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[Features of vertebrate brain Na,K-adenosine triphosphatase activation by detergents]. | Studies have been made on changes in the activity of Na,K-ATPase in brain homogenates of vertebrates (rat, hen, frog, tortoises) induced by various detergents (sodium deoxycholate, Twin-20, Twin-80, Triton X-100). After application of detergent at optimal concentrations, usually the enzymic activity increased, the increase being dependent on animal species and the brain structure. In crude homogenate of the forebrain, Na,K-ATPase activity was the highest in hen and was altogether absent in frog; detergents practically did not affect the enzymic activity in hen and sharply increased it in frogs. It is suggested that the activating effect of detergents is associated with damage of vesicular membrane structures which are formed during homogenization of the brain tissue, the degree of vesicularization being dependent on fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids of the brain. | Our recent nanoindentation measurements on phage lambda, revealed an evolutionary optimization of DNA density in viral capsid. Based on these experimental data, we proposed that water hydrating DNA in the capsid, provides significant support against external capsid deformation at wild-type DNA packing density. Shorter DNA length mutants are on the other hand two times weaker just like empty capsids. In this work, we perform a stringent test of this assumption. DNA hydration force can be dramatically decreased by addition of multivalent ions (here Mg2+ and Sp4+). Indeed, AFM measurements demonstrate that spring constant for wt-DNA phage lambda decreases to a value of an empty capsid upon addition of multivalent salt compared to the “zero-added-salt” value obtained in the previous work. This data is systematically analyzed with DNA hydration model and further comparison is made with phage fi29. | eng_Latn | 26,300 |
The hydrophobic TraM protein of pKM101 is required for conjugal transfer and sensitivity to donor-specific bacteriophage. | pKM101 is a self-transmissible plasmid of the IncN incompatibility group. Analysis of the DNA sequences of the genes required for conjugal transfer suggested the existence of a previously uncharacterized open reading frame, designated traM, that might be required for conjugation. Merodiploid strains containing transposon insertion mutations either in traM or in neighboring tra genes were used to demonstrate that traM constitutes a new complementation group essential for conjugation and donor phage sensitivity. The hydrophobicity profile of TraM suggests that it contains a signal sequence. The remainder of TraM is also composed predominantly of hydrophobic amino acids but contains one possible surface exposed loop. TraM-alkaline phosphatase and TraM-beta-galactosidase fusion proteins supported the hypothesis that TraM has a small cytoplasmic loop. We were unable to detect heterologous complementation between any tra mutation and its homolog from the virB operon of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. | Using turbidity measurements, we quantified the interactions between PDMS-grafted silica nanoparticles (PDMS-g-silica) in pure solvents and a concentrated polymer solution with a focus on detecting the impact of solvent quality on graft layer stretching. This work is an extension of our previous work where we showed that interfacial wetting of the grafted polymer leads to depletion restabilization in semidilute and concentrated polymer solutions in good solvents (Dutta, N.; Green, D. Langmuir 2008, 24, 5260−5269). Subsequently, we showed that the criterion for depletion restabilization holds for both good and marginally poor solvents (Dutta, N.; Green, D. Langmuir 2010, 26, 16737−16744). In this work, we quantified nanoparticle interactions in terms of the second virial coefficient (B2), which captures the stretching of the brush in a good solvent in comparison to compression in a poor solvent. The transition from stretching to compression of the graft layer as a function of solvent quality was also suppo... | eng_Latn | 26,301 |
Mechanical Spectroscopy of Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers | we report a low frequency mechanical relaxation study of molecular motions near and below glass transition in side chain liquid crystal polymers (SCLCP) in the cholesteric state. The SCLCP was a blend of crosslinked and uncrosslinked materials. Different compositions were studied. These materials exhibit low temperature relaxation processes and a main relaxation connected to the glass transition. Localiscd motions arc responsible for the low temperature processes while the main relaxation exhibits cooperative features and is sensitive to the amount of crosslinked fraction. The relaxation blue in the glass transition range when plotted against normalised reciprocal temperature shows that the molecular motions display a fragile character in agreement with the highly cooperative feature and strong physical aging effects. These observations are discussed in the frame of correlated motions involved in the liquid glass transition. | The aqueous two-phase system has been applied to the separation of biomolecules because of its gentle character, easy operation and high separating efficiency. The systems that are being used may include the poly-poly system, the poly-electrolyte system and the newly-developed micellar system. In this paper, we analyzed the thermodynamic models for the partition-calculating coefficients of protein in each system, hoping that is will be of help for further research. | eng_Latn | 26,302 |
Janus nanoparticle dimers and chains viapolymer single crystals | We report a novel method to synthesize functional Janus nanoparticles using a polymer single crystal templating method. These functionalized Janus nanoparticles can be used to fabricate homo- and hetero-nanoparticle dimers and chains, which are useful for applications including surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, cell imaging and nanoelectronic devices. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,303 |
Stabilization of Actin Filaments by ATP and Inorganic Phosphate | Both inorganic orthophosphate and ATP stabilize actin filaments. This is reflected by a reduced nucleotide exchange and by a protection against filament breakdown by SDS or KI. When the filament-stabilizing effect of ATP was maximal, only about 15% of the actin subunits of the filament had bound one molecule of the nucleotide offered in the stabilizing solution. | FIELD: biotechnology. SUBSTANCE: methods include contacting of a biofilm comprising one or more of Staphylococcus or Streptococcus, with a composition comprising an effective amount of a lysin polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or versions thereof having at least 80% identity to the SEQ ID NO: 1 polypeptide and being effective for staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria lysis in a biofilm. The biofilm is effectively dispersed or treated. The inventions allow to eliminate not only mature biofilms, but also to prevent formation of de novo biofilms. EFFECT: lysin polypeptide used demonstrates high activity at lower concentrations compared to the lack of activity of antibiotics used at high concentrations. 21 cl, 21 dwg, 7 tbl, 14 ex | eng_Latn | 26,304 |
Effect of deformation on the structure of polyimide PM-A at low temperatures | Films of polyimide PM-A were studied by x-ray diffractometry after deformation at liquid nitrogen and liquid helium temperatures. Deformation at liquid nitrogen temperature causes the formation of two regions with different densities in the films. Deformation of the films at liquid helium temperature does not cause significant changes in their structure. Assuming that the films consist of quasilinear chain molecules, two mechanisms are proposed which provide a qualitative description of the processes taking place in polyimide PM-A films after deformation at low temperatures. | Whole cell deformability of ATP-depleted and Ca-loaded red cells has been measured at various osmolalities to determine those cellular factors responsible for the reduce deformability of these cells. For cells depleted of ATP in Ca-free medium, a progressive loss of hypotonic deformability identified membrane loss with reduced surface area-to-volume ratio as the dominant mechanism of deformability loss. For cells treated with Ca and the ionophore A23187 without prior depletion, a rapid loss of isotonic deformability, reversible in hypotonic medium, identified dehydration with increased internal viscosity as the dominant mechanism of deformability loss. In contrast to previously held concepts, increased membrane rigidity was not found to have a major influence. | eng_Latn | 26,305 |
An estimate of the extent of folding of nucleosomal DNA by laterally asymmetric neutralization of phosphate groups. | We attempt quantitative implementation of a previous suggestion that asymmetric charge neutralization of DNA phosphate groups may provide part of the driving force for nucleosome folding. Polyelectrolyte theory can be used to estimate the effective compressive force acting along the length of one side of the DNA surface when a fraction of the phosphate groups are neutralized by histones bound to that side. A standard engineering formula then relates the force to the bending amplitude caused by it. Calculated bending amplitudes are consistent with the curvature of nucleosomal DNA and the overall extent of charge neutralization by the histones. The relation of the model to various aspects of nucleosome folding, including the detailed path of core-particle DNA, is discussed. Several other DNA-protein complexes are listed as examples of possible asymmetric charge-induced bending. | A process for the preparation of desacetoxycephalosporanic acids with palladium oxide hydrate optionally supported on an inert carrier and palladium oxide hydrate supported on alpha-cellulose which is useful in the process. | eng_Latn | 26,306 |
Air-Drying and Non-Equilibrium States/Glass Transition | Air-drying is an ancient process used to preserve foods in which the solid to be dried is exposed to a continuously flowing hot stream of air where moisture evaporate. In this chapter, an analysis of air-drying and glass transition from generalities of the process and shrinkage phenomenon, to specific studies on non-Fickian mass transfer during drying is presented. Data showing evidence of the impact of glass transition on drying and volume change are provided and possible explanation to abnormal phenomena, endeavored. | In this paper, we demonstrate our recent attempt to construct a chemical model system of amoeboid motion. The system is intended to mimic biological motility based on the generation and collapse of an elastic aggregate; it is composed of oil, water, and surfactants. In this chemical system, the oil–water interface shows extension and retreat of spherical extrusions accompanied by the generation of aggregate on the interface. This instability of the oil–water interface can cause autonomous splitting and motion of a floating oil droplet. The current mathematical model based on the generation of a passive elastic gel is explained, as well as the discrepancy between the model and the experiments. We further describe recently observed microscopic characteristics of the aggregate formation process that might cause the interfacial instability. Finally, we discuss the disadvantage of a chemical model system compared with active colloid and in vitro biological systems, and also mention its potential advantages. | eng_Latn | 26,307 |
[Coagulation performance and mechanism of Al(b) species in treating simulative dye wastewater]. | Al(b) species was obtained from polyaluminum chloride (PAC) using ethanol-acetone mixed precipitation method. Al(b) and PAC were comparatively investigated in terms of color removal and zeta potential under different coagulant dosage and solution pH in the treatment of dispersive yellow and direct purple simulative dyeing wastewater. The changes of floc size of Al(b) and PAC were analyzed with PDA2000 and Mastersizer2000, and the coagulation mechanisms were also investigated. Compared with PAC, Al(b) species can work within a wider pH range and the flocs formed by Al(b) showed a more compact structure, a better settle ability and regrowth ability. | In this paper, we demonstrate our recent attempt to construct a chemical model system of amoeboid motion. The system is intended to mimic biological motility based on the generation and collapse of an elastic aggregate; it is composed of oil, water, and surfactants. In this chemical system, the oil–water interface shows extension and retreat of spherical extrusions accompanied by the generation of aggregate on the interface. This instability of the oil–water interface can cause autonomous splitting and motion of a floating oil droplet. The current mathematical model based on the generation of a passive elastic gel is explained, as well as the discrepancy between the model and the experiments. We further describe recently observed microscopic characteristics of the aggregate formation process that might cause the interfacial instability. Finally, we discuss the disadvantage of a chemical model system compared with active colloid and in vitro biological systems, and also mention its potential advantages. | eng_Latn | 26,308 |
The streptococcal IgG degrading enzyme IdeS - studies on host-pathogen interactions | The important human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes causes both mild infections such as pharyngitis and impetigo but also severe life threatening invasive infections. Specific antibodies (IgG) rec ... | Abstract Several novel applications of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have emerged recently. With a growing interest in the field, there is an urge to understand formation and functioning of these solvents at molecular level, which in turn would assist in further designing of DESs. We herein performed molecular dynamics simulations on three of the commonly used type III DES, viz, reline, ethaline, and glyceline, which are mixtures of urea, ethylene glycol, and glycerol with choline chloride at eutectic composition. Our results explain the role of inter-molecular and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding and energies on formation of these DESs. Furthermore, the ability of these DESs to be altered in a desired way through a simple addition of water makes it versatile solution for several other applications. Hence, simulations are also performed on the aqueous DES solutions, which reveal the effect of water on intermolecular network of interaction existing within these DESs. | eng_Latn | 26,309 |
MAGNETIC RESONANCE ELASTOGRAPHY; A NON-INVASIVE METHOD TO DETERMINE MUSCLE ACTIVITY IN VIVO | linearly related to force generation. We believe that this wavelength change in the observed muscles, which could be directly visualized in every volunteer, reflects the change in muscle activity due to the higher tension of muscle fibers in active muscle contraction. In this study we model muscle fibers as a string and the waves are travelling along the muscle fibers. We also examined only one joint position and a limited number of weights. However, these results indicate that this method might be of a significant relevance to studies of muscle tension and load sharing among different muscle groups and joint function. Future work will, based on these promising results, include the analysis of the individual muscle activity in different joint positions and direct measurements of muscular tension. In addition this method could provide a non-invasive tool for the direct comparison of the mechanical properties of muscles under different pathological conditions. | A mobility profile describes the change of the solvent mobility with the distance from the surface of a suspended particle. By means of numerical integration on a computer, a relationship was found between such profiles and the concentration dependence of microviscosity in suspensions of cylinders (models for polymer segments in polymer solutions and gels) and spheres (e.g., protein molecules). ::: ::: ::: ::: The obtained relationship was used to calculate the mobility profile in aqueous solutions of hydroxyethyl cellulose and ribonuclease A. The influence of the macromolecules on the water mobility was found to change as the inverse distance to the power of 1.6 and 2.2, respectively. At a distance of 40 A from the cellulose segment, or from the surface of the ribonuclease molecule, the mobility is reduced by 10% from that in bulk solvent. | yue_Hant | 26,310 |
