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Development of Pilot Scale System for Production of Nylon-6 Fibers Grafted with Polydimethylaminoethylmathacrylate (PDMAEMA) for the Application as Ion Exchange | In this work an affective and simple technology for pilot scale production of grafted Nylon-6 fibers with Polydimethylaminoethylmathacrylate (PDMAEMA) for ion exchange application is suggested. This technology consists of the creation of antimicrobial substance (AS) in Nylon-6 fibers followed by grafting with dimethylaminoethylmathacrylate (DMAEMA) using Cu2+-K2S2O8 redox system. Factors affecting the yield of grafted PDMAEMA were investigated and the optimal conditions for grafting process were evaluated. The availability of modified Nylon-6 fibers grafted with PDMAEMA as polymer sorbent for removal of cations as Cu+2, Pb+2 and anions Cr2O7-2, SO4-2 was investigated. The influence of various adsorption parameters on the degree of extraction (R %) and adsorption capacity (SC mg/g) was calculated. | This paper shows the approach used in JAFMAS for specifying and analyzing the conversations in a multi-agent system. Conversations are specified using an automata model and converted into a Petri net representation. Using a Petri net analyzer, the conversations are checked for consistency and coherency. We show the conversion of the conversation model to a Petri net and outline the properties that need to be verified. | eng_Latn | 21,800 |
On polymer loop in a gel under external fields: analytical approach using white noise analysis | This paper presents derivation of the probability distribution for the area enclosed by a polymer loop in a gel and under different external fields using white noise analysis. In this context, the polymer loop is represented by Brownian paths and its immersion in a gel constraints it to occupy a constant area[1]. The external fields considered are electric field, and crossed electric-magnetic fields. | Objective:To determine the optimized conditions for PCR amplification of DNA with rich GC in order to freely assemble modules or domains of polyketide synthase (PKS) in macrolide combinatorial biosynthesis.Methods:Formamide, glycerol, DMSO and Mg 2+ were added to the PCR amplification system and amplification system was chosen to optimize the conditions for PCR amplification of DNA with rich GC.Results:Formamide had no influence on PCR amplification of DNA with rich GC, while both glycerol and DMSO promoted output and specificity of PCR product, with 5%-10% DMSO showing the best effectiveness. When Roche Expand Long Template PCR System was used and 10% DMSO and extra 0.25?mmol/L Mg 2+ were added to buffer 2, 5?kb DNA with 73% GC content was amplified.Conclusion:With addition of DMSO and extra Mg 2+ to PCR system, at least 5?kb DNA with rich GC could be amplified, and that can meet the need to assemble any modules or domains in macrolide combinatorial biosynthesis. | eng_Latn | 21,801 |
Polarized absorption spectra of aromatic radicals in stretched polymer films. Part 6.—Radical ions of some aromatic molecules | By use of the stretched polymer-film technique combined with γ-irradiation, polarized absorption spectra of the radical anions and cations of perylene, pyrene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and biphenyl have been studied. The polarized absorption spectra have been resolved into components with transition moments polarized parallel to and perpendicular to the molecular long axis. The pairing relation has been examined between the electronic transitions of the radical anion and the corresponding cation. | Dynamic characteristic of a system have to be obtained so as to offer the reliable data for the system dynamic modification and dynamic optimum design. The system modal parameters identification can be changed into the global optimization problem in wavelet plane because the wavelet ridges can carry much information of system characteristic parameters. Firstly, the paper will introduce the so-called PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) technique into the modal analysis and propose the PSO wavelet ridge extraction algorithm. Furthermore, the formulas identifying modal parameters from a wavelet ridge are derived and computation steps were given. The simulation experiments are implemented in order to evaluate precision of this method and the robustness of noise. Finally, the proposed method applies to the modal parameters identification of a watermelon to explore the effectiveness. The experiment results prove the method is precision and insensitive to noise. | eng_Latn | 21,802 |
Bifunctional 2-naphthyl propargylic sulfones exhibiting high DNA intercalating and alkylating activity | A number of novel 2-naphthyl propargylic sulfones were synthesized as nucleic base alkylating agents. Extremely high DNA cleavage activity was observed for the sulfones with a free ω-hydroxyl group in the carbon chain in contrast to the ester conjugates possessing an additional intercalating unit. | Aiming at the problems existing in conventional cotton fabric bleaching such as high temperature and strength loss,a peroxide bleaching activator was prepared,and the main effective component was nonanoyloxy benzenesulfonate sodium(NOBS).The optimal synthetic conditions were as follows: 4-phenolsulfonate sodium was dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution(mole ratio of 1∶1),and then tetrabutyl ammonium bromide 5% was added.The mole ratio of nonanoyl chloride to 4-phenolsulfonate sodium was 1.3∶1 reacting at 30 ℃ for 80 min.The resulting product,without being separated,could be used as the peroxide bleaching activator and applied directly to the scouring and bleaching of pure cotton knitgoods.This peroxide bleaching activator offers such benefits as lowering bleaching temperature(80 ℃),acceptable bleaching effect,and less strength loss and energy consumption. | eng_Latn | 21,803 |
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Poly(Vinyl Ester Resin-co-Ethylene Dimethacrylate) Monolithic Network Columns | In this report we introduce a new monolithic column for HPLC. The monolithic column was prepared using vinyl ester resin-co-ethylene dimethacrylate as the monomer. Using the free radical polymerization method a polymer network was formed, which was different from the traditional globular particles. The main factors affecting the porous structure of vinyl ester (VE) resin-based monolithic columns were investigated. By varying the porogen solvent, its content and the amount of initiator, different porous structures could be obtained. In order to evaluate the mechanical stability of the column material, the pressure drop across the column was measured at different flow-rates. Finally, using phenol, resorcinol and catechol as the test compounds, the normal-phase character of the poly(vinyl ester resin-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith was evident. | The present invention discloses a method for preparing biodiesel and renewable. The renewable waste edible animals in a biodiesel oil, vegetable oil as raw material, phosphoric acid treatment, wherein the phospholipid is removed; and the resulting oil and C4 ~ C6 alcohol esterification reaction, and then distilled under reduced pressure to obtain. Performance prepared in line with national diesel 0 # diesel oil quality standards and the German DIN51601: 1997 standard. The method is simple, readily available raw materials, does not pollute the environment, to obtain a stable product quality suitable for large-scale industrial production. | eng_Latn | 21,804 |
Concomitant Polymorphism in 3-Acetylcoumarin: Role of Weak C−H···O and C−H···π Interactions | An analysis of structural features associated with polymorphism in 3-acetylcoumarin has been made in terms of morphology, infrared spectroscopy, crystal structure, powder X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetric measurements. The appearance of concomitant polymorphs is found to depend on the crystallization temperature in the 1:1 chloroform/hexane solvent system. C−H···O and C−H···π interactions stabilize one form in a head to head configuration, while only C−H···O interactions stabilize the other in a head to tail configuration of the molecules in the crystal lattice. | The invention relates to a method for compatibilizing a polyamide/polyester blend by adopting a hyperbranched polymer. Taking PEI graft nylon with a hyperbranched structure as a compatibilizer, based on the total mass of 100 weight parts of blending components, namely polyamide and polyester, the compatibilizer is more than or equal to 1 weight part and is less than 15 weight parts, and the mixture ratio of the blending components, namely the polyamide to the polyester is 10: 90-90: 10. The method comprises the steps of: utilizing a solution blending method to obtain a blend, optionally performing heat treatment at a high temperature, and producing a terpolymer by an in-situ reaction so as to compatibilize the blend to obtain a polyamide/polyester alloy material with improved compatibility. The method is simple and high in efficiency, and can control the degree of the compatibilization to obtain blending materials which meet various needs and have different morphologies. | kor_Hang | 21,805 |
Interaction energies in polymer/polymer mixtures | In the application of the lattice fluid theory to explain and simulate thermodynamic functions and phase diagrams of polymeric mixtures involving both homo- and copolymers, the only adjustable parameter is the so-called characteristic interaction energy density ΔP∗. In this paper, we present a test of consistency between the ΔP∗ values obtained from phase diagrams and from retention specific volumes determined by inverse gas chromatography. Measurements have been done on a blend of poly(vinyl methyl ether) and poly(hydroxy ether of bisphenol A), which exhibits an LCST-type phase diagram. The previously reported ΔP∗ temperature dependence seems to be verified. Another interesting conclusion is the dominant role played by ΔP∗ in the thermodynamic functions describing the miscibility of the mixture. | Based on the theory of ship energy balance,taking the 5-metre ferry launch as example,the paper discusses the energy transformation among hull,main engine and propeller,analyzes the corresponding matching design through the initial and ultimate matching calculation with the features of ultimate matching obtained to optimize the propelling system. | eng_Latn | 21,806 |
Recertification of the polyethylene oxidation induction time reference material | A commercial oxidation induction time (OIT) reference material polyethylene film is retested 6 years after its original certification. Using ASTM International Standard E 1858, the mean value, within laboratory repeatability and between laboratory reproducibility are unchanged at 29.3, 1.7 and 2.1 min, respectively. In addition, the new results are reported on an interlaboratory test (ILT) for oxidation onset temperature (OOT) for the same material using Method A (oxygen purge gas) and Method C (air purge gas) of ASTM Standard E 2009. The mean values are found to be 236.8 and 245.0 °C under oxygen and air, respectively. The within laboratory repeatability standard deviation is 1.1 and 0.68 °C, and the between laboratory reproducibility standard deviation is 1.3 and 1.4 °C, respectively, for oxygen and air. | QRS complex duration changes due to acute myocardial infarction and after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention especially with no-reflow phenomenon have been described in many studies previously, however their relation with tissue reperfusion condition after primary PCI are not evident yet.This study | eng_Latn | 21,807 |
In-situ formation of silver nanoparticles stabilized by amphiphilic star-shaped copolymer and their catalytic application | Abstract Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were prepared via in situ reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) using polymeric micelles as nanoreactors without any additional reductant. The micelles were constructed from the amphiphilic star-shaped copolymer composed of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) segment, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA or DMA) units and oligo(ethylene glycol)monomethyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA or OEG) units. The Ag NPs stabilized by those star-shaped copolymers were characterized using UV–vis spectrum, DLS, TEM and FTIR. It confirmed that PDMAEMA exhibited the reducing property unless pH was above 7. The Ag NPs were sphere-like with a diameter of 10–20 nm, which was independent of the architecture of the copolymer and AgNO 3 concentration. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of these Ag NPs was investigated by monitoring the reduction of p -nitrophenol (4-NP) by NaBH 4 . The result showed that the Ag NPs formed by coordination reduction can be effectively applied in catalytic reaction. | The invention relates to an effect on keratin-containing fibers, in particular human hair, oxidatively acting agent containing in addition at least one oxidizing agent, a combination of active ingredients (A) a selected cationic polymer, (b) at least one mono- or di- (C (C) at least one quaternary ammonium compound which carries at least a selected group at the quaternized nitrogen atom, and a method for reshaping keratin fibers, in which this means is applied, and the use of this agent for fixing in the course of a hair forming. The transformation is improved by this means and that the fiber gets an excellent care and structural preservation. | eng_Latn | 21,808 |
Boron trifluoride catalyst complexes and the preparation of highly reactive isobutene homopolymers method | The present invention relates to a catalyst composite comprising boron trifluoride and 10 to 90% by weight C1- to C20- primary monohydric alcohols cocatalyst mixture with 90 to 10 wt% of C3- to C20- one yuan secondary alcohol, wherein the molar ratio of the sum of boron trifluoride with all the alcohol is 2: 1 to 1:10. The catalyst composite for the preparation of highly reactive isobutene from 300 to 50,000 number average molecular weight of the homopolymer, wherein the C4 hydrocarbons used as starting material mixture contains at least 20% by weight of isobutene and a total of at least 10% by weight of other olefins C4- . | Organic contamination adsorbed on 200 mm silicon wafers was characterized using various analytical techniques. Surface hydrophobicity, apparent optical thickness and electrical surface charge are used to characterize the silicon surface state. They only give information on total organic contamination. MIR-FTIR is very sensitive for detecting CH2 and CH3 contained in organics on silicon wafers. TOF-SIMS is quite sensitive and enables some of the organics to be recognized by identifying the molecule fragments. TDGC-MS is the most relevant technique to identify organic contamination on silicon wafers as extensive identification libraries exist. | eng_Latn | 21,809 |
Synthesis of Highly Substituted Butyryl Chitin in the Presence of Perchloric Acid | Perchloric acid was used as a catalyst for butyrylation of krill chitin. Esterification was carried out under heterogeneous conditions using a large excess of butyric anhydride at 20°C and 40°C. The effect of catalyst concentration and duration of the reaction on molecular weight and yield of butyryl chitin was investigated. Butyryl chitin with a degree of substitution of 2 in 90% yield were obtained. These butyryl chitins were soluble in various organic solvents and formed strong transparent films and fibers. The butyryl chitin also shows good resistance to gamma irradiation. | Pretreatment of biomass is expected to improve the pulp properties and facilitate the main components in the raw materials to be better used. In this work, the refining energy consumption and properties of the poplar chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) from different autohydrolysis pretreatment intensities of wood chips were investigated, and the pulp bleaching ability was also studied. The results showed that the CTMP with autohydrolysis pretreatment at a severity factor of 3.47 could have a 26% energy reduction in pressurized refining, a 60% energy saving in PFI refining, and 44% and 46% increases in tensile and tear indices, respectively. Autohydrolysis pretreatment prior to pulping could result in CTMP with a higher water retention value, higher fines content, better strength properties, lower shives content, and lower bulk and ISO brightness after PFI refining. The brightness of CTMP can be improved by alkaline peroxide bleaching. | eng_Latn | 21,810 |
Process for the preparation of polyurethane prepolymers phenolic lock. | Process for the preparation of polyurethane prepolymers in which phenolic) one or more di- or polyisocyanates are reacted with b) at least one blocked isocyanate reactive compound of a functionality of at least 1.5 to give a polyurethane prepolymer of NCO-functional and then the free NCO groups are blocked with c) at least one hydrocarbon resin having phenolic OH groups d) in the presence of a catalyst containing at least one triorganoamina of the following types: i) compounds of general formula ( I) ** (See formula) ** wherein R1 is an alkyl C1-C30 optionally branched, X is O, S or N-R1 group and n is 0 or 1, ii) compounds selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethyldodecylamine, N, N-dimethylundecylamine, N, N, N '', N '' - tetramethylethylenediamine, N, N, N '', N '' - tetramethylhexamethylenediamine, N, N, N '', N '', N '' - pentamethyldiethylenetriamine or N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine. | In this paper, the method of phosphate surfactant is introduced and the product is similar to natural lecithin in property. The optimum technological conditions : reaction temperature; 120℃, time: 5h, rate: n (ether); n (pocl3) =2. 9: 1 | eng_Latn | 21,811 |
