getting them repaired if necessary can help you avoid more expensive repairs down the line ( like replacing a grind - down transmission ) . It ' s also something you should do before any trip . Hit up the links below for more details on what these spots mean . Pre - Trip Inspection , a lost art Contrary to popular belief , the pre - trip inspection is not just for Class 1 drivers . Us lowly Class … Read more Find the Fluid : Identifying Your Car ' s Drips | The Allstate Blog Auto Troubleshooting : What ' s Leaking from My Car ? | The Art of Manliness Reading " Road Signs : Fluid Leaks and Puddles | The Car Guy Advertisement Share This Story
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[
"Common Fluids"
] |
http://lifehacker.com/disable-windows-annoying-adaptive-brightness-feature-on-1567886994
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Disable Windows ' Annoying Adaptive Brightness Feature on Your Laptop Ed Rhee 4 / 26 / 14 3 : 00pm Filed to : windows tips 71 7 Many modern Windows laptops now come with light sensors that automatically adjust the screen ' s brightness based on ambient lighting . The feature works inconsistently in Windows , which can make for a frustrating experience . If the brightness switching is driving you crazy , here ' s how to disable adaptive brightness . Go to Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Power Options , then click on " Change plan settings " next to your active power plan . Click on " Change advanced power settings . " Scroll down to Display , then under Enable adaptive brightness , switch it off for both the battery and plugged in modes . Adaptive brightness is available in Windows 7 and 8 , but will only be visible if your hardware supports it . If your screen still seems possessed , check your display driver for a power saving setting . On Intel cards for example , turn off " display power saving technology . " Share This Story
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[
"Windows laptops",
"light sensors",
"ambient lighting"
] |
http://lifehacker.com/disable-your-laptops-built-in-webcam-to-protect-your-p-1596983247
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Disable Your Laptop ' s Built - in Webcam to Protect Your Privacy Mark Wycislik - Wilson 6 / 27 / 14 12 : 00pm Filed to : privacy 40 2 Windows : Webcams offer a window into your home , and they ' ve been known to targets for malware . If you have a built - in camera , here ' s how to disable it and protect yourself . Malware can take over webcams , so there is potential for your camera to spy on you . You can easily disable an external webcam just by unplugging it , but things are a little different for integrated cameras Keep Your Wi - Fi Webcam Safe From Hackers A Wi - Fi webcam , also known as an IP camera , can be taken over remotely if you do n ' t secure it … Read more The simple solution is to just pop a piece of tape over the lens , but this is not ideal . Sticky residue is left behind , and there is a risk that your improved privacy shield could fall off . You could turn to third party software , but you can also disable a webcam from within Device Manager . gHacks explains the whole process : 1 . Tap on the Windows - key to open the start menu or start screen ( Windows 8 ) . 2 . Type Device Manager and select the first result from the list . 3 . If everything worked out fine , the Windows Device Manager should open . 4 . If not , try the following approach instead : Use Windows - R to open the runbox on the system . Type devmgmt . msc and hit enter . 5 . Locate Imaging Devices and there Integrated Camera . If it is not listed there , you may want to check under Sound , video and game controllers to see if it is listed there instead . 6 . Right - click on Integrated Camera and select disable from the context menu . 7 . Confirm the prompt that appears 8 . The camera has been disabled and can not be used anymore unless it is enabled first . 9 . To enable it again , repeat the process but select enable from the right - click context menu to do so . Advertisement The technique is the same for webcams built into laptops and desktop monitors . How to disable the webcam on a Windows PC | Ghacks Photo by Wollertz Advertisement Share This Story
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[
"Webcam",
"integrated cameras ."
] |
http://lifehacker.com/how-anti-aliasing-smooths-out-your-games-and-which-typ-1640944916
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Video How Anti - Aliasing Smooths Out Your Games , and Which Type to Use Whitson Gordon 10 / 01 / 14 8 : 00am Filed to : gaming 1 Save If you ' ve ever played a video game on your PC , you ' ve probably seen a setting called " anti - aliasing " , which smooths out jagged graphics . But there are different types of anti - aliasing , and some are better than others . Get More From Your Games : A Beginner ' s Guide to Graphics Settings You ' ve built a gaming PC and it ' s time to start playing , but you ' re thinking your … Read more We ' ve talked about anti - aliasing before , but only delved into the basics . Linus over at Techquickie gives a great explainer on all the different types of anti - aliasing in the video above , and their strengths and weaknesses , such as : SSAA ( also known as FSAA ) : Super sampling anti - aliasing was the first type of anti - aliasing available . It ' s useful on photorealistic images , but is n ' t very common in games anymore , because it uses so much processing power . MSAA : Multisample anti - aliasing is one of the more common types of anti - aliasing available in modern games . It only smooths out the edges of polygons , not anything else — which cuts down on processing power compared to SSAA , but does n ' t solve pixelated textures . ( MSAA still uses quite a bit of power , though . ) CSAA and EQAA : These types of anti - aliasing ( used by newer NVIDIA and AMD cards , respectively ) are similar to MSAA , but at a fraction of the performance cost . FXAA : Fast approximate anti - aliasing , which we ' ve mentioned before , has a very small performance cost , and smooths out edges in all parts of the image . However , it usually makes the image look blurry , which means it is n ' t ideal if you want crisp graphics . TXAA : Temporal anti - aliasing only works on certain newer graphics cards , but combines lots of different techniques to smooth out edges . It ' s better than FXAA , but still has some blurriness to it , and uses a bit more processing power . Advertisement Of course , when you fire up a game , you usually do n ' t get to choose between all these types of anti - aliasing . If you ' re lucky , you might get a choice between two , but in most cases , you either get one ( or none ) . However , you can often enable them in your graphics card ' s drivers , or even download new drivers with other types of anti - aliasing not mentioned above . All that said , anti - aliasing has become less and less necessary as graphics become better and monitor resolution increases . You may find that some games do n ' t need it at all , while others do . It probably is n ' t worth stressing out about , but if your graphics drivers have the option , you may find that you have more choices than you realized — and introductory knowledge to these methods can come in pretty handy . Check out the video above for more . Different Types of Anti - Aliasing as Fast as Possible | Techquickie Advertisement Share This Story
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[
"Anti-Aliasing",
"Games"
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http://lifehacker.com/how-long-your-hard-drive-is-likely-to-last-1462918832
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How Long Your Hard Drive Is Likely to Last Melanie Pinola 11 / 12 / 13 10 : 30am Filed to : hard drives 142 9 No physical storage medium lasts forever , and as you probably already know , hard drives in particular can die rather unexpectedly . But how long can you expect your drive to live ? 5 years ? 50 ? Backblaze has crunched some numbers to find hard drive failure rates . The online backup service analyzed 25,000 hard drives it ' s kept consistently spinning over the last four years , noting when each drive failed . These are " consumer grade " hard drives , the majority of them internal ones but also a portion taken out of their external enclosures and mounted in Backblaze ' s data racks . They found that hard drives have three distinct failure rates : in the first year and a half , drives fail at 5.1 % per year ; in the next year and a half , drives fail less — at about 1.4 % per year ; but after three years , failure rates skyrocket to 11.8 % per year . The good news is , 80 % of hard drives last at least four years . The bad news is 20 % of them do n ' t . Backblaze does n ' t have data beyond the four years measured so far , but extrapolated the data to predict a median lifespan of over 6 years for most hard drives . Another good reminder to keep backing up your data How long do disk drives last ? | Backblaze via ExtremeTech Advertisement Share This Story
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[
"Hard Drive",
"physical storage"
] |
http://lifehacker.com/how-to-decide-on-what-to-do-with-your-life-1588240029
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How to Decide What to Do with Your Life Leo Babauta 6 / 09 / 14 5 : 00pm Filed to : life planning 64 36 When you ' re young , the world is your oyster and opportunities seem endless , but there can be a lot of pressure to decide on a life path . How do you know what career to pursue and what to do with your future ? This post originally appeared on Zen Habits I recently had a 15 - year - old write to me , and ask about figuring out what to do with her life : " As a high - school student I ' m constantly being reminded to figure out what to do with my life , what career I would like to have and so on . I definitely feel huge amounts of pressure when my teachers and parents tell me to figure out something now . I ' m young and I do n ' t want to make a mistake and ruin my future . I know what I like and what my interests are but when I read about a job related to those interests I always feel as if What an extremely tough thing to figure out : what to do with your future ! Now , I ca n ' t really know exactly what this young woman should do , but I can share what I ' ve learned looking back on my life , and what I would tell my kids ( the oldest is 21 and still figuring things out , but I also have 17 - and 16 - year - old boys and a 14 - year - old girl ) . Here ' s what I ' d say . You Ca n ' t Figure Out the Future Advertisement Even young people who have a plan ( to be a doctor , lawyer , research scientist , singer ) do n ' t really know what will happen . If they have any certainty at all , they ' re a bit deluded . Life does n ' t go according to plan , and while a few people might do exactly what they set out to do , you never know if you ' re one of those . Other things come along to change you , to change your opportunities , to change the world . The Zen Habits blogger . So if you ca n ' t figure out the future , what do you do ? Do n ' t focus on the future . Focus on what you can do right now that will be good no matter what the future brings . Make stuff . Build stuff . Learn skills . Go on adventures . Make friends . These things will help in any future . Learn to Be Good with Discomfort One of the most important skills you can develop is being okay with some discomfort . The best things in life are often hard , and if you shy away from difficulty and discomfort , you ' ll miss out . You ' ll live a life of safety . Advertisement Learning is hard . Building something great is hard . Writing a book is hard . A marriage is hard . Running an ultra - marathon is hard . All are amazing . If you get good at being accustomed to a little discomfort , you can do anything . You can start a business , which you could n ' t if you ' re afraid of discomfort , because starting a business is hard and uncomfortable . How do you get good at this ? Do things now that are uncomfortable and hard , on purpose . But start with small doses . Try exercising for a little bit , even if it ' s hard , but just start with a few minutes of it , and increase a minute every few days or so . Try writing a blog or meditating every day . When you find yourself avoiding discomfort , push yourself just a little bit more ( within limits of reason and safety of course ) . Learn to Be Good with Uncertainty A related skill is thriving in uncertainty . Starting a business , for example , is an amazing thing to do , but if you ' re afraid of uncertainty , you ' ll skip it . You ca n ' t know how things will turn out , and so if you need to know how things will turn out , you ' ll avoid great projects , businesses , opportunities . But if you can be okay with not knowing , you ' ll be open to many more possibilities . I ' ve written previously about becoming more comfortable with uncertainty If you ' re good at discomfort and uncertainty , you could do all kinds of things : travel the world and live cheaply while blogging about it , write a book , start a business , live in a foreign country and teach English , learn to program and create your own software , take a job with a startup , create an online magazine with other good young writers , and much more . All of those would be awesome , but you have to be okay with discomfort and uncertainty . If any opportunities like these come along , you ' ll be ready if you ' ve practiced these skills . Overcome Distraction and Procrastination All of this is useless if you ca n ' t overcome the universal problems of distraction and procrastination . You might seize an opportunity because you ' re good at uncertainty and discomfort , but then not make the most of it because you ' re too busy on social media and watching TV . Actually , distraction and procrastination are just ways of avoiding discomfort , so if you get good at discomfort you ' re way ahead of most people . But there are some things you can practice and ways to beat procrastination Six Scientifically Supported Ways to Crush Procrastination Procrastination is something that everyone deals with . It ’ s hard to place too much blame on … Read more Learn More about Your Mind Most people do n ' t realize that fear controls them . They do n ' t notice when they run to distraction , or rationalize doing things they told themselves they would n ' t do . It ' s hard to change mental habits because you do n ' t always see what ' s going on in your head . Learn about how your mind works , and you ' ll be much better at all of this . For me , the best ways are meditation and blogging . With meditation read how to do it ) you watch your mind jumping around , running from discomfort , rationalizing . With blogging , you are forced to reflect on what you ' ve been doing in life and what you ' ve learned from it . It ' s a great tool for self - growth , and I recommend it to every young person . A Guide to Meditation for the Rest of Us Believe it or not , you can improve your concentration and slow down your day - to - day life with … Read more Do Paid Work and Save Money I do n ' t think money is that important , but making money is difficult . You have to make someone believe in you enough to hire you or buy your products / service , which means you have to figure out why you ' re worthy of someone believing in you . You have to become worthy . And you have to learn to communicate that to people so they ' ll want to buy or hire you . Whether you ' re selling cookies door - to - door or an app in the Apple store or trying to get a job as a cashier , you have to do this And you get better with practice . I worked as a clerk at a bank and then a freelance sports writer when I was in high school , and those were valuable experiences for me . And if you can make enough , save an emergency fund , then start investing your earnings in an index fund and watch it grow over your lifetime . Build Something , Even If It ' s Small Most people fritter their time away on things that do n ' t matter , like TV , video games , social media , and reading the news . A year of that and you have nothing to show for it . But if you did a sketch every day , or started writing a web app , or created a blog or a video channel that you update regularly , or started building a cookie business , at the end of a year you ' ll have something great . And some new skills . Something you can point Start small , and build it every day if possible . It ' s like putting your money in investments : it grows in value over time . Become Trustworthy and Build Your Reputation When someone hires an unfamiliar young person , the biggest fear is that the young person is not trustworthy . That they ' ll come in late and lie about it and miss deadlines . Someone who has established a reputation over the years might be much more trusted , and more likely to be hired . Learn to be trustworthy by showing up on time , doing your best on every task , being honest , admitting mistakes but fixing them , trying your best to meet deadlines , and being a good person . If you do that , you ' ll build a reputation and people will recommend you to others , which is the best way to get a job or investor . Always Be Ready for Opportunities If you do all of the above , or at least most of it , you ' ll be amazing . You ' ll be way , way ahead of pretty much every other person — especially if you ' re a teenager like the one who wrote me with this question . And opportunities will come your way , if you have your eyes open : job opportunities , a chance to build something with someone , an idea for a startup that you can build yourself , a new thing to learn and turn into a business , These opportunities might come along , and you have to be ready to seize them . Take risks — that ' s one of the advantages of being young . And if none come along , create your own . Finally the idea behind all of this is that you ca n ' t know what you ' re going to do with your life right now , because you do n ' t know who you ' re going to be , what you ' ll be able to do , what you ' ll be passionate about , who you ' ll meet , what opportunities will come up , or what the world will be like . But you do know this : if you are prepared , you can do anything you want . Prepare yourself by learning about your mind , becoming trustworthy , building things , overcoming procrastination , getting good at discomfort and uncertainty . You can put all this off and live a life of safety and boringness . Or you can start today , and see what life has to offer you . A Guide for Young People : What to Do With Your Life | Zen Habits Leo Babauta is the creator and writer of Zen Habits . He ' s married with six kids , lives in San Francisco ( previously Guam ) , and is a runner and a vegan . Read more about him : My Story Image by alphaspirit ( Shutterstock ) . Photos by Jeff Kubin ( Flickr ) , Steven Depolo ( Flickr ) , Scott Akerman ( Flickr ) , and Nina Helmer ( Flickr ) . Want to see your work on Lifehacker ? Email Andy Share This Story
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[
"Life",
"opportunities ,",
"Amazon"
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http://lifehacker.com/how-to-extend-your-wi-fi-network-with-an-old-router-915783308
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DIY How to Extend Your Wi - Fi Network With an Old Router Adam Dachis 7 / 30 / 13 11 : 00am Filed to : router 90 26 When you upgrade to a faster , better router , do n ’ t toss your old one . Whether through stock or custom firmware , you can likely turn it into a repeater that can carry your Wi - Fi ’ s signal to the dark corners of your home . We used to have a smaller selection of Wi - Fi routers and technologies . Most of us used 802.11g routers for a tolerable 54mbps connection . Then 802.11n came along and gave us wireless networks a much - needed speed boost , but with some limitations . This year an even faster standard proliferated — 802.11ac — bringing wireless speeds a heck of a lot closer to what we can expect from a standard wired connection . By now , you probably have an old router lying around that you can use to boost your signal . Unfortunately , if you just upgraded , that router probably offers slower speeds than your new one . While you ca n ’ t make it magically provide faster transfer rates , it can give you a signal where you could n ’ t get one before . That said , if you need speed you might need to What Is 802.11ac and Will It Make My Wi - Fi Faster ? Dear Lifehacker , My wireless router is slow as dirt , and I ' ve been looking for a new one . … Read more What You ’ ll Need Advertisement When creating a range - boosting Wi - Fi repeater , what you need will vary . Some routers have repeater functionality built in . Others need custom firmware to get the job done . Take a look at this list before you get started , but pay careful attention to what you ’ ve got because you may not need everything on it . An old router : “ Old ” means a router not in use anymore , not one that ’ s eligible for retirement benefits . In fact , the newer your “ old ” router is , the better it will work because it will come closer ( or match ) the network speeds provided by your new one . Basically , you need a router that you can repurpose into a repeater and that means one you do n ’ t need to run your network anymore . Custom firmware : You may or may not actually need custom firmware to create a range - boosting Wi - Fi repeater out of your “ old ” router . Check your router ’ s admin page to find out if you can turn it into a repeater already . If not , you ’ ll want to look at DD - WRT to check if it supports your router . Some prefer OpenWRT and Tomato because DD - WRT ’ s development died down quite a bit over the past couple of years , but it nevertheless offers the most straightforward option for creating a wireless repeater . Nevertheless , we ' ll discuss Tomato and OpenWRT in brief later on . A paperclip or pen : If all goes well , you wo n ’ t need either of these things . If not , you may need to reset your router . Mistakes can happen when messing around with router settings and , in this case , you can accidentally make your old router ’ s admin section inaccessible . In case that happens , have a pen or paperclip handy to hit the reset button so you can quickly recover from any issues . Advertisement As you can see , you do n ’ t need much to get started . If your router ’ s stock firmware already has a Wi - Fi repeating function , move on to the next section . If not , skip it and head to the custom firmware section that follows . Turn Your Router into a Repeater with Stock Firmware A number of modern routers offer repeater functionality out of the box . While we ca n ’ t provide instructions for every single router on the market , we can give you a basic guide to enabling this feature and setting it up . Before we get started , here ’ s a list of brands we know of that offer repeater functionality on some routers : Linksys ( official documentation Belkin ( official documentation for bridging ) Apple ( Once you ’ ve verified you have a router with this functionality built - in , follow these steps : Make note of both your new and old router ’ s MAC addresses . You can often find it on the bottom of your router or in your router ’ s status section . ( It looks like 00 : 00 : 00 : 00 : 00 : 00 . ) You ’ ll need both addresses to create a bridge . Plug in and turn on your old router , then connect to its admin page . You can find the URL to this page in your router ’ s manual . ( Most have a URL like http : / / 192 . 168 . 1 . 1 . ) Enter the admin username and password if requested . You ’ ll find the defaults in the router ’ s manual , too . Locate the repeater settings on your router ’ s admin page . Some routers distinguish between repeating a wireless signal — simply extending the one your primary router provides — and wirelessly bridging a network gap — not extending the signal but allowing you to connect computers and other devices via ethernet to the secondary router to gain a connection . While a little confusing on its own , some manufacturers make things even worse by misappropriating the term “ Wireless Bridge Mode ” as a method for actually repeating the signal ( Apple sort of does this , for starters ) . If you have a Linksys router , its admin software will differentiate . Other companies may not , so look into their documentation to see if you can bridge the two together and You ’ ll either have a drop - down menu to select your router ’ s mode or a Wireless Repeater checkbox . Your router should default to AP ( access point ) mode , so change it to Wireless Repeater or just tick the Wireless Repeater box . ( As previously noted , in some cases you ’ ll need to create a bridge . ) Upon enabling Wireless Repeater mode , you ’ ll need to enter the MAC address of your new router that you noted earlier . Do this and click Apply , Save , or whatever your router ’ s manufacturer named the button that applies your new settings . If creating a bridge , you may need to repeat these steps on your new router . Obviously this process gets a little convoluted due to how some manufacturers chose to label certain features . To quickly summarize , you only need to enable Wireless Repeater mode , enter the MAC address of the new / primary router , and save your settings to boost your signal . It ’ s all pretty easy once you know where to look . Turn Your Router into a Repeater with Custom Firmware Not all routers support repeating a wireless signal out of the box . As a result , you need to utilize custom firmware . Check DD - WRT ’ s router database to make sure it supports your router and follow these steps to get the job done : Install the DD - WRT custom firmware on your router . For the most part , you just need to find a compatible version on one of the aforementioned sites and upload it to your router the same way you would with an official firmware update . Some firmware packages require a few extra steps , however , so make sure you read the instructions that come with your specific custom firmware . If you do n ’ t , you risk bricking your router . If you need more help , we have an in - depth DD - WRT guide to walk you through the process . With DD - WRT installed , load up the admin page ( likely at http : / / 192 . 168 . 1 . 1 or your router ’ s default address , as specific in its manual ) . Select Basic Settings ( if necessary ) and locate the Wireless Mode drop - down menu . Select " Repeater " from the list ( or " Repeater Bridge " if you know what you ' re doing and plan to repeat the signal and create a network bridge ) . Change the Wireless Network Name ( SSID ) to the exact same SSID as your primary router . Click Save . The page will reload and you ' ll see the Virtual Interfaces section at the bottom . Click the Add button underneath . Enter a new and different SSID ( e.g. Router Repeater ) — not one already in use — and click Save . Visit the Wireless Security sub - tab and you ' ll see the two interfaces you just saw in the last tab : the hardware interface and the virtual one you just created . In the physical section , fill out the exact same settings as your primary router . You need to use the same security method , the same password — all of it . Do the exact same thing for the virtual interface . Click the Setup tab up top , then the Basic Setup sub - tab if not selected by default . Scroll down to the Network Setup section . Change your local IP address to something other than the local IP address of your primary router . For example , if your primary router ' s local IP address is 192 . 168 . 1 . 1 , make your old router ' s ( the repeater ' s ) 192 . 168 . 2 . 1 ( or something along those lines ) . Basically , change that third number Click the Security tab and then the Firewall section if not already selected by default . Disable the SPI Firewall and uncheck all the boxes in Block WAN Requests if they do n ' t get disabled automatically . Click Save , then click Apply Settings . Once it finishes rebooting , you can connect to it and enjoy the benefits of a repeated signal . How to Supercharge Your Router with DD - WRT Few routers utilize their full potential out of the box because their firmware limits their … Read more Although a fairly in - depth process , setting up a repeater should n ’ t take more than 5 - 10 minutes if you have all your information read . But what about using something other than DD - WRT ? Our friends over at How - To Geek have a guide on creating a repeater with Tomato , but it ’ s more of a workaround as Tomato does n ’ t support this functionality explicitly . OpenWRT seems to have a similar , simpler option but we do n ’ t have a compatible router to test it with . Nevertheless , if you want to give it a try instead of using Tomato or DD - WRT this video demonstrates the process When Old Hardware Wo n ’ t Do Sometimes you need faster speeds or your old hardware just does n ’ t work very well anymore . In those cases , you can pick up some wireless - repeating tools without breaking the bank . Here are a few options that work well when you need to carry your wireless signal farther but ca n ’ t implement a DIY solution : TP - Link Wireless N150 : About the size of an Airport Express , it provides 802.11n speeds , works in all kinds of modes ( including repeater mode ) , and fits in a shirt pocket . Satechi Wireless Multifunction Router : Same 802.11n speeds , same repeating options , smaller size . ASUS RT - AC66U : If you need 802.11ac speeds and have a long range to cover , this router might even handle the task on its own . If not , you can pick up another and put it into a built - in bridge mode that automatically repeats the signal . TP - Link Wireless N150 Mini Pocket Router Is a Great , Super - Cheap Alternative to the Airport Express The Apple Airport Express , back when it was a cube you plugged into the wall , made for a great … Satechi Wireless Multifunction Mini Router Solves Many Wireless Internet Needs with a Tiny Footprint We love our pocket routers , because they ' re great for both travel and home use . The Satechi … Obviously you ’ ll save a lot more money if you stick with 802.11n , but if you need to buy new hardware for repeating a signal these options will do the trick . If you need more than just a repeater , check out our Top 10 Ways to Boost Your Wi - Fi Signal for additional options . The 10 Best Ways to Boost Your Home Wifi Wifi is one of the most important developments in the evolution of the internet — no one wants to be … Share This Story
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"Wi-Fi ’s signal",
"Old Router",
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http://lifehacker.com/is-it-bad-to-stay-at-one-company-for-very-long-1295782130
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Is It Bad to Stay at One Company for Very Long ? Melanie Pinola 9 / 12 / 13 1 : 00pm Filed to : ask lifehacker 86 7 Dear Lifehacker , I ' ve heard it ' s bad to have several short - lived jobs , but what about staying at the same company for a very long time ? Does that look bad on my resume , and , if so , how long is too long to stay at any one job ? Signed , Company Cutoff Point Dear CCP , Back in the day , it was considered a sign of loyalty and longevity to stick with one employer for decades and then retire ( maybe with a fat pension or a gold watch in return ) . With today ' s job environment , that ' s no longer a viable option for many of us . How long you stay at a company can still say much about you as a potential employee , however : Stay too short a time at several jobs and you ' ll be deemed a job hopper ; too long , and you might be considered unmotivated or set in your ways . I talked to a couple of career experts for advice on this part of your career planning , and this is what they had to say . Staying at the One Company Without Advancing Could Cost You Advertisement Most people change jobs for better opportunities : a higher salary , more benefits , and / or a better title with more challenging work . You can often get that in the same company through promotions , but in this era of raise freezes and " you ' re lucky you even have a job " mentality , advancement does n ' t always happen and we might end up stagnant in the same position for years because of the job security . Switching jobs may be the clearest way to get a higher salary and boost your future earning potential . Research suggests you could earn 18 to 20 percent more as an external hire than through moving up in a company via a promotion . The other thing to consider is how old you are . In LearnVest ' s profiles of workers who have stayed put for many years , the financial advice site notes that salaries tend to hit their plateau when people are in their forties — and finding a new opportunity gets harder past the age of 45 . That means if you ' re approaching forty , the next few years could be the best time to go for a higher paying , higher position job . Advertisement Finally , besides losing earning potential , not advancing can also affect how hiring managers look at you . LearnVest says : There ’ s a point at which staying too long at one job — around eight to 10 years — can raise questions about how a professional will adapt to a new environment . Marketability Is More Important Than Time on the Job There ' s no hard and fast " time cap " for when you , as an individual , should jump ship , however . Length of employment at previous jobs is only one part of your career picture . As long as you ' re advancing your skills , can show you are great at adapting to new situations , and keep building a solid professional network , there is n ' t a " too long " limit . How to Skip the Sleaze and Build a Real Professional Network You ' ve heard it before : " It ' s not what you know , it ' s who you know . " Of … Read more In fact , staying for ten years or more on a job can also be a positive thing , if you ' ve gained seniority and leadership opportunities and have more say in the company . It might say to potential employers that you ' re dependable and loyal — two qualities employers love . IT recruiter Joe Shelton says the key is to stay up - to - date [ emphasis mine ] : I do n ' t think there is a timeframe that is too long to stay in a job . The key is staying up to date in your area of expertise and networking with people in the field . I have seen job seekers that were let go after 20 years and where basically on an island in their fields and they had a really hard time finding a job . On the other end I have seen people who had been in their jobs over a decade who had stayed on top of changes and maintained a great If you ' re happy at your job there is no reason to leave because you ' ve been there too long , just make sure you are keeping yourself and your skills marketable . Executive search consultant and executive resume writer Donna Svei of AvidCareerist adds [ emphasis mine ] : The better question is probably how long is too long to work for the same boss . Every time you have a manager change you have a significant culture change you have to adapt to . If someone has been at the same company for more than seven years they should find a way to signal their adaptability on their resume . It might be mentioning their different reporting relationships , participation in a joint venture , leadership of , or participation in , a significant change initiative , etc . You need to show that you know how to enter a new culture and operate successfully in it . Whether you ' re thinking of looking for a new job or not , it pays to continue your own learning and development and look for ways you can grow in your current work . Continue Your Own Learning and Development When you work from home or as a freelancer , one aspect of business life you may be giving up is … Read more Job Hopping Might Even Be Okay While we ' re on the subject , staying too short a time at one job also sometimes carries a stigma . As career expert Penelope Trunk notes , however , job hopping can actually be good for your career — to maintain your passion , build a network faster , keep challenges fresh , and find what it is you should be doing with your life . With more young people switching jobs every couple of years and more millennials getting into management and hiring positions , job hopping might not be as bad as it was once considered . ( The average employee stays at a job for 4.4 years , but for younger workers , it ' s about half that , according to the Bureau of Labor Department . ) How to Pick a Career You Actually Like Most career problems stem from the fact that we are terrible at picking jobs . We think we are … So how many jobs is considered too many by some recruiters ? The answer , according to the Personal Branding Blog ' s Richard Kirby , may be " more than two jobs in the last five years or more than four in the last ten years . " ( Apparently , recruiters and hiring managers assign a sort of " employment date code " to job seekers ' employment histories . ) Of course , this all depends on the culture of the company , your hiring manager ' s perspective , and what ' s normal for your industry . Shelton says : As far as short job stints , you really do n ' t want to have too many jobs that lasted less than a year , it throws up red flags . However , it all depends on the person you are talking to , some baby boomer managers think anything less than five years is job hopping . But as the Gen Yrs become managers , one to three years at one place is n ' t generally frowned upon . In the end , when looking for a new job , the advice for job hoppers and long - time employees seems to be the same : Position and explain your career history in a way that sounds good to the company and puts you in the best light . If you have a series of short jobs , string them together to show your focus and accomplishments . If you ' ve been loyal to one place , show how you ' ve evolved and continue to keep growing . As with other job searching situations , it ' the story you tell about your work Improve Your Job Interviews with Better Storytelling Storytelling not only activates our brains , it ' s an essential skill for presentations , … Love , Lifehacker Photos by David Blackwell Stephen Cobern ( Shutterstock ) , PublicDomainPictures Share This Story
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"job environment",
"loyalty",
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http://lifehacker.com/manually-adjust-netflix-streaming-options-with-hidden-s-950615894
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Manually Adjust Netflix Streaming Options With Hidden Settings Eric Ravenscraft 7 / 29 / 13 1 : 30pm Filed to : netflix 88 12 If you have a decent connection , Netflix does a pretty good job of automatically calibrating streaming options . However , for slower connections , you can choose to lower the streaming rate with a secret settings menu . While streaming a video , you can access a hidden menu by pressing Shift + Alt + Left Click ( Shift + Option + Click on a Mac ) . Under " Stream Manager " you can manually adjust the bandwidth usage . If you ' re having trouble with constant buffering , you can adjust it . There is also an option to adjust audio / video sync in the rare event that dialogue is n ' t lining up with the actors . As we ' ve previously covered , you can also access this menu on consoles using a Konami - esque code Access the Secret Netflix Debug Menu on the Xbox 360 and PS3 to Swap Accounts , See Stats , and More The Netflix app on the PS3 and Xbox 360 is great , but you ca n ' t easily change accounts without … Read more While watching Netflix ( Instant Play ) hold down Shift + Alt and click on the screen to access buffering settings | Reddit Share This Story
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[
"Netflix Streaming",
"Stream Manager"
] |
http://lifehacker.com/pandora-one-is-raising-price-to-4-99-a-month-ditching-1547041836
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Pandora One Is Raising Price to $ 4.99 a Month , Ditching Annual Option Alan Henry 3 / 19 / 14 7 : 45am Filed to : pandora 63 3 Pandora , one of our favorite streaming music services , announced today they will raise the monthly price for Pandora One to $ 4.99 / month ( from $ 3.99 / mo ) for new subscribers , and that they will eliminate their annual subscription option entirely . Five Best Streaming Music Services If you ’ re looking for something good to listen to , you have tons of services , both free and paid … Read more Pandora announced the changes in a blog post this morning . Here ' s the major takeaway : In order to continue to provide an ad - free listening option , we are implementing some changes to the way we price Pandora One , including a modest price increase for new Pandora One subscriptions : Existing Pandora One monthly subscribers that remain active will not experience a price increase at this time and will continue to pay $ 3.99 per month . For new subscribers , the subscription price will change to $ 4.99 per month starting in May . Existing annual subscribers that remain active will migrate to a discounted loyalty price of $ 3.99 per month at their next renewal period . We are ending the annual subscription option . Beginning this week , annual subscribers approaching their renewal date will be notified as the update is applied to their subscription . Monthly pricing for new subscribers will take effect in May , allowing time for new subscribers to take advantage of discounted loyalty pricing if they subscribe before then . Advertisement So current subscribers will get to hold on to $ 3.99 / mo and new subscribers will have to pay the $ 4.99 / mo price starting in May . If you ' ve been holding off on Pandora One , now ' s a good time to get in on it and lock in the lower monthly rate . Anyone paying annually for Pandora One will get a price hike though . Pandora One used to be $ 36 / yr , but the " discounted loyalty price " still represents a price hike to about $ 48 / Pandora says the changes will impact only a small number of its listeners , and blames higher royalty rates and payments to record labels and industry agencies for the price increase . Hit the link below to read their full blog post . Pandora One Subscription Changes | Pandora Blog Advertisement Share This Story
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[
"Pandora"
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http://lifehacker.com/spotify-can-now-sync-all-your-music-for-offline-listeni-1584793314
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Spotify Can Now Sync All Your Music for Offline Listening in One Tap Whitson Gordon 6 / 02 / 14 12 : 00pm Filed to : updates 13 2 If you ' re a Spotify premium subscriber , you probably know that you can sync individual playlists for offline listening . As of today , you can sync your entire library in one tap . This feature became available on Android recently , and is available on iOS with the latest update . Just head to the " Songs " tab and tap the Available Offline button — Spotify will sync up to 3,333 songs , and they ' ll be available offline for 30 days . The feature is for premium users only . Spotify Lets You Take All of Your Tracks Offline with Just One Button | Engadget Share This Story
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[
"Spotify",
"Music"
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http://lifehacker.com/study-shows-playing-video-games-really-can-make-your-br-1459504489
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Study Shows Playing Video Games Really Can Make Your Brain Bigger Melanie Pinola 11 / 06 / 13 1 : 30pm Filed to : health 58 16 Previous research on whether playing video games can make us smarter has been mixed , but a new study demonstrates a very tangible effect of playing video games : Parts of the brain can get bigger . In particular , playing Super Mario 64 for 30 minutes a day over two months increased adult volunteers ’ brain volume in their right hippocampus , the right prefrontal cortex , and the cerebellum . These regions in the brain are responsible for memory formation , strategic planning , muscle control , and spatial navigation . The researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Charité University Medicine St . Hedwig - Krankenhaus measured the volunteers ’ brains via MRI and compared them with a control group that did n ’ t play video games . They found “ significant gray matter increase ” among the gamers and theorize that playing video games could be useful to treat brain disorders : The presented video game training could therefore be used to counteract known risk factors for mental disease such as smaller hippocampus and prefrontal cortex volume in , for example , post - traumatic stress disorder , schizophrenia and neurodegenerative disease . While researchers are mixed on whether a bigger brain necessarily means you ’ re smarter , the size of certain areas of the brain can be significant . ( Discovery points to Albert Einstein ’ s average - sized brain with the parts connected to mathematical thinking larger than usual . ) Increased gray matter has been positively correlated with better memory , and decreased gray matter correlated with things like bipolar disorder and dementia . Advertisement Especially interesting in this study : the volunteers who said they enjoyed playing the video games had even higher increased gray matter . ( Also , as Kotaku has reported , the size of certain parts of your brain may be related to how good you are at playing video games . It all makes sense now ! ) Study : Brain Size And Gaming Ability Related How good you are at video games could be related to the size of certain parts of your brain , … Read more In any case , this may be just more supporting evidence that playing video games can be beneficial for more than just entertainment Advertisement In Defense of Video Games : More Than Just an Entertaining Time Sink Many of us at Lifehacker are big fans of video games . Our esteemed Editor - in - Chief , however , is … Read more Playing Super Mario induces structural brain plasticity : gray matter changes resulting from training with a commercial video game ( Abstract ) | Molecular Psychiatry via Quartz Photo by Tom Newby Photography Share This Story
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[
"Playing Video Games",
"Brain Bigger"
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http://lifehacker.com/what-do-i-do-when-someone-has-a-domain-name-i-want-1550716320
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What Do I Do When Someone Has a Domain Name I Want ? Walter Glenn 3 / 25 / 14 1 : 00pm Filed to : Ask Lifehacker 82 4 Dear Lifehacker , I ' d really like to register the domain name for my last name , but it ' s already taken . The frustrating part is that the person who owns the domain name does n ' t seem to be doing anything with it . Is there anything I can do ? Sincerely , That ' s My Name ! Dear TMN , It is frustrating when you think of the perfect domain name and then find out it ' s already taken , especially if the owner does n ' t seem to be using it . Sometimes , they may even be " squatting " on these domain names hoping to make a quick buck off of you , the person that wants to buy it . Unless there ' s a trademark issue involved , though , you ca n ' t really force someone to give up a domain name they own . But there are some things you can do . Decide Whether a Different Domain Name Will Work This may not be the suggestion you want to hear , but your first step should be figuring out whether you really need that particular domain name . Your first option here would be to see whether other domain suffixes are available , like .org , .net , or .me . But in all honesty , .com is kind of where it ' s at , especially if you want people to remember the name . So you may be better off changing what comes before the dot than what comes after . Though they may sound a bit silly at first blush , you could incorporate the name you want into a slightly different name . For example , instead of yourname . com , you could go with something like : the yourname . com thereal yourname . com yourname online .com You just want to make it something easy to remember and easy to spell , so avoid inserting hyphens or using clever misspellings that no one will think to type . Advertisement Find Out Who Owns The Name You Want If you ' re really set on that one domain name , the first step in trying to get it is to find out who owns it . Fortunately , that ' s usually pretty easy to come by using a service called Whois . Many registrars offer the service , so if you ' re already looking up the name at the registrar of your choice the information might just be a click away . Advertisement Other sites also offer whois lookup and you can find them with a quick search . Network Solutions is pretty reliable . Type in the full domain name , and get that domain ' s public information . When a domain name is registered , the purchaser has to enter email addresses for the registrant , admin , and tech contacts . Often , they ' re all the same address and you may find that the address is for a domain holding company , but at least you ' ve got a place to start . Make an Offer to Buy the Name After you ' ve found the owner of the domain name ( or at least an email address ) , the next step is making contact . How you go about this is up to you , but here are a few things to keep in mind : Even if there ' s no actual web site at the address , the registrant might be using it for other purposes , like for email addresses . In your initial contact , you might want to avoid telling them they should sell it to you because they ' re not using it . If you do n ' t feel comfortable making an offer right off the bat , just ask them if they ' d consider selling it . Let them know it ' s a name you ' d like to have , but keep your interest fairly casual . Expect ridiculous prices . People often overestimate the value of domain names they hold . Make a counter offer . Haggle if you want to . But just be ready for them not to come down on the price much . Also , keep in mind that if it ' s a pretty common name , they may be justified in expecting a higher price and they ' ve likely had offers already . Unfortunately , there ' s no way to really gauge what a domain name is worth . It ' s all about the demand . Monitor the Name in Case It Expires If you ' re unable to contact the registrant or they just set too high a price , your last option is just to wait for the domain to expire ( if the registrant lets it expire ) and try to register it yourself . That can get a bit tricky , though . When a domain name expires , the registrant is usually sent a bunch of e - mails warning them about it first . If they let it expire , most registrars allow them 30 - 45 days after registration to renew it . Even then , some registrars will make the name available for general registration and some will put it up for auction . It just depends on the registrar . Many registrars offer a monitoring service that you can use to keep an eye on domains and be alerted when they expire . Some , like sedo , even offer brokerage services that will attempt to purchase domain names on your behalf . And the fee will vary depending on the price at which they acquire the name , if they can . In all , monitoring a domain for expiry can certainly work , but it is n ' t something you can count on . And it is n ' t something that ' s likely to happen quickly , so if you need to get your web site out there , our best advice is to bite the bullet and see if you ca n ' t come up with a different name . Good luck , Lifehacker Photos by Alexander Supertramp ( Shutterstock ) and Erin Nekervis Share This Story
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[
"Domain Name"
] |
http://lifehacker.com/whats-the-best-credit-union-1655248125
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What ' s The Best Credit Union ? Alan Henry 11 / 06 / 14 8 : 00am Filed to : hive five call for contenders 66 3 If you ' re looking for a better place to put your money than a big bank , a credit union is an excellent option . In most cases they offer better service , lower fees , and better rates on everything from loans and mortgages to savings accounts and CDs . This week , we want to know which ones you think are the best . We ' ve talked about why you should consider a credit union over a bank , then walked you through how to switch , and even how to address the annoyances that come with credit unions specifically . What we have n ' t done is see which credit unions you guys think are the best . Let ' s try to keep the discussion to credit unions that are either open to the public or easy to join . Share your nominations in the discussions below ! Why Choose a Credit Union Over a Bank With major instability in banking and unprecedented failures and buy - outs , it may feel like the … Read more The call for contenders is closed ! To see which of your nominees got enough support to get to the top five , head over to our Hive Five feature , the five best credit unions . Do n ' t forget to cast your vote for the all - out winner ! Five Best Credit Unions If you ' re looking for a better place to put your money , a credit union is a good option over a … Read more Advertisement Let ' s hear your vote in the discussions below ! To cast your vote , follow these guidelines : Follow this format for your vote , including the bold print . If you do n ' t , it wo n ' t be counted : A LOGO OR SCREENSHOT OF THE BEST CREDIT UNION Vote : [ BEST CREDIT UNION ] Why : Why is this credit union the one you think is the best , or would recommend to others ? Maybe it ' s open to the public , or it offers the best rates on loans or mortgages . Maybe it offers great interest in your savings and investments . Make your case ! Do n ' t duplicate nominations ! Instead , if someone ' s nominated your pick , star ( recommend ) it to give it a boost , and reply with your story instead . Please do n ' t leave non - entry , direct comments on this post . They ' ll just get pushed down . Save your stories for others ' submissions ! Advertisement If you ' re not sure what we mean , just check out the nominations by our writers below . We ' ll give you a head start , and they should all be in the proper format , so you can just follow our lead . The Hive Five is our weekly series where you vote on your favorite apps and tools for any given job . Have a suggestion for a topic ? Send us an email at tips + hivefive @ lifehacker . com Photo by Lending Memo Share This Story
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[
"Credit Union"
] |
http://lifehacker.com/why-you-should-keep-a-journal-and-how-to-start-yours-1547057185
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Why You Should Keep a Journal ( and How to Start Yours ) Alan Henry 3 / 19 / 14 11 : 00am Filed to : writing 87 60 Some of the most influential people in history kept detailed journals of their lives . Those journals served two purposes : a permanent record for posterity , and cathartic release for the people writing them . Even if you do n ' t think you need either , keeping a journal has great benefits you can enjoy immediately . Here ' s why you might want to sit down regularly to jot down your thoughts . Even if you do n ' t think there ' ll ever be a documentary that uses your journal for flavor commentary , there are plenty of reasons to keep one for yourself . Maybe you want to leave something behind for your children that tells your story and what you accomplished . Maybe you ' re more practical , and want a way to harness your creativity . Maybe you just want the cathartic release that comes with regular writing . Whatever it is , these are all great reasons . Let ' s look at each one , Regular Writing has Mental Health Benefits Writing can do wonders for your health . Beyond keeping your creative juices flowing — a separate topic we ' ll get to shortly — regular writing can give you a safe , cathartic release valve for the stresses of your daily life . We ' ve discussed some of those mental and emotional benefits of writing before , from the angle of creative writing — but you do n ' t have to write fiction to get them . For example , we ' ve mentioned that keeping an awesomeness journal can do wonders for your self - esteem . Not only does regular writing make you feel good , it helps you re - live the events you experienced in a safe environment where you can process them without fear or stress . Advertisement Harness the Mental , Creative , and Emotional Benefits of Regular Writing Today is the first day of National Novel Writing Month ( NaNoWriMo ) , where thousands of people … Read more In fact , there ' s so much data about the mental and emotional benefits of journaling that counselors , social workers , and therapists often encourage their patients to do it . This study from the journal Advances in Psychiatric Treatment is a great experiment , and a solid summary of current research on the topic . In the piece , the researchers noted that 15 – 20 minutes on 3 – 5 occasions was enough to help the study participants deal with traumatic , stressful , or otherwise emotional events . It ' s been specifically effective in people with severe illnesses , like cancer , for example . In fact , the practice is so well regarded , there ' s a Center for Journal Therapy dedicated to the mental health benefits of regular journaling , both in therapeutic and personal settings . It ' s not just what you write about though . How you write plays a role as well . This University of Iowa study showed that journaling about stressful events helped participants deal with the events they experienced . The key , however , was to focus on what you were thinking and feeling as opposed to your emotions alone . In short , you get the best benefits of journaling when you ' re telling your personal story , not just writing about your feelings on their own . It ' s a great example of how telling your own personal story can make a huge difference in your well being . Advertisement Keeping a Journal Helps Harness Your Creativity The creative benefits of keeping a journal are also well documented . You ' ve likely heard that the best way to get better at writing is to just keep doing it . That ' s true , but the benefits go deeper than just crafting better sentences . For example , regular writing can help you learn to process and communicate complex ideas effectively . It can also help you memorize important information , and brainstorm new ideas . In other words , writing about your experiences not only helps you process them , it helps you see opportunities that may not have been apparent at first glance . It also helps you learn to break down complex experiences into relevant , useful bits of information organized coherently . Even if you do n ' t think anything special has happened to you , the very act of keeping a journal can help you brainstorm . How often have you caught yourself writing about something that seems dull on the surface , but led you to a spiderweb of other thoughts , ideas , and memories as you were processing it ? Regular writing opens the door to those opportunities every time you sit down . Even If You Do n ' t Do Creative Work , Regular Writing Has Practical Benefits Regular writing can be functional , too , and serve as a reminder of mistakes you ' ve made , accomplishments you ' re proud of , and great moments you want to remember . For example , keeping a work diary can serve as a track record of mistakes and successes . That written record can come in handy later when you ' re feeling down , but they can also help you right your personal ship when you ' re feeling lost . Pick up your work diary and look back over the things you did really well with — you may be able to pick out a pattern of things you want to follow , career - wise . Similarly , those achievements and awesome moments do n ' t just boost your self - esteem , they give you great justification for a raise or promotion when it comes time to talk to the boss about an increase . You do n ' t have to be a creative worker to appreciate looking back over the things you did well , and the things you need to work on . Seeing your own mistakes before they ' re pointed out to you is a great thing , and documenting your achievements makes sure they ' re never overlooked . Keep a Work Diary to Minimize Mistakes and Document Successes A diary or log of the day ' s events at the office can provide a valuable record of the things … Read more Regular writing can apply to more than just work , too . Keeping a journal is a great way to build better habits , as it forces you to be aware of your actions and behaviors . If you ' re looking to watch what you eat , keeping a food diary is a great way to stay paying closer attention — one that ' s been proven to help people eat more healthfully . Similarly , just writing down positive things that happened to you or tracking your mood can help you identify good patterns in your life that are repeatable that you should make time for — not to mention things that make you feel bad or throw you off your game that should be eliminated . Keep a Daily Food Diary to Track Your Diet , Lose Weight , and Build Healthy Habits More than a few studies have shown that people who actually keep track of what they eat on paper , … Which Medium You Should Choose , and Why Once you ' ve decided to keep a journal , your next decision is the medium to use for it . You have plenty of options , and what works for one person wo n ' t work for another . You have to choose the one that works best for you . Here are a few options : Paper Notebooks If you love the feeling of physically writing down your thoughts , a paper notebook may be the best option for you . There ' s really nothing like setting pen to paper , and we even have some paper notebook suggestions to get you started . Keeping a paper journal gives you total physical control over your writing , and it gives you the most privacy , since there ' s little chance of your journal being " hacked " or " lost " when a service shuts down or is compromised . However , paper journaling means you do n ' t have backups in case something happens to your work — theft , fire , or just a lost backpack means your journal is gone forever . Five Best Paper Notebooks Sometimes a glowing screen ca n ’ t replace the feel and flexibility of old fashioned pen and paper . … If you do n ' t want just a plain empty notebook , the Bullet Journal productivity method fits in nicely if you ' re already using your paper notebook for to - dos and notes , and the previously mentioned Sorta has unique notebooks with removable pages . If you ' re afraid you ' re too busy to journal , consider the Five - Minute Journal , a paper notebook that ' s sets you up with a motivational quote , then gives you daily writing prompts to fill out like " Today I ' m grateful for , " " What would make today great ? " and " 3 Great Things that happened today . " The Bullet Journal Productivity Method Empowers Your Paper Notebook If pen and paper are your favorite tools , or at least are the ones you ’ re most comfortable using to … Journaling and Diary Apps If you just ca n ' t separate yourself from your phone or laptop , there are plenty of apps that promise privacy and security as well as a great writing environment . We ' ve featured a few before , but some of the stand - outs include Penzu , an all - online private journaling webapp with mobile apps , and Day One , a good looking iOS / OS X app that ' s location - aware , lets you add photos , and more . If you prefer free and open - source , try RedNotebook . It ' s a fantastic wiki - style journaling tool that ' s cross - platform . How Can I Keep a Personal , Private Journal Online ? Dear Lifehacker , You ' ve talked about keeping a work diary and an awesomeness journal , and … Of course , you do n ' t have to use apps at all . You could just keep an encrypted text file in Dropbox , use Evernote or Google Keep , or any other note - taking app you prefer . You can even roll your own custom journaling system with whatever tools you prefer , but keep in mind that the more you automate the process , the less you ' re actually journaling , so you do n ' t get quite the same benefits . Roll an Automatic Journal with IFTTT , Drafts , Instagram , and Dropbox Journaling is hard to keep up with , but if you want to keep a personal diary of places you ' ve … Blogging Blogging is another great way to get the benefits of journaling , regardless of whether you get started to make a name for yourself , or to just get your thoughts and feelings out in the open . Keeping a blog opens the door to the widest possible audience , but it comes with the sacrifice of privacy . If that ' s your preferred route , you have a wide array of tools and hosts to choose from , both free and paid . We ' ve walked you through some of the most popular blogging platforms , and even introduces some of the new contenders you may have heard of . All of them offer different looks , cater to different audiences , and are designed for different kinds of people . Whatever you choose , keeping a personal blog may not come with writing prompts or fancy mobile apps ( although some do ) , but they can come with community , and option to share your story with the world . Which Blogging Platform Should I Use ? Dear Lifehacker , I want to start a new blog , but I ' m not sure which platform is best for me . … However you choose to keep your journal , there are clear benefits to doing it . You do n ' t have to be Kurt Cobain , Isaac Newton , Abraham Lincoln , Andy Warhol , Leonardo Da Vinci , or any other famous artist , creative , politician , scientist , or famous figure for your thoughts and experiences to be worthwhile . In every case , they can be a huge benefit to you , personally , and enlightening for anyone you choose to share them with . Title photo made using Oliver Hoffman ( Shutterstock ) . Other photos by Laurelville Mennonite Church Center Joel Montes de Oca loppear JimileeK Day One , and Chris Booth Share This Story
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[
"journals",
"Mental Health Benefits"
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http://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/6175/how-to-jump-start-a-car-without-another-car
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How to jump start a car without another car Ask Question 29 8 There have been a few times when my car battery has died . Luckily , there has always been another car around to jump start me . I ' ve always been scared that there will be a time when my battery dies and there is no one around to jump start me . How can I jump start my car without another car ? I have jumper cables in my trunk , but is there anything else that I should carry if I want to jump start my car alone ? car electricity share improve this question edited Mar 19 ' 15 at 9 : 05 MrPhooky 4,781 19 41 79 asked Mar 16 ' 15 at 13 : 04 michaelpri ♦ 8,158 19 52 113 This link from a comment may be useful for future answers . Shokhet Apr 3 ' 15 at 21 : 08 add a comment 8 Answers active oldest votes 38 Depending on how low your battery is , there is a way to start a car if you have a manual transmission , and that is to push - start the car . Follow this procedure : Set the ignition ( / key ) to the drive - position , i.e. the normal position it is in when driving Put the car in 2nd gear , and hit the clutch and hold it Get someone to push / pull the car so that you have a little speed on the car Release the clutch swiftly , and the car will most likely start If the car is moving too slowly , it will not work , but you do n ' t really need to have a lot of speed either . It can also be done whilst in reverse , but it ' s a little trickier to steer and handle car then . Please do use 2nd gear and the clutch pushed in . It ' s a lot harder to start if in 1st gear , or if the car is in gear ! I have followed this procedure a lot of times with success , but mainly on slightly old cars . share improve this answer edited Mar 17 ' 15 at 16 : 50 vladiz 4,486 6 27 55 answered Mar 16 ' 15 at 13 : 55 holroy 6,431 1 14 42 7 Remember that in modern cars , there is a risk of the unburnt fuel igniting on the catalyst and damaging it . This can cause the catalyst to stop doing its job . Your emissions will get worse and eventually you can lose the certification . yo ' Mar 16 ' 15 at 16 : 05 2 Slight variation : put the car in neutral and do the pushing yourself . Once the car is up to speed , jump in ; press clutch , put in second , release clutch . Floris Mar 16 ' 15 at 19 : 43 4 Strictly this is ' bump starting ' not ' jump starting ' . Pete Kirkham Mar 17 ' 15 at 11 : 03 5 @ Floris : " Slight variation : put the car in neutral and do the pushing yourself . Once the car is up to speed , jump in ; press clutch , put in second , release clutch . " This is the worst thing you can do , always get someone ' s help ! Otherwise you wo n ' t be able to create enough speed and steer the car securely at the same time . If you are outside the car and need to brake you are screwed anyway or if you never tried it , jumping user4599 Mar 18 ' 15 at 2 : 06 2 I have done this on more than one occasion and I ' m still here . You do have to push with the door open and a hand on the wheel . Obviously better to have help . And be nimble on your feet and strong . Not for the unathletic . Floris Mar 18 ' 15 at 2 : 30 show 12 more comments 34 For around $ 100 ( USD ) you can buy a battery pack that is able to jump your car . A quick google search for " jump starter battery pack " will show many options and price ranges . They ' ll often be able to inflate tires , charge phones and other handy utilities too . You clamp it on just like you would a jump start with another car and start , but you might not want to keep them attached too long . I have one that has saved me misery many times , but remember improve this answer answered Mar 16 ' 15 at 16 : 17 alpha1 449 3 4 How is a product suggestion ( which is normally voodoo to everyone ) the top rated answer ? MrPhooky Mar 16 ' 15 at 20 : 02 6 @ MrPhooky Because it ' s a suggestion for a generic product , not a specific item . Nic Hartley Mar 16 ' 15 at 20 : 10 13 @ MrPhooky Why do some people on Lifehacks have such a stigma against using simple solutions ? I mean , not every solution has to be a whole Rube Goldberg machine made with paper clips and coffee filters ; sometimes the obvious solution is the best one . For example , I suggested using scissors on a question about untying hard knots , and someone immediately called me out for it for " not being lifehacky enough " . user3932000 Mar 16 ' 15 at 21 : 54 1 @ MrPhooky , I think the key to an answer is that the simplest solution that fits the question should be embraced . If it ' s a dedicated product , so be it . Often - as seems to be the case here - it ' s a product that many folks , including the author , did n ' t know existed . Jaydles Mar 18 ' 15 at 17 : 18 add a comment 17 If your battery is getting old and nearing replacement time , you can use a simple trick ( provided you have a wet battery that can be opened from the top ) involving just two aspirin tablets which are commonly available and used for treating fever and pains . Pop the hood of your car Unscrew the filler caps for each cell Note that opening a battery is dangerous so only do it if you are comfortable with the risks and know what you are doing . Divide the two tablets into equal amounts to be put in each cell ( make sure every hole gets a piece of aspirin ) Close up all the filler caps and shut the hood Immediately start your car , do n ' t stand around admiring the scenery . The car should now have enough juice for one more start . Note : This method can seriously effect the lifetime of the battery , so if it is a new battery and it has simply just run out of charge , avoid using this method . As mentioned this should be used for old and dying batteries so you should head to a garage to get it replaced as soon as possible . Mar 3 ' 17 at 15 : 58 a CVn 136 8 Mar 16 ' 15 at 13 : 26 4,781 41 79 12 Opening the battery is DANGEROUS Mooseman ♦ Mar 16 ' 15 at 13 : 58 10 @ Mooseman - dangerous ? if it ' s the type that you can open , you are supposed to open it to top it up with distilled water from time to time . peterG Mar 16 ' 15 at 23 : 08 3 Opening a battery to top up the water used to be routine slebetman Mar 18 ' 15 at 4 : 36 Upvote because this one is the only one that seems like a life hack , instead of generally useful skill or set of knowledge . agweber Mar 18 ' 15 at 13 : 50 I agree with @ agweber . That comment inspired me to do some simple googling which revealed the ultimate cache of lifehack answers to this question : archive . makezine . com / extras / 6 . html R . . Mar 18 ' 15 at 21 : 09 show more comments 10 Some additional methods : Push - start with nowhere to push Got a manual transmission you could push - start but nowhere to push it ? This works if you ' re parallel parked or do n ' t have suitable terrain to push - start . You do need sufficient battery charge to power the ECU / coils / injectors though . Jack up one of the drive wheels off the ground , put the car in 4th or 5th gear and the key in the ignition position , and turn the jacked - up wheel by hand to turn over the engine . If turning it by the tire Safety notes : Make sure you have the parking brake firmly engaged and also have a secondary method of blocking the non - drive wheels from moving . If using the wrench method , it must be a ratchet or once the engine takes over it will turn your wrench into a projectile ! Trickle charge with an electronic device ' s AC adapter Got a laptop charger or other device with 13 - 15v output ? Hook it up to the battery terminals for a half hour or so and , if the battery is in decent condition , you ' ll probably get enough charge to start . Not useful without AC outlets nearby though , but I ' ve used this method successfully before at home . It can also be combined with the above method if you do n ' t have sufficient battery charge to power the ignition system . Mar 16 ' 15 at 16 : 56 R . . 280 5 Love the idea of the hand - crank method ! Mar 16 ' 15 at 19 : 42 Depending on make and model it might be the case that the paring brake blocks the drive wheels as well , I suppose . Hagen von Eitzen Mar 16 ' 15 at 22 : 14 @ HagenvonEitzen : Yes , good point . I ' m used to front - wheel - drive vehicles . If it ' s rear - wheel or if the parking brake affects all four wheels , you should either use another method of preventing the non - drive wheels from moving , or just refrain from using this method . Mar 16 ' 15 at 22 : 17 If you have a charged battery lying around you can jump start a car off that . Attach the jump leads as you would to a battery in another vehicle . You probably wo n ' t get many starts off this battery before it goes flat . Of course it would make more sense to put the charged battery in your car , if it fits . Mar 16 ' 15 at 16 : 46 user3347392 11 You can push - start a manual transmission car alone ( with no - one to help you push ) if you can push in reverse ( using your back ) to back the car up onto a slight hill . Not too steep otherwise you will not be able to push it up . Long and almost flat is the best . Even up a moderately steep hill , you can push car up one step at a time by your leg and back muscles . Keeping the driver ' s door opened , put transmission into first gear , push the clutch down with your right leg , and push car backwards uphill with your left leg through the opened door ( assuming steering wheel is on the left side of the car ) . When you are tired , disengage clutch and car will stop in the middle of the hill . Repeat until you are far enough uphill so that you have chance to develop enough speed downhill . Then , to start , you put the car into neutral , push the car forward a bit , jump in , wait for a bit speed to develop using gravity , and put it into first gear to start engine ( and pray it works first time so you do n ' t have to repeat ) . If you are in flat area with no hill to back up to , starting in reverse gives you more power : Get into reverse , push clutch with right leg and push thru opened door with left leg to develop some speed , then release clutch to try start engine . Be prepared to press clutch again , because when car starts , will have not enough speed to run ( and might die like when you slow down without engaging the clutch ) . If your batteries are dead because you forgot to turn off lights ( for few hours not days , so battery is not 100 % dead , only nearly dead and has not enough juice to start your car ) : Before starting , turn off the lights and wait an hour or few to let the battery recover . You may also use time to find someone to jump - start car or help you to push : - ) Mar 18 ' 15 at 22 : 44 Mar 17 ' 15 at 13 : 10 Peter M . 119 0 There is a method that works for most manual cars , which simply involves getting the car moving before starting the engine , otherwise knows as a push start - this will work for new batteries without damaging them as the method above would . Two variations of the method which would have the same effect : Get a few people to help push the car , push the clutch all the way down and put it into the second gear ( do not release clutch just yet ) . Begin pushing the car and once it has gathered some speed - pop the clutch and the engine should start , and the car ' s alternator should start charging the battery again . The ignition should be turned to ' on ' . If it does n ' t work initially , keep depressing and releasing the clutch and it should eventually be successful . Park at the top of a hill / incline facing down - make sure you have the emergency brake on . When you return to your car , release the brake and do the same as mentioned in the previous method . - This method does n ' t need people but there is a slight lack of control as your brakes will be less effective with the engine off should this method fail . For both of these variations you only need to be up to a speed of ~ 5 mph ( ~ 8 kph ) before releasing the clutch for it to work - any slower and it will likely fail , faster will still work but has greater risks involved ( i.e. lack of power steering when engine off - child in road , no easy way to swerve , splat . Child pancakes for breakfast . ) Mar 25 ' 15 at 22 : 53 community wiki kenorb 0 The batteries age and their capacity to deliver the proper amount of current decreases , it is most noticeable when the temperature drops . All the drivers that live in areas where the temperature drops to - 20Celsius - in the night - are aware of this . Your local battery shop should have a battery tester to assess the main electrical characteristics of the battery and the charging circuitry on the car . It is worth to do a check on your battery , it might be just as simple as replacing the old battery . Apr 27 ' 15 at 15 : 34 Giorgio Mar 19 ' 15 at 8 : 08 Andrei protected by michaelpri Apr 26 ' 15 at 5 : 05 Thank you for your interest in this question . Because it has attracted low - quality or spam answers that had to be removed , posting an answer now requires 10 reputation on this site ( the association bonus does not count ) . Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead ? Not the answer you ' re looking for ? Browse other questions tagged car electricity or ask your own question
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[
"jump start",
"car battery"
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http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ccc/a-a-gradient/
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Home | CCC | A - a gradient A - a gradient by Dr Chris Nickson , last update March 30 , 2019 OVERVIEW A - a gradient is calculated as PAO2 – PaO2 PAO2 is the ‘ ideal ’ compartment alveolar PO2 determined from the alveolar gas equation PAO2 = PiO2 – PaCO2 / 0.8 A normal A – a gradient for a young adult non - smoker breathing air , is between 5 – 10 mmHg . However , the A – a gradient increases with age ( see limitations ) CLASSIFICATION OF HYPOXIA BASED ON A - a GRADIENT Normal A - a gradient Alveolar hypoventilation ( elevated PACO2 ) Low PiO2 ( FiO2 < 0.21 or barometric pressure < 760 mmHg ) Raised A - a gradient Diffusion defect ( rare ) V / Q mismatch Right - to - Left shunt ( intrapulmonary or cardiac ) Increased O2 extraction ( CaO2 - CvO2 ) LIMITATIONS Gradient varies with age and FiO2 : FiO2 0.21 – 7 mmHg in young , 14 mmHg in elderly FiO2 1.0 – 31 mmHg in young , 56 mmHg in elderly For every decade a person has lived , their A – a gradient is expected to increase by 1 mmHg – a conservative estimate of normal A – a gradient is < [ age in years / 4 ] + 4 . an exaggerated FiO2 dependence in intrapulmonary shunt ( PAO2 vs PAO2 / PaO2 difference diagram with regard to increasing percentage of shunt ) and even more so in V / Q mismatch . Critical Care Compendium … more CCC About Dr Chris Nickson An oslerphile emergency physician and intensivist suffering from a bad case of knowledge dipsosis . Key areas of interest include : the ED - ICU interface , toxicology , simulation and the free open - access meducation ( FOAM ) revolution . @ Twitter | + Chris Nickson | INTENSIVE | SMACC This site uses Akismet to reduce spam . Learn how your comment data is processed
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[
"A-a gradient",
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http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/axis/
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ECG Axis Interpretation by Dr Mike Cadogan , last update March 16 , 2019 ↪ ECG Basics Homepage Axis interpretation using the schematic illustration demonstrates the relationship between QRS axis and the frontal leads of the ECG . Normal Axis = QRS axis between - 30 ° and + 90 ° . Left Axis Deviation = QRS axis less than - 30 ° . Right Axis Deviation = QRS axis greater than + 90 ° . Extreme Axis Deviation = QRS axis between - 90 ° and 180 ° ( AKA “ Northwest Axis ” ) . Methods of ECG Axis Interpretation There are several complementary approaches to estimating QRS axis , which are summarized below : The Quadrant Method – ( Lead I and aVF ) Three Lead analysis – ( Lead I , Lead II and aVF ) Isoelectric Lead analysis Super SAM the Axis Man Method 1 – The Quadrant Method The most efficient way to estimate axis is to look at LEAD I and LEAD aVF Examine the QRS complex in each lead and determine if it is Positive , Isoelectric ( Equiphasic ) or Negative : A positive QRS in Lead I puts the axis in roughly the same direction as lead I . A positive QRS in Lead aVF similarly aligns the axis with lead aVF . Combining both coloured areas – the quadrant of overlap determines the axis . So If Lead I and aVF are both positive , the axis is between 0 ° and + 90 ° ( i.e. normal axis ) . Now estimate the AXIS using the Lead I and aVF – Quadrant Method : AXIS : QRS Positive Lead I – QRS Negative Lead aVF AXIS : QRS Negative Lead I – QRS Positive Lead aVF AXIS : QRS Negative Lead I – QRS Negative Lead aVF Summary Table : Note : * * Possible LAD can be further evaluated using Lead II as detailed in method 2 below … Method 2 : Three Lead analysis – ( Lead I , Lead II and aVF ) Next we add in Lead II to the analysis of Lead I and aVF Lead I puts the axis in roughly the same direction as lead I . similarly aligns the axis with lead II . We can then combine both coloured areas and the area of overlap determines the axis . So If Lead I and II are both positive , the axis is between - 30 ° and + 90 ° ( i.e. normal axis ) . The combined evaluation of Lead I , Lead II and aVF – allows rapid and accurate QRS assessment . The addition of Lead II can help determine pathological LAD from normal axis / physiological LAD Note : Lead III or aVF can be used in three lead analysis Now estimate the AXIS using Three Lead analysis : QRS Positive Lead I – QRS Equiphasic Lead II – QRS Negative Lead aVF QRS Positive Lead I – QRS Negative Lead II – QRS Negative Lead aVF QRS Negative Lead I – QRS Positive Lead II – QRS Positive Lead aVF QRS Negative Lead I – QRS Negative Lead II – QRS Negative Lead aVF Summary Table : Method 3 – The Isoelectric Lead This method allows a more precise estimation of QRS axis , using the axis diagram below . Key Principles If the QRS is POSITIVE in any given lead , the axis points in roughly the same direction as this lead . If the QRS is NEGATIVE in any given lead , the axis points in roughly the opposite direction to this lead . ISOELECTRIC ( equiphasic ) in any given lead ( positive deflection = negative deflection ) , the axis is at 90 ° to this lead . Step 1 : Find the isoelectric lead . The isoelectric ( equiphasic ) lead is the frontal lead with zero net amplitude . This can be either : A biphasic QRS where R wave height = Q or S wave depth . A flat - line QRS with no discernible features . Step 2 : Find the positive leads . Look for the leads with the tallest R waves ( or largest R / S ratios ) Step 3 : Calculate the QRS axis . The QRS axis is at 90 ° to the isoelectric lead , pointing in the direction of the positive leads . This concept can be difficult to understand at first , and is best illustrated by some examples . Example 1 Answer – Lead I , II , aVF Answer – Isoelectric Lead Method Example 2 Answer – Quadrant Method Answer – Isoelectric Lead Method Example 3 Answer – Quadrant Method Example 4 Example 5 Reveal answer Causes of Axis Deviation Right Axis Deviation Right ventricular hypertrophy Acute right ventricular strain , e.g. due to pulmonary embolism Lateral STEMI Chronic lung disease , e.g. COPD Hyperkalaemia Sodium - channel blockade , e.g. TCA poisoning Wolff - Parkinson - White syndrome Dextrocardia Ventricular ectopy Secundum ASD – rSR ’ pattern Normal paediatric ECG Left posterior fascicular block – diagnosis of exclusion Vertically orientated heart – tall , thin patient Left Axis Deviation Left ventricular hypertrophy Left bundle branch block Inferior MI Ventricular pacing ectopy Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome Primum ASD – rSR ’ pattern Left anterior fascicular block – diagnosis of exclusion Horizontally orientated heart – short , squat patient Extreme Axis Deviation Ventricular rhythms – e.g . VT AIVR ventricular ectopy Hyperkalaemia Severe right ventricular hypertrophy Further Reading For a deeper understanding of axis determination , including a detailed explanation of the hexaxial reference system , check out this excellent series of articles from EMS 12 - lead . EMS 12 Lead Axis Determination Part I EMS 12 Lead Axis Determination Part II Axis Determination Part III Axis Determination Part IV Axis Determination Part V Axis Determination Part VI The 360 degree Heart LITFL Further Reading ECG Library Basics – Waves , Intervals , Segments and Clinical Interpretation ECG A to Z by diagnosis – ECG interpretation in clinical context ECG Exigency and Cardiovascular Curveball – ECG Clinical Cases 100 ECG Quiz – Self - assessment tool for examination practice ECG Reference SITES and BOOKS – the best of the rest Advanced Reading Brady WJ , Truwit JD . Critical Decisions in Emergency and Acute Care Electrocardiography Surawicz B , Knilans T . Chou ’ s Electrocardiography in Clinical Practice : Adult and Pediatric Wagner GS . Marriott ’ s Practical Electrocardiography 12e Chan TC . ECG in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care Rawshani A . Clinical ECG Interpretation Mattu A . ECG ’ s for the Emergency Physician Hampton JR . The ECG In Practice , 6e ECG LIBRARY Electrocardiogram EKG Library
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[
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"Quadrant Method",
"Mike Cadogan"
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http://lifeintheuk.net/index.php/after_the_test/applying_for_ilr/
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Home After the test Applying for Settlement / Indefinite Leave to Remain ( ILR ) Applying for Settlement Once you have passed the Life in the UK test , you can start the process of completing your application for Indefinite Leave to Remain ( ILR ) . All of the information you need to apply should be available from the GOV . uk website . This page will lead you through a series of questions about your immigration status and will tell you which form you need . The two main forms are listed below . Each form has a set of guidance notes . Make sure you read these while completing your form . They contain detailed instructions on how to successfully complete your application . Which form do I need ? If you have been required to take the Life in the UK Test it is likely that you will only need to use one of two possible forms . SET ( M ) – If you are applying as a spouse , civil partner , same sex or unmarried partner of a person present and settled in the UK SET ( O ) – For most other applications If you want to download the forms from the the GOV . uk website website then you will need Adobe Reader . You can get this for free from the Adobe website Form and guide SET ( M ) Form SET ( M ) has the full title of ‘ Application for indefinite leave to remain in the UK as the partner of a person present and settled in the UK and a Biometric Immigration Document ’ . You can find guidance and answers to common questions about completing the form on the Settle in the UK as the partner of a person who is in the UK and settled here : form SET ( M ) page of the GOV . uk website . Form and guide SET ( O ) Form SET ( O ) has the full , but not very helpful , title of ‘ Application for indefinite leave to remain in the UK in one of the categories listed in this form and a biometric immigration document ’ . The key categories are listed below , for your information . You can find guidance and answers to common questions about completing the form on the Settle in the UK in various immigration categories : form SET ( O ) page of the GOV . uk website . You should use this form to apply for indefinite leave to remain if you are applying as any of the following : work permit holder dependant of work permit holder PBS dependant employment not requiring a work permit businessperson innovator investor highly skilled migrant highly skilled migrant under the terms of the Highly Skilled Migrant Programme indefinite leave to remain judicial review policy document self - employed lawyer writer , composer or artist Tier 1 ( General ) migrant Tier 1 ( Entrepreneur ) migrant Tier 1 ( Entrepreneur ) migrant – accelerated route Tier 1 ( Investor ) migrant Tier 1 ( Investor ) migrant – accelerated route Tier 2 migrant UK ancestry bereaved partner other purposes not covered by other application forms If you have been given temporary permission to remain in the UK as the partner of a British citizen or person settled here , and your partner has died , you can apply for settlement as a bereaved partner . You can make your application using form SET ( O ) immediately after your partner ’ s death – you do not need to wait until you have been here for a certain length of time . If you are in the UK for other purposes or reasons not covered by other application forms ( excluding asylum ) , you should use the GOV . uk site to check what kind of application you should make . This includes applications for reasons of long residence in the UK , if you have been living continuously in the UK for 10 years . Waiting times The latest waiting times are given on the About our services page of the GOV . uk website . The Home Office advises that you should not make any non - urgent travel arrangements until your passport ( s ) or travel document ( s ) have been returned . Returning residents Once you have been granted permanent residence ( ILR ) you may stay in the UK indefinitely so long as you do not leave the country for extended periods . The law states that you should not leave the UK for a period of over two years . There is a risk that you may lose your permanent residence permit if you are absent from the UK for more than two years . If you have been away for more than two years , then you must apply for a Returning Resident visa before attempting to enter the UK . If you do n ’ t do this then there is a risk that you will be denied entry to the UK . To qualify , you must : plan to return to live in the UK permanently have been settled in the UK before you last left not have been given public funds to help you leave the UK You may still be able to return to the United Kingdom to live if , for example , you have strong family ties here or have lived here most of your life .