Thermal Rate Constants of the N( 4 S)+O 2 (X 3 Σ g - ) → NO(X 2 II) +O( 3 P) Reaction on the 2 A’ Potential Energy Surface | A quasiclassical trajectory study with the sixth-order explicit symplectic algorithm for the N(4S)+O2(X3Σg−)→NO (X2Π)+O(3P) reaction has been reported by employing a new ground potential energy surface. We have discussed the influence of the relative translational energy, the vibrational and rotational levels of O2 molecules on the total reaction cross section. Thermal rate constants at temperatures 300, 600, and 1000 K determined in this work for the reaction are 4.4×107, 1.8×1010, and 3.1×1011 cm3mol−1s−1, respectively. It is found that they are in better agreement with the experimental data than previous theoretical values. | Abstract The overall aim of this chapter is to provide an introduction to thermodynamics of protein solutions applied to understanding how cosolvents, such as salts, osmolytes, or denaturants, impact upon protein stability and denaturation and protein phase behavior. This is especially relevant for any type of protein formulation or in bioseparation processes where a key variable is the cosolvent composition, which often needs to be manipulated to maintain protein stability and/or control protein solubility. The emphasis is on a molecular perspective, which is achieved by relating thermodynamic properties to protein–solvent and protein–protein interactions. Using a molecular approach provides a link through knowledge of intermolecular interactions between protein solution behavior and the protein physicochemical properties and solvent conditions, which, in turn, allows for some level of predictability. | eng_Latn | 26,311 |
Tripeptide, Arg-Gly-Asp, inhibits the transfection of protein-linked DNA of bacteriophage M2. | The effect of tripeptide, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), on the transfection activity of Bacillus phage M2 DNA was examined. The transfection activity decreased when M2 DNA was preincubated with RGD before it was added to competent cells. | The design and self-assembly of two new flexible supramolecular nanoballs are described. These assemblies incorporate two flexible tritopic amide and ester building blocks and were prepared in excellent yields (96−97%) via coordination driven self-assembly. The first resulted from the reaction of 4 equiv of a new tritopic ester ligand N,N‘,N‘ ‘-tris(4-pyridylmethyl) trimesic ester and 3 equiv of C4 symmetric Pd(NO3)2. The second analogous structure was obtained by the self-assembly of a flexible N,N‘,N‘ ‘-tris(3-pyridylmethyl) trimesic amide and Pd(NO3)2. The assemblies were characterized with multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and TGA. Mass spectrometry along with NMR data and TEM view confirms the existence of the two assemblies. MM2 force field simulations of the cages showed a ball shape with the diameter of the inner cavity of about 2.1 and 1.8 nm for 2a and 2b, respectively, which were also corroborated by TEM analysis. | eng_Latn | 26,312 |
Analysis of Pinching Motion of a Finger Dummy Actuated by Electro-active Polymer Actuators | In order to demonstrate the possibility of applying an ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) to a finger exoskeleton, pinching motion analysis was performed for a thumb-index finger dummy actuated by IPMC actuators. The IPMC actuators of 5mm in width and 40mm in length with 2.4mm thickness generated 1.52N of blocking force for the applying voltage of 4.0V. Three actuators were installed on the three rotary joint of an index finger, and one actuator was installed on one proximal joint. Positions of each joint and finger tip were recorded on the video camera, and motion was analyzed. Power supply to the index finger actuators preceded power supply to the thumb actuator, and key pinching motion was accomplished in 180s. Tip pinching was accomplished in 135s as power supply to the thumb preceded power supply to the index finger. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,313 |
Diffusion in flowing films of dilute polymeric solutions | This work deals with the measurement of diffusivity of gases (D) in polymeric solutions under flow conditions. The wetted sphere technique is used for this purpose. The relevant convective diffusion equation for pseudoplastic fluids is first solved. The theoretical results are then used in conjunction with experimental measurements with six different polymer systems to determine the values of D. The polymer addition results in an enhancement in D also showing the presence of an hitherto unreported maximum. Although the results appear to indicate that D values are independent of shear rate on the surface of the sphere, a critical analysis indicates that gas absorption from a stress-free interface may not be a sensitive technique of studying shear rate dependence of D. The influence of viscoelastic fluid stretching, end effects etc. is studied semi-theoretically. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,314 |
Surface band bending in as-grown and plasma-treated n-type GaN films using surface potential electric force microscopy | The surface band bending, as well as the effect of plasma-induced damage on band bending, on GaN surfaces, was investigated. The upward band bending, measured by surface potential electric force microscopy (a variant of atomic force microscopy), for the as-grown n-type GaN was about 1.0 eV which increased to ∼1.4 eV after reactive ion etching (RIE). UV illumination decreased the band bending by 0.3 eV with time constants on the order of seconds and hundreds of seconds for the as-grown and RIE treated GaN, respectively. This implies that there is a higher density of the surface states in the samples subjected to the RIE process. After the RIE treatment, the shape of the photoluminescence spectrum remained unchanged, but the intensity dropped by a factor of 3. This effect can be attributed to nonradiative defects created near the surface by the RIE treatment. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,315 |
GROUP VI METAL PENTACARBONYL COMPLEXES OF 1,2,4-TRIAZOLES | Abstract The synthesis of chromium and tungsten pentacarbonyl complexes with 4-methyl and 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole is reported. The nature of the lowest energy absorption in the ultraviolet spectra of these complexes has been examined and shown to be principally a ligand field band. The triazoles are shown to be acting as monodentate ligands by infrared and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The compounds show strong solvent dependence in the 1 H NMR and these effects are explained by solvent—solute interaction. The temperature dependence of the 1 H NMR spectrum of W(CO) 5 (4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole) has also been examined. | Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram positive coccal bacterium is a major cause of nosocomial infection. We report the synthesis of new triphenylamine phosphonium ionic liquids which are able to self-assemble into multiwall nanoassemblies and to reveal a strong bactericidal activity (MIC=0.5mg/L) for Gram positive bacteria (including resistant strains) comparable to that of standard antibiotics. Time kill, metabolism and fluorescence confocal microscopy studies show a quasi-instantaneously penetration of the nanoassemblies inside the bacteria resulting of a rapid blocking (30min) of their proliferation. As confirmed by rezasurin reduction monitoring, these compounds strongly affect the bacterial metabolism and a Gram positive versus Gram negative selectivity is clearly observed. These fluorescent phosphonium ionic liquid might constitute a useful tool for both translocation studies and to tackle infectious diseases related to the field of implantology. | yue_Hant | 26,316 |
Phospho sugars. Novel preparation and their glycosyl compounds | Treatment of 1-phenyl-2-, and -3-phospholene 1-oxides with N-bromosuccinimide affords 4-bromo-1-phenyl-2-phospholene 1-oxide. Substitution of the bromide with acetate, followed by stereoselective oxidation with osmium tetroxide and peracetylation with acetic anhydride/pyridine affords phospho sugar derivatives of tetrafuranose. Furthermore, N-, O-, and S-glycosyl compounds of phospho sugars can be prepared from 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-phospholene 1-oxide by bromination and nucleophilic substitution reactions. This is a novel and excellent route to prepare phospho sugar derivatives | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,317 |
During washing and wearing, the cellulose-based polymer which gives the benefit of appearance and integrity against fabric textile mill applications | Cellulose-based polymer or oligomer materials for use in the textile mill applications. The compositions of the present invention, in washing and wearing, with respect to fabrics and textiles, to impart the benefits of appearance and integrity. This application may be incorporated in either a stand-alone, or textile mill in the process. The substance via the pad dry process or dyeing process is applicable on the yarn / fabric / textile / clothing. | Most theories about macromolecular crowding focus on two ideas: the macromolecular nature of the crowder and entropy. For proteins, the volume excluded by the crowder favors compact native states over expanded denatured states, enhancing protein stability by decreasing the entropy of unfolding. We tested these ideas with the widely used crowding agent Ficoll-70 and its monomer, sucrose. Contrary to expectations, Ficoll and sucrose have approximately the same stabilizing effect on chymotrypsin inhibitor 2. Furthermore, the stabilization is driven by enthalpy, not entropy. These results point to the need for carefully controlled studies and more sophisticated theories for understanding crowding effects. | eng_Latn | 26,318 |
On the ferroelastic phase transition in LiKSO4: Brillouin scattering studies from 140 to 300 K and Landau theory modelling | The authors report on the results of Brillouin scattering studies of single crystals of ferroelastic LiKSO2 in the range of temperatures from 140 to 300 K. They have measured all the nonzero second-order elastic constants and found them to be essentially temperature-independent except for c66. The interesting hysteretic temperature dependence of c66, its incomplete softening at the transition temperature and other physical properties of LiKSO4 previously reported have motivated them to re-examine and extend the theoretical models adopted earlier. A Landau expansion of the free-energy involved strain components including spontaneous strain, polarisation and both order parameters for the two neighbouring transitions around 190 and 250 K. As a result of this analysis they have obtained good qualitative agreement with the reported experimental data. | We compare three different methods to quantify the monosaccharide fucose in solutions using the displacement of a large glycoprotein, lactoferrin. Two microfluidic analysis methods, namely fluorescence detection of (labeled) lactoferrin as it is displaced by unlabeled fucose and the displacement of (unlabeled) lactoferrin in SPR, provide fast responses and continuous data during the experiment, theoretically providing significant information regarding the interaction kinetics between the saccharide groups and binding sites. For comparison, we also performed a static displacement ELISA. The stationary binding site in all cases was immobilized S2-AAL, a monovalent polypeptide based on Aleuria aurantia lectin. Although all three assays showed a similar dynamic range, the microfluidic assays with fluorescent or SPR detection show an advantage in short analysis times. Furthermore, the microfluidic displacement assays provide a possibility to develop a one-step analytical platform. | eng_Latn | 26,319 |
Wettability Patterning by UV-Initiated Graft Polymerization of Poly(acrylic acid) in Closed Microfluidic Systems of Complex Geometry | Many microfluidic applications require modified surface wettability of the microchannels. Patterning of wettability within enclosed microfluidic structures at high spatial resolution has been challenging in the past. In this paper, we report an improved method for altering the surface wettability in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannels by UV-induced graft polymerization of poly(acrylic acid). Our method presents significant improvements in terms of wettability contrast and spatial resolution of the patterned structures as compared to recent literature and is in particular applicable to complex microfluidic structures with a broad range of channel sizes and aspect ratios. A key part of our work is the clear description of the surface treatment process with the identification of key parameters, some of which have been overlooked, neglected, or misinterpreted in previous works. We have studied these key parameters in detail and provide recommended values for each parameter supported by experimental re... | We study the behavior of interacting self-propelled particles, whose self-propulsion speed decreases with their local density. By combining direct simulations of the microscopic model with an analysis of the hydrodynamic equations obtained by explicitly coarse graining the model, we show that interactions lead generically to the formation of a host of patterns, including moving clumps, active lanes, and asters. This general mechanism could explain many of the patterns seen in recent experiments and simulations. | eng_Latn | 26,320 |
A positronium atom in the self-field of annihilation photons | In this paper the lifetime, energy shift, and phase-relaxation time of a parapositronium atom in a two-photon annihilation decay process is calculated using the Heisenberg equations of motion for atomic and photon operators, without resorting to perturbation techniques. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,321 |
Conformational Properties of PAMAM Dendrimers Adsorbedon the Gold Surface Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulation | Dendrimers have tremendous potential application in the construction of novel nanocomposite materials. Thus, it is of great importance to understand the dendrimer–surface interaction. In this work, we have used fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to study the behavior of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers adsorbed on the polarizable model of the gold surface. The structural properties of a single adsorbed PAMAM dendrimer as well after film formation were considered at three different solution pH’s. Based on calculated structural features such as radius of gyration, asphericity, distribution of terminal groups, and solvent-accessible surface area, we find that with an increase in pH dendrimers adopt a more compact, compressed structure. Moreover, the structure of individual dendrimers can undergo a further transition after aggregation compared to the isolated polymer. | According fo the characteristics of product family and GBOM,a configurable product structuremodel based on product family is constructed.Then the composition of configuration modules and the constraintrelationship among modules and properties areanalyzed.During the configuration process,configurationparameters and rules are defined,and the realization of the aprameterized configuration process is expemplified.Alsothe creation,information transformation andmanagement of different BOM views are discussed.Finally,anapplication case on such product structure model and product configuration is given. | eng_Latn | 26,322 |
The volcaniclastic turbidites of the Grand Bay Formation, Carriacou, Grenadines, Lesser Antilles | Abstract. The Middle Miocene Grand Bay Formation is exposed on the eastern half of the island of Carriacou, Grenada Grenadines. The formation was deposited in water depths of greater than 150 m and is mainly composed of a sequence of bioclastic and volcanogenic turbidites. The dominant rock type in the Grand Bay Formation is fine- to coarse-grained sandstones. The volcaniclastic sandstones are poorly sorted and immature, and contain volcanic clasts, clinopyroxene, amphibole, plagioclase feldspar and opaque crystals in an argillaceous matrix. Within the Grand Bay Formation are beds of subaequeous lapilli and ash tuff representing pyroclastic fall deposits that have a mineralogy that is similar to the heavy minerals in the turbidites. The mineral assemblage of the lapilli tuffs suggests that these eruptions were basaltic andesite or andesite in composition. It is postulated that the volcanogenic turbidites in the Grand Bay Formation formed as a consequence of volcanic eruptions along the southern Lesser Ant... | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,323 |
