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A note on the viscosity of dilute solutions of polymer mixtures | Assumptions underlying the interpretation of viscosity data of dilute solutions of polymer mixtures are analyzed. It is demonstrated that the decrease in the intrinsic viscosity of a polymer A measured in solutions of another polymerB cannot be directly connected with the contraction of moleculesA. A procedure for evaluation of a parameter,k AB , characterizing theA-B interaction from viscosity data is proposed, and the values ofk AB for several systems are estimated. | We have developed a rapid purification method for DNA topoisomerase I from Raji cells, a human Burkitt lymphoma cell line, using ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by chromatography on a Mono S column (FPLC, Pharmacia). By this method, the enzyme could be purified to near homogeneity within one day. Electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel revealed that the final preparation is mainly composed of a 100-kDa protein. The major enzyme activity sedimented through a glycerol density gradient at 5.7S, accompanied with a minor peak at 8.7S. The former may correspond to the monomer of the 100-kDa polypeptide, and the latter, to its dimeric form. The gel filtration study of the crude extract revealed an active molecular species of 200 kDa, in addition to 100 kDa, and lower molecular weight forms. These results suggest that DNA topoisomerase I is largely in monomeric form, but also has a minor population of the dimeric form. | eng_Latn | 27,400 |
Development of ammonium bifluoride fusion method for rapid dissolution of trinitite samples and analysis by ICP-MS | Field deployable dissolution techniques are needed to decrease response time following a nuclear event. This study tested the capability of NH4HF2 fusion to dissolve trinitite. Dissolution of trinitite by NH4HF2 fusion was compared to conventional microwave digestion. Following digestion, trace elements were measured using ICP-MS. This work demonstrates that low temperature fusion with NH4HF2 is capable of dissolving trinitite samples. The low purity of the NH4HF2 resulted in a higher limit of detection for several elements when compared to microwave digestion with high purity acids. | The invention discloses a fluoro-substituted triptolide derivative shown as formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate or their optical isomer, wherein the -- connecting OH and F can represent the following meaning. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the fluoro-substituted triptolide derivative and application of the derivative in medicaments treating cancers and cancer related diseases. | eng_Latn | 27,401 |
Interaction of the sigma factor and the nusA gene protein of E. coli with RNA polymerase in the initiation-termination cycle of transcription | The nusA gene protein of E. coli is involved in regulating termination of transcription in vivo. In vitro it causes termination of transcription in the tR2 region of the PR operon of bacteriophage lambda. We have now used a nusA-Sepharose affinity column and gradient sedimentation experiments to show that the nusA protein binds directly, with great specificity, and with equimolar stoichiometry to the E. coli RNA polymerase core enzyme beta beta' alpha 2. The RNA polymerase sigma subunit is able to displace the nusA protein from a beta beta' alpha 2-nusA complex, regenerating RNA polymerase holoenzyme beta beta alpha 2-sigma able selectively to initiate transcription at promoter sites. It is proposed that beta beta' alpha 2-nusA and beta beta' alpha 2-sigma are complementary forms of RNA polymerase that interchange with one another in the initiation-termination cycle of transcription. | Zinc as a marker element in the viscera of suspected metal phosphide poisoning has been studied during the present work. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) has been employed to detect and quantify the concentration of zinc in the viscera/stomach portion. The methodology has been developed on simulated and real life viscera samples to quantify the amount of zinc using NAA. The results obtained by NAA for real-life samples have been validated using a complementary analytical technique (viz. differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry), and the values obtained were in good agreement, within +/- 5-8%. This exercise could be useful in medico-legal field for framing a definitive opinion about zinc phosphide poisoning. | eng_Latn | 27,402 |
Concentration Detection of Ethanol in HuaiShi Ye by Headspace GC | Objective:To establish a detection method for ethanol in HuaiShi province Ye. Methods:Ethanol in HuaiShi Ye was determined by GC with a DB-ALC1 capillary column(30 m × 0. 53 mm,3. 0 μm), an FID detector and nitrogen as the carrier gas. The injector temperature was 200℃, the detector temperature was 250℃ and the column temperature was 80℃. The flow rate of N2 was 5 ml·min-1 . Tertbutyl alcohol was used as the internal standard, and 1. 0μl sample was injected by a headspace injector. Results:The solvents were completely separated, and the calibration curve of ethanol had good linear relationship within the range of 3. 177 0-15. 885 0 mg(r=0. 999 6), and the recovery was 98. 7%. The intra-day precision of different concentrations was less than 2. 5%. Conclusion:The method is sensitive, rapid, accurate and reliable, and can be used for the determination of ethanol in HuaiShi Ye. | The SCGF calculations are reported for the ground state of ethane, methylamine, methanol, and methyl fluoride. A minimal basis of contracted Gaussians was used and optimum hybridization was determined for each of the molecules by systematic variation of the hybridization parameters until the total electronic energy was a minimum. The failure of the SCGF calculations to reproduce rotational barrier heights and the dependence of the properties of the methyl group on the molecular environment are discussed in some detail. | eng_Latn | 27,403 |