Optimization of ISSR Amplification Conditions for Rhododendron Shanii | Factors that affect ISSR PCR amplification,such as Mg2+ concentration,dNTP concentration,were optimized by using the genomic DNA of a rare and endangered species Rhododendron shanii as material,on the foundation of optimization,8 primers were selected.The optimal annealing temperature of every primer was selected by using gradient PCR instrument.The optimized result indicates that at least in certain scope template DNA dosage and Taq DNA polymerase affect little on the result of PCR reaction,relatively,Mg2+ concentration and dNTP concentration have significant effects to the result.The suitable 15ul PCR reaction should contain 20ng template DNA,0.3μM primer,1.5ul buffer(Mg2+ free),0.5U Taq DNA polymerase,1.5 mM MgCl2 and 0.1 mM dNTP. | This paper describes the design and implementation of a pulse position coding module which constitutes one of several building blocks in the chain of an ISDN-to-IR transmission interface. This interface provides the suitable adaptation of ISDN (basic access rate) to the IR link requirements. The development of such an interface stems from the requirements of factory and office communications using wireless terminals based on diffuse IR radiation, along with the utilization of the inherent capabilities of ISDN.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. | eng_Latn | 21,812 |
Stimulated Raman scattering influenced by concentration, fluorescence profile and bandwidth of β-carotene in liquid-core optical fiber | We demonstrated stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of carbon disulfide (CS2) influenced by β-carotene in a liquid-core optical fiber (LCOF). Owing to the double fluorescence characteristics and large third-order optical nonlinearity of β-carotene, the high-order Stokes lines, such as the seventh-order Stokes line of CS2, can be observed at a relatively low input-laser power. The thresholds of Stokes lines lowered with the addition of the carotenoid when the concentration of solution was within 10−12 and 10−7 mol/L; the threshold increments and intensities of Stokes lines were correlative with the fluorescence profile of β-carotene: when the fluorescence intensity of the wavenumber region on the spectrum was high, the Stokes line intensity was also high and its threshold increment was small, and vice versa. These results are expected to be worthy of the applications on the tunable laser and the seeding laser. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | The flocculation effects of the flocculates with different polymer functional group on sole silica suspension slurry and multi-suspension slurry are investigated,and the flocculation adsorption performances of the functional group with the hematite and silica in suspension slurry are analyzed.The more humic salt and organic impurity adsorption and the more clear settlement can be achieved by substitution of starch with the synthetic macro-molecular polymer flocculates.Some industrial technical conditions of suspension separation are obtained by the selection of the polymer.The surface electro-chemical property of the particles in the slurry is the foundation of selective flocculation. | eng_Latn | 21,813 |
Theoretical Basis of Hemodynamic MR Imaging Techniques to Measure Cerebral Blood Volume, Cerebral Blood Flow, and Permeability | Cerebrovascular hemodynamic assessment adds new information to standard anatomic MR imaging and improves patient care. This article reviews the theoretic underpinnings of several potentially quantitative MR imaging-based methods that shed light on the hemodynamic status of the brain, including cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and contrast agent permeability. Techniques addressed include dynamic susceptibility contrast (which most simply and accurately estimates CBV), arterial spin labeling (a powerful method to measure CBF), and contrast-enhanced methods to derive permeability parameters such as the transport constant Ktrans. | In the pilot study on the treatment of polyvinyl chloride centrifugal mother liquid wastewater by using a combination of MBR and RO,the removal efficiency of organics and suspending solid together with the capability to resist the impact of the system were researched.The changes of the biological phase in the MBR and the membrane fouling of both membranes were observed.The experiment results show that the total removal efficiency of COD was over 95%,the effluent less than 40 mg/L can meet the requirement of wastewater discharge standard.Furthermore,the effluent of the MBR can reach the polymerization reuse water standard with a water recovery more than 70% after being treated by antiosmosis,Ion exchange or EDI.Film properties are in a good state during the experiment. | eng_Latn | 21,814 |
Size Determination of Latex Particles by Optical Methods | Using plain turbidimetry and a method combining filtration and turbidimetry, determination of latex particle size was carried out on a series of samples. Plain turbidimetry is a convenient method for measuring the particle size of latexes, but it has one shortcoming. When original materials of latex particles in a sample series are not chemically identical, different calibrations must be achieved because the refractive index is not the same among the original materials. The combined method turned out to be more versatile than plain turbidimetry, due to insensitivity to changes of the chemical properties of the particles. Sensitiveness was restricted to only the particle dimension. | AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of Lupeol.Methods: Utilizing a thin-film dispersion method, we prepared Lupeol-loaded PEGylated lipo... | eng_Latn | 21,815 |
Gas-chromatographic separation of aromatic amines, nitriles and hydrocarbons—I | Abstract A mixture of mono- and di-substituted nitriles was separated on six different liquid phases, but a mixture of mono- and di-substituted anilines was separated on only two liquid phases. The forces influencing the separation and elution order of these solutes are discussed. The absence of selective interactions between aromatic hydrocarbons and the various liquid phases was proved thermodynamically. An ortho methyl substituent increases the log of the specific retention volumes of the nitrile solutes by an approximately constant amount. | Silicon wafer cleaning by wet etching in model equipment meeting requirements for a closed manufacturing system is considered. Theoretical grounds for the new production technology, including chemical treatment, rinsing in water, and drying in a single process, are discussed. It is shown that the cleaning efficiency is improved if a heated gas (such as nitrogen) passes through the etchant, causing the wafers to vibrate, rotate in the horizontal plane, or reciprocate in the vertical plane. Also, the heated gas exerts a cavitation effect on the wafer surface. The degree of surface contamination after chemical etching, rinsing, and drying is reported. | eng_Latn | 21,816 |
Optimizing the morphology, mechanical and crystal properties of in-situ polypropylene/polystyrene blends by reactive extrusion | In this study, in-situ polypropylene/polystyrene (PP/PS) blends were prepared via a reactive extrusion technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the generation of polypropylene-grafted-polystyrene (PP-g-PS) copolymer in the reactive process. The morphology of the in-situ PP/PS blend tended to form a homogeneous structure, as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Owing to the introduction of PP-g-PS in the reactive extrusion, a remarkable enhancement of mechanical properties was achieved for the in-situ PP/PS blend. The elongation at break of the in-situ PP/PS blend with 15 wt% PS can reach 500 %, over 10 times higher than that of the normal PP/PS blend. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed an increased crystallization temperature of PP, which can be attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation effect of the PS and grafted PS. The analysis of wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) indicated the development of beta crystals in the in-situ PP/PS blend. | Recently published experimental data concerning more than ten copolymerization systems were re-analyzed. Newer, more accurate, reactivity ratios were calculated using a non-linear method (PROCOP) which involves all the experimental data including conversion values. The differences between the reactivity ratios provided in the original articles and the recalculated values are discussed in terms of experimental errors, analytical methods, conversion values and solvent effect. The present paper shows what is routine, what needs to be changed and what can be realistically hoped for as far as accuracy in reactivity ratios estimation is concerned. | eng_Latn | 21,817 |
High-Performance Optical Plastic Cyclo Olefin Polymer ZEONEX® | Cyclo Olefin Polymer ZEONEX®, with its unique properties, high transmission, low birefringence and low water absorption, provides excellent optical components, which exhibits outstanding optical performance as well as durability under high humidity and temperature conditions. | Objective To study the best extracting technology of Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.Methods The total polysaccharides and total saponins were determined by UV spectrophotometer.With the content of total polysaccharides and total saponins as comprehensive indexes,orthogonal test was applied to investigation of the water addition,extraction time,and extraction times for optimizing the best extracting technology.Results The best extracting technology was using 10 times the amount of water,extracting 3 times and 1.5 h per time.Conclusion The extraction technology is safe and effective,which can be used as extraction for Compound Taizishen Granule prescription. | eng_Latn | 21,818 |
PEMBUATAN CAT BESI DARI GETAH KARET MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT SOLAR DAN CPO DENGAN WARNA ALAMI DARI EKSTRAK PANDAN | Paint is a liquid which is used to coat the surface of an ingredient for the purpose embellish is to, strengthen, or protect that material. In this area, iron paint that is used and produced by industrial iron paint that uses particular cocktail of chemo. Iron paint that uses particular cocktail of chemo can cause trouble on organ of the body. This research attempts to make paint from natural materials such as latex, a solar solvent and CPO and dye from extract of the pandanus in order to get higt quality of paint which has SNI 3564:2009 quality. The result of this research is that the composition of solvent affect paint analysis. The optimum result is the paint which has the composition of 20 ml, of rubber sap, 60 ml of CPO that its characteristic has obtained the standard is the density 1,24 gr/mls, viscosity 1188,33, pH 7, total solid 60 percent, touch drying time 25 minutes, and hard dring time 38 minutes. ::: Keywords: Latex, CPO, Iron Paint | Aiming at the launch of CE-1 satellite,the paper analyses the restricting factor and constitutes the plan controlling of "zero window" for launch CE-1 satellite from organizing and commanding,weather ensuring,controlling of key nodes,launch precaution plan and preview for urgency.It was used effective in the task,and insured the success of launch CE-1 satellite. | yue_Hant | 21,819 |
FTIR Imaging of Polypropylene Blends and Micro-composites | This paper demonstrates the application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging to the non-destructive study of polypropylene blends and micro-composites. We discuss the FTIR imaging capabilities and limitations of the Perkin-Elmer Spotlight 400 infrared microscope. The spatial resolution of the Spotlight 400 is diffraction limited to the order of 10 micrometers. Spotlight 400 reduces the time it takes to view a complete image of the specimen including chemical variations of materials. We have imaged polypropylene blends, polypropylene-talc composites. The filler size range used was 10 to 50 micrometers. This paper discusses the specimen topology adapted to study polymers and polymer-like materials using FTIR imaging. | 1. ::: ::: The molecular and crystal structure ofγ-diphenylphosphorylpropyl alcohol Ph2P(O)(CH2)3OH was established. Three different types of molecules exist in the crystal, which differ in the rotation of the phenyl rings around the P-C bond. The molecules with the same conformation are connected by intermolecular hydrogen bonds P=O... H-O into chains, which are located along the c axis. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 2. ::: ::: Two kinds of polymeric associates exist in the crystal, which differ noticeably in the length of the intermolecular hydrogen bond P=O... H-O (2.21 and 2.06 A). Correspondingly, two absorption bands of a bound OH group are observed in the IR spectra of the solid phase of this compound. | eng_Latn | 21,820 |
Preparation of activated carbon fibers from polyvinyl chloride | Waste polyvinyl chloride (PVC) contains high content of chlorine, which is believed to liberate dioxine at its combustion. Efficient removal of chlorine from PVC achieved by selecting the heat-treatment conditions provided free-chlorine PVC based pitch by a two-stage heat-treatment process. The obtained pitch (softening point: 218 °C) was spun, stabilized, carbonized and activated to prepare activated carbon fibers (ACF) whose DeSOx activity was tested preliminarily and found comparable to other ACF. | This article tested the amount of water vapor and oxygen permeability of plastics with different materials,reaches the conclusion that different materials are different for permeability,that the packing with double composite plastics by BOPP is better in water vapor permeability if at the same thickness,the one with one layer by PA is better in oxygen permeability,that the aluminium-plastic composite packing and aluminized packing′s permeability are much better than the composite packing without aluminium;aluminium-plastic composite packing is better than aluminized packing in water vapor permeability.And the test analyzed the basic factors resulting the difference,and gives a clue for the selection of material in respect of water vapor permeability in the field of food packing. | eng_Latn | 21,821 |
DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS OF VOLATILE COMPONENTS AT INFINITE DILUTION IN POLYSTYRENE-VOLATILE COMPONENT SYSTEMS BY GLPC METHOD | Activity coefficients of hexane, heptane, methyl cyclo-hexane, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, o-, m-, p-xylene at infinite dilution in polystyrene-volatile component systems are determined by GLPC method. The relation may be expressed as following equation:with an error less than 5 % to the experimental data. | The invention provides an article for oxygen absorption comprising a container containing a water-soluble ion source, an water activated oxygen scavenger, and a rupturable canister of hydrated polymer. The invention provides in another embodiment a method for providing timed or controlled oxygen absorption comprising providing an article for oxygen absorption comprising a container containing a water-soluble ion source, an water activated oxygen scavenger, and a rupturable canister of hydrated polymer, rupturing the canister, whereby the hydrated polymer and water-soluble ion source come in contact and release water, and the water as it is released activates the oxygen scavenger. | yue_Hant | 21,822 |
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfonate(SDS) Modified Layered Double Hydroxides(LDHs) as a Decolorizer of Methylene Blue | SDS-MgnAl-LDHs were fleetly prepared by the technology of the microwave-crystallization and low saturated state of coprecipitation.The calcination product SDS-MgnAl-LDO of SDS-MgnAl-LDHs was applied to the decolorization of methylene blue(MB).The effect of preparation and decoloration conditions was also investigated as a function of the percentage of decolorization.It is shown that the percentage of decolorization can reach 100% under the optimum reaction conditions.In addition,SDS-MgnAl-LDO is reusable,the average decolorization percentage of 92.01% could be obtained,the decolorization performance is stable after 4 times usage without significant loss of its decolorization activity. | The work is devoted to the peculiarities of the implementation of hybrid Reynolds’ Averaged Navier-Stokes equations-Large Eddy Simulation (RANS-LES) approaches of the Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) family for simulation of complex near-wall turbulent flows using unstructured meshes. The problems of determining required geometric characteristics in the mesh nodes and adaptation of hybrid approaches to the used accurate numerical approximation scheme in space are considered. The classic benchmark problem of the decay of homogeneous isotropic turbulence and the results of the computation of a complex turbulent flow near the wall with the presence of flow separation and reattachment are considered to verify the implemented technique and to demonstrate its efficiency. | eng_Latn | 21,823 |
