Search is not available for this dataset
query
stringlengths 1
13.4k
| pos
stringlengths 1
61k
| neg
stringlengths 1
63.9k
| query_lang
stringclasses 147
values | __index_level_0__
int64 0
3.11M
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
what is Peripheral system | Peripheral nervous system: The portion of the nervous system that is outside the brain and spinal cord. Abbreviated PNS. The nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) to sensory organs, such as the eye and ear, and to other organs of the body, muscles, blood vessels, and glands.The peripheral nerves include the 12 cranial nerves, the spinal nerves and roots, and the autonomic nerves.he nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) to sensory organs, such as the eye and ear, and to other organs of the body, muscles, blood vessels, and glands. | Schwann cells support peripheral nerves,support cells in peripheral ganglia are... What is a neuron ? Neurons are responsive cells in the nervous system that process and transmit... | eng_Latn | 11,300 |
what is nerve impulse | A nerve impulse is the relaying of a coded signal from a nerve cell to an effector (a muscle cell, a gland cell or another nerve cell) in response to a stimulus. | 16. An action potential, which is the nerve impulse, occurs when a threshold is reached. Upon stimulation, the sodium gates open, Na+ flows into the axon, and the action potential swings up from -65mV to +40 mV. During depolarization the inside of the fiber becomes positive as Na+ enters.. The axon of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. Neurons that conduct messages from a sense organ to the central nervous system are called sensory, or afferent neurons. Those neurons that conduct an impulse from the CNS to a muscle or gland are called. motor, or efferent, neurons. | eng_Latn | 11,301 |
which part of the nervous system consists of all of the spinal nerves and cranial nerves | Depending on the originating place (either brain or spinal cord), peripheral nervous system can be classified into two categories; namely, cranial nerves and spinal nerves. Along these two types of nerves that arise from brain and spinal cord, central nerve system communicates with the rest of the body. | Together, the nerves make up the peripheral nervous system, as distinguished from the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, which carry messages to and from the brain. Spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord and pass out between the vertebrae. | eng_Latn | 11,302 |
sensory neuron definition | primary sensory neuron. A sensory neuron that is the first in an afferent pathway, beginning at the receptor and ending at a synapse with a secondary sensory neuron, often within a nucleus of the central nervous system. One common type is the pseudounipolar neuron. 1 pseudounipolar neuron. secondary sensory neuron. | Four types of sensory neuron. Sensory neurons also known as afferent neurons are neurons that convert a specific type of stimulus, via their receptors, into action potentials or graded potentials. This process is called sensory transduction. The cell bodies of the sensory neurons are located in the dorsal ganglia of the spinal cord. | eng_Latn | 11,303 |
define basal ganglia | Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Basal ganglia. The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei of varied origin in the brains of vertebrates that act as a cohesive functional unit. They are situated at the base of the forebrain and are strongly connected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and other brain areas. | basal lamina. n. The ventral division of the lateral walls of the neural tube in the embryo, containing the neuroblasts that give rise to the somatic and visceral motor neurons. | ita_Latn | 11,304 |
where in the body would you find a glial cell | What Are Glial Cells. Glial cells are known by many names-neuroglia or glia to name just a few. In the past, they were sometimes mistaken for brain cells but they're completely different. They're nervous system cells that are found in your brain and spinal cord. | Glial cell: A supportive cell in the central nervous system. Unlike neurons, glial cells do not conduct electrical impulses. | eng_Latn | 11,305 |
what would normally be found immediately surrounding central canal of the spinal cord | The grey matter also has a histologically visible central canal running through it. The ventral horns of the grey matter contain the cell bodies of motor neurones whilst the dorsal horns contain sensory neurons where the cell bodies are found in the dorsal root ganglia. Please see sensory pathways for further information on the composition of nerve fibres within the spinal cord. | The white matter of the spinal cord contains: Large amount of myelinated and unmyelinated axons: The area of the spinal cord that surrounds the central canal and is dominated by the cell bodies of neurons and glial cells is the: white matter: The posterior gray horns of the spinal cord contain: somatic and visceral sensory nuclei | eng_Latn | 11,306 |
which part of the neuron is responsible for cell metabolism | 5. Mitochondrium-this is the part of the cell responsible for the supply of energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Neurons need an enormous amount of energy. The brain is one of the most metabolically active tissues in the body.In man, for example, the brain uses 40 ml of oxygen per minute.t is from here that the electrical firing known as an action potential usually occurs. 5. Nerve Ending (Presynaptic Terminals) Synapses are the junctions formed with other nerve cells where the presynaptic terminal of one cell comes into 'contact' with the postsynaptic membrane of another. | Neurons have three main parts: 1 Cell body or Soma: it is the main part of the cell, the one that makes all metabolism and functions. Axon: it is the longest and most important part of the neuron, it transmit the impulse. | eng_Latn | 11,307 |
extensor muscles of the hand that are innervated by radial nerve | Extrinsic muscles of the hand innervated by the radial nerve. extensor digitorum communis (EDC), extensor digiti minimi (EDM), extensor indicis, extensor pollicis longus (EPL), extensor pollicis brevis (EPB), abductor pollicis longus (APL). | The radial nerve (and its deep branch) provides motor innervation to the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm, which are mostly extensors.he radial nerve originates as a terminal branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. It goes through the arm, first in the posterior compartment of the arm, and later in the anterior compartment of the arm, and continues in the posterior compartment of the forearm. | eng_Latn | 11,308 |
approximately how many neurons are in the brain? | A neuron is a nerve cell. The brain is made up of approximately 100 billion neurons. Neurons are similar to other cells in the body in some ways such as: Neurons are surrounded by a membrane. Neurons have a nucleus that contains genes. Neurons contain cytoplasm, mitochondria and other organelles. | Scientists estimate that the human nervous system has as many as 1,000 billion neurons (which is more neurons than there are stars in the Milky Way!). Taken from http://www.humanillnesses.com/Behavioral... | eng_Latn | 11,309 |
what are the cranial nerve names? | The 12 cranial nerves each have a name and corresponding Roman numeral. 1 I is the olfactory nerve. 2 II is the optic nerve. 3 III is the oculomotor nerve. 4 IV is the trochlear nerve. 5 V is the trigeminal nerve. 6 VI is the abducens nerve. 7 VII is the facial nerve. | Medical Definition of Cranial nerves. Cranial nerves: The nerves of the brain, which emerge from or enter the skull (the cranium), as opposed to the spinal nerves, which emerge from the vertebral column. There are 12 cranial nerves, each of which is accorded a Roman numeral and a name: Cranial nerve I: the olfactory nerve. | eng_Latn | 11,310 |
pacinian corpuscle definition | A Pacinian corpuscle is a type of touch receptor located in the skin. It is classed as a mechanoreceptor, meaning it is part of the group of sensory receptors that respond to touch and pressure.lthough there are similarities between the two, a Pacinian corpuscle is not as discriminatory as the type of fine-touch mechanoreceptor present in the fingertips, known as Meissner's corpuscle. This type of sensory receptor lies closer to the surface of the skin and adapts only moderately fast. | The sensory receptors in the skin, such as Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles, as well as free nerve endings, are classified as general sensory receptors. In slides 21 and 35 of the skin, sensory nerve endings are inside Pacinian and Meissner's corpuscles. 2 Pacinian or lamellar corpuscles, which are encapsulated receptors for deep pressure, are found in the dense connective tissue of the dermis below the epithelium in slide 21. | eng_Latn | 11,311 |
which branch of a spinal nerve is the widest in diameter | The sciatic nerve is the longest and largest nerve in the body; it measures three-quarters of an inch in diameter. It originates in the sacral plexus; a network of nerves in the low back (lumbosacral spine). The lumbosacral spine refers to the lumbar spine and the sacrum combined.he sciatic nerve starts in your low back, which is called your lumbar spine. The nerve roots are at the L4 and L5 vertebrae (the 'L' means lumbar, and the numbers indicate the level of the vertebraâwhere it is in your back). The sciatic nerve also travels through your pelvic region (sacrum). | The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve. It contains motor and sensory fibers and, because it passes through the neck and thorax to the abdomen, has the widest distribution in the body. It contains somatic and visceral afferent fibers, as well as general and special visceral efferent fibers. (See Table 1, below.) | eng_Latn | 11,312 |
