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Physico-Chemistry of the Hydrolysed Polyacrylamide—Chromium III Interaction in Relation to Rheological Properties | This paper deals with the behaviour of hydrolyse d Polyacrylamide solutions in the presence of chromium III. First, using potentiometry and spectroscopy, we study the complexation between chromium III and sodium acetate used as a low molecular weight model for the polymer. Then the same methods are applied to investigate the polymer—Cr(III) complexation and the results are discussed in conjunction with the nature of the physical states of the systems. Finally, we perform rheological measurements in the sol—gel transition regime in a range where the number of crosslinking points can be calculated unambiguously. | Monomers and aggregates of Merocyanine 540 (MC540) in water are able to photoisomerize. The shape of the photoisomer absorption spectrum is very similar to that of the ground state. Triplet state of MC540 in water has been produced by energy transfer from triplet anthracene and displays a broad absorption spectrum between 600 and 700 nm. The triplet state may also be produced by direct excitation of MC540 with UV light. However, when the dye is excited by visible light, no triplet state absorbance in the red could be detected so that the triplet yield of MC540 in water seems to be excitation wavelength dependent. | eng_Latn | 21,700 |
Influence of isomeric structure of oligomeric peroxy stabilizer on the properties of polystyrene suspensions | Colloidal properties and the dispersity of styrene emulsions in water were studied. The emulsions were prepared in the presence of two structural isomers of oligomeric peroxy esters, namely, the products of polycondensation of polyethylene glycols of different molecular mass and di-tert-butylperoxypyromellitic acid. It was shown that not only the properties of the starting emulsions, but also the diameter and size distribution of the synthesized polystyrene microspheres depend on the structure of the stabilizer. | The way to improve inkjet paper quality by surface sizing with synthesized polymer and its addition to the solutions of cationic starch and modified PVA was introduced.The water resistance and ink density were examined.The results show that some amount of polymer addition to the starch solution could be helpful to inkjet paper quality,and the polymer get the better quality in inkjet paper in water resistance and ink density than the starch sizing. | eng_Latn | 21,701 |
Inkjet ink copolymer, inkjet ink pigment dispersing element using same, and inkjet ink | Excellent weather resistance, print density (color developing property), it is possible to provide an ink jet ink capable of forming a printed good productivity having the fixing performance (wear resistance), which can also provide good productivity, a pigment dispersion having excellent dispersibility for its object to provide a polymer for ink jet ink. Cyclohexyl methacrylate units and 10-99% by weight, by the ink-jet ink copolymer and a pigment dispersion for ink-jet ink containing a pigment for the ink-jet ink and copolymers comprising acrylic acid units 1-90% by weight of the objects this is achieved. | The invention tax injection step for injecting a minute used to dissolve detergent tax towards the laundry in the drum; Tax penetration step of waiting for a predetermined time so that the amount of a tax the ejection can be absorbed by the laundry; By spraying the laundry towards the hot steam of the steam rinse step of rinsing the laundry; And polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (polyoxyethylene alkylether) of the minutes using detergent, comprising: a drying step of supplying hot air to the drum to dry the laundry is absorbed the steam is from 5 to 10% by weight; 3 to 5% by weight of sodium echil hexyl sulfate (sodium ethylhexyl sulfate); And to a laundry treatment process comprising the remaining amount of water. | eng_Latn | 21,702 |
The effect of dispersing agents on the dyeing of polyester with a disperse dye | An experimental procedure has been devised to study the interdependence of three dispersing agents present in the dyeing of polyester with CI Disperse Orange 21. The method involves the use of ternary diagrams to represent the relationship between dyeing properties and the concentration of dispersing agents present in a dyebath. The technique could be applied to commercial dyeing of polyester with disperse dyes. | A new Monte Carlo simulation tool, called PetDetSim and its experimental validation is presented. The simulation environment aims to model PET detectors and applies the Detect2000 code. Light output of LYSO and GSO crystal pins of different size and surface finish, covered with diffuse or specular reflectors was experimentally determined and compared with the results of the simulations. By improving the model concerning the pin and reflector geometry and the wavelength dependent reflection of the photocathode, the figure of merit could be considerably improved. The initially 34% deviation between simulation and measurements decreased below 11% for all LYSO crystal configurations. | eng_Latn | 21,703 |
Vibrational autoionization in polyatomic molecules | ▪ Abstract The vibrationally autoionizing Rydberg states of small polyatomic molecules provide a fascinating laboratory in which to study fundamental nonadiabatic processes. In this review, recent results on the vibrational mode dependence of vibrational autoionization are discussed. In general, autoionization rates depend strongly on the character of the normal mode driving the process and on the electronic character of the Rydberg electron. Although quantitative calculations based on multichannel quantum defect theory are available for some polyatomic molecules, including H3, only qualitative information exists for most molecules. This review shows how qualitative information, such as Walsh diagrams along different normal coordinates of the molecule, can provide insight into the vibrational autoionization rates. | The invention relates to an effect on keratin-containing fibers, in particular human hair, oxidatively acting agent containing in addition at least one oxidizing agent, a combination of active ingredients (A) a selected cationic polymer, (b) at least one mono- or di- (C (C) at least one quaternary ammonium compound which carries at least a selected group at the quaternized nitrogen atom, and a method for reshaping keratin fibers, in which this means is applied, and the use of this agent for fixing in the course of a hair forming. The transformation is improved by this means and that the fiber gets an excellent care and structural preservation. | eng_Latn | 21,704 |
Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Quantitative Analysis of High-Density Polyethylene Pellets Fortified with Flavors | Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) has been shown to be an easy, rapid, accurate, quantitative, and precise component of an overall method for the quantitative analysis of flavor components formulated into high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pellets. Under optimized extraction conditions, MAE can be perform extraction of flavors from pellets within 1⁄2 h with flavor recoveries ranging from approximately 90% to 100%. The variability in the data expressed as percent relative standard deviation from gas chromatographic‐mass selective detector analysis of targeted flavor components is always less than 5%, indicating a precise method. In addition, the major components identified in the flavor formulation prior to formulation into the HDPE pellets are the major components detected in the extraction, indicating an accurate determination. Thus, MAE can be readily recommended as an essential component of a high-volume approach to the quantitative determination of flavors formulated into HDPE pellets. | The invention tax injection step for injecting a minute used to dissolve detergent tax towards the laundry in the drum; Tax penetration step of waiting for a predetermined time so that the amount of a tax the ejection can be absorbed by the laundry; By spraying the laundry towards the hot steam of the steam rinse step of rinsing the laundry; And polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (polyoxyethylene alkylether) of the minutes using detergent, comprising: a drying step of supplying hot air to the drum to dry the laundry is absorbed the steam is from 5 to 10% by weight; 3 to 5% by weight of sodium echil hexyl sulfate (sodium ethylhexyl sulfate); And to a laundry treatment process comprising the remaining amount of water. | eng_Latn | 21,705 |
THE HIGH-PRESSURE CRYSTALLIZATION AND ANNEALING BEHAVIORS OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE OLIGOMER | Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) oligomer samples crystallized and annealed at high pressure were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that better crystals were obtained through high-pressure crystallization from the melt than annealing under the same conditions. The difference of the effects of crystallization and annealing on the morphology of crystals reduced with the increase of crystallization time. The melting temperature was determined by the lamellar thickness when it was shorter than the length of the molecular chains, while the main factor governing the melting temperature changed from lamellar thickness to density of chain-end defects when the lamellar thickness was much longer than the molecular length. PET oligomer extended-chain crystals with thickness up 100 μm were obtained. | The invention tax injection step for injecting a minute used to dissolve detergent tax towards the laundry in the drum; Tax penetration step of waiting for a predetermined time so that the amount of a tax the ejection can be absorbed by the laundry; By spraying the laundry towards the hot steam of the steam rinse step of rinsing the laundry; And polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (polyoxyethylene alkylether) of the minutes using detergent, comprising: a drying step of supplying hot air to the drum to dry the laundry is absorbed the steam is from 5 to 10% by weight; 3 to 5% by weight of sodium echil hexyl sulfate (sodium ethylhexyl sulfate); And to a laundry treatment process comprising the remaining amount of water. | yue_Hant | 21,706 |
Purification of Xylenol Orange by the High-Speed Liquid Chromatography | A relatively large amount of 3,3′-bis[N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)aminomethyl]-o-cresolsulfonphthalein (Xylenol Orange, XO) is purified easily by the high-speed liquid chromatography (HSLC). | (57) Abstract: The present invention claims the copper in an aqueous solution, a coordination compound, a method of depolymerization and / or modification of the peroxide lignin or lignin related compounds by the system. Copper coordination compound than 20% relative to the substrate in aqueous solution, is preferably applied in 0.001-5%. Coordination compounds, pyridine, histidyl-glycine, compounds containing phthalocyanine, acetonitrile, nitrogen, such as, compounds containing hydroxyl groups such as catechol, compounds such an ether like 18-crown-6, mercapto succinic acid compounds containing sulfur, such as, or compounds containing olefinic double bonds such as 1,3-cyclohexadiene. Peroxide hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxide, or to be added from outside as peracids, may also be produced in a solution containing lignin by reaction to produce a peroxide. | eng_Latn | 21,707 |
Metal free one-pot synthesis of α-ketoamides from terminal alkenes | A practical approach towards the synthesis of α-ketoamides from readily available terminal alkenes (styrenes) has been developed. Use of inexpensive I2/2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as an oxidant under metal free one-pot conditions makes this methodology versatile. | This paper presents an inferential property prediction scheme for a high pressure polyethylene autoclave reactor. The development of a dynamic model of the process is described. It was derived from a consideration of the reaction mechanism and uses reaction temperatures, pressure and gas composition to predict the degree of polymerisation of the polymer. The values of certain key parameters in the model were derived from steady state data from the ICI Alkathenc plant at Botany Site. The model was shown to predict the degree of polymerisation during grade transition with an appropriate accuracy although it benefited from an on-line adaption scheme. | eng_Latn | 21,708 |
Relationship of CF2 concentration to deposition rates in the pyrolytic chemical vapor deposition process | Polytetrafluoroethylene films have been deposited for use as low dielectric constant materials in microelectronic chips. Deposition is performed through pyrolysis of hexafluoropropylene oxide on a heated filament array to produce CF2, which can then polymerize and deposit as a thin film. The variation of CF2 concentration as a function of the pressure and filament temperature has been characterized by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The CF2 concentration is seen to approach a constant as filament temperature approaches 400 °C, and an activation energy of 11.9 kcal/mol is measured at lower temperatures. Attempting to develop a specific relationship between the CF2 concentration and deposition rate yields a sticking coefficient of ∼4×10−5, which is consistent with what has been measured in a CF2 beam experiment. However, this result is not sufficient to explain deposition properties observed in other related work. This implies that it is possible for other properties of the deposition process to affect... | The correlation suggested by van Noort1 in his Comment on our paper2 is an improvement of the Simamura correlation.3 Unfortunately, there is not sufficient information in our paper2 to compare both approaches. The uncertainties cited in ref 2 are not statistical but an expert’s estimation of the uncertainties of unknown melting points. The average deviations of experimental and estimated values from our correlation are 10 K for 61 chlorine-substituted dioxins (PCDDs) and 15 K for 59 chlorine-substituted dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The corresponding graphs are presented as Figures 1 and 2. So, our correlation is considerably better for PCDDs and the same for PCDFs. Literature Cited | eng_Latn | 21,709 |
RADIATION-INDUCED cis AND trans ISOMERIZATION OF POLYISOPRENES AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE EQUILIBRIA. | Abstract The cis and trans interconversion of polyisoprenes in solutions induced by γ-radiation in the presence of a sensitizer, which is any one of organic bromides or n-butyl mercaptan, was studied by using hevea and gutta percha as starting substances. The percentage cis remaining or converted after irradiation was determined by the infrared absorption. The equilibrium constants for the interconversion at 22, 60, and 100° C were found to be 3.00, 5.25, and 7.33, respectively. The firstorder rate constants for as cis → trans and trans → cis isomerizations at 22° C were calculated to be 9.05 and 2.91, respectively. The results were interpreted by the mechanism proposed by Golub, according to which the double bonds from π complexes with radiolytic fragments from sensitizers give a radical transition state capable of interconversion. However, our results showing that heating shifts the equilibrium toward trans isomer are not in accord with the mechanisms of the radiation-induced isomerization of polybutadi... | RESPECT THE INVENTION COMPOSITION HAVING organopolysiloxane ORGANOPOLYSILOXANE HAVING AT LEAST ONE RADICAL VINYL A organohydropolysiloxane, CATALYST COMPLEX METAL PLATINUM GROUP AND AT LEAST ONE INHIBITORS WHICH IS ORGANIC COMPOUND allene WITH BOILING POINT OF AT LEAST 25C. THE COMPOSITIONS ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION ARE USED TO MAKE MATERIAL NOT aDHERE TO OTHER MATERIALS TO WHICH normally adhere. | yue_Hant | 21,710 |
Response to “Comment on ‘Mixture model description of the T-, P dependence of the refractive index of water’ ” [J. Chem. Phys. 115, 7795 (2001)] | The valid range of the emphasized experimental data and need, in very precise comparisons, to compensate for the very small temperature shifts resulting from revisions in the accepted standard for the International Temperature Scale over the years, are acknowledged. However, it is emphasized that these corrections do not invalidate the approach and that the physical motivation underlying the mixture model analysis leads to physically meaningful fitting parameters; a result not found in any previous treatment. | (A) a carboxyl group-containing resin having at least one carboxyl group in one molecule, (B) a photopolymerization initiator having an oxime bond represented by the following general formula (I), (C) a reactive diluent, and (D) a photocurable and thermosetting composition containing an epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule, the photopolymerization initiator (B) is at least the carboxyl group-containing resin ( the compositions formulated in a) and the reactive diluent (C) is formulated into separate compositions, are compositions in at least two-part system. | eng_Latn | 21,711 |