Preparation of molybdenum coating with wire electrothermal explosion in constrained capillary tube | Mo wire was chosen as testing material for spray coating and an explosion test for directional spray coating was carried out in a polyethylene capillary explosion tube with 7 mm inner diameter.The morphology of coating surface and cross-section was observed with electronic-scanner and the bonding between coating and substrate was analyzed.The result showed that the explosion product of Mo wire in a constrained capillary tube would form a spraying spot,which would consist of central coating and outer adhesive layer.When the spraying distance was smaller than 8 mm,the central coating would be compact,bonding between coating and substrate was good,the element diffusion occurred in the interface between them.Within the zone of spraying distance,experiment of overlapping of several spots was conducted and them analyzed.It was found that these spots exhibited self-cleaning function.Large coating could be formed by reasonable overlapping of single spraying spots,and thick coating could be obtained by spraying. | An attempt was made to develop a mathematical model for the curing behavior of polyurethane during the reaction injection molding. Reasonable assumptions and simplifications were introduced in the model, and an explicit finite difference scheme with the mathematical software Matlab was used to obtain temperature and conversion distribution in the thickness direction for a plate-type mold. The temperature and conversion calculated from the simulation was consistent compared with the experimental data. The demolding time, i.e., the time needed to achieve a minimum conversion of 80%, was found about 17s. In addition, the effects of catalyst concentration, feed temperature and wall temperature on the maximum exothermic temperature and the conversion were also explored to optimize molding conditions of reaction injection molding of polyurethane. | eng_Latn | 21,824 |
Mechanical Property Prediction Method Based on Multi-material 3D Printer | The application area of additive manufacturing, especially 3D printing is increasing dramatically. A 3D printer can produce objects with complex shapes, and it shows promising results in manufacturing technology which can replace conventional production technology. Nevertheless, the technique of 3D printing has several limitations regarding material usage and process optimization. Because of that most of the researchers pay attention to the development and optimization of materials in 3D printing. This paper presents a new technique for mechanical property prediction of 3D printing materials. It also discusses the simulation method which can accurately predict stresses and deformations for the complex structures that are built of two or more materials with various mechanical properties. | This study concentrated on the production of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as highly selective sorbents for felodipine (FLD), a representive dihydropyridine calcium antagonists.Demonstrated chromatographically through a selection factor, these MIPs showed high selectivity for the template molecule among a group of structurally similar compounds. The recognition was found to correlate with structural similarity to the template compound. | eng_Latn | 21,825 |
A Novel Carbon Black/Polydimethylsiloxane Composite Membrane with High Flux for the Separation of Ethanol from Water by Pervaporation | A novel inorganic/organic composite membrane was prepared through introducing carbon black into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. Carbon black was treated with various measures, including extraction, methylolation, and high-temperature calcinations in order to tailor the nature of the surface. The effects of surface treatment, carbon black loading, particle size, and temperature on the pervaporation performance in the extraction of ethanol from ethanol/water mixtures were explored. In certain ranges of composition, the flux was remarkably increased without reducing the selectivity. | Excellent weather resistance, print density (color developing property), it is possible to provide an ink jet ink capable of forming a printed good productivity having the fixing performance (wear resistance), which can also provide good productivity, a pigment dispersion having excellent dispersibility for its object to provide a polymer for ink jet ink. Cyclohexyl methacrylate units and 10-99% by weight, by the ink-jet ink copolymer and a pigment dispersion for ink-jet ink containing a pigment for the ink-jet ink and copolymers comprising acrylic acid units 1-90% by weight of the objects this is achieved. | eng_Latn | 21,826 |
Facilitating transdisciplinary research: the experience of the transdisciplinary tobacco use research centers. | Cigarette smoking is the largest preventable cause of death and morbidity in the United States. Heightened recognition of this public health concern has led researchers from multiple and varied disciplines to address this complex and multidimensional behavior. The need for an alternative research paradigm, focusing on a transdisciplinary approach that integrates work across disciplines in order to advance the field most quickly, has been identified. This recognized need led to the development of the Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Centers (TTURC) initiative, funded jointly by the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. This paper discusses the formation and early implementation stages of the initiative, including meetings that led to the development of the TTURCs, funders' and research centers' perspectives on implementation, and early observations about the products of the initiative. | Torsion Impregnated Cloth Analysis (TICA) uses fiber glass cloth as support for polymeric resins and measures the clothresin composite's in-phase and out-of-phase dynamic mechanical responses with a Rheometrics mechanical spectrometer. The TICA thermoscan results of a thermoplastic were compared with that of the neat material. A similar comparison was made between the isothermal curing results of a thermosetting resin and the corresponding parallel plate and TBA measurements. The peaks associated with the vitrification were verified to correspond to those in the glass transition region. Conventional thermoscans of partially cured specimens with known Tg were shown under certain conditions to give erroneous results about the glass transition temperatures. A reduced parameter (T-Tg) was introduced to describe the response of a specimen undergoing additional cure while being subjected to a thermoscan. Examples using this parameter to understand seemingly complex experimental results are given. | eng_Latn | 21,827 |
160-to-40Gibt/s time demultiplexing in a low dispersion lead-silicate W-index profile fiber | A 2.2m long sample of lead-silicate W-index profile fiber with nonlinear coefficient of 820W−1km−1 and exhibiting low and flat dispersion across the C-band is used in an all-optical 160-to-40Gbit/s demultiplexing scheme based on four-wave-mixing. | Using Chinese Cabbage(Brassica campestris syn. rapa L.ssp.Pekinensis(Lour) olsson) genome DNA as template,the major components of SRAP,such as concentrations of Mg2+,dNTPs,Taq DNA polymerase,primers and template,were optimized in this study by orthogonal design in five factors four levels respectively.The results showed that the optimum SRAP reaction system includes Mg2+ 3.0 mmol/L,dNTPs 0.2 mmol/L,DNA template 73.2 ng,Taq DNA polymerase 1.5 U and primer 0.2 μmol/L in the 25μL volume reaction.The most suitable protocol was initially denaturing at 94℃ for 5 min,then pre-amplifying at 94℃ 1 min,35℃ 1min and 72℃ 1 min for five cycles,finally amplifying for 35 cycles when the annealing temperature was adjusted to 50℃. | eng_Latn | 21,828 |
Full-length single-stranded PCR product mediated chromosomal integration in intact Bacillus subtilis. | The research introduced a novel method for gene replacement in intact Bacillus subtilis by employing full-length single-stranded (ss) DNA constructs and electro-transformation. 5' phosphorothioated lagging-strand targeting ssDNA construct was demonstrated to be highly recombinogenic, and the utility of the system was illustrated by introducing a heterologous lipase YlLip2 into amyE locus of B. subtilis through our method. | Many microfluidic applications require modified surface wettability of the microchannels. Patterning of wettability within enclosed microfluidic structures at high spatial resolution has been challenging in the past. In this paper, we report an improved method for altering the surface wettability in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannels by UV-induced graft polymerization of poly(acrylic acid). Our method presents significant improvements in terms of wettability contrast and spatial resolution of the patterned structures as compared to recent literature and is in particular applicable to complex microfluidic structures with a broad range of channel sizes and aspect ratios. A key part of our work is the clear description of the surface treatment process with the identification of key parameters, some of which have been overlooked, neglected, or misinterpreted in previous works. We have studied these key parameters in detail and provide recommended values for each parameter supported by experimental re... | eng_Latn | 21,829 |
Modeling of hydrodynamics in a bubbling fluidized-bed gasifier and evaluation of the inter-phase gas exchange rate under different operating conditions | Abstract A fluid dynamic model of a bubbling fluidized-bed coal gasifier is presented considering two-phase theory of fluidization. The effects of the gasifier temperature and bed particle size on the hydrodynamic characteristics of both the bubble and emulsion phases of the gasifier bed are studied. The bubble diameter, bubble velocity, and bubble area fraction are evaluated for the bubble phase, whereas the gas velocity and porosity are studied for the emulsion phase, along the height of the bed. Finally, the rate of inter-phase gas exchange from the emulsion phase to bubble phase is calculated under different operating conditions. | Polysulfone hollow-fiber membrane was used and a continuous process of three-stage hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor system was designed for bio-convertion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide.On the basis of single stage membrane bioreactor, the feasibility of multiple-stage continuous process was discussed.At 20℃,the three-stage membrane bioreactor process steadily lasted over 80h, the conversion of acrylonitrile was 99.9%, and the productivity was 25.3g acrylamide·g cell -1 ·h -1 . Comparing with the original batch reaction process,the productivity was enhanced by above 40%. With the hollow-fiber membrane, immobilized cells were replaced by free cells, and steady continuous process was achieved. This process has a favorable foreground in industrial application, which leads to continuous production of acylamide. | eng_Latn | 21,830 |
Determination of Ti, Zn, and Pb in lead-based house paints by EDXRF | Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry with a fundamental parameters program was used to non-destructively determine the relative concentrations of Ti, Zn, and Pb in lead-based house paints manufactured by National Lead (Dutch Boy), Sherwin-Williams, DeVoe, Davis of Baltimore, Benjamin-Moore, Eagle-Picher, Lowe Brothers and by several lesser known companies. The relative concentrations of Ti, Zn, and Pb in the paints were plotted three dimensionally which showed that the major paint manufacturers can be discriminated and identified. Spectral digital libraries were constructed from our manufacturers' paint reference collection to determine who produced the paint in a homeowner's paint chips. The analytical method discussed in this paper is well suited for the analyses of paint chips that have separated naturally from the substrate. | The addition of barium titanate to a polymer has previously been found to produce a composite material with an enhanced electrical field dependent permittivity. The electrical field dependent behaviour arises due to a process of spontaneous domain alignment within the barium titanate crystals. Previous investigations have indicated that composites using larger particle sizes of barium titanate produce composites with higher field dependent permittivity characteristics, for comparative filler levels. Particle size can also influence a dependency on particle shape, due to the milling processes which are involved in the manufacture. This paper now looks at how the filler particle shape influences the field dependent permittivity nature of an acrylic composite resin for a variety of particle sizes. | eng_Latn | 21,831 |
Partially aromatic copolyamide having a high crystallinity | The present invention is, A) a1) a repeating unit derived from terephthalic acid 30~44mol%, a2) a repeating unit derived from isophthalic acid 6~20mol%, a3) a repeating unit derived from hexamethylenediamine 42-49 .5mol%, a4) copolyamide 40 to 100% by weight consisting of structural units 0.5～8Mol% derived from aromatic diamines having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, in which, the molar component a1) to a4) the percentage is 100% fit, and B) a fibrous or fillers 0-50% by weight of particulate, C) an elastomeric polymer 0-30 wt%, D) other additives and processing aids 0-30 containing mass%, in which, the mass percentage of the components a) to D), 100% fit, relates to a molding material semicrystalline thermoplastic polyamide semiaromatic. | Polymerisation en solution de diacides carboxylique en presence de phosgene a temperature ambiante | eng_Latn | 21,832 |
An Oxide Direct Conversion Route to Nanocrystalline Mercury Chalcogenides | An oxide direct conversion route was reported to synthesize the nanocrystalline HgE (E=S,Se,Te) in ethylenediamine at room temperature. Mercury oxide was used as mercury source and sulfur, selenium, tellerium, respectively, as chalcogenide sources. XRD patterns show that the obtained samples are hexagonal(wurtzite structure) HgS, cubic (zinc blende structure) HgSe and HgTe. The influences of solvent and reaction temperature were investigated and it was found that the ethylenediamine plays a crucial role in the conversion process. | Many microfluidic applications require modified surface wettability of the microchannels. Patterning of wettability within enclosed microfluidic structures at high spatial resolution has been challenging in the past. In this paper, we report an improved method for altering the surface wettability in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannels by UV-induced graft polymerization of poly(acrylic acid). Our method presents significant improvements in terms of wettability contrast and spatial resolution of the patterned structures as compared to recent literature and is in particular applicable to complex microfluidic structures with a broad range of channel sizes and aspect ratios. A key part of our work is the clear description of the surface treatment process with the identification of key parameters, some of which have been overlooked, neglected, or misinterpreted in previous works. We have studied these key parameters in detail and provide recommended values for each parameter supported by experimental re... | eng_Latn | 21,833 |
Polymeric complexes of transition metal ions as electrochromic materials: Synthesis and properties | Abstract Materials exhibiting reversible color changes under an electric stimulus, called electrochromic materials, have been drawing great research interest due to their applications as active materials in organic electronics. New electrochromic materials exhibiting multi-electrochromic properties in a wide range of colors with high contrast ratios and short response times are still in great demand. Well defined redox properties and intense charge transfer absorptions of transition metal complexes make them promising materials for use as electrochromic materials. The absorption wavelength and observed color of transition metal complexes significantly depend on the redox state of both the metal ion and the ligand, and their properties can be modified by changing the ligands or metal ions. This review summarizes the electrochromic properties of metallopolymers, coordination sheets as well as nanocomposites containing transition metal complexes, which can be used as active materials in electrochromic devices. | The present invention relates to a polyimide precursor composition for a flexible substrate of an optoelectronic device, the composition containing a polyimide precursor derived from a diamine or acid dianhydride and having a structure of chemical formula 1, and to a polyimide film manufactured from the same. The polyimide film, which is obtained by coating and curing the precursor composition according to the present invention on a substrate, retains high transparency and heat resistance, and has excellent dimensional stability due to no increase in the substrate stress in spite of high-temperature heat treatment. | eng_Latn | 21,834 |
