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HBPR: History Based Prediction for Routing in Infrastructure-less Opportunistic Networks | HiBOp:aHistory BasedRouting Protocol forOpportunistic Networks | The MITC3+ shell element in geometric nonlinear analysis | eng_Latn | 24,100 |
Performance study of Voice in Wireless Mesh Network | A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols | From the Service-Oriented Architecture to the Web API Economy | eng_Latn | 24,101 |
Bandwidth-Efficient Multipath Transport Protocol for Quality-Guaranteed Real-Time Video Over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks | Multipath TCP: analysis, design, and implementation | Domain Adaptation for Visual Applications: A Comprehensive Survey | eng_Latn | 24,102 |
Time-aware preemption to enhance the performance of Audio/Video Bridging (AVB) in IEEE 802.1 TSN | Extending IEEE 802.1 AVB with time-triggered scheduling: A simulation study of the coexistence of synchronous and asynchronous traffic | What the World's religions teach, applied to vaccines and immune globulins | eng_Latn | 24,103 |
Prototyping a Wireless Sensor Node using FPGA for Mines Safety Application | A transmission control scheme for media access in sensor networks | enterprise software system integration : an architectural perspective . | eng_Latn | 24,104 |
a novel caching scheme for improving internet - based mobile ad hoc networks performance . | Caching strategies in on-demand routing protocols for wireless ad hoc networks | Scenario-based performance analysis of routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks | eng_Latn | 24,105 |
muMQ: A lightweight and scalable MQTT broker | Rekindling network protocol innovation with user-level stacks | Comparative study of background subtraction algorithms | eng_Latn | 24,106 |
Toward understanding characteristics of dedicated short range communications (DSRC) from a perspective of vehicular network engineers | Understanding packet delivery performance in dense wireless sensor networks | Identifying some important success factors in adopting agile software development practices | eng_Latn | 24,107 |
An Innovative Osmotic Computing Framework for Self Adapting City Traffic in Autonomous Vehicle Environment | PROUD—Public Road Urban Driverless-Car Test | Intelligent Wireless Ad Hoc Routing Protocol and Controller for UAV Networks | eng_Latn | 24,108 |
Mesh networks: commodity multihop ad hoc networks | Routing in multi-radio, multi-hop wireless mesh networks | Hop-reservation multiple access (HRMA) for ad-hoc networks | eng_Latn | 24,109 |
An Explicit Adaptive Traffic Balancing Algorithm in Wimax | Load-balancing routing for wireless access networks | A pragmatic approach to managing enterprise IT infrastructures in the era of consumerization and individualization of IT | eng_Latn | 24,110 |
BLOOGO: BLOOm filter based GOssip algorithm for wireless NDN | MaxProp: Routing for Vehicle-Based Disruption-Tolerant Networks | An Alternative Proof of The Schwartz-Zippel Lemma. | eng_Latn | 24,111 |
Survey on UAANET Routing Protocols and Network Security Challenges | Mobility prediction clustering algorithm for UAV networking | Comparison of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes from the mouse and human genomes, including nomenclature recommendations for genes, pseudogenes and alternative-splice variants. | eng_Latn | 24,112 |
what is ip routing enabled | IP Routing is an umbrella term for the set of protocols that determine the path that data follows in order to travel across multiple networks from its source to its destination. Data is routed from its source to its destination through a series of routers, and across multiple networks. | While the IGMP protocol provides some limited ability to create or extend multicast-enabled IP internetworks, it is not the equivalent of a multicast routing protocol, such as DVMRP or PIM.Do not use the Windows 2000 IGMP routing protocol to create a multicast-enabled IP internetwork of an arbitrary size or topology.ecause there are no multicast routing protocols provided with Windows 2000, the maintenance of entries in the IP multicast forwarding table is a function of IGMP, a component that is added as an IP routing protocol. | eng_Latn | 24,113 |
what is intelligent routing | Intelligent Routing. This guide demonstrates how to use various traffic management capabilities of an Istio service mesh. Overview | If they are effective at this task then the call center and callers will be rewarded with the benefits of the Intelligent Call Routing.-- Matt Simmons is a Software Engineer for Vision Point Systems. Matt is a Genesys Certified Professional for Inbound Voice Routing. | eng_Latn | 24,114 |
How to force windows to use IPv4 Ethernet connection So I was wondering why windows is prefering my crappy wifi connection over my ethernet and it had nothing to do with interface metric. It turns out that my ethernet doesn't support IPv6 but my Wifi does, therefore windows deemed it the right network to use. However, even if wifi supports IPv6 it still sucks, can I force windows to prefer the ethernet connection and only use the wifi connection when IPv6 is needed? Again, I tried messing with the interface metric but it doesn't work because windows still prefers the one with the IPv6 connection despite the ethernet (no IPv6) having a lower metric. I knew this because once I turned off IPv6 for my Wifi, Windows prefers my ethernet connection. So in summary, or tldr: Wifi sucks, but supports both IP versions, Windows like this Ethernet blazing fast, but doesn't support IPv6, Windows does not prefer this How to force windows to use ethernet and only Wifi when IPv6 comes to play? (interface metric doesn't work) | IPv4 vs IPv6 priority in Windows 7 I have IPv6 connectivity through Hurricane Electric tunnel. Since IPv6 day this year, many services (google.com, facebook.com, etc.) enabled IPv6 on their main domains. On my Windows machine, IPv6 is preferred over IPv4. This means that whenever I visit Google, all traffic goes through my tunnel to Hurricane Electric, which raises the latency by more than 100%: C:\> ping www.google.com Pinging www.l.google.com [2001:4860:8005::68] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 2001:4860:8005::68: time=85ms Reply from 2001:4860:8005::68: time=84ms Reply from 2001:4860:8005::68: time=112ms Reply from 2001:4860:8005::68: time=86ms Ping statistics for 2001:4860:8005::68: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 84ms, Maximum = 112ms, Average = 91ms C:\> ping -4 www.google.com Pinging www.l.google.com [173.194.79.103] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 173.194.79.103: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=48 Reply from 173.194.79.103: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=48 Reply from 173.194.79.103: bytes=32 time=55ms TTL=46 Reply from 173.194.79.103: bytes=32 time=29ms TTL=46 Ping statistics for 173.194.79.103: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 28ms, Maximum = 55ms, Average = 35ms Question: How can I make Windows 7 to always prefer IPv4, when both IPv4 and IPv6 records are available for a specific domain name? | How can I speed up data transfer between local computers on a WiFi network? I have a router with ADSL Pentagram Cerberus 6331-42. Is it normal to have transfer speeds between two computers of max 1MB/s (not 1 Mbit)? How can I set my router up to make it faster at transferring data in my local WiFi network? I have a PC and a laptop. Both are running Windows 7. I don't use a firewall. I've set the network area up correctly; I can see other computers. Is it possible to make the router faster by changing its values? I don't use secure encryption such as WPA or WEP; only MAC filtering. My values in Interface Setup > Wireless are: Here are my thoughts after few years I've published this topic: use 5Ghz bandwidth if possible use range extender if Your router is too far try wifi analyzer app for mobile phone to check what channel is the less used | eng_Latn | 24,115 |
Choose Radishes | Radishes are an excellent addition to salads that provide a touch of heat, spiciness and crunch. When selecting them, it is useful to know a few things about getting the best quality for your money. | This wikiHow teaches you how to research and decide on a model and type of wireless router. | eng_Latn | 24,116 |
Configure Routing Information Protocol (RIP) | RIP, or routing information protocol, is the fastest and perhaps easiest way to configure a router. The basic idea behind RIP is that you are entering internet protocols (IPs) manually which are connected to the router ports. | This wikiHow teaches how to change the options that appear on the VoiceOver Rotor - an Accessibility feature on iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch for the visually impaired - so that you can choose the exact option you need at any time. | eng_Latn | 24,117 |