is the nerve cell able to send electrochemical impulses | In other cells, such as gland cells and ciliated cells, it is believed that the membrane voltage is important to the execution of cell function. The origin of the membrane voltage is the same in nerve cells as in muscle cells. In both cell types, the membrane generates an impulse as a consequence of excitation.This impulse propagates in both cell types in the same manner. What follows is a short introduction to the anatomy and physiology of nerve cells.ells are specialized in their anatomy and physiology to perform different tasks. All cells exhibit a voltage difference across the cell membrane. Nerve cells and muscle cells are excitable. Their cell membrane can produce electrochemical impulses and conduct them along the membrane. | 1 Transmit nerve impulses: Nerves are able to transmit impulses along the length of the nerve cell in the form of an electrical signal (like power lines). 2 These electrical signals move from one end of the nerve cell to another and can pass from nerve to nerve (power pole to power pole). Receive signals: Nerves receive signals because they are irritable, meaning that they can respond to a stimulus. 2 Once a stimulus is received by a nerve cell it converts it to a neural impulse which passes along the nerve. | eng_Latn | 11,313 |
is the spinal cord an interneuron | Anatomy. The Cell body of the Ia interneuron is located inside the spinal cord in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. There are two types of these cell types in the body. One is of course the Ia Interneuron while the second one is the Ib Interneuron. [1 ]. | Reflex Arc. 1 A sensory receptor detects a stimulus. 2 A sensory neuron conducts action potentials through the spinal nerve and dorsal root to spinal cord. 3 in the spinal cord,the sensory neuron synapses with an interneuron. 4 The interneuron synapses with motor neuron. | eng_Latn | 11,314 |
what kind of sensory neurons are found in the retina | Bipolar neurons are relatively rare. They are sensory neurons found in olfactory epithelium, the retina of the eye, and ganglia of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Multipolar neurons are the most common type of neuron. They are located in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and in autonomic ganglia. | Unipolar neurons are sensory neurons - conducting impulses into the central nervous system. Bipolar neurons have two processes - one axon & one dendrite. These neurons are also sensory. For example, biopolar neurons can be found in the retina of the eye. | eng_Latn | 11,315 |
define ganglion | Note the axons growing out of the ganglion. A ganglion is a nerve cell cluster or a group of nerve cell bodies located in the autonomic nervous system and sensory system. Ganglia house the cells bodies of afferent nerves and efferent nerves. A pseudoganglion looks like a ganglion but only has nerve fibers and has no nerve cell bodies. | 2. [pl.] celiac ganglia. sensory ganglion any of the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system that transmit sensory impulses; also, the collective masses of nerve cell bodies in the brain subserving sensory functions. simple ganglion a cystic tumor in a tendon sheath. ganglion is a non-cancerous cyst filled with a thick, jelly-like fluid. Ganglions can develop on or beneath the surface of the skin and usually occur between the ages of 20 and 40. Most ganglions develop on the hand or wrist. | eng_Latn | 11,316 |
what is the function of a neuron quizlet | Neurons with many processes leading from the cell body; most of these processes are dendrites, but one may be an axon. bipolar neuron. A neuron with two main processes leading from the cell body, one of which conveys signals toward the cell body, and one of which conveys signals away from the cell body. | A neuron (/ËnjÊÉrÉn/ NYEWR-on or /ËnÊÉrÉn/ NEWR-on; also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.These signals between neurons occur via synapses, specialized connections with other cells.t the majority of synapses, signals are sent from the axon of one neuron to a dendrite of another. There are, however, many exceptions to these rules: neurons that lack dendrites, neurons that have no axon, synapses that connect an axon to another axon or a dendrite to another dendrite, etc. | eng_Latn | 11,317 |
which of the following is not a function of neurons | These signals between neurons occur via synapses, specialized connections with other cells. Neurons can connect to each other to form neural networks. Neurons are the core components of the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS), and of the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).f the voltage changes by a large enough amount, an all-or-none electrochemical pulse called an action potential is generated, which travels rapidly along the cell's axon, and activates synaptic connections with other cells when it arrives. Neurons do not undergo cell division. | A neuron consists of a cell body (perikaryon) and its processes, an axon and one or more dendrites. Neurons function in the initiation and conduction of impulses. They transmit impulses to other neurons or cells by releasing neurotransmitters at synapses.he dendrites receive stimuli from other nerves or from a receptor organ, such as the skin or ear, and transmit them through the neuron to the axon. The axon conducts the impulses to the dendrite of another neuron or to an effector organ that is thereby stimulated to action. | eng_Latn | 11,318 |
which cranial nerve carries hearing and equilibrium sensory information to the brain | The auditory nerve and the vestibular nerve, which carries balance information from the semicircular canals to the brain, join together as they pass through the bony canals of your skull. Together, they are called the 8th cranial nerve, or the Vestibulocochlear nerve. | Another cranial nerve (the vagus nerve, X) carries taste information from the back part of the mouth. The cranial nerves carry taste information into the brain to a part of the brain stem called the nucleus of the solitary tract.From the nucleus of the solitary tract, taste information goes to the thalamus and then to the cerebral cortex.nother cranial nerve (the vagus nerve, X) carries taste information from the back part of the mouth. The cranial nerves carry taste information into the brain to a part of the brain stem called the nucleus of the solitary tract. | eng_Latn | 11,319 |
medical definition of synaptic knob | Axons usually have thousands of terminal branches that each end as a bulbous enlargement called a synaptic knob or synaptic terminal. Synaptic knobs contain several membrane-bounded synaptic vesicles that are 40 to 100 nanometers in diameter. | The dendrites donât have terminating knobs at the end of it. The axons are what conduct action potentials away from the cell body. The axon is not an axon because itâs long, itâs an axon because of the existence of synaptic knobs at the axon terminals. When the axon conducts action potentials away from the cell body and the signal goes to the synaptic knob, itâs going to release a neurotransmitter in response to the electrical signal. | eng_Latn | 11,320 |
what is a vagus nerve | The vagus nerve is one of the 12 cranial nerves, which conduct impulses between the brain and other parts of the brain and va rious body structures, mostly in the head and neck. The vagus nerve-the longest of the cranial nerves-also extends to organs in the chest and abdomen. | The vagus nerve is the key instrument of the parasympathetic system. Beginning in the medulla oblongata, the nerve travels to all of the organs of the body sending signals to and from the brain. The two previous posts provide lots of information about the vagus nerve and how to activate the relaxation response. | eng_Latn | 11,321 |
what is the vagus nerve | The vagus nerve is one of 12 cranial nerves. It is the longest of the cranial nerves, extending from the brainstem to the abdomen by way of multiple organs including the heart, esophagus, and lungs. | vagus - a mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal viscera. nervus vagus, pneumogastric, pneumogastric nerve, tenth cranial nerve, vagus nerve, wandering nerve. cranial nerve - any of the 12 paired nerves that originate in the brain stem. | eng_Latn | 11,322 |
number of cranial nerves in mammals | In higher vertebrates, such as reptiles, birds and mammals, there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves. Lower vertebrates, such as fish and amphibians, have 10 pairs of cranial nerves. Continue Reading. | Twelve pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the underside of the brain, pass through openings in the skull, and lead to parts of the head, neck, and trunk. The nerves are named and numbered, based on their location, from the front of the brain to the back. Thus, the olfactory nerve is the 1st cranial nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve is the 12th cranial nerve. | eng_Latn | 11,323 |
what factors determine nerve conduction velocity | A nerve conduction study (NCS), also called a nerve conduction velocity (NCV) test--is a measurement of the speed of conduction of an electrical impulse through a nerve.NCS can determine nerve damage and destruction. During the test, the nerve is stimulated, usually with surface electrode patches attached to the skin.he nerve conduction velocity (speed) is then calculated by measuring the distance between electrodes and the time it takes for electrical impulses to travel between electrodes. A related procedure that may be performed is electromyography (EMG). | A nerve conduction study (NCS), also called a nerve conduction velocity (NCV) test--is a measurement of the speed of conduction of an electrical impulse through a nerve.NCS can determine nerve damage and destruction.During the test, the nerve is stimulated, usually with surface electrode patches attached to the skin. nerve conduction study (NCS), also called a nerve conduction velocity (NCV) test--is a measurement of the speed of conduction of an electrical impulse through a nerve. | eng_Latn | 11,324 |
is hypoglossal nerve part of which nerve? | The hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve XII, and innervates muscles of the tongue.he hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve XII, and innervates muscles of the tongue. | The extrinsic muscles innervated by the hypoglossal are the styloglossus, hyoglossus, and genioglossus muscles. (A fourth extrinsic muscle, the palatoglossus, is the only tongue muscle not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve.).The two different motor functions of extrinsic tongue muscles, protrusion and retraction, are controlled by separate parts of the hypoglossal nerve.he areas innervated by the hypoglossal nerve consist of almost all the muscles of the tongue. Find out the details of the hypoglossal nerve's function. slide 1 of 5. The hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth and final cranial nerve (XII). | eng_Latn | 11,325 |