Cytokines in Chronically Critically Ill Patients After Activity and Rest | Inflammation, a common problem for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), frequently is associated with serious and prolonged critical illnesses. To date, no study has examined whether physical activity influences inflammatory factors in critically ill adults. The objectives of this study were to (a) examine the relationships between type and duration of physical activity and serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), a proinflammatory cytokine; IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine; and their ratio and (b) determine if there are associations between cytokines or their ratio and activity or outcomes. This descriptive feasibility study investigated the approaches to measuring levels of physical activity and its relationship to serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 and the ratio between them in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation during periods of activity and rest. Measurements included serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels, direct observation and actigraphy, and prospective chart review. Ten critically ill patien... | With the aim of validating the hypothesis that the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs depend on molecular agglomeration, crystal-chemical analysis was performed for the following representatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists: nifedipine, felodipine, and nitrendipine. These compounds belong to the structural class P21/c, Z = 4(1). The energy of intermolecular interactions was calculated with the use of the CCA program designed for the conventional crystal-chemical analysis. The structural subclasses for the compounds in question were determined. On the basis of the published data, the relationship between the pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds and molecular agglomeration was revealed. | eng_Latn | 27,404 |
Quantitation of aliphatic suberin in Quercus suber L. cork by FTIR spectroscopy and solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy | This work determined that the percentage of suberin in cork may be found by solid-state 13C cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy and by FTIR with photoacoustic detection (FTIR-PAS) spectroscopy. A linear relationship is found between the suberin content measured through CP/MAS spectral areas and that measured gravimetrically. Furthermore, application of a partial least squares (PLS1) regression model to the NMR and gravimetric data sets clearly correlates the two sets, enabling suberin quantification with 90% precision. Suberin quantitation by FTIR-PAS spectroscopy is also achieved by a PLS1 regression model, giving 90% accurate estimates of the percentage of suberin in cork. Therefore, 13C-CP/MAS NMR and FTIR-PAS proved to be useful and accurate noninvasive techniques to quantify suberin in cork, thus avoiding the traditional time consuming and destructive chemical methods. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 57: 344–351, 2000 | OBJECTIVE To identify the sources of different Aurantii Fructus Immaturus utilizing electronic tongue technology.METHODS Principal component analysis and discriminant factor analysis were constructed to assess the response similarities of various Aurantii Fructus Immaturus based on classification model.The sources of the unknown Aurantii Fructus Immaturus were further identified,and the results were verified by HPLC fingerprint.RESULTS Aurantii Fructus Immaturus in the market were divide into two categories and the recognition result of tested Aurantii Fructus Immaturus was consistent with the HPLC result.CONCLUSION Electronic tongue technology is very efficient in the identification of the unknown Aurantii Fructus Immaturus. | eng_Latn | 27,405 |