I was thinking about solar energy in partnership with geo thermal. | I researched that when I lived in campbell co.\n\nthe usable solar exposier was real low.... something like 30-35% | Check out http://www.mikrotik.com/ they have some nice outdoor access points and also some with two wireless cards so you can do repeating also.\n\nFor the clients I would suggest http://www.tranzeo.com\nThey have some kick but wireless radios.\nI have personally used the TR-CPQ-19f for site surveys and they work really well. | eng_Latn | 24,118 |
what is rip version for netgear | Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a protocol that routers can use to exchange network topology information. It is characterized as an interior gateway protocol, and is typically used in small to medium-sized networks. A router running RIP sends the contents of its routing table to each of its adjacent routers every 30 seconds. When a route is removed from the routing table, it is flagged as unusable by the receiving routers after 180 seconds, and removed from their tables after an additional 120 seconds. | Routing Information Protocol (RIP). One of the most widely used interior gateway protocols is the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). RIP is an implementation of a distance-vector, or Bellman-Ford, routing protocol for local networks.It classifies routers as active and passive (silent).outing Information Protocol (RIP). One of the most widely used interior gateway protocols is the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). RIP is an implementation of a distance-vector, or Bellman-Ford, routing protocol for local networks. | eng_Latn | 24,119 |
what routing protocols use a numbered autonomous system id | As noted previously, BGP is an interautonomous system routing protocol. When BGP is used between autonomous systems (AS), the protocol is referred to as external BGP (eBGP). If a service provider is using BGP to exchange routes within an AS, then the protocol is referred to as interior BGP (iBGP). | OSPF is hierarchical routing protocol, using area 0 (Autonomous System) at the top of the hierarchy. OSPF uses Link State Algorithm, and an OSPF network diameter can be much larger than that of RIP. | eng_Latn | 24,120 |
Security Enhancements for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Trust Management Using Uncertain Reasoning | Mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks | An Inference Approach to Basic Level of Categorization | eng_Latn | 24,121 |
Toward a theory of in-network computation in wireless sensor networks | Gossip algorithms: design, analysis and applications | An adaptive query execution system for data integration | eng_Latn | 24,122 |
PSWare: A publish / subscribe middleware supporting composite event in wireless sensor network | Geographical and energy aware routing: A recursive data dissemination protocol for wireless sensor networks | Detecting DDoS attacks with Hadoop | eng_Latn | 24,123 |
Scalable Approximate Query Tracking over Highly Distributed Data Streams | Eigentaste: A Constant Time Collaborative Filtering Algorithm | A randomized, efficient, and distributed protocol for the detection of node replication attacks in wireless sensor networks | eng_Latn | 24,124 |
/ Subscribe Network Designs for Multiplayer Games ( Experimentation and Deployment Paper ) | Location-based Publish/Subscribe | the jedi event - based infrastructure and its application to the development of the opss wfms . | eng_Latn | 24,125 |
Introduction of the automated assessment of homework assignments in a university-level programming course | Automatic programming assessment and test data generation a review on its approaches | A Multihop Peer-Communication Protocol With Fairness Guarantee for IEEE 802.16-Based Vehicular Networks | eng_Latn | 24,126 |
A Robust and Scalable Peer-to-Peer Gossiping Protocol | Chord: a scalable peer-to-peer lookup protocol for internet applications | repeated - sprint ability - part ii : recommendations for training . | eng_Latn | 24,127 |
BloomStore: Bloom-Filter based memory-efficient key-value store for indexing of data deduplication on flash | Avoiding the disk bottleneck in the data domain deduplication file system | Ant colony optimization based enhanced dynamic source routing algorithm for mobile Ad-hoc network | eng_Latn | 24,128 |
Secure routing in wireless sensor networks: attacks and countermeasures | The Resurrecting Duckling: Security Issues for Ad-hoc Wireless Networks | Theory of planning behavior (TPB) and customer satisfaction in the continued use of e-service: An integrated model | eng_Latn | 24,129 |
Bloom Filter for Fixed-Size Beacon in VANET | Space/time trade-offs in hash coding with allowable errors | SAND: Towards High-Performance Serverless Computing. | eng_Latn | 24,130 |
TSRF: A Trust-Aware Secure Routing Framework in Wireless Sensor Networks | GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks | Converting PDF to HTML approach based on text detection | eng_Latn | 24,131 |
Intrusion Detection in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks | Investigating the energy consumption of a wireless network interface in an ad hoc networking environment | DialogWAE: Multimodal Response Generation with Conditional Wasserstein Auto-Encoder | kor_Hang | 24,132 |
A Literature Review of Security Attack in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks | Wormhole attacks in wireless networks | Selecting the Top-Quality Item Through Crowd Scoring | kor_Hang | 24,133 |
a novel caching scheme for improving internet - based mobile ad hoc networks performance . | Cache invalidation strategies for internet-based mobile ad hoc networks | Breaching Confidentiality with Adolescent Clients: A Survey of Australian Psychologists about the Considerations that Influence Their Decisions | eng_Latn | 24,134 |
Dynamic path selection in 5G multi-RAT wireless networks | Flow Monitoring Explained: From Packet Capture to Data Analysis With NetFlow and IPFIX | Network Innovation using OpenFlow: A Survey | eng_Latn | 24,135 |
A macroscope in the redwoods | An analysis of a large scale habitat monitoring application | A modular approach to the design and analysis of authentication and key exchange protocols (extended abstract) | eng_Latn | 24,136 |
VANET Modeling and Clustering Design Under Practical Traffic, Channel and Mobility Conditions | Vehicular Networking: A Survey and Tutorial on Requirements, Architectures, Challenges, Standards and Solutions | A Developer’s Guide to the Semantic Web | eng_Latn | 24,137 |
An efficient protocol for authenticated and secure message delivery in vehicular ad hoc networks | Flooding-resilient broadcast authentication for VANETs | pedestrain detection from motion . | eng_Latn | 24,138 |
Optimized GAF protocol based sleep/awake protocol for WSN to improve Network Lifetime | Geographical and energy aware routing: A recursive data dissemination protocol for wireless sensor networks | A Novel Pipeline Approach for Efficient Big Data Broadcasting | eng_Latn | 24,139 |
Insight and reduction of MapReduce stragglers in heterogeneous environment | Tarazu: optimizing MapReduce on heterogeneous clusters | control spoof detection and prevention algorithm ( mac sdp dos ) for spoofing attacks in wlan . | eng_Latn | 24,140 |
Evolution and future directions of the ad hoc on-demand distance-vector routing protocol | neighbor discovery for ip version 6 ( ipv6 ) . | Eval all, trust a few, do wrong to none: Comparing sentence generation models | eng_Latn | 24,141 |
A Mechanism for Detecting and Identifying DoS attack in VANET | An efficient protocol for authenticated and secure message delivery in vehicular ad hoc networks | Cardiac Excitation–Contraction Coupling | eng_Latn | 24,142 |
A Survey On Unicast Routing Protocols For VANET | MaxProp: Routing for Vehicle-Based Disruption-Tolerant Networks | An Overview and Empirical Comparison of Distance Metric Learning Methods | kor_Hang | 24,143 |
Securing routing table update in AODV routing protocol | Simulation and Comparison of AODV and DSR routing protocols in MANETs | AuthFlow: authentication and access control mechanism for software defined networking | eng_Latn | 24,144 |
AODVSEC: A Novel Approach to Secure Ad Hoc on-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing Protocol from Insider Attacks in MANETs | A secure routing protocol for ad hoc networks | Applied cryptography : protocols, algorithms, and source codein C | kor_Hang | 24,145 |
Asymptotically optimal energy-aware routing for multihop wireless networks with renewable energy sources | The capacity of wireless networks | Real-time DDoS attack detection for Cisco IOS using NetFlow | eng_Latn | 24,146 |
A Study of the RPL Repair Process Using ContikiRPL | transmission of ipv6 packets over ieee 802 . 15 . 4 networks . | neighbor discovery for ip version 6 ( ipv6 ) . | kor_Hang | 24,147 |
Security Analysis of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs): A Comprehensive Study | Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) - An Overview and Challenges | Recommending Investors for Crowdfunding Projects | kor_Hang | 24,148 |
A survey of security issues in wireless sensor networks | Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey | Texture features for browsing and retrieval of image data | eng_Latn | 24,149 |