what are the major organs (parts) of the nervous system? | In Depth: Nervous. The nervous system has two major parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The central system is the primary command center for the body, and is comprised of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system consists of a network of nerves that connects the rest of the body to the CNS. The two systems work together to collect information from inside the body and from the environment outside it. | The nervous system can be divided into two parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system consists of sensory and motor nervous cells that run throughout the rest of the body.Neurons are responsible for sending, receiving, and interpreting information from all parts of the body. neuron consists of two major parts: Axons and dendrites are bundled together into what are called nerves. These nerves send signals between the brain, spinal cord, and other body organs via nerve impulses. Nerve impulses are received at the neuronal dendrites and are carried along the axon to the terminal branches. | eng_Latn | 11,326 |
The junction between an axon and a muscle fiber is called a | The junction between a motor neruon's axon and the muscle cell membrane is called a neuromuscular junction or a myoneural junction? | Neuromuscular junction can be defined as a synapse the motor neuron and the muscle fiber. Actually the synapse occurs between the âsynaptic end bulbsâ of the motor neuron and âmotor end plate â of muscle fiber.ynaptic end bulbs: As the axon of the motor neuron enters the skeletal muscle, it forms many branches called axon terminals. At the end of each axon terminal, there is a bulbous swelling called âsynaptic end bulbâ. | eng_Latn | 11,327 |
what is axum | Axum or Aksum (Tigrinya: á£á½á±á /axsum/, Amharic: á áá±á /aksum/) is a city in the northern part of Ethiopia. The town has a population of 56,500 residents (2010), and is governed as an urban wäräda. The original capital of the Kingdom of Aksum, it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in Africa. Axum was a naval and trading power that ruled the region from about 400 BCE into the 10th century. In 1980 UNESCO added Aksum's archaeological sites to its list of World Heritage Sites due to their historic value. | An axon (from Greek á¼Î¾Ïν axÅn, áxÅn), axis is a, long slender projection of a nerve, cell or, neuron that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the'neuron s cell. Body myelinated axons are known as nerve. fibersxon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons. An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites. | eng_Latn | 11,328 |
in what part of the neuron does the action potential typically initiate? | Once the cell reaches a certain threshold, an action potential will fire, sending the electrical signal down the axon. Action potentials either happen or they don't; there is no such thing as a partial firing of a neuron. This principle is known as the all-or-none law. | A typical neuron has characteristic features: a cell body, dendrites and an axon. The axon projects from the cell body and makes contact with a target cell at the synapse. A neuron is stimulated by signals, chemical and electrical, to initiate an action potential (a rapid and reversible change in membrane potential). In the absence of a signal, the resting potential of the neuron is maintained by the potassium leak channels, which allow the flow of potassium ions out of the cell, resulting in a more negative charge in the cell when compared to outside the cell. | eng_Latn | 11,329 |
what is a reflex action? | Reflex actions. When a receptor is stimulated, it sends a signal to the central nervous system, where the brain co-ordinates the response. But sometimes a very quick response is needed, one that does not need the involvement of the brain. This is a reflex action. Reflex actions are rapid and happen without us thinking. For example, you would pull your hand away from a hot flame without thinking about it. The animation below allows you to step through each stage of the reflex arc. Your web browser does not have JavaScript switched on at the moment. | 1 Also called reflex act. movement caused by a reflex response. Also called reflex action. the entire physiological process activating such movement. | eng_Latn | 11,330 |
definition of sensory neurons | The sensory neurons are nerves that have a receptor which gathers information about environmental stimuli in order to send this information to the central nervous system. Sensory neurons are able to send information that our organs, such as our skin, intestines, eyes, and so forth, gather from our surroundings. | Sensory(adj) of or pertaining to the sensorium or sensation; as, sensory impulses; -- especially applied to those nerves and nerve fibers which convey to a nerve center impulses resulting in sensation; also sometimes loosely employed in the sense of afferent, to indicate nerve fibers which convey impressions of any kind to a nerve center. | eng_Latn | 11,331 |
what are the unmyelinated areas between schwann cells | In addition, recall that Schwann cells are the cells in the peripheral nervous system that form the myelin sheath around a neuron's axon. In myelinated axons, there are unmyelinated gaps between the numerous myelin sheaths surrounding the same myelinated axon. | If the myelinating cell is wrapped around a nerve cell in the PNS, itâs a Schwann cell. Between the myelinating cells are these gaps called Nodes of Ranvier. When the axon conducts action potentials away from the cell body and the signal goes to the synaptic knob, it's going to release a neurotransmitter. | eng_Latn | 11,332 |
are cells in the nervous system that act as interconnected information processors, which are essential for all of the tasks of the nervous system. | Neurons, on the other hand, serve as interconnected information processors that are essential for all of the tasks of the nervous system. This section briefly describes the structure and function of neurons. | Cells in the nervous system that act as interconnected info processors, which are essential for all of the tasks of the nervous system Dendrite Cell Body (soma) | eng_Latn | 11,333 |
what is the role of olfactory cells | The olfactory epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue inside the nasal cavity that is involved in smell. In humans, it measures about 3 square centimeters (on each side) and lies on the roof of the nasal cavity about 7 cm above and behind the nostrils.he olfactory cells of the epithelium are bipolar neurons which congregate to form the olfactory nerve. The olfactory nerves go through the cribriform plate and terminate on the dendrites of the mitral cells located in the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. | Olfactory receptors expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons are responsible for the detection of odor molecules.Activated olfactory receptors are the initial player in a signal transduction cascade which ultimately produces a nerve impulse which is transmitted to the brain.xpression [edit]. In vertebrates, the olfactory receptors are located in both the cilia and synapses of the olfactory sensory neurons and in the epithelium of the human airway. In insects, olfactory receptors are located on the antennae and other chemosensory organs. | eng_Latn | 11,334 |
what is the neuroglia that makes myelin sheaths in the central nervous system | Each neuron is made up of a cell body and an axon (the extension of the cell body that carries messages). Most of the axons in the central nervous system are wrapped in myelin, a substance rich in lipids (fatty substances) and proteins. Like the coating around an electrical wire, myelin insulates and protects the axon and helps speed nerve transmission. Myelin is present in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS); however only the central nervous system is affected by MS. CNS myelin is produced by special cells called oligodendrocytes. PNS myelin is produced by Schwann cells. | This sheath is called the myelin sheath and is made up of Schwann cells in the peripheral nerves and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system nerves. This insulation can be damaged by compression just as the nerve membrane itself can be injured.he central nervous system nerves are supported by âassistant cellsâ called oligodendrocytes and the peripheral nervous system nerves are support byâ assistant cellsâ called Schwann cells. There are marked differences between the two types of nerves. | eng_Latn | 11,335 |
how many brain cells do we have | Here are the facts: Most estimates say we have about 100 billion brain cells (neurons), and about ten times that many, or one trillion, support cells (glia) that help the neurons. We'll just concentrate on the neurons themselves. The brain weighs about 3 pounds, and after age 20, you lose about a gram of brain mass per year. | Let's start looking at the building blocks of the brain. As previously stated, the brain consists of about 100 billion cells. Most of these cells are called neurons. A neuron is basically an on/off switch just like the one you use to control the lights in your home. It is either in a resting state (off) or it is shooting an electrical impulse down a wire (on). | eng_Latn | 11,336 |
which nervous system includes the spinal and the brain | The autonomic nervous system regulates certain body processes, such as blood pressure and the rate of breathing, that work without conscious effort, according to Merck Manuals. The somatic system consists of nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord with muscles and sensory receptors in the skin. | User: The ______________________nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord.(Points : 1) autonomic central peripheral somatic. Weegy: peripheral somatic. Expert answered|badgerpoe|Points 3036|. Log in to see link for more information. | eng_Latn | 11,337 |