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[
"Indefinite Leave to Remain",
"UK",
"immigration"
] |
http://lifeofplant.blogspot.com/2011/10/caribbean-agriculture.html
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Caribbean Agriculture Caribbean Agriculture Agriculture in the Caribbean islands from the Bahamas to Trinidad is concentrated in sugarcane bananas coffee tobacco and some citrus and cacao The Caribbean Sea is an extension of the western Atlantic Ocean that is bounded by Central and South America to the west and south and the islands of the Antilles chain on the north and east At the end of the twentieth century agriculture was basic to the economies of nearly every island Two fundamentally different types of agriculture dominate largescale commercial or plantation agriculture and smallscale semisubsistence or peasant farming Plantation farming provides the most exports by value whereas peasant farming involves far more human labor Caribbean agriculture operates under various natural and cultural restraints Most of the islands have rugged terrain restricting productive agriculture to river valleys and coastal plains Typically less than onethird of an islands land area is suitable for crops The windward portions of islands are commonly very wet whereas their leeward areas suffer drought necessitating irrigation Various hazards also impact agriculture including the damaging winds of hurricanes flooding accelerated erosion and landslides In addition some crops notably bananas have suffered from diseases On the human side most peasant farms are restricted to steep unproductive slopes while plantations control most of the productive lowland soils Population pressures have led to the loss of some of the best lands and have caused fragmentation of farmland Farm labor shortages climbing wages and foreign competition have added to the burden Commercial Agriculture Modern plantations own large tracts of land and specialize in one crop commonly sugarcane bananas coconuts coffee rice or tobacco They are more mechanized and better managed than colonial plantations although they are still largely British French or Americanowned The largest plantations are found on the largest islands especially Hispaniola Jamaica and Puerto Rico Cuba also has largescale farming but the operations are governmentowned Plantations always have been smaller in the Lesser Antilles where relatively little land is available Sugar dominates the export economies of Cuba the Dominican Republic Guadeloupe and Saint KittsAmong traditional sugar producers in the Caribbean notably Jamaica Puerto Rico Trinidad and Barbados sugar exports are exceeded by those of other commodities Commercial Agriculture Haiti a leading sugar producer as a French colony now produces little Overall sugar production in the Caribbean has been on the decline since the 1960s as a result of the variety of problems noted above Other commercial export crops grown in the Caribbean region include bananas coffee tobacco and ganja Bananas introduced in the sixteenth century by Spanish missionaries became an important export in the late nineteenth century as markets developed in Europe and the United States Sweet bananas are significant exports of Guadeloupe Martinique the Dominican Republic Jamaica Granada St Lucia and St Vincent Overall production is not significant on the world scale Coffee is raised for export mainly in Haiti Jamaica and the Dominican Republic Jamaicas famous Blue Mountain coffee grown in the Blue Mountains northeast of Kingston is among the most prized and expensive coffees of the world Its production and export is largely for European Japanese and US markets Tobacco was important before the sugar era and has seen a recent resurgence in the Greater Antilles especially in Cuba Puerto Rico Jamaica and the Dominican Republic mostly for cigar production Ganja marijuana prepared especially for smoking is illegal throughout the Caribbean region The product is nevertheless of considerable commercial importance Its chief producer is Jamaica and its main destination is the United States Other significant export crops include cacao for chocolate and citrus Peasant Farming Peasant farming in the Caribbean began after emancipation in the nineteenth century when freed slaves sought out the only land available in the hills and mountains Unfortunately this land is unsuitable for crop agriculture having thin and erodible soils Individual peasant farms average less than 5 acres 2 hectares in area often in disconnected plots A variety of crops are raised including fruits such as mangoes plantains akee and breadfruit vegetables such as yams potatoes and okra sugarcane and coffee Email This BlogThis Share to Twitter Label agriculture Economic botany and plant uses food world regions Search This Blog Blogroll About Health Age Mythology Stories Amazing Rainbow Ancient World History Become Ecologically Friendly Fish Identification Marketing Management Insights The Contemporary History Water World Blog Archive 2011 327 December 48 October 20 Botany Bromeliaceae Brown Algae Bryophytes Bulbs and Rhizomes C4 and CAM Photosynthesis Cacti and Succulents Calvin cycle Carbohydrates Carbon Cycle Caribbean Agriculture Caribbean Flora Cell Cycle Cell Theory Celltocell Communication Cell Wall Cells and Diffusion Cellular Slime Molds Central America Agriculture Central American Flora May 32 April 58 March 101 February 18 January 50 2010 13
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[
"Caribbean Agriculture",
"river valleys"
] |
http://lifeonthebrazosriver.com/Floods.htm
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THE BRAZOS RIVER Floods of the Brazos River in Texas Historic Crests for Rosharon , Texas of the Brazos River Flood Stage : 43.0 ft Historical Crests ( 1 ) 56.40 ft on 12 / 11 / 1913 ( 2 ) 53.40 ft on 05 / 07 / 1957 ( 3 ) 52.00 ft on 05 / 01 / 1965 ( 4 ) 51.89 ft on 01 / 03 / 1992 ( 5 ) 51.82 ft on 10 / 22 / 1994 ( 6 ) 50.74 ft on 05 / 14 / 1968 ( 7 ) 50.67 ft on 02 / 10 / 1992 ( 8 ) 49.22 ft on 11 / 17 / 1998 ( 9 ) 48.83 ft on 10 / 24 / 1998 ( 10 ) 48.80 ft on 11 / 29 / 2004 Impacts 50.8 At levels above 50.8 feet water begins flowing across the flood plain into Oyster Creek . 50.7 At levels above 50.7 feet minor flow passes through the culvert near the Ramsey Unit Prison Farm into Oyster Creek as water is on the verge of passing over flood plain . 42.0 At levels above 42 feet flooding begins in vicinity of gage as flow escapes the main channel . See photos of the Brazos River in minor flood stage . 1899 - 1 AM June 27 to 1 AM July 1 , 1899 - Widespread heavy rain with 34 - in . center in Hearne , 24 - in . center in Turnersville , just north of Gatesville . Probably stalled long wave over west Texas and / or New Mexico for period - Mid - and upper - level water vapor from eastern Pacific - Low - level moisture from jet off Gulf into Texas - and a series of short waves around the southern periphery of the long wave 1899 Tropical Storm Number One San Saba River - at Menard - 23.3 ' June 6 , 1899 at San Saba - 36.7 ' June 6 , 1899 Navasota River - near Easterly - 29 ' crest ( 60,000 cfs ) June 1899 near Bryan ( Hwy 21 ) - 41 ' crest June 1899 Brazos River - near Hempstead - 63.6 ' crest July 2 , 1899 Richmond - 58.6 ' crest July 1899 BRAZOS FLOOD OF 1899 . Between June 17 and June 28 , 1899 , rainfall averaging 8.9 inches fell over 66,000 square miles , causing the Brazos River to overflow its banks and inundate an estimated 12,000 square miles . Damage to property was estimated at more than $ 9 million and 284 persons were known to have perished in the floodwaters ; thousands of others were left homeless . The flood ' s highest recorded stage was at Hearne , where , as at many points , the waters rose above all available flood gauges . UNITED STATES LIFE - SAVING SERVICE of Galveston on the early July 1899 flood . The flood of 1899 was bad , but apparently the flood of 1913 was worse . 1913 - 7 AM Dec 1 to 7 AM Dec 5 , 1913 - Widespread heavy rain with 15.50 in . center at San Marcos , 13.80 in . at Bertram , 13.60 in . at Somerville , 11.80 in . at Waco , 11.70 in . at Kaufman - Obviously a classic El Nino year - rainfall totals 20 to 25 in . had fallen in the previous 3 months in the area , and water stood in the fields between storms . Very likely a long wave stalled over west Texas or New Mexico Dec 1 - 5 and sent a series of storms around its southern periphery . The Colorado and Brazos Rivers merged below IH - 10 to the Gulf because of the very widespread heavy rain , no flood - control reservoirs on the Colorado or Brazos River , and debris dams on the Colorado and Brazos Rivers . The Colorado River dam was from river mile 28 above Bay City to river mile 52 just below Wharton - The dam was n ' t successfully blasted out by the Corps of Engineers until between 1925 and 1929 . There were 180 drownings - Water was waist deep in downtown Bay City - The Colorado River went over the right bank above Columbus and made an island of the town . Brazos River - near Highbank - 42.0 ' Dec 1913 near Bryan ( State Hwy 21 ) - 61 ' Dec 5 , 1913 near Hempstead - 66.1 ' Dec 8 , 1913 at Richmond - 61.2 ' Dec 10 , 1913 at Rosharon - 56.4 ' - Dec 11 , 1913 Colorado River - at Bastrop - 53.3 ' Dec 4 , 1913 at Smithville - 47.4 ' Dec 4 , 1913 above LaGrange - 56.4 ' Dec 5 , 1913 at Columbus - 51.6 ' Dec 6 , 1913 ( river split above town and made into island ) at Wharton - 51.9 ' Dec 8 , 1913 near Bay City - 56.1 ' Dec 10 , 1913 The flood of 1913 was the worst because this area received a lot of rainfall at a time when the Brazos was in flood The level of the was 56.4ft in 1913 with water covering everything . The and Colorado joined . The water level was 56.3ft in 1992 but the flooding was only near the Brazos . Then the hurricane that hit Galveston in 1900 Floods in 1902 , 1908 Then the hurricane of 1915 1921 - Thrall Flood - A tropical storm formed in the Bay of Campeche the morning of Sept 6 , 1921 - made hurricane intensity that afternoon - made landfall near Vera Cruz the early morning of Sept 7 - veered right and fell below depression intensity just as it crossed the Rio Grande at Rio Grande City the night of the 7th - Light rain began falling in San Antonio the 8th , which became a deluge the evening of the 9th , with totals to 18 in . in the northern part of San Antonio . The 18 in . in northern Bexar County the evening of Sept 9 , 1921 , created a flood wave through downtown San Antonio 12 ft deep - The flow passed down Olmos and Apache Creeks into the San Antonio River - People caught downtown tried to evacuate vertically to upper floors - 51 did n ' t make it and drowned as the flood wave peaked near 1 : 30 AM - Water was 4 to 5 ft deep in the current St . Marys Church and the Gunter Hotel . Olmos Dam was completed in 1928 as a flood - retention dam to protect downtown San Antonio as a direct result . Thrall rainfall - 23.4 in . during 6 hrs / 31.8 in . during 12 hrs / 36.4 in . during 18 hrs / 38.2 in . during 24 hrs at a U.S. Weather Bureau station at Thrall is still the national official 24 - hr rainfall record ending at 7 AM Sept 10 , 1921 - The storm total was 39.7 in . during 36 hrs - With 215 drownings statewide , this was the deadliest flood in Texas history . Eighty - seven people drowned in and near Taylor and 93 in Williamson County . The confluence of the San Gabriel River and Brushy Creek was 10 mi wide . Not an El Nino or a La Nina year . Little River - at Little River - 46.8 ' - Sept 1921 at Cameron - 53.2 ' ( 647,000 cfs ) Sept 10 , 1921 North Fork San Gabriel River at Georgetown - 39.5 ' Sept 1921 San Gabriel River - at Laneport - 39.6 ' - Sept 1921 at Bryan - 54 ' Sept 12 , 1921 Washington on Brazos - 50 ' Onion Creek - U.S. Hwy 183 ( Austin ) - 38.0 ' The Arcola area local flood of 1925 Several wooden houses were floated off of their blocks . Some drifted for several blocks . 1936 - A hurricane had made landfall between Corpus Christi and Victoria June 27 and fell below depression intensity that night as it moved into the Frio River drainage near Leakey - A second tropical storm formed in the Bay of Campeche Sept 10 , made landfall at Brownsville the morning of Sept 13 , moved across deep south Texas before falling below depression intensity near Del Rio the afternoon of the 14th - This flooding rainfall was widespread over central Texas around the right side of the circulation . Not El Nino or La Nina year . Worst hit was the city of San Angelo - From USGS Water - Supply Paper 816 , published in 1937 - Tate Dalrymple and others - " Rains exceeding 30 in . in some places fell during September over a large part of the Concho River drainage basin . Three separate flood peaks occurred on the main Concho River - Sept 15 , 17 , and 26 , the flood of the 17th being the highest . The city of San Angelo suffered greater damage than any other place in the State . On Sept 17 , the discharge of the South Concho River reached a maximum of 111,000 cfs and caused stages which backed water up the North Concho River to the center of the city . Just as this water began to recede , the flood from the North Concho River with a peak discharge of 184,000 cfs reached the city . The river channel was inadequate for this enormous quantity of water and the river broke over its banks , flooding large areas of Below the mouth of the Llano River , the stages on the Colorado River during the floods of 1936 were much lower than the stages in the notable floods of 1935 . " SAN ANGELO MORNING TIMES - SEPTEMBER 18 - " An insane burst of brown waters wrapped round the dust of a prolonged drought leaped the channels of the Concho Rivers here yesterday , hurled to destruction an approximate of 300 houses in all parts of town and left an uninsured flood damage of abut $ 1,500,000 , the worst water damage in the history of this 68 - year - old city . It is the major catastrophe of all time for San Angelo . More than 100 persons were rescued from drowning on the streets or from flooded houses , while many hundreds more were removed under conditions less dangerous . There was an estimated 300 homeless families last night , who were sleeping in the schoolhouses and in other public buildings , in stores , while hotels were filled . Numerous buildings not destroyed were flooded and filled with silt . The North Concho River , chief troublemaker of the day , charged drunkenly into the Negro and Mexican section , threw houses and shacks against the Sixth Street Bridge now under construction spread wanton piles of other wrecked houses here and there . Then it moved into the elite residential district , climbed a 40 ft cliff to run a stream knee deep in the home of Preston Rothrup . It tore the C.R. Hallmark home from its foundations , raced it over the Santa Fe Golf Course , and cracked it into matchwood at the submerged Millspaugh Bridge . SAN ANGELO EVENING STANDARD - SEPTEMBER 18 : " Perhaps the most dramatic episode of the flood in downtown San Angelo was the evacuation of approximately 75 persons from the Naylor Hotel , at Chadbourne and Concho , at mid - afternoon . A crowd of at least 1,000 persons witnessed the rescues . The water flowed 6 ft deep through the lobby of the hotel , which stands on the site of the old Landon Hotel , destroyed by fire . The 1906 flood had brought the water up to within 2 ft of the old Landon . " SAN ANGELO MORNING TIMES - SEPTEMBER 19 - " Rockwood , Coleman County , — Hundreds of farmers and their families were fleeing from the Colorado River bottoms near here tonight as the river reached a flood stage of 70 ft , 17 ft higher than ever known . The steel highway bridge at Stacy and the one here went out this afternoon under the hammering of heavy debris pounded against them by the turbulent flood . Flood stage here is 35 ft . The previous high - water mark here was set in 1906 , when the river reached 55.5 ft long time residents said . " SAN ANGELO STANDARD TIMES - SEPTEMBER 20 : Brownwood , Sept 19 — " The treacherous floodwaters of the Colorado River late today claimed their second victim when a farmer was drowned while attempting to save his livestock . The angry river was 2 mi wide at Indian Creek community , in Brown County , washing away a number of homes and barns . The flood stage climbed to 72 ft where the Brownwood - Brady Hwy bridge crosses the Colorado . This mark is 14 ft higher than any ever recorded before . " Brazos River - at Waco - 40.90 ' Sept 27 , 1936 ( 246,000 cfs ) near Highbank - 40.0 ' Sept 1936 Colorado River - near Stacy - 64.59 ' Sept 18 , 1936 ( 356,000 cfs ) at Winchell - 62.2 ' Sept 19 , 1936 near Bay City - 52.2 ' Oct 5 , 1936 1957 - April - May - June - That spring Texas was caught between an abnormally strong Bermuda high which extended into the eastern Gulf of Mexico , and a persistent long wave trough over the western U.S. - Maritime cool fronts periodically pushed across the Central Plains but did n ' t move into central Texas shutting off the Gulf and eastern Pacific moisture - Upper lows persistently moved around the south periphery of the long wave into Texas , bringing eastern Pacific moisture with them into the low - level jet off the Gulf flowing into central Texas . All of north - central , northeast Texas , much of Oklahoma , Arkansas , and Louisiana had 20 to 36 in . of rain in April - June . Most bridges on the Brazos River washed out in this long lived flooding period . Big Sandy Creek - near Breckenridge - 24.60 ' Apr 29 , 1957 Hubbard Creek - near Breckenridge - 34.00 ' May 26 , 1957 ( 34,500 cfs ) Clear Fork Brazos River - at Eliasville - 35.0 ' May 1 , 1957 Palo Pinto Creek - near Santo - 31.05 ' May 26 , 1957 ( 45,100 cfs ) near Glen Rose - 33.89 ' May 27 , 1957 Cow Bayou - near Mooresville - 23.88 ' May 11 , 1957 ( 7,960 cfs ) Lampasas River - near Kempner - 37.0 ' May 13 , 1957 near Belton - May 1957 ( 83,500 cfs ) San Gabriel River - at Georgetown - 34.10 ' Apr 24 , 1957 ( 155,000 cfs ) 1991 - Dec 18 to 23 , 1991 - Christmas Flood - A stalled long wave Dec 18th over Arizona extended into the Sonoran Desert of northern Mexico . The upper low was reflected at the surface along the Arizona / Mexico border . A series of cold air masses pushed from the Pacific Northwest across the Central Plains into the southeastern U.S . A cold - air - induced surface high was centered over Georgia . A stationary front in central Texas marked the southern periphery of the cold air masses moving across the Central Plains . At low levels , clockwise flow around the southeastern high brought a long fetch of very warm moist air across the Gulf , across the Texas Coastal Bend , and into central Texas as a low - level jet . The weather station at Corpus Christi measured 850 mph winds of 60 to 70 knots from about 160 to 170 degrees for the duration of the At upper levels , the long wave in the west induced a water vapor plume from the eastern Pacific across Mexico into Texas . Tremendous rain and flooding occurred at and south of the confluence of the upper vapor plume , the low - level jet , and the surface stationary front . The heaviest rain was 16 to 18 in . on an area from Llano to Bandera to Boerne . The 6 - in . isohyetal extended from the Red River north of the Dallas / Fort Worth metroplex - to near Coleman - to between Bracketville and This was not a historic event in terms of large rainfall totals . But in terms of total rain volume that fell from the sky in one event , this certainly was one of the largest in Texas recorded history , if not the largest . Certainly it rivals Hurricane Beulah , the June 1935 , Hurricane Alice in 1954 , and the June 1987 floods . Record flooding moved down the San Gabriel and Little Rivers into the Brazos River above Bryan . The Brazos River was 5 mi wide west of Bryan and College Station . The Navasota River was well over 1 mi wide in Grimes and Brazos Counties . A huge lake over 10 mi long by 10 mi wide was created above the confluence of the Navasota and Brazos Rivers above Washington on the Brazos State Park . High areas were above the water , but most areas flooded . Downstream , the Brazos River and Oyster Creek merged as the Brazos River flowed over the left floodplain near Harris Reservoir . Thousands of previously unsuspecting home owners were flooded as Oyster Creek became several miles wide in Brazoria County . Residential flooding was widespread above Simonton to the Gulf in Fort Bend and Brazoria Counties . In the Valley Lodge Subdivision near Simonton , most of the 200 homes flooded , some a half mile from the river . Five - hundred homes suffered serious flood damage in Brazoria County . Two - hundred forty - five of 250 Flooding was disastrous also in the Colorado River drainage . Very high flows down the Pedernales and Colorado Rivers into the Highland Lakes system put a tremendous amount of storage into them . The problem was , managers could not release water from Lake Travis because disastrous floodwaters were flowing from Walnut , Onion , and all the other creeks flowing into the Colorado River below Lake Travis . Onion Creek at Hwy 183 crested at 30.50 ft , a record since a recording gage was installed March 1976 . The Pedernales River severely flooded and damaged LBJ National Park The Lower Colorado River Authority could do nothing but store all the very high inflow . Lake Travis quickly rose to a record elevation of 710.44 ft Dec 26 , 1991 . Nearly 400 homes flooded around Lake Travis with up to 22 ft of water over the lowest slabs . Downstream , a few homes flooded near Bastrop as the Colorado River crested at a record 37.48 ft . Between Bastrop and Smithville , the Hidden Valley Estates , the Doty River Estates , and the Pecan Shores subdivisions had several tens of homes flooded up to nearly 9 ft . In LaGrange , the Fritsch Auf subdivision had over 10 homes flooded up to 6 ft . Two homes flooded in Columbus . Downstream , 15 homes flooded up to 2 to 3 ft in Wharton . Much worse flooding was spared because the flooding escaped over the left floodplain upstream near Garwood into a widespread area of farmland . The Guadalupe River had severe flooding . Two homes flooded near Cuero , and downstream near Thomaston in the River Haven subdivision , three homes flooded . In Victoria , eight city blocks of the Greens Addition in the west part flooded , and also the city park , zoo , and golf course . Downstream , the Guadalupe and San Antonio Rivers were several miles wide near their confluence near Tivoli . Some ranchers would feed their cattle by boat on floodwaters into June . 1991 was an El Nino year . This flood would be followed by a series of floods a week or 10 days apart into late May or early June . Emergency spillways on every flood - control reservoir on the Brazos River would be spilling 2 to 3 ft by mid - March . Water stood in the fields between storms from late December into early June in many areas , mainly in the Brazos and Colorado River drainages below Austin to the Gulf . The Edwards aquifer would crest at a record 703.2 ft elevation June 14 , 1992 . Little River - near Rockdale - 38.34 ' Dec 21 , 1991 near Rockdale - 35.74 ' Dec 21 , 1991 ( 39,000 cfs ) near Bryan - 43.93 ' Dec 23 , 1991 ( 163,000 cfs ) at Washington 48.00 ' Dec 26 , 1991 Navasota River - near Easterly - 27.22 ' Dec 22 , 1991 ( 61,800 cfs ) near Bryan - 19.97 ' Dec 23 , 1991 ( 66,600 cfs ) Brazos River - near Hempstead - 53.00 ' Dec 28 , 1991 ( 116,000 cfs ) at Richmond - 49.68 ' Jan 1 , 1992 ( 119,000 cfs ) near Rosharon - 51.89 ' Jan 3 , 1992 ( 82,700 cfs ) San Bernard River - near Boling - 30.19 ' ( 8,890 cfs ) Pedernales River - near Fredericksburg - 32.09 ' Dec 20 , 1991 ( 49,900 cfs ) near Johnson City - 21.86 ' Dec 21 , 1991 ( 89,000 cfs ) Onion Creek - near Driftwood - 15.99 ' Dec 20 , 1991 ( 18,650 cfs ) at U.S. Hwy 183 - 30.50 ' Dec 21 , 1991 ( 44,200 cfs ) Walnut Creek - at Webberville Rd - 26.99 ' Dec 20 , 1991 ( 10,200 cfs ) Colorado River - at Bastrop - 37.48 ' Dec 22 , 1991 ( 79,600 cfs ) above LaGrange - 43.32 ' Dec 23 , 1991 ( 88,200 cfs ) at Wharton - 45.31 ' Dec 27 , 1991 ( 61,900 cfs ) near Bay City - 38.90 ' Dec 27 , 1991 ( 69,600 cfs ) Guadalupe River - at Gonzales - 35.01 ' Dec 22 , 1991 ( flood stage 20 ' ) near Cuero - 37.68 ' Dec 24 , 1991 ( 72,200 cfs ) at Victoria - 30.13 ' Dec 25 , 1991 ( 61,500 cfs ) San Antonio River - near Elmendorf - 39.06 ' Dec 22 , 1991 ( 19,300 cfs ) near Falls City - 19.29 ' Dec 23 , 1991 ( 20,200 cfs ) at Goliad - 41.58 ' Dec 25 , 1991 ( 27,500 cfs ) The biggest flood in Texas did not involve the Brazos River . Account of flood by Frank Brown - Travis County Clerk , in the " Annals of Travis County " - " The highest and probably the most disastrous flood that ever came down the Colorado River within a hundred years occurred early in July 1869 . Certainly none such ever occurred within the memory of oldest inhabitants of the white race . The floods of 1833 , 1836 , 1843 , 1852 , and 1870 did not approach it in volume within 8 or 10 ft . Early in the first week of July rain commenced falling and so continued at short intervals for several days . The stream commenced gradually rising , but no apprehension was felt of the heavy overflow . On the 6th , a tremendous flood suddenly came down in solid walls , overflowing all the lowlands and spreading over the valleys to the hills . The river rose to the bluffs . The people thought the highest was reached , but the water continued to rise rapidly , and much alarm was felt . The river reached its highest mark on the The rise was estimated at forty - six ft . The mass of waters rushed down from the narrow and confined channel between the mountains above , to the wider one below , with such fearful velocity that the middle of the stream was higher than the sides , and the aspect it presented was appalling . " Pedernales River - near Johnson City - 33.0 ' July 1869 Onion Creek - Hwy 183 ( Austin ) - 38.0 ' July 3 , 1869 ( newspaper accounts ) at Austin - 51.0 ' July 7 , 1869 at Bastrop - 60.3 ' July 7 or 8 , 1869 at Smithville - July 8 , 1869 - several feet higher than the 47.4 ' Dec 4 , 1913 above LaGrange - 56.7 ' July 9 , 1869 at Columbus - 51.6 ' July 1869 ( river split above town and made into island ) at Wharton - 51.9 ' July 12 , 1869 near Bay City - 56.1 ' July 1869 Home Life yesterday Archives E - mai l Today on the Brazos River The Brazos River is over 300 feet wide when it empties into the Gulf of Mexico . This is the definition of a navigable stream thus making it a public waterway . The banks of the river are privately owned and therefore are governed by the Texas private property trespassing laws . So where does the public waterway end and the private property begin ? One definition says the line is 18 inches above the plant growth which would allow a water traveler enough room to land and hold his craft . Remember , this is a wild natural river that upon occasion rises 10 feet overnight . Has the property line moved ? Apparently is has . The high bank is generally recognized as the property line . Almost all The landowner may own the river banks but he is not the only one to control them . 1 . The Brazos River Authority has control of the water usage . The landowner is only allowed a 6 inch pump for agricultural use . The Brazos River Authority owns the water and sells water to various pumping stations along the river . These pumping stations then resell the water to their customers . 2 . FEMA or Federal Emergency Management Agency determines where the flood plains and where the flow plains are . Yes , that is two separate plains . The flood plain is determined by the highest water level on the property in the last 100 years . The highest flood on the Brazos River in the last 100 years was in 1913 before any dams were built [ before the year 2013 ] . Today the crest of the 1957 flood is used for the 100 year flood . If you are in a flood plain you can not obtain a permit to build a house on a slab . You can live in a cabin or mobile home . You can build a barn or other structure . The flow plain is the area that the river will flow in when it in flood at the 100 year flood level . This area is adjacent to the river bank . The idea is that if you build on or build up the land in this area you may restrict the flow of flood water thus causing some flooding upstream . There are not any permits issued for this area . [ I have a property that is 5 feet above the flood plain but in the flow plain . The view of the river is beautiful so I asked Fort Bend below the bottom of the house and I was n ’ t getting a permit . [ You figure it . ] 3 . The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department [ Texas Game Warden ] has a say about the mineral rights I might own to the middle of the river adjoining my property . The minerals are sand and gravel . I must obtain a permit from and give 50 % of my monetary gain to the department . A Game Warden can go anywhere he wants in Texas including but not limited to cutting fences and locks . 4 . The US Army Corps of Engineers are responsible for building Dams and other structures on the river . Should I decide to pay the TP&W department 50 % for the sand and gravel then I need a dredging [ mining ] permit from the Corps of Engineers . Bass Bites Rattle Snake A 32 DAY TRIP AIRBOATING FISHING GUIDE The river starts ; Northwest of Clovis NM with Running Water Draw South of Clovis NM with Blackwater Draw Northwest of Lubbock with Yellow House Draw Wichita Falls Texas , where 10 miles south , the Clear Fork of the Brazos flows to the West . And Abilene Texas . The Brazos River water level was a lot different prior to the dam building days that started around 1930 . Here is why ; There are 3 dams on the Brazos Lake Possum Kingdom , Lake Granbury , and Lake Whitney Here is a partial list of dams on the tributaries ; Millers Creek Reservoir [ NW of Clovis NM White River Lake [ Running Water Draw ] Buffalo Springs Lake Lubbock Double Mountain Fork of Lake Stamford [ Clear Fork of Lake Fort Phantom Hill [ Abilene ] Squaw Creek Lake Pat Cleburne Mineral Wells Palo Pinto Hubbard [ Sandy Creek Cisco Sandy Creek Daniel [ Leon River Leon Leon Proctor Leon Waco Town House Creek Mexia [ Navasota Twin Oaks Navasota Limestone Navasota Belton Lampasas Stllhouse Hollow [ Navasota Granger San Gabriel Georgetown San Gabriel Gibbons Somerville [ Yegua ] BRAZOS RIVER AUTHORITY BRAZOS RIVER . The Brazos River rises at the confluence of its Salt Fork and Double Mountain Fork qqv near the eastern boundary of Stonewall County ( at 33 ° 16 ' N , 100 ° 01 ' W ) and runs 840 miles across Texas to its mouth on the Gulf of Mexico , two miles south of Freeport in Brazoria County ( at 28 ° 53 ' N , 95 ° 23 ' W ) . The two forks emerge from the Caprock qv 150 miles above the confluence , thus forming a continuous watershed 1,050 miles long , which extends from New Mexico to the Gulf of Mexico and comprises 44,620 square miles , 42,000 of which are in Texas . It is the longest river in Texas and the one with the greatest discharge . It has all of the varied characteristics of a trans - state stream , from the plains " draw " drainage through canyons at the breaks of the Llano Estacado , qv the West Texas rolling plains , and the Grand Prairie hill region , to its meandering course through the Coastal Plain . The elevation of the streambed at the confluence of the two forks is 1,500 feet above sea level . From this point the Brazos descends to the Gulf at a rate diminishing from 3½ feet a mile to one - half foot a mile . Below the Caprock escarpment the Brazos traverses an area of rolling topography in the vicinity of Palo Pinto County , where low escarpments cross the watershed and the basins of the Brazos and its tributaries are deeply trenched and confined in narrow valleys with steep sides or bluffs . The floodplains are narrow , and improvements came slowly and comparatively late . When the river reaches the escarpment that crosses the watershed on a line from Georgetown to Waco , the topography changes to gently rolling , then to an almost featureless plain down to the coast . In this The Brazos is probably the river that Indians of the Caddoan linguistic group called Tokonohono . This name is preserved in the narratives of the expedition led by René Robert Cavelier , Sieur de La Salle , and the Brazos is widely identified as the river that La Salle named the Maligne . The name Brazos was probably first applied to the Colorado River , and there is considerable evidence that several early explorers got the Colorado and the Brazos rivers confused . In 1716 Isidro Félix de Espinosa and Domingo Ramón qqv probably called the Brazos " la Trinidad , " but the present names were established well before the end of the Spanish period . The full name of the river , often used in Spanish accounts , is Los Brazos de Dios , " the arms of God . " Many legends have grown up explaining the name . Probably the earliest is that Francisco Vázquez de Coronado and his men wandering up the Llano Estacado were about to perish from lack of water when the Indians guided them to a small stream , which the men then named Brazos de Dios . Another account tells of a Spanish ship tossed about by a storm in the Gulf of Mexico that had exhausted its supply of drinking water . The sailors were parched with thirst , lost , and unable to determine which direction they should go to find land , when one of the crew noticed a muddy streak in the waters . The ship followed the in 1831 , accounts for the reversal of the names of the Colorado and the Brazos . Although the Brazos was well known to Spanish explorers and missionaries who described the Indians along its banks , the first permanent settlements on the river were made by Anglo - Americans . John McFarland , one of the Old Three Hundred , founded San Felipe de Austin at the Atascosito Crossing of the Brazos . The town became the colonial capital of Texas . The river acquired further significance as being , at Velasco , the scene of the first colonial resistance to Mexican authority , and , at Columbia and at Washington - on - the - Brazos , the site of two of the first seats of government of the republic . Cotton and sugar plantations established along the Brazos in pre - Civil War days were showplaces of Texas and homes of some of the wealthiest men in the state . The climate of the Brazos watershed varies considerably from temperate to subtropical . The average annual temperature is 59 ° F in its upper reaches and 70 ° in the coastal region . Normally , the winters are mild and short , even in the upper reaches , but severe weather is not unknown . Temperatures of zero and even lower have been recorded . The average annual rainfall is 29.5 inches , ranging from sixteen in the northwest to forty - seven in the southeast . Soil types along the Brazos vary from sandy loams to deep clay . Originally , the Brazos was navigable for 250 miles from the Gulf to Washington . It was an important waterway before the Civil War , and efforts to improve it for navigation continued until the early twentieth century . The most important cities in the Brazos watershed are Lubbock , Graham , Waco , Temple , Belton , Freeport , and Galveston . Houston abuts the region along the Fort Bend and Brazoria county lines . The waters of the Brazos basin are administered by the Brazos River Authority , an autonomous state agency established by the legislature in 1929 . In later years the Brazos has maintained its importance as a source of water for power , irrigation , and other services . The river has been dammed in several places to form reservoirs for flood control , municipal use , and recreation , the most important of these man - made lakes being Possum Kingdom and Whitney reservoir . In Goodbye to a River ( 1960 ) , John Graves gave an account of his journey in a canoe down the Brazos in the mid - 1950s , with historical sketches of Indians and pioneers . BIBLIOGRAPHY : James M . Day , " The Mississippi of Texas , 1821 - 1850 , " Texana 3 ( Spring 1965 ) . Glenn A . Gray , Gazetteer of Streams of Texas ( Washington : GPO , 1919 ) . Kenneth E . Hendrickson , Jr . , The Waters of the Brazos : A History of the Brazos River Authority , 1929 - 1979 ( Waco : Texian Press , 1981 ) . Pamela A . Puryear and Nath Winfield , Jr . , Sandbars and Sternwheelers : Steam Navigation on the Brazos ( College Station : Texas A&M University Press , 1976 ) . Rupert N . Richardson , Texas : The Lone Star State ( New York : Prentice - Hall , 1943 ; 4th ed . , with Ernest Wallace and Adrian N . Anderson , Englewood Cliffs , New Jersey : Prentice - Hall , 1981 ) . Vertical Files , Barker Texas History Center , University of Texas at Austin . Charles Albert Warner , Texas Oil and Gas Since 1543 ( Houston : Gulf , 1939 ) . Kenneth E . Hendrickson , Jr .
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[
"BRAZOS RIVER",
"Texas",
"Floods"
] |
http://lifeoptions.org/kidneyinfo/ckdinfo.php?page=5
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Slowing Kidney Disease Having your kidneys work — even a little — can help you feel better and live longer . If you can slow your CKD , you can delay the need for treatment of kidney failure . The types of changes you might make to help your heart or the rest of your body will help your kidneys , too . Here are some things you can do — or avoid — to protect your kidneys : Blood sugar meter Keep Your Blood Sugar In The Target Range . High blood sugar harms blood vessels , including the nephrons in the kidneys . If you have diabetes , your doctor will give you a target for fasting blood sugar and for 2 hours after you eat . Test your blood sugar often to see how it changes based on what you eat and how active you are . Cut back on added sugars and refined carbs , like bread , cakes , and rice , if you have not done this yet . Take walks or find other ways to be active . Take your diabetes medicine ( s Keep Your Blood Pressure In The Target Range Your Doctor Gives You , Too . Even if your blood pressure was low your whole life , it may be high now — and , it may be hard to control . It is normal in CKD to need more than one blood pressure medicine . Check your blood pressure at home . Keep a log of the results so you can tell your care team when it is high or low and what time ( s ) you take your blood pressure pills . Talk with your doctor if you have side effects ; a different medicine might work better for you . Exercise can Lose Weight If You Are Overweight . The 10 – year CARDIA study of young people ( average age of 35 ) found that the more people weighed , the faster their kidney function fell . This was true even if they did not have diabetes or high blood pressure . It ' s hard to lose weight , but it can be done , and there are many ways that can work . Ask for help from your care team if you need it . Do n ' t Drink Soda . A large study has linked drinking one or more regular sodas a day to kidney damage . A second large study found that two or more diet sodas a day can lead to kidney damage or make it progress faster . If You Smoke Or Use Street Drugs , Try To Quit ! Smoking and most street drugs can harm the kidneys . Of course , if quitting was easy , everyone would do it . There are a number of ways to quit smoking — from going cold turkey to patches , nicotine gum , or e – cigarettes . Even cutting back may help . If you use street drugs , you may need a rehab program . Talk to your care team if you need help to quit a habit that is harming your health . Balance Your Blood pH . A healthy blood pH is between 7.38 and 7.42 . When the kidneys do n ’ t work well , they can fail to keep the acid – base balance in your body . Acid can build up from protein foods you eat . Grains and protein foods like meat , eggs , dairy , beans , and peas form acid wastes then they break down . Your body needs protein for muscles and self – repair . But , most of us eat a lot more protein than we need . A low - acid diet ( with lots Examples of dairy products Eat Less Protein . When protein breaks down , it forms blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) . Removing BUN is hard on the kidneys . When you eat less protein , you make less BUN , which can help your kidneys last a bit longer . Research has found that eating very little protein can help even more , but this is hard to do — and there is a risk of malnutrition . Eat Less Phosphorus . Phosphorus is found in meat , poultry , fish , dairy , nuts , beans , and cola drinks . Weak kidneys ca n ’ t remove as much phosphorus from your blood . When your levels are too high , your bones can become weak . Limit Shellfish . Research has found that a toxin called domoic acid in shellfish and some fish that eat algae can harm kidneys — in mice . People are not mice . But , the really troubling finding was that very tiny levels of the toxin could harm kidneys . Shellfish also have high levels of purines , which can be a problem if you have gout . So , it may be wise to cut back on shellfish if you eat it a lot . Skip Canned Foods . Most food cans in the U.S. are lined with bisphenol A ( BPA ) . BPA has been linked with high blood pressure , diabetes , and obesity . Many canned foods tend to be very high in salt or sugar and highly processed , too . Glass jars or shelf safe cartons do n ’ t have BPA . Avoid Certain Pain Pills . “ Non – steroidal anti – inflammatory drugs ” ( NSAIDs ) like Advil ® , Aleve ® , and Motrin can cause kidney damage . Kidneys need a strong blood flow to work . NSAIDs reduce blood flow into and out of the kidneys . In most cases , it takes years of daily use for NSAIDs to cause CKD . But , once CKD is present , NSAIDs can make it get worse faster . Talk to your doctor about treatment options for pain that wo n ’ t further harm your kidneys . If you take one tablet here and there and your kidneys still work , drink a full glass of water with it . Need A Contrast Dye X – ray ? Ask For Kidney Precautions . Dye that is injected into a vein for an MRI or CT scan will pass through your kidneys . A dye called gadolinium can cause kidney damage . This dye can also cause a rare problem called nephrogenic systemic fibrosis ( NSF ) . NSF can make the skin and organs thicken , and can be fatal . There is no treatment for NSF . If a doctor orders an X – ray dye test , ask if there are other ways to learn the same things . Would an ultrasound work , instead ? If you must have contrast , be sure to tell the radiologist about your CKD . He or she may be able to dilute the dye or give Antioxidants May Help You . Every cell in your body needs oxygen . But , too much oxygen in the wrong places can “ oxidize ” and cause damage , a lot like rust . Antioxidants help protect your cells , and may help your kidneys . Ask your doctor if antioxidants like these might be worth taking : Coenzyme Q10 Turmeric Fish oil can help slow CKD that is caused by a disease called IgA nephropathy . Talk to your care team before you take any supplement , vitamin , or over the counter remedy . When your kidneys do n ’ t work well , these can build up in your body to levels that could harm you . Get Moving ! CKD is a risk factor for heart disease and stroke . The same diseases that harm the kidneys also tend to damage the heart and blood vessels . The good news is , moving gets your blood pumping , which boosts blood flow to your kidneys — and helps your heart . So , for your body , exercise is a win – win . It may even help slow the rate of CKD . The goal is 30 minutes of active moving each day . And , the 30 minutes do n ' t have to be all at once . You can break your exercise into 10 – minute blocks if you like . Thinking of starting an exercise plan ? If it ' s been a while since you ' ve been active , talk with your doctor first . Start slow , and build up time , distance , or weight slowly . Track your progress so you can see how you ' re doing . You can even set goals and reward yourself when you reach them . Exercise does not have to be a boring jog on a machine at a pricey gym . Here are some other options you might think about , and you can come up with more on your own : Walking is Great Exercise , and if you have a loved one as a partner , you get together time , too . If the weather is nice and you live in a safe place , you can enjoy an outdoor walk . Or , many people walk in malls or at indoor tracks so they do n ' t miss out . A jog – walk ( trading off jogging and walking ) will give you a more intense workout . Take Up a Sport . From bowling to tennis to badminton , if there is a team sport you like , you can spend time with others and boost your fitness at the same time . Do Some Work . Paint a fence or a wall . Get out in the garden and pull some weeds or trim the shrubs . Mow the lawn with a push mower . Vacuum a couple of rooms . You ’ ll get something done , feel good about yourself , and be active . Dance , Skate , Play ! Whether you jump on a trampoline , paddle a canoe , or take your partner out for a spin , moving is moving . Think about what you liked as a kid – it might give you some ideas of things to try . Next Section : What to Eat & What Not To
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"Slowing Kidney Disease"
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http://lifepac.org/
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Southwest Washington Pro Life Ballot Information Menu Full Website CodesIssues Surveys Other Voter Guides Election Results For Candidates Life PAC Volunteers CCPLA Conference Call Description Donate Contact Us The right to life is the most fundamental of all rights It is the very basis for every other right we enjoy as persons Choose An Election Page Below To See Candidate Information Statewide Contests Clark County Cowlitz County King County Skamania County Thurston County L ife I ssues F amily E thics P olitical A ction C ommittee of Southwest Washington
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"Pro Life Ballot",
"Southwest Washington"
] |
http://lifepointchurch.org/about
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Our Mission True life can only be found in Jesus Christ . When Jesus says , “ I am the way , and the truth , and the life . ” in John 14 : 6 we believe Him . From the moment you first find life in Christ , you will continually find life by engaging in Living Worship and Living to Gather . Then sharing life by Living Sent with the gospel . We fulfill our mission through weekly worship environments for all ages where we read , pray and sing , relational connections in small groups and large worship gatherings , service opportunities inside the church , service opportunities outside the church — both locally and globally . Our Core Values LIVE IN WORSHIP LIVE TO GATHER LIVE SENT Our Affiliations Concord Baptist Association Tennessee Baptist Convention Southern Baptist Convention LifePoint ’ s History Beginning over 100 years ago as First Baptist Church Smyrna , LifePoint is a dynamic , growing church that has a heart for our local communities , the nations , and the world . LifePoint is a multi - site congregation , meaning one church meeting in multiple locations with campuses locally and globally . Although the church has a long and significant history , LifePoint continues to adapt and change to the needs of families , communities and the world so that all can know the joy of a Christ - centered life . Through innovative practices and a culture that is real , relaxed , and relational , LifePoint continues to see authentic life - change in the lives of individuals , families , and entire communities . We believe that the Great Commission ( Matthew 28 : 16 - 20 ) requires us to move beyond the walls of our local church building and send the church to be the church . What We Believe About God God is the Creator and Ruler of the universe . He has eternally existed in three persons : the Father , the Son and the Holy Spirit . These three are co - equal and are one God . Genesis 1 : 1 , 26 , 27 ; 3 : 22 ; Psalm 90 : 2 ; Matthew 28 : 19 ; 1Peter 1 : 2 ; 2Corinthians 13 : 14 About Man Man is made in the spiritual image of God , to be like Him in character . He is the supreme object of God ’ s creation . Although man has tremendous potential for good , he is marred by an attitude of disobedience toward God called “ sin ” . This attitude separates man from God . Genesis 1 : 27 ; Psalm 8 : 3 - 6 ; Isaiah 53 : 6a ; Romans 3 : 23 ; Isaiah 59 : 1 , 2 About Eternity Man was created to exist forever . He will either exist eternally separated from God by sin , or in union with God through forgiveness and salvation . To be eternally separated from God is Hell . To be eternally in union with Him is eternal life . Heaven and Hell are places of eternal existence . John 3 : 16 ; John 2 : 25 ; John 5 : 11 - 13 ; Romans 6 : 23 ; Revelation 20 : 15 ; 1 John 5 : 11 - 12 ; Matthew 25 : 31 - 46 About Jesus Christ Jesus Christ is the Son of God . He is co - equal with the Father . Jesus lived a sinless human life and offered Himself as the perfect sacrifice for the sins of all men by dying on a cross . He arose from the dead after three days to demonstrate His power over sin and death . He ascended to Heaven ’ s glory and will return again to earth to reign as King of kings , and Lord of lords . Matthew 1 : 22 , 23 ; Isaiah 9 : 6 ; John 1 : 1 - 5 , 14 : 10 - 30 ; Hebrews 4 : 14 , 15 ; 1 Corinthians 15 : 3 , 4 ; Romans 1 : 3 , 4 ; Acts 1 : 9 - 11 ; Timothy 6 : 14 , 15 ; Titus 2 : 13 About Salvation Salvation is a gift from God to man . Man can never make up for his sin by self - improvement or good works . Only by trusting in Jesus Christ as God ’ s offer of forgiveness can man be saved from sin ’ s penalty . Eternal life begins the moment one receives Jesus Christ into his life by faith . Romans 6 : 23 ; Ephesians 2 : 8 , 9 ; John 14 : 6 , 1 : 12 ; Titus 3 : 5 ; Galatians 3 : 26 ; Romans 5 : 1 About Eternal Security Because God gives man eternal life through Jesus Christ , the believer is secure in salvation for eternity . Salvation is maintained by the grace and power of God , not by the self - effort of the Christian . It is the grace and keeping power of God that gives this security . John 10 : 29 ; 2 Timothy 1 : 12 ; Hebrews 7 : 25 ; 10 : 10 , 14 ; 1 Peter 3 : 5 About the Holy Spirit The Holy Spirit is equal with the Father and the Son as God . He is present in the world to make men aware of their need for Jesus Christ . He also lives in every Christian from the moment of salvation . He provides the Christian with power for living , understanding of spiritual truth , and guidance in doing what is right . The Christian seeks to live under His control daily . 2 Corinthians 3 : 17 ; John 16 : 7 - 13 , 14 : 16 , 17 ; Act 1 : 8 ; 1 Corinthians 2 : 12 , 3 : 16 ; Ephesians 1 : 13 ; Galatians 5 : 25 ; Ephesians 5 : 1 About the Bible The Bible is God ’ s word to all men . It was written by human authors , under the supernatural guidance of the Holy Spirit . It is the supreme source of truth for Christian beliefs and living . Because it is inspired by God , it is truth without any mixture of error . 2 Timothy 3 : 16 ; 2 Peter 1 : 20 , 21 ; 2 Timothy 1 : 13 ; Psalm 119 : 105 , 160 , 12 : 6 ; Proverbs 30 : 5 The Doctrinal Statements Adopted by LifePoint Church ’ s Board of Directors : The Baptist Faith and Message 2000 The Danvers Statement on Biblcal Manhood & Womanhood The Nashville Statement on Biblical Sexuality
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[
"Jesus Christ .",
"John 14 : 6",
"spiritual image"
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http://lifestyle.howstuffworks.com/crafts/animal-crafts/how-to-hang-a-bird-house.htm
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HowStuffWorks Lifestyle Crafts Animal Crafts How to Hang a Bird House by HowStuffWorks . com Contributors Up Next Building and maintaining bird houses is an excellent family project . After the bird house is finished , you can all go outside together to hang it up and welcome the local birds to your yard . Setting up a bird house will allow your family to view the wide range of beautiful birds that inhabit your environment . Read the tips listed below and learn about how to hang a bird house . Secure the bird house Make sure your bird house is properly secured to your tree or post , so that it can support the weight of the birds . Purchase two mending plates ( steel plates with three eyelets ) to fix the bird house firmly in place . Place one plate at the top and one at the bottom of the bird house . Secure each plate to the bird house and to the tree by driving ¾ - inch screws through the eyelets on the plates and into the tree or post [ source : Snyder ] . Choose a location Where you hang your bird house will determine how many birds will visit . Similarly , the height at which you place the bird house will determine what types of birds will visit . Refer to a bird house chart to make sure you place your bird house at the correct height to attract the birds from your region [ source : Snyder ] . Attach a predator guard To ensure that you provide the birds with a safe home , it ' s advisable to attach a predator guard below the bird house . There are a variety of guards , including conical metal collars and galvanized stovepipe , that will protect the birds from raccoons and snakes that climb up poles and into bird houses to find prey [ source : Cornell
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[
"Bird House",
"predator guard"
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http://lifestyle.howstuffworks.com/crafts/other-arts-crafts/science-projects-for-kids-chemical-reactions11.htm
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HowStuffWorks Lifestyle Crafts Science Projects Science Projects for Kids : Chemical Reactions by the Editors of Publications International , Ltd . Emulsion Experiment Prev NEXT Find out the missing ingredient needed to mix oil and vinegar with an emulsion experiment . © 2007 Publications International , Ltd . Have your kids mix up an emulsion experiment to figure out what eggs - tra ingredient is needed to keep vinegar and oil together . Do not taste or eat anything you make in chemistry . What You ' ll Need : Measuring cup and spoon Vegetable oil 2 mixing bowls Vinegar Mixing spoon Eggbeater 1 egg , separated How to Make an Emulsion Experiment : Step 1 : Have your kids add 1 / 2 cup vegetable oil to a mixing bowl . Then have them mix in one teaspoon vinegar . Note what happens . Step 2 : They should use the eggbeater to mix the vinegar and oil . Have your kids stop mixing , and watch the mixture for a few minutes . Note what happens . Your kids have shown that vinegar and oil do n ' t stay mixed . Step 3 : In another mixing bowl , have your kids add one teaspoon vinegar and one egg yolk . They should beat the egg mixture until it is good and sticky . Step 4 : Ask your children to add one cup oil and two teaspoons vinegar . Have them mix the egg mixture together with the eggbeater . Have everyone observe - - now the oil and vinegar have been mixed . When your kids put the oil and vinegar together , the vinegar sank to the bottom of the bowl . When they mixed it , the vinegar broke into tiny drops and the solutions seemed to mix . But after a while the little drops of vinegar combined to form bigger drops . These drops slowly sank to the bottom , and Keep reading science projects for kids : chemical reactions to learn how your kids can bend and tie chicken bones into a knot . For more super science projects for kids , check out : Science Projects for Kids : States of Matter Science Projects for Kids : Light and Heat Fun Fact When two liquids do not mix , they are said to be immiscible . Chemicals that act like lecithin to mix immiscible liquids are called emulsifiers . Detergents are emulsifiers ; they break up oil into smaller sizes so it can be more easily washed from clothes or dishes . 1 2 12 13 14 NEXT
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[
"Science Projects",
"Chemical Reactions",
"Emulsion Experiment"
] |
http://lifestyle.howstuffworks.com/family/parenting/tweens-teens/teen-too-young-for-teeth-whitening.htm
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HowStuffWorks Lifestyle Family Parenting Tweens and Teens Is your teen too young for teeth whitening ? by Maria Trimarchi NEXT If you decide that tooth whitening is a viable option for your older teen , consider a treatment at the dentist ' s office instead of using an at - home kit . © iStockphoto / Thinkstock Since the first at - home whitening system was released to Americans in 1989 , the U.S. has sought and bought whitening products with vigor , making teeth whitening one of the most popular cosmetic dental procedures in the country . In fact , Americans spent $ 1.4 billion in 2006 on at - home , over - the - counter teeth whitening products such as whitening strips , tray , gels , rinses and toothpastes [ source : Mapes ] . Why are white teeth so important to us ? Most people would agree that a good smile tips the scales favorably for us socially . We believe in the power of a white smile to not only make us look younger , but to also make us more attractive to potential mates and more successful in our careers . That ' s a lot of responsibility for teeth . As we age , our teeth naturally begin to become stained or darken . What we eat and drink affects the color of our tooth enamel , often giving teeth a yellow tint . But it ' s not just our morning coffee or evening glass of cabernet sauvignon that are to blame . Certain antibiotics , illnesses and our genes also play a role in how white our pearly whites are . There are a few types of whitening systems available to fix the problem . At - home , over - the - counter bleaching kit options include strips or trays , or there are also special whitening toothpastes and mouthwashes that promise to polish stains away . Dentists offer additional in - office tooth whitening options , including custom - made take - home trays and in - office laser treatments . No matter which you choose , you ' re likely to see some whitening results . If a product contains bleach ( peroxide ) , it will whiten your teeth . But not all treatments are created equal . It ' s the concentration or percent of hydrogen peroxide a teeth - whitening system contains and the amount of time it ' s in contact with your teeth that determines its effectiveness . While at - home kits are safe for adults as long as you follow directions , treatments under the supervision of your dentist are often more powerful dentist or dental hygienist can offer the best advice for whitening your smile . Despite how safe it seems , is tooth whitening safe for everyone ? Let ' s look at the side effects and drawbacks of the process , as well as why there is a recommended age requirement . 1 2 NEXT
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[
"teeth whitening",
"cosmetic dental procedures",
"cabernet sauvignon"
] |
http://lifestyle.howstuffworks.com/style/makeup/face/how-to-use-different-types-of-makeup-brushes2.htm
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HowStuffWorks Lifestyle Style Makeup Face Makeup How to Use Different Types of Makeup Brushes How to Use a Face Contour Brush Prev NEXT Use this brush to play up your angles . iStockphoto / Thinkstock You know how the top fashion models have great cheekbones that make their faces look both refined and a little fierce at the same time ? They ' re relying on more than nature to get that chiseled look . They ' re likely using a tinted powder for shading , and a contour brush to distribute the color without leaving a telltale stripe behind . Somewhat like a blusher , a contouring brush helps add definition to the face , but this is more about suggesting an underlying structure than adding a healthy glow . If you have a The brush - - With firmer bristles than a blusher brush , a contour brush usually also has an angled tip . There is some overlap between blusher and contour brushes , so experiment with a few to find a style that works for you . The angle on the head of the brush helps define the more precise lines used in contouring with a bronzer product . The firmer bristles then help blend the powder so the line disappears , but the slight shading remains . The technique - - Always tap excess powder off the brush before applying it below your cheekbones or jaw . Position the brush with the bottom bristles facing the direction in which your hand is moving , so you ' re working with the flow of the brush and not against it . A contour brush is also effective at creating a more chiseled nose by adding shading on either side of the nose just below the bridge . You can use a contour brush to apply blusher , too , but if you think your features need better definition , using a 1 2 3 4 8 NEXT
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[
"Makeup Brushes",
"Face Contour Brush"
] |
http://lifestyle.howstuffworks.com/weddings/family-gifts/wedding-registry-wedding-gifts/guests-wedding-gifts.htm
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HowStuffWorks Lifestyle Weddings Family & Gifts Wedding Registry & Wedding Gifts Are guests expected to give engagement , shower and wedding gifts ? by Linda C . Brinson NEXT Image Gallery : Wedding Registry Basics Is the bride ' s registry sending you into sticker shock ? See pictures of wedding registry basics © iStockphoto . com / sturti A wedding is a joyous occasion , right ? It usually is , anyway . If two people you care about have decided to take that big step , you ought to be happy for them . You should be excited about the prospect of sharing in their big day - - in person if possible - - and at least in wishing them well . But then reality starts to intrude . How much is your joy going to cost you ? Make no mistake : Weddings are one of the biggest gift - giving - and - getting occasions in our culture . Of course , the specter of the big day raises a host of questions . What sort of present do you have to give ? How much should it cost ? And if you ' re close enough to the happy couple to be included in engagement celebrations and showers as well as the wedding day festivities , must you come up with a gift for every event ? Much has changed in social customs and expectations over the recent decades . But when a wedding is involved , traditional etiquette usually comes into play . The apparel , the music , the venue - - many wedding details change from year to year . When it gets down to the essentials , however , most people - - those getting married as well as those celebrating with them - - stick with tried - and - true notions of propriety . And giving gifts is one of the big wedding essentials . The technically correct word on wedding gifts , according to most etiquette experts , is that no one is required to give one . A wedding invitation is just that , an invitation to relatives and friends to join in the celebration . You wo n ' t need to bring a gift as the price of admission . If those who are invited feel moved to show their support and friendship with a gift , then the wedding couple should be grateful . Custom , however , is different . According to custom , the answer to whether to give gifts for engagements , showers and weddings is : maybe , yes and yes . Keep reading , and you ' ll find that the present puzzle is really pretty simple - - and it does n ' t have to break the bank 1 2 3 NEXT
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"wedding gifts"
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http://lifestyle.howstuffworks.com/weddings/style/wedding-formal-wear/10-things-never-wear-to-wedding.htm
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HowStuffWorks Lifestyle Weddings Wedding Style Bridesmaid Dresses & Formal Wear 10 Things You Should Never , Ever Wear to a Wedding by Chris Obenschain NEXT Start the Countdown Whoa , glamazon ! It ' s a wedding , not a burlesque show . Tone down the makeup to be a well - groomed guest . iStockphoto / Thinkstock You might wear a uniform or follow an office dress code Monday through Friday , and on the weekend , you like to have a little fun with fashion . Your friend ' s wedding is n ' t the place to test drive your new romper or rock those $ 200 jeans you just splurged on . But you already knew that , right ? There are a few gray areas when it comes to appropriate wedding guest attire . Maybe that cocktail dress has a questionable hemline - - or it might be the same color the bridal party is wearing . There are plenty of clothing options that ' ll turn you into an unintentional eyesore at any union , but you do n ' t have to earn the ire of every bride and groom you know . Just follow this list of 10 things you should never wear to a wedding , and you ' ll keep receiving those invitations It ' s always in style and looks flattering on almost everybody , but according to some , it should never be worn to a wedding . Up first , find out the dos and don ' ts about wearing nature ' s darkest color to one of life ' s brightest events . NEXT
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[
"Wedding Style",
"bride"
] |
http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/benefits-of-curd-1906.html
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Health Benefits of Curd Curd , also known as yogurt , can be described as a dairy product that is made from fermented milk . In other words , when milk is curdled with rennet , or an edible acidic substance such as lemon juice or vinegar , and the liquid portion is drained off , what remains is known as curd . The quality of yogurt depends on the starter used to curdle it , while the time taken to curdle depends upon the level of heat . In hot weather , it takes less than 6 hours for the curling process to Nutritional Value of Curd Nutrients / 100gm Content Calories 61 Carbohydrates 4.7 g Proteins 5.1 g Total Fats 3.5 g Minerals Calcium 121 mg Iron 0.1 mg phosphorus 141 mg Magnesium 12.0 mg Phosphorus 95.0 mg Selenium 2.2 mcg Electrolytes Potassium 155 mg Sodium 46.0 mg Vitamins Vitamin A 99.0 IU Vitamin C 0.5 mg Riboflavin 0.1 mg vitamin K 0.2 mcg vitamin B12 0.4 mcg vitamin B2 0.2 mg Folate 7 mcg Health & Nutrition Benefits of Eating Yogurt Consumption of yogurt or curd has been associated with strengthening of the immune system . One serving of yogurt per day is said to be beneficial for those suffering from osteoporosis . Low - fat or skim curd is good for people who are suffering from higher levels of cholesterol . Even those who are lactose - intolerant can consume yogurt , as bacteria present in it breaks down the lactose before it enters your body . The bacteria in curd can help digest food and thus , alleviate the problem of stomach infection . Those suffering from vaginal infection have also been found to have benefited from yogurt . Studies have suggested that consumption of curd might help reduce the risk of high blood pressure . The active culture of yogurt has been found to be beneficial in case of constipation and colon cancer . Curd is also said to be helpful in treating inflammatory bowel disease and H . pylori infection . Yogurt helps you feel fuller and is thus , a very good snack for those trying to lose weight . Being rich in calcium , curd is good for the health of bones as well as the teeth . For those who have difficulty in the digestion of lactose in milk , yogurt is an important source of calcium . Curd contains an enzyme which breaks down lactose to aid proper digestion . Eating yogurt on a regular basis can help you absorb the nutrients in other foods as well . Consumption of curd helps preventing diseases such as dysentery . Curd is beneficial for those suffering from vaginal infection . Curd is also a beauty product . It acts as skin bleach and renders softness to the skin . Henna mixed with curd is effective for dandruff . It also acts as a hair conditioner and is remedial for sunburns . Curd helps in the treatment of insomnia . Massaging the head with curd helps the patient as it induces sleep . Curd is effective in treating jaundice . Regularly consuming curd helps in cleaning the colon , get rid of disease causing bacteria and thus prevents colon cancer . Curd is rich in vitamin D which helps our body to absorb and use calcium . This vitamin is essential for people who are above fifty years of age . Curd is effective in controlling dandruff . Applying the curd on hair and leaving it for almost thirty minutes and then washing it off using shampoo prevents dandruff . Curd is effective in lowering blood pressure . It also reduces bad cholesterol and lowers the risk of heart attack . Buying and Storing tips Look for curd made from organic milk ; they are available in varied flavours and sizes . Use fresh curd ; stale curd has plenty of side effects like diarrhea , vomiting , and abdominal cramping . To preserve the freshness of the curd , store it in fridge at a temperature less than 5 ° C for several weeks . Cooking tips A bowl of fresh curd and fruits is a great way to start your day . Add sour curd to salads and smoothies , which make it taste better . Sour curd is added to vegetable curries instead of tomatoes to make it rich and delicious . Add cubes of cooked eggplant to plain yogurt , mint leaves , garlic and cayenne . Mix granola or cold cereal with yogurt to make cereal and milk breakfast .
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[
"Curd",
"Health Benefits",
"immune system ."