Quantitative Structure–Property Relationship (QSPR) Analysis of ZrO2-Containing Soda-Lime Borosilicate Glasses | Quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) analysis is a promising approach to correlate structural features with properties of glass materials that lack long-range order and usually have complex structures. By using carefully chosen descriptors based on structural models generated from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, correlations with properties and insights on glass behaviors can be obtained. Zirconia can significantly alter glass properties including chemical durability, even in a small amount, and hence plays an important role in vitrification of nuclear waste where long-term chemical durability is desired. In this study, borosilicate glasses with the composition of xZrO2–(61 – x)SiO2–17B2O3–18Na2O–4CaO with x = 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 were simulated using classical MD simulations with the recently developed composition-dependent potentials. Short-range (e.g., bond distance and coordination numbers) and medium-range (e.g., Qn distribution, network connectivity, and ring-size distribution) s... | A strategy is outlined for the design of hand-twisted helical crystals. The starting point in the exercise is the one-dimensional (1D) plastic crystal, 1,4-dibromobenzene, which is then changed to a 1D elastic crystal, exemplified by 4-bromophenyl 4′-chlorobenzoate, by introduction of a molecular synthon −O–CO– in lieu of the supramolecular synthon Br···Br in the precursor. The 1D elastic crystals are next modified to two-dimensional (2D) elastic crystals, of the type 4-bromophenyl 4′-nitrobenzoate where the halogen bonding and C–H···O hydrogen bonding are well-matched. Finally, varying the interaction strengths in these 2D elastic crystals gives plastic crystals with two pairs of bendable faces but without slip planes. Typical examples are 4-chlorophenyl and 4-bromophenyl 4′-nitrobenzoate. This type of 2D plasticity represents a new type of bendable crystals in which plastic behavior is seen with a fair degree of isotropic character in the crystal packing. The presence of two sets of bendable faces, gene... | eng_Latn | 26,324 |
Cantilever deflection associated with hybridization of monomolecular DNA film | Recent experiments show that specific binding between a ligand and surface immobilized receptor, such as hybridization of single stranded DNA immobilized on a microcantilever surface, leads to cantilever deflection. The binding-induced deflection may be used as a method for detection of biomolecules, such as pathogens and biohazards. Mechanical deformation induced due to hybridization of surface-immobilized DNA strands is a commonly used system to demonstrate the efficacy of microcantilever sensors. To understand the mechanism underlying the cantilever deflections, a theoretical model that incorporates the influence of ligand/receptor complex surface distribution and empirical interchain potential is developed to predict the binding-induced deflections. The cantilever bending induced due to hybridization of DNA strands is predicted for different receptor immobilization densities, hybridization efficiencies, and spatial arrangements. Predicted deflections are compared with experimental reports to validate ... | Abstract The IR spectra of some halogenated symmetric derivatives of phenol in solid state are reported. The CNDO/2 method has been applied to calculate the V 2 torsional barrier; this method gives larger values than those obtained from other conventional methods. The origin of the tilt angle in phenols is discussed. | eng_Latn | 26,325 |
Melittin and ionic surfactant interactions in monomolecular films | The interaction between the anionic and cationic surfactants with Melittin spread monolayers at the air-water interface was investigated. The addition of anionic Cl−, under the films of Melittin gives rise to a change in both surface pressure and surface potential. These interactions are different when surfactants are present, due to specific interactions between Melittin and the ionic-surfactants. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,326 |
Novel α-Aminophosphonates Based on Syntanols: Synthesis and Anti-Corrosion Activity | Novel α-aminophosphonates based on a non-ionic surfactant (ethoxylated alcohol syntanol) with varied length of the oxyethyl moiety have been synthesized. The obtained phosphonates have been characterized by 1H, 31P, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Investigation of their anticorrosive activity by gravimetry method revealed fairly strong effect of the metal protection against corrosion in the presence of phosphonates (up to 94%) and decrease of the corrosion rate (to 0.030 mm/year). | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,327 |
Angiosome perfusion of the foot: An old theory or a new issue? | Abstract The angiosome concept of foot perfusion was conceived based on anatomical studies of arterial circulation and used for planning surgical procedures, tissue reconstruction, and amputation. Its application is relevant in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia and nonhealing foot ulcer or amputation. An understanding of foot angiosome anatomy is useful for predicting healing and planning arterial revascularization. A review of the literature, including the most recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses, indicates improved wound healing is achieved when the angiosome concept is followed. The greatest value of angiosome-based revascularization is in patients with lesion(s) limited to a single angiosome, or to achieve optimal healing of amputation sites. Future research should focus on proper identification of (imaging) modalities to determine the hemodynamic and functional changes before and after revascularization, thus identifying the “real” angiosome and directing optimal therapy. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,328 |
Improved cyclability of a lithium–sulfur battery using POP–Sulfur composite materials | The microporous nature of the porous organic polymer (POP) successfully limits the crystallization of sulfur and hence restrains the dissolution and diffusion of lithium polysulfides formed during the repeated charge and discharge process of lithium–sulfur batteries. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that a POP–sulfur nanocomposite can lead to high coulombic efficiency and superior reversibility in lithium–sulfur batteries. | Aim of this thesis was to apply the stable isotopes technique to study pulmonary surfactant kinetics. ::: Lung surfactant is essential to live, because it prevents the alveoli to collapse during normal breathing. Lung surfactant is composed of lipids and specific proteins, and nowadays it is well known that alterations on the composition and amount of surfactant are involved in acute and chronic lung diseases. ::: This work presents two studies about lung surfactant kinetics. ::: The first one is about the synthesis of disaturated phosphatidylcholine, the main lipid in the pulmonary surfactant system, in a murine model of unilateral acid injury. ::: The second one explains an optimized procedure to evaluate surfactant protein B synthesis and a novel method to study surfactant protein C synthesis in both infants and adults, each with stable isotopes technique | eng_Latn | 26,329 |
Behavior of Phosphate and Ammonium Ions in Forming and Melting Spherical Ice Crystals | Inclusion phenomena of phosphate and ammonium ions in ice crystals and the behavior of both ions dissolved from the melting ice crystals were investigated experimentally. The experiment was performed by forming spherical ice crystals from a solution containing phosphate and ammonium ions, and by melting them. At the formation of spherical ice crystals, large amounts of phosphate and ammonium ions were included near the center of the ice crystals. At melting, the concentration of both ions in the initially eluated solution was somewhat higher than in the solution eluated later. Some adsorption experiments for both ions on the surface of ice spheres were also performed in order to interpret the inclusion and dissolution behavior qualitatively. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,330 |
Maghemite Nanoparticles on Supported Diblock Copolymer Nanostructures | Diblock copolymer nanostructures with metal oxide nanoparticles are prepared on solid supports by spin-coating. The maghemite nanoparticles (Fe2O3) are masked with grafted polystyrene chains to allow a tailored positioning on top of nanostructures created by the symmetric polystyrene-block-polyisoprene diblock copolymer. Film thickness and lamellar thickness of the diblock copolymer are smaller than the nanoparticles diameter to prevent the particles from being embedded inside the polymer superstructure. Nanostructures without nanoparticles are compared with structures with up to 30% nanoparticles content. The structural analysis is based on atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering. The observed structures are explained in the framework of a retarded dewetting process preceding microphase separation. With increasing nanoparticle concentration the structural type changes from droplets into a continuous structure and covers typical lengths between 50 and 195 nm. Above a cri... | In this letter, we investigate the mechanism of formation of a recently discovered new type of colloid, irreversible flexible chains of magnetic particles. The chain formation mechanism is based on magnetically induced bridging by adsorbed polymers, and we investigate here the associated phase diagrams, considering both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. This phase diagram is the consequence of a balance between entropic repulsion between polymer layers at the particles surfaces, depletion forces pushing the particles together, and a short-range attractive force developing when polymers can bridge two particles. We end up with a very simple protocol allowing the formation of long, extremely regular chains, which can find numerous applications in chemistry and biology. The perspectives for the development of a new field of “macrocolloidal chemistry” are discussed. | eng_Latn | 26,331 |
Quark and pion condensation in a chromomagnetic background field | The general features of quark and pion condensation in dense quark matter with flavor asymmetry have been considered at finite temperature in the presence of a chromomagnetic background field modeling the gluon condensate. In particular, pion condensation in the case of a constant abelian chromomagnetic field and zero temperature has been studied both analytically and numerically. Under the influence of the chromomagnetic background field the effective potential of the system is found to have a global minimum for a finite pion condensate even for small values of the effective quark coupling constant. In the strong field limit, an effective dimensional reduction has been found to take place. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,332 |
Control points of ammoniation-granulation for urea-based compound fertilizer | Control points of ammoniation-granulation for urea-based compound fertilizer are introduced,the moisture and temperature of material,operation pressure in pipe reactor are analyzed,the main regulation methods of ammoniation-granulation for urea-based compound fertilizer are also introduced. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,333 |
Study on the sugar content of blue-veined “Gorgonzola” PDO cheese | Abstract A chromatographic method, HPAEC-PAD, was applied to 49 samples of Gorgonzola PDO cheese to quantify residual sugars. Very low levels were detected in both sweet and piquant categories: values were, respectively, 1.24 ± 1.30 and 0.69 ± 0.11 mg 100 g−1 for lactose, 1.21 ± 0.60 and 2.07 ± 1.77 mg 100 g−1 for galactose and 5.41 ± 4.58 and 4.46 ± 4.09 mg 100 g−1 for glucose. Analysis of cores, taken from the same cheese at different days of ripening, showed that sugars had already been completely metabolised 10 days after production. These results allow the use of term “naturally lactose free” for Gorgonzola PDO cheese. The chromatographic profile showed the presence of other peaks, which were tentatively identified as polyols (sugar alcohols), probably derived by metabolism and catabolism of microflora. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,334 |
Facile fabrication of amphoteric semi-interpenetrating network membranes for vanadium flow battery applications | Abstract For improvement of vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) performance, novel amphoteric semi-interpenetrating membranes (ASIPN) were prepared using poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and polysulfone (PSf), the former bearing sulfonic groups and the latter imidazolium. These two groups form ionic crosslinks between PEEK and PSf; meanwhile, covalent cross links were built between PSf chains with addition of N-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole. The amphoteric nature of the membrane allows facile proton and anion transport; the IPN structure and the presence of imidazolium cation effectively suppress vanadium ion crossover through the membrane. Therefore, the ASIPN based VRBs show higher Coulombic efficiency and energy efficiency than that assembled with pristine SPEEK and Nafion 212 membranes. Our work demonstrates that the ASIPN membranes are promising for VRB applications. | In this paper, we demonstrate our recent attempt to construct a chemical model system of amoeboid motion. The system is intended to mimic biological motility based on the generation and collapse of an elastic aggregate; it is composed of oil, water, and surfactants. In this chemical system, the oil–water interface shows extension and retreat of spherical extrusions accompanied by the generation of aggregate on the interface. This instability of the oil–water interface can cause autonomous splitting and motion of a floating oil droplet. The current mathematical model based on the generation of a passive elastic gel is explained, as well as the discrepancy between the model and the experiments. We further describe recently observed microscopic characteristics of the aggregate formation process that might cause the interfacial instability. Finally, we discuss the disadvantage of a chemical model system compared with active colloid and in vitro biological systems, and also mention its potential advantages. | eng_Latn | 26,335 |
Procaine Penicillin G for Aqueous Injection | RECENT developments in penicillin-therapy dosage schedules have resulted in numerous studies dealing with the significance of blood levels. The object of this communication is to report data concerning the blood plasma penicillin levels and urine concentration curves following intramuscular administration of aqueous solution of procaine penicillin (Crysticillin).§ This procaine salt is relatively insoluble in aqueous solutions and body fluids, and this property forms the basis of a new principle in penicillin administration. It has been demonstrated that the addition of dried sodium carboxymethylcellulose to dry crystalline procaine penicillin G results in a stable suspension in diluents containing water. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose . . . | Abstract We have isolated two cationic peptides, sharing partial homology with each other, from the venom of South African scorpions. Both synthetic peptides—one containing 44 amino acids, the other containing 45 amino acids—were constructed. At submicromolar concentrations they can activate granulocytes as evidenced by a concentration dependent chemotaxis and exocytosis. They also strongly inhibit the production of superoxide anions. At higher concentrations they act as pore formers and induce leakage of the cells. These different effects may be related to their amphipathic structure. | eng_Latn | 26,336 |
Comment on "Nonrenewal Statistics in the Catalytic Activity of Enzyme Molecules at Mesoscopic Concentrations". | It is well known in enzyme kinetics that the Michaelis-Menten (MM) equation is applicable only to enzymes in the steady state. We show that the result obtained in the previous work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 218301 (2011)] is inconsistent with the MM equation, not because the authors considered the enzyme system at mesoscopic concentrations but because they considered the enzyme system in the non-stationary state. The substrate concentration dependence of the mean turnover time is, in fact, consistent with the MM equation in the steady state, regardless of the number of enzymes in the system. | Abstract We consider the mean lifetime of adhesion clusters under a constant applied force and discuss in details different approximate solutions of this problem focusing on catch bond clusters. The analytical equation for the lifetime is derived that is accurate for a broad range of cluster parameters. A scaling equation for the variation of the cluster lifetime with the total number of available bonds is presented that holds already for relatively small clusters. While we focus on consideration of catch bond clusters, the derived equations are applicable also for description of lifetime of clusters including standard slip bonds. | eng_Latn | 26,337 |