which division of the nervous system exclusively controls skeletal muscles | For the musician known as Somatic, see Hahn Rowe. The somatic nervous system (SoNS or voluntary nervous system) is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with skeletal muscle voluntary control of body movements. The SoNS consists of afferent nerves and efferent nerves. | For the musician known as Somatic, see Hahn Rowe. The somatic nervous system (SoNS or voluntary nervous system) is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with skeletal muscle voluntary control of body movements.The SoNS consists of afferent nerves and efferent nerves.ith each segment, there is a pair of sensory and motor nerves. In the body, 31 segments of nerves are in the spinal cord and 12 are in the brain stem. Besides these, thousands of association nerves are also present in the body. | eng_Latn | 11,338 |
amount of facial muscles in humans | There are 43 muscles in the face, most of which are controlled by the seventh cranial nerve (also known as the facial nerve). This nerve exits the cerebral cortex and emerges from your skull just in front of your ears. It then splits into five primary branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical. | Zygomaticus major muscle. The zygomaticus major is a muscle of the human body. It is a muscle of facial expression which draws the angle of the mouth superiorly and posteriorly to allow one to smile. Like all muscles of facial expression, the zygomatic major is innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve), more specifically, the buccal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve. | eng_Latn | 11,339 |
what is the structure of the nervous system | In vertebrate species it consists of two main parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves, which are enclosed bundles of the long fibers or axons, that connect the CNS to every other part of the body.t the cellular level, the nervous system is defined by the presence of a special type of cell, called the neuron, also known as a nerve cell. Neurons have special structures that allow them to send signals rapidly and precisely to other cells. | By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD. The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body. The nervous system includes both the Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system. The Central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord and The Peripheral nervous system is made up of the Somatic and the Autonomic nervous systems. | eng_Latn | 11,340 |
on what does the nervous system relies to transmit a sensation | The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception.ertain receptors are sensitive to certain types of stimuli (for example, different mechanoreceptors respond best to different kinds of touch stimuli, like sharp or blunt objects). Receptors send impulses in certain patterns to send information about the intensity of a stimulus (for example, how loud a sound is). | Interneurons relay signals between motor and sensory neurons. The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of neurons. This system is responsible for sending, receiving, and interpreting information from all parts of the body. The nervous system monitors and coordinates internal organ function and responds to changes in the external environment. | eng_Latn | 11,341 |
are cells that constitute the organ of electric fish that produces an electric field | Electric fish produce their electrical fields from a specialized structure called an electric organ. This is made up of modified muscle or nerve cells, which became specialized for producing bioelectric fields stronger than those that normal nerves or muscles produce. Typically this organ is located in the tail of the electric fish. The electrical output of the organ is called the electric organ discharge (EOD). | The Nerves :- Apart from the brain and the spinal cord the fish body is supplied with a vast network of nerves, the electric wires of the body along which messages travel.he Nerves :- Apart from the brain and the spinal cord the fish body is supplied with a vast network of nerves, the electric wires of the body along which messages travel. | eng_Latn | 11,342 |
what does the peripheral nervous system contain | The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)contains only nerves and connects the brain and spinal cord (CNS) to the rest of the body. The axons and dendrites are surrounded by a white myelin sheath. Cell bodies are in the central nervous system (CNS) or ganglia.he Autonomic Nervous System is that part of PNS consisting of motor neurons that control internal organs. It has two subsystems. The autonomic system controls muscles in the heart, the smooth muscle in internal organs such as the intestine, bladder, and uterus. | The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)contains only nerves and connects the brain and spinal cord (CNS) to the rest of the body. The axons and dendrites are surrounded by a white myelin sheath. Cell bodies are in the central nervous system (CNS) or ganglia.he Autonomic Nervous System is that part of PNS consisting of motor neurons that control internal organs. It has two subsystems. The autonomic system controls muscles in the heart, the smooth muscle in internal organs such as the intestine, bladder, and uterus. | eng_Latn | 11,343 |
what is a synaps | synapse (sin´aps) , n the region of contact between the processes of two adjacent neurons forming the place where a nervous impulse is transmitted from the axon of one neuron to the dendrites of another. It also is called the. synaptic junction.xoaxonic synapse one between the axon of one neuron and the axon of another neuron. axodendritic synapse one between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another. axodendrosomatic synapse one between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites and body of another. | synapse. the junction between the processes of two neurons or between a neuron and an effector organ, where neural impulses are transmitted by chemical means. The impulse causes the release of a neurotransmitter (e.g. acetylcholine or norepinephrine) from the presynaptic membrane of the axon terminal. | eng_Latn | 11,344 |
how does the body detect outside temperature | Special Nerves in the body called thermoreceptors measure internal and external temperatures. When they detect any changes, they send messages to the hypothalamus gland in the barin to raise/lower the temperature of the blood. | To maintain a constant temperature, the body must be able to respond to changes in the temperature of its surroundings. When the outside temperature drops, nerve endings near the skin surface sense the change and communicate it to the hypothalamus. | eng_Latn | 11,345 |
what is the nervous system known as | About the Central Nervous System. The nervous system has two parts, called the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system due to their location in the body. The central nervous system (CNS) includes the nerves in the brain and spinal cord.It is safely contained within the skull and vertebral canal of the spine.bout the Central Nervous System. The nervous system has two parts, called the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system due to their location in the body. The central nervous system (CNS) includes the nerves in the brain and spinal cord. | The nervous system is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells known as neurons that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It is essentially the bodyâs electrical wiring. Structurally, the nervous system has two components: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.he peripheral nervous system consists of sensory neurons, ganglia (clusters of neurons) and nerves that connect to one another and to the central nervous system. Functionally, the nervous system has two main subdivisions: the somatic, or voluntary, component; and the autonomic, or involuntary, component. | eng_Latn | 11,346 |
describe the structure of a typical nerve | Structure of a Typical Neuron (Source: Faigl.ladislav/Wikipedia). Each nerve cell or neuron has: 1 A cell body or perikaryon, having central nucleus and Nisslâs granules in its cytoplasm. 2 Cell processes called neurites, which are of two types. | Nerve. A nerve, on the other hand, is a bundle of axons or dendrites wrapped in connective tissue that conveys impulses between the central nervous system and some other parts of the body. A typical nerve has a tough outer covering, epineurium.erve. A nerve, on the other hand, is a bundle of axons or dendrites wrapped in connective tissue that conveys impulses between the central nervous system and some other parts of the body. A typical nerve has a tough outer covering, epineurium. | eng_Latn | 11,347 |
one difference between axons and dendrites is that | ⢠Axons usually carry information away from the cell body, while dendrites bring information to the cell body. ⢠Axons have myelin sheaths and nodes of Ranvier, whereas dendrites donât. ⢠Myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than dendrites. ⢠Dendrites have ribosomes and axons donât. ⢠Axons are branched far from the cell body, whereas dendrites are branched near the cell body. | The dendrites and axon are thin cytoplasmic extensions of the neuron. The dendrites, which branch out in treelike fashion from the cell body, are specialized to receive signals and transmit them toward the cell body. The single long axon carries signals away from the cell body. In humans, a single axon may be as long as 1 meter (about 3 feet). Some neurons that have cell bodies in the spinal cord have axons that extend all the way down to the toes. | eng_Latn | 11,348 |
what is connects your body to the central nervous system | Structure. The nervous system is divided into two parts: 1 the central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. 2 These structures are protected by bone and cushioned from injury by the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 3 the peripheral system which connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body. | neuron cell bodies: In the PNS, what connects to the spinal cord? spinal nerves: In the PNS, what connects to the brain? cranial nerves: In the CNS, the center and tracts that link the BRAIN with the rest of the body are the: sensory and motor pathways: The spinal cord is a part of the: Central Nervous System | eng_Latn | 11,349 |