security in wireless ad - hoc networks - a survey . | Wormhole attacks in wireless networks | Providing robust and ubiquitous security support for mobile ad-hoc networks | eng_Latn | 24,150 |
Internetworking tactical MANETs | CONNECTINGOSPFMANET TO LARGERNETWORKS | network mobility ( nemo ) basic support protocol . | eng_Latn | 24,151 |
APTEEN: A Hybrid Protocol for Efficient Routing and Comprehensive Information Retrieval in Wireless Sensor Networks | Towards Sensor Database Systems | The Impact of Network Topologies on the Performance of the In-Vehicle Network | kor_Hang | 24,152 |
GrapH: Traffic-Aware Graph Processing | Towards predictable datacenter networks | Software Defined Radio Implementation of a QPSK Modulator/Demodulator in an Extensive Hardware Platform Based on FPGAs Xilinx ZYNQ | kor_Hang | 24,153 |
Geographical Routing with Location Service in Intermittently Connected MANETs | A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research | Applied cryptography : protocols, algorithms, and source codein C | eng_Latn | 24,154 |
A Secure Group Key Management Scheme for Hierarchical Mobile Ad-hoc Networks | A survey of energy efficient network protocols for wireless networks | Dumbbell DGS based broadband RF choke for UWB LNA | eng_Latn | 24,155 |
Security in wireless sensor networks | Denial of Service in Sensor Networks | Building Consistent Transactions with Inconsistent Replication | eng_Latn | 24,156 |
information management in vehicular ad hoc networks : a review . | a tutorial survey on vehicular ad hoc networks . | Preliminary comparison of techniques for dealing with imbalance in software defect prediction | eng_Latn | 24,157 |
Optimal Configuration for Urban VANETs Routing using Particle Swarm Optimization | A comprehensive survey on vehicular Ad Hoc network | the " shoulds " and " should nots " of moral emotions : a self - regulatory perspective on shame and guilt . | eng_Latn | 24,158 |
Reliable privacy-preserving communications for wireless ad hoc networks | Trading structure for randomness in wireless opportunistic routing | factors influencing consumer buying behaviour of luxury branded goods khor eng . | eng_Latn | 24,159 |
A Comparative Study on Two Typical Schemes for Securing Spatial-Temporal Top-k Queries in Two-Tiered Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks | A Survey on Mobile Edge Computing: The Communication Perspective | PHAT: a transmembrane-specific substitution matrix. Predicted hydrophobic and transmembrane. | eng_Latn | 24,160 |
Describing Videos using Multi-modal Fusion | Describing Videos by Exploiting Temporal Structure | A randomized, efficient, and distributed protocol for the detection of node replication attacks in wireless sensor networks | eng_Latn | 24,161 |
what is bgp support | The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is one of a family of IP Routing protocols, and is an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) designed to distribute routing information between ASs. EGPs are all vector routing protocols. In a vectoring protocol like BGP, the routers exchange network reachability information with their nearest neighbors. | Border Gateway Protocol. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. The protocol is often classified as a path vector protocol but is sometimes also classed as a distance-vector routing protocol. | eng_Latn | 24,162 |
what protocol is snmp | Simple Network Management Protocol. The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application layer protocol that facilitates the exchange of management information between network devices. It is part of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol suite. SNMP enables network administrators to manage network performance, find and solve network problems, and plan for network growth. | SNMP has become the de facto standard for use in network management solutions and is tightly connected with remote monitoring (RMON) and Management Information Bases (MIB). Each managed device in the network has several variables that quantify the state of the device. | eng_Latn | 24,163 |
what is bgp | Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. The protocol is often classified as a path vector protocol but is sometimes also classed as a distance-vector routing protocol.The Border Gateway Protocol makes routing decisions based on paths, network policies, or rule-sets configured by a network administrator and is involved in making core routing decisions. BGP router used only for a network with a single point of entry to the Internet may have a much smaller routing table size (and hence RAM and CPU requirement) than a multihomed network. Even simple multihoming can have modest routing table size. | The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is one of a family of IP Routing protocols, and is an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) designed to distribute routing information between ASs. EGPs are all vector routing protocols. In a vectoring protocol like BGP, the routers exchange network reachability information with their nearest neighbors. | eng_Latn | 24,164 |
meaning of path vector protocol | path vector protocol. A routing protocol, sometimes known as a policy routing protocol, that is used to span different autonomous systems. EGP and BGP are examples. The routing table maintains the autonomous systems that are traversed in order to reach the destination system. Contrast with distance vector protocol and link state protocol. See autonomous system, routing protocol, EGP and BGP. | Border Gateway Protocol. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet.[1] The protocol is often classified as a path vector protocol but is sometimes also classed as a distance-vector routing protocol[citation needed]. | eng_Latn | 24,165 |
what is a routing protocol | A Request message allows a newly-started router to rapidly query all of its neighbors' routing tables. The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is one of a family of IP Routing protocols, and is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) designed to distribute routing information within an Autonomous System (AS). | IP Routing is an umbrella term for the set of protocols that determine the path that data follows in order to travel across multiple networks from its source to its destination. Data is routed from its source to its destination through a series of routers, and across multiple networks. | eng_Latn | 24,166 |
what do dynamic routing protocols do | Dynamic Routing Protocol Operation All routing protocols have the same purpose: to learn about remote networks and to quicklyadapt whenever there is a change in the topology. The method that a routing protocol uses toaccomplish this depends on the algorithm it uses and the operational characteristics of thatprotocol.n most networks, a singledynamic routing protocol is used; however, there are cases where different parts of the net-work can use different routing protocols.Since the early 1980s, several different dynamic routing protocols have emerged. | Examples of routed protocols are IP and IPX, and examples of routing protocfols are RIP and IGRP. As far as the CCNA exam goes, there are three types of routing: static, dynamic, and default. 1 Static routes-are fixed routes that are manually entered by the administrator into the router's configuration. | eng_Latn | 24,167 |
what are the features of a simple network | Simple Network Management Protocol is an Internet Standard protocol for collecting and organizing information about managed devices on IP networks and for modifying that information to change device behavior. Devices that typically support SNMP include cable modems, routers, switches, servers, workstations, printers, and more. SNMP is widely used in network management for network monitoring. SNMP exposes management data in the form of variables on the managed systems organized in a management in | Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a protocol-based network management system. It is used to manage TCP/IP-based and IPX-based networks.Information on SNMP can be found in the Internet Request for Comment (RFC) 1157. Microsoft provides an SNMP agent, or client, for Windows NT and Windows 95.imple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a protocol-based network management system. It is used to manage TCP/IP-based and IPX-based networks. | eng_Latn | 24,168 |
what is the routed protocol | Routed Protocols. A Routed Protocol is a network protocol which can be used to send the user data from one network to another network. Routed Protocol carries user traffic such as e-mails, file transfers, web traffic etc. | Hot Standby Router Protocol. In computer networking, the Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) is a Cisco proprietary redundancy protocol for establishing a fault-tolerant default gateway. Version 1 of the protocol was described in RFC 2281. There is no RFC for version 2 of the protocol. | eng_Latn | 24,169 |