Adsorption of 1,3-Dimethyluracil at the Au(111)/Aqueous Electrolyte Interface. A Chronocoulometric Study | The interfacial behavior of 1,3-dimethyluracil (1,3-DMU) on Au(111) has been investigated quantitatively using chronocoulometry. The adsorption parameters such as film pressure, relative Gibbs surface excess, Gibbs energy of adsorption, and electrosorption valency were determined as a function of electrode potential and charge density for concentrations of 1,3-DMU up to 50 mM. The values of the relative Gibbs surface excess and the small shift of the zero charge potential due to 1,3-DMU adsorption, ENI, indicate that the organic molecules are oriented parallel to the electrode surface within the entire region of an ideal polarizable interface. The Gibbs energy at maximum adsorption is equal to −35.4 kJ mol-1 and suggests weak chemisorption. The strategy of analyzing chronocoulometric data, as shown in the present communication, provides the tools for a subsequent project aimed to address the role of the adsorbate structure on the thermodynamics of adsorption and phase-formation of N- and C-alkylated uraci... | AbstractIn order to mask the bitter taste of drug, a microencapsulation method for the production of egg albumin microaggregates was employed. As model bitter-tasting drug, colistin sulfonate was used. The heat denaturation technique for egg albumin microaggregates (coagulation temperature: 60°C) is different from that for human serum albumin (coagulation temperature: l00°C), which is quite important for high temperature unstable drugs. This method was subsequently used to produce microaggregates with a size range of 108.76 ± 32 μm. The egg albumin microaggregates were able to improve the organoleptic characteristics of colistin sulfonate. Drug release from these microaggregates was confirmed by jitting the dissolution data to the equation of Peppas; this resulted in an n value of 0.9791, signifying zero-order kinetics. | eng_Latn | 26,338 |
Influnence of electropulsing annealing on atom binding force of Fe-Si-B amorphous | Structure relaxation occurred in Fe 78 Si 9B 13 amorphous treated by ultrashort electropulsing. The crystallization activation energy has been calculated by DTA and Kissinger equation.The variety of the zero recoil fraction has been investigated by Mssbauer spectroscopy. The result shows that the crystallization activation energy and the zero recoil fraction decreased when the electropulsing density and frequency increased. It indicated that the atom binding force of Fe 78 Si 9B 13 amorphous decreased accordingly. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,339 |
Effect of Temperature on Stress-Optical Properties of Styrene Butadiene Block Copolymers | Abstract Stress, strain, and optical properties of three elastomeric styrene butadiene block copolymers containing 31, 40 and 49 wt per cent styrene were studied as a function of temperature. Mechanical and optical properties indicate that these materials are two phase systems in which the polybutadiene chains form an elastomeric phase and the polystyrene a glassy phase with the latter providing physical crosslinks. Birefringence measurements indicate that decreases in modulus and strength of these materials are associated with decrease in concentration of elastically effective network chains. Independence of stress-optical coefficient of temperature suggests that the decrease in concentration of elastically effective chains is not due to onset of rubberlike behavior or flow within the polystyrene regions themselves, at least for temperatures below about 70° C. Rather, the decrease seems to be associated with increased mobility of the polybutadiene chains at higher temperatures, which also leads to an inc... | Abstract The overall aim of this chapter is to provide an introduction to thermodynamics of protein solutions applied to understanding how cosolvents, such as salts, osmolytes, or denaturants, impact upon protein stability and denaturation and protein phase behavior. This is especially relevant for any type of protein formulation or in bioseparation processes where a key variable is the cosolvent composition, which often needs to be manipulated to maintain protein stability and/or control protein solubility. The emphasis is on a molecular perspective, which is achieved by relating thermodynamic properties to protein–solvent and protein–protein interactions. Using a molecular approach provides a link through knowledge of intermolecular interactions between protein solution behavior and the protein physicochemical properties and solvent conditions, which, in turn, allows for some level of predictability. | eng_Latn | 26,340 |
Porous carbons cast from meso- or nonporous silica nanoparticles | Porous carbons prepared from MCM-41 or MCM-48 silica spheres as nano-cast possess uniform pore diameter similar to that of the mesoporous silica wall thickness, while carbons from non-porous silica spheres or from Aerosil show wide pore size distributions. Using MCM-41 or MCM-48 spheres as cast, the parcial preservation of the silica structure in the obtained carbons indicates interconnected mesopores, which is supported by the occurrence of the tensile strength effect. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,341 |
The survival of Legionella pneumophila in dilute metalworking fluids | L. pneumophila, the causative organism of both Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever, has been occasionally isolated from dilute metalworking fluids. These contaminated fluids have been associated with sporadic incidences of these diseases in workshop environments. This paper examines the survival of L. pneumophila in several metalworking fluids under laboratory conditions. In the fluids tested L. pneumophila did not multiply but was reduced in numbers. The rate of decline in viability varied from fluid to fluid and between fresh and spoiled fluids. The use of biocides to control L. pneumophila in metalworking fluids is examined. Biocides are postulated as a method of maintaining a hostile environment for potentially pathogenic organisms as well as controlling any microbially induced problems such as foul odours, slimes and biocorrosion. | Our recent nanoindentation measurements on phage lambda, revealed an evolutionary optimization of DNA density in viral capsid. Based on these experimental data, we proposed that water hydrating DNA in the capsid, provides significant support against external capsid deformation at wild-type DNA packing density. Shorter DNA length mutants are on the other hand two times weaker just like empty capsids. In this work, we perform a stringent test of this assumption. DNA hydration force can be dramatically decreased by addition of multivalent ions (here Mg2+ and Sp4+). Indeed, AFM measurements demonstrate that spring constant for wt-DNA phage lambda decreases to a value of an empty capsid upon addition of multivalent salt compared to the “zero-added-salt” value obtained in the previous work. This data is systematically analyzed with DNA hydration model and further comparison is made with phage fi29. | eng_Latn | 26,342 |
A Library of Thermoresponsive, Coacervate-Forming Biodegradable Polyesters | We report on a new class of thermoresponsive biodegradable polyesters (TR-PE) inspired by polyacrylamides and elastin-like proteins (ELPs). The polyesters display reversible phase transition with tunable cloud point temperatures (Tcp) in aqueous solution as evidenced by UV–vis spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and DLS measurements. These polyesters form coacervate droplets above their lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The Tcp of the polyesters is influenced by the solutes such as urea, SDS, and NaCl. The Tcp of the copolymers shows a linear correlation with the composition of the polyesters indicating the ability to tune the phase change temperature. We also show that such thermoresponsive coacervates are capable of encapsulating small molecules such as Nile Red. Furthermore, the polyesters are hydrolytically degradable. | An estimate is made of the coefficient of heat transfer from the hearth and hot blast to the tuyere surfaces on blast-furnace No. 5 at the NLMK combine. Heat losses are calculated for a tuyere lined with a mullitecorundum bulk refractory on its blast-channel side and a tuyere lined with an insert made of a composite: a carbon fabric with an SiC coating. The tuyere with the composite insert passed tests conducted on furnace No. 5 at the NLMK. | eng_Latn | 26,343 |
Dissolved carbohydrates in seawater. I, A precise spectrophotometric analysis for monosaccharides | A relatively precise and rapid method for the analysis of total dissolved monosaccharides at the concentrations that occur in seawater is described which uses 1-ml quantities for each analytical and control replicate. The alditols remain unchanged while the pentoses and hexoses are reduced to the alditol form by borohydride. The total alditols are then oxidized with periodate to form two moles of formaldehyde per mole of monosaccharide and the formaldehyde is determined spectrophotometrically with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH). Unlike other spectrophotometric methods, similar curves are obtained for equimolar concentrations of different carbohydrates while the differences on a weight basis are only due to the small difference in molecular weight between pentoses and hexoses. Winter—Spring samples from surface waters of lower Narragansett Bay ranged from 122 to 226 μg l−1 with a mean of 159 μg l−1. | The self-assembly of patterned nanostructures in solution-processed thin films with multiphase block-copolymers is successful. Generation of small and well-defined regular structures directly from single-phase polymer films is challenging. Here, a 2-dimensional (2D) patterned array of single-phase polymers was self-assembled by a solution process. One-dimensional spinodal precipitation with a characteristic wavelength was achieved along a pinned contact line of the drying solution to form a one-dimensional periodic structure (1DPS) via geometry and concentration confinement. The latter was uncovered from the liquid by sequential depinning and repinning of the contact line. A new 1DPS with an inherited phase re-emerged and triggered depinning and repinning. The process was self-repeated and a 2D array was formed with a tuneable lattice type and parameters, which was governed by the interference of two concentration-modulated waves. | eng_Latn | 26,344 |
Potential energy surfaces for gas-phase SN2 reactions involving nitriles and substituted nitriles. | The stationary points on the potential energy surfaces for a number of gas-phase S N 2 reactions have been determined using a combination of pulsed ionization high-pressure mass spectrometry. MP2/6-311++G**// B3LYP/6-311+G** calculations are shown to provide excellent agreement with the experimentally determined values, providing confidence for the use of this computational method to predict values that are not available experimentally. The binding in the halide/nitrile complexes has been described in the past as either hydrogen bonding or electrostatic bonding. The trends in the binding energies observed here, though, cannot be rationalized in terms of simply hydrogen bonding or ion-dipole bonding but a mixture of the two. The computed structures support the description of binding as a mixture of hydrogen bonding and ion-dipole bonding. | Epitaxial polymerization of acetylene was studied using systematic series of homologous isomorphic compounds as substrates for the purpose of establishing techniques for preparing well oriented polyacetylenes. From electron microscopy, it was confirmed that polyacetylenes grow on the substrate in the form of fibrils whose orientation is strongly dependent on the lattice matching between polyacetylene and substrate crystals: e.g. with naphthalene and anthracene as substrates the fibrils assume zigzag orientation in three specific directions on the crystal but with biphenyl and terphenyl the zigzag fibrils assume predominantly two specific directions. The mechanism of epitaxial growth during polymerization on the various substrates is discussed on the basis of the features of the epitaxial fibrils. | eng_Latn | 26,345 |
Positron beam studies of argon irradiated CdS thin films | Depth profiling studies of defects in CdS thin films using a low energy positron beam are reported. CdS films of 1 μm thickness on a glass substrate have been grown using the chemical bath deposition method and irradiated with 140 keV Ar ions to doses of 5×1014 and 5×1016 cm−2, respectively. The Doppler broadening line shape S parameter in as-grown and irradiated films has been monitored as a function of positron beam energy Ep. S vs Ep curves have been analyzed, using a positron diffusion model in terms of annihilations at surface, epithermal and bulk states. The S parameter at the surface (Ss) is found to be significantly higher than that in the bulk. This is understood as due to positron trapping at a large concentration of Cd vacancies in the surface region, which act as acceptors. The observed reduction of Ss with increasing Ar ion dose seems to indicate the formation of antisite defects in the surface region, brought about by irradiation. At sample depths corresponding to the peak damage layers, the... | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,346 |
Spinodal decomposition of expanding nuclear matter and multifragmentation | Density fluctuations of expanding nuclear matter are studied within a mean-field model in which fluctuations are generated by an external stochastic field. Fluctuations develop about a mean one-body phase-space density corresponding to a hydrodinamic motion that describes a slow expansion of the system. A fluctuation-dissipation relation suitable for a uniformly expanding medium is obtained and used to constrain the strength of the stochastic field. The distribution of the liquid domains in the spinodal decomposition is derived. Comparison of the related distribution of the fragment size with experimental data on the nuclear multifragmentation is quite satisfactory. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,347 |
Reactions of furoxanyl and furazanyl diazonium salts with NaNO2 in weakly acidic medium, a new approach to the preparation of nitrofuroxans and nitrofurazans | A new approach to the preparation of nitrofuroxans and nitrofurazans is suggested based on the diazotization of aminofuroxans and aminofurazans in aqueous organic medium at pH = 4–5 in the presence of excess NaNO2. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,348 |
Multiple closed avulsions of flexor tendons of the hand caused by a firecracker blast. | Closed avulsion, in the absence of pathology, of both flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis tendons from the same finger is uncommon. We report a multiple closed avulsion of long fingers flexor tendons, associated with pulleys rupture in the left hand of a healthy, 16-year-old boy. The lesion was caused by a firecracker blast which the patient had tried to hide. No injuries were found in the volar or dorsal areas of the hand. All affected flexor tendons were reinserted; in addition, second and third digits fourth annular pulleys were resutured to prevent posterior bowstringing. At present, the patient has completely recovered his range of motion and has obtained his driver license. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,349 |
[Botulinum toxin for palatal myoclonus and spastic dysphonia]. | Botulinum toxin (B; Botox), produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum, causes temporary paralysis by blocking the presynaptic release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. This action is clinically used to alleviate muscle spasm by injecting the toxin directly into the overactive muscle. We report our experience with B injections in 2 women, aged 20 and 21, respectively, 1 of whom had bilateral palatal myoclonus and the other adductor spastic dysphonia. Both showed remarkable improvement of conditions for which, until now, we had no effective treatment. These are the first cases in Israel treated with B for otorhinolaryngological conditions. | Controlling the emergence of the desired polymorphic form in crystal growth is of importance for both understanding the phenomenon of polymorphism and practical applications, but remains a great challenge as well. Herein, two polymorphs of cyano substituted distyrylbenzene (CN-DSB) are obtained as the crystals grow from chlorobenzene solution (Form I, blue fluorescence) and from its vapor (Form II, green fluorescence). Single-crystal X-ray analysis for the two crystal forms shows unambiguous evidence that the distinctive feature of molecules in both crystal forms is their difference in torsion angles of peripheral phenyl segments. A computational study addresses that the controllable growth of polymorphs can be rationalized on the basis of structural relationships with torsion potential under different external conditions. Our demonstration of single-crystal growth by tuning subtle external conditions illustrates a controllable process of obtaining conformational polymorphs. | eng_Latn | 26,350 |