what type of stimuli are mechanoreceptors sensitive to | 5 November 2008. Mechanoreceptors detect stimuli such as touch, pressure, vibration, and sound from the external and internal environments. They contain primary sensory neurons that respond to changes in mechanical displacement, usually in a localized region at the tip of a sensory dendrite. | Certain receptors are sensitive to certain types of stimuli (for example, different mechanoreceptors respond best to different kinds of touch stimuli, like sharp or blunt objects).Receptors send impulses in certain patterns to send information about the intensity of a stimulus (for example, how loud a sound is).he sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception. | eng_Latn | 11,350 |
definition of spinal cord | Noun. 1. spinal cord-a major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain; a long tubelike structure extending from the base of the brain through the vertebral canal to the upper lumbar region. medulla spinalis. | Your spinal cord is a thick bundle of nerves inside your spine which connects your brain to nerves in all parts of your body. American English: spinal cord Arabic: اÙÙØÙبÙÙ٠اÙØ´ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ | eng_Latn | 11,351 |
which cranial nerves have both sensory and motor functions | CN-IX, X XI and XII to the medulla. Some cranial nerves are purely afferent (sensory); others are entirely efferent (motor); and some are mixed (both sensory and motor). Olfactory Nerve (CN-I): Sensory for smell. It passes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. Elderly people. | This motor nerve also supplies to the midbrain and performs the function of handling the eye muscles and turning the eye. 5. Trigeminal. This is a type of largest cranial nerve in all and performs many sensory functions related to nose, eyes, tongue and teeth. | eng_Latn | 11,352 |
what does axon mean | Noun. 1. axon-long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron. axone. nerve fiber, nerve fibre-a threadlike extension of a nerve cell. nerve cell, neuron-a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses. nerve end, nerve ending-the terminal structure of an axon that does not end at a synapse. | An axon (from Greek á¼Î¾Ïν áxÅn, axis), is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. Axons are also known as nerve fibers. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. | eng_Latn | 11,353 |
what are glial cells? | What Are Glial Cells. Glial cells are known by many names-neuroglia or glia to name just a few. In the past, they were sometimes mistaken for brain cells but they're completely different. They're nervous system cells that are found in your brain and spinal cord. | Satellite glial cells are glial cells that cover the surface of nerve cell bodies in sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia. Both satellite glial cells (SGCs) and Schwann cells (the cells that ensheathe some nerve fibers) are derived from the neural crest of the embryo during development. | eng_Latn | 11,354 |
what kind of receptors detect pain, warmth, and cold? | Thermoreceptors: Warm and Cold Fibers. Our ability to detect temperature changes originates from two types of specialized receptors called thermoreceptors. Similar to pain receptors, these link to free nerve endings and are specific for both warm and cold stimuli. | A and P II receptors and general senses. STUDY. PLAY. chemoreceptors. are receptors that are sensitive to changes in the concentration of chemicals. pain receptors. whenever tissues are damaged pain receptors are likely to be stimulated. receptors that are sensitive to temperature changes are called. | eng_Latn | 11,355 |
what is true of the peripheral nervous system (pns)? | 1 The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is made up of the nerve fibers that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body, including the neck and arms, torso, legs, skeletal muscles and internal organs. | PNS (peripheral nervous system): That portion of the nervous system that is outside the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system.The other is the central nervous system (CNS) which is made up of the brain and spinal cord.The nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) connect the central nervous system (CNS) to sensory organs (such as the eye and ear), other organs of the body, muscles, blood vessels and glands.NS (peripheral nervous system): That portion of the nervous system that is outside the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. | eng_Latn | 11,356 |
which part of the human body controls the nervous system | The brain sends messages through the spinal cord and nerves of the peripheral nervous system to control the movement of the muscles and the function of internal organs. The basic working unit of the nervous system is a cell called a neuron. The human brain contains about 100 billion neurons. | The central nervous system is the part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord. The central nervous system Click to view larger image. The brain controls most bodily functions, such as voluntary movements, perception of sensations, memory, awareness, and thoughts. | eng_Latn | 11,357 |
where do most parasympathetic fibers originate from | II. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers originate in the brain and in the spinal cord. A. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers contribute to cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X. B. The long preganglionic fibers of the vagus (X) nerve synapse in terminal ganglia located next to or within the innervated organ.ll preganglionic autonomic nerve fibers are cholinergic (use ACh as a neurotransmitter). A. All postganglionic parasympathetic fibers are cholinergic. B. Most postganglionic sympathetic fibers are adrenergic (use norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter). | The afferent fibers of the autonomic nervous system, which transmit sensory information from the internal organs of the body back to the central nervous system, are not divided into parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers as the efferent fibers are.erve fibres of the parasympathetic nervous system arise from the central nervous system. Specific nerves include several cranial nerves, specifically the oculomotor nerve, facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and vagus nerve. | eng_Latn | 11,358 |
sensations definition | Sensation (psychology) Sensation is the body's detection of external or internal stimulation (e.g., eyes detecting light waves, ears detecting sound waves). Perception utilizes the brain to make sense of the stimulation (e.g., seeing a chair, hearing a guitar). Sensation involves three steps: 1 Sensory receptors detect stimuli. 2 Sensory stimuli are transduced into electrical impulses (action potentials) to be decoded by the brain. 3 Electrical impulses move along neural pathways to specific parts of the brain wherein the impulses are decoded into useful information (perception). | Sensation is the body's detection of external or internal stimulation. Perception utilizes the brain to make sense of the stimulation. Sensation involves three steps: Sensory receptors detect stimuli. Sensory stimuli are transduced into electrical impulses to be decoded by the brain. Electrical impulses move along neural pathways to specific parts of the brain wherein the impulses are decoded into useful information. For example, when touched by a soft feather, mechanoreceptors â which are ... | eng_Latn | 11,359 |
what is a neurostimulator | Medical Definition of neurostimulator. : a device that provides electrical stimulation to nerves (as to relieve intractable pain or to suppress tremors) | Neuroablation is the destruction of nerves that serve as pathways to the brain. Typically performed when other treatments have failed, doctors may use heat to sever the nerves that are transmitting pain signals. Neuroablation is the destruction of these nerves. It may be permanent, or the nerves may grow back in time. | eng_Latn | 11,360 |
what is innervated by cn ix | The glossopharyngeal nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland. These fibres originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus of CN IX. These fibres travel with the tympanic nerve to the middle ear. From the ear, the fibres continue as the lesser petrosal nerve, before synapsing at the otic ganglion. | Overview. Embryologically, the glossopharyngeal nerve is associated with the derivatives of the third pharyngeal arch. Sensory: Innervates the oropharynx, carotid body and sinus, posterior 1/3 of the tongue, middle ear cavity and Eustachian tube.ig 1.2 â Path of the parasympathetic fibres to the parotid gland. The glossopharyngeal nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland. These fibres originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus of CN IX. These fibres travel with the tympanic nerve to the middle ear. | eng_Latn | 11,361 |
do neurons communicate chemically or electrically | How Do Neurons Communicate. When a signal is sent, a neurotransmitter is activated. The neurotransmitter is an chemical compound that is sent from neuron to neuron when information is being transmitted. The neurotransmitter is stored in vessicles in the axon of the neuron. | They see that neurons communicate using electrical signals and chemical messengers called neurotransmitters that either stimulate or inhibit the activity of a responding neuron. Students then use the information they have gained to deduce how one neuron influences the action of another. | eng_Latn | 11,362 |
The cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus of a neuron is called the | A neuron consists of a cell body (perikaryon) and its processes, an axon and one or more dendrites. Neurons function in the initiation and conduction of impulses. They transmit impulses to other neurons or cells by releasing neurotransmitters at synapses.he dendrites receive stimuli from other nerves or from a receptor organ, such as the skin or ear, and transmit them through the neuron to the axon. The axon conducts the impulses to the dendrite of another neuron or to an effector organ that is thereby stimulated to action. | Within cells, the cytoplasm is made up of a jelly-like fluid (called the cytosol) and other structures that surround the nucleus. Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a network of long fibers that make up the cellâs structural framework. | eng_Latn | 11,363 |
what tissue is the effector | effector. Definitions: 1. As defined by Sherrington, a peripheral tissue that receives nerve impulses and reacts by muscular contractioon, glandular secretion, or electric discharge (from an electric organ, as in the case of certain bony fishes such as the electric eel).2.. As defined by Sherrington, a peripheral tissue that receives nerve impulses and reacts by muscular contractioon, glandular secretion, or electric discharge (from an electric organ, as in the case of certain bony fishes such as the electric eel). | Nervous Tissue. âNervous tissue consists of neurons and. neuroglia cells. âNeurons are responsible for most of the unique. functions that we associate with the nervous. system. âFor example thinking, feeling, remembering. and controlling our movements. | eng_Latn | 11,364 |
which of the following is a branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve? | The Trigeminal Nerve is the fifth of the Twelve Cranial Nerves, which is divided into three main branches: the ophthalmic nerve, the maxillary nerve and the mandibular nerve. Its second division is the maxillary branch, which consists of afferent sensory fibers, parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers. | CN V. Trigeminal Nerve. The trigeminal nerve as the name indicates is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The large sensory root and smaller motor root leave the brainstem at the midlateral surface of pons. | eng_Latn | 11,365 |
which two distinct cell types form nervous tissue | Nervous tissue consists of two main types of cells: neurons and neuroglia. Nerve cells, or neurones (also written neurons). that move information around the body. Neuroglia are also known simply as glia and have various functions in support of nerve cells but. themselves. | Cells of nervous tissue. Nervous tissue is the main component of the two parts of the nervous system; the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS), and the branching peripheral nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which regulates and controls bodily functions and activity.n the central nervous system (CNS), the tissue types found are grey matter and white matter. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the tissue types are nerves and ganglia. The tissue is categorized by its neuronal and neuroglial components. | eng_Latn | 11,366 |
what structure of the neuron receives signals | Key Points. 1 Dendrites are the tree-like structures in neurons that extend away from the cell body to receive messages from other neurons at synapses; not all neurons have dendrites. 2 Synapses enable the dendrites from a single neuron to interact and receive signals from many other neurons. | Each neuron has the same structure: 1 Each neuron has a soma, or cell body, which is the central area of the neuron. It contains the nucleus and other structures common to all cells in the body, such as mitochondria. The highly branched fibers that reach out from the neuron are called dendritic trees. | eng_Latn | 11,367 |
what is axon | An axon (from Greek á¼Î¾Ïν áxÅn, axis), is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. Axons are also known as nerve fibers. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. | Axon: A long fiber of a nerve cell (a neuron) that acts somewhat like a fiber-optic cable carrying outgoing (efferent) messages. The neuron sends electrical impulses from its cell body through the axon to target cells. Each nerve cell has one axon. An axon can be over 20 cm (a foot) in length, which for the human body is remarkably long. Last Editorial Review: 5/13/2016. | eng_Latn | 11,368 |
the neurons that exit the spinal cord and carry messages to muscles are | Somatic efferent neurons are motor neurons that conduct impulses from the spinal cord to skeletal muscles. These neurons are multipolar neurons, with cell bodies located in the gray matter of the spinal cord. Somatic efferent neurons leave the spinal cord through the ventral root of spinal nerves. | Motor neurons carry signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles. Interneurons connect one neuron to another: the long axons of projection interneuons link distant brain regions; the shorter axons of local interneurons form smaller circuits between neighboring cells. | eng_Latn | 11,369 |
what nerve is carotid nerve | The carotid sinus baroreceptors are innervated by the sinus nerve of Hering, which is a branch of cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) 4 Recommendations All Answers (12) | Before Hering came around, the view was that this massaging high up in the neck would stimulate the vagus nerve to the heart directly. He showed convincingly that the carotid sinus wall was deformed by the manipulation, thereby activating stretch receptors, which are innervated by a branch of the IX-nerve. These âbaroreceptorsâ are found on more places, like in the aortic arch, they serve together the âbaroreflexâ which tends to stabilize blood pressure, primarily at the cost of an unstable heart rate. | eng_Latn | 11,370 |
where is musculocutaneous located on body | The musculocutaneous nerve is a major peripheral nerve of the upper limb. In this article, we shall look at the applied anatomy of the nerve â its anatomical course, motor functions and cutaneous innervation. We shall also consider the clinical correlations of damage to the musculocutaneous nerve. Nerve roots: C5-C7. | The musculocutaneous nerve supplies the biceps, coracobrachialis, brachialis, and elbow joint and terminates as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. The radial nerve (the continuation of the posterior cord) passes posteriorly with the profunda brachii artery, winds around the humerus (fig. | eng_Latn | 11,371 |
define neurotransmitter | Definition of neurotransmitter in English: A chemical substance which is released at the end of a nerve fibre by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, effects the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fibre, a muscle fibre, or some other structure.Example sentences.oun. A chemical substance which is released at the end of a nerve fibre by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, effects the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fibre, a muscle fibre, or some other structure. | Acetylcholine: A Representative Small Molecule Neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine (ACh), the first neurotransmitter ever to be identified, is a small-molecule excitatory neurotransmitter with a wide variety of known functions.In the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and at all neuromuscular junctions, ACh is used to signal muscle movement.cetylcholine: A Representative Small Molecule Neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine (ACh), the first neurotransmitter ever to be identified, is a small-molecule excitatory neurotransmitter with a wide variety of known functions. | eng_Latn | 11,372 |
how do nerves communicate with other nerves and cells? | Instead, communication between nerve cells occurs mainly through the release of chemical substances into the space between the axon and dendrites (Figure 5). This space is known as the synapse. When neurons communicate, a message, traveling as an electrical impulse, moves down an axon and toward the synapse. | The brain is made up of billions of nerve cells, called neurons. They communicate with each other, and other parts of the body by sending messages (nerve impulses) through a network of nerves. | eng_Latn | 11,373 |
what system is the spinal cord in | Central nervous system. Spinal cord injuries result from damage to the vertebrae, ligaments or disks of the spinal column or to the spinal cord itself. A traumatic spinal cord injury may stem from a sudden, traumatic blow to your spine that fractures, dislocates, crushes, or compresses one or more of your vertebrae. It also may result from a gunshot or knife wound that penetrates and cuts your spinal cord. | The spinal cord is continuous with the brain, together forming the central nervous system. List its three basic functions. 1. The spinal cord and its associated spinal nerves contain neuronal. circuits that mediate spinal reflexes.2. The spinal cord is the site for integration (summing) of nerve impulses that arise locally or arrive from the periphery and brain.3. The spinal cord provides the pathways by which sensory nerve impulses reach the brain and motor nerve impulses pass from the brain to motor neurons.he spinal cord is continuous with the brain, together forming the central nervous system. List its three basic functions. 1. The spinal cord and its associated spinal nerves contain neuronal. circuits that mediate spinal reflexes. | eng_Latn | 11,374 |
location of sensory receptors located in blood pressure | Baroreceptors (or archaically, pressoreceptors or baroceptors) are sensors located in the blood vessels of all vertebrate animals.hey sense the blood pressure and relay the information to the brain, so that a proper blood pressure can be maintained. Baroreceptors are a type of mechanoreceptor sensory neuron that is excited by stretch of the blood vessel. | ⢠Sensory Receptors â Specialized cells to detect specific stimuli â Interoceptors - detect stimuli inside body ⢠Include receptors for blood pressure, blood volume, and blood pH ⢠Directly involved in homeostasis, regulated by negative feedback â Exteroceptors - detect stimuli outside body ⢠Include receptors for taste, smell, vision, hearing, and equilibrium | eng_Latn | 11,375 |