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http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/imagery-examples-11095.html
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Imagery Examples " He leaped upon the rail and balanced himself there , to get greater elevation ; his pipe , striking a rope , was knocked from his mouth . He lunged for it ; a short , hoarse cry came from his lips as he realized he had reached too far and had lost his balance . The cry was pinched off short as the blood - warm waters of the Caribbean Sea closed over his head . " This picturesque illustration from Richard Connell ’ s ‘ The Most Dangerous Game ’ is nothing short of a visual treat Examples Of Imagery In Prose The taste of that first defeat was bitter indeed . He fumed and charged like an angry bull . The eerie silence was shattered by her scream . The crimson liquid spilled from the neck of the white dove , staining and matting its pure , white feathers . He could hear his world crashing down when he heard the news about her . He fell down like an old tree falling down in a storm . After that first sale , his cash register never stopped ringing . The sky looked like the untouched canvas of an artist . The music coursed through us , shaking our bodies as if it came from within us . The spongy soufflé was a pleasure to squeeze . She was like a melody in flesh and blood . Her blue eyes were as bright as the Sun , blue as the sky , but soft as silk . He could never escape from the iron grip of desire . The word spread like leaves in a storm . The lake was left shivering by the touch of morning wind . They fought like cats and dogs . He lost his voice in the cacophony of conformity . Though I was on the sheer face of a mountain , the feeling of swinging through the air was euphoric , almost like flying without wings . Her face blossomed when she caught a glance of him . He could hear the footsteps of doom nearing . The ants began their daily marching drill . She was like a breath of fresh air infusing life back into him . In Poetry The winter evening settles down With smell of steaks in passageways . Six o ' clock . The burnt - out ends of smoky days . And now a gusty shower wraps The grimy scraps Of withered leaves about your feet And newspapers from vacant lots ; The showers beat On broken blinds and chimney - pots , And at the corner of the street A lonely cab - horse steams and stamps . And then the lighting of the lamps . T.S Eliot ( Prelude ) O wild West Wind , thou breath of Autumn ' s being , Thou , from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven , like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing , Yellow , and black , and pale , and hectic red , Pestilence - stricken multitudes : O thou , Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed The wingèd seeds , where they lie cold and low , Each like a corpse within its grave , until Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow Her clarion o ' er the dreaming earth , and fill ( Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air ) With living hues and odours plain and hill : Wild Spirit , which art moving everywhere ; Destroyer and Preserver ; hear , O hear ! P . B . Shelley ( Ode To The West Wind )
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[
"Imagery",
"greater elevation",
"Caribbean Sea"
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http://lifetrainingonline.com/blog/the-emotional-bank-account.htm
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Body for Life Week 2 Update Overcoming Procrastination with Preparation and Planning The Emotional Bank Account When it comes to improving and maintaining our relationships with others Stephen Coveys metaphor of the Emotional Bank Account is probably one of the most powerful ideas ever created for the development of interpersonal relationships If youve never heard of this it basically means that anyone with whom we have a relationship with whether it be our coworkers family or friends we maintain a personal emotional bank account with them This account begins on a neutral balance And just as with any bank account we can make deposits and withdrawals However instead of dealing with units of monetary value we The emotional units that Covey speaks of are centered around trust When we make emotional deposits into someones bank account their fondness trust and confidence in us grows And as a result our relationship develops and grows If we can keep a positive reserve in our relationships by making regular deposits there will be greater tolerance for our mistakes and well enjoy open communication with that person On the contrary when we make withdrawals and our balance becomes low or even overdrawn bitterness mistrust and discord develops If we are to salvage the relationship we must make a conscious effort This post will discuss Coveys six major ways of making deposits into these Emotional Bank Accounts and how we can avoid making withdrawals 1 Understanding the Individual In Coveys book seven habits of highly effective people one of the seven habits is seek first to understand then to be understood Truly understanding what others are feeling is not always that easy We must remove ourselves from our egocentric viewpoint and put ourselves into the minds and shoes of others I say minds and shoes because we must try to first understand the thought patterns and second walk in their shoes or empathize with them One of my major faults when communicating with others is while they are talking I tend to think what I am going to say next Truly understanding someone requires us to wholly and completely concentrate on what the other person is trying to say not reloading just waiting to fire off your response 2 Keeping Commitments Certainly when we break our promises to others we make major withdrawals from their Emotional Bank Accounts However keeping commitments is not just relegated to promises It also includes things such as arriving to work and appointments on time fulfilling our duties and living up to every word that comes out of our mouth 3 Clarifying Expectations There is nothing more frustrating in a relationship than not understanding what is expected of you Although many of us wish we could be we are not mind readers And because each of us sees life differently and has different backgrounds and life experiences expecting someone to just know is not only unfair but completely unrealistic Its important that the person with whom you are dealing with knows exactly what is expected of them Doing this will keep them out of the dark and allow them to relate you confidently knowing that what they are doing is in line with 4 Attending to the Little Things Little courtesies kind words and warm smiles are at the heart of the little things that brighten up a relationship It shows recognition and an awareness of others Its interesting but within our relationships if you want success its the little things that really become the big things 5 Showing Personal Integrity Nothing is probably more damaging to a relationship then a lack of integrity Being that the Emotional Bank Account is based upon trust you could essentially be doing all of the previous things but without trust it is to no avail Integrity means wholeness completeness or soundness In this case soundness of moral character Integrity is the rocksolid foundation upon which all successful relationships are built 6 Apologizing Sincerely When We Make a Withdrawal Granted we are all mortal We make mistakes Thats part of life and learning Knowing when you are wrong and admitting your mistakes prevents the wounds that youve caused in others from festering and allows them to heal When appropriate sincere apology will keep your relationships accounts in the positive allowing you to maintain the balance that has been created in your application of all of the previous steps If you found this article helpful feel free to leave a donation subscribe or bookmark it for others to enjoy Related Posts No related posts
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[
"relationships",
"Emotional Bank Account"
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http://liftbarandgrill.com/newsroom/newsletter/
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Share Lift A great way to say thank you ! Learn More Jan 2019 Let ' s Dine Out Vancouver ! Since 2002 , food and wine fans have been blocking the Dine Out Vancouver Festival on their calendar , strategically meal planning their way around back - to - back weeks of new dining experiences and culinary events . On now through Feb 3rd , enjoy LIFT ' s mouth - watering , 5 - course menu , complete with your choice of Rock Fish or Lamb Sirloin , for $ 45 . [ Dine Out menu ] Take the stress and guesswork out of ( fast approaching ) Valentine ' s Day and book now for a relaxed , waterfront dinner and menu that ' s built for sharing . From your choice of oysters and sushi , then beef tenderloin with crab legs , and dessert for two , you ' ll be holding hands and swapping forks with our 3 - course menu for $ 95 per couple . [ Valentine ' s Day menu ] Wine Picks + Promos These delicious wine picks may just cut your ' Dry January ' short . Shingleback Adelaide Hills Sauvignon Blanc 2014 Hailing from the acclaimed McLaren Vale region in Australia , this classically light and refreshing Sauvignon Blanc pairs beautifully with our seafood dishes . ~ $ 42 / bottle Tasting Notes : Aromas of boysenberry , blueberry , spice and sandalwood lead you into this alluring 2013 Central Coast Pinot Noir with its graceful yet structured body . Flavors of black plum , graphite , cinnamon hearts , cherry cola , forest floor , oolong tea and a faint whisper of watermelon meander across the palate into a lively , bright and very flavorful finish . Calera Central Coast Pinot Noir 2013 With top ratings from Wine Enthusiast and Robert Parker ' s Wine Advocate , this perfectly aged Pinot Noir is on our Bin End List . And while supplies last , we ' re taking $ 25 off . ~ Now $ 120 / bottle ( regular $ 145 ) Tasting Notes : Light straw with green tints . The lifted fragrances are redolent of guava , candied pineapple , lemongrass and citrus blossom . The palate delivers on the promise of the nose , overflowing with flavours of pink grapefruit , honeydew melon and citrus zest , all contained with mineral elements and a fresh natural acidity . [ more on our wines ] Party Size Date Time
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[
"Vancouver Festival"
] |
http://liftgateworld.com/
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New Products For April [ more ] YSL Green Men YSL T - shirt Cotton Short Sleeved , yves saint laurent . . . $ 117.02 $ 42.99 Save : 63 % off YSL Green Cotton YSL T - shirt Short Sleeved Men , saint yves laurent , beautiful in . . . $ 87.30 $ 43.01 Save : 51 % off YSL Jackets Cotton Men Black YSL Coats , yves saint laurent lipstick , fabulous . . . $ 451.82 $ 188.48 Save : 58 % off YSL Green Short Sleeved Men Cotton YSL T - shirt , yves saint laurent suit , hot sale . . . $ 86.50 $ 43.41 Save : 50 % off YSL Jackets Men Cotton Black YSL Coats , yves saint laurent online love . . . $ 329.44 $ 189.68 Save : 42 % off YSL Jackets Cotton YSL Coats Green Men , yves saint laurent online , premier . . . $ 273.48 $ 178.54 Save : 35 % off YSL Green Men Short Sleeved YSL T - shirt Cotton , yves saint laurent . . . $ 75.51 $ 42.32 Save : 44 % off YSL Green Men Cotton YSL Coats Jackets , yves saint laurent fragrance , Clearance . . . $ 463.79 $ 178.20 Save : 62 % off Monthly Specials For April [ more ] Yves Saint Laurent Men Cotton YSL T - shirt Round Collar , yves saint laurent . . . $ 111.33 $ 46.33 Save : 58 % off Yves Saint Laurent Men Cotton Turn - down Collar YSL Polo , yves saint laurent . . . $ 100.83 $ 44.57 Save : 56 % off Yves Saint Laurent Men Cotton YSL Polo Turn - down Collar , yves saint laurent . . . $ 84.74 $ 44.66 Save : 47 % off Yves Saint Laurent Men Cotton Turn - down Collar YSL Polo , yves saint laurent . . . $ 68.89 $ 45.34 Save : 34 % off Yves Saint Laurent Men Cotton YSL Short Suit Original Design , yves saint laurent . . . $ 191.34 $ 96.23 Save : 50 % off Yves Saint Laurent Men Cotton YSL T - shirt Round Collar , yves saint laurent . . . $ 98.45 $ 47.40 Save : 52 % off $ 108.55 $ 45.85 Yves Saint Laurent Men Cotton YSL Shorts Nice And Cool , yves saint laurent . . . $ 90.70 $ 45.60
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[
"Yves Saint Laurent"
] |
http://liftmaster.garage-door-opener-parts.com/keyless_entry_systems.asp
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Liftmaster Compatible Garage Door Opener Parts Liftmaster Compatible Garage Door Opener Parts » Liftmaster Compatible » Keyless Entry Systems These garage door opener keyless entry systems are manufactured by Chamberlain and can be used with your LiftMaster , Chamberlain , Sears , Craftsman , Master Mechanic , Security + , Garage Master , Billion Code , MyQ ™ , and AssureLink ™ door opener systems or any other Chamberlain made garage door opener This page displays Liftmaster Compatible Garage Door Opener keyless entry systems , Liftmaster Compatible keyless entry systems , Liftmaster Compatible 877MAX , Liftmaster Compatible 877LM , Liftmaster Compatible 377LM wireless keyless entry system , Liftmaster Compatible 977LM 390 MHz frequency , Liftmaster Compatible 387LM , Liftmaster Compatible 41A5232 433MHz keyless entry system , Liftmaster Compatible 379 - 10LM garage door opener fingerprint keyless entry system , Liftmaster Compatible batteries , and Liftmaster Compatible accessories that are for sale , in stock , and ready to ship . To aid in your purchase of Liftmaster Compatible products , please Contact Us 877Max $ 41.93 Garage Door Opener Keyless Entry System 377LM NO LONGER AVAILABLE USE 877MAX $ 41.93 877MAX Garage Door Opener Security+ Wireless Keyless Entry System ( 315 MHz ) 877LM $ 39.99 Garage Door Opener Keyless Entry System MyQ ™ Only This applies to 877Max above : Temporary password options can be set for a number of hours or a number of garage door openings Backlit keypad ; works with Craftsman AssureLink Compatible with all LiftMaster garage door openers manufactured starting January 1993 , and all 315MHZ LiftMaster and Elite gate operators Compatible with yellow purple orange or reddish orange and green learn buttons Includes battery , mounting screws and instructions Size 6 1 / 4 " long , 2 1 / 2 " wide 877MAX programming instructions This applies to 377LM above : Works with Chamberlain LiftMaster Sears Craftsman Security+ openers 315 MHz Frequency ONLY Convenient ! Press " Enter " button to close the door Mounts easily to your garage door jamb with improved screw keyhole design Battery operated , NO wiring required Backlit keypad makes it easy to use in the dark Better battery door cover - just push and slide down Battery , screws and instructions included Solid cover protects keyless entry from the elements 377LM Programming instructions This applies to 877LM above : Security+ 2.0 ™ rolling code anti - theft technology Temporary password can be set for a number of hours or a number of garage door openings Backlit keypad makes it easy to use in the dark Works with Security+ 2.0 ™ MyQ ™ LiftMaster openers Works with Craftsman AssureLink ™ openers by Sears All Security+ 2.0 garage door openers have a round yellow Learn button and two antennas Includes battery , mounting screws and instructions Size 6 1 / 4 " long , 2 1 / 2 " wide 877LM programming instructions 977LM NO LONGER AVAILABLE USE 877MAX $ 41.93 877MAX 41A5232 NO LONGER AVAILABLE The 41A5232 433MHz keyless entry system is ONLY used on garage door openers that use the 433 MHz frequency 387LM < = = NO LONGER AVAILABLE ( left ) Use 387LM ( right ) = = > $ 41.93 Model numbers : Liftmaster : 81LM , 82LM , 83LM , 84LM , 99LM , 64LM Chamberlain : 850CB , 853CB , 856CB Sears / Craftsman : 139.53879 , 139.53859 , 139.53779 , 139.53759 This applies to 977LM above : Works with Chamberlain LiftMaster Sears Craftsman Security+ garage door openers manufactured 1997 - March 2005 . 390 MHz Frequency ONLY Rolling Code , Security + , orange or reddish orange learn button , 390 frequency Mounts to your garage door jamb with just 2 screws Battery operated , NO wiring required Lighted keyboard and flip - up cover Battery , screws and instructions included Older part number 976LM 977LM programming instructions This applies to 387LM above : LiftMaster , Master Mechanic , Access Master , and Sears Craftsman garage door openers 390 Frequency The 387LM will ONLY work with openers manufactured 1990 - 1997 that have a yellow , white , gray , or green learn button Will operate one garage door opener Lighted keyboard and flip - up cover 66LM programming instructions 387LM programming instructions 379 - 10LM NO LONGER AVAILABLE Garage Door Opener Fingerprint Keyless Entry System This applies to 379 - 10LM left : Compatible with all LiftMaster , Sears , Craftsman and Chamberlain brand openers operating in 315MHz . with purple learn button on receiver Fingerprint sensor technology makes access to your garage quick , safe and secure Recognizes up to ten unique fingerprints . Only the registered users can gain entry to your garage , guaranteeing secure access Easy to use . Simply open the protective cover to turn the device on , swipe your finger and your garage door will open No pass codes or pin number to remember . Access can not be copied or passed onto others Easy to install - two screws , no wires Wireless , battery - operated . Powered by four AAA batteries ( included ) Weather proof slide - up protective cover No need to replace existing keyless entry . Works in conjunction with LiftMaster 377LM keyless entry , still allowing temporary access via four - digit code Compatible with 315MHz ONLY . Purple learn button Great for families and senior citizens 12Volt $ 3.75 12 Volt Battery for keyless entry model 66LM 9Volt $ 3.75 9 Volt Contact Us We invite your inquiries regarding your garage door opener . For technical and compatibility issues , we must know the brand and model of your opener to help Be sure to include your complete and accurate email address with your inquiry Name Email Address ( accurate ) Phone No . Brand of Opener Model Number of Opener ( located on motor head behind light bulb cover ) Model Number of Remote Control ( located on back of remote ) Model / Part Number of Current Receiver ( located on Receiver ) Enter Security Code Comments : garage - door - opener - parts . com - Owned by 1st Garage Door Openers , Inc . , an independent family owned and operated business serving the Garage Door and Garage Door Opener Industry since 1981 . Providing excellent customer service and assistance for over 25 years . We are a discount reseller of garage door opener remotes , repair parts , keyless entry and gate operator controls for your home , business , or gated community . We carry parts for the following garage door openers : Lift - Master , Chamberlain , Sears Craftsman , Access Master , Sears Best Craftsman , Sears Automatic Door
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[
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"Liftmaster",
"877MAX"
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http://lightningtrans.com/
|
Lightning Transportation Lightning Transportations Driver Partnership 100 Owner Operator Provides Business Owner Support Our operators are the best in the industry and we treat them that way Lightnings Service Excellence With Lightning Transportation you get personalized reliable Intermodal Drayage and Domestic Truckload services Committed to highly flexible and efficient operations Lightning will help reduce shipping costs and give you peace of mind with safe and on time delivery We are dedicated to building and maintaining a long term partnership with our customers Getting the Most for your Transportation Dollars Interchange agreements with all the steamship line Excellent safety record Providing trustworthy Intermodal Service since the early 70s Experienced staff of professionals Qualified individuals to respond to your needs Efficiency through technology Computer Dispatch Control System CDCS EDI capability Imaging capability Customers Your Transportation Solution Drivers Powered by OwnerOperator Contact Us Corporate Office Hagerstown MD Address 16820 C Blake Road Hagerstown MD 21740 Tel 800 2330624 Fax 301 5825898 Operations Manager Maurine Walter Email maurinelightningtranscom Customer Service cservicelightningtranscom Whats New 2015 Zim House Trucker Award Apr 11 Lightning Transportation Inc is proud to have received the 2015 Zim Read More Filed Under News Follow Us Lightning Rules Tariff PDF Microsoft Word
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[
"Lightning Transportation"
] |
http://liloandstitch.wikia.com/wiki/Stitch_(626)
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in Characters Experiments 6Series Stitch 626 Comments 21 Share This article is about Stitch as he appears in the Lilo Stitch franchise For the version of him as he appears in the Kingdom Hearts games see Stitch Kingdom Hearts Experiment 626 Stitch Disguised form True form Media General information Experiments Previous Next Reuben 627 Stitch AKA Experiment 626 is an illegal genetic experiment created by Jumba Jookiba and one of the two primary characters of the Lilo Stitch franchise Originally created to cause chaos across the galaxy he is marked by his short temper and mischievous behavior traits that endear him to his friend Lilo who adopted him as her puppy He is designed to be abnormally strong virtually indestructible super intelligent and very mischievous His one true place is with Lilo and her ʻohana Contents show Bio Experiment 626 was the 626th genetic experiment created by Jumba and the first to be made without Hämsterviel s funding He was designed to be virtually indestructible fireproof bulletproof shockproof think faster than a supercomputer have super sight and hearing and lift objects 3000 times his own weight but not an ounce more He was created by Dr Jumba Jookiba from six or more of the galaxys deadliest predators though instead of him appearing vicious he appeared to be cute and fluffy Shortly after his creation the intergalactic police arrived to arrest 626 and Jumba preventing 626s molecules from being fully charged in the process Lilo Stitch Stitch shortly after arriving on Earth Jumba and 626 were taken to the planet Turo to stand trial When 626 replied to the Grand Councilwoman s attempts to reason with him with an obscene phrase he and Jumba were declared guilty and 626 was escorted by Captain Gantu to be exiled on a desert asteroid However 626 was able to escape his detention cell and steal a federal police cruiser 626s cruiser was fired upon by a fleet of police cruisers and in an attempt to escape 626 activated his cruisers hyperdrive but the damage inflicted on the police cruiser by the fleet caused it to exit hyperspace over Earth and crash on the island of Kauai Shortly after landing 626 was run over by a convoy of trucks knocking him out and taken to the local dog shelter When 626 awoke he attempted to escape the shelter but was forced to retreat back inside by an attack from his own creator When 626 soon after saw Lilo looking for a pet dog he saw her as an unaware hostage and altered his appearance to look less otherworldly and pose as a dog in order for her to adopt him The plan worked and Lilo adopted 626 and named him Stitch Stitch providing shade to sea turtles Using Lilo as an unsuspecting hostage and Pleakley s concern for humans Jumba was unable to try and capture Stitch when he was near Lilo At first Lilo only mattered to Stitch as a hostage but over time Lilo taught Stitch how to love others as his ʻohana As a result Stitch eventually left to find his ʻohana when he saw the damage he was causing Lilos But instead Stitch discovered the evil behind his origins from Jumba Stitch discovers his origins Thus Stitch engaged Jumba in a standoff to protect Lilo which ended in a tie when Jumbas plasma cannon exploded Stitch then revealed his alien origins to Lilo and later helped rescue her using a tanker truck when she was mistakenly captured by Gantu Afterward Stitch was captured by the Galactic Police but then allowed to stay on Earth as exile due to his change of heart and Lilos legal ownership of him Lilo Stitch 2 Stitch Has a Glitch Jumba noticing Stitchs glitch About a year after the events of the previous film Stitch was fearing that he would revert to his destructive programming Though all seemed well for Stitch at first he began to suffer from glitches caused by his molecules not being fully charged during his creation before his capture during which he would experience seizures and temporarily revert to his original destructive programming The damage Stitchs glitches caused began to drive a wedge between him and Lilo and was ruining the latters chances of winning the hula competition Because Lilo was so concerned with winning the hula competition she failed to notice Stitchs glitches or that he had no control over it Thus Lilo blamed Stitch for the destruction his glitches were causing and neglected to help him Eventually the two devised a hula based on the legend of Hiʻiaka but as Stitchs glitches ruined their practice sessions Lilo became increasingly mad with him Just before the competition Stitch attempted to make up with Lilo but he suffered another glitch during which he accidentally scratched Lilo Visibly upset by this Stitch stole Jumbas ship to banish himself to an uninhabited planet where his glitches could not cause any harm But before he could activate the hyperdrive to send him to one he suffered another glitch which caused him to crash the ship into the Hawaiian mountains Lilo then arrived and dragged a neardeath Stitch from the wreckage and into Jumbas fusion chamber praying that he would be okay Unfortunately Lilo was too late and Stitch died However Lilo and her ʻohana s love for Stitch successfully revived him Stitch The Movie Stitch reading The Ugly Duckling to several ducklings Sometime later Lilo tried with little success to get Stitch accepted by the rest of the community Later when Jumba was kidnapped by Gantu Lilo and Stitch discovered the other 625 experiments and against Pleakleys warnings activated Experiment 221 to recharge the ship only for 221 to escape After Lilo and Stitch later heard that Hämsterviel demanded a ransom of Jumbas first 624 experiments Experiment 625 had already been captured by them for Jumba they hunted down and recaptured 221 Stitch managed to quickly teach 221 how to love others as ʻohana as Lilo had taught Stitch and thus Stitch refused to allow 221 to be given to Hämsterviel as he was now ʻohana Lilo and Stitch and 221 named Sparky arrived at the rendezvous for the ransom exchange in time to prevent Gantu from killing Jumba due to one of the 624 experiments Sparky being missing When Hämsterviel forced Lilo to choose between Jumba and Sparky Stitch was on Sparkys side When Lilo made her choice of neither of them Stitch rescued Jumba from Gantu and stowed away on his leaving ship with Lilo and Sparky Lilo and Stitch battled Gantu for the other 623 experiments and managed to release them on Kauai but were captured after Hämsterviel attempted to clone Stitch into an army to replace the other experiments in a process which involved cutting Stitch in half but he was saved by Sparky and went to Lilos rescue The three lured Gantu and 625 into Gantus ship and caused it to crash on Earth and then used Hämsterviels ship to return to Earth There the Grand Councilwoman assigned Lilo and Stitch with the duty of capturing and rehabilitating the experiments scattered across Kauai Lilo Stitch The Series In Lilo Stitch The Series Stitch and Lilo have to capture Jumba s experiments turn them from bad to good and find them each a home before Gantu 625 and Hämsterviel capture them and use them for evil Along the way Stitch meets his match 627 who is tougher than him and he eventually defeats him He is also affected by 14 experiment powers Amnesio wipes out his memory Babyfier turns him into a baby Spike makes him goofy Bugby turns him into an insect Spooky turns into water and nearly drowns him Lax makes him lazy Dupe duplicates him into four weakening his strength Frenchfry serves him nonnutritious meals along with Lilo and Pleakley and fattens him up into a giant bowling ball Swapper switches Stitch and Lilos minds Yaarp blasts his loud megaphone deafening Stitch Snooty sucks out his Snootonium putting him out of commission Swirly hypnotizes him Drowsy in the episode PJ puts him to sleep and Houdini makes him invisible He also meets Experiment 624 Angel who is introduced as a love interest for Stitch Over the course of the series he and Lilo have also had adventures with Kim Possible Penny Proud Jake Long and the kids from Recess Leroy Stitch Stitch as captain of the Galactic Armada After all of the first 624 experiments were captured and rehabilitated Stitch was assigned to replace Captain Gantu by the Grand Councilwoman as a reward but found himself missing Lilo and his ʻohana He was soon assigned to recapturing Hämsterviel but got in a fight with the newlycreated Leroy his red evil twin Though Stitch had the upper hand for most of the battle Pleakley s untimely arrival caused Stitch to drop his guard enabling Leroy to strike the final blow and get Stitch locked in a capsule Hämsterviel attempted to dispose of Stitch Jumba and Pleakley by sending them into a black hole but Stitch broke free and was able to use a rock to cause the black hole to instead transport them to Turo in time to save Lilo Gantu and Reuben from a group of Leroys They then returned to Earth in time to save the other experiments from Hämsterviel and the Leroys and Stitch led the experiments in a battle against the Leroy army Stitch Lilo and Reuben eventually defeated the winning Leroy army with the song Aloha ʻOe and Stitch willingly resigned and returned to Earth to his ʻohana Stitch anime In the anime spinoff Lilo left for college and Stitch felt enough of a void in his life that he chose to leave Kauai and go back into space He started reverting to his destructive programming and escaped while Jumba and Pleakley tried to locate and rescue him but years later he would land back on Earth on Izayoi Island off the coast of Okinawa Soon joined by Jumba and Pleakley they make a new life with a young girl named Yuna and Stitch seeks the magic powers of the Spiritual Stone an object that can grant any wish he wants in this case wanting power But the magic only works by doing good deeds and Stitch now faces the return of Hämsterviel and a onceagain disgraced Captain Gantu along with various experiment threats Eventually Stitch reunites with Lilo again when she now fully grown visits Okinawa with her identical looking daughter Ani though things get tricky when Gantu and Hämsterviel use Morpholomew to take advantage of the situation Stitch decides to stay with Yuna in her hometown instead for the time being Also it is revealed that a special power cell was hidden inside Stitch during his creation This immense power is latent but it can be used in times of dire situation For instance Stitch used this power boost to defeat Dark End Stitch Ai In this Chinese spinoff series set chronologically after the events of Leroy Stitch but before the events of the anime Stitch was kidnapped by space pirates who had failed in their own attempts at recreating Jumbas Experiment 626 research When the space pirates ship is raided by a rival gang Stitch uses the confusion to escape and falls back to Earth After surviving reentry he ends up landing in the Huangshan Mountains in China and befriends a young girl named Wang Ai Ling Even Jumba and Pleakley join in the fun But when the sinister space pirates return and ancient ruins uncover a dark truth about Stitch their new ʻohana must join together to save China Personality Stitch snuggling his little stuffed turtle after a nightmare Before Stitch was rehabilitated he was a vicious hyperactive selfish and extremely aggressive and mischievous creature After Stitch was rehabilitated although his mischievous destructive and aggressive tendencies remained he possessed a heart of gold He also seems to like turtles being there is a picture of Stitch shading two sea turtles in the credits of the original Lilo Stitch movie and snuggling a stuffed turtle after a nightmare in Lilo Stitch 2 Stitch Has a Glitch As well as having a soft spot for turtles he also seems to like frogs He gently moves frogs out of harms way constantly and seems to talk to them as if they are his friends These likes may be a sign that Stitch may be growing fond of Earth creatures Starting off bad when he was programmed by Jumba Jookiba Stitch was originally designed to create pandemonium and chaos wherever he was He was drawn to large cities where he would uproot buildings change street signs and steal peoples left shoe but Lilo changed his ways a while after adopting him at an animal shelter Stitch is still prone to having temper tantrums when things dont go his way or he sees that hes been squirted by a water bottle for something that he thought was good So he isnt good all of the time Or more accurately he isnt wellbehaved all of the time He also gets easily angered by inanimate objects especially the toaster The toaster has popped toast in his face once and since then he has beaten up the toaster and juiced it at least twice Stitch has a huge appetite and gets very irritable if he doesnt get what he wants to eat Also despite his temper tantrums Stitch can sometimes have a little common sense and be more mature than Lilo Such an example is when Lilo wanted to use Sprout to win an orchid competition Stitch wasnt so sure it was wise and he straight out told Lilo that it was her fault that Sprout had gone out of control Biology Appearance Stitch is a blue koalalike experiment with light blue patches around his eyes and a light blue patch running from under his chin down to his stomach two dark blue markings one on the back of his head and the other on his back large rabbitlike ears with pink insides and dark blue tips on the back a wide mouth with a pink inside white teeth a navy round nose navy claws and toes large black tearshaped pupilless eyes a small short stumpy tail stubby legs two nose wrinkles one chin wrinkle three tuffs of sharp hair on top of Reuben s and some of Jumbas other 600 series creations He stands 3 feet 6 inches 106 centimeters tall and weighs 120 lbs 544 kg but is taller than Reuben In his disguised dog form he wears a red flea collar with a gold name tag In his true alien form he wears a red spacesuit with an upsidedown triangle consisting of a red border and yellow center on his chest and each of his sleeves and patches consisting of a dark red border and orange center on each of his legs black belt with a dark red square buckle both black collar cuffs and anklets Because Stitch was imprisoned he wears a prison jumpsuit covered in horizontal dark and light blue stripes Covered in blue fur and having exceptionally large ears for his body Stitch is an unusual thing to see wandering the streets Usually his smile scares people as his gums are lined with nothing but sharp teeth Stitchs ears both have a little notch missing though both in different places although in Lilo Stitch 2 Stitch Has a Glitch it was shown that he initially had pierced ears his lower left ear and upper right ear have a triangular piece of flesh that is missing from them He has got large black eyes that turn green when using his night vision red when infrared vision bright green when xray vision purple when ultraviolet vision and white when binocular vision His front legs differ from his hind legs as his front paws look more like little hands and his back feet have flat pads They are tipped with sharp claws that help Stitch to attack his enemies He has also got some darker blue markings on his back but nowhere else Special Abilities Stitch can think faster than a supercomputer is fireproof bulletproof and shockproof can hear in different hearing levels see in the dark jump very high climb up walls and walk on ceilings roll into a ball has super sight and hearing and can lift objects 3000 times his own weight but not an ounce more Stitch also has the ability to spit acid if he so desires or roll into a ball like a pill bug Though mistaken for a dog this alien actually had the smelling capabilities of a normal dog and also has sharp hearing that allows him to hear people or things within a thirtyfoot radius Stitch is resistant to poisons though not immune to them His infrared vision permits him to locate targets by their body heat and his night vision permits him to see clearly at nightin dark places Being a genetic alien experiment as well he can hide his two antennae claws abdominal arms and three spines that are on his back His feet also have some sort of gripping on them that allows Stitch to climb onto walls and even hang from ceilings Stitch also has both night and infrared vision that helps him with what he is looking for Stitch is also highly intelligent as he had learned English and some Hawaiian sayings from Lilo though he prefers using his alien talk called Tantalog Stitch is mostly physical but also has four basic plasma guns on hand He is also dexterously skilled in handtohand combat using all four arms or just two He is also shown to have a natural battery in his body that can supercharge his powers in the Stitch anime In Stitch Ai Stitch is revealed to have a metamorphosis code in his DNA that causes him to become very huge and more destructive in this form he also develops four tentaclelike blasters Weaknesses One of Stitchs few weaknesses is water he can not swim and will easily drown due to his great molecular density This weakness also led to Stitch developing aquaphobia a phobia of water It is also shown that if Stitch consumes two different elements that form to create a particular chemical compound all of his physical training will be eliminated As Stitch is also 62 Snootonium if this Snootonium is drained from his body he will become temporarily exhausted from dehydration Stitch is apparently allergic to sauerkraut He is also not immune to the effects of the following experiments Amnesio Babyfier Spike Bugby Spooky Lax Dupe Frenchfry Swapper Yaarp Snooty Swirly Drowsy and Houdini Trivia Despite not appearing in the show itself as the show ran for about one year before the movie came out Stitch was featured with Lilo in some online games for the television series House of Mouse In a deleted scene of the original film Stitch was responsible for the death of Pudge the fish This incident made him learn about the consequences of his evil actions and gain a better understanding of mortality It was cut out because Disney figured that it would be too morbid for a protagonist to kill someone and would also set a bad example for children Moreover Stitch is more interested in vandalism than violence Another deleted scene where Jumba attacks Stitch resulting in the Pelekai residence accidentally being burned down was actually going to have more violent scenes like Stitch actually using a chainsaw to attack Jumba and Stitch setting the house on fire by biting apart a gas pipe and tricking Jumba into shooting it with his blaster The final version of the same scene has everything violent edited out and replaced in favor of making the scene more slapstickoriented Jumba knocking the ceiling down with dishes instead of laser blasts Jumbas shuriken being made of hairbrushes and a tube of toothpaste instead of knives and a pizza cutter the entire chainsaw scene shortened had Scrump Stitch catching Jumbas laser Stitch yelling Blue Punch Buggy No punchback when hitting Jumba with Nanis VW the Elvis Presley song Hound Dog playing in the background and the house being destroyed by having Stitch stop up Jumbas blaster with a carrot and then having them both play hot potato with it until the blaster overloads and explodes Stitch was originally supposed to be the last experiment that Jumba created before he got arrested by the Galactic Federation before 627 628 and Leroy Stitch is the first successful destructing experiment that Jumba created after two failures 600 and 625 Stitch is one of two experiments that was never seen in pod form the other being Leroy Stitch appears along with several other Lilo Stitch characters in a parody of the Disney Channel Original Movie High School Musical which was broadcast as part of the High School Musical Around the World oneyear anniversary special In said parody when Stitch and the other experiments are looking up at the ceiling Stitch is colored red and 627 is colored blue It is unknown how this happened though it could be a continuity error In the Stitch anime he talks in complete sentences his English has improved and has more dialogue This may actually imply that his command of Japanese is better than his English since he is on an island prefecture of Japan it is reasonable that he is speaking the local language and thus the Americandubbed version is actually a case of audience filter On the other hand since the anime takes place years after Leroy Stitch Stitch may have spent enough time on Hawaii before leaving to actually get a decent grasp on English It should also be noted that English is heavilytaught as a second language in Japan However in Stitch Ai he mainly speaks his original dialect Tantalog Stitch has a tendency to refer to himself in the third person He developed this habit probably because of his broken English or he had gotten it from Jumba whom he too refers to himself in the third person In Lilo Stitch the only two times he did this was after he was apprehended by the Grand Councilwoman asking her if he has to go into her ship and if he can say goodbye to Lilo and Nani In Stitch Has a Glitch he is shown to do this less often In the English dub of the Stitch anime he does it even less often than before but over the course of the series he seems to have grown out of this habit While Stitch and the other experiments are technically siblings cousins is a Hawaiian term like ʻohana for extended family and close friends although Stitch only uses it in regard to the experiments Stitch loves reading his favorite storybook The Ugly Duckling by Hans Christian Andersen which he obtained from Lilo at some point The plot revolving around the book mirrors Stitch questioning his purpose as it revolves around his loneliness and desire to find a family to which he did in the end Stitch also developed a fondness for ducks as he showed some ducklings the storybook as seen in the credits of Lilo Stitch Stitch apparently has a fondness for frogs as seen in Lilo Stitch where Stitch saves one from being blasted from a plasma gun of Gantus ship He is also very fond of sea turtles and even sleeps with a stuffed one as seen in Stitch Has a Glitch In the end credits of Lilo Stitch Stitch is also seen covering a turtle and its baby with a leaf Stitch likes to dress up as Elvis Presley and is very skilled at playing the ukulele His favorite foods are coconut cake and coffee which are the very first Earthbased food and drink he ever ate as seen in the original film and also mentioned in Stitch The Movie However whenever he drinks coffee he gains a massive amount of uncontrollable energy Ironically in Slugger he drank a large bowl of cappuccino along with Lilos cappuccino but didnt go crazy at all He has also been shown to eat anything inedible and very rarely doesnt like to eat something An exception was in Spooky when he spit out a lemon saying Ew organic implying he might not like lemons However in Shortstuff Stitch as a giant drank some lemonade from the cart he accidentally smashed without expressing any disgust and in Swapper he drank a whole bowl of lemonade albeit modified by Jumba to cause those who drink it to temporarily change colors again without expressing any disgust which would contradict this supposed dislike of lemons It could be that either Stitch doesnt like organicallygrown foods as his heightened senses might have the unintended side effect of him tasting even the tiniest amounts of manure residue he doesnt like the taste of unsweetened lemons or lemon juice or him spitting out the organic lemon was nothing more than a simple joke In the Stitch anime he also loves Yuna s blue crab sushi Due to a continuity error Stitchs ear notches have a tendency to disappear or change position in some works or merchandise Following after Stitch The Movie Stitchs toes have changed from dark blue to black Additionally following after Stitch Has a Glitch Stitchs fur color has changed from dark blue to light blue Stitchs blood is revealed to be pink when a sample was taken out of his body When Stitch has a glitch his eyes glow green In the original movie Stitchs eyes were shown green after he crashed landed on Earth In Stitch Has a Glitch the animation was reused in the beginning Usually when Stitch rolls into a ball he puts his feet into his mouth and covers his face with his butt In Dupe and Snafu his ball form resembles Cannonball s ball form in Leroy Stitch Stitch is described by the experiment computer screen as Experiment 626 Primary function Destruction of populated areas Weapons Sharp teeth and strong jaws for tearing stone metal and flesh 4 clawed hands and 3 poisonous spines EXTREMELY DANGEROUS Since Lilos adoption of Stitch was a legal process under State of Hawaii law complete with legal documentation it can be said that his legal name is indeed Stitch and not Experiment 626 Disney INFINITY seems to reenforce this by describing him as Dr Jumbas former Experiment 626 on the description for Stitch in the games Hall of Heroes This may also provide additional context when he interrupts the Grand Councilwoman to clarify his name in the denouement of Lilo Stitch as he may also imply that it would no longer be considered proper to refer to him as Experiment 626 in any further formal or legal matters Since he is referred to as Captain Stitch when he joins the Galactic Armada in Leroy Stitch it could also be that the United Galactic Federation does formally acknowledge Stitch as his proper legal name if they didnt then he would have been Captain 626 instead In the prequel comics it is revealed that Stitchs genes contain those of some of the most powerful creatures in the galaxy as well as some of Jumbas for brains and good looks One of the genes was a puppy explaining Stitchs resemblance to a dog though Jumba did not know how it got in there In each of the Lilo Stitch franchise s three TV series Stitch grows into a giant at least once per show via some method In the Lilo Stitch The Series episode Shortstuff Stitch uses Jumbas Protoplasmic Growth Ray to make himself bigger but the episodes experiment also becomes bigger Stitch uses his giant size to fight Shortstuff at the carnival but loses Stitch would later be returned to his normal size in order to fight back In an episode of the Stitch anime Shrink zaps Stitch with an energy ray after the latter falls into a swimming pool causing him to grow into a giant Due to Retro reverting Stitch to his original destructive programming Stitch goes on a rampage in this giant form until Yuna reaches out to him and reminds him of his promise Shrink would be used again to revert Stitch to his original size In Stitch Ai it is revealed that Stitch has a metamorphosis code programmed in his DNA which transforms him into a gigantic monster armed with four tentaclelike blasters However a deleted version of the opening of the original film contradicts this In this opening the Galactic Council shows video footage of Experiment 626in his familiar small sizecausing chaos and destruction in an alien city including tipping over a skyscraper by lifting it from its base The existence of this scene strongly suggests that Chris Sanders Stitchs creator and original voice actor never intended or at least considered giving Stitch this metamorphosis ability thus likely making the monstrous destruction form in Stitch Ai a retcon or a revision of the character Sanders did not work on either Stitch Ai or the Stitch anime series in any capacity he was only credited in those shows for creating the characters who originated in Lilo Stitch including Stitch Toothless a Night Fury from DreamWorks Animation s How to Train Your Dragon franchise bears a strong resemblance to Stitch Even their facial expressions are similar especially those showing excitement wariness and anger However their personalities are somewhat different as Stitch is far more mischievous than Toothless This is not a coincidence Chris Sanders was the designer for both characters and codirected both films Chris Sanders left Disney to join DreamWorks Disneys rival company in 2007 due to creative differences over Disney rejecting his original Bolt script and designs Despite his departure though Sanders still continues to voice Stitch in the video games like Kingdom Hearts II Birth by Sleep Disney INFINITY 20 and every other opportunity he gets In Big Hero 6 Stitch is referenced twice the first as a costume worn by Mochi in a painting and the second as one of the pillows on Fred s bed Gallery Lilo Stitch Wiki has a collection of images and media related to Stitch 626 Characters Main Characters Lilo Pelekai Stitch Nani Pelekai Jumba Jookiba Pleakley David Kawena Captain Gantu Dr Hämsterviel Reuben Grand Councilwoman Galactic Armada Pilots UGF Troopers Cobra Bubbles Lilo Stitch Characters Mertle Edmonds Elena Teresa Yuki Moses Puloki Mrs Hasagawa Mr and Mrs Pelekai Susan Hegarty Ice Cream Man Mr Wong Mrs Edmonds Aunt Stacy Officer Kahiko Luki Keoni Jameson Mr Jameson Victoria Mrs Pleakley Pixley Pleakley Bertley Pleakley Charles and Mary Mitzi Suzuki and Kato Stewart Merwin Finklestein and Dean Ellen and Lona Kinsey McKelly Ringmaster Mayor Anolo Nicolé Dr Gladys Okra Sara Mr Cooper Chaps Manny and Sperk Mortlegax Stitch Characters Yuna Kamihara Obaa Kamihara Penny Sasha Taro Hiroman Jessica Tigerlily Kenny BooGoo Kijimunaa Delia Ani Pelekai Stitch Ai Characters Wang Ai Ling Wang Jiejie Meiying Dahu Video Game Characters Dr Habbitrale Guest Characters Jake Long Luong Lao Shi Fu Dog Trixie Carter Arthur Spudinski Penny Proud Oscar Proud Trudy Proud BeBe CeCe Proud Suga Mama Proud Puff Wizard Kelly Kim Possible Ron Stoppable Rufus Dr Drakken Shego TJ Detweiler Ashley Spinelli Mikey Blumberg Gus Vince LaSalle Gretchen Grundler Muriel Finster Other Pudge Jimmy the Cockroach Various Aliens Uburnium Tantalog language Experiments 0series 000Cyber 001Shrink 002Doubledip 003Howcome 004Squawk 005Truxx 006Percy 007 Gigi 008 Carmine 009 Pop 010 Felix 011 Inkstain 012 Antitherm 013 Furry 014Kernel 015Ruggles 016Malt 017Lidds 018Puck 019Clumsy 020Slick 021Twang 022Hertz Donut 023Cylco 024Hamlette 025Topper 026Pawn 027Plushy 028Lori 029Checkers 030Vialet 031Gotchu 032Fibber 033Hammerface 034Splort 035Philip 036Poki 037Snipper 038Plats 039Atlas 040Backhoe 041Kitsch 042Itch 043Cubesteak 044Forehead 045Melvin 046Wedgie 047Lorider 048Echo 049Picker 050Dunk 051Hocker 052Coco 053Whine 054Fudgy 060Plink 061Anachronator 062Frenchfry 063Pufferizer 064Nappifier 065Britfood 066Glam 067Shady 068Tom 069HT 070Flopjack 071Penny 072Stickystuck 073Cornerpiece 074Welco 075WooWoo 076Bath Matt 077Zawp 078Snozzle 079Fogger 080Dan 081Backscratcher 082Plunge 083Grimple 084Subwoof 085Screwup 086Clink 087Puddles 088Decrisper 089Skip 090Fetchit 091Nutsy 092Gutman 093Unkind 094Louis B 095Coaster 096Cable Dude 097Dogalarm 098Cooper 099Spot 1series 100Trickster 101Trike 102Stopgo 103Stamen 104Lapse 105Fold 106Spindle 107Mutilate 108Nudge 109Sounder 110Squeak 111Mulch 112Toons 113Shoe 114Skyooz 115Sellby 116Switch 117Tock 118Fink 119Inverto 120Snafu 121Sappy 122Dorkifier 123Camren 124Rhymer 125Gibberish 126Stank 127Dembums 128Bugby 129Crutch 130Bonez 131Poik 132Spoony 133PJ 134Shredder 135Remote 136Gloomy 137Flip 138Dropsy 139I Know You Are But What Am I 140Changeling 141Burr 142Blondie 143Clog 144Samolean 145Bragg 146Flashbomb 147Newton 148Weasel 149Bonnie 150Clyde 151Babyfier 152Mama Frita 153XYZ 154Frapp 155Burger 156Shopahol 157Hotl 158Finder 159Nacho 160Rabbit 161Grumbelly 162Tub 163Dumbell 164Lesdyxia 165Sandy 166Peppah 167Frizzy 168Redped 169Rolo 170Daze 171Rich 172Ditch 173Mitch 174Nopost 175Kite 176Allsox 177Clip 178Barkleigh 179Bumper 180Boggle 181Roberts 182Ollie 183Detour 184NPH 185Splutter 186Laakso 187Cal 188Forward 189Hotcold 190Florrie 191Roxy 192Breakup 193Will 194Trax 195Whoooa 196Escalater 197Pretzel 198Catrat 199Nosy 2series 200Adam 201Geigenstein 202Jam 203Snipe 204Nosox 205Cheney 206Maggie 207Barcode 208Hoax 209Smoot 210Retro 211Jangle 2122Late 213UHF 214Pix 215Crammer 216Key 217Rat 218Target 219Missy 220Millie 221Sparky 222Poxy 223Glitch 225Mashy 226Combo 227Butter 228Melty 299Kingpin 230Checkup 231Sprok 232Poser 223Pitch 234Shush 235Docker 236Charger 237Blip 238Bworp 239Clickster 240Sap 241Press5 242Brownout 243Pane 244Bore 245Sournote 246Creamer 247Qwerty 248Belle 249Sproing 250Lacrosse 251Link 252Crete 253Uncrete 254Mr Stenchy 255Mrs Sickly 256Addy 257Rattat 258Sample 259Rash 260GPS 261B V Beaverton 262Ace 263SFS Poach 265Wip 26610x 267WishyWashy 268Celsenheit 269Gyrotta 270Gillmore 271Noso 272Wormhole 274Alexander 275TickleTummy 276Remmy 277Snooty 278Pasthole 279Futurehole 280Benedict Arnold 281Ray 282Click 283Quarklifter 284Pixel 285Lax 286Gellasifier 287Burl 288Boomer 289Stringulator 290UPort 291Catalyst 292Whatsamattafoyou 293Vacuum 294Poppapoppup 295Spineless 296Crash 297Shortstuff 298Cat 299Dimensionator 3series 300Spooky 301Progno 302Noidster 303Amnesio 304Drag 305Spunky 306Roadrage 307Anna Stesia 308Jenny 309Smiler 310Fritzabrain 311Yellowstone 312Ben 313Thinktank 314Jones 315Chum 316Morpholomew 317Hyuckster 318Chortle 319Spike 320Cloudy 321Lightfoot 322Heckler 323Hunkahunka 324Ruinit 325Rack 326Pannix 327Molar 328Bugle 329Ava 330Serum 331Shagdog 332Cackle 333Hairy 334Miranda 335Popquiz 336Blooz 337Guilttrip 338Crow 339Crowsfoot 340Nodessertro 341Wafty 342Greensleeves 343Chaching 344Dupe 345Elastico 349Lotuseater 350Addly 351Whoover 352Yvonne 353Blackoutro 354Jesstifer 355Swapper 356Rippington 357Downes 358Manners 359Phoebe 360Drowsy 361Aron 362Putdown 363Crankster 364Sgo 365Queasy 366Xanad 367Ob 368Luddi 369Thomas 370Blueblood 371Simpatico 372Eve 373Worrywart 374Demotifier 375Phantasmo 376Cassandra 377Annie 378Lonelyhearts 379Grudge 380Judy 381Neg 3821Imp 383Swiry 384Woesmy 385Hoobie 386Hitch 387Substein 388Megan 389Facepainter 390Slimy 391Barry 392Margaret 393Missandra 394Joe 395Polly 396Connie 397Spats 398Gus the Second 399SuperX 4series 400Precious 401Chafe 402Chile 403Zinger 404Bloom 405Lucky 406China 407Punk 408Berg I 409Gumshoe 410Jay 411Cowlick 412Char 413Botulator 414Crusty 415Patter 416Parslifier 417Sageonomificator 418Rosemary 419Vane 420Curdle 421Bustduster 422Doublecross 423Filibuster 424Decayer 425Mr Brown 426Rewind 427Toepoke 428Gameover 429Klamp 430Slipknot 431Bluerinse 432Tonix 433Speck 434Monochrome 435Tony 436Steve 437Honk 438Potter 439Winceslaws 440Waistrel 441Choppers 442Moldavia 443Taps 444Pooperson 445NoC 446Jacob 447Handprint 448Diesel 449Bellyup 450Sapsucker 451Pullplug 452Bob 453Trip 454Blackhead 455Mary 456Nub 475Hangnail 458Greaseprint 459Nobyte 460Noise 461Pacer 462Flat 463Keyz 464Sharpflat 465Skid 466Loomiere 467Scale 468Undewey 469Jitters 470Octopalmer 471Sneak 472Little Dorrat 473Tripsy 474Dizzifier 475Therman 476Haasinator 477Buzzcut 478Tire Slasher 479Lotta 480Tappity 481Twitch 482Gesundt 483Hiver 484Buffie 485Period 486Grindz 487Crunkle 488Speirs 489Huggo 490Stones 491Spikyhands 492Milston 493Enguard 494Mortamer 495Joy 496Froggifier 497Copywronger 498Floods 499Brad 5series 500Cooler 501Yin 502Yang 503Comet 504Bling Bling 505Ploot 506Ug 507Woody 508Phil 509Sprout 509ASproutling 510Drill 511Wilt 512Bog 513Richter 514Cone 515Deforestator 516Auntie 517Parch 518Flame 519Splat 520Cannonball 521Wrapper 522Tarantula 523Slushy 524Shovel 525Stoneface 526Gus 527Chip 528SPF 529Digger 530Crybaby 531Hisee 532Strato 533Blowhard 534Crabwee 535Spectrum 536Polar 537Rust 538Autumn 539Algae 540Phoon 542Hallie 543Franklin 544Thresher 545Pompey 546Rip 547Cam 552Astro 553Clipse 554Sol 555Liquefactor 556Berg II 557Cauldron 558Sepia 559Midasminus 560Prism 561He 562Hardy 563Silbert 564Lotis Wife 565Phosphor 566Derrick 567Eva 568Slenky 569Glenn 570Frosty D 571Dusty 572Dropcall 573Handoman 574Lardo 575Magnarette 576Darn 577Oof 578Carrie 579Spinster 580Friday 581Roadie 582Spout 583Blake 584Balar 585Petrifier 586Tank 587Noviz 588Sa 589Stoopinslide 590Baron Meter 591Squidly 592Deodorant 593Heatwaver 594Colm 595Icecrusher 596El Carbon 597Zirconia 598Gluteous 599Tattoo 6series 600Woops 601Kixx 602Sinker 603Zap 604Houdini 605Warpstron 606Holio 607Launch 608Slugger 609Heat 610Witch 611El Fin 612Blandzilla 613Yaarp 614Gunner 615Yogee 616Joey 617Plasmoid 618Crystallene 619Splodyhead 620Page 621Chopsuey 622Jumby 623Trainer 624Angel 625Reuben 626Stitch 627 628 629Leroy Other Leroy Clones Dark End Categories Characters Experiments 6Series Males Talking experiments
|
[
"Stitch",
"illegal genetic experiment",
"Jumba Jookiba"
] |
http://limitlesstcg.com/top-5-cards-from-sun-moon-dragon-majesty/
|
Top 5 cards from Sun Moon Dragon Majesty 08 Sep 2018 Nico Alabas 1 Whats up guys Im back with another set review this time looking at the upcoming mini set Dragon Majesty Were only looking at the Top 5 cards because since its a mini set the lower numbers of a Top 10 would most likely consist of irrelevant cards simply because the set has a lot less cards than a normal expansion 5 Wishiwashi The story about how I was informed of this card was funny as the reveal occurred while we were in Norway to prepare for the 2018 Pokémon TCG World Championships At some point when most of us were just hanging around and watching some streamslistening to music Philip all of the sudden mentioned a new Wishiwashi and we all started making fun of it while brainstorming a little bit about how the card could actually be used with Wishiwashi GX Now that were done with the old standard format and preparing for our first Sun Moon tournaments I have to 4 Victini Prism I think that Victini is a super good card with the right supportsynergy to either apply early pressure or to be a quick game finisher The only reason why Victini is not on the number one or two spots is that all the cards that makewould make Victini super powerful rotated at the beginning of the new standard season which makes Victini basically unplayable in Standard but still very strong in Expanded Especially Volcanion EX and Max Elixir help to boost Victinis power in their own way Max Elixir helps to immediately set up Victini on your bench without having 3 Dragonite GX I was very surprised when I looked at Dragonite GX because I didnt really expect it to be any good just like most random Stage 2 Pokémon in mini sets When I took a closer look at the card I thought that its already decent on its own and knowing that there would be dragon type support in this set I immediately valued the card a lot more And I shouldnt be disappointed cards like Altaria Zinnia and Lance really help Dragonite GX a lot already Its a pretty bulky attacker that can also deal a significant amount of damage 2 Zinnia The next two cards in this list are the main reason why Im so excited for Dragon Majesty and how it might help bring dragon Pokémon that arent already supported by cards like Malamar or Vikavolt back into the metagame Much like the previously mentioned support Pokémon Zinnia helps to fix one of the main problems that almost every dragon type Pokémon has They often have very powerful attacks but to be able to use them you often require a lot of energies of almost never matching types If we take all the currently relevant dragon Pokémon for example we 1 Lance Prism Much like Zinnia Lance helps to fix the setup problem of dragon Pokémon Everyone that has played the Pokémon TCG in recent history knows how hard it is to setup stage 2 Pokémon without the necessary support The last time we had Supporter cards that let you immediately put a stage 2 in play both were used very successfully Archies Ace in the hole was featured in the so called Archies Blastoise deck that won the 2015 Pokémon TCG World Championships in the Masters Division It also saw play in Night March decks that wanted to make use of Empoleon Dragon Majesty offers a surprisingly high number of decent cards that might see play in a competitive environment Im really excited to try out different concepts and hope that at least some of them will prove valuable Honorable mentions include Kingdra GX and Altaria which I think both have some potential but fell just short to be in the Top 5 Also make sure to check out my full set review on
|
[
"Dragon Majesty",
"Nico Alabas"
] |
http://lincolncountyid.us/treasurer/
|
Lincoln County Treasurer Ann Youts ExOfficio Tax Collector ExOfficio Public Administrator 111 West B Street Suite T Shoshone ID 83352 Phone 208 8867681 Fax 208 8862707 FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE CLICK HERE TO PAY YOUR PROPERTY TAXES ONLINE Point and Pay our card processing company does charge a convenience fee of 25 200 minimum for using a creditdebit card Voter Approved Fund Tracker Bonds Lincoln County is currently holding no EXCESS FUNDS Please contact the Idaho State Treasurers Office for more information Ann Youts Lincoln County Treasurer ExOfficio Tax Collector ExOfficio Public Administrator Email ayoutslincolncountyidus
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[
"Lincoln County Treasurer"
] |
http://lindakeithcpa.com/are-you-missing-a-depreciation/
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Are you missing a depreciation add - back ? 04 Nov 2010 Often lenders add back depreciation everywhere they find it … front page , 4562 , Schedule K of an 1120S or 1065 ( Section 179 ) , M - 1 of an 1120 , 1120S or 1065 ( both the left and the right side of that schedule ) ! Often , they are adding back too much . The only depreciation to add back , ever , is depreciation that was subtracted from a figure you are using . Add back depreciation on : Schedule C , Business Schedule F , Farm Form 1120 , 1120S and 1065 , Page One For most of you , do not add back depreciation on : Schedule K of an 1120S or 1065 ( it was not subtracted from taxable income so no need to add it back ) Schedule M - 1 of an 1120 , 1120S or 1065 ( it was not subtracted from or added to taxable income on Page One of the return so no need to add it back ) So what have you been missing ? ! ? ! I received an email from a lender who attended the October training on Tax Return Analysis for Lenders . Within the week , she had gotten an approval that she would not have gotten before the training . And when I checked back two months later , she had used this ‘ new ’ add - back again to change a denial into an approved loan . There is depreciation buried in the middle of Form 8825 , Rentals owned by corporations and partnerships . And yes , she had been missing the add back . 1040 Rentals … Line 3 minus Line 19 ? Many lenders when analyzing a 1040 that includes rentals simply add the revenue and subtract the expenses BEFORE depreciation . Depreciation is separated out after the rest of the expenses and this is easy to do . But on a business rental , Form 8825 , the depreciation is in the middle of the rest of the expenses . Sure , you can still add income and subtract expenses , but then you need to ADD BACK DEPRECIATION . I know , I am yelling , I am sorry . But I do n ’ t want you to miss a valid add back and turn down a good loan . That would be sad ! About the Author Linda Keith CPA is an expert in credit risk readiness and credit analysis . She trains banks and credit unions throughout the United States , both in - house and in open - enrollment sessions , on Tax Return and Financial Statement Analysis . She is in the trenches with lenders , analysts and underwriters helping them say " yes " to good loans . Creator of the Tax Return Analysis Virtual Classroom at www . LendersOnlineTraining . com , she speaks at banking associations on risk management , lending and director finance topics . Social Share
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[
"depreciation",
"Business",
"Farm"
] |
http://lindgrenlumber.com/aggregate.php
|
Aggregate Products All products are available for pickup or delivery . Need to know how much product you need ? Use our aggregate product yardage calculator Please call 508 - 829 - 4406 for more information . 3 / 4 Golden Brown Stone A smooth round decorative stone . 3 / 8 Golden Brown Stone A smooth round decorative stone . 3 / 4 Natural Round Stone 3 / 4 Trap Rock A crushed stone that is used for drainage , driveways , decoration and more . 3 / 8 Trap Rock A crushed stone that is used for drainage , driveways , decoration and more . Trap Rock Dust Packs well , an excellent base material , contains no stones . Dense Pack ( 3 / 4 Crusher Run ) Packs well , an excellent base material , used under walkways , patios and driveways . Sand Used as a leveling course under paving stones , pools and for horse show pits .
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[
"Aggregate Product",
"Golden Brown Stone",
"Trap Rock"
] |
http://lindyhopmoves.com/
|
Learn New Lindy Hop Moves HOW TO DANCE LINDY HOP Stop wasting your time on YouTube to find the right move Start practicing now Lindy Hop Moves is about dancing having fun and learning without wasting time to find interesting videos Lindy Hop is by far the best dance style To be here you are probably like us and you are really passionate about Lindy You are probably taking classes and going to workshops local and international Lindy hop is addictive and a big part of your life When you find it you cant live without it anymore This is why you also love to spend hours to look for lindy videos on youtube And if you are like us you are always trying to find interesting new moves to practice ITS HARD TO FIND GOOD MOVES ON YOUTUBE Youtube is full of clips thousands of lindy hop clips Do you have the time to scan all of them We realized that lot of time is wasted to search for the right clip to watch the right move to practice And while its fun to look at any clip about lindy hop sometimes all you want is to have one specific clip one specific move you can study practice and learn to be able to use it on the social floor impress your partner and your friends and why not share the new move with your community Wouldnt be nice to find immediately the right clip to practice Wouldnt be perfect to have one cool move to learn every time you want A move that is specificly designed for you at your level that challenge you not too much but enough to learn something new and to shine If you have a partner and you want to practice regularly after classes or if you cant attend classes because too busy or cause there are no classes where you live wouldnt be nice to have a place to go where moves have been preselected already and all you have to do its just dance and not worry about finding the right video Online Free Lindy Hop courses Easy does it pick your level and we will guide you for free on a journey through the Lindy Hop world We will help you learn new moves according to your level to make you shine like a lindy star on the social dance floor Fundamentals beginners course Intermediate IntermediateAdvanced Advanced If you are lindyaddicted you can also join the Lindy AllStars program and we will share with you all the best routines and choreographies ever danced Ready for more Ready for something different We have a lot of other dance styles Blues Balboa Solo Charleston Jazz Collegiate Shag Aerials Dips Tricks Tap Dancing Jazz Routines is for all of you crazy about social dance but still shy when the crowd goes wild with the Big Apple if you still dont know the steps and you have to take a break and watch it from the sidelines its time for you to join the family and learn the Shim Sham the Big Apple Tranky Doo the California Routine and all the other jazz routines We also have a Solo Jazz and Charleston course for those interested in improving their overall dancing or simply just dont have a partner to train with Lindy Nerds is for real lindy nerds who love all things related to Lindy Hop Here you will find videos that you can surprise your lindy friends with The followers training program is dedicated to followers who want to improve their technique and put some lovely and sexy variations into their swing Stop wasting your time on YouTube start practicing now with LindyHopMovescom Are you tired of spending hours on youtube looking for a good video to learn some new moves but just not finding exactly what you were looking for Comments comments
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[
"DANCE LINDY HOP"
] |
http://linear.ups.edu/
|
Updated for Spring 2016 courses , Version 3.50 now available . Public Beta of improved online edition now open A First Course in Linear Algebra is an introductory textbook designed for university sophomores and juniors . Typically such a student will have taken calculus , but this is not a prerequisite . The book begins with systems of linear equations , then covers matrix algebra , before taking up finite - dimensional vector spaces in full generality . The final chapter covers matrix representations of linear transformations , through diagonalization , change of basis and Jordan canonical form . Along the way , determinants and eigenvalues get fair time . There is a comprehensive online edition and PDF versions are available to download for printing or on - screen viewing . Physical copies may be purchased from the print - on - demand service at Lulu . com It seems therefore desirable to give permanent form to the lessons of experience so that others can benefit by them and be encouraged to undertake similar work . H.M. Cundy and A.P. Rollet , Mathematical Models , 1952 This textbook has more freedom than most ( but see some exceptions ) . First , there is no cost to acquire this text , and you are under no obligation whatsoever to compensate or donate to the author or publisher . So in this most basic sense , it is a free textbook . Therefore you can also make as many copies as you like , ensuring that the book will never go out - of - print . You may modify copies of the book for your own use - for example , you may wish to change to a prefered notation for certain objects or add a few new GNU Free Documentation License ( GFDL ) . It is this combination that allows me to give you greater freedoms in how you use the text , thus liberating it from some of the antiquated notions of copyright that apply to books in physical form . The main caveat is that if you make modifications and then distribute a modified version , you are required to again apply the GFDL license to the result so that others may benefit from your modifications . If nature has made any one thing less susceptible than all others of exclusive property , it is the action of the thinking power called an idea , which an individual may exclusively possess as long as he keeps it to himself ; but the moment it is divulged , it forces itself into the possession of every one , and the receiver can not dispossess himself of it . Its peculiar character , too , is that no one possesses the less , because every other possesses the whole of it . Thomas Jefferson , Letter to Isaac McPherson , August 13 , 1813 It is hoped that by this arrangement , others will help improve the book through rapid correction of errors and contributions of exercises and new material . Examine an evaluation copy , and if you like what you see , consider a donation or purchase to support this experiment in providing quality textbooks at reasonable prices . " Instructors who wish to teach a pure linear algebra course that emphasizes rigor and formal mathematics will be able to make good use of this material and feel secure in the knowledge that the book is not going to go out of print . Finally , the price is right . " SIAM Review , Book Reviews , December 2007
|
[
"First Course in Linear Algebra",
"university sophomores"
] |
http://linear.ups.edu/html/section-B.html
|
Bases A basis of a vector space is one of the most useful concepts in linear algebra It often provides a concise finite description of an infinite vector space We now have all the tools in place to define a basis of a vector space Definition B Basis Suppose V is a vector space Then a subset S V is a basis of V if it is linearly independent and spans V So a basis is a linearly independent spanning set for a vector space The requirement that the set spans V insures that S has enough raw material to build V while the linear independence requirement insures that we do not have any more raw material than we need As we shall see soon in Section D a basis is a minimal spanning set You may have noticed that we used the term basis for some of the titles of previous theorems eg Theorem BNS Theorem BCS Theorem BRS and if you review each of these theorems you will see that their conclusions provide linearly independent spanning sets for sets that we now recognize as subspaces of C m Examples associated with these theorems include Example NSLIL Example CSOCD and Example IAS As we will see these three theorems will continue to be powerful tools even in the setting of more general vector spaces Furthermore the archetypes contain an abundance of bases For each coefficient matrix of a system of equations and for each archetype defined simply as a matrix there is a basis for the null space three bases for the column space and a basis for the row space For this reason our subsequent examples will concentrate on bases for vector spaces other than C m Notice that Definition B does not preclude a vector space from having many bases and this is the case as hinted above by the statement that the archetypes contain three bases for the column space of a matrix More generally we can grab any basis for a vector space multiply any one basis vector by a nonzero scalar and create a slightly different set that is still a basis For important vector spaces it will be convenient to have a collection of nice bases When a vector space has a single particularly nice basis it is sometimes called the standard basis though there is nothing precise enough about this term to allow us to define it formally it is a question of style Here are some nice bases for important vector spaces Theorem SUVB Standard Unit Vectors are a Basis The set of standard unit vectors for C m Definition SUV B e i 1 i m is a basis for the vector space C m Proof Example BP Bases for P n Example BM A basis for the vector space of matrices The bases described above will often be convenient ones to work with However a basis does not have to obviously look like a basis Example BSP4 A basis for a subspace of P 4 Example BSM22 A basis for a subspace of M 22 Example BC Basis for the crazy vector space We have seen that several of the sets associated with a matrix are subspaces of vector spaces of column vectors Specifically these are the null space Theorem NSMS column space Theorem CSMS row space Theorem RSMS and left null space Theorem LNSMS As subspaces they are vector spaces Definition S and it is natural to ask about bases for these vector spaces Theorem BNS Theorem BCS Theorem BRS each have conclusions that provide linearly independent spanning sets for respectively the null space column space and row space Notice that each of these theorems contains the word basis in its title even though we did not know the precise meaning of the word at the time To find a basis for a left null space we can use the definition of this subspace as a null space Definition LNS and apply Theorem BNS Or Theorem FS tells us that the left null space can be expressed as a row space and we can then use Theorem BRS Theorem BS is another early result that provides a linearly independent spanning set ie a basis as its conclusion If a vector space of column vectors can be expressed as a span of a set of column vectors then Theorem BS can be employed in a straightforward manner to quickly yield a basis We have seen several examples of bases in different vector spaces In this subsection and the next Subsection BBNM we will consider building bases for C m and its subspaces Suppose we have a subspace of C m that is expressed as the span of a set of vectors S and S is not necessarily linearly independent or perhaps not very attractive Theorem REMRS says that rowequivalent matrices have identical row spaces while Theorem BRS says the nonzero rows of a matrix in reduced rowechelon form are a basis for the row space These theorems together give us a great computational tool for quickly finding a basis for a subspace that is expressed originally as a span Example RSB Row space basis Example IAS provides another example of this flavor though now we can notice that X is a subspace and that the resulting set of three vectors is a basis This is such a powerful technique that we should do one more example Example RS Reducing a span Sage B Bases Sage SUTH0 Sage Under The Hood Round 0 A quick source of diverse bases for C m is the set of columns of a nonsingular matrix Theorem CNMB Columns of Nonsingular Matrix are a Basis Suppose that A is a square matrix of size m Then the columns of A are a basis of C m if and only if A is nonsingular Proof Example CABAK Columns as Basis Archetype K Perhaps we should view the fact that the standard unit vectors are a basis Theorem SUVB as just a simple corollary of Theorem CNMB See Proof Technique LC With a new equivalence for a nonsingular matrix we can update our list of equivalences Theorem NME5 Nonsingular Matrix Equivalences Round 5 Suppose that A is a square matrix of size n The following are equivalent A is nonsingular A rowreduces to the identity matrix The null space of A contains only the zero vector N A 0 The linear system L S A b has a unique solution for every possible choice of b The columns of A are a linearly independent set A is invertible The column space of A is C n C A C n The columns of A are a basis for C n Proof Sage NME5 Nonsingular Matrix Equivalences Round 5 We learned about orthogonal sets of vectors in C m back in Section O and we also learned that orthogonal sets are automatically linearly independent Theorem OSLI When an orthogonal set also spans a subspace of C m then the set is a basis And when the set is orthonormal then the set is an incredibly nice basis We will back up this claim with a theorem but first consider how you might manufacture such a set Suppose that W is a subspace of C m with basis B Then B spans W and is a linearly independent set of nonzero vectors We can apply the GramSchmidt Procedure Theorem GSP and obtain a linearly independent set T such that T B W and T is orthogonal In other words T is a basis for W and is an orthogonal set By scaling each vector of T to norm 1 we can convert T into an orthonormal set without destroying the properties that make it a basis of W In short we can convert any basis into an orthonormal basis Example GSTV followed by Example ONTV illustrates this process Unitary matrices Definition UM are another good source of orthonormal bases and vice versa Suppose that Q is a unitary matrix of size n Then the n columns of Q form an orthonormal set Theorem CUMOS that is therefore linearly independent Theorem OSLI Since Q is invertible Theorem UMI we know Q is nonsingular Theorem NI and then the columns of Q span C n Theorem CSNM So the columns of a unitary matrix of size n are an orthonormal basis for C n Why all the fuss about orthonormal bases Theorem VRRB told us that any vector in a vector space could be written uniquely as a linear combination of basis vectors For an orthonormal basis finding the scalars for this linear combination is extremely easy and this is the content of the next theorem Furthermore with vectors written this way as linear combinations of the elements of an orthonormal set certain computations and analysis become much easier Here is the promised theorem Theorem COB Coordinates and Orthonormal Bases Suppose that B v 1 v 2 v 3 v p is an orthonormal basis of the subspace W of C m For any w W w v 1 w v 1 v 2 w v 2 v 3 w v 3 v p w v p Proof Example CROB4 Coordinatization relative to an orthonormal basis C 4 A slightly less intimidating example follows in three dimensions and with just real numbers Example CROB3 Coordinatization relative to an orthonormal basis C 3 Not only do the columns of a unitary matrix form an orthonormal basis but there is a deeper connection between orthonormal bases and unitary matrices Informally the next theorem says that if we transform each vector of an orthonormal basis by multiplying it by a unitary matrix then the resulting set will be another orthonormal basis And more remarkably any matrix with this property must be unitary As an equivalence Proof Technique E we could take this as our defining property of a unitary matrix though it might not have the same utility as Definition UM Theorem UMCOB Unitary Matrices Convert Orthonormal Bases Let A be an n n matrix and B x 1 x 2 x 3 x n be an orthonormal basis of C n Define C A x 1 A x 2 A x 3 A x n C Then A is a unitary matrix if and only if C is an orthonormal basis of C n Proof Sage C Coordinates Reading Questions
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[
"Definition B Basis"
] |
http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/APA/APA09.html
|
APA REFERENCE STYLE : Internet Documents Citation Style : ERIC Documents Citation Style : Unpublished Sources First , many students have no idea how to cite electronic texts . Only the most current style manuals give any hint as to how to write a reference entry for , say , a Web page ; even then , the citation formats are sometimes confusing and outdated . Interestingly enough , it is Web sites like this one that can help solve this problem . Second , compared to print - based resources , e - texts are relatively unstable . While a book consists of information encoded in ink on a printed page , an e - text exists as magnetic pulses over a telephone line . Discounting mishaps such as fire , flood , and theft , books are fairly permanent . As anyone who uses computers can tell you , though , servers go down and phone connections get cut . Electronic documents can literally be here today and gone tomorrow . As we ' ve mentioned before , the whole purpose One possible solution to this problem is to keep careful records . Saving e - texts ( either as screenshots or text files ) will allow you to produce the source for a reader , even if the document has disappeared from the server on which you found it . In addition , it ' s also wise to use many different types of documents - books and journals , as well as e - texts - rather than relying heavily on one kind of source . NECESSARY INFORMATION AND WHERE TO FIND IT : Author ( s ) of document if an author is given it is usually at the very beginning or very end of a particular document ; when in doubt , look for an email address - this will often lead you to the name of the person who authored the document Date of publication if given , the document ' s date will be included somewhere in its text . There is a special way to note if the document has no specific date . date of publication on the web ( or the date of most recently updated version ) Title of document the placement of documents ' titles varies . Generally , web authors place a title at the top of the actual web page . If no title is there , use the title of the window as it opens in your web browser Type of document varies according to the source of the document . See below for details on this citation element Volume and issue number ( on - line journals ) if a volume and issue number is given , it will probably be in the header for the document , close to the title Location of document also varies according to the source of your document . See below for details on this citation element AUTHOR ( S ) OF DOCUMENT Assuming that an author or authors are given , put each author ' s last name , then a comma , then the first initial of the first name , then any additional initials . A period should follow each initial . Separate the last author from the second - to - last author with a comma and ampersand ( & ) . Separate any additional authors by commas . If the listed author is a group or institution , include its full name . In the case of institutional authorship , add a period to end the section ; One author Buchholz , T . Two authors James , M . & Henrichsen , L . Three authors Gregg , E . , Chapman , S . , & Gass , L . W . Institutional author Online Pig Latin Institute . DATE OF PUBLICATION For web pages which give the date on which they were electronically published , include the year of publication online , in parenthesis , then end with a period . If no date is given in the e - text , put " n.d. " in the parenthesis . Standard form ( 1995 ) . No date given ( n.d. ) . TITLE OF DOCUMENT For web pages , give the full title of the page , including the subtitle if one is given . Capitalize only the first word of the title , and the first word of any subtitle ; also capitalize any proper names in the title . Separate title and subtitle with a colon ( : ) . Do n ' t put a period after a web page title - - the period for this element will go after the brackets which follow the document type ( see the next section ) . Do n ' t underline titles of To cite articles in on - line journals ( generally accessible through email ) , you will need to follow the format germane to standard journals : put the article title , without any specific formatting , followed by a period , then the on - line journal title , underlined , followed by the document type in brackets . Web page Investigations into Pig Latin usage in chat room communication [ document type ] . Web page with subtitle Pig latin and email : Who would ' ve unk - thay ? [ document type ] . On - line journal A discussion on international topics in Pig Latin studies . Internet Pork [ On - line serial ] , TYPE OF DOCUMENT Knowing what type your document is requires some knowledge about how the Internet works . The most common use of the internet is still electronic mail . Email makes use of the network of computers that actually comprises the internet , but emailed documents are not usually accessible to the public . On - line journals , however , often make use of email as a method of distribution - a person sends a message with a certain " request code " in the text , and receives an " issue " of the journal by return email . The second most popular use of the Internet is the World Wide Web . Web pages are viewed by use of a " web browser " , which takes text , formatting , graphics and links and combines them on a user ' s screen . Other uses of the internet include discussion groups and newsgroups , which generally deal with a specific subject . Finally , it is possible to download text files - papers , reports , and other documents - which are available either on the web or by using " gopher " software . These documents are not web pages , since they are not formatted to be viewed by web browsers . A particular item ' s document type goes after the title , in brackets , and is followed by a period ( except in the case of on - line journals ) . Here are some example types : Some possibilities [ On - line serial ] [ WWW page ] [ Discussion ] [ News Bulletin ] [ Text file ] VOLUME AND / OR ISSUE NUMBER ( ON - LINE JOURNALS ) For on - line journals which give a volume number only , put the volume number after the comma which follows the journal ' s title and descriptor , and follow it with a period . The volume number , like the title , should be underlined . If the on - line journal in question gives an issue number only , put the issue number in parentheses , after the comma which follows the journal ' s title and descriptor . Follow the issue number - - or rather , the parenthesis which brackets it , with a period . Issue numbers are never underlined . For on - line journals which give a volume number and issue number , put a comma after the journal title and descriptor , then a space , then the volume number , then a space , then the issue number in parentheses , then a period . Only the journal title and volume number are underlined . If an on - line journal gives neither volume nor issue number , simply put the journal ' s title and descriptor , and end with a period . Volume number only Journal Title [ On - line serial ] , 56 . Issue number only Journal Title [ On - line serial ] , ( 3 ) . Volume and issue [ On - line serial ] , 56 ( 3 ) . None [ On - line serial ] . LOCATION OF DOCUMENT Again , the importance of a reference citation is that it allows readers to refer back to the original source . Since libraries and indexes do n ' t catalog web pages and emailed journals , it is necessary to give readers the electronic address of the original document . If the document is a web page , all that is necessary is the Universal Resource Locator ( URL ) address . If the document is an online journal , it is necessary to provide both the email address as well as the document ' s " request message " Web page URL http : / / www . pigpen . com / news_items / 96plj . html On - line journal Available E - mail : nipls @ univ . guam . edu Message : get piggy Author , A . A . ( 1996 ) . Title of electronic text [ E - text type ] . Location of document Author , A . A . , & Author , B . B . ( 1996 ) . Title of electronic journal article . Title of electronic journal [ On - line serial ] , Volume number ( Issue number ) . Email address and request message Citation : Bacon , H . P . ( n.d. ) . The pig pen : Frequently asked questions about Pig Latin [ WWW page ] . URL http : / / www . hamnet . org / pigfaqs . html Citation : Ontoast , N . ( 1996 ) . Communication games for the public school Pig Latin classroom . E - Journal of PL Studies [ On - line serial ] , 16 . Available E - mail : hammw @ pbarrel . com Message : get EJPLS Citation Style : ERIC Docs Citation Style : Unpublished Sources Table of Contents Citation Style : Books List of Citation Formats Introduction Citation Style : Chapters Citation Practice 1 Kinds of Sources Citation Style : ERIC Docs Citation Practice 2 Basic Formatting Citation Style : Internet Docs Further Information Citation Style : Conference Papers Feedback
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[
"APA",
"Internet Documents",
"ERIC"
] |
http://linkingdots.net/The%20Kenniffs%20-%20Heroes%20decimated.htm
|
An older photograph of the resting place of Patrick Kenniff ’ s bodily remains at South Brisbane Cemetery Dutton Park The original flowerbed of which it is said a mysterious black - clad lady had tended it for 30 years has now been replaced by a stone slab . Prison records dating from November 1902 note for the 5ft 9 ½ in tall prisoner , weighing 11.3 stones , these marks and special features : ‘ Female bust with 3 doves and branches in their mouths right - hand bicep , Female head with chain on neck and 5 doves with branches in their mouth left - hand bicep , Scars on right - hand forearm and back of head . ’ Below : Water canister for packhorse , said to have belonged to Patrick Kenniff , now an exhibit at Miles Historical Village The item was presented to , speak donated to , the Miles Historical Society by Ted Lawton , most likely identical with Good ’ s ‘ Teddy ’ Lawton , son of James Lawton . Ted Lawton died in his 90s at Miles but is buried elsewhere ( Inglewood ? ) . THE KENNIFFS – HEROES DECIMATED A three - part series takes a fresh look Part I : Gory Details Steele Rudd of Dad - and - Dave fame disagreed . The question of two men ’ s charred remains shoveled hastily into the packsaddle of a renegade policemount was never resolved to his satisfaction . He was Under Sheriff of Queensland and his true name was Arthur Hoey Davis . He sat beside the Chief Justice during the 5 - day Criminal Trial that began on November 3 , 1902 and ended with the guilty verdict for James and Patrick Kenniff Justice Real ’ s concerns were of legalistic nature . He concluded in his judgment there was no evidence on which the jury could base James Kenniff ’ s guilt of acting in concert with his brother Patrick . Justice Real was one of the four judges at the Full Court hearing in the Brisbane Supreme Court on December 2 , 1902 , at which it was decided to hang both brothers . And Australians argue for their heroes – or do they ? Who argues and why ? Where do we draw the battlelines , let our children and other newcomers join in the fray ? Supporting , questioning or discrediting the verdict , the old opinions and beliefs refuse to die . Have you taken position ? Where is it up to in the Australian discourse , what up against ? Okay insiders , intrigued and interested parties , let ’ s tackle some of the contentions . First , the part Steele Rudd ’ s conscience refused to reconcile . George , the mount of Trooper Doyle , was of the touchy kind . Stated by Const Millard , the fact subsequently entered the prosecution brief . It was printed in the Toowoomba Chronicle . It was also contested by a drover friend of James The Court was plausibly told that George had been able to escape the close guard of the brothers despite their fame for formidable horsemanship . To the brothers ’ chagrin and aiding the subsequent piercing together of circumstantial evidence , it was accepted the unruly gelding had managed to get away , carrying his macabre burden , reduced to 200 lbs of charcoal , with him until found four days after the murders by Const Millard and Jim Burke , stockman on Carnarvon . The charcoal contained the remains of George ’ s owner , Const George Doyle , 32 , as well as that of the manager of Carnarvon and Babiloora Stations , Albert Dahlke , 26 . Steele Rudd , according to Colin Newsome ’ s Paddy , Queensland ’ s Ned Kelly , never ceased to doubt that the Kenniffs should have lost control over the animal , especially since it carried the evidence of their grisly deed across its back – never mind how temperamental the horse was said to be . What happened on that fateful Easter Sunday of 1902 at Lethbridge ’ s Pocket will never fully be known . “ I went over it again and again . The only ones who know , they are well and truly dead , ” says George Dahlke , 76 , nephew of the murdered station manager . * * * The trial established that Doyle , , and Aboriginal tracker Sam Johnson set out from the Upper Warrego Police Station with an arrest warrant for both brothers . The charge was harmless enough : the alleged theft of a bay pony mare . Johnson , leading the packhorse , was the first to catch sight of the wanted men at Lethbridge ’ s Pocket , a secluded spot in the northern Carnarvon Ranges and a favourite camp ground . He had told the court the Kenniffs attempted to gallop off in different directions , but Jim , outpaced by Dahlke ’ s bloodmare , was apprehended . Doyle ordered the tracker back to their packhorse to fetch the handcuffs . Johnson then heard five shots , not all of them coming from his boss ’ pistol . Going by Johnson ’ s evidence , what happened then was reconstructed as follows : “ … James … under arrest by Constable Doyle , Patrick rode round a little hill , and , thinking Doyle equal to James , had ridden to meet Patrick ; that Patrick had shot on his horse . Doyle then seeing in distress , had run to his help , … was fired at by Patrick , and missed , and was again fired at and done to death by one of the men . ” The brothers then burnt the bodies to conceal the evidence , it was alleged . The prosecution further alleged that the brothers intended to take the burnt remains with them – in the packsaddle which they strapped onto Doyle ’ s troop horse George . George , not easy to handle , was assumed to have broken loose . Pressed for time , the brothers would have , despite their undisputed horse - handling skills , been unable to retrieve the horse . Over to you – how probable was all that ? * * * R.P.J. Good is a police officer with 32 years experience . In 1996 his book Ketching the was published a meticulously researched and etailed account of events , but biased , as he admits , by a policeman ’ s point of view . He is convinced it was possible for the brothers to burn the bodies without being detected . He says , “ Once they had the fire going , people would not have been game enough to go there or say much . The had a very wild reputation . Apart from that , the location is in a very thin valley and either side are high mountain ranges . “ The only concern they would have had was how long it would take the tracker to get to where he had to go to raise the alarm , ” he says . As to the recalcitrant George he says , “ They did n ’ t expect Burke and Johnson to be back so soon . Once surprised , to let go of the horse probably was the lesser evil . ” Not only the uncooperative horse ’ s escape was a sticky point . The second part of this series will look at Justice Real ’ s objections , but there were also other considerations . A verdict ‘ based on a blackfellow ’ s evidence ’ proved a strong hook onto which contemporaries hung their sympathy for the brothers , culminating in an appeal - fund to fight ‘ Paddy ’ hanging . During his evidence and under cross - examination , lawyers for the Crown tried to trip Johnson , but his answers came in as good an English as yours or mine and made a mockery out of the pidgin - phrased questions . Mr Good says , “ He never faltered . The police would have questioned him already very closely and would have tried to knock holes into his evidence to make sure he was telling the truth . ” Folktale has it that Johnson had rushed to the camp of a Tom Clancy and sheltered underneath same ’ s table , fearing to be followed and shot . Mr Good says , “ During my research I never heard of anybody by the name of Clancy . Johnson was actually one of the few trackers that made a career of it . He stayed in police service for nearly 20 years . ” He suggests to put yourself into Johnson ’ s shoes on that day . “ He hears the sound of shots and knows one of them is not Doyle ’ s gun . But he comes back and the charge at him . Anybody with half a brain would do exactly what he did , get out of there . ” Const Millard ’ s neglect to notify authorities was another contentious point . Good says , “ Millard was in a predicament . Not having been in the police for long , all of a sudden there was the most serious thing that can happen and he is put in a position to do something . I think personally , he should have done something earlier , ” Mr Good says . New theories that have sprung up since would explain it differently . Some recent voices will speak for themselves in part three of this series * * Who were the , how did they acquire their wild and woolly reputation ? Among themselves they amassed a total of 36 charges , 60 including their Stapleton family in - laws . Addicted to crime , one New South Wales judge put it , and bound to be caught . The Queensland Police Gazette from 1902 dubbed Tom Stapleton , the brothers ’ uncle , a cattle duffer ’ s nightmare , a bungler . In late 1874 Old and his brother - in - law Tom Stapleton became dissatisfied with subsistence living and longed to become men of some means . Their imagined road to riches was never smooth , and their family ’ s band of acquaintances , often met whilst serving time , grew steadily . Petty thieves and armed robbers , but dilettantes at that – their new friends might have been old hands at horse - theft but were by no means smarter than the men themselves . All of them were caught often . But they also encountered peculiarities on judiciary ’ s side . One late November Old was being watched culling 30 calves from a neighbour ’ s herd , safe to assume unauthorized . Be surprised , despite the merry bush telegraph roaring with laughter that the five bullocks had bred , “ … six each , an Australian record … in fact the world can not beat it , ” neither the police were told , nor did their owner claim his calves ’ return . Well , not before mid - April , by which time they had grown into sizeable , - grass fed weaners ! Only then was Old charged . It is reported the jury ’ s subsequent Not Guilty verdict left the judge flabbergasted , but you could say common sense had prevailed . Nevertheless , by 1887 Old wife Mary had enough . The shady dealings began to draw the children into the business . Especially Jimmy , already known for his talent with horses , had taken to it like a duck to water . Mary moved to Sydney with six of the children , taking subterfuge in claiming to be a widow . She worked as a nurse until a stroke killed her aged 49 . * * Below : The turnoff near Forest Vale , en route from Mitchell to Mt Moffatt , view towards the Maranoa River crossing . The ‘ Incineration Site ’ Above : Zamia palms are a notable feature of the Carnarvons . Below : Maranoa River Below : Entrance to ‘ Cave ’ . Notes to the photographs of ‘ Country ’ : Recent photographs of seemingly timeless features such as the landscapes where the once roamed challenge a natural desire to integrate time and place . While a few hours of hiking in Carnarvon country can easily purport your being transposed into the historic setting of those characters of old , rustic huts and makeshift camps just down the track , pioneering life has been so romanticised over and over . It is much more difficult to imagine its social environment from among the trees and ferns as they hold no such messages . The social conventions and taboos of the times existed for very real within an individual ’ s head and independently , nevertheless , and in all probability led to a very different reading of natural phenomena or man - made structures than today . Hence , a different hermeneutic was created , the atmosphere was different in which events could ‘ happen ’ , impossible anywhere else or at any other time . Should we attempt to re - enact in our own minds what life was like back then we are likely to get contorted images . The features photographed have thus become legitimate crutches , mental bridges to the authentic markers and witnesses to the stories told . Therein consists their participation . Part II : Ideology , Identity The previous part has outlined the most serious charge ever laid against the brothers and mentioned points that could not be resolved to everyone ’ s liking . We continue with a most influential learned opinion , nevertheless , unable to avert the execution of one of the brothers , Patrick . Then we might stir the possum , gauge public perception from today ’ s perspective . While Arthur Hoey Davis alias Steele Rudd never believed that George , Const Doyle ’ s touchy troop horse could have escaped from the fugitives , Judge objections stood on solid judicial ground and sympathisers gratefully embraced his argument . The Full Court hearing to resolve two reserved questions , namely a ) evidence of Doyle ’ s death , b ) evidence of either one or both of the brothers ’ guilt , was again presided over by Chief Trial Judge , Sir Samuel Griffith , who was technically permitted to do so , notwithstanding it was an appeal against his earlier judgment . The first question ( a ) was answered in the affirmative – that the evidence was sufficient . For the second ( b ) , proof was needed that the brothers had acted in concert . The difficulty of Judge Real of accepting that they did , came from Johnson ’ s evidence , who said that the last he saw of both brothers was when they galloped towards him , before he raced off . Real quoted an earlier case ( Regina v Leonard White and John Richardson ) where both defendants had fled in different directions – as did the after Johnson had spotted them – and were both caught before one of them killed his captor . Yet , both were found guilty . Nobody in the courtroom agreed with that verdict . But still , it was to little avail . The Chief Judge rejected the precedent because its defendants had separated immediately before the assault , whereas Patrick and Jim went in separate directions at first , but met again before committing the crime and moreover , endeavoured together to suppress Doyle , the witness . objection was merely a too literal interpretation of the law , the Chief Judge contended , upholding the original verdict and death sentence by hanging for both prisoners . argumentation did not evaporate . The Executive Council on December 31 , 1902 commuted James sentence to imprisonment for the term of his natural life , and by a good will gesture of King George V he was released on November 11 , 1914 . Patrick was executed at 8 a.m . on Monday , January 12 , 1903 after the Under Sheriff had dropped a white handkerchief , signal for the hangman to proceed . Over 500 emotive citizens were present as this young century ’ s most controversial case came to its violent conclusion . story is alive today , as are the emotions . And the controversy . * * * The brothers have experienced everything their supporters claim : Police bungles , miscarriage of justice , harassment , prejudice . Sometimes it worked both ways and , taking heart , might have encouraged the ’ continuous breaking of the law . The prejudice question is indeed a serious one . If there ever was prejudice against the it was in the guise of a ‘ special jury ’ that pronounced the guilty verdict at the brothers ’ last trial . Due to the case ’ s perceived complexity men were required with superior mental ability - men from the Brisbane establishment . Propertied men , during 1902 their thoughts had revolved around the implications of protectionism , in favour of which the federated states had just decided . Not a small number had not long arrived from England They were unaquainted with life in the bush where a man ’ s resourcefulness , lawful or otherwise , was often his only asset where the vicissitudes of weather , dependency on the moods of cunning animals , often subconscious , corner - of - the eye observations and unpredictable inconveniences combined to dictate the thoughtworld . The logistics of watering animals had become more intricate as the drought continued , cooking fires had to be lit in cinder dry scrub and flies kept off freshly killed meat . No butcher shop or bakery at the corner . No nursing of an indisposition . Better watch those sweaty packhorses desiring for a roll in the sandy gullies ! Fancy a scrub - up ? Indulge with a pail of muddy water ! These jurors were acutely aware of their elevated but endangered position in society - the class - gap was thrown into perspective during the 1890s with the shearers ’ strikes , and the slowdown in British investment was most discomforting . Topping off the economic malaise was the drought , worse than any you can remember . Incidentally , drought breaking rain fell in only days before Patrick execution . No , theirs was a sophisticated , articulate community , assured of physical security , shelter and moral support from a like - minded , well - to - do neighbourhood , who would judge harshly such of whom they had little way of understanding . Those men , less fortunate by birth , luck or ability , were judged by men accepted far superior . Today , the prejudice claim can hold its own . But would the jury ’ s composition have raised eyebrows back then ? It actually did . But the voices were too hushed . The new , rebellious spirit was just awakening . With the 1890s had begun two decades of invention of the Australian bush mythology . Democracy , self - reliance , class distinctions , underlined by the era ’ s political changes , suddenly registered with the Australian people . Henry Lawson ’ s bush ballads were published in the Bulletin , ‘ the bushman ’ s bible ’ , and in contest with Banjo Paterson , both writers began to define Australian existence and culture in terms of the city and the bush . Cast in appealing verse , songs , paintings , heroes were being made . The preoccupation with its own identity seems curious today . A mere spittle away the Dark Age of colonialism was challenging until senseless a whole raft of time - honoured mythologies . Herself chained to a Colonial Office – Deakin ’ s ‘ charming men and their present inefficiency ’ Australia had no part in Indonesia ’ s bloody and desperate battles , fought as the Dutch resolved to tighten and expand their control . Indigenous rulers , bereft of dignity , were forced into short contracts , handing over sovereignty to the Netherlands East Indies government ; In Malaysia the British parole was ‘ Forward ’ . Being more cautious , by deception and blackmail former indirect control became overtly direct with residents . Nevertheless , the intentions were the same as those of the Dutch ; In Vietnam , brutality of French colonial troops had succeeded to crush the Scholar ’ s Revolt ( 1885 – 1888 ) . Born in 1890 , Ho Chi Minh grew up into a chaotic society , constantly at boiling point ; China , today ‘ the worlds biggest marketplace ’ for ambitious Australian businesses , secret societies plotted to expunge the ‘ foreign devils ’ in the Boxer Rebellion . What of the Australian myths ? Whatever is held in dear memory is more likely than not the sanitized version or an honest mistake . Author Good ponders , “ Back in those times there was nothing much to think about in Australia . Not committed to Asia or anywhere else , was just a colonial outpost that provided food and wool for the world . ” It seems to sum it up . Besides creating legends , there were other priorities : Education policy was still wanting . By the end of the 19 th century the literacy level had risen from 58 % in 1861 to 80 % . In a sudden need to remember who and where they were , full - blooded new Australians would deny Britishness and boost the numbers of the Australian Natives Association to 20,000 at the turn of the century . Generally however , bushfolks were pre - occupied with more pressing matters . Most led a life that was tougher than politics . Mr Good says : “ There was definitely a class structure which passed right down to the who were probably trying to lift themselves up from one class into another . " Derailed from the road to riches , the have become more infamous than they had imagined themselves . But fit to be heroes ? “ They did n ’ t have much of a start in life . Serving time in gaol when they were young , they have almost gone from one criminal event to the next , ” Mr Good says . Due to his experiences in the policeforce , he gauges the tactics from their psychological make - up . “ They operated from a position of fear . They were trying to browbeat people they saw as a threat , ” he says . James had once over 1,200 Pound Sterling in his lawful possession – the whole family fortune . A big - time punter , according to George , he blew it at racecourses and in towns . It took him less than 18 months . But Mr Good reminds us again of their upbringing . “ You had to look at what they had within themselves as to how to deal with it , how to make it grow and work for them . They did n ’ t have the education or will or experience of how to behave and act . ” However , he warns of being too simplistic . “ Others who were in the same shoes did not become criminals . It does not do to explain everything they did by saying they were hard done by when they were kids . ” His book is tainted by the policeman ’ s spectacles . He presents hard evidence in over 400 footnotes , collected over 20 years . The picture does not sit well with the hero image . Mr Good disapproves of the temptation to make myths out of the Kelly stories , the Starlights , the . He says he felt indebted to tell the true story . “ To make heroes out of people who were not heroes is not right . It ’ s like waving a wand . Next thing they will all be saints , ” he says . What if the public does not really want to know the documented truths ? Mr Good concedes it is a possibility , but he believes there will be more information in years to come , supporting his version . “ But I think none of us can say exactly who they were , what they were and what they meant to the Australian history , ” he says . Below : Mitchell Courthouse historical museum , display dedicated to the story . Below : Boggo Road Gaol , ’ s maximum security prison until its decommission in 1989 and now used as museum . Within its walls Patrick was hanged on the morning of 12 January 1903 . James , in serving sentence at St Helena after his brother ’ s hanging , was later returned to Boggo Road to cook for the wardens . Years before , both had independently briefly sojourned at the establishment en route to St Helena Island Part III : Relevance - Where from here ? While across the waters to the North questionable horse - trading went on and injustices were being committed on a grand scale , ’ s identity was being defined in terms epitomized in vitriolic Lawson - Paterson city - bush exchanges . The first drafts of our ‘ white ’ mythology rode on the back of strong emotions . Australians were thirsting for a homogenous , coherent story , which would relate their personal experiences and explain what it was all about they were doing . Struggle against newly - imposed authority became a logical theme , and the were a tailor - made fit . And because documents that led to discovering facts about the story remained forgotten in an old shed at Oakey on Queensland ’ s Darling Downs , hear - say had one century headstart of cementing into collective memory . The circumstances of the last decade of the 19 th century had forced a need for change : Workers craved wage security , the unemployed a job , women suffrage , the economy continuing British investment and most severe , the soil craved water . Non - cooperation among the six colonies had been the result of jealousy . With Federation a new reality emerged . Busy to tame the bush , Queenslanders had no great stake in politics – only 21 % were on the electoral rolls , according to historian Stuart Macintyre . Nevertheless , what reference points are there today to be drawn from a James or Patrick as child offenders or inviting the ‘ greatest manhunt in the history of Queensland ’ after saddling up and riding away a horse that belonged to neither ? Were n ’ t the always tacticians on the run , never strategists ? Was there not a painful lack of a grand plan , instead the stock in the squatter ’ s paddock next door a mental fixation ? TV personality Mike Munro ’ s mother seems to have resisted the popular hype – not happy about their association she never told Mike the brothers were his great - uncles . Useless to ask if the old stories remain valid because , regardless , their content is still being mulled over . So far debates have settled nothing , and the 1996 truth of Good ’ s Ketching the has not come home . No use to theorise – let ’ s go to the place of the story ’ s origin and listen . “ God almighty , it ’ s cold in winter , ” says George about the Carnarvon area , who during the 1930s worked at Carnarvon , Babiloora and Tanderra stations with his uncle , Christian , brother and successor of Albert who was killed by a on the fateful day at ’ s Pocket . He says in the days everybody pinched unbranded stock . Believing the were victims of police harassment , Mr nevertheless is protective of his uncle Albert . “ Jimmy threatened him time and time again . The last thing a would do is walk away . ” He belongs to the ‘ They - hung - the - wrong - man ’ club . Well , did n ’ t both brothers usually claim innocence before the courts ? “ But Jimmy more or less admitted it . Never straight out but he always said they were having the wrong . ' I have nothing more to say , ' he said . That could n ’ t be much clearer , could it , ” Mr insists . , one of the stations which the murdered Albert was managing , today sports an airstrip in front of the homestead . Joan Ham , the present manager ’ s wife , confirms Mr Dahlke ’ s comment about the climate . “ Inside a plane sitting on the tarmac we measured minus 13 degrees one morning . ” But the Hams are not as exposed to it as were the in their makeshift camps – their sleeping quarters is in one of the original rooms of the Upper Warrego Police Station ! “ They ran out of water at Carnarvon and the building was moved down to here , where it is now at , ” she says . “ Some timber in the other rooms was replaced but where we sleep it ’ s still the original . ” Can she hear the woodgrains talk ? There is not a lot of gossip about the place , she says . But she has been at Mt Moffat where ’ s Pocket is situated . “ There is the large rock on which the bodies were burnt . The fat marks are still in the rock , ” Mrs Ham says . Eerie feelings ? “ Oh no , it ’ s been too long ago . ” Peter Beale is one of the few ‘ in the know ’ , and why not ? His family has been in country for three generations . He says he gathered insights from talks overheard when he was a boy and later , from conversations with people of the district . Recall the verdict was ‘ based on a blackfellow ’ s evidence ’ ? It is a point Mr Beale ’ s sources would argue . “ The black tracker had stayed in the camp – he did n ’ t even see what happened . His evidence was prefabricated . ” He also believes that at least a dozen men were in the vicinity at the time of the shooting . He can put names to some of them . He says survival was always a matter of the smaller people against the big companies . “ The country is mostly sandy and rocky , cattle only just exist . Some places do n ’ t have a good acre on them , ” Mr Beale says and reckons settlers were hardly able to make a living . “ Cattle were worth hardly anything and duffing stock from the bigger places was one way to get their own herd going . ” Employment was hard to come by . In an aside which brings to mind George , Const Doyle ’ s troop horse , he evaluates a stockman ’ s chances . “ All the bush horses were pretty bad to handle . If you could n ’ t ride them , you had to leave . ” Below : Mt Moffat country in the vicinity of Cave . Bosses were tough , too . ‘ Hungry ’ Tyson was especially notorious . Mr Beale ’ s comment echoes others ’ . “ They never got paid much , a bit of corned meat , a bit of flour and tea , the lucky ones got a bit of syrup with their ration . They would live on emus , wallabies , kangaroos . ” The prevailing drought would have made things worse . Tyson ’ s Carnarvon holdings lay neglected after his death in December 1898 . The cattle baron had failed to leave a will ! An open invitation to horse thieves and cattle duffers , as Mr Good wrote . A year had lapsed before the new owners , the Collins Brothers from Beaudesert , sent men and a new manager , Albert , whose reputation as diligent , conscientious employee spread fast . Talk about unpopular ! Especially James developed a personal aversion towards , not only because he rode an exquisite racehorse mare which he called Boadicea after the queen of a Briton tribe , but also for his pugilistic skills . Mr Beale ’ s speculation about the “ prefabricated ” evidence would imply a conspiracy of small landholders with some of the managers of the larger runs , including Joe Ryan , Tyson ’ s former head stockman , who might have benefited from the neglect on the tycoon ’ s properties . Mr Beale believes the had been made scapegoats . More people would have had motives to remove Doyle and “ The police and wanted to set an example . They wanted to teach them a lesson , because they could n ’ t hang much on them . The thefts were pretty hard to prove and the had friends all through this country , ” Mr Beale says . Jim and Kate Boyce were among their friends and sheltered the brothers after the murders . In the we read that Jim Boyce was hired infrequently by Let ’ s see – this is the age of conspiracies , is it not ? Boyce , for one , could have it easier without vigilance over his employers ’ stock numbers . Ditch the meagre pay ! Nothing was gained , however , Christian , successor of Albert at Carnarvon , was not one iota less conscientious than his murdered brother says nephew George . But back to Mr Beale ’ s theory . To convict the , it would have hardly mattered that Sam Johnson ’ s was the ‘ evidence of a blackfellow ’ . Aborigine or not , if he had been bought to support wrong evidence , the fact that he was thoroughly socialized into the white man ’ s world , could have been a facilitating factor . This evidence would have been ' fabricated ' by the establishment , comprising large landholders , police and government officials . Mr Beale also has doubts regarding the charred remains of the bodies found in the packsaddle on George . “ They would n ’ t have been able to put all the burnt wood and the coals of two bodies into a packsaddle . I ’ d say that was fabricated too . ” He does not know how and why the bodies should have been burnt . Instead , he raises another question . On the run , just before their final arrest , the supposedly stole a bag of wheat to feed their starving horses , and grains were scattered next to fresh horse manure . “ If they wanted to feed wheat , at least they had to soak or boil it overnight , ” Mr Beale says . " The would have known that . Horses ca n ’ t eat straight wheat . It would kill them . ” If the conspiracy theory had merit , little would it have been foreseen that the scapegoats would turn into martyrs , abandoned to the law by their own kind . How much for mateship ? Australian heroes or but a smudge on the landscape ? That is the risk we take – someone will begin to tell our story . And someone else will interpret . And others will dispute . And more will be called upon to defend the already embellished . Some day a compromise will come about . Is it bound to last ? Honing and redefining will , must , go on , images ever changing in order to be preserved . Rumour has it that the Chinese are giving Confucius a good work - over , Romanians are doing the same with Dracula . What will do with those entertaining , yet possibly very irrelevant who wo n ’ t go away ? October 1998 Below : View from Injune to Mt Hutton . Roma Courthouse , built 1907 . Circuit court had been held in Roma since 1863 and the famous Not Guilty verdict on Capt Starlight was pronounced here in 1873 , upon which as formal rebuke , the court became disabled for two years . Patrick was less fortunate in Roma on two occasions , found guilty for horse stealing in 1895 and for receiving stolen property in 1899 , the latter resulting from the robbery at Yuleba and the stolen cheque calamity . Roma Hospital , built 1943 , began operation in 1870 . Old Kenniff himself had been a patient at Roma hospital briefly in 1908 . Later that year , his friend George Webb was taken to Roma hospital and died there , unbeknown to Old Kenniff who was on his way at that time , about to visit him at home on his property , The Overflow . Upon hearing of his friend ’ s demise , Old Kenniff suffered one of his acute choking attacks and died right there at The Overflow in the arms of William Jackson , who was absence . Railways – The route between Roma and Brisbane was oft - travelled by the protagonists in the story . Here the stretch of railway line between Roma and Miles where the original tracks are gradually being replaced . Roma Railway Station in 2002 . Impressions of the Yuleba station building in 2002 tell the story of many smaller country railway stations since highways became the choice means for travelling folks . It was here at Yuleba where the stolen horses were loaded onto rail , destined for sale at Toowoomba Hunter ’ s store in 2002 , locale of the 1898 robbery , orchestrated to deflect police .