A new method for estimation formation radial effective permeability based on wireline formation testing | Testing interpreting is the most directly method to get formation radial effective permeability,but its testing cost is relatively expensive.The paper proposed a new method to get the permeability by combining wire-line formation testing(WFT)to nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)logging,based on the new method,permeabil-ity from NMR logging is calibrated by several point horizontal permeability from WFT,and then,the average per-meability can be obtained by calculating average scaled NMR logging permeability,The average permeability shows both formation vertical heterogeneity and WFT effectiveness.The method had been applied in field testing,and the permeability from the method has higher precision than DST test,as well as,its cost is very low. | In the pilot study on the treatment of polyvinyl chloride centrifugal mother liquid wastewater by using a combination of MBR and RO,the removal efficiency of organics and suspending solid together with the capability to resist the impact of the system were researched.The changes of the biological phase in the MBR and the membrane fouling of both membranes were observed.The experiment results show that the total removal efficiency of COD was over 95%,the effluent less than 40 mg/L can meet the requirement of wastewater discharge standard.Furthermore,the effluent of the MBR can reach the polymerization reuse water standard with a water recovery more than 70% after being treated by antiosmosis,Ion exchange or EDI.Film properties are in a good state during the experiment. | eng_Latn | 21,835 |
Effects of the homopolymer molecular weight on a diblock copolymer in a 3D spherical confinement | The morphologies of a diblock copolymer spherically confined within a homopolymer were investigated by using the static self-consistent field theory method. A homogeneous A-B diblock copolymer sphere was surrounded by a homopolymer C. Upon changing the diblock volume fraction, homopolymer molecular weight and the interaction between the copolymer and its surrounding environment, different morphologies of the sphere were observed. Our calculations confirmed that when the homopolymer molecular weight was high a complete macrophase separation between the copolymer and the homopolymer was obtained. However, when the homopolymer molecular weight was low the homopolymer penetrated into the copolymer microdomains, diluting the diblock copolymer and reduced the interaction between the diblock copolymer segments and hence preventing them from segregating. | The present invention relates to compositions comprising a polycarbonate, a release agent having OH groups and oligomeric and new thermoplastic polymer mixture of phosphorus compound monomer. The present invention further relates to polymer mixtures for the preparation of such an optical data carrier, such as high density disc, video disc, and other write-once or more times and the use of optical data carrier can be removed, and to an optical data carrier thus prepared . | eng_Latn | 21,836 |
Effects of cholinomimetics on glucose utilization in rat brain optic systems. | Abstract Physostigmine and oxotremorine effects on local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) in rat brain optic systems were examined by the [ 14 C]2-deoxy-D-glucose procedure. Both drugs significantly stimulated LCGU in the superior colliculus (superficial layer) and nucleus of the optic tract, but not in the visual cortex. Physostigmine, but not oxotremorine, stimulated LCGU in components of the accessory optic system. The effects in the accessory optic system apparently result from nicotinic actions of physostigmine. | Pretreatment of biomass is expected to improve the pulp properties and facilitate the main components in the raw materials to be better used. In this work, the refining energy consumption and properties of the poplar chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) from different autohydrolysis pretreatment intensities of wood chips were investigated, and the pulp bleaching ability was also studied. The results showed that the CTMP with autohydrolysis pretreatment at a severity factor of 3.47 could have a 26% energy reduction in pressurized refining, a 60% energy saving in PFI refining, and 44% and 46% increases in tensile and tear indices, respectively. Autohydrolysis pretreatment prior to pulping could result in CTMP with a higher water retention value, higher fines content, better strength properties, lower shives content, and lower bulk and ISO brightness after PFI refining. The brightness of CTMP can be improved by alkaline peroxide bleaching. | eng_Latn | 21,837 |
Experimental study of a thermochromic material based optical fiber sensor for monitoring the temperature of the water in several applications | This paper describes the use of a thermochromic material (2,4,5-triphenylimidazole or also called Lophine) for the fabrication of temperature optical fiber sensors. First, an experimental study of this material at different temperatures is presented and subsequently its behavior in two different schemes (variations of the reflected optical power and of the transmitted optical power) is analyzed. The characterization of both low cost sensors is discussed comparing the experimental results and analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. Besides, all the measurements taken were immune to humidity obtaining ideal sensors for monitoring the temperature of the water in several applications. | We report a facile, one-step post-synthetic fluorination method to increase the CO2 capacity and CO2/N2 selectivity of porous organic Scholl-coupled polymers. All of the fluorinated polymers that we synthesised showed increases in CO2/N2 IAST selectivity and CO2 isosteric heat; almost all materials also showed an increase in absolute CO2 uptake. Our best-performing material (SC-TPB F) demonstrated a CO2 capacity and CO2/N2 selectivity of 3.0 mmol/g and 26:1, respectively, at 298 K—much higher than the corresponding non-fluorinated polymer, SC-TPB. This methodology might also be applicable to other polymer classes, such as polymers of intrinsic microporosity, thus providing a more general route to improvements in CO2 capacity and selectivity. | eng_Latn | 21,838 |
Application of Kalman Filtering in Test System of Tank Gun Control System | Each test signal of tank gun control test system usually has random disturbance, real-time recurrence filtering for test signals is performed by means of Kalman filtering. Taking test system of a type of tank gun control system as an example, noise is simplified as white noise, based on movement model and observation model established by parameters, application of Kalman filtering in gun control test system can be performed. | This paper presents an inferential property prediction scheme for a high pressure polyethylene autoclave reactor. The development of a dynamic model of the process is described. It was derived from a consideration of the reaction mechanism and uses reaction temperatures, pressure and gas composition to predict the degree of polymerisation of the polymer. The values of certain key parameters in the model were derived from steady state data from the ICI Alkathenc plant at Botany Site. The model was shown to predict the degree of polymerisation during grade transition with an appropriate accuracy although it benefited from an on-line adaption scheme. | eng_Latn | 21,839 |
MISCIBILITY AND CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF BIODEGRADABLE BLEND OF POLY(β—HYDROXYBUTYRATE)AND POLY(D,L—LACTIDE)—CO—POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) | Studies on the miscibility of PHB/PELA blends showed that PHB and PELA were miscible in amorphous state.The crystallization behavior of PHB in the blend was strongly de- pendent on the addition of PELA component. | Sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide are widely used in the manufacture of Ethoxylated Lauryl Alcohol Sulfates,in order to improve color quality of the product.This article discusses the dosage of both bleacher in AES with different alkyl chain structure,as well as the effect of bleach process on the product quality and performance. | yue_Hant | 21,840 |
Magnesium/aluminum-layered double hydroxide modified with hydrogen peroxide as a novel fiber coating for solid-phase microextraction of phthalate esters in aqueous samples | Abstract A novel coating material for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was synthesized by treating magnesium/aluminum-layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-LDH) with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of potassium iodide and was confirmed to be chemically and thermally stable. A direct immersion solid-phase microextraction method to determine phthalate esters (PAEs) in aqueous samples was developed using the constructed fiber coating to couple with gas chromatography. Several factors on SPME procedure were investigated in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the linear ranges of the developed method were between 1 and 500 μg L−1. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification for various phthalates were in the range of 0.42–1.29 μg L−1 and 1.40–4.13 μg L−1, respectively. The run-to-run RSD (n = 5) and the fiber-to-fiber RSD (n = 3) were 8.30–20.0% and 8.50–20.4%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of PAEs from Yangtze River water samples and bottled mineral samples. | The invention tax injection step for injecting a minute used to dissolve detergent tax towards the laundry in the drum; Tax penetration step of waiting for a predetermined time so that the amount of a tax the ejection can be absorbed by the laundry; By spraying the laundry towards the hot steam of the steam rinse step of rinsing the laundry; And polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (polyoxyethylene alkylether) of the minutes using detergent, comprising: a drying step of supplying hot air to the drum to dry the laundry is absorbed the steam is from 5 to 10% by weight; 3 to 5% by weight of sodium echil hexyl sulfate (sodium ethylhexyl sulfate); And to a laundry treatment process comprising the remaining amount of water. | eng_Latn | 21,841 |
On the minimum of Poisson's ratio in polymers | The calculation ofPoisson's ratio from the complexYoung's modulus and the complex shear modulus of polyvinylchloride as function of the temperature through the entire glass transition leads to curves with comparatively deep minima. It is shown that the shape of thePoisson's ratio curve depends on the rate of temperature change during the measurements. No minima were found in direct measurements ofPoisson's ratio. | Application of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors for odor sensing has been an important research topic. Proper performance of odor sensing systems with QCM sensors requires good discrimination among odor samples. Recently we have been studying pegylated lipopolymers - composed of lipid and poly(ethylene glycol). (PEG) The materials allowed for very good discrimination among odorants of different functional groups. Here we study lipopolymers with various molecular weight of PEG moiety. Our results indicate that the PEG chain length is an important factor influencing lipopolymer's sensing properties. | eng_Latn | 21,842 |
STUDIES ON THE THERMAL STABILITY OF THENUCLEATING EFFECT OF NUCLEATINGAGENTS IN POLYPROPYLENE | An experimental method was designed to characterize the thermal stability of nucleating effect of nucleating agents by repeated heating cooling DSC experiments.The DSC results showed that calcium carbonate,sodium benzoate and terephthalic acid were the nucleating agents of polypropylene with high thermal stability of the nucleating effect,while the thermal stability of nucleating effect of pimelic acid,suberic acid,azelaic acid,and the two component nucleating agents suberic acid/calcium carbonate and azelaic acid/calcium carbonate were poor.But the two component nucleator,pimelic acid/calcium carbonate exhibited good thermal stability,which infer that there are some interactions between pimelic acid and calcium carbonate. | RESPECT THE INVENTION COMPOSITION HAVING organopolysiloxane ORGANOPOLYSILOXANE HAVING AT LEAST ONE RADICAL VINYL A organohydropolysiloxane, CATALYST COMPLEX METAL PLATINUM GROUP AND AT LEAST ONE INHIBITORS WHICH IS ORGANIC COMPOUND allene WITH BOILING POINT OF AT LEAST 25C. THE COMPOSITIONS ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION ARE USED TO MAKE MATERIAL NOT aDHERE TO OTHER MATERIALS TO WHICH normally adhere. | yue_Hant | 21,843 |
Iteration method for solving linear viscoelasticity problems | Substantiation is given for a new iteration method that makes it possible to solve, with prescribed accuracy, boundary-value problems of quasistatics of a linearly viscoelastic body. A theorem is proved about the convergence of the iteration processes introduced. An approximate correspondence principle, making it possible to construct a solution for viscoelastic problems from known elastic problems, is obtained as a consequence of the theorem. Examples are given of an approximate determination of the connected-creep function, in terms of which numerous analytical solutions to viscoelasticity problems can be expressed. | The resistance-in-series model was used to describe the transfer resistance in the boundary layer and the membrane in the pervaporation process.The effects of membrane thickness and flow rate on concentration polarization in the pervaporation of ethanol /H_2O mixture with 2% ethanol in mass fraction were studied.The item c~s_i/c~b_iwere analyzed in terms of the model to determine the effect of liquid mass-transfer coefficient in the boundary layer and the membrane permeability.Separation factor related directly to polarization index since the membrane intrinsic separation factor was the function of only the membrane characteristics and the operating temperature,and it was increased with flow rate increasing.Experiments were conducted at three different temperatures to elucidate the extent of polarization concentration.The experimental data provided a reasonable fit to the model. | eng_Latn | 21,844 |
The influence of adding functionality to dispersant and particle core compositions in non-aqueous dispersion polymerization | Abstract Nano-sized polyacrylate colloids ( n -butyl methacrylate (BMA)-based macromer dispersants of varying chain lengths and levels of functionality provided by incorporation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) comonomer. The effect of building the complexity of the core polymer recipe from methyl acrylate homopolymer to a five-monomer composition is systematically studied. While average particle size increased with the introduction of functional comonomers, the resulting NAD systems remained stable for all core compositions using both BMA macromers and a copolymer macromer containing 5 mol% HEMA. However, introduction of the HEMA functionality to the dispersant at levels of > 5 mol% led to destabilization of the dispersion. The polarity differences between the core compositions and dispersant polymers and the mixed continuous medium, as represented by Hansen solubility parameters, are qualitatively used to interpret the nucleation of particles and the effectiveness of the dispersants. | Supported Pd nanoparticles on acetyl acetone modified silica gel was prepared and its catalytic application in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction of various aryl halides with phenylboronic acid was investigated. The reaction was carried out in water as solvent under green conditions in the presence of NaHCO3as the base. The catalyst was characterized by a combination of powder XRD, XPS, TEM and SEM. The catalyst is not sensitive to air and moisture, so reactions were carried out without using inert atmosphere. The catalyst can be reused up to six times without significant loss of catalyst activity. The cumulative turnover number (TON) over six runs is 13525. | eng_Latn | 21,845 |
Integrated Quantification and Identification of Aldehydes and Ketones in Biological Samples | The identification of unknown compounds remains to be a bottleneck of mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics screening experiments. Here, we present a novel approach which facilitates the identification and quantification of analytes containing aldehyde and ketone groups in biological samples by adding chemical information to MS data. Our strategy is based on rapid autosampler-in-needle-derivatization with p-toluenesulfonylhydrazine (TSH). The resulting TSH-hydrazones are separated by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and detected by electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight (ESI-QqTOF) mass spectrometry using a SWATH (Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical Fragment-Ion Spectra) data-independent high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) approach. Derivatization makes small, poorly ionizable or retained analytes amenable to reversed phase chromatography and electrospray ionization in both polarities. Negatively charged TSH-hydrazone ions furthermore show a simple and ... | This paper presents an inferential property prediction scheme for a high pressure polyethylene autoclave reactor. The development of a dynamic model of the process is described. It was derived from a consideration of the reaction mechanism and uses reaction temperatures, pressure and gas composition to predict the degree of polymerisation of the polymer. The values of certain key parameters in the model were derived from steady state data from the ICI Alkathenc plant at Botany Site. The model was shown to predict the degree of polymerisation during grade transition with an appropriate accuracy although it benefited from an on-line adaption scheme. | eng_Latn | 21,846 |