Method for making polyester by direct esterification without glycol recovering and refining | A method for continuously producing a polyester by direct esterification, characterized in that the refining device is not attached to the recovery of the excess ethylene glycol recovery purification systems, and will be returned directly used as the starting material resulting polycondensation tank is condensed glycol. Fresh ethylene glycol was added to the slurry preparation tank seaming two and a wet condenser of the final amount is added by the latter 35 to 50% of the total amount, the molar ratio of TPA to EG of the total added 1.02 to 1.10. Quality of the resulting polyester is the same as the conventional direct esterification of a polyester production, and equipment investment, operating costs and raw material consumption is greatly reduced. | Abstract Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase was immobilized on tresyl-activated silica particles and slurry packed into a PTFE-coated stainless-steel column. The stationary phase enzyme column was used for the high-performance chromatographic separation of alcohols and ketones. Baseline resolution of the secondary alcohols terbutaline and bambuterol and their respective ketones was obtained. In addition, discrimination of closely related isomers, including the positional isomers of ethylphenethyl alcohol and the optical isomers of 1-phenyl-1-butanol, was achieved. | eng_Latn | 21,712 |
Domino Hydrogenation—Reductive Amination of Phenols, a Simple Process to Access Substituted Cyclohexylamines. | The reaction can also be conducted under thermal conditions (not shown) and is mentioned to be amenable to a continuous-flow production of cyclohexylamines in gram scale. | The invention relates to a method for compatibilizing a polyamide/polyester blend by adopting a hyperbranched polymer. Taking PEI graft nylon with a hyperbranched structure as a compatibilizer, based on the total mass of 100 weight parts of blending components, namely polyamide and polyester, the compatibilizer is more than or equal to 1 weight part and is less than 15 weight parts, and the mixture ratio of the blending components, namely the polyamide to the polyester is 10: 90-90: 10. The method comprises the steps of: utilizing a solution blending method to obtain a blend, optionally performing heat treatment at a high temperature, and producing a terpolymer by an in-situ reaction so as to compatibilize the blend to obtain a polyamide/polyester alloy material with improved compatibility. The method is simple and high in efficiency, and can control the degree of the compatibilization to obtain blending materials which meet various needs and have different morphologies. | eng_Latn | 21,713 |
Synthesis and characterization of photosensitive copolysiloxaneimides | Photosensitive copolysiloxaneimides were prepared by adding a photosensitive monomer such as hydroxyethylacrylate (HEA) to copolyisoimides, which were synthesized by the copolycondensation of pyromellitic dianhydride, benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride with oxydianiline, and bis(p-aminophenoxy) dimethylsiloxane. The forming process of isoimide rings caused by the reaction of polyamic acid with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and the disappearance process of isoimide rings caused by the reaction of copolyisoimide with HEA were monitored in situ by infrared approach. A series of photosensitive copolysiloxaneimides films were prepared, and the desired structure-properties relationships about inherent viscosities, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal stability and glass transition temperature, dielectric constants, moisture absorption, and photosensitivity were also discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1463–1468, 1997 | This paper presents an inferential property prediction scheme for a high pressure polyethylene autoclave reactor. The development of a dynamic model of the process is described. It was derived from a consideration of the reaction mechanism and uses reaction temperatures, pressure and gas composition to predict the degree of polymerisation of the polymer. The values of certain key parameters in the model were derived from steady state data from the ICI Alkathenc plant at Botany Site. The model was shown to predict the degree of polymerisation during grade transition with an appropriate accuracy although it benefited from an on-line adaption scheme. | eng_Latn | 21,714 |
Polyarylate ionomer with low coefficient of thermal expansion and flexible substrates produced therefrom | The invention polyamic 2 in the phenol compound and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or aromatic dicarboxylic polyallylates obtained by the polymerization between dicarboxylic acid halide agent, having a low coefficient of thermal expansion, characterized in that the polyarylate is containing organic base relate ionomer and to the polyarylate ionomer on a flexible substrate having a low coefficient of thermal expansion, characterized in that is obtained through the extrusion process. And a flexible resin substrate according to the present invention are used to have the transparency, isotropy and a high glass transition temperature is useful in many areas, such as flexible displays, flexible solar cells because they have a low coefficient of thermal expansion at the same time. | RESPECT THE INVENTION COMPOSITION HAVING organopolysiloxane ORGANOPOLYSILOXANE HAVING AT LEAST ONE RADICAL VINYL A organohydropolysiloxane, CATALYST COMPLEX METAL PLATINUM GROUP AND AT LEAST ONE INHIBITORS WHICH IS ORGANIC COMPOUND allene WITH BOILING POINT OF AT LEAST 25C. THE COMPOSITIONS ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION ARE USED TO MAKE MATERIAL NOT aDHERE TO OTHER MATERIALS TO WHICH normally adhere. | eng_Latn | 21,715 |
Model-Based Optimization And Control Of Chromatographic Processes | Abstract This contribution presents an integrated approach to the optimal operation and automatic control of chromatographic separation processes in batch elution mode as well as in continuous SMB operation. The new approach is based on computationally efficient simulation models and combines techniques from mathematical optimization, parameter estimation and control theory. The resulting algorithms were implemented in an industrial standard control system and the capability of the proposed control approach is demonstrated on the separation of fructose and glucose, both in batch and SMB operation mode. | The invention relates to a method for producing a coating in regions on the basis of a formulation which contains bacteriorhodopsin colour-changing pigment in the form of an active colour-change motif on a subtstrate, and to coatings which are produced using a method of this type and to articles having coatings of this type. Here, the method comprises the following steps: a) printing of the substrate, in the form of a motif, with the formulation which contains bacteriorhodopsin colour-changing pigment; b) partial drying of the printed substrate; c) optionally repetition of steps a) and/or b); d) calendering of the printed and partially dried substrate; e) complete drying of the coating. | kor_Hang | 21,716 |
The application of dual linear ultrasonic equipment for phacoemulsification of hard nucleus cataract | Objective The study ws designed to utilize the dual linear ultrasonic equipment to accomplish the cataract extraction surgery for hard nucleus cataract.Methods Phaco chop technique ws used to emulsify the hard nucleus cataract on 263 eyes with dual linear ultrasonic equipment.The degree of nuclear hardness was grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ.Results Postoperatively,the visual acuity with spherical correction or without correction were 0.5 or better in 86% at one day,and 0.8 or better in 91% at one week.There were mild corneal edema in 9 cses and postcapsular rupture in 4 cases.The average phaco time was 1 min 14s and teh average phaco energy was 29%.Conclusions Phaco energy can be used at any time and any vacuum condition in the process of phacoemusifucation with dual linear ultrasonic equipment.It make the operation easyly and safety with phaco chop technique and in the mean time the technique needs less phaco energy and time. | Abstract MBE regrowth on MOVPE grown InP and InGaAsP (1.06 μm) layers was found to demand appropriate surface treatment for not sacrificing epitaxial growth performance. Wet chemical etching using a sulphuric acid based solution as well as surface oxidation using UV light/ozone exposure were found to give very satisfactory and basically equivalent results. Particularly with the quaternary material, both methods prove to be destructive in that a non-neglible amount of material is removed from the surface. The removed thickness tends, however, to be smaller with the UV/ozone based process, an advantage, which becomes especially aparent in the presence of lower band gap InGaAs(P) layers which are strongly attacked by the sulphuric acid etchant. | eng_Latn | 21,717 |
Contribution to the study of the structures of methyl derivatives of ammonia from spectroscopical data | Abstract The infra-red absorption spectra of the methylamines are given between 4500 and 400 K. The spectra of di- and trimethylamine were run for the first time; that of monomethyl-amine was revised. Using data on electron diffraction and assuming that in the replacement of hydrogen in ammonia by methyl groups, the ammonia molecule suffers little change, the symmetry C 8 is assumed for the mono- and dimethylamine and C 3 v for the trimethylamine. On this basis we assign the normal modes of vibration of these molecules to the experimental frequencies measured in the Raman and infra-red spectra. We have compared the frequencies for the bond C-H, N-H, and C-N in the compounds studied. Also, the force constants for N-H and C-N have been calculated for the amines studied on the valence force hypothesis. | The present invention provides a crosslinked skeleton crosslinked polyacrylonitrile or polymethacrylonitrile, the porous resin particles and preparation method for the functional group is a hydroxyl group or an amino group. Such resin is acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile, a crosslinking agent containing two or more double bonds or two, functional group-containing monomer suspension alkenyl radical copolymerization in the presence of a porogen, to give porous polymeric resin porous polymeric resin, and then after the resulting functional groups, to give the functional group-containing porous resin of a hydroxyl group or an amino group. The solid phase synthesis resin can be used as solid phase synthesis or polypeptide carrier nucleotides. | eng_Latn | 21,718 |
Phosphasalen Indium Complexes Showing High Rates and Isoselectivities in rac‐Lactide Polymerizations | Polylactide (PLA) is the leading bioderived polymer produced commercially by the metal-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of lactide. Control over tacticity to produce stereoblock PLA, from rac-lactide improves thermal properties but is an outstanding challenge. Here, phosphasalen indium catalysts feature high rates (30±3 m-1 min-1 , THF, 298 K), high control, low loadings (0.2 mol %), and isoselectivity (Pi =0.92, THF, 258 K). Furthermore, the phosphasalen indium catalysts do not require any chiral additives. | The present invention relates to vectors useful for the administration of active principles (PA), preferably medicinal or nutritional, especially orally or parenterally. The technical problem solved by the invention is that consisting in the supply of vectors formed by (nano) or (micro) particles based on polyamino acids, and which are inert with respect to PA (proteins), of controllable granulometry, resistant and economical. The invention has an average particle size of less than 200 mum and consists of a polyamino acid of the Leu / Glu type, in which Leu / Glu + Leu> = 20% and Mw> = 10,000 D. | eng_Latn | 21,719 |
The hindered internal rotation of amide groups of polyacrylamide of low molecular weights. | Polyacrylamides of low molecular weights (average degrees of polymerization(‾DP) : 7.2, 18.3, 21.3, and 45.4) were prepared by radical polymerization, and their PMR spectra were observed over the temperature range of 30–90 °C. From the temperature dependence of the PMR spectra, the values of the energy barrier to the internal rotation about C–N bonds were determined by means of a total line-shape analysis. The energy barriers for the polymers above ‾DP : 18.3 were 10.6 kcal/mol, while those for the polymer of ‾DP : 7.2 were 9.2 kcal/mol. These results were interpreted in terms of the local environment around the amide groups. The intramolecular hydrogen bonding was also investigated. | THV,PMMA as raw materials were selected to fabricate polymer six segmented cladding fiber by composite spinning through the rational design of the spinneret pack and regulation of spinning process.The effect of spinning temperature,number of metering pumps and other parameters on the spinnability of optical fiber and its cross section were studied.The results showed that fabricate polymer six segmented cladding fiber by composite spinning was available. | eng_Latn | 21,720 |
Selective Diphosphorylation, Dithiodiphosphorylation, Triphosphorylation, and Trithiotriphosphorylation of Unprotected Carbohydrates and Nucleosides | Aminomethyl polystyrene resin-bound linkers of p-acetoxybenzyl alcohol were subjected to reactions with diphosphitylating and triphosphitylating reagents to yield the corresponding polymer-bound diphosphitylating and triphosphitylating reagents, respectively. A number of unprotected carbohydrates and nucleosides were reacted with the polymer-bound reagents. Oxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide or sulfurization with Beaucage's reagent, followed by removal of cyanoethoxy group with DBU and the acidic cleavage, respectively, afforded only one type of monosubstituted nucleoside and carbohydrate diphosphates, dithiodiphosphates, triphosphates, and trithiotriphosphates with high regioselectivity. | Abstract Based on commercially available 3-Aminopropyl (diethoxy)methylsilane new alkoxysilane with functional aminophosphonate group - diethyl (2-((3-(diethoxy (methyl)silyl)propyl)amino)propan-2-yl)phosphonate were synthesized and characterized. Obtained functional alkoxysilane were transformed to tetrasiloxane in active medium in the presence of acetic acid and then copolymerized with octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4). The chemical structure of the resulting polymer was studied and confirmed by a combination of physical methods, namely, 1 H, 13 C, 31 P and 29 Si NMR, GPC, and IR spectroscopy. The thermophysical and rheological properties of the polymer were also studied. | eng_Latn | 21,721 |
A basis theorem for polynomial modules | In a composite bearing material including a metal strip, a porous sintered metal matrix layer bonded to a surface of said metal strip and a resin composition impregnated into and substantially filling the voids in said porous metal layer and forming a continuous surface layer thereon, the resin composition consists essentially of a blend of 60 to 95 percent by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene and 40 to 5 percent by weight of a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, and mostly all of the copolymer in the composition is included in the surface layer in the form of a fibrillated network. | We report a systematic approach to the control of the conjugation length along the poly(thiophene) backbone. The planarity of the main chain can be permanently modified by altering the pattern of s ... | eng_Latn | 21,722 |
Isolation,purification and characterization of oligosaccharide from Polygonati Rhizoma | AIM To study the isolation,purification and characterization of Polygonati Rhizoma oligosaccharide(PRO).METHODS Polygonati Rhizoma was extracted by 80% ethanol,and further isolated and purified by D101 macroporous adsorption resin column chromatogramphy,activated carbon column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography.The structural analysis was identified by high performance gel permeation chromatography(HPGPC),gas chromatography(GC),ultraviolet spectrometry(UV),infared spectroscopy(IR),NMR spectroscopy(1H,13C).RESULTS PRO was a single homogeneous component and the average molecular weight was estimated at 1 471 Da.The D-pyran glucan consisted entirely of glucose units,which were linked in straight chains by 1→4 bond and 1→6 bond,most of the constituent glucosidic bond were jointed in β-form with a little of α-form.CONCLUSION The PRO is obtained from Polygonati Rhizoma for the first time. | Dynamic characteristic of a system have to be obtained so as to offer the reliable data for the system dynamic modification and dynamic optimum design. The system modal parameters identification can be changed into the global optimization problem in wavelet plane because the wavelet ridges can carry much information of system characteristic parameters. Firstly, the paper will introduce the so-called PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) technique into the modal analysis and propose the PSO wavelet ridge extraction algorithm. Furthermore, the formulas identifying modal parameters from a wavelet ridge are derived and computation steps were given. The simulation experiments are implemented in order to evaluate precision of this method and the robustness of noise. Finally, the proposed method applies to the modal parameters identification of a watermelon to explore the effectiveness. The experiment results prove the method is precision and insensitive to noise. | eng_Latn | 21,723 |