Poly(sulphopropylbetaines): 2. Dilute solution properties | Solution properties of a series of aromatic (5 × 103 < Mw < 2.5 × 105) and aliphatic (106 < Mw < 1.2 × 107) poly(sulphopropylbetaines) have been investigated by examining three complementary phenomena: (a) solubility in organic protic solvents; (b) water solubility promoted by various (cloud point titrations), with special emphasis on the influence of the anion polarizability and a comparison between Na+ and Ca++; (c) hydrodynamic and morphological properties in aqueous NaCl solutions at 25°C, as derived from the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada relations. Chain expansion is a slightly increasing function of the NaCl concentration (≤1 M) but it remains, however, relatively low, even for high molecular weights (αη < 1.15). With respect to the polymeric amino precursors, the zwitterionic group enhances chain rigidity (steric factor σ), as a result of its steric hindrance and specific dipolar interactions between neighbouring units. | Magnetic microsphere suspensions undergo complex motion when exposed to finite sources of the magnetic field, such as small permanent magnets. The computational complexity is compounded by a difficulty in choosing a suitable choice of visualization tools because this often requires using the magnetic force vector field in three dimensions. Here we present a potentially simpler approach by using the magnetic pressure. It is a scalar quantity, pm = B2/2μ0, and its usefulness has been already demonstrated in applications to magnetohydrodynamics and ferrohydrodynamics (where B is the applied field and μ0 = 4π×10−7T.m/A). The equilibrium distribution of the magnetic bead plug in aqueous suspension is calculated as an isosurface of the magnitude of the magnetic pressure pm = const, in the field of two permanent magnet blocks calculated from closed formulas. The geometry was adapted from a publication on the magnetic bead suspensions in microsystems and the predicted bead plug distribution is shown to agree rema... | eng_Latn | 26,351 |
Decontamination of Empty Antilouse Cotton Sacks | An experiment was conducted to determine the value of different cleaning solutions for decontaminating cotton sacks that had contained antilouse powders. All three insecticides (DDT, BHC, and malathion) tested were found to be more persistent to washing with tap water alone. When regular soap, washing soda, and caustic soda were used for washing, malathion loss was more significant than the loss of DDT and BHC. The use of detergents for decontamination of empty sacks is effective and the cost involved in time and material makes the procedure practical. Use of nonoxynol (Berol detergent) at 1%, 2%, or 5% concentration can be relied upon to be 91.85%, 93.89%, and 99.09% efficient in removing the highly contaminating DDT residues from sacks. Since minute amounts of insecticides were found after washing, advantage could be taken of the toxic effect of the remaining residue for pestproofing purposes. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,352 |
Dipole-Dipole Interaction in a Helical Molecular Aggregate | The formation and dynamics of excitations in an atomic or molecular nano chain of a helical shape are studied. The dipole-dipole interaction between the circular polarizations of the optical transitions of neighboring molecules is taken into account. The derived Bloch equations are solved in a continuum approximation using the Frenet–Serret coordinate system. Solutions are obtained that describe the formation of stable localized structures (solitons) due to the curvature of the chain, which can have a critical influence on the luminescent properties of the chiral medium. | ABSTRACT Microemulsion regions in systems of commercial nonionic surfactant, water and aliphatic hydrocarbon have been determined. The influence of hydrocarbon chain length, nature of surfactant and temperature in microemulsion formation was studied. Textile deter-gency tests of these microemulsions, in conditions of minimum mechanical energy and at low temperature showed that they are highly efficient to promote soil removal. | eng_Latn | 26,353 |
Metal-Dependent Self-Assembly of a Microbial Surfactant | Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to study the metal-dependent phase behavior of microbially produced surfactantsmarinobactins B, D, and E (MB, MD, and ME). Marinobactins A−E are siderophores that facilitate Fe(III) acquisition by the source bacterium through the coordination of Fe(III) by the peptidic headgroup. All of the marinobactins have the same six amino acid headgroup but differ in the length and saturation of the monoalkyl fatty acid tail. Fe(III) coordinated to ME (Fe(III)−ME) was found to form micelles with a diameter of ∼3.5 nm that underwent a supramolecular transformation to produce a monodisperse population of vesicles with an average diameter ranging from ∼90 to 190 nm upon addition of Cd(II), Zn(II), or La(III). SANS profiles of the transition-metal-induced phase exhibit a Bragg peak at QB ≈ 0.11−0.12 A-1 and were fit to a SANS model for multilamellar vesicles that have an interbilayer... | Abstract A new saponin has been isolated from the molluscicidal extract of the fruits of Tetrapleura tetraptera . Chemical, enzymatic and spectral methods (D/CIMS, 1 H, 13 C NMR) showed that it was a monodesmosidic diglycoside of the rare sapogenin 27-hydroxyolean-12(13)-en-28-oic acid. | eng_Latn | 26,354 |
Erratum: "Pairwise-additive force fields for selected aqueous monovalent ions from adaptive force matching" [J. Chem. Phys. 143, 194505 (2015)]. | We made a mistake when we calculated the ΔGODL correction term.1 Although the mistake does not change the salt solvation free energies, it changes the single ion hydration free energies and significantly reduces the need for the fudge factor. With the correct ΔGODL, the optimal fudge factor became 8 kJ/mol for the cations and −8 kJ/mol for the anions. These values are smaller than the experimental uncertainties in determining single ion hydration free energies. The updated Table TableIVIV is provided below. | Viruses protect their genomes by enclosing them into protein capsids that sometimes contain lipid bilayers that either reside above or below the protein layer. Controlled dissociation of virions provides important information on virion composition, interactions, and stoichiometry of virion components, as well as their possible role in virus life cycles. Dissociation of viruses can be achieved by using various chemicals, enzymatic treatments, and incubation conditions. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) is a gentle method where the separation is based on size. Here, we applied AF4 for controlled dissociation of enveloped bacteriophage φ6. Our results indicate that AF4 can be used to assay the efficiency of the dissociation process and to purify functional subviral particles. | eng_Latn | 26,355 |
Basidiospore formation in a mutant of incompatibility factors and in mutants that arrest at meta-anaphase I inCoprinus cinereus | Abstract The processes of meiosis and basidiospore formation in a double mutant of A and B incompatibility factors of Coprinus cinereus (Amut Bmut) have been shown to be fundamentally similar to those in the wild-type dikaryon except for a 1-h delay. Six sporulation-deficient mutants were induced in the Amut Bmut strain in which premeiotic DNA replication did not occur and meiosis was arrested at meta-anaphase I. | Nowadays, high-throughput analysis of biological events is a great challenge which could take benefit of the recent development of microarray devices. The great potential of such technology is related to the availability of a chip bearing a large set of probes, stable and easy to obtain, and suitable for ligand-binding detection. Here, we describe a new method based on polypyrrole chemistry, allowing the covalent immobilization of peptides in a microarray format and on a gold surface compatible with the use of surface plasmon resonance. This technique is then illustrated by the detection and characterization of antibodies induced by hepatitis C virus and present in patients' serums. | eng_Latn | 26,356 |
Protonic metallization of the monoclinic phase in VO2 films | It is shown that a stable metallic phase of monoclinic symmetry arises in a hydrogenated vanadium dioxide film at room temperature. This means that hydrogenation of a VO2 film initiates the electronic phase transition to the metallic phase, which is not accompanied with a structural transition to the tetragonal phase. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,357 |
Raman and X-Ray Studies of Single Crystals of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine | Abstract Large single crystals (7 mm × 2 mm × 5 μm) of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine have been crystallized at low water concentration from organic solution. A combination of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy has been used to examine lipid molecular orientation in these crystals. The polarizability tensors of the Raman active vibrational modes of the hydrocarbon chains have been determined. The data indicate that the hydrocarbon chains are all-trans and tilted away from the normal to the lipid bilayers. This hydrocarbon chain tilt contributes to the biaxiality of these low-water lipid crystals. These crystals can be hydrated by exposing them to water partial pressures above 70% relative humidity. Upon hydration, the biaxiality dramatically decreases and the 49.3 [ddot] long spacing increases to 58 [ddot], suggesting a decreased hydrocarbon chain tilt. The hydrated crystals appear to remain optically homogeneous, suggesting that they remain single crystals. | Resumen en: Mitochondria of muscle fibers isolated from the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of rats subjected to a phosphorus deficient diet show diverse structura... | eng_Latn | 26,358 |
The Gum Exudation Amount of Elaeagnus Angustifolia Under the Different Types of Wound | Different trials of gum exudation of Elaeagnus angustifolia with different types of wound was done.It was illustrated that more gum could be gotten using the artificial approach making a wound on the mature trunk or on the tree tumor of aged one.Furthermore,the quantity of gum would increase with the increasing of the wound number. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,359 |
Cigarette filter tipping film comprising a biodegradable substrate | The present invention concerns an at least partially transparent cigarette filter tipping film comprising a biodegradable substrate, and softener in an amount of less than 25% by weight of the biodegradable substrate, and a cigarette filter comprising a filtration material encased in a cylinder of the said tipping film. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,360 |
Focused deposition of electrospun polymer fibers | Control possibility of the electrospinning process appears to be one of the most challenging tasks in the manufacturing of fibrous structures. At the same time, its versatility and simplicity make electrospinning one of the most popular nanotechnology method for the production of one-dimensional nanostructures. In this study, focused electrospinning of nylon, polylactic acid-copoly-caprolactone (PLACL), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) fibers is thoughtfully studied. It has been found that electric field modification by electrostatic lenses, capillary-nozzle tip-to-collector electrode distance, and polymer-solvent composition are the critical parameters to achieve small deposition spots with good fibers quality. Upon optimization, nylon, PLACL, and PVC fibers deposition to fabricate a confined area with less than 4 mm, diameter and fibers stripes with a width of 0.15 mm are achieved. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012 | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,361 |
Kinetics of the decomposition of cellulose xanthate in spinning viscose films into sulfuric acid precipitation baths | Rate constants for the decomposition reactions of cellulose xanthate have been determined in spinning viscose films into sulfuric acid baths having acid concentrations of 100–1100 g/liter. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,362 |
Rogue events in the group velocity | The concept of rogue waves arises from a mysterious and potentially calamitous phenomenon of oceanicsurfaces. There is mounting evidence that they are actually commonplace in a variety of different physicalsettings.Asetofdefiningcriteriahasbeenadvanced;thissetisofgreatgeneralityandthereforeapplicabletoawideclassofsystems.Thequestionarisesnaturallywhethertherearegenericmechanismsresponsibleforextremeeventsindifferentsystems.Herewearguethatundersuitablecircumstancesnonlinearinteractionbetweenweakandstrongwavesresultsinintermittentgiantwaveswithallthesignaturesofroguewaves.Toobtainthesecircumstancesonlyafewbasicconditionsmustbemet.Thenreflectionofwavesattheso-calledgroup-velocity horizon occurs. The connection between rogue waves and event horizons, seeminglyunrelated physical phenomena, is identified as a feature common in many different physical systems. | External control of the swimming speed of `active particles' can be used to self assemble designer structures in situ on the micrometer to millimeter scale. We demonstrate such reconfigurable templated active self assembly in a fluid environment using light powered strains of Escherichia coli. The physics and biology controlling the sharpness and formation speed of patterns is investigated using a bespoke fast-responding strain. | eng_Latn | 26,363 |
Molecular Thermodynamics of Protein Systems | Abstract The overall aim of this chapter is to provide an introduction to thermodynamics of protein solutions applied to understanding how cosolvents, such as salts, osmolytes, or denaturants, impact upon protein stability and denaturation and protein phase behavior. This is especially relevant for any type of protein formulation or in bioseparation processes where a key variable is the cosolvent composition, which often needs to be manipulated to maintain protein stability and/or control protein solubility. The emphasis is on a molecular perspective, which is achieved by relating thermodynamic properties to protein–solvent and protein–protein interactions. Using a molecular approach provides a link through knowledge of intermolecular interactions between protein solution behavior and the protein physicochemical properties and solvent conditions, which, in turn, allows for some level of predictability. | Successive temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) after temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) (Combined TPR-TPD) was performed in order to characterize supported platinum catalysts (Pt/SiO2, Pt/A... | eng_Latn | 26,364 |
Biotransformation of the antidepressant DL-rolipram. I. Isolation and identification of metabolites from rat, monkey, and human urine. | The metabolic pathway of DL-rolipram was studied in two animal species and in man. Metabolites were isolated from rat, rhesus monkey, and from human urine by preparative HPLC and identified by MS and NMR analysis. In total, the structures of 7 degradation products could be elucidated. Rolipram was metabolized by ether cleavage at the methoxy and cyclopentyloxy groups and by hydroxylation in positions 2 or 3 of the cyclopentyloxy ring followed by sulphation. Additionally, but exclusively in man, the 5-position of the pyrrolidone ring was hydroxylated. | Dendrimers have tremendous potential application in the construction of novel nanocomposite materials. Thus, it is of great importance to understand the dendrimer–surface interaction. In this work, we have used fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to study the behavior of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers adsorbed on the polarizable model of the gold surface. The structural properties of a single adsorbed PAMAM dendrimer as well after film formation were considered at three different solution pH’s. Based on calculated structural features such as radius of gyration, asphericity, distribution of terminal groups, and solvent-accessible surface area, we find that with an increase in pH dendrimers adopt a more compact, compressed structure. Moreover, the structure of individual dendrimers can undergo a further transition after aggregation compared to the isolated polymer. | eng_Latn | 26,365 |
