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Prediction of pEC50 values of dioxins binding with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is of great significance for exploring how dioxins induce toxicity in human body and evaluating their environmental behaviors and risks. To reveal the factors that influence the toxicity of dioxins, provide more accurate mathematical models for predicting the pEC50 values of dioxins, and supplement the toxicity database of persistent organic pollutants, qualitative structure–activity relationship (SAR) and two-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (2D-QSAR) were used in this study. The research objects in this study were 60 organic compounds with pEC50 values and 162 compounds without pEC50 values, which included polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs). The qualitative structure–activity relationship (SAR) was performed first and concluded that halogen substitutions at any of the 2, 3, 7, and 8 sites increased the pEC50 value of the compound. Moreover, two-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (2D-QSAR) models were established by employing multiple linear regression (MLR) method and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm to investigate the factors affecting the pEC50 values of dioxins molecules. MLR was used to establish the well-understood linear model and ANN was used to establish a more accurate non-linear model. Both models have good fitting, robustness, and predictive ability. Importantly, the ability of dioxins binding to AhR is mainly determined by molecular descriptors including E1m, SM09_AEA (dm), RDF065u, F05 [Cl–Cl], and Neoplastic-80. In addition, the pEC50 values of the 162 dioxins without toxicity data were predicted by MLR and ANN models, respectively. | Quantitative structure–activity/property/toxicity relationship (QSAR/QSPR/QSTR) modeling has been used in medicinal chemistry, material sciences, environmental fate modeling, risk assessment and computational toxicology for a long time. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has recommended that for application of validated QSAR models for prediction of new data points, there is a strict requirement of defining the applicability domain (AD) according to the Principle 3 . The AD is a theoretical region in chemical space encompassing both the model descriptors and modeled response which allows one to estimate the uncertainty in the prediction of a particular compound based on how similar it is to the training compounds employed in the model development. The AD is an important tool for reliable application of QSAR models, while characterization of interpolation space is significant in defining the AD. An attempt is made here to suggest a simple method for defining the X-outliers (in the case of the training set) and identifying the compounds that reside outside the AD (in the case of the test set) employing the basic theory of the standardization approach. Further, a standalone application named “Applicability domain using standardization approach” (available at http://dtclab.webs.com/software-tools and http://teqip.jdvu.ac.in/QSAR_Tools/ ) has been developed. The present study reports that the web application can be easily used for identification of the X-outliers for training set compounds and detection of the test compounds residing outside the AD using the descriptor pool of the training and test sets. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 27,300 |
Small (4.4 ± 1.50 g; mean ± SD) Nile tilapias Oreochromis niloticus were more tolerant of nitrite than large (90.7 ± 16.43 g) fish. The 96-h median lethal concentration of nitrite-N to small fish was 81 mg/L (95% confidence interval = 35–127 mg/L) compared with 8 mg/L (4–11 mg/L) for large fish. Addition of chloride to test water (as either calcium chloride or sodium chloride) protected both small and large fish from nitrite. Sodium chloride and calcium chloride appeared to be similarly effective in inhibiting nitrite toxicity. | Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles (total length 4.9 +/- 0.2 cm and weight 1.8 +/- 0.2 g) were exposed to several nitrite concentrations (0, 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg l(-1)) for 96 h, using a semi-static renewal method at chloride levels of 35.0 and 70.0 mg l(-1). At the end of the 96-h period, the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of nitrite was 28.18 mg l(-1) in water with low chloride content (35.0 mg l(-1)) and 44.67 mg l(-1) with high chloride content (70.0 mg l(-1), respectively). It indicated that high concentrations of chloride ions could reduce the toxicity of nitrite. During the toxicity experiments, the behaviour and clinical signs of tilapias were also observed. Furthermore, the test of toxic mechanism was designed taking five test concentrations, viz., 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg l(-1) and a nitrite-free control. Nitrite exposure produced high levels of methaemoglobin (MHb) but did not seem to cause mortality, as surviving tilapias showed high levels (85.37 +/- 2.23 and 53.82 +/- 3.44 at 35.0 and 70.0 mg l(-1) chloride, respectively). The percentage of MHb exposed to nitrite was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the control (0 mg l(-1) nitrite) and increased with the increasing nitrite concentration. However, the percentage of MHb decreased with the increasing chloride concentration. | Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles (total length 4.9 +/- 0.2 cm and weight 1.8 +/- 0.2 g) were exposed to several nitrite concentrations (0, 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg l(-1)) for 96 h, using a semi-static renewal method at chloride levels of 35.0 and 70.0 mg l(-1). At the end of the 96-h period, the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of nitrite was 28.18 mg l(-1) in water with low chloride content (35.0 mg l(-1)) and 44.67 mg l(-1) with high chloride content (70.0 mg l(-1), respectively). It indicated that high concentrations of chloride ions could reduce the toxicity of nitrite. During the toxicity experiments, the behaviour and clinical signs of tilapias were also observed. Furthermore, the test of toxic mechanism was designed taking five test concentrations, viz., 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg l(-1) and a nitrite-free control. Nitrite exposure produced high levels of methaemoglobin (MHb) but did not seem to cause mortality, as surviving tilapias showed high levels (85.37 +/- 2.23 and 53.82 +/- 3.44 at 35.0 and 70.0 mg l(-1) chloride, respectively). The percentage of MHb exposed to nitrite was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the control (0 mg l(-1) nitrite) and increased with the increasing nitrite concentration. However, the percentage of MHb decreased with the increasing chloride concentration. | eng_Latn | 27,301 |
A study on the evaluation of free amino acids (FAAs) in tarhana during fermentation and storage was performed. The FAAs in tarhana were determined by RP-HPLC with a fluorescence detector following extraction from the sample and derivatization with dansyl chloride. The amount of FAAs increased significantly (p<0.01) during fermentation and storage. The increase in the content of total free amino acids (TFAAs) and total free essential amino acids (TFEAAs) of fermented tarhana, which was used with yogurt bacteria and baker's yeast, was 57% and 93%, respectively. The amino acids primarily responsible for the increase were valine and tryptophan followed by methionine, alanine, isoleucine + leucine, phenylalanine, arginine, proline, and lysine. The TFAA content of tarhana at the end of fermentation was found to be 8% of total protein (16.8%). The ratio of TFEAAs/TFAAs was initially 0.46 and increased to 0.57 at the end of fermentation. The TFAA content of wet tarhanas was higher than that of the dry counterpart... | This study evaluated the use of a mixer mill as the homogenization tool for the extraction of free amino acids in meat samples, with the main goal of analyzing a large number of samples in the shortest time and minimizing sample amount and solvent volume. Ground samples (0.2 g) were mixed with 1.5 mL HCl 0.1 M and homogenized in the mixer mill. The final biphasic system was separated by centrifugation. The supernatant was deproteinized, derivatized and analyzed by gas chromatography. This procedure showed a high extracting ability, especially in samples with high free amino acid content (recovery = 88.73–104.94%). It also showed a low limit of detection and quantification (3.8 · 10−4–6.6 · 10−4 μg μL−1 and 1.3 · 10−3–2.2 · 10−2 μg μL−1, resp.) for most amino acids, an adequate precision (2.15–20.15% for run-to-run), and a linear response for all amino acids (R2 = 0.741–0.998) in the range of 1–100 µg mL−1. Moreover, it takes less time and requires lower amount of sample and solvent than conventional techniques. Thus, this is a cost and time efficient tool for homogenizing in the extraction procedure of free amino acids from meat samples, being an adequate option for routine analysis. | This paper presents a comparative analysis of three nonlinear filters for estimation of the location and velocity of a moving emitter, using time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements received by two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as they traverse the surveillance region. The TDOA measurements are generated over time by comparing and subtracting leading edge time of arrivals (TOAs) of signals. The Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB) of estimation errors is derived and used as the benchmark in performance analysis. The three nonlinear filters considered in the comparison are: a Gaussian mixture measurement integrated track splitting filter (GMM-ITSF), a multiple model filter with unscented Kalman filters (UKFs) and a multiple-model filter with extended Kalman filters (EKFs). | eng_Latn | 27,302 |
::: Blood glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium levels were found to correlate well, indicating that glutathione peroxidase activity can be used to assess blood selenium levels in beef cattle. The glutathione peroxidase activity of blood is less stable than is the selenium concentration but when blood was stored at 4 degrees C, the glutathione peroxidase activity remained constant for seven days. | The aim of the study was to establish concentration of selenium and the pertinent activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in whole blood that could be used as reference values in future research. The first part of study was carried out on clinical healthy beef calves (n = 35), fed a basal diet and a ready-made fodder mix that contained 0.1 mg.kg(-1) selenium. In the second part of our research, we investigated the GSH-Px activity in a group of calves (n = 47) that had not received supplements added to the basal diet. The research was carried out in the north-west Croatia, in the region known to be poorer in selenium. We determined GSH-Px activity in whole blood by the "Ransel" method adapted to a Technicon RA-1000 at 37 degrees C. Determination of Se concentration was done with a modification of the method given by Perkin-Elmer HGGS. The mean value of the Se concentration in the whole blood of the first group of calves was 200.22 +/- 45.2 mu g.l(-1) and pertinent average GSH-Px activity was 764.6 +/- 197.8 mu kat.l(-1). From the results obtained, a correlation between Se and GSH-Px was calculated (r = 0.82 ; P < 0.001). The mean values of the GSH-Px activity in herd that did not receive a supplement were 435.3 +/- 155.76 mu kat.l(-1). Out of 47 animals of the second herd, four animals (8.51%) had lower values than those recommended as sufficient. This study confirmed that after the calculation of the correlation between Se and GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase activity determination can be used as a rapid and simple proxy for the determination of selenium concentration in whole blood. | The activity of the sclcno-enzyme glutathione peroxidase in ovlne and bovine blood was measurcd by using spot and spectropholomctric assays, and was used to predict the selenium content of blood. Sources of error were examined in three experimenls. In the first, the time from sanlpllng and temperature at which samples were stored, the quantity of heparin used, the temperature of the assay and exercise of the sheep immediately preceding sampling were varied. In the second, relationships were calculated between blood selenium content and glutathione peroxidase activity assayed by the spot test and with a spectrophotometer. In the final experiment sources of variation in the spot assay were examined as affected by variation between animals, operators and days. Changes in glutathione peroxidase activity with time following sampling were small, and activities of samples stored at 3' and -28°C were similar; freezing samples in liquid nitrogen reduced the activity, which was also sensitive to the temperature of the assay. Exercise and the quantity of heparin used did not affect activity. Allometric relationships were calculated between blood selenium content and glutathione peroxidase activities determined by both spot and spectropl~otometric assays. The latter was more precise. Differences between operators and between ewes and wethers in enzyme activity were not significant; variation between animals in blood selenium content increased with mean blood selenium content. It was concluded that the spot test would be satisfactory for identifying animals which could respond to selenium supplementation and would be particularly useful when equipment was not available for automated selenium determinations. | eng_Latn | 27,303 |
abstractA spectrofluorometric procedure was developed and fully validated for simple and sensitive determination of two antidepressant drugs; fluoxetine hydrochloride and paroxetine hydrochloride, in their pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on a binary complex formation with eosin Y in the presence of Teorell - Stenhagen buffer at pH 3.0. The quenching of the native fluorescence of eosin Y due to complex formation with the studied drugs was measured in the aqueous solution without extraction at 545 nm after excitation at 301 nm. At the optimum reaction conditions, the calibration graphs between the fluorescence quenching values (ΔF) and the drug concentrations were rectilinear over the ranges of 0.2–2.4 and 0.1–2.4 μg mL −1 for fluoxetine and paroxetine respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of the studied drugs in pharmaceutical formulations without interference from the common excipients. | Eosin Y (EY) is an acidic xanthene dye which is mainly used in food stuff and biological staining. Various analytical methods have been reported for the utility of this dye in the quantitative determination of several pharmaceutical compounds, heavy metals in addition to some surfactants and proteins. Most of the applied methods were based on the formation of association complexes between eosin Y and the target analytes in buffered aqueous solutions. The present article represents a comprehensive review for the use of eosin Y as a probe in analytical chemistry. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 27,304 |
A method for the simultaneous determination of ibuprofen and its labile, reactive metabolite, ibuprofen acyl glucuronide, in plasma is described. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) employed a C18 column using methanol—10 mM trifluoroacetic acid as the mobile phase with ultraviolet detection at 225 or 214 nm. It is essential that blood is handled rapidly and plasma is acidified upon collection prior to freezing. Plasma samples first are deproteinated with acetonitrile, the supernatant is diluted with phosphate buffer, and ibuprofen, ibuprofen glucuronide, and ibufenac (internal standard) are initially isolated by solid-phase extraction on C18 cartridges. Upon elution, the residue is evaporated, dissolved and injected onto the HPLC system. Recovery is 94 ± 8 and 70 ± 9% for ibuprofen glucuronide and ibuprofen, respectively. The measurable concentration range is linear from 0.1 to 10 μg/ml for ibuprofen glucuronide and from 0.5 to 100 μg/ml for ibuprofen. The method is satisfactory for the analysis of ibuprofen and ibuprofen glucuronide from pharmacokinetic studies in humans. The direct determination of ibuprofen glucuronide allows accurate measurement of this conjugate at low levels relative to the parent compound, ibuprofen, a distinct advantage compared to previously employed indirect methods. | A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination and quantification of pyramethamine, sulfadoxine, mefloquine HCl and ibuprofen was developed. The chromatographic system consisted of a Shimadzu LC-10 AT VP pump, SPD-10 AV VP UV visible detector, and CBM-102 Bus Module integrator. Separation was achieved on a μBondapak 125 A, C-18, 10-μm column at room temperature. The sample was introduced through an injector valve with a 10-μL sample loop. Acetonitrile/water (50:50, v/v) was used as the mobile phase, with a flow rate of 2 mL/min. The pH was adjusted to 2.6 with phosphoric acid. UV detection was performed at 220 nm. The results obtained showed good agreement with the declared content. Recovery values were from 99.43 to 101.52% for mefloquine (250 mg in Fansimef® tablet), from 99.32 to 100.7% for pyrimethamine (25 mg in Fansimef® tablet), from 99.29 to 100.21% for sulfadoxine (500 mg in Fansimef® tablet), and from 99.96 to 100.04% for ibuprofen (400 mg Dolofen® tablet). The proposed method is rapid, accurate, and selective; it may be used for quantitative analysis of pyramethamine, sulfadoxine, mefloquine HCl, and ibuprofen from raw materials, in bulk drugs, and from dosage formulations. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 27,305 |
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS, EC 2.5.1.10) catalyzes the consecutive head-to-tail condensations of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) with dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to form farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), a key precursor of sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, sterols, and farnesylated proteins. Here we report the molecular cloning and functional identification of a new full-length cDNA encoding FPPS from Ornithogalum saundersiae, a potential medicinal plant that produces a promising antitumour sterol glycoside, OSW-1. An 1327 bp long unigene with an open reading frame of 1044 bp was retrieved from the transcriptome sequencing of O. saundersiae. The full-length FPPS cDNA, designated OsaFPPS, was isolated from O. saundersiae with gene-specific primers. The resultant OsaFPPS encodes a 347-amino acids protein with a calculated molecular mass of 40,085.6 Da, and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.01. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that OsaFPPS belongs to the plant FPPS super-family. Expression of soluble OsaFPPS in E. coli was verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis. Functional analysis of the purified OsaFPPS protein was carried out using IPP and DMAPP as substrates, and the product was unambiguously determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. | Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS) plays an essential role in organ development in plants. However, FPS has not previously been identified as a key regulatory enzyme in triterpene biosynthesis. To elucidate the functions of FPS in triterpene biosynthesis, C. asiatica was transformed with a construct harboring Panax ginseng FPS (PgFPS)-encoding cDNA coupled to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Higher levels of CaDDS (C. asiatica dammarenediol synthase) and CaCYS (C. asiatica cycloartenol synthase) mRNA were detected in all hairy root lines overexpressing when compared with the controls. However, no differences were detected in any expression of the CaSQS (C. asiatica squalene synthase) gene. In particular, the upregulation of CaDDS transcripts suggests that FPS may result in alterations in triterpene biosynthesis capacity. Squalene contents in the T17, T24, and T27 lines were increased to 1.1-, 1.3- and 1.5-fold those in the controls, respectively. The total sterol contents in the T24 line were approximately three times higher than those of the controls. Therefore, these results indicated that FPS performs a regulatory function in phytosterol biosynthesis. To evaluate the contribution of FPS to triterpene biosynthesis, we applied methyl jasmonate as an elicitor of hairy roots expressing PgFPS. The results of HPLC analysis revealed that the content of madecassoside and asiaticoside in the T24 line was transiently increased by 1.15-fold after 14 days of MJ treatment. This result may indicate that FPS performs a role not only in phytosterol regulation, but also in triterpene biosynthesis. | The floating potential probe (FPP) operated on the International space station (ISS) from December 2000 to April 2001. During that time, it took many measurements of the ISS floating potential and the low-Earth-orbit electron density and temperature. Those measurements were used as inputs to the environment workbench (EWB) model of ISS potentials (originally developed by the Science Applications International Corporation for NASA, but now sometimes called the Boeing Plasma Interaction Model), which is used even today to predict charging levels for ISS. FPP is now completely defunct, having been removed and jettisoned from ISS. With the advent of the new floating potential measurement unit (FPMU) on ISS and the beginning of ISS operations with three large sets of solar array panels instead of just one, a review of FPP measurements can offer comparisons with the new FPMU data and perhaps improve the accuracy of future ISS charging predictions. In particular, FPP measurements during times of low electron temperature and high electron density (the times of worst ISS charging) will be brought forward for comparison with the newly obtained FPMU data. | eng_Latn | 27,306 |