Study on the imdization of polypyromellticimide insulation varnish and its effect on the properties | The imdization ratio of polypyromellticimide insulation varnish under various process are calculated by using specific absorption wave of 725cm~(-1) in FTIR spectrum. It shows that the temperature is the key factor controlling the imidization ratio, and the higher the imidization degree is the better the mechanical property of the material. However, the electrical breakdown strength begin to fall down in 300℃ imidization temperature. | The present invention, ILD film while reducing the polishing scratches in CMP processes is possible to obtain a high polishing rate sufficiently and, furthermore it is difficult to have aggregation of the abrasive grain occurs, which provides a high CMP polishing liquid for the flatness is obtained, and a polishing method using the same and that for the purpose. Polishing solution for CMP of the present invention is a CMP polishing liquid for containing the abrasive grains and the additive and water, abrasive grains comprising a cerium-based particles, the additive to 4 Piron-based compound represented by Formula 1, and non- It includes at least one of ionic surfactants and cationic surfactants. [Wherein, X | eng_Latn | 21,724 |
Matrix effects in thermal lensing spectrometry: determination of phosphate in saline solutions | The thermal lensing signals from heteropoly blue solutions containing phosphate under simulated marine conditions have been measured. The significant findings were: (1) the saline matrix has a real and important effect on the thermal lensing properties of the solutions - an average signal enhancement of 28 +- 5% was calculated between corresponding concentrations of aqueous and saline solutions; (2) when the analyte is extracted into isobutyl alcohol an enhancement in response over that of the parent aqueous solution is observed, due to the difference in the thermooptical properties of the solvents; and (3) moreover, solvent extraction does not overcome the effects of the saline matrix. Large changes in the thermal lensing parameter are observed for corresponding concentrations between extracts from aqueous solutions and extracts from saline solutions, and the slopes of the working curves are also affected. | Using Chinese Cabbage(Brassica campestris syn. rapa L.ssp.Pekinensis(Lour) olsson) genome DNA as template,the major components of SRAP,such as concentrations of Mg2+,dNTPs,Taq DNA polymerase,primers and template,were optimized in this study by orthogonal design in five factors four levels respectively.The results showed that the optimum SRAP reaction system includes Mg2+ 3.0 mmol/L,dNTPs 0.2 mmol/L,DNA template 73.2 ng,Taq DNA polymerase 1.5 U and primer 0.2 μmol/L in the 25μL volume reaction.The most suitable protocol was initially denaturing at 94℃ for 5 min,then pre-amplifying at 94℃ 1 min,35℃ 1min and 72℃ 1 min for five cycles,finally amplifying for 35 cycles when the annealing temperature was adjusted to 50℃. | eng_Latn | 21,725 |
Bestimmung von Phenolen in Kohleöl mit der HPLC | Resume etendu d'une communication consacree a la description et l'application de cette methode d'analyse | Durcissement d'elastomeres a base de 2 polyesters et d'un polyether par un diol (C-200) ou triol (C-300). Proprietes | deu_Latn | 21,726 |
Scheelite beneficiation wastewater treatment technique | The invention relates to a scheelite beneficiation wastewater treatment technique which comprises the following steps: electrolyzing to remove most water glass and most organic reagents, adding a coagulant aid to precipitate so as to remove the water glass and organic reagents, and finally, adding an oxidizer to remove residual organic reagents in the wastewater. By using the technique provided by the invention, the removal rate of the water glass is higher than 94.5%, and the removal rate of the beneficiation organic reagents is higher than 98%; the quality of the effluent water is stable, and exceeds the requirements of GB8978-1996 'Sewage Comprehensive Discharge Standard' Grade 1; and the treated water can be reclaimed for the beneficiation technique. The technique provided by the invention has the advantages of stable treatment effect, high efficiency, short technical process, small occupied area, low cost, energy saving and environmental protection, and is simple to operate. | This paper discussed the time field information fusion technique based on the Dampster Shafter method. A new wear mode recognition method of marine diesel engine is put forward. This new method can decrease the uncertainty on the recognition. A wear mode recognition expert system is built and the reliability of recognition results is testified on the practice. | eng_Latn | 21,727 |
The Preparation of Polynorborne Nano Fiber via Electrospinning Technique | Poly(norborne) as novel engineering plastics has attracted great attention of chemists and engineers due to its various applications as thermostable,optical,dielectric and photoresist polymers.In this paper,polynorborne had been studied in the process of electrospinning and made into fiber which was in micro and nano scope.Some parameters influenced fiber diameter were discussed such as molecular weight,electric potential,concentration,screen distance.The surface tension decreased when increased the solution concentration,we gained the thickest PNB fiber from the PNB with the biggest molecular weight. | One of the main challenges in photomask cleaning is balancing particle removal efficiency (PRE) with pattern ::: damage control. To overcome this challenge, a high frequency megasonic cleaning strategy is implemented. ::: Apart from megasonic frequency and power, photomask surface conditioning also influences cleaning ::: performance. With improved wettability, cleanliness is enhanced while pattern damage risk is simultaneously ::: reduced. Therefore, a particle removal process based on higher megasonic frequencies, combined with proper ::: surface pre-treatment, provides improved cleanliness without the unintended side effects of pattern damage, thus ::: supporting the extension of megasonic cleaning technology into 10nm half pitch (hp) device node and beyond. | eng_Latn | 21,728 |
The effect of surface properties on the adhesion of modified polychloroprene used as adhesive | The adhesion properties of polychloroprene can be improved by addition of such materials as piperylene–styrene co-polymer (PSC), VeoVa-10 polymer, VeoVa-11/methyl methacrylate/2ethylhexyl acrylate co-polymer (VeoVa-11/MMA/2EHA) and poly(vinyl acetate) waste (wPVAc). Here, the relationship between adhesion properties and surface tension of polychloroprene was investigated. Contact angle measurements have been used to study the effects of nature and content of polymeric additives on the adhesion and surface properties of polychloroprene. Low-surface-tension VeoVa-10 polymer has the tendency to migrate to the surface of polychloroprene; thus, adhesion is determined mainly by this additive property. Enrichment of polychloroprene film bottom layer by the additive was observed using high-surface-tension PSC and wPVAc. In this case, the adhesion properties of polychloroprene depend on the interactions at the interface. Adhesion properties of polychloroprene were found to depend not only on compatibility between ... | PURPOSE: A plasma etching method using a selective polymer deposition is to provide a high quality resolution and a good etching profile, by using a thin photoresist pattern as an etching mask. CONSTITUTION: An insulating layer on a wafer is plasma-etched for a predetermined interval of time by using a photoresist pattern(130) as a mask. A polymer layer(140) is formed by selectively evaporating polymer on the photoresist pattern. The insulating layer is plasma-etched by using the photoresist pattern and the polymer layer as a mask. | eng_Latn | 21,729 |
Advances in reactive surfactants. | The study of reactive surfactants and their applications in the synthesis of latexes for waterborne coatings has been recently boosted by two successive European programmes, involving all together eight academic and five industrial laboratories. The most significant results were obtained using surfactants derived from maleic and related anhydrides, or both nonionic and anionic reactive polymeric surfactants. Such surfactants are able to improve the stability of styrenic and acrylic latexes vs. various constraints, such as electrolyte addition, freeze-thawing tests or extraction with alcohol or acetone. The properties of films used in waterborne coatings are also improved in case of water exposure (less water uptake, dimensional stability), as well as improved weatherability, and blocking properties. Formulations for woodstain varnishes, metal coating of printing inks, based on the use of simple polymerizable surfactants, are now in the market. | Abstract The relationship for “ R F ” of some steroids after repeated developement in different systems was found to be valid in spread-layer chromatography and a relationship for the mobility of some steroids developed several times in the same system was also established. | eng_Latn | 21,730 |
A novel praseodymium coordination polymer with Pcu topology: Crystal structure, thermal decomposition, luminescence and magnetic properties | Abstract A unique lanthanide coordination polymer, formulated as {[Pr 3 (Heimda) 2 ( μ 2 -HCOO) ( μ 2 -C 2 O 4 ) 2 ·5H 2 O]} n (H 3 eimda = 2-ethyl-1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid, H 2 C 2 O 4 = oxalic acid) ( 1 ), has been hydrothermally synthesized by using lanthanide(III) nitrate, H 3 eimda acid at the presence of two kinds of carboxylate as coligands. The polymer was characterized by elements analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility and single‐crystal X-ray diffraction study. Polymer 1 possesses three-dimensional (3-D) framework with Pcu topology, containing the original 1D zig-zag chain composed of [Pr-HCOO] 2+ moieties. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that depopulation of the Stark levels or possible antiferromagnetic interactions within polymer 1 leads to the continuous decrease of χ M T when the samples are cooled from 300 to 2 K, and the photoluminescence properties of polymer 1 were also investigated. | The pulsed vacuum arc deposition(PVAD) is a new technique of coating,which is developed in recent decades,and have widely promising usage.But the stabiliyt of the discharging is influenced by the failure discharge and the stretching discharge,which lead to the poor quality of the film and the low efficiency of the coating.To resolve that,wto-order charging circuit is used to reduce the stretching discharge,and dipulse is used to increase the reliability of the idscharge,which can decrease the failure discharge.The experiment results which were done by using the reconstructed ion source show that the failure discharge and the stredtching discharge are reduced obviously,and the sischarge is more stable.It can be concluded that the reconstruction of the ion source is efficient,and the requirements of the coating can be needed. | eng_Latn | 21,731 |
Method of manufacturing a radiation detecting semiconductor element and the radiation detecting semiconductor element | Radiation detecting semiconductor element includes a main surface the semiconductor substrate having a (11) (1), a dielectric layer comprising at least one compound of the semiconductor material (6), at least one radiation-sensitive component (3 ) and integrated circuit (2) including a wiring dielectric layer (6) integrated circuits embedded in the intermetallic layer (8) (2) (4), wires (4) connected to the conductive includes a substrate through via (5), the upper dielectric layer arranged optical filter element directly on (6) of the radiation-sensitive component (3) and (7). Dielectric layer (6) is at least above the substrate through via (5) provided with a passivation layer made of different dielectric materials (9) and the intermetallic layer (8), wiring (4), is disposed between the main surface (11) passivation layer (9). .FIELD 1 | Reactive light yellow dying wastewater is studied by microwave regeneration iron-carbon internal electrolysis.The effect of microwave power,irradiation time and microwave times on wastewater treatment and the activated carbon regeneration mechanism are studied.The results show that microwave has good effect on iron-carbon regeneration and iron-carbon also has powerful internal electrolysis ability as virgin after being regenerated.The decoloration rate can reach 56.59% when iron-carbon is regenerated once,microwave power and irradiation time is 450 W and 8 min separately. | eng_Latn | 21,732 |
Diazotrophic growth of the unicellular cyanobacterium Gloeothece sp. PCC 6909 in continuous culture | The unicellular cyanobacterium Gloeothece sp. PCC 6909 was grown diazotrophically in continuous culture. Various light-dark regimes and dilution rates were applied. Nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction), oxygen-production and -consumption, and glycogen were measured over 24 h periods covering one complete light-dark cycle. Gloeothece fixed nitrogen predominantly in the light, concomitant with photosynthetic oxygen evolution. This result was found irrespective of the imposed light-dark regime or dilution rate. It is concluded that temporal separation of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation is not obligatory in Gloeothece. | ABSTRACT Inorganic chemical gels obtained by hydrolysis/condensation of organic precursors (alcoxides) contain alcohol and water mixture which fills pores of the gel. This mixture is either removed in supercritical conditions or by convective drying. During convective drying gels significantly shrink producing porous glass-like xerogels. Adding a third component called DCCA (Drying Control Chemical Additive) to sol crates a diffusional barrier which lowers the drying rate and also reduces cracking. This Paper presents formulation and solution of a rigorous model of multicomponent diffusion both in liquid and gas phase in the case of convective drying of a gel cylinder containing a ternary mixture of ethanol. water and formamide as DCCA. Details of the numerical technique and methods used for prediction of physico-chemical property data involved in the solution of the model are presented. A short discussion of the obtained results follow. The model can provide a basis for a more complex process description... | eng_Latn | 21,733 |
Aliphatic low molecular weight polyester polyols, their preparation and use in high-quality coatings | Low molecular weight polyester polyols having a weight-average molar mass M¶w¶ of up to 3500 g / mol, with hydroxyl numbers of 80-280 mg / g and acid numbers of 5 to 40 mg / g, comprising structural units derived from DOLLAR A aliphatic mono- or polycyclic polyhydroxy - or -epoxy-compounds having at least two hydroxyl or epoxide groups and at least one nitrogen atom in alpha position to a carbonyl group, aliphatic acyclic or cyclic polyhydroxy compounds containing three or more hydroxyl groups per molecule, linear or branched aliphatic dihydroxy compounds and aliphatic cyclic polycarboxylic acids, optionally in admixture with low molecular weight acrylate copolymers, can be processed to yield quick-drying paints and strorungsfreie surfaces. | The abrasive wear of blade tips in fluid catalytic cracking unit power recovery turbines is one of the principal ‘failure’ mechanisms for the parts. The occurrence of tip wear considerably shortens the effective life of the blade: generally well below the anticipated mechanical life of the component. This paper details the evaluation of mechanical properties and metallographic characteristics of a fully re-heat treated, Waspaloy on Waspaloy weldment for blade tip repair that will allow re-utilization of the blades.Copyright © 1990 by ASME | eng_Latn | 21,734 |
Forum on International Standards for Cryogenic Polymers and Composites | In the young science of cryogenics, an in-depth background knowledge has yet to be established in some areas. This is particularly true of the use of plastic materials in a cryogenic environment. For many applications, where plastic materials have been successfully employed, reports on these materials have attempted to establish this background. In many cases, however, such reports have either inadequately defined the material or used a manufacturer’s trade reference that is not clearly understood—particularly on an international basis—and, as a result, effective communication is inhibited, the value of the report is reduced, and progress is hindered. | Abstract The processes occurring during electron irradiation of cis-polybutadiene have been investigated. The concentration of unsaturated bonds decays during irradiation with the formation of intermolecular crosslinks, intramolecular cyclic structures and polyene groups. The decay processes can be described by equations which approximate to first order kinetics. Rate constants for the decay processes have been estimated from the experimental data. | eng_Latn | 21,735 |
New N-Phenylaminopyrazol derivatives and compositions and methods for dyeing hair | Novel N-phenyl amino pyrazole derivatives of general formula (I) in which R is hydrogen, C1 to C4 alkyl or C2 to C4 hydroxy alkyl, R and R may be the same or different and represent hydrogen, an amino or C1 to C4 alkyl radical and R is hydrogen, C1 to C4 alkyl, halogen or C1 to C4 alkoxy, and hair colorants containing these compounds. | Poly(norborne) as novel engineering plastics has attracted great attention of chemists and engineers due to its various applications as thermostable,optical,dielectric and photoresist polymers.In this paper,polynorborne had been studied in the process of electrospinning and made into fiber which was in micro and nano scope.Some parameters influenced fiber diameter were discussed such as molecular weight,electric potential,concentration,screen distance.The surface tension decreased when increased the solution concentration,we gained the thickest PNB fiber from the PNB with the biggest molecular weight. | eng_Latn | 21,736 |