Curing of Epoxy Resin with Phosphorylated Diamine | Abstract The diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol-A (DGEBA), suitable for the manufacture of epoxy-glass fiber laminates, has been cured with bis(m-aminophenyl)methylphosphine oxide (BAPO), and the results have been compared with a commercially available 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS). DSC studies indicated that an increase in the concentration of diamine resulted in an increase in the extent of the curing reaction even above the optimum level of diamine. Cured resins were stable up to 300°C and started losing weight above this temperature. Glass fabric-reinforced laminates based on DGEBA:BAPO exhibited a higher limiting oxygen index (LOI), as well as higher shear and flexural strength than those based on the DGEBA:DDS system. Thermal aging at 185°C for 100 h did not affect the mechanical properties of laminates. However, a significant decrease was observed in interlaminar shear strength by boiling in water for 100 and 200 h. | Abstract Photosensitivity based practical applications of chalcogenide glasses such as high resolution inorganic photoresists require thorough understanding of the relations between the glass structure and the etching kinetics. In this paper we report on the selective wet etching of thermally evaporated As2Se3 thin films carried out using amine based solutions. The relation between photo- and thermo-induced structural changes in thin As2Se3 films and the decrease of the etching rate, increase of the etching process' activation energy respectively, was determined. | eng_Latn | 21,847 |
Catalytic properties of supramolecular systems based on polyoxyethylated calixarenes and amines | The rate of carboxylic ester cleavage by amphiphilic low-molecular-weight and polymeric amines in the presence of polyoxyethylated calix[4]arenes with different degrees of oxyethylation is determined by the formation of mixed aggregates, by the shift of pK a of the amine, and the character of the distribution of the reactants in functional micelles. All of the systems show a high substrate specificity. In the case of octyl- and decylamines, the reaction of p-nitrophenyl acetate is catalyzed and the reaction of more hydrophobic p-nitrophenyl laurate is inhibited. An opposite situation is observed in the systems based on branched polyethyleneimine: the reaction of p-nitrophenyl acetate is inhibited and the process involving p-nitrophenyl laurate is accelerated. | Corrosion and protection of the underwater steel structures for W114A platform were investigated.The offshore platform has been in service in the South China Sea for 15 years.It was found that the bio-fouling was serious and the maximum attachment thickness was 20cm,while,the cathodic protection system was normal and the protective effect was favorable.After analyzing the detective methods and their results,some problems were found.The program of potential detection was inappropriate,the detection method for physical size of the sacrificial anodes was inaccurate,and the base surface of the thickness measurement points was not clean;therefore,the cathodic protective effect could not be accuraely evaluated.To solve these problems,some valuable suggestions are put forward accordingly. | eng_Latn | 21,848 |
'Green' polymers: Dyeing for some colour | The use of dyes as catalyst initiators means that they are incorporated into polymer molecules, which removes the need for harsh post-dyeing treatments. | Abstract The paper commences with a discussion of the assumptions embodied in the normal method of presenting results of environmental stress-rupture tests. Results are presented from two test programmes on glass fibre-reinforced polyesters: a chopped strand mat laminate in air; and a mixed woven rovings/chopped strand mat laminate in aqueous environments, revealing very large experimental scatter. The author then describes methods which have been employed in an attempt to extract from the data predictions of the long term behaviour of the composites and indications of the environment upon them. | eng_Latn | 21,849 |
Saturated Vapor Pressures and the Enthalpies of Vaporization of Dicyclohexyl Esters of Dicarboxylic Acids | Saturated vapor pressures at 320–370 K and the enthalpies of vaporization of dicyclohexyl esters of linear dicarboxylic acids containing two to six carbon atoms were determined by the transpiration method. Linear correlations of the enthalpies of vaporization of the esters with the number of carbon atoms in molecules and Kovats retention indices were obtained. | The invention tax injection step for injecting a minute used to dissolve detergent tax towards the laundry in the drum; Tax penetration step of waiting for a predetermined time so that the amount of a tax the ejection can be absorbed by the laundry; By spraying the laundry towards the hot steam of the steam rinse step of rinsing the laundry; And polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (polyoxyethylene alkylether) of the minutes using detergent, comprising: a drying step of supplying hot air to the drum to dry the laundry is absorbed the steam is from 5 to 10% by weight; 3 to 5% by weight of sodium echil hexyl sulfate (sodium ethylhexyl sulfate); And to a laundry treatment process comprising the remaining amount of water. | eng_Latn | 21,850 |
A Four-Component Polarization Resolver (Correspondence) | Numerous ways are known for resolving a polarized microwave signal into pairs of orthogonally polarized components. Although pairs of orthogonal components contain redundant information, in many experimental applications it is desirable to have both linearly polarized and circularly polarized components available for comparison purposes. These four polarization components are derived simultaneously in the simple resolver-mixer assembly of Fig. 1. The X-band device shown represents an extension of principles applied earlier to an instantaneous polarimeter. | Polymer flooding is an important method of enhanced oil recovery,however,after long-term development of polymer injection,the reservoir physical properties has changed,and as the reason of the heterogeneity of reservoir development,exiting high permeability and large pore so on.The M124 fault block in the process of polymer flooding along the dominant path emerges channeling flow problem,it seriously restricted the development effect.In order to quickly identify the advantages of channeling the flow passage,the mathematic model is established for optimization advantage channeling circulation way by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.By case analysis shows,using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is an objective and effective method for optimization advantages of channeling the flow passage,which convenient calculation,easy to operate and promotion. | eng_Latn | 21,851 |
Quantitative chromatography of polyamines and related compounds with cation-exchange resin paper. | Abstract Good resolution of aliphatic polyamines and other compounds related to the arginine pathway was obtained on paper strips impregnated with strong cation-exchange resin after chromatography with high molarity acidic buffers or hydrochloric acid. Quantitative estimation was achieved after eluting the spots with strong acid and dinitrophenylation. Recovery of acid-soluble pools from bacterial cells was monitored with radioactive markers which also served for spot location by scanning or autoradiography. These procedures share some of the advantages of paper and column chromatography. | Chemical-mechanical polishing(CMP) was applied to fabricate the end face of fiber,and the polishing procedure was properly designed.The influence of polishing parameters such as polishing pad,the type and concentration of polishing slurry,polishing pressure,rotation speed and flowing rate of polishing slurry on the properties of polished surface was studied.A two-step polishing procedure was established,and the results showed that a high material removing ratio and perfect polishing surface were obtained under the parameters of particle concentration of 1%~2 %(wt.),flowing rate of polishing slurry of 100~150 mL/min,pressure of less than 20.64 kPa,and rotation speed of 90 rpm.A perfect end surface with roughness of 0.326 nm was achieved. | eng_Latn | 21,852 |
From Copolymer Precursor to Metal Oxides Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Characterization of Doped Copper and Cobalt Copolymer Via In Situ and Ex Situ Copolymerization | A series of new poly(aniline co-o-anthranilic acid) / copper, or cobalt composites were synthesized via chemical oxidation copolymerization with potassium dichromate as the oxidant in the presence of Cu, or Co by both in situ and ex situ methods. Aniline, o-anthranilic acid monomers and metal ratios were (1:1:0.5 and 1:1:1). The morphological, structural, and thermal properties were characterized with X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Greater 50% degradation temperature and char yield were observed in PANAA EB-Co vs. PANAA EB-Cu composite. The copper doped PANAA has been used as precursors to produce CuO in the nanoscale by annealing in air directly. The stages of decompositions and the calcination temperature of the precursors have been determined from the thermal analyses (TGA). The obtained CuO nanoparticles have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope... | The mechanical degradation of poly (-vinylacetate) in several mixed solvents (dioxane-n-butanol, dioxane-sec-butanol, dioxane-ethyleneglycol, dioxane-kerosene.) was studied using the capillary flow method. The velocity constant of scission reaction (k) and the limited degree of polymerization (g) were compared at the same value of [], which is considered as the parameter of molecular dimension of polymers in solution. As result, (k) did not change much, even if the species and the volume fraction of poor (non-) solvents changed, while the value of (g) changed according to the species of poor solvents and the value of []. From the facts described above, It follows that the limited degree of polymerization (g) were affected by the composition and distribution of mixed solvent molecules around the polymer chain, and the value of (at [] = ) in the polymer solution. | eng_Latn | 21,853 |
Fluorotelomer alcohol biodegradation: Direct evidence that perfluorinated carbon chains breakdown | There is increasing scientific interest to understand the environmental fate of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) and fluorotelomer-based products which may break down to FTOHs. Both are expected to enter aqueous waste streams, which would be processed in a wastewater treatment plant and therein subject to microbial biodegradation. We investigated the biodegradation of 3-14C, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanol [CF3(CF2)614CF2CH2CH2OH, 14C-8-2 FTOH] in mixed bacterial culture and activated sludge. 14CO2 and 14C-organic volatiles in the headspace of the sealed bottles and bottles with continuous air flow were analyzed up to 4 months. After sample extraction with acetonitrile, 14C-labeled biotransformation products (metabolites) were quantified by LC/ARC (on-line liquid chromatography/accurate radioisotope counting) and identified by quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry and GC/MSD (mass selective detector). Three metabolites not yet reported in the literature have been identified as CF3(CF2)6- 14CHOHCH... | In this report we introduce a new monolithic column for HPLC. The monolithic column was prepared using vinyl ester resin-co-ethylene dimethacrylate as the monomer. Using the free radical polymerization method a polymer network was formed, which was different from the traditional globular particles. The main factors affecting the porous structure of vinyl ester (VE) resin-based monolithic columns were investigated. By varying the porogen solvent, its content and the amount of initiator, different porous structures could be obtained. In order to evaluate the mechanical stability of the column material, the pressure drop across the column was measured at different flow-rates. Finally, using phenol, resorcinol and catechol as the test compounds, the normal-phase character of the poly(vinyl ester resin-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith was evident. | eng_Latn | 21,854 |
The substrate impact on the structure and thermal stability of solar selective black chrome | Abstract The role of the substrate in the structure and thermal stability of several types of black chrome has been examined by comparison of optical and structural results on fourteen substrate systems at temperatures up to 450°C. The main feature is the spread in behaviour with substrate for each of three sets of plating conditions used. Each set gave progressive improvements in overall stability coupled with diminishing sensitivity to the substrate. Porosity levels appear to be responsible. Oxide to metal ratios are shown to be a poor guide, by themselves, to absorber quality. Oxide percentage always increases at higher temperatures but associated α shifts vary with substrate. Other important factors discussed are diffusion through intermediate layers in multilayer substrates, the level of substrate oxidation, the influence of substrate on film structure and film thickness versus stability. | Objective ::: The main aim was to evaluate the effect of postponing the curing of the adhesive layer until the first layer of composite resin is applied—hereby oxygen-inhibited layer (OIL) formation and its detrimental effect on the degree of conversion (DC) of self-etch adhesives should be prevented. For this purpose, the degree of conversion and shear bond strength of four current market self-etch adhesives were evaluated, assessing the effect of curing the adhesives anaerobically and then under two different thicknesses of composite resin, and compare this to the samples cured alone and in air. | eng_Latn | 21,855 |
Synthesizing method of trioxymethylene | The invention discloses a synthesizing method of trioxymethylene. The method comprises the following step that: formalin is reacted under the catalysis of ionic liquid, and then the trioxymethylene is obtained, wherein the percentage by weight of the formalin is 30-70%. A catalyst used in the method disclosed by the invention is easy to prepare, and has high catalytic activity, the concentration of the trioxymethylene in reaction liquid is higher, the contents of methanal, methanoic acid, methylal and other by-products are low, and the selectivity of a product is better; the application scope of the concentration of the methanal material is wide and is 30-70 wt%, and the reaction condition is mild; the dosage of the ionic liquid catalyst is small and is 0.05-10 wt%; and the catalyst has good heat stability and can be recycled. | The invention tax injection step for injecting a minute used to dissolve detergent tax towards the laundry in the drum; Tax penetration step of waiting for a predetermined time so that the amount of a tax the ejection can be absorbed by the laundry; By spraying the laundry towards the hot steam of the steam rinse step of rinsing the laundry; And polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (polyoxyethylene alkylether) of the minutes using detergent, comprising: a drying step of supplying hot air to the drum to dry the laundry is absorbed the steam is from 5 to 10% by weight; 3 to 5% by weight of sodium echil hexyl sulfate (sodium ethylhexyl sulfate); And to a laundry treatment process comprising the remaining amount of water. | eng_Latn | 21,856 |
Coloring material and method for producing same | The present invention is intended to yeomchakseong it is excellent, and further provides a method for producing the coloring material which can achieve the excellent coloring material and the coloring material in the art of high purity, and heat resistance in high yield. To the color material represented by the general formula (I). (Symbol of the formula (I) is as same as described in the specification) | The decoloration effect of ion exchange resins and macroporous adsorption resins on soybean oligosaccharide syrup was studied.D392 was chosen as the decolorizing resin by comparing the decoloration effect on the syrup with different resins.The optimal operation parameters within experimental scale were as follows.The solid content of oligosaccharide syrup was 10.75%.With V(syrup)∶V(resin)=11∶1,decoloring at room temperature for 3～4 h,the decoloration rate was over 86%.The desorption reagent was the mixed solution of equal volumes of NaOH water solution[w(NaOH)=10%]and ethanol[w(C_2H_5OH)=100%].The desorption rate reached 99.81%. | eng_Latn | 21,857 |
Optical properties of poly‐diacetylene monolayers | The topochemical polymerization of diacetylene molecules as monolayers in situ on a Langmuir trough is described via the visible absorbance of the polymer products. Possible differences in the product structure between crystal or multilayer polymerizations and that in monolayers is investigated for two monomers. Significant differences in the visible, infrared, and resonance Raman spectra are reported and a strong dependence of visible absorbance on surface pressure is described. | The kinetics of controllable degradation of N-vinylpyrrolidone-sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate copolymers in aqueous solutions under the action of degrading agents at 25-50°C were studied by viscometry. The efficiency of controlling the molecular weight of copolymer was estimated. | eng_Latn | 21,858 |