A repeatable and highly sensitive analytical method using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in the selected ion monitoring mode (SIM) is developed for the simultaneous detection of ketamine (KT), norketamine (NK), and newly introduced dehydronorketamine (DHNK) in urine. The test specimen along with the deuterium analogues as internal standards (IS): d4-KT for KT and d4-NK for NK/DHNK, was extracted on an automatic solid-phase extraction (SPE) apparatus. The extracted eluate then was dried and derivatized with N-methyl-bis(trifluoroacetamide) (CF3CONCH3COCF3, MBTFA). Finally, the cooled derivatized solution was directly injected into the GC–MS system for analysis. The proposed process achieves high sensitivity for the detection of KT, NK, and DHNK. Correlation coefficients derived from typical calibration curves in the range of 20–2000 ng/mL are 1.000 for KT and NK, 0.999 for DHNK. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) are 0.5–1.0 and 1.5–3.0, respectively. The overall method recoveries of KT, NK, and DHNK are 82.2–93.4. The intra- and inter-day run deviations are smaller than 5.0%. The analytical scheme was also applied to the determination of KT, NK, and DHNK in 20 KT suspected urine specimens, and the results reconfirm that DHNK is a main metabolite of KT. | In vitro biosynthesis using pooled human liver microsomes was applied to help identify in vivo metabolites of ketamine by liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry. Microsomal synthesis produced dehydronorketamine, seven structural isomers of hydroxynorketamine, and at least five structural isomers of hydroxyketamine. To aid identification, stable isotopes of the metabolites were also produced from tetra-deuterated isotopes of ketamine or norketamine as substrates. Five metabolites (three hydroxynorketamine and two hydroxyketamine isomers) gave chromatographically resolved components with product ion spectra indicating the presence of a phenolic group, with phenolic metabolites being further substantiated by selective liquid-liquid extraction after adjustments to the pH. Two glucuronide conjugates of hydroxynorketamine were also identified. Analysis by LC-coupled ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry gave unique masses in accordance with the predicted elemental composition. The metabolites, including the phenols, were subsequently confirmed to be present in urine of subjects after oral ketamine administration, as facilitated by the addition of deuterated metabolites generated from the in vitro biosynthesis. To our knowledge, phenolic metabolites of ketamine, including an intact glucuronide conjugate, are here reported for the first time. The use of biologically synthesized deuterated material as an internal chromatographic and mass spectrometric marker is a viable approach to aid in the identification of metabolites. Metabolites that have particular diagnostic value can be selected as candidates for chemical synthesis of standards. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 27,307 |
A simple, accurate and precise direct spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of cefixime in tablets and capsules. The method is based on the reaction of cefixime with a mixture of potassium iodide and potassium iodate to form yellow coloured product in ethanol-distilled water medium at room temperature which absorbed maximally at 352 nm. The factors affecting the reaction product were carefully studied and optimized. The validation parameters based on International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH, USA) guidelines were followed. The effect of common excipients used as additives has been tested and the tolerance limit was calculated for the determination of cefixime. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 4 – 24 g mL with apparent molar absorptivity of 1.52 × 10 L molcm and Sandell’s sensitivity of 0.033 g/cm/ 0.001 absorbance unit. The limits of detection and quantitation for the proposed method are 0.32 and 1.06 g mL, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of cefixime in pharmaceutical formulations. The results obtained by the proposed method were statistically compared with the reference method using tand Fvalues and found no significant difference between the two methods. The proposed method can be used as an alternate method for routine quality control analysis of cefixime in pharmaceutical formulations. Keywords—Spectrophotometry, cefixime, validation, pharmaceutical formulations. | A simple, sensitive and accurate method has been developed for spectrofluorimetric determination of cefixime in pure form and pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on the reaction of cefixime with 2-cyanoacetamide in the presence of 21% ammonia at 100 °C. The fluorescent reaction product showed maximum fluorescence intensity at λ 378 nm after excitation at λ 330 nm. The factors affecting the derivatization reaction were carefully studied and optimized. The fluorescence intensity versus concentration plot was rectilinear over the range of 0.02 to 4 μg mL(-1) with correlation coefficient of 0.99036. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 2.95 ng mL(-1) and 9.84 ng mL(-1), respectively. The proposed method was validated statistically and through recovery studies. The method was successfully applied for the determination of cefixime in pure and dosage form with percent recoveries from 98.117% to 100.38%. The results obtained from the proposed method have been compared with the official HPLC method and good agreement was found between them. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 27,308 |
Concanavalin A (Con A) immobilized monosize and magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate)[m-poly(GMA)] beads were investigated for specific adsorption of yeast invertase from aqueous solutions. m-Poly(GMA) beads (1.6 μ m in diameter) were prepared by dispersion polymerization in the presence of Fe3O4 nanopowder. The epoxy groups of m-poly(GMA) beads were opened by base catalyses. Then, Con A was immobilized by covalent binding onto the beads. Con A immobilization amount was 12.5 mg/g. The invertase adsorption capacity of the m-poly(GMA)/Con A beads was 111 mg/g. The maximum invertase adsorption on the m-poly(GMA)/Con A beads was observed at pH 5.5. The optimum activity for both free and adsorbed invertase was observed at 50°C. Vmax values were determined as 330 U/mg and 292 U/mg enzyme, for free and adsorbed invertase, respectively. KM values were found to be the same for free and adsorbed invertase (20 mM). Adsorption of invertase via Con A improved the pH stability of invertase. Thermal stability also increa... | Purpose: To produce an organic solvent tolerant extracellular lipase from a traditional yoghurt Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate and to characterize this enzyme activity. Material and Methods: A traditional yoghurt sample collected from a farm (Sivas-Turkey) was diluted and mixed with de Man, Rogosa and Sharp Medium (MRS) and poured into Petri dishes. One hundred colonies were selected and transferred onto MRS agar plates including Tween 80 as a lipase substrate. Only four colonies with lipase activity were incubated in MRS broth for 3 days at 37 o C and the extracellular proteins were precipitated with ethanol (95%v/v) from the supernatant. The precipitate with the highest lipase activity was selected for further analysis. Results: The optimum pH and temperature were 7.0 and 37 o C, respectively. While (1 mM) Mn2+ caused a slight increase (~8%) Hg2+ or Zn2+ caused a substantial activity loss (~70%). Organic solvents (5%chloroform or n-butanol, v/v) increased activity ~2.5 fold. Five percent SDS or Triton X-100 increased activity by 8%and 14%, respectively. The enzyme could hydrolyse hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 2,3-epoxy propyl methacrylate (GMA),retained ~83%of its activity after 1 hour at 37 oC, lost no activity when stored at pH 7.0 and at 4 degree C for 60 days. Conclusion: The properties of the extracellular yeast lipase was investigated using a number of physiological parameters. The results obtained indicated that it was an organic solvent- and detergent tolerant enzyme having the optimum activity at mild reaction conditions. | A previously healthy, non-smoking, 72-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with abnormal chest X-ray and chest discomfort. A 3.5-cm, well-defined, right paratracheal mass was revealed on non-contrast chest computed tomography (CT), which was suspected to be an azygous vein aneurysm, lymph adenopathy or neurogenic tumor. Whole-body integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) (Biograph mMR; Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) was performed for the differential diagnosis. A homogenously enhancing mass connected with the azygous vein was well visualized in a post-contrast volumetric interpolated gradient echo (VIBE) sequence (Fig. 1). Additionally, the PET showed minimal 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake (maximum standardized uptake value [SUVmax], 1.83), similar to that of the great vessels, with no filling defect to suggest thromboembolism and no significant FDG uptake to suggest active thromboembolism or malignancy. The imaging findings in integrated PET/MRI were useful to characterize azygous vein aneurysm [1, 2]. The patient had a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery to relieve the symptom of chest pain. A congenital etiology of azygous vein aneurysm was confirmed by pathology. ::: ::: ::: ::: Fig. 1 ::: ::: Whole-body integrated PET/MRI of the 72-year-old woman patient revealing a 3.5-cm, well-demarcated mass connected with azygous vein. This mass was surgically removed (bottom row). VIBE volumetric interpolated gradient echo, HASTE half-Fourier acquisition ... | eng_Latn | 27,309 |
Summary The effects of 5-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminouracil (uracil mustard) on some of the biochemical events occurring in lung were studied since this compound, a reactive alkylating agent and analog of uracil, markedly increased the incidence and number of lung tumors in strain A/J mice. Similar measurements were performed in kidney and liver, organs which do not undergo a tumorigenic response to uracil mustard, and were compared to the effects of uracil mustard in lung. The in vivo incorporation of several nucleic acid precursors into macromolecular components in the cell was studied as a function of drug administration. Incorporation of thymidine- 3 H into DNA, of uridine- 3 H into total RNA, and of orotic acid- 3 H into nuclear RNA of lung, liver, and kidney was inhibited by the drug. Incorporation of l-leucine- 14 C into protein was slightly inhibited immediately after administration of uracil mustard followed by a marked stimulation in liver and kidney. The possible relationships of these alterations to the carcinogenic response are discussed in view of current concepts of cellular activity and macromolecular function. | During the course of certain investigations the need for an accurate determination of radioactivity in protein may be essential. We have selected and compared several methods which are frequently used for the preparation and assay of carbon-14 labeled protein. The results presented indicate that each technique has certain advantages and limitations which should be considered according to the design and purpose of the experiment. The plating of proteins on filter paper may be employed when sufficient material is available. The plating and washing of protein on Millipore filters is rapid, but the choice of solvents is limited. Preparations of insoluble radioactive protein may be conveniently counted by suspension in Cab-O-Sil. All weight ranges of protein samples studied may be assayed by digestion in Hyamine and determination in solution. | ABSTRACTUNC-45A is an ubiquitously expressed protein highly conserved throughout evolution. Most of what we currently know about UNC-45A pertains to its role as a regulator of the actomyosin system... | eng_Latn | 27,310 |
The correlation between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and different tumour characteristics was investigated in human breast cancer tissue. The enzyme activity was measured by a histochemical method and the oestrogen receptor content by a dextran-coated charcoal assay. The proliferative activity of the tumours correlated positively with the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. No correlation was found between enzyme activity and tumour type and menopausal status, age, TNM-class nor oestrogen receptor content. Based on this investigation it is concluded that the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reflects the proliferative status of the tumour but not the hormone dependency of the tumour. | Cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 are essential for the control of the cell cycle through the G(1) phase. Aberrant expression of CDK4 and CDK6 is a hallmark of cancer, which would suggest that CDK4 and CDK6 are attractive targets for cancer therapy. Herein, we report that calcein AM (the calcein acetoxymethyl-ester) is a potent specific inhibitor of CDK4 and CDK6 in HCT116 human colon adenocarcinoma cells, inhibiting retinoblastoma protein (pRb) phosphorylation and inducing cell cycle arrest in the G(1) phase. The metabolic effects of calcein AM on HCT116 cells were also evaluated and the flux between the oxidative and non-oxidative branches of the pentose phosphate pathway was significantly altered. To elucidate whether these metabolic changes were due to the inhibition of CDK4 and CDK6, we also characterized the metabolic profile of a CDK4, CDK6 and CDK2 triple knockout of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The results show that the metabolic profile associated with the depletion of CDK4, CDK6 and CDK2 coincides with the metabolic changes induced by calcein AM on HCT116 cells, thus confirming that the inhibition of CDK4 and CDK6 disrupts the balance between the oxidative and non-oxidative branches of the pentose phosphate pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that low doses of calcein can halt cell division and kill tumor cells. Thus, selective inhibition of CDK4 and CDK6 may be of greater pharmacological interest, since inhibitors of these kinases affect both cell cycle progression and the robust metabolic profile of tumors. | Accounting for aroma production in different aromatic indica rice varieties based on variations in the levels of concerned metabolites and enzymes is poorly explored. The present investigation was, therefore, focused on unraveling the differential levels of metabolites and activities of enzymes related to aroma formation in eleven indigenous aromatic rice varieties, as compared with four non-aromatic varieties. The levels of metabolites such as proline (Pro) and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), and the activity of related enzymes such as proline dehydrogenase (PDH), Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), and ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) were comparatively higher in the aromatic varieties, with Kalonunia and Tulaipanji registering the highest Pro, Kalonunia the highest P5C content, Gobindobhog with the highest PDH activity, Gobindobhog and Tulaipanji with the highest P5CS, and Pusa Basmati-1 with the highest OAT activity. The levels of putrescine (Put) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were comparatively lower in aromatic varieties, with concomitant higher diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, especially in the varieties Gobindobhog and Tulaipanji. The betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2) enzyme activity was remarkably lesser in aromatic varieties, especially Radhunipagal and Gobindobhog. Though the metabolites such as glycine–betaine and higher polyamines such as spermidine and spermine showed no specific trend with respect to their quantitative level in either aromatic or non-aromatic varieties, they were notably lower in the aromatic varieties such as Gobindobhog, Kalonunia, and Tulaipanji, indicating a possibility of their involvement in aroma formation. Therefore, the levels of metabolites such as Pro, P5C and methylglyoxal (MG), and the activity of enzymes such as PDH, P5CS, OAT, and DAO were comparatively higher in the aromatic rice varieties than the non-aromatic ones, whereas the levels of Put, GABA, and BADH2 were lower. Overall, the present study showed that there exist variations in the accumulations of such metabolites as well as differential activity of enzymes controlling their production, which altogether regulate generation of aroma in aromatic varieties. | eng_Latn | 27,311 |
γ-Oryzanol is an important phytochemical used in pharmaceutical, alimentary and cosmetic preparations. The present article, for the first time, discloses the performances of NP-HPLC in separating γ-oryzanol components and develops a validated method for its routine quantification. The analysis is performed on a cyanopropyl bonded column using the hexane/MTBE gradient elution and UV detection at 325 nm. The method allows: the separation of steryl ferulate, p-coumarate and caffeate esters, the separation of cis- from trans-ferulate isomers, the splitting of steroid moieties into saturated and unsaturated at the side chain. The optimised method provides excellent linear response (R(2)=0.99997), high precision (RSD<1.0%) and satisfactory accuracy (R(∗)=70-86%). In conclusion, the established method presents the details of the procedure and the experimental conditions in order to achieve the required precision and instrumental accuracy. The method is fast and sensitive and it could be a suitable tool for quality assurance and determination of origin. | Rice bran and rice bran oil contain high amounts of lipid soluble phytochemicals such as tocopherols, tocotrienols and γ-oryzanols with potential health benefits. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of these phytochemicals was developed. These phytochemicals were extracted using rapid one-step methanol extraction and separated on a Kinetex pentafluorophenyl phase column for quantitation using fluorescence and ultraviolet detectors. Separation was carried out within 20 min at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using a gradient elution of mobile phase consisting of methanol and water at column temperature of 30 °C. A good separation of all eight tocol isomers was achieved while the γ-oryzanols were separated near to baseline. Extraction yields of tocopherols, tocotrienols and γ-oryzanols from saponification medium with different pH conditions were studied. Total γ-oryzanols extracted from alkaline medium were significantly lower than those from the neutral and acidic mediums (p 0.9994), low detection limit (3–34 ng/mL) and high precision (RSD < 7.5 %) with satisfactory recovery (R% = 81–116 %). The advantages of this method over available reverse-phase methods are the better resolution of β and γ tocol isomers with the γ-oryzanols, usage of non-halogenated mobile phase and shorter analysis time, and it is compatible with the standard laboratorial chromatographic equipment. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 27,312 |
Genetic approach to regulated exocytosis using functional complementation in Paramecium: identification of the ND7 gene required for membrane fusion. | Paramecium is a unicellular organism that possesses a specialized pathway for regulated secretion that is amenable to genetic studies. Numerous mutations affecting the process have been isolated over the years, among which is a subclass blocking the terminal step of fusion of the secretory granule with the plasma membrane. We report herein the cloning by functional complementation of one such gene, ND7. The 506-amino acid polypeptide encoded by ND7 is predicted to be a type I integral membrane protein with a highly charged cytosolic domain featuring amphipathic and coiled-coil regions. This structure is compatible with the physiological data on the mutant nd7-1 suggesting that the protein is anchored in the membrane of the secretory granule and that it may interact with other proteins. This work presents the first identification by a genetic approach of a novel gene involved in regulated secretion and establishes Paramecium as a powerful model system for the genetic dissection of this process. | The experiment was conducted to optimize the conditions of A-PAGE for isolating salt soluble proteins of foxtail millet.10 foxtail millet varieties were used for A-PAGE.A number of A-PAGE electropherograms were obtained at different levels of dosage of catalyst,gel concentrations,cross-linkages,injecting volumes,pH of gel buffer,and the use of inspissate gel.The optimal conditions for A-PAGE were raised after deliberate investigation.Detailed criteria were as following: dosage of 3% H2O2 1 μl/ml gel,gel concentration 13%,cross-linkages 4%,pH of gel buffer 3.7,and the injecting volumes between 20 and 30 μl.Furthermore,the use of inspissate gel enhanced the resolution of gel electropherograms. | eng_Latn | 27,313 |