Polymorphism of a glass forming plastic crystal: A kinetic investigation | The glassy crystalline state designates the frozen state of the rotator phase of some molecular crystals. These systems are very suitable for investigating the vitrification and the crystallization processes as well as the interrelations between these two processes. This paper sheds light on this problem through a kinetic investigation of the glass forming plastic crystal (cyanoadamantane)1−x (chloroadamantane)x for x=0.25. A careful study of both the equilibrium phase diagram and the mode of transformation upon deep quenching conditions has been performed by time resolved x‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry in a variety of thermal treatments. The results reveal a complex kinetic behavior corresponding to the imbrication of the kinetics toward two low temperature phases: (IV) and (III). Phase (IV) is found to be metastable with respect to phase (III) and only appears upon specific thermal treatments which are clearly established. The conditions in which the monotropic transition betwee... | Organic materials for optical data storage applications is a fascinating and growing field of research [1]. Of special interest are liquid-crystalline polymers (LCPs), especially side chain polymers [2]. They have been proposed as optical recording media by many authors [3–6]. | eng_Latn | 21,737 |
Method and device for plasticising thermoplastics | A method for plasticizing thermoplastic material is performed in an apparatus which has a rotatably driven outer cylinder (8) and a rotatably drivable herein arranged inner cylinder (5). Between the cylinders (5, 8) is a plasticizing gap (14). There is a top opening into the plasticating feed gap (30) for melted plastic material and a feeding (30) in the direction of rotation downstream outlet (17) provided for the molten plastic. Furthermore, at least one heater (22, 26) for heating the plastic in the plasticizing-gap (14) is provided. The plasticizing gap (14) narrows in the direction of rotation. | Abstract Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the effect of the molecular weight of well-defined polystyrene samples, the effect of heating and cooling rates, sample weight on the specific heat under and above the glass transition temperature Tg. It has been found, that the Cp of polystyrene was indirectly proportional to molecular weight increased up to M n = 100,000. The Tg was increasing with molecular weight up to M = 300,000 and then levelled off which was in agreement with data obtained for activation energies and rates of polystyrene degradations. Another weak transition, “third order” T1.1 has been observed after the samples were quenches from 250°C to the temperature of ice water. The effect of M on T1.1 was similar to the one on Tg. After levelling off ( M = 300,000) the T1.1 was 178°C and Tg = 108°C. | eng_Latn | 21,738 |
Structure Morphology Flow of Polymer | The chemical composition, configuration and molecular arrangement determine the structure of polymer. The physical structure of polymer is the morphology of polymer | Overview of physical mechanisms of photopolymers formations for laser and holographic applications. | eng_Latn | 21,739 |
Partial Protection of Carbohydrate Derivatives. Part 27.1 Further Improvement in the Protecting Procedure for Oligonucleotide Synthesis in Terms of a Cellulose Acetate Derivative as a Polymer-Support | Abstract Utilization of a (3-carboxy)propionyl spacer for the cellulose acetate polymer-support, a comparative study of 2-cyanoethyl and diphenylcarbamoyl protecting groups for the O 6-position of the guanosine unit, protecting groups for 1-β-D-ribofur-anosylthymine (rT) and pseudouridine (Ψ) is described in connection with the syntheses of oligoribonucleotides, i.e., a tridecamer, ApAp-GpGpApApApApUpUpApUpG, and a dodecamer, UpCpCpGpGprTp-ΨpGpApUpU. | This paper presents an inferential property prediction scheme for a high pressure polyethylene autoclave reactor. The development of a dynamic model of the process is described. It was derived from a consideration of the reaction mechanism and uses reaction temperatures, pressure and gas composition to predict the degree of polymerisation of the polymer. The values of certain key parameters in the model were derived from steady state data from the ICI Alkathenc plant at Botany Site. The model was shown to predict the degree of polymerisation during grade transition with an appropriate accuracy although it benefited from an on-line adaption scheme. | eng_Latn | 21,740 |
Hexaaquacobalt(II) Bis(2-aminotoluene-4-sulfonate) | The title compound, [Co(H2O)6](C7H8NO3S)2, has a structure built of segregated layers of hexaaquacobalt(II) cations and 2-aminotoluene-4-sulfonate anions. The Co atom is in a fairly regular octahedral coordination environment of water molecules [Co—O range 2.046 (3)–2.111 (3) A]. The anions are arranged with the sulfonate groups directed to opposite faces of the layer in an alternating fashion. The layers are held together by a series of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the water molecules and sulfonate O atoms [H⋯O range 1.89 (4)–2.10 (4) A]. The Mn and Zn salts are isostructural. These features are similar to those of other divalent metal organosulfonate salts. | Aiming at the problems existing in conventional cotton fabric bleaching such as high temperature and strength loss,a peroxide bleaching activator was prepared,and the main effective component was nonanoyloxy benzenesulfonate sodium(NOBS).The optimal synthetic conditions were as follows: 4-phenolsulfonate sodium was dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution(mole ratio of 1∶1),and then tetrabutyl ammonium bromide 5% was added.The mole ratio of nonanoyl chloride to 4-phenolsulfonate sodium was 1.3∶1 reacting at 30 ℃ for 80 min.The resulting product,without being separated,could be used as the peroxide bleaching activator and applied directly to the scouring and bleaching of pure cotton knitgoods.This peroxide bleaching activator offers such benefits as lowering bleaching temperature(80 ℃),acceptable bleaching effect,and less strength loss and energy consumption. | vie_Latn | 21,741 |
Degradation of copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone with sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate in aqueous solutions | The kinetics of controllable degradation of N-vinylpyrrolidone-sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate copolymers in aqueous solutions under the action of degrading agents at 25-50°C were studied by viscometry. The efficiency of controlling the molecular weight of copolymer was estimated. | Provided are a method for preparing a plastic lens which has a high refractive index, a high Abbe's number and an excellent mechanical strength and is suitable for a plastic lens for glasses, and its plastic lens. The method comprises the step of polymerizing a prepolymer obtained by mixing 0.1-10 wt% of sulfur based on the total amount of mixture and a compound having an epithio group and reacting them, a polyisocyanate compound, and a polythiol compound. Preferably the ratio of the polyisocyanate compound to the polythiol compound is 1.0 or more by the molar ratio of -SH group/-NCO group; the polyisocyanate compound is a compound having an aliphatic ring or an aromatic ring; and the sulfur has a boiling point of 120 deg.C and a purity of 98 % or more and its impurities are removed. | eng_Latn | 21,742 |
Dispersion of adsorbing emulsion polymer particles | The present invention relates to a process which comprises forming a stable aqueous dispersion of the preformed particles projected by contacting a stable aqueous dispersion of polymer particles formed in the preliminary and the monomer emulsion under emulsion polymerization conditions, due to polymerization of the monomer emulsion from the polymer particles as; The multi-stage polymer particles represent pigment particles with excellent screen synthesis. In another aspect, the present invention relates to compositions related to the pre-formed particles. | The invention tax injection step for injecting a minute used to dissolve detergent tax towards the laundry in the drum; Tax penetration step of waiting for a predetermined time so that the amount of a tax the ejection can be absorbed by the laundry; By spraying the laundry towards the hot steam of the steam rinse step of rinsing the laundry; And polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (polyoxyethylene alkylether) of the minutes using detergent, comprising: a drying step of supplying hot air to the drum to dry the laundry is absorbed the steam is from 5 to 10% by weight; 3 to 5% by weight of sodium echil hexyl sulfate (sodium ethylhexyl sulfate); And to a laundry treatment process comprising the remaining amount of water. | eng_Latn | 21,743 |
Compressor/ high speed permanent magnet motor system | The utility model provides a compressor/high speed permanent magnet motor system, belonging to the motor technical field. The compressor megawatt high speed frequency conversion motor comprises a cooling water sleeve, a stator iron core, a stator winding, a stator radial direction air channel, a stator inner air channel, a magnet rotor, two sliding bearings and two compressor impellers. The advantages of the utility model lie in that: 1. the problems of severe heating and uneven temperature of a high speed motor rotator can be effectively solved; 2. the problems of too high temperature of the stator iron core and too large axial-temperature gradient are solved; 3. the compressor/high speed permanent magnet motor system can mechanically solve strength problems of a permanent magnet under the condition that a rotor is rotating at high speed and also electromagnetically effectively prevents higher harmonic from penetrating into the permanent magnet to generate additional loss. | In the pilot study on the treatment of polyvinyl chloride centrifugal mother liquid wastewater by using a combination of MBR and RO,the removal efficiency of organics and suspending solid together with the capability to resist the impact of the system were researched.The changes of the biological phase in the MBR and the membrane fouling of both membranes were observed.The experiment results show that the total removal efficiency of COD was over 95%,the effluent less than 40 mg/L can meet the requirement of wastewater discharge standard.Furthermore,the effluent of the MBR can reach the polymerization reuse water standard with a water recovery more than 70% after being treated by antiosmosis,Ion exchange or EDI.Film properties are in a good state during the experiment. | eng_Latn | 21,744 |
The photoinitiated copolymerization of styrenesulfonate with methacrylate monomers in hydrotropic medium | Abstract Copolymers of styrenesulfonate (StyS) and methyl methacrylate, or hydroxyethyl methacrylate, were prepared by photoinitiated polymerization using the cationic dye Safranine. The reactions were be carried out at StyS concentrations higher than the MHC (0.10–0.15 M) where the monomer forms aggregates. The size of these aggregates depends on the amount of the methacrylic monomer present in the mixture prior to polymerization. The amount of the non-aromatic monomers incorporated in the polymers is mainly determined by the relative reactivity ratios. In the case of HEMA, the lower amount of methacrylate in the aggregates will reduce its proportion in the final polymer. The distribution of the monomers in the copolymers is random, as deduced from the behaviour of the emission spectra, especially the relation between the band corresponding to isolated phenyl rings and that of interacting aromatic systems. | The properties of the system EHEC/SDS/water in solution show considerable time dependence during several hours after preparation. The paper discusses various reasons for this time dependence. Similar time dependence in polymer solutions has been observed elsewhere. It is found that although the system properties vary, a true equilibrium is finally attained for all compositions. The most pronounced time dependence is shown in a region close to and above the CMC of a pure surfactant solution and for polymer concentrations at least equal to the critical overlap concentration. It is proposed that part of the explanation resides in the fact that in the solution preparation there appears intermediate states corresponding to high local polymer concentrations. Some quantitative aspects of the time dependence are also discussed. | eng_Latn | 21,745 |
Statistical scanning method for the optimization of gradient elution high performance liquid chromatography | A computer-assisted method is presented for the optimization of separation in gradient elution reversed-phase HPLC. The method is based on a polynomial estimation from nine preliminary experiments according to a two-factor (initial solvent composition C and gradient time T) rectangular design. This is followed by a two-dimension computer scanning technique. Resolution is used as the selection criterion. Good agreement was obtained between predicted data and experimental results. | This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Identification of the Best Linear Approximation Using Random Excitations Generation of Uncertainty Bounds? Identification of the Best Linear Approximation Using Periodic Excitations Advises and Conclusions ]]> | eng_Latn | 21,746 |
Mechanistic Study of the Biomimetic Synthesis of Flavonolignan Diastereoisomers in Milk Thistle | The mechanism for the biomimetic synthesis of flavonolignan diastereoisomers in milk thistle is proposed to proceed by single-electron oxidation of coniferyl alcohol, subsequent reaction with one of the oxygen atoms of taxifolin’s catechol moiety, and finally, further oxidation to form four of the major components of silymarin: silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, and isosilybin B. This mechanism is significantly different from a previously proposed process that involves the coupling of two independently formed radicals. | This paper presents an inferential property prediction scheme for a high pressure polyethylene autoclave reactor. The development of a dynamic model of the process is described. It was derived from a consideration of the reaction mechanism and uses reaction temperatures, pressure and gas composition to predict the degree of polymerisation of the polymer. The values of certain key parameters in the model were derived from steady state data from the ICI Alkathenc plant at Botany Site. The model was shown to predict the degree of polymerisation during grade transition with an appropriate accuracy although it benefited from an on-line adaption scheme. | eng_Latn | 21,747 |
Substrate processing apparatus and focus ring | A substrate treating apparatus and a focus ring are provided to sufficiently adhere the focus ring to a heat transfer layer by forming the heat transfer layer through a printing process. A substrate treating apparatus includes a receiving chamber, a mounting frame, and a focus ring(24). The receiving chamber receives a substrate. The mounting frame is disposed in the receiving chamber and the substrate is mounted on the mounting frame. The focus ring is disposed on the mounting frame to enclose a peripheral portion of the mounted substrate. The focus ring has a ring shape. A heat transfer layer(39) is formed on the surface of focus ring contacted with the mounting frame. The printing process is one of a screen print process, a coating process, and a spray print process. The heat transfer layer is formed by an elastic member. | The paper reviewed the modification of attapulgite with H_2SO_4 of different consentration, and its further application in Pb-containing wasted water treatment. The absorption time and pH of sample wasted water which affect the elimination of Pb? ion from the sample were investigated. The specific surface area test were adopted to define the mechanics of modification. Results showed that the optimal absorption condition was the attapulgite been treated in 4mol/L H_2SO_4. The increase of specific surface area attribute to the asymmetry and incontinuity dissolution of inner octahedron structure, and the segmental corrosion of cubic Si induced the unclose and amplify of inner holes. The modified attapulgite been used in Pb-containing wasted water treatment its absoption portion approached 99%. The optimal technological conditions were 20～30?g/L attapulgite addition, sample pH 4～6 and with 20?min supersonic stiring. | eng_Latn | 21,748 |
Polymer crystallization kinetics: Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(phenylene sulfide) | Analysis of isothermal crystallization data of PET and PPS was carried out using Avrami and Tobin models. The models gave fractional values of exponent n and the standard deviation varied between 1 and 4%. No improvement in the standard deviation could be obtained even after incorporating the nucleation rate in these models. The Hillier model gave a good fit only to the isothermal crystallization data of PET. A simple model considering primary and secondary crystallization has been proposed. The model is verified using isothermal crystallization data of PPS. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | In this paper, the method of phosphate surfactant is introduced and the product is similar to natural lecithin in property. The optimum technological conditions : reaction temperature; 120℃, time: 5h, rate: n (ether); n (pocl3) =2. 9: 1 | eng_Latn | 21,749 |