which nerve is involved in movement of the digestive tract | Extrinsic (outside) are nerves from the brain (or spinal cord) to the digestive organ release two chemicals acetylcholine and adrenaline. Acetylcholine helps faster digestion by increasing the contraction of the digestive organs to squeeze with more forcefully and push the food through the digestive tract.he main nerves of the parasympathetic nervous system are the vagus nerves (tenth cranial nerves). PNS originates in the medulla oblongata; other parasympathetic neurons also extend from the brain and from the lower tip of the spinal cord. | Efferent nerves of the cranial parasympathetic division transmit signals to the enteric innervation of the gastrointestinal musculature to control digestive processes both in anticipation of food intake and following the meal. | eng_Latn | 11,376 |
olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by | These cells are examples of chemoreceptors, and adaptation or neurones most similar to typical neurones. They are stimulated by the binding of molecules to membrane bound protein receptors. | Taste, along with smell (olfaction) and trigeminal nerve stimulation (registering texture, pain, and temperature), determines flavors of food or other substances. Humans have taste receptors on taste buds (gustatory calyculi) and other areas including the upper surface of the tongue and the epiglottis. | eng_Latn | 11,377 |
afferent neuron definition | Afferent neurons' somas are located in the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system, and the axons of these cells travel from ganglion to ganglion and lead back to the spinal cord. The majority of these are unipolar neurons in that they have a single axon leaving the cell body and is sent towards the sensory organ.he opposite direction of neural activity is efferent conduction. In the nervous system there is a closed loop system of sensation, decision, and reactions. This process is carried out through the activity of afferent neurons (sensory neurons), interneurons, and efferent neurons (motor neurons). | Afferent neurons (also known as sensory neurons or afferent nerve fibers) are pathways that carry sensory information from the body to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord).fferent neurons (also known as sensory neurons or afferent nerve fibers) are pathways that carry sensory information from the body to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). | eng_Latn | 11,378 |
what are the general sense receptors | In a sensory system, a sensory receptor is a sensory nerve ending that responds to a stimulus in the internal or external environment of an organism. In response to stimuli, the sensory receptor initiates sensory transduction by creating graded potentials or action potentials in the same cell or in an adjacent one. | Sensory receptors. Sensory receptors are specialized structures that detect changes in their immediate environment. The primary modality of the receptor is determined by how sensitive the receptor is to the size of an applied sensory stimulus and by its connections to the fibers that transmit the applied stimulus. | eng_Latn | 11,379 |
what is the pathway of a reflex in the nervous system | A neural pathway, neural tract, or neural face, connects one part of the nervous system with another via a bundle of axons, the long fibers of neurons.A neural pathway that serves to connect relatively distant areas of the brain or nervous system is usually a bundle of neurons, known collectively as white matter. neural pathway that serves to connect relatively distant areas of the brain or nervous system is usually a bundle of neurons, known collectively as white matter. | in polysynaptic reflex pathways, one or more interneurons connect afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) signals. All but the most simple reflexes are polysynaptic, allowing processing or inhibition of polysynaptic reflexes within the spinal cord.escribe Monosynaptic reflex: When a reflex arc consists of only two neurons in an animal (one sensory neuron, and one motor neuron), it is defined as monosynaptic. | eng_Latn | 11,380 |
definition of nociceptive pain | If we start with the concept of pain as a disease, then treatment begins with a pain diagnosis. Pain pathophysiology comprises 2 categories: nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Nociceptive pain is further divided into visceral and somatic pain, and neuropathic pain is divided into peripheral and central neuropathic pain. Nociceptive, or somatic, pain is the common discomfort we have all experienced as a result of injury -- a paper cut, a broken bone, or appendicitis, among other things. Somatic pain makes sense to us; we can understand the patient's pain. | Neuralgia is severe pain along the course of a nerve. The pain occurs because of a change in neurological structure or function due to irritation or damage of a nerve. Postherpetic neuralgia is a painful condition which affects the nerve fibers and skin.Postherpetic neuralgia is a complication of shingles.There are two main types of pain, nociceptive and non-nociceptive pain. An example of nociceptive pain is what you feel if somebody sticks a needle into your skin; specific pain receptors sense the needle touching your skin and breaking through.ostherpetic neuralgia is a complication of shingles. There are two main types of pain, nociceptive and non-nociceptive pain. An example of nociceptive pain is what you feel if somebody sticks a needle into your skin; specific pain receptors sense the needle touching your skin and breaking through. | eng_Latn | 11,381 |
how many miles of nerves do we have in our body | Transcript of There are nearly 45 Miles of nerves in the human body. There are nearly 45 Miles of nerves in the human body. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the human body. There are 32 pairs of spinal nerves in the body. | The body can heal a nerve in about 4-6 weeks. That is an average time, it actually mostly depends on where the nerve is. If it is in your back it might take a little bit longer, compared to a shorter time if it is in your hand or arm. add a comment. | eng_Latn | 11,382 |
what are the body's two communication systems | The nervous system is broken down into two major systems the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System. These two systems are in control of sensory input, integration, and motor output. The Central Nervous system is made up of mainly the brain and spinal cord. | The nervous system is the most complex system in the human body. It is surrounded by a network of more than hundred billion neurons, assisted by many glial cells. Like the processor in a computer, this system works as a data receiving, processing and transferring center for the human body. In short, the nervous system serves as the body's communication system. | eng_Latn | 11,383 |
what is enduron for | METHYCLOTHIAZIDE is a diuretic. It increases the amount of urine passed, which causes the body to lose salt and water. This medicine is used to treat high blood pressure. It is also reduces the swelling and water retention caused by various medical conditions, such as heart, liver, or kidney disease. | A neuron (/ËnjÊÉrÉn/ NYEWR-on or /ËnÊÉrÉn/ NEWR-on; also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.These signals between neurons occur via synapses, specialized connections with other cells.Neurons can connect to each other to form neural networks. Neurons are the core components of the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS), and of the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). neuron (/ËnjÊÉrÉn/ NYEWR-on or /ËnÊÉrÉn/ NEWR-on; also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. | eng_Latn | 11,384 |
define reflex arc | A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex action. In higher animals, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord.hen a reflex arc consists of only two neurons in an animal (one sensory neuron, and one motor neuron), it is defined as monosynaptic. Monosynaptic refers to the presence of a single chemical synapse. | There are two types of reflex arc: autonomic reflex arc (affecting inner organs) and somatic reflex arc (affecting muscles). | eng_Latn | 11,385 |
what are somatic effectors | Overview. Effectors The somatic nervous system stimulates skeletal muscles, while the ANS innervates cardiac and smooth muscle and glands. Efferent Pathways and Ganglia In the somatic nervous system, the cell bodies of the neurons are in the spinal cord and their axons extend to the skeletal muscles they innervate.The ANS consists of a two-neuron chain.fferent Pathways and Ganglia. In the somatic nervous system, the cell bodies of the neurons are in the spinal cord and their axons extend to the skeletal muscles they innervate. The ANS consists of a two-neuron chain. | The somatic nervous system (SoNS) is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements through the skeletal muscles and mediation of involuntary reflex arcs. | eng_Latn | 11,386 |
what is capitate | Bones of the hands and arms. To read about other bones of the hands and arms, use the links on the left-side of this page. The capitate is one of the carpal bones (of the wrist / hand). The specific location of the capitate is indicated in the diagram below. For more information about the adjacent bones see hand bones and arm bones. More about Hand and Arm Bones: This website includes many pages about bones and the skeletal system. | A neuron is a cell that carries electrical impulses. Neurons are the basic units of the nervous system and its most important part is the brain. Every neuron is made of a cell body, dendrites and an axon. Dendrites and axons are nerve fibres. There are about 86 billion neurons in the human brain, which comprises roughly 10% of all brain cells. The neurons are supported by glial cells and astrocytes. Neurons are connected to one another and tissues. They do not touch and instead form tiny gaps ca | eng_Latn | 11,387 |