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http://linkshe.com.ipaddress.com/
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linkshe . com - Linkshe Website linkshe . com is a domain located in Chantilly , US that includes linkshe and has a .com extension . The domain age is 4 years , 5 months and 28 days and their target audience is still being evaluated . It receives around 150,000 visitors every month based on a global traffic rank of 159,043 . Advanced stats about linkshe . com are shown below . linkshe . com Domain Summary Global Traffic Rank 159,043 - 38155 Visitors 4.9K / Day Page Impressions 19.7K / Day Domain Creation Date October 11 , 2014 Domain Age 4 years , 5 months and 28 days IP Address 208 . 43 . 231 . 246 Web Server Location United States Last Updated : Mar 28 , 2019 | Last Reviewed : Apr 8 , 2019 linkshe . com Website and Web Server Information Website Title Women ' s Fashion Clothing , Tops , Dresses Shop - LINKSHE Website Keywords Women ' s Fashion Clothing Website Host www . linkshe . com Website URL https : / / www . linkshe . com / Server Software openresty Linkshe Estimated Traffic Global Traffic Rank Approximate Monthly Visitors * Approximate Monthly Pageviews * 159,043 150,000 600,000 * Estimated Values Linkshe Overall Traffic Statistics Time Range Global Reach Global Pageviews Pageviews per Visitor 3 months 159,043 + 38,155 0.033 ‱ - 29.39 % 0.004 ‱ - 28.72 % 4.00 + 0.7 % 1 month 170,245 - 57,804 0.03 ‱ + 40 % 0.003 ‱ + 57 % 4.00 + 9 % 7 days 227,371 + 91,519 0.023 ‱ - 42.89 % 0.002 ‱ - 56.540 % 3.10 - 23.91 % 1 day 276,695 + 81,734 0.02 ‱ - 30.46 % 0.001 ‱ - 52.716 % 3.00 - 31.93 % Linkshe Traffic Statistics by Country Country Traffic Rank Pageviews Visitors United States 68,209 35.9 % 42.4 % Canada 26,688 6.9 % 15.7 % Hong Kong 9,853 21.0 % 10.2 % United Kingdom 56,512 8.9 % 9.2 % Australia 37,619 11.4 % 4.7 % Pakistan 55,300 1.7 % 1.7 % Turkey 185,832 0.3 % 0.9 % Other 14.1 % 15.3 % Linkshe Traffic Statistics by Subdomain Subdomain Pageviews Pageviews per Visitor 97.61 % 86.30 % 3.6 % ebz253xz57 . linkshe . com 3.38 % 2.48 % 3.0 % Other 11.20 % linkshe . com DNS Resource Records Name Type Data A 208 . 43 . 231 . 246 MX 10 ASPMX . L . GOOGLE . COM MX 20 ALT1 . ASPMX . L . GOOGLE . COM 20 ALT2 . ASPMX . L . GOOGLE . COM 30 ASPMX2 . GOOGLEMAIL . COM 30 ASPMX3 . GOOGLEMAIL . COM NS ns1 . p07 . dynect . net NS ns2 . p07 . dynect . net ns3 . p07 . dynect . net ns4 . p07 . dynect . net SOA ns1 . p07 . dynect . net . service . linkshe . com . 26 3600 600 604800 1800 Linkshe IP Address and Server Locations Chantilly , VA , US IP Addresses Location Chantilly , Virginia , 20151 , United States Latitude 38.8867 / 38 ° 53 ′ 12 ″ N Longitude - 77.4457 / 77 ° 26 ′ 44 ″ W Timezone America / New_York Local Time 2019 - 04 - 08 11 : 00 : 16 - 04 : 00 linkshe . com Subdomains img . linkshe . com m . linkshe . com mail . linkshe . com www . linkshe . com Share What You Found
|
[
"Linkshe Website",
"Chantilly , US",
".com extension"
] |
http://linkwaregraphics.com/music/circle-of-fifths/
|
Music Images Free Printable Music Theory Circle of Fifths Handouts Worksheets Brand new May 2008 The Free Printable Music Theory Circle of Fifths Handouts Worksheets page below includes free printable music theory circle of 5ths in 2 versions one with the major and minor key signature names and sharps and flats and the other designed as a worksheet with lines to fill in the major and minor key signature names and blank treble clef staff lines to fill in the corresponding sharps and flats We hope you enjoy these free printable music theory handouts and worksheets created for Linkware Graphics by SKDesigns Web Site Design Development and Graphics Need specific Web graphics music graphic images for your website a music theme website template set custom graphics for music software other software or any other project Were happy to discuss your needs with you and give you a price estimate whether or not with a music theme Contact Linkware Graphics for your specific graphics needs On this page Handouts Study Sheets Reference Charts Worksheets More Information Terms of Use Music Theory Circle of Fifths for Treble Clef Handout Study Sheet Reference Chart As shown below this version of the Circle of Fifths with treble clefs is designed to use for study as a handout or even as a reference chart It includes the major and minor key signature names and the corresponding sharps and flats Click here for full size print sample Use this Circle of Fifths for handouts or to study and learn the Circle of Fifths yourself Use for teaching music lessons for music theory classes or other music learning and teaching needs Note that the copyright marks shown in the screenshot examples are NOT on the downloadable files Download the Music Theory Circle of Fifths Handout Download the printable Music Theory Circle of Fifths Handout ZIP file updated 09 June 2008 Download circleoffifthshandoutzip 287KB top Free Printable Music Theory Circle of Fifths Worksheets As shown below these 2 versions of the Circle of Fifths with treble clefs are designed as worksheets The names this time are replaced with lines to fill in and for one of the worksheets the treble clefs do not include the sharps and flats so that they can instead be filled in Great for testing yourself for teachers to provide as worksheets or as music theory quizzes or tests and other possible uses Note that the copyright marks shown in the screenshot examples are NOT on the downloadable files Download the Music Theory Circle of Fifths Worksheets Download the Music Theory Circle of Fifths Worksheet ZIP file updated 09 June 2008 Download circleoffifthsworksheetzip 259KB Download Both Music Theory Circle of Fifths Handouts and Worksheets Want them all the handout and the 2 worksheets Download the Music Theory Circle of Fifths Handout and Worksheets in one ZIP file updated 09 June 2008 Download circleoffifthsallzip 546KB top More Information on these Free Printable Music Theory Circle of Fifths Handouts Worksheets Terms of Use Overview Redistribution of these files in any way is NOT permitted In other words you do NOT have permission to offer them from your own site to include them on a CD or in any other manner Its fine to print paper copies to use for educational learning teaching purposes for example of course I dont consider that redistribution These files may not be altered or changed in any way See the Music Terms of Use for more information If you need customized music handouts worksheets reference charts or something different from whats offered below please contact us about your needs Downloading These ZIP files If youre not sure how to download ZIP files check out the Downloading Instructions page Thank you Description Created by a music professional and graphics expert Linkware Graphics now offers professional high quality music flash cards handouts and worksheets Click here for full size print sample As shown in the image above this free printable Circle of Fifths includes the Treble Clef Circle of Fifths for major and minor keys in 3 versions A handout study sheet or reference sheet with named keys sharps and flats A worksheet quiz or test to fill in the major and minor key names A worksheet quiz or test to fill in the major and minor key names sharps and flats Print these out to use for music teaching aid handouts tests or study Since these were created at high quality specifically for print format they were designed to print with sharp clarity and clean crisp lines File Format These sets are currently provided in PDF format only If needed download the free Adobe Acrobat Reader for the PDF format Do you need a different format Please let me know As I mention below under Printing These Music Theory Circle of Fifths Handouts and Worksheets printing with high quality paper and at high resolution if possible provides the best quality however Ive also tested with Average resolution on plain inexpensive printer paper and they still print cleanly too of course Printing These Music Theory Circle of Fifths Handouts and Worksheets All of the printable music theory handouts and worksheets on this page are designed for a printers typical default Portrait setting using US lettersize paper 812x11 with a 1 margin on all sides with no adjustments needed For best results use your printers highest print quality settings and high quality paper Lower settings and inexpensive copy paper also work of course IMPORTANT Printers can widely vary as Im sure you know Ive tested these handouts and worksheets files with several printers and computers as well as various printer settings and theyve printed just fine with no adjustments needed to printer settings I welcome feedback as well so please let me know how these print out for you and include your printer and printer model paper and any other helpful information Thanks Sorry but I can not offer individual assistance with your computer and printer its best to check your printers manual for assistance if needed top
|
[
"Music Theory",
"Fifths Handouts"
] |
http://linoxide.com/how-tos/boot-linux-grub-single-user-mode/
|
How to Boot Linux Grub into Single User Mode Updated November 23 , 2018 BOOTING HOWTOS LINUX HOWTO GRUB is a GRand Unified Bootloader , the default bootloader in Linux . GRUB can be used to boot Linux in the single user mode . The single user mode is a restricted mode , that is used for maintenance purposes . In single user mode , the only user available is the root user , and in RHEL , no password is asked for login . The single user mode does not have any graphical interface or any networking services running . This article discusses how you can boot your system in single user mode , using GRUB . Booting in single user mode Step 1 : Restart to Grub Menu Restart your computer and press any key when GRUB timer is running to stop the timer before timeout . Grub Single User Step 2 : Edit Grub Menu Carefully read the instructions ( keystrokes ) provided in the lower part of the screen . It asks to press ' e ' to edit the commands before booting . So , we press ' e ' now to get this screen : Grub Edit Step 3 : Enter Run level Here , we want to edit the kernel command . Select the second line and press ' e ' again to edit this kernel command . Append the word " single " to this line , i.e. all you have to do is press space and type " single " . You can also replace " single " with " 1 " . This will also take you to single user mode or runlevel 1 . Grub Single User Step 4 : Boot Hit enter and press ' b ' to boot . That is all . Just wait and you will be logged in as a root user . Single User Mode BOOTING Linux Commands About Bobbin Zachariah Founder of LinOxide , passionate lover of Linux and technology writer . Started his career in Linux / Opensource from 2000 . Love traveling , blogging and listening music . Reach Bobbin Zachariah about me page and google plus page . Author ' s All Posts Like to become part of Linoxide Team and contribute tips ? Contact us here .
|
[
"Linux Grub",
"Grub Menu"
] |
http://linux-ip.net/html/nat-dnat.html
|
5.5 . Destination NAT with netfilter ( DNAT ) Destination NAT with netfilter is commonly used to publish a service from an internal RFC 1918 network to a publicly accessible IP . To enable DNAT , at least one iptables command is required . The connection tracking mechanism of netfilter will ensure that subsequent packets exchanged in either direction ( which can be identified as part of the existing DNAT connection ) are also transformed . In a devilishly subtle difference , netfilter DNAT does not cause the kernel to answer ARP requests for the NAT IP , where iproute2 NAT automatically begins answering ARP requests for the NAT IP . Example 5.5 . Using DNAT for all protocols ( and ports ) on one IP [ root @ real - server ] # iptables - t nat - A PREROUTING - d 10 . 10 . 20 . 99 - j DNAT - - to - destination 10 . 10 . 14 . 2 In this example , all packets arriving on the router with a destination of 10 . 10 . 20 . 99 will depart from the router with a destination of 10 . 10 . 14 . 2 . Example 5.6 . Using DNAT for a single port [ root @ real - server ] # iptables - t nat - A PREROUTING - p tcp - d 10 . 10 . 20 . 99 - - dport 80 - j DNAT - - to - destination 10 . 10 . 14 . 2 Full network address translation , as performed with iproute2 can be simulated with both netfilter SNAT and DNAT , with the potential benefit ( and attendent resource consumption ) of connection tracking . Example 5.7 . Simulating full NAT with SNAT and DNAT iptables - t nat - A PREROUTING - d 205 . 254 . 211 . 17 - j DNAT - - to - destination 192 . 168 . 100 . 17 iptables - t nat - A POSTROUTING - s 192 . 168 . 100 . 17 - j SNAT - - to - destination 205 . 254 . 211 . 17 5.5.1 . Port Address Translation with DNAT
|
[
"DNAT",
"protocols"
] |
http://lionalert.org/page/Facts_about_lions_for_kids
|
Facts about lions for kids The lion is the King of Beasts and husband of the lioness . Gazelles and things on which he feasts address him as your high - o - ness . There are those that admire that roar of his , in the African jungles and velds , But , I think that wherever the lion is , I ' d rather be somewhere else . Royal March of the Lion ' from the Carnival of the Animals by Ogden Nash The African lion is known as the King of Beasts . Its scientific name is Panthera leo . Lions belong to the big cat family - lions , tigers , leopards and jaguars - and are the second largest big cat in the world after the tiger . Male lions usually live for between 10 to 12 years in the wild , but females can live up to the age of 14 or 15 . In captivity lions have been known to live for 20 to 25 years . This is because they are kept in a cage or an enclosure and do n ’ t face any of the dangers that wild lions do . Despite looking very fierce , lions are actually classed as being ' vulnerable ' . This means that in the wild , they are in real danger of being wiped out . Only 40 years ago , Africa was home to 200,000 lions , now there are only around 32,000 . That might still sound like a lot , but it means that in another 40 years , there may not be any alive at all . If every lion died , we would say that they had become extinct . That is why we must try to look after There are lots of different problems facing wild lions , including : Loss of habitat : A lion ' s habitat is the area in which it lives . As people destroy their land , or build their own homes there , lions struggle to find somewhere else suitable to live Loss of prey : These are the animals that a lion choses to hunt and eat . Because lions have to share their food with humans , there is less to go round and they are forced to travel further and look harder to feed themselves and their families . Conflict with people : When lions and humans live closely together , it can cause serious problems for each other . We call this conflict . People sometimes end up killing lions to protect their homes and farm animals . Disease and inbreeding : Animals can catch diseases , just like people , but wild lions ca n ’ t get treatment to make them better . In areas where there are n ’ t many lions , related family members sometimes have cubs together . This is called inbreeding and is a bad thing . It can cause health problems ; making their young smaller , weaker and less likely to live very long . Lions , like pet cats , can be very lazy creatures , spending around 20 hours a day resting . They are very sensitive to heat because they find it difficult to cool down . Because lions ca n ’ t sweat like we do , the best way for them to cool down is by resting in the shade or on high rocks where they can catch a cool breeze . They pant , just like a dog , or lay on their backs showing off the thinner skin and lighter fur on their bellies . What would you like to look at next ? Let ' s Look at Lions Meet the Family New Cubs on the Block A Place to Call Home What ' s on the Menu ? Let ' s Communicate
|
[
"LIONS",
"Gazelles",
"Panthera leo"
] |
http://lippincottsolutions.lww.com/blog.entry.html/2017/11/27/how_does_standardizi-mCOt.html
|
CALLING THE SHOTS Blog How Does Standardizing Care Affect Quality How Does Standardizing Care Affect Quality Created Nov 08 2017 0500 PM by Lippincott Solutions nursing documentation quality improvement standardizing care outcomes Which works best for your patients using a standardized care plan or personalizing the plan for each individual In most cases its a hybrid of both Healthcares perception of standardization varies by industry role While administrators see standardized care as a way to achieve efficiency and quality caregivers have historically viewed standardization as an administrative mandate that can sometimes go against their patients best interests Administrators physicians and nurses are beginning to realize they need to work together to improve the quality of care and reduce costs and understand how standardization and personalization can actually complement each other A Case for Standardizing Care Studies show that variation in care costs and outcomes exists across hospitals states and regions Advocates of standardized care tout how the industry uses evidencebased medicine in a systematic way to ensure patients receive highquality care while some critics think of it as qualitycookiecutter medicine Regionalized care is a necessary reality but standardizing best practices is an important part of delivering effective safe and affordable care There are numerous benefits to standardized care Consistent outcomes Labor savings Improved quality of care Better documentation Reduced waste Improved efficiency Improved patient safety Reduced costs A Case for Personalization Advocates of personalization dont want to see a standardized onesizefitsall approach to treating patients become the norm They idealize the concept of a local family doctor who knows everyone in the family understands each family members health concerns and responds to everyone individually Personalization improves patient satisfaction and increases patient engagement In todays healthcare environment in which patients ownership of their health and outcomes is growing and becoming essential physicians are right to personalize care and motivate patients to become active participants in their health journeys Working Together to Improve Quality Standardized care and personalization dont have to be mutually exclusive In fact standardization can enhance personalization by eliminating unnecessary work for health care providers and giving them more time to spend with patients It can also eliminate unnecessary expenses and complications resulting from not adhering to best practices Sometimes physicians may make treatment decisions based on their own unique clinical experiences Standardization compensates for this variation in experience and reveals the outcomes specific treatments have historically delivered to patients Standardization supplements physician experience and reduces guesswork In fact building off standardization enables care teams to create personalized patient care plans Backing up with Data At a time when meaningful realtime analytics are increasingly available health care providers can collect outcomes data from local regional national and global sources and use it to personalize care plans for their patients Standardizing care and measuring outcomes enables providers to create customized treatment plans for patients that take a variety of factors into account Healthcare data combined with the ability to assess outcomes of similar patients gives both caregivers and patients the right tools for informed discussion and decisionmaking Combining standardized practices with personalized treatment plans increases patient engagement by making patients the focal point of the decisionmaking process With data as the common denominator healthcare can get to a place where standardized care and personalization meetthe best of both worlds How do you feel is it better to stick strictly to standardized care plans or customize care for each patient Leave us a comment npd_post_0jpg Archives 2014 54 2015 103 2016 99 2017 98 2018 88 2019 2 Tags AACN 15 ACA 17 Affordable Care Act 22 AHRQ 5 American Association of Colleges of Nursing 6 American Association of CriticalCare Nurses 6 American Nurses Assocation 5 American Nurses Association 18 American Nurses Credentialing Center 22 American Nurses Foundation 6 American Organization of Nurse Executives 6 ANA 28 ANCC 30 ANCC Magnet 9 ANPD 9 AONE 9 BSN 10 burnout 13 Care transitions 13 CDC 18 Center for Disease Control 8 clinical competency 7 clinical education 12 clinical excellence 11 CMS 23 CNO 7 communication 7 competency 6 continuing education 9 data 6 DNP 6 EBP 8 EHR 21 Electronic health record 8 Electronic Health Records 5 EMR 8 evidencebased practice 16 HCAHPS 13 Health care quality 13 health information technology 6 healthcare quality 11 healthy work environment 6 HIMSS 6 hospital readmissions 8 hospitalacquired conditions 8 hospitalacquired infections 6 infection 7 infection control 5 infection prevention 8 Institute of Medicine 22 IOM 18 JCR 8 Joint Commission Resources 9 JONA 10 Journal of Nursing Administration 6 Leadership 9 longterm care 15 LTC 10 Magnet 13 Meaningful Use 13 Medicare 7 Medicare reimbursement 8 medication errors 5 millennial nurses 5 National Nurses Week 5 NPD 8 nurse educator 10 nurse educators 6 nurse executives 11 Nurse leader 11 Nurse leaders 23 nurse staffing 6 nurses 14 nursing 34 nursing education 25 nursing informatics 6 Nursing Management 6 nursing professional development 10 nursing shortage 6 nursing students 13 nursing technology 6 nursing workforce 9 outcomes 10 patient care 21 patient handoffs 6 patient outcomes 27 patient safety 33 Patient satisfaction 17 Patientcentered care 10 quality 10 Readmissions 6 retention 9 Safety 6 stress 7 technology 9 The Joint Commission 20 TJC 18 turnover 7 valuebased purchasing 8 VBP 8
|
[
"CALLING THE SHOTS",
"Working Together to Improve Quality",
"Backing up with Data"
] |
http://lipulse.com/2015/06/02/hollywood-on-long-island-2/
|
Hollywood on Long Island Film bridget shirvell | June 2 , 2015 Hempstead House . Image : Friends of Sands Point Preserve Question : what do Royal Pains , Taylor Swift ’ s Blank Space and The Blacklist all have in common ? Answer : they were filmed at one of Long Island ’ s Gold Coast mansions . Hollywood has fallen in love with Long Island ’ s historic properties . You ca n ’ t blame them . Take Hempstead House at Sands Point Preserve , for instance , you step through those doors and you ’ re transported to another time . One of a gilded era of speakeasy glamour , where the Guggenheims threw elaborate , lavish parties . In addition to being the setting for several scenes in The Blacklist , about 10 other film crews used Sands Point Preserve in 2014 for magazine shoots , commercials , TV shows , music videos and movies . At Oheka Castle , where Blank Space was filmed , that number is between 24 and 30 a year and the Old Westbury Gardens where Royal Pains is sometimes filmed has been used in more than 20 major films since the 1960s . Mark Feuerstein during set - up for Royal Pains filming . image : vince kish Between the 1890s and the 1930s , more than 1,200 mansions were built on Long Island ’ s Gold Coast . Today , only about a third remain . Maintaining them is no easy or cheap task . Something Hollywood is helping out with through filming . Most of , if not all , the mansions charge a fee for film productions but in addition to the monetary compensation film crews often make updates that help preserve the mansions . “ We started allowing filming here in 2010 , ” said Friends of Sands Point Preserve Executive Director Jean - Marie Posner . “ The filming we encourage and they may wallpaper a room with authentic wallpapers from the time period , it really benefits us . ” A horse having fun on the set of Arthur at Old Westbury Gardens . image : vince kish Tax incentives from the state of New York for filming helped make Long Island a destination for the industry , according to Debra Markowitz , Director of Nassau County Film Office . And then there is the TMZ . Not the celebrity gossip site . TMZ stands for the 30 - mile radius from the studio , often based in Manhattan , that union film projects determine pier diem rates and driving distances for crew . Many Long Island mansions fall into that zone . “ The TMZ is very important , ” Vincent Kish of the Old Westbury Gardens said . Kish said that once the Old Westbury Gardens got on the film circuit , so to say , more and more people have reached out to them about filming there . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . For Oheka Castle , the shooting is n ’ t the biggest part of their business , weddings and events are , but according to Nancy Melius the filming has certainly helped create buzz . bumped us up on the cool meter , ” she said of the filming of the Taylor Swift music video . Someone on another shoot at Oheka had recommended them when was filmed , which according to Melius is how it normally works . Melius , Kish and Posner all said it ’ s incredibly cool to see what the film crews will do and to spot the places in Hollywood , something all Long Islanders can also agree with . TAGS : pulse insider pulse minutes bridget shirvell Bridget Shirvell is the Digital Editor of Long Island Pulse . Story idea or just want to say hello ? Email bridget @ lipulse . com or reach out on Twitter @ breeshirvell
|
[
"Hollywood",
"Long Island",
"Oheka Castle"
] |
http://liquorlaws.net/prohibition.html
|
Error . Page can not be displayed . Please contact your service provider for more details . ( 26 )
|
[
"error"
] |
http://lisa-rpg.wikia.com/wiki/Buddy
|
in Characters Painful Painful Characters Buddy Comments 135 Buddy A young woman aching to explore her life her power and her freedom Party Member Full Name Buddy Armstrong born Nancy Yado Nickname Buddy Class Wanderer Race Human Sex Female Relationships Brad Armstrong Adoptive Father Richard Weeks Adoptive Uncle Sticky Angoneli Adoptive Uncle Cheeks Gaywood Adoptive Uncle Rando Adoptive Brother Dr Yado Biological Father Mrs Yado Mother deceased Gameplay Appearances LISA The Joyful Equip Types Weapon Types Sword Armor Types Accessory Poncho Bandages Skill Types Skills Traits Target Rate 100 Evasion 5 Hit Rate 95 Crit Chance 4 Features State Resist Dead Rando I was born into THIS Olathe not whatever place youre talking about This is my normal Im not a baby and Im sure as hell not some dumb country kid Now let me sleep So tomorrow Ill have lots of energy to go out and play Buddy talking to Rando Buddy is the adopted daughter of Brad Armstrong and the only known female in Olathe She plays a major role in the story as her kidnapping kick starts the plot of the game She is also the protagonist of the expansion LISA THE JOYFUL Contents show Background Name Buddy Fighting Art Survival Based Attacks Past Occupation None Likes The Sky Favorite Food An Expired Candy Bar She Was Given Once By Cheeks Most Hated Thing Feeling Trapped Buddy is wildly curious Appearance and Personality Buddy is first seen as a baby when discovered by Brad and as she gets older she has long hair a pink poncho and occasionally a mask when going outside with Brad Throughout the course of the game her appearance changes bit by bit over time her poncho becomes ripped her hair is up in a ponytail and shes suffered a huge scratch across her face Several masks are available to Buddy as cosmetic choices as they become obtained a Red Skull Mask a mask in the shape of Terry Hintz s face and a Joy Mask She is wildly curious and as time goes on expresses that she wants to make her own decisions whether anyone likes it or not Typical of any child her age Buddy is prone to mood swings impetuous and stubborn She has a playful and inquisitive nature She is at first well intentioned if only because of her lack of understanding of the situation she has been forced into due to not understanding how exactly children are conceived or what will happen to her to faccilitate this though this is turned on its head by the time she shoulders the title Despite these things the story often compares her to Brad and the twos actions and journeys directly parallel one another They are both at heart kind and good people in extremely unfavourable circumstances their perceptions and motivations clouded by trauma and an unwillingness to connect with others She eventually comes to realize that Brad truly did care for her and vice versa a revelation which shakes and confuses her goals Whether she attempts to move past the guilt of her wrongdoings and past or wallows in her own sorrow is the players choice and one that directly correlates to the As you progress through the game her opinion of Brad also becomes very negative primarily due to his violent actions and her understanding of the situation behind them She most likely begins to foster this negativity towards Brad due to being impressionable young as well as having been isolated for all of her life by Brad Sticky even says All that isolation did her some good She is told by everyone around her that she is the most important thing alive and Brad seems to ignore that for the better or worse Buddy is also told about Brads addiction to HEY HOLD UP Theres SPOILERS down there if you want to avoid them scroll until the next orange box Even a hint master shouldnt know the future Postliminary Terry Battle Skills Skill Name Description Level Learned T P Cost Stab A quick and jarring stab 1 0 Decisive Stab A well placed and deadly stab Its difficult to land this finishing blow 1 10 Flash Show your bare chest to enemies Can sometimes fluster them 10 10 Throat Lunge A visceral slash to the throat Its difficult to land this finishing blow 13 15 Sleep Bomb A smoke bomb that contains sleeping powder Its a 5050 chance at putting the enemy to sleep 15 5 Wild Strikes A flash of random wild thrusts 17 12 Mend Take a deep breath and recover some HP 18 7 Joker Strikes A flash of even more random wild thrusts 20 17 Leech Bomb A smoke bomb that contains poison powder Its a 5050 chance at poisoning the enemy 21 8 Final Stab A well placed and deadly stab Its difficult to land this finishing blow 22 10 Behead A visceral slash to the throat Its difficult to land this finishing blow 25 15 Statistics Statistics analysis Core Statistics Level HP SP ATK DEF SATK SDEF AGI LUCK 5 800 90 18 19 16 16 49 32 Story Buddy is actually the daughter of Dr Yado born solely to spark a war that will break mankinds spirit and shape the world in Yados image It turns out that all of the events of Lisa The Painful were part of Yados plan to create a world full of mutants and that Buddy was a mere catalyst LISA THE PAINFUL Buddy is first discovered as an infant in a lonely desert by Brad Armstrong the protagonist of the game He takes her in and raises her with some difficulties spread throughout her childhood but for the most part the two are able to rely on one another well enough although for different reasons Brad comes home one day to find that his house lies in ruins his friend Cheeks is dying and Rick Sticky and most importantly Buddy herself are all nowhere to be found After Brad defeats Wally and heads through the caves he and Buddy are reunited for a short time though Buddys reaction is not the one Brad was hoping for She is mostly resentful toward Brad for keeping her locked up and refuses to come back home with him Their reunion is cut short by an ambush from Buzzo who forcefeeds Brad three doses of Joy causing him to heavily hallucinate During this hallucination Buddy escapes from everyone at the scene and flees to the Deserted Island where she somehow meets an old and withered Marty Armstrong Brad discovers the two and attacks Marty in a Joyfueled rage Buddy jumps in front of Marty to protect him but because of the effects of joy Brad hits her out of his way Buddy jumps in front of Marty again but is attacked by Brad knocking her out After she regains consciousness she flee the island forcing Brad to chase her to the heart of Rando territory Rando Land Near the end of the game Brad saves Buddy from Mr Angoneli who is somehow still alive despite his age Stickys father believes that by attacking Buddy and scarring her face he will be doing something historical Before Mr Angoneli can do any more damage Brad kills him while Buddy flees even further into Randos territory Finally the only thing left standing between Brad and Buddy is almost all the remaining members of Randos army as well as Rando himself After Brad slaughters every last soldier and severely beats up Rando he attempts to reconcile with Buddy only for her to completely and utterly reject him as a father figure and friend It is at this point that the game ends with Brad mutating and approaching an unconscious Buddy and JOYFUL begins soon after LISA THE JOYFUL Read more LISA THE JOYFUL The events followed after Buzzo obtains Buddy and Brad mutates from the previous game Buddy wakes up to a mutated Brad trying to kill her and is forced to fight back Their encounter interrupted by Buzzo who saves Buddys life She flees from the carnage caused by Brad at the end of the Painful encountering a group of raiders Rando saves her after a massive Joy Mutant ambushes the raiders and form a sort of sibling bond with Rando protecting Buddy while she sleeps Rando and Buddy head to the formers base of operations for shelter but after Buddy mistakes Randos guards for criminals and slays several of them he decides to leave with her as she heads further into Olathe As the two happen upon The List a large wall covered in names of the nearby area leaders and the major divider between Western and Eastern Olathe Rando explains its purpose a sort of scoreboard among the warlords of Eastern Olathe with the strongest at the top and the weakest at the bottom Buddy resolves that she will eliminate everyone whose name is on the wall despite Randos warnings in order to become the queen of Olathe Near the halfway point of the game Rando decides that Buddys path is too bloody dangerous and most of all foolish for him to want to protect someone like her Buddy and Rando are reunited yet again after Rando had been attacked by the raider gang he saved her from at the beginning of the game She finds him suspended over a pit after being tied up in barbed wire and attempts to save him despite him begging her to let go The leader of the gang Bolo appears and his intentions are made obvious as he approaches Buddy who is stuck holding onto the barbed wire rope keeping Rando from dropping into the pit It is at this point that the player makes a choice between letting Rando go and holding onto the barbed wire Hold On As Rando shouts at Buddy to let go of the wire Buddy calmly tells him that itll be fine since shes going to save him The screen pans to the left as Bolo approaches Buddy but before anything can happen the large Joy Mutant from earlier swoops and kills only Bolo somehow Rando tells Buddy the truth about his guards at the beginning of the game and Buddy lets him fall to the bottom of the pit leaving him severely injured Let Go Before Buddy lets go of the wire she apologizes to Rando for doing so and Rando says he understands before he falls Buddy then sets her sights on Bolo and begins a fight with him If you do choose to let go and fight Bolo beware that he can cause debuffs like fallen and his moves are high damage Completing The List After all of the leaders of Olathe are dead Buddy heads west from The List and finds Yado playing his trumpet standing next to Sweetheart Yado surprised that Buddy has made it to this point commands Sweetheart to attack Buddy Before Buddy can kill the mutant Buzzo takes over for her and urges Buddy to find Yado and retrieve the vaccine that will stop her from undergoing a Joy mutation Heeding Buzzos advice Buddy continues on and confronts Yado who is perched upon a throne made of mutant flesh Buddy insists she wants the throne despite Yados refusal to fight her After Yado has been damaged a bit Buddys head starts to hurt and Yado begins to attack dealing fairly large amounts of damage himself Once hes taken enough damage in this form Buddy hallucinates she is fighting a distorted Rando holding a flower After defeating Rando And Yado in the process Buddy hallucinates about Brad When the hallucination stops Buddy is standing in front of a severely injured Yado and his dismembered throne of flesh Buddy questions Yado as to who he is and he reveals that he is her father the creator of the Joyfilled world she lives in Before he can say any more Yado is knocked off the ledge by a sword thrown by Buzzo who is severely injured from his fight with Sweetheart Buddy questions him as to whether Yado is actually her father Buzzo assures her that Yado was just a crazy old man adding that Buddy gave Brad true After Buddy has taken care of Buzzo she is stopped from taking Yados vaccine by a hallucination of Rando and Brad both urging her to stay and mutate becoming the queen of Olathe Here the player may make a choice to Leave them Take the vaccine or Join them Mutate Inoculated Ending Buddy takes the vaccine and does not transform into a mutant Using Yados horn she culls the mutant hordes and brings a semblance of peace back to Olathe Buddy buries Rando and proceeds to conceive a son Mutant Brad is present as well although his role is unknown and he may just be a hallucination considering the other grave in the valley Mutated Ending Buddy is seen standing in the same valley as the Vaccinated ending but she is a towering mutant instead Mutant Brad is seen torn in half with each half thrown to opposite ends of the valley Mutant Buddy is seen looming over Dustins corpse obsessing over something as all Joy Mutants do Additionally she can be seen holding a child in her hand who appears to be the same child shown in the Inoculated Ending The spoilers are all done now so you can now resume reading the rest of the article as normal I Hope you didnt ruin anything for yourself Terr Unaware Trivia In the LISA Gameplay trailer Buddy who is wearing her mask is seen asking Brad Rick Sticky and Cheeks if they are going after the killer of MrCollins Buddy has Northern Asian and Russian ancestry Considering her name her superlative hostility and aggression to people even compared to most of the residents of Olathe is extremely ironic Buddy is Dingalings least favorite main character Buddys parents are Dr Yado and the dead woman in the Joy Lab Dingaling is not sure if she could beat Satan Buddy is a pubescent child Buddy has a messiah complex Part of Yados plan was Brad finding Buddy Buddy was too new to taking Joy to be affected by withdrawal In the very beginning of The Painful RPG you can investigate the inside of Brads house after you find Cheeks dead On top of a dresser is a dead man with a rusty knife buried in his chest After watching the opening of The Joyful and seeing how Brad trained Buddy to survive in Olathe its safe to assume Buddy wasnt kidnapped without a fight References Dingalinggames are brad and buddy any specific ethnicity Dingalinggames Who is the absolute worst person in any game youve made Dingalinggames is there a confirm on who Sweetheart is And who are Buddys parents Dingalinggames Could Buddy defeat SatanMike Dingalinggames How old is Buddy I keep seeing fanart with her boobs hanging out of a napkin sized poncho its freaking me out Dingalinggames Love The Way Buddy Is portrayed in Joyful incredibly realistic to Her Situation Does she have a Bit of a Messiah complex Dingalinggames Was Brad finding Buddy part of Yados plan all along Buzzo does say he made a deal with Yado so he could keep Brad Dingalinggames Festus love 3 Quick question For balance did you not give Buddy the withdrawal status to encourage people to use Joy LISA Characters Main Characters Brad Armstrong Rando Buzzo Lisa Marty Armstrong Columbo Party Members Terry Hintz Crisp Ladaddy RT Rooster Coleman Olan Hoyt Nern Guan Rage Ironhead Percy Monsoon Mad Dog Shocklord Fardy Hernandez Queen Roger Carp Harvey Alibastor Clint Olympic Buckets Buffalo Van Dyke Tiger Man Ollie Nickels Geese Thompson Dick Dickson Jack Sonny Backluwitz Yazan Barghouti Beastborn Fly Minetti Ajeet Mandeep Garth Bo Wyatt Birdie Hall Secondary Characters Dr Yado Nancy Yado Richard Rick Weeks Tony Sticky Angoneli Categories Characters Painful Painful Characters Joyful Joyful Characters
|
[
"Buddy",
"Brad Armstrong"
] |
http://lisa-rpg.wikia.com/wiki/LISA:_The_RPG_Wiki
|
Home English View source Share LISA Wiki This is a wiki dedicated to the indie game series LISA , made by LOVEBRADgames ( Austin Jorgensen ) , created using RPG Maker 2003 ( The First ) , and RPG Maker VX Ace ( The Painful , The Joyful ) . This wiki was created on January 11 , 2015 . Please be warned that this wiki contains spoilers for all three games in the LISA trilogy . About LISA " A game about survival , sacrifice , and perverts . . . Lisa is a quirky side - scrolling RPG set in a post - apocalyptic wasteland . Beneath the charming and funny exterior is a world full of disgust and moral destruction . Players will learn what kind of person they are by being FORCED to make choices . These choices permanently effect the game play . If you want to save a party member from death , you will have to sacrifice the strength of your character . Whether it ' s taking a beating for them , or chopping off limbs , or some other inhuman way . You — From the Steam description . Official Links Website RPGMaker . Net Page ( LISA : The First ) zippyshare . com ( LISA : The Painful RPG Kickstarter Demo ) Steam Store ( LISA : The Painful RPG ) Steam Store Page ( LISA : The Joyful ) Wikipedia Page TV Tropes Page Reddit Page Soundtrack ( LISA : The Painful RPG ) Kickstarter Page Steam Forum Archive of Our Own Page ( FanFiction ) Austin Jorgensen ( Developer ) Twitter Austin Jay ( Developer ) YouTube Page Lisa Content Portal Party Members Characters Locations Achievements Items Enemies Music Fan Works edit Lisa RPG Wiki : portal Characters Brad Armstrong Marty Armstrong Lisa Armstrong Buzzo Rando Buddy Joy Mutants Salvation Rangers Equipables Items Armor Weapons Skills Other Achievements Music Locations Crossroads 1 ( PAINFUL ) Crossroads 2 ( PAINFUL ) Crossroads 3 ( PAINFUL ) Crossroads 1 ( JOYFUL ) Crossroads 2 ( JOYFUL ) Ending ( Joyful ) Fishman Town Resort Island Garbage Island Resort Island Mike ' s Cargo Roulette Green ' s House Joy Lab ( Joyful ) Dojos Mechanics Joy Addiction Sacrifices Pain Mode Kidnapping Resting Saving Status Effects Shops PAINFUL Enemies Gangs Satan Wally Henry Wyatt Beady Death Queen JOYFUL Enemies Gangs Warlords of Olathe Big Lincoln Larry Stintz Chester Dice Mahone Lardy Hernandez Sweetheart Recent Activity Talk : Normal Attack new comment by A FANDOM user 8 hours ago Comment ok thanks Normal Attack created by A FANDOM user 18 hours ago New page dfh Summary Yes , Mad Dog edited by PlusMann 21 hours ago Mad Dog edited by PlusMann 21 hours ago Summary Battle Fangames / Mods / Fan Works 22 hours ago Undo revision 28530 by 2600 : 1700 : 3410 : 1BC0 : ECF3 : 256A : 83E2 : F915 talk Who is your Favourite Party Member ? Ajeet Mandeep 22 Beastborn 7 Birdie Hall 92 Bo - Wyatt 46 Brad Armstrong 68 Buckets 31 Buffalo Van Dyke 4 Carp 39 Clint Olympic 3 Crisp Ladaddy 3 Dick Dickson 8 Fardy Hernandez 8 Fly Minetti 24 Garth 18 Geese Thompson 11 Harvey Alibastor 73 Jack 23 Mad Dog 14 Nern Guan 94 Olan Hoyt 60 Ollie Nickels 7 Percy Monsoon 4 Queen Roger 22 Rage Ironhead Rooster Coleman 16 RT 10 Shocklord 48 Sonny Backluwitz 5 Terry Hintz 520 Tiger Man 23 Yazan Barghouti 44 The poll was created at 21 : 53 on August 11 , 2015 , and so far 1369 people voted . Please wait , submitting your vote . . . Categories Browse Languages : Русский
|
[
"LISA",
"Austin Jorgensen",
"RPG Maker"
] |
http://lisaherrick.com/separation-and-divorce-work/guide-to-telling-the-children-about-the-divorce/
|
Guide to Telling the Children about the Divorce by Lisa Herrick , Ph . D . Here are some general suggestions for telling the children about the divorce or separation . Research over the last five years has revealed that over 75 % of divorcing parents talk to their children about this change in the family for less than ten minutes – total . This guide is meant to help YOU be one of the parents in the healthiest 25 percent . Children need to talk about this , and they need to hear about it . Even if they say they do n ’ t want to do either . * * * * * * * * Tell children approximately 2 - 3 weeks prior to separation . Have a plan – at least the basics – before you tell them . If possible talk to children together as a couple , with both parents prepared to work as a team , and convey unified caring and concern — try to prepare to do this when you are unlikely to lose temper , or become angry with each other . Talk to children in a quiet space when there is nothing that needs to be done afterwards . Weekends are best — if possible at the start of a weekend so you will be around for them to talk to or be close to during the immediate days after the talk . Tell their teachers the day before you tell the kids , to prepare the teachers for potential upset or acting up . Ask teachers to be sensitive , and discreet with the information – you are asking them to be understanding , but NOT to ask the children anything about it , or mention it unless the child mentions it . When parents talk to the children , there are a few really important messages to repeat over and over again – during the conversation , and in the months following : this is something mom and dad have decided after a long time of trying to make things work better . this is an adult decision and has NOTHING to do with anything the children did or said ; help the children understand they also can not control this decision to separate / divorce by behaving “ extra nicely ” . no one is blaming anyone else — the children are free to continue loving each parent fully without fear of betraying other parent or feeling disloyal ( this may be the toughest challenge for many parents , but it is CRUCIAL if you want to protect the children from pain and maladjustment ) . a lot of different feelings are normal — we all will feel sad , angry , worried , and maybe curious about the future — all feelings are normal – parents welcome listening to all feelings and will try to help the children no matter how they feel . we are still a family – we are just changing . We will still be your mom and dad , no one is going away ( as long as this is true ) , and mom and dad will love them as much as ever ; if one parent IS moving some distance away , reassure the children that they will see that parent regularly , and explain how that might be accomplished . If possible , tell them the plan — it does not need to be extremely detailed , but you should be able to tell them the basics — who will stay in the house ? who will be moving out – and approximately where ? If a parent is still looking at apartments / houses , it is ok to invite the children to come with you to look at the new places – if they do n ’ t want to come , leave it alone . If a parent already has found a place , it is good For a second conversation – a few days after the first , If you know some more of the details of the plan , like “ Dad will be driving you to school every day just like he does now ” tell them that . Anything that is staying the same , mention and reassure them that these things will remain the SAME . The things that will be different – “ Mom will be driving you to school now – we know that is DIFFERENT , but we are going to try to make that work , and Mom Be ready for any reactions – children sometimes have tantrums , cry , or say , “ When is dinner ? ” and pretend they did n ’ t hear you . Some kids ask a lot of questions , and some ask nothing . The children who say nothing need to be coaxed over the coming weeks and months to talk to you , to draw pictures about it , to read books with you about it … .etc . The children who ask a lot of questions need to be answered , and reassured over and over again Try not to hound the children about their feelings , but ask them a question or two every few days . For example : How are you doing with the changes in our family ? How was school today … did you find yourself thinking about dad / mom moving a lot during your day in class ? Was that hard ? What did you do when you felt sad ? Did you talk to anyone ? What might help when you feel sad about it — what ideas do you have for what you can do ? ( talk In a future conversation , talk to the children about what they already know , or think they know , about divorce / Do they have friends whose parents are divorced ? How does it go ? What are they scared of ? What do those friends LIKE about it ( sometimes kids will talk about how they have two Christmases and two birthday parties and it ’ s sort of a bonus . Even if this is n ’ t really what they feel , kids are interested in this aspect of divorce and it helps them think through If parents get choked up , or cry , it is OK . Acknowledge that this is a sad event for the family , but you will all try to help each other with this , and you will all still love each other . If one parent starts to get mad , or say things that are upsetting or scary for the children , the other parent should RESCUE the situation , NOT MAKE IT WORSE — just say , Mom / Dad is really upset , and this is hard for us all . Let ’ s take Let your children know you will ALL get through this – and you will . Let them know that they will be OK , and you will be OK , and you will all help each other adjust and adapt to the changes coming . If you can offer both empathy and acceptance for what your children feel , AND reassurance that even the toughest feelings will get easier over time your children will be able to recover and remain open with you about their feelings . Do your best to treat your co - parent well over the next several weeks – and beyond ! Your children will be watching and worrying that if you are getting a divorce , it might mean you ( their parents ) are going to turn into aliens , or you will behave in embarrassing ways , or you will no longer be “ normal ” parents and make them eat their broccoli . During the weeks and months following this difficult conversation try hard to treat your co - parent with respect and compassion , and try to keep
|
[
"Divorce",
"general suggestion",
"children"
] |
http://lisalovesholidays.blogspot.com/2010/11/cookie-monster-day.html
|
Lisa Loves Holidays Nov 2 2010 Cookie Monster Day Cookie Monster is an awesome little monster and most definitely a holiday worthy character Today is Cookie Monster Day in honor of Cookie Monsters birthday which is November 2nd At MuppetWikiacom you can get Cookie Monsters entire life history and our little monster of the day is featured on the cover of this months Sesame Street magazine that you can download for free at SesameWorkshoporg All I can say is C is for Cookie Monster Day thats good enough for me Cookie Cookie Cookie starts with C Posted by Lisa Email This BlogThis 3 comments Ian HamiltonArvisais November 2 2015 at 729 AM WHAT ARE THOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOSSSSE Creepergeddon The Gamer November 2 2015 at 950 AM Not sure why they have a holiday for a blue puppet that likes cookies but go figure Evan Jensen November 3 2015 at 955 AM veggie monster sucks Subscribe to Post Comments Atom Welcome We in America have a veritable smorgasbord of holidays and observances to celebrate and enjoy from the traditional to the wacky and obscure Here at Lisa Loves Holidays we will discover and explore the various observances one nibble at a time Bon Appetit Holidays and Observances This Day In History Historycom Labels Christmas 10 Cinco de Mayo 2 Easter 8 Fathers Day 3 Halloween 7 July 4th 3 Kwanzaa 2 Martin Luther King Jr 3 May Day 2 Memorial Day 8 Mothers Day 2 National Ice Cream Month 18 Recipes 4 St Patricks Day 7 Thanksgiving 4 Valentines Day 9 Favorite Holiday Sites 123 Holiday A Holiday Haven Brownielocks and The 3 Bears CDKitchen Celebrations FamilyFun Famous Birthdays Gonetapott Health Finder History Holiday Insights Holidays On The Net Months of Edible Celebrations Punchbowl State Symbols USA TimeandDate Tip Junkie Followers Subscribe To Posts Comments
|
[
"Cookie Monster Day",
"holiday worthy character"
] |
http://lisarochelle.com/bio.html
|
Lisa Rochelle Performers work with Lisa Rochelle for Lifelong Technique , Versatility and Optimal Vocal Health Crossover & Legit Singers achieve an effortless , healthy high belt Belters & CCM Singers learn strategies for injury prevention & sustainability Actors & Dancers gain confidence from building reliable technique Injured Voices retrain and restore confidence I can say without any hint of exaggeration that Lisa Rochelle is a miraculous voice teacher . Having gone to a prestigious music conservatory years ago , I considered myself to have had solid technique before studying with Lisa ; I had no idea of the potential for growth my instrument had . Her knowledge of the vocal mechanism is limitless , and her kind but pragmatic demeanor make her a powerful mentor ; you can count on a dynamic and meaningful lesson every time . I would n ’ t trust my voice to anyone else ! Jenna Dellacco , AEA ; Voice Teacher , Producer There is NO DOUBT that Lisa ’ s teaching , guidance and expertise was directly responsible for my first big job years ago ( Broadway National Tour of Guys & Dolls ) and that her continued coaching led to my other successes , including securing my new agent and subsequent Broadway shows . Once Lisa taught me how to turn auditioning into performing . .wow . . .my entire career changed , and I began to work . . . ” read more Jay Brian Winnick AEA , SAG / AFTRA The best singing teacher is Lisa Rochelle . She has worked with almost all the leads in our LaGuardia musicals and most feel she has saved their lives . I think she is the best out there . E - mail her Sandy Faison , La Guardia Drama Dept . Chair & Assistant Principal Lisa is by far the best teacher I ’ ve ever had ( 5 ! ) . After losing my upper range on a grueling National Tour , you could drive a truck through my vibrato , and my confidence was shot . From working with Lisa , my belt / mix is healthier than ever before , & my head voice is back – I ’ m singing High D ' s ! ! I learned more in my first year with Lisa then I had learned in the 15 years of lessons prior ! read more Diane Terrusa , AEA I need to be in top vocal shape all the time as both Cantor and singer with a 20 - year career . I ’ ve had numerous vocal technicians and coaches through the years . No one comes close to the expertise and talent of Lisa Rochelle ; she is the most knowledgeable and helpful voice specialist I have ever encountered . Lisa is freeing my voice & giving me the tools to get through marathon singing weeks and that address my longevity as a singer , as well . Deborah Jacobson , AEA , AFTRA / SAG In the time I have worked with Lisa my voice has not only totally transformed , but I booked my first professional job and obtained my Equity card . I also managed to tackle the very challenging role of Anne in A Little Night Music . I know I could not have done these things without the expert guidance and care of Lisa Rochelle . She will change your life . Dory Lorenz , AEA Having studied with numerous teachers in NYC over the years , I found myself wanting . Enter Lisa Rochelle . The technique Lisa has fostered has been life - changing for me ( and I do n ' t use that term lightly ) . The tools Lisa offers are applicable to everything from contemporary pop to classic standards . To have a solid approach on which I can rely has made performing - particularly auditioning - an expressive opportunity which I now experience fully and actually enjoy ! ! I owe this to Lisa . She is a remarkable Ramzi Khalaf , AEA Lisa Rochelle is a genius ! She has worked miracles with our clients and understands vocal health better than anyone I know ! Halley Shefler , Founder , ArtsBridge College Consulting When I came to Lisa I had just been told that I had nodules . I was freaked . Little did I know that Lisa would be the key to changing my vocal production ; my voice went from being squeezed & pressed to being open & free ! Along with her vast knowledge of singer - friendly supplements , diet and medical information she helped me to find homeostasis of healthy body and voice . . . SLK , AEA bio Lisa Rochelle is a NYC - based Voice Teacher and Vocal Health Specialist ( SVS * ) training performers since 1993 . Specializing in technique - building for versatility , optimal vocal health and longevity , Lisa helps actors and singers achieve one seamless voice that can move easily between Classical , Musical Theatre and Pop styles while meeting the demands of an 8 - show week , rigorous tour or long studio hours . Lisa ’ s students are professional performers ( Broadway , Off Broadway , regional , film , television , and voiceover artists ) , committed young performers and other professional voice users ( voice teachers , music educators , public speakers ) she often works as a * Singing Voice Specialist ( SVS ) in conjunction with medical professionals in the re - training of injured voices On a personal note . . . Lisa ’ s extensive performing career includes leading roles on Broadway and Off - Broadway , national tour , regional theatre , featured television , commercial and voiceover work . With favorite roles ranging from Fanny Brice in Funny Girl to Amalia in She Loves Me , Lisa ’ s first - hand understanding of performers ’ needs allows her to provide her students with real - world perspective and career support . Beginning her professional career at age 14 ( Broadway , television ) , Lisa brings to her decades of pedagogical experience a unique and special affinity for working with young actors and singers . As the ‘ go - to ’ vocal consultant for Drama department musicals at La Guardia High School of the Performing Arts since 2010 , Lisa ’ s continued work with LaGuardia students remains a great source of joy and is her way of giving back the cherished support she received as a young professional . Conservatory , College Faculty and Private consulting positions include Marymount Manhattan College ( 2003 - 2016 ) , NTI National Theatre Institute at Eugene O ’ Neill Center ( 1999 - 2006 ) , The Institute for the Alexander Technique ( teacher training program ) , and Artsbridge Performing Arts College Specialty Consultants , among others . Lisa has been a Guest Presenter for the New York Singing Teachers ' Association ' s Comparative Pedagogy Program , has taught Master Classes in NYC in Belting , Vocal Health and Audition Technique at Playwright ’ s Horizons , The Neighborhood Playhouse , The Broadway Experience , Marymount Manhattan College , The Chapin School , and others . Lisa ’ s whole - body approach to voice training encompasses aspects of many disciplines , providing a diverse toolbox from which she can tailor lessons to meet the unique needs of individual clients . These disciplines include a strong emphasis on the Alexander Technique and Lessac Voicework . Lisa ’ s lessons also integrate revelatory self - massage techniques that were developed by her early teacher and pioneer vocologist , Ron Clairmont . It was his mentoring that inspired Lisa ’ s subsequent vocology training while maintaining her acting career . Deeply influenced by her extraordinary early teachers ( Clairmont , Stella Adler and Arthur Lessac ) , Lisa is a confessed life - long learner . Her ongoing work with leading voice therapists and specialists Shirley Tennyson , Joan Lader and David Jones informs her teaching on a daily basis . Lisa has recently codified Throat Tension Release ( TTR ) , a series of vocal self - massaging exercises ( developed by mentor Ron Clairmont ) that have helped hundreds of actors and singers over the years . Lisa ’ s tenure on the Board of Directors of the New York Singing Teachers ’ Association as Co - Director of the Professional Development Program ( 2006 - 2011 ) established her as a mentor to esteemed colleagues , and she continues to guide and support other teachers in their own processes . Other Affiliations include National Association of Teachers of Singing , The Voice Foundation , Actors ’ Equity Association , and SAG - AFTRA . Lisa is certified in all 3 levels of Somatic Voicework ™ / LoVetri Method for CCM Pedagogy , has completed the full core curriculum of NYSTA ’ s Professional Development Program , has completed hundreds of specialty / vocology coursework hours and internships ( Mt . Sinai / NYC ; Anat Keidar , NYC / Westminster Choir College , and others ) and holds a degree in Vocal Pedagogy and Musical Theatre Performance . Lisa ’ s work is dedicated to helping performers achieve their goals by de - mystifying the remarkable act of singing . She empowers performers with the skills needed to master their unique instruments and render technique invisible , so that they can be free to be ‘ in the moment ’ . Lisa ’ s teaching has been represented on Broadway with students in dozens of shows , many marking their Broadway debuts in : Philosophy & Approach philosophy Reliable technique is what paves the way to vocal freedom . Vocal freedom emerges from a combination of consistent and dedicated practice , a free larynx and the subsequent letting go of the technical , allowing your unique voice to manifest as a result . My goal is to provide you with the tools for technical vocal mastery that are meant to be ‘ thrown away ’ , become ‘ invisible ’ , imprinted in your muscle memory , leaving your mind , emotions and muscles free to be in the moment of your performance . Compare this to a tennis player ’ s serve , a dancer ’ s pirouette Martha Graham , the mother of Modern Dance , says it best - “ I believe that we learn by practice . It is the performance of a dedicated , precise set of acts , physical or intellectual , from which comes shape of achievement , a sense of one ’ s being , a satisfaction of spirit . There are times of complete frustration - then I need all the comfort that practice has stored in my memory , and a tenacity of faith . Practice is the means of inviting the perfection desired . ” That said , I believe that one of the most important aspects of my helping direct you through your process is to identify what , how and how much you need to practice in order to achieve your goals . I also believe that if you understand the purpose of an exercise , it will allow you to participate more fully in your own learning process , enabling more productive practice at home and helping you to ‘ own ’ your technique . By empowering you in this way , practice becomes a huge confidence builder , particularly for those for whom singing technique has always seemed vague or for whom singing may not be the ‘ first language ’ . It ’ s true that the racing car driver does n ’ t need to be a car mechanic The human voice is wondrous . It is exquisitely personal , yet it is capable of evoking universal emotions that create powerful and often thrilling experiences for singer and listener alike . As human beings , we crave these experiences . As professional voice users , it ’ s our job to create and re - create these ecstatic experiences on demand . It is my life ’ s work and great passion to de - mystify the ‘ how to ’ of helping you create these experiences . approach In order to meet the unique needs of individual clients , my teaching draws on multiple disciplines and sources that have been integrated over decades of experience . I ’ m always learning and developing ways to help my students , particularly as vocal and performance demands change over time . My goal is to provide an arsenal of tools for helping you master the aspects of voice and auditioning that you can control . We ’ ll directly address the mechanics of singing - no vague concepts , no mystery We ' ll approach technique from the inside - out ; that is FUNCTION FIRST We ’ ll approach your vocal goals from the standpoint of your WHOLE VOICE We ’ ll approach your vocal goals from the standpoint of your WHOLE BODY You ’ ll develop a repertoire of multi - purpose self massage techniques You ’ ll develop tools to master the audition room
|
[
"Lisa Rochelle",
"Voice Teacher",
"Vocal Health Specialist"
] |
http://list-of-birthstones.com/Bloodstone%20Birthstone.html
|
Bloodstone Mohs scale hardness : 6.5 - 7 Bloodstone ( also known as ' heliotrope ' in Greek which means " sun turning " ) is the original birthstone for March , today , bloodstone , aquamarine and jasper are all considered birthstones for March . Perhaps this is surprising since bloodstones are usually green with red flecks and far from sun - colored . What Color is Bloodstone Bloodstone is a silicon dioxide and a variety of chalcedony , which is a form of cryptocrystalline quartz . It is a dark green color gemstone with red spots on it . The gemstone is technically a green jasper with presence of iron oxide giving the stone the red spots . These red spots are what gave the gem the name ‘ bloodstone ’ . The deep green color of the stone is due to the presence of masses of chlorite in the gem . Sometimes jasper with yellow or other colors are also present , but those multi - colored jaspers are usually called " fancy jasper " . Many bloodstones are also found with no red spots at all . Some of them have brown spots , while a few exhibit multicolored inclusions . Being a variety of chalcedony it is a cryptocrystalline quartz , meaning that the individual crystals is too small and can not be easily distinguished under a light microscope . Its belongs to the trigonal crystal system . There are two types of bloodstone : heliotrope and plasma . Plasma is very deep green , opaque , with little or no red in it , and some may have yellowish spots . Heliotrope is Legend has it that bloodstone was first formed when drops of the Christ ' s blood stained stone at the foot of the cross . It is for this reason that the gem is also known as the ‘ martyr ’ s stone ’ . If we touch the stone , it felt so heavy . There is often some confusion between jasper and bloodstone . Fancy jasper is sometimes called bloodstone and bloodstone is sometimes called blood jasper . Jasper and bloodstone are different though closely related stones , two of them being chalcedony forms of quartz . A good quality bloodstone should have a solid color of green with very visible red spots . The gemstone is found in a variety of cuts and shapes , some of the most common ones are round , oval , cushion cut , octagonal , cabochon and emerald cut . The name bloodstone is sometimes misleadingly used for haematite . It is important to remember that bloodstones set in jewelry are coated with a special polish that will enhances the beauty of the gemstone , therefore you should not expose your bloodstone ring or pendant to strong detergents or harsh chemicals as this would damage the surface treatment . There are also so many fake bloodstones out there and it is said that to know which is fake and which is real is pretty easy , rub the stone against the surface made of porcelain , if the stone leave blood - red scars then it is real bloodstone . Today India is the major source of bloodstone . There are also known deposits in Brazil , China , Australia and United states . Bloodstone Healing Properties Indians have long believed in the medical properties of bloodstone and they used finely powdered bloodstone to make many traditional medicines . India consumes large quantities of high quality bloodstone to make medicines even today . This is one of the reasons why pieces of gem quality bloodstone do not reach the jewelry or gemstone markets . It is believed bloodstone have special properties : Used to fight evil and avoid jealousy and enviness . Used to stop bleeding , aid poor blood circulation and to cure blood poisoning as well as draw out the poison from venomous animals . To boost up your spirit and add longevity . To ease broken heart and brings good luck . If the stone turns blood - red in color , this is believed to show as a warning for the wearer of the incoming danger . If the stone is soaked with water and rub on the skin , it will leave some blood - like liquid behind . Today , finely ground bloodstone is still used as a medicine and aphrodisiac in India . Astrologically , bloodstone is associate with the zodiac signs of Aries Pisces and Scorpio How to Sell Gemstones With NO experience and NO start - up capital Copyright © 2009 Game Frog Home | Contact | Disclaimer Privacy Policy
|
[
"Bloodstone",
"heliotrope",
"birthstone"
] |
http://list-of-birthstones.com/Onyx%20Gemstones.html
|
Onyx Mohs scale hardness : 7 Onyx is a semi - precious gemstone made of silicon dioxide and belongs to the chalcedony family of colored quartz . The stones are classified as chalcedony if they are milky , and transparent to translucent , often with bands or layers of colour . The colours of its bands range from white to almost any colour but the most common contain bands of colours of white , brown and tan . Black onyx is highly valuable and other colours can also be found . Onyx is very commonly dyed to give it darker or “ blacker ” . Since the stone is porous ( like any other chalcedony ) , it absorbs color quite easily . Onyx Jewelry In a piece of onyx jewelry , sometimes most of the value comes from its design and not in the gemstone material . The quality of the surface will determine the value of the stone , the polish should be shiny and reflective throughout the stone ’ s surface in an evenly manner . There should not be any pits or cracks , you can observe the surface of the gem with a loupe ( gemological magnifying glass ) . The gem should be slightly transparent . The most well known type of onyx is black onyx and is also the type which is most often found in jewelry . Black onyx is the aniversary gemstone for the 10th year of marriage . Onyx is normally shaped into cabochon or beads . The type of onyx in which the bands are in shade of red instead of black is called sardonyx . The colour of onyx is often the result of chemical and heat treatment , even many of the dealers do not know wether the gems are natural or not because it is difficult to distinguish . Many onyx gemstones are natural in form but most of it is also produced when one stains the agate Cameos are cut from stones , such as onyx , agate or sardonyx , where different colors occur in layers . They cut away the background material , leaving the cameo design in relief . The stone is also used in intaglios , its layers can be cut to show a color contrast betwen the design and the background . Onyx may scratch or chip easily so extra care should be taken when handling it . It can be cleaned using a mild soap and lukewarm water . Rinse the gem properly with water and then dried in open air It is believed onyx has special properties : • A healing stone for ailments of the kidneys and heart . • Black onyx can change wearer ’ s bad habits . • Can make the wearer become eloquent . • To reduce neurological disorders , stress and maintain a good night ’ s sleep . • Capable of pacifying the over - eagerness on love . • To help in the growth of skin , fingernail and hairs . • Able to get rid of negative thoughts , sharpening the wits and giving spiritual inspiration . Astrologically , onyx is associated with the zodiac signs of Leo and it is the mystical birthstone for the month of December . Onyx is also the anniversary gemstone for 7th year of marriage . Sardonyx Healing Properties Sardonyx is a reddish - brown onyx . Sardonyx is the most valuable gemstone of the chalcedony family . The name of the gem was probably acquired because of the fusionn of certain qualities of sard with onyx . Sardonyx is also the traditional birthstone for august . In ancient times , Egyptians used these gemstones as talismans and many Roman soldiers wore sardonyx gems engraved with heroes and the god of war such as Mars or Hercules Ares to render them fearless and brave in battles . According to gem lore , orange sardonyx stimulates , black sardonyx absorbs negative energies and green sardonyx can purify . Sardonyx at one time was more precious than sapphire , silver or even gold . Perhaps the most famous sardonyx was the one set in the ring of gold and carved with the portrait of Elizabeth I and the Queen gave it to the Earl of Essex ( Queen ’ s lover ) as keepsake and memento . Just like many other gemstones , sardonyx also needs to be avoided from extended exposure to extremes of heat or chemicals which could damage the gems . The stone is always widely used in intaglios and cameos . Sardonyx can be found How to Sell Gemstones With NO experience and NO start - up capital Copyright © 2009 Game Frog Home | Contact | Disclaimer Privacy Policy
|
[
"Onyx",
"silicon dioxide",
"chalcedony"
] |
http://list25.com/25-best-muscle-building-foods/
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You are here : Home Science & Technology 25 Foods That Can Actually Kill You 25 Foods That Can Actually Kill You by Sameen 2 years ago Do you think you eat healthy ? Or do you at least try to avoid things that are bad for you ? Well , you might be surprised at what foods can kill you ! Of course , these foods are most likely perfectly fine if they are eaten normally . It ’ s just when you start eating the stems and seeds that things can get dangerous . These are 25 Foods That Can Actually Kill You . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Subscribe to List25 25 Castor Oil Source : huffingtonpost . com , businessinsider . com Castor oil comes from the castor bean plant , which also happens to contain the poison ricin . While castor oil is known for it ’ s benefits as a laxative and for skin and hair care , it ’ s important to use with caution . The main danger is in the beans . It only takes about 8 beans to kill an adult . Luckily , there are many safety guidelines in place for the production of castor beans . 24 Octopus Source : bbc Not just any octopus … live octopus ! It ’ s true ; in some parts of the world , people eat octopus alive . Leaving all else aside , this practice can be quite dangerous as the suckers can get stuck in your throat and cause asphyxiation . 23 Plums Source : livestrong . com Although the fruit is perfectly fine to eat , the pit contains cyanogenic compounds which the body can use to create cyanide . Of course , not many people eat plum pits , so it should n ’ t be much of an issue . 22 Unpasteurized Honey Source : huffingtonpost . com - http : / / www . huffingtonpost . com / the - daily - meal / 21 - deadly - dishes_b_811345 . html Okay , so the honey you eat in the store is fine … because it has been pasteurized . Unpasteurized honey however may contain grayanotoxin , which can lead to side effects such as dizziness , weakness and vomiting . In infants , this can be deadly ! 21 Cassava Root Source : bbc This popular South American and African vegetable is also known as tapioca or yuca . In its raw form , it contains linamarin which can be poisonous when digested . Of course , drying , baking , and soaking the root renders the linamarin harmless , but if the process is n ’ t carried out correctly , the cassava root can be dangerous . Next Page » Popular In the Community 20 Homeless Experience Stories To Inspire and Move You emel 6d well I cant relate because I have a very happy home but , these story actually got me they made me ask my self what if that was me ? 25 True Crime Stories About Serial Killers To Keep You Up At Night BlueFlower 6 Apr Dahmer was n ' t schizophrenic . It does n ' t bode well when you start your list with speculation and falsehood . 25 Facts That Will Scar You For The Rest Of Your Life BlueDog 14 Mar You tried ! 25 Best Spongebob Memes You Can Relate to ( List ) GreenLeaf 12 Mar HILARIOUS AND ORIGINAL 25 Brutal Serial Killer Families PurpleBattery 20 Mar Umm . . . . privacy ? 20 Real Torture Dungeons You ' ll ( Not ) Want To Visit BlueSeahorse 13 Mar 𓀐𓂸 25 Unbelievable Florida Man Challenge : Birthday Results ! GoldPalmtree 6d got a small giggle out of the last one , good job Best Drones for Your Money OrangeTag 24 Feb only five entries to this list ? pathetic ! also , does anyone keep getting these “ stepmom comic ” ads on this site ? i read the comic , and yes , it is about incest 15 Things That Everybody Should Do on the John CyanQuill 7 Mar 15 Things that everyone should do in the car . 25 things everyone should do while sitting on a chair . 25 Things everyone should do while sitting on the ground10 things everyone should do while sitting on concrete . 15 things everyone should do while sitting on carpet . 25 things everyone should do while sitting on bedding . 25 Best Shakespearean Insults That Are Better than Swearing Banana 6 Mar so gonna use this to my class . . . … . 25 Best Flat Earth Memes To Make You A Believer ! OrangeCactus 25 Mar Are you serious with this shit ? 25 Strange Harry Potter Facts About the Film and the Cast GoldPalmtree 59m they all the homosexual 25 Fascinating Facts About Jussie Smollett You Should Know CyanFish 30 Mar Are you kidding me ? Most egregious miscarriage of justice , and use of influence for preferential treatment in modern history . No mention of family friends in the DA ! No mention of the fact they confiscated bond , does n ’ t happen to innocent people ! The Mayor even called him guilty and a shame that he was still claiming innocence ! The CPD had plenty of evidence to convict if not for family friends in the DA ! 20 Bessie Coleman Facts : America ’ s First Black Female Pilot GreenSword 30 Mar Why only 20 facts and not 25 ? You seriously could n ’ t put the effort into finding five more facts about Bessie Coleman ? What a disgrace to the first African - Native American female pilot ! List25 is anti - PC , misogynistic , and racist ! 25 Reboots , Remakes , and Sequels that No One Should Touch ! 3d to be fair , some of these entries are a result of force sequels and franchises causing this end product Popular In the Community 20 Homeless Experience Stories To Inspire and Move You emel well I cant relate because I have a very happy home but , these story actually got me they made me ask my self what if that was me ? 25 True Crime Stories About Serial Killers To Keep You Up At Night BlueFlower 6 Apr Dahmer was n ' t schizophrenic . It does n ' t bode well when you start your list with speculation and falsehood . 25 Facts That Will Scar You For The Rest Of Your Life BlueDog 14 Mar You tried ! 25 Best Spongebob Memes You Can Relate to ( List ) GreenLeaf 12 Mar HILARIOUS AND ORIGINAL 25 Brutal Serial Killer Families PurpleBattery 20 Mar Umm . . . . privacy ? 20 Real Torture Dungeons You ' ll ( Not ) Want To Visit BlueSeahorse 13 Mar 𓀐𓂸 25 Unbelievable Florida Man Challenge : Birthday Results ! got a small giggle out of the last one , good job Best Drones for Your Money OrangeTag 24 Feb only five entries to this list ? pathetic ! also , does anyone keep getting these “ stepmom comic ” ads on this site ? i read the comic , and yes , it is about incest 15 Things That Everybody Should Do on the John CyanQuill 7 Mar 15 Things that everyone should do in the car . 25 things everyone should do while sitting on a chair . 25 Things everyone should do while sitting on the ground10 things everyone should do while sitting on concrete . 15 things everyone should do while sitting on carpet . 25 things everyone should do while sitting on bedding . 25 Best Shakespearean Insults That Are Better than Swearing Banana 6 Mar so gonna use this to my class . . . … . 25 Best Flat Earth Memes To Make You A Believer ! OrangeCactus 25 Mar Are you serious with this shit ? 25 Strange Harry Potter Facts About the Film and the Cast 59m they all the homosexual 25 Fascinating Facts About Jussie Smollett You Should Know CyanFish Are you kidding me ? Most egregious miscarriage of justice , and use of influence for preferential treatment in modern history . No mention of family friends in the DA ! No mention of the fact they confiscated bond , does n ’ t happen to innocent people ! The Mayor even called him guilty and a shame that he was still claiming innocence ! The CPD had plenty of evidence to convict if not for family friends in the DA ! 20 Bessie Coleman Facts : America ’ s First Black Female Pilot GreenSword Why only 20 facts and not 25 ? You seriously could n ’ t put the effort into finding five more facts about Bessie Coleman ? What a disgrace to the first African - Native American female pilot ! List25 is anti - PC , misogynistic , and racist ! 25 Reboots , Remakes , and Sequels that No One Should Touch ! 3d to be fair , some of these entries are a result of force sequels and franchises causing this end product All photos public domain via pixabay except for # 18 Brocken Inaglory Puffer Fish DSC01257 CC BY - SA 3.0 SEE ALSO : 25 Life Hacks That Actually Do n ' t Help Make Your Life Better » NOW WATCH : 25 Awesome Things Your Handwriting Says About You Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Subscribe to List25 YouTube 2M What do you think ? 0 points Upvote Downvote More From : Science & Technology 0 Shares 25 Extremely Strange And Bizarre College Courses Shares 25 Reasons We Need to Get Rid of Nuclear Weapons Do n ' t Miss Hot 25 Most Bizarre Cities And Towns That You ’ ll Ever Visit by Theodoros II about a month ago Hot 25 Fascinating Elizabeth Holmes Facts You Probably Did n ’ t Know List25 Team 24 days ago 25 Odd And Bizarre Facts About Sex You Probably Did n ’ t Know Theodoros II about a month ago Best Female Cosplay Costumes That Never Fail ! ( List ) Kira 25 Facts about Griselda Blanco and The Cocaine Cowboys Adam Freilich 25 days ago Jason 2 months ago
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[
"Foods",
"Castor Oil",
"Octopus"
] |
http://listafterlist.com/most-common-letters-in-the-alphabet-used-in-the-english-language/
|
Home Popular Questions Most Common Letters in the Alphabet Used in the English Language Most Common Letters in the Alphabet Used in the English Language December 31 , 2017 Tim Popular Questions Random Stuff Comments Off on Most Common Letters in the Alphabet Used in the English Language According to a study done by AskOxford , using thier Concise English Dictionary , these are the most common letters in the English language . The letter “ E ” is the most common , 57 times more common than the letter “ Q . ” ( rounded percentages ) E – 57 A – 43 R – 39 I – 38 O – 37 T – 35 N – 34 S – 29 L – 28 C – 23 U – 19 D – 17 P – 16 M – 15 + H – 15 G – 13 B – 11 F – 9 + Y – 9 W – 7 K – 6 V – 5 X – 1 + Z – 1 + J – 1 + Q – 1 Alphabet Common Dictionary English Language Letters most Scrabble Used words Previous Questions you can ask at the Spelling Bee Next Top 10 Most Memorable “ Boiler Room ” Quotes
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[
"English Language",
"Alphabet",
"Common Letters"
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http://listoffreeware.com/list-of-best-free-cad-viewer-software/
|
25 Best Free CAD Viewer Software Here are 25 best free CAD viewer software . These let you open and view CAD files in various formats easily . All these CAD viewer software are completely free and can be downloaded to Windows PC . These free software offer various features , like : load and view sketchup , PLT , DXF , and DWG files , lets you open and view CAD files of various types , gives you the option to convert .dwg files into supported formats , compare , mark up , print and view 3D and 2D models , maps and drawings without the need of CAD software , print , measure , and view programs for AutoCAD , hybrid projects and MicroStation , easily open and view IGES ( 2D ) , Varicad , DXF ( 2D ) , DWG ( 2D ) free CAD viewer software and see which ones you like the most . You can also check out best free image viewer software and best free process viewer software DoubleCad XT DoubleCad XT is a free and handy CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can load and view sketchup , PLT , DXF , and DWG files . DoubleCad XT is also a CAD ( Computer Aided Design ) application . You can try out this freeware to open and view CAD files of various types . Home Page Download Page Autodesk DWG TrueView free Autodesk DWG TrueView free is a free CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can easily view .dwg files . Apart from viewing the .dwg files , this freeware also gives you the option to convert new .dwg files into a supported format , so that they can be opened with all the versions of AutoCAD . e.g. old as well as new versions . Home Page Download Page Autodesk Design Review Autodesk Design Review is a free and handy CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can compare , mark up , print and view versions of 3D and 2D models , maps and drawings without the need of CAD ( Computer Aided Design ) software . You can try out this freeware to view CAD files in a variety of formats supported by this freeware . Bentley View Bentley View is a free , useful and handy CAD , DGN and DWG file viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can print , measure , and view programs for AutoCAD , hybrid projects and MicroStation . You can try out this freeware to view .dwg , .dgn , and CAD files . VariCAD Viewer Varicad Viewer is a free and useful CAD viewer software for your computer . It is based upon VairCAD . You can easily open and view IGES ( 2D ) , Varicad , DXF ( 2D ) , DWG ( 2D ) , and STEP ( 3D ) files . By using this freeware you can also convert DXF to DWG file format and DWG to DXF file format . Free DWG Viewer Free DWG Viewer is a free CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can easily view DWF , DXF , DWG and CSF ( IGC format ) files without installing AudoCAD or any other CAD software in your PC . It provides various viewing options to you . By using this freeware you can also magnify , mirror , rotate , zoom and pan images . AnyCAD Viewer AnyCAD Viewer is a free CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can easily view CAD files in various formats such as .iges , .3ds , .mdl , .obj , .md2 , .stl , .dxf , .fbx , .step etc . You can tryout this freeware to open and view CAD files in multiple formats . Mini CAD Viewer Mini CAD Viewer is a free and handy autocad viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can easily view and open AutoCAD files . Mini CAD Viewer is a lightweight software . It supports CAD file formats e.g. DXF , and DWG etc . You can try out Mini CAD Viewer to open AutoCAD files . DWGSee Plus Viewer DWGSee Plus Viewer is a free and handy CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can open and view AutoCAD files easily without installing any CAD software on your PC . DWGSee Plus Viewer is a lightweight and simple application . It supports DXF and DWF file formats . AutoCAD Drawing Viewer AutoCAD Drawing Viewer is a free and handy AutoCAD viewer software for your PC . With the help of this freeware you can open and view AutoCAD files easily and quickly . The file formats supported by this freeware are DXF and DWG . Its main features are copy drawings to clipboard , print drawings , set layer color , view layer information , turn off / on image layers , replace and find text , replace and find attribute values . View text and attribute values , view drawing information etc . eDrawings Viewer EDrawings Viewer is a free and handy CAD viewer application for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can view designs or drawings made by any CAD tool . By using this freeware you can also print DWG and AutoCAD DXF files . It will also support file formats such as BMP , TIFF etc . DraftSight DraftSight is a free CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can edit , make , and view DXF and DWF files easily . Apart from viewing the DXF and DWF files you can also build various plans and designs by using this freeware . It can also export your projects to various formats such as PNG , PDF , and JPG etc . IrfanView IrfanView is a free and handy CAD file viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can easily view DWG files . IrfanView supports a variety of file formats e.g. DWF , CGM , SVG and many more . By using this freeware you can not edit or change a DWG file , you can only view DWG file . Autodesk DWF Viewer Autodesk DWF Viewer is a free and handy CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can easily print and view 3D and 2D models , maps and drawings in the DWF format . This freeware is only a DWF viewer application . So you can not edit or modify DWF files by using this freeware . STP viewer STP viewer is a free and handy CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can view various CAD models e.g. 2D and 3D objects . By using this freeware you can also edit shade or color of 3D objects and wireframes . To view CAD project files you can tryout this freeware . MyCAD Viewer MyCAD Viewer is a free CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can view DXF , DWG and SolidWorks CAD files . By using this freeware you can open or save documents in various formats supported by this freeware . To use this freeware , there is no need to install eDrawing or SolidWorks in your computer . SolidView SolidView is a free CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can see 3D files in SolidWorks , SVD and STL formats . You can also print , rotate and view 3D pictures by using this freeware . SolidView is a lightweight software . If you need a free CAD viewer software for viewing 3D projects then you can tryout this freeware . CityCAD Viewer CityCAD Viewer is a free CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can view and open city models easily . City models supports URB format . By using this freeware you can easily share the city models with other people . You can tryout this freeware to open and view city models easily . AnyCAD DWGViewer AnyCAD DWGViewer is a free CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can view DWG files easily . This freeware also converts DWF files into various formats e.g. convert DWG to image , DWG to DWF , DWG to DXF , DWG to SVG , DWG to PDF etc . CadFaster CadFaster is a free CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can easily view CAD files in various formats supported by this freeware e.g. HSF and STEP file formats . If you are looking for a free CAD viewer software for viewing HSF and STEP project files then you can tryout this freeware . 3D - Tool 3D - Tool is a free CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can view and open native 3D tool files and STL files ( 2D and 3D ) easily . This freeware also lets you view 2D & 3D CAD files . By using this freeware you can mark - up , measure , graphically analyze and visualize your 3D CAD projects . TatukGIS Free Viewer TatukGIS Free Viewer is a free CAD viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can easily open and view Mapinfo , ArcExplorer , ArcView projects , raster images , and CAD / GIS vector image files . If you are looking for a free CAD file viewer software for your computer then you can tryout this freeware . Express 3D Express 3D is a free and handy CAD file viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can view CAD files in a wide variety of formats e.g. point cloud ( .xyz ) , PDF , CGR , STL , VDA , STEP , IGES , Parasolid , JT , Solid Edge , Solidworks , Unigraphics / Siemens and many more . AIGraph CAD Viewer AIGraph CAD Viewer is a free and handy CAD file viewer software for your computer . With the help of this freeware you can view DXF and DWF project files easily . Apart from viewing these files it can also convert CAD files into various formats . You can tryout this freeware if you need a free CAD viewer application . Bentley DGN Reader Bentley DGN Reader is a free and handy CAD file viewer for your computer . By using this freeware you can view 3D and plain models of DGN project files . This freeware easily integrates itself into the Microsoft Office and Windows Explorer etc . There is no need for you to install any expensive CAD software to view CAD files . by Amit Gupta