ATP-activated cationic and anionic conductances in cultured rat hippocampal neurons | Abstract The effects of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) on voltage-clamped and dissociated rat hippocampal neurons was investigated. Over 30% of neurons possessed ATP-activated inward currents at a holding potential of −70 mV. The ED 50 for these currents was 150 μM. At this concentration they were blocked by suramin (1 mM), indicating the involvement of P2-purinoceptors. The P2 purinoceptor agonist potency was 2-methylthio ATP > ATP > ADP > α,β-methylene ATP, thus identifying these purinoceptors as belonging to the P2x subclass. The reversal potential for the ATP-activated currents was −45 ± 8 mV. Ion substitution experiments showed that the permeability ratio for K + /Na + /Cs + /Cl − , was 18:3:2:1, according to the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, so that ATP activates cationic and anionic conductances in hippocampal neurons. | Room-temperature ionic liquids are promising media for next-generation energy devices because of their various superior characteristics. Because device performance is often dictated by the solvation structures at the solid–liquid interfaces, particularly at the local reactive sites, their atomistic pictures are in great demand. However, there has been no experimental technique for their three-dimensional solvation structures. Here, we first demonstrate the measurement of the atomic-scale ionic liquids using a recently established ultralow-noise three-dimensional frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy technique supported by molecular dynamics simulations. We conducted the experiments in protic and aprotic aqueous solutions and reveal that the aprotic solvation structure exhibits the higher site specificity, which resolves atomic-scale surface charge distribution on mica because of the absence of the H-bonding network. Our methodology is also applicable to pure liquids and would be a breakthrough for ... | eng_Latn | 26,366 |
Flavobacterium heparinum sulphamidase for D-glucosamine sulphamate. Purification and characterisation | A novel assay has been developed for 2-deoxy-2-sulphamido-d-glucose (GlcNS) sulphamidase from Flavobacterium heparinum. This has enabled the 1930-fold purification of the enzyme from a soluble fraction of bacterial homogenate. ::: ::: ::: ::: From SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the enzyme was shown to have a relative molecular mass of 81 500. Ca2+ was essential for enzyme activity. Inorganic phosphate and sulphate inhibited activity by 28% and 29% respectively at 5 mmol dm−3. The purified sulphamidase had a pH optimum of 7.0 and a Km of 8.32 μmol dm−3 for GlcNS. ::: ::: ::: ::: The degradation of 2-deoxy-2-sulphamido-6-O-sulpho-D-glucose (GlcNS-6S) was also re-investigated. The two sulphate groups were hydrolysed sequentially in a single non-bifurcate manner, in contrast to previous reports [Dietrich, C. P., Silva, M. E. and Michelacci, Y. M. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 6408–6415]. | Our recent nanoindentation measurements on phage lambda, revealed an evolutionary optimization of DNA density in viral capsid. Based on these experimental data, we proposed that water hydrating DNA in the capsid, provides significant support against external capsid deformation at wild-type DNA packing density. Shorter DNA length mutants are on the other hand two times weaker just like empty capsids. In this work, we perform a stringent test of this assumption. DNA hydration force can be dramatically decreased by addition of multivalent ions (here Mg2+ and Sp4+). Indeed, AFM measurements demonstrate that spring constant for wt-DNA phage lambda decreases to a value of an empty capsid upon addition of multivalent salt compared to the “zero-added-salt” value obtained in the previous work. This data is systematically analyzed with DNA hydration model and further comparison is made with phage fi29. | eng_Latn | 26,367 |
DIVALENT CATION-ACTIVATED-ATPASE AND ECTO 5'-NUCLEOTIDASE ACTIVITIES IN CHRONIC TONSILLITIS | The activities of two ectoenzymes, Mg2+-ATPase (ATPase) and 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) from tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were investigated in idiopathic tonsillar hyperplasia and recurrent tonsillitis. The ATPase activity of TMC was significantly higher in recurrent tonsillitis than in idiopathic tonsillar hyperplasia, whereas no difference was demonstrated in ATPase activity of PBMC. The activity of 5'-NT was similar in both investigated groups. However, ATPase and 5'-NT activities were significantly higher in TMC compared to PBMC. Such results suggest a possible role of ATPase in the activation of TMC during the course of chronic tonsillitis and indicate a difference in the function of TMC and PBMC. | Our recent nanoindentation measurements on phage lambda, revealed an evolutionary optimization of DNA density in viral capsid. Based on these experimental data, we proposed that water hydrating DNA in the capsid, provides significant support against external capsid deformation at wild-type DNA packing density. Shorter DNA length mutants are on the other hand two times weaker just like empty capsids. In this work, we perform a stringent test of this assumption. DNA hydration force can be dramatically decreased by addition of multivalent ions (here Mg2+ and Sp4+). Indeed, AFM measurements demonstrate that spring constant for wt-DNA phage lambda decreases to a value of an empty capsid upon addition of multivalent salt compared to the “zero-added-salt” value obtained in the previous work. This data is systematically analyzed with DNA hydration model and further comparison is made with phage fi29. | yue_Hant | 26,368 |
Piso – Triquetral Arthrosis as a Cause of Rupture of the Profundus Tendon of the Little Finger | This case report describes a previously unreported cause of profundus rupture of the little finger due to arthrosis of the piso-triquetral joint. With heightened awareness of this entity, it is hoped that delays in diagnosis will be avoided. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,369 |
Characteristics of different molecular weight EPS fractions from mixed culture dominated by AnAOB and their role in binding metal ions | Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorbance spectra were adopted to quantify the binding of metal ions (e.g., Fe(III), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II)) on three MW fractions (> 100, 10~100, and 100 and 10~100 kDa, very likely because of the contribution of the tyrosine-, tryptophan-, and aromatic protein-like components. It was obvious that the different size fractions of EPS affect the metal binding ability. Essentially, the content of proteins, polysaccharides, TOC, and UVA254 distributed within various MW fractions of EPS from AnAOB were different, as well as the different fluorescent components and total functional groups. | Abstract Methods of estimating the concentration of effective network chains from the stress—strain behaviour of elastomers both dry and swollen in solvents are discussed. It is pointed out that while measurements in uniaxial extension are more difficult to carry out experimentally than measurements in uniaxial compression, they are preferred because they can provide more information about the behaviour of the elastomer. An equation is presented for relating the stress—strain behaviour of swollen composites containing inert fillers to the behaviour of a gum having the same degree of crosslinking; experimental data on SBR—glass bead composites are presented which indicate that the equation is applicable. | eng_Latn | 26,370 |
Rhizosphere microbiota assemblage associated with wild and cultivated soybeans grown in three types of soil suspensions | ABSTRACTSoil microbial community composition is determined by the soil type and the plant species. By sequencing the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons, the current study assessed the bacterial community assemblage in rhizosphere and bulks soils of wild (Glycine soja) and cultivated (Glycine max) soybeans grown in the suspensions of three important soil types in China, including black, red and soda-saline-alkali soils. The alpha-diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere was significantly higher than that of the bulk soils suggesting that bulk soil lacks plant nurturing effect under the current study conditions. Black and red soils were enriched with nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria but the soda-saline-alkali soil suspension had more denitrifying bacteria, which may reflect agronomic unsuitability of the latter. We also observed a high abundance of Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas, enriched cellulolytic bacteria, as well as a highly connected molecular ecological netwo... | AbstractTo understand how cells respond to the nanoscale extracellular environment in vivo, cells from various sources have been cultured on nanoscale patterns fabricated using bottom-up and top-down techniques. Human fetal osteoblasts (hFOBs) and stem cells are some of them and they are known to be overtly responsive to nanoscale topographies – allowing us to investigate the hows and whys of the response in vitro. Information gathered from these in vitro studies could be used to control the cells, i.e. make the stem cells differentiate or retain their characteristics without the use of medium supplements. In this review, hFOB and stem cell responses to nanotopographies are summarized and discussed to shed some light on the influence of patterns on the reactions. Although both types of cells are responsive to nanoscale topographies, the responses are found to be unique to topographical dimension, shape, orientation and the types of cells used. This implies that cellular responses are influenced by multitu... | eng_Latn | 26,371 |
Biopolymer-Based Gel Casting of Ferroelectric Ceramics | Ferroelectric ceramics have a wide range of industrial applications. While components can be formed through simple ‘press and sinter’ approaches, there is an increasing need for more flexible processing methods. Suspension based forming promotes greater homogeneity, through elimination of processing defects, and allows the formation of more complex shaped components. In the present work, the application of aqueous gel casting technologies is reviewed, and in particular the use of natural biopolymers as gelation aids for such approaches. Recent studies of the application of such technology to complex shape forming of BaTiO3 ferroelectric ceramics are examined. Emphasis is placed upon a simple subtractive rapid prototyping method, utilizing aqueous gel casting in combination with green machining. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,372 |
Ultra wide band CPW-fed printed pentagonal antenna with modified ground plane for UWB applications | In this paper, we present a novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed printed pentagonal monopole antenna for ultra wideband communications. The antenna is fabricated on a 1.59 mm thick FR-4 (relative permittivity of 4.4) substrate. The antenna structure is analyzed using a transmission line matrix (TLM) method based Flomerics Micro-Stripes (version 7.5). The measured 10 dB return loss impedance bandwidth of the fabricated antenna is approximately 8.16:1. The fabricated antenna exhibits omni-directional radiation pattern and the measured results show a good agreement with the simulated one. It has been demonstrated numerically and experimentally that this antenna is suitable for ultra-wideband (UWB)/ IEEE 802.16a applications. | We describe the use of an amphiphilic macromolecular brush based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(d,l-lactide) (PLA) as a stabilizer of hydrophobic solutes. The brush, which in solution adopted an extended backbone conformation consequent with excluded volume effects of the side chains, retained an elongated character in water following the hydrophobic collapse of PLA and the backbone triggered by a rapid change in solvent quality. However, in the presence of hydrophobic solutes at low concentrations in a homogeneous environment, the brush formed spherical unimolecular nanoparticles achieving high solute encapsulation efficiency. As solute content increased and exceeded what appears to be a limit for intramolecular solubilization, intermolecular assembly took place along with the formation of large aggregates, the properties of which were highly dependent on the solute. This first observation of the solute-triggered unimolecular collapse of an amphiphilic macromolecular brush should find important ... | eng_Latn | 26,373 |
Theoretical construction of thermodynamic relations for a solvent-controlled phase transition to improve the bioavailability of drugs: A case study of indomethacin | The thermodynamic aspects of the polymorphic phase transition from {\alpha}-indomethacin to {\gamma}-indomethacin are the fundamental key to find the most bioavailable phase of indomethacin. In the present work, varying the temperature and solvent permittivity changes the polymorphic transitions. Hence, the thermodynamic properties such as enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy of both indomethacin polymorphs are determined in terms of the solvent permittivity as functions of indomethacin's temperature in a vacuum, which are crucially related to the stability, spontaneity, and reversibility of the polymorphic transformation. | Tailor-made additives are generally designed by optimizing the chemical compatibility between an adsorbing additive and a flat crystalline surface. Crystal growth, however, mainly takes place at step edges where growth units incorporate into the advancing step. In this paper, a new method is introduced that quantifies the importance of all possible growth site configurations from Monte Carlo crystal growth simulations, taking the crystalline surface, steps, and other configurations into account. This allows the identification of growth site configurations that are good candidates for a blocking strategy using tailor-made additives. Application to an anisotropic Kossel model shows that the importance of growth sites at step edges is equal to or higher than the importance of growth sites at a flat crystalline surface. As a “real-world” example, aspartame phase II-A, which has a needle-like morphology, is studied. When comparing the needle side faces with faces on top of the needle, it turns out that there a... | eng_Latn | 26,374 |
Cooperative mechanism for anchoring highly polar molecules at an ionic surface | Structure formation of the highly polar molecule cytosine on the (111) cleavage plane of calcium fluoride is investigated in ultrahigh vacuum using noncontact atomic force microscopy at room temperature. Molecules form well-defined trimer structures, covering the surface as homogeneously distributed stable structures. Density-functional theory calculations yield a diffusion barrier of about 0.5 eV for individual molecules suggesting that they are mobile at room temperature. Furthermore, it is predicted that the molecules can form trimers in a configuration allowing all molecules to attain their optimum adsorption position on the substrate. As the trimer geometry facilitates hydrogen bonding between the molecules within the trimer, we conclude that the stabilization of individual diffusing molecules into stable trimers is due to a cooperative mechanism involving polar interactions between molecules and substrate as well as hydrogen bonding between molecules. | RESPECT THE INVENTION COMPOSITION HAVING organopolysiloxane ORGANOPOLYSILOXANE HAVING AT LEAST ONE RADICAL VINYL A organohydropolysiloxane, CATALYST COMPLEX METAL PLATINUM GROUP AND AT LEAST ONE INHIBITORS WHICH IS ORGANIC COMPOUND allene WITH BOILING POINT OF AT LEAST 25C. THE COMPOSITIONS ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION ARE USED TO MAKE MATERIAL NOT aDHERE TO OTHER MATERIALS TO WHICH normally adhere. | eng_Latn | 26,375 |
Biopolymers: Origin, Chemistry, and Biology | A brief statement concerning the way in which biopolymers may have originated in the nonbiological world is made, including experimental evidence. This also includes a discussion of such matters as the way in which the code might have originated, that is, the relationship between polypeptides and polynucleotides as well as the secondary and tertiary structure resulting from the primary structure determination. The importance of the interaction of biopolymers with lipids for the formation of limiting membranes, leading to the formation of cells and other self-organizing cellular type organelles, is discussed. Thus, the second critical physical-chemical problem for cellular organization, namely, the biopolymer-lipid interaction, is now coming under scrutiny, both in terms of synthetic systems as well as natural ones. | Polymer is a kind of rather special vocabulary in contempoary Chinese.They are quite active but paid little attention to.Based on the limited research of the predecessors the writer trys to do further inquiry into the concept,classification,and grammatical features of polymers,and trys to explore the law of internal morpheme's order from the tone. | deu_Latn | 26,376 |