what is rstp | The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1W standard is available to address the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) convergence time gap issue. Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) enables STP Root Ports and STP Designated Ports to change from the blocking to forwarding port state in a few seconds. | Both RSTP and PVST are variants of the spanning tree protocol. Spanning tree protocol is unique to computers. As a network protocol, it ensures a loop-free topology and prevents bridge loops and ensuing broadcast radiation. | eng_Latn | 24,170 |
How to track traffic flows to each IP on home network? | How to monitor bandwidth use of each device on wifi network | Direct proof that nilpotent matrix has zero trace | eng_Latn | 24,171 |
An efficient IP address lookup algorithm based on a small balanced tree using entry reduction | Fast address lookups using controlled prefix expansion | Object hallmarks: identifying object users using wearable wrist sensors | eng_Latn | 24,172 |
the network toolkit cace technologies | CACE also provides support, training, and development for two of the most popular and highly acclaimed open-source networking tools: WinPcap and Wireshark. All of CACEâ products are fully integrated with Wireshark and are designed to enhance the Wireshark user experience. | KisMAC is a wireless network discovery hacking tool. Eventhough the codebase is different, this popular wireless stumbler provides several of the features of its namesake Kismet. This tool offers a beautiful GUI and was around even before Kismet was ported to MAC OX X. It also offers mapping, looging and Pcap-format import. | eng_Latn | 24,173 |
Asthma is a complex, multifactorial, and inflammatory chronic condition, and many children who are diagnosed with asthma integrate complementary therapies into their overall care. Due to the chronic nature of asthma, potentially negative side effects of long-term use of allopathic medications, and desire for natural approaches, patients and their families turn toward complementary therapies. Up to 89% of parents use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to treat their child's asthma. This article reviews the current evidence on the most commonly used complementary therapies for pediatric asthma. | Pediatric integrative medicine is an emerging field which, to date, has not been described in detail in academic medical centers in the United States. Early research of pediatric integrative medicine modalities shows promise for the treatment of common pediatric conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, acute and chronic pain, headache, and allergy, among others. In light of the growing prevalence of pediatric illnesses and patient complexity, it is crucial to emphasize the patient's overall well-being. As academic centers around the world start to develop pediatric integrative medicine programs, the aim of this manuscript is to briefly highlight evidence of effective integrative treatments in pediatric subspecialties, to describe the establishment of our integrative medicine program, to summarize its early efforts, and to discuss potential barriers and keys to success. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,174 |
ISSUES ::: Second-hand smoke presents a health risk for a large group of entirely helpless nonsmokers: unborn children. Reliable data on women continuing to smoke during pregnancy are essential for effective preventive and interventional programs. The aim of this review is therefore to identify this risk group compared with spontaneous quitters of smoking. ::: ::: ::: APPROACH ::: This systematic literature review is based solely on empirical original papers derived from samples of pregnant women smoking at the beginning of pregnancy. In accordance with the QUOROM Statement all population or clinic-based samples were included. Collectives from intervention studies were not included. All studies were from developed nations and published between January 1997 and March 2008. ::: ::: ::: KEY FINDINGS ::: A total of 19 studies were identified. The rate of quitters was between 4.0% and 69.7% for population-based studies, and 26.5% and 47.0% for clinic-based studies. A smoking partner, a large number of children, a high rate of tobacco consumption, as well as deficiencies in prenatal care were predictors of smoking during pregnancy. ::: ::: ::: IMPLICATIONS ::: This study identifies risk factors and correlates and indicates common obstacles for women to quit smoking during pregnancy. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: The risk groups that can be defined based on our results are a key target population for preventive measures. | This work was supported by Cancer Research UK (CR-UK), (grant number C1345/A5809), and by a Society for the Study of Addiction (SSA) Fellowship. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,175 |
We present a case of a 64-year-old female presenting with hemoptysis and an ultimate diagnosis of ascending aortopulmonary fistula 40 years after an atrial septal defect repair. A literature review of this rare complication of ascending aortic cannulation includes the pathogenesis and etiology of this rare diagnosis. Aortobronchopulmonary fistula is a rare diagnosis with grave consequences if not treated urgently. We present a case of such diagnosis that was treated with a good outcome. | We present a case of a 23-year-old man with Shone’s complex, including bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta status post neonatal repair and subsequent stent placement, mitral valve stenosis status post valve repair, and eventual replacement 1 year before the current presentation. A noncontrast thoracic computed tomography scan was performed after his mitral valve replacement to investigate a persistent pleural effusion. The scan revealed an unusual area of high and low attenuation within the proximal pulmonary arterial system, and a contrast-enhanced computed tomography study was recommended for additional evaluation. However, given that the patient was asymptomatic with unremarkable physical examination, follow-up study was not performed until ≈1 year later when he was noted with a new continuous murmur on physical examination and an echocardiogram revealed continuous flow arising from the distal ascending aorta into the pulmonary artery on two-dimensional color Doppler (Figures 1A … | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,176 |
Intraoperative awareness is a dreaded complication that leads to psychological sequelae such as posttraumatic stress disorder, especially in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This study investigated the incidence of awareness among patients receiving cardiac surgery and sought to identify the risk factors contributing to intraoperative awareness. Patients with informed consent undergoing cardiac surgery from June to September in 2012 were enrolled. At least one structured interview was performed postoperatively with the modified Brice Interview Questionnaire to identify intraoperative awareness as confirmed awareness, possible awareness, and no awareness. Confirmed awareness events reported by patients were classified into different categories with the Michigan Awareness Classification Instrument. The questionnaire results were combined with the patient medical records. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors that may have led to intraoperative awareness. An estimated 2136 patients were included, and 1874 patients completed at least one interview. 83 patients (4.4 %) were identified as possible or confirmed awareness, among which 46 (2.5 %) reported confirmed awareness. Patients who experienced confirmed awareness were mostly of Class 1 and 2, 15 and 24 patients respectively, which represented isolated auditory and tactile perceptions. And 11 patients reported feelings of distress intraoperatively. Hyperlipidemia was associated with intraoperative awareness (OR = 0.499, 95 % CI = 0.252–0.989, p = 0.043) and using chi-square test, however, no significance was found with logistic regression. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at high risk for intraoperative awareness. Distress is a common feeling in patients with intraoperative awareness. Hyperlipidemia is a potential protective factor for intraoperative awareness in cardiac surgery. | Summary ::: ::: Thirty patients scheduled for elective cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were interviewed pre-operatively and postoperatively to assess changes in their emotional state and recollections, both aware and unaware, of intra-operative events. A random selection of patients heard a prerecorded audio tape towards the end of bypass after they were rewarmed to 37°C. The tape contained suggestions for patients to touch their chin during the postoperative interview, to remember three sentences and to recover quickly. The interviewers were blind to the experimental condition. The experimental group touched their chins significantly more often than the control group (p = 0.015). Sentence recognition did not reach significance and this may be due to the small numbers and low salience of the stimuli. Seven patients (23%) recalled intra-operative events, five with the aid of hypnosis. Three reports (10%) were corroborated. Pre-operative medication (p < 0.01) and postoperative anxiety (p < 0.05) were significant predictors of those patients who reported recall. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,177 |