Karyotypes of Pneumocystis carinii from Korean rats. | Molecular karyotyping was applied to Pneumocystis carinii(Pc) from two strains of experimental rats, Sprague Dawley(SD) and Fisher(F), in Korea. Field inversion gel electrophoresis and contour clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis resolved 15 chromosomal bands from the Pc. The size of the bands was estimated 270kb to 684kb from SD rats, and 273kb to 713 kb from F rats. The bands of 283 kb from SD rats and of 273 kb from F rats stained more brightly suggesting duplicated bands. Total number of chromosomes was at least 16, and total genomic size was estimated 7 x 10(6) bp. All of the bands from F rats hybridized to the probe of repeated DNA sequences of Pc and the band of 448 kb size was proved to contain rDNA sequences, but Pc. chromosome bands from SD rats showed no reactions to the probes. The 2 different karyotypes of P. carinii from 2 strains of rats were maintained consistently for 2 years. | Abstract A theory is developed for the rejection of multiple salts by a macroporous hyperfiltration membrane, modelled by cylindrical pores, whose interior surfaces acquire a constant potential when in contact with the salt ions. With three ion types and two valences the ion rejections are shown to depend on the ratio of Debye length to pore radius, a dimensionless wall potential, a filtration Peclet number, and the ratios of concentrations and charge numbers of two of the ions of different valence. Numerical solutions for the rejections are given for large Peclet number and analytic solutions when the Debye length is also large. | eng_Latn | 27,406 |
Treatment of microvascular diseases with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors | Various diseases caused by microvascular circulation problems such as, but not limited to, circulatory failure, phantom limb pain, diabetic neuropathy, neuropathic pain, autoimmune / inflammatory diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis) , Parkinson's disease, Crohn's disease, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid polymyalgia, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, sarcoidosis), urinary retention, lymphedema, and chronic renal failure are disclosed. In particular, treatments are disclosed that provide an effective amount of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor compound (or combination of compounds) for treating one or more microvascular diseases. | The experiment was conducted to optimize the conditions of A-PAGE for isolating salt soluble proteins of foxtail millet.10 foxtail millet varieties were used for A-PAGE.A number of A-PAGE electropherograms were obtained at different levels of dosage of catalyst,gel concentrations,cross-linkages,injecting volumes,pH of gel buffer,and the use of inspissate gel.The optimal conditions for A-PAGE were raised after deliberate investigation.Detailed criteria were as following: dosage of 3% H2O2 1 μl/ml gel,gel concentration 13%,cross-linkages 4%,pH of gel buffer 3.7,and the injecting volumes between 20 and 30 μl.Furthermore,the use of inspissate gel enhanced the resolution of gel electropherograms. | eng_Latn | 27,407 |
Large-scale preparation of biologically active recombinant ovine obese protein (leptin) | Prokaryotic expression vector pMON3401 encoding full size A(-1) ovine leptin was prepared by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of previously described cDNA. E. coli cells transformed with this vector overexpressed large amounts of ovine leptin upon induction with nalidixic acid. The expressed protein found in the inclusion bodies was refolded and purified to homogeneity on Q-Sepharose and SP-Sepharose columns, yielding two electrophoretically pure fractions (leptin-Q and leptin-SP), composed respectively of 90 and 95% of monomeric protein of the expected molecular mass of 16 kDa. The purified protein was capable of interacting with antibodies raised against (GST-ovine leptin and to bind specifically to ventromedial hypothalamus of ewes. The biological activity of both fractions resulting from proper renaturation was further evidenced by their ability to stimulate DNA synthesis in leptin-sensitive BAF/3 cells transfected with a long form of human leptin receptor construct. | A mathematical model describing the behavior of elution peaks in preparative liquid chromatography for multicomponent separation has been solved numerically with the application of the perturbation and modified collocation methods. With application of such a collocation method on the time and axial domains, the governing equations are transformed into a set of recursive, algebraic equations that can be solved efficiently. The simulation results excellently match the reported experimental elution profiles resulting from the separation of a binary mixture of dipeptides on a reversed phase column in the literature. The results from the binary system can be extrapolated to multicomponent separation. For a given system of stationary and mobile phases, the model simulation predicts that the sample volume, concentrations of solutes in the sample, flow velocity, and particle diameter influence the performance of the elution peaks considerably. When samples having a given composition are chromatographied on a prep... | eng_Latn | 27,408 |
An Isozyme of Erythrocyte Pyruvate Kinase (PK-Los Angeles) with Impaired Kinetics Corrected by Fructose-1, 6-Diphosphate | A mutant isozyme of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase was found in a family of French-Canadian ancestry in association with hemolytic anemia. The isozyme was characterized by normal maximal activity, p H optimum, heat stability, and fructosediphosphate activation constants, but had markedly reduced affinity for the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate. This kinetic defect was corrected almost entirely in vitro by low concentrations of fructosediphosphate. | Artificial sweeteners are widely used in food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries all over the world. In this study some non-nutritive sweeteners such as