Determination of Icarrin in Jinwu Gutong Capsules by HPLC | Aim To establish an HPLC method for the determination of icarrin in Jinwu Gutong capsules.Methods Icarrin was separated on the Kromasil C 18 column at 270nm with acetonitrile-water (30∶ 70) (pH adjusted to 3.5 using triethabolamine)as a mobile phase.Results A linear relationship of icarrin was observed with in the range of 0.25μg to 2.5μg.The average recovery of icarrin was 97.9%.Conclusion The method is simple,accurate and reliable for the determineation of icarrin in Jinwu Gutong capsules. | This paper contrasts normal biochemistry reaction with MUG - Indole quick - examination in the suspicious strain of E. coli. The result shows: the biochemistry reaction of this strain conforms with national stardard in the normal examing times, and this strain is non - typical E. coli, but if citrate utilization time is extended to 144 hours, the result is changed to - + - +. The examination of MUG - Indole are negative at all. | eng_Latn | 27,314 |
Crystal and molecular structure of dinitratobis(methyl-α-picolylamine)-copper(II) | The single-crystal, X-ray analysis of dinitratobis(methyl-α-picolylamine)copper(II) has shown the crystals to be monoclinic with space group P21/c, a= 7·04(2), b= 14·60(4), c= 10·08(3)A, and β= 123·4(1)°. The structure, which has refined to a final R of 0·079, consists of strictly centro-symmetric molecules containing tetragonally distorted, octahedrally co-ordinated copper(II) ions; the mean copper–nitrogen distance is 2·03 A and the copper–oxygen distance is 2·51 A. The assignment of positional parameters to all hydrogen atoms allows a discussion of the importance of steric factors in determining the structure of this slightly overcrowded molecule. | OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for analyzing HPLC fingerprint of Herba pogostemonis and compare the variability of four main producing areas. METHODS: Diamonsil (R) C18 column was used, the Methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid (gradient elution) as a mobile phase and detection wavelength was set at 254nm, column temperature was 25 degrees C and flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. RESULTS: There were differences between the HPLC fingerprint of Herba pogostemonis from various places of production. The similarity of Herba Pogostemonis cultivated in tow regions of Zhaoqing Gaoyao and Guangzhou Huangcun was over 90%, and there were more differences among them with Zhanjiang Wuchuan and Hainan Wanning. CONCLUSION: The method is reliable and accurate. The method can be used for the identification of the crude drug and the evaluation of its quality. | eng_Latn | 27,315 |
Polarographic determination of biliary contrast agents | Abstract A simple polarographic method suitable for the determination of BILIGRAM, an iodinated biliary contrast agent acting as a specific probe of Carbon-Iodine bonds, is described, Its application to the quantitative analysis of Albumin unbound and overall BILIGRAM is reported. | To obtain the alkali metal (IUPAC, 1989) monocrystalline gallium-containing nitride gallium-containing feedstock in the environment of supercritical ammonia-containing solvent obtained by adding a mineralizer containing a method of interest in the autoclave to generate two temperature zones, one a dissolution zone of low temperatures including feedstock, other is a crystallization zone of high temperature of the lower, crystallization zone comprises at least one seed in conducting the crystallization step onto at least one seed of dissolution step and the gallium-containing nitride feedstock molar ratio of at least introducing the two components in the process environment, i.e. a) ammonia is 0.00001 to 0.2 range Patent that the molar ratio of to oxygen getters and b) ammonia is an acceptor dopant not higher than 0.001 It is a method to. Further, the present invention comprises a monocrystalline gallium-containing nitride obtained by this process. .BACKGROUND | eng_Latn | 27,316 |
Selected Chloro-Organic Detoxifications by Polychelate (Poly(acrylic acid)) and Citrate-Based Fenton Reaction at Neutral pH Environment | The use of chelating agents to modify the Fenton reaction is well-documented in the literature. Polymeric chelates (such as poly(acrylic acid), PAA) provide multiple binding sites and can complex iron ion (ferrous/ferric ion) and prevent ferric hydroxideprecipitation even at neutral pH environment. In this study, it was proven that poly(acrylic acid) could act as a polychelate in the modified Fenton reaction for the oxidation of chlorinated organic compounds (such as 2,2‘-dichlorobiphenyl and biphenyl) at neutral pH environment. Numerical simulation based on the kinetic model developed from the well-known Fenton reaction and iron−chelate chemistry fits the experimental data well for both standard and chelate-based modified Fenton reactions without pollutant. This is the first reported confirmation of the dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride from the aqueous phase by superoxide radical anion using both monomeric (citrate) and polymeric (PAA) chelate-based modified Fenton reactions. The main purpose of th... | Abstract The use of europium chelates as labels in immunoassays and their sensitive quantitation based on time-resolved fluorescence is reviewed. The technique is applied on competitive solid-phase immunoassays for direct determination of progesterone and estradiol in serum samples. Both antigen- and antibody-labelled competitive assays are described. The nonisotopic label technology, which provides a very high specific activity, as well as the antibody-labelled competitive assays, present several advantages in the assay of haptens as e.g. steroids. As the optimal sensitivity of competititive methods is not limited by the specific activity of the label the steroid assays which employ europium chelates as labels do not show any marked increase in sensitivity as compared to that achieved by using 125 I. The otential sensitivity provided by the high specific activity of the label is optimally utilized in noncompetitive immunometric assays. | eng_Latn | 27,317 |
Adjoint Mappings and Inverses of Matrices | In this paper, we investigate a general and determinantal representation, and conditions for the existence of a nonzero {2}-inverse X of a given complex matrix A. We introduce a determinantal formula for X, representing its elements in terms of minors of order s = rank(X), 1 ≤ s ≤ r = rank(A), taken from the matrix A and two adequately selected matrices. In accordance with these results, we find restrictions of the adjoint mapping such that the set A{2} is equal to the union of their images. Minors of {2}-inverses are also investigated. Restrictions to the set of {1, 2}-inverses produce the known results from [1–3, 10]. Also, in a partial case, we get known results from [11] relative to the Drazin inverse. | 1-[3-Mercaptoalkanoyl] pyroglutamic acids and 1-[3-mercaptoalkanoyl]-4-hetero (oxa, thia and aza) pyroglutamic acids were prepared and their inhibitory activities against angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were examined. (2S)-1-[(2S)-3-Mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl] pyroglutamic acid 2 was found to be the most potent orally active inhibitor of ACE of rabbit lung among the derivatives synthesized in the present study and appeared to have great potential for use as an oral antihypertensive agent. | eng_Latn | 27,318 |
SPLUNC1 Deficiency Enhances Airway Eosinophilic Inflammation in Mice | Short palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is enriched in normal airway lining fluid, but is significantly reduced in airway epithelium exposed to a Th2 cytokine milieu. The role of SPLUNC1 in modulating airway allergic inflammation (e.g., eosinophils) remains unknown. We used SPLUNC1 knockout (KO) and littermate wild-type (C57BL/6 background) mice and recombinant SPLUNC1 protein to determine the impact of SPLUNC1 on airway allergic/eosinophilic inflammation, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. An acute ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge protocol was used to induce murine airway allergic inflammation (e.g., eosinophils, eotaxin-2, and Th2 cytokines). Our results showed that SPLUNC1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of OVA-challenged wild-type mice was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), which was negatively correlated with levels of lung eosinophilic inflammation. Moreover, SPLUNC1 KO mice demonstrated significantly higher numbers of eosinophils in the lung after OVA chal... | [Objective] The aim was to discuss the new method of determining thiocyanate(SCN-) content in vegetables.[Method] CuSCN,which Cu(Ⅱ) could be reduced to Cu(Ⅰ) by ascorbic acid in the presence of acetic acid buffer medium and SCN-,then Cu(Ⅰ) was precipitated with SCN-.Using the precipitation reaction and combined with flowinjection method,the new method of flow-injection resonance light scattering was established to determine SCN-.[Result]The linear range of determination was 3-160 μg/ml.The detection limit was 0.167 g /ml SCN-.[Conclusion] The confirmed method were simple,a little reagent and wide linear range.The method was could be applied to the determination of thiocyanate in vegetables. | eng_Latn | 27,319 |
Identification of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase in bovine adrenal medulla. | The adrenal medulla contains an enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of 2',3'-cAMP to 2'-AMP. For the parameters which have been examined, the adrenal medulla 2',3'-cAMP phosphodiesterase appears to be similar to brain 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (also commonly referred to as CNPase). The apparent Km of the adrenal medulla CNPase for 2',3'-cAMP is 0.88 mM. The enzyme activity is unaltered by either EDTA, MgCl2 or CaCl2 in the presence or absence of calmodulin. The apparent molecular weight is 102,500 daltons. The function of the enzyme in either the brain or the adrenal medulla is, at the present time, unknown. | The toxic solution used at the Tokyo Subway Sarin Incident was purified by vacuum distillation. We were thus able to obtain sarin with high purity. We conducted a quantitative analysis of sarin using 31P-NMR spectrometry. High-purity sarin was examined by trimethyl phosphate as an internal standard. In comparison with 1H nondecoupling, the relative intensity between sarin and the internal standard did not change in 1H decoupling. Trimethyl phosphate is a good internal standard substance. A 31P-NMR chemical shift of trimethyl phosphate is separate from those of sarin and related compounds. Trimethyl phosphate has one phosphorus atom in the molecule, as does sarin. Since it is advantageous in the conversion of quantitative value, the molecular weight of trimethyl phosphate (m.w. 140.08) is close to that of sarin (m.w. 140.09). By using trimethyl phosphate as an internal standard, it is possible to conduct a quantitative analysis of sarin through 1H decoupled 31P-NMR spectrometry. | eng_Latn | 27,320 |
Detection of tyrosine, trace metals and nutrients in cow dung: the environmental significance in soil and water environments | This study examined the dissolved organic matter (DOM) components of cow dung using a combination of fluorescence (excitation–emission matrix, EEM) spectroscopy and parallel factor (PARAFAC) modelling along with eleven trace metals using ICP-MS and nutrients (NH4+ and NO3−) using an AA3 auto analyser. EEM–PARAFAC analysis demonstrated that cow dung predominantly contained only one fluorescent DOM component with two fluorescence peaks (Ex/Em = 275/311 nm and Ex/Em = 220/311 nm), which could be denoted as tyrosine by comparison with its standard. Occurrence of tyrosine can be further confirmed by the FTIR spectra. Trace metals analysis revealed that Na, K and Mg were significantly higher than Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn Sr, Cu, Ni and Co. The NH4+ concentrations were substantially higher than NO3−. These results thus indicate that the dissolved components of the cow dung could be useful for better understanding its future uses in various important purposes. | [Objective] To study the effects of promoting cadmium excretion by tea polyphenols(TP) and the influence on liver and kidney.[Methods] Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: ① Group-control;② Group-TP;③ Group-Cd;④ to ⑥ Group-intervention(low,medium and high dose).After 5 weeks,the serum,24 h urine,feces,liver,kidney and testis were taken for examining.[Results] The Cd level of liver and testis for Group-medium and high-dose TP were lower than that of Group-Cd(P﹤0.05),and Cd levels in urine and feces were higher than that of Cd group(P﹤0.05),and showed dose-response relationship.The Cd levels in kidney and bone for Group-intervention were similar to Group-Cd.The Cd level in liver for Group-TP was lower than Group-control.The serum level of ALT、AST、BUN、CRE for Group intervention were similar to Group-Cd.[Conclusion] Group-TP for medium and high dose can promote Cd excretion without increasing damage of liver and kidney. | eng_Latn | 27,321 |
Relative bioavailability of acetazolamide tablets | Plasma acetazolamide concentrations were determined enzymatically after administration of three tablet dosage forms and a reference solution to 12 human subjects in a crossover study. Two of the tablet products represented different lots from the same manufacturer. There were no significant differences in area under the plasma level-time curves among the four treatments. However, significant differences were found among tablets in terms of peak plasma concentration and time to reach peak concentration. These apparent differences in rate of absorption were correlated with in vitro dissolution data obtained in pH 1.5 dissolution medium. | 4 analogs of naturally occurring gallotannins have been synthesized upon acylation of sucrose by 2, 3, 6 and 8 galloyl groups. In a simple test using the DPPH radical, the antioxidant activity of such esters appears proportional to the number of the galloyl units. ::: ::: Sucrose derivatives bearing 2, 3, 6 and 8 galloyl groups have been synthesized and tested for antioxidant activity. ::: Download full-size image | eng_Latn | 27,322 |
Regulatoren der G-Protein-vermittelten Signaltransduktion (RGS) als Zielgruppe für neue Medikamente | RGS-Proteins shorten the receptor ::: activity of G-protein coupled receptors by accelerating the hydrolosis of GTP to GDP. An overexpression ::: of RGS-Proteins can therefore lead to diseases such as Parkinson, chronic ::: heart failure or epilepsy. As a result substances that inhibit the function ::: of RGS-proteins are searched for. In this work two ::: proteins that play a major role in the signal transduction cascade, RGS3 and ::: Gαq, were cloned and inserted into ::: an assay platform, the AlphaScreen-Assay. The assay ::: was then established. A ::: published RGS4-Inhibitor was tested, this substance showed no inhibition of ::: RGS3-protein. Other substances, HTS 07963, SCR 01461, HTS 05503 und ChemBridge 6372993, that had been chosen based on the ::: x-ray structure of RGS4 and Gαi were ::: also tested. They did not show an inhibition of RGS3 either. | Summary Excised cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Ohio) cotyledons were incubated with benzyladenine (BA) and/or KCl in the dark, the dark followed by light or continuous light, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) content was determined immunologically. BA, not KCl, significantly increased RuBPCase content per cotyledon in the dark. On the other hand, KCl, not BA, significantly promoted RuBPCase synthesis in light. BA+KCl enhanced BA or KCl effect on RuBPCase synthesis in both the dark and light. Dark pretreatment with water or KCl produced a lag phase before RuBPCase synthesis occurred on exposure tolight, while pretreatment with BA+KCl eliminated this lag phase. These facts indicate that BA in the dark can act instead of light in RuBPCase synthesis, while KCl increases the light effect on RuBPCase synthesis, and that potassium, cytokinin and light affect RuBPCase gene expression differentially. | deu_Latn | 27,323 |
Simultaneous determination of free and conjugated bile acids in human gastric juice by high-performance liquid chromatography | Abstract A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed for the simultaneous assay of the major free bile acids and the corresponding glycine and taurine conjugates in man. No preliminary fractionation into the free, glyco- and tauro-conjugated forms was required. An Ultrasphere ODS column with UV detection at 210 nm and methanol-acetate buffer gradient elution were used. The retention volume of the conjugates was dependent on the sodium acetate concentration in the mobile phase. The method is applicable to the quantification of intragastric bile acids with satisfactory sensitivity, selectivity and precision. Unconjugated and conjugated bile acids present in the gastric juice of patients with bile reflux gastritis were determined directly after Sep-Pak C 18 cartridge purification. | Abstract We characterize functions satisfying a dissipative inequality associated with a stochastic control problem. Such a characterization is provided in terms of an upper generalized Gaussian solution, or a viscosity supersolution to a partial differential equation called Hamilton–Jacobi equation (H–J). Links between upper generalized Gaussian solutions and viscosity supersolutions to Hamilton–Jacobi equation are studied. Finally it shows that generalized Gaussian solutions is identical to viscosity solutions to Hamilton–Jacobi equation. | eng_Latn | 27,324 |
Fluoride indicator that functions in mixed aqueous media: hydrogen bonding effects | A urea-based fluoride anion indicator, 3, that functions in mixed aqueous media is reported. Under these conditions, indicator 3 and the two control systems 1 and 2 are colorless. Addition of fluoride anions produces an easy-to-visualize colorimetric response (colorless to yellow) in the case of 3, but not 1 or 2 as the result of anion-induced Si–O bond cleavage. Most of the colorimetric response is believed to stem from an alteration in the hydrogen bonding network, rather than changes to the p-conjugation pathway per se. | Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and physical characteristics of fresh egg pasta samples obtained by using two different production methodologies: extrusion and lamination. The results of the study demonstrate that products have different characteristics in terms of colour and level of gelatinization, while they do not show significant differences with regard to the amount of absorbed water during the cooking stage. It was evaluated that it is possible to discriminate the two kinds of products by using FT-NIR spectroscopy. FT-NIR analysis results suggest the presence of a different matrix–water association, a diverse level of starch gelatinization and a distinct starch–gluten interaction in the two kinds of pasteurised samples. | eng_Latn | 27,325 |
RPA method applied to molecular crystals | A new theory is presented on the excited states of molecular crystals by using the random phase approximation (RPA). The method is applied to the analysis of the absorption spectrum of anthracene crystal. The Davydov splitting for the long axis polarized band is calculated as about 9200 cm−1 while the observed value is 9000 ∼ 12000 cm−1. In the earlier theories, much larger values are reported and a simple dipole-dipole approximation gives the value of 32000 cm−1. The general feature of the crystalline spectra is well predicted. | In order to study possible mediators of the vascular manifestations of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), several arachidonic acid metabolites were injected into guinea-pig skin. SRS-A, LTB4, LTC and LTD increased vascular permeability, responses to LTs being enhanced by PGE2. Mepyramine inhibited responses to histamine, but not those to SRS-A and LTs: the latter were inhibited by the SRS-A antagonist FPL-55712. Both mepyramine and FPL-55712 exert limited inhibitory effects on vascular permeability during PCA. Leukotrienes may contribute towards vascular permeability during PCA. | eng_Latn | 27,326 |
Determination of Phenolic Compounds from Geranium sanguineum by HPLC | Abstract A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for simultaneous determination of seventeen phenolic compounds (one phenolic acid, seven cinnamic acid derivatives, four quercetin glycosides, five flavonol, and flavone aglycones) from plant material. Separation of all examined compounds was carried out in 35 minutes on a Zorbax SB‐C18 analytical column (100×3.0 mm, 3.5 µm) with methanol‐KH2PO4 buffer (40 mM, pH 2.3) as mobile phase in a linear gradient. The linearity of calibration curves for all compounds was very good (R2>0.999). The detection limits for the determined compounds were in the range of 18.4 to 91.9 ng/mL. The method was successfully applied for the determination of phenolic compounds from Geranium sanguineum dried herb, the following phenolic compounds being identified: caftaric acid (1.30 mg/g), caffeic acid (2.41 mg/g), hyperoside (1.64 mg/g), isoquercitrin (2.58 mg/g), rutin (1.71 mg/g), quercitrin (0.42 mg/g), quercetin (0.82 mg/g), kaempferol (0.19 m... | Granular sedimenting growth in liquid medium is one of the principal characters differentiating microbe G (bacillus of rabbit septicemia) from its parent D form. Type G exhibits the granular appearance not only in plain broth, but in serum broth and in undiluted serum as well. This fact led to the examination of the comparative acid flocculation points of the two types. The method used was that of Michaelis, later described in full by Beniasch.The suspensions of types G and D were prepared by washing the sediments from 5 per cent. serum broth cultures in large volumes of distilled water. After this procedure had been repeated four times, the final suspensions were carefully brought to equal turbidity. Prepared in this way, the G type suspension shows a stability equal to that of D.The tests for acid agglutinability were carried out with mixtures of Na lactate-lactic acid, range PH = 4.7 to PH = 2.4, and with Na acetate-acetic acid, range PH = 5.6 to PH = 3.2. The mixtures of these buffer series with the m... | eng_Latn | 27,327 |