Surface-induced phase transitions in ultrathin films of block copolymers | We study theoretically the lamellar-disorder-lamellar phase transitions of AB diblock and tetrablock copolymers confined in symmetric slitlike pores where the planar surface discriminatingly adsorbs A segments but repels B segments, mimicking the hydrophobic/hydrophilic effects that have been recently utilized for the fabrication of environmentally responsive “smart” materials. The effects of film thickness, polymer volume fraction, and backbone structure on the surface morphology have been investigated using a polymer density-functional theory. The surface-induced phase transition is manifested itself in a discontinuous switch of microdomains or a jump in the surface density dictated by the competition of surface adsorption and self-aggregation of the block copolymers. The surface-induced first-order phase transition is starkly different from the thickness-induced symmetric-asymmetric or horizontal-vertical transitions in thin films of copolymer melts reported earlier. | Abstract In situ composites can be obtained either by unidirectional eutectic solidification or by unidirectional solid- state decomposition. Techniques in the latter category are dealt with in this review. The solid-state growth methods may be classified, according to the state of the starting material, into (a) eutectoid decomposition, (b) discontinuous precipitation, or (c) growth from the noncrystalline state. Common to the three processes is the duplex microstructure which occurs, permitting alignment during growth in a temperature gradient. The author reviews the theory of the transformation, the experimental techniques, and the empirical parameters which have been reported in the literature. Emphasis is placed upon the relationships between interphase spacing and growth rate, and upon the potential discrepancies between growth rate and pulling rate. | eng_Latn | 26,377 |
Aluminum incorporation into magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) | Abstract The incorporation of aluminum in magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) phases was investigated. Magnesium (alumino) silicate hydrate (M-(A-)S-H) with Mg/Si ratios equal to 1.1 or 1.7 and Al/Si ranging from 0 to 0.2 were synthetized in batch experiments and equilibrated at 20, 50 and 70 °C. pH values between 9 and 10.5 were observed and aluminum up to Al/Si ~0.15–0.18 was incorporated in M-(A-)S-H. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR data showed that the M-(A-)S-H phases formed were similar to M-S-H with limited coherent size and a comparable polymerization degree of the tetrahedral silicates. Aluminum was incorporated in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites of M-S-H, while no aluminum was present as exchangeable cation on the surface sites. | Objective:To determine the optimized conditions for PCR amplification of DNA with rich GC in order to freely assemble modules or domains of polyketide synthase (PKS) in macrolide combinatorial biosynthesis.Methods:Formamide, glycerol, DMSO and Mg 2+ were added to the PCR amplification system and amplification system was chosen to optimize the conditions for PCR amplification of DNA with rich GC.Results:Formamide had no influence on PCR amplification of DNA with rich GC, while both glycerol and DMSO promoted output and specificity of PCR product, with 5%-10% DMSO showing the best effectiveness. When Roche Expand Long Template PCR System was used and 10% DMSO and extra 0.25?mmol/L Mg 2+ were added to buffer 2, 5?kb DNA with 73% GC content was amplified.Conclusion:With addition of DMSO and extra Mg 2+ to PCR system, at least 5?kb DNA with rich GC could be amplified, and that can meet the need to assemble any modules or domains in macrolide combinatorial biosynthesis. | eng_Latn | 26,378 |
Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation in FerromagneticPdCo and AntiferromagneticCrVCo andCrMoCo | The nuclear magnetic relaxation of 59 Co in dilute Cr 1- x V x Co (\(x{\lesssim}0.05\)) and Cr 1- x Mo x Co (\(x{\lesssim}0.25\)) alloys in the ordered state was investigated. T 1 is proportional to 1/ T in the region of T ≪ T N . T 1 T decreases rapidly with the decrease of the ordering temperature associated with the increase of x . This decrease of T 1 T with the decrease of the ordering temperature is generally observed in randomly ordered systems in metals irrespective of the ferro and antiferromagnet. Approximate model calculations based on the Weger mechanism, where the nuclear Zeeman energy relaxes to the kinetic energy of the conduction electrons via the virtual excitation of the spin waves, have been carried out in PdCo, whose T 1 was already measured, and in CrVCo alloys. The experimental results are explained qualitatively well by the Weger mechanism. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | yue_Hant | 26,379 |
On the calculation of force on a stationary evaporating sphere in the presence of another stationary sphere | Through the analogy between the present problem and a certain electrostatic problem, a simple expansion form for the force is obtained. The treatment used allows for the determination of the force to any desired accuracy as well as the limit of error in this determination. Computations can be easily done by desk calculations. | This chapter reviews recent findings that have revolutionized our understanding of the processes governing the retention of microbes and non-biological colloids in porous media under environmentally relevant conditions. The recent shift in our understanding of colloid retention in porous media is driven both by experimental findings and mechanistic simulations. The experimental data indicate previously unaccounted for influences of fluid drag and pore domain geometry on retention of biological and non-biological colloids in porous media. The mechanistic simulations are able to capture these processes when the pore domain geometry is altered to reflect the presence of grain-to-grain contacts and zones of flow stagnation in the porous media. These findings lay the foundation for improved theory to predict the retention of biological and non-biological colloids in porous media under environmentally-relevant conditions. | eng_Latn | 26,380 |
Synthesis,Structure and Magnetic Properties of One Dimensional Polymer {[Co(N_3)_2(dps)_2]·0.5H_2O}_n | A coordination polymer {[Co(N3)2(dps)2]·0.5H2O}n(1)(dps=dipyridin-4-ylsulfane) with one dimensional chains has been synthesized and the structure and magnetic properties were characterized.Complex 1 crystallizes belongs to monoclinic system and has space group P21/c.The CoⅡ ion is six-coordinated and located at a compressed octahedral environment due to the Jahn-Teller effect.The ligand of dps bridges between Co Ⅱ ions producing the infinite chains of Co…Co along a direction and,interestingly,four pyridyl groups of dps ligands form a propellershaped coordination geometry around CoⅡ ion with the same spiral within the chain.These 1D chains are further linked through the hydrogen bonds to generate a 3D supermolecular network.Magnetic studies indicated that complex 1 shows very weak antiferromagnetic coupling between CoⅡ ions in low temperature. | The morphologies of a diblock copolymer spherically confined within a homopolymer were investigated by using the static self-consistent field theory method. A homogeneous A-B diblock copolymer sphere was surrounded by a homopolymer C. Upon changing the diblock volume fraction, homopolymer molecular weight and the interaction between the copolymer and its surrounding environment, different morphologies of the sphere were observed. Our calculations confirmed that when the homopolymer molecular weight was high a complete macrophase separation between the copolymer and the homopolymer was obtained. However, when the homopolymer molecular weight was low the homopolymer penetrated into the copolymer microdomains, diluting the diblock copolymer and reduced the interaction between the diblock copolymer segments and hence preventing them from segregating. | eng_Latn | 26,381 |
Raman spectroscopic characterization of CH4density over a wide range of temperature and pressure | The positions of the CH4 Raman nu(1) symmetric stretching bands were measured in a wide range of temperature (from -180 degrees C to 350 degrees C) and density (up to 0.45 g/cm(3)) using high-pressure optical cell and fused silica capillary capsule. The results show that the Raman band shift is a function of both methane density and temperature; the band shifts to lower wavenumbers as the density increases and the temperature decreases. An equation representing the observed relationship among the CH4 nu(1) band position, temperature, and density can be used to calculate the density in natural or synthetic CH4-bearing inclusions. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Abstract The overall aim of this chapter is to provide an introduction to thermodynamics of protein solutions applied to understanding how cosolvents, such as salts, osmolytes, or denaturants, impact upon protein stability and denaturation and protein phase behavior. This is especially relevant for any type of protein formulation or in bioseparation processes where a key variable is the cosolvent composition, which often needs to be manipulated to maintain protein stability and/or control protein solubility. The emphasis is on a molecular perspective, which is achieved by relating thermodynamic properties to protein–solvent and protein–protein interactions. Using a molecular approach provides a link through knowledge of intermolecular interactions between protein solution behavior and the protein physicochemical properties and solvent conditions, which, in turn, allows for some level of predictability. | eng_Latn | 26,382 |
Substitution oftyrosine foreither cysteine in/3-lactamase prevents release fromthemembraneduring secretion | Sixindependent secretion-defective muta- tions werefound that result infailure torelease protein from themembrane into theperiplasmic space ofSalmonella typhi- murium after removal ofthesignal peptide. Themutant protein isfound inamembrane-bound formaccessible totrypsin added tointact spheroplasts. Thephenotype ofthese mutations supports theexistence ingeneral ofanintermediate inbacterial secretion. Allsixmutations changed oneortheother ofthetwo cysteine residues inthematureprotein totyrosine, suggesting that these residues areinvolved intherelease ofprotein into the periplasmic space, mostlikely byaffecting protein folding. Secretion ofasoluble protein canbethought ofasinvolving | Our recent nanoindentation measurements on phage lambda, revealed an evolutionary optimization of DNA density in viral capsid. Based on these experimental data, we proposed that water hydrating DNA in the capsid, provides significant support against external capsid deformation at wild-type DNA packing density. Shorter DNA length mutants are on the other hand two times weaker just like empty capsids. In this work, we perform a stringent test of this assumption. DNA hydration force can be dramatically decreased by addition of multivalent ions (here Mg2+ and Sp4+). Indeed, AFM measurements demonstrate that spring constant for wt-DNA phage lambda decreases to a value of an empty capsid upon addition of multivalent salt compared to the “zero-added-salt” value obtained in the previous work. This data is systematically analyzed with DNA hydration model and further comparison is made with phage fi29. | eng_Latn | 26,383 |
Structure and Properties of DNA-Based Reversible Polymers | Duplex formation between DNA-based monomers creates linear, polymeric assemblies that resemble larger duplex DNA, but in which the main chain is defined by the reversible base pairing. These monomers provide a reversible polymer platform through which molecule-to-material relationships can be explored. Viscometry, static and dynamic light scattering, and size exclusion chromatography are used to probe the size, structure, and dynamics of the systems. The influence of concentration, temperature, association constant, and conformational flexibility is examined and found to be consistent with simple equilibrium models. The characterizations provide the basis for further mechanistic studies of reversible polymeric behavior in complex environments. | Research on morphological control in block copolymers under the following four categories: thermoreversible morphology transitions, discovery of new morphologies, the control of morphology by blending and other control methods, is reviewed | eng_Latn | 26,384 |
Surfactant-Directed Synthesis of Branched Bismuth Telluride/Sulfide Core/Shell Nanorods | Here, we demonstrate a new approach to obtain core/shell bismuth telluride/bismuth sulfide nanorods with shell branching by using a biomolecular surfactant, L-glutathionic acid (LGTA). We show that crystallographic twinning of Bi2S3 driven by Bi-LGTA ligand desorption is the primary mechanism of shell branching, which can be controlled by adjusting the LGTA concentration, reaction temperature, and time. Such branched nanostructures and their formation mechanism are different from the nanotetrapod heterostructures of CdSe and CdTe [13‐15] obtained by exploiting lattice mismatch between allotropic polytypes. | A tractable scheme for numerical diagonalization of the Bohr Hamiltonian, based on SU(1,1)×SO(5) algebraic methods, has recently been proposed. The direct product basis obtained from an optimally chosen set of SU(1,1) β wave functions and the SO(5) spherical harmonics ΨvαLM(γ,Ω) provides an exceedingly efficient basis for numerical solution, as compared to conventional diagonalization in a five‐dimensional oscillator basis. In this contribution, the status of the SU(1,1)×SO(5) algebraic collective model is summarized and applications are presented. In particular, the transition from axially symmetric to triaxial structure is explored. | eng_Latn | 26,385 |
Selective extraction of praseodymium ions from neodymium solution using a non-equilibrium extraction method | Abstract An advanced method for the separation of praseodymium ions from a mixed solution of neodymium and praseodymium ions has been investigated, using a non-equilibrium extraction with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and a bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (B2EHPA)-kerosine system in which the largest value of the separation factor β Pr-Nd (= D Pr / D Nd ), i.e. 5.0, was obtained for the first time. It was found that the experimental extraction rate was represented by the reversible pseudo-first-order reaction as V = k 1 ″[H + ] 2 [Ln 3+ ] T,(a) - k −1 ″[H + ][Ln 3+ ] (o) where subscript (a) and (o) represent aqueous and organic phases, respectively, and k 1 ″ and k −1 ″ are kinetic constants for the forward and backward reactions respectively. | We attempt quantitative implementation of a previous suggestion that asymmetric charge neutralization of DNA phosphate groups may provide part of the driving force for nucleosome folding. Polyelectrolyte theory can be used to estimate the effective compressive force acting along the length of one side of the DNA surface when a fraction of the phosphate groups are neutralized by histones bound to that side. A standard engineering formula then relates the force to the bending amplitude caused by it. Calculated bending amplitudes are consistent with the curvature of nucleosomal DNA and the overall extent of charge neutralization by the histones. The relation of the model to various aspects of nucleosome folding, including the detailed path of core-particle DNA, is discussed. Several other DNA-protein complexes are listed as examples of possible asymmetric charge-induced bending. | eng_Latn | 26,386 |
Self-adhesion of amorphous polymers and their miscible blends | The amorphous film surfaces of polystyrene (PS), poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO), and their miscible blends are brought into overlap contact below the glass transition temperature T g for 10 min and 24 h in order to obtain PS—PS, PPO—PPO, and blend—blend self-adhesive joints. It is shown that after the contact of the blend surfaces, i.e., when the molecules of both PS and PPO are present at the interface, it is possible to attain higher values of shear strength as compared with those at PS—PS and PPO—PPO interfaces. This points to the contribution of a specific interaction between the segments of PS and PPO to the strength development at the interface. | The melting transition of methane adsorbed in nanopores has been studied and compared in two types of structures: carbon slits pores and square shaped channels. We show that the nano-confinement not only modifies the temperatures of phase transformation but also induces strong space heterogeneity of the adsorbate. We emphasize the role of the structural heterogeneity on the mechanism of melting: in nanometric pores, each adsorbed layer exhibits different mechanisms of structural transformation and the notion of a unique transition temperature is not well defined. | eng_Latn | 26,387 |