The purpose of this study was to establish construct validation of a flexible sigmoidoscopy simulator by comparing training-level grouped subjects. These included clerical staff (n = 10), residents (n = 19), and experts (n = 5). Each participant performed 3 scopes. The ANOVA group-based results for trainer-measured variables are shown in Table 1. These results demonstrate that the flexible sigmoidoscopy simulator distinguished the trained from the untrained and the resident from the expert. Although there was no statistically significant differences between the senior residents and the experts, the expert commonly outperformed the residents. Establishing the transferability of simulator training to real life is next. If the tranfer of skill can be established, it may give rise to a new skills training approach. | Simulator-based gastrointestinal endoscopy training has gained acceptance over the last decades and has been extensively studied. Several types of simulators have been validated and it has been demonstrated that the use of simulators in the early training setting accelerates the learning curve in acquiring basic skills. Current GI endoscopy simulators lack the degree of realism that would be necessary to provide training to achieve full competency or to be applicable in certification. Virtual Reality and mechanical simulators are commonly used in basic flexible endoscopy training, whereas ex vivo and in vivo models are used in training the most advanced endoscopic procedures. Validated models for the training of more routine therapeutic interventions like polypectomy, EMR, stenting and haemostasis are lacking or scarce and developments in these areas should be encouraged. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,178 |
OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a self-efficacy measure of diabetes self-management, the Lifestyle Self-Efficacy Scale for Latinos with Diabetes (LSESLD), designed for low-income, Spanish-speaking Latinos with diabetes. DESIGN: Quantitative and qualitative methods. SETTING: Community health centers in central and western Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS: Low-income Latinos (N = 252) enrolled in a randomized diabetes self-management intervention trial. MEASURES: Construct validity, internal consistency, sensitivity to change over time. RESULTS: The LSESLD demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .85), reasonable construct validity (moderate, significant associations between the LSESLD and validated measures of diabetes knowledge, dietary intake, physical activity, blood glucose self-monitoring, and HbA1c values), and sensitivity to intervention-related changes over time. CONCLUSION: The LSESLD is a reliable and valid research instrument assessing self-efficacy related to diabetes self-management among low-income, Spanish-speaking populations. | Specific Aim ::: Although the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has made significant organizational changes to improve diabetes care, diabetes self-management has received limited attention. The purpose of this study is to assess factors influencing diabetes self-management among veterans with poorly controlled diabetes. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,179 |
PurposeTo determine the accuracy of a Bayesian learning scheme (Bayes’) applied to the prediction of clinical decisions made by specialist optometrists in relation to the referral refinement of chronic open angle glaucoma.MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study involved collection of data from the worst affected or right eyes of a consecutive sample of cases (n = 1,006) referred into the West Kent Clinical Commissioning Group Community Ophthalmology Team (COT) by high street optometrists. Multilevel classification of each case was based on race, sex, age, family history of chronic open angle glaucoma, reason for referral, Goldmann Applanation Tonometry (intraocular pressure and interocular asymmetry), optic nerve head assessment (vertical size, cup disc ratio and interocular asymmetry), central corneal thickness and visual field analysis (Hodapp–Parrish–Anderson classification). Randomised stratified tenfold cross-validation was applied to determine the accuracy of Bayes’ by comparing its output to the clinical decisions of three COT specialist optometrists; namely, the decision to discharge, follow-up or refer each case.ResultsOutcomes of cross-validation, expressed as means and standard deviations, showed that the accuracy of Bayes’ was high (95%, 2.0%) but that it falsely discharged (3.4%, 1.6%) or referred (3.1%, 1.5%) some cases.ConclusionsThe results indicate that Bayes’ has the potential to augment the decisions of specialist optometrists. | This publication deals with automated perimetry. Emphasis is on technical aspects of administering the automated test with skill; as well as on interpretation of the result based on an understanding of the text. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,180 |
Traditional manual instruments for total knee arthroplasty are associated with a malalignment rate of nearly 30%. Patient-specific positioning guides, developed to help address alignment, may also influence other intraoperative factors. This study compared a consecutive series of 270 Vanguard total knee replacements performed with Signature patient-specific positioning guides (study group) to a consecutive series of 595 similar knee replacements performed with manual instrumentation (control group). The study group averaged 16.7 fewer minutes in the operating room (p < .001), utilized tibial inserts that averaged 0.4 mm thinner with a smaller proportion of "thick" tibial inserts (14-18 mm) (p < .001), and required fewer transfusions (p = .022). The Signature-derived surgical plan accurately predicted correct femoral and tibial component sizes in 86.3% and 70.3% of the cases, respectively. These rates increased to 99.3% and 99.2%, respectively, for accuracy to within one size of the surgical plan, similar to published values for manual instrumentation. | Three-dimensional (3D) printings are gaining a place in a variety of the medical sectors. With applications in urogenital diseases, 3D printing is a new tool that present difficulties at stages of imaging, planning, and carry out therapeutic interventions. In this review we tried to find answers to the questions that come to mind on this new topic by empasizing the suitable 3D printing models in urology, their clinical usage, and the limitations. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,181 |
PREVIEWYour distressed patient calls to tell you her sister was just diagnosed with stage I infiltrative ductal carcinoma of the breast. Her mother died at a young age, but accounts of the cause of death are varied. Another sister has “hyperplasia” of breast tissue. The question of genetic testing is weighing heavily on this woman's mind and heart. What should you tell her about genetic testing? Dr Elsas and Ms Trepanier offer help with this and other difficult questions associated with hereditary cancers. | This article discusses genetics-related policy issues that have an impact on health care systems, health care providers, and their patients: privacy, mass screening, family screening, and knowledge dissemination. Access, cost, and ethical implications are important discussant points for each of these genetic-related policy issues. Embedded in the issue of privacy are concerns of insurability, confidentiality, and discrimination. The public health policy implications related to mass screening programs include efficacy of the screening tests, availability of primary and secondary interventions, access, costs, and program evaluation. Policy issues for family screening are similar to mass screening, with added concerns about privacy and availability of adequate resources, including health care providers and counselors trained in genetics. Knowledge dissemination is critical to maintaining currency of clinical information and applications of genetic technologies and treatments. As genetic information expands, ... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,182 |
Wrist arthroscopy was done for one hundred nine patients with chronic wrist pain, averaging 22.8 months in duration. History regarding mechanism of injury, painful crepitus, pain with activity or at rest, localization of tenderness, visible swelling, and instability with examination was compared with arthroscopic findings of ligament damage, articular cartilage damage, and synovitis. Both pain at rest and swelling correlated significantly with synovitis. Tenderness did not correlate with specific ligament injury. Wrist ligament injuries and/or cartilage damage were noted in 96.3% of these wrists. Ligament injuries were frequently multiple, averaging 2.6 ligament injuries per wrist. No significant association was found between the presence of chondromalacia, synovitis, or specific ligament tears and the mechanism of injury, duration of symptoms, presence of clicking, or pain with activity. | The ability of single-injection radiocarpal arthrography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect full-thickness tears of the triangular fibrocartilage were compared with wrist arthroscopy in 102 patients with wrist pain. The sensitivity of arthrography was 85%, and of MRI was 73%. Specificity was 100% for arthrography and 72% for MRI. Accuracy was 92% for arthrography, and 73% for MRI. Although future advances in MRI technology will probably improve its usefulness, single-injection wrist arthrography currently is superior to routine MRI for the detection of full-thickness triangular fibrocartilage tears. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,183 |