Enzymic Resolution of (±)-axial-Alcohols via Asymmetric Hydrolysis of Corresponding Chloroacetates by Microorganisms | Asymmetric hydrolysis of chloroacetates of (±)-axial-alcohols (±)-neomenthol (2), (1RS, 4aRS, 8aSR)-decahydro-l-naphthol (6) by Trichoderma koningi gave (–)-(1S, 3R, 4R) neomenthol (2) (54% optical purity, o.p.) and (–)-(1R, 4aR, 8aS)-decahydro-1-naphthol (6) (66% o.p.) with their enantiomeric chloroacetates. However, the chloroacetate of (2RS, 4aRS, 8aSi?)-decahydro-2-naphthol (10) was hydrolyzed by T. koningi to give the (—)-alcohol (10) (12% o.p.) with lowenantioselectivity. | The material comprises 34 patients with anicteric biliary diseases, 20 with obstructive jaundice, 8 with hepatic cirrhosis, and 3 with haemochromatosis. The intestinal contents were aspirated in four subsequent periods of 20 minutes each after ingestion of a standard meal. The volume, pH, and the concentration of alpha-amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and lipase were determined in the collections. The concentration of lipase was more markedly reduced than concentrations of amylase and of trypsin in patients with anicteric biliary diseases and in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Concentrations of enzymes below the lowest normal value throughout the period of digestion represented an uncommon finding. The exocrine pancreatic function is rarely found to be reduced in patients with biliary or with hepatic disorders. | eng_Latn | 27,328 |
[Effects of beta-asarone on expression of FOS and GAD65 in cortex of epileptic rat induced by penicillin]. | OBJECTIVE ::: To study effects of beta-asarone on expression of FOS and GAD65 in cortex of epileptic rat induced by penicillin. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: The epileptic animal models were induced by penicillin. The rats were randomly divided into beta-asarone of high (100 mg/kg), medium (50 mg/kg), low (25 mg/kg) dose group, positive control group (Phenytoin sodium), negative control group (matrix). The medicine was administered orally. The effects of beta-asarone on expression of FOS and GAD65 in cortex of epileptic rat were detected by immuohistochemistry method. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: beta-asarone could raise expression of FOS and reduce expression of GAD65 obviously. There were significant differences between negative control group and beta-asarone group. And it showed significant dose-effect relationship. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: Up-regulation of FOS may be a effective link of anti-epileptic effect of beta-asarone; reduced expression of GAD65 may be a follow-up impact of beta-asarone treatment. | A method for determination of benzimidazoles residue in raw milk was developed using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).Ethyl acetate was used to extract the target analyte from raw milk,extraction was degreased and cleaned up with Waters Oasis MCX solid phase extraction(SPE) column for UPLC-MS/MS.The liquid chromatography separation was carried on C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm i.d.,1.7 μm)with acetonitrile and water(added 0.1% formic acid) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3mL/min.The mass spectrometry was performed in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode.The limits of detection(LOD) of the method were 0.5 μg/kg and the limits of quantification(LOQ) were 1.0 μg/kg.The method has good repeatability and high sensitivity,and can be applied for the determination of ben-zimidazoles in raw milk. | eng_Latn | 27,329 |
Content variations in compositions and volatile component in jujube fruits during the blacking process | Dried jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) was incubated at high temperature and humidity for 96 hr in blacking process and sampled every 12 hr. Results showed that the saccharose reduced from 195.6 to 3.1 g/kg rapidly in 24 hr. The total acid content was mild with 8.82 g/kg and increased to 23.45 g/kg by 177.21% with thermal processing for 96 hr. The contents of total polyphenols were enhanced during 0-48 hr processing, and the amount of the compound increased with treatment by 50.99%. The total reducing sugar increased 29.79% on 60 hr. cAMP was decreased with aging and ripening by 65.85%. 5-HMF was keep growing to 3.52 g/kg. The volatile component had great change in black jujube fruits compared to untreated jujubes, especially treated in 12 hr. The results indicated that backing pretreatment can facilitate the generation of functional food materials and support the development of this nutrition product. | Under war conditions, which have continued to prevail since this topic was last reviewed,! even English and American scientific period icals usually require several months to reach Australia. MOl"eover, the slow mail schedules have necessitated an early dispatch of the typescript of this review. Consequently it has not been possible to in corporate material pUblished overseas much later than the middle of 1944. It has been necessary, too, to rely occasionally upon abstracting journals. In particular, and as the matters can be embraced in other sections of this volume, the sulfur-containing vitamins and chemo therapeutic agents have been excluded. | eng_Latn | 27,330 |
Photodecomposition of adsorbed ethanoic acid over silica gel catalyst in a flow system | The photodecomposition of ethanoic acid adsorbed on silica gels from various sources was studied at wavelengths greater than 300 nm. The experiments were carried out in a flow apparatus. A few photoreactivity tests using acetone or ethanol were also performed. The photodecomposition of ethanoic acid and acetone produced mainly carbon dioxide and methane, in the ratio 2:1, and traces of ethane and methanol. Adsorbed ethanol was not affected at all by the radiation. Infrared and UV-vis reflectance spectra of ethanoic acid adsorbed on silica gels as well as UV-vis reflectance spectra of acetone and ethanol adsorbed on silica gels were recorded. The spectra show the presence of a variety of adsorbed species. It is suggested that the origin of photoreactivity for ethanoic acid is due to a chromophore group of surface esters. A reaction mechanism which accounts for the ratio 2:1 of carbon dioxide to methane is proposed. | Objective:In order to enhance the anti-tumor activity of polysaccharide compound,to establish the method for the content determination of the polysaccharides.Method:On the basis of the traditional water extraction and alcohol precipitation,it adopted a preliminary purification process of anhydrous ethanol,ethyl ether,acetone.It applies of the anthrone sulfuric acid method of determination of polysaccharide.Result:After a preliminary purification procedure of polysaccharides,the compound gets the compound content of 24.9%.Conclusion:The method is simple and stable.It can be used for determination of the polysaccharides. | eng_Latn | 27,331 |
Research on the Composition of Proteins of Barley | Systemic analysis of the composition of proteins of bar le y was done by the application of SDS-PAGE electrophyresis tech-niques.And the research results indicated that the composition of water-soluble proteins,sal t-soluble proteins and alkili-soluble pro-teins was basically the same for b arley of different varieties.However,evident difference of the composition o f alcohol-soluble proteins was found and the30000～45000Da different iation in molecular weight was the main evidence.Accordingly,alcohol-soluble proteins could be used as the evidence for the determination of barley varietie s.(Tran.by YUE Yang) | The success of drug development is greatly influenced by the efficiency of drug screening methods. Recently, phenotype-based screens have raised expectations, based on their proven record of identifying first-in-class drugs at a higher rate. Although fluorescence images are the data most commonly used in phenotype-based cell-based assays, nonstained cellular images have the potential to provide new descriptive information about cellular responses. In this study, we applied morphology-based evaluation of nonlabeled microscopic images to a phenotype-based assay. As a study case, we attempted to increase the efficiency of a cell-based assay for chemical compounds that induce production of nerve growth factor (NGF), using lyconadin B as a model compound. Because the total synthesis of lyconadin B was accomplished very recently, there is no well-established cell-based assay scheme for further drug screening. The conventional cell-based assay for evaluating NGF induction requires two types of cells and a total ... | eng_Latn | 27,332 |
[Purification of a special estrogen-binding protein from the liver of rats by affinity chromatography on estradiol sepharose]. | A procedure has been developed for purification of a special rat liver estrogen-binding protein. It includes protein precipitation by ammonium sulfate, gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography on estradiol sepharose. The protein is purified 2260-fold with a 27% yield. Upon electrophoresis in 10% PAG in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate the protein gives one polypeptide strip with a molecular weight of 31.200 +/- 400 dalton. | PURPOSE: Provided is a batchwise esterification process which has the advantage that, compared with known batchwise processes, the reaction rate is increased, as a result that the cycle time can be reduced, which gives a higher space-time yield of ester product. CONSTITUTION: The process for preparing carboxylic esters comprises reacting dicarboxylic or polycarboxylic acids or their anhydrides with alcohols in a liquid medium; removing water formed by the esterification reaction by azeotropic distillation together with the alcohol in the medium, wherein the amount of liquid removed from the reaction medium by azeotropic distillation is replaced in whole or in part with the alcohol. The amount of liquid removed by azeotropic distillation is supplemented in whole or in part by separating the liquid which is removed into a water phase and an alcohol phase; and then recirculating the alcohol phase to the esterification reaction medium. | eng_Latn | 27,333 |
GC separation of amino acid enantiomers via derivatization with heptafluorobutyl chloroformate and Chirasil-L-Val column. | Heptafluorobutyl chloroformate (HFBCF), a recently introduced derivatization reagent, was examined in enantioseparation of amino acids (AAs) by GC. Twenty proteinogenic AAs, plus ornithine, cystine and 4-fluorophenylalanine (internal standard) were treated with the reagent and separation properties of the derivatives were assessed on a Chirasil-Val capillary column. Nineteen AA enantiomers were efficiently separated in 43 min except proline, arginine and cystine. The HFBCF derivatives of the studied DL-AAs show improved separation over other chloroformate-based derivatives hitherto reported. A combination of the improved and faster separation with a simple derivatization protocol, involving an immediate one-step reaction-extraction in two-phase aqueous-organic medium, and low elution temperatures extend application of HFBCF to chiral AA analysis. | Mid-infrared spectra of whey and casein hydrolysates were recorded using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Multivariate data analysis techniques were used to investigate the capacity of FTIR spectra to classify hydrolysates and to study the ability of the spectra to predict bitterness, solubility, emulsifying, and foaming properties of hydrolysates. Principal component analysis revealed that hydrolysates prepared from different protein sources or with different classes of proteolytic enzymes are distinguished effectively on basis of their FTIR spectra. Moreover, multivariate regression analysis showed satisfactory to good prediction of functional parameters; the coefficient of determination (R2) varied from 0.60 to 0.92. The accurate prediction of bitterness and emulsion forming ability of hydrolysates by using only one uncomplicated and rapid analytical method has not been reported before. FTIR spectra in combination with multivariate data analysis proved to be valuable in protein hydrolysa... | eng_Latn | 27,334 |
Purification and characterization of a highly selective epoxide hydrolase from Nocardia sp. EH1. | A highly enantioselective, soluble epoxide from Nocardia sp. EH1 was purified to homogeneity via a four-step procedure: (i) hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B, (ii) anion exchange chromatography on SOURCE 30Q, followed by (iii) a second hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl Sepharose HP, and finally (iv) gel-filtration on Superdex 75 HR 10/30. The pure protein was shown to be a monomer of integral of 34 kDa possessing an optimum pH of 8-9. Neither UV-absorbing cofactors nor metal ions were required for activity. In contrast to whole-cell activity, the partially purified enzyme proved to be considerably less stable. Stabilization was achieved by addition of non-ionic detergents such as Tween 80 or Triton X-100, causing a shift of the temperature optimum from 35 to 40 degrees C. Both effects combined led to an enhancement of the relative activity of up to approximately 150% of that of the native enzyme. | In this paper,the application of sodium humate in boiler water treatment was discussed.The complex of sodium humate,NaCO3 and NaOH expresses a high efficiency in water treatment and costs much lower when compared with the complex agents composed of Na3PO4·12H2O,EDTMP+HPMA and sodium humate. | eng_Latn | 27,335 |
Diagnostic Value of Urinary Enzyme Determinations | Information on physiology and pathology of urinary enzymatic activities is compiled. Attention is focused on the diagnostic applicability of urinary enzyme determinations. The data collected may stimulate the clinical chemist as well as the clinician to greater use of urinary enzymatic determinations. In many respects, systematic investigations still are lacking. | We have recently developed the laser-Raman technique as a means of unambiguously measuring the partial pressures of all possible hydrogen isotopes in the gas phase. Using this technique we have investigated the hydrogen-deuterium exchange in a number of metals. This report presents detailed data for isotopic exchange in the palladium hydride system over the temperature range 26{degree}C to -100{degree}C at a pressure of 7 atm. First order kinetic rate constants and activation energies are summarized for the forward (hydride to deuteride) and reverse (deuteride to hydride) exchange processes. In addition, we have found that small amounts (100 ppm) of impurities in the exchange gases considerably slow the exchange kinetics with the effect increasing down the series CH{sub 4}, CO{sub 2}, H{sub 2}O, and CO. 9 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab. | eng_Latn | 27,336 |
Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Cu/ZnSOD from Panax Ginseng | Superoxide dismutase (SOD) has a strong antioxidant effect, but the traditional SOD extraction method is not the most efficient method of SOD amplification. In this study, we report the cloning of the Cu/ZnSOD gene from Panax ginseng into a temperature-regulated expression plasmid, pBV220. Cu/ZnSOD inclusion bodies were expressed in E. coli at a high level. Then, the inclusion bodies were purified by ion-exchange chromatography and molecular sieve chromatography. Finally, we obtained stable SOD in the bacterial broth, with a protein content of 965 mg/L and enzyme specific activity of 9389.96 U/mg. These results provide a foundation for future studies on the antioxidant mechanisms of ginseng and the development and application of ginseng Cu/ZnSOD. | Abstract The projectile X-ray detection method (PXD) has been set up in the China Institute of Atomic Energy AMS system. Using this method, the half-life of 79Se and 75Se have been measured, the intensity of 64Cu radioactive nuclear beams have been identified, and the upper limit of transition probability of the first excited state of 64Cu was obtained. | eng_Latn | 27,337 |
The Synthesis of Threonine and Thiothreonine from o-Phospho-Homoserine by Extracts Prepared from Higher Plants | Summary Threonine synthase (E.C. 4.2.99.2) was found to be present in homogenates of pea seedlings and Lemna minor. Enzymatically formed theornine was detected by thin layer chromatography and measured quantitatively. After incubation with [35S]-Na2S, labeled thiothreonine was identified by thin layer chromatography and paper electrophoresis. | During the last ten years there have been significant changes in the role that Phosphorus has played in Crop Protection. In commercial terms, sales of organophosphate insecticides have steadily declined; this has been due to the withdrawal of a number of products due to regulatory and industry pressure, along with the introduction of safer, lower-use rate insecticides. With herbicides, the story is different; due to the introduction of genetically modified crops, sales of products such as Glyphosate and Glufosinate have increased. In the area of fungicides, Phosphorus has so far had little impact. Despite these successes, new crop protection agents containing Phosphorus that have reached the market place remain elusive. In this article, I discuss some recent market trends and summarize some approaches toward identifying new herbicides containing Phosphorus. | eng_Latn | 27,338 |
CHARACTERISATION OF THE FORM OF P-450 INDUCED BY METHYLENEDIOXY COMPOUNDS IN RATS AND MICE | A number of methylenedioxyphenyl compounds induce in rats and mice a form of P-450 which is different from that induced by phenobarbitone, 20 methylcholanthrene or pregnenolone carbonitrile. A close correlation between the size of the reduced spectrum which has a maximum at 455nm (and is displaceable by 2-heptylbenzimidazole) and the extent of induction is observed in both rats and mice. | The experiment was conducted to optimize the conditions of A-PAGE for isolating salt soluble proteins of foxtail millet.10 foxtail millet varieties were used for A-PAGE.A number of A-PAGE electropherograms were obtained at different levels of dosage of catalyst,gel concentrations,cross-linkages,injecting volumes,pH of gel buffer,and the use of inspissate gel.The optimal conditions for A-PAGE were raised after deliberate investigation.Detailed criteria were as following: dosage of 3% H2O2 1 μl/ml gel,gel concentration 13%,cross-linkages 4%,pH of gel buffer 3.7,and the injecting volumes between 20 and 30 μl.Furthermore,the use of inspissate gel enhanced the resolution of gel electropherograms. | yue_Hant | 27,339 |
Residue decline study and risk assessment of thiamethoxam in wheat | In order to evaluate the safety and regular use of thiamethoxam 200 g/L SC,the terminal residue and decline dynamic of thiamethoxam in wheat plant,wheat straw and wheat grain were investigated and the samples were analyzed by HPLC-UVD in Anhui and Jinlin Province.The results indicated that the decline curves of thiamethoxam in wheat plant accorded the first-order kinetics.The half-life of thiamethoxam was 4.6 d in Anhui and 5.9 d in Jinlin.The terminal residue indicated that when the wheat plant was sprayed 2 times with thiamethoxam 200 g/L SC with the recommended dosage of 12.6 g a.i/hm2,and the last application was done 21 d after harvesting,the residue of thiamethoxam in wheat were lower than the MRL of Japan:0.02 mg/kg.By calculating,the intakes of thiamethoxam per man and per day from wheat was 0.035 6 mg.Risk quotient(RQ) was 0.028.The residue could be declined to the safety level. | Abstract Photosensitivity based practical applications of chalcogenide glasses such as high resolution inorganic photoresists require thorough understanding of the relations between the glass structure and the etching kinetics. In this paper we report on the selective wet etching of thermally evaporated As2Se3 thin films carried out using amine based solutions. The relation between photo- and thermo-induced structural changes in thin As2Se3 films and the decrease of the etching rate, increase of the etching process' activation energy respectively, was determined. | eng_Latn | 27,340 |
1994 E.W.R. STEACIE AWARD LECTURE APPLICATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY TO A BIOLOGICAL PROBLEM | Aspen that bear a certain type of black gall have a lower incidence of heartwood rot (caused by the fungus Phellinustremulae) than do nearby non-gall trees. Efforts to determine the chemical nature of this black gall effect are described. The metabolites of some fungi associated with the black gall (Phomaetheridgei, Stachybotryscylindrospora), and of the rotting fungus Phellinustremulae, are described. Extracts of the black gall tissue have a very high concentration of benzoic acid and it is suggested that the benzoic acid may play a role in the protection of the galled trees. Keywords: fungal metabolites, aspen, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, black galls on aspen, Phellinustremulae. | Flow Injection (FI) techniques for use with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) ::: have attracted considerable research interest for sample introduction and calibration ::: strategies. The interest continues in on-line preconcentration and matrix modification ::: which are carried out by the incorporation of liquid-liquid extraction, ion-exchange, ::: immobilised reagents, gas/vapour generation and continuous precipitation-filtration ::: devices into suitably designed manifolds. Indirect determination of inorganic anions and ::: organic compounds is becoming routine by FI–flame AAS. The direct analysis of solid ::: samples, which is a shortcoming of flame AAS, was recently carried out by on-line ::: electrolytic dissolutions. [Continues.] | yue_Hant | 27,341 |