Rapid Determination of Melamine Residue in Poultry Eggs Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Detection Method | A high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of melamine in poultry eggs was developed.The sample treatment consisted of extraction with 0.5 mol·L-1 lactic acid solotion-acetonitrile(volume ratio 35∶65),high speed centrifugation and filtration.The resulting supernatant was detected by HPLC with ultroviolet detector at 240 nm.The mobile phase consisted of 0.05 mol·L-1 phosphate buffer-acetonitrile(volume ratio 60∶40) and the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.Within the range of 0.25 to 10.00 mg·kg-1 melamine in eggs,good linearity was obtained(R≥0.999).The recoveries from fortified samples at three levels(0.25,2.50,10.00 mg·kg-1)were higher than 93%,with good RSD(8%).The method is of good reproducibility,high sensitivity,and expedience and can be applied for the rapid determination of melamine residue in poultry eggs. | Abstract : Previous studies have shown that polymeric materials may be synthesized from substituted phenols and aromatic amine compounds through a Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) enzyme catalyzed reaction in the bulk. We have developed a novel approach for this enzyme mediated polymer synthesis which involves in-situ polymerization using a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Here, the LB technique is used to organize and manipulate the reactants during polymerization at the molecular level. This methodology provides direct control over the resulting structure, order and orientation of the final polymeric material. This enhanced control leads to improved processability, tensile strength, and functional properties for the polymers. This new synthetic approach and the resultant ordered polymer product can form the basis for intelligent material design. Langmuir-Blodgett, Horseradish peroxidase, Aromatic amine, Enzyme, Phenol. | eng_Latn | 21,750 |
Interaction of Aqueous Polyethylene Glycol Solutions with Iodine | An experimental study of the interaction of iodine with the ether linkage of some polyethylene glycols was made. The conditions for producing 1:1 complexes of were determined. Some qualitative observations are presented on the effects of polymer weight, polymer-iodine ratios in solution, and on the behavior of these complexes in analytical reactions. | This paper contrasts normal biochemistry reaction with MUG - Indole quick - examination in the suspicious strain of E. coli. The result shows: the biochemistry reaction of this strain conforms with national stardard in the normal examing times, and this strain is non - typical E. coli, but if citrate utilization time is extended to 144 hours, the result is changed to - + - +. The examination of MUG - Indole are negative at all. | eng_Latn | 21,751 |
Enzyme Catalyzed 2-D Polymerization of Phenol and Aniline Derivatives on a Langmuir-Blodgett Through | Abstract : Previous studies have shown that polymeric materials may be synthesized from substituted phenols and aromatic amine compounds through a Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) enzyme catalyzed reaction in the bulk. We have developed a novel approach for this enzyme mediated polymer synthesis which involves in-situ polymerization using a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Here, the LB technique is used to organize and manipulate the reactants during polymerization at the molecular level. This methodology provides direct control over the resulting structure, order and orientation of the final polymeric material. This enhanced control leads to improved processability, tensile strength, and functional properties for the polymers. This new synthetic approach and the resultant ordered polymer product can form the basis for intelligent material design. Langmuir-Blodgett, Horseradish peroxidase, Aromatic amine, Enzyme, Phenol. | A method of manufacturing a strongly adherent coating on an inorganic or organic base, on a) an inorganic or organic base, low-temperature plasma treatment, subjected to corona discharge treatment or flame treatment, b) on the inorganic or organic substrate, one more photoinitiators or mixtures of photoinitiators with monomers or / and oligomers containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, or solutions of the above materials, applying the suspension or emulsion, and optionally, c) using suitable methods, or dry these foregoing materials, and the method of irradiating with / or electromagnetic waves, the formula (I), (II), (III) and / or (IV): IN-L-RG (I) , IN-L-RG 1 -L 1 -H (II), IN-L-RG 1 -L 1 -IN 1 (III), IN-L-RG 1 -L 1 - , Monoacyl phosphine, be a mono-acylphosphine oxide or monoacylphosphine sulfide photoinitiator group; L, L | eng_Latn | 21,752 |
Polymer Design in the Anionic Polymerisation of Butadiene and Styrene | As a result of the improved understanding of the relation between styrene/butadiene copolymer architecture and the relevant tyre properties there is an increasing demand for tailor-made ‘multiple-Tg’ SBR copolymers. In this paper it is shown how the ‘semi-steady-state batch process’ in combination with a simple kinetic model of the S/B copolymerisation can be used to prepare various random SBR block copolymers in which the blocks may differ substantially in styrene and vinyl content. | Attention was paid to seventeen samples of polynitro arenes. Stability of these nitrocompounds was specified by means of non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Linear relationships were specified between the positions of TG-onsets and the mass of the samples. The relation of slopes of the mentioned relationships to the rate constants of the thermal decomposition under condition of Russian manometric method (SMM) was confirmed and solved for studied polynitro arenes. These arene derivatives were classified into several groups in the sense of this relation. The classification was interpreted by dominating influence of intermolecular interaction factors on the corresponding TG-onsets positions. The found relations can be used for the TG results conversion to the parameters, which are comparable with SMM outputs. | eng_Latn | 21,753 |
The infra-red spectra of cyclobutane compounds | In an attempt to locate possible characteristic frequencies of the C4-ring, the I.R. spectra of 191 cyclobutane derivatives have been examined. It appears that from the standpoint of spectroscopic analysis, a distinction must be made between compounds in which all the ring carbons are tetrahedrally co-ordinated, and those in which one or more ring carbons are trigonally co-ordinated. The most useful correlations appear to be a band near 1235 cm−1 for cyclobutane compounds with at least one ring methylene group, and a band near 915 cm−1 for mono- and 1,1-disubstituted cyclobutanes; both absorptions are thought to arise from ring methylene motions. Less frequently a band is found close to 750 cm−1, which may reflect an in-plane bending of the ring. | This paper demonstrates the application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging to the non-destructive study of polypropylene blends and micro-composites. We discuss the FTIR imaging capabilities and limitations of the Perkin-Elmer Spotlight 400 infrared microscope. The spatial resolution of the Spotlight 400 is diffraction limited to the order of 10 micrometers. Spotlight 400 reduces the time it takes to view a complete image of the specimen including chemical variations of materials. We have imaged polypropylene blends, polypropylene-talc composites. The filler size range used was 10 to 50 micrometers. This paper discusses the specimen topology adapted to study polymers and polymer-like materials using FTIR imaging. | eng_Latn | 21,754 |
An efficient method for the esterification of amino acids using silica chloride | Abstract A very mild and efficient method for the esterification of N-protected amino acid using silica chloride as a hetrogenous catalyst has been described. This method was found to be very effective on variety of N-protected amino acids as well as on N-protected dipeptides with quantitative yield at faster rate. | This is a simulation code involving an ALE (arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian) hydrocode with AMR (adaptive mesh refinement) and pluggable physics packages for material strength, heat conduction, radiation diffusion, and laser ray tracing developed a LLNL, UCSD, and Berkeley Lab. The code is an extension of the open source SAMRAI (Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement Application Interface) code/library. The code can be used in laser facilities such as the National Ignition Facility. The code is alsi being applied to slurry flow (landslides). | eng_Latn | 21,755 |
The development of controlled-release antioxidants: A successful system demonstrated by its effect on the stabilisation of rubber | Abstract Some of the most efficient antioxidants are mobile species which are too readily lost from the host polymer. This problem can be overcome by encapsulating such antioxidants to allow their controlled release into the host polymer so that an effective concentration of antioxidant is maintained. Methods of encapsulation are briefly reviewed, and it is argued that ‘matrix’ type encapsulation (rather than ‘balloon’ type) is preferable. Details are given of the preparation and performance of one such system: the controlled-release of the antioxidant BHT from alginate matrix particles. Results obtained by TGA, TG-MS, and DSC demonstrate that controlled release can be successfully achieved, and that polyisoprene rubber is more resistant to oxidation when protected in this way than by the equivalent local concentration of unencapsulated antioxidant. | Soft sensor software based on artificial neural network(ANN) using BP or RBF structure is developed to calculate unmeasured variables online.Some important topics including how to determine the delay time,how to simulate the dynamic system are discussed and solved.3 layers BP network is applied to identify the delay time of nonlinear system,output variables is feedbacked to input layer and all the input variables are weighted to describe dynamic characteristics of the system.This makes the ANN soft sensor reflect truly both the static and dynamic characteristics of a system and provides more accuracy and adaptability. | eng_Latn | 21,756 |
Toward a trace-free oxidant - Insight into unexpected high yields of vapor phase polymerized polyterthiophene | Vapor phase polymerization of polyterthiophene using iron (III) para-toluenesulfonate showed c.a. 2.3 times the expected yield of polyterthiophene based on the amount of iron (III). This is explained through a mechanism where part of the para-toluenesulfonate is gradually converted to SO3 and toluene, and that the reduction of SO3 is driving the oxidation of the additional terthiophene. This finding opens a possible polymerization route for conducting polymers where the oxidant is leaving no trace in the end product. | This article describes how pure Ty-VLPs (virus-like particles) can be prepared from hybrid Ty-VLPs. Many different hybrid Ty-VLPs have been produced and may be easily purified. Since the sedimentation properties of different hybrid Ty-VLPs are similar, a simple purification process can be used for any VLP. This fast, versatile, and easy process allows for the production of a variety of recombinant proteins. | eng_Latn | 21,757 |
Development thermoplastic elastomer-based fiber-metal laminate for vibration damping application | Abstract The presented work is devoted to the development of a hybrid composite material – fiber metal laminate based on basalt fabric (BF), with increased damping properties, due to the use of a new thermoplastic elastomer binder. The synthesis method and properties of the new polymer which is a multiblock copolymers of poly (urethaneamidoimide) is shown. The mechanical and damping characteristics of FML based on synthesized polymer were studied. Their properties were compared with polysulfone-based FML. The developed material has a high tan δ value in the temperature range from −25 to 150 °C. | We present experimental and theoretical studies of the diffraction by an x-ray lamellar multilayer amplitude grating. The main diffraction properties of such a device are given. Experimental efficiency curves are obtained at 800 eV photon energy using synchrotron radiation. The features observed in these curves are identified and interpreted by means of two theoretical methods. Particular emphasis is given to structures observed for the first time which had been theoretically predicted. | eng_Latn | 21,758 |
Iminophosphorane-mediated synthesis of fused uracils. A faclle one-pot preparation of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives | The aza Wittig-type reaction of iminophosphoranes 3, 5-[(N-Arylimino)methyl]-6-[(triphenylphosphoranylidene)amino]-1, 3-dimethyl uracils, with aromatic isocyanates leads to the functionalized pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines 4. Iminophosphoranes 5, prepared from 3 by selective reduction with sodium borohydride, undergo dihydropyrimido annelation by reaction with isocyanates to give 7-amino-6-aryl-1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines 6. | Many microfluidic applications require modified surface wettability of the microchannels. Patterning of wettability within enclosed microfluidic structures at high spatial resolution has been challenging in the past. In this paper, we report an improved method for altering the surface wettability in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannels by UV-induced graft polymerization of poly(acrylic acid). Our method presents significant improvements in terms of wettability contrast and spatial resolution of the patterned structures as compared to recent literature and is in particular applicable to complex microfluidic structures with a broad range of channel sizes and aspect ratios. A key part of our work is the clear description of the surface treatment process with the identification of key parameters, some of which have been overlooked, neglected, or misinterpreted in previous works. We have studied these key parameters in detail and provide recommended values for each parameter supported by experimental re... | eng_Latn | 21,759 |
Potential and Challenges of Inkjet-Printing for Wearable Medical Devices [in press] | With the use of printing technologies, a veriety of materials can be structured onto the surface of potentially any substrate; thus opening up a great potential for versatile applications. Due to the additive manufacturing technique, the material consumption of printed systems is reduced in comparison to conventional manufacturing techniques. The advances in the development of functional inks allow not only for printing of electrical wiring, but also passive and active electronic devices. By using thin polymer substrates, surface-conformable and inexpensive electronic systems can be realised. With digital printing technologies like inkjet-printing and mounting of discrete components. | Copyright: 2015 Materials Research Society. Due to copyright restrictions, the attached PDF file only contains the abstract of the full text item. For access to the full text item, please consult the publisher's website. The definitive version of the work is published in Journal of Materials Research, 30(1), 66-78 | eng_Latn | 21,760 |
Composition for forming protective film for transparent conductive film | Provided is a composition for forming a protective film for a transparent conductive film, said composition comprising a triazine ring-containing hyperbranched polymer comprising a repeating unit structure represented by formula (1) and a crosslinking agent having a molecular weight of 1,000 or greater. In formula (1): R and R' independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group; and Ar represents a definite aromatic ring-containing group. | Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show production process developments and innovations that resolve many of the issues faced with certain process steps for printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing following “green” practices.Design/methodology/approach – Several key PCB manufacturing processes have been developed or studied with respect to new environmental legislations and practises.Findings – The introduction of new legislations designed to protect the environment require changes to laminate materials, solders, and PCB manufacturing techniques. The effect of new laminate materials on the desmearing and metallising processes have been assessed and recommendations given. The effect of increased thermal stress on plated copper has been assessed. Developments in adhesion enhancement for black oxide alternatives have been made and are presented with their suitability for the newer green laminate materials. The development of a new laminate manufacturing technique to reduce environmental impact is in... | eng_Latn | 21,761 |