Purpose: To report a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of an accessory lacrimal gland with orbital invasion. Methods: The clinical history and pathologic findings of a patient with a left upper eyelid lesion were reviewed. Results: The patient was evaluated and found to have an epithelial tumor arising in an accessory lacrimal gland. Special stains showed mucin production by individual tumor cells. The tumor was classified as mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Conclusions: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma may arise in accessory lacrimal glands and invade the orbit. | A 71-year-old woman, previously treated for malignant lymphoma, was admitted to our hospital with a tumor in the right breast. The tumor size was 2.0 cm in diameter, and the borderline was unclear. The core needle biopsy material revealed an invasive adenocarcinoma with metaplastic change. Right mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed. Histologically, the tumor was composed of mucus-secreting, epidermoid, and intermediate cells. These findings confirmed the diagnosis as mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the breast. MEC is more frequently observed in the salivary glands and occurs rarely in the breast, with an incidence of approximately 0.3% of all breast cancers. Because of the rarity of the disease, the clinicopathological features and clinical outcome have not been fully investigated. The relationship between MEC of the breast and lymphoma are unclear. Here we report a rare case of MEC of the breast. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,184 |
There are little data on the efficacy and safety of the Edwards Sapien valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California, USA) in congenital, bicuspid aortic valve stenosis. Patients with bicuspid valves were excluded from the randomised PARTNER trial.1 Bicuspid valves differ from tricuspid aortic valves in that the orifice is elliptical and the leaflets are typically bulky and very heavily calcified. Bicuspid valves are considered … | Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an established therapeutic option for high-risk patients with tricuspid aortic valve stenosis. Historically, the presence of a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) has been regarded as a contraindication to TAVI, on the basis of putative concerns about the associated risks of elliptical deployment, accelerated leaflet degeneration, periprosthetic leaks, and aortic complications. Fortunately, with technological refinements and mounting experience, reasonable success has been achieved with TAVI in selected patients with a BAV. The rate of procedural success is high, and survival is similar to that in patients with a tricuspid aortic valve who undergo TAVI. Nevertheless, moderate or severe aortic regurgitation and aortic dissection seem to occur more frequently in patients with a BAV rather than a tricuspid aortic valve. Specifically-designed prospective studies should address these concerns and help to define anatomical selection criteria before TAVI can be recommended for patients with a BAV. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,185 |
Many dementia subtypes have more shared signs and symptoms than defining ones. We review 8 cases with 4 overlapping syndromes and demonstrate how to distinguish the cases. These include focal cortical presentations of Alzheimer's disease (AD; posterior cortical atrophy and corticobasal syndrome [CBS]), fluent aphasia (semantic dementia and logopenic aphasia), late-onset slowly progressive dementia (hippocampal sclerosis and limbic predominant AD) and rapidly progressive dementia (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and limbic encephalitis). Recognizing the different syndromes can help the clinician to improve their diagnostic skills, leading to improved patient outcomes by early and accurate diagnosis, prompt treatment, and appropriate counseling and guidance. | Developmental science is concerned with both consistency and change in characteristics through time. Consistency and change in development are tracked by group mean-level continuity and individual-order stability. Group mean-level and individual-order consistency and change are both developmentally informative and can coexist conceptually and empirically as they are partially orthogonal perspectives on development. Continuity and stability are broadly applicable to characteristics of the individual, dyad, and environment. Without the distinctions between mean-level continuity and individual-order stability, researchers who use the terms willy-nilly leave their readers in the dark as to which feature of development is meant. In this article, we distinguish the two types of consistency and change, and discuss their measurement, importance, moderation, and implications. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,186 |
This case report features a male patient of 45 years of age presenting with a right sided moderately compressive pleural effusion, that was clearly identified as chylothorax on thoracocentesis. Sarcoidosis with systemic involvement had already been diagnosed in 1995 by a parotid gland biopsy. Thoracoscopy revealed multiple discrete nodules parietally besides a number of more extensive yellowish lesions resembling malignant lymphoma. However visualization of a thoracic duct leakage was not possible. Histologically the biopsies taken represented exclusively non-caseating sarcoidosistype granulomas. Complete and permanent remission of the chylothorax was achieved within only ten days following talcum pleurodesis, alimentary measures and induction of systemic steroid therapy. The etiological classification of this extremely rare complication appears very clear. Pathogenetic and differential therapeutic aspects are discussed against the background of a review of the literature. | Pleural sarcoidosis is no longer considered rare, as it occurs in about 3% of all cases of sarcoidosis. However, newer methods of detection may boost this level higher. High-resolution computed tomographic scanning has increased our detection of pleural nodules and pleural thickening. Other manifestations include pneumothorax, chylothorax, and hemothorax. Further studies of large numbers of patients are needed to determine the true prevalence of pleural involvement in sarcoidosis. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,187 |
Stage IIIA non–small-cell lung cancer occurs in a heterogenous group of patients for whom the best treatment is multimodality therapy with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery in a select group of individuals. This clinical review intends to answer the most common questions that clinicians face in the decision about the best management in this group. | Purpose The optimal chemotherapy regimen to use with radiotherapy in stage III non–small-cell lung cancer is unknown. Here, we compare the outcome of patents treated within the Veterans Health Administration with either etoposide-cisplatin (EP) or carboplatin-paclitaxel (CP). Methods We identified patients treated with EP and CP with concurrent radiotherapy from 2001 to 2010. Survival rates were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression models with adjustments for confounding provided by propensity score methods and an instrumental variables analysis. Comorbidities and treatment complications were identified through administrative data. Results A total of 1,842 patients were included; EP was used in 27% (n = 499). Treatment with EP was not associated with a survival advantage in a Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio [HR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.10), a propensity score matched cohort (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.24), or a propensity score adjusted model (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.10). ... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,188 |