|
[
"CAD Viewer Software",
"DoubleCad XT",
"Autodesk DWG TrueView"
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http://listosaur.com/science-a-technology/5-surprising-facts-about-the-human-brain/
|
5 Surprising Facts About the Human Brain BY Arthur Weinstein IN Science & Technology February 28 , 2012 3 comments 20 Look around your house or car at all the amazing inventions that have come along in the past few years : iPods and iPads , GPS devices , satellite TV , those weird little robots that can vacuum a room by themselves . All these technological toys are like Stone - Age tools compared to the amazing wonders of the human brain . Although humans have been studying the brain for thousands of years , in the past 15 years or so , scientists have debunked some longstanding myths about our most vital organ . Here are some surprising facts 5 . The Average Brain Uses Equivalent of 20 Watts of Power Albert Einstein in 1921 . Researchers have determined that the brain consumes about 20 percent of the body ’ s energy . From there , it ’ s rather simple to take the average daily caloric intake of a human , translate that into an energy equivalent , and then determine the amount of energy an average human brain uses each day . Several different sources have determined the brain ’ s electric output to be approximately 20 watts . That begs an obvious question : Do the brains of so - called “ geniuses ” use more energy ? We might not know if 4 . People Use Much More Than 10 Percent of Their Brains PET Scan of human brain , with red , yellow areas showing activity ; Jens Langner The myth that humans use only 10 percent of their brains has been repeated so often , by so many sources , it ’ s widely accepted as fact . It ’ s certainly one of the most pervasive myths about the human body , dating back to the early 20th century . Researchers have used MRI and PET scans of the human brain to show that far more than 10 percent of the organ is used even at rest . In fact , studies suggest that during any given day , fully 100 percent of the brain ’ s MythBusters — it persists in popular culture . 3 . The Brain Adds New Cells Throughout Life Photo credit : © Aleksey Baskakov / Dreamstime . com Another longstanding brain myth is that a person is born with all the brain cells they ’ ll ever have , and when the cells die , that ’ s it . The brain has some 100 billion nerve cells , and cells do die on a regular basis . Cell death can be accelerated by drug and alcohol abuse and even sleep apnea . However , studies in recent years have shown that our brains add new neurons throughout life , as many as hundreds of thousands per month . You can aid this process , known as neurogenesis 2 . Aging Does n ’ t Cause the Death of Brain Cells Remaining active as you age is critical in maintaining good brain health ; Yuri Acurs / Shutterstock . com Also contrary to popular belief , the process of aging itself does n ’ t necessarily kill brain cells . A study at Harvard in the mid - 1990s examined the brains of 38 people who had died between the ages of 57 and 90 . The study found no age - related loss of brain cells . In other words , the brains of those in their 80s and 90s had as many neurons as those of the 50 - somethings . But changes in the brain that begin in our 20s and 30s eventually result in diminished mental 1 . The Brain ’ s Storage Capacity Is Astounding Photo credit : © Dmitriy Gool / Dreamstime . com Imagine your brain as a computer hard drive . How much memory would your “ system ” have ? A few scientists have puzzled over this question in recent years , with widely varying results . Syracuse University Professor Robert Birge estimated in 1996 that the human brain had a storage capacity of between 1 and 10 terabytes , with a likely value of 3TB ( for comparison , high - end iMacs today come with a 1 terabyte memory ) . However , Scientific American posed the same question to a psychologist in 2010 , who estimated that the brain ’ s memory storage capacity is 2.5 petabytes ( a petabyte is 1 million gigabytes , or 1,000 terabytes ) . To put those 2.5 petabytes in perspective , the entire print collection of the U.S. Library of Congress is estimated at 10 terabytes . Even that might be understating the brain ’ s processing and storage capacity . University of Southern California researchers Martin Hilbert and Priscila Lopez have spent several years researching the combined computer processing and storage capacity of humankind . The 18 instructions per second . As the researchers note on their website , “ The maximal number of neural nerve impulses of a group of 64 people is equal to the number of instructions all our computational devices combined can compute ( in 1999 it was equal to nerve impulses executed by one human brain ) . ” Written by Arthur Weinstein The author is a longtime professional journalist who has interviewed everyone from presidential contenders to hall of fame athletes to rock ' n ' roll legends while covering politics , sports , and other topics for both local and national publications and websites . His latest passions are history , geography and travel . He ' s traveled extensively around the United States seeking out the hidden wonders of the country . Tagged : can brain cells regenerate do brain cells die as we age do humans use more than 10 percent of their brain how much power does human brain use storage capacity of human brain what is hard drive equivalent of human brain 10 Amazing New U.S. Defense Technologies 10 Great Scenic State Parks to Visit
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[
"HUMAN BRAIN"
] |
http://lists.eng.wayne.edu/~robert/be1010/fall02/VBAArrays.htm
|
Chapter 24 : Techniques for Handling VBA Arrays Overview An Excel worksheet — more generally , any spreadsheet — is an array . It has rows and columns , and it has cells that represent the intersections of the rows and columns . Extending the concept to three dimensions , an Excel workbook is an array of its worksheets ' rows and columns , plus the layer of worksheets in the workbook . Excel offers a variety of techniques for handling the data in that array . You can copy columns from one part of a worksheet to another . You can cut a row from one worksheet and paste it into another worksheet . You can sort data on up to three fields at once . You can create pivot tables using multiple consolidation ranges . All of these techniques are readily accessible from the Standard worksheet menu . Chapters 21 and 22 touch on the use of VBA arrays , and Chapter 25 discusses their use in getting data from an external database . This chapter shows you how to extend the array concept , persistent and visualized on the worksheet , to the more transient and often invisible context of the array . Depending on how you declare them , arrays can have rows and columns , just as worksheets do , and they can also have a depth dimension , just as workbooks do . You will find , if you have n ' t already , that it helps to visualize a array as though it were an Excel worksheet . are memory locations . Their structure and contents disappear as soon as the code that declares and populates them stops running . It ' s in part because of this transience that can be so efficient . Your code can write to a array , read from it , and perform calculations on it — usually much faster than it can perform the same operations on worksheet cells . Declaring and Populating Arrays In most cases you must declare an array as such before you can use it . ( One major exception , discussed later in this chapter , occurs when you assign an existing array to a Variant variable . ) Dimensioning the Array Declaring an array is a matter of naming it , indicating its dimensions , and defining its type . For example , the declaration Dim MyArray ( 1 To 5 , 1 To 10 ) As Integer creates an array named MyArray , consisting of two dimensions . The first dimension ' s index starts at 1 and ends at 5 ; the second dimension ' s index starts at 1 and ends at 10 . The array can contain integer values . Suppose you want to declare an array that has ten rows and two columns . You could do that with this statement : Dim MyArray ( 1 To 10 , 1 To 2 ) As Integer This declaration means that MyArray has ten rows , which are numbered 1 to 10 , and two columns , numbered 1 to 2 ; MyArray can store integer values only . You would refer to the intersection of the first row and the first column with a statement like this one : SomeValue = MyArray ( 1 , 1 ) You could also declare the array as follows : Dim MyArray ( - 5 To 4 , 0 To 1 ) As Integer This array also has ten rows , but they are numbered – 5 to 4 . Its two columns are numbered 0 to 1 . You would refer to the intersection of the first row and the first column with this statement : SomeValue = MyArray ( - 5 , 0 ) It would take an idiosyncratic situation to get you to dimension the array in this way , but it ' s not impossible to imagine one . In the declaration of the array , you ' re not required to specify the lowest and highest value of a dimension , as is done in the examples above . If you omit the lowest value ( also termed the lower bound ) , supplies a default value . Consider this declaration : Dim MyArray ( 10 , 2 ) As Integer The default lower bound for both rows and columns is 0 . So the above declaration is tantamount to Dim MyArray ( 0 To 10 , 0 To 2 ) As Integer If you want to avoid having to declare each dimension ' s lower bound , and if you want the lower bound to default to 1 instead of 0 , use this option statement : Option Base 1 at the beginning of any module to which it should apply . Then the declaration Dim MyArray ( 10 , 2 ) As Integer is the same as Dim MyArray ( 1 To 10 , 1 To 2 ) As Integer Letting the lower bound of a dimension equal 0 can ease some situations — for example , when you return field names from a database , they begin with Field ( 0 ) , then Field ( 1 ) , and so on . But for most situations , it ' s easier to set the lower bound to 1 . If you do so , you know that the expression MyArray ( 5 , 1 ) refers to the value in the fifth row , first column of the array . As noted above , when you declare an array to have two dimensions , the first dimension represents rows and the second represents columns . So it ' s counterintuitive to learn that the declaration Dim MyArray ( 10 ) As Integer has ten columns and one row . You would think that the first ( and only ) dimension would represent rows . But it represents columns . To convince yourself , run this code : Dim MyArray ( 10 ) As Integer , i As Integer For i = 1 to 10 MyArray ( i ) = i Next i Range ( Cells ( 1 , 1 ) , Cells ( 10 , 1 ) ) = MyArray Range ( Cells ( 15 , 1 ) , Cells ( 15 , 10 ) ) = MyArray The result is shown in Figure 24 - 1 . Figure 24 - 1 : A single - dimension array has one row and several columns Note that cells A1 : A10 all contain the same value , 1 . This is because the statement Range ( Cells ( 1 , 1 ) , Cells ( 10 , 1 ) ) = MyArray which puts values in cells A1 : A10 — that is , ten rows and one column — puts the value in the first cell of MyArray in each cell . That first cell in MyArray is actually its first column . In contrast , cells A15 : J15 contain the integers 1 through 10 , the full range of MyArray . So each column in MyArray has been written to a different column on the worksheet . This bit of array esoterica has little practical value , but you need to be aware of it . Otherwise , you will write code that you expect to put different values in different rows but in fact puts the same value in different rows . For this reason , many developers declare the row and column orientation of an array specifically . For example , the code Option Base 1 Dim MyArray ( 10 , 1 ) unambiguously results in an array with ten rows and one column . Populating the Array In practice , you populate ( that is , fill with values ) most from the worksheet . Your code reads values from a worksheet and inserts them into an array . At times , though , you want to put specific values or variables into an array . has a special function , Array , that enables you to do that . Here ' s an example : MyArray = Array ( 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 ) For this assignment statement to work , you must declare MyArray as type Variant , and you must not provide it with dimensions . So you would declare MyArray with this statement : Dim MyArray As Variant You ' re not restricted to specific values when you populate an array in this way . You can use variables too : QuarterlyCostArray = Array ( JanCosts , FebCosts , MarchCosts ) Because you must declare the variable that will contain the array as Variant , you can mix different types of data : EmployeeArray = Array ( EmpName , HireDate , Salary ) In the example above , EmpName might contain a string , HireDate a date value , and Salary a single - precision value . Getting Data from the Worksheet There would be little point to using at all if you did n ' t have data to put in them . Often , though not always , the data comes from the worksheet . There are two main ways to move data from the worksheet and into a array , and ( necessarily ) both require that you use code to accomplish the move . One method moves the data cell by cell , and the other moves the data en masse . Looping Through Cells in the Range Suppose you have a worksheet that ' s set up as shown in Figure 24 - 2 . Note that every other row in the range A2 : A27 is blank . You want to put the data in this range into a array , but you do n ' t want to bother with the empty rows ; similar considerations would apply if every other column were empty . A nested loop is an ideal solution to this sort of problem . Here ' s one way to do it : Dim ArrayOfTemps ( 11 , 6 ) As Single Dim i As Integer , j As Integer , k As Integer k = 1 For i = 23 To 27 Step 2 For j = 1 To 6 ArrayOfTemps ( k , j ) = Cells ( i , j ) .Value Next j k = k + 1 Next I The preceding code indexes the worksheet rows in increments of 2 . That is , the outer For loop first sets i equal to 3 , then equal to 5 ( because of the Step 2 parameter ) , then to 7 , and so on . The result is that the rows with empty cells — the even - numbered rows , in this example — are skipped . Although every other worksheet row is skipped , every row in the array is used . So the third row on the worksheet goes into the first row in the array , the fifth worksheet row goes into the second row in the array , and so on . This means that the code must use different variables to index the worksheet rows and the array rows . The example uses i to index the worksheet rows , and k to index the array rows . Each time that increments ( by 2 ) , k increments ( by 1 ) . The technique of using one variable to keep your place in an array and another to keep your place on a worksheet has applicability in many situations — for example , when you reverse the present example by writing from an array to a worksheet , and you need to leave some rows empty . Another example of this concept occurs when you need to apply a condition to reading the data . Consider the worksheet shown in Figure 24 - 3 . Figure 24 - 3 : Unsorted data ranges often call for conditional processing Suppose that part of the task you set for your code is to select sales made during the year ' s first quarter . You need to look at the value in column A : if it is January , February , or March , you want to use that row , and to skip it otherwise . Code such as this would work : Option Explicit Sub ReadSalesIntoArray ( ) Dim ArrayOfSales ( ) As Currency , NumberOfRows As Integer Dim i As Integer , j As Integer , k As Integer k = 1 NumberOfRows = Cells ( 65536 , 1 ) .End ( xlUp ) .Row ReDim ArrayOfSales ( 4 , k ) For i = 2 To NumberOfRows If Cells ( i , 1 ) = " January " Or Cells ( i , 1 ) = " February " Or _ Cells ( i , 1 ) = " March " Then For j = 2 To 4 ArrayOfSales ( j , k ) = Cells ( i , j ) .Value Next j k = k + 1 ReDim Preserve ArrayOfSales ( 4 , k ) End If Next i End Sub This code is complicated enough to require some comment . After setting options the code declares some variables , notably ArrayOfSales . This variable is declared with an empty pair of parentheses ; so doing indicates that it is a dynamic array : one whose dimensions can be changed while the code is running . To declare the array as something such as Dim ArrayOfSales ( 100 , 4 ) As Currency where its dimensions are given specific upper and lower bounds , would prevent you from redimensioning the array later in the code . The code then sets the value of NumberOfRows , which defines how many worksheet rows are to be examined . It does this by starting with the cell in the 65536th row , first column . The code then applies the End property to that cell . When you invoke a cell ' s End property , you must also specify a direction . Here the direction used is xlUp — a constant meaning " the up direction on a worksheet . " This has the same effect as if you had selected cell A65536 , the final row in column A , held down the ctrl key , and pressed the up arrow . The active cell would become the bottommost cell in column A that contains a value . Once the code has found the bottommost cell in column A that contains a value , it notes the number of that row and puts the row number in the variable NumberOfRows . Now the code knows how far down the worksheet to go in its search for sales made during the first quarter . A loop is entered , indexed by i and terminated after has become equal to NumberOfRows . The first step within the loop is to find out whether the current row belongs to the first quarter : that is , if the value in column A is January , February , or March . If not , nothing happens inside the loop — the index is incremented and the loop starts over at the next worksheet row . But when the value in the current row of column A passes that If test , the data in that row is read into the current column of ArrayOfSales . This occurs by means of this simple loop : For j = 2 To 4 ArrayOfSales ( j , k ) = Cells ( i , j ) .Value Next j The loop might read the values in cells B45 : D45 into these array locations : ( 2 , 11 ) , ( 3 , 11 ) , and ( 4 , 11 ) . This procedure — reading a row of worksheet data into a column of a array — is not there just to make life difficult . It is to conform to the requirements of the ReDim Preserve statement . At the beginning of this code , it ' s not known how many worksheet rows contain data from the first quarter . Therefore , the code does n ' t know how many elements to reserve in the array for sales that meet that criterion . The code takes the approach that it will create another element in the array each time it encounters another worksheet row that qualifies to go into the array . The code creates that additional element by means of the ReDim statement . Each time the index variable is incremented by 1 , the array is redimensioned to have an additional element . The statement ReDim Preserve ArrayOfSales ( 3 , k ) means " Redimension the array so that it has three rows and as many columns as the value of , and preserve the data that ' s already in the array . " ( See Chapter 22 for a full explanation of the use of the Preserve keyword , but recall that the use of ReDim alone reinitializes an array , thus losing any data it contains . ) It is the use of Preserve that requires the code to add new columns instead of adding new rows . When you redimension an array and you want to preserve its contents , you can change the limits of the array ' s final dimension only . What about column A ? The loop that actually populates the array skips column A and reads the values in columns B , C , and D . The loop also populates rows 2 , 3 , and 4 of the array , ignoring row 1 . The reason is that the code declares ArrayOfSales as type Currency . Trying to place a text string , read from column A , into the array would result in a type mismatch error , so the loop bypasses it when it populates the array . An alternative would be to dimension ArrayOfSales with three instead of four rows , and use a loop like this one : For j = 2 To 4 ArrayOfSales ( j - 1 , k ) = Cells ( i , j ) .Value Next j Notice that as j runs from 2 to 4 , its usage as an index to ArrayOfSales runs from 1 to 3 . Where possible , I prefer to avoid doing calculations inside a loop that could execute thousands of times , so in this example I dimension the array with four rows and ignore the first row of the array along with the first column on the worksheet . Another alternative would be to declare ArrayOfSales as type Variant instead of Currency . Then the array could take on virtually any sort of value . But as was discussed in Chapter 21 , a Variant array requires considerably more memory than other array types . See this chapter ' s section " User - Defined Data Types " for a more elegant solution to the problem of mixing data types in an array . After is incremented and the array is redimensioned , the loop executes again , and it continues to execute until its counter , , exceeds the value of NumberOfRows . When that occurs , all the rows have been tested , those that belong to the first quarter have been read into the array , and both the loop and the subroutine terminate . Assigning the Range to an Array At times , the worksheet range whose values you want to put into a array will consist of a group of contiguous columns and contiguous rows . If in addition you do n ' t need to apply a criterion to the data you put into the array , you can perform the worksheet - to - array transfer in one step . The key is to declare the array properly . Suppose you want to assign , in one step , the currency values in worksheet range A1 : D100 to an array named ArrayOfSales . You must declare ArrayOfSales in this way : Dim ArrayOfSales As Variant ( It ' s not recommended , but if you fail to use Option Explicit and fail to declare ArrayOfSales at all , then the approach discussed here also works . Not declaring a variable causes it to default to type Variant when you first use it . ) If you declare the array in any of the following ways , you wo n ' t be able to assign the range of values in one step : 1 . Dim ArrayOfSales As Currency Currency is the wrong data type . You must declare the variable as Variant . 2 . Dim ArrayOfSales ( 100 , 4 ) As Variant Even though ArrayOfSales will contain 100 rows and four columns , you ca n ' t specify the dimensions in the declaration . 3 . Dim ArrayOfSales ( ) As Variant While ArrayOfSales will eventually be an array , you ca n ' t make it so with the empty pair of parentheses , as you would to declare a dynamic array . After declaring the variable as Variant , you can populate it with a statement such as ArrayOfSales = Sheets ( 1 ) .Range ( Cells ( 1 , 1 ) , Cells ( 100 , 4 ) ) When you do so , the array has exactly the same dimensions as the worksheet range whose values you assign to it : in the above example , ArrayOfSales would automatically be dimensioned to have 100 rows and four columns . You would find precisely the same values in the array ' s cells as you find in the range ' s cells . That is , if C85 on the worksheet contains 1.234 , so does the cell in the 85th row of column 3 of ArrayOfSales . This technique can be clumsy when you are n ' t working with a range of relevant and contiguous rows and columns — then you have to account for the blank or irrelevant rows or columns in the array . It also requires more of your computer ' s memory , because data of type Variant nearly always requires more memory than do other data types . But when your worksheet data is laid out in a way that supports this approach , it can be much faster than executing a couple of potentially lengthy loops . Further , it ' s easier to write a single assignment statement than it is to write two loops , and to make sure that the counters controlling the loops are consistent with the dimensions of the array that the loops populate . Putting Data on the Worksheet Many of the same considerations apply when you ' re determining how best to move data from a VBA array and to a worksheet range . You can do so in one statement , or by means of loops . Again , the choice is usually dictated by how you want the worksheet range to appear . Writing to the Full Range in One Statement Suppose you want to move an entire VBA array to a worksheet range , and you do n ' t have any special requirements for the worksheet layout : for example , you do n ' t require any intervening rows or columns . A statement like this one could work : Sheets ( 1 ) .Range ( Cells ( 1 , 1 ) , Cells ( 100 , 4 ) ) = ArrayOfSales If ArrayOfSales has 100 rows and four columns , the assignment statement shown above will do the trick . But it ' s a good idea to be wary of statements that rely on numeric constants . What if the upper limits of the dimensions of the array are not 100 and 4 ? The UBound and LBound functions are useful in situations like this . UBound returns the largest subscript of an array ' s dimension , and LBound returns the lowest subscript . So , if you declare an array as follows : Dim MyArray ( - 10 To 15 ) LBound ( MyArray ) returns – 10 , and UBound ( MyArray ) returns 15 . If an array has more than one dimension , you should include the dimension you ' re interested in as the second argument to LBound and UBound , as follows : Dim MyArray ( - 10 To 15 , 1 to 8 ) With this declaration , LBound ( MyArray , 1 ) returns – 10 and UBound ( MyArray , 2 ) returns 8 . You can use these functions to generalize your code . For example : Dim Nrows As Long , Ncols as Integer Nrows = UBound ( MyArray , 1 ) – LBound ( MyArray , 1 ) + 1 Ncols = UBound ( MyArray , 2 ) – LBound ( MyArray , 2 ) + 1 Sheets ( 1 ) .Range ( Cells ( 1 , 1 ) , Cells ( Nrows , Ncols ) ) = MyArray The number of rows , Nrows , in the array is found by subtracting the lower bound of the array ' s first dimension from its upper bound and adding 1 . The number of columns , Ncols , in the array is found by subtracting the lower bound of the array ' s second dimension from its upper bound and adding 1 . This approach makes it possible to adjust the size of the worksheet range according to the size of the array . Special treatment is needed when the worksheet range that you are writing to is not on the active sheet . Suppose Sheets ( 1 ) is the active sheet and Sheets ( 2 ) is the one where you want to write the contents of your VBA array . You might well expect this statement to work : Sheets ( 2 ) .Range ( Cells ( 1 , 1 ) , Cells ( Nrows , Ncols ) ) = MyArray But it does n ' t . The reason is that in this construction , the Cells object refers to cells on the active sheet . If Sheets ( 2 ) is not the active sheet , you wo n ' t get what you ' re after — writing the array to Sheets ( 2 ) . Instead , use the dot notation to make sure that the Cells object you refer to belong to Sheets ( 2 ) : With Sheets ( 2 ) .Range ( .Cells ( 1 , 1 ) , .Cells ( Nrows , NCols ) ) = MyArray End With Consider the situation just described above in the " Looping Through Cells in the Range " section . There , using the Preserve keyword meant you had to reverse rows and columns in your array : a row on the worksheet became a column in the array . When it comes time to write the array to the worksheet , you could use nested loops to reverse the process , to convert a column in the array to a row on the worksheet . But if you want to write the array in just one statement , you can make use of the worksheet function TRANSPOSE to reverse the orientation of the rows and columns With Sheets ( 2 ) .Range ( .Cells ( 1 , 1 ) , .Cells ( Nrows , NCols ) ) = Application _ .WorksheetFunction .Transpose ( ArrayOfSales ) End With Without using the TRANSPOSE function , the array would be written to the worksheet as shown in Figure 24 - 4 . Figure 24 - 4 : This is the original orientation of the array With the TRANSPOSE function , the array is written as shown in Figure 24 - 5 . And Figure 24 - 5 shows the proper orientation , one that mirrors the orientation of the data on its source sheet . Writing the Array with Loops Sometimes you want to put data on the worksheet in a way that collapses across some of the rows or columns in the VBA array . Figure 24 - 6 shows the contents of a VBA array as they would appear if a range of cells were just set equal to the contents of the array , as discussed in the prior section . Figure 24 - 6 : If you could see the VBA array itself , it would look much like this The values shown in Figure 24 - 6 represent data used in a room reservation application . The first column shows the room to be reserved , the second shows the purpose of the reservation , the third shows the date of the reservation , and the fourth and fifth columns show the reservation ' s starting and ending times . Some of the reservations occupy more than one room . In Figure 24 - 6 , for example , the first and second rows are identical except for the room that ' s reserved . In this case , the same reservation occupies more than one room . When it ' s time to create a hard - copy calendar of events , you would like multiple - room reservations to appear on one line instead of two or more . The preference is to show one reservation on one calendar line , and to show all the rooms occupied by that reservation on that one line . To manage things in that way , you have to use loops to write the data , instead of putting the entire array on the worksheet in one assignment statement . Here ' s code that rearranges the array so that it appears on the worksheet as desired : Set StartCell = Cells ( 1 , 1 ) i = 1 CountRows = 0 LastAppointment = UBound ( Reservations , 1 ) Do Until i > LastAppointment RoomName = Reservations ( i , 1 ) Purpose = Reservations ( i , 2 ) ResDate = Reservations ( i , 3 ) StartTime = Reservations ( i , 4 ) StopTime = Reservations ( i , 5 ) StopLooking = False Do Until StopLooking Or i = LastAppointment i = i + 1 If Reservations ( i , 2 ) = Purpose And _ Reservations ( i , 3 ) = ResDate And _ Reservations ( i , 4 ) = StartTime Then RoomName = RoomName & " , " & Reservations ( i , 1 ) Else StopLooking = True i = i – 1 End If Loop CountRows = CountRows + 1 StartCell . Offset ( CountRows , 0 ) = StartTime StartCell . Offset ( CountRows , 1 ) = StopTime StartCell . Offset ( CountRows , 2 ) = Purpose StartCell . Offset ( CountRows , 3 ) = RoomName i = i + 1 Loop End Sub Here ' s a conceptual description of the above code . It begins by setting an object variable , StartCell , to A1 on the active worksheet , the sheet to which the data will be written . The counters and CountRows are initialized , and a control variable , LastReservation , is set to the number of the final row in the array Reservations The code then enters the main loop . As defined in the Do statement , the loop will execute until the counter is greater than the number of the last reservation — that is , it will loop until all the reservations in the array have been accounted for . Variables are then assigned the values in the current row of the array Reservations : the name of the reserved room , the purpose of the reservation , the reservation date , the start - time , and the stop - time are all copied from the array into single - value variables . Another control variable , StopLooking , is set to False . It helps control a subsidiary loop . This latter loop continues to look into the Reservations array : it is looking for more rooms that belong to the current reservation . The inner loop will continue until either it has reached the last row of the array or a new reservation has been found . Inside the inner loop , the counter variable is incremented by 1 , so that the next reservation can be examined . When three conditions are true , the loop judges that it has found a continuation of the prior reservation . It does so if the purpose is the same as the prior reservation , if its date is the same , and its start time is the same . In that case , it executes this statement : RoomName = RoomName & " , " & Reservations ( i , 1 ) Suppose the current value of RoomName is K , and the th reservation is a continuation of the current one . The th reservation has L in the first column of the Reservations array . This statement would change the value of RoomNam e from K to K , L . This is how the loop is used to convert multiple rows in the input array to individual rows on the worksheet . What if the loop judges that the th reservation is not a continuation of the current reservation ? Then StopLooking is set to True . This will prevent the inner loop from executing again , and control will pass to the statement following the Loop statement . In addition , is decremented by 1 . This is in order that the main outer loop will continue with the first record of the next reservation . The inner loop having done its work , the outer loop will now write the values of the variables to the worksheet . With each instance of the outer loop , CountRows is incremented by 1 . This counter is used to determine how many rows away from StartCell to write the information about the current reservation . For example , suppose StartCell is cell A1 and the current value of CountRows is 1 . Then this statement : StartCell . Offset ( CountRows , 0 ) = StartTime writes the value of StartTime to cell A2 , the cell that is offset from A1 by one row and zero columns . Similarly , if CountRows equals 3 , the statement StartCell . Offset ( CountRows , 3 ) = RoomName writes the value of RoomName to cell D4 , the cell that is offset from A1 by three rows and three columns . Finally , is incremented by 1 to get to the next row of the Reservations array , and control passes back to the top of the outer loop . When equals the last row of that array , the loop executes for the final time and the subroutine ends . The data shown in Figure 24 - 6 then appear as shown in Figure 24 - 7 . Sorting You can sort data in a array just as you do on the worksheet . Text , numbers , date values ( which are actually numbers ) — all can be sorted in a array . Using the worksheet sort capability can be more effective than doing the sort on a array . Certainly , multiple sort keys can make the situation complex enough that you might want to write the array contents to the worksheet as described earlier in this chapter . Then sort the array on the worksheet — you can do so from within by calling the Sort method of the Range object . After the sort is complete , and if necessary , you can read the contents back into the array , again as described in earlier sections of this chapter . That said , there are reasons that you might want to do the sort using a array anyway . For example , Excel offers you no way to sort the order of the worksheets in a workbook . When they need to be sorted , you must sort them manually . After describing a basic approach to array sorts , this section provides you with a subroutine that will sort a workbook ' s sheets for you . Simple Exchange Sorts The sorting method that ' s easiest to understand is the exchange sort . It ' s the most basic approach to sorting — and usually the slowest . But its theme can be found in the most sophisticated and fastest algorithms . The idea behind an exchange sort is to work through an array of values from the first to the last . Each time you find a pair of values that ' s out of order , you switch them . For example , if the fifth value is 9 and the tenth value is 2 , an ascending sort would call for their positions to be switched — the fifth value would become 2 and the tenth value would become 9 . It ' s easy enough to say " switch the positions of these values , " but it ' s only a little more difficult in practice . Suppose the array is named Values , you want to sort it in ascending order , and the fifth value is 9 and the sixth value is 2 . You ca n ' t start with the statement Values ( 6 ) = Values ( 5 ) because then both positions in the array would equal 9 — you ' ve lost the 2 . And of course if you start with the statement Values ( 5 ) = Values ( 6 ) you ' ve lost the 9 . The solution is to use a holding place , a variable of the same type as the array that you ' re sorting . The current example would look something like this : TempValue = Values ( 5 ) Values ( 5 ) = Values ( 6 ) Values ( 6 ) = TempValue In words : 1 . Put 9 into TempValue . 2 . Put 2 into Values ( 5 ) . 3 . Put 9 into Values ( 6 ) . These three steps swap the values in positions 5 and 6 of Values , and it ' s what happens in an exchange sort whenever two values are out of order . One value is put in temporary storage , the other value is made to occupy both positions in the array , and then the first value is copied from temporary storage into its proper position . Of course , code like this example is useless in practice , because the indexes of the array are frozen at 5 and 6 . To work properly , the sort needs to step through all the positions in the array , and that implies the use of a loop . Sorting the Array with Loops An exchange sort uses two loops , one nested within the other . The outer loop steps through the array once , starting with its first value and ending with its next - to - last value . The inner loop steps through the array once for each instance of the outer loop , but it starts farther into the array each time . The inner loop compares its current value with the value that ' s current in the outer loop . If the sort calls for those two values to be swapped , then the switching logic described in the prior section comes into play . At a minimum , exactly nine statements are needed , as follows : For i = 1 to UBound ( Values ) - 1 For j = i + 1 To UBound ( Values ) If Values ( i ) > Values ( j ) Then TempValue = Values ( j ) Values ( j ) = Values ( i ) Values ( i ) = TempValue End If Next j Next i Suppose the array Values contain three values : in order , they are 5 , 8 , and 1 . You want to sort them in ascending order , so that after the sort they are in the order 1 , 5 , and 8 . The code given above would take the following steps : The outer loop is governed by . There are three values in the array , so will run from 1 to 2 . The inner loop is governed by j , which always starts at + 1 . The first time the outer loop executes , will run from 2 to 3 . The second time the outer loop executes , will run from 3 to 3 — that is , the inner loop will execute once only when equals 2 . At the outset , = 1 and = 2 . The If test asks if Values ( i ) is greater than Values ( j ) : that is , given that it ' s an ascending sort , are they out of order ? They are not . Values ( i ) equals 5 , which is less than the 8 found in Values ( j ) . So the statements in the If block are skipped , and the inner loop executes again . 4 . The second time through the inner loop , = 1 and j = 3 . This time the If statement finds that the two values are not in ascending order . Values ( i ) equals 5 , which is more than the 1 found in Values ( j ) . So the If test is satisfied and the values are swapped , making use of the TempValue holding place . After the switch , Values ( 1 ) = 1 and Values ( 3 ) = 5 . Values ( 2 ) was not involved in the comparison or the swap and remains with its original value , 8 . The order in the Values array is now 1 , 8 , and 5 . 5 . The inner loop ' s counter , , equals 3 , which is the upper bound of Values . Therefore , the inner loop has executed as many times as it is supposed to . Control reverts back to the outer loop , where still equals 1 . The outer loop is not to terminate until is greater than 2 , the upper bound of Values minus 1 . So is incremented to 2 and the inner loop begins again . The inner loop ' s counter , , is set to i + 1 or 3 . Because that ' s also the inner loop ' s final value , the inner loop will execute just once more . 6 . With = 2 and = 3 , the If test checks to see if Values ( 2 ) is greater than Values ( 3 ) . That is the case : 8 is greater than 5 . So the swapping code kicks in and the 8 and the 5 switch positions . Values ( 2 ) now equals 5 , and Values ( 3 ) now equals 8 . 7 . At the end of the If block , equals 3 and the inner loop terminates . The outer loop also terminates , because equals 2 , its final value . The nested loops have completed , and the array has been sorted in ascending order : 1 , 5 , and 8 . Be careful of using a simple exchange sort on that are large . It is a grind - it - out approach that invokes no shortcuts , and therefore can take a long time to complete if there are , say , a few hundred values to sort . In these cases , it can be better to write the array to a worksheet and use code to invoke the worksheet ' s Sort command . After the worksheet has finished sorting the values , read them back into the array . As a practical matter , a sort on two or three keys is often more easily done on the worksheet than directly on a array . However , because of its simplicity , an exchange sort is often ideal when the array is smaller , or when there is only one sort key .
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[
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"Excel worksheet"
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http://listverse.com/2007/11/28/top-10-bizarre-eating-habits/
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Weird Stuff Top 10 Bizarre Eating Habits Jamie Frater November 28 , 2007 [ WARNING : This list contains text which may offend some readers ] People love to eat . Some people enjoy the occasional rare steak , others maybe prefer vegetables to all other foods , some , however , would prefer to consume things that many of us would consider disgusting and quite off - putting indeed . Just as you might waste your time gnawing and spitting sunflower seeds , another person might prefer the taste of glass . Maybe you like a nice bit of candy to calm your nerves , well , instead try a little bite of your own hair . Those options might sound revolting to you and 10 . Anorexia Anorexia is self - starvation and is often associated with other bizarre habits such as drinking orange juice laced with cotton wool in order to give a false sense of satiety . This is a serious eating disorder that causes many deaths every year around the world . 9 . Xylophagia Xylophagia is a condition involving the consumption of wood . It is one form of the eating disorder known as pica . People who suffer from this eating disorder usually consume things like paper , pencils , tree bark or other items made of wood . Young children may exhibit xylophagy , but it is not normally associated with psychological issues ; it is typical of the standard oral fixation of infants . [ Wikipedia 8 . Trichophagia Trichophagia is the compulsive eating of hair . Most often , long hair is masticated while still attached to the head and then swallowed . The hair eventually collects in the gastrointestinal tract causing symptoms such as indigestion and stomach pain . A purgative can be given to induce the trichobezoar ( hairball ) to come out . On November 24 , 2007 , it was reported that surgeons removed a 4.5kg hairball from the stomach of a 18 year - old teen in Chicago , US who was suffering from a psychological condition which caused her to ingest her Wikipedia 7 . Hyalophagia Hyalophagia is the eating of glass . Primarily noted as a pathological disorder , it is also considered a form of pica . Hyalophagia is highly dangerous to humans as the consumption of glass has the possiblity to cut open the stomach , intestines , and throat as it passes through the system . [ 6 . Urophagia Urophagia is the consumption of urine – either your own or others . Urophagia is generally considered harmless , as the urine of healthy individuals is sterile . However , a small risk exists if there is a disease present , or bacterial infection of the urethra . There may also be secondary effects , such as skin rashes in individuals sensitive to urine . 5 . Geophagy Geophagy is a practice of eating earthy substances such as clay , and chalk , often thought to augment a mineral - deficient diet . It is closely related to pica which is an abnormal craving or appetite for nonfood substances . The many possible health benefits of geophagy remain under study and are much debated . Many scientists believe that it is only harmful , while others argue that there may be adaptive benefits to the practice , since humans and animal alike have engaged in it for thousands of years . Like coprophagia , it may be dangerous 4 . Anthropophagy Not to be confused with the totally different “ anthropology ” . This is also better known as cannibalism . Among humans it has been practiced by various groups in the past in Europe , the Amazon Basin , usually in rituals connected to tribal warfare . Fiji was once known as the ‘ Cannibal Isles ’ . The Chaco Canyon ruins of the Anasazi culture have been interpreted by some archaeologists as containing evidence of ritual cannibalism . 3 . Autosarcophagy This is the disorder of self - cannibalism . It is categorized as pica ( disorders relating to consumption of things that should not be consumed ) . Some people will engage in self - cannibalism as an extreme form of body modification , for example eating their own skin . Others will drink their own blood , a practice called autovampirism . On January 13 , 2007 , Danish artist Marco Evaristti hosted a dinner party for his most intimate friends . The main meal was agnolotti pasta , on which was topped a meatball made with the artist i , m a male who really love ’ s the thought of being on the dinner table , my body is yours to cook anyway you want , i am for real my flesh is yours . fry me , broil me barbacue me i don , t care just as long as you enjoy your meal , i want to be your meal , its my calling an i ’ m ready . longpig ! — Usenet : Mar 31 2002 , 7 : 09 pm 2 . Coprophagia Coprophagia is the practice of the consumption of feces ( poo ) ; it is extremely uncommon in humans . It is generally thought to be the result of the paraphilia known as coprophilia , although it is only diagnosable in extreme cases where it disturbs one ’ s functioning . Consuming other people ’ s feces carries the risk of contracting diseases spread through fecal matter , such as hepatitis . Hepatitis A , Hepatitis E , pneumonia , and influenza . Vaccinations are generally recommended for those who engage in this practice . 1 . Necrophagia Necrophagia is the act of a human eating dead human flesh . This is not particularly common but is habitual in those who practice it . There is ( believe it or not ) a level above this , in which the habit pertains to partly decomposed human flesh . Follow us on Facebook or subscribe to our daily or weekly newsletter so you do n ' t miss out on our latest lists .
|
[
"Bizarre Eating Habits",
"Xylophagia",
"Anorexia"
] |
http://listverse.com/2008/01/22/top-15-great-alcoholic-writers/
|
Top 15 Great Alcoholic Writers Listverse Staff January 22 2008 2K Stumble 31K Tweet Pin 1K 1 21 16 35K Many great writers of the 20th century especially American writers struggled with addictions to alcohol Some believe that this may have contributed to their great artistic abilities while others believe that the alcohol served as a medication for other problems in their lives This is a list of the 15 greatest writers who were alcoholics 15 Hunter Thompson Hunter Stockton Thompson July 18 1937 February 20 2005 was an American journalist and author famous for his novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas On July 21 1981 in Aspen Colorado Thompson ran a stop sign at 2 am and began to rave at a state trooper He also refused to take alcohol tests Because of his refusal he was detained although during a trial the drunkdriving charges against the journalist were dropped because there was no basis for the charges 14 Raymond Chandler Raymond Thornton Chandler July 23 1888 March 26 1959 was an author of crime stories and novels of immense stylistic influence upon modern crime fiction especially in the style of the writing and the attitudes now characteristic of the genre His most famous character is Philip Marlowe Chandler abused alcohol for the entire duration of his writing career 13 John Cheever John Cheever May 27 1912June 18 1982 was an American novelist and short story writer sometimes called the Chekhov of the suburbs or the Ovid of Ossining A compilation of his short stories The Stories of John Cheever won the 1979 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction A combination of his extreme alcoholism and inability to cope with being bisexual Cheever sought the advice of a therapist who said Cheever is a neurotic man narcissistic egocentric friendless and so deeply involved in his own defensive illusions that he has invented a manicdepressive wife He eventually won the battle against Alcohol and began 12 O Henry O Henry is the pen name of American writer William Sydney Porter September 11 1862 June 5 1910 Porters 400 short stories are known for their wit wordplay characterization and the clever use of twist endings A prolific writer often turning out a story a week he kept his real identity a secret as his fame as O Henry grew A failure at business a spendthrift and finally an alcoholic he died in poverty on June 5 1910 11 Tennessee Williams Thomas Lanier Williams III March 26 1911 February 25 1983 better known by the nickname Tennessee Williams was a major American playwright of the twentieth century who received many of the top theatrical awards for his work One of Williams most enduring works Cat On A Hot Tin Roof included references to elements of his life such as homosexuality mental instability and alcoholism 10 Dylan Thomas Dylan Marlais Thomas 27 October 1914 9 November 1953 was a Welsh poet He is regarded by many as one of the 20th centurys most influential poets His best known works include Under Milk Wood and Do not go gentle into that good night He liked to boast about his drinking and said An alcoholic is someone you dont like who drinks as much as you do Thomas health rapidly began to deteriorate as a result of his drinking he was warned by his doctor to give up alcohol but he carried on regardless On 3 November 1953 Dylan Thomas 9 Dorothy Parker Dorothy Parker August 22 1893 June 7 1967 was an American writer and poet best known for her caustic wit wisecracks and sharp eye for 20th century urban foibles Parker survived three marriages two to the same man and several suicide attempts but grew increasingly dependent on alcohol Although she would come to dismiss her own talents and deplore her reputation as a wisecracker her literary output and her sparkling wit have endured long past her death 8 Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allan Poe January 19 1809 October 7 1849 was an American poet shortstory writer editor and literary critic and is considered part of the American Romantic Movement Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and invented the detectivefiction genre On October 7 1849 at age 40 Poe died in Baltimore the cause of his death is unknown and has been attributed to alcohol brain congestion cholera drugs heart disease rabies suicide tuberculosis and other agents 7 Truman Capote Truman Capote 30 September 1924 25 August 1984 was an American writer whose stories novels plays and nonfiction are recognized literary classics including the novella Breakfast at Tiffanys 1958 and In Cold Blood 1965 which he labeled a nonfiction novel While Capote was writing In Cold Blood he would have a double martini before lunch another with lunch and a stinger afterward After he was arrested for drunken driving on Long Island he went to Silver Hill an expensive clinic in Connecticut for alcoholics He could stay off the booze for three or four months and then he went back 6 Jack Kerouac Jack Kerouac March 12 1922 October 21 1969 was an American novelist writer poet and artist Along with William S Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg he is amongst the best known of the writers and friends known as the Beat Generation Kerouac died on October 21 1969 at St Anthonys Hospital in St Petersburg Florida one day after being rushed with severe abdominal pain from his St Petersburg home by ambulance His death at the age of 47 resulted from an internal hemorrhage bleeding esophageal varices caused by cirrhosis of the liver the result of a lifetime of heavy drinking 5 William Faulkner William Cuthbert Faulkner September 25 1897 July 6 1962 was an American novelist film screenwriter and poet whose works feature his native state of Mississippi He is regarded as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century and was awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize for Literature Much has been made of the fact that Faulkner had a serious drinking problem throughout his life but as Faulkner himself stated on several occasions and as was witnessed by members of his family the press and friends at various periods over the course of his career he did not drink while 4 Charles Bukowski Henry Charles Bukowski August 16 1920 March 9 1994 was an influential Los Angeles poet and novelist Bukowskis writing was heavily influenced by the geography and atmosphere of his home city of Los Angeles His father was in and out of work during the Depression years and was a reputed tyrant verbally and physically abusing his son throughout his childhood It was perhaps to numb himself from his fathers abuse that Bukowski began drinking at the age of 13 initiating his lifelong affair with alcohol 3 F Scott Fitzgerald Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald September 24 1896 December 21 1940 was an American writer of novels and short stories whose works have been seen as evocative of the Jazz Age a term he himself allegedly coined Fitzgerald had been an alcoholic since his college days and became notorious during the 1920s for his extraordinarily heavy drinking leaving him in poor health by the late 1930s On the night of December 20 1940 he had a heart attack and the next day December 21 while awaiting a visit from his doctor Fitzgerald collapsed and died He was 44 2 James Joyce James Augustine Aloysius Joyce 2 February 1882 13 January 1941 was an Irish expatriate writer widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the 20th century He is best known for his landmark novel Ulysses 1922 and its highly controversial successor Finnegans Wake 1939 Joyce lived in Dublin for many years binge drinking the whole time His drinking episodes occasionally caused fights in the local pubs 1 Ernest Hemingway Ernest Miller Hemingway July 21 1899 July 2 1961 was an American novelist shortstory writer and journalist Nicknaming himself Papa while still in his 20s he was part of the 1920s expatriate community in Paris known as the Lost Generation as described in his memoir A Moveable Feast Throughout his life Hemingway had been a heavy drinker succumbing to alcoholism in his later years during which time he suffered from increasing physical and mental problems In July 1961 after being released from a mental hospital where hed been treated for severe depression he committed suicide at his home in Ketchum Notable Omissions Frederick Exley Harry Crews Jack London Stephen King This article is licensed under the GFDL It uses and expands on material from Wikipedia 2K Stumble 31K Tweet Pin 1K 1 21 16 35K Follow us on or subscribe to our daily or weekly newsletter so you dont miss out on our latest lists
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[
"Alcoholic Writers",
"James Joyce",
"Ernest Hemingway"
] |
http://listverse.com/2008/06/01/10-great-cheeses-you-should-try/
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Food 10 Great Cheeses You Should Try Jono June 1 , 2008 Cheese is one of the most eaten foods in the world . There are thousands and thousands of varieties , but sadly , because of economies of scale , people can go their entire life without having tried some of the rarer cheeses . This list contains cheeses that you can find without too much searching , and many are probably tucked away in a corner in your local supermarket already . This can be your stepping stone to trying all the cheese of the world , so without further ado , let ’ s start with number 10 . 10 Pecorino – Italy This cheese was first made roughly 2000 years ago in the countryside surrounding Rome . Most of it was made in the region of Latium in Italy . In 1884 , the city council began to prohibit the salting of cheese inside shops , so most of the makers moved to Sardinia . It ’ s made exclusively from Sardinian sheep . To make it , the cheese is curdled , salted and then pressed into molds , to which it sets . The pressing removes most of the moisture , making it very hard . It ’ s got 9 Camembert – France Camembert and Brie are like brothers , with Brie being the older one . Both cheeses are made from unpasteurized cow ’ s milk , which is then curdled , and placed very carefully , into molds . The cheese is then left to set , and turned over without pressing . It ’ s this unique process which gives the cheese a soft texture . The moulds Penicillum Candida and Penicillium Camamberti then ripen these soft round cheeses for a few weeks . These moulds give the cheese a characteristic hard white coating on the outside , while the Marie Harel who was a farmer from Normandy in France first made Camembert in 1791 . She heard about a cheese called Brie from a priest who came from that area , and developed her own version . Originally when Camembert was made , the outside was a blue / grey colour , but as manufacturing techniques changed to accommodate mass - production , this changed to a pure white mold . This cheese is best eaten on crackers , or my personal favourite , served sliced with spicy steaks . 8 Gruyère – Switzerland Gruyere is named after the town of Gruyere , in Switzerland . It was first made in the 12th century . It is made to a fine process , where it ’ s curdled , sliced into tiny pieces and then agitated . This is then cooked at a low temperature to release some more moisture . The cheese is placed into molds , and washed with brine , then left to ripen . The bacteria inside the cheese produce bubbles of Carbon Dioxide , which give the cheese characteristic holes . This unique process gives the cheese a lovely 7 Mascarpone – Italy Mascarpone is a cheese that was originally made around about the turn of the 16th century . It ’ s a triple - cream cheese , which means it contains at least 75 % butterfat . This is something you may not want to replace your other cheese with immediately . Mascarpone is made from heavy cream , which is heated , to 85º C and then tartaric acid is added to it . This mixture thickens , and is refrigerated for 12 hours , and then it is strained to remove further whey . Mascarpone is a spreadable , 6 Red Windsor Cheese – England It ’ s red ! I actually put this cheese on the list because it ’ s red . I saw it in a shop one day , and I was amazed that someone had decided to make cheese in other colours . Red Windsor Cheese is made very similarly to cheddar cheese . First the milk is curdled , and then the curd is allowed to set a little bit , then the curd is sliced into small cubes , this sits for a period , and then this mixture is cooked and stirred for a period of 20 5 Nettle Cheese – England Nettle cheese is one of those more obscure cheeses . There are two varieties . One is called Yarg , and is the older kind . This was originally made in Cornwall in England . The cheese was made normally , but before being left to mature , it is wrapped tightly in nettle leaves . The nettle leaves were originally used to help preserve the cheese . This is then left to mature for a few months . Sometimes it is even left to mature in caves , as caves have a constant humidity and temperature . As the The other variety is more recent , and most I ’ ve encountered comes from Holland ( also other places ) . Here nettle leaves are ground and added to the cheese curd before it is pressed . Then the cheese is left to mature . The nettles grow a bit of mold , and infuse their unique flavour into the surrounding cheese . What you get afterwards is a cheese similar to mild cheddar , with a unique flavour that you ’ ve probably never tasted that is probably most similar to cabbage . But of course , that 4 Stilton – England Stilton first appeared in Stilton , in 1730 . A man called Cooper Thornhill from his Inn sold it to travelers . He was a cheese lover , and one - day after seeing a blue cheese that he particularly loved , he acquired the rights to exclusively market it . He did a great job of marketing it , and today it ’ s now the famous cheese it is . Stilton is a protected cheese , which means it has to be made to strict guidelines , which include the location it ’ s made , it ’ 3 Danablu – Denmark This is quite possibly one of my most favourite flavours of cheese . Danablu , or Danish Blue that comes from Denmark , is one of the strongest flavoured of the blue cheeses . This cheese is full of blue veins of mold . The cheese is a soft texture ( almost spreadable ) , and also slightly crumbly . This cheese was invented in the early 20th century by Marius Boel , who was trying to copy Roquefort cheese , a very similar blue cheese which is made exclusively in France . Danablu from what I have seen has 2 Emmental – Switzerland Emmental . Has a strange name . The reason it ’ s on this list ? Because it ’ s the real Swiss cheese ( Also Gruyere ) . Often when you buy Swiss cheese , too often , you ’ re receiving inferior cheese . Emmental is the real deal , as Erin Brokovich would say . It was first made in about 1293 , in a place called Emmental near Berne . It ’ s pretty much the oldest cheese from Switzerland . Emmental is famous for it ’ s very large holes ( called eyes ) that 1 Halloumi – Cyprus Woo ! Number one ! Alright . Halloumi is quite possibly the strangest of all the cheeses on the list , and quite possibly the most amazing . The thing that makes this cheese special is that it does n ’ t melt . The reason for this is that the curd is heated before it ’ s placed into brine . The heating denatures the proteins in the cheese to make it into long fibres , which resist melting . It will actually cook instead . Halloumi originated from Middle Eastern Bedouins , or nomads . It was made Bonus Afterword from JFrater Once you have tried all of the cheeses on this list , make sure you try these three French cheese – all of which are my favorites : Roquefort – this is a strong salt blue cheese . It has a cleaner taste than Stilton and is so tasty I have to stop myself eating the whole wedge in one sitting ! Next we have Pont Leveque – this is the oldest Norman cheese still in production . It is a mild soft cheese ( and is often ranked with Camembert and Brie as the most popular cheese in France Contributor : Jono Follow us on Facebook or subscribe to our daily or weekly newsletter so you do n ' t miss out on our latest lists .
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[
"Cheeses"
] |
http://listverse.com/2008/09/21/top-10-amazing-holes-in-the-earth/
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Our World Top 10 Amazing Holes In The Earth Listverse Staff September 21 , 2008 In man ’ s search for mineral wealth , many enormous holes have been dug . In addition , nature occasionally produces some astounding holes . This list is a pick of the ten most spectacular natural or manmade holes in the face of the earth . Many thanks to rushfan for sending in the images for this list . Click the images for a larger view . 10 Chuquicamata Chile Chuquicamata is an open pit copper mine in Chile . It is the mine with the largest total production of copper in the world – though it is not the largest copper mine . The mine is over 850 meters deep . 9 Udachnaya Pipe Russia The Udachnaya Pipe is a diamond mine in Russia . The owners of the mine plan to cease its operations in 2010 – in favor of underground mining . The mine was discovered in 1955 and is over 600 meters deep . 8 Sinkhole Guatemala In 2007 , a 300 foot deep sinkhole swallowed a dozen homes in Guatemala – killing 2 and causing thousands to be evacuated . The sinkhole was caused by rains and an underground sewage flow . 7 Diavik Mine Canada The Diavik Mine is a mine in the Northwest territories of Canada . The mine ( opened in 2003 ) produces 8 million carats or about 1,600 kg ( 3,500 lb ) of diamonds every year . 6 Mirny Diamond Mine Siberia The Mirny Diamond Mine is 525m deep and has a diameter of 1200m . It was the first , and one of the largest , diamond Pipes in the USSR . It is now abandoned . While it was still operational , it would take two hours for trucks to drive from the top to the bottom of the mine . 5 Great Blue Hole Belize The Great Blue Hole is an underwater sinkhole off the coast of Belize . The hole is 1,000 feet across and 400 feet deep . It was formed as a limestone cave during the last iceage . 4 Bingham Canyon Mine Utah The Bingham Canyon Mine is a copper mine in the Oquirrh mountains , Utah . The mine is 0.75 mile ( 1.2 km ) deep , 2.5 miles ( 4 km ) wide . It is the world ’ s largest manmade excavation . 3 Monticello Dam California The Monticello Dam is a dam in Napa County , California , United States most noted for its large circular spillway with a rate of 48,400 cubic feet per second . 2 Kimberley Diamond Mine South Africa The Kimberley Diamond Mine ( also known as the Big Hole ) holds the ( disputed ) title of being the largest hand - dug hole in the world . From 1866 to 1914 50,000 miners dug the hole with picks and shovels , yielding 2,722 kg of diamonds . Attempts are being made to have it registered as a world heritage site . 1 Darvaza Gas Crater Turkmenistan In 1971 , geologists discovered a massive underground deposit of natural gas on this site . Whilst excavating the hole to tap the gas , the drilling rig collapsed leaving a massive hole . To prevent poisonous gasses from escaping , the hole was allowed to burn . It continues to burn to this day and has done so without ceasing . You can see a video clip of it burning here Follow us on Facebook or subscribe to our daily or weekly newsletter so you do n ' t miss out on our latest lists .
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[
"Amazing Holes",
"Udachnaya Pipe Russia",
"Sinkhole Guatemala"
] |
http://listverse.com/2009/09/06/top-10-greatest-chess-players-in-history/
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Gaming Top 10 Greatest Chess Players in History Listverse Staff September 6 , 2009 There is no doubt that throughout the history of chess there have been many superb players who have reshaped and redefined the way the game is played . This list is an attempt to examine and categorize the greatest of those . No doubt there are many worthy names that could be added , but here is the Top 10 who I believe have rightly earned their places as the greats . The criterion used is based upon a number of factors including dominance over contemporaries , length of career at the top , contributions to chess and individual flair 10 Deep Blue IBM ( 1989 - 1997 ) It may seem odd to have a computer among the greatest chess players , but that ’ s exactly what this machine was designed to do , play chess . The rivalry between Kasparov and IBM began in 1989 but it was n ’ t until May 11 , 1997 , that Deep Blue finally succeeded in defeating the then World Champion Garry Kasparov in a 6 game match . It won 2 , lost 1 and had 3 draws after being defeated by Kasparov the previous year , though 1996 was the first year a computer actually won a 9 Paul Morphy USA ( 1837 - 1884 ) Many have claimed that Paul Morphy was the greatest chess player in history , and those claims could have been proven true had he actually pursued a career in chess . After teaching himself the game as a child by watching family members play , he was considered one of the best players in New Orleans by age 9 . He famously played General Winfield Scott in 1846 , who thought he was being made fun of when Morphy was introduced as his opponent . Morphy went on to easily defeat him in two games , the second of which 8 Mikhail Botvinnik Russia ( 1911 - 1995 ) A lifelong Communist , Mikhail Botvinnik held the World Championship on and off for 15 years , from 1948 to 1963 when he was eventually defeated . Not only a great player , he made significant contributions to developing the World Chess Championship after WW2 . He also coached some of the greats , including Anatoly Karpov , Garry Kasparov and Vladimir Kramnik . He learned chess at the age of 12 and within a year had won his school championships . In 1925 , he defeated the great Capablanca in an exhibition game , though the Cuban was playing 7 Alexander Alekhine Russia ( 1892 - 1946 ) Alexander Alekhine won his first World Championship by defeating the legendary Jose Capablanca in 1927 . At the age of 16 , he was already one of Russia ’ s strongest players and by age 22 was considered one of the strongest players in the world , winning most tournaments he played in throughout the 1920 ’ s and was dominating tournament play by the early 1930 ’ s . In 1921 , he was granted permission to leave Russia for a visit to the West . He never returned . Alekhine ’ s biggest objective was winning the World 6 Bobby Fischer USA ( 1943 - 2008 ) Another player who has claims to the greatest of all time , Bobby Fischer ’ s worst opponent was usually himself . Beginning at age 14 , Fischer won 8 US Championships , including the 1963 - 64 Tournament 11 - 0 , the only perfect score in its history . By 15 , he was the youngest ever Grandmaster ( GM ) and the youngest ever candidate for the World Championship . By the early 1970 ’ s , he was dominating his peers on the chess board , winning 20 consecutive matches in the 1970 Interzonal . By 5 Jose Capablanca Cuba ( 1888 - 1942 ) Jose Capablanca was World Champion from 1921 - 1927 , and is often considered a candidate for the greatest player in history . He was also the undisputed master of Blitz Chess ( 5 minutes per side ) . He learned the rules by age 4 , and at age 13 he narrowly defeated the Cuban champion . In 1906 , aged 18 , he crushed US champion Frank Marshall 15 - 8 . In the San Sebastian 1911 tournament , he stunned the chess world by defeating an extremely strong field with 6 wins , 1 loss and 7 4 Wilhelm Steinitz Austria ( 1836 - 1900 ) Wilhelm Steinitz spent 8 years as the reigning World Champion ( 1886 - 1894 ) , though some chess historians describe him as Champion from 1866 onwards , when he defeated Adolf Andersson . Steinitz rightly deserves his place on this list not only for his World Championships , but the contribution he made to the development of modern chess . In 1873 he unveiled a new style of positional play that sharply differed from the traditional method of all out attack , and many branded it cowardly . However , by the early 1890 ’ s it was widely 3 Emanuel Lasker Germany ( 1868 - 1941 ) Emanuel Lasker dominated the chess world and spent an incredible 27 years as World Champion , the longest ever . He contributed greatly to chess becoming a professional career by demanding high fees for his appearances . He began to make his mark in 1889 , winning several tournaments and in 1893 won 13 / 13 in a New York tournament , one of the few perfect scores amongst a strong field in history . By 1894 , he had a chance to win the World Title from Steinitz , which he promptly proceeded to do with 10 wins , 2 Anatoly Karpov Russia ( 1951 - ) Were it not for our number one , Anatoly Karpov would certainly go down as the greatest player in history . He was World Champion from 1975 - 1985 , then from 1993 - 1999 ( disputed ) and still plays competitive chess to this day ( ranked 98 ) . He has over 160 first place tournament finishes to his name . Karpov learned the game at age 4 , and joined Botvinnik ’ s prestigious chess school aged 12 and by 15 was a Soviet National Master , the youngest ever ( tied with Spassky ) . In 1 Garry Kasparov Russia ( 1963 - ) No other player has dominated as long or as strong as Garry Kasparov . His name is synonymous with chess . He became the youngest ever undisputed World Champion in 1985 at only 22 , which he held until 1993 when a dispute with FIDE led him to set up his own organisation ( PCA ) and technically lost him the World Title , though most chess enthusiasts still considered him the unofficial World Champion during this period . It lasted until his loss to Kramnik in 2000 . He was ranked number one almost continuously from 1986 until his Follow us on Facebook or subscribe to our daily or weekly newsletter so you do n ' t miss out on our latest lists .
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[
"Chess Players",
"Garry Kasparov",
"Paul Morphy"
] |
http://listverse.com/2009/09/24/top-10-strangest-jobs-in-history/
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Weird Stuff Top 10 Strangest Jobs In History Listverse Staff September 24 2009 1K Stumble 24K Tweet Pin 35 1 7 14 26K In the good old days before electricity and massive industry many jobs that now require no or little labor were undertaken by humans This list looks at ten jobs that are now mostly extinct Each job contains at least one element of the bizarre Be sure to add your own favorites to the comments 10 Jester We have all heard of the court Jester the fool who was permitted to insult the king without losing his head as long as it made the king laugh It was a job that came with accolades and with fear It is also a job unlike any existent today How many families do you know that employ a private comedian so to speak But while the job did vanish from history for hundreds of years as recently as 1999 one Kingdom Tonga has appointed an official jester In a bizarre and very amusing twist the man appointed happened to also 9 Toshers and Mudlarks A tosher was someone who scavenges in the sewers especially in London during the Victorian period The toshers decided to cut out the middle man and it was a common sight in 19th Century Wapping for whole families to whip off a manhole cover and go down into the sewers where they would find rich pickings As most toshers would reek of the sewers they were not popular with the neighbors Similarly the mudlarks were people who would dredge the banks of the Thames in the early morning when the tide was out They would have to wade through unprocessed 8 KnockerUp A Knockerup was a profession in England and Ireland that started during and lasted well into the Industrial Revolution before alarm clocks were affordable or reliable A knockerups job was to rouse sleeping people so they could get to work on time The knockerup often used a long and light stick often bamboo to reach windows on higher floors In return the knockerup would be paid a few pence a week for this job The knockerup would not leave a clients window until they were assured the client had been awoken This all leads to the obvious question who knocks 7 Toad Doctor Toad doctors were practitioners of a specific tradition of medicinal folk magic operating in western England until the end of the 19th century Their main concern was healing scrofula then called the Kings Evil a skin disease though they were also believed to cure other ailments including those resulting from witchcraft They cured the sick by placing a live toad or the leg of one in a muslin bag and hanging it around the sick persons neck Needless to say this job would also require growing or gathering up a large collection of toads and in the case of doctors 6 Dog Whipper A dog whipper was a church official charged with removing unruly dogs from a church or church grounds during services In some areas of Europe during the 16th to 19th centuries it was not uncommon for household dogs to accompany or at least follow their owners to church services If these animals became disruptive it was the job of the dog whipper to remove them from the church allowing the service to continue in peace Dog whippers were usually provided with a whip hence the title or a pair of large wooden tongs with which to remove the animals They 5 Resurrectionist In Britain the crime of snatching a body was only a misdemeanor and so was punishable by a small fine only This led to a huge industry in body snatching in order to provide corpses to the blossoming medical schools of Europe One method the bodysnatchers used was to dig at the head end of a recent burial digging with a wooden spade quieter than metal When they reached the coffin in London the graves were quite shallow they broke open the coffin put a rope around the corpse and dragged it out They were often careful not to steal 4 Fuller Fulling is a step in woollen clothmaking which involves the cleansing of cloth particularly wool to eliminate oils dirt and other impurities and making it thicker In days gone by the fullers were often slaves In Roman times fulling was conducted by slaves standing ankle deep in tubs of human urine and cloth Urine was so important to the fulling business that urine was taxed Urine known as wash was a source of ammonium salts and assisted in cleansing and whitening the cloth By the medieval period fullers earth had been introduced for use in the process which ameliorated the 3 Whipping Boy A whipping boy in the 1600s and 1700s was a young boy who was assigned to a young prince and was punished when the prince misbehaved or fell behind in his schooling Whipping boys were established in the English court during the monarchies of the 15th century and 16th century They were created because the idea of the Divine Right of Kings which stated that kings were appointed by God and implied that no one but the king was worthy of punishing the kings son Since the king was rarely around to punish his son when necessary tutors to the 2 Groom of the Stool The Groom of the Stool was a male servant in the household of an English monarch who among other duties presided over the office of royal excretion that is he had the task of cleaning the monarchs anus after defecation In the early years of Henry VIIIs reign the title was awarded to minions of the King court companions who spent time with him in the Privy chamber These were the sons of noblemen or important members of the gentry In time they came to act as virtual personal secretaries to the King carrying out a variety of administrative tasks 1 Gong Farmer A gong farmer or gongfermor was the term used in Tudor England for a person who removed human excrement from privies and cesspits gong being another word for dung Gong farmers were only allowed to work at night and the waste they collected known as night soil had to be taken outside the city or town boundaries As flushing water closets became more widely used the profession of gong farming disappeared A latrine or privy was the toilet of the Middle Ages A gong farmer dug out the cesspits and emptied the excrement Gong farmers were only allowed to work Text is available under the Creative Commons AttributionShareAlike License additional terms may apply Text is derived from Wikipedia 1K Stumble 24K Tweet Pin 35 1 7 14 26K Follow us on or subscribe to our daily or weekly newsletter so you dont miss out on our latest lists
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[
"Strangest Jobs",
"Listverse"
] |
http://listverse.com/2011/02/16/top-10-greatest-ballets/
|
The Arts Top 10 Greatest Ballets Matt Schiesl February 16 , 2011 As I was browsing through the many lists of listverse , i realized something . There has never been a list on Ballets . And I felt this was such a shame . Ballets have fallen off the cliff when it comes to popularity , especially here in America , where I live . The music in ballet is just as , if not more beautiful , than any piece of music ever written . When put together with flawless , graceful movements and wonderful spectacle , Ballets can be a sight and a sound that will move you to 10 Cinderella Choreography by Rostislav Zakharov , Music by Sergei Prokofiev http : / / www . youtube . com / watch ? v = Ww68J0Pi_ - o Many different versions of this ballet exist , but the original was performed in 1945 , in Moscow , Russia . Prokofiev is one of my favorite composers , with fantastic composing skills , and his Cinderella is no exception . Based on the fairy tale , the ballet is noted for its fantastic score and very humorous tone . The very beginning of the ballet , I think , is one of the most beautiful pieces of music and it ’ s virtually unknown . 9 Don Quixote Choreography By : Marius Petipa , Music By : Ludwig Minkus http : / / www . youtube . com / watch ? v = VMOPF4WYYLE&feature = related Originally Performed in 1869 , in Moscow , Russia , this beautiful ballet is based on the book “ Don Quixote de la Mancha ” by Miguel de Cervantes . The story follows Don Quixote on his quest of chivalry and the slaying of mythical beasts . Originally staged in 4 acts and 8 scenes , it is an immensely charming and fun ballet , with some great music . 8 The Sleeping Beauty Choreography by Marius Petipa , Music by : Pyotr Tchaikovsky Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . No , not the Disney movie , but this beautiful ballet has some of the most beautiful music of all time . Originally performed in 1890 , in St Petersburg , Russia , and based on Charles Perraults “ La Belle au bois Dormant ” , The story tells of Princess Aurora who is cursed to prick her finger on a spinning wheel and sleep for 100 years . This , indeed , comes to pass until she is awoken by a Princes ’ kiss . They are married at the end of the ballet . With soaring , beautiful 7 A Midsummer Nights Dream Choreographed by Fredrick Ashton , Music By Felix Mendelssohn http : / / www . youtube . com / watch ? v = hzyyvw3YV_I The most recent ballet on the list , originally performed in 1962 , most of the credit to this ballet actually goes to Balanchine , who put the whole thing together . Mendelssohn did n ’ t write the music to the ballet knowingly , it was mostly background music to the play version that was reworked into ballet music . The story is obviously based on the play of the same name , by the late great William Shakespeare , and has quickly become one of the most popular American Ballets of all time . 6 Le Sacre du Printemps ( The Rite of Spring ) Choreography by Vaslav Nijinski , Music By Igor Stravinsky http : / / www . youtube . com / watch ? v = bjX3oAwv_Fs I admit , it took every fiber of my being to not put this one higher ( closer to number 1 ) . It is my personal favorite ballet , but I kept it low due to the fact that it is only about 30 minutes in length , but the importance , beauty , and emotion behind this ballet is enormous . It Premiered in Paris , in 1913 , and it started a riot . When they went to see the performance , they were not prepared for the … ungrace of it ? Being used to soaring 5 La Bayader ( The Temple Dancer ) Choreography by Marius Petipa , Music by Ludwig Minkus http : / / www . youtube . com / watch ? v = g - 3uM_8Wsjg Originally performed in 1877 , in St . Petersberg , Russia , this ballet in four acts is considered to be Petipa ’ s greatest work , by some . The story tells of Nikiya and Solor , who have sworn to be faithful to each other . In his jealousy , the High Brahmin wishes to have Solor the warrior killed , but his plan does not come to pass . Instead , Nikiya is killed by a snake set forth by a man named Rajah , who believes Solor should be with his daughter rather than Nikiya . 4 The Nutcracker Choreograpy by : Petipa and Ivanov , Music by Pyotr Tchaikovski Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . This piece was almost universally panned when it premiered , in 1892 , in St . Petersberg , but has since grown to be one of the most popular ballets of today , due to its ties with Christmas . Based on E.T.A. Hoffmann ’ s “ The Nutcracker and the Mouse King ” , the story tells of a young girl , Clara , who gets shrunk to the size of a mouse , and her beloved nutcracker who goes to war , with other toys , against the evil Mouse King . He is later transformed into a 3 Giselle Choreography by Coralli and Perot , Music by Adolphe Adam One of the most sought after roles of all time for a ballet dancer is the title character in this classic . Based on the poem of Heinrich Heine , it is about a young peasant girl named Giselle , who meets a nobleman dressed as a commoner and falls in love with him , not knowing that he is of noble birth . When another man who loves Giselle , named Hilarion , outs the nobleman , Giselle realises that she can not be with him , upon which she goes mad and dies of a weak heart . 2 Romeo and Juliet Choreography by Leonid Lavrovsky Music by Sergei Prokofiev http : / / www . youtube . com / watch ? v = ZB3sd2BAxys Another Ballet based on the works of William Shakespeare , the story is well know . Originally performed in 1938 , in Czechoslovakia , it was significantly reworked and revised , and opened anew in 1940 , in Leningrad , Russia . This Ballet is considered to be a the epitome of music and movement , and the masterpiece ballet of Prokofiev . This is a ballet that is truly too beautiful to be talked about , but must be seen and heard to be fully understood and loved . The movement , and the music , and the colors 1 Swan Lake Choreography by Julius Reisinger , Music By Pyotr Tchaikovsky Premiering in 1877 , in Moscow , it was originally titled “ The Lake of the Swans ” but was shortened to just “ Swan Lake ” after it was drastically reworked by Marius Petipa and Riccardo Driggo in 1895 , and this is how it is known to audiences today . When it first went up it was viewed with harsh criticism , it was believed to be too difficult and unmemorable . However , it has grown to be Tchaikovsky ’ s masterpiece work , and was also his first ballet . The story is that of Odette Notables not listed : Paquita , Coppellia ( so badly wanted to put it in there ) , Spartacus , Peter Pan , Anastasia , and Firebird . Follow us on Facebook or subscribe to our daily or weekly newsletter so you do n ' t miss out on our latest lists .