Chitosan-supported palladium catalyst. IV. Influence of temperature on nitrophenol degradation and thermodynamic parameters. | Glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan was loaded with palladium and then reduced using an in situ hydrogen generation procedure (Zn in sulfuric acid solution) to prepare a chitosan-supported palladium catalyst. This catalyst was successfully used to degrade nitrophenol in dilute solutions in the presence of sodium formate as the hydrogen donor. The influence of the initial concentration of nitrophenol and sodium formate was studied in order to determine the minimum molar ratio between these compounds required to achieve complete conversion of the nitrogenous product at two temperatures. Increasing the temperature decreased the excess of hydrogen donor required for complete conversion of nitrophenol. The temperature was also varied between 10 and 60 degrees C in order to determine the activation energy. The pseudo first-order equation was shown to fit degradation kinetics in most cases; however, for some cases it was necessary to use a variable-order equation to model the kinetics. | AbstractMarble and stone used as building materials are susceptible to environmental damage. Polymers can be used as carriers of suitable pigments for the protection of the surface of a monument. The photodegradation of a series of Paraloid B72 films containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigments has been studied under UV irradiation. Two kinds of TiO2, anatase and anatase/rutile mixture, were used in different concentrations, 5, 15 and 30% w/w. The chemical and molecular changes induced by the irradiation treatment were followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and solubility measurements. The presence of anatase pigment significantly improved the photostability of Paraloid films | eng_Latn | 21,859 |
In the hardware industry, what 'stirring' word describes the process of coating of iron/steel with zinc to prevent rusting? | Patent US8182874 - Method for coating metallic surfaces with an aqueous composition - Google Patents Method for coating metallic surfaces with an aqueous composition US 8182874 B2 Abstract A process for coating a metallic surface by contacting the metallic surface with a first coating composition to form a first coating on the metallic surface, wherein the first coating composition contains water and at least one compound a) selected from a silane, a silanol, a siloxane and a polysiloxane. The first coating is the rinsed with an aqueous surfactant-containing fluid without drying so that the at least one compound a) does not condense before the rinsing step. The silane, silanol, siloxane or polysiloxane is capable of condensation. Images(15) Claims(38) 1. A process comprising the steps of contacting a metallic surface with a first coating composition to form a first coating on the metallic surface, wherein the first coating composition consists of: water; and at least one compound a) selected from the group consisting of a silane, a silanol, a siloxane and a polysiloxane, wherein the at least one compound is capable of condensation; and rinsing the first coating with an aqueous surfactant-containing fluid without drying so that the at least one compound a) does not condense before the rinsing step. 2. The process of , further comprising applying a second coating on the first coating. 3. The process according to claim 2 , comprising rinsing the first coating with a fluid before applying the second coating. 4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the second coating is a conversion coating, a coating resulting from the application of an after-rinsing solution, a coating based on a lacquer, a primer or an adhesive. 5. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the second coating is a conversion coating, a coating resulting from the application of an after-rinsing solution, a coating based on a lacquer, a primer or an adhesive. 6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the pH of the first coating composition is greater than 1.5 and less than 9. 7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein compound a) is present in an amount of from 0.005 to 80 g/l, calculated on the basis of a corresponding silanol. 8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein compound a) contains at least one member selected from the group consisting of an amino group, an urea group and an ureido group. 9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous surfactant-containing fluid contains demineralized water. 10. A process comprising the steps of contacting a metallic surface with a first coating composition to form a first coating on the metallic surface, wherein the first coating composition consists of: water; at least one compound a) selected from the group consisting of a silane, a silanol, siloxane and a polysiloxane, wherein the at least one compound is capable of condensation; and at least one compound b) selected from the group consisting of titanium, hafnium, zirconium, aluminum and boron; and rinsing the first coating with an aqueous surfactant-containing fluid without drying so that the at least one compound a) does not condense hefbre the rinsing step. 11. The process of , further comprising applying a second coating on the first coating. 12. The process according to claim 11 , comprising rinsing the first coating with a fluid before applying the second coating. 13. The process according to claim 12 , wherein the second coating is a conversion coating, a coating resulting from the application of an after-rinsing solution, a coating based on a lacquer, a primer or an adhesive. 14. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the second coating is a conversion coating, a coating resulting from the application of an after-rinsing solution, a coating based on a lacquer, a primer or an adhesive. 15. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the pH of the first coating composition is greater than 1.5 and less than 9. 16. The process according to claim 10 , wherein compound a) is present in an amount of from 0.005 to 80 g/l, calculated on t | Shinty - Sport Made in Scotland! - YouTube Shinty - Sport Made in Scotland! Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Mar 6, 2015 Promotional shinty film courtesy of Norman Strachan. Category | eng_Latn | 21,860 |
Okay, so what was that substance supposed to be- remember when the Jackal sprayed that chemical on the doorhandle of the back of his Mini-van? It caused that Hi-Jacker to choke to death. What was that substance supposed to be, ya think? | I think it was the sweat from underneath Bruce Willis' hairpiece. | I haven’t done any serious histology for over 10 years but…\nFirst off what do you mean by “without altering the mycelial growth”? Are you attempting to produce a live culture slide so that you can exmaine growth? If so then for God's sake don't use ethanol. Alcohol will certainly alter the mycelial growth. It will kill any growing mycelia. Alcohol also has a string tendency to cause shrinkage in soft tissues.\n\nDo you perhaps mean “without altering the mycelial structure”? That's a whole different story.\n\nLactophenol cotton blue is a combined stain and mounting fluid. The stain component (cotton blue) is designed to make the various cellular components contrast more so you can see them more easily. The lactophenol is just there as a mounting medium, not as a fixative. It serves approximately the same purpose as water on a wet slide but t lasts a little longer. Alcohol is a fixative. You can’t use it to replace the stain and it evaporates too fast to serve as a mounting medium. \n\nWhat do you want to use this slide for? How long do you need to store it? I seem to recall, and a quick websearch seems to confirm, that lactic acid and acid fuschin does pretty much the same job as LCB. I’ll include one of the websites I turned up that suggest this. It also has a few other suggestions for mounting media/dye combinations that might suit you.\n\nSorry I can’t be more help. It’s probably because it’s been so long since I’ve done this, but I really don’t quite understand what you are trying to achieve. | eng_Latn | 21,861 |
A buffer solution is prepared by mixing 0.480 L of 0.400 M NH3 and 0.520 L of 0.100 M NH4Cl. Given that the pKb of NH3 = 4.75 calculate the pH of this buffer solution.\n\nWhat is the pH of the solution if 22.0 g KOH is added to the original buffer? | The answer to the first part:\n1) You need to find the pKa ---> use pKa+pKb = 14\nso 14-pKb = pKa\n14-4.75 = 9.25\n\n2) work out the final Molarity of each\n[NH3] = 0.400M/0.480L = 0.833M\n[NH4Cl] = 0.100M/0.520L = 0.192M\n\n3) now use the henderson-hasselbach equation\npH = pKa + log([base]/[acid])\n= 9.25 + log([0.833]/[0.192])\n= 9.89 | I haven’t done any serious histology for over 10 years but…\nFirst off what do you mean by “without altering the mycelial growth”? Are you attempting to produce a live culture slide so that you can exmaine growth? If so then for God's sake don't use ethanol. Alcohol will certainly alter the mycelial growth. It will kill any growing mycelia. Alcohol also has a string tendency to cause shrinkage in soft tissues.\n\nDo you perhaps mean “without altering the mycelial structure”? That's a whole different story.\n\nLactophenol cotton blue is a combined stain and mounting fluid. The stain component (cotton blue) is designed to make the various cellular components contrast more so you can see them more easily. The lactophenol is just there as a mounting medium, not as a fixative. It serves approximately the same purpose as water on a wet slide but t lasts a little longer. Alcohol is a fixative. You can’t use it to replace the stain and it evaporates too fast to serve as a mounting medium. \n\nWhat do you want to use this slide for? How long do you need to store it? I seem to recall, and a quick websearch seems to confirm, that lactic acid and acid fuschin does pretty much the same job as LCB. I’ll include one of the websites I turned up that suggest this. It also has a few other suggestions for mounting media/dye combinations that might suit you.\n\nSorry I can’t be more help. It’s probably because it’s been so long since I’ve done this, but I really don’t quite understand what you are trying to achieve. | eng_Latn | 21,862 |
chemistry question about barbies hair changing color? | Any material that changes color with response to a temperature change is called ‘thermochromic.’ There are three common ways of doing this: with a gel, which will work in a water-based environment (which is not typically stable for use like this application), with an organometalic compound (usually very toxic; Cobalt (II) chloride is a common one - blue to pink), and with a thermally-responsive pH indicator. When the doll’s hair is heated, one compound will change its pH. That change in pH will interact with a pH sensitive dye, and change the hair’s color.\n\nUnfortunately, the chemicals used in Barbie’s hair would fill a chemist’s Christmas list – \nFrom the patent, here is the list of chemicals:\n…(A) from about 1% to about 20% by weight of one or more electron-donating, chromatic organic compounds selected from the group consisting of diaryl phthalides, polyaryl carbinols, leuco auramines, lactum leuco compounds, indolines, spiropyrans and fluoranes having a molecular weight of from about 350 to about 1000; (B) from about 2% to about 30% by weight of one or more compounds having a phenolic hydroxyl group and a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 800; (C) from about 10% to about 90% by weight of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, docosyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol and mixtures thereof; and (D) the balance to make 100% being one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of octyl caprylate, decyl caprylate, octyl caprate, decyl caprate, cetyl caprate, stearyl caprate, butyl laurate, octyl laurate, lauryl laurate, stearyl laurate, butyl myristate, decyl myristate, myristyl myristate, cetyl myristate, octyl palmitate, butyl stearate, decyl stearate, lauryl stearate, stearyl stearate, 12-hydroxy stearic acid triglyceride and mixtures thereof…\n\nThey purposely try to be as general as possible – probably only a few combinations of these chemicals, at the right concentrations will give the desired color change.\n\nIf you want to search for something to experiment with, do a google for thermochromic inks. \n\nSorry I couldn’t be of more help. Good luck! | did you also prepare a standard solution? because the way i do it, is that i have a standard so i can compare the 2 absorbtions (same wavelength)...You know the equation.. | eng_Latn | 21,863 |
my 22 month old daughter was bitten by some fire ants and now she is running a high fever is it from the ants? | Take her to the doctor asap. I was swarmed by fireants at a young age and the same thing happened to me...high fever, vomiting, etc. I was poisoned. I ended up being admitted to the hospital overnight. I wish I could give you more details, but I was so young, all I remember is how sick it made me and how bad it hurt. It can be a big deal, so, please, get your baby looked at! Good luck and I am so sorry for you and that little punkin!!!! | Any material that changes color with response to a temperature change is called ‘thermochromic.’ There are three common ways of doing this: with a gel, which will work in a water-based environment (which is not typically stable for use like this application), with an organometalic compound (usually very toxic; Cobalt (II) chloride is a common one - blue to pink), and with a thermally-responsive pH indicator. When the doll’s hair is heated, one compound will change its pH. That change in pH will interact with a pH sensitive dye, and change the hair’s color.\n\nUnfortunately, the chemicals used in Barbie’s hair would fill a chemist’s Christmas list – \nFrom the patent, here is the list of chemicals:\n…(A) from about 1% to about 20% by weight of one or more electron-donating, chromatic organic compounds selected from the group consisting of diaryl phthalides, polyaryl carbinols, leuco auramines, lactum leuco compounds, indolines, spiropyrans and fluoranes having a molecular weight of from about 350 to about 1000; (B) from about 2% to about 30% by weight of one or more compounds having a phenolic hydroxyl group and a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 800; (C) from about 10% to about 90% by weight of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, docosyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol and mixtures thereof; and (D) the balance to make 100% being one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of octyl caprylate, decyl caprylate, octyl caprate, decyl caprate, cetyl caprate, stearyl caprate, butyl laurate, octyl laurate, lauryl laurate, stearyl laurate, butyl myristate, decyl myristate, myristyl myristate, cetyl myristate, octyl palmitate, butyl stearate, decyl stearate, lauryl stearate, stearyl stearate, 12-hydroxy stearic acid triglyceride and mixtures thereof…\n\nThey purposely try to be as general as possible – probably only a few combinations of these chemicals, at the right concentrations will give the desired color change.\n\nIf you want to search for something to experiment with, do a google for thermochromic inks. \n\nSorry I couldn’t be of more help. Good luck! | eng_Latn | 21,864 |
what is octal phenol used for? Is it in anything? Why is it used? | I think what your asking is about OCTYL PHENOL.. here's my answer:\n\nPara Octyl Phenol\n\n \n\nTechnical Data : \n\nTest\n Test Method\n Specification\n \n\n \n\nAppearance\n Visual\n Solid flakes \n \n\n \n\nColour (molten), HU, (max.) \n QAS-W-006\nEq. to ASTM D-1209\n 50\n \n\n \n\nMelting point,oC, (min.)\n QAS-W-017\n 82.0\n \n\n \n\nPurity,\npercent by mass, (min.)\n QAS-W-160\n(G.C. Method)\n 98.5\n \n\n \n\nPhenol,\npercent by mass, (max.)\n QAS-W-160\n(G.C. Method)\n 0.10\n \n\n \n\nWater content,\npercent by mass, (max.)\n QAS-W-009\nEq. to ASTM D- 1364\n 0.10\n \n\n \n\nCharacteristic Data : \n\nTest\n Test Method\n Typical Value\n \n\n \n\nHydroxyl value,\nmg KOH/gm\n QAS-W-202\n(Auto Titrator Method)\n 270\n \n\n \n\nNote: Characteristic data provides further information about the product and is not subject to constant monitoring. Technical data are specification values and are subject to constant monitoring.\n\n \n\n \n\nApplication \n\n Para Octyl Phenol (POP) is mainly used in the manufacture of POP-ethylene oxide condensates and POP-formaldehyde resins. \n\n POP-ethylene oxide condensates are widely used as textile auxiliaries, wetting agents, emulsifiers for pesticides, detergents and non-ionic surface active agents etc. On further treatment with inorganic acids, these condensates give anionic surfactants. \n\n POP-formaldehyde reisns (Novolak Type), are used as tackifiers for synthetic rubber particularly in the tyre and adhesive industries. As heat reactive resins (Resole Type), they are suitable for curing of butyl rubber and they are also compatible with NR, ABS, & polychloroprene elastomers etc. \n\n POP- formaldehyde reisns are used in the manufacture of oil soluble resins for surface coating applications, special printing inks, brake & clutch linings etc.\n Packing\n\n \n\n25 kgs nett in Polyethylene bags.\n\n \n\nUN Classification\n\n Class : 8 \n\n UN No. : 3145 \n\n We pack 720 bags in a 20 ft container equivalent to 18 MT \n\n nett Para Octyl Phenol (POP) in 1 FCl for \n\n \n\nNOTE: Although the information given in this technilet on applications is accurate to the best of our knowledge, no liability can be accepted in respect of such information and no warranties or conditions are intended in respect of the product described. | Yeah...distilled leech oil or so called Minyak Lintah Tapa produced from leeches that feed on coconut oils ( minyak kelapa hijau ) until they are full (kenyang giler). Then, the leeches will be leaved to fully digest the oil. The process will repeat several times, then the leeches (not internet leeches) will be cut open.The leeches internal will be full of oils and then extracted.\nThat's how you make minyak lintah....\nI read it from a very old book...i mean a veeeery old books, Jawi written | eng_Latn | 21,865 |