The peritoneal dialysis system can be considered as nature’s version of a capillary kidney [1]. Peritoneal dialysis probably represents solute and fluid exchange mainly between peritoneal capillary blood and dialysis solution in the peritoneal cavity [2]. The dialysis membrane consists of the vascular wall, the interstitium, the mesothelium, and adjacent fluid films [1–5]. In this chapter, we will review the anatomy of the peritoneum and the physiology of peritoneal transport. We will also compare the peritoneal dialysis system to man-made hollow fiber dialyzers. The features of the latter have been well characterized and are very familiar to most nephrologists. Comparison of peritoneal and hollow fiber dialysis should help the reader appreciate some of the unique characteristics of the peritoneal dialysis system. | The case documented here represents the longest course of continuous-flow peritoneal dialysis (PD) reported in the literature. A 61-year-old man with hepatorenal syndrome type 1 and ascites presented with hypotension and bright red blood per rectum and was found to be in acute renal failure with severe anemia. Continuous-flow PD was initiated, and the patient improved clinically. The patient died of a jejunal bleed 8 months later, before discharge. Acute PD or continuous-flow PD is a viable alternative in the setting of hemodynamic instability and ascites, can be used as a chronic modality, and addresses many of the weaknesses of continuous ambulatory and automated PD. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,189 |
Injuries to the ankle are common in children. We investigated whether decreased dorsiflexion predisposes to such fractures and sprains. Passive dorsiflexion in children with ankle injuries was compared with that in a control group of patients with a normal ankle. The uninjured side was examined to determine flexibility in those patients with ankle injuries. In 82, the mean dorsiflexion was 5.7 degrees with the knee extended and 11.2 degrees with the knee flexed. In 85 controls, the mean dorsiflexion was 12.8 degrees with the knee extended and 21.5 degrees with the knee flexed (p < 0.001, Student's t-test). There was a strong association between decreased ankle dorsiflexion and injury in children. A flexible triceps surae appeared to absorb energy and protect the bone and ligaments, while stiffness predisposed to injury. We suggest that children with tight calf muscles should undergo a regimen of stretching exercises to improve their flexibility. | A spectrum of techniques exists to measure ankle joint dorsiflexion range of motion. However, information pertaining to the objective assessment of ankle joint dorsiflexion is controversial. Different study designs make comparisons of studies difficult which leads to measurement error. These errors can be related to the examiner, the subject, or the procedure. This author reviews the sources of measurement inaccuracies within the clinical setting and describes effective interventions used to reduce measurement error. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,190 |
Adolescent patients who lose permanent dentition through trauma require treatment that considers factors not involved in the treatment of adults. Endosseous implants and a temporary prosthesis were utilized in this case to provide optimum aesthetics in a manner that addressed the evolving dentition, growing skeletal bases, and social and psychologic needs. The learning objective of this case study is the treatment of adolescent trauma and a detailed surgical procedure. | The expanded experience with oral implants and supplementary augmentation techniques has opened new possibilities for treating patients with oligodontia or anodontia with fixed prostheses. A problem in treating such patients is the need to place implants in growing maxillae or mandibles, as many of these patients are children or adolescents. When implant treatment is postponed until the patient is full grown, dysfunctions become manifest, which necessitates extensive surgical measures to achieve a fixed prosthetic restoration. This report illustrates the problems associated with different concepts for the treatment of multiple aplasia with implants. The results are based on the findings of 22 patients with oligodontia who underwent surgical treatment and were followed over a period of 5 years. Two controversially treated cases are presented. (INT J ORAL MAXILLOFAC IMPLANTS 1999;14:417‐423) | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,191 |
Introduction ::: Twenty-five patients (19 males and six females) were included in the study based on: chronic symptoms of distal radioulnar joint instability, demonstrable instability on examination, MRI evidence of radioulnar ligament deficiency, and arthroscopic findings of foveal disruption of the radioulnar ligament. | PURPOSE ::: Distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability can result in pain and functional disability. Numerous DRUJ reconstructive options have been described with minimal biomechanical analysis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of 4 well-described DRUJ reconstructions to restore joint kinematics using a dynamic, motion-controlled simulator. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: Eleven cadaveric upper extremities had computer-controlled simulated active forearm rotation. Joint kinematics were quantified by using an electromagnetic tracking system. We compared the passive and simulated active kinematics of the intact, unstable, and reconstructed DRUJ (capsular repair, 2 described radioulnar ligament reconstructions, and a radioulnar tethering procedure). ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: All reconstructions improved significantly the kinematics of the unstable DRUJ. The capsule repair restored simulated active joint kinematics closest to the intact DRUJ. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSIONS ::: All 4 reconstructions improved DRUJ stability significantly. The capsule repair most closely matched intact DRUJ kinematics and the radioulnar ligament reconstructions were found to be superior to a radioulnar tethering procedure. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,192 |
Osteochondrosis is an abnormality of the epiphyses or epiphyseal equivalents (round bones and apophyses) during later stages of endochondral ossification. This process of abnormal endochondral ossification can occur at various locations throughout the body. The pathogenesis of osteochondrosis is under active investigation. In humans, the process of abnormal endochondral ossification has been attributed to a combination of vascular insult and trauma. Although the proposed etiology of osteochondrosis varies based on body part affected, the overall process is defined by necrosis, revascularization and repair. As such, common radiologic findings include those of osseous destruction and associated inflammation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current understanding of osteochondroses as a disease entity and explore imaging features of osteochondroses throughout the body. | Köhler disease is a childhood condition of pain and swelling of the medial midfoot with associated osteochondrosis or avascular necrosis of the tarsal navicular. The age at presentation is between 2 and 10 years, with boys more likely to be affected than girls. Radiographs show increased sclerosis and sometimes flattening and fragmentation of the navicular. Long-term outcomes for Köhler disease are favorable regardless of the type of treatment, although a short period of immobilization with a short leg walking cast may reduce the duration of symptoms. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,193 |
Whole Body Vibrations consist of a vibration stimulus mechanically transferred to the body. The impact of vibration treatment on specific muscular activity, neuromuscular, and postural control has been widely studied. We investigated whole body vibration (WBV) effect on oxygen uptake and electromyographic signal of the rectus femoris muscle during static and dynamic squat. Fourteen healthy subjects performed a static and dynamic squat with and without vibration. During the vibration exercises, a significant increase was found in oxygen uptake (P=0.05), which increased by 44% during the static squat and 29.4% during the dynamic squat. Vibration increased heart rate by 11.1 ± 9.1 beats.min-1 during the static squat and 7.9 ± 8.3 beats.min-1 during the dynamic squat. No significant changes were observed in rate of perceived exertion between the exercises with and without vibration. The results indicate that the static squat with WBV produced higher neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory system activation for exercise duration ?60 sec. Otherwise, if the single bout duration was higher than 60 sec, the greater cardiorespiratory system activation was achieved during the dynamic squat with WBV while higher neuromuscular activation was still obtained with the static exercise. | Background: The application of whole body vibration (WBV) as a warm-up scheme has been receiving an increasing interest among practitioners.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the ef ... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,194 |