aspartame, acesulfame-K, sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin were simultaneously determined in ternary mixtures using FT-IR and EI-MS measurements. FT-IR method is based on direct measurements of the peak height values and area centered on 1736 cm−1, 836 cm−1, 2854 cm−1 and 1050 cm−1 for aspartame, acesulfame-K, sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin, respectively. Mass spectrometry determinations show the characteristic peaks at m/z 91 and 262 for aspartame,m/z 43 and 163 acesulfame-K,m/z 83 and 97 for sodium cyclamate andm/z 104 and 183 for sodium saccharin. The results obtained by EI-MS in different formulations are in agreement with the FT-IR ones and provide also essential data concerning the purity grade of the components. It is concluded that FT-IR and EI-MS procedures developed in this work represent a fast, sensitive and low cost alternativ... | eng_Latn | 27,409 |
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 1-acyl-4-((2-methyl-3-pyridyl)cyanomethyl)piperazines as PAF antagonists | A second generation of (cyanomethyl)piperazines, 1-acyl-4-((2-methyl-3-pyridyl)cyanomethyl)piperazines, with increased oral activity was prepared and evaluated in vitro in a PAF-induced platelet aggregation assay (PAG) and in vivo in a PAF-induced hypotension teat in normotensive rats (HYP). Oral activity was ascertained through a PAF-induced mortality test in mice (MOR). Attachment of a methyl group at position 2 of our earlier pyridine derivatives resulted in an improvement of 1 order of magnitude or greater in the ID 50 of the oral test. Three different types of acyl substituents of similar potency emerge from this work: N-(diphenylmethylamino)acetyl, 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionyl, and N-substituted 3-amino-3-phenylpropionyl groups. The compounds 1-(diphenylmethylamino)acetyl-4-((2-methyl-3-pyridyl)cyanomethyl)piperazine (26) and 1-(3-methoxycarbonylamino-3-phenylpropionyl)-4-((2-methyl-3-pyridyl)cyanomethyl)piperazines have been selected for further pharmacological development | Mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) are an effective method for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production. There are several models established to describe the metabolism of this process. Substrate competition was commonly found in the uptake of multiple volatile fatty acids (VFAs), thus this behavior should be considered in process modeling. In this study, a metabolic model is developed to describe for the first time the substrate competition among four commonly used VFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate) in PHA production by MMCs. An inhibition parameter was introduced to describe the inhibition of butyrate and valerate on the uptake of acetate and propionate. The modeled results showed good agreement with experimental data within 95% confidence interval. This model enhanced the understanding of the metabolism of substrate uptake in PHA production, providing a successful approach to predict PHA composition and optimize the process efficiency when four competing VFAs are supplied. | eng_Latn | 27,410 |
Absorption Measurements in Magnesium Sulfate | Ultrasonic absorption measurements are reported for dilute water solutions of MgSO4. For frequencies in the range 3 to 10 megacycles, the measurements are made by measuring the rectified output of a crystal detector. Measurements proportional to the acoustic intensity are made along the axis of the radiated beam, and the absorption is calculated from formulas which take into account the spreading of the beam and the size of the microphone. In this connection, the necessary measurement of the wave‐length of the radiation can be made by use of the spatial modulation of the acoustic signal by the electromagnetic pick‐up. Measurements at frequencies in the range 10–30 megacycles are made with a conventional radiation pressure balance. Measurements are reported for various concentrations at the different frequencies. The values obtained indicate an increase in the absorption coefficient which is approximately linear with concentration. | Objective:To determine the optimized conditions for PCR amplification of DNA with rich GC in order to freely assemble modules or domains of polyketide synthase (PKS) in macrolide combinatorial biosynthesis.Methods:Formamide, glycerol, DMSO and Mg 2+ were added to the PCR amplification system and amplification system was chosen to optimize the conditions for PCR amplification of DNA with rich GC.Results:Formamide had no influence on PCR amplification of DNA with rich GC, while both glycerol and DMSO promoted output and specificity of PCR product, with 5%-10% DMSO showing the best effectiveness. When Roche Expand Long Template PCR System was used and 10% DMSO and extra 0.25?mmol/L Mg 2+ were added to buffer 2, 5?kb DNA with 73% GC content was amplified.Conclusion:With addition of DMSO and extra Mg 2+ to PCR system, at least 5?kb DNA with rich GC could be amplified, and that can meet the need to assemble any modules or domains in macrolide combinatorial biosynthesis. | eng_Latn | 27,411 |