Synthesis of PHB by recombinant E. coli harboring an approximately 5 kb genomic DNA fragment from Streptomyces aureofaciens NRRL 2209. | Abstract An ∼5.0 kb Sau3A I genomic DNA fragment from Streptomyces aureofaciens NRRL 2209 was cloned in a plasmid vector and introduced into Escherichia coli . The recombinant E. coli accumulated polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as cytoplasmic inclusions. The accumulated PHA was identified as the isotactic homopolymer of PHB with a molecular weight of 2.85×10 5 . Purified PHB granules were spherical with an average size of 1.1 μm and of stable configuration. DSC thermogram suggested high crystalline nature of the polymer. Maximum thermal degradation of the biopolymer occurred between 250 and 340 °C. Recombinant E. coli cells preferentially utilized glycerol as the carbon source and accumulated 25–28 times more PHB than the native S. aureofaciens . | We describe the use of an amphiphilic macromolecular brush based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(d,l-lactide) (PLA) as a stabilizer of hydrophobic solutes. The brush, which in solution adopted an extended backbone conformation consequent with excluded volume effects of the side chains, retained an elongated character in water following the hydrophobic collapse of PLA and the backbone triggered by a rapid change in solvent quality. However, in the presence of hydrophobic solutes at low concentrations in a homogeneous environment, the brush formed spherical unimolecular nanoparticles achieving high solute encapsulation efficiency. As solute content increased and exceeded what appears to be a limit for intramolecular solubilization, intermolecular assembly took place along with the formation of large aggregates, the properties of which were highly dependent on the solute. This first observation of the solute-triggered unimolecular collapse of an amphiphilic macromolecular brush should find important ... | eng_Latn | 26,388 |
Highly Ordered Anthracene Adlayers on Ag Single-Crystal Surfaces in Perchloric Acid Solution: In Situ STM Study | The structures of anthracene adlayers on Ag(111), Ag(100), and Ag(110) electrode surfaces in dilute perchloric acid have been investigated in detail by using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Anthracene was found to form highly ordered molecular layers with a flat-lying orientation on the Ag single-crystal electrode surfaces in the double-layer region. High-resolution STM images allowed us to reveal packing arrangements of anthracene. Highly ordered anthracene adlayers with (2√3 × 2√3)R30° (θ = 0.08), c(4 × 6) (θ = 0.08), and c(4 × 4) (θ = 0.125) symmetries were observed on Ag(111), Ag(100), and Ag(110) surfaces, respectively. | A cell-free extract from blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans contains enzymes which repair in vitro the transforming activity of gamma-irradiated Bacillus subtilis DNA. The level of restoration of the transforming activity depends on the protein concentration in the reaction mixture, the duration of incubation and on the dose of irradiation. The repair of gamma-induced lesions is most efficient in the presence of magnesium ions, NAD and ATP. The present data indicate that the repair of transforming DNA is performed with the participation of DNA polymerase and polynucleotide ligase which function in the cell-free extract of algae. | eng_Latn | 26,389 |
Controlled Disassembly and Purification of Functional Viral Subassemblies Using Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) | Viruses protect their genomes by enclosing them into protein capsids that sometimes contain lipid bilayers that either reside above or below the protein layer. Controlled dissociation of virions provides important information on virion composition, interactions, and stoichiometry of virion components, as well as their possible role in virus life cycles. Dissociation of viruses can be achieved by using various chemicals, enzymatic treatments, and incubation conditions. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) is a gentle method where the separation is based on size. Here, we applied AF4 for controlled dissociation of enveloped bacteriophage φ6. Our results indicate that AF4 can be used to assay the efficiency of the dissociation process and to purify functional subviral particles. | We proposed a simple method to realize optical Fourier transform during the nonlinear wave shaping processes. In this method, an integrated optical superlattice is designed to realize multiple optical functions, which plays important roles in both the nonlinear harmonic generation process and the optical Fourier Transform process. We demonstrated our method by the nonlinear generation of Airy beams as an example. It is a universal method for beam shaping and is of practical importance for designing compact nonlinear optical devices. | eng_Latn | 26,390 |
Hydrophobic channels in crystals of an α-aminoisobutyric acid pentapeptide | The crystal structure of the pentapeptide p-toluene-sulfonyl-(I±-aminoisobutyryl)5-methyl ester (Tosyl-(Aib)5-OMe) has been determined in the space group PImage . Pentapeptide molecules are folded in the 310 helical conformation and packed together, so as to yield a hydrophobic channel with a minimim diameter of 5.2 A�. The channel contains crystallographically disordered material. This structure provides a model for channel formation by hydrophobic peptide aggregates and should prove useful in studies of alamethicin, suzukacillin and related Aib containing membrane channels. Triclinic (PImage ) crystals of the pentapeptide are obtained in the presence of LiClO4 in aqueous methanol, whereas crystallization from methanol alone yields crystals in the space group Pbca. The conformations of the peptide in the two crystal forms are very similar and only the molecular packing is dramatically different. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,391 |
Compositions and methods for binding to sphingosine-1-phosphate | The present invention relates to anti-SIP agents, such as humanized monoclonal antibodies, and to their use for the detection of SIP or the treatment of diseases and conditions involving SIP. | Cross-linking a single polymer chain with itself leads to soft nanoparticles with well-defined properties. We study such single-chain nanoparticles (SCNP) obtained by cross-linking in good and in poor solvents using Monte Carlo simulations and theoretical models. We show that SCNP obtained by cross-linking in poor solvents preserve their shape during swelling in good solvents only if the precursor chain is very long. In this case the Flory–Rehner model describes the swelling of SCNP. Shorter chains and SCNPs cross-linked in good solvent generate noncompact structures. Here we obtain a good theoretical description of the simulated swelling properties using a mean-field model by taking into account the cross-linking topology using the connectivity matrix of the cross-linked chain. The crossover between the two regimes can consistently be described using a scaling argument. We further show that the distances between cross-links along the chain contour follows the distribution for Gaussian chains after cross-... | eng_Latn | 26,392 |
Anisotropic assembly of conjugated polymer nanocrystallites for enhanced charge transport. | The anisotropic assembly of P3HT nanocrystallites into longer nanofibrillar structures was demonstrated via sequential UV irradiation after ultrasonication to the pristine polymer solutions. The morphology of resultant films was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and quantitative analysis of intra- and intermolecular ordering of polymer chains was performed by means of static absorption spectroscopy and quantitative modeling. Consequently, the approach to treat the precursor solution enhanced intra- and intermolecular ordering and reduced the incidence of grain boundaries within P3HT films, which contributed to the excellent charge carrier transport characteristics of the corresponding films (μ ≈ 12.0 × 10(-2) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) for 96% RR P3HT). | Protein structures and their complexes are formed and stabilized by interactions, both inside and outside of the protein. Analysis of such interactions helps in understanding different levels of structures (secondary, super-secondary, and oligomeric states). It can also assist molecular biologists in understanding structural consequences of modifying proteins and/or ligands. In this chapter, our definition of atom-atom and residue-residue contacts is described and applied to analysis of protein-protein interactions in dimeric β-sandwich proteins. | eng_Latn | 26,393 |
Proximity effects of a thin film of unconventional superconductor in contact with a magnetic substrate | Abstract We suggest some new experiments that might be used to distinguish between states of various representations of uncoventional superconductivity. In particular we investigate pair-breaking effects for various models of the order parameter in the thin films in contact with a magnetic substrate. The effect of a magnetic field on a thin film is qualitatively different for even- and odd-parity superconductors, depending strongly on the orientation of the field relative to that of the order parameter (and therefore to the crystallographic orientation), with the superconductivity entirely suppressed for some special orientations. | In order to evaluate the risk of engineered nanomaterials in the natural environment, one must determine their mobility, among other factors. Such determinations are difficult given that natural systems are heterogeneous and biofilms are ubiquitous in soils and waters. The interaction and diffusion of several model nanoparticles (dextrans, fluorescent microspheres, Ag nanoparticles) were studied in situ using confocal microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in a biofilm composed of Pseudomonas fluorescens. For the most part, relative self-diffusion coefficients decreased exponentially with the square of the radius of the nanoparticle. The precise growth conditions of the biofilm resulted in a variable density of both exopolymers and microbes, which was also shown to be an important parameter controlling the diffusion of the nanoparticles. Finally, the charge of the nanoparticles appeared to be important; for a dense bacterial biofilm, a greater than predicted decrease in the self-diffusion co... | eng_Latn | 26,394 |
Wearable Chemical Sensors: Emerging Systems for On-Body Analytical Chemistry | With the emergence of mobile devices and digital medicine, wearable sensors have received tremendous recent attention across many applications related to monitoring the wearer’s conditions and surroundings. Existing wearable sensors commonly track the user’s mobility and vital signs (steps, heart rate, etc.). The recent introduction of non‐invasive chemical sensors, providing continuous monitoring of chemical markers in a non-invasive manner, fills major gaps in wearable sensor technology, as desired for a plethora of applications. This emerging and exciting area of on-body wearable chemical sensing represents a major transition away from common centralized laboratory-based analytical systems involving in-vitro test-tube assays of blood or urine. Such a major revolution has led to a variety of wearable chemical sensors that allow non-invasive continuous monitoring of many important analytes in biofluids, such as sweat, saliva, tears and interstitial fluid (ISF), instead of blood. | Abstract The overall aim of this chapter is to provide an introduction to thermodynamics of protein solutions applied to understanding how cosolvents, such as salts, osmolytes, or denaturants, impact upon protein stability and denaturation and protein phase behavior. This is especially relevant for any type of protein formulation or in bioseparation processes where a key variable is the cosolvent composition, which often needs to be manipulated to maintain protein stability and/or control protein solubility. The emphasis is on a molecular perspective, which is achieved by relating thermodynamic properties to protein–solvent and protein–protein interactions. Using a molecular approach provides a link through knowledge of intermolecular interactions between protein solution behavior and the protein physicochemical properties and solvent conditions, which, in turn, allows for some level of predictability. | eng_Latn | 26,395 |
Regularly alternating L,D-peptides. III. Hexacyclic peptides from valine or phenylalanine. | In the present paper we describe the single-crystal x-ray analyses of two cyclic hexapeptides containing an equal number of alternating L,D-residues as putative analogues of the metal binding compounds, enniatin and beauvericine. Both the molecules of c(L-Val-D-Val)3 and C(L-Phe-D-Phe)3 retain in the solid state the center of symmetry and crystallize with six and eight trifluoroacetic acid molecules, respectively. The peptides are strongly hydrogen bonded to the solvent molecules. We estimate, on the basis of the molecular geometry and spatial arrangement of the peptide carbonyl groups and in comparison with other metal binding cyclic peptides, the ability of these molecules to interact with metal ions as 1:1 complexes. | A vast majority of compounds with bent core or banana shaped molecules exhibit the phase sequence B6-B1-B2 as the chain length is increased in a homologous series. The B6 phase has an intercalated fluid lamellar structure with a layer spacing of half the molecular length. The B1 phase has a two dimensionally periodic rectangular columnar structure. The B2 phase has a monolayer fluid lamellar structure with molecules tilted with respect to the layer normal. Neglecting the tilt order of the molecules in the B2 phase, we have developed a frustrated packing model to describe this phase sequence qualitatively. The model has some analogy with that of the frustrated smectics exhibited by highly polar rod like molecules. | eng_Latn | 26,396 |
Hydrogenating wafer-scale VO2 film in acid solution | As a strong correlated material, VO2 undergoes a typical metal-insulator transition and this transition behavior can be reversibly modulated by hydrogen doping. Normally, incorporating hydrogen atoms into VO2 crystal always lies on the catalytic spillover method such as Au or Pd as the catalysis in hydrogens flux or protons implantation with high energy. Diluted acid solution contains uniformly distributed protons in the liquid state and the concentration is also controllable, while it is difficult to be used as a proton source for electron/proton doping due to the instability and corrosion of VO2 in it. Here we achieve a facile route to hydrogenate wafer scale VO2 crystal film in an acid solution by utilizing a selected metal particle, demonstrating an electron-proton synergetic doping strategy. This synergetic doping method in a facile condition would stimulate a new way of simple and cost effective atomic doping technique. | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,397 |
Bis(3‐hydroxybenzoato‐κO)bis(1H‐imidazole‐κN3)copper(II) | The metal atom in the title compound, [Cu(C7H5O3)2(C3H4N2)2], is coordinated by two O atoms (from two carboxylate anions) and two N atoms (from two N-heterocycles) in a square-planar geometry; it occupies a special position of site symmetry \overline{1}. Above and below the square are the hydroxy O atoms of adjacent molecules. This weak interaction [2.646 (2) A] leads to the formation of a linear chain; the chains are consolidated into a layer through hydrogen bonds. | Objective:To discuss the external bacteriostatic effect of Biyuanshu Oral Liquid. Methods:To research Biyuanshu Oral Liquid on the bacteriostatic effect of Staphylococcus aureus,Hemolyticstreptococcus,Pneumococcus,Colibacillus,Catarrhal coccus and Diphtheroid bacillus by using punching and continuously diluting of cuvette technology. Results:Biyuanshu Oral Liquid has distinct expressive effect on Staphylococcus aureus,Hemolytic streptococcus,Pneumococcus,Catarrhal coccus and Diphtheroid bacillus. Conclusion:Biyuanshu Oral Liquid has distinct external bacteriostatic effect. | eng_Latn | 26,398 |
Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides from the roots of Aruncus sylvester. | Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides, 1,3,4-tri-O-(E)-caffeoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and 1,4-di-O-(E)-caffeoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), along with four known phenylpropanoid glycosides (3–6), were isolated from the roots of Aruncus sylvester. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed significant scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals with IC50 values of 110 and 258 μM (ascorbic acid: IC50 = 574 μM). | Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil ML, Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492–502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles, formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilm... | eng_Latn | 26,399 |
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