Novel applications of nuclear-reaction analysis to hydrogen-bearing solids | Abstract We have explored the radiolytic action of the analyzing 15 N beam on thick samples of hydrogenated carbon. The exposure induced a reduction of the Doppler width compatible with the destruction of carbon-hydrogen bonds and the formation of molecular hydrogen. | Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and physical characteristics of fresh egg pasta samples obtained by using two different production methodologies: extrusion and lamination. The results of the study demonstrate that products have different characteristics in terms of colour and level of gelatinization, while they do not show significant differences with regard to the amount of absorbed water during the cooking stage. It was evaluated that it is possible to discriminate the two kinds of products by using FT-NIR spectroscopy. FT-NIR analysis results suggest the presence of a different matrix–water association, a diverse level of starch gelatinization and a distinct starch–gluten interaction in the two kinds of pasteurised samples. | eng_Latn | 27,342 |
Determination of Phosphorus in Foods by Microwave Ashing and Molecular Absorption Spectrometry | [Objective]To establish a method for determination of phosphorus in foods by microwave ashing and molecular absorption spectrometry.[Methods]The samples were incinerated by microwave ashing method,and the determination results were compared with that of GB method.[Results]According to precision test,RSD was 1.5%.Recovery rate was 90.0%～95.8%.There was no significant different in the determination results between microwave ashing method and GB method.[Conclusion]The microwave ashing method for determination of phosphorus in foods has high accuracy and good reproducibility,which is worth popularizing. | Efficient and specific delivery of antisenses (ASs) and protection of the sequences from degradation are critical factors for effective therapy. Sustained release nanoparticles (NP) offer increased resistance to nuclease degradation, increased amounts of AS uptake, and the possibility of control in dosing and sustained duration of AS administration. The biodegradable and biocompatible poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA) was utilized to encapsulate AS directed against osteopontin (OPN), which is a promising therapeutic target in mammary carcinoma. Whole body biodistribution of OPN AS NP was evaluated in comparison to naked AS, in intact and mammary carcinoma metastasis model bearing rats. Naked and NP encapsulated AS exhibited different biodistribution profiles. AS NP, in contrast to naked AS, tended to accumulate mostly in the spleen, liver, and at the tumor inoculation site. Drug levels in intact organs were negligible. The elimination of naked AS was faster, due to rapid degradation of th... | eng_Latn | 27,343 |
Solubility of Maltose in Water in the Presence of Glucose and Maltotriose | The solubility of maltose was investigated within a temperature range of 40-70 o C. Depending on the specific enzymatic starch conversion process, maltose syrups may contain significant amounts of glucose (DP1), maltotriose (DP3) and higher saccharides (DP>3). It is assumed that these components may affect the solubility of maltose analogous to the sucrose solubility in the presence of raffinose. For the purpose of this work solubility measurements with up to 60% (weight % related to mass water) DP1 and DP3 were carried out | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 27,344 |
A concise route to iboga-analogues via the formation of suitably substituted-2-indoles | A concise route to iboga-analogues has been developed. Important steps include a Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling of Boc-2-idodaniline with terminal alkynes and the formation of 2-substituted indoles in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride to give the key intermediate, dehydroisoquinuclidine-containing indole. The final step cyclization between indole-3-position and dehydroisoquinuclidine ring was achieved using Pd(II)–Ag(I) mixed metal-mediated cyclization method. Both exo- and endo-substitution with –CO2Me at C19 have been reported. | In order to study the influence of difference in C_2H_2 concentration on the ::: production of CO_2, N_2O,NH_4-N and volatile fatty acids (VFA), soil slurries with a gradient in ::: C_2H_2 concentration were anaerobicallyincubated at 25°C for 2 weeks. Acetate, butyrate and ::: CO_2 production and NH_4-N accumulation wereinhibited in the slurries in the presence of ::: C_2H_2; and the inhibition effect increased with increasing C_2H_2from 0 to 20 kpa in the ::: headspace gas of the incubation bottle. However, N_2O, isobutyrate and propionateproduction ::: was not obviously different among the slurries amended with C_2H_2 from 2.5 to 20 kpa. ::: Therefore,the results implied that the C_2H_2 did not promote the inhibition but only increased ::: the side effect onother microbial processes. The C_2H_2 of 2.5 kpa was suggested to be the ::: optimum choice for the presentdenitrification study. | eng_Latn | 27,345 |
Simultaneous determination of some artificial sweeteners in ternary formulations by FT-IR and EI-MS | Artificial sweeteners are widely used in food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries all over the world. In this study some non-nutritive sweeteners such as aspartame, acesulfame-K, sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin were simultaneously determined in ternary mixtures using FT-IR and EI-MS measurements. FT-IR method is based on direct measurements of the peak height values and area centered on 1736 cm−1, 836 cm−1, 2854 cm−1 and 1050 cm−1 for aspartame, acesulfame-K, sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin, respectively. Mass spectrometry determinations show the characteristic peaks at m/z 91 and 262 for aspartame,m/z 43 and 163 acesulfame-K,m/z 83 and 97 for sodium cyclamate andm/z 104 and 183 for sodium saccharin. The results obtained by EI-MS in different formulations are in agreement with the FT-IR ones and provide also essential data concerning the purity grade of the components. It is concluded that FT-IR and EI-MS procedures developed in this work represent a fast, sensitive and low cost alternativ... | Abstract The use of zinc tetrafluoroborate as a catalyst in Mannich-type addition of silyl enol ethers to aldimines in aqueous THF provides β-amino ketones or β-amino esters in high yields. A one-pot reaction of an aldehyde, amine and silyl enolate also works well. | eng_Latn | 27,346 |
Effect of FA composition on epoxidation kinetics of TAG | The rate constants of epoxidation were determined by reacting formic acid with a number of oils, pure TAG, and pure FAME. These results showed that FA composition had a significant effect on the value of the rate constant. In TAG, the double bonds of oleic acid and linoleic acid were equally reactive, and the double bonds of linolenic acid were approximately three times more reactive than oleic and linoleic acids. For FAME, the rate constants of epoxidation increased as the level of unsaturation increased. Furthermore, the rate constants of epoxidation for the FAME were higher than their respective TAG. We conclude that steric and electronic effects caused FA with different levels of unsaturation to have different reactivities. These results were used to derive a model that predicts the epoxidation kinetics of oils from their FA composition. The predictions of the model closely match the experimentally determined rate constants. | This paper describes a simple and more sensitive reversed-phase HPLC method for the quantification of phenol, 4-nitrophenol and beta-naphthol and some of their glucuronide and sulphate conjugates in aqueous solution and liver perfusate buffer. Methanol-water mobile phases with ion-pairing agents for each phenolic group are detailed. The assay showed good recovery, accuracy and precision and is suitable for the quantification of these phenolic compounds in liver perfusion experiments. | eng_Latn | 27,347 |
EXPRESSION OF p53 PROTEIN, nm23-H1 PROTEIN, EGFR AND CEA IN THE PRIMARY AND RECURRENT TISSUES OF COLORECTAL CANCER | Objective: To elucidate the role of p53, nm23-H1, EGFR and CEA in the local recurrence of colorectal cancer. Methods: To examine the expression of p53,nm23H1,EGFR and CEA by ABC immunohistochemical staining in the primary and recurrent lesions in colorectal carcinomas. Results: The positive rate of p53 in recurrent tissue in 20 colorectal cancers was significantly higher than that in primary tissue. Increased expression of p53,EGFR and CEA was seen in the recurrent tumors, compared with the primary tumors. The expression of nm23-H1 was weaker in the recurrence than that in the primary tumors, but the difference was not significant. The differentiation of tumor tissue was weaker in the recurrent tumor than in the primary tumor. Conclusion: These results suggested that p53, nm23-H1, EGFR and CEA might play an important role in the local recurrent process in colorectal cancers and the recurrent tumors were more malignant than the primary tumors. | Abstract Protease activity from extracts of the stomach and hepatopancreas of the European lobster have been examined and compared. pH Activity profiles for hydrolysis of casein were similar for both extracts with optimal action at pH 2.3 and 5.8. The extracts of the hepatopancreas contained endoproteases—elastase (EC 3.4.21.36), trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) and exoproteases—leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1) and carboxypeptidases a (EC 3.4.17.1) and carboxypeptidase b (EC 3.4.17.2). It was not possible to detect any chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) activity. The acidic protease activity (optimal at pH 2.3) did not hydrolyse N -acetyl phenylalanyl di-iodotyrosine (a pepsin-specific substrate) nor was the action at acid pH inhibited by the pepsin specific inhibitor pepstatin A. The physiological significance of this protease action at acid pH values is in doubt since it is not observed in other crustaceans nor was it detected in parallel experiments on whole gut extracts of the shrimp Penaeus monodon . | yue_Hant | 27,348 |
Determination of Sufentanil Concentration in Human Plasma by HPLC with UV Detection | Objective To determine the concentration of sufentanil in human plasma by HPLC with ultraviolet detection.Methods Fentanyl was used as internal standard.The samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction method with n-hexane and ethanol(19:1,V/V).Sufentanil in human plasma was determined by HPLC with Diamonsil C18 analysis column(4.6 mm×200 mm,5 μm).Flow rate of the mobile phase of 0.015 mol/L potassium,acetonitrile(69:31,V/V,pH=3)was 1.0 ml/min and the wavelength of detection was 200 nm.Results Calibration curve for sufentanil was linear in the range of 2 to 500 ng/mL(r = 0.999 6).The detection limit was 1 ng/mL.The method recovery was 99.36±2.75%.The extraction recovery was 98.53±2.49%.The intraday RSD was 6.75±6.18%,the interday RSD was 5.62± 4.48%.Conclusion This method was simple and accurate for the determination of sufentanil in human plasma and useful for clinical pharmacokinetic study of sufentanil. | Abstract Two methods for calculating activity coefficients of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and its blends with pure alcohols (C1–C5), namely, UNIFAC-continuous and UNIFAC-Dortmund-continuous, are presented. ULSD was modeled as a continuous blend of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics. The molar distribution in each family was expressed as a function of carbon number using the gamma distribution function. The parameters of the distribution function can be easily fitted from experimental distillation data of ULSD and extrapolated to n-alcohol/ULSD blends. The activity coefficients obtained were used to model the ASTM D86 distillation curves. UNIFAC-Dortmund-continuous exhibited the best fitting to the experimental results. Based on that, three new correlations for calculating the boiling point, vapor pressure and structural groups of complex ULSD are proposed here. | eng_Latn | 27,349 |
Automatic Potentiometric Titration Determination of Total Acidity in Sulfur | Basing on samples of imported industrial sulfur in Alashankou port,the automatic potentiometric titration determination of total acidity was established.The titration mode,main titration parameters and the dissolving time of the samples were studied.Each sample tested 10 times,the relative standard deviation was 1.6560% ~ 1.7857%,and in the recovery experiment,the recovery rate was 98.56% ~ 101.02%,which proved that automatic potentiometric titration method possessed high precision and accuracy. | SUMMARY: A complete medium of defined composition has been developed for quantitative growth of wild-type and auxotrophic mutant strains of Anacystis nidulans. This medium has proved to be more satisfactory than other complex media (for example casein hydrolysate, yeast extract) for both the isolation and the growth of auxo-trophs. Rigorous control of the pH of complete and other supplemented media is essential for quantitative growth on agar. Four diagnostic media are described which each contain a different combination of the supplements used in the complete medium and facilitate the identification of the nutritional requirements of mutants. By using these media a number of auxotrophs have been isolated including five with novel phenotypes which require respectively (i) thiamine, (ii) p-aminobenzoic acid, (iii) a combination of pyruvate or acetate plus malate or succinate or fumarate, (iv) serine or glycine and (v) adenine. | eng_Latn | 27,350 |
[Diagnostic value of examination of the magnesium homeostasis in children with attention deficit syndrome with hyperactivity]. | We followed, within the present case study, 51 children, aged 6 to 11, with attention deficit hyperactive syndrome (ADHS); special biochemical tests were made. The magnesium level was found to be moderately decreased in plasma and erythrocytes and the Mg2+ -ATPase activity was reduced in ADHS children. No essential changes of calcium or sodium homeostasis were detected in cells. The MAGNE-B6 drug, when used in the complex therapy of ADHS, normalizes the magnesium homeostasis, it enhances the large and small motility, attention, psychic stability and EEG parameters, and it reduces anxiety. The method of determination of magnesium in erythrocytes and in blood plasma can be used to detect the deficit of the microelement in patients and to monitor the efficiency of therapy. | The MOLMAP descriptor relies on a Kohonen SOM that defines types of covalent bonds on the basis of their physicochemical and topological properties. The MOLMAP descriptor of a molecule represents the types of bonds available in that molecule. The MOLMAP descriptor of a reaction is defined as the difference between the MOLMAPs of the products and the reactants and numerically encodes the pattern of changes in bonds during a chemical reaction. In this study, a genome-scale data set of enzymatic reactions available in the KEGG database was encoded by the MOLMAP descriptors and was explored for the assignment of the official EC number from the reaction equation with Random Forests as the machine learning algorithm. EC numbers were correctly assigned in 95%, 90%, and 85% (for independent test sets) at the class, subclass, and subsubclass EC number level, respectively, with training sets including one reaction from each available full EC number. Increasing differences between training and test sets were explore... | eng_Latn | 27,351 |
Kinetics of the addition of trinitromethane to acrylic acid in water | 1. ::: ::: The kinetics of the addition of trinitromethane to acrylic acid in acid medium (0.01–2 N HCl) was investigated, and it was found that the reaction proceeds according to second order. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 2. ::: ::: The influence of temperature on the rate of addition of trinitromethane to acrylic acid was studied. | A fluorometric enzyme assay was developed to evaluate the ability of a variety of compounds to bind to and/or inhibit pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase I. Among these compounds were a series of chloromethyl ketone analogues of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) which had previously been shown to possess TRH-like activity in the central nervous system and have now been found to be good inhibitors of pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase. Thus, it is suggested that the observed TRH-like CNS activity could derive indirectly from inhibition of endogenous TRH degradation by pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase I. | eng_Latn | 27,352 |
Measuring GPCR Stoichiometry Using Types-1, -2, and -3 Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Assays. | How G protein-coupled receptors are assembled is a matter of considerable interest owing in large part to their remarkable pharmacological importance. For determining receptor stoichiometry, resonance energy transfer-based methods offer considerable advantages insofar as they provide the necessary spatial resolution, and because measurements can be made in situ, relatively easily. This chapter describes three complementary stoichiometric assays that rely on measurements of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. These quantitative approaches make it possible to identify true protein-protein interactions from non-specific associations that inevitably result from constraining proteins in cellular membranes. In our experience, concordant data obtained in two or more of these assays, benchmarked with suitable controls, strongly predict receptor stoichiometry. | Objective To explore the evaluation method for in vitro release of multi component in Gardenia Total Glycosides Sustained-release Tablets. Methods Rotating basket method was carried out to determine the release rate. HPLC method was employed to assess the release rate of gardenoside, genipingeniobioside, and geniposide, and UV method was used to determine the total glycosides. Results The release rates of gardenoside, genipingeniobioside, geniposide, and total glycosides were similar. Similarity factors were 81%, 72%, and 91%. The data of cumulative release rate fitted best with Higuchi model. The release of Gardenia Total Glycosides Sustained-release Tablets had a well-balanced release behavior. Conclusion Quality of multi-components in Gardenia Total Glycosides Sustained-release Tablets can be controlled effectively by the method. | kor_Hang | 27,353 |
A novel fluorescent chemosensor based on tetra-peptides for detecting zinc ions in aqueous solutions and live cells. | A fluorescent chemosensor is a powerful analytical tool for the visualization and quantitation of analytes in living cells, tissue slices, and whole bodies. Peptides with a reporter ionophore are very valuable as fluorescent chemosensors, because of their higher biological compatibility and solubility compared to organic dyes, and they are more stable than proteins in aqueous solutions. Herein, we report a novel peptide fluorescent chemosensor (HL) based on tetra-peptides conjugated with dansyl groups, which was synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis. This chemosensor selectively and sensitively detects Zn2+ based on the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) effect by turn-on response in 100% aqueous solutions. As designed, HL can penetrate live HeLa cells and image intracellular Zn2+ by turn-on response. Moreover, HL exhibits low biotoxicity with a limit of detection (LOD) of about 32 nM for Zn2+, implying that HL acts as a highly useful peptide fluorescent chemosensor for biological systems. | Objective To study the best extracting technology of Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.Methods The total polysaccharides and total saponins were determined by UV spectrophotometer.With the content of total polysaccharides and total saponins as comprehensive indexes,orthogonal test was applied to investigation of the water addition,extraction time,and extraction times for optimizing the best extracting technology.Results The best extracting technology was using 10 times the amount of water,extracting 3 times and 1.5 h per time.Conclusion The extraction technology is safe and effective,which can be used as extraction for Compound Taizishen Granule prescription. | eng_Latn | 27,354 |