Antioxidant activity of amino acids during oxidation of sunflower oil in an emulsion | The influence of α-amino acid additions on the process of sunflower oil oxidation in oil—water emulsions was investigated. It is established that both amino acids and their salts (hydrochlorides) exhibit an antioxidant effect. The antioxidant action of amino acids increases with an increasing number of nitrogen atoms in the molecule. The amino group is a reactive center at which the process of oil oxidation in the emulsion is inhibited. Amino acids and their salts (hydrochlorides) act on the oil—water interface so as to accelerate the disintegration of lipid peroxide compounds in the water—oil system with the formation of molecular products. | (57) Abstract: a quantitative method for measuring the human acute phase serum amyloid A protein (A-SAA) is the sample before or biological fluids obtained by simultaneously reacting the organic solvent contact with the antibody (fluid) comprising contacting an antibody specific for a-SAA. The organic solvent is not suitable C This method is, acute inflammatory conditions, can be used for diagnosis and clinical management of both chronic inflammatory conditions, good sensitivity, it provides a measurement of A-SAA and inflammatory conditions reliable. | eng_Latn | 27,412 |
Recognition of proximally phosphorylated tyrosine residues and continuous analysis of phosphatase activity using a stable europium complex | The recognition of proteins and their post-translational modifications using synthetic molecules is an active area of research. A common post-translational modification is the phosphorylation of serine, threonine or tyrosine residues. The phosphorylation of proximal tyrosine residues occurs in over 1000 proteins in the human proteome, including in disease-related proteins, so the recognition of this motif is of particular interest. We have developed a luminescent europium(III) complex, [Eu.1] + , capable of the discrimination of proximally phosphorylated tyrosine residues, from analogous mono- and non-phosphorylated tyrosine residues, more distantly-related phosphotyrosine residues and over proximally phosphorylated serine and threonine residues. [Eu.1] + was used to continuously monitor the phosphatase catalysed dephosphorylation of a peptide containing proximally phosphorylated tyrosine residues. | Little work has been done on the distribution of phosphate phosphorus in living plants. The colorimetric method worked out by Fiske and Subbarow (2) for phosphate in animal substances should be equally good when applied to an appropriate solution from plant tissues. Preliminary trials showed that the solution of plant tissue must not be made alkaline, since phosphate was precipitated in alkaline solution. However, satisfactory solutions were obtained by using a weak acid solution and a suitable quantity of powdered charcoal or carbon black. The procedure and results follow. | eng_Latn | 27,413 |
A microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for human renin using 3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine. | We developed a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for human renin using 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine as a chromogen. This ELISA could quantify the mature renin in the range from 2.5 to 250 pg (0.0675 to 6.75 fmol), and distinguish human renin from rat and mouse renin. The coefficients of variation for intra- and inter-assay in this range were less than 7.3 and 3.8%, respectively. The renin amounts obtained by this ELISA closely correlated with renin activities (r=0.98) | Rotational isomeric state theory provides a relatively simple formalism for the evaluation of the persistence vector, a, for a chain that can be represented by a repeating sequence of independent virtual bonds. The numerical problem can be reduced to the computation of the averages of the elements in the transformation matrices, . This approach is applied for the evaluation of the limiting length of a for poly(benzobisorazole) and poly(benzobisthiazole) as the molecular weight becomes infinite. Some of the elements in can be assigned by symmetry arguments and the remaining nonzero elements are deduced from molecular dynamics theory. | eng_Latn | 27,414 |
DETERMINATION OF SUBMICROGRAM QUANTITIES OF RUTHENIUM BY CATALYSIS OF THE CERIUM(IV)-ARSENIC(III) REACTION | Abstract Ruthenium in amounts of 0 005–0 1 μg (and less if need be) can be determined by its catalysis of the slow reaction between cerium(IV) and arsenic(III) in sulfuric acid solution The rate of the catalyzed reaction is obtained by measuring the concentration of cerium(lV) spectrophotometrically as a function of the time Ruthenium is first separated by carbon tetrachloride extraction of the tetroxide, following argentic oxide oxidation Osmium tetroxide is removed by prior extraction with carbon tetrachloride after differential oxidation with nitric acid Osmium can also be removed by boiling an acid solution with hydrogen peroxide, ruthenium being left in solution | A versatile radioimmunoassay procedure has been developed to specifically assay gentamicin, tobramycin, or amikacin. Iodinated derivatives of these three antibiotics were prepared by a modified Bolton and Hunter procedure. A single reagent system composed of a pool of three very specific antisera was used in the procedure. The antisera combination did not alter the specificity of the procedure. Validation of the assay of the three antibiotics included studies of parallelism, accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and method comparison with other radioimmunoassay procedures involving single antiserum systems. We discuss the application of this multiple assay capability to other procedures involving use of immunochemicals. | yue_Hant | 27,415 |