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[
"Greatest Ballets",
"MATT SCHIESL"
] |
http://listverse.com/2012/03/31/top-10-celebrities-who-survived-a-coma/
|
Pop Culture Top 10 Celebrities Who Survived a Coma Bryan Johnson March 31 , 2012 A coma is a state of unconsciousness , lasting more than 6 hours in which a person can not be awakened , fails to respond to painful stimuli , light , sound , and lacks a normal sleep - wake cycle . A coma is caused by injury to either the cerebral cortex or the reticular activating system . It is a serious medical condition that creates brain irregularity and causes people to experience post - traumatic amnesia . Depending on the length of the coma , patients will suffer a different recovery time . If you have experienced a coma , it generally means that you have gone through a life changing event . Many people are intrigued by the stories of people who have been in a coma and returned to life . In some cases , bright lights and vivid dreams are reported . Almost everyone who has experienced a coma comes out of the experience with a different outlook on life , often time not fearing death and making life changes . This article will examine ten celebrities who experienced a coma and lived to tell the story . Some notable people who were considered for the list , but left out include Canadian actor Donald Sutherland , who fell into a coma after getting spinal meningitis in 1970 . American singer Jackie Wilson , who collapsed on - stage in 1975 and subsequently fell into a coma that persisted for nearly nine years , Wilson was left out because he never made a full recovery from his coma . Tupac Shakur , who fell into a coma after being shot on September 7 , 1996 , American actor Eric Roberts , who fell into a coma after a 10 Burt Reynolds Length of Coma : 8 Hours Burt Reynolds is an American stand - up comedian and actor . His film debut was in 1961 . At the urging of his friend Clint Eastwood , Reynolds used his TV fame to secure leading roles in overseas low budget films , commonly called “ Spaghetti Westerns . ” In the early 1970s , Reynolds claimed that producer Albert R . Broccoli offered him the role of James Bond , after Sean Connery left the franchise . Reynolds turned down the part , saying “ An American ca n ’ t play James Bond . It just ca n On March 15 , 1978 , Burt Reynolds earned a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . Some of his most famous roles include parts in Twilight Zone , Deliverance , The Longest Yard , Smokey and the Bandit , The Cannonball Run , and All Dogs Go to Heaven . In 1983 , while Reynolds was working on the movie City Heat with Clint Eastwood , he was hit in the head with a chair and broke his jaw . In response to the pain , Reynolds got hooked on a collection of painkillers and became addicted to the sleeping medication Halcion . In 1992 , Reynolds gave an interview and said that he nearly died from Halcion . After becoming addicted , he tried to quit the drug cold turkey . In response , his body experienced an immediate reaction and was sent into a coma for eight or Coma Experience : Burt Reynolds had an out of body experience during the coma . He said : “ I had the whole out of body experience . I heard the doctor say that they were losing me and I was going … ” 9 Jayceon Taylor ( Game ) Length of Coma : 3 Days Jayceon Taylor , better known by his stage name Game , is an American rapper and actor . In 2005 , Game entered the spotlight as a member of 50 Cent ’ s Hip hop group G - Unit . Taylor saw success with his debut album , The Documentary , which earned him two Grammy Award nominations . Game then followed the record with two more successful albums . Today , Jayceon is considered to be one of the driving forces in reviving the West Coast hip hop scene , which had been overshadowed by artists from the East Jayceon Taylor endured many hardships in his adolescence . At the age of 13 , one of Taylor ’ s older brothers , Jevon , was shot to death outside a gas station . After being kicked out of college , Game started to fully embrace life on the street . He began to sell drugs and run with gangs . On October 1 , 2001 , Taylor was attacked by two men in his apartment . Taylor thought the men were interested in buying drugs , but instead they assaulted him . Game was shot five times in an execution - style murder attempt . He was forced to lie on the ground for several minutes while the men robbed him . Taylor then used his cell phone to call an ambulance . Due to the severity of his wounds , Game lapsed into a three - day coma and later emerged with a clear motivation to stop selling drugs . Coma Experience : “ Put your lighters up if you want to . Pull your Dodger cap over your eyes , “ til you ca n ’ t see . ” I want you to go blind , so you can feel how I felt , when I was in that coma . ” L.A.X Files . 8 Stan Getz Length of Coma : 3 Days Stanley Getz was an American jazz saxophone player . He was known as “ The Sound ” because of his wispy , lyrical tone . Many critics regard Getz as one of the greatest tenor saxophonists in the history of music . He is perhaps best known for popularizing the musical style of bossa nova , which is a fusion of samba and jazz . In 1964 , Getz released his most popular single , The Girl from Ipanema , which won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year . In 1963 , Getz won the Grammy for Best Jazz Performance ( Desafinado ) , which sold over one million copies . In 1964 , Getz released the album Jazz Samba Encore , which also sold more than a million copies . In 1991 , at the age of 64 , Stan Getz won a Grammy Award for Best Jazz Solo Performance ( I Remember You ) . In 1954 , Stan Getz was in a bad place and addicted to heroin . After several skirmishes with the law , he tried to ease himself off the drug with a combination of alcohol and barbiturates . In February of 1954 Getz found himself in Seattle , Washington , and was desperate for heroin . He entered a drugstore near his hotel and made a clumsy attempt to rob it ( no weapons were involved ) . Stan pointed his finger at the clerk and demanded morphine . After the clerk asked him to see the gun , Getz After being tracked by the police , Stan Locked himself in a hotel room and tried to commit suicide by swallowing a fistful of barbiturates . The police arrested him and a photograph of Stan in the back seat of a patrol car , looking sick and scared , was flashed over the news wire . The overdose took effect minutes after he was put in jail and Stan collapsed . He was rushed to a hospital where doctors performed an emergency tracheotomy . Getz entered into a three - day coma and almost died . Coma Experience : After emerging from the coma , Getz wrote a letter of apology . “ When I came out of the coma three days later , with a breathing - tube inserted in my trachea , I realized that God did n ’ t want to kill me . This was his warning . Next time , I ’ m sure he wo n ’ t let me live . “ As I lay there alive , not wanting to live because of what I had done to my loved ones and all the people who had tried to help me , the nurse came in with a good many letters , telegrams , and phone messages all saying the same thing . They told me not to despair , that people admired my music , and that I should pray as they were praying for me . Most importantly , the letters said they forgave me . ” 7 Martin Lawrence Martin Lawrence is an American actor and stand - up comedian . He came to fame during the 1990s with his own television series , Martin , which ran from 1992 to 1997 and a series of movie roles . In the late 1990s , Lawrence established a lucrative Hollywood career as a leading actor , most notably starring in the films Bad Boys , Blue Streak , and Big Momma ’ s House . Martin has always been known for his erratic behavior and shock comedy . On February 19 , 1994 , he hosted Saturday Night Live and The monologue was completely edited out of NBC reruns and syndicated versions of the show , and Lawrence was banned from Saturday Night Live for life . In 1996 , Martin ’ s co - star , Tisha Campbell - Martin , filed a lawsuit against Lawrence and the show ’ s producers for sexual harassment and verbal and physical assaults . The lawsuit eventually ended the show . On May 8 , 1996 , Martin Lawrence was arrested after he reportedly brandished a pistol and screamed at tourists on Ventura Boulevard in Los Angeles . He was hospitalized , In August of 1999 , Martin Lawrence decided to take a jog in 100 - degree heat while wearing a number of layers of clothing . After running for a while , Martin collapsed from heat exhaustion and was rushed to the hospital . He slipped into a three - day coma and nearly lost his life . When Martin Lawrence was discovered , he had a body temperature of 107 ° F ( 41.7 ° C ) and needed a respirator to breathe . When the human body becomes overheated , muscles begin to break down into proteins . Coma Experience : In his first interview after the incident , Martin Lawrence said : “ It kind of woke me up and made me appreciate life . I am just happy to be here . Hopefully when you pass on , somebody can look back and say , wow , they made a difference in some kind of way . After the coma I had to learn to walk again and all kinds of stuff . It was a real traumatic experience . You go under and everything just shuts down . ” 6 Stevie Wonder Length of Coma : 4 Days Stevland Morris , known by his stage name Stevie Wonder , is an American singer - songwriter and activist . Wonder has been blind since shortly after birth . He signed with Motown Records at the age of eleven and continues to perform and record for Motown to this day . Wonder has recorded more than thirty U.S. top ten hits and received 22 Grammy Awards , which is the most for any male solo artist . Stevie Wonder is also noted for his work as an activist and in 2009 was named a United Nations Messenger of Peace . On August 6 , 1973 , Stevie Wonder was in a serious automobile crash while on tour in North Carolina . During the accident , a car that was being driven by his cousin John Harris slammed into a logging truck . It is unclear exactly what happened after that , but the most popular report says that Wonder was injured by a log that flew off the truck , crashed through the windshield , and hit him in the face . Another account says that the bed of the truck crashed through the windshield and hit Wonder . The impact of the crash knocked Stevie Wonder unconscious and put him in a coma for 4 days . After he awoke , Wonder suffered partial loss of his sense of smell and received a long gash over his forehead . Despite the setback , Wonder re - appeared in concert at Madison Square Garden in March 1974 with a performance that highlighted his up - tempo material . Coma Experience : On August 18 , 1973 at the hospital , Stevie Wonder gave his first interview since the accident and was dressed in a green fatigue cap . He declined to go into details about the crash , saying he really did n ’ t remember much . “ The only thing I know is that I was unconscious , and that for a few days , I was definitely in a much better spiritual place that made me aware of a lot of things that concern my life and my future . I have to reach another 5 Jerry Garcia Length of Coma : 5 Days Jerry Garcia was an American musician known for his guitar work , singing and songwriting with the Grateful Dead . Garcia performed with the Grateful Dead for their entire three - decade career . He is one of the greatest guitarists in history and was known for his “ soulful extended guitar improvisations . ” Jerry toured exclusively with the Grateful Dead from 1965 until his death in 1995 , which included 2,314 shows . He also founded and participated in a variety of side projects . Garcia contributed to a number of albums and was an influential presence in In 1986 , Jerry Garcia collapsed and entered into a diabetic coma , which resulted from an infection in an abscessed tooth . He almost died during the event and stayed in the coma for five days . The coma was precipitated by Garcia ’ s unhealthy weight , bad eating habits , and recent drug use . In the 1980s , Jerry was heavily addicted to heroin , cocaine , and a collection of other drugs . He kicked the habit after a stint in drug rehab , but his health was complicated by diabetes . Rumors persist that Jerry Garcia ’ s coma had a profound effect on his life . It forced him to have to relearn how to play the guitar , as well as other , more basic skills . Within a handful of months , Garcia quickly recovered and rejuvenated his musical career . He said that the coma inspired him to improve his health and return to the stage . For this reason , Jerry Garcia ’ s energy peaked in the late 1980s before his untimely death in 1995 at the age of 53 . Coma Experience : During his lifetime , Jerry Garcia spoke about his coma . He said it was surreal : “ Well , I had some very weird experiences . My main experience was one of furious activity and tremendous struggle in a sort of futuristic , space - ship vehicle with insectoid presences . After I came out of my coma , I had this image of myself as these little hunks of protoplasm that were stuck together kind of like stamps with perforations between them that you could snap off . ” 4 Ozzy Osbourne Length of Coma : 8 Days Ozzy Osbourne is an English heavy metal vocalist and songwriter . In the 1970s , Ozzy rose to prominence as the lead singer of the pioneering English band Black Sabbath , whose dark and hard sound helped spawn the heavy metal genre . Osbourne has achieved multi - platinum status and sold over 100 million albums in his musical career . Ozzy Osbourne has abused drugs and alcohol for most of his life , but his physical condition is not caused by drug abuse . In 2005 , Ozzy Osbourne was diagnosed with Parkin Syndrome , which is a genetic condition very similar to Parkinson ’ s disease . Ozzy has to take daily medication to combat the involuntary shudders associated with the condition . On December 8 , 2004 , Ozzy Osbourne was involved in an all - terrain - vehicle accident on his English country estate . After the crash , it was reported that Osbourne “ died twice ” and was left in a coma for eight days . The accident happened when he hit a pothole and was catapulted over the handlebars of the vehicle . Ozzy tumbled down a hill and the bike landed on top of him , crushing his chest . Osbourne ’ s bodyguard rushed to the scene and gave Ozzy mouth to mouth resuscitation when he stopped breathing . “ If it was n ’ t for Sam I probably would n ’ t be here . He had to bring me back to life twice . ” Ozzy , who was 55 - years - old at the time , fractured eight ribs and a vertebra in the accident . Osbourne felt extremely lucky to be alive after the crash . Sharon Osbourne told the newspapers that she would have taken her own life had her husband died Coma Experience : Ozzy Osbourne described the confusion he felt as he gradually recovered from a coma . “ I did n ’ t know where I was or how long I ’ d been there . I would often drift in and out of consciousness . Other times there would be a white light shining through the darkness , but no angels , no one blowing trumpets , and no man in a white beard . ” Ozzy said that the accident made him “ grow up . ” “ You are bopping along through life and have your 3 Sharon Stone Length of Coma : 9 Days Sharon Stone is an American actress and former fashion model . In 1992 , Stone achieved international recognition for her role in the erotic thriller Basic Instinct . Following Basic Instinct , Stone was listed by People magazine as one of the 50 most beautiful people in the world . In 1995 , Sharon received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress ( Casino ) . Some of her other famous roles include major parts in the films Total Recall , The Quick and the Dead , Sliver , Intersection , Sphere , and Cold Creek Manor . On September 29 , 2001 , Sharon Stone was hospitalized after experiencing a subarachnoid hemorrhage , which was diagnosed as a vertebral artery dissection rather than the more common ruptured aneurysm . She was listed in critical condition and experienced a nine - day coma as doctors tried to figure out what was wrong . After the problem was discovered , Stone underwent a seven - hour procedure and surgeons stabilized the torn artery with 22 platinum coils and stopped the bleeding . “ By the time I was admitted to the hospital , I had bled into my spinal column . My brain was pushed forward into my face and I lost 18 percent of my body mass . ” In 2012 , Stone spoke out about her life , including the brain hemorrhage , miscarriages , and adoption . Coma Experience : Sharon Stone told Katie Couric that she had a “ white light experience ” during her brain scare . “ When the event hit me I felt like I ’ d been shot in the head . That ’ s the only way I can really describe it . It hit me so hard it knocked me over on the sofa . I had a real journey that took me places both here and beyond that affected me so profoundly that my life will never be the same . I am not afraid of dying and I 2 Evel Knievel Length of Coma : 29 Days Evel Knievel was an American daredevil , entertainer , and motorcycle enthusiast . During his career , Knievel performed over 75 ramp - to - ramp motorcycle jumps between the years 1965 and 1980 . In 1974 , at the height of his career , Evel attempted to launch himself across the Snake River Canyon in a Skycycle X - 2 steam - powered rocket ( essentially an unguided missile ) . After the launch , the parachute on the rocket deployed , which slowed the vehicle . The missile reached the opposite side of the canyon , but the Evel Knievel holds the record as the person who has survived the “ most bones broken in a lifetime ” with 433 broken bones . In 1966 , Evel Knievel set up his first daredevil show . The following year he came to national attention when Evel persuaded the owners of Caesars Palace in Las Vegas to let him jump their fountain on New Year ’ s Eve . During the jump , Knievel experienced an unexpected deceleration in his motorcycle and crashed short of the safety ramp . He flew over the handlebars and skidded to rest in the Coma Experience : After Evel Knievel was asked what it was like to be in a coma . He replied : “ How the fuck do I know , I was in a coma . ” 1 Gary Busey Length of Coma : 33 Days Gary Busey is an American film and stage actor . He has appeared in a large number of films since making his debut in Angels Hard as They Come ( 1971 ) . In 1978 , Busey received an Academy Award nomination for his role as Buddy Holly in The Buddy Holly Story . In the film , all the actors did their own singing and played their own instruments . Busey lost 32 pounds in order to get the part . He has appeared in over 150 films and television shows during his career . Some of his most On December 4 , 1988 , Gary Busey was severely injured in a motorcycle accident . He was not wearing a helmet during the crash and fractured his skull . Due to intense swelling and bleeding , doctors initially feared that Gary would suffer from permanent brain damage , but he miraculously emerged from a coma after 33 days . During the crash , Busey slid on a patch of gravel at 40 mph , flipped over the handlebars of his motorcycle , and hit his head on the curb . After a period of recuperation and rehabilitation , Busey Busey is a strong supporter of helmets . “ I want people to understand that life is very important and that if you ’ re riding a motorcycle , skateboard , or bicycle without a helmet , you ’ re challenging the face of death . ” In the past ten years , Gary Busey has earned the public reputation for erratic and bizarre behavior . He has experienced a series of arrests and been featured on some of America ’ s most trashy reality TV programs . At the recommendation of Dr . Drew Pinsky , Busey was seen by psychiatrist Dr . Charles Sophy . Sophy suspected that Busey ’ s brain injury might have had a greater effect on him than initially realized . He described it as essentially weakening his mental “ filters ” and causing him to speak and act impulsively . Coma Experience : Gary Busey said that during his coma he experienced a vision of the afterlife that changed his life forever . “ I remember being aware of only two things during that ordeal . The first was that I entered and returned from a spiritual realm , and that the experience has been the foundation of my faith ever since . The second , and equally important experience , was the healing love and support of the people who surrounded me . ” During his surgery , Busey said he was surrounded by angels . “ They did + Kurt Cobain Kurt Cobain was an American singer - songwriter , best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the grunge band Nirvana . In the 1990s , Nirvana was labeled “ the flagship band ” of Generation X , and Cobain hailed as “ the spokesman of a generation . ” Cobain was uncomfortable and frustrated with his representation in the media . During the last years of his life , he struggled with heroin addiction , illness , and depression . On March 1 , 1994 , Kurt Cobain was diagnosed with bronchitis and severe laryngitis following a tour stop in Munich , Germany . He flew to Rome the next day for medical treatment , and was joined by his wife , Courtney Love . On March 3 , 1994 , Love awoke to find that Cobain had overdosed on a combination of champagne and Rohypnol . Kurt was immediately rushed to the hospital , and spent the rest of the day in a coma . After five days in the hospital , Cobain was released and returned to Seattle The strange thing about the life about Kurt Cobain is that some reports paint his personality as a suicidal rocker , while others a family man . Upon his arrival in Rome , newspapers described Kurt as being “ in great spirits . He was happy to be going to Rome . He feels comfortable there and was looking forward to having some time off from the tour with his family . ” On April 8 , 1994 , Kurt Cobain ’ s body was discovered at his Lake Washington home by an electrician who arrived to install a security Coma Experience : “ Drugs are a waste of time . They destroy your memory and your self - respect and everything that goes along with your self - esteem . They ’ re no good at all . ” Kurt Cobain . Follow us on Facebook or subscribe to our daily or weekly newsletter so you do n ' t miss out on our latest lists .
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[
"Coma",
"Burt Reynolds",
"Jayceon Taylor"
] |
http://listverse.com/2012/07/19/top-10-most-deserved-executions/
|
Crime Top 10 Most Deserved Executions Matthew McCabe July 19 , 2012 Throughout the course of human history , criminals have been made to pay for their crimes in one form or another . Countless souls have been lost at the hands of criminals , who in turn lost their lives after judgment was rendered upon them by their peers . The rallying cry behind many executions is to assuage a sense of wrongdoing and provide justice to those who were harmed . While the argument will no doubt continue for decades , if not centuries , about the moral standing of executions , there are those who the vast majority would argue deserved execution . The following individuals undoubtedly earned their execution , as well as a place on this list of Top 10 modern executions . 10 Allen Lee Davis 1999 In the minds of many there is no greater crime than one perpetrated against a child . Allen Lee Davis was sentenced to death for the murder of a pregnant woman and her two children , ages 5 and 9 . Davis was executed using an electric chair by the state of Florida . That he committed a crime against a pregnant woman is bad enough ; that he also took the life of her unborn child and then her two living children makes his execution all the more reasonable . 9 Albert Fish 1936 Like Davis , Fish committed his crimes against children . Unlike Davis , Fish ’ s crimes were greater in number and more gruesome in detail . Fish was a serial child molester and murderer who even cannibalized five of his victims . He was only proved to have cannibalized five of his child victims , but he claimed as many as 100 of his victims had met a similar fate . There was little argument at the time regarding his execution , and there would likely be little argument today . Fish was executed in the electric chair . 8 Julius and Ethel Rosenberg 1953 The end of World War II launched the beginning of the Cold War . A time period dominated by the U.S. and its Western allies facing off against the Soviet Union and its allies , the Cold War was brought home by the Red Scare . Americans feared an influx of Soviet spies in the U.S. and there was public outcry to identify and punish those responsible for espionage against the U.S. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were the highest profile individuals to have been convicted and executed for selling nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union . The couple both met 7 Carl Panzram 1930 Panzram is another example of the brutality of one human being and the scope of devastation they can cause . He admitted , in his last words in fact , to having murdered 21 human beings in addition to committing countless other crimes such as arson , burglary , and larceny . Most chilling was his claim that he sodomized some 1,000 male human beings . Panzram was not only boastful of his crimes , he also showed no remorse . He taunted his executioners as they prepared to hang him in Leavenworth , Kansas , telling his executioner to 6 John Wayne Gacy Jr . 1994 Gacy is a particularly chilling example of a sadistic individual . Gacy was convicted of the murder and rape of 33 boys and young men between 1972 and 1978 , burying 28 of his victims in his home ’ s crawl space and disposing of the rest across his property and a nearby river . Known as the “ Killer Clown , ” Gacy would perform charitable acts in his community dressed as Pogo the Clown . Gacy was executed by lethal injection in Illinois , telling his executioners in his final words to “ Kiss my ass ! ” 5 Ted Bundy 1989 Bundy is yet another example of an American serial killer who created a media firestorm with his crimes . Throughout the 1970s Bundy stalked , kidnapped , raped , and murdered countless women . He was convicted and admitted to the killings of 30 women , but that figure is widely regarded as a low estimate . Bundy ’ s crimes are brutal enough to make anyone ’ s skin crawl . Not only did he murder and rape his victims , some were beheaded while he would also return to sexually assault the undiscovered bodies of recent victims even 4 Timothy McVeigh 2001 One of the most disturbing acts of terrorism to strike the United States was conceived and carried out by McVeigh in 1995 . McVeigh detonated a truck laden with explosives in front of the Alfred P . Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City , Oklahoma . The blast blew an entire face off the building , took 168 lives , and injured as many as 800 people . Public outcry against McVeigh was cemented in the knowledge that his bomb took the lives of children in a daycare center housed within the building . McVeigh was executed by lethal injection 3 Saddam Hussein 2006 Saddam Hussein was widely known by the nickname “ The Butcher of Baghdad . ” Hussein ’ s crimes are almost too great to list . In addition to covert killings of political opponents , Hussein used his military forces and chemical weapons against his fellow Iraqis to keep them from rising up against him . Hussein was toppled from power in 2003 when the United States invaded Iraq to depose the dictator . After being captured by American forces in late 2003 , Hussein was tried by a court established by the Iraqi interim government and hanged specifically for 2 Alfred Rosenberg 1946 The Nazi Party that ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945 was responsible for spawning more heinous criminals and disturbing crimes than some civilizations produced over centuries . In addition to countless politically motivated killings , aggressive military actions that led to World War II , and experimental procedures on the unwilling , the Nazis systematically murdered six million Jewish citizens across Europe . Alfred Rosenberg is widely regarded as the architect behind many Nazi policies and ideologies , including the anti - Semitic beliefs that led to the extermination of six million Jews . Rosenberg was convicted at Nuremburg after 1 Ernst Kaltenbrunner 1946 Kaltenbrunner was the highest ranking Nazi official captured , tried , and sentenced to death following World War II . Kaltenbrunner held many positions within the Nazi Party , most famously serving as a general with the SS . Due to his position of power , Kaltenbrunner was believed to have the direct knowledge of the murder of civilians in occupied zones , assassination of captured U.S. and British airmen , and the workings of the concentration camps that exterminated Jewish captives . Few people can be linked to the death of six million people in the manner Kaltenbrunner can Crimes fall into many categories and few of them are widely considered to warrant execution for the perpetrator . While the role of capital punishment in society will continue to spark debate , these cases remain as an example of individuals who deserved the end they met through a life of heinous actions against innocent fellow human beings . Follow us on Facebook or subscribe to our daily or weekly newsletter so you do n ' t miss out on our latest lists .
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[
"Most Deserved Executions",
"Allen Lee Davis",
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http://listverse.com/2012/08/26/top-10-battles-of-world-war-ii/
|
History Top 10 Battles of World War II John Allen August 26 , 2012 World War II was the bloodiest conflict in human history . The world was in a state of “ total war . ” Motivated by the threat of global tyranny , the Allies eventually prevailed , but this victory was marked by battles won and lost . This list looks at ten battles that decisively changed the course of the war . Battles are ranked based on what was at stake , and the effect they had on the war as a whole . 10 The Battle of France After the German conquest of Poland in September 1939 , Hitler turned his attention to the west . His ultimate goal was to invade the Soviet Union , but he knew the defeat of the Western European nations was a necessity to avoid a two - front war . The first step was to invade the Low Countries ( The Netherlands , Luxembourg , and Belgium ) and France . Hypothetically , Germany could then conquer Britain , re - deploy to the East , and fight a one - front war against the Russians . The German Army was actually outnumbered by the Allies . However , the numbers game did n ’ t matter because the German plan was so effective . Once the Germans invaded the Low Countries , the French Army , and British Expeditionary Force ( BEF ) moved north to face the Germans head - on . This allowed German Army Group A to cut through the Allied defenses in the Ardennes and advance towards the English Channel , effectively trapping them with their backs against the sea . A new offensive was launched against Paris , France fell , 9 Operation Overlord By the summer of 1944 , the Red Army was at Germany ’ s doorstep . There is no doubt that the Russians could have singlehandedly defeated Nazi Germany ( hence this ranking at number 9 ) , but Stalin had been putting pressure on the West to open a second front in an attempt to divert German resources and bring a quicker end to the war . The American Air Forces and British Royal Air Force ( RAF ) had been waging a strategic bombing campaign since 1942 . The Allies controlled the Mediterranean theater , and invaded Italy Operation Overlord commenced with the Normandy landings in June of 1944 . By August , there were more than 3 million Allied troops in France . Paris was liberated on 25 August , and the German Army had been pushed back completely , and retreated across the River Seine by 30 August . Germany was forced to reinforce the Western Front with resources from the Eastern and Italian Fronts . The result was a decisive Allied strategic victory . By September , Western Allied forces were approaching the German border . Nazi Germany would surrender less than a year later 8 Battle of Guadalcanal Up until August 1942 , the Allies had been on the defensive in the Pacific Theatre . The offensive capability of the Japanese had been reduced following the naval battles of Coral Sea and Midway . However , Japan was still on the offensive and was planning invasions of Fiji , New Caledonia , and Samoa . By August 1942 , the Imperial Japanese Navy was in the process of constructing a series of bases in the Solomon Islands that would provide a staging area for these planned invasions and offer protection of their major base at Rabaul . The On 7 August , 11,000 Marines of the 1st Marine Division under the command of Major General Alexander Vandergrift landed on Guadalcanal . The only resistance the Marines faced was the jungle itself . On 8 August , they successfully secured the Japanese airfield , which the Marines named “ Henderson Field . ” The American Navy planned to withdraw from the area on 9 August after Japanese aircraft attacked the fleet during the initial landings . During the night of 8 August , the Japanese Navy surprised the Allied warships and sank one Australian and three American cruisers . 7 Battle of Leyte Gulf In June 1944 the Americans had breached Japan ’ s inner defensive ring and had bases that could be used by B - 29 Superfortresses to bomb the Japanese home islands . The next step was to cut Japanese supply lines by invading the Philippines or Formosa ( Taiwan ) . The Allies did n ’ t have the manpower to take Formosa , and General Douglas Macarthur had championed an invasion of the Philippines ever since 1942 when he famously pronounced , “ I shall return . ” The Japanese response was to attack the American landing force that The Northern Force successfully diverted the US 3rd fleet under the command of Admiral William Halsey . The Japanese Southern Force was intercepted and destroyed by the 7th Fleet Support Force ; a substantial fleet of six battleships , four heavy cruisers , and four light cruisers . Halsey ’ s decision to take all of the available strength of the 3rd Fleet northwards left the northern landing area guarded by 7th Fleet ’ s slow escort carriers and small destroyers . The Japanese Center Force of four battleships , six heavy cruisers , two light cruisers , and eleven 6 Battle of Moscow Hitler ’ s objective in invading the Soviet Union ( Operation Barbarossa ) was always Moscow . This capital city was considered to be extremely important militarily and politically . The original Axis plan was to capture Moscow within four months after the start of the invasion of the USSR . The Axis wished to take the capital before the onset of winter . Autumn rains and stiffened resistance slowed the Germans , but by December they were less than 19 miles from Moscow . The exhausted Red Army was saved by a terrible Russian winter , and fresh troops For the first time , the Germans retreated on a large scale . Operation Barbarossa had failed . Hitler now faced a war of attrition , something he was bound to lose . The Germans sustained around 400,000 casualties . More importantly , Hitler took personal charge of the military and set most experienced German officers against him . Hitler ’ s distrust of his senior officers reduced the German advantage of superior military leadership . The Soviets did launch offensive the following spring , but this did little more than set the stage for the Battle of Stalingrad , 5 Battle of Kursk The Battle of Kursk took place after the Battle of Stalingrad , and was the final offensive the Germans were able to launch in the east . The Germans envisioned breaking through the northern and southern flanks to encircle the Soviet forces . However , the Soviets knew Hitler ’ s intentions and constructed a series of defensives . The Germans delayed the attack to wait for new Tiger and Panther tanks , giving the Red Army even more time to dig in and gather forces for a counterattack . To give some perspective , the defensive networks around Kursk The war in Europe would last for two more years , but the time the Battle of Kursk was over , the Americans and British were on the verge of invading Italy , the Red Army was on the offensive , and the Allies were producing more war materials than the Germans . At Kursk alone , the Germans lost 720 tanks , 680 aircraft , and sustained 170,000 casualties . The battle was the largest tank battle in history , and the Germans paid dearly . By the end of 1943 , they were being pushed back across a 4 Battle of Midway After Pearl Harbor and the Battle of the Coral Sea , the Japanese hoped to eliminate the United States as a strategic power in the Pacific Theatre . They chose to occupy Midway Atoll to extend their defensive perimeter , and to lure the American aircraft carriers into a fight . Luckily for the Americans , they had broken the Japanese code and knew roughly where , when , and in what strength the Japanese would appear . The Japanese , on the other hand , had no real knowledge of the American ’ s strength or location . They American B - 17s from Midway found the Japanese , under the command of Admiral Nagumo , on June 3 , but failed to hit any targets . On 4 June the initial attack was launched on Midway . Most American planes operating from Midway were destroyed , but Nagumo chose to attack Midway again . They had detected a single American carrier , and decided to arm the planes with anti - ship weapons , which would take 45 minutes . This would n ’ t matter because the American aircraft that would deliver the crushing blow were already 3 Operation Barbarossa The Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union began on 22 June 1941 and ended with the Battle of Moscow ( this specific battle was listed at number five due to its importance ) . The total operation involved 8.9 million combatants , over 18,000 tanks , 45,000 aircraft , and some 50,000 artillery pieces on both sides combined . Like Operation Overlord , Operation Barbarossa actually consisted of several decisive battles , but the numbers involved , and the fact that the Soviet Union was plunged into war , places it a number three on this list . When Germany The Germans swiftly advanced across the entire front . Key battles took place at Smolensk , Uman , and Kiev . Panzer armies were able to encircle and capture three million Soviet soldiers by the time they reached Moscow . By December , they had surrounded Leningrad in the north , reached the outskirts of Moscow in the center , and occupied the entire Ukraine in the south . They held 500,000 square miles of Soviet territory with over 75 million people . The Soviets held at Moscow , but not before 800,000 troops were killed , 3,000,000 wounded , 2 Battle of Stalingrad The Battle of Stalingrad was the Midway of the Eastern Front . The battle was a disaster for Germany , and made victory in the East virtually impossible . After the Red Army had prevailed at Moscow , the Eastern Front had stabilized in line running from Leningrad to Rostov near the Black Sea . Hitler was confident he could defeat the Red Army when the weather was no longer an issue . The capture of Stalingrad was important because it was a vital transportation route between the Caspian Sea and northern Russia , and was the gateway to the The Soviets tried to keep their front lines as close to the Germans as possible . This “ hugging ” tactic in an urban environment negated the German doctrine which relied on close cooperation between infantry , tanks , engineers , artillery , and aircraft . German infantry units were forced to fight on their own , or risk taking casualties from their own supporting fire . The Soviets were able to hold onto the city until winter . At certain points in the battle , the Germans held 90 % of the city , but the Red Army counterattacked 1 Battle of Britain If the United Kingdom was knocked out in the war , Hitler could have focused all of Germany ’ s military might on the Soviet Union . The Americans and Soviets would have to fight the Axis alone , and the British Isles could not have been used as a staging point for Operation Overlord . For these reasons , The Battle of Britain is without a doubt the most important battle of the Second World War . The British Expeditionary Force was , for the most part , successfully evacuated at Dunkirk following the Battle of France . However The initial Luftwaffe strategy was to destroy Royal Air Force bases . This worked quite well until the strategy changed to bombing towns and cities . This gave the RAF a chance to replace its lost aircraft . Radar was essential . Without it , the RAF would have to keep planes in the air at all times . They lacked the resources to do this . Radar allowed fighters to wait on the ground and coordinate attacks on the German bomber formations . By October of 1940 , the Luftwaffe was running low on aircrews and aircraft . German + Battle of Khalkhin Gol The Battle of Khalkhin Gol was the decisive engagement of the Soviet - Japanese Border War . Japan occupied Manchuria in 1931 ( some consider this the start of World War II ) . Military interest was then turned to Soviet territories that bordered this area . The first clash between Japanese and Soviet forces was in 1938 . There were frequent engagements along the border of Manchuria , but the Japanese were decisively defeated at Khalkhin Gol in May of 1939 . The engagement was relatively small compared to later battles of the war . Only 95,000 troops were The Empire of Japan and the Soviet Union signed the Japanese - Soviet Nonaggression Pact in April of 1941 , and both countries remained at peace until Stalin declared war on Japan in 1945 ( after the atomic bombs were dropped ) . With Japan ’ s eyes turned eastward , Stalin was free to transfer his Siberian divisions west , where they played a crucial role in defeating the Germans at the Battle of Moscow . Follow us on Facebook or subscribe to our daily or weekly newsletter so you do n ' t miss out on our latest lists .
|
[
"Battles of World War II",
"Battle of France",
"Operation Overlord"
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http://listverse.com/2013/01/21/10-crazy-cures-for-the-black-death/
|
History 10 Crazy Cures for the Black Death Mohammed Shariff January 21 , 2013 The Black Death is thought to have wiped out about one third of Europe ’ s population between 1328 and 1351 . Victims of the plague would often die within a few days — and the horrific symptoms would make these final days absolutely terrible . High fever , severe vomiting , and bleeding from the lungs were all very common , and victims ’ bodies would usually be covered with gruesome boils . The awful nature of the disease — together with its shocking fatality rate — inspired its desperate victims to come up with a range of crazy cures . Some of them are nearly as horrendous as the disease itself . Here are some of the worst pieces of advice plague victims would have received on their sickbeds : 10 Aromatherapy One popular treatment method that has actually survived until today was aromatherapy . That is , the treatment of the body using different smells . Back during the Black Death , people were instructed to carry sweet smelling flowers with them wherever they went . If they could n ’ t get flowers , they were told to carry around packets of herbs . It was in this time that the French pomander — balls of perfume — became popular with the upper class . Others closed their windows so that the bad smell in the winds would n ’ t enter their homes . Note to aromatherapists : it did n ’ t work then ; it does n ’ t work now . 9 Religion In an even more religious world than today , it comes as no surprise that most people turned to religion . Some people believed that the dreaded disease was a punishment from God , and others thought that God was testing them . When the plague spread to the Middle East , Muslims were told to sit back and suck it up because it was God ’ s will Not that the European response was any less extreme . Devout Catholics took to the highways and whipped themselves while crying out for God ’ s mercy . Because when God is punishing you , the only obvious thing to do is punish yourself . . . a lot . 8 Rotten Treacle Treacle — a by - product of sugar production — would often be given to sick patients . Unfortunately , it had to be at least ten years old to be considered effective . The old , smelly , sticky substance was believed to combat not only the horrific effects of the disease , but to rid the body of it for good . This remedy actually has a touch of sense to it : potentially disease - fighting moulds , yeasts and other cultures would have thrived in the syrup and matured over time . But we can only wonder who thought of this in the first place , and how on earth the victims managed to swallow . 7 Live In a Sewer When people figured out that the Black Death was airborne , they began to visit — or even live — in foul - smelling sewers . It was thought that the sharp stench of rotting human waste would discourage the cleaner ( but disease - ridden ) air from coming near and infecting them . This did n ’ t work , of course — and as well as being susceptible to the plague , they often died of other diseases . 6 Let Leeches Suck You Dry Bloodletting was popular all over Europe during this time , and it was used to cure everything from gout to goiter . If you were lucky , you could afford to have leeches do all the hard work for you . Leeches were actually a fairly painless method of blood - letting . But most people could not afford them , and had to go with the age - old method of cutting the skin open . A blade would be pushed into a vein , and blood would be drained into a bowl . Without painkillers this procedure would have been agony — and with sanitation levels leaving much to be desired , gruesome infections were common . Just what you need when you have a life - threatening disease . 5 Eat a Spoon of Crushed Emeralds Another edible cure was the powder of crushed emeralds . The precious stones would be ground down to a fine powder in a mortal and pestle , then either mixed with a liquid and drunk like a potion , mixed with food or in bread and eaten , or swallowed on its own as a powder . This would have been terrible to eat , with a taste and texture vaguely resembling that of crushed glass . Incidentally , the desperate remedies of disease - ridden victims are n ’ t too far removed from the fashionable meals of today ’ s billionaires 4 Wash Yourself With Urine Urine enjoyed a good reputation in medieval Europe , and this was one case in which supply could happily meet demand . Victims of the Black Death would often be bathed in urine several times a day to relieve the symptoms of the plague . Even more highly recommended was a glass of the stuff . Pee would be collected by non - infected members of the public , and given or sold to the diseased as naturally as we might offer a sick person a glass of orange juice today . Speaking of which , urine is still used today as a treatment for many issues , from acne to multiple sclerosis — and some people also wash their faces with urine during a solar eclipse . 3 Smear Yourself With Human Poop Here ’ s another solution that plague victims would n ’ t have wanted to hear . The buboes ( sores ) were cut open , and a paste was applied . The paste was made from a mixture of tree resins , flower roots , and poo . Doctors loved the stuff Unfortunately for the weak - stomached , this smelly paste was pushed inside their open wounds , which would then be tightly wrapped to keep the disgusting concoction inside . I ’ m starting to wonder whether the plague itself was really responsible for the massive death - rate after all . . . . 2 Rub Your Wounds With a Live Chicken Just like Yahoo Answers , the Middle Ages had plenty of crazy people offering up insane advice . Far and away one of the most bizarre was the Vicary Method — named after Thomas Vicary , an English doctor who invented the technique . People would shave a hen ’ s butt and strap it to their swollen lymph nodes . . . while the chicken was still alive . Then , when the chicken got sick , they would wash it and repeat the process until only the chicken or victim was healthy . Vicary ’ s technique spread far and wide , with crazy people everywhere turning themselves into the hosts of plague - ridden chicken parasites . This Vicary guy was so popular that to this very day a special lecture is held annually in his honor by the Royal College of Surgeons in England . But then again , science is a religion after all . 1 Kill Jews This list would n ’ t be complete without talking about perhaps the most severe method of treating the plague . Some people took the religious thing a little far and decided that the best cure for the plague was to purge the earth of Jews . Governors of cities across Europe rounded up Jews , boarded them up in their homes , and then set them alight . Unfortunately this was because a group of Jews were captured and tortured into admitting that they were behind the disease — Abu Grhaib style . Thousands were killed when they were rounded up and summarily executed to put a stop to the disease . The severity of these attacks prompted Pope Clement VI to publish two papal letters condemning those who killed the Jews and requiring all clergy to protect them wherever possible . He also declared that all people who died of the plague were forgiven all their sins so they could enter Heaven . + Miscellaneous When things got really bad , people decided to just throw whatever they could think of at the disease . This included — but was not limited to : drinking arsenic or mercury , not having thoughts about death in general , not having thoughts about the plague , not having sad thoughts , not eating figs , not eating meat , not running or walking outside , not exercising at all , not bathing , not sleeping in the day , and finally for good measure , not having sex . Effectively the worst possible kind of celibacy — the kind that leaves you covered in dripping sores and dead . Follow us on Facebook or subscribe to our daily or weekly newsletter so you do n ' t miss out on our latest lists .
|
[
"Black Death",
"gruesome boils .",
"Aromatherapy"
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http://listverse.com/2013/04/07/10-bizarre-languages-still-spoken-around-the-world/
|
Humans 10 Bizarre Languages Still Spoken Around the World Andrew Handley April 7 , 2013 Language is a funny thing . There are about 500 million people who speak English on this planet , and it ’ s not even the most common language in the world ( Mandarin tops the charts at over a billion ) . Yet , on the other end of the scale , there are somewhere close to 2,000 languages that are spoken by less than a thousand people each . Some of them are more similar than others , but the thing about different languages is they ’ re always familiar within your realm of experience — to an At least , that ’ s what ’ s supposed to happen . These languages , on the other hand , are almost beyond comprehension . Strange yet beautiful , here are 10 of the most bizarre languages still spoken in the world . 10 Archi Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . On the edge of the Caspian Sea in southern Russia is a small village called Archib . With a population of only 1,200 ( or less , according to some experts ) , it ’ s the last remaining spot in the world where Archi is spoken . Although it ’ s similar to two other languages from the region — Avar and Lak — linguists consider Archi to be a language on its own , which is fortunate because it definitely deserves a spot on this list . One of the things that ’ s so incredible about the language is that for any given verb , there could be as many as 1,500,000 separate conjugations . For comparison , take the English word “ run . ” You could conjugate that to ran , running , will run , has run , will have been running , and so on . The same thing happens in Archi , but it goes on for a million and a half different variations , depending on the situation . Also notable is the language ’ s use of “ voiceless 9 Yupik The word Yupik is actually used to describe a family of five languages , spoken by residents of Siberia and Western Alaska . Each one of those languages is similar , but different — if two people from a different region met , one might not be able to understand the words spoken by the other , but because of the sentence structure and similar phonetic sounds they could still carry on a basic conversation . Yupik is what ’ s known as a polysynthetic language — words are sometimes created that have a very , very specific meaning , to the point of creating a sentence out of a single word . For example , take the word tuntussuqatarniksaitengqiggtuq . It literally means , “ He had not yet said again that he was going to hunt reindeer . ” It is a word that can only be used for an extremely specific situation and , even more bizarre , none of the individual word parts make any sense unless they ’ re used in that specific word . The only exception is the word for reindeer , tuntu . 8 Pawnee When it comes to polysynthetic languages though , there are few that can hold a candle to Pawnee , spoken by Native Americans indigenous to Nebraska . Their alphabet is simple — only nine consonants and eight vowels — but they have multiple words that contain more than 30 syllables . In fact , it ’ s rare for a sentence to not have at least one word with over 10 syllables . Unfortunately , the Pawnee language is fast declining . There are still a few seniors who speak Pawnee , but the younger members will usually learn English instead of Pawnee , and it ’ s expected to become extinct within the next few years . 7 Sentinelese The Sentinelese language is interesting for one very unusual reason : we do n ’ t really know anything about it . In a world where nearly every bit of land has been explored , there is still a small island in the Indian Ocean that no outsider has ever set foot on — and lived to tell the tale , that is . That ’ s because the residents of North Sentinel Island have a very strict foreign relations policy — shoot arrows at anybody who comes close It ’ s believed that Sentinelese is probably similar to the other Andamanese languages ( which is kind of crazy on its own — all of their nouns are based on body parts ) , simply because they ’ re geographically close to each other , but again , we really just have no idea . The most successful attempt at communication with them basically boils down to exchanging different colored buckets . We do n ’ t even know how large the tribe is . 6 Silbo Gomero Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . The Silbo language of La Gomera on the coast of Spain may be one of the most unique , and uniquely beautiful , languages of the modern day . While most languages incorporate complex sounds , with consonants , verbs , and all that pizazz , the Silbo language is remarkably simple — it ’ s a whistle language . The whistles themselves function similarly to the way other languages work ; rising and falling pitches can almost perfectly replace words , but they serve one important purpose — La Gomera is largely mountainous , and whistles allow the inhabitants to communicate across great distances . If you yell over a ravine , the sound might reach the other side , but the words will probably be jumbled and distorted , without meaning . If , however , you whistle , the pitch will carry almost perfectly , and the message will reach the other side completely intact . So vowels and consonants are distinguished by dips and rises in the whistled melody , and when they are strung together they create words and sentences . 5 Xhosa Compared to most of the other languages on this list , Xhosa could almost be considered mainstream with nearly 8 million speakers . It ’ s one of the common languages spoken in South Africa , but it bases most of its sentence structure on tonal variations . A single word could have many multiple meanings depending on the pitch and tone of how you say it . Xhosa also has unusual consonants — 18 of the recognized consonants are actually clicks . The word itself , “ Xhosa , ” is pronounced with a click at the beginning . By this point in history , Xhosa has been understandably mixed a bit with several other languages , including English and Afrikaans , but it originated alongside Zulu and other languages that fall under the umbrella term “ Bantu languages , ” and there are many similarities between most of these languages . 4 Pirahã The Pirahã language of Brazil is the last remaining of its kind ; as far as we know , all the similar languages in the region have gone extinct . Also as far as we know , Pirahã is probably the simplest language in existence , with somewhere between ten and twelve phonemes ( sounds ) . There are no words for colors , and some natives seem to be able to communicate with no words at all , translating the phonetic tone of the words into a series of hums and whistles . Actually , saying that there are no words for colors in Pirahã is n ’ t entirely true ; they technically have two words which mean “ light ” and “ dark . ” Similarly , it ’ s argued that they do n ’ t have any numbers , either . There are two words in Pirahã that are spelled hói and hoí ( note the different accents ) . According to Daniel Everett , who has spent some time studying the Pirahã tribe , the words mean small quantity and large quantity , respectively . So whether you had 10 sticks or 100 , you would use the same word ( large quantity ) , although 3 Rotokas If Pirahã is n ’ t the simplest language in the world , that honor definitely goes to Rotokas , a small language found in Papua New Guinea . Like Pirahã , it ’ s believed to only have about 12 phonemes , and since there are no tonal variations between them , their alphabet is considered to be only 12 letters long . As if that was n ’ t enough , Rotokas is also one of the few languages that does n ’ t have any nasal phonemes , like the sound you make when you say the letter “ n ” ( it comes through your nose , “ nnnn ” ) . Rotokas speakers CAN make nasal sounds , they just do n ’ t — the only time they ’ ll ever do it is when they make fun of foreigners who accidentally throw in a nasal sound when trying to speak Rotokas , which is sort of hilarious . 2 Khoisan When it comes to the click languages of Africa , there are two main families ; Bantu , which includes the Xhosa language , and Khoisan , which is considered to be the forerunner of Bantu , and one of the oldest languages on the continent . And unlike Bantu , Khoisan languages seem to be falling off the map completely , mostly due to the lifestyles of Khoisan speakers . Most of the people who speak the various Khoisan languages are spread out across southern / central Africa , and many of them are in incredibly remote areas , and as such are relatively under - researched . A good example of this is the San ( Bushmen ) of the Kalahari desert , and different dialects exist even between different tribes in similar regions , which makes it difficult to even get a fix on what exactly constitutes the language . The question usually comes down to this : how do you know when a dialect becomes so distinct that it can be considered a separate language entirely ? For example , the Xiri language has approximately 90 speakers . The Korana , somewhere between 6 and 10 . These are just a few of the problems linguists have run into while trying to catalog the sweeping variations in the Khoisan languages . Listen to it here 1 ! Xóõ ( Taa ) The Taa language is officially one of the Khoisan languages , but even in that diverse mesh of conflicting dialects and vast tonal ranges , Taa manages to stand out on its own , and it definitely deserves its own entry . To the best of our knowledge , Taa ( also known as ! Xóõ , but that ’ s hard to type ) has more spoken phonemes than any other language in the world . Some linguists put the number of consonants alone at 164 , and at least 111 of those are click sounds — and that only accounts for one dialect , known as West ! Xóõn . They also use four different tones — high , mid , low , and mid - falling — providing even more variation in the ways that sounds and clicks can be combined . As an interesting side note , locals refer to the language as Taa ? aan ; Taa means “ human being , ” and ? aan means language , so it literally translates to the “ language of human beings . ” Follow us on Facebook or subscribe to our daily or weekly newsletter so you do n ' t miss out on our latest lists .
|
[
"Bizarre Languages",
"World",
"Archi"
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http://listverse.com/2013/04/26/10-terrifying-prehistoric-relatives-of-normal-animals/
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Animals 10 Terrifying Prehistoric Relatives of Normal Animals Phil Moore April 26 , 2013 Today , man is the dominant predator on the planet . Yet we have occupied this position for a relatively short period of time — the earliest known man , Homo habilis , first appeared around 2.3 million years ago . Although we dominate the animals of today , many of these animals have extinct relatives that were a lot larger and more vicious than what we ’ re familiar with . These animal ancestors look like creatures straight out of our worst nightmares . The frightening aspect is that if mankind vanishes — or merely loses its dominance — these creatures , or something like them , could potentially return again to existence . 10 Megatherium Today , sloths are tree - climbing , slow , and non - threatening animals that reside in the Amazon . Their ancestors were the complete opposite . During the Pliocene era , Megatherium was a giant ground sloth found in South America ; it weighed up to four tons and was twenty feet ( 6m ) in length from head to tail . Although it primarily moved on four legs , footprints show that it was capable of being bipedal , in order to reach leaves from the tallest trees . It was the size of a modern day elephant , and still was n ’ t the largest animal in its habitat ! Archeologists theorize that Megatherium was a scavenger , and would steal dead carcasses from other carnivores . Megatherium was also one of the last giant Ice Age mammals to disappear . Their remains appear in the fossil record as recently as the Holocene , the period that saw the rise of mankind . This makes man the most likely culprit in the extinction of Megatherium . 9 Gigantopithecus When we think of a giant ape we generally think of the fictional King Kong — but colossal apes really did exist , long ago . Gigantopithecus was an ape that existed from roughly nine million to a hundred thousand years ago — placing it in the same time period as several hominid species . The fossil record suggests that individuals of the species Gigantopithecus were the largest apes to ever exist , standing at almost ten feet ( 3m ) tall , and weighing twelve hundred pounds ( 540kg ) . Scientists have not been able to determine the cause of extinction for this large ape . However , some crypto - zoologists theorize that “ sightings ” of Big Foot and Yeti may relate to a lost generation of gigantopithecus . 8 Armored Fish Dunkleosteus was the largest of the prehistoric fish Placodermi . Its head and thorax were covered by articulated armored plates . Instead of teeth , these fish possessed two pairs of sharp bony plates , which formed a beak - like structure . Dunkleosteus likely attacked other related placoderms that had the same kind of bony plates for protection ; their jaws had enough driving power to cut and break through armored prey . One of the largest known specimens found was thirty - three feet ( 10m ) long and weighed four tons — making it one fish that you would not want to catch on a reel and rod ! This fish was anything but picky with its food ; it ate fish , sharks and even its own kind . But it seems to have suffered from indigestion , as its fossils are often associated with regurgitated , semi - digested remains of fish . Scientists at the University of Chicago concluded that dunkleosteus had the second most powerful bite of any fish . These giant armored fish became extinct during the transition from Devonian to the Carboniferous periods . 7 Terror Bird Most flightless birds today — consider the ostrich or the penguin , for example — are harmless to human beings ; however , there was once a flightless bird that terrorized the earth Phorusrhacidae , also known as “ terror birds , ” were a species of carnivorous and flightless birds that were the largest species of predators in South America , between sixty - two million and two million years ago . They were roughly three to ten feet ( 1 - 3m ) tall . The terror bird ’ s prey of choice were small mammals . . . and , incidentally , horses . They used their massive beaks to kill in two ways ; by picking up small prey and slamming it to the ground , or by precision strikes Although archeologists have not yet fully determined the reason this species went extinct , the last of its fossils appear around the same time as the first humans . 6 Haast ’ s Eagle Birds of prey have always left an imprint on the human psyche ; luckily , we are far bigger than the largest eagle . That said , birds of prey that were large enough to hunt a human meal once existed . The Haast ’ s eagle once lived on the South Island of New Zealand , and was the largest eagle known to exist , weighing up to thirty - six pounds ( 16.5kg ) with a ten - foot ( 3m ) wingspan . Its prey consisted of the moa , three - hundred - pound flightless birds unable to defend themselves from the striking force and speed of these eagles , which reached speeds of up to fifty miles ( 8km ) per hour . Legends from early settlers and native Maori had it that these eagles could pick up and devour small children . But early human settlers in New Zealand preyed heavily on large flightless birds , including all moa species — eventually hunting them to extinction . The loss of its natural prey caused the Haast ’ s eagle to become extinct around fourteen hundred years ago , when its natural food source was depleted . 5 Giant Ripper Lizard Today , the Komodo dragon is a fearsome reptile and the largest lizard on the planet — but its would have been dwarfed by its ancient ancestors . The megalania , also known as the “ Giant Ripper Lizard ” , was a very large monitor lizard . The exact proportions of this creature have been debated , but the most recent research revealed that the megalania ’ s length was around twenty - three feet ( 7m ) , and that it weighed approximately thirteen to fourteen hundred pounds ( 600 - 620kg ) , making it the largest terrestrial lizard known to have existed . Its diet consisted of marsupials , such as giant kangaroos and wombats . Megalania belongs to the clade toxicofera , possessing toxin - secreting oral glands — making this lizard the largest venomous vertebrate known to have existed . Although we could n ’ t imagine a lizard of this size roaming in the Outback , the first Aboriginal settlers of Australia may have encountered living megalanias . The species most likely went extinct when early settlers hunted the megalania ’ s food sources . 4 Short - faced Bear Bears are some of the largest mammals on Earth , with the polar bear even holding the title for the largest of all carnivores on land . Arctodus — also known as the short - faced bear — lived in North America during the Pleistocene . The short - faced bear weighed about one ton ( 900kg ) , and when standing on its hind legs it reached a height of fifteen feet ( 4.6m ) , making the short - faced bear the largest mammalian predator that ever existed . Although the short - faced bear was a very large carnivore , archeologists have discovered that it was actually a scavenger . Being a scavenger , however , was not at all a bad thing — especially when you ’ re fighting saber - tooth cats and wolves for a meal . Like many other large animals of the Pleistocene , the short - faced bear lost much of its food source with the arrival of humans . 3 Deinosuchus Modern - day crocodiles are living relics of the dinosaurs — but there was a time when crocodiles hunted and ate said dinosaurs . Deinosuchus is an extinct species related to alligators and crocodiles , which lived during the Cretaceous Period . The name deinosuchus translates to “ terrible crocodile ” in Greek . This crocodile was far larger than any modern version , measuring up to thirty - nine feet ( 12m ) and weighting almost ten tons . In its overall appearance , it was fairly similar to its smaller relatives , with large robust teeth built for crushing , and a back covered with armored bone plates . Deinosuchus ’ main prey were large dinosaurs ( how many can make that claim ? ) in addition to sea turtles , fish and other hapless victims . Potential proof of the danger of deinosuchus comes from the fossils of an albertosaurus . These specimens bore tooth marks from both deinosuchus and Tyrannosaurus Rex , which means that there is a great chance these two fierce predators once engaged in colossal battles . 2 Titanoboa No creature invokes more fear in the human psyche than snakes . Today the largest snake is the Reticulated Python , with an average growth of twenty - three feet ( 7m ) . In 2009 , archeologists made a shocking discovery in Columbia ; by comparing shapes and sizes of its fossilized vertebrae to those of modern snakes , they estimated that the ancient snakes , titanoboa , reached a maximum length of forty to fifty feet ( 12 - 15m ) and weighed up to 2,500 pounds — making it the largest snake to ever slide around the planet . Because it ’ s a recent discovery , little is known about titanoboa ; what is known is that a fifty - foot snake would scare the daylights out of anybody , phobia or not . 1 Megaladon Before 1975 , most humans ’ animal phobias came primarily from snakes and spiders . That all changed when the film Jaws was released ; the film ’ s antagonist was a ( fake ) great white shark , which ended up scaring many people away from entering the ocean . Today , the largest great white sharks are usually twenty feet ( 6m ) in length and weigh five thousand pounds ( 2,275kg ) . However , there was once a shark that was double the size of the largest modern great white sharks . Megaladon — meaning “ big tooth ” — was a shark that lived approximately twenty - eight to 1.5 million years ago . Everything about the megaladon was mega : its teeth were 7.1 inches ( 18cm ) ; and fossil remains suggest that this giant shark reached a maximum length of 52 - 67 feet ( 16 - 20m ) . While today great white sharks prey on seals , the megaladon ’ s meal of choice was whales . Scientists hypothesize that the species went extinct due to oceanic cooling , sea level drops , and a decline in food supply . If the megaladon were still alive , there is a great chance that man would have been a landlocked species . Still , in the giant oceans there may be a titanic great white shark lurking in the abyss — so there ’ s always a chance that something like the megaladon could return to the world . Follow us on Facebook or subscribe to our daily or weekly newsletter so you do n ' t miss out on our latest lists .
|
[
"Prehistoric Relatives",
"Normal Animals",
"Terrifying"
] |
http://listverse.com/2013/08/22/revised-10-self-made-kid-millionaires/
|
Pop Culture 10 Self - Made Kid Millionaires Shawn W . Larson August 22 , 2013 Say what you will about the entitled group of teen millionaires in Hollywood or music , but there are a few things you ca n ’ t help but admire about kids who achieve similar success the old - fashioned way : through hard work . Most of them are n ’ t famous , were n ’ t born into money or privilege , and did n ’ t have endorsement deals lined up around the block . What they did have , though , was an idea , and a determination to see it become a reality . 10 Fraser Doherty : Grammy ’ s Jam Fraser Doherty began at the age of 14 , using his grandmother ’ s recipes to make homemade jam , which he then sold to his neighbors in Edinburgh , Scotland . By 16 , he ’ d created a huge demand for the stuff by tweaking the recipes on his own and calling it “ SuperJam . ” Business picked up so well that he dropped out of school to work full time , and he was soon after approached by a reputable supermarket chain in the UK in 2007 , who offered to stock his product in all 184 of its stores . Taking out a loan worth around $ 9,000 from a local bank , Doherty used the money to cover available for sale through Amazon . “ I ca n ’ t be preoccupied with the money , ” he says . “ I make jam because it ’ s what I love to do . Success is pretty sweet too . ” 9 Ashley Qualls : Layout Loot In 2004 , 14 - year - old Ashley Qualls launched WhateverLife . com as a means to show off her design work after a few years of studying HTML . Her site had virtually no traffic until she began offering free custom Myspace layouts to fellow classmates . By 2005 , with only word of mouth for advertising , her site began to explode with visitors seeking cool designs to personalize their social network page . That was when she joined Google ’ s Adsense program , which supplied ads to her site and paid her a share of the click revenue With site traffic now buzzing , she began accepting offers from various companies to advertise their products or services on her site in exchange for payment . An undisclosed bidder even offered to buy out her site in 2005 , for a reported $ 1.5 million and the car of her choice ( not to exceed $ 100,000 ) . She turned it down , opting instead to continue running the site she had started on a total expenditure of $ 8 for the domain name . WhateverLife . com now plays host to an estimated seven million visitors per month and continues to earn Ashley millions in advertising loot . She bought her own $ 250,000 home in Southgate , Michigan in 2006 . 8 Cameron Johnson : Greeting Card Green When Cameron Johnson ’ s parents asked him to design invitations for an upcoming holiday party they were having , he probably had no idea just how far it would take him . Impressed with the results of his work , people around the neighborhood began offering him money for other designing jobs . By age 11 , he had banked several thousand dollars in revenue with “ Cheers And Tears , ” his own custom line of greeting cards . Determined to keep the ball rolling on a good business sense , he took the money he made from the greeting cards and formed his first online business , SurfingPrizes . com . The site , a pay - per - ad toolbar service , paid off big to the tune of $ 300,000 – 400,000 per month . Before he even graduated from high school , Cameron had amassed a net worth in combined assets estimated at $ 1 million . Cameron went on to sell the company name and software at age 19 , but held onto the customer database he ’ d built up , leaving business options open to himself for the future . 7 Julieth Brindak : ‘ Miss O ’ Dough When she was only 10 , Julieth Brindak began drawing a group of made - up characters she called “ cool girls , ” including a primary character named “ Miss O . ” At 16 , she launched a social networking site for tweens , called “ Miss O & Friends , ” inspired by her earlier drawings , and enlisted her mother and father to help put the site together with their combined graphic and business skills . It became an instant hit with fellow tweens who began visiting the website by the hundreds of thousands . “ Miss O & Friends ” earns Julieth money through advertising revenue , and was ranked the third largest girls - only website in 2011 by Inc . Magazine . The site now generates 10 million unique visitors per month , is worth an estimated $ 15 million , and continues to rely on word - of - mouth and very little advertising for success . In an effort to give back , Brindak also created a co - sponsorship with Simon & Schuster that offers teens the chance to win tickets to popular concerts , such as Justin Bieber and Taylor Swift . 6 David and Catherine Cook : Yearbook Yen Brother and sister duo David and Catherine Cook became teen millionaires by creating an online version of the traditional high school yearbook with MyYearbook . com . After moving to Skillman , New Jersey when she was 14 , Catherine says she and her brother began flipping through the local yearbook to see if they recognized any of the students at their new school . “ We were shocked at how useless the information was . That ’ s when we thought , what if we put the whole thing online ? I ’ d always looked up to my brother Geoff . He ’ s 11 years older than me and had already launched a successful start - up . I thought if he started a company , I could , too , ” she said . Impressed by the idea , their brother Geoff invested $ 250,000 in start - up money to his younger siblings , who then launched the site . Pitching it as the “ Myspace for high school , ” they succeeded in getting an estimated 950,000 members to join within the first year alone . Since then , their site has grown into a business with a net worth of somewhere around $ 100 million , with older brother Geoff working as CEO . The siblings are now looking at options for moving their brand into the global market 5 Sean Belnick : Chair Change Sean Belnick was intrigued at the idea of selling things online — so much so that , at the age of 14 , he designed his own website to serve that very purpose . Having a startup budget of only $ 500 for advertising funds and $ 100 for web hosting fees , he began selling small items like Pokemon cards to get himself familiar with the process . Before long , he ’ d switched to selling office furniture on his new site , Bizchair . com — a move that ended up earning him an estimated $ 24 million by the age Asked if he felt he had the makings of an entrepreneur by way of blood , Sean said , “ You have to have a desire to succeed and take risks to get there — it ’ s not for everyone . I love the excitement and the future growth prospects , as well as watching the company grow and prosper . You have to have ambitious goals . ” He now has over 75 employees who work for him , and is setting his sights on the $ 50 million mark 4 Nick D ’ Aloisio : Smartphone Smackaroos Seventeen - year - old Nick D ’ Aloisio set the Internet wires abuzz when it was announced that a smartphone app he created in his spare time had been bought by Yahoo at the purchase price of a whopping $ 30 million . The Wimbledon school student taught himself how to code at the age of 12 — a skill that paid off when he finally created the news app that grabbed Yahoo ’ s attention . Nicks says he has plans to invest the money he earned from the sale and offers the following advice for other aspiring developers : “ If you have a good idea , or you think there ’ s a gap in the market , just go out and launch it because there are investors across the world right now looking for companies to invest in . ” 3 Adam Horwitz : Mobile Monopolizer Having a goal to create a million - dollar company by the age of 21 , Adam Horwitz began launching various start - up websites at 15 . He created several that flopped before finally hitting on his first successful venture with Mobile Monopoly , an app that teaches users how to turn a buck with mobile market leads . Sales of the app earned him a six - figure profit , which he used to fund his next idea , YepText , a text advertising service for businesses . He offers the following advice for others looking to tap into the app - making market : “ If someone says , ‘ There ’ s no way , you ’ ll never make money online , everything ’ s a scam online , blah blah blah , ’ they ’ re lying . You do n ’ t have to listen to what other people say — trust me , I went through that day - in and day - out with my friends and stuff . They did not believe that I could make money online , and then as soon as I just go for it ! ” 2 Tyler Dikman : Technology Tycoon Tyler Dikman started out earning money like most other kids , by mowing lawns , running lemonade stands , and babysitting . He even did magic shows for birthday parties , charging around $ 25 for a 30 - minute presentation . At age 10 , he got his first computer , a Gateway , which he proceeded to take apart and study from the inside out . As he learned more about computers , he began repairing them for his teachers in the eighth grade , which led him to the revelation that he could charge others for repairs on their rigs . He ended up landing a babysitting job some time later for the Vice President of Merrill Lynch , Malcolm Taaffe . He was offered an internship by Taaffe , which led to a full - time job around two weeks later . Tyler was put in charge of computer acquisition , setup , training , and troubleshooting . At age 15 , he started Cooltronics , a business that repaired computers , as a hobby . By hiring a few friends as employees and working long hours , he nurtured it into a one - stop company that sells , sales each year 1 John Koon : Fashion Financier John Koon is the quintessential American entrepreneur . Opening the first - ever auto parts businesses in New York City , he began making millions in profit at the age of 16 with Extreme Performance Motorsports , a company that became one of the main suppliers for MTV ’ s hit reality show Pimp My Ride . Not wanting to limit himself to the auto circuit , he decided to give fashion a try and soon launched a clothing company alongside rapper Young Jeezy . Koon earned himself an astounding $ 40 million in the process and is reportedly on the fast track to becoming a billionaire His latest expansion involves the first - ever Asian streetwear couture , a company that specializes in Japanese denim , rare indigo dyes , and cutting - edge secret wash formulas for clothing Follow us on Facebook or subscribe to our daily or weekly newsletter so you do n ' t miss out on our latest lists .
|
[
"Kid Millionaires",
"Fraser Doherty : Grammy ’s Jam",
"Ashley Qualls : Layout Loot"
] |
http://listverse.com/2013/11/15/10-oldest-artifacts-of-their-type-ever-found/
|
History 10 Oldest Artifacts Of Their Type Ever Found Alan Boyle November 15 , 2013 The tools we use and the things we wear are a big part of what separates us from other animals . Some objects are archetypal of human civilization all over the world . Archaeologists have been digging up iconic artifacts for decades , pushing back the known date of when our ancestors started participating in a culture we would recognize . These are the oldest examples we have of humans creating things that typify the span of human progress . 10 Jewelry Jewelry is interesting in that it has no value that is n ’ t social — it does n ’ t keep us warm or help us find food . The earliest example of people displaying decoration for its own sake is from 100,000 years ago . Scientists uncovered a collection of shells from Skhul Cave , an archaeological site on Mount Carmel in Israel . Similar items have been found in another site in Algeria . The shells — from a genus of mollusk known as Nassarius — had a hole drilled through the middle so they could be strung on a necklace or bracelet . The fashion pieces are interesting because they are an antecedent to the diverse beads found around Europe . The previous record holder was another collection of Nassarius shells found in South Africa , though those later ones had been decorated with ocher dye . 9 Observatory Among our many intellectual endeavors , astronomy is one of the oldest . The cycle of the lights we see in the sky dictates everything from the weather to the availability of food , so it ’ s not surprising that early humans sought to learn more about what was going on . Nevertheless , researchers in Germany were surprised when they realized they had found a 7,000 - year - old observatory from a time when they had believed the land was populated by unsophisticated farmers . The Goseck Circle , as it is known , is a structure 67 meters ( 220 ft ) wide that was discovered using aerial photography . It has gates that line up exactly with the position of the winter and summer solstices , and archaeologists believe it could be proof of an early form of sun worshiping . An interesting addition to the story of the Goseck Circle is that the earliest known accurate depiction of the nighttime sky was found nearby on a bronze disk . That disk was from 1600 B.C. and contained markings with the positions of the solstices as well as mathematical descriptions of sunrise and sunset . It seems the area was home to our earliest stargazing pioneers for quite some time . 8 Wooden Wheel If you do a Google search for “ greatest invention since the wheel ” it turns up 182,000 results , and really , none of those come close to the cultural impact the wheel has had on civilization . Unfortunately , the identity of its inventor has been lost to time , but the oldest wheel we have found is 5,200 years old . It was discovered in a marsh near the Slovenian town of Ljubljana The wheels , 140 centimeters ( 55 in ) wide , was found with its axle , which was 120 centimeters ( 47 in ) long and fit into a square hole in the center of the wheel . Just over half of the wheel survives , but that ’ s enough for archaeologists to surmise that it would have been part of a two - wheeled cart . The wheel is currently on display until April 2014 in Mainz , Germany . It forms the centerpiece of a bid to make the area a UNESCO heritage site to preserve 7 Bows The bow and arrow has seen a resurgence in recent popular culture . It ’ s a staple of strong female protagonists , like those found in Pixar ’ s Brave and The Hunger Games . Bows are found around the world , and for thousands of years they represented our most efficient way of killing from a distance . The oldest intact bows ever found come from Denmark and are around 8,000 years old . They are named for the area in which they were dug up — Holmegaard — and are longbows made of elm . They measure around 170 centimeters ( 67 in ) . Since the bows were found in such good condition , it ’ s been possible to recreate them — and people have . As an interesting side note , the earliest surviving arrows are actually from around 3,000 years earlier , and were found not too far from the Holmegaard bows . Unfortunately , the bows created with these arrows were made from pine and were less suited to surviving the intervening centuries . 6 Shoes Photo credit : Anagoria The oldest full shoe in the world was found in Armenia and is around 5,500 years old . The leather shoe is around a woman ’ s size seven and made for a right foot . It is essentially a leather bag tied together with a series of leather straps at the top and is astonishingly well - preserved . Leather does n ’ t normally survive for that length of time , but this shoe had a unique preservative — it was buried under a pile of sheep dung . We do n ’ t know if that ’ s why it was abandoned in the first place , though it would seem as good a reason as any . Evidence suggests that the owner did plenty of walking , but that the footwear was far from being worn out . Sandals , on the other hand , date back much earlier — the earliest are nearly twice as old as the leather shoe from Armenia . Sandals made from twined bark were found in 1938 in Fort Rock Cave , Oregon . They were preserved below volcanic ash from an eruption of Mount Mazama 7,500 years ago , though the sandals were already pretty old by that point . They are believed to have been made more than 10,000 years ago . 5 Containers And Paint Supplies The ability to carry liquids around provides an immediately obvious advantage . Not being limited to staying near a lake or river widens the hunting , farming , and foraging grounds our ancestors were able to cover . Yet surprisingly , the oldest evidence we have of humans using containers was not for carrying water or food , but for mixing paint around 100,000 years ago Containers made from abalone shells were found with a selection of other paint - making equipment made from bone and stones . They are 40,000 years older than the next recorded use of a container and 60,000 years older than the oldest surviving cave paintings . It seems that when they ’ d finished mixing their paint , our early ancestors were making their pictures on something that could n ’ t stand the test of time . 4 Map The hunter - gatherer lifestyle does n ’ t seem to lend itself to maps . Most travel was done on foot , and you either stuck close to the same village or moved around so much that you did n ’ t have time to settle in . Scientists in Spain , however , have found a map that dates back to 14,000 years ago . The map is scratched onto a 13 centimeter by 18 centimeter ( 5 in by 7 in ) stone tablet and shows a number of nearby features . There ’ s the cave in which it was found , a mountain , a river , and drawings of various animals that would ’ ve made a nice meal . It ’ s less than an inch thick , so it would have been possible to carry it around if necessary . The map was discovered in 1993 but it took researchers 15 years to decipher it . Lead researcher Pilar Utrilla said the map “ corresponds exactly to the surrounding geography . ” She thinks it might have been used to note down areas with a large number of eggs or mushrooms , or flint for making tools — useful things to remember for a hunter - gatherer . 3 Evidence Of Alcohol Consumption A lot of people enjoy drinking alcohol . What most people do n ’ t know is that every time they crack open a beer , they ’ re continuing an ancient tradition . The oldest evidence of alcohol comes from central China and is 9,000 years old . It was here that archaeologists found several shards of pottery , which made their way into the hands of Patrick McGovern , an archaeological chemist from the University of Pennsylvania Museum . McGovern performed some laboratory magic on the pottery shards and found residues of beeswax , rice , and tartaric acid . This latter ingredient he put down to a local plant — Chinese hawthorn . While this is interesting enough in itself , McGovern did n ’ t want to stop there . He got in touch with the brewing company Dogfish Head , who have a reputation for making unusual beers . They put together as authentic a recipe as they could manage based on McGovern ’ s lab samples , and brewing began . They called the finished 2 Calendar If the Mayans have taught us anything , it ’ s that ancient calendars can cause people to go a little crazy . The Mayans were a bit late to the calendar game , however . The oldest calendar ever discovered is a field in the north of Scotland . We do n ’ t mean “ in a field ” — we literally mean the field itself . Archaeologists have discovered a row of 12 pits which appear to reflect the phases of the Moon over the course of lunar months . The calendar is 10,000 years old , twice the age of the earliest sophisticated calendars from the Near East . It is so much older than the closest contender that the aerial surveyor who found the pits described it as “ the place where time itself was invented . ” While that may be quite a dramatic claim , it certainly tells us that humans were sophisticated a lot earlier than we realized . 1 The Treasures Of Sibudu Cave Photo credit : Bullenwachter Sibudu Cave in South Africa is an archaeological treasure trove with the earliest examples of at least three different uses of technology . The remnants of civilization in the cave stretch back over 77,000 years , and include the oldest needle , the oldest bedding , and one of the earliest ever bone arrowheads . Also , remember the previous record holder for oldest jewelry that we mentioned before ? That was from here . Sibudu has also offered up evidence of cooking , glue making , and even animal traps . It ’ s regularly helped push back the known timeline of when our ancestors began performing complex tasks . It ’ s a hugely valuable record of our history as a species , and we ’ ve still only excavated 10 percent of it . Sadly , it ’ s being threatened by housing and industrial developments that have been proposed in the area . Efforts by local campaigners have been able to secure a 200 - meter ( 650 ft ) exclusion area around the cave — for now . Caves elsewhere have been excavated for 100 years and they often had less promise than Sibudu . These discoveries in the cradle of humanity can teach us about the lives of the ancestors of literally billions of people . Let us hope we get the chance to learn while the opportunity is still there . Follow us on Facebook or subscribe to our daily or weekly newsletter so you do n ' t miss out on our latest lists .
|
[
"Artifacts",
"Archaeologists",
"Mount Carmel"
] |
http://literary-devices.com/content/anastrophe
|
Anastrophe Definition : Anastrophe is a form of literary device wherein the order of the noun and the adjective in the sentence is exchanged . In standard parlance and writing the adjective comes before the noun but when one is employing an anastrophe the noun is followed by the adjective . This reversed order creates a dramatic impact and lends weight to the description offered by the adjective . Example : He spoke of times past and future , and dreamt of things to be . Anecdote Analogy 5 thoughts on “ Anastrophe ” Anonymous says : March 22 , 2019 at 8 : 58 pm Much to learn you still have Reply Anonymous says : March 31 , 2019 at 5 : 28 am good meme Reply March 7 , 2019 at 7 : 34 am No sooner had he written it than he realized it was anastrophe . emily April 13 , 2019 at 10 : 23 pm No , that ’ s just clumsy wording . An anastrophe would be “ Words he used , and thoughts , and strategy ” You see how it can give a simple everyday act a cloak of grandeur . We talked about past times , that ’ s kind of ordinary and sad We talked of times past , and you ’ ve got noble knights remembering the brotherhood of the Round Table . February 27 , 2019 at 9 : 46 am Saying “ life eternal ” instead of “ eternal life ” would be a good example of an anastrophe .