neuron definitions | Medical Definition of Neuron Neuron: A nerve cell that receives and sends electrical signals over long distances within the body. A neuron receives electrical input signals from sensory cells (called sensory neurons) and from other neurons. The neuron sends electrical output signals to muscle neurons (called motoneurons or motor neurons) and to other neurons. A neuron that simply signals another neuron is called an interneuron. | neuron (plural neurons or neura) (cytology) A cell of the nervous system, which conducts nerve impulses; consisting of an axon and several dendrites. Neurons are connected by synapses. quotations â¼ 2013 August 3, âThe machine of a new soulâ, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847: The yawning gap in neuroscientistsâ understanding of their topic is in the intermediate scale of the brainâs anatomy. | eng_Latn | 11,388 |
what category of sensory receptors makes up the eye | Confidence votes 5.8K. There are to types of cells that act as photoreceptors in the eye. The Rod and Cones. Rods detect only the presence or absence of light withough distinguishing between colours thus giving black nad white vision (as at night).here are two types of cells that act as photoreceptors in the eye: ro ⦠ds and cones. Rods detect only the presence or absence of light without distinguishing between colors, thus giving black and white vision (as at night). | The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception.isual Area 1, or V1, is used for vision, via the visual system to the primary visual cortex. The sense of sight or vision enables us to see our external environment. It provides the richest and most detailed source of sensory information. | eng_Latn | 11,389 |
what do sensory neurons control | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Sensory neurons are nerve cells that transmit sensory information (sight, sound, feeling, etc.). They are activated by sensory input, and send projections to other elements of the nervous system, ultimately conveying sensory information to the brain or spinal cord.he somatic sensory system includes the sensations of touch, pressure, vibration, limb position, heat, cold, and pain. The cell bodies of somatic sensory afferent fibers lie in ganglia throughout the spine. These neurons are responsible for relaying information about the body to the central nervous system. | Sensory neurons (afferent neurons) are unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar shaped cells that conduct action potentials toward or into the central nervous system. They carry somatic nervous system signals from the skin, joints, skeletal muscles, sensory organs (eyes, ears, mouth, and nose). They also carry autonomic nerous system signals from the visceral organs (heart, lungs, vessels, etc). | eng_Latn | 11,390 |
what type of receptor is responsible for sense of smell | The sensory receptors involved in taste and smell contain receptor molecules that bind to specific chemicals.Odor receptors in olfactory receptor neurons, for example, are activated by interacting with molecular structures on the odor molecule.Similarly, taste receptors (gustatory receptors) in taste buds interact with chemicals in food to produce an action potential.dor receptors in olfactory receptor neurons, for example, are activated by interacting with molecular structures on the odor molecule. Similarly, taste receptors (gustatory receptors) in taste buds interact with chemicals in food to produce an action potential. | Function of the Olfactory Nerve. The olfactory nerve is responsible for your sense of smell and partially responsible for your sense of taste. It is also known as cranial nerve 1 because it is the shortest of the cranial nerves and one of only two nerves (the other is the optic nerve) that bypass the brain stem and connect directly to your brain. | eng_Latn | 11,391 |
what isthe junction between an axon terminal and the next neuron | 2) Synaptic Cleft: This is the narrow gap between the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, and the post-synaptic membrane of another excitable cell. It is filled with extracellular fluid. 3) Postsynaptic membrane: The membrane across the synaptic cleft is called the postsynaptic membrane.) A nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron; the membrane is depolarised by an action potential. 2) Depolarisation of the axon terminal during the action potential causes voltage sensitive calcium ion channels to open in the terminal knob. | neuron at the axon terminal, where it makes contact with another cell âThe neuron may pass the impulse to the second cell â¢Synapse âthe location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell â¢Axon terminals contain vesicles with neurotransmitters â¢Neurotransmitter âchemicals used by a neuron to transmit an | eng_Latn | 11,392 |
what are excitatory synapses | An excitatory synapse is a synapse in which an action potential in a presynaptic neuron increases the probability of an action potential occurring in a postsynaptic cell. Neurons form networks through which nerve impulses travel, each neuron often making numerous connections with other cells. | Excitatory Neurotransmitter: Neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to fire: Inhibitory Neurotransmitter: Neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to stop firing: Agonists: Chemical substances that mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell, increasing or decreasing the activity of that cell Antagonists Chemical substances that block or reduce a cell's response to the action of other chemicals or neurotransmitters Acetylcholine The first transmitter to be discovered. | eng_Latn | 11,393 |
what is the name of the thick cord of nerve tissue that runs from the brain of a human down the back | What is the thick column of nerve tissue that links the brain to the peripheral nervous system? The Spinal Cord is the thick column of nerve tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves. Making the world better, one answer at a time. | The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system (CNS).he spinal cord begins at the occipital bone and extends down to the space between the first and second lumbar vertebrae; it does not extend the entire length of the vertebral column. It is around 45 cm (18 in) in men and around 43 cm (17 in) long in women. | eng_Latn | 11,394 |
which structure speeds up impulse conduction along an axon? | Thus, we can think: unmyelinated fiber diameter = axon diameter and myelinated fiber diameter = (myelin+axon) diameter. Nerve conduction velocity (as Thejodhar Pulakunta explained) is determined by the speed of transmission of the action potential along the nerve fiber. | The axons of the nerve fibers are electrically insulated by the myelin sheath, increasing the speed of conduction of the nerve impulses by saltatory conduction. The main difference between neurilemma and myelin sheath is the composition and the function of each layer in the nerve axons. Reference: 1. âNeurolemma.â | eng_Latn | 11,395 |
what cells detect stimuli | Receptors. Receptors are groups of specialised cells. They can detect changes (stimuli) in the environment. Receptors are often located in the sense organs, such as the ear, eye and skin.Each organ has receptors sensitive to particular kinds of stimulus. The table shows some receptors and the stimuli they detect.he sense organs contain receptors that are sensitive to stimuli. The nervous system consists of the central nervous system-brain and spinal cord-and peripheral nerves. Nerve impulses travel through the axons of neurones-nerve cells. | Detection of Stimuli. In order for an organism (such as a plant or an animal) to adjust to a change in the environment, it must first be able to detect (or physically recognize) the change. This detection of a stimulus is called sensitivity.timuli and responses are not only associated with the external environment, but are also found in the internal environment of organisms as well. Any stimulus within the body of the organism must be detected as well in order for the organism to survive. | eng_Latn | 11,396 |
what classified structural olfactory neurons | One way to classify neurons is by the number of extensions that extend from the neuron's cell body (soma). Bipolar neurons have two processes extending from the cell body (examples: retinal cells, olfactory epithelium cells). | Olfactory receptor cells. Olfactory epithelium FIRST-ORDER neurons of the olfactory pathway. - Each one is a bipolar neuron with an exposed knob shaped dendrite and axon coming out through the cribriform plate and ending in the olfactory bulb. Provide physical support, nourisment and electrical insulation for olfactory receptors. - Help detoxify chemicals that come into contact with olfactory epithelium. - Innervated by autonomic neurons within branches of facial (VII) nerve which is stimulated by specific chemicals. | eng_Latn | 11,397 |
Olfactory receptors are located in the mucosa in the nasal cavity | The olfactory epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue inside the nasal cavity that is involved in smell. In humans, it measures about 3 square centimeters (on each side) and lies on the roof of the nasal cavity about 7 cm above and behind the nostrils.he olfactory cells of the epithelium are bipolar neurons which congregate to form the olfactory nerve. The olfactory nerves go through the cribriform plate and terminate on the dendrites of the mitral cells located in the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. | Olfactory nerves. Also known as CN1, the olfactory nerve is the first of 12 cranial nerves located within the head. It relays sensory data to the brain, and it is responsible for the sense of smell. The nerve's olfactory receptors are located within the mucosa of the nasal cavity.Unlike many other nerves, CN1 does not possess two trunks. Rather, its sensory fibers extend through the ethmoid bone's cribriform plate, a part of the skull located behind the nose.t relays sensory data to the brain, and it is responsible for the sense of smell. The nerve's olfactory receptors are located within the mucosa of the nasal cavity. Unlike many other nerves, CN1 does not possess two trunks. | eng_Latn | 11,398 |
what major nerves serves the anterior thigh | The branches of the femoral nerve serve the quadriceps muscles and skin of the anterior and medial thigh, while its largest branch, the saphenous nerve, extends to the skin of the medial leg and foot. | The femoral nerve is a nerve in the thigh that supplies skin on the upper thigh and inner leg, and the muscles that extend the knee. | eng_Latn | 11,399 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.