DIRECT CONVERSION OF ETHANE TO ETHANOL BY THE HOMOGENEOUS PARTIAL OXIDATION AT HIGH PRESSURES | The results of the homogeneous high-pressure (10-100 atm) oxidation of ethane to ethanol are reported. The products identified and analysed were ethanol, methanol, acetaldehyde, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water. The highest value of the ratio ethanol/methanol in the products was 6, obtained at the highest pressure studied (100 atm). A mechanism is proposed to account for the products | FLUORESCENT COMPOUNDS OF FORMULA I: (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) IN WHICH M REPRESENTS A TION OF PROVIDING WATER SOLUBILITY MOLECULE AND R REPRESENTS THE ATOM WITH NITROGEN WHICH IT IS LINKED A GROUP OF DERIVATIVE hAPTEN OR ANTIGEN IS RECOGNIZED BY ANTIBODIES The hAPTEN OR ANTIGEN. The hAPTEN ANTIGEN OR BE BOUND nITROGEN IN iMIDE THROUGH GROUP AS REAGENTS DIFUNCTIONAL alkylenediamines, OR nITROGEN MAY COME TO iMIDE FUNCTION OF PRIMARY AMINO hAPTEN OR ANTIGEN. The HAPTEN ANTIGEN OR MAY BE THE PRODUCT DOSE OR ANY OF ITS DERIVATIVES REAGENTS, AS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF ITS ANTIBODIES AFTER PROTEIN COUPLED. APPLICATION TO IMMUNOLOGICAL ANTIGENS AND STRENGTHS OF hapten BIAS MEASUREMENT FLUORESCENCE. | yue_Hant | 27,416 |
Quantitative Analysis of Arctiin and Arctigenin of Arctium lappa L. from Different Areas by HPLC | Objective:To establish a HPLC method for determination of arctiin and arctigenin of Arctium lappa L. at one time.Methods:The HPLC method was employed by taking KromasilODS column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) as fixed phase and methanol-acetonitrile-water-tetrahydrofuran (0∶24∶65∶1 to 10∶39∶50∶1, linear grades) as mobile phase. Detection wavelength was 220 nm.Results:The detection average recoveries of arctiin and arctigenin were 102.4% and (102.9)%, RSD were 0.6% and 1.3%(n=5), The linear equations were Y=0.000 7X-0.176 3(r=0.999 9) and Y=(0.000 5)X+(0.014 1)(r=0.999 8).Conclusion:The HPLC method is rapid and accurate .It can be used for determination of arctiin and arctigenin of Arctium lappa L. at one time and quality control of medicinal materials of Arctium lappa L.. | Abstract MBE regrowth on MOVPE grown InP and InGaAsP (1.06 μm) layers was found to demand appropriate surface treatment for not sacrificing epitaxial growth performance. Wet chemical etching using a sulphuric acid based solution as well as surface oxidation using UV light/ozone exposure were found to give very satisfactory and basically equivalent results. Particularly with the quaternary material, both methods prove to be destructive in that a non-neglible amount of material is removed from the surface. The removed thickness tends, however, to be smaller with the UV/ozone based process, an advantage, which becomes especially aparent in the presence of lower band gap InGaAs(P) layers which are strongly attacked by the sulphuric acid etchant. | eng_Latn | 27,417 |
Determination of forsythin in Shuanghuanglian Oral Liquid by RP-HPLC | Objective: To establish a method for determination of forsythin in Shuanghuanglian Oral (Flos Lonicerae, Radix Scutellariae, Fructus Forsythiae, etc.) Methods: After processing by RP SPE (reverse phase solid phase extraction), the sample solution was measured by RP HPLC. The chromatographic conditions were: Prodigy ODS (3) (150×4.6mm,5μm) column as analytic column; MeOH H 2O HAc(40∶60∶1,V/V) as mobile phase; detection wavelength at 227nm; column temperature at 35°C ; flow rate at 1.0mL·min -1 . Results: The linear range of forsythin was 0.1～2.0μg, r =0.9997. The average recovery was 102.2%, RSD =0.61%( n =6). Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate, reproducible and can be used to enhance the quality control of this drug. | SummarySubstitution of acetyl for hydrogen in the NH2 group of the N-terminal serine, NH2 for OH” in the carboxyl of glutamine in position 5, and formyl for an amino hydrogen of lysine in positions 11, 15, 16, and 21 decreases or eliminates the ACTH-like activity of a synthetic tricosapeptide which duplicates the first 23 amino acids of naturally occurring ACTH. | eng_Latn | 27,418 |
Mass spectral investigations on trichothecene mycotoxins. VIII—thermospray ionization and collisionally activated dissociation of macrocyclic trichothecenes | Several structurally similar, biologically active macrocyclic trichothecenes were ionized under thermospray conditions followed by collisionally activated dissociation of the ammonium adducts. Most of the observed daughter ions were formed by bond cleavage at the exocyclic ester bridges. Compounds with similar ester bridges formed several common daughter ions and underwent similar neutral losses. Fragmentation pathways proposed for the dissociation of the adducts were confirmed from the corresponding neutral loss spectra. Simple experiments designed for the sequential monitoring of the characteristic daughter ions were used for the rapid, direct and accurate analysis of macrocyclic trichothecenes in real samples. The primary drawback of the method is its