Multi-Level Video Frame Interpolation: Exploiting the Interaction Among Different Levels | Determining Optical Flo w | Bulk-fill resin composites: Polymerization properties and extended light curing | eng_Latn | 21,866 |
How do I make 2,4 dichlorophenol from 2,4,6 trichlorophenol? | How can I make 2,4 dichlorophenol from 2,4,6 trichlorophenol? | What are some good things to mix with Disaronno? | eng_Latn | 21,867 |
what is pgpr | Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), E 476, is an emulsifier made in a three-step process from glycerol and fatty acids (usually castor bean derived).GPR is a yellowish, viscous liquid composed of poly glycerol esters of polycondensed fatty acids from castor oil. It may also be polyglycerol esters of dimerized fatty acids of soybean oil. | The Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues (CCPR) is a subsidiary body of. the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) that advises on all matters related. to pesticide residues. Its primary objective is to develop Maximum Residue. Limits (MRLs), in order to protect the health of the consumer while facilitating. | eng_Latn | 21,868 |
is isobutylene recyclable | Water is separated from the first overhead stream, and the resulting isobutylene-enriched stream is recycled back to the reaction step. The first bottoms stream is distilled to produce a bottoms product stream comprising diisobutylene and a second overhead stream comprising tertiary butyl alcohol and diisobutylene.he reaction product stream, comprising diisobutylene, isobutylene, TBA, and water, is purified by a process a shown in. . The reaction product stream is passed via line 11 to a first distillation tower 10. Tower 10 contains 35 ideal stages, 11 above feed and 24 below feed. | This invention is a process for producing diisobutylene from isobutylene. The process comprises first contacting a sulfonic acid resin with a reaction feed comprising isobutylene and tertiary butyl alcohol to produce a product stream comprising diisobutylene, isobutylene, tertiary butyl alcohol, and water.his example shows that the use of a single distillation tower with a side draw is ineffective for removing water from the TBA recycle stream (line 4), or from the isobutylene recycle stream (line 5). | eng_Latn | 21,869 |
retention factor chromatography definition | The most effective and convenient way to alter the retention factor of a peak is to adjust. the âsolvent strengthâ of the chromatographic mobile phase. This is usually achieved in. reversed phase chromatography by changing the amount of organic solvent (modifier) in. the mobile phase mixture. | paper chromatography pa·per chromatography (pÄ'pÉr) n. A form of partition chromatography in which the moving phase is a liquid and the stationary phase is paper. chromatography chro·ma·tog·ra·phy (krÅ'mÉ-tÅg'rÉ-fÄ) n. Any of various techniques for the separation of complex mixtures that rely on the differential affinities of substances for a gas or liquid mobile medium and for a stationary adsorbing medium through which they pass, such as paper, gelatin, or magnesia. Also called absorption chromatography. | eng_Latn | 21,870 |
which grade is applicable for polyvinyl alcohol | 3-3-4 Viscosity Stability of the aqueous solution The viscosity of PVA(Polyvinyl Alcohol) aqueous solution for fully hydrolyzed grades increases, according to storage time, and a gelation occurs. | Class practical. A solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can be made into a slime by adding borax solution, which creates crosslinks between polymer chains. In this activity, some interesting properties of the slime are investigated. Students are guaranteed to enjoy the activities involved. solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can be made into a slime by adding borax solution, which creates crosslinks between polymer chains. In this activity, some interesting properties of the slime are investigated. Students are guaranteed to enjoy the activities involved. | eng_Latn | 21,871 |
what polymerization process is used to synthesize pet | The first part consists of melt phase reaction used to produce copolymers with an intrinsic viscosity (IV) suitable for textile applications. But when very high molecular weights are desired, as is the case for bottle grade PET resins, the polymerization may be carried out in stages. The traditional Buhler process integrates four typical stages for producing bottle grade PET : crystallization, annealing, solid state polymerization (SSP) and cooling. New technologies are currently replacing this design with a tendency to reduce the number of units involved and thus the global process cost. | Synthesizing human insulin is a multi-step biochemical process that depends on basic recombinant DNA techniques and an understanding of the insulin gene. DNA carries the instructions for how the body works and one small segment of the DNA, the insulin gene, codes for the protein insulin. | eng_Latn | 21,872 |
is exopy heat resistant | In general, epoxy adhesives cured with heat will be more heat-and chemical-resistant than those cured at room temperature. The strength of epoxy adhesives is degraded at temperatures above 350 °F (177 °C). Some epoxies are cured by exposure to ultraviolet light.olyphenols, such as bisphenol A or novolacs can react with epoxy resins at elevated temperatures (130-180°C), normally in the presence of a catalyst. The resulting material has ether linkages and displays higher chemical and oxidation resistance than typically obtained by curing with amines or anhydrides. | It is one of the two most common filaments, along with ABS, purchased for use in 3D printers in many western countries. PLA is harder than ABS, melts at a lower temperature (around 180°C to 220°C), and has a glass transition temperature between 60-65 °C, so is potentially a very useful material. It does exhibit higher friction than ABS however which can make it difficult to extrude and more susceptible to extruder jams. | eng_Latn | 21,873 |
definition anthocyanin pigments | Anthocyanins are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that may appear red, purple, or blue depending on the pH. They belong to a parent class of molecules called flavonoids synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway; they are odorless and nearly flavorless, contributing to taste as a moderately astringent sensation. | 1 pigment(s) - prime pigments to impart colour and opacity. 2 binder (resin) - a polymer, often referred to as resin, forming a matrix to hold the pigment in place. extender - larger pigment particles added to improve adhesion, strengthen the film and save binder. | eng_Latn | 21,874 |
what percentage does patreon take | The crowdfunding services all take a percentage of the total: Kickstarter takes 5 percent; Indiegogo takes 4 percent (if your project hits its goal; 9 percent otherwise -- it's complicated); and Patreon takes 5 percent of every monthly take. | Polyphthalamide with DT-Segment If more than 55% of the acid part of a PPA is made out of IPA, then the copolymer is amorphous. Molar masses for PPAs made with direct polycondensation techniques range between 12,000 and 16,000 g/mol. | eng_Latn | 21,875 |
what are thermochromic inks | Thermochromic inks are pigments that change color to colorless at certain temperature. There are many different types of thermochromic pigments including textile inks for textile screen printing.Usually you mix normal textile pigments with thermochromic inks so that it looks like the ink is changing from one color to the other.or example, if you mix yellow normal pigment with blue thermochromic ink, you will get green ink that changes from green (under reaction temperature) to yellow (over reaction temperature). | Thermo Scientific Pierce PNPP (p-nitrophenyl phosphate) is a colorimetric, soluble substrate of alkaline phosphatase for use in ELISA applications. Features of PNPP (p-nitrophenyl phosphate): ⢠One-component alkaline phosphatase (AP) substrate. ⢠Absorbance maximum of 405nm. | eng_Latn | 21,876 |
Pure trans - lutein ester composition and a manufacturing method thereof | The present invention provides a composition having a xanthophyll esters of high content of trans key rate xanthophyll ester components is high of the composition - a composition comprising lutein ester. The present invention also provides methods of making and using such compositions. | A high resolution, laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometer (LITOF-MS) was used to study lead borate glasses and crystals. This technique provides valuable information about glass structure, including the superstructural network units. Several structural units were identified and we found evidence of a lead substructure beginning to form in the glass with increased lead content. | eng_Latn | 21,877 |
Structural optimization of vapor pressure correlations using simulated annealing and threshold accepting: Application to R134a☆ | Abstract This paper reports the use of two methods, simulated annealing (SA) and threshold accepting (TA), to determine a set of optimal terms (the structure) of the vapor pressure correlation for the R134a. The SA algorithm with the Lundy and Mees annealing schedule, and the TA algorithm with the Aarts and VanLaarhoven schedule gave the best performance, based on minimal computational time for a given performance. SA and TA appear to be versatile, powerful and computationally simple methods for determining the structure of empirical correlations of thermophysical property data. | FIELD: refrigerating engineering. SUBSTANCE: refrigerator which has a drink overcooling function contents section for drink overcooling and storing which has variety of shelves certain types of drinks and connected by means of guide channel with ventilator for cooling air circulation; input unit, intended for choosing drink solidification level and outfitted by activate button button of solidification level choosing; control unit for regulation drink overcooling degree based on choose solidification level, which is connected with input unit; temperature sensor connected to control unit for definition of temperature in overcooling section; evaporator intended for cooling of overcooling section which is mounted on back wall of overcooling section; driving device connected to evaporator and control unit. EFFECT: invention allows to regulate drink overcooling degree for supplying of selective regulation of solidification level. 18 cl, 8 dwg | eng_Latn | 21,878 |
Texas plant solves foam problems with modified MEA system | Modifications to the recirculating monoethanolamine (MEA) filtration system have solved foaming problems in the amine sweetening unit of a Longview, Tex., gas plant. Foaming is a problem often encountered in older amine plants but not uncommon to newer plants, particularly those using formulated solvents. Because pure amines do not form stable foams, one or more contaminants must be present in order to form a persistent foam. | Three design schemes of the runner system of an injection mould for an automobile panel were simulated and optimized based on CAE technology.The optimized gating system helps to increase the quality of product and shorten the development cycle. | eng_Latn | 21,879 |
Cosmetic composition has fixing power and / or conditioner containing a specific acrylic copolymer | The invention relates to a cosmetic composition or vaporizable sprayable, particularly in the form of an aerosol comprising, in an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one fixing polymer and / or conditioner and at least one alkyl acrylate copolymer / alkyl methacrylate / acrylic acid. | Polymer-controlled mineralization in aqueous solution or in a mixed solvent media, as well as its combination with the interface of air-water can lead to the formation of minerals with unique structures and morphologies, which sheds light on the possibility to mimic the detailed structures of the natural minerals. | eng_Latn | 21,880 |
Flächenextrudate with self-cleaning properties, and methods of making such extrudates | The invention relates to Flachenextrudate with surfaces having self-cleaning properties as well as a simple method of making such self-cleaning surfaces. DOLLAR A The method is very simple, as it can use existing equipment already. Typically Flachenextrudate are smoothed by rolling. The inventive method makes use of these rollers by microparticles are applied to these rollers, which are transferred to these when smoothing of the extrudates by the particles are pressed into the surface of the extrudate. DOLLAR A process of the invention self-cleaning surfaces are accessible, the particles have a fissured structure, without an additional imprinting layer or foreign material substrate layer must be applied to the mold body. DOLLAR A Inventive extrudates z can. As his foil-shaped or plate-shaped. | The Gell-Mann and Low's technology and Bethe–Salpeter equation for manyparticles are first discussed. Then the space-like form of Bethe–Salpeter equation involving both the bound state and scatter state are extended to many-particle case. Consequently we build the formalism of the space-like equation with explicit Lorentz covariant form and without the difficulty of ghost states automatically. | eng_Latn | 21,881 |
Extractable/leachable substances from plastic materials used as pharmaceutical product containers/devices. | A review is provided related to the accumulation of organic and inorganic leachable substances from DEHP-plasticized PVC, polyolefin and various other related pharmaceutical plastic packaging materials. The review considers both the identification of such leachables as well as their reported levels in actual and simulated pharmaceutical products. | The invention relates to an electric potential distribution plug-in adapter (20), in particular a safety plug adapter (20) for electrically contacting a connection device (50) of an electrical component (5), for the field of motor vehicles, with an adapter housing (200), said adapter housing (200 is) are formed such that this immediately (in a distributor housing 2) is receivable, in particular latched, and (within the adapter housing 200) an electric potential distribution contact means (300) is accommodated. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for assembling an electric distribution device (1), particularly a fuse box (1) for connecting devices (50) of electrical components (5), for the automotive field, wherein the distributor device (1) (at least one conventional slot 12 ) (for a connecting device 50) and one (with an electrical cable 4) or an electric wire harness (4) assembled, electric potential distribution plug-in adapter (20) on / in the distribution device (1), particular latched, is. | eng_Latn | 21,882 |
Application of N-formylmorpholin in desulfuration | N-formylmorpholin has fairly good desulfuration effect besides being used for extractive distillation reclaiming and refining aromatic hydrocarbon because of its physical properties and chemical structure features.It has a bright prospect of application. | The acid value of distillate from homemade plate deodorizer is about 65 mgKOH/g,and that from Alfa Laval soft column is about 120 mgKOH/g.When designing a new deodorizer,the packing and the plate can be combined so as to keep the quality of finished oil.600 mm thickness of the wire net layer is adopted in the FFA scrubber on top of the homemade plate deodorizer to scrubber the flash oil and the FFA,so that the acid value of the distillate can be improved to 90 mgKOH/g,and the oil content in the distillate can be degraded and the oil refining yield can be increased by 0.1%～0.3%. | eng_Latn | 21,883 |
THE FAILURE RATE OF POLYETHYLENE | The failure rate of polyethylene cable in utility underground distribution systems is a matter of concern throughout the industry. A major failure mechanism is electrochemical treeing which results in insulation breakdown. Electrochemical treeing in po3yethylene cable is known to be a function of voltage stress, moisture, insulation d efects and time in service. This paper deals with the formulation of failure rates due to electrochemical treeing, for both high molecular weight and crosslinked polyethylene cables. It is shown, using data from several sources, that the failure rates are a function of the time that the cable is in service. Expressions are derived for determining the failure rate from field data. | Sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide are widely used in the manufacture of Ethoxylated Lauryl Alcohol Sulfates,in order to improve color quality of the product.This article discusses the dosage of both bleacher in AES with different alkyl chain structure,as well as the effect of bleach process on the product quality and performance. | yue_Hant | 21,884 |