Molecular-Imprinted, Polymer-Coated Quartz Crystal Microbalances for the Detection of Terpenes | A piezoelectric sensor coated with an artificial biomimetic recognition element has been developed for the determination of l-menthol in the liquid phase. A highly specific noncovalently imprinted polymer (MIP) was cast in situ on to the surface of a gold-coated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) electrode as a thin permeable film. Selective rebinding of the target analyte was observed as a frequency shift quantified by piezoelectric microgravimetry with the QCM. The detectability of l-menthol was 200 ppb with a response range of 0−1.0 ppm. The response of the MIP-QCM to a range of monoterpenes was investigated with the sensor binding menthol in favor of analogous compounds. The sensor was able to distinguish between the d- and l-enantiomers of menthol owing to the enantioselectivity of the imprinted sites. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing enantiomeric resolution within an MIP utilizing a single monomer-functional moiety interaction. It is envisaged that this technique could be employe... | A large quantity of scale exists on heat surfaces of evaporators of caustic soda liquor(saturated sodium chloride electrolyte).Although feeding poly(tetrafluoroethylene) particles into an evaporator and heat-transferring by a fluidized bed can fully prevent scale formation,only partial formed scale can be removed.The poly(tetrafluoroethylene) particles untreated with quenching showed poor abrasion performance with 22% wear rate after 10 weeks,despite better scale-preventing and scale-removing performance.Although the scale-preventing and scale-removing performance of quenched poly(tetrafluoroethylene) particles decreased slightly,their abration performance improved greatly and the wear rate is no more than 3% after 10 weeks nonstop running.So they could be used as inert solid anti- scaling particles. | eng_Latn | 21,762 |
Studies on Thermal Degradation Mechanism of Polycarbonate by Rapid Intrinsic Viscosity Method | The relation of the average viscose molecular mass of polycarbonate(PC) with temperature and time was obtained in the process of PC thermal degradation. Thermal degradation mechanism and kinetic equation of PC were studied. Three stages of oxygen absorption, ester exchange, and free radical reaction through PC thermal degradation process are proposed. Thermal degradation kinetics of oxygen absorption and ester exchange stages were studied in detail. | By blending Plastic grade PP chips and far-infrared matrices, the far-infrared special raw material with high melt index was prepared for high speed spinning. The influence of the spinning process parameters such as far-infrared special raw material 、desiccation condition、spinnerette、filter etc on spinnalbility of PP POY production were analyzed. The optimal technological parameters for far-infrared fine denier PP POY were determined. | eng_Latn | 21,763 |
Electrochemically induced silylation of unsaturated compounds | Abstract Electroreduction of some alkylchlorosilanes in the presence of difficult to reduce unsaturated compounds (phenylacetylene, styrene, cyclohexene) results in silylated products where the multiple bond has either reduced multiplicity (hydrosilylation) or the same multiplicity (silylation) depending on the nature of the starting compounds and conditions of electrolysis. | The DNA of lichee isolated culture was extracted by lauryl sodium sulfate and no-water-solution polyethylene pyrrolidone,which can effectively wipe off the polyphenol,tannin,pigment and other polyoses,and can provide hige quality DNA of lichee isolated culture which adopt to be as PCR cyclostyle to analyze RAPD.It is convenient and economic to extract DNA of lichee isolated culture. | eng_Latn | 21,764 |
Studies on epoxideised natural rubber and cis 1,4-polybutadiene blend | A new blend system based on epoxidised NR (ENR) and cis 1,4-polybutadiene (BR) is studied. The results of the studies on the miscibility behaviour, curing characteristics and physical properties as a function of blend ratio are reported. The blends are found to be immiscible at all blend ratios. Processing and vulcanisation behaviour of both the rubbers showed improvement. Physical properties of the gum vulcanisates are found to attain optimum values at around 60:40 ENR:BR blend ratio and at this blend ratio conventional vulcanisation system is found better compared to the efficient vulcanisation system for the physical properties | 1. ::: ::: Dialkyl N-butyl-N-isobutenylamidophosphites are readily oxidized by oxygen, react with methyl iodide to form the corresponding methyl phosphonates, and react with acetyl chloride to give a dialkyl chlorophosphite and N-butyl-N-isobutenylacetamide. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 2. ::: ::: Ethyl and triethylsilyl bis (N-butyl-N-isobutenylamido)phosphites react with carbon tetrachloride to form bis(N-butyl-N-isobutenylamido)chlorophosphate and 1,1,1-trichloropropane and trimethyltrichloromethylsilane, respectively. | eng_Latn | 21,765 |
Chemiluminescence in the oxidation of unsaturated hydrocarbons | 1. ::: ::: Formation of chemiluminescence emitters during the liquid-phase oxidation of olefins by molecular oxygen can proceed through peroxide radical disproportionation or through the breakdown of intermediate molecular oxidation products. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 2. ::: ::: A study of the kinetics of these processes has shown that the second of these two possibilities is realized through dioxetanes and polymeric peroxides formed by chain reactions in the oxidation process. | The authors report a simple method for the artificial fabrication of the complex three-dimensional (3D) ultrastructures of butterfly wing scales. This method uses chemical vapor deposition, UV lithography, and chemical etching to create the ultrastructures over a large area surpassing previously used focused ion beam techniques that are limited to microscopic areas. Furthermore, this method shows flexibility to modify nanostructure types and can precisely control shapes and dimensions and periodicity. Fabricated 3D ultrastructures are also replicated using a nanoimprint method into soft polymer materials. Reflectivity measurements and simulations of the master and polymer replicas show selective UV reflection consistent with the length scales used in such butterfly-like nanostructures. | eng_Latn | 21,766 |
Polymer blends containing phosphates | The present invention relates to compositions comprising a polycarbonate, a release agent having OH groups and oligomeric and new thermoplastic polymer mixture of phosphorus compound monomer. The present invention further relates to polymer mixtures for the preparation of such an optical data carrier, such as high density disc, video disc, and other write-once or more times and the use of optical data carrier can be removed, and to an optical data carrier thus prepared . | The property of biological degradation is used as the primary evaluation index in this article. By designing the radio of the monomer, the experiment tests the CODCr/BOD5 value of seven kinds of sizes, which are of different monomer ratios. The calibration experiment is the COD value of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) standard solution and the BOD value of Glucose and sodium glutamate salt standard solution. By using the optimum ratio of monomer, we synthesized the new acrylic sizing agent, which has a good biodegradation performance and can be biochemical. | eng_Latn | 21,767 |
Porous polytetrafluoroethylene film, method of preparation thereof, and air filter comprising polytetrafluoroethylene film | FIELD: chemical technology. SUBSTANCE: film is prepared by biaxial extraction of semisintered polytetrafluoroethylene material to degree of extraction of surface of at least 50 and thermal shrinkage of extracted material at temperature higher than polytetrafluoroethylene melting point. Average film pore size ranges from 0.2 mcm to 0.5 mcm, average fibril diameter ranges from 0.005 to 0.2 mcm and film thickness ranges from 0.5 mcm to 15 mcm. EFFECT: improved properties of the film and more efficient preparation method. 5 cl, 25 dwg, 1 tbl | MIL-T-28800 is a specification for the environmental requirements or test equipment. Authorization was obtained to convert MIL-T-28800 to a performance specification and reissue it as MIL-PRF-28800F to conform with the guidance provided for Acquisition Reform. The conversion was completed in June 1996. Major aspects of the conversion are discussed including the replacement of Military specification references with commercial and international standards references. | eng_Latn | 21,768 |
Effect of bleaching time and temperature on the radicular penetration of hydrogen peroxide. | Extracted human premolars were treated endodontically and bleached intracoronally. The teeth were bleached with 30% hydrogen peroxide for periods of 5, 20, 40 and 60 min at temperatures of 24 degrees C, 37 degrees C and 47 degrees C. A correlation for both bleaching time and temperature and the radicular penetration of hydrogen peroxide was found. No penetration was found after 5 min bleaching at any of the temperatures tested. Prolonging the bleaching time after 5 min increased the hydrogen peroxide penetration at each of the temperatures tested. A rise in the bleaching temperature also increased the hydrogen peroxide penetration although not significantly for all tested periods. It is therefore suggested to minimize the bleaching time and temperature when hydrogen peroxide is used as the oxidizing agent. Bleaching should be limited to separate 5-min periods rather than being performed over a long continuous period. | A dissolved oxygen sensor based on ruthenium(Ru) fluorescence and U-shape plastic optical fiber (POF) was described. ::: Dichlorotris (1, 10-phenanthroline) ruthenium (II) was used as an oxygen indicator, which was coated on to the surface ::: of a 1mm diameter U-shaped POF. Phase modulation technique is used to measure fluorescence lifetime. The phase ::: difference between 100% and 0% dissolved oxygen is 1.78 degree. By using the nonlinear assumption, we also calculate ::: that the there are only 20% thickness of the sensor material is affected by DO. | eng_Latn | 21,769 |
Carbon-containing, titanium dioxide-based photocatalyst, and process for producing the same | The invention relates to a titanium dioxide-based photocatalyst containing carbon that is highly photoactive in visible light (vlp-TiO2) and to a method of manufacture. The vlp-TiO2 is manufactured by mixing a fine grained titanium compount (BET>=50m /g) with an organic carbon compound and subsequent thermal treatment at temperatures up to 400 DEG C. The carbon content amounts to 0.05 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 0.8% by weight. The product is characterized by an ESR spectrum which displays only one significant signal in the g value range from 1.97 to 2.05 at g about 2.003. The inventive photocatalyst can be used for to degrade contaminants and pollutants in liquids and gases. | Objective To study the best extracting technology of Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.Methods The total polysaccharides and total saponins were determined by UV spectrophotometer.With the content of total polysaccharides and total saponins as comprehensive indexes,orthogonal test was applied to investigation of the water addition,extraction time,and extraction times for optimizing the best extracting technology.Results The best extracting technology was using 10 times the amount of water,extracting 3 times and 1.5 h per time.Conclusion The extraction technology is safe and effective,which can be used as extraction for Compound Taizishen Granule prescription. | eng_Latn | 21,770 |
Vibrational and NMR properties of polyynes | The bond-stretching phonon modes of linear polyynes with hydrogen atom termination at the both ends are calculated as a function of chain length within the density functional theory. The frequency of one of two particular Raman active phonon modes monotonically decreases with the increase of polyyne chain length while that of the other one shows an oscillating behavior, consistent with previous Raman measurements. The relative Raman intensity of the two phonon modes are evaluated by optimized geometries for ground states and excited states. We also present a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) calculation for spin-spin coupling constants as a function of distance between hydrogen and carbon-13 nuclei and, within carbon-13 nuclei, up to the polyyne center of symmetry. We compare the calculated results with recent NMR experiments. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | Abstract The feasibility of using a silicone rubber membrane to separate mixtures of isopropyl alcohol and water, including the azeotropic composition, has been demonstrated and a quantitative measure of efficiency of separation has been developed. One of the problem areas in studying liquid permeation is the variability in the polymer membrane structure. Such factors as the presence of solvents and plasticizers, previous thermal history, previous solvent history, and the degree of crystallinity of the polymer behavior affect membrane behavior. However, as the polymers are better understood, these drawbacks for the researcher may be of advantage to those tailoring a polymer to a specific use. | eng_Latn | 21,771 |
Synthesis and characterization of oxyethylene copolymers with phenyl and/or 4,4'-biphenyl structural units in the backbone | This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of a new series of copolymers with a predominantly poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) backbone and phenyl and/or 4,4'-biphenyl structural units. Three copolymers, poly[oxyethylene]/poly[oxyphenylene] copolymer (1), poly[oxyethylene] /poly[oxybiphenylene] copolymer (2), and poly[oxyethylene]/poly[oxyphenylene]/poly [oxybiphenylene] copolymer (3), were prepared based on modifications of hydroquinone and/or 4,4'-biphenol copolymerized with dimesylates of various length polyethylene glycol)s (PEGs). Depending on their composition and chain length of PEGs used in the polymerization, the copolymers show liquid crystallinity or non-liquid crystallinity. | Abstract : The matrix parameters of a modified polyalkene bearing are, besides the elastic requirements, a high structural order and molecular symmetry. High-density polyethylene is superior to the branched types and the carbon-reinforced composites. It surpasses isotactic polybutene, which represents a highly ordered structure of lower symmetry. This makes high-density polyethylene the preferred matrix material for fluid lubrication application. (Author) | eng_Latn | 21,772 |
Synthesis of isoquinolines and pyridines via palladium-catalysed iminoannulation of allenes | Abstract Various isoquinolines and pyridines were prepared from aryl- and vinyl halides by a method which involves insertion of an allene into the PdC bond and intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the imine. | This paper presents an inferential property prediction scheme for a high pressure polyethylene autoclave reactor. The development of a dynamic model of the process is described. It was derived from a consideration of the reaction mechanism and uses reaction temperatures, pressure and gas composition to predict the degree of polymerisation of the polymer. The values of certain key parameters in the model were derived from steady state data from the ICI Alkathenc plant at Botany Site. The model was shown to predict the degree of polymerisation during grade transition with an appropriate accuracy although it benefited from an on-line adaption scheme. | eng_Latn | 21,773 |
Esterification of adipic acid with methanol over Amberlyst 35 | Abstract The kinetic behavior of heterogeneous esterification of adipic acid with methanol over acidic cation-exchange resin beads, Amberlyst 35, was investigated through a packed-bed reactor. The experiments were conducted at temperatures from 313.2 K to 343.2 K and the molar ratios of feed (methanol to acid) at 15 and 20. The reaction rate was found to increase with increasing temperature, but the equilibrium conversions of adipic acid were almost identical over the entire temperature range; that is, the heat effect of this reaction system was minor. It was also found that the equilibrium conversion of adipic acid increases slightly as the molar ratio of feed increasing from 15 to 20. The experimental results showed that the mass-transfer resistance could be neglected over the range of experimental conditions. The kinetic data were correlated with two quasi-homogeneous models. The model parameters were determined and their applicability was discussed. | PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject product composed of an acrylate elastomer and a partially hydrogenated nitrile rubber, having excellent oil deterioration resistance and thermal deterioration resistance and useful especially for belt, hose, etc., to be used near an automobile engine. SOLUTION: This cured product is produced by blending (A) 10-90 pts.wt. of a polyacrylate elastomer composed of (i)≥10mol% of a structural unit of formula I (R 1 is a 4-8C alkyl), (ii) 0-30mol% of a structural unit of formula II (R 2 is a 2-12C alkoxyalkyl) and (iii) the remaining part of a structural unit of formula III (R 3 is a 1-3C alkyl) (the sum of (i) to (iii) is 100mol%) and (B) 90-10 pts.wt. of a partially hydrogenated nitrile rubber having an unsaturation degree of 0.1-20% and curing the obtained blend with a peroxide. COPYRIGHT: (C)1997,JPO | eng_Latn | 21,774 |
Tailoring fluorene-based oligomers for fast photopatterning | We present a simple and efficient strategy for the synthesis of acrylate-functionalized oligofluorenes. Within one single synthetic step photopatternable oligofluorenes with variable acrylate contents and molecular weights are formed. The Yamamoto condensation yields well defined oligomers by the direct polymerization of fluorene acrylates. The acrylate contents of the oligomers was varied from 10% to 100% by a statistical co-oligomerization. Photolithography experiments showed that for the species with highest acrylate content a crosslinking time of only 30 seconds leads to well resolved polyfluorene patterns. A minimum lateral resolution of 1 µm was achieved. | In this paper, we have presented an effective yield improvement methodology that can help both manufacturing ::: foundries, fabless and fab-lite companies to identify systematic failures. It uses the physical addresses of failing bits ::: from wafer sort results to overlay to inline wafer defect inspection locations. The inline defect patterns or the design ::: patterns where overlay results showed matches were extracted and grouped by feature similarity or cell names. The potentially problematic design patterns can be obtained and used for design debug and process improvement. | eng_Latn | 21,775 |