inability to distinguish between isomers. | Carboxymethyl starch(CMS)is a kind of anion starch ether, which is widely used in many fields such as pharmaceutical, food, textile, oil drilling industry and so on. In this article, high DS and low viscosity carboxymethyl starch was prepared in aqueous media through the reaction between corn starch with acid treatment and etherifying agent, the effect of acid treatment time, liquor/material ratio, the amount of sodium hydroxide, the amount of monochloroacetic acid, etherification time, and reaction temperature on the carboxymethylation process was discussed. It shows that DS increases through prolonging the acid treatment time but without adding additional reactant agents, but the duration of acid treatment should be in a proper range. The effect of other factors on the DS was also obtained, which laid good foundation for further optimizing process conditions. | eng_Latn | 27,419 |
Effects of L—Tetrahydropalmatine on NOSIIIGene Expression in Hypoxia and Cultured Porcine Cerebral Arterial Endothelial Cells during Reoxygenation | To investigate the expression of NOS Ⅲ mRNA and protein in cultured porcine cerebral arterial endothelial cells (CAEC) during hypoxia and reoxygenation and the effects of L-Tetrahydropalmatine (L-THP) on the gene expression of NOS Ⅲ in CAEC during hypoxia and reoxygenation. The cultured CAEC were divided into 5 groups: control, hypoxia, hypoxia+ reoxygenation, hypoxia+L-THP and reoxygenation+L-THP groups. NOS Ⅲ mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the level of NOS Ⅲ protein. The expression of NOS Ⅲ mRNA and protein were increased when CAEC were exposed to hypoxia for 1 h, and significantly decreased during reoxygenation 2, 6 and 12 h after 1-h of hypoxia. L-THP from 10-8 mol/L to 10-3 mol/L could inhibit the up-regulation of NOS Ⅲ gene expression during hypoxia and down-regulation of NOS Ⅲ gene expression during reoxygenation. | TiCl((OPr)-Pr-i)(3) and NaBH(OAc)(3): an efficient reagent combination for the reductive amination of aldehydes by electron-deficient amines Sodium triacetoxyborohydride, NaBH(OAC)(3) with tri- isopropoxytitanium chloride, TiCl((OPr)-Pr-i)(3) is a useful reagent combination for reductive amination. Electron-deficient amines and heteroaromatic amines such as 2-aminopyrimidine and 2-aminothiazole can be reductively alkylated at room temperature to afford the corresponding secondary amines in good yields. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | eng_Latn | 27,420 |
Phenylalanine loading test for phenylketonuria heterozygotes screening | Objective To establish a method of oral phenylalanine loading test for screening phenylketonuria(PKU) heterozygotes.Methods Use case control study,four PKU heterozygotes(parents of PKU patient) and four healthy adults(control) were included in this study.The blood obtained from ulnar vein were collected at 0(base line),1,2,3,4,6,24 hours after administration of Phe orally.The high performance liquid chromatograph was used to determine the blood serum Phe and Tyr levels,calculate their ratios.Results The levels of Phe and Phe/Tyr reached the peak at 2 hours in case and control.There were significant differences between cases and controls in the Phe and Phe/Tyr levels at 2 hours.no overlapping was observed,especially in the Phe/Tyr level.Conclusions The oral phenylalanine loading test will be helpful to screen PKU heterozygotes. | The article introduces the airport pavement structure performance test that based on HWD test data.Combined with one HWD test result in an airport in eastern China,the article discusses the parameter inversion principle and performance evaluation index and procedure of the complex pavement,and also analyzes the parameter inversion principle,ACN-PCN strength evaluation,structure lifespan,structure adaptability thickness and other evaluation index. | eng_Latn | 27,421 |
Dry-column chromatographic isolation of fatty acid esters of phorbol from croton oil | The family of mixed fatty acid esters of 4,9,12,13,20-pentahydroxy-tiglia-1,6-dien-3-one (phorbol) has been isolated from croton oil by column chromatography on silica gel and preparative dry-column chromatography on silica gel HF/254 packed in a cellophane membrane. The tumorpromoting agents are obtained rapidly and with minimum difficulty. | Summary Basic dose response curves for estrone, estradiol, and estriol were established using uterine weight method in immature female rats of the Sherman strain. Combinations of estrone + estriol; estrone + estradiol; and estradiol + estriol were set up to study their effect on stimulation of the immature rat uterus. The interpretations were based on the data of dose response curves. A synergistic effect was observed in all of the mixtures studied in the low dose level except with the mixture of estrone + estradiol, which showed it in the higher dose levels. A combination of estrone + estriol resulted in synergism being observed for 3 out of the 5 mixtures studied up to a 5γ dose level. Estriol did not inhibit estrone activity in any of the mixtures. In the study of the 3 estradiol + estriol mixtures there was evidence of inhibition of estradiol by estriol in only one of the mixtures. The manner of action of these combinations of estrogens has been postulated. | eng_Latn | 27,422 |