The First Direct Detection of Rapid Migration of Acidic Protons between Heteropolyanions in H3PW12O40·nH2O (n < 6) by 31P NMR | The dynamic behavior of the acidic protons in a hydrated pseudoliquid phase of H3PW12O40·nH2O (n < 6) was analyzed by means of 31P magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR. With this method the “isolated” acidic protons on heteropolyanions were distinguished from protons in H3O+ and H5O2+. At 173 K, as evidenced by four 31P MAS NMR peaks, these “isolated” protons were distributed among polyanions so that heteropolyanions directly bonding to 0, 1, 2, and 3 isolated acidic protons(s) coexist. At 298 K, these peaks coalesced, directly demonstrating for the first time the rapid migration of the isolated protons between heteropolyanions. | Objective:In order to enhance the anti-tumor activity of polysaccharide compound,to establish the method for the content determination of the polysaccharides.Method:On the basis of the traditional water extraction and alcohol precipitation,it adopted a preliminary purification process of anhydrous ethanol,ethyl ether,acetone.It applies of the anthrone sulfuric acid method of determination of polysaccharide.Result:After a preliminary purification procedure of polysaccharides,the compound gets the compound content of 24.9%.Conclusion:The method is simple and stable.It can be used for determination of the polysaccharides. | eng_Latn | 27,355 |
Oxydesulphurization of coal using trona mineral | Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the desulfursulfursulfurization of coal by oxydesulfursulfursulfurization method using raw trona mineral. The experiments are carried out on a Turkish lignite sample that has both high pyritic and high organic sulfur contents. Some experimental parameters, such as temperature, partial pressure of oxygen, concentration, and time, are investigated. The economic applicability of a chemical desulfursulfursulfurization method depends on the price and abundance of reagents used. Because most of the reagents are expensive and unrecoverable, using these chemical methods economically seem impossible. The acidity of the solution causes some corrosive effects on the equipments. The experiments are performed in a 1-liter magnetically stirred autoclave made of Type 316 stainless steel. | Abstract Exposure of the dorsal skin of hairless mice to the light of a germicidal lamp under standardized conditions produces reproducible, time-dependent increases of putrescine and spermidine concentrations, and a decrease of spermine levels, concomitant with the increase of the rate of DNa synthesis. Systemic or topical treatment of the animals with α-difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, completely prevents the uv light-induced rapid formation of putrescine, and diminishes the enhancement of polyamine turnover rates. A significant effect of the drug on the rate of DNA synthesis could not be shown. The model is suitable for the study of interrelations between polyamine metabolism and cell proliferation and for the screening of compounds designed as inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. | eng_Latn | 27,356 |
Ignition of Magnesium and Magnesium-Aluminum Alloy by Impinging Hot-Air Stream | Abstract An experimental study on the nonsteady ignition process of magnesium and 50-50 magnesium-aluminum alloy was made by using the stagnation region of an impinging hot air stream. The study has revealed that the ignition of magnesium was caused to occur through a four-stage surface oxidation process and finally through a homogeneous exothermic reaction in the gaseous phase. The ignition mechanism of the magnesium-aluminum alloy was essentially identical with that of magnesium, although the observed ignition behavior was more complicated. The difference could be explained in terms of the aluminum ingredient contained in the oxide film formed on the sample surface. | In present study the use of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was investigated for the detection and differentiation of mechanically deboned meat (MDM) content treated with high pressure techniques in meat products. A number of samples of meat products were prepared containing different proportions of MDM and elemental analysis was performed by a multi-element ICP-MS method after microwave assisted acid digestion of processed meat samples in closed vessels acid microwave digestion method. Element concentrations were plotted versus MDM content and obvious differences were observed for certain elements. Among all examined elements, barium presented a clear trend in correlation of its concentration with the MDM content. The results of this preliminary study indicate that it is possible to detect the proportion of % MDM content in processed meat products by its correlation to barium concentration. | eng_Latn | 27,357 |
Serum paraoxonase and its relationship to atherosclerosis | Human serum paraoxonase (PON1) is a high density lipoprotein (HDL)associated enzyme capable of hydrolyzing lipid peroxides in vitro .PON1 has recently attracted attetion as a key factor against oxidative modification of LDL by involving in degradation of oxidized phospholipid and may therefore play an important role on the prevention of the atherosclerotic process of HDL.The concentration and activity of PON1 have been shown to be associated with the risk of atherosclerosis.In addition,the genetic polymorphisms of PON1 have been proposed as a genetic marker of risk for coronary artery disease.The measurement of the genetic polymorphisms of PON1 may be helpful in the prevention of coronary artery disease. | The experiment was conducted to optimize the conditions of A-PAGE for isolating salt soluble proteins of foxtail millet.10 foxtail millet varieties were used for A-PAGE.A number of A-PAGE electropherograms were obtained at different levels of dosage of catalyst,gel concentrations,cross-linkages,injecting volumes,pH of gel buffer,and the use of inspissate gel.The optimal conditions for A-PAGE were raised after deliberate investigation.Detailed criteria were as following: dosage of 3% H2O2 1 μl/ml gel,gel concentration 13%,cross-linkages 4%,pH of gel buffer 3.7,and the injecting volumes between 20 and 30 μl.Furthermore,the use of inspissate gel enhanced the resolution of gel electropherograms. | eng_Latn | 27,358 |
COMBINATORIAL SYNTHESIS OF 2,9-SUBSTITUTED PURINES | Abstract A method for the combinatorial synthesis of 2,9-substituted purines using a Mitsunobu reaction to alkylate the N-9 position and an amination reaction to install amines at the C-2 position has been developed. | Objective To study the best extracting technology of Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.Methods The total polysaccharides and total saponins were determined by UV spectrophotometer.With the content of total polysaccharides and total saponins as comprehensive indexes,orthogonal test was applied to investigation of the water addition,extraction time,and extraction times for optimizing the best extracting technology.Results The best extracting technology was using 10 times the amount of water,extracting 3 times and 1.5 h per time.Conclusion The extraction technology is safe and effective,which can be used as extraction for Compound Taizishen Granule prescription. | kor_Hang | 27,359 |
Spectrophotometric determination of Fe(II) in pharmaceutical multivitamin preparations by azo-dye derivatives of heteroazopyrocatechine | Abstract The authors propose 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenylazo-1)-benzimidazole (BIAP); 3-mercapto-5-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenylazo-)-1,2,4-triazole (METRIAP) and 2-carboxymethanotio-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenylazo-1)-1,3,4-tiadiazole (TIDAP-SO) for spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of Fe(II) in the presence of microamounts of other elements [Ca(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Mg(II), Mo(III), P(V), S(VI)] without removing or sequestering them, and vitamins in pharmaceutical multivitamin preparations: Supradyn® and Vitapil®. The obtained results were statistically analysed and compared with those of atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The advantage of the proposed method is good selectivity, precision and reproducibility of results. | The procedures of flocculation,antiscaling,anticorrosion and sterilization can be completed in one step during the treatment of oil field wastewater with Z series of multifunctional reagents.The mass concentration of total iron in the treated effluent is 0.5 mg/L or less and that of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ is reduced from 1875 mg/L to 350 mg/L.The other indexes can also meet the ministerial standards.The quality of the treated effluent approach to that of geologic strata water with good stability and compatiblity. | eng_Latn | 27,360 |
A comparison of crystalline and vitreous lead borates using laser photoionization mass spectroscopy | A high resolution, laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometer (LITOF-MS) was used to study lead borate glasses and crystals. This technique provides valuable information about glass structure, including the superstructural network units. Several structural units were identified and we found evidence of a lead substructure beginning to form in the glass with increased lead content. | Abstract It has long been recognized that large degree of species differences exists among drug and carcinogen metabolizing enzymes. In particular, differences in cytochrome P450s, the principal enzymes of metabolic activation of procarcinogens, are widespread and may determine species and individual susceptibility to cancer causing chemicals. Although species differences in both the regulation and catalytic activities of P450s are quite large, rodent-based systems are mainly used as the means to determine the degree of hazard of environmental pollutants, pesticides, drugs and other environmental chemicals to humans. During recent years, a large effort has been expended on analyzing directly the structure, properties and catalytic activities of P450s from human tissues. In vitro mutagen testing systems, based on activation by human P450s, are being developed that will supplement other test systems in order to more accurately predict human risk to chemical exposure. | eng_Latn | 27,361 |
Sulfonildiamidas substituted, processes for their preparation and their use as herbicides and growth regulators of plants. | OBJECT OF THIS PATENT are compounds of formula (I) or salts thereof, where R1, R (squared) are H, an aliphatic saturated or (SUBST.), Phenyl (n.), Or R1 YR (AL SQUARE) together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a heterocyclic OF FORMULA 1 rING, being independently an integer of 1 to 3, R3 is H, an aliphatic saturated or (SUBST.) A REST phenyl, benzyl or phenethyl (n.), OR (squared) and R3 are together form a chain alkylene, R4 is hydrogen, an aliphatic saturated or alkoxy, and R5 is a pyrimidinyl (n.), triazinyl, triazolyl or A REST bicyclic nitrogenous heterocyclene. These compounds have valuable qualities HERBICIDES OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS. | Abstract Urea has been recently proposed for the management of hyponatremia linked to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH). The objective of the study was to review the levels of evidence for treatment of hyponatremia associated with SIADH with urea. We performed a systematic review of experimental trials and grading according to SIGN. No clinical trials were found. The 6 studies analyzed had methodological limitations and were prone to biases. In conclusion, there is no evidence to support the efficacy of urea for the treatment of hyponatremia following SIADH. | eng_Latn | 27,362 |
Crystal structure of 2-oxo-1-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydro-5l4-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-olate, C20H13F3N4O2 | Abstract C20H13F3N4O2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 11.3525(10) Å, b = 12.7530(11) Å, c = 13.1926(12) Å, α = 83.894(1)°, β = 69.314(1)°, γ = 84.720(1)°, V = 1773.7(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0477, wRref(F2) = 0.1433, T = 296(2) K. | Abstract Exposure of the dorsal skin of hairless mice to the light of a germicidal lamp under standardized conditions produces reproducible, time-dependent increases of putrescine and spermidine concentrations, and a decrease of spermine levels, concomitant with the increase of the rate of DNa synthesis. Systemic or topical treatment of the animals with α-difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, completely prevents the uv light-induced rapid formation of putrescine, and diminishes the enhancement of polyamine turnover rates. A significant effect of the drug on the rate of DNA synthesis could not be shown. The model is suitable for the study of interrelations between polyamine metabolism and cell proliferation and for the screening of compounds designed as inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. | eng_Latn | 27,363 |
A spectrophotometric method for the direct determination of cysteine in the presence of other naturally occurring amino acids | 1. An acid ninhydrin reagent was found to react specifically in forming a pink product (E(max.) 560mmu) with cysteine. 2. The method was highly sensitive for the determination of cysteine (in 28.0x10(3)). Homocysteine, glutathione, proline, ornithine and other naturally occurring amino acids tested did not give a similar reaction. 3. The reaction product was stable for at least 3-4hr. at room temperature and the extinction was proportional to the concentration in the range 0.05-0.5mumole of cysteine. 4. The acid ninhydrin reagent also gave yellow products (E(max.) 370-404mmu) with tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine and indol-3-ylacetic acid. 5. The method was applied for the determination of cysteine in perchloric acid extracts of rat brain, liver and blood. | The fingerprint photos photographed by dynamic and static state methods are given based on the principle of dielectric barrier discharge and CCD images in this paper.As a experimental result,the photos shows that the fingerprint image acquired by this method is clearness and completeness and is higher in contrast and contains many information of fingerprint.So,this method would be applied in fingerprint recognition technology. | eng_Latn | 27,364 |
Stereocontrolled synthesis of 8,11-dideoxytetrodotoxin, unnatural analogue of puffer fish toxin. | 8,11-Dideoxytetrodotoxin, an unnatural tetrodotoxin analogue, was synthesized in a highly stereoselective manner from a common intermediate from our synthetic studies on tetrodotoxin. The key features in the synthesis were as follows: neighboring group participation of a trichloroacetamide to allow regioselective and stereoselective hydroxylation, protection of a delta-hydroxylactone as an ortho ester, and guanidine installation through the use of Boc-protected isothiourea. Global deprotection of the fully protected intermediate under acidic conditions gave 8,11-dideoxytetrodotoxin, which exhibited very weak biological activities. | Abstract Techniques for recording and analysing fibre diffraction data from DNA using the instrument D19 at the Institut Laue-Langevin Reactor Source and the instrument SXD at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ISIS Spallation Source are described and compared. Data recorded from a specially prepared sample of deuterated DNA in the A conformation using SXD are compared with previously analysed data from a normally hydrogenated DNA in the same conformation recorded on D19. A preliminary Fourier difference analysis of these two datasets has allowed their consistency to be established. | eng_Latn | 27,365 |
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. | Abstract Employing the Warburg manometric method of assay, the effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on acetylcholinesterase activity was studied. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was found to possess anticholinesterase properties; kinetic analysis together with the results from dialysis experiments show that the inhibition is mixed, there being both reversible and irreversible aspects of the total inhibition; the extent of the irreversible inhibition increases with increasing time of incubation of the enzyme with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. It is concluded that it is unlikely that the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide underlies the previously observed in vivo blockade of impulse conduction in whole nerve. | New synthetic approaches to the preparation of 2-(trifluoromethyl)indole and 2-amino-3-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline have been developed. In both cases, conditions of the Leimgruber-Batcho synthesis of indoles were used in the key step. | eng_Latn | 27,366 |
[WT inhibit human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402 cells growth by modulating Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation]. | Objective: To investigate effects of Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways on waltonitone(WT) induced cell growth inhibition in human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402 cells.Method: Cell viability of BEL-7402 cells was examined using MTT assay.Phosphorylation of E Akt and RK1/2 were detected by Western blot analysis,while cell cycle distribution of BEL7402 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.Result: WT could inhibit the BEL-7402 cells growth,induce the S-phase cell cycle arrest,activate Akt and ERK1/2 phosporylation.Moreover,the cell growth inhibition and S-phase cell cycle arrest induction of WT on BEL-7402 cells could be blocked by Akt and ERK1/2 inhibitors.Conclusion: WT induce the cell cycle arrest and inhibit the cell growth on BEL-7402 cells by modulating Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. | The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was employed to obtain information about the voltage-dependence and kinetics of interaction of 7-chlor-benzyltetrahydropalmatine (7-Cl-BTHP) with cardiac sodium channels. 7-Cl-BTHP (30 mol/L) significantly decreased the peak sodium current (from 7.8 +/- 1.8 nA to 5.3 +/- 1.4 nA, P < 0.01, n = 5), without producing a shift of the current-voltage curve. It shifted the inactivation curves of sodium current to hyperpolarized potentials, and the V0.5 was shifted from -(82.5 +/- 2.5) mV to -(95 +/- 2.4) mV (P < 0.05, n = 4). 7-Cl-BTHP produced a significant use-dependent effect that was proportional to the duration of the voltage step. In addition, 7-Cl-BTHP slowed the recovery of sodium channel from inactivation, which could explain its use-dependent effects on sodium current. The characteristics of 7-Cl-BTHP blockage suggest that this agent binds preferentially to inactivated sodium channels. | eng_Latn | 27,367 |
Simple monitoring of low salicylate concentrations in capillary blood. An appraisal of ultraviolet spectrophotometric methods. | The differential ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of salicylate according to Williams et al. (11) and the single extraction ultraviolet spectrophotometric method of Stevenson (9) are subject to interference by serotonin. Probably as a result of this interference, the results are erratic when low concentrations of salicylate are monitored in capillary blood. Owing to a peculiarity of the ultraviolet absorbance spectrum of serotonin, there is no appreciable interference by serotonin, if the double extraction method of Stevenson (9) is used, in which the spectrophotometry is carried out in phosphate buffer of pH 6.86. With due precautions and standardization, reliable results are obtained, so that this comparatively simple and rapid method can be recommended wherever capillary blood sampling (finger tip, the heel in pediatrics) is preferable to venous blood sampling. Pharmacokinetical results, obtained by this method, are given for three human subjects after a single oral dose of 500 mg aspirin. | Abstract : The objectives of this report are 1. Production of an antiserum against melanopsin, a putative circadian photoreceptor, permitting analysis of its expression pattern in mammalian retina. 2. Heterologous expression of melanopsin using recombinant baculovirus for a first characterization of its biochemical properties. | eng_Latn | 27,368 |
Synthetic and Biological Studies on Natural Cyclic Heptapeptide: Segetalin E | Present investigation describes the first total synthesis of a proline-rich cyclic peptide segetalin E (8) by solution phase technique. The chemical structure of the compound was elucidated by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FAB-MS spectral data and elemental analyses. The newly synthesized peptide was subjected to pharmacological screening and found to exhibit high cytotoxicity against Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) and Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell lines with IC50 values of 3.71 and 9.11 microM, in addition to good anthelmintic activity against earthworms M. konkanensis and P. corethruses at a dose of 2 mg/mL. | The present invention relates to the use KNOWN cephem derivatives of the formula (I), wherein n is zero, one or two; R {SUP, 1} is hydrogen or an organic radical, R {SUP, 2} represents halo or an organic radical OR {SUP, 1} YR {SUP, 2} together and with the carbon atom C-2 core CEFEM constitute a group carbocyclic or heterocyclic; R {SUP, 3} REPRESENTS R {SUP, 2} as defined above or an organic radical, R {SUP, 4} IS GOOD R {SUP, 1} or a group ORGANICO, R {SUP, 5} IS GOOD R SUP {1} as defined UP or halo or alkoxy C {SUB, SUB {1} -C, 6}, {SUB alkylthio C 1 -C} {SUB, 6} or acylamino C {SUB 1 -C {} SUB, 6}; R SUP {6} {SUP ES R, 2} as defined above or an GROUP ORGANIC OR a pharmaceutically acceptable salt THEREOF. | eng_Latn | 27,369 |