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[
"Anastrophe"
] |
http://literary-devices.com/content/hyperbole
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Hyperbole Definition : A hyperbole is a literary device wherein the author uses specific words and phrases that exaggerate and overemphasize the basic crux of the statement in order to produce a grander , more noticeable effect . The purpose of hyperbole is to create a larger - than - life effect and overly stress a specific point . Such sentences usually convey an action or sentiment that is generally not practically / realistically possible or plausible but helps emphasize an emotion . Example : “ I am so tired I can not walk another inch ” or “ I ’ m so sleepy I might fall asleep standing here ” . Imagery Hyperbaton 10 thoughts on “ Hyperbole ” aygerim says : April 16 , 2019 at 1 : 53 am She was so angry that she could burn the whole world . Reply Anonymous says : April 12 , 2019 at 2 : 42 am I feel strong I could carry a mountain . Reply Anonymous April 10 , 2019 at 11 : 54 pm Fear stood in the way . anon March 28 , 2019 at 11 : 33 am What about “ butterflies flying in my stomach ” March 31 , 2019 at 9 : 32 am Metaphor I think March 20 , 2019 at 2 : 14 am What about the glittering of the glass ? Brandon Naulty March 5 , 2019 at 2 : 34 pm I am so lazy i ca n ’ t reach the door . March 18 , 2019 at 7 : 53 pm that ’ s me Rachel March 5 , 2019 at 2 : 31 pm I ’ m so hungry I could eat a horse ! March 26 , 2019 at 11 : 33 pm Really i ’ m so hungry i could eat a car
|
[
"Hyperbole",
"literary device",
"basic crux"
] |
http://literarydevices.net/line-break/
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Line Break Definition of Line Break A line break is a poetic device that is used at the end of a line , and the beginning of the next line in a poem . It can be employed without traditional punctuation . Also , it can be described as a point wherein a line is divided into two halves . Sometimes , a line break that occurs at mid - clause creates enjambment Examples of Line Break in Literature Example # 1 : Cymbeline ( By William Shakespeare ) “ With his own sword , Which he did wave against my throat , I have ta ’ en His head from him I am absolute Twas very Cloten ” There are two line break examples in the given passage . One line break cuts the line , “ I have ta ’ en his head from him ” in the middle , placing the line break at the end of the second line . Another line break is used in the fourth line , “ I ” being a person has an absolute meaning . These line breaks are determining the visual shape of this text . Example # 2 : Ulysses ( By Alfred Lord Tennyson ) “ Match ’ d with an aged wife , I mete and dole Unequal laws unto a savage race That hoard , and sleep , and feed , and know not me . I can not rest from travel : I will drink Life to the lees : All times I have enjoy ’ d Greatly , have suffer ’ d greatly , both with those That loved me , and alone , on shore , and when Vext the dim sea : I am become a name Much have I seen and known ; cities of men And manners , climates , councils , governments … ” There are many line breaks within this excerpt . First , a line break cuts the phrase , “ I mete and dole unequal laws unto a savage race , ” into two at the end of the first line . Similarly , a break occurs in other lines like “ I will drink life to lees , ” “ All times I have enjoyed greatly , have suffer ’ d greatly , ” and “ I am become a name . ” Example # 3 : Ode to a Nightingale ( By John Keats ) “ My heart aches , and a drowsy numbness pains My sense , as though of hemlock I had drunk , Or emptied some dull opiate to the drain … That thou , light - winged Dryad of the trees In some melodious plot Of beechen green , and shadows numberless , Singest of summer in full - throated ease . ” In this excerpt , Keats has employed line breaks to create different types of artistic effect . The line also forces readers to take a slight break , which in turn reinforces the disclosure of the following lines . Example # 4 : The Second Coming ( By William Butler Yeats ) “ Turning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon can not hear the falconer ; Things fall apart ; the centre can not hold The blood - dimmed tide is loosed , and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned ; The best lack all conviction , while the worst Are full of passionate intensity The Second Coming ! Hardly are those words out And what rough beast , its hour come round at last … ” This excerpt is also filled with several line breaks . These include “ the center can not hold , ” “ and everywhere the ceremony of innocence is drowned … ” The poet takes readers into surprising and multiple ideas . Example # 5 : Ozymandias ( By Percy Bysshe Shelley ) “ Half sunk , a shattered visage lies , whose frown , And wrinkled lip , and sneer of cold command , Tell that its sculptor well those passions read Which yet survive , stamped on these lifeless things Look on my works , ye Mighty , and despair ! Nothing beside remains . Round the decay Of that colossal wreck , boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away . ” This excerpt is also a good example of line break . These line breaks give vitality to the poem , also creating breaks in the flow of reading . Function of Line Break Line breaks can be a source of dynamism in poetry , as they provide a manner whereby poetic forms inculcate contents with strength and consequential meanings – which might not be possible in other types of text in the same level . Line breaks are used as important poetic devices , because they often bring ambiguity and also affect the meaning . However , they lead readers into surprising ideas and different understandings , as well as controlling the manner wherein they come upon ideas . ← Hyperbaton Paronomasia →
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[
"Line Break",
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http://literarydevices.net/syllogism/
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Syllogism Syllogism Definition Syllogism is a rhetorical device that starts an argument with a reference to something general , and from this it draws a conclusion about something more specific . Let us try to understand the concept with the help of an example . We start with a general argument “ All men are mortal . ” We know that John is a man , so John is mortal . It is a deductive approach to reason , and is based on deducing specific conclusions from general facts . We notice in the above example that syllogism is a three - part set of statements : a major statement or premise a minor statement or premise a conclusion that is deduced Therefore , “ All men are mortal ” is a major statement or premise , which stands as a general fact . “ John is a man ” is minor statement or premise that is specific , and “ John is mortal ” is the logical conclusion deduced from the two prior statements . Syllogism and Enthymeme Syllogism takes the form of enthymeme when it is compressed . Enthymeme combines the minor premise and the conclusion , omitting the major statement . For instance , a syllogism “ All dogs are canine . Tommy is a dog . Therefore , Tommy is a canine , ” can be compressed in an enthymeme as “ Tommy is a canine because it is a dog . ” The major premise remains implied or hidden . Syllogism Fallacy Syllogism may also be used to form incorrect conclusions that are odd . For instance , “ All crows are black , and the bird in my cage is black . So , the bird in my cage is a crow . ” This is a false argument , as it implies a conclusion that “ all blackbirds are crows , ” which is incorrect . It is known as “ syllogism fallacy . ” Another example of syllogism fallacy is “ Some televisions are black and white , and all penguins are black and white . Therefore , some televisions are penguins . ” You can easily see that the conclusion is practically impossible , and in fact has a comical outcome . Examples of Syllogism in Literature There are numerous examples of syllogism or coming - of - age novels in English literature . Let us briefly analyze a few : Example # 1 : Timon of Athens ( By William Shakespeare ) William Shakespeare employs this rhetorical device in his play Timon of Athens , Act 4 , scene 3 : Flavius : “ Have you forgot me , sir ? ” Timon : “ Why dost ask that ? I have forgot all men ; Then , if thou grant ’ st thou ’ rt a man , I have forgot thee . ” Timon uses a witty syllogism to tell Flavius that he must have forgotten him like he has forgotten all other men . It can be expanded in a three - set argument as : “ I usually do forget , as I have forgotten everyone . Therefore , I have forgotten you as well . ” Example # 2 : To his Coy Mistress ( By Andrew Marvell ) Poetry is known for its passion and not reason , but we find syllogistic argument in Andrew Marvell ’ s poem To his Coy Mistress . The poet says to his bashful beloved : “ Had we but world enough , and time . This coyness , Lady , were no crime . ” It implies a general truth that life is short and man is mortal . They do not have enough time to love , and can not waste it in display of coyness . Likewise , he and his darling may separate eternally before their union in this world is established . Therefore , he says : “ But at my back I always hear Time ’ s wingèd chariot hurrying near ; ” and speaks to his beloved , with the conclusion that they should avail themselves of the time they have : “ Thy beauty shall no more be found … Now let us sport us while we may , ” Example # 3 : Elegy 2 The Anagram ( By John Donne ) Compressed syllogism is found in famous metaphysical poet John Donne ’ s Elegy 2 The Anagram “ All love is wonder ; if we justly do Account her wonderful , why not lovely too ? ” If we expand the above syllogism , it will have the following organization of statements : All that is lovable is wonderful , and the mistress is wonderful . Therefore , the mistress is lovable . Function of Syllogism In logic , syllogism aims at identifying the general truths in a particular situation . It is a tool in the hands of a speaker or a writer to persuade the audience or the readers , as their belief in a general truth may tempt them to believe in a specific conclusion drawn from those truths . In literature , syllogism can contribute to add wit to the statements . Moreover , syllogism fallacy may give us an opportunity to enjoy nonsensical conclusions . ← Stream of Consciousness Parallelism →
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[
"Syllogism",
"Definition"
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http://literarydevices.net/syntax/
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Syntax Syntax Definition Syntax is a set of rules in a language . It dictates how words from different parts of speech are put together in order to convey a complete thought . Syntax and Diction Syntax and diction are closely related . Diction refers to the choice of words in a particular situation , while syntax determines how the chosen words are used to form a sentence . More often than not , adopting a complex diction means a complex syntactic structure of sentences , and vice versa . In combination , syntax and diction help writers develop tone mood , and atmosphere in a text , along with evoking readers ’ interest . Examples of Syntax in Literature Syntax in Poetry The general word order of an English sentence is Subject + Verb + Object . In poetry , however , the word order may be shifted to achieve certain artistic effects , such as producing rhythm or melody in the lines , achieving emphasis , and heightening connection between two words . The unique syntax used in poetry makes it different from prose . Let us consider the following examples of syntax : Example # 1 : Beyond Decoration ( By P . J . Kavanagh ) In casual conversations , we can simply say , “ I can not go out ” to convey our inability to go out . P . J . Kavanagh ’ s poem Beyond Decoration does not rely on merely stating a prosaic “ I can not go out . ” Rather , he shifts the syntax and says “ Go out I can not , ” which lays a much stronger emphasis on the inability to go out conveyed by the word “ can not . ” Example # 2 : Lycidas ( By John Milton ) Similarly , John Milton shifts words in his poems frequently . Let us analyze lines from his poem Lycidas “ Thee , Shepherd , thee the woods and desert caves , With wild thyme and the gadding vine o ’ ergrown , And all their echoes mourn ” The modified word order in the above lines is Object + Subject + Subject Complement + Verb . Syntax in Prose Syntax affects the nature of a prose text as well . It enhances its meanings , and contributes toward its tone . Quickness , decisiveness , and speed are added to a text by using short phrases , clauses , and sentences . Whereas , in a text where the subject matter is serious , requiring contemplation , long , convoluted sentences are used to slow down the pace of a prose text . The two syntax examples below show a distinct use of syntax : Example # 3 : The Joy Luck Club ( By Amy Tan ) “ That night I sat on Tyan - yu ’ s bed and waited for him to touch me . But he did n ’ t . I was relieved . ” Here , Amy Tan uses short sentences to communicate in a powerful and concise manner . Example # 4 : A Farewell to Arms ( By Ernest Hemingway ) “ They left me alone and I lay in bed and read the papers awhile , the news from the front , and the list of dead officers with their decorations and then reached down and brought up the bottle of Cinzano and held it straight up on my stomach , the cool glass against my stomach , and took little drinks making rings on my stomach from holding the bottle there between drinks , and watched it get dark outside over the roofs of the town . ” Ernest Hemingway uses long and complex structures to emphasize the laziness of his character Syntax in Shakespeare Writing all of his plays and sonnets in iambic pentameter , Shakespeare habitually reversed the general order of English sentences by placing verbs at the ends of the sentences . Example # 5 : Romeo and Juliet ( By William Shakespeare ) “ What light from yonder window breaks ? ” Instead of using the common expression , “ What light breaks from yonder window , ” Shakespeare emphasized his meaning by using different syntax . Example # 6 : Richard III ( By William Shakespeare ) In Richard III , Shakespeare deliberately reverses the word order of a sentence , turning a common description : “ And all the clouds that lowered upon our house buried in the deep bosom of the ocean , ” into : “ And all the clouds that lower ’ d upon our house in the deep bosom of the ocean buried . ” Function of Syntax To convey meaning is one of the main functions of syntax . In literature , writers utilize syntax and diction to achieve certain artistic effects , like mood , and tone . Like diction , syntax aims to affect the readers as well as express the writer ’ s attitude ← Hubris Connotation →
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[
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"Syntax"
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http://literarytimeline.blogspot.com/2010/06/blog-post_8631.html
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Literary Timeline AntiTranscendentalism ROMANTICISM 18001855 Historical context Expansion of book publishing magazines newspapers Industrial Revolution Abolitionist movement Lessons 1800s 1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s 1850s GenreStyle Short stories novels poetry Imagination over reason intuition over fact The law of the universe was not static but dynamic with change growth and development Focused on the fantastic of human experience Writing that can be interpreted two ways surface and in depth Focus on inner feelings AntiTranscendentalism Transcendentalism stressed individualism intuition nature selfreliance AntiTranscendentalism was a literary movement that essentially consisted of only Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville They focused on the limitations and potential destructiveness of the human spirit rather than on the possibilities GenreStyle Short stories novels and poetry Major Writers Nathaniel Hawthorne 18041864 Wrote about sin and guilt consequences of pride selfishness The Scarlet Letter Short stories The Ministers Black Veil Antitranscendentalist Herman Melville 18191891 Ranked as one of Americas top novelists but recognized by few in his own time Antitranscendentalist Billy Budd Moby Dick did not sell only his friend Hawthorne liked it now considered Americas greatest prose epic Newer Post Older Post Beginning Term II Literary Landmark Project The American Novel The American Novel 2010 25 Great American Authors Poetry About Me Jenifer Steller View my complete profile Vocabulary Abstemious Acclaim Acclivity Adulation Alacrity Ameliorate Amorphous Antidote Arbitrate Aroma Attenuate Axiomatic Bliss Badger Baffle Banter Benign Buxom Calumnious Chagrin Chasm Cherub Complacent Consummate Contiguous Contrition Convalesce Crux Defunct Dejection Doldrums Dregs Droll Eclectic Encomium Ephemeral Expurgate Facetious Fester Filial Finicky Flippant Folly Frolicsome Fusty Gall Gentility Gull Halcyon Harlequin Heterodox Imputation Inane Indolent Lapse Libel Longevity Ludicrous Malign Malignant Malleable Maudlin Menial Nadir Nepotism Nettlesome Noisome Nostalgia Obese Obsequious Orthodox Pensive Plight Poignant Progenitor Propinquity Puerile Salubrious Sardonic Scrutinize Sebaceous Slander Stigma Sycophant Tepid Toxic Tractable Travesty Truckle Unsavory Vertex Viral Volition Zenith
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[
"Literary Timeline",
"ROMANTICISM"
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http://literature.wikia.com/wiki/The_Pardoner%27s_Tale
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in : Canterbury Tales Religion The Pardoner ' s Tale Edit Share The Young Man Meets Death , a 15th - century Dutch print . " The Pardoner ' s Tale " ( written in the original Middle English as " The Pardoners Tale " without an apostrophe ) is a short story in verse from The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer . The tale takes the form of a religious fable which warns of the dangers of sin . The plot concerns three wicked young men who want to avenge the death of their friend by killing Death himself . However , instead of finding Death in person , they discover a large quantity of gold . The sin of greed causes all three young men to die shortly after they find the treasure . The pilgrim who is supposed to be telling the tale , the Pardoner , is a kind of religious charlatan who travels around the country to preach and to display what he claims are holy relics . He claims that people who pay him to get closer to the relics will have all their sins forgiven . He always preaches that greed is the root of all evil , to encourage people to pay him for his services . The Pardoner says that his tale , which warns of the dangers of greed , is one of the stories which Contents show Plot Statue of Death in the Cathedral of Trier , Germany . The story takes place in Flanders many years ago . There are three young men who spend all of their time in brothels and bars , eat and drink too much , enjoy gambling and swear constantly . One day , while they are at an inn , they see a funeral procession . They ask a boy whose funeral they are watching . The boy tells them that the dead man was one of their friends and that his life , like the lives of so many other people in the area , was taken by Death . The innkeeper says that Death must live On their way , they come across an extremely old man and make fun of him , asking him why he is so old . The old man replies that he has no choice but to be old because he has never found any people who would exchange their youth for his old age . He adds that he has asked his mother , the Earth , to let his bones rest beneath the ground but she has not let allowed it and that Death refuses to take him . Hearing this , one of the young men assumes that One of the young men returns with poisoned wine for his companions . 1882 illustration by Mary Eliza Haweis from Chaucer for Children Arriving at the tree , the young men find several bags full of gold coins . They forget all about looking for Death and turn their attentions to what to do with the money . They decide that they can not carry it back to their homes in daylight because they will be accused of being thieves and agree to wait until it is dark . One of the young men is sent back to town to buy bread and wine while the other two watch over the treasure . While the third young man is away , the other two decide to kill him upon his return , so that they will only have to divide the treasure by two and not by three . The young man who has gone to town decides that he can keep all of the gold for himself . He buys some deadly poison and adds it to two of the three bottles of wine . When he returns , he is quickly stabbed to death . His two killers then drink the poisoned wine . Thus , as a result of their The Pardoner ends his story by reminding his listeners why he tells this tale of the dangers of the sin of greed . It is in order to cheat the gullible out of their money in exchange for the false promise of the forgiveness of their sins . However , the Pardoner then adds that he really can guarantee that all people ' s sins will be forgiven and that he would be happy to provide that service to the other pilgrims , at a price . See also The King ' s Ankus Footnotes ↑ The area historically known as Flanders makes up most of modern day Belgium and part of northern France . External links Original Middle English text of " The Pardoner ' s Tale " on Wikisource . Modern English translation on the website of Florida State University . Original Middle English text with a parallel Modern English translation on the SparkNotes website . Categories Canterbury Tales Religion
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[
"The Pardoner 's Tale",
"The Canterbury Tales",
"Geoffrey Chaucer"
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http://literatureobsessed.blogspot.com/2015/08/adrift-by-paul-griffin-review.html
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Sunday , August 9 , 2015 Adrift by Paul Griffin Review Title : Adrift Author : Paul Griffin Age Group : Teen / Young Adult Genre : Survivalist Fiction Series : N / A Star Rating : 5 Out of 5 Stars I borrowed this book from my local library and reviewed it . Did you enjoy Lord of the Flies when you had to read it in school ? How about Hatchet ? Survival stories in general ? Compelling , often frightening characters forced into often brutal situations ? If you answered yes to any and all of these questions , you need to go get Adrift immediately . Shut off your phone , your TV , lock your doors , get comfortable with a drink and a snack , and read this book . You wo n ' t regret it . I ' m sorry to tell you guys this , but I have n ' t seen the ocean in person . Outside of the internet and pictures , I ' ve never experienced it . And because of that , it kind of scares me a little . Between what could be lurking beneath the glossy cerulean waves , as well as the sheer mass of it , it ' s terrifying . But there ' s definitely a part of me that longs to see it , to smell it , to stick my toes in the sand Reading this book was like living in one of my worst nightmares . One of my librarians suggested it and ordered it for me , and now I ' ve been bitten by the bug . I need more survivalist stories , please ! I just love the creepy factor . The way the author ratchets up the fear makes me excited and paranoid all at once , and I dig it , especially if it ' s done well . ( I honestly think I ' ve found a new favorite author in Griffin , too . . ) Matt and John , best friends but more like brothers , if not by blood , then by circumstance . They meet Driana , an exotic , beautiful girl , and her cousin , Stef , caustic and wild , and then there ' s Jojo , the merry , gentle giant . At a party , they all end up on the beach together . When Stef takes a midnight ride on her windsurfer out to sea , Dri , Jojo , Matt and John all go after her in a boat - - and some end up paying This book was done so well . A momentary encounter with three rich kids , worlds away from John and Matt , ends up changing the lives of them all forever . I was seduced by this dark , creepy little read within the first few chapters , and as the night went on , I found myself feverishly turning pages , glued to the dark prose . As the group of teenagers , desperate and frightened , drift further out to sea , the tension begins to mount - - how will they survive ? Will they keep their The prose of this novel was perfect - - tense and terse , descriptive and darkly beautiful . I fell in love with this author and I will be looking for more of his work as soon as possible . But where Griffin really shines is his characters . There ' s Matt , struck by love at the worst possible time , and driven by a protective instinct he does n ' t quite understand . And then there ' s stoic , silent John , a stalwart , steadfast survivor willing to do almost anything to get out This book was a wonderful , but often dark , journey into the human survival instinct . How anyone can be who they really are , and then change the moment they feel as if they are about to die . Griffin raises an interesting question with Adrift : Is anyone really themselves , even when their own life is on the line ? The bottom line : A wonderful meditation on the human condition and the scary situations one choice can bring on , Adrift is a blockbuster hit of the summer - - a survivalist tale that recalls Posted by Sufficently Distracted at 1 : 45 PM Email This BlogThis ! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest Labels : 5 out of 5 stars adrift chris colfer library loans next on deck paul griffin survivalist fiction teen the wishing spell young adult Newer Post Older Post Home Subscribe to : Post Comments ( Atom )
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[
"Adrift",
"Paul Griffin",
"Review"
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http://literatureworms.blogspot.com/2012/07/julius-caesar-by-william-shakespeare.html
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Literature Worms Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare Table of Contents 1 . Julius Caesar : Introduction 2 . Julius Caesar : William Shakespeare Biography 3 . Julius Caesar : Summary 4 . Julius Caesar : Reading Shakespeare 5 . Julius Caesar : List of Characters 6 . Julius Caesar : Historical Background Julius Caesar : Summary and Analysis Act 1 , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis Act I , Scene 2 : Summary and Analysis Act I , Scene 3 : Summary and Analysis Act II , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis Act II , Scene 2 : Summary and Analysis Act II , Scenes 3 and 4 : Summary and Analysis Act III , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis Act III , Scenes 2 and 3 : Summary and Analysis Act IV , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis Act IV , Scenes 2 and 3 : Summary and Analysis Act V , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis Act V , Scenes 2 and 3 : Summary and Analysis Act V , Scenes 4 and 5 : Summary and Analysis 7 . Julius Caesar : Critical Commentary Act I Commentary Act II Commentary 8 . Julius Caesar 1 Act III Commentary Act IV Commentary Act V Commentary Julius Caesar : Quizzes Act I , Scene 1 : Questions and Answers Act I , Scene 2 : Questions and Answers Act I , Scene 3 : Questions and Answers Act II , Scene 1 : Questions and Answers Act II , Scene 2 : Questions and Answers Act II , Scenes 3 and 4 : Questions and Answers Act III , Scene 1 : Questions and Answers Act III , Scenes 2 and 3 : Questions and Answers Act IV , Scene 1 : Questions and Answers Act IV , Scenes 2 and 3 : Questions and Answers Act V , Scene 1 : Questions and Answers Act V , Scenes 2 and 3 : Questions and Answers Act V , Scenes 4 and 5 : Questions and Answers 9 . Julius Caesar : Essential Passages Essential Passage by Character : Brutus Essential Passage by Character : Antony vs . Brutus 10 . 11 . Julius Caesar : Themes Julius Caesar : Character Analysis Antony ( Character Analysis ) Brutus ( Character Analysis ) Julius Caesar ( Character Analysis ) Cassius ( Character Analysis ) Other Characters ( Descriptions ) 12 . 13 . Julius Caesar : Principal Topics Julius Caesar : Essays The Political Dilemma in Julius Caesar The Character of Brutus : Is He an Honorable Man ? The Character of Marc Antony Speechmaking in Act III , Scene ii The Role of Omens in Julius Caesar The Protagonists and Antagonists of Julius Caesar Women in Julius Caesar 14 . Julius Caesar : Criticism Overviews Roman Politics Public and Private Values Ritual Imagery and Language Julius Caesar Brutus Cassius Mark Antony 15 . 16 . Julius Caesar : Selected Quotes 17 . Julius Caesar : Suggested Essay Topics 18 . Julius Caesar : Sample Essay Outlines 19 . Julius Caesar : Modern Connections 20 . Julius Caesar : FAQs eNotes : Table of Contents 2 Why did Shakespeare call this play Julius Caesar ? What motivates the conspirators to assassinate Caesar ? Why does Shakespeare insert the death of the poet Cinna into Julius Caesar ? What are we to make of Antony ' s funeral oration for Brutus ? 21 . Julius Caesar : Bibliography and Further Reading 22 . Julius Caesar : Pictures 23 . Copyright Julius Caesar : Introduction Probably written in 1599 , Julius Caesar was the earliest of Shakespeare ' s three Roman history plays . Like Antony and Cleopatra and Coriolanus , Julius Caesar is a dramatization of actual events , Shakespeare drawing upon the ancient Roman historian Plutarch ' s Lives of Caesar , Brutus , and Mark Antony as the primary source of the play ' s plot and characters . The play is tightly structured . It establishes the dramatic problem of alarm at Julius Caesar ' s ambition to become " king " ( or dictator ) in the very first scene and introduces signs that Caesar must " beware the Ides of March " from the outset . Before its midpoint , Caesar is assassinated , and shortly after Mark Antony ' s famous funeral oration ( " Friends , Romans , and countrymen … " ) , the setting shifts permanently from Rome to the battlefields on which Brutus and Cassius meet their inevitable defeat . Julius Caesar is also a tragedy ; but despite its title , the tragic character of the play is Brutus , the noble Roman whose decision to take part in the conspiracy for the sake of freedom plunges him into a personal conflict and his country into civil war . Literary scholars have debated for centuries about the question of who exactly is the protagonist of this play . The seemingly simple answer to this question would be Julius Caesar himself — after all , the play is named after him , and the events of the play all relate to him . However , Caesar only appears in three scenes ( four if the ghost is included ) , thus apparently making him an unlikely choice for the protagonist who is supposed to be the main character . Meanwhile , Brutus , who is in the play much more often than Caesar ( and actually lasts until the final scene ) , is not the title character of the play and is listed in the dramatis personae not only after Caesar but after the entire triumvirate and some senators who barely appear in the play . Determining the protagonist is one of the many engaging issues presented in the play . Julius Caesar : William Shakespeare Biography The Life and Work of William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 1564 – 1616 ) is perhaps the most widely read English poet and dramatist in the world . His plays and poems have been translated into every major language , and his popularity , nearly 400 years after his death , is greater now than it was in his own lifetime . Yet very little is known about his personal and professional life . He was born in Stratford - on - Avon , a rural town in War ¬ wick ¬ shire , England . The exact date of his birth is unknown , but he was baptized in Holy Trinity Church on April 26 , 1564 , and was probably born on April 23 . His father , John Shakespeare , was a leather tanner , glover , alderman , and bailiff in the town . His mother , Mary , was the daughter of Robert Arden , a well - to - do gentleman farmer . It is assumed that young William attended the Stratford Grammar School , one of the best in rural England , where he received a sound classical training . When he was 13 , his father ’ s fortunes took a turn for the worse , and it is likely that Shakespeare was apprenticed to some local trade as a butcher , killing calves . He may even have taught school for a time before he married Anne Hathaway , a woman eight years older than he , in 1582 . Shakespeare was 18 years old at the time . Their oldest child , Susanna , was born and baptized six months later in May 1583 . One year and nine months later , twins , Hamnet and Judith , were christened in the same church . Julius Caesar : Introduction 3 They were named for Shakespeare ’ s friends , Hamnet and Judith Sadler . Little more is known about these early years , but in 1587 or 1588 , he left Stratford and arrived in London to become an actor and a writer . By 1592 , at the age of 28 , he began to emerge as a playwright . He evoked criticism in a book published by playwright Robert Greene , who referred to Shakespeare as an “ upstart crow ” who is “ in his own conceit the only Shake - scene in the country . ” Shakespeare ’ s first published work , the long poem Venus and Adonis , appeared in 1593 . Its success was followed by another poem , The Rape of Lucrece , in 1594 . These narrative poems were written in the years when the London theaters were closed because of the plague , a highly contagious disease that had devastated most of Europe . In 1594 , when the theaters reopened , records indicate that Shakespeare had become a leading member of the Lord Chamberlain ’ s Men , a company of actors for which he wrote for the rest of his 20 - year career . It was in the 1590s that Shakespeare wrote his plays on English history , several comedies , and the tragedies Titus Andronicus and Romeo and Juliet . In 1599 , the year he wrote Julius Caesar , Shakespeare ’ s company built a theater across the Thames River from London — the Globe . Between 1600 and 1606 , Shakespeare completed his major tragedies , Hamlet , Othello , King Lear , and Macbeth . His plays were performed at court for Queen Elizabeth I , and after her death in 1603 , for King James I . He wrote very little after 1612 , the year that he completed King Henry VIII . It was during a performance of this play in 1613 that the Globe caught fire and burned to the ground . Sometime between 1610 and 1613 , Shakespeare returned to Stratford , where he owned a large house and property , to spend his remaining years with his wife , two daughters and their husbands . Shakespeare ’ s son , Hamnet , had died in 1596 . In March of 1616 , Shakespeare revised his will , leaving his daughter Susanna the bulk of his estate , and his wife “ the second best bed and the furniture . ” A month after his will was signed , on April 23 , 1616 , Shakespeare died — ironically , on his birthday , like Cassius in Julius Caesar . He was buried in the floor near the altar of Holy Trinity Church on April 25 . The wry inscription on his tombstone reads : Good Friend , for Jesus ’ sake , forbear To dig the dust enclosed here ; Blest be the man that spares these stones And curst be he that moves my bones . Julius Caesar : Summary Summary of the Play The play begins in Rome in 44 B.C. on the Feast of Lupercal , in honor of the god Pan . Caesar has become the most powerful man in the Roman Republic and is eager to become king . Caesar , however , has many enemies who are planning his assassination . When Caesar and his entourage appear , a soothsayer warns him to “ Beware the ides of March , ” ( March 15 ) , but Caesar is unconcerned . Cassius tries to convince Brutus that Caesar is too ambitious and must be assassinated for the welfare of Rome . Cassius is determined to win Brutus to his cause by forging letters from citizens and leaving them where Brutus will find them . The letters attack Caesar ’ s ambition and convince Brutus that killing Caesar is for the good of Rome . Julius Caesar : William Shakespeare Biography 4 For a month , Brutus struggles with the problem ; and on the morning of the ides of March , he agrees to join the others . The conspirators escort Caesar to the Senate and stab him to death . Brutus addresses the agitated crowd and tells them why Caesar had to be killed . Then Mark Antony delivers his funeral oration and stirs the crowd to mutiny against Brutus , Cassius , and the others . The mob runs through the streets looking to avenge Caesar ’ s death . A civil war breaks out . Brutus and Cassius escape to Greece where they raise an army and prepare to fight Octavius and Antony in a decisive battle . When Cassius believes he has lost the war , he convinces his servant , Pindarus , to stab him . After Brutus is defeated in a second battle , he commits suicide by running on his own sword rather than being taken prisoner back to Rome . The play ends with the restoration of order , as Octavius and Antony become the two most powerful men in Rome . Estimated Reading Time The play should take the reader about five hours to complete . Since it is a five - act play , you should allocate about an hour for each act , although the time may vary depending on the number of scenes in each act . The final two acts of the play read more quickly and they may be covered in less than an hour . ( Note : All line number references in his book are based on the 1992 New Folger Library edition . If you are using a different edition , the line number references may differ slightly . ) Julius Caesar : Reading Shakespeare In this section : · Shakespeare ’ s Language · Shakespeare ’ s Sentences · Shakespeare ’ s Words · Shakespeare ’ s Wordplay · Shakespeare ’ s Dramatic Verse · Implied Stage Action Shakespeare ’ s Language Shakespeare ’ s language can create a strong pang of intimidation , even fear , in a large number of modern - day readers . Fortunately , however , this need not be the case . All that is needed to master the art of reading Shakespeare is to practice the techniques of unraveling uncommonly - structured sentences and to become familiar with the poetic use of uncommon words . We must realize that during the 400 - year span between Shakespeare ’ s time and our own , both the way we live and speak has changed . Although most of his vocabulary is in use today , some of it is obsolete , and what may be most confusing is that some of his words are used today , but with slightly different or totally different meanings . On the stage , actors readily dissolve these language stumbling blocks . They study Shakespeare ’ s dialogue and express it dramatically in word and in action so that its meaning is graphically enacted . If the reader studies Shakespeare ’ s lines as an actor does , looking up and reflecting upon the meaning of unfamiliar words until real voice is discovered , he or she will suddenly experience the excitement , the depth and the sheer poetry of what these characters say . Julius Caesar : Summary 5 Shakespeare ’ s Sentences In English , or any other language , the meaning of a sentence greatly depends upon where each word is placed in that sentence . “ The child hurt the mother ” and “ The mother hurt the child ” have opposite meanings , even though the words are the same , simply because the words are arranged differently . Because word position is so integral to English , the reader will find unfamiliar word arrangements confusing , even difficult to understand . Since Shakespeare ’ s plays are poetic dramas , he often shifts from average word arrangements to the strikingly unusual so that the line will conform to the desired poetic rhythm . Often , too , Shakespeare employs unusual word order to afford a character his own specific style of speaking . Today , English sentence structure follows a sequence of subject first , verb second , and an optional object third . Shakespeare , however , often places the verb before the subject , which reads , “ Speaks he ” rather than “ He speaks . ” Solanio speaks with this inverted structure in The Merchant of Venice stating , “ I should be still / Plucking the grass to know where sits the wind ” ( Bevington edition , I , i , ll . 17 - 19 ) , while today ’ s standard English word order would have the clause at the end of this line read , “ where the wind sits . ” “ Wind ” is the subject of this clause , and “ sits ” is the verb . Bassanio ’ s words in Act Two also exemplify this inversion : “ And in such eyes as ours appear not faults ” ( II , ii , l . 184 ) . In our normal word order , we would say , “ Faults do not appear in eyes such as ours , ” with “ faults ” as the subject in both Shakespeare ’ s word order and ours . Inversions like these are not troublesome , but when Shakes – peare positions the predicate adjective or the object before the subject and verb , we are sometimes surprised . For example , rather than “ I saw him , ” Shakespeare may use a structure such as “ Him I saw . ” Similarly , “ Cold the morning is ” would be used for our “ The morning is cold . ” Lady Macbeth demonstrates this inversion as she speaks of her husband : “ Glamis thou art , and Cawdor , and shalt be / What thou art promised ” ( Macbeth , I , v , ll . 14 - 15 ) . In current English word order , this quote would begin , “ Thou art Glamis , and Cawdor . ” In addition to inversions , Shakespeare purposefully keeps words apart that we generally keep together . To illustrate , consider Bassanio ’ s humble admission in The Merchant of Venice : “ I owe you much , and , like a wilful youth , / That which I owe is lost ” ( I , i , ll . 146 - 147 ) . The phrase , “ like a wilful youth , ” separates the regular sequence of “ I owe you much ” and “ That which I owe is lost . ” To understand more clearly this type of passage , the reader could rearrange these word groups into our conventional order : I owe you much and I wasted what you gave me because I was young and impulsive . While these rearranged clauses will sound like normal English , and will be simpler to understand , they will no longer have the desired poetic rhythm , and the emphasis will now be on the wrong words . As we read Shakespeare , we will find words that are separated by long , interruptive statements . Often subjects are separated from verbs , and verbs are separated from objects . These long interruptions can be used to give a character dimension or to add an element of suspense . For example , in Romeo and Juliet Benvolio describes both Romeo ’ s moodiness and his own sensitive and thoughtful nature : I , measuring his affections by my own , Which then most sought , where most might not be found , Being one too many by my weary self , Pursu ’ d my humour , not pursuing his , And gladly shunn ’ d who gladly fled from me . ( I , i , ll . 126 - 130 ) In this passage , the subject “ I ” is distanced from its verb “ Pursu ’ d . ” The long interruption serves to provide information which is integral to the plot . Another example , taken from Hamlet , is the ghost , Hamlet ’ s father , who describes Hamlet ’ s uncle , Claudius , as Julius Caesar : Reading Shakespeare 6 … that incestuous , that adulterate beast , With witchcraft of his wit , with traitorous gifts — O wicked wit and gifts , that have the power So to seduce — won to his shameful lust The will of my most seeming virtuous queen . ( I , v , ll . 43 - 47 ) From this we learn that Prince Hamlet ’ s mother is the victim of an evil seduction and deception . The delay between the subject , “ beast , ” and the verb , “ won , ” creates a moment of tension filled with the image of a cunning predator waiting for the right moment to spring into attack . This interruptive passage allows the play to unfold crucial information and thus to build the tension necessary to produce a riveting drama . While at times these long delays are merely for decorative purposes , they are often used to narrate a particular situation or to enhance character development . As Antony and Cleopatra opens , an interruptive passage occurs in the first few lines . Although the delay is not lengthy , Philo ’ s words vividly portray Antony ’ s military prowess while they also reveal the immediate concern of the drama . Antony is distracted from his career , and is now focused on Cleopatra : … those goodly eyes , That o ’ er the files and musters of the war Have glow ’ d like plated Mars , now bend , now turn The office and devotion of their view Upon a tawny front … . ( I , i , ll . 2 - 6 ) Whereas Shakespeare sometimes heaps detail upon detail , his sentences are often elliptical , that is , they omit words we expect in written English sentences . In fact , we often do this in our spoken conversations . For instance , we say , “ You see that ? ” when we really mean , “ Did you see that ? ” Reading poetry or listening to lyrics in music conditions us to supply the omitted words and it makes us more comfortable reading this type of dialogue . Consider one passage in The Merchant of Venice where Antonio ’ s friends ask him why he seems so sad and Solanio tells Antonio , “ Why , then you are in love ” ( I , i , l . 46 ) . When Antonio denies this , Solanio responds , “ Not in love neither ? ” ( I , i , l . 47 ) . The word “ you ” is omitted but understood despite the confusing double negative . In addition to leaving out words , Shakespeare often uses intentionally vague language , a strategy which taxes the reader ’ s attentiveness . In Antony and Cleopatra , Cleopatra , upset that Antony is leaving for Rome after learning that his wife died in battle , convinces him to stay in Egypt : Sir , you and I must part , but that ’ s not it : Sir you and I have lov ’ d , but there ’ s not it ; That you know well , something it is I would — O , my oblivion is a very Antony , And I am all forgotten . ( I , iii , ll . 87 - 91 ) In line 89 , “ … something it is I would ” suggests that there is something that she would want to say , do , or have done . The intentional vagueness leaves us , and certainly Antony , to wonder . Though this sort of writing may appear lackadaisical for all that it leaves out , here the vagueness functions to portray Cleopatra as rhetorically sophisticated . Similarly , when asked what thing a crocodile is ( meaning Antony himself who is being compared to a crocodile ) , Antony slyly evades the question by giving a vague reply : It is shap ’ d , sir , like itself , and it is as broad as it hath breadth . It is just so high as it is , and moves with it own organs . It lives by that which nourisheth it , and , the elements once out of it , it transmigrates . ( II , vii , Julius Caesar : Reading Shakespeare 7 ll . 43 - 46 ) This kind of evasiveness , or doubletalk , occurs often in Shakespeare ’ s writing and requires extra patience on the part of the reader . Shakespeare ’ s Words As we read Shakespeare ’ s plays , we will encounter uncommon words . Many of these words are not in use today . As Romeo and Juliet opens , we notice words like “ shrift ” ( confession ) and “ holidame ” ( a holy relic ) . Words like these should be explained in notes to the text . Shakespeare also employs words which we still use , though with different meaning . For example , in The Merchant of Venice “ caskets ” refer to small , decorative chests for holding jewels . However , modern readers may think of a large cask instead of the smaller , diminutive casket . Another trouble modern readers will have with Shakespeare ’ s English is with words that are still in use today , but which mean something different in Elizabethan use . In The Merchant of Venice , Shakespeare uses the word “ straight ” ( as in “ straight away ” ) where we would say “ immediately . ” Here , the modern reader is unlikely to carry away the wrong message , however , since the modern meaning will simply make no sense . In this case , textual notes will clarify a phrase ’ s meaning . To cite another example , in Romeo and Juliet , after Mercutio dies , Romeo states that the “ black fate on moe days doth depend ” ( emphasis added ) . In this case , “ depend ” really means “ impend . ” Shakespeare ’ s Wordplay All of Shakespeare ’ s works exhibit his mastery of playing with language and with such variety that many people have authored entire books on this subject alone . Shakespeare ’ s most frequently used types of wordplay are common : metaphors , similes , synecdoche and metonymy , personification , allusion , and puns . It is when Shakespeare violates the normal use of these devices , or rhetorical figures , that the language becomes confusing . A metaphor is a comparison in which an object or idea is replaced by another object or idea with common attributes . For example , in Macbeth a murderer tells Macbeth that Banquo has been murdered , as directed , but that his son , Fleance , escaped , having witnessed his father ’ s murder . Fleance , now a threat to Macbeth , is described as a serpent : There the grown serpent lies , the worm that ’ s fled Hath nature that in time will venom breed , No teeth for the present . ( III , iv , ll . 29 - 31 ) Similes , on the other hand , compare objects or ideas while using the words “ like ” or “ as . ” In Romeo and Juliet , Romeo tells Juliet that “ Love goes toward love as schoolboys from their books ” ( II , ii , l . 156 ) . Such similes often give way to more involved comparisons , “ extended similes . ” For example , Juliet tells Romeo : ‘ Tis almost morning , I would have thee gone , And yet no farther than a wonton ’ s bird , That lets it hop a little from his hand Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves , And with silken thread plucks it back again , So loving - jealous of his liberty . ( II , ii , ll . 176 - 181 ) An epic simile , a device borrowed from heroic poetry , is an extended simile that builds into an even more elaborate comparison . In Macbeth , Macbeth describes King Duncan ’ s virtues with an angelic , celestial simile Julius Caesar : Reading Shakespeare 8 and then drives immediately into another simile that redirects us into a vision of warfare and destruction : … Besides this Duncan Hath borne his faculties so meek , hath been So clear in his great office , that his virtues Will plead like angels , trumpet - tongued , against The deep damnation of his taking - off ; And pity , like a naked new - born babe , Striding the blast , or heaven ’ s cherubim , horsed Upon the sightless couriers of the air , Shall blow the horrid deed in every eye , That tears shall drown the wind … . ( I , vii , ll . 16 - 25 ) Shakespeare employs other devices , like synecdoche and metonymy , to achieve “ verbal economy , ” or using one or two words to express more than one thought . Synecdoche is a figure of speech using a part for the whole . An example of synecdoche is using the word boards to imply a stage . Boards are only a small part of the materials that make up a stage , however , the term boards has become a colloquial synonym for stage . Metonymy is a figure of speech using the name of one thing for that of another which it is associated . An example of metonymy is using crown to mean the king ( as used in the sentence “ These lands belong to the crown ” ) . Since a crown is associated with or an attribute of the king , the word crown has become a metonymy for the king . It is important to understand that every metonymy is a synecdoche , but not every synecdoche is a metonymy . This is rule is true because a metonymy must not only be a part of the root word , making a synecdoche , but also be a unique attribute of or associated with the root word . Synecdoche and metonymy in Shakespeare ’ s works is often very confusing to a new student because he creates uses for words that they usually do not perform . This technique is often complicated and yet very subtle , which makes it difficult of a new student to dissect and understand . An example of these devices in one of Shakespeare ’ s plays can be found in The Merchant of Venice . In warning his daughter , Jessica , to ignore the Christian revelries in the streets below , Shylock says : Lock up my doors ; and when you hear the drum And the vile squealing of the wry - necked fife , Clamber not you up to the casements then … ( I , v , ll . 30 - 32 ) The phrase of importance in this quote is “ the wry - necked fife . ” When a reader examines this phrase it does not seem to make sense ; a fife is a cylinder - shaped instrument , there is no part of it that can be called a neck . The phrase then must be taken to refer to the fife - player , who has to twist his or her neck to play the fife . Fife , therefore , is a synecdoche for fife - player , much as boards is for stage . The trouble with understanding this phrase is that “ vile squealing ” logically refers to the sound of the fife , not the fife - player , and the reader might be led to take fife as the instrument because of the parallel reference to “ drum ” in the previous line . The best solution to this quandary is that Shakespeare uses the word fife to refer to both the instrument and the player . Both the player and the instrument are needed to complete the wordplay in this phrase , which , though difficult to understand to new readers , can not be seen as a flaw since Shakespeare manages to convey two meanings with one word . This remarkable example of synecdoche illuminates Shakespeare ’ s mastery of “ verbal economy . ” Shakespeare also uses vivid and imagistic wordplay through personification , in which human capacities and behaviors are attributed to inanimate objects . Bassanio , in The Merchant of Venice , almost speechless when Portia promises to marry him and share all her worldly wealth , states “ my blood speaks to you in my veins … ” ( III , ii , l . 176 ) . How deeply he must feel since even his blood can speak . Similarly , Portia , learning of the penalty that Antonio must pay for defaulting on his debt , tells Salerio , “ There are some shrewd contents in Julius Caesar : Reading Shakespeare 9 yond same paper / That steals the color from Bassanio ’ s cheek ” ( III , ii , ll . 243 - 244 ) . Another important facet of Shakespeare ’ s rhetorical repertoire is his use of allusion . An allusion is a reference to another author or to an historical figure or event . Very often Shakespeare alludes to the heroes and heroines of Ovid ’ s Metamorphoses . For example , in Cymbeline an entire room is decorated with images illustrating the stories from this classical work , and the heroine , Imogen , has been reading from this text . Similarly , in Titus Andronicus characters not only read directly from the Metamorphoses , but a subplot re - enacts one of the Metamorphoses ’ s most famous stories , the rape and mutilation of Philomel . Another way Shakespeare uses allusion is to drop names of mythological , historical and literary figures . In The Taming of the Shrew , for instance , Petruchio compares Katharina , the woman whom he is courting , to Diana ( II , i , l . 55 ) , the virgin goddess , in order to suggest that Katharina is a man - hater . At times , Shakespeare will allude to well - known figures without so much as mentioning their names . In Twelfth Night , for example , though the Duke and Valentine are ostensibly interested in Olivia , a rich countess , Shakespeare asks his audience to compare the Duke ’ s emotional turmoil to the plight of Acteon , whom the goddess Diana transforms into a deer to be hunted and killed by Acteon ’ s own dogs : Duke : That instant was I turn ’ d into a hart , And my desires , like fell and cruel hounds , E ’ er since pursue me . [ … ] Valentine : But like a cloistress she will veiled walk , And water once a day her chamber round … . ( I , i , l . 20 ff . ) Shakespeare ’ s use of puns spotlights his exceptional wit . His comedies in particular are loaded with puns , usually of a sexual nature . Puns work through the ambiguity that results when multiple senses of a word are evoked ; homophones often cause this sort of ambiguity . In Antony and Cleopatra , Enobarbus believes “ there is mettle in death ” ( I , ii , l . 146 ) , meaning that there is “ courage ” in death ; at the same time , mettle suggests the homophone metal , referring to swords made of metal causing death . In early editions of Shakespeare ’ s work there was no distinction made between the two words . Antony puns on the word “ earing , ” ( I , ii , ll . 112 - 114 ) meaning both plowing ( as in rooting out weeds ) and hearing : he angrily sends away a messenger , not wishing to hear the message from his wife , Fulvia : “ … O then we bring forth weeds , / when our quick minds lie still , and our ills told us / Is as our earing . ” If ill - natured news is planted in one ’ s “ hearing , ” it will render an “ earing ” ( harvest ) of ill - natured thoughts . A particularly clever pun , also in Antony and Cleopatra , stands out after Antony ’ s troops have fought Octavius ’ s men in Egypt : “ We have beat him to his camp . Run one before , / And let the queen know of our gests ” ( IV , viii , ll . 1 - 2 ) . Here “ gests ” means deeds ( in this case , deeds of battle ) ; it is also a pun on “ guests , ” as though Octavius ’ slain soldiers were to be guests when buried in Egypt . One should note that Elizabethan pronunciation was in several cases different from our own . Thus , modern readers , especially Americans , will miss out on the many puns based on homophones . The textual notes will point up many of these “ lost ” puns , however . Shakespeare ’ s sexual innuendoes can be either clever or tedious depending upon the speaker and situation . The modern reader should recall that sexuality in Shakespeare ’ s time was far more complex than in ours and that characters may refer to such things as masturbation and homosexual activity . Textual notes in some editions will point out these puns but rarely explain them . An example of a sexual pun or innuendo can be found in The Merchant of Venice when Portia and Nerissa are discussing Portia ’ s past suitors using innuendo to tell of their sexual prowess : Julius Caesar : Reading Shakespeare 10 Portia : I pray thee , overname them , and as thou namest them , I will describe them , and according to my description level at my affection . Nerrisa : First , there is the Neapolitan prince . Portia : Ay , that ’ s a colt indeed , for he doth nothing but talk of his horse , and he makes it a great appropriation to his own good parts that he can shoe him himself . I am much afeard my lady his mother played false with the smith . ( I , ii , ll . 35 - 45 ) The “ Neapolitan prince ” is given a grade of an inexperienced youth when Portia describes him as a “ colt . ” The prince is thought to be inexperienced because he did nothing but “ talk of his horse ” ( a pun for his penis ) and his other great attributes . Portia goes on to say that the prince boasted that he could “ shoe him [ his horse ] himself , ” a possible pun meaning that the prince was very proud that he could masturbate . Finally , Portia makes an attack upon the prince ’ s mother , saying that “ my lady his mother played false with the smith , ” a pun to say his mother must have committed adultery with a blacksmith to give birth to such a vulgar man having an obsession with “ shoeing his horse . ” It is worth mentioning that Shakespeare gives the reader hints when his characters might be using puns and innuendoes . In The Merchant of Venice , Portia ’ s lines are given in prose when she is joking , or engaged in bawdy conversations . Later on the reader will notice that Portia ’ s lines are rhymed in poetry , such as when she is talking in court or to Bassanio . This is Shakespeare ’ s way of letting the reader know when Portia is jesting and when she is serious . Shakespeare ’ s Dramatic Verse Finally , the reader will notice that some lines are actually rhymed verse while others are in verse without rhyme ; and much of Shakespeare ’ s drama is in prose . Shakespeare usually has his lovers speak in the language of love poetry which uses rhymed couplets . The archetypal example of this comes , of course , from Romeo and Juliet : The grey - ey ’ d morn smiles on the frowning night , Check ’ ring the eastern clouds with streaks of light , And fleckled darkness like a drunkard reels From forth day ’ s path and Titan ’ s fiery wheels . ( II , iii , ll . 1 - 4 ) Here it is ironic that Friar Lawrence should speak these lines since he is not the one in love . He , therefore , appears buffoonish and out of touch with reality . Shakespeare often has his characters speak in rhymed verse to let the reader know that the character is acting in jest , and vice - versa . Perhaps the majority of Shakespeare ’ s lines are in blank verse , a form of poetry which does not use rhyme ( hence the name blank ) but still employs a rhythm native to the English language , iambic pentameter , where every second syllable in a line of ten syllables receives stress . Consider the following verses from Hamlet , and note the accents and the lack of end - rhyme : The síngle ánd pecúliar lífe is bóund With áll the stréngth and ármor óf the mínd ( III , iii , ll . 12 - 13 ) Julius Caesar : Reading Shakespeare 11 The final syllable of these verses receives stress and is said to have a hard , or “ strong , ” ending . A soft ending , also said to be “ weak , ” receives no stress . In The Tempest , Shakespeare uses a soft ending to shape a verse that demonstrates through both sound ( meter ) and sense the capacity of the feminine to propagate : and thén I lóv ’ d thee And shów ’ d thee áll the quálitíes o ’ th ’ ísle , The frésh spríngs , bríne - pits , bárren pláce and fértile . ( I , ii , ll . 338 - 40 ) The first and third of these lines here have soft endings . In general , Shakespeare saves blank verse for his characters of noble birth . Therefore , it is significant when his lofty characters speak in prose . Prose holds a special place in Shakespeare ’ s dialogues ; he uses it to represent the speech habits of the common people . Not only do lowly servants and common citizens speak in prose , but important , lower class figures also use this fun , at times ribald variety of speech . Though Shakespeare crafts some very ornate lines in verse , his prose can be equally daunting , for some of his characters may speechify and break into doubletalk in their attempts to show sophistication . A clever instance of this comes when the Third Citizen in Coriolanus refers to the people ’ s paradoxical lack of power when they must elect Coriolanus as their new leader once Coriolanus has orated how he has courageously fought for them in battle : We have power in ourselves to do it , but it is a power that we have no power to do ; for if he show us his wounds and tell us his deeds , we are to put our tongues into those wounds and speak for them ; so , if he tell us his noble deeds , we must also tell him our noble acceptance of them . Ingratitude is monstrous , and for the multitude to be ingrateful were to make a monster of the multitude , of the which we , being members , should bring ourselves to be monstrous members . ( II , ii , ll . 3 - 13 ) Notice that this passage contains as many metaphors , hideous though they be , as any other passage in Shakespeare ’ s dramatic verse . When reading Shakespeare , paying attention to characters who suddenly break into rhymed verse , or who slip into prose after speaking in blank verse , will heighten your awareness of a character ’ s mood and personal development . For instance , in Antony and Cleopatra , the famous military leader Marcus Antony usually speaks in blank verse , but also speaks in fits of prose ( II , iii , ll . 43 - 46 ) once his masculinity and authority have been questioned . Similarly , in Timon of Athens , after the wealthy lord Timon abandons the city of Athens to live in a cave , he harangues anyone whom he encounters in prose ( IV , iii , l . 331 ff . ) . In contrast , the reader should wonder why the bestial Caliban in The Tempest speaks in blank verse rather than in prose . Implied Stage Action When we read a Shakespearean play , we are reading a performance text . Actors interact through dialogue , but at the same time these actors cry , gesticulate , throw tantrums , pick up daggers , and compulsively wash murderous “ blood ” from their hands . Some of the action that takes place on stage is explicitly stated in stage directions . However , some of the stage activity is couched within the dialogue itself . Attentiveness to these cues is important as one conceives how to visualize the action . When Iago in Othello feigns concern for Cassio whom he himself has stabbed , he calls to the surrounding men , “ Come , come : / Lend me a light ” ( V , i , ll . 86 - 87 ) . It is almost sure that one of the actors involved will bring him a torch or lantern . In the same play , Emilia , Desdemona ’ s maidservant , asks if she should fetch her lady ’ s nightgown and Desdemona replies , “ No , unpin me here ” ( IV , iii , l . 37 ) . In Macbeth , after killing Duncan , Macbeth brings the murder weapon back with him . When he tells his wife that he can not return to the scene and place the daggers to suggest that the king ’ s guards murdered Duncan , she castigates him : “ Infirm of purpose / Give me the daggers . The sleeping and the dead are but as pictures ” ( II , ii , ll . 50 - 52 ) . As she exits , it is easy to visualize Lady Macbeth Julius Caesar : Reading Shakespeare 12 grabbing the daggers from her husband . For 400 years , readers have found it greatly satisfying to work with all aspects of Shakespeare ’ s language — the implied stage action , word choice , sentence structure , and wordplay — until all aspects come to life . Just as seeing a fine performance of a Shakespearean play is exciting , staging the play in one ’ s own mind ’ s eye , and revisiting lines to enrich the sense of the action , will enhance one ’ s appreciation of Shakespeare ’ s extraordinary literary and dramatic achievements . Julius Caesar : List of Characters Julius Caesar — Dictator of Rome Marcus Antonius ( Mark Antony ) — Friend of Caesar and one of the leaders of Rome after Caesar ’ s death Marcus Brutus — Friend of Caesar who kills him “ for the good of Rome ” Cassius — Leader of the conspiracy against Caesar and brother - in - law of Brutus Casca — The first conspirator to stab Caesar Trebonius — Member of the conspiracy against Caesar Caius Ligarius — Final member of the conspiracy , a sick man who joins them when Brutus asks him to help make Rome well Decius Brutus — Conspirator who uses flattery to get Caesar to the Senate House Metellus Cimber — Conspirator and brother of Publius Cimber who was banished from Rome Cinna — Conspirator who urges Cassius to bring Brutus into the conspiracy to gain favorable public opinion Flavius and Marullus — Tribunes who guard the rights of Roman citizens Octavius Caesar — Nephew of Julius Caesar and first Roman Emperor Lepidus — Ally of Antony and Octavius and one of the three rulers of Rome after Caesar ’ s assassination Cicero — Roman senator and orator later killed by Antony , Octavius , and Lepidus Publius — Elderly senator and witness to Caesar ’ s death Popilius Lena — Senator who was opposed to Caesar Calphurnia — Wife of Caesar who tried to keep her husband home on the day of his assassination Portia — Wife of Brutus , daughter of Cato and sister of Young Cato Lucilius — Officer in Brutus ’ army who is captured by Antony Titinius — Officer in Cassius ’ army who commits suicide after Cassius ’ death Julius Caesar : List of Characters 13 Messala — Officer in Brutus ’ army who gives Brutus information from Rome , including news of Portia ’ s suicide Young Cato — Brother - in - law of Brutus who dies in battle Varro and Claudius — Soldiers under Brutus ’ command who wait in his tent in Sardis before the battle at Philippi Volumnius , Clitus , and Dardanus — Soldiers under Brutus ’ command who refuse to help him commit suicide after the battle of Philippi Strato — Loyal friend of Brutus who assists him in his suicide Lucius — Servant of Brutus Pindarus — Servant of Cassius who helps his master commit suicide Artemidorus — Friend of Caesar who writes a letter warning him of the plot Soothsayer — Seer into the future who tries to warn Caesar about the plot to kill him Cinna the Poet — Poet on his way to Caesar ’ s funeral who is killed by an angry mob out for revenge Another Poet — Jester who enters Brutus ’ tent while Brutus and Cassius are arguing Labeo and Flavius — Soldiers in Brutus ’ army Julius Caesar : Historical Background Historical Background In 1599 , when Julius Caesar was first performed , Queen Elizabeth I , the Tudor Queen , was in the final years of her 45 - year reign ( 1558 – 1603 ) . It was a period of history called the “ Age of Discovery , ” a time of scientific growth , a rebirth of the arts , and exploration of the recently discovered continents of North and South America . Historical plays were popular during Shakespeare ’ s lifetime and people were eager to learn about worlds other than their own . A play like Julius Caesar taught them about Roman history , and at the same time , provided them with a mirror of their own society — a peacetime monarchy after a hundred years of warfare and before the Civil War that began in 1642 . Elizabeth ’ s reign was one of the most secure known by the English in hundreds of years . But her throne came under attack from Roman Catholic plots to replace the Protestant monarch with a Catholic . While Shakespeare was writing Julius Caesar , Elizabeth ’ s own favorite , the Earl of Essex rebelled in 1601 , intending to replace the Queen ’ s Secretary of State , Sir Robert Cecil , with a group of young aristocrats . His plan failed . But even more damaging attacks on the idea of monarchy came from loyal Puritans . Radicals like Peter Wentworth and John Field wanted democracy and called for “ liberty , freedom and enfranchisement , ” words echoed in Shakespeare ’ s play . Like Julius Caesar , Queen Elizabeth had no heirs to follow her on the throne . In 1599 , when she was ill , people feared that civil war and religious struggle would be the only way the question of her succession could be answered . Julius Caesar : Historical Background 14 Although Shakespeare was writing about Rome , he was also posing questions about his own times . Who is fit to have authority ? Who is fit to take this authority away ? Is authority justified by legal or divine right ? Can rebellion against authority ever be justified ? All of these concerns can be found in Julius Caesar . Performance of the Play In September of 1599 , a Swiss doctor visiting London wrote in his journal that he crossed the Thames and “ there in the thatched roof witnessed an excellent performance of the tragedy of the first emperor Julius . ” This entry is one of the few surviving pieces of information about the production in the original Globe Theater . We know that a performance of Julius Caesar included realistic sound effects for thunder and battle scenes . The actor playing Caesar probably had a pig ’ s bladder filled with blood under his costume , and when he was stabbed , he and the conspirators were covered with blood . About 15 men played all the parts in the play , memorizing several parts each . The two female roles were played by boy apprentices . There were no woman actors in the theater at this time . Today critics are divided over Julius Caesar . Some consider it flawed because it is the only Shakespearean tragedy where the title character is killed halfway through the play . Also , the focus of the action is never clear . Who is the hero of the play ? Is it Caesar or Brutus ? What is the message Shakespeare intends ? Certainly , they agree , the play is not as powerful as Hamlet or King Lear . In reading the play today , we tend to judge it by our modern standards and concepts of democracy and freedom . When you read the play , try to see it through the eyes of one who lived in England at the beginning of the 17th Century . It was a time of change and discovery , yet it was a time of divine right , monarchy , order and obligation . Without these things the world would be in chaos . What destroys the harmony in Caesar ’ s Rome — Caesar ’ s ambition for power ? Cassius ’ jealousy ? Brutus ’ naivete ? Or the fickleness of its citizens ? Julius Caesar : Summary and Analysis Act 1 , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis New Characters : Flavius and Marullus : tribunes opposed to Caesar ’ s growing power Roman Citizens : among them a cobbler and carpenter , supporters of Caesar Summary The setting is February 15 , 44 B.C. , the Feast of Lupercal , on a street in Rome . After the death of Pompey , Caesar has returned to Rome as the most powerful man in the Republic . The play begins on a Roman street with a confrontation between Flavius and Marullus ( Roman tribunes ) and a crowd of citizens out to celebrate Caesar ’ s arrival for the games . The tribunes are concerned about Caesar ’ s growing power and popular support and how it may destroy the Roman Republic . They scold the citizens and remind them of the love and support Rome once gave Pompey , who was killed in the civil war with Caesar . Flavius and Marullus drive the crowd from the streets . They decide to pull down any banners and decorations honoring Caesar , and scatter the crowds wherever they find them in an attempt to weaken popular support for Caesar . Analysis The opening scene is expository . It establishes the time and place and gives the audience an indication of what happened before the play began . It shows the political climate in Rome and the conflict surrounding Caesar . Rome , once ruled by three men ( a triumvirate ) is now in the hands of only one , Caesar , whose ambitions Julius Caesar : Summary and Analysis 15 include becoming king . The citizens , once loyal to Pompey , one of the triumvirate , now form the base of Caesar ’ s power . Others , represented by Flavius and Marullus , are opposed to Caesar and the threat he represents to the Roman Republic . Flavius and Marullus drive the crowd from the streets . This shows how easily the crowd can be manipulated and controlled . Flavius and Marullus are concerned about the welfare of the Roman state and the negative impact that Caesar ’ s lust for power will have on its citizens . Yet the crowd seems unconcerned about politics . They are only interested in having a holiday from work , and it does not seem to matter if the celebration is for Pompey or for Caesar . This fickleness of the commoners will surface several times throughout the play . Ultimately the commoners are used as a force to affect the politics of Rome . This will become a significant factor later in the play . Also significant are the issues of interpretation and subjectivity . Throughout the play a character ’ s judgment is affected by another character ’ s interpretation of events . In this scene Flavius and Marullus are able to influence the actions of the crowd by their accounts of Pompey and how good he was for Rome . This may or may not have been true , but their perception prevails in the scene . Look for other indications of this subjective interpretation of events as Brutus considers if he should kill Caesar , the interpretation of the meaning of omens in the play , and even Pindarus ’ report to Cassius of the capture of Titinius in Act V . Note Shakespeare ’ s use of the pun , a play on words , in the opening lines of this scene . “ I am / but , as you would say , a cobbler . ” ( 10 – 11 ) The word cobbler meant bungler as well as shoemaker . Later the character says , “ all that I live by is with the / awl . ” ( 24 – 25 ) Since Shakespeare ’ s audience was often noisy and rowdy , he opens the scene with humorous wordplay to focus his audience ’ s attention , make them laugh , and get them to listen . Once that has been done , he returns to the essential information in the scene — the developing conflict surrounding Caesar ’ s growing ambition . Act I , Scene 2 : Summary and Analysis New Characters : Caesar : the most powerful man in the Roman Republic after the death of Pompey Calphurnia : Caesar ’ s wife Brutus : friend of Caesar , concerned about the welfare of Rome Cassius : brother - in - law of Brutus and leader of the conspiracy against Caesar Casca : a conspirator against Caesar Antony : a close friend of Caesar Soothsayer : one who sees the future and tries to warn Caesar Summary The setting for this scene is another Roman street on the Feast of Lupercal . Caesar enters at the head of a procession ( triumph ) with a flourish of trumpets , accompanied by his wife , friends , and some of the conspirators who will later stab him to death . They are on their way to the Coliseum for the traditional footrace to celebrate the Feast of Lupercal , a fertility festival in honor of the god Pan . Caesar stops the procession and calls for Calphurnia . He then orders Antony , who is dressed to run , to touch Calphurnia during Act 1 , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis 16 the race . The Romans believed that a barren ( sterile ) woman touched by the winner of the race on the Feast of Lupercal would “ Shake off their sterile curse . ” ( 11 ) As they are about to move off , a soothsayer calls to Caesar from the crowd . He warns Caesar , “ Beware the ides of March . ” ( March 15 ) ( 21 ) But Caesar dismisses the man as “ a dreamer ” and the procession continues to the Coliseum . Cassius and Brutus remain behind . Cassius voices his concern about Brutus ’ seeming coolness toward him . Brutus assures Cassius that they are still friends , explaining to Cassius that he is simply distracted . During their conversation they hear three shouts from the Coliseum , and Brutus admits he is afraid the people have chosen Caesar to be king . Cassius then begins his campaign to undermine Caesar and his growing power . He tells Brutus that the Romans have allowed Caesar to grow too powerful and tries to show Brutus why Caesar is unfit to rule Rome . Cassius says he once saved Caesar from drowning during a swimming race , and another time he saw Caesar with a fever , crying “ As a sick girl . ” ( 135 ) Cassius appeals to Brutus to do something before Caesar destroys the Roman Republic . Brutus says he will not live under the control of a king , and he is even ready to die for the good of Rome . After the games end , Caesar and his entourage return . When he sees Cassius and Brutus together he recognizes the potential threat that Cassius represents . He tells Antony , “ Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look . / He thinks too much . Such men are dangerous . ” ( 204 – 205 ) He says that Cassius is never at “ heart ’ s ease ” when he is in the company of someone who is better than he ( Caesar ) . But Caesar quickly dismisses the threat posed by Cassius “ for always I am Caesar . ” ( 222 ) Casca , cynical and sarcastic , describes to Brutus and Cassius what happened at the Coliseum . The crowd cheered when Antony presented Caesar with a crown three times , which Caesar refused each time . According to Casca ’ s account , the people cheered so much that their bad breath knocked Caesar down and he passed out . Brutus , however , says that Caesar has epilepsy . Before he fell , Casca says , Caesar told the crowd that they could cut his throat if he displeased them , and Casca says he would have done it if he had a knife . When he recovered from his seizure , Caesar apologized for his words and actions , winning the forgiveness and sympathies of the crowd . Casca also tells Cassius and Brutus that Flavius and Marullus “ for pulling scarves off Caesar ’ s images , are put to silence . ” ( 296 – 7 ) This might mean they were put out of office , imprisoned , or even put to death . Cassius recognizes Casca as another potential ally against Caesar and invites him to supper . He tells Brutus to consider all the things they have discussed . When Cassius is alone he says in a soliloquy ( a speech made by a character who is alone on the stage ) that he will write letters in different handwriting and leave them where Brutus will find them . He hopes the letters will convince Brutus that public opinion is opposed to Caesar , and move Brutus to take action . Analysis This scene shows Caesar ’ s power and the attitudes of those surrounding him . This is done through Caesar ’ s words in the opening lines , the reactions of others to him , and what others say about him . Caesar is vain , insensitive , and conceited . He humiliates his wife by publicly calling attention to her sterility . Yet Antony jumps when Caesar gives him an order . Antony responds , “ When Caesar says ‘ Do this , ’ it is performed . ” ( 13 ) Caesar seems to be afraid of nothing . He dismisses the soothsayer as a “ dreamer . ” This inflated opinion of himself will resurface later in the scene and several other times in the play . The scene reveals that Brutus is troubled by Caesar ’ s rise to power . This concern has preoccupied him to the point that he has neglected his friends . Brutus is at war with himself . Act I , Scene 2 : Summary and Analysis 17 If there is a villain in the play , it is Cassius . He is jealous of Caesar and aware that Brutus can be manipulated by what he perceives to be for the good of Rome . Cassius probes Brutus by asking if he is aware of what is happening in Rome . When Brutus reacts to the shouts from the crowd , Cassius steps up his attack on Caesar . His story about saving Caesar ’ s life may or may not be true . Angrily he points out that Caesar has become a god and that he must bow to him . The issue of subjective interpretation is significant in this scene . Although Brutus is already considering the potential threat Caesar poses to Rome , it is Cassius ’ perception of Caesar that adds to Brutus ’ concern . Is Caesar really as great a threat as Cassius says ? When Caesar reappears , his astute political judgment is revealed when he immediately recognizes the threat that Cassius poses . He assesses Cassius as a loner who does n ’ t sleep , who reads , and who is generally not content with his life . Caesar knows instinctively that if any man is to be feared , it is Cassius . Yet Caesar is afraid of nothing . This pride , coupled with ambition , blinds him and makes him vulnerable . Caesar wishes to be a god , but , ironically , he suffers from certain physical afflictions . He is deaf in his left ear , and he is an epileptic . The cynical and sarcastic Casca gives a humorous and biased account of the events that occurred at the Coliseum , revealing his own feelings toward Caesar . Caesar played to the crowd by three times refusing Antony ’ s offer of a coronet , a small crown . Caesar may have done this because the crown offered by Antony was only symbolic , and had no power connected with it . By refusing the crown , Caesar would show the crowd that he was n ’ t really ambitious . According to Casca , when the crowd cheered , their bad breath knocked Caesar down . In actuality Caesar suffered an epileptic seizure . Brutus calls it “ the falling sickness . ” Cassius makes a pun , indicating that Rome has “ the falling sickness , ” falling down in worship before Caesar . Casca ’ s attitude , his account of the events and his reference to cutting Caesar ’ s throat , indicate to that he is another candidate for the growing plot against Caesar . Cassius invites Casca to supper to recruit him into the conspiracy . Casca ’ s news that Flavius and Marullus were silenced is another indication of Caesar ’ s possible abuse of power . Cassius ’ soliloquy is an important aspect of this scene . A soliloquy , a speech made by a character who is alone on the stage , reveals the character ’ s true nature , thoughts , and feelings . In his soliloquy , after Casca and Brutus exit , Cassius indicates how he plans to trick Brutus into the plot against Caesar . He will forge letters indicating that Rome wants Caesar killed , and leave them where Brutus will find them . Cassius is shrewd , calculating , and ready to take advantage of Brutus for his own political and personal reasons . He knows that Brutus is well - respected in Rome , and his joining the conspiracy will give it respectability . Act I , Scene 3 : Summary and Analysis Cicero : a Roman senator and orator Cinna : a conspirator against Caesar It is the night before the ides of March , and a terrible storm is raging . A frightened Casca , with his sword drawn , meets Cicero on a Roman street . Casca describes to Cicero all the unusual things he has witnessed : heaven “ dropping fire , ” a man with his hand ablaze but not burning , a lion in the Capitol , an owl hooting in the marketplace at noon , and men on fire walking through the streets . Casca interprets all these signs to mean either the gods are engaged in civil war , or they are determined to destroy Rome . They mention Caesar ’ s Act I , Scene 3 : Summary and Analysis 18 plans to be at the Capitol in the morning , and Cicero exits as Cassius enters . Cassius is unconcerned about the storm and tells Casca that he has been daring the lightning to strike him . When Casca says all these terrible things are signs from the gods , Cassius interprets them as warnings against Caesar . Casca reveals that the senators plan to make Caesar king , and give him a crown that he may wear “ every place save here in Italy . ” ( 91 ) Cassius says he would rather kill himself than see Caesar made king . He tells Casca of a plot to kill Caesar , and convinces him to join the conspiracy . Cinna , another conspirator , enters and reports to Cassius that the others are waiting for him at Pompey ’ s Porch , the covered entrance to the theater built by Pompey . Cassius gives Cinna some letters and instructs him to leave them where Brutus will find them . When Cinna leaves , Cassius tells Casca that Brutus is almost convinced to join them , and that one final push “ yields him ours . ” ( 161 ) Casca rightly states that Brutus is well - respected in Rome , and his joining the conspiracy will give it respectability . Act I ends with them heading for Brutus ’ house to “ wake him and be sure of him . ” ( 169 ) A month has passed , and there is a storm raging , symbolizing the political storm unfolding in Rome . Caesar , the head of state , is on the brink of assassination , and the natural order in Roman society is being threatened . Casca , like many Romans , is superstitious . He interprets these unusual events as evil omens . The gods , he thinks , are bent on destroying Rome . Cassius sees Caesar ’ s unbridled power as a greater evil and the surest way to destroying the Roman Republic . In his meeting with Casca , he reveals himself to be unafraid and undisturbed by events . Cassius is confident , openly daring the lightning to strike him . His mood is almost joyful as he and the other conspirators plan to rid Rome of a tyrant . Cassius calls the evening “ A very pleasing night to honest men , ” ( 46 ) indicating that he regards his plans to kill Caesar as just and necessary . Cassius uses a similar approach to discover Casca ’ s feelings toward Caesar and recruit him into his plot as he did with Brutus . He tells Casca that Romans have grown weak and “ womanish ” as Caesar has grown strong . His words are convincing and Casca , with a handshake , joins Cassius and the others against Caesar . When Cinna arrives , Cassius identifies the other conspirators by name . Decius Brutus ( not to be confused with Marcus Brutus ) , Trebonius , and Metellus Cimber are among them . The letters Cassius gives to Cinna are those he mentioned in his soliloquy . In the course of the month that has passed , many letters have been posted where Brutus would find them . They have had the desired effect of convincing Brutus of a public sentiment against Caesar . Cassius says of Brutus , “ Three parts of him / Is ours already , and the man entire / Upon the next encounter yields him ours . ” ( 159 – 61 ) The importance of having Brutus with them is also understood by Casca who says , “ O , he sits high in all the people ’ s hearts , / And that which would appear offense in us / His countenance , like richest alchemy , / Will change to virtue and to worthiness . ” ( 162 – 65 ) In this scene Cassius introduces the idea of suicide . He says he will kill himself before he will see Caesar made king . Elizabethan England was generally opposed to the concept of suicide , because it went against the Christian teaching that only God could take a person ’ s life . However , the notion of suicide among Romans , as in the Japanese samurai tradition , was acceptable . Many Romans considered suicide preferable to dishonor and defeat . This will become a significant factor in Act V . Act II , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis Lucius : Brutus ’ servant Act II , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis 19 Decius : conspirator who plans to flatter Caesar and bring him to the Senate House Metellus Cimber and Trebonius : conspirators against Caesar Portia : wife of Brutus Caius Ligarius : ill friend of Brutus ; the last to join the conspiracy The setting for the scene is before three o ’ clock in the morning of the ides of March , and Brutus is alone in his garden . He is unable to sleep . His mind is still disturbed as he wrestles with what to do about Caesar . In a soliloquy , Brutus considers the possibilities . He has no personal feelings against Caesar , yet he must consider the good of Rome . Caesar has not yet acted irresponsibly , but once he is crowned and has power , he could change and do harm to Rome . Brutus compares Caesar to a poisonous snake . Because Caesar may be corrupted by power , Brutus decides he must be prevented from gaining power . He says , “ And therefore think him as a serpent ’ s egg , / Which , hatched , would , as his kind , grow mischievous , / And kill him in the shell . ” ( 33 – 35 ) Lucius , Brutus ’ servant , brings him some letters he has found . They all urge Brutus to act against Caesar . Cassius , Casca , Cinna , Decius , Metellus Cimber , and Trebonius arrive to put more pressure on Brutus . Brutus announces his intention to join them , taking charge . First he convinces the others that they do n ’ t need Cicero in the conspiracy , and then he convinces them that Antony should not be killed with Caesar . Brutus tells Metellus to send Caius Ligarius , who has a grudge against Caesar , to see him so that Brutus may bring him into the plot . Decius says that he will use flattery to get Caesar out of his house if he decides to remain home . They leave with plans to arrive at Caesar ’ s house at eight o ’ clock to escort him to the Capitol . After they are gone , Portia , Brutus ’ wife , appears and begs him to confide in her what is going on . She convinces him that although she is a woman , she is strong and capable of keeping his secrets . But just as Brutus is about to tell Portia everything , an ill Ligarius arrives . Because he has such regard for Brutus , Ligarius agrees to “ discard [ his ] sickness ” ( 347 ) and follow Brutus . Brutus leads Ligarius towards Caesar ’ s house , revealing the details of their plans as they go . For a month Brutus has been wrestling with his thoughts , unable to eat or sleep . Lucius , in contrast , has no difficulty falling asleep . In Shakespeare ’ s world , sleep is reserved only for the innocent , those with untroubled minds . While pacing in his garden Brutus decides that Caesar must be killed , not for what Caesar is , but for what he may become . His decision to kill Caesar has nothing to do with a desire for personal gain or power . Brutus is driven purely by concern for the good of Rome . He regards Caesar , his friend , as a potential threat to the well - being of the Republic . He compares Caesar to a poisonous snake that is dangerous only after it is hatched . To prevent danger , it must be killed in the shell . So Caesar must be killed before he abuses his power . The letters presented by Lucius , left by Cinna at the direction of Cassius , only reaffirm what Brutus has already decided . When the other conspirators arrive , Brutus joins them with a handshake and commits himself to their plan to kill Caesar . Immediately he becomes their new leader , replacing Cassius . Ironically , the man who does not want power takes over , making decisions for these men throughout the rest of the play . He convinces them that they need not swear an oath to their cause , because what they are about to do is noble and important enough to bind them together . Act II , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis 20 When Metellus and the others want Cicero in the conspiracy to “ purchase us a good opinion / And buy men ’ s voices to commend our deeds , ” ( 157 – 58 ) Brutus persuades them that Cicero is unnecessary , “ For he will never follow anything / That other men begin . ” ( 163 – 64 ) When the question of killing Antony is brought up by the practical Cassius , Brutus again prevails . He says that they are “ sac ¬ rificers , but not butchers , ” ( 179 ) and convinces them that if they kill Antony , their “ course will seem too bloody . ” ( 175 ) It would be like cutting off Caesar ’ s head and afterwards hacking off his arms and legs . Cassius ’ desire to kill Antony , however , is based on sound political considerations . Antony , a friend of Caesar , might later cause trouble for the conspirators . Cassius rightly concludes that Antony should be killed with Caesar . The idealistic Brutus is moved by what he perceives to be right , and to him killing Antony would be wrong . His speech in lines 175 – 196 convinces them to let Antony live . This error , and other errors in judgment made by Brutus in Act III , will later prove disastrous . The matter of Caesar ’ s superstition arises when Cassius questions whether Caesar will even leave his house while so many strange phenomena are occurring . Decius says he will take advantage of Caesar ’ s vulnerability to flattery to persuade Caesar to come to the Capitol . As the conspirators leave , determined to meet at Caesar ’ s house by eight o ’ clock , Portia enters . She begs Brutus to share his problems with her as his true wife . She kneels , telling him that even though she is a woman , she is strong enough to keep his secrets . To prove this she even gives herself a voluntary wound in the thigh without crying out . Brutus is so moved by Portia ’ s display that he says he is not worthy of such a wife . The only thing that prevents him from telling her everything is the arrival of Caius Ligarius . In a very brief exchange with Ligarius , the esteem in which Brutus is held by his peers is revealed . The ill Ligarius ignores his own sickness because Brutus needs him for some undisclosed enterprise . It is a testimonial to the high opinion Ligarius and Rome have of Brutus . Note Shakespeare ’ s use of anachronisms ( an object or event from the wrong time period ) in this scene . Shakespeare was not concerned about the historical accuracy of certain details , and he mixed events from his era with those from Roman times . Sometimes these anachronisms were convenient methods to move the play along . How would the conspirators account for the time if the clock did n ’ t strike three ? ( Clocks did not exist in Caesar ’ s time . ) Lucius tells Brutus that he does not recognize the men at the gate because they are wearing hats and cloaks . Neither hats nor cloaks were part of the Roman dress , but were in the 1600s . In addition , kerchiefs were worn by sick men and women in Shakespeare ’ s England . Look for other anachronisms in the course of the play . Act II , Scene 2 : Summary and Analysis It is almost eight o ’ clock in the morning on the ides of March at Caesar ’ s house . Caesar is awakened by Calphurnia crying out in her sleep . Caesar orders his servant to have the priests sacrifice an animal and bring back word of the results . Calphurnia asks her husband to stay at home because she is afraid he will be murdered , but the proud and haughty Caesar refuses to take her warning . Caesar ’ s servant returns with word from the augurers ( priests ) , who want Caesar to remain inside because , “ They could not find a heart within the beast . ” ( 43 ) Caesar interprets this differently . He says , “ The gods do this in shame of cowardice . / Caesar should be a beast without a heart / If he should stay at home today for fear . ” ( 44 – 46 ) It is only when Calphurnia kneels and begs him to stay home for her sake that Caesar agrees . Act II , Scene 2 : Summary and Analysis 21 As planned , Decius arrives to escort Caesar to the Senate . Caesar tells him to take word to the senators that he intends to remain home . When Decius presses him for a reason , Caesar tells him of Calphurnia ’ s dream , where she saw a statue of Caesar oozing blood in a hundred places , with many Romans bathing their hands in it . However , Decius interprets the dream in a favorable way . He says that Caesar is the lifeblood of Rome , and the men bathing in his blood are gaining strength from him . Decius also appeals to Caesar ’ s pride . He tells him that the senators might think Caesar is afraid if he does not show up because Calphurnia had bad dreams . Decius ’ appeal changes Caesar ’ s mind . He decides to ignore his wife ’ s fears and go to the Senate . Brutus , Cassius , and the others arrive in time to put more pressure on Caesar . The scene ends with them leaving together for the Senate House . This scene parallels the preceding scene , where Portia influences Brutus , only to be interrupted by Ligarius . Here Calphurnia convinces Caesar to stay at home , only to have Decius interrupt , changing Caesar ’ s mind . Superstition and supernatural forces again play an important part in this scene . In an attempt to convince her husband to stay home , Calphurnia describes fantastic events she has witnessed or heard about , and interprets them as omens meant to warn Caesar . She tells of graves yielding up their dead , a lioness giving birth in the streets of the city , and blood dripping from the clouds onto the Capitol , events similar to those extraordinary occurrences mentioned earlier by Casca . Calphurnia pleads with Caesar to give into her fears . “ Caesar , I never stood on ceremonies , / But now they fright me . ” ( 13 – 14 ) But because of his pride , Caesar is unmoved . He says , “ Cowards die many times before their deaths ; / The valiant never taste of death but once . ” ( 34 – 35 ) When his servant brings word that the augurers could not find a heart in the beast they sacrificed , Caesar interprets it to mean the gods would consider him a coward without a heart if he does not go to the Senate . It is only when Calphurnia kneels to him , as Portia did with Brutus , that he consents . For an instant a tender and human side of Caesar is revealed . But when Calphurnia tells Caesar to say he is sick , it is too much for his pride to lie to “ greybeards . ” When he does agree to send Decius to the Senate with his decision , Caesar says , “ Tell them that I will not come today . / Can not is false , and that I dare not falser . / I will not come today . ” ( 66 – 68 ) It must be made clear to the senators that Caesar is in control . After hearing Calphurnia ’ s dream , Decius interprets it in a favorable way . He says it is a good omen , that Caesar is the center of Rome and from him “ great Rome shall suck / Reviving blood . ” ( 92 – 93 ) He convinces Caesar to go by telling him that the Senate plans to give him a crown , and they may change their mind if Caesar does not come . There are those who will laugh at Caesar and think him a coward if he hides himself at home because Calphurnia had bad dreams . This is too much for Caesar to bear , and he changes his mind once again and agrees to go to the Senate . The man who says he hates flatterers is flattered and lured to his death . Act II , Scenes 3 and 4 : Summary and Analysis New Character : Artemidorus : teacher and friend of some of the conspirators ; he has learned about the plot against Caesar The setting is a Roman street on the ides of March shortly before the planned assassination . Artemidorus , a teacher and friend of some of the conspirators , has learned about the plot to kill Caesar . He has written a letter naming each man and warning Caesar to be on his guard . He plans to wait for Caesar to pass and then present the letter as a suitor looking for a political favor . At the same time , on another part of the street , an agitated Portia tells Lucius to run to the Capitol and report back to her everything his master , Brutus , says and does . The confused boy is unsure of what the distracted Portia wants him to do and he hesitates . When Portia sees the soothsayer passing by his way to the Capitol , Act II , Scenes 3 and 4 : Summary and Analysis 22 she asks him if he knows about any harm intended toward Caesar . The soothsayer responds , “ None that I know will be , much that I fear may chance . ” ( Sc . 