Photochemical dimerization in solution of arylacrylonitrile derivatives | Abstract The photochemical irradiation of acrylonitrile derivatives bearing either aromatic or heteroaromatic rings as substituents on C-3 gives dimeric products. The reactions were carried out in acetonitrile in the presence of benzophenone as sensitizer. The most abundant dimer showed a structure similar to dimeric compounds isolated in Caribbean sponges showing antimicrobial activity. The regiochemical control in the formation of the dimers can be rationalised considering the overlap of the frontier orbitals involved in the reaction. The stereochemistry can be explained considering the heat of formation of the dimers: the most stable dimers are formed. | This paper presents an inferential property prediction scheme for a high pressure polyethylene autoclave reactor. The development of a dynamic model of the process is described. It was derived from a consideration of the reaction mechanism and uses reaction temperatures, pressure and gas composition to predict the degree of polymerisation of the polymer. The values of certain key parameters in the model were derived from steady state data from the ICI Alkathenc plant at Botany Site. The model was shown to predict the degree of polymerisation during grade transition with an appropriate accuracy although it benefited from an on-line adaption scheme. | eng_Latn | 21,776 |
“One-pot” random terpolymerization of styrene, isoprene and butadiene with Nd-based catalyst | Random styrene-isoprene-butadiene rubber (SIBR) were achieved with the catalyst system composed of neodymium isopropoxide (Nd(OiPr)3), methylaluminoxane (MAO) and indene. This catalyst proved to be highly effective in cyclohexane even at low [Al]/[Nd] ratio (ca. 50) to give styrene-rich terpolymer with high number-average molecular weight (Mn) and narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn). Indene was critical to improve the coordination of styrene. High temperature was beneficial to increase the yield. Aliphatic solvents (hexane and cyclohexane) achieved a higher Mn of polymer than toluene as a solvent. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and composition of SIBR can be controlled by tuning the feed ratio of monomers. All the products have been fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatograph (GPC), and DSC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1772–1777, 2013 | The influences of Co-Cr-Pt-Ta sputtering-target microstructure on C/Co-Cr-Pt-Ta/Cr/glass films were investigated. The sputtering target consisted of a Co solid solution matrix and Ta- and Pt-rich precipitates. Annealing and rolling can increase the Pt and Ta content of the matrix. When the film is made by using an annealed and rolled target, its Hc and S* become large and the Hc distribution becomes small. These changes are related to the film composition. Simple calculations related to the ejection angular distribution of sputtered particles and yields suggest that about compositional changes in films are brought by the differences in the target microstructures. | eng_Latn | 21,777 |
Copolymerization Kinetics of Synthesis of Styrene and Butadiene Rubber Using Tetrahydrofufuryethylether as a Polar Modifier Under the High Temperature | The butadiene/styrene rubber(SSBR) was synthesized with n-butyllithium as initiator, tetrahydrofufuryethylether(ETE) as polar modifier,cyclohexane/hexane as solvent by the high temperature polymerization technology.The effect of polymerization temperature,ETE/Li molar ratio and initiator concentration on the copolymerization kinetics of styrene and butadiene was investigated.The results show that ETE is a very effective polar modifier for SSBR synthesis by using the high temperature polymerization technology,it displays nice activity under the high temperature.ETE obviously increases the rate of copolymerization and adjustes the rate of Bd and St polymerization.The polymerization kinetics parameters were analyzed and investigated also. | In this paper, the method of phosphate surfactant is introduced and the product is similar to natural lecithin in property. The optimum technological conditions : reaction temperature; 120℃, time: 5h, rate: n (ether); n (pocl3) =2. 9: 1 | eng_Latn | 21,778 |
Highly efficient decomposition of Remazol Brilliant Blue R using tubular reactor coated with thin layer of PdO. | In this work, we propose a novel approach to dye decomposition under subcritical water conditions using a continuous-flow tubular reactor coated with thin layer of PdO as a catalyst. Remazole Brilliant Blue R was used as an example of synthetic dyes. Hydrogen peroxide was used as an environmental-friendly oxidant as it leaves no residues after treatment. The effect of temperature, pressure and dye concentration on total organic carbon (TOC) removal were studied. 99.9% of TOC removal was achieved at 300 °C and 10 MPa pressure within a short residence time of 3.2 s. This method provided an efficient and rapid process that has a potential for treating a wide range of textile wastewaters. | (A) a carboxyl group-containing resin having at least one carboxyl group in one molecule, (B) a photopolymerization initiator having an oxime bond represented by the following general formula (I), (C) a reactive diluent, and (D) a photocurable and thermosetting composition containing an epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule, the photopolymerization initiator (B) is at least the carboxyl group-containing resin ( the compositions formulated in a) and the reactive diluent (C) is formulated into separate compositions, are compositions in at least two-part system. | eng_Latn | 21,779 |
Method for producing hop bract polyphenol | Hop bract as a raw material efficiently, and a method for producing highly purified hop bract polyphenol, and food or drink using the purified high degree of hop bract polyphenol, cosmetics, provides a pharmaceutical. After extracting the hop bract in an aqueous alcohol solution, the extract was concentrated to a residual alcohol concentration 0.5% to 2%, it is a method of making a hop polyphenols by performing centrifugation and / or filtration step. The polyphenols can be used to foods and beverages, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, etc.. | Here,the acetic waster water was disposed by pressure bio film method through the principle of Dolton partial pressure law,the experiment results show that increasing air pressure would not harm microoraganism,otherwise,it would be benefit to the bio film oxidation processes.The removal efficiency of COD was increasing 30%-50% at 0.2 MPa and 0.3 MPa atomsphere pressure compared with normal pressure. | eng_Latn | 21,780 |
Interactions between brightener and chloride ions on copper electroplating for laser-drilled via-hole filling | Blind vias with hole sizes of 85 and 110 μm formed by laser ablation on printed circuit boards were employed for investigation of filling by copper electroplating. The plating solution formulated was composed of acid copper sulfate, polyethylene glycol, 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (MPS). and chloride ions. A "bottom-up" filling behavior had been observed with an appropriate MPS concentration. When MPS concentration was higher than 5.6 X 10 - 6 mol/L, conformal deposition occurred. However, this situation could be altered by adding more chloride ions into the plating solution to recover the behavior of bottom-up filling. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the recovely of bottom-up filling behavior is due to CuCl crystals formed by a synergistic effect between NIPS and chloride ions. The synergistic effect results in acceleration of copper growth in via holes. These experimental results agree with the curvature-enhanced accelerator coverage mechanism. | The present invention (A) a resin containing a lactone structure and a cyano repeating unit (A1) having the group, and its solubility in an alkaline developer increases by the action of an acid; (B) a compound capable of generating an acid by irradiation of actinic ray or radiation; And (C) relates to a positive resist composition comprising a solvent. | eng_Latn | 21,781 |
Preparation and gas uptake of microporous organic polymers based on binaphthalene-containing spirocyclic tetraether | Abstract Based on a spirocyclic tetraether derived from pentaerythritol and [1,1′-binaphthalene]-2,2′-diol, three porous organic polymers ( SPOP-7∼9 ) were prepared through Suzuki reaction, Sonogashira–Hagihara reaction, and thiophene-based oxidative coupling polymerization, respectively. According to the obtained nitrogen physisorption isotherms, these polymers show permanent microporous nature with the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area varying between 280 and 860 m 2 g −1 . Uptake capacities of the polymers for gases (hydrogen and carbon dioxide) were also studied. Polymer SPOP-9 prepared by oxidative coupling polymerization possesses the highest carbon dioxide adsorption capacity (12.6 wt %) among the three polymers at 1.0 bar and 273 K. Polymer SPOP-7 shows moderate hydrogen adsorption capacity (1.43 wt %) at 1.0 bar and 77 K. | The present invention relates to the use of a combination of preparatory steps in conjunction with mass spectrometry and time of flight detection methods to maximize the diversity of biopolymers can be verified in the particular sample. Then, the population of biopolymers verified in such a sample is be inspected for its ability Teru's evidence at least one condition, whereby the diagnostician, the relative presence and / or recognition of the absence of the biopolymer at least give the ability characterizes any single pathology presence or absence, and predicting the risk assessment of disease, and it is possible to expand the treatment for the disease. | eng_Latn | 21,782 |
Effect of Passivation Film of Tinplates on Adhesion of Lacquer Studied by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy | The superficial and inner microstructure of passivation film on tinplates was analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and its effect on the adhesion of lacquer was examined.It was found that Cl coming from the passivation fluid was introduced into the passivation film as an impurity during cathodic passivation process.A higher content of Cl led to significantly decreased adhesion of the lacquer.Cr(OH)3 in the passivation film had a great effect on the adhesion of the lacquer.Namely,the higher the content of Cr(OH)3 was,the weaker the adhesion of the lacquer would be.In the meantime,a small amount of superficial metallic Cr was beneficial to increasing the adhesion of the lacquer,but the total content of Cr in the passivation film had a minor effect on the lacquer adhesion. | The invention relates to an at least one side matt, biaxially oriented polyester film consisting of at least one base layer (B), of thermoplastic polyester and at least one on this base layer (B) deposited matt outer layer (A) that is at least 70 wt .-% of thermoplastic polyester. The outer layer (A) is distinguished by a characteristic matte surface or appearance and is well suited for use as packaging film or for applications in the industrial sector. The invention further relates to a method for the production of the film and their use. | eng_Latn | 21,783 |
Investigation of Spectroscopic and Thermal Properties of Poly(o‐toluidine) Doped with Polymeric Acids | Single step polymerization of poly(o‐toluidine) was carried out by using ammonium persulphate as an oxidizing agent. Formation of the conducting emeraldine salt phase of the polymer was confirmed by the UV‐visible and FT‐IR spectroscopic analysis. The elemental composition of the polymer was evaluated by using a CHNS analyzer. Thermal stability of these polymers was investigated by the thermogravimetric analysis. Among the three polymeric acids used for doping purposes, poly(acrylic acid) doped material was found to show less thermal stability compared to poly(styrene sulphonic acid) and poly(vinyl sulphonic acid) doped poly(o‐toluidine). | Abstract Optimized calculation of 209 PCBs was carried out at B3LYP/6-31G* level in gaussian 98 program. Based on the theoretical linear solvation energy relationship (TLSER) model, the obtained structural parameters were taken as theoretical descriptors to establish the novel QSPR model for predicting n -octanol/water partition coefficients (lg K ow ) of PCBs. The new model achieved in this work contains three variables, polarizability α , E LUMO and E HOMO , of which r 2 =0.9484, SD=0.18, with larger t values. In addition, the variation inflation factors (VIF) of variables in the present model are all less than 5.0, suggesting high accuracy of the lg K ow predicting model. And the results of cross-validation test ( q 2 =0.9455) and method validation also showed the model of this study exhibited optimum stability and better predictive power than semiempirical method. | eng_Latn | 21,784 |
Preparation and characterization of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) films on a modified glass surface via surface initiated redox polymerization | Abstract A functionalization with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) monolayer of a hydroxylated glass surface, followed by the surface initiated graft radical polymerization of N -isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) using amino groups of APTES monolayer chemical bonded with glass surface and Ce 4+ as a redox initiating system. The microstructure of poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) film obtained from the redox graft polymerization on the modified glass surfaces was examined by water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the results showed that about 60 nm thickness of thermosensitive polymer (PNIPAm) film successfully formed. | The present invention, ILD film while reducing the polishing scratches in CMP processes is possible to obtain a high polishing rate sufficiently and, furthermore it is difficult to have aggregation of the abrasive grain occurs, which provides a high CMP polishing liquid for the flatness is obtained, and a polishing method using the same and that for the purpose. Polishing solution for CMP of the present invention is a CMP polishing liquid for containing the abrasive grains and the additive and water, abrasive grains comprising a cerium-based particles, the additive to 4 Piron-based compound represented by Formula 1, and non- It includes at least one of ionic surfactants and cationic surfactants. [Wherein, X | eng_Latn | 21,785 |
Method for the treatment of a bleeding disorder | A method of identifying a non-anticoagulant sulfated polysaccharide (NASP) which is capable of enhancing blood coagulation in dependence of FXI, the method comprising: a) combining a blood or plasma sample having activation competent FXI with a sulfated polysaccharide and measuring the clotting or thrombin generation parameters of the blood or plasma sample; b) combining a corresponding blood or plasma sample deficient In activation competent FXI with a sulfated polysaccharide and measuring the clotting or thrombin generation parameters of the blood or plasma sample and c) comparing the clotting or thrombin generation parameters of the blood or plasma samples as determined in steps (a) and (b) with each other. | Abstract : Previous studies have shown that polymeric materials may be synthesized from substituted phenols and aromatic amine compounds through a Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) enzyme catalyzed reaction in the bulk. We have developed a novel approach for this enzyme mediated polymer synthesis which involves in-situ polymerization using a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Here, the LB technique is used to organize and manipulate the reactants during polymerization at the molecular level. This methodology provides direct control over the resulting structure, order and orientation of the final polymeric material. This enhanced control leads to improved processability, tensile strength, and functional properties for the polymers. This new synthetic approach and the resultant ordered polymer product can form the basis for intelligent material design. Langmuir-Blodgett, Horseradish peroxidase, Aromatic amine, Enzyme, Phenol. | eng_Latn | 21,786 |
Use of redox polymers graft for improved stability benzine thermoplastic molding, aromatic, polycarbonate and / or polyester carbonate. | PURPOSE OF THIS PATENT is the use of polymers SPECIAL GRAFT FOR IMPROVING THE RESISTANCE TO GASOLINE polycarbonates and / or polyester thermoplastic aromatic mixtures of polycarbonate and / or polyester WITH THESE POLYMERISED SPECIAL GRAFT AND, IF ANY, TERMOPLASTICAS WITH OTHER RESINS AND / OR EFFECTIVE AMOUNTS Customary additives, and also a process for obtaining these mixtures. | Abstract Pure and Pd, Pt and Os activated tin oxide thin films have been prepared by the sol–gel process. The physical properties have been investigated by various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to obtain information on chemical, structural and morphological composition of the layers. In particular microstructure and morphology has been shown to be dependent on the presence of the doping element. Integrated gas micro-sensors were obtained that showed the different sensing characteristics depending also on doping elements. PCA analysis was performed on an array consisting of the prepared sensors and the results have shown the capability to discriminate different air pollutants. | eng_Latn | 21,787 |