Interaction of BSA with proflavin: A spectroscopic approach | Abstract The interaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with proflavin was investigated by spectroscopic tools like absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as laser flash photolysis. Absorption spectroscopy proved the formation of ground-state BSA–proflavin complex. Proflavin was found to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA via static quenching. High value of quenching constant suggested that energy transfer occurred from BSA to proflavin. Distance between the fluorophore in the protein and the ligand (proflavin) was evaluated. Binding constant and number of binding site were determined for proflavin–BSA interaction both in phosphate buffer (pH∼6.8) and in sodium dodecylsulphate media. The values of the thermodynamic parameters suggested that the key interacting forces are van der Waal's interaction and hydrogen bonding. Laser flash photolysis study reconfirmed the formation of complex between BSA and proflavin. | Summary: A medium containing propamidine is described which has high selective activity for the species Bacillus anthracis. The spore form of the organism is essential as inoculum for the medium. | eng_Latn | 27,370 |
The nature of the breakdown of thyroglobulin | Thyroglobulin consists chiefly of a component of M.W. 660,000 and sedimentation coefficient 19 S. On complete reduction of the 101 disulphide bonds, subunits are obtained (TgM) with M.W. ca. 165,000 [l] . However, these slowly give rise to products of lower M.W. [2] even when stored at -20” [3]. In a previous paper from this laboratory [4] we described the slow breakdown of TgM at pH 8.7 in the presence of SDS, leading to the formation of two products, B and C, with M.W. 35,000 and 20,000 respectively. In the present communication we will describe further breakdown products, their composition and conditions which favour their formation. | ABSTRACTPurpose.The purpose of this study was to develop a novel, quantitative measurement of tear film breakup dynamics (TBUD) to study the phenomenon of tear breakup in dry eye and control subjects and its impact on dry eye symptoms.Methods.Ten control and 10 dry eye subjects completed the Dry Eye | eng_Latn | 27,371 |
Determination and Comparison of the Contents of Total Ginsenoside and Ginsenoside Rb_1 in Twelve Kinds of Panax quinquefolium. L | Objective:To develop a quick, convenient, modern analysis method for the determination of ginsenoside Rb_1 in Panax quinquefolium L., to determine the contents of total ginsenoside and ginsenoside Rb_1 of twelve samples and to compare the changes of the determined contents of samples origining from different regions.Methods:The contents of total ginsenoside were determined by UV-spectrophotometry, and the contents of ginsenoside Rb_1 were determined by HPLC. Results:The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 62～123 0 μg·ml~(-1) for ginsenoside Rb_1, the correlation coefficient was 0.999. The average recovery of the determination of ginsenoside Rb_1 was 99.2% with the RSD of 1.69%. The contents of total ginsenoside of ten samples are more than 4%, while contents of ginsenoside Rb_1 of ten samples are more than 1%.Conclusion:The developed method was found to be simple, fast, accurate and reliable for the determination of ginsenoside Rb_1. | Gangliosides were studied in blood serum of healthy volunteers and of patients with cancer of mammary gland and stomach. Blood serum of the majority of patients with cancer and only 15% of healthy persons were shown to contain ganglioside GD3 which was detected in blood of patients with some other tumors. | eng_Latn | 27,372 |
Escherichia coli O157: H7 Acid Tolerance and Survival in Apple Cider | The survival of two Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43889 and 43895) and a control strain E. coli was compared in apple cider and in Trypticase soy broth (TSB) adjusted to low and high pH. The O157:H7 strains were detectable in apple cider after 14 to 21 days at 4°C, whereas the control strain could not be detected (> 4-log reduction) after 5 to 7 days. During the first 14 days of storage at 4°C, the levels of strain 43889 decreased by ~3 logs, whereas levels of strain 43895 were unchanged. Survival of O157:H7 strains and the control strain were unaffected by the presence of potassium sorbate or sodium benzoate, except in one instance. Sodium benzoate caused a decrease of 57% in strain 43895 after 21 days, but ~104 CFU/ml still remained. In TSB adjusted to pH 2, 3, 4, 11 or 12, strain 43895 was again the more resistant of the O157:H7 strains, both of which were more durable than the control strain. The O157:H7 strains (especially strain 43895) withstood pH 2 with a minimal drop in CPU after 24 h, whereas n... | Objective:To study on fingerprint condition of capillary electrophoresis(CE) in Sarcandra.Method:Study on following effect factors:composite of buffer,the pH of buffer,division voltage,division temperature,injection volume and additive.Results:The buffer was 7.5 mmol·L-1 borat and sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution containing 8% acetonitrile and 0.8 mmol·L-1 β-CD.The pH of the buffer was adjusted 8.39 with HCl solution.The detection wavelength was 340 nm and a voltage of 17 kV was applied.The sample hydrodynamic injection was 2.76kPa with a duration time of 3 sec.Conclusion:The best fingerprint condition of CE in Sarcandra could be established. | eng_Latn | 27,373 |
fluorescent compounds, derivatives of (4-amino-3,6 disulfonato) naphthalimide, their application to immunoassays using fluorescence polarization | FLUORESCENT COMPOUNDS OF FORMULA I: (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) IN WHICH M REPRESENTS A TION OF PROVIDING WATER SOLUBILITY MOLECULE AND R REPRESENTS THE ATOM WITH NITROGEN WHICH IT IS LINKED A GROUP OF DERIVATIVE hAPTEN OR ANTIGEN IS RECOGNIZED BY ANTIBODIES The hAPTEN OR ANTIGEN. The hAPTEN ANTIGEN OR BE BOUND nITROGEN IN iMIDE THROUGH GROUP AS REAGENTS DIFUNCTIONAL alkylenediamines, OR nITROGEN MAY COME TO iMIDE FUNCTION OF PRIMARY AMINO hAPTEN OR ANTIGEN. The HAPTEN ANTIGEN OR MAY BE THE PRODUCT DOSE OR ANY OF ITS DERIVATIVES REAGENTS, AS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF ITS ANTIBODIES AFTER PROTEIN COUPLED. APPLICATION TO IMMUNOLOGICAL ANTIGENS AND STRENGTHS OF hapten BIAS MEASUREMENT FLUORESCENCE. | Equations have been developed for describing the isotherms of extraction of rare-earth metal(III) [REM(III)] nitrates from aqueous concentrated solutions by 100% diisoamyl methylphosphonate, taking into account the variation of activity coefficients of components in the organic phase when its composition is varied within broad limits. The thermodynamic parameters of the extraction equilibria have been calculated using as the standard states hypothetical one-molal aqueous REM(III) nitrate solutions and pure components of the organic phase at a mole fraction of 1.0. | eng_Latn | 27,374 |
DETERMINATION OF HOP ALPHA-ACIDS BY SEMI-AUTOMATIC CONDUCTOMETRIC TITRATION | The conductometric method for determination of α-acids in hops consists of extraction of the hops with organic solvent, followed by conductometric titration of α-acids in the extract. A method is now described for semi-automatic conductometric titration of the extracts. | The synthesis methods of azo copper complex reactive dyes were studied, especiallycontaining the ethyl hydrogen sulfategroups. The result showed, keeping pH in 5～6, the ethyl hydrogen sulfateno changed obviously although the temperature over 100℃ for 10 hours. | yue_Hant | 27,375 |
Identification of Chemical and Metalobic Components of Fufang Suan-Zao-Ren-Tang Decoction by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electro Spray Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry | Chemical components of Fufang Suan-Zao-Ren-Tang decoction and their metabolites in rats were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS.Samples were separated by a Zorbax C18 column using a binary gradient elution,and analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS.The ions of compounds in negative modes were observed for molecule mass information,and the potential structures were identified by attentive studying on the mass spectra of compounds and comparing with reference data and some of standards.It is the first time to establish an analysis method using HPLC-MC to identify the chemical and metalobic components of Fufang Suan-Zao-Ren-Tang decoction.Further research about Suan-Zao-Ren-Tang decoction can base on this analysis method. | The present invention provides a process for the preparation of an enriched carboxylic acid compositions produced by the method of composition of the carboxylic acid is included in contact with the enrichment feed in the enrichment zone. The present invention is then to remove the catalyst from the carboxylic acid composition to a method and that the resulting composition for the preparation of a catalyst removal composition. | eng_Latn | 27,376 |
Changes induced by Fe deficiency and Fe resupply in the organic acid metabolism of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) leaves | This work was supported by grants AGR97-1177 from the Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia to A. A., and PB97-1176 from the Direccion General de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica and AIR3-CT94-1973 from the Commission of European Communities to J.A., A.F.L.-M. and F.M. were supported by a predoctoral fellowship and a scientist contract from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education. | Publisher Summary This chapter describes the optical properties of cytochromes from beef heart mitochondria, submitochondrial vesicles, and derived preparations. A table in the chapter summarizes the optical data of cytochrome c oxidase and the components cytochromes b and c 1 from complex III at room temperature and at about 77°K. The data for cytochrome c oxidase and cytochrome c l were collected for the highly purified enzyme, whereas those for cytochrome b were determined in complex III. The absorbance coefficients of the mitochondrial cytochromes, calculated from pyridine hemochrome spectra and iron determinations, are mostly slightly lower than those from the titrations. These differences are probably because of the instability of reduced pyridine hemochromes or to the presence of iron contaminations in the preparations. Therefore, it is justified to consider as the more accurate absorbance coefficients those determined from titrations. | eng_Latn | 27,377 |
Optical properties of cytochromes from beef heart mitochondria, submitochondrial vesicles, and derived preparations. | Publisher Summary This chapter describes the optical properties of cytochromes from beef heart mitochondria, submitochondrial vesicles, and derived preparations. A table in the chapter summarizes the optical data of cytochrome c oxidase and the components cytochromes b and c 1 from complex III at room temperature and at about 77°K. The data for cytochrome c oxidase and cytochrome c l were collected for the highly purified enzyme, whereas those for cytochrome b were determined in complex III. The absorbance coefficients of the mitochondrial cytochromes, calculated from pyridine hemochrome spectra and iron determinations, are mostly slightly lower than those from the titrations. These differences are probably because of the instability of reduced pyridine hemochromes or to the presence of iron contaminations in the preparations. Therefore, it is justified to consider as the more accurate absorbance coefficients those determined from titrations. | This review summarizes studies concerning the covalent binding of [14C]TCE to rat liver microsomal protein and exogenous DNA, in vitro, the enhancement of this binding by inducers of mixed-function... | eng_Latn | 27,378 |
Spectrophotometric Determination of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Based on their Oxidation by Potassium Permanganate | A rapid, simple and sensitive validated spectrophotometric methods have been described for the assay of neomycin and streptomycin either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed methods were based on the oxidation of the studied drugs by a known excess of potassium permanganate in acidic medium and estimating the unreacted permanganate with amaranth dye (method A), acid orange II (method B), indigocarmine (method C), and methylene blue (method D), in the same acid medium at a suitable lmax | Abstract : Discussed is a preparative method for preparing antioxidant, anticorrosive and detergent additives to petroleum products. The additives are alkyl derivatives of bis((imidazolyl)CH2CH2NHS-). The additives are prepared by reacting monocyclic disubstituted imidazolines with sulfur chloride at 40-70 degrees centigrade in benzene solution. | eng_Latn | 27,379 |
Determination of Sarsasapogenin in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae | A method was developed for determination of Sarsasapogenin in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae.Method:a mixfare of benzene acetone (9:1)was made as developing solvent: λS=445nm,λR=600nm.Results:The calibration crves were linear between 05～4ug(r=09991).The average recovery was 987%.RSD was 245%(n=5).Conclusion:The method is simpl,rapid,and reproducible | Background/Objectives: The collection of raw phytodrugs by untrained personnel may lead to unintentional adulteration of drugs. Intentional adulteration or substitution is also a menace in the crude drug markets. Methods/Statistical Analysis: To detect the adulterants from the original ones, the crude drugs are subjected for microscopic analysis including anatomical parameters. The microscopic observations on the gross anatomical features coupled with tissue disposition and cell inclusions are more reliable techniques in the crude samples of root drugs. Findings: The present paper deals with two root drugs, popularly used in Indian System of Medicine, highlights the anatomical differences namely Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schultes and Aerva persica (Burm. f.) Merr. Application/Improvements: The possible reasons for root drug similarities and differences are discussed. Such inquire may find use further in the pharmaceutical applications of these two species. | eng_Latn | 27,380 |
Direct mass spectrometric analysis of body fluids from acutely poisoned patients | Abstract A computer-controlled mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of urine, blood and gastric aspirate from 21 drug overdose patients and urine from 15 heroin/morphine addicts, using a direct sample extract introduction into the MS via a membrane separator, is described. The Llewellyn 3 stage membrane separator inlet system allows rapid mass spectrometric analysis, eliminating time-consuming gas chromatographic separation or derivatization of the sample. A computer is used to identify the drugs or drug metabolites according to their fractionation pattern. Normal body fluid components do not interfere significantly. The sensitivity limit of the system is 0.5 mg/100 ml. The total analysis time including the sample work-up is 10 min. | The 14N NMR spectra of solids are usually very broad due to the presence of large quadrupole coupling constants. However, even partial excitation of the whole spectrum can give valuable information. With magic angle spinning (MAS), the spectrum consists of a number of peaks, but normally the centerband cannot be readily distinguished from the spinning sidebands. Multiple-pulse methods of sideband elimination, such as TOSS and PASS, cannot be used for 14N because of its short spin–spin relaxation time. On the other hand, the sidebands can be eliminated by systematic data treatment. First, the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is enhanced by co-adding all the peaks in a MAS spectrum in a periodic way. Then, several spectra obtained at different spinning rates are added or multiplied together to identify the centerband. In the centerband region of the spectrum obtained from the addition method, the residual sidebands can be distinguished from the weak signals by the use of logical or digital filtering. Results obt... | eng_Latn | 27,381 |
Extraction of copper from dilute solutions by LIX 64N. Effect of dekalin and tetralin as diluents on the equilibrium and rate of mass transfer | Liquid-liquid equilibrium data and mass transfer rates for the extraction of copper from dilute aqueous sulphate solutions by LIX 64N with dekalin (decahydronaphthalene) and tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) as diluents are reported. The stripping of copper from the organic phase was also studied. For an initial copper concentration of 1.5 g dm−3 extraction efficiency decreases as the concentration of tetralin increases in the diluent mixtures of dekalin-tetralin. This behaviour is explained as a result of the formation of oxime aggregates and the interaction between the oxime and the diluent. Initial rates of extraction and stripping were determined by the single drop technique. The linear relation between initial rates of extraction and the difference of interfacial tension between the extractant in the diluent and the diluent itself holds for the system under investigation. | Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of cefradine capsules and establish a HPLC method for determining the contents of the cefradine in human plasma.Methods: The randomized,crossed-over study was carried out in 18 healthy(volunteers.) After a single dose of cefradine(500 mg),the plasma drug levels were determined by HPLC method.The column was Hypersil ODS(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) and acetonitrile-water-glacial acetic acid-triethylamine(10∶(90∶)0.14∶0.16) was the mobile phase.The detection wavelength was 262 nm.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.Results: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of test cefradine and reference cefradine were as follows: t_(max)=(1.03±0.12) h and(1.03±0.12) h,c_(max)=((14.26±)2.11) μg/mL and(14.13±2.11) μg/mL,t_(1/2β)=(1.13±0.12) h and(1.11±0.12) h,AUC_(0~∞)=(23.41±(3.35) μg·)h·mL~(-1) and (23.14±2.92) μg·h·mL~(-1).Conclusion:The results show that the two formulations are(bioequivalent.) | eng_Latn | 27,382 |
The Use of Fluorescence in the Histochemical Technique for Phosphatase | SUMMARY ::: ::: A new fluorescence method for histochemical demonstration of phosphatase is presented by use of riboflavin-5-phosphoric ester as substrate. Consideration of mechanism of the yellow coloring in situ of the enzyme activity is described. Distribution of riboflavin-nucleotidase in rabbit tissues is compared with nonspecific phosphatase and 5-nucleotidase. | During the last ten years there have been significant changes in the role that Phosphorus has played in Crop Protection. In commercial terms, sales of organophosphate insecticides have steadily declined; this has been due to the withdrawal of a number of products due to regulatory and industry pressure, along with the introduction of safer, lower-use rate insecticides. With herbicides, the story is different; due to the introduction of genetically modified crops, sales of products such as Glyphosate and Glufosinate have increased. In the area of fungicides, Phosphorus has so far had little impact. Despite these successes, new crop protection agents containing Phosphorus that have reached the market place remain elusive. In this article, I discuss some recent market trends and summarize some approaches toward identifying new herbicides containing Phosphorus. | eng_Latn | 27,383 |
Bis[Trinitrato Cerium(IV)] Chromate; [(NO3)3Ce]2 CrO4 vs Trinitrato Cerium(IV) Chromate Dihydrate; [(NO3)3Ce] CrO4.2H2O in the oxidation of trimethylsilyl ethers | Abstract Bis[trinitratocerium (IV)] chromate is able to proceed oxidative deprotection of trimethylsilyl ethers in benzene under reflux conditions. Trinitratocerium(IV)chwmate dihydrate is a very sluggish oxidant for this purpose. | 1. 4-Cyano-N, N-dimethylaniline (CDA), when administered to rats as a single oral dose (18.5 mg/kg), was rapidly absorbed and eliminated as a mixture of metabolites in the urine (86% dose after 24 h).2. Residues in tissues after 48 h, expressed as μg equiv. of CDA, were: liver, 0.35; kidney, 0.28; testes, 0-08; fat, 006; bone marrow, 0.15 and blood, 0.32.3. Absorption, metabolism and elimination following four consecutive daily doses of CDA (65 mg/kg) were similar to those at the lower dose.4. The major metabolite was 2-amino-5-cyanophenyl sulphate with its mono- and di-N-methyl analogues as minor metabolites. 4-Cyanoaniline, its N-acetyl derivative and an unstable derivative were also found as metabolites.5. Three sulphur-containing metabolites with methylsulphinyl-, methylsulphonyl-, and N-acetylcysteinyl-groups attached to the C2 atom of an N-acetyl group were identified, the latter accounting for 10.3% and 41% of the low and high doses, respectively.6. The sulphur-containing metabolites indicate the i... | eng_Latn | 27,384 |
Synthesis and Biological Activity of New 1,2,3-Triazole Acyclonucleosides Analogues of ACV † | The synthesis of new 4,5-substituted 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-1,2,3-triazole 3a–e is described. The key step is the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between the azido group and an acetylenic group. Biological evaluation show significant activity. | Objective: The determination of soluble arseniic in the Liu Shen Wan and each in Chinese Medicinal Herbs, synthesis of cysteine—arsenic(Ⅲ) complex. Method: The contents of soluble arsenic have been determined with DDC-Ag method. chemosythesis of cysteine-arsenic(Ⅲ) complex. Result: Cysteine-arsenic(Ⅲ) complex were obtained. Toxicology As 2O 3 LD 50 =150 mg/kg, cysteine-arsenic(Ⅲ) complex LD 50 =650 mg/kg. Condusion: The contents of trace arsenic except of Liu Shen Wan and realagr, each one in Chinese Medicinal Herbs too contentstrace arsenic. The complex of cysteine—arsenic(Ⅲ) is sythcisized. The results of toxicooology showed that toxic of complex expressly is lower than that in As 2O 3. The results showed that cysteine antagonsim of toxic of arsenic. | yue_Hant | 27,385 |