4 , 38 ) He tells her that he plans to speak to Caesar when he passes . In an aside , Portia wishes Brutus success in his enterprise and she sends Lucius off on his errand . How Artemidorus learned about the plot is not explained , but his information is correct and up - to - date . His list of conspirators includes Ligarius , who joined Brutus only recently . His letter cautions Caesar against overconfidence . “ If thou beest not immortal , look about you . Security gives way to conspiracy . ” ( Sc . 3 , 6 – 7 ) It is precisely Caesar ’ s sense of his own immortality , his attitude that he is a god , that makes him so vulnerable . Portia ’ s behavior in Scene 4 indicates that she knows what is about to occur . Because Shakespeare does not say exactly how she knows , we must assume she has either been told by Brutus , or has figured it out for herself . The issue of her being a “ weak ” woman , brought up in the previous scene , is mentioned again . “ O constancy , be strong upon my side ; / Set a huge mountain ‘ tween my heart and tongue . / I have a man ’ s mind but a woman ’ s might . / How hard it is for women to keep counsel ! ” ( Sc . 4 , 7 – 10 ) Portia is now so agitated she can hardly contain herself , and is about to burst . Her orders to Lucius are unclear and his response is almost humorous . “ Madam , what should I do ? / Run to the Capitol , and nothing else ? / And so return to you , and nothing else ? ” ( Sc . 4 , 12 – 14 ) . Her exchange with the soothsayer makes it clear she knows there is a plot to “ harm ” Caesar . Since all of the roles in Shakespeare ’ s plays were acted by males , Portia ’ s comment about a man ’ s mind and a woman ’ s might is a joke that would n ’ t have been missed by the audience in the Globe Theater . Act III , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis Lepidus : one of the three rulers of Rome after Caesar ’ s death Publius : elderly Roman senator who escorts Caesar to the Senate Popilius Lena : senator who wishes success to Cassius Servant : messenger from Octavius Caesar arrives at the Senate House on the ides of March . Artemidorus tries to give Caesar his warning letter , as Decius offers Caesar a petition . Artemidorus presses Caesar to read his letter first because it “ touches Caesar nearer . ” ( 7 ) Caesar responds , “ What touches us ourself shall be last served . ” ( 8 ) In other words , he ignores the letter because it is of a personal nature . Cassius is afraid that their plans are known when Popilius , a senator , says to him , “ I wish your enterprise today may thrive . ” ( 14 ) Cassius tells Casca to act quickly . Trebonius , as prearranged , removes Antony from the scene . Under the pretext of begging repeal of a banishment decree imposed by Caesar on Publius Cimber , brother of Metellus , they surround Caesar and isolate him from the rest of the senators . As Caesar rejects each of their appeals , the conspirators tighten the circle around him . Casca is the first to strike , and , after each of the conspirators attack Caesar , Brutus is the last to stab him . Mortally wounded , Caesar says his last words , “ Et tu , Brutè ? — Then fall , Caesar , ” ( 85 ) and dies . Act III , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis 23 Panic ensues as the senators run from the Senate House . Under the direction of Brutus , the conspirators bathe their hands and swords in Caesar ’ s blood and prepare to go into the streets . But before they can tell the Romans what has happened , Antony ’ s servant enters and begs for permission for his master to come and speak to all of them . Brutus agrees , but before Antony ’ s arrival , Cassius again considers the possibility of killing Antony . When Antony arrives he tells the conspirators that he is ready to die , if that is their plan . Brutus assures Antony that there is no harm intended toward him , or anyone else . Reassured by Brutus , Antony shakes their bloody hands and asks for permission to bring Caesar ’ s body to the marketplace and to speak at Caesar ’ s funeral . Again Brutus is quick to agree , and again Cassius objects . Brutus overrides the objection and tells Antony that he may speak , but only with certain restrictions . Antony may not blame the conspirators for killing Caesar , although he may say good things about Caesar . He must say he speaks by permission from the same pulpit after Brutus speaks . After they leave , Antony declares his true feelings in a powerful soliloquy . He predicts a violent and bloody civil war , and he vows revenge for Caesar ’ s death . A messenger arrives with news that young Octavius , Caesar ’ s nephew , has arrived outside of Rome . Antony tells the messenger to wait until after his funeral speech , and then return to Octavius with news as to whether or not it is safe or not for him to enter Rome . Together they carry Caesar ’ s body to the marketplace . Time is running out for Caesar , but there are still two possibilities that may save his life . The first is the soothsayer and the other is Artemidorus . Caesar dismisses the soothsayer when he sees him with his mocking , “ The ides of March are come . ” ( 1 ) Then , he ignores Artemidorus ’ letter because it is personal business . Ironically , this man who regards himself as a god , who identifies himself as the center of Rome , who uses the words “ us ourself ” when he refers to himself , cuts himself off from possible salvation by putting himself last . Fearing detection because their security has been compromised , Cassius indicates he will kill himself rather than live under Caesar . But it becomes clear that Popilius , a senator who wishes Cassius well , does not intend to warn Caesar , and the conspirators are free to carry out their plan . Trebonius is the only conspirator who does n ’ t stab Caesar . His purpose is to lead Antony off and prevent him from coming to Caesar ’ s aid . As he begins the day ’ s proceedings , Caesar ’ s ego is apparent . He says , “ What is now amiss / That Caesar and his Senate must redress ? ” ( 34 – 35 ) Clearly , Caesar considers Rome and the Senate to belong to him . In his exchange with the conspirators , Caesar will not reconsider his decision banishing Publius Cimber . He says he is incapable of making mistakes . “ Know : Caesar doth not wrong . ” ( 52 ) He considers himself no “ ordinary man ” and he can not be swayed by flattery . However , Caesar ’ s assessment of himself is not very accurate . He has already made some serious mistakes by dismissing the many warnings he has received , and by thinking the people around him are his friends . Also , Decius was able to flatter Caesar into changing his mind about coming to the Senate . Nevertheless , he says to Cassius , “ I could be well moved , if I were as you . / If I could pray to move , prayers would move me . / But I am constant as the Northern Star . ” ( 64 – 66 ) He says that trying to change Caesar ’ s mind is an impossibility , like trying to lift Mount Olympus . The concern Brutus had in his garden about Caesar seems to be justified by Caesar ’ s inflexibility . Casca is the first to stab Caesar . It is fitting that Brutus be the last . Caesar ’ s words to him — Et tu Brutè ? ( and thou , Brutus ? ) — indicate his disbelief that his friend could do such a thing . In the panic that follows Caesar ’ s death , Metellus warns the conspirators to “ Stand fast together . ” ( 96 ) But Brutus takes charge and assures the frightened senators that “ Ambition ’ s debt is paid . ” ( 91 ) To mark Act III , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis 24 themselves as the men who killed Caesar and gave their country “ Liberty , freedom and enfranchisement , ” ( 89 ) Brutus tells them to bathe their hands in Caesar ’ s blood . With this act Calphurnia ’ s dream comes true . Brutus is so blinded by delusions of his own nobility that he goes so far as to suggest that the conspirators have done Caesar a favor by killing him : “ . . . Death is a benefit / So we are Caesar ’ s friends that have abridged / his time of fearing death . ” ( 115 - 17 ) The arrival of Antony provides another opportunity to study the differences between the idealistic Brutus and the practical Cassius . Brutus is innocent , to the point of being naive . Because he believes his motives for killing Caesar are noble and pure , and because any reasonable Roman would recognize them as such , Brutus has no problem with Antony ’ s request to speak at Caesar ’ s funeral . Since they all acted for the good of Rome , how could Antony , or any Roman , not understand ? Cassius however , instinctively sees the political truth and knows the problems Antony may cause them . His strenuous objections are downplayed by Brutus , who thinks he can allay Cassius ’ fears by imposing restrictions on Antony . He tells Antony , “ You shall not in your funeral speech blame us / But speak all good you can devise of Caesar / And say you do ’ t by our permission , / . . . And you shall speak / In the same pulpit whereto I am going , / After my speech is ended . ” ( 270 – 76 ) When the others leave , the bloody Antony , who has shaken hands with each of the conspirators , indicates his true intentions in a soliloquy . He vows revenge for Caesar ’ s murder , and he promises to throw Italy into such a violent civil war , “ That mothers shall but smile when they behold / Their infants quartered with the hands of war , / All pity choked with custom of fell deeds . ” ( 293 – 95 ) The arrival of a messenger at the end of the scene introduces Octavius , Caesar ’ s young nephew , who has an important role in the rest of the play . Act III , Scenes 2 and 3 : Summary and Analysis Plebeians : Roman citizens at Caesar ’ s funeral Servant : messenger from Octavius Cinna the Poet : a poet with the same name as one of the conspirators The setting is in the marketplace at Caesar ’ s funeral shortly after his death . The agitated crowd demands an explanation for Caesar ’ s assassination . Cassius leaves with some of the crowd to give his version of why Caesar was killed , while Brutus remains behind with the others to give his own account of the events . Brutus explains that although he was Caesar ’ s friend , and loved him , Caesar was ambitious and had to be killed for the good of Rome . If allowed to live , Caesar would have made slaves of all the Romans . He tells the crowd that he is ready to kill himself with the same dagger he used to kill Caesar , if they think he did wrong . But they are so moved by his speech that the crowd wants to erect statues in Brutus ’ honor and make him king . Brutus declines their offer , and after telling them to listen to what Antony has to say , Brutus leaves . Antony faces a hostile audience when he ascends into the pulpit and begins his oration with the words , “ Friends , Romans , countrymen , lend me your ears . ” ( Sc . 2 , 82 ) Slowly he wins them over , proving that Caesar was not ambitious . He calls the conspirators “ honorable men , ” yet he shows them to be traitors . Antony cries for Caesar and produces his will . He tells the angry citizens that he dare not read the will because it might stir them to mutiny and rage against Cassius and Brutus . He shows them Caesar ’ s bloody cloak and his mutilated body , stirring them up with every word . And when he finally reads the will , revealing Act III , Scenes 2 and 3 : Summary and Analysis 25 the generous legacy Caesar left the citizens of Rome , the crowd is transformed into an angry mob , out of control and intent on revenge against the conspirators . Antony is quite pleased with these results , and with the news brought by a messenger from Octavius , that Cassius and Brutus have fled Rome . In the next scene , Cinna , the poet , on his way to Caesar ’ s funeral , is confronted by a mob carrying torches and clubs . They demand answers to their questions , and when Cinna tells them his name they threaten to kill him as a conspirator . He says he is n ’ t one of the conspirators , but a poet . The angry mob kills him anyway , “ for his bad verses , ” ( Sc . 3 , 31 ) and then runs off to burn the houses of the conspirators . The scene provides another example of subjective interpretation , and shows how it affects the actions of others . The crowd of citizens is moved first by Brutus ’ picture of Caesar , and then turned into an angry mob by a totally different Caesar painted by Antony . The fickleness of the Roman people , evident from the first scene of the play , becomes more apparent now . After Caesar ’ s assassination , the angry crowd , commoners who were the foundation of Caesar ’ s power , demand an explanation from the bloody men who just murdered their hero . Brutus is so sure killing Caesar was the right thing to do that he is ready to die for his convictions . He is so convincing in arguing that Caesar ’ s ambition would have destroyed the Roman Republic that the crowd is eager to “ Bring him with triumph home unto his house . / Give him a statue with his ancestors . / Let him be Caesar . ” ( Sc . 2 , 51 – 53 ) In their response lies the irony . Brutus killed Caesar , who would be king , to deliver Rome from tyranny , and these same people would make their liberator king . They have missed the point behind Brutus ’ actions and oration . Antony ’ s funeral speech is the dramatic high point of the play . Not only is he able to stir up the Romans into a frenzied mob , as he predicted he would in his soliloquy in Act III , but he does so while fulfilling the restrictions imposed on him by Brutus . Antony cautiously ascends to the same pulpit as Brutus , after Brutus speaks , and he says he speaks by permission . He does n ’ t blame the conspirators , but uses the phrase “ honorable men ” with such unmistakable irony that the crowd calls them villains and murderers . His pun , “ O judgment thou has fled to brutish beasts , ” ( Sc . 2 , 106 ) followed by his tears , has an electrifying effect on his audience . Antony manipulates the crowd by showing them Caesar ’ s will , and then telling them he can not read it . He holds off their demands to read it , allowing their emotions to build . Next , Antony , who was not present when Caesar was killed , shows them Caesar ’ s cloak , and dramatically points out where each of the conspirators stabbed . “ Look , in this place ran Cassius ’ dagger through . / See what a rent the envious Casca made . / Through this the well - beloved Brutus stabbed . ” ( Sc . 2 , 186 – 8 ) It is a theatrical ploy , but most effective . The crowd even forgets about the will , until Antony reminds them . He reads the will : “ To every Roman citizen he gives , / To every several man , seventy - five dracmas ( silver coins ) . ” ( Sc . 2 , 255 – 6 ) And , “ Moreover , he hath left you all his walks , / His private arbors , and new - planted orchards , / On this side Tiber . ” ( Sc . 2 , 261 – 3 ) This pushes the crowd into a frenzy that Antony sets loose on Rome . In a move of tactical brilliance , Antony announces himself as a lamb so he can later pounce like a lion : I come not , friends , to steal away your hearts I am no orator , as Brutus is ; But ( as you know me all ) a plain blunt man That loves my friend , and that they know full well That gave me public leave to speak of him . For I have neither writ , nor words , nor worth Action , nor utterance , nor the power of speech To stir men ’ s blood ; I only speak right on . ( Sc . 2 , 228 – 235 ) By creating the illusion that he will not attempt to stir the crowd , he lowers its resistance , opens its heart , and firmly sinks in his teeth . In such a way , Antony easily manipulates the crowd , by claiming he is not the Act III , Scenes 2 and 3 : Summary and Analysis 26 manipulative type . Furthermore , Antony cleverly attributes his own powers of manipulation to the unwitting Brutus by suggesting that he is not an orator like Brutus . Antony ’ s political cunning is obvious , especially in contrast to Brutus ’ sincerity ( albeit misguided ) . Cinna , the poet , becomes the first victim of the mob . He is in the wrong place at the wrong time , drawn there by some unknown , supernatural forces . “ I dreamt tonight that I did feast with Caesar , / And things unluckily charge my fantasy . / I have no will to wander forth of doors , / Yet something leads me forth . ” ( Sc . 3 , 1 – 4 ) He is surrounded by people out for revenge , who ask him many questions but are not interested in his answers . He responds to one of these questions about being married or single , “ Wisely I say , I am a bachelor . ” ( Sc . 3 , 17 ) They then threaten to beat him for implying “ they are fools that marry . ” ( Sc . 3 , 18 – 19 ) Clearly the mob is out for blood . Ultimately they kill him just for being there , using his “ bad verses ” as their justification . Act III ends with Rome in complete chaos and on the brink of civil war . Act IV , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis Octavius : Caesar ’ s nephew and one of the three leaders to rule Rome after his death Lepidus : the third leader to rule Rome after Caesar ’ s death The setting is a house in Rome some time after Caesar ’ s death . The Republic is in turmoil , as Antony predicted . Rome is in the hands of Antony , Octavius , and Lepidus . They are compiling a death list of their political enemies . Antony sends Lepidus to “ fetch ” Caesar ’ s will so they might reduce some of the legacies mentioned by Antony to the citizens in his funeral speech . When Lepidus leaves , Antony tells Octavius that Lepidus is unfit to have so much power . Antony plans to use Lepidus to achieve his political objectives and then cut him off . They talk about Brutus and Cassius , who have fled the country and are raising an army in Greece . Antony and Octavius make plans to muster their own forces to fight them . Act IV addresses the corrupting effects of power . Rome is on the brink of a terrible civil war . Antony has joined forces with Octavius and Lepidus to become one of the three most powerful men in Rome . They are the second triumvirate to rule the Republic . ( Caesar , Pompey , and Crassus were the first . ) To solidify their political power , and because they have many enemies in Rome , they are making a list of Roman senators and citizens they plan to execute . Their decisions are cold and unfeeling . In a political tit - for - tat , Lepidus consents to listing his own brother , provided that Antony agrees to include his nephew . Ironically , their total disregard for life goes beyond anything Brutus feared Caesar might do . Their greed is made more evident in their plan to change Caesar ’ s will for their personal gain . The moral flaw in Antony ’ s character can also be seen when he reveals his contempt for Lepidus . When Octavius calls Lepidus “ a tried and valiant soldier , ” ( 32 ) Antony compares Lepidus to his horse who “ must be taught and trained and bid go forth . ” ( 39 ) It is Antony ’ s intention to use Lepidus as a practical means to his desired end , much as Cassius used Brutus . It is not a flattering picture of the man who rose to great heights in Act III , and who is about to lead Rome into civil war . Act IV , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis 27 Act IV , Scenes 2 and 3 : Summary and Analysis Pindarus : servant to Cassius taken prisoner in Partheia Lucilius : officer in Brutus ’ army Messala : officer in Brutus ’ army Titinius : friend of Cassius and Officer in his army Varro : soldier in Brutus ’ army Claudius : soldier in Brutus ’ army Poet : jester who enters Brutus ’ tent Caesar ’ s Ghost Soldiers The setting is the camp of Brutus in Sardis , Greece . Brutus and his soldiers are awaiting the arrival of Cassius and his army . When Pindarus , a slave to Cassius , brings his master ’ s greetings , Brutus indicates his misgivings about the course of events . He confides to Lucilius , one of his officers , that he has regrets about killing Caesar . As soon as Cassius arrives in camp he begins to quarrel with Brutus . Brutus cautions him that they should not fight in front of the troops they will soon lead into battle , so they move into Brutus ’ tent to continue their argument . Cassius is angry because a friend of his , Lucius Pella , has been punished for taking bribes and Brutus ignored letters that Cassius wrote in the man ’ s defense . Brutus attacks Cassius for defending Pella , and he attacks Cassius ’ own reputation for taking bribes . As their tempers flare , they come to the point of drawing swords . Cassius physically threatens Brutus , who dismisses him as a “ slight man , ” ( Sc . 3 , 40 ) and reminds him that they killed Caesar for the sake of justice and not for personal gain . Brutus is angry because he sent a request to Cassius for money to pay his troops and Cassius refused . Cassius denies refusing the money , and is so disturbed by what Brutus thinks that he offers him his dagger and tells Brutus to kill him . This calms Brutus and he and Cassius shake hands , reaffirming their friendship . Brutus tells Cassius he is distraught because he learned of his wife ’ s death in letters from Rome . Depressed by Brutus ’ flight , she committed suicide . Messala and Titinius , officers in their armies , enter with news from Rome , confirming Portia ’ s death , along with the murder of 70 to 100 Roman senators . Brutus turns their attention back to “ our work alive , ” a battle plan to meet the advancing enemy armies . Brutus wants to march to Philippi , while Cassius thinks they should remain where they are and have their enemies come to them . Brutus argues that they are in unfriendly territory , at the peak of their strength , and they must seize the opportunity before they weaken . Once again Cassius gives in to Brutus , and the decision is Act IV , Scenes 2 and 3 : Summary and Analysis 28 made to set off for Philippi in the morning . While reading a book in his tent Brutus begins to doze . In this twilight of consciousness , the ghost of Caesar appears to him . The ghost says he is Brutus ’ evil spirit , and that he will see Brutus again at Philippi . Before Brutus awakens fully the ghost is gone . Brutus calls Varro and Claudius , soldiers in his army , and tells them to send word to Cassius to move his troops to Philippi at once . As Scene 1 showed the corrupting effects of power on Antony , Octavius , and Lepidus , these scenes indicate the breakdown in the relationship between Brutus and Cassius . The passage of time , the unexpected chaos that has developed in Rome , the reaction of the Roman people , and Cassius ’ behavior have made Brutus wish “ Things done undone . ” ( Sc . 2 , 9 ) Nothing is what he expected . His meeting with Cassius in the camp at Sardis is a confrontation over money , but there are deeper issues addressed during their fight in the tent . Cassius is angry because he thinks Brutus wronged him when he disregarded the letters Cassius wrote in defense of Lucius Pella . Brutus , however , thinks that Cassius wronged himself to sanction bribery . He questions Cassius ’ honesty and accuses him of taking bribes and selling his favors to the highest bidder . Cassius is infuriated , but Brutus , whose motives are always noble , reminds Cassius that they killed Caesar for justice , not for money . Cassius warns Brutus not to bait him or he may do something he will be sorry for . Brutus responds , “ You have done that you should be sorry for , ” ( Sc . 3 , 74 ) meaning the assassination of Caesar . At the point of drawing their swords , Brutus tells Cassius he is not afraid of him . “ There is no terror , Cassius , in your threats , / For I am armed so strong in honesty / That they pass by me as the idle wind , / Which I respect not . ” ( Sc . 3 , 75 – 77 ) He confronts Cassius with the fact that when Brutus needed money to pay his army , Cassius refused to send it to him . Cassius is so troubled by what Brutus says that he calls upon Antony and Octavius to come and avenge themselves on Cassius . Then Cassius offers Brutus his sword and tells him to use it on him : There is my dagger , And here my naked breast ; within , a heart Dearer than Pluto ’ s mine , richer than gold . If thou be ’ st a Roman , take it forth . I that denied thee gold will give my heart . Strike as thou didst at Caesar , for I know When thou didst hate him worst , thou lovedst him better Than ever thou lovedst Cassius . ( Sc . 3 , 111 – 19 ) His words calm Brutus and they shake hands and make up . It is then that Brutus tells Cassius about the unusual circumstances of Portia ’ s death . She committed suicide by swallowing burning coals . Titinius and Messala arrive to make plans for battle . Messala confirms the deaths of Portia and 70 – 100 senators , including Cicero . They are the casualties of the death list compiled by Antony , Octavius , and Lepidus earlier . The rest of the scene serves to show that Brutus is still making the decisions . Despite the objections of Cassius , Brutus convinces them it would be better to march to Philippi . The Sardians become Brutus ’ soldiers due to forced loyalty , and thus , may join the enemy . Brutus says it would be safer to put the Sardians at their backs and march out to meet the enemy . He uses a sea metaphor to make his point : Act IV , Scenes 2 and 3 : Summary and Analysis 29 There is a tide in the affairs of men Which taken at the flood , leads on to fortune ; Omitted , all the voyage of their life Is bound in shallows and in miseries . On such a full sea are we now afloat , And we must take the current when it serves Or lose our ventures . ( Sc . 3 , 249 – 55 ) Throughout the play Brutus has made serious errors in judgment in letting Antony live , and allowing him to speak at Caesar ’ s funeral . It is the decision to march to Philippi however , that will prove to be a fatal mistake for Cassius and Brutus . The scene ends with another appearance of the supernatural , a visit from Caesar ’ s ghost , as Antony predicted earlier in his soliloquy in Act III . But is it really Caesar ’ s spirit Brutus sees as he dozes over a book , or Brutus having qualms of conscience for what he has done ? The apparition foreshadows Philippi , where Brutus will see Caesar ’ s ghost again . Act V , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis The setting is on the battlefield at Philippi . Antony and Octavius , at the head of their armies , are preparing to begin the battle . Through spies Antony knows the enemy is not ready for the fight . A messenger brings word that the battle is at hand . Before the combat , Antony and Octavius go into the field to exchange insults with Brutus and Cassius . They call each other traitors to Rome . Cassius says to Brutus that Antony would not be alive if Cassius had his way on the ides of March . They break off and plan to settle matters with their swords . Cassius confides in Messala that he is reluctant to fight this battle on his birthday . He has seen signs that have convinced him that they are going to lose . But he is resigned to face whatever comes . Cassius and Brutus discuss what they will do if they are defeated . Both agree that they will not be led as captives back to Rome . Although Brutus is opposed to suicide , he will die before he is taken prisoner . They say their final good - byes and prepare for the battle . The battle to decide the fate of Rome is at hand . The growing conflict between Antony and young Octavius is foreshadowed by their exchange prior to the battle . Antony tries to tell Octavius to fight on the left side of the field , but Octavius asserts himself and refuses to be ordered by Antony . When Antony asks him why he opposes him , Octavius responds , “ I do not cross you , but I will do so . ” ( 21 ) In the play the four generals never face one another in a decisive battle or even a fight . Instead , their confrontation is one of words , insults , and accusations , before the war begins . When Antony attacks Brutus and Cassius as villains and flatterers , Cassius takes the opportunity to tell Brutus , “ I told you so . ” “ Now , Brutus , thank yourself ! / This tongue had not offended so today / If Cassius might have ruled . ” ( 49 – 51 ) His instincts about Antony are proven to be correct . Superstition manifests itself again in this scene , as Cassius tells Messala that although he “ held Epicurus strong ” ( did not believe in the supernatural influence on human affairs ) he knows they are going to lose the battle because of the omens he has observed . The mighty eagles once perched on their battle ensigns , fed by his soldiers , have been replaced by ravens , crows and kites , scavengers that feast on corpses and “ Fly o ’ er our heads and downward look on us / As we were sickly prey . ” ( 93 – 4 ) Act V , Scene 1 : Summary and Analysis 30 The farewell between Brutus and Cassius is the last time Brutus will see his brother - in - law alive . Time is running out for both of them . Cassius speaks of the worst case scenario , and both agree that they will kill themselves rather than face defeat at the hands of Antony and Octavius . But win or lose , Brutus is content that whatever the outcome of the day ’ s events , it will end what began on the ides of March . Act V , Scenes 2 and 3 : Summary and Analysis New Character : Cato : Brutus ’ brother - in - law and a soldier in his army The battle begins as Brutus orders Messala to send all of his legions against Octavius ’ army . While Brutus gains the advantage on another part of the field , Cassius is in retreat , surrounded by Antony ’ s forces . Pindarus , the slave of Cassius , enters with a warning for his master to fall back further . But Cassius decides that he has retreated far enough . He asks his friend , Titinius , to ride his horse and determine if the soldiers in his tents are friend or enemy . As Pindarus climbs the hill to report Titinius ’ progress , Cassius considers the real possibility that his life has reached its end on his birthday . Pindarus describes Titinius overtaken and surrounded by horsemen , and as Titinius dismounts , he is captured by the cheering soldiers . Cassius , ashamed that he has lived to see his best friend taken by the enemy , promises to give Pindarus his freedom in exchange for Pindarus ending Cassius ’ life by stabbing him . After Cassius ’ death Pindarus runs from the battlefield , and Titinius , holding a wreath of flowers , returns with Messala and the news of Brutus ’ victory . They discover the body of Cassius and Messala leaves to tell Brutus the bad news . When Titinius is alone with Cassius ’ body , he places the wreath on Cassius ’ head and then he kills himself with Cassius ’ sword , as a final act of loyalty to his friend . When Brutus enters with young Cato and Messala , they find two dead bodies to be mourned . Brutus says that the carnage is the spirit of Caesar , who is “ mighty yet . . . and turns our swords / in our own proper entrails . ” ( Sc . 3 , 105 – 107 ) Since the first fight was not decisive — Cassius was defeated by Antony , while Octavius was defeated by Brutus — preparations are made for the final battle . Throughout the play Brutus has been the noble hero , who has made errors only because of his honesty , moral principles , or political naivete . In this scene Cassius , perhaps the least noble of the main characters in he play , rises in stature . Here , however , he makes the one mistake that will prove fatal . His army is in retreat and on the verge of mutiny . They are surrounded by Antony , when Brutus ’ troops , gaining the advantage over Octavius , stop fighting to loot the dead bodies instead of supporting Cassius ’ army . When Pindarus , the slave Cassius captured years before in Parthia , announces , “ Mark Antony is in your tents , my lord . / Fly therefore , noble Cassius , fly far off , ” ( Sc . 3 , 10 – 11 ) the “ noble ” Cassius is determined to make his stand and not retreat . When Cassius asks his friend Titinius to take his horse and ride down to see who is in his tents , Titinius indicates his love , honor , and respect for Cassius by his quick actions . He is ready and willing to put his own life on the line for his friend . “ I will be here again even with a thought . ” ( Sc . 3 , 20 ) Cassius ’ fatal error comes when he infers from Pindarus ’ account that Titinius was captured by enemy troops . It is another example of how subjective interpretation effects the actions of another . True to his word , Cassius makes good on his pledge to Brutus to commit suicide rather than surrender . He calls on Pindarus to return the kindness Cassius once showed him . When Pindarus was captured in battle , Cassius spared his life , Act V , Scenes 2 and 3 : Summary and Analysis 31 evoking a promise from him to do whatever Cassius asked of him . Now Cassius grants Pindarus his freedom in exchange for stabbing him when his head is turned . It is Pindarus ’ words that express his feelings . He would rather Cassius be alive and remain his slave . “ So I am free , yet would not so have been , / Durst I have done my will . — O Cassius ! — ” ( Sc . 3 , 52 – 53 ) The arrival of Titinius and Messala provides an explanation of the events misinterpreted by Cassius . The troops that surrounded Titinius were Brutus ’ men . Their shout was one of joy . The garland Titinius carries , to be presented to Cassius , is a token of Brutus ’ victory over Octavius . Titinius shows his love for Cassius by his words and his actions . After sending Messala to bring the bad news to Brutus , Titinius kills himself with Cassius ’ sword . His final words are a tribute to his friend . “ Brutus , come apace , / And see how I regarded Caius Cassius . — / By your leave , gods , this is a Roman ’ s part . / Come Cassius ’ sword , and find Titinius ’ heart ! ” ( Sc . 3 , 97 – 100 ) Brutus ’ reaction to their deaths is one of sorrow and tribute . He calls them “ the last of all the Romans ” ( Sc . 3 , 111 ) and says that Rome can never again produce such a breed . Although Cassius is not the tragic hero of the play , in death he has grown in stature . The scene ends with Cassius ’ body being sent to Thasos , a Greek island in the Aegean , to await funeral rites , as Brutus readies his troops to “ try fortune in a second fight . ” ( Sc . 3 , 123 ) Act V , Scenes 4 and 5 : Summary and Analysis Clitus , Dardanus , Strato , and Volumnius : soldiers in Brutus ’ army At the height of the second battle Brutus charges into the field . Young Cato is killed and Lucilius , an officer in Brutus ’ army , is captured . To confuse the enemy soldiers , Lucilius tells them he is Brutus , and offers them money to kill him . Antony identifies their captive and tells the soldiers to keep Lucilius safely under guard . On another part of the field , after hours of fighting , Brutus and his men are in retreat . They have lost the war . Brutus begs Clitus , Volumnius , and Dardanus to assist him in his suicide , but they decline and run off as Antony and Octavius advance . Brutus convinces Strato to hold his sword while Brutus runs onto it and kills himself . Octavius and Antony arrive with Lucilius and Messala under guard . When they ask for Brutus , Strato says his master is safe from capture and humiliation . Octavius offers amnesty for those who served Brutus and takes them into his army , restoring order after the chaos of civil war . Antony praises Brutus , calling him a noble Roman and an honest man , the best of the conspirators . The play ends with Octavius making plans to bury the dead , including Brutus , who will be given an honorable soldier ’ s burial , and spread the news of their great victory . The end arrives as Brutus sees his soldiers and his friends killed or captured . Lucilius is taken by Antony ’ s soldiers . He tries to confuse them by claiming that he is Brutus , to allow the real Brutus to escape . But Antony recognizes him and tells his soldiers , “ Give him all kindness . I had rather have / Such men my friends than enemies . ” ( Sc . 4 , 29 – 30 ) Antony seems to be recruiting allies for a future clash with Octavius . Act V , Scenes 4 and 5 : Summary and Analysis 32 Brutus now realizes he has lost . “ Our enemies have beat us to the pit . / It is more worthy to leap in ourselves / Than tarry till they push us . ” ( Sc . 5 , 27 – 29 ) Brutus is in tears when he pleads for someone to assist him in his plan to kill himself , but Clitus , Dardanus and Volumnius turn down his request as “ not an office for a friend , my lord . ” ( Sc . 5 , 33 ) Brutus says his final farewells , content that he is going to his death knowing that what he did was right for Rome . He is still unaware that he was tricked into the conspiracy by Cassius . He tells his “ poor remains of friends ” “ My heart doth joy that yet in all my life / I found no man but he was true to me . ” ( Sc . 5 , 38 – 39 ) It is Strato who proves to be Brutus ’ best friend , agreeing to hold his sword while Brutus impales himself on the blade . His last words are addressed to Caesar ’ s spirit . “ Caesar , now be still . / I killed not thee with half so good a will . ” ( Sc . 5 , 56 – 57 ) The arrival of Octavius and Antony gives the play closure and restores the world to its rightful order . By granting amnesty to the rebellious soldiers , Octavius ends the civil war that has torn Rome apart . A final peace is made with Brutus , the real tragic hero of the play . Antony honors Brutus and his reputation in death even though he attacked him in life before the battle . He calls him “ the noblest Roman of them all . ” ( Sc . 5 , 74 ) He recognizes that all of the others acted out of envy for Caesar , but Brutus acted for the common good . Antony says of Brutus something he might have said of Caesar in his funeral oration : “ His life was gentle and the elements / So mixed in him that nature might stand up / And say to all the world ‘ This was a man ! ’ ” ( Sc . 5 , 79 – 81 ) With the final words from Octavius — the new Caesar — the Roman world is settled , at least for now , as the play ends . Julius Caesar : Critical Commentary Act I Commentary Scene i : The opening scene of the play is meant to establish the differences of opinion among the Roman citizens and the commoners regarding Julius Caesar . Caesar , who is extraordinarily popular among the common people , excites Rome when he defeats Pompey , who formerly possessed popularity among the Roman masses , in battle . However , not everyone is thrilled at Caesar ' s victory , as Flavius and Marcellus , among the elite of Rome , chastise the people for their celebration and proceed to tear down celebratory decorations , an act which will result in their arrest . The anger and mistrust of Caesar demonstrated by Flavius and Marcellus in this scene reflect the sentiments of the conspirators , who are disturbed by Caesar ' s rise to power and willing to risk punishment to stem it . Scene ii : The action of the play begins in this scene . The first section of the scene begins with Caesar ordering Marc Antony to touch Calphurnia during the chariot race in an effort to cure their marriage of barrenness . Caesar ' s lack of a son is important because he wishes to become king and needs an heir . Octavius , Caesar ' s nephew , will also eventually become Caesar because of this , which is why he is involved in the triumverate . After this order , the soothsayer comes to warn Caesar to " beware the ides of March , " or March 15 . This is the first of several signs or omens that occur during the play , which brings about one of the play ' s central themes — fate and free will . In this case , Caesar dismisses the soothsayer as a " dreamer " and does not question him further about his warning , ignoring the sign being given to him . Caesar will ignore several other omens before his death in Act III due to his own ego , which also surfaces in this first section when he refers to himself in royal terms : " I hear a tongue shriller than all the music / Cry ' Caesar . ' Speak . Caesar is turned to hear " ( ll . 19 - 20 ) . Although Caesar has a great deal of power , he is not a king , and his reference to himself as Caesar belies his great belief in his own power , for he is , as he puts it , " always Caesar . " Julius Caesar : Critical Commentary 33 In the second section of the scene , Cassius attempts to discern Brutus ' position on Caesar as king . This introduces the conspiracy element to the play , as well as Brutus ' love for both his friend Caesar and for his country . Unlike most of Rome , Brutus is not celebrating Caesar ' s victory because he knows that Caesar is almost certain to become king . Although Caesar is already Emperor , it is an appointed military position , and the Roman Senate is the body that holds the true power in Rome . By making Caesar king , Caesar would have absolute power for the rest of his life and then pass down that power to his heir , and the Senate would be at his mercy . Brutus , having been born a " free man , " resists the tyranny that such an appointment could represent , although he loves and values Caesar as his best friend . Cassius also resists the idea of Caesar becoming king , but it is clear in this scene that Cassius resents Caesar ' s rise to power , especially considering that Caesar is epileptic , deaf in one ear , physically weak , and no greater than any other man . Cassius attempts to manipulate Brutus into participating in the conspiracy to come , using Brutus ' love for the empire and his devotion to freedom as means . Brutus , however , is aware of the " dangers " into which Cassius would lead him , and hesitates until he learns from Casca that Marc Antony has tried to give Caesar a crown , which leads him to agree to meet Cassius the next day . The failed coronation leads back to the nature of Caesar ' s character . As reported by Casca , Caesar is offered a laurel or coronet three times in this scene , and refuses all three times . The purpose of this , from Casca ' s view , is to win the crowd ' s approval . Caesar also knows that without the approval of the Roman Senate , the crown means very little , which is why Casca refers to the incident as " mere foolery . " Caesar ' s action here is amplified by a sudden swoon , which leads the masses to feel sorry for him . ( It is not clear whether this swoon is intentional or a result of epilepsy , but it is most certainly well - timed ) . Caesar ' s ability to manipulate the emotions of the Roman public establishes his position as a master politician while striking fear into his political opponents . This incident , combined with Caesar ' s popularity in the Senate and his military power , motivates Cassius into action and leads Brutus in the direction of the conspiracy . Scene iii : More omens open this scene , which takes place during a powerful lightning storm . Casca , whose sour disposition would usually lead him to ignore fantastic events , trembles in fear of the storm , as well as several other strange occurrences happening throughout the city . He tells Cicero of a slave whose left hand burns unscorched , a lion wandering the streets , women who saw men walk in flames , and an owl who shrieked midday in the marketplace . Cicero points out the obvious — something important is about to happen . Cassius also recognizes the importance of the omens around him , and is invigorated by it because he realizes that the omens point to the end of Caesar ' s power , although he notes that the Senate has decided to make Caesar king the next day . It is this resolution that leads Casca to agree to join the conspiracy to kill Caesar before he can be crowned , and Cassius notes that there are several other senators ready to assist in the murder . However , despite the number of " honorable " senators involved in the scheme , the conspirators all realize that Brutus ' participation in the murder is vital . As Caesar ' s best friend and an honorable member of the Senate , Brutus legitimizes the murder because he has no personal or political reason to kill Caesar other than his love for Rome . Cassius continues to manipulate this love by sending Brutus several notes from " citizens " urging Brutus to action . Act II Commentary Scene i : The complication in Act II begins with Brutus , who begins to receive the various notes left by Cassius . Brutus ponders Caesar ' s ambition , which is the main root of his fear that Caesar will become a tyrant . Although Brutus knows that his friend is extremely ambition , he has never seen anything that would indicate that Caesar might become tyrannical if crowned king . However , the mere thought of giving Caesar the opportunity to become a tyrant is enough to frighten Brutus into action . Brutus also notes that the only way to stop Caesar from becoming king is to kill him , and becomes resolved to do this upon reading the letters . Brutus also recalls the soothsayer ' s warning , and realizes that Caesar must be killed the next day ( the ides of March ) before he can be crowned . Act I Commentary 34 When the conspirators arrive , Brutus immediately takes charge of the situation , despite his previous reticence about participating at all . It is Brutus who refuses to let the conspirators swear an oath to kill Caesar , and remind them that shaking hands should be enough to bind them together . Brutus also rejects involving Cicero in the conspiracy despite his good and wise reputation because he does not finish what he starts . Most importantly , Brutus rejects the notion of killing Antony , who Cassius notes is a " shrewd contriver " whose ambition may hurt the conspirators . Despite this , Brutus convinces Cassius to allow Antony to live because they will have killed too many people . Brutus also underestimates Antony in this scene , claiming that Antony is nothing more than a playboy puppet of Caesar . Cassius , of course , proves himself to be correct by the end of Act III — if Antony had been eliminated , the conspirators might well have succeeded in winning over the Roman public to their opinion . However , now that Brutus is committed to the conspiracy , he is the one who will make all of the decisions , whether or not they are accurate ones . Another side of Brutus ' character is revealed in his conversation with Portia . Portia is not the typical Roman wife — she is educated and beautiful , and has , until this point , shared a fairly equal relationship with her husband . Portia notices that Brutus is troubled as opposed to ill , and she begs him to reveal his thoughts to her . She wants to share in Brutus ' troubles , but Brutus insists on protecting her from knowledge of the conspiracy . Although he loves his wife and promises to give her the explanation she seeks , Brutus has already separated himself from her by agreeing to kill Caesar . This separation is what eventually leads to Portia ' s death . By separating himself from his wife , Brutus once again demonstrates that he places his political duty above everything else and does not realize the ramifications of his decisions . Scene ii : While the lightning storm continues , Caesar leaves his bedchamber to see who has come to visit him . Calphurnia , who has spent the night having nightmares of Caesar ' s death , begs him not to leave the house , especially considering that today is the ides of March . Despite the fact that " the heavens blaze forth the death of princes " and the numerous omens that have occurred during the night , Caesar insists on going to the Senate , stating that everything that has threatened him vanishes when he faces them , once again indicating his inflated opinion of his own power . Even when a messenger comes with news from the augurers that he should not leave his house because they could not find a heart within the beast that they sacrificed for a vision of the future , Caesar still insists on going to the Senate . It is only when Calphurnia begs on her knees that Caesar agrees to stay home . This action recalls the previous scene when Portia begs Brutus on her knees to tell her what is troubling him . Both men agree to do what their wives want but never actually follow through on it . In this case , Decius Brutus arrives and flatters Caesar into coming to the Senate House when Caesar reveals to him that Calphurnia has made him agree to stay home . Caesar tells Decius this because he does not want the senators to believe that he is too frightened by all of the omens to come . Decius then reinterprets Calphurnia ' s dream to a more agreeable end and then informs Caesar that the Senate has decided to make him king . Caesar ' s tremendous ego is far too large to resist Decius ' flattering interpretation of the flowing statue , the idea that he might be called a coward for not coming to the Senate , and the coronation that is now emminent , which is why Caesar chooses to go to the Senate House . Scenes iii - iv : These two scenes function to contribute to the rising action leading up to Caesar ' s death . In scene 3 , Artemidorus reveals the conspiracy in a letter to Caesar , hoping to deliver it to him as he passes into the Senate House . In scene 4 , Portia , who suspects that Brutus is plotting to kill Caesar , sends Lucius to his master to see what he is doing . Meanwhile , the soothsayer tells Portia that he , too , will be going to the Senate House to attempt to get Caesar to " befriend himself . " Both scenes create tension because the entire plot of the play hinges on which party gets to Caesar alone first — the conspirators or those who conspire to protect Caesar . Act III Commentary Scene i : Although the conspirators escort Caesar to the Senate House , both Artemidorus and the soothsayer are able to speak with Caesar prior to his entry into the Senate . Caesar brags that the ides of March have come Act II Commentary 35 ( implying that there has been no major incident ) , but the soothsayer reminds him that the day has not yet passed . Despite this , the warning is ignored . Artemidorus fares no better — when he gives Caesar the letter informing him of the conspiracy , Caesar chooses to read the one from Trebonius first , stating that what concerns him personally will be the last issue to be addressed . Although both of these warnings worry Casca , who fears the conspiracy has been discovered , they do not touch Caesar at all because Caesar refuses to see what the conspirators are capable of . The murder of Caesar is couched in an appeal to Caesar . Metellus Cimber begs that his brother , Publius Cimber , be allowed to return to Rome as an enfranchised citizen . Caesar refuses , stating that while lesser men can be flexible , he must be " constant . " He also tells the conspirators that he does not want anyone kneeling before him because he does not want that kind of flattery . Despite this , the conspirators all kneel , and because Caesar refuses to repeal Publius Cimber ' s banishment , Casca begins the murder . Although all of the conspirators stab Caesar , Shakespeare implies that it is Brutus who actually kills him : " Et tu , Brute ? — Then fall , Caesar " ( l . 85 ) . Indeed , it is Brutus who has given legitimacy to this plot , and the conspirators may not have carried it out without him . He is also the one who has taken charge of the conspiracy even though he did not originally want to participate in it . Because of this , the idea that Brutus is the one who actually kills Caesar is at least figuratively correct . Although the conspirators are successful in stopping Caesar from becoming king , they have little idea of how to proceed next , which is evident in their dealings with Antony and the Roman public . Antony , who chooses to flatter Brutus so that he will survive to avenge Caesar , shakes hands with the conspirators , indicating that he will agree to their plans . Cassius , however , is once again suspicious of Antony , and attempts to bribe him with thoughts of power , but this offer is ineffective . Brutus , too moved by the murder that has just occurred and too anxious to justify his actions , tells Antony that there are reasons for Caesar ' s death and that Antony can speak at Caesar ' s funeral if he agrees not to speak against the conspirators ( although censorship is certainly not a part of the freedom and liberty that the conspirators claim they have provided to Rome ) . Cassius , of course , turns out to be correct in his assessment of Antony — Antony intends to avenge Caesar whether he is foresworn or not . Scene ii : The people of Rome have heard the news of Caesar ' s death by this point and insist on an immediate explanation . The crowd , as suggested in Act I , scene 1 by their support of Caesar over Pompey , is easily swayed . They at first yield to Brutus ' " logical " explanation for why the conspirators killed Caesar . Brutus claims that he killed Caesar because of Caesar ' s ambition , which would have resulted in the enslavement of the " free " citizens of Rome . He then points out that the only people who should be offended by Caesar ' s death are those who want to be slaves . Brutus claims that the death of Caesar is necessary for the benefit of Rome and that , should the time come that he is a detriment to his country , he should be put to death as well . The irony here is that Brutus ' actions have resulted in the death of a caesar and the beginning of a civil war , and , as such , have been a great harm to the empire . The public , fickle as always , accepts Brutus ' arguments and demand to make him Caesar . Then , in an attempt to be fair and to " render unto Caesar , " Brutus persuades the crowds to listen to Antony ' s funeral oration . It is by doing this that Brutus makes one of his most fatal errors in the execution of the conspiracy . When Antony speaks , the crowd does not want to listen initially . What changes their minds is the method in which Antony delivers his speech . Instead of trying to convince the public to feel sorry for Caesar , Antony uses reverse psychology by stating that he will not praise him . He then proceeds to mention all of the good Caesar has done , from being a good friend to bringing in money and slaves to helping the poor . While doing this , Antony uses the statement " Brutus says he was ambitious , and Brutus is an honorable man " at first to calm the crowd and later to remind them of the hypocrisy of the conspirators . Antony also uses Caesar ' s manipulation techniques , including dramatic pauses and crocodile tears , to change the crowd ' s opinion . He also gives the public time to consider what he says . What finally motivates the crowd is their own greed — when they discover that the will leaves money to all of the citizens and donates his property to the Act III Commentary 36 general public , their anger leads to rioting . Had Brutus stayed to hear Antony , he might have been able to prevent the crowd from turning against the conspirators . However , the conspirators are forced to flee the city , and Antony goes in search of Octavius , Caesar ' s heir , in order to decide on a plan of action . Scene iii : This scene serves to further portray the violence and illogical nature of the Roman public . When Cinna the poet ( as opposed to Cinna the conspirator ) goes outside despite a warning in a dream that he should stay in , several citizens kill him despite the fact that they know he is not a conspirator simply because they are in a killing mood . After two other scenes highlighting the moods of the Roman public , it is not a surprise that they should do so . The masses turned on Pompey in favor of Caesar despite Pompey ' s tremendous popularity , they turned on Caesar in favor of Brutus after one speech , and they turned on the conspirators in favor of Antony and Caesaar after one more speech ( and a " will " ) . They have also ransacked the city by this point . This is one of the major themes of the play — those who would have power must be able to ingratiate themselves with the masses . It is because Caesar and Antony are master politicians that they are able to succeed and overcome otherwise - popular figures like Pompey and Brutus . Those who can not control popular opinion will end like Pompey and Brutus — destroyed by those more popular than they . Act IV Commentary Scene i : The triumverate of Antony , Octavius , and Lepidus begin this scene much in the same way that the conspirators planned in Act II , scene 1 . They make several decisions about who will live and who will die , citing reasons for each . They also attempt to extract money from Caesar ' s will , despite Antony ' s assurances in Act III , scene 2 that much of the money will go to the general public . Once Lepidus leaves , Octavius and Antony dispute his usefulness . Although Antony criticizes Lepidus as a horse that always needs direction , Octavius comes to his defense because he is a good soldier . Despite Octavius ' young age , he is now Caesar , and he makes it clear in this scene that he will not be brushed aside by Antony despite Antony ' s greater breadth of experience . These tensions foreshadow the problems of Antony and Cleopatra . Scene ii : This scene serves to counterpoint the situation in scene 1 . Like the triumverate , the alliance between Brutus and Cassius does not appear to be as solid as it once was . Lucilius informs Brutus that Cassius does not treat him as well as he once did , indicating that Cassius is angry with Brutus . Indeed , when Cassius appears , he immediately accuses Brutus of wronging him , even though they are still in public . Brutus reminds him that they should speak privately , as a public disagreement is hardly constructive for an army that needs to maintain morale , and that they need to present a united front . They then move to Brutus ' tent . Scene iii : The argument continues in this scene . The accusations that fly back and forth between Brutus and Cassius underscore the tension of the failed conspiracy . Cassius , who killed Caesar out of jealousy and does not worry about being honorable , is angered by Brutus ' morality even though this is the very attribute that made him so valuable to Cassius in the conspiracy plot . Brutus , on the other hand , is angered by Cassius ' pragmatism , although this is what convinced Brutus to kill Caesar . The pressure to win this war is also affecting both men , who are on the run despite believing that they did what was best for their country . The friends do make up and find reasons for their ill humor — Cassius blames his mother , and Brutus tells Cassius that Portia has committed suicide . The next section of the scene deals with military strategy . Although Cassius once again has the better idea by suggesting that they wait on attacking and make the forces of the triumverate find them , Brutus insists that they attack at Phillipi before Octavius and Antony are able to get more soldiers . Brutus ' plan sounds logical , but like his speech in Act III , scene 2 , and his refusal to kill Antony and Act II , scene 1 , Brutus has overlooked the wisdom of Cassius . Cassius points out that it would be better to make Antony and Octavius seek them out because it will tire their forces while their own are able to rest and defend . When Cassius tries to make Brutus see his point , Brutus refuses to listen . Cassius once again agrees to Brutus ' plan , even though Act IV Commentary 37 he knows better than to do so . If Cassius ' ideas had been followed throughout this play , the conspirators might well have controlled Rome . But because Brutus takes over as the head of the conspirators , the conspirators ' plans fail . This failure becomes evident to Brutus in the last section of the scene . The ghost of Caesar appears to Brutus , calling itself Brutus ' " evil spirit . " It then informs Brutus that he will see the ghost again at Phillipi , suggesting that Brutus will die . Brutus , just like Caesar and Cinna the poet , ignores the omen given to him . He knows he will see Caesar at Phillipi , as he indicates on line 330 , but he chooses to do nothing to avoid it . The accuracy of the omens in this play suggests that there are signs that can predict the future but that people refuse to heed them . Act V Commentary Scene i : The discord in the conspirator camp during the last scene is once again paralleled by the disagreement between Octavius and Antony in this scene . Despite his lack of military experience , Octavius correctly predicts that the conspirators would attack at Phillipi , even though Antony thought they would not . Octavius also demands that he be the one to attack from the right side . When Antony asks why Octavius continues to question him , Octavius simply tells him that he is not crossing Antony , but will do as he pleases despite Antony ' s suggestions . It is clear from the opening part of this scene and the previous scene that no matter who eventually wins this battle , there will be no harmony in Rome . Once the two sides have traded insults , Cassius and Brutus reveal more of their character in conversation with Messala and each other . Cassius notes that today is his birthday , and that he is being forced to fight a battle on this day against his will because of Brutus . It is at this point that Cassius reveals that he has begun to believe in omens , having seen the two eagles that had stayed with his legion fly away that very morning . However , Cassius has demonstrated belief in omens before . On the night before Caesar ' s assassination , it is Cassius who is invigorated by the otherwise terrifying occurrences because they signified Caesar ' s downfall . He believed this at the time despite claiming to be a believer in the teachings of Epicurus , who denied the existence of the supernatural . Because Cassius disagrees with Brutus ' strategy in attacking at Phillipi and because he is beginning to believe in omens , Cassius makes his pact with Brutus to ensure that neither one of them will ever be taken prisoner . Scene ii : In Scene 2 , Brutus sees a weakness in Octavius ' forces . Brutus ' assessment of the situation is correct , but he leaves Cassius ' army to the mercy of Antony . While the battle is balanced , this action eventually proves to be another miscalculation that leads to Brutus ' downfall . Scene iii : The results of Brutus ' action in scene 2 manifest themselves in this scene , where Cassius ' army is about to be overcome by Antony ' s forces . When Cassius sends Titinus to see if Brutus has been successful , his servant mistakes Titinus for a soldier that is taken prisoner . Not waiting for word to come from the camp , Cassius , once again believing in bad omens , decides to have his slave Pindarus kill him . Titinus blames this on a " lack of trust , " which has created the destructive situation . This lack of trust , which is also evident between Octavius and Antony , will continue to plague Rome after the battle . Brutus ' reaction to Cassius ' death demonstrates that he has not progressed in his understanding of warfare or the situation at hand . When he sees Cassius ' body , Brutus ' first inclination is to blame Caesar : " O Julius Caesar , thou art mighty yet ; / Thy spirit walks abroad and turns our swords / In our own proper entrails " ( ll . 105 - 107 ) . Given the omens , especially the appearance of Caesar ' s ghost , as well as the expert military advice of Cassius , Brutus should have known not to attack at Phillipi . Instead of taking responsibility for that decision , Brutus blames the power of Caesar , and instead of learning from his military mistakes , he orders a second attack . Act V Commentary 38 Scene iv : In this scene , Antony demonstrates that despite being portrayed as a playboy and a betrayer , he still does have some honor . When Lucilius pretends to be Brutus in order to protect him , Antony orders that he be kept safe and given " all kindness . " Antony orders this because he sees the worth of Lucilius and knows that he deserves to be treated with honor . Antony will demonstrate this again in scene 5 in his description of Brutus . Scene v : The final scene of the play begins with Brutus in defeat . He begs several of his friends to help him kill himself , but their love for him is so strong that they can not bring themselves to do so . This is because , as Brutus notes , he has never in his life found anyone that has betrayed him . This is ironic in that although Brutus loved Caesar , Brutus betrayed Caesar out of good for his country . Brutus ' final lines , " Caesar , now be still . / I killed not thee with half so good a will , " imply that he was more hesitant to kill Caesar in than he is himself now . The honor that Antony shows in scene 4 is evident again in this scene , as is the respect of Octavius . When Octavius and Antony discover that Brutus has committed suicide by his own sword rather than be taken prisoner ( which was considered an honorable way to die by the Romans ) , both Octavius and Antony are respectful of his servants and of him . Octavius takes Strato as a servant , and Antony gives Brutus a short but important eulogy , noting that Brutus , not Caesar , was " the noblest Roman of them all " ( l . 74 ) . Not to be outdone , Octavius orders a proper burial for Brutus , even though Roman military code did not require proper burial of an enemy . Octavius even orders that Brutus ' body lie in his own tent , a type of " lying in state " not usually accorded to traitors . However , despite the solemnity of the moment , Octavius is still determined to celebrate the " glories of this happy day , " even though all of the repercussions of this event have yet to unfold ( Shakespeare leaves that part of the story to Antony and Cleopatra ) . Julius Caesar : Quizzes Act I , Scene 1 : Questions and Answers Study Questions 1 . How does Shakespeare use humor in the opening scene ? 2 . A pun is a play on words , two words that sound alike but have different meanings . Find two examples of puns in the opening lines of the scene . 3 . How does Shakespeare show the political conflict in Rome ? 4 . What is the reason the cobbler tells Flavius and Marullus he is leading the people through the street ? 5 . What is the real reason the people are out in the street ? 6 . What about Pompey is revealed in this scene ? 7 . What information is given about Caesar ? 8 . How does the scene show the fickleness of the crowd ? 9 . Shakespeare often uses comparisons ( metaphor and simile ) and figurative language . What is the comparison Flavius makes in the final lines of the scene ? 10 . What are the intentions of Flavius and Marullus as the scene ends ? Answers 1 . His characters pun , or play with word meanings . They use words that sound alike but have different Julius Caesar : Quizzes 39 meanings . 2 . The word “ cobbler ” has two meanings , shoemaker and bungler . A “ mender of bad soles ” is a reference to shoemaker . This is a play on the word “ souls . ” An awl is a leather punch . It is used with the word “ all . ” Recover means to repair , as in repair shoes . Recover also means to get better as from an illness . 3 . He does this by opening the play with a confrontation between the tribunes and the citizens , two opposing forces in Rome . 4 . The cobbler wants them to wear out their shoes so he will get more work . 5 . They are out to see Caesar and rejoice in his triumph . 6 . Pompey was once loved and respected by the people of Rome . 7 . Caesar was responsible for Pompey ’ s death . 8 . Flavius and Marullus are able to change the mind of the crowd with their words and convince them to disperse . 9 . He compares Caesar to a bird . Driving the crowd from the street will be like plucking feathers from a bird ’ s wing so it can not fly high . 10 . They plan to go through the streets and pull down any banners that honor Caesar . Act I , Scene 2 : Questions and Answers Study Questions 1 . How is Caesar ’ s power indicated in the scene ? 2 . What was the soothsayer ’ s warning ? 3 . What reason does Brutus give Cassius for his coolness towards him ? 4 . What two stories does Brutus tell about Caesar ? 5 . What does Cassius compare Caesar to in lines 142 – 45 ? 6 . What reasons does Caesar give Antony that Cassius is dangerous ? 7 . Why does Casca say Caesar fell ? 8 . What does Brutus mean when he says Caesar has the “ falling sickness ” ? 9 . What does Cassius mean when he says , “ But you , and I / And honest Casca , we have the falling sickness ” ? ( 266 – 67 ) 10 . How does Cassius plan to trick Brutus into joining the plot against Caesar ? Act I , Scene 1 : Questions and Answers 40 Answers 1 . When he tells Antony to touch Calphurnia in the race , Antony says , “ When Caesar says ‘ Do this , ’ it is performed . ” 2 . The Soothsayer warns , “ Beware of the ides of March . ” 3 . Brutus says that he has some private matters on his mind that are troubling him . 4 . Caesar challenged Cassius to a swimming race , and Cassius had to save his life . He also saw Caesar with the fever in Spain , crying like “ a sick girl . ” 5 . He compares Caesar to a giant statue , under whose legs Romans must walk . 6 . He is too thin . He is lean and hungry for power . He does n ’ t sleep . He reads . He is an observer . He does n ’ t smile or go to plays or listen to music . He thinks too much . 7 . Casca says that the bad breath of the crowd knocked Caesar down . 8 . Caesar suffers from epilepsy . 9 . Cassius means that Romans are falling down before Caesar ’ s power . 10 . Cassius plans to forge letters and leave them where Brutus will find them . The letters will convince Brutus that public sentiment is against Caesar . Act I , Scene 3 : Questions and Answers 1 . Why does Casca have his sword drawn ? 2 . What two “ supernatural ” events does Casca describe to Cicero ? 3 . What unusual “ natural ” event does he tell about ? 4 . Why does Casca think these unusual things are happening ? 5 . What information about Caesar is revealed in their conversation ? 6 . How is Cassius ’ conduct in the storm different from Casca ’ s ? 7 . How does Cassius interpret all that is happening in Rome ? 8 . What news does Cinna bring to Cassius ? 9 . Why does Casca think it is important for Brutus to join with them in the plot against Caesar ? 10 . How does Cassius plan to put extra pressure on Brutus at the end of Act I ? 1 . He passed a lion walking in the streets of the Capitol . Act I , Scene 2 : Questions and Answers 41 2 . A slave with his hands on fire was not burned . Men on fire were walking through the streets . 3 . An owl , the bird of night , sat hooting in the marketplace at midday . 4 . The gods are either at war or are trying to destroy the world . 5 . He is going to the Capitol in the morning on the ides of March . 6 . He is unafraid because he is an honest man . He even dares the lightning to strike him . 7 . He says the gods are warning Romans against Caesar . 8 . The other conspirators are assembled at Pompey ’ s Porch and they are awaiting Cassius . 9 . Public opinion of Brutus is favorable , and he will make the killing of Caesar seem like a noble act . 10 . He and Casca and the others plan to go to his house and press him to join them . Act II , Scene 1 : Questions and Answers 1 . What reason does Brutus give in his soliloquy for killing Caesar ? 2 . What do the letters addressed to Brutus say ? 3 . Why ca n ’ t Lucius identify the men with Cassius ? 4 . Why does Brutus oppose the idea of swearing an oath ? 5 . Why does Brutus object to Cicero joining the conspiracy ? 6 . Why does Brutus oppose killing Mark Antony ? 7 . How does Decius plan to get Caesar to the Capitol ? 8 . What advice does Brutus give the conspirators as they leave his house ? 9 . Why does Portia think she is strong enough to share in Brutus ’ plans ? 10 . How does Caius Ligarius prove his high regard for Brutus ? 1 . Brutus justifies killing Caesar for the good of Rome , fearing that he may abuse his power . 2 . The letters urge him to “ speak , strike and redress , ” to act against Caesar . 3 . The men have their hats pulled down and their cloaks pulled up so their faces are hidden . 4 . Brutus feels their cause is good enough to bind them together , and if it is not , they might as well go home and wait for death to take them . Act I , Scene 3 : Questions and Answers 42 5 . He says Cicero will never follow what someone else began . 6 . Their cause would seem too bloody , and they would be considered murderers . He thinks Antony is not dangerous . 7 . He says he will use flattery . 8 . He tells them to look fresh and hide their plans by smiling so their appearances wo n ’ t give them away . 9 . Portia is the daughter of Cato and the wife of Brutus , and she gave herself a voluntary wound in the thigh without crying out . 10 . Ligarius agrees to do whatever Brutus needs him to do without knowing what it may be , even though he is sick . Act II , Scene 2 : Questions and Answers 1 . Why is Caesar concerned when the scene begins ? 2 . What is Calphurnia ’ s request of Caesar ? 3 . What is Caesar ’ s response to Calphurnia ’ s concern he might be killed ? 4 . What was the result of the sacrifice performed by the augurers ? 5 . What reasons does Caesar give Decius for staying home ? 6 . What was Calphurnia ’ s dream ? 7 . How does Decius use flattery to get Caesar to change his mind ? 8 . How does Decius interpret Calphurnia ’ s dream ? 9 . What does Trebonius say when Caesar tells him to stay by ? 10 . What is the irony in Caesar ’ s last lines in the scene ? 1 . A storm is raging and Calphurnia had a dream that Caesar was murdered . 2 . She wants him to stay at home . Calphurnia is afraid for his safety because of the unusual events that are going on and because of her dream . 3 . Caesar ’ s response is , “ Cowards die many times before their deaths ; / The valiant never taste of death but once . ” 4 . The augurers could not find a heart in the beast they sacrificed and they want Caesar to stay at home . 5 . Caesar tells Decius that he is staying home because Calphurnia wants him to . Act II , Scene 1 : Questions and Answers 43 6 . Calphurnia dreamed a statue of Caesar was spouting blood and Romans were washing their hands in it . 7 . Decius interprets Calphurnia ’ s dream in a favorable way . He tells Caesar that people will think Caesar is a coward if he does n ’ t go to the Senate House . He says the senate may change their minds about giving Caesar a crown . 8 . Caesar is the lifeblood of Rome , and Romans , bathing in his blood , derive strength from him . 9 . He says , in an aside , that he will stay so close that Caesar ’ s friends will wish Trebonius had been further away . 10 . He regards the conspirators as friends , having no idea they plan to kill him within the hour . Act II , Scenes 3 and 4 : Questions and Answers 1 . How does Shakespeare add the element of suspense in these two short scenes ? 2 . What is Artemidorus ’ warning ? 3 . What does Artemidorus mean when he says , “ Security gives way to conspiracy ” ? ( Sc . 3 , 7 – 8 ) 4 . How does he plan to give Caesar his letter ? 5 . Why does n ’ t Lucius carry out Portia ’ s request ? 6 . What does Portia mean in her aside , “ O constancy , be strong upon my side ; / Set a huge mountain ‘ tween my heart and tongue . / I have a man ’ s mind but a woman ’ s might . / How hard it is for women to keep counsel ! ” ( Sc . 4 , 7 – 10 ) ? 7 . What does she tell Lucius to do ? 8 . What does the soothsayer tell Portia he plans to do ? 9 . What is Portia ’ s wish for Brutus ? 10 . How does Portia try to cover up being overheard by Lucius ? 1 . He provides Caesar with two possibilities of saving his life : through Artemidorus ’ letter or the soothsayer . 2 . Artemidorus warns Caesar to be on his guard if he is not immortal . 3 . He means that overconfidence on Caesar ’ s part opens the way to conspiracy and death . 4 . He will wait on the street as a suitor looking for some political favor and present the letter to Caesar when he passes . 5 . Portia does not make her intentions clear . Act II , Scene 2 : Questions and Answers 44 6 . She is afraid she will not be able to keep Brutus ’ plans a secret because she is a “ weak ” woman . 7 . Portia tells Lucius to bring back word as to how Brutus looks , what Caesar does , and which suitors present themselves to Caesar . 8 . He will go down the street and speak to Caesar when he comes by and try to warn him about the possible danger . 9 . She hopes the heavens will help him in his enterprise . 10 . She tells him Brutus has a suit ( a request ) that Caesar will not grant him . Act III , Scene 1 : Questions and Answers 1 . Why does Caesar not read Artemidorus ’ letter ? 2 . Why does Cassius think their assassination plan has been discovered ? 3 . Why does Caesar get angry at Metellus ? 4 . What does Brutus tell the frightened senators after Caesar ’ s assassination ? 5 . How does Calphurnia ’ s dream come true ? 6 . What does Antony want from the conspirators ? 7 . What restrictions does Brutus place on Antony when he allows him to speak at the funeral ? 8 . What does Antony predict in his soliloquy ? 9 . What information does the messenger bring to Antony ? 10 . What are Antony ’ s intentions as the scene ends ? 1 . He says because it is personal business it can wait . He puts affairs of state before personal matters . 2 . Popilius Lena wishes him good luck in their enterprise and then he goes and talks to Caesar . 3 . He thinks Metellus is trying to flatter him into changing his mind . Caesar says he can not be swayed . 4 . He says no harm is intended toward anyone else and they should n ’ t be afraid . 5 . Brutus tells the conspirators to bathe their hands and swords in Caesar ’ s blood to mark them as the men who killed Caesar and gave their country freedom . 6 . First he says he wants to die by Caesar if they intend to kill him . Then when he realizes he will be allowed to live , he wants to know why Caesar was killed and to speak at Caesar ’ s funeral . Act II , Scenes 3 and 4 : Questions and Answers 45 7 . Antony may not blame the conspirators for killing Caesar , though he may say good things about Caesar . He must say he speaks by their permission . He must speak from the same place as Brutus after Brutus has first addressed the crowd . 8 . He predicts a bloody civil war , with dead bodies waiting for burial , and revenge for Caesar ’ s death . 9 . Octavius , summoned by Caesar , has arrived outside of Rome . 10 . He plans to stir up the crowd and then send word to Octavius if it is safe for him to enter Rome . Act III , Scenes 2 and 3 : Questions and Answers 1 . How does Brutus justify the killing of Caesar to the people of Rome ? 2 . What is the crowd ’ s reaction to Brutus ’ speech ? 3 . What two reasons does Antony give to prove Caesar was n ’ t ambitious ? 4 . How does Antony use irony in his funeral speech ? 5 . What is the pun Antony uses in line 114 of Scene 3 ? 6 . How does Antony use Caesar ’ s cloak to manipulate the crowd ? 7 . How does Antony say that Caesar died ? 8 . What is the news that the messenger brings to Antony at the end of the scene ? 9 . Why is Cinna out on the streets ? 10 . What is the excuse the mob uses to kill Cinna ? 1 . Caesar was ambitious and Brutus says he killed him because he loved Rome more than Caesar . 2 . They want to erect statues in his honor and make him king . 3 . Caesar was too sensitive and cried when he saw the poor crying . “ Ambition should be made of sterner stuff . ” ( Sc . 2 , 101 ) Also , Caesar refused the crown three times when Antony offered it to him on the feast of Lupercal . 4 . He uses the words “ honorable men ” repeatedly , twisting the meaning so the crowd understands that he means the exact opposite . 5 . He uses the phrase “ brutish beasts , ” a pun on Brutus ’ name and his bestial behavior in killing Caesar . 6 . He points out the rips in the cloak and describes where each of the conspirators stabbed Caesar , even though he was n ’ t there to witness the event . Act III , Scene 1 : Questions and Answers 46 7 . He says that Caesar died of a broken heart when he was stabbed by Brutus who was Caesar ’ s angel ( best friend ) . 8 . Octavius is outside of Rome , and Brutus and Cassius have fled the city . 9 . He is on his way to Caesar ’ s funeral , driven out of doors by some unknown force . 10 . They kill him for writing bad poetry . Act IV , Scene 1 : Questions and Answers 1 . Why are Antony , Octavius , and Lepidus together in the scene ? 2 . How does Shakespeare show their callousness ? 3 . Why does Antony send Lepidus to Caesar ’ s house ? 4 . What is Antony ’ s true opinion of Lepidus ? 5 . Why did Antony pick Lepidus as one of the new leaders of Rome ? 6 . What does Antony compare Lepidus to ? 7 . What is Octavius ’ assessment of Lepidus ? 8 . What is Antony ’ s response to Octavius ? 9 . What news does Antony tell Octavius about Brutus and Cassius ? 10 . Why does Octavius agree with Antony ’ s plan to go after Cassius and Brutus ? 1 . They are making a list of people to be killed in order to tighten their control in Rome . 2 . Lepidus agrees to have his brother placed on the list if Antony agrees to condemn his own nephew . 3 . He sends him for Caesar ’ s will . They plan to reduce what Caesar left to the Roman citizens . 4 . He thinks Lepidus is fit to be sent on errands , but not fit to be one of the three most powerful men in the world . 5 . Antony needs Lepidus to gain favorable public opinion . 6 . He compares him to a mule that carries a load from one place to another and then is turned loose to graze . He also compares him to his horse . 7 . Octavius says Lepidus is an experienced and brave soldier . Act III , Scenes 2 and 3 : Questions and Answers 47 8 . Antony says his horse is also a brave soldier , who must be taught to fight , run , and stop , and be ruled by Antony , as must Lepidus . 9 . They are raising an army in Greece and preparing for war . 10 . He says they are surrounded by many enemies in Rome and those who pretend to be their friends are not . Act IV , Scenes 2 and 3 : Questions and Answers 1 . Why is Brutus concerned about Lucilius ’ account of his meeting with Cassius ? 2 . Why does Brutus tell Cassius to come into his tent ? 3 . Why is Cassius angry with Brutus ? 4 . Why is Brutus angry with Cassius ? 5 . Why does Brutus say he is not afraid of Cassius ’ threats ? 6 . What is the advice given to Cassius and Brutus by the poet ? 7 . What is the news from Rome ? 8 . What are Brutus ’ and Cassius ’ battle plans ? 9 . What reasons does Brutus give for his plan ? 10 . What does the ghost of Caesar tell Brutus ? 1 . It reaffirms Brutus ’ feelings that Cassius ’ friendship seems to be cooling down . 2 . He does n ’ t want their troops to see them fighting . 3 . Brutus disregarded letters Cassius wrote in defense of Lucius Pella , who was accused of taking bribes . 4 . Brutus sent to Cassius for money to pay his soldiers and his request was denied . 5 . Brutus says he is so honest that Cassius ’ threats mean nothing and pass him by like the idle wind . 6 . He tells them to “ Love and be friends as two such men should be . ” ( Sc . 3 , 150 ) 7 . Between 70 and 100 senators , including Cicero , have been killed by Antony , Octavius , and Lepidus . Portia committed suicide by swallowing fire . 8 . Brutus wants to march their armies from Sardis to Philippi and meet the enemy there . Cassius wants to remain where they are and have the enemy come to them . Act IV , Scene 1 : Questions and Answers 48 9 . He says the Sardians are not friendly . Their armies are at peak strength , and if they delay they will weaken . He says the opportunity to act is at hand , and if they do not take it , they will miss their chance for success . 10 . The ghost says it is Brutus ’ evil spirit , and that it will see Brutus again at Philippi . Act V , Scene 1 : Questions and Answers 1 . What does Octavius report to Antony in the opening lines of the scene ? 2 . What is the cause of the disagreement between Antony and Octavius ? 3 . How does Antony insult Cassius and Brutus ? 4 . What is Cassius ’ response to Antony ’ s insult ? 5 . Why is Cassius reluctant to fight the battle ? 6 . What are the omens he has observed ? 7 . Why would it be ironic if Cassius dies in the battle ? 8 . What is Brutus ’ attitude concerning suicide ? 9 . What is Brutus ’ response when Cassius asks if he is “ contented to be led in triumph / Thorough the streets of Rome ? ” ( 119 – 20 ) 10 . Why is Brutus anxious for the battle to begin ? 1 . The enemy is preparing to attack before Antony and Octavius are ready . 2 . Antony tells Octavius to fight on the left side of the field , but Octavius says no . 3 . He calls them villains and flatterers . 4 . Cassius tells Brutus he should have listened to him and killed Antony when they killed Caesar . 5 . From the signs and omens he is sure they will lose . 6 . The eagles that were perched on their battle flags flew away and were replaced by ravens , crows , and kites , birds that feed on dead bodies . 7 . It is his birthday . 8 . He condemned his father - in - law , Cato , for killing himself rather than live under Caesar . He thinks it cowardly and vile to commit suicide in fear of what may happen in the future . 9 . Brutus says he will never go back to Rome as a prisoner . Act IV , Scenes 2 and 3 : Questions and Answers 49 10 . Win or lose , he wants to end the work that began on the ides of March . Act V , Scenes 2 and 3 : Questions and Answers 1 . What order does Brutus give Messala in the battle ? 2 . How does Cassius try to prevent the retreat ? 3 . What news does Pindarus bring the retreating Cassius ? 4 . Why does Cassius ask Pindarus to describe Titinius ’ ride instead of doing so himself ? 5 . What does Pindarus describe ? 6 . What request does Cassius make of Pindarus ? 7 . What is ironic about the way Cassius dies ? 8 . What is the message Titinius has for Cassius ? 9 . How does Titinius show his high regard for Cassius ? 10 . Why does Brutus plan to send Cassius ’ body to Thasos for burial ? 1 . Brutus tells him to ride and order his army to attack Octavius ’ flank ( wing ) . 2 . He killed his own ensign ( flag carrier ) when the soldier retreated , causing Cassius ’ troops to follow the flag . 3 . Antony ’ s troops are in Cassius ’ tents . 4 . He says that he has bad eyesight . 5 . Titinius is surrounded . He is taken and the soldiers shout for joy at his capture . 6 . He asks Pindarus to kill him in exchange for his freedom . 7 . He is killed on his birthday by the same sword that killed Caesar . 8 . Brutus has won his battle , and he brings a wreath of victory to present to Cassius . 9 . He kills himself with Cassius ’ sword . 10 . He does n ’ t want his army to become depressed because of Cassius ’ death as they plan for the final battle . Act V , Scene 1 : Questions and Answers 50 Act V , Scenes 4 and 5 : Questions and Answers 1 . What happens to young Cato ? 2 . How does Lucilius try to confuse the enemy troops ? 3 . What does Lucilius request of the two soldiers ? 4 . What does Antony do when he recognizes Lucilius ? 5 . Why does Brutus say he wants to commit suicide ? 6 . What is the one thing Brutus says he is happy about before he dies ? 7 . How does Brutus die ? 8 . How does Strato answer Messala ’ s inquiry about Brutus ? 9 . How does Octavius restore order to Rome after the battle ? 10 . How does Antony regard Brutus at the end of the play ? 1 . He is killed in the battle . 2 . Lucilius tells his capturers that he is Brutus . 3 . He offers them money and asks them to kill him . 4 . He tells his men to treat Lucilius well and keep him safe because he wants him as a friend . 5 . He uses the metaphor of a pit . His enemies have forced them to the edge and it is more noble to jump in than be pushed in . 6 . Brutus is happy that in all his life his friends have been truthful and honest with him . The irony is that he was tricked by Cassius into joining the conspiracy against Caesar . 7 . Strato holds his sword and Brutus runs onto it , stabbing himself . 8 . He tells him that Brutus is safe from bondage ( captivity ) , and that he was not conquered by his enemy . Brutus only conquered himself . 9 . He gives amnesty to those who fought on the side of Brutus , and he invites them into his army . 10 . He calls him a noble Roman who did what he thought was right . He was the only one who acted against Caesar for unselfish reasons , the common good . Act V , Scenes 4 and 5 : Questions and Answers 51 Julius Caesar : Essential Passages Essential Passage by Character : Brutus BRUTUS : It must be by his death , and , for my part , I know no personal cause to spurn at him , But for the general . He would be crown ' d : How that might change his nature , there ' s the question . It is the bright day that brings forth the adder And that craves wary walking . Crown him ? that ; And then , I grant , we put a sting in him That at his will he may do danger with . The abuse of greatness is when it disjoins Remorse from power , and , to speak truth of Caesar , I have not known when his affections sway ’ d More than his reason . But ' tis a common proof That lowliness is young ambition ' s ladder , Whereto the climber - upward turns his face ; But when he once attains the upmost round , He then unto the ladder turns his back , Looks in the clouds , scorning the base degrees By which he did ascend . So Caesar may ; Then , lest he may , prevent . And , since the quarrel Will bear no color for the thing he is , Fashion it thus , that what he is , augmented , Would run to these and these extremities ; And therefore think him as a serpent ' s egg Which hatch ' d would as his kind grow mischievous , And kill him in the shell . Act 2 , Scene 1 , Lines 10 - 34 Julius Caesar has returned from his victorious battle against Pompey in the Roman civil war . It is the feast of Lupercalia , a fertility rite , and Caesar has told his wife , Calpurnia , to stand in the path of Caesar ’ s loyal friend Mark Antony , who runs in the race , for people believed if a woman is touched by a runner during this rite she will become pregnant . The implication is that Caesar expects to be made a king , and he is eager for a son who might inherit his title . A soothsayer ominously tells Caesar , “ Beware the ides of March ” ( which is the next day ) , and this second instance of superstition increases the suspense that something is going to happen to Caesar . In fact , some of Caesar ’ s generals and noblemen are worried that the mob will try to make Caesar king and that he will accept the honor . Cassius , a senator who distrusts Caesar ’ s ambitions and resents the adulation bestowed on him , hints to Brutus , another great friend of Caesar ’ s , that he should participate in a plot to assassinate Caesar , hoping that Brutus ’ s reputation for virtue and wisdom will lend moral weight to the cause . Cassius tells Brutus he has noticed he looks worried and then suggests he must be worried about Caesar , because he is too . “ The fault , dear Brutus , is not in our stars / But in ourselves , that we are underlings , ” he tells him ( 1.2.146 - 147 ) , trying to convince Brutus to take responsibility for preserving a free Rome . After he hears that Caesar was offered the crown three times , including once by Antony , Brutus tells Cassius he will think about the idea . Late that night , Cassius meets with Casca and Cicero , two other conspirators . The night is stormy , and Casca says he has seen many unnatural sights on his way to their Julius Caesar : Essential Passages 52 meeting , including a slave with a burning hand and a lion that glared at him . Meanwhile , unable to sleep during the storm , Brutus is in his orchard , meditating on whether to join in Cassius ’ s plot against Caesar . He has always admired Caesar and considered him a good leader , but he wonders whether Caesar would continue to be just and honorable if he is granted the tremendous authority of kingship . After concluding that Caesar will indeed be corrupted by power , as Cassius has suggested , he receives a letter from the conspirators that firms his decision to lead them in assassinating Caesar . Some think the play should be called The Tragedy of Marcus Brutus because Brutus , not Caesar , is the tragic hero here . Brutus is a great man , which we see by the fact that Cassius and the other conspirators need him in their plot to kill Caesar . However , like all tragic heroes , Brutus has flaws : idealism and poor judgment . He allows Cassius to convince him that Caesar as king would corrupt Rome without considering the consequences of an assassination — chaos and war . Even worse , he assumes Cassius ’ s motives are noble because his own are . However , Cassius ’ s method of convincing him might be suspect , which we see in Act 1 when he tells Brutus , “ Since you know you can not see yourself / . . .I . . . / Will modestly discover to yourself / That . . .which you yet know not of ” ( 1.2.72 - 75 ) . In other words , Cassius tells Brutus , “ You do n ’ t seem to know what you are thinking , so allow me to tell you . ” And he tells him that Caesar should not be made king because he is only a man , not greater than they , and should therefore not rule over them . With Cassius ’ s suggestions planted firmly in his mind , Brutus makes his decision about killing Caesar in terms of his feelings — what he thinks about “ human nature ” — rather than basing it on an astute political consideration of the consequences of such a deed and the baser motives , including envy , that Cassius might have in suggesting it . Nor does he have a strong logical argument ; instead , he uses analogies from nature to arrive at his conclusion to kill Caesar . The monologue in the quoted passage above enacts Brutus ’ s internal conflict . He worries that Caesar will “ disjoin remorse from power , ” which means he would become cold and
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