Study on Bismaleimide Triazine Resin Modified by Polyphenylene Ether | A kind of bismaleimide-triazine(BT) resin with high glass transition temperature(Tg),low dielectric constant(e) and low dielectric loss(tanδ) was synthesized from bismaleimide(BMI) and cyanate(CE).And a lower e and dielectric loss BT resin(e=2.76,tanδ =0.0025) modified with high-performance polyphenylene ether(PPE) was prepared.The result showed that CE and BMI polymerized respectively and generated their own homopolymers.PPE was dispersed in BT resin in the form of polymer alloy.The dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) curves of BT resin,as well as the modified BT resin,showed two Tg.Its composite modified by PPE had excellent dielectric properties(e=3.51,tanδ=0.0055),low water absorption(0.37%/24h) and good interface adhesion between resin and glass fibers. | Reaction of either free base benzoporphyrin, its zinc(II) complex or β-bicyclo(2,2,2)octeno appended precursor porphyrins with LiR reagents gave an entry into mono- and soluble di-meso-substituted benzoporphyrins. | eng_Latn | 21,788 |
Theoretical and Practical Approaches to the Phenomenon of Polymer-Stream Expansion | An alternative scheme of a mathematical model of the expansion of a polymer stream at the outlet from a cylindrical molding channel is examined. Results of the kinetic theory of high elasticity of rubbers, the theory of finite deformations, and the linear theory of elasticity in simple shear are used in constructing the model. Literature data on the rheologic properties of polybutadiene rubber were used to test the model. It is established that computed and experimental data are in satisfactory agreement. | Using a generalized Alexander-Conway relation derived from a three-state exactly solvable model in statistical mechanics, new invariant polynomials for knots and links are explicitly evaluated. It is shown that the invariant polynomials for closed 3-braids are obtained recursively. It is also shown that the invariant polynomials are more powerful than the Jones polynomials. | eng_Latn | 21,789 |
Feeding and selection of saccharin after injections of bombesin, LiCl, and NaCl | Rats injected with bombesin of LiCl showed similar suppression of food-deprivation-induced liquid diet intake, but only rats receiving LiCl avoided water-deprivation-induced consumption of a novel saccharin solution paired with injection. The data demonstrate that bombesin reduces feeding but does not induce conditioned aversion, and suggest that bombesin does not act to suppress food intake by production of gastrointestinal malaise. | Using turbidity measurements, we quantified the interactions between PDMS-grafted silica nanoparticles (PDMS-g-silica) in pure solvents and a concentrated polymer solution with a focus on detecting the impact of solvent quality on graft layer stretching. This work is an extension of our previous work where we showed that interfacial wetting of the grafted polymer leads to depletion restabilization in semidilute and concentrated polymer solutions in good solvents (Dutta, N.; Green, D. Langmuir 2008, 24, 5260−5269). Subsequently, we showed that the criterion for depletion restabilization holds for both good and marginally poor solvents (Dutta, N.; Green, D. Langmuir 2010, 26, 16737−16744). In this work, we quantified nanoparticle interactions in terms of the second virial coefficient (B2), which captures the stretching of the brush in a good solvent in comparison to compression in a poor solvent. The transition from stretching to compression of the graft layer as a function of solvent quality was also suppo... | eng_Latn | 21,790 |
Light‐control birefringence of oriented poly(vinyl cinnamate) by UV irradiation | The research focused on realizing the birefringence of light-control polymer films. The photoelastic birefringence exhibits when Poly (vinyl cinnamate) (PVCi) films are stretched below their glass transition temperature (Tg). The birefringence of PVCi decreases when the UV irradiation happens because the side chains of the PVCi photo-react when the oriented films are exposed to UV light. A method to quantify the birefringence ability of the polymer films is created and verified. Using this method, the decrease of the birefringence through the UV irradiation is quantified. The result shows the birefringence of PVCi can be controlled by altering the UV irradiation time. In addition, oriented PVCi films of different esterification degrees were prepared and irradiated at different time, and the birefringence of them was studied to clarify the birefringence mechanism of light-control polymer films. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 | This paper introduces the theories of cationic modification of linen and puts forward the optimal process conditions of cationic modification and dyeing of linen through orthogonal experiment and analysis. By comparing and analyzing the dyeing samples of the cationised linen and non-cationised linen, it also shows that cationic modification has clear effect to enhance the dyeing capability of rhubarb on linen. | eng_Latn | 21,791 |
Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence Study of Violet-Blue and Green Emitting Polymers and Their Blend | The photoluminescence and electroluminescence of violet-blue (I) and green (II) emitting polymers and their blend were studied. This included the effects of excitation wavelength, concentration, and film thickness on the photoluminescence; also, double-layer LEDs (ITO/PEDOT/polymer/Ca/Al) were fabricated and compared with single-layer LEDs. For the first time a strong dependence of the PL spectra on excitation wavelength for a violet-blue polymer in solution was observed. When the applied voltage was increased, the EL spectra showed a blue shift, and the emission intensity for the observed higher energy transition increased at the expense of the lower energy transition. Forster energy transfer in the photoluminescence and electroluminescence of the polymer blend was also studied. The results indicate that the energy transfer was independent of excitation wavelength and applied voltage. The LED using the blend was found to be more efficient than either of the devices using polymers I or II, because polymer... | Six hepatic angiosarcomas, one hepatoma and one hepatic "fibrosis" with portal hypertension in patients chronically exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) are reported. The industrial methods of synthesis and current knowledge concerning the carcinogenic role of VCM are reviewed. Histogenetic and pathogenetic concepts of "fibrosis" and angiosarcomas of liver are exposed. | eng_Latn | 21,792 |
Study on Flame Retardancy of Waterborne Polyurethane Modified with Nano Silica Sol | A series of halogen-free flame-retardant nano silica sol/WPU composites(SWPU)were prepared by ultrasonic vibration. Meanwhile, the molecular structure, storage stability, water absorption, particle size of emulsion, limiting oxygen index(LOI), thermal stability, mechanical properties together with surface morphology were investigated. The results indicated that, physical and chemical interaction existed between silica sol particles and WPU, which resulted in the improvement of tensile strength, thermal stability and water resistance. When the mass fraction of silicon was≤3.52%, the SWPU emulsion shown good dispersibility and storage stability, and the SWPU film still maintained good mechanical properties with only broken elongation decreased by 14.6%. Most of all, the oxygen index was increased from 17.0% to 25.5%, and the carbon yield obviously increased from 2.0% to 15.0%, showing good flame resistance characteristics. | AbstractThe effect of uric acid as a photoprotective agent for various solutions of FD&C Blue No. 2 was investivated. Due to the poor aqueous solubility of uric acid, solutions were made in glycerin, triethanolamine and N/5 NaOH. Uric acid in glycerin or triethanolamine was found to enhance the photostability of the dye solutions. The higher the concentration of uric acid in triethanolamine, the greater was the photoprotective action of uric acid. Increasing the amount of glycerin in solution resulted in acceleration of the rate of fading of the color presumably due to dielectric constant effect. The photoprotective action of uric acid was found to be influenced by the pH of the medium and its buffer species. | eng_Latn | 21,793 |
Method for manufacturing optical film laminate including polarizing film | PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of an optical film laminated body which includes a polarizing film is provided to reduce the thickness of a large size display device and eliminate display stains. CONSTITUTION: An extended laminated body(8) which includes an extended intermediate product is generated by an extension process. A colored laminated body(9) which includes a colored intermediate product is generated by a dichroic material absorption process with respect to the extended laminated body. An optical film laminated body(11) which includes a polarizing film is generated by the extension process in a boric acid solution with respect to the colored laminated body. | In order to improve the thermal oxidative stability of the neodymium series (Nd2Fe14B) magnetic powder, plasma polymerization of benzene, styrene and acrylonitrile on the powder was carried out and its effect was examined. A strong hydrophobicity was revealed on the surface of the magnetic powder by the plasma treatment, and the thermal oxidative stability and magnetic properties of the powder were remarkably improved. Magnetic properties of the plastic magnets prepared with the magnetic powder coated with plasma polymer of acrylonitrile on the surface, were superior to plastic magnets prepared with untreated powder. | eng_Latn | 21,794 |
Optimizing the oxygen evolution reaction for electrochemical water oxidation by tuning solvent properties | Electrochemical water-based energy cycles provide a most promising alternative to fossil-fuel sources of energy. However, current electrocatalysts are not adequate (high overpotential, lack of selectivity toward O2 production, catalyst degradation). We propose here mechanistic guidelines for experimental examination of modified catalysts based on the dependence of kinetic rates on the solvent dielectric constant. To illustrate the procedure we consider the fcc(111) platinum surface and show that the individual steps for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) change systematically with the polarizability of the medium. Thus changing this environmental variable can be used to tune the rate determining steps and the barriers, providing a means for screening and validating new systems to optimize the rate determining steps for the ORR and OER reaction pathways. | Abstract Optical transmission loss changes upon curing the mixture of epoxy/ethylene diamine were studied A UV-Vis spectrum measured during the cure process was utilized to monitor both cure process and transmission loss change simultaneously. It was found that initial homogeneity of the epoxy/EDA mixture was the key parameter to determine the optical transmission of the cured epoxy Slow heating up to the curing temperature allowed the mixture homogenous, thus resulted in a structure of very low transmission loss. Subsequent curing rate was also another factor affecting the uniformity of the cured structure | eng_Latn | 21,795 |
THE KINETICS OF ALLICIN TRANSFORMATION IN ACETONE AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF ITS TRANSFORMENTS * | In this work, the kinetics of allicin transformation was investigated in the conditions of an aprotic solvent, acetone. The kinetics curves, representing the dependence of changes from the allicin concentration in time at the temperatures of 55 and 45 0 C, were used to determine the basic kinetic parameters: the reaction order (n = 0.5), rate constant (k1 = 0.0077 (mol dm -3 ) 0.5 min -1 , k2 =0.0144 (mol dm -3 ) 0.5 min -1 ), and activation energy (Ea = 68775 Jmol -1 ). The change of allicin concentration was monitored through the changes in peak area of allicin in HPLC chromatograph and the calibration curve for the concentration range (0 to 3.0 mmol dm -3 ). GC/MS chromatography was used to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of the reaction mixture. Only 50 % of the isolated components were identified. The most dominant organosulphuric molecules in the reaction mixture were 2-vinyl-[4H]-1,3-dithiine, diallyl trisulfide, propyl allyl disulfide and diallyl disulfide. | This paper presents an inferential property prediction scheme for a high pressure polyethylene autoclave reactor. The development of a dynamic model of the process is described. It was derived from a consideration of the reaction mechanism and uses reaction temperatures, pressure and gas composition to predict the degree of polymerisation of the polymer. The values of certain key parameters in the model were derived from steady state data from the ICI Alkathenc plant at Botany Site. The model was shown to predict the degree of polymerisation during grade transition with an appropriate accuracy although it benefited from an on-line adaption scheme. | yue_Hant | 21,796 |
Iso-conversional analysis of glass transition and crystallization in as-synthesis high yield of glassy Se98Cd2 nanorods | In the present work, we have prepared high yield of glassy Se98Cd2 nanorods using melt–quench technique. The morphology and micro-structural analysis of as-prepared nanorods are characterized by SEM, XRD and EDX techniques. The glass transition and crystallization kinetics of glassy Se98Cd2 nanorods are studied at different heating rates (5, 10, 15, 20 K/min) using differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) technique. Four iso-conversional methods [Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), Tang and Straink] were used to determine the various kinetic parameters (crystallization temperature Tαc, transition temperature Tαg, activation energy of crystallization Eαc, activation energy of glass transition Eαg, order parameter n) of glass transition and crystallization process in non-isothermal mode. The monotonous decrease in activation energy E α with the crystallization fraction α confirm the complex kinetic mechanism of the glassy Se98Cd2 nanorods. | The mechanical degradation of poly (-vinylacetate) in several mixed solvents (dioxane-n-butanol, dioxane-sec-butanol, dioxane-ethyleneglycol, dioxane-kerosene.) was studied using the capillary flow method. The velocity constant of scission reaction (k) and the limited degree of polymerization (g) were compared at the same value of [], which is considered as the parameter of molecular dimension of polymers in solution. As result, (k) did not change much, even if the species and the volume fraction of poor (non-) solvents changed, while the value of (g) changed according to the species of poor solvents and the value of []. From the facts described above, It follows that the limited degree of polymerization (g) were affected by the composition and distribution of mixed solvent molecules around the polymer chain, and the value of (at [] = ) in the polymer solution. | eng_Latn | 21,797 |
Factors influencing latex stabilities in MMA/BA/NaMA emulsifier\|free emulsion copolymerization | Polymerization stability(PS) and latex stabilities of MMA/BA/NaMA emulsifier-free latex were studied. The particle surface charge density increases with increasing the weight fraction of BA in monomers. The hydrophilicity of monomers, concentrations of NaMA and potassium persulfate(KPS), temperature, pH, ionic strength and stirring rate are important for PS, while the hydrophilicity of monomers, concentrations of NaMA and KPS are important for the latex stabilities. | Abstract : Based on a data matrix and an independent Wishart matarix testmators dominating the best equivariant estimators of sigma and /sigma/ are obtained under two types of entropy loss. For simultaneous estimation of the mean vector and the variance covariance matrix of a multinormal population, a suitable entropy loss is developed and testimators dominating the pair consisting of the sample mean vector and the best multiple of the sample Wishart matrix are derived. A technique of SINHA is heavily exploited. Keywords: MANOVA test; Roy's maximum root test; Wishart distribution. | eng_Latn | 21,798 |
Nanostructuring organo-silicas: combination of intermolecular interactions and molecular recognition properties to generate self-assembled hybrids with phenylene or adenine⋯thymine bridging units | Owing to hydrophobic interactions, silyl linkers containing long alkylene chains allowed the synthesis of self-organised hybrids. Lamellar organo-silicas with phenylene or a hydrogen-bonded adenine⋯thymine complex as the bridging units are reported. | A suite of programs is developed to analyze photomicrographs of the structure of nonwoven materials. Such programs are needed for deciphering the structural distinctions in multidimensional characteristics of the studied objects that contain information about their states. This allows their use for classification of objects describable by characteristics of a different physical nature without their pre-standardization. The explicit form of the proposed measures is given and the effectiveness of their use in algorithms for automatic classification is shown for clustering of the images of polypropylene spunbond nonwoven material. | eng_Latn | 21,799 |
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