What is a mixture of saturated aliphatic and alicyclic C7 to C12 hydrocarbons with a maximum content of 25% of C7 to C12 alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons, which is used as an extraction, cleaning and degreasing solvent, and as a solvent in aerosols, paints, wood preservatives, lacquers, varnishes, and asphalt products? | A-level Applied Science/Colour Chemistry/Paint/Solvents - Wikibooks, open books for an open world A-level Applied Science/Colour Chemistry/Paint/Solvents Solvents[ edit ] In paint , the solvent serves to adjust the viscosity of the paint. It is volatile and does not become part of the paint film. Solvents are also known as diluents and thinners. Water is a common solvent, used in emulsion ('latex') paints. White spirit (also known as Stoddard solvent, mineral spirit or petroleum spirit) is a paraffin-derived clear, transparent liquid which is a common organic solvent used in painting and decorating. It is used in alkyd ('gloss') paints. It is a mixture of saturated aliphatic and alicyclic C7 to C12 hydrocarbons with a maximum content of 25% of C7 to C12 alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons. White spirit is used as an extraction solvent, as a cleaning solvent, as a degreasing solvent and as a solvent in aerosols, paints, wood preservatives, lacquers, varnishes, and asphalt products. In western Europe about 60% of the total white spirit consumption is used in paints, lacquers and varnishes. White spirit is the most widely used solvent in the paint industry. It is a typical VOC. Turpentine substitute is a mineral-based replacement for the vegetable-based organic solvent turpentine. It is a hydrotreated naphtha - a light distillate of petroleum - which forms a clear transparent liquid at room temperature. It is a complex mixture of highly refined hydrocarbon distillates mainly in the C9-C16 range. The liquid is highly volatile and the vapours are flammable. As the name suggests it is a widely available and cheaper substitute for turpentine. It is commonly used as an organic solvent in painting and decorating, for thinning oil based paint and cleaning brushes. Also known as turps substitute, mineral turpentine, or just turps, causing confusion with genuine turpentine. It is a very dangerous inhalant. Industrial paints use mixtures of dimethylbenzene, methylbenzene, alcohols, esters and ketones. [1] . Other typical solvents include glycol ethers and volatile low-molecular weight synthetic resins. HammeriteTM, for example, uses a mixture of acetone (propanone, a ketone), hydrotreated naphtha (turpentine substitute - hydrocarbon) and butyl acetate (ester) [2] . VOCs[ edit ] Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic compounds that have high enough vapour pressures under normal conditions to significantly vaporize and enter the atmosphere. A wide range of carbon-based molecules, such as aldehydes, ketones, and hydrocarbons are VOC's. Sources of VOCs[ edit ] Common artificial sources of VOCs include paint thinners, dry cleaning solvents, and some constituents of petroleum fuels (e.g. gasoline and natural gas). Trees are also an important biological source of VOC. It is also known that trees emit large amounts of VOCs especially isoprene and terpenes. Significant biological sources of methane are termites, cows (ruminants) and cultivation (estimated emissions 15, 75 and 100 million tons per year respectively). Environmental Impacts[ edit ] VOCs are sometimes accidentally released into the environment, where they can become soil and groundwater contaminants. Vapours of VOCs escaping into the air contribute to air pollution. The aromatic compounds benzene, toluene and xylene are suspected carcinogens. 1,3-butadiene is another dangerous compound which is often associated with industrial uses. Some VOCs also react with nitrogen oxides in the air in the presence of sunlight to form ozone. Ozone poses a health threat in the lower atmosphere by causing respiratory problems. In addition high concentrations of low level ozone can damage crops and buildings. Contribution to Indoor Air Pollution[ edit ] Many VOCs found around the house, such as paint strippers and wood preservatives, contribute to sick building syndrome because of their high vapour pressure. VOC's are often used in paint, plastics, and cosmetics. Terminology and legal definitions[ edit ] There are a number of different ways to collectively refer to those chemical compounds that par | Sal volatile | Define Sal volatile at Dictionary.com sal volatile [sal voh-lat-l-ee] /ˈsæl voʊˈlæt lˌi/ Spell an aromatic alcoholic solution of ammonium carbonate, the chief ingredient in smelling salts. Origin of sal volatile 1645-55; < New Latin: volatile salt Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for sal volatile Expand Historical Examples The Guardian Angel Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. An uneasy conscience?ah!for an uneasy conscience there is nothing better than sal volatile! The Lamp of Fate Margaret Pedler A few drops (15 to 30) of ether, with a little tincture of capsicum or spirit of sal volatile, seldom fail to give relief. British Dictionary definitions for sal volatile Expand another name for ammonium carbonate 2. Also called spirits of ammonia, (archaic) hartshorn. a solution of ammonium carbonate in alcohol and aqueous ammonia, often containing aromatic oils, used as smelling salts Word Origin C17: from New Latin: volatile salt Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for sal volatile Expand n. 1650s, Modern Latin, literally "volatile salt" (see salt (n.) + volatile ); ammonium carbonate, especially as used in reviving persons who have fainted. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper People invent new words all the time, but which ones actually make it? Word of the Day | eng_Latn | 21,885 |
Why is hydrogen peroxide stored in a dark bottle in which a trace of actanilide has been added? | Why hydrogen peroxide is stored in coloured bottles? | Why hydrogen peroxide is stored in coloured bottles? | eng_Latn | 21,886 |
In laser printing what occurs during the conditioning phase? | What cleaning phase of laser printing? | Why didn't the lizards bite zero and stanley at camp green? | eng_Latn | 21,887 |
Printer uses solid dyes embedded on different transparent films as the print head passes over each color film it heats up causing the dye to vaporize onto the glossy surface of the paper? | What printer uses solid dyes embedded on different transparent films as the print head passes over each color film it heats up causing the dye to vaporize onto the glossy surface of the paper? | What printer uses solid dyes embedded on different transparent films as the print head passes over each color film it heats up causing the dye to vaporize onto the glossy surface of the paper? | eng_Latn | 21,888 |
In addition , some color blind people find it easier to distinguish problem colors on artificial materials , such as plastic or in acrylic paints , than on natural materials , such as paper or wood . | In addition , some color blind people find it easier to tell the difference between colors on artificial materials , such as plastic or in acrylic paints , than on natural materials , such as paper or wood . | For millennia wood tar was used to waterproof sails and boats , but today sails made from inherently waterproof synthetic substances have negated the need for tar . | eng_Latn | 21,889 |
Selenium dioxide is the active ingredient in some cold-blueing solutions . | Selenium dioxide is used as a coloring in glass . | The report recommendations include : greater data collection of air and water data , `` rigorous '' air pollution standards and mandatory disclosure of chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing process . | eng_Latn | 21,890 |
Is this for aroma purposes mainly? Does it actually disperse the essential oil into the air? | The oil is placed on an absorbent pad (disc that slides out) & diffuses the scent. It does not diffuse oil like a pump diffuser, but rather uses a fan to disperse the aroma. It is quite effective in distributing the oil's scent & obviously uses a much less amount of oil than a typical diffuser. It is safer....no glass to break. I have given several as gifts to people who either can't afford to diffuse large amounts of oil or who can not/or would not take the time to fill it or clean it regularly. | I have experienced that the degree of wetness, shine or gloss appearance varies with the number of applications of this sealer. One coat appears to be "semi-wet" and increases in glossiness with the number of subsequent applications. With each order the EnduraSeal distributor furnishes a one page explanation of the application process. The distributor is also very helpful over the phone at 888-246-9614. I have used in EnduraSeal 100% solvent acrylic urethane exteriorly on a stamped concrete patio, regular sidewalks and Colorado red rock which is a form of flagstone. Interiorly, I have used it on slate tile. The application process on all of these surfaces is about the same. I strongly recommend that any application of this sealer be done with a roller (not sprayed) and that each application be thinly applied. (I have experienced the dry time to be fairly quick. The distributor's application sheet also explains how EnduraSeal may be thinned with acetone to speed dry time or xylene to increase the drying time.) Indoor applications require good ventilation. | eng_Latn | 21,891 |
Where is this item manufactured? | The handle is phenolic, according to it's description. Most likely, the lid is as well. Disappointing... looked like a nice buy. Knowing that the phenol parts (lid & handle) are made in China adds to the disappointment. Phenol and its vapors are corrosive to the eyes, the skin, and the respiratory tract... and can be very harmful to the central nervous system and heart; causing dysrhythmia, seizures, and even coma... and if that isn't enough, it can also negatively affect the kidneys and liver.Anyway... not for me. It appears that by continually heating the plastic, and exposing the elements, seems far to risky. Nice design, with the exception of the phenols. The handle is phenolic, according to it's description. Most likely, the lid is as well. Disappointing... looked like a nice buy. Knowing that the phenol parts (lid & handle) are made in China adds to the disappointment. Phenol and its vapors are corrosive to the eyes, the skin, and the respiratory tract... and can be very harmful to the central nervous system and heart; causing dysrhythmia, seizures, and even coma... and if that isn't enough, it can also negatively affect the kidneys and liver.Anyway... not for me. It appears that by continually heating the plastic,... » Read More The handle is phenolic, according to it's description. Most likely, the lid is as well. Disappointing... looked like a nice buy. Knowing that the phenol parts (lid & handle) are made in China adds to the disappointment. Phenol and its vapors are corrosive to the eyes, the skin, and the respiratory tract... and can be very harmful to the central nervous system and heart; causing dysrhythmia, seizures, and even coma... and if that isn't enough, it can also negatively affect the kidneys and liver.Anyway... not for me. It appears that by continually heating the plastic, and exposing the elements, seems far to risky. Nice design, with the exception of the phenols. « Show Less | In USA. However, it doesn't mean that their build quality is actually good. | eng_Latn | 21,892 |
Can anyone confirm whether the assorted bag of lollipops are made with rice syrup or tapioca syrup? Photos and description differ. Thank you! | This is the answer directly from Yummy Earth: "We stopped using Tapioca Syrup in 2008, so any mention of tapioca syrup on any of our bags or packaging would mean that the bag is either up to 5 years old or we have not yet updated the packaging via a reprint, but please know that we are removing the mention of Tapioca Syrup on all reprints of our packaging as we do reprint them from time to time because we do not use this ingredient." In addition, effort is made to use the best available rice syrup: "Organic Brown Rice Syrup - Is it safe? Some brown rice syrup is sadly sourced from areas where previous crops such as cotton have grown that are highly absorbent of arsenic in the soil. This occurs in the southeastern part of the US as well as other places. We do not source from these places and have no idea why any food company would. We test for lead and arsenic and other potential contaminants and have done so since we began making YummyEarth items over 7 years ago when we invented our lollipop recipe for our family." | The country of origin is China. But that isn't so important, the quality of the silicone is. We use 100% pure food-grade silicone, 100% BPA-free and do not use any fillers. Cheaper brands often use plastic fillers. Fillers can compromise the quality and durability of silicone. You can test this yourself by doing the "pinch and twist" test. Just twist a bit of the silicone, if it turns whitish, it's got plastic fillers. Pure silicone will retain its color. Hope this helps. -Suzanne | eng_Latn | 21,893 |
Can we use resin after we make a mold with this product? | Yes, you can. I have done it several times with highly detailed pieces, and they turned out wonderfully! The resin just popped right out with no problem/residue left, so I was able to use the same mold multiple times. | If you do A LOT of etching, you might want to go ahead and get an extra container. I am on my second container, but do a lot of etching. | eng_Latn | 21,894 |
Preparation of carboxymethyl starch with high degree of substitution and low viscosity in aqueous media | Carboxymethyl starch(CMS)is a kind of anion starch ether, which is widely used in many fields such as pharmaceutical, food, textile, oil drilling industry and so on. In this article, high DS and low viscosity carboxymethyl starch was prepared in aqueous media through the reaction between corn starch with acid treatment and etherifying agent, the effect of acid treatment time, liquor/material ratio, the amount of sodium hydroxide, the amount of monochloroacetic acid, etherification time, and reaction temperature on the carboxymethylation process was discussed. It shows that DS increases through prolonging the acid treatment time but without adding additional reactant agents, but the duration of acid treatment should be in a proper range. The effect of other factors on the DS was also obtained, which laid good foundation for further optimizing process conditions. | This paper discusses a mixed parameterization modeling method in a speaker independent Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system for Polish keywords. The goal of this project is to improve the recognition quality in Polish commands and instructions recognition system based on mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) modeling. In this project we studied the recognition quality using a mixed speech modeling consisting of MFCC and prosodic parameters. We experimentally showed that the mixed modeling yields better recognition quality than a simple MFCC modeling. | eng_Latn | 21,895 |
Detecting Code-Switching between Turkish-English Language Pair | Challenges of Computational Processing of Code-Switching | Bioinspired Design and Assembly of Layered Double Hydroxide/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Film with High Mechanical Performance | eng_Latn | 21,896 |
Influence of High-Temperature Annealing on the Resistance to High Strain Rate and Fracture of Tantalum at Temperatures of 20 and 500°C | Two series of shock-wave experiments have been conducted in order to measure the Hugoniot elastic limit and determine the strain rate dependence of critical fracture stress for tantalum experiencing spall fracture. Tantalum specimens have been preannealed in vacuum at 1000°C. The evolution of elastoplastic compression shock waves at room and elevated up to 500°C temperatures has been presented from complete wave profiles recorded by a VISAR laser Doppler velocimeter. The spall strength dependence on the strain rate during the expansion of the material in a rarefaction wave has been determined. | A large number of industrial waste residues will be generated in the production of phenol. The serious environmental pollution will be caused when the waste is discharged into the natural environment. The modified phenolic resin and room temperature quick drying phenolic antirust paint were made by waste residue in order to solve pollution. The technologies of the modified phenolic resin and phenolic antirust paint were studied. The principle of polymerization was described. Polymerization temperature, acid value and mixed metal oxides level were studied. The best comprehensive properties of the phenolic antirust paint were showed when polymerization temperature was 220～230 ℃, the polymerization time was 6～8 hours and dosage of mixed metal oxides was 0.6 % | eng_Latn | 21,897 |
What is the ideal plastic fluid? | What is an ideal plastic fluid? | How we can learn sap UI5/sap Fiori? Which is the best? | eng_Latn | 21,898 |
Make an Electrophoresis Gel | Electrophoresis is the term used for the study of the way charged particles move through a medium when subjected to an electrical field. The particles will travel through the gel at different speeds, depending on the charge carried by the particle and the size of the particle that must push through the somewhat restrictive medium. | Did you run out of glitter glue for your project? Or were you unable to find the color you needed? Whatever your predicament is, you can always make your own glitter glue. | deu_Latn | 21,899 |
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