Restoration of the posterior maxilla with reduced bone height and pneumatized sinus is a challenge to the implant surgeon. The surgeon has the option of a direct sinus-lift approach or an in-direct blind approach. Both of which have its own complications. Displacement of an implant into the maxillary sinus is rare occurrence and normally seen after the implant has been in service for a number of months. The displacement of an implant at the time of surgery is even rarer. This report presents a case of an implant displaced into the maxillary sinus during first stage surgery and discusses its possible cause, management and follow-up. | BACKGROUND ::: Migration of oral implants through a previously consolidated graft is an extremely rare event. We reported 2 cases of migration at least 6 months postimplantation in sinus grafted in 2 stages, consequently over 6-month graft maturation period. ::: ::: ::: CASE DESCRIPTION ::: Sinus elevations and implants placement in 2 patients were performed. Clinical and radiographic follow-up after the prosthetic rehabilitation showed displacement of 1 implant in each patient through the histopathologically verified stable grafts. ::: ::: ::: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS ::: Implants migration through composite graft after maxillary sinus elevation was reported. Reasons for this to occur might be due to the following: fail to achieve implant primary stability, Schneiderian membrane perforation, or graft resorption due to increased osteoclastic activity. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,195 |
Foresters are increasingly required to assess trends not only in traditional forest attributes (e.g., growing-stock volumes), but also across suites of forest health indicators and site/climate variables. Given the tenuous relationship between correlation and causality within extremely large datasets, the goal of this study was to use a nationwide annual forest inventory to determine levels of correlation among a wide array of database fields to aid foresters in separating correlation from causality in comprehensive forest resource assessments. In examining more than 15,000 individual correlations, we found the overwhelming majority (> 85 percent) of correlation coefficients were under 0.1. Site variables (e.g., elevation) had the highest mean correlations, while tree variables (e.g., live aboveground biomass) had the lowest mean correlations with all other variables. Nearly all the high correlations (>0.6) were between variables substantially autocorrelated (e.g., site class code and site index). Given that most correlations within a large-scale forest inventory dataset are very low with the remainder being nonsensical or autocorrelates, finding a highly correlated pair of variables with no apparent autocorrelation deserves further exploration. | Context ::: Detecting biotic resistance to biological invasions across large geographic areas may require acknowledging multiple metrics of niche usage and potential spatial heterogeneity in associations between invasive and native species diversity and dominance. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,196 |
A major cause of the morbidity after open heart surgery employing a pump oxygenator is pulmonary dysfunction. In the immediate postoperative period, more impairment of gas exchange is evident in the lungs of those patients in whom extracorporeal circulation is employed than is seen after cardiac surgery utilizing external hypothermia or closed intracardiac techniques. Apparently the perfusion aggravates the usual post-thoracotomy difficulties. Although many of the deleterious effects of the perfusion resulting in irreparable damage to the lungs have been alleviated through experience, postoperative pulmonary congestion still occurs. In view of this, it seems reasonable to assume that this pulmonary dysfunction is initiated during the period of cardiopulmonary bypass from changes in the milieu interieur of the pulmonary capillaries, the alveolar membranes, or the lining of the bronchioles. 7 At present it appears that the changes in the lung, as well as other circulatory abnormalities observed after total body perfusion, | Surface activity of lung extracts was determined in 36 patients and 28 dogs following extracorporeal circulation. Normal results were usually found. Abnormal surface tension was demonstrated only in a few samples obtained from grossly atelectatic or congested portions of lung, normal surface tension being present in adjoining areas of the same lung. Sources of error in surface-tension measurements and factors to be considered in the interpretation of results are discussed. A possible explanation for the discrepancies in results obtained by various investigators is presented. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,197 |
Objectives:Patients with chronic aortic dissection often require repeat interventions due to enlargement of the pressurized false lumen or disseminated intravascular coagulation even after addition... | PURPOSE ::: To describe an innovative technique to occlude distal backflow into a false lumen aneurysm by controlled rupture of the dissection membrane after stent-graft implantation. ::: ::: ::: TECHNIQUE ::: The "Knickerbocker technique" involves relining the true lumen in the descending aorta with an oversized thoracic tubular endograft, followed by controlled rupture of the dissection membrane using a large compliant balloon within the graft's midsection. This maneuver, which allows expansion of the stent-graft's midsection into the false lumen, was developed in order to occlude the large false lumen distally and thus prevent continued false lumen perfusion through distal abdominal entry tears. The technique has been successfully used in 3 patients with ruptured or symptomatic chronic false lumen aneurysm in type B aortic dissection. There was no short-term mortality associated with the procedure. After a mean follow-up of 8 months, the false lumen aneurysm remained thrombosed, with no mortality after a mean clinical follow-up of 22 months. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: The Knickerbocker technique appears to be feasible and effective in inducing false lumen thrombosis in selected patients who undergo stent-grafting for chronic type B aortic dissection. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,198 |
BACKGROUND ::: Uncontrolled hypertension remains a significant problem for many patients. Few interventions to improve patients' hypertension self-management have had lasting effects. Previous work has focused largely on patients' beliefs as predictors of behavior, but little is understood about beliefs as they are embedded in patients' social contexts. ::: ::: ::: OBJECTIVE ::: This study aims to explore how patients' "explanatory models" of hypertension (understandings of the causes, mechanisms or pathophysiology, course of illness, symptoms and effects of treatment) and social context relate to their reported daily hypertension self-management behaviors. ::: ::: ::: DESIGN ::: Semi-structured qualitative interviews with a diverse group of patients at two large urban Veterans Administration Medical centers. PARTICIPANTS (OR PATIENTS OR SUBJECTS): African-American, white and Latino Veterans Affairs (VA) primary care patients with uncontrolled blood pressure. ::: ::: ::: APPROACH ::: We conducted thematic analysis using tools of grounded theory to identify key themes surrounding patients' explanatory models, social context and hypertension management behaviors. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: Patients' perceptions of the cause and course of hypertension, experiences of hypertension symptoms, and beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment were related to different hypertension self-management behaviors. Moreover, patients' daily-lived experiences, such as an isolated lifestyle, serious competing health problems, a lack of habits and routines, barriers to exercise and prioritizing lifestyle choices, also interfered with optimal hypertension self-management. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSIONS ::: Designing interventions to improve patients' hypertension self-management requires consideration of patients' explanatory models and their daily-lived experience. We propose a new conceptual model - the dynamic model of hypertension self-management behavior - which incorporates these key elements of patients' experiences. | The relative contributions of adherence and treatment intensity to blood pressure (BP) control are not well understood. The authors studied patients with uncontrolled hypertension (N=410) from 3 primary care clinics in the Veterans Affairs (VA) medical system. A questionnaire was used to assess patient adherence to therapy, and VA system pharmacy fills were used to assess the intensity of the antihypertensive regimen. At baseline, an inadequate antihypertensive regimen was implicated as the most probable reason for uncontrolled BP in a majority of patients (72%), while nonadherence could only be implicated in 13%. In multivariate longitudinal analyses, patients who had an increase in their medical treatment during the study had lower final diastolic BP levels compared with the patients who did not (-3.70 mm Hg; P<.05). While patient adherence to therapy plays a role, vigorous clinical management by the clinician is a more important contributor to BP control. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 24,199 |
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