Biomass Derived Syngas Cleaning Technologies | One of the fundamental steps to the successful operation of biomass gasification technologies for power generation is the efficiency of the gas cleaning step. Catalytic cracking is selected as the hot gas cleaning technology for this research using zeolite HZSM-5 catalyst in order to reduce tar produced from palm shells gasification in the laboratory scale fixed bed gasifier. The catalyst load of 2, 5 and 10 weight % of the weight of palms shells has been tested in experiment. Gas chromatographic analysis of the tar produced has been conducted along with the study of biomass gasification index (BGI), emissions of CO, NO, and SO2. Furthermore, suitable correlations for the tar removal cleanup for syngas derived from biomass palm shells at different operating parameters when using HZSM-5 catalyst have been developed from the interpolation of the experimental data obtained. | Abstract Incorporation of [U- 14 C]leucine in jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) occurred mainly in the chloroplast and soluble cytoplasmic fractions. In the chloroplasts a major portion of the label was associated with the membrane-bound proteins. Fumigation of pine seedlings with gaseous SO 2 (0.34 ppm) for 24 and 48 hr markedly inhibited de novo protein biosynthesis in the chloroplast and cytoplasmic fractions. The inhibition was greater for the biosynthesis of chloroplast proteins than for the cytoplasmic ones. The magnitude of inhibition was dependent on exposure time and appeared to be related to sulphur uptake in the treated tissues. | eng_Latn | 27,386 |
A study of the metabolism and kinetics of SK&F 94120 and two structural analogues in rat hepatocytes and in vivo. | The major route of metabolism of 5-(4-acetamidophenyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one (SK&F 94120) was by glucuronidation at the oxygen of the pyrazinone ring. Other metabolites originated from metabolism by gut microflora with subsequent hepatic metabolism (Ross et al., 1988). SK&F 94120 was metabolized by cultures of rat hepatocytes to a glucuronide conjugate and was rapidly cleared in the hepatocyte system (Cl(int) = 0.320 ml/hr/mg protein). A structural analogue (SK&F 94467) was not glucuronidated by rat hepatocytes and therefore its clearance in vitro could not be detected. In vivo SK&F 94120 was rapidly cleared from the plasma. Plasma clearance was greater for SK&F 94120 than for SK&F 94467, which is consistent with data from the hepatocyte system. Thus the mean retention time of SK&F 94467 in vivo is longer than for SK&F 94120. | This work introduces a novel control scheme for controlling the production rate of required compounds in the cell metabolome modeled with timed continuous Petri nets. The proposed scheme is devoted to control the enzyme that are binding to substrates during the cell metabolome reactions. This scheme represents the fact that the enzyme production is being altered by genetic engineering experimentation. Also this work presents a control law allowing to get the a priori specified compound production rate. | eng_Latn | 27,387 |
An Electron Microscopy Study of Crude Oils and Maltenes | An electron microscopy study of four Venezuelan crude oils and their corresponding maltenes has been performed, using the combine freeze fracture−transmission electron microscopy (FFTEM) technique. All samples showed the presence of spherical primary colloidal particles, with average diameters in the range of 7−9 nm and an apparent Gaussian distribution. Large aggregates of primary particles, with the longest length being ∼200 nm or more were observed in some crude oils. These aggregates could be broken down to smaller aggregates or to primary particles by stirring and/or heating the crude oil. This indicates that the binding energy of these aggregates is weak, on the order of kT. Dilution with benzene up to 80 times does not dissolve the colloids completely but does reduce its diameter. On the other hand, the addition of heptane (up to 3 volumes) leads to an increase in diameter, which suggests the adsorption of resins upon dilution. In agreement with previous findings,3 these results were observed to be... | 1. The human mitochondrial malic enzyme polymorphism was found to exist in the Scottish population with similar allele frequencies to those reported previously for Caucasian populations. 2. The mitochondrial malic enzyme variants MEM1, MEM2-1 and MEM2 which form the polymorphism have been separated from the cytoplasmic malic enzyme and partially purified by DEAE Sephadex chromatography. 3. The properties of the three mitochondrial malic enzyme variants were examined. No differences were found between the variants in Km for NADP, Km for pyruvate, Mn2+ and Mg2+ activation, Ki for dicumarol, heat stability, pH or ionic strength optimum. | eng_Latn | 27,388 |
Simultaneous determination of ITF 296 and two metabolites in plasma by a validated HPLC method. | A simple and sensitive HPLC validated method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ITF 296 (a new orally active nitrate) and its metabolites ITF 1124 and ITF 1577 in biological samples. Quantitation was performed by peak height ratios between the three compounds and the internal standard (ITF 1721). Detection limit of the method was 0.005 microgram/ml using 1 ml of plasma. The results indicated that the method is reproducible, accurate, precise, sensitive and specific for the measurement of the three compounds in plasma samples. Those characteristics allowed us to conclude that the method is suitable for analysing samples obtained after administration of ITF 296 to humans at therapeutic dosage and to animals for formulation studies. | In this paper, we have presented an effective yield improvement methodology that can help both manufacturing ::: foundries, fabless and fab-lite companies to identify systematic failures. It uses the physical addresses of failing bits ::: from wafer sort results to overlay to inline wafer defect inspection locations. The inline defect patterns or the design ::: patterns where overlay results showed matches were extracted and grouped by feature similarity or cell names. The potentially problematic design patterns can be obtained and used for design debug and process improvement. | eng_Latn | 27,389 |
Chemical constituents of Fructus Aurantii and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus by HPLC-ESI-MS | Objective To analyze the chemical components of Fructus Aurantii (FA) and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (FAI).Methods HPLC-ESI-MS with Surveg mass spectrometer was used in the study.Chromatographic column: Symmetry Shield TM RP_ 18 (150 mm×3.9 mm, 5 μm) (Waters, Milford, MA, USA); mobile phase: (A) water (0.6% HAc, pH=2.5), (B) methanol. Gradient elutions: 20%- 40% B (0-48 min); 40% B (48-54 min); 40%-55% B (54-60 min); 55%-95% B (60-75 min); 95% B (75-85 min); 95%-20% B (85-90 min).Flow rate and wavelength were 0.7 mL/min and 283 nm at room temperature, respectively.Results Four kinds of flavonoids were identified as naringin, neohesperidin, naringenin, and hesperidin, synephrine was also identified in FA and FAI. Furthermore, the contents of them were determined individually.The results showed that the chemical constituents in FA and FAI were the same but the contents were different.Conclusion HPLC-ESI-MS method can be efficiently used to study FA and FAI. | A simplified procedure for the quantitative determination of very small amts of fatty alcohols in fatty alcohol sulfates has been developed. In the present work this procedure was applied to the determination of lauryl alcohol in lauryl alcohol sulfate. | eng_Latn | 27,390 |
Five drug regimens for treatment of acute toxoplasmosis in squirrel monkeys. | Five drug regimens for the treatment of acute toxoplasmosis were compared in a monkey model. Systemic disease that is almost always fatal in squirrel monkeys within 7-9 days was produced by oral inoculation of a brain suspension made from mice chronically infected with the Beverly strain of Toxoplasma gondii. All untreated controls died of toxoplasmosis (6/6) while treatment gave the following results: sulfamethoxazole, 0/3; spiramycin, 5/5; clindamycin/sulfadiazine (CLD/SLD), 0/4; pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine (PYR/SLD), 0/5; trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ), 0/4. Three of the five monkeys treated with CLD/SLD died during or shortly after the experiment from probable CLD toxicity. Sulfonamides alone or in combination with PYR or TMP were significantly more effective than spiramycin in treating toxoplasmosis in this model. The dose regimen used in this study did not allow us to determine if the addition of PYR or TMP changed the protection of sulfa alone. | Nα-Monomethylamino acids were analyzed by an automatic amino acid analyzer and by gas-liquid chromatography. The positions of 17 N-methylamino acids on the chromatogram were indicated by the analyzer. Some quinoxaline antibiotics , such as triostins and Quinomycins, which contained some N-methylamino acids as constituents, were used as sample for the determination. The analysis of N-methylamino acids by gas-liquid chromatography as N-trifluoroacetyl-N-methylamino acid methyl esters was also studied. | eng_Latn | 27,391 |
Stereospecificity of esterases hydrolyzing oxazepam acetate. | Esterases hydrolyzing the racemic acetate ester of the centrally acting drug oxazepam in mice were examined. Radiolabeled ester administered intravenously was hydrolyzed rapidly in the liver, kidneys, and brain. The distribution of the enzyme activity of liver and brain subcellular fractions was measured. Kinetic data and structure investigation of partially hydrolyzed racemic ester pointed to the stereoselectivity of liver and brain esterases. The preferred hydrolysis of the (R)-(-)-isomer in liver homogenates was attributed mainly to microsomal enzymes, while that of the (S)-(+)-isomer in brain was considered to be due to the mitochondrial fraction. This phenomenon was a common property of all species tested. | A hydroxyalkyl starch conjugate (HAS) -eri -tropoyetina (EPO) (HAS-EPO) comprising one or more HAS molecules, wherein each HAS is conjugated to the EPO via a) a carbohydrate moiety; or b) a thioether. | eng_Latn | 27,392 |
Validation of the determination of tin by k 0-instrumental neutron activation analysis in foodstuff | Several recent intercomparisons and certification exercises have shown that the determination of tin in e.g. food samples and plastics is not straightforward. k 0-Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (k 0-INAA) offers some intrinsic quality control opportunities for the determination of the tin content in samples since several monitoring radioisotopes are formed. In this work we will discuss the validation of the determination of tin by k 0-INAA using different reference materials. The results show that only few of these radioisotopes are reliable in terms of accuracy and that from a survey of the tin content in a range of canned foods detection limits as low as 2 mg/kg can be achieved. | Abstract Some unexpected promiscuous inhibitors were observed in a virtual screening protocol applied to select cruzain inhibitors from the ZINC database. Physical–chemical and pharmacophore model filters were used to reduce the database size. The selected compounds were docked into the cruzain active site. Six hit compounds were tested as inhibitors. Although the compounds were designed to be nucleophilically attacked by the catalytic cysteine of cruzain, three of them showed typical promiscuous behavior, revealing that false positives are a prevalent concern in VS programs. | eng_Latn | 27,393 |
Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase inhibition and oxidative stress in relation to blood lead among urban adolescents | To explore lead-induced oxidative stress among urban adolescents, the present study, the first from India, was designed to determine the proportion of urban adolescents with blood lead > 10 μg/dL and its impact on selected oxidative stress parameters and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) inhibition, which could be used as biomarkers of lead intoxication. A total of 39, urban, male adolescents, drawn from Lucknow and adjoining areas, were recruited to determine lead, d-ALAD, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in blood and catalase (CAT) in RBCs. Mean level of blood lead was 9.96 ± 3.63 μg/dL (4.62 - 18.64); 43% of adolescents crossed the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) intervention level of 10 mg/dL blood lead. On the basis of blood lead levels (BLLs), adolescents were categorized into two groups: Group I and Group II had a blood lead < 10 μg/dL (7.40 ± 1.62) and < 10 μg/dL (13.27 ± 2.67), respectively, with significantly different mean values (P < 0.001). Age, sex, body mass index (... | Our recent nanoindentation measurements on phage lambda, revealed an evolutionary optimization of DNA density in viral capsid. Based on these experimental data, we proposed that water hydrating DNA in the capsid, provides significant support against external capsid deformation at wild-type DNA packing density. Shorter DNA length mutants are on the other hand two times weaker just like empty capsids. In this work, we perform a stringent test of this assumption. DNA hydration force can be dramatically decreased by addition of multivalent ions (here Mg2+ and Sp4+). Indeed, AFM measurements demonstrate that spring constant for wt-DNA phage lambda decreases to a value of an empty capsid upon addition of multivalent salt compared to the “zero-added-salt” value obtained in the previous work. This data is systematically analyzed with DNA hydration model and further comparison is made with phage fi29. | eng_Latn | 27,394 |
Effects of dauricine, quinidine, and sotalol on action potential duration of papillary muscles in vitro | AIM: To compare the characteristics of dauricine, sotalol, and quinidine on ::: action potential duration (APD). ::: METHODS: Using intracellular microelectrode method to record APD in guinea pig ::: papillary muscles. ::: RESULTS: Dauricine 20 mumol.L-1 prolonged action potential at 90% repolarization, ::: the percent of APD prolongation were 22 +/- 8, 11 +/- 6, 9 +/- 5, 7 +/- 5, 6 +/- ::: 3, 4.3 +/- 2.8, 4.5 +/- 2.8 at the cycle lengths of 200-2000 ms, dauricine became ::: more effective in lengthening APD at short cycle lengths. The effect of dauricine ::: on prolonging APD exhibited normal use-dependence, whereas quinidine 1 mumol.L-1 ::: and sotalol 10 mumol.L-1 were less effective in lengthening APD at short cycle ::: lengths. The effect of quinidine and sotalol on APD exhibited reverse ::: use-dependence. ::: CONCLUSION: [corrected] The effect of dauricine on APD depends on activation ::: frequency. | OBJECTIVE: To establish HPLC fingerprint of Compound danshen tablets.METHODS: The separation was performed on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm) column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.04% phosphate (gradient elution) at flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.Detection wavelength was set at 272 nm and column temperature was 30℃.RESULTS: Established HPLC fingerprint was distinct and reproducible.There were 8 characteristic peaks among which No.5 characteristic peaks,No.6,No.7,No.8 came from HPLC fingerprint of Salvia miltiorrhiza and No.1 characteristic peaks,No.2,No.3,No.4 came from HPLC fingerprint of Panax notoginseng.CONCLUSION: The characteristic peaks of effective parts of Compound danshen tablet mainly come from S.miltiorrhiza.The study can be used for tracing and isolation of effective part of Compound danshen tablet and establishes basis for the further development of Chinese patent drugs. | eng_Latn | 27,395 |
Crystallographic insights into the structural aspects of thioctic acid based halogen-bond donor for the functionalization of gold nanoparticles. | The synthesis and self-assembly capabilities of a new halogen-bond donor ligand, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-iodophenyl 5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoate (1), are reported. The crystal structure of ligand (1) and the formation of a cocrystal with 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene, (1)·(2), both show halogen bonds involving the 4-iodotetrafluorobenzene moiety. Ligand (1), being a self-complementary unit, forms an infinite halogen-bonded chain driven by the S...I synthon, while the cocrystal (1)·(2) self-assembles into a discrete trimeric entity driven by the N...I synthon. Ligand (1) was also successfully used to functionalize the surface of gold nanoparticles, AuNP-(1). Experiments on the dispersibility profile of AuNP-(1) demonstrated the potential of halogen bonding in facilitating the dispersion of modified NPs with halogen-bond donors in pyridine. | SummaryA baby hamster kidney cell line transformed in vitro by adenovirus type 12 produced high titer T antigen. Using different tumor-bearing hamster sera in the indirect fluorescent antibody technic the resultant staining was either confined to the cytoplasm or was present also in the nucleus. Both the intranuclear T antigen and intracytoplasmic T antigen when isolated behaved similarly on hydroxylapatite columns and on starch block electrophoresis. On hydroxylapatite columns the majority of the recovered CF activity was eluted with 0.2 M salt. On starch block electrophoresis all of the recovered CF activity was present in one peak effecting a 10-fold increase in specific activity by a one-step procedure. Preparations with highest specific activity were obtained from fractions of nuclear preparations separated by starch block electrophoresis.The excellent technical assistance of Mrs. Jessie Doleman, Miss Shirley J. Hagens, Mrs. Beatrice R. O'Keefe and Mrs. Inta Ziedins is gratefully acknowledged. | eng_Latn | 27,396 |
Suppression of Plasma Hydrocortisone Levels | The relative degree of absorption of methylprednisolone acetate when administered by the rectal and oral routes was studied in 12 normal male subjects. The plasma samples were assayed for methylpredni | Abstract Dissociation constants of a series of 4-styryltropolones were measured in 50 volume per cent aqueous methanol and shown to be correlated by the Hammett free energy relationship with ϱ = 0·13. The π-electron densities of O-atoms and neighboring C-atoms in the 4-styryltropolones were calculated by a simple HMO method. Substituent effects in the 4-styryltropolones are discussed briefly. | eng_Latn | 27,397 |
Infrared Absorption Spectra of Urea, Thiourea, and Some Thiourea‐Alkali Halide Complexes | The infrared absorption spectra of urea, thiourea, and thiourea complexes with cesium bromide, potassium iodide, potassium bromide, sodium bromide, and sodium iodide have been observed from 2 to 40 μ, except for the sodium iodide complex which was studied between 2 and 15 μ. The vibrations of urea and thiourea are assigned on the basis of a planar C2v structure. | Abstract 1. 1. Some properties of the system for the incorporation of amino acids into the cell-free preparation have been studied. The system requires a supply of ATP (and its generating system), and also the presence of ribosomes. 2. 2. s-RNA has been found to be an essential intermediate in the incorporation of amino acids into protein, but the RNA component in the ribosomal fraction also takes part. 3. 3. Chloramphenicol, DNAase (EC 3.1.4.5), or the supply of all four ribonucleoside triphosphates has no marked effect on the incorporation, but puromycin and RNAase (EC 2.7.7.16) are potent inhibitors. 4. 4. The nature of the protein synthesized in this system has been examined using chromatography on DEAE-cellulose columns. Radioactivity was observed only in the protein of the ribosomal fraction and alkali-eluting part, and not in the soluble protein portion. 5. Using these results, the characteristics of the present incorporation system were discussed. | eng_Latn | 27,398 |
Chromatographic Methods for Analysis of the Metabolites of Acetophenetidin (Phenacetin) | A simple, specific means has been developed for routine analysis of N -acetyl- p -aminophenol and the other possible metabolites of acetophenetidin in the urine of animals given the drug. The analytical procedures fell into two parts: ( a ) the choice of solvent and pH for extraction and ( b ) the most suitable solvent system for thin-layer chromatography and a selective means for visualization of the compound being assayed. Gas chromatographic separations have also been developed for the analysis of the metabolic transformation products of acetophenetidin. | Equations have been developed for describing the isotherms of extraction of rare-earth metal(III) [REM(III)] nitrates from aqueous concentrated solutions by 100% diisoamyl methylphosphonate, taking into account the variation of activity coefficients of components in the organic phase when its composition is varied within broad limits. The thermodynamic parameters of the extraction equilibria have been calculated using as the standard states hypothetical one-molal aqueous REM(III) nitrate solutions and pure components of the organic phase at a mole fraction of 1.0. | eng_Latn | 27,399 |
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