Phenol Hydroxylation over Alkaline Treated TS-1 Catalysts | Alkaline treatment on TS-1 can selective remove silica from the framework while MFI zeolitic framework remains intact, which creates new large micropores or even mesopores and increases Si/Ti ratio in the alkaline treated TS-1. Among various alkaline hydroxide, CsOH treatment leads to partial destruction of MFI structure. All the desilicated TS-1 samples show enhanced phenol conversion and dihydroxylbenzene (DHB) yield in acetone solvent by two folds, which can be attributed to the higher Ti/Si ratio and improved diffusivity. Pore structure modified with alkaline treatment affects significantly reaction pathway and product selectivity. The initial product over the parent TS-1 and NaOH treated TS-1 is mainly 4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dienone and catechol enriched DHB, respectively. | Objective To establish a method of oral phenylalanine loading test for screening phenylketonuria(PKU) heterozygotes.Methods Use case control study,four PKU heterozygotes(parents of PKU patient) and four healthy adults(control) were included in this study.The blood obtained from ulnar vein were collected at 0(base line),1,2,3,4,6,24 hours after administration of Phe orally.The high performance liquid chromatograph was used to determine the blood serum Phe and Tyr levels,calculate their ratios.Results The levels of Phe and Phe/Tyr reached the peak at 2 hours in case and control.There were significant differences between cases and controls in the Phe and Phe/Tyr levels at 2 hours.no overlapping was observed,especially in the Phe/Tyr level.Conclusions The oral phenylalanine loading test will be helpful to screen PKU heterozygotes. | eng_Latn | 27,423 |
Analysis of age and gender associated N-glycoproteome in human whole saliva | Background ::: Glycoproteins comprise a large portion of the salivary proteome and have great potential for biomarker discovery and disease diagnosis. However, the rate of production and the concentration of whole saliva change with age, gender and physiological states of the human body. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the salivary glycoproteome of healthy individuals of different ages and genders is a prerequisite for saliva to have clinical utility. | Uptake of Ncx-palmitoyl-L-lysyl-L-lysine-ethylester by some microorganisms and its relation to uptake of some amino acids | eng_Latn | 27,424 |
Preparation and application of peroxide bleaching activator | Aiming at the problems existing in conventional cotton fabric bleaching such as high temperature and strength loss,a peroxide bleaching activator was prepared,and the main effective component was nonanoyloxy benzenesulfonate sodium(NOBS).The optimal synthetic conditions were as follows: 4-phenolsulfonate sodium was dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution(mole ratio of 1∶1),and then tetrabutyl ammonium bromide 5% was added.The mole ratio of nonanoyl chloride to 4-phenolsulfonate sodium was 1.3∶1 reacting at 30 ℃ for 80 min.The resulting product,without being separated,could be used as the peroxide bleaching activator and applied directly to the scouring and bleaching of pure cotton knitgoods.This peroxide bleaching activator offers such benefits as lowering bleaching temperature(80 ℃),acceptable bleaching effect,and less strength loss and energy consumption. | OBJECTIVE ::: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of liquid-based cytology in a high-risk, unscreened population. ::: ::: ::: STUDY DESIGN ::: A cross-sectional comparative trial of multiple screening techniques. This report focuses on the performance of liquid-based cytology using biopsy as the standard. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: In total, 1,997 women were screened. All subjects had a minimum of five cervical biopsies. Of the subjects, 4.3% had CIN 2 on biopsy. The ThinPrep Pap with ASCUS as positive had a sensitivity for CIN 2 of 94% and specificity of 78%; the sensitivity for CIN 3 was 98% and for cancer, 100%. The unsatisfactory rate due to bloody specimens was 7.9% (158/1,997). After reprocessing, the unsatisfactory rate was 0.15% (3/1,997). ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: Reprocessing effectively recovers ThinPrep samples otherwise unsatisfactory due to blood and mucus. The ThinPrep Pap test is a highly sensitive screening test when used in a high-risk, unscreened population. | eng_Latn | 27,425 |
Insights into aerosol formation chemistry from comprehensive gas-phase precursor measurement in the ACES chamber experiments | The work presented will focus upon the observations made of the limonene oxidation system. A number of limonene oxidation products were detected including primary aldehyde and acid species (e.g. MCM designation LIMAL. Experiments seeded with ammonium sulphate exhibited a similar distribution of gas phase species, implying that any differences in aerosol formation/composition are not a result of the gas phase chemistry of the system. A total of up to 40 ions were detected under high concentration levels compared to 20 ions during low concentration experiments. During the mesocosm experiment, tropical Fig tree species were observed to emit large amounts of isoprene, with little monoterpene emission, whereas a reverse trend was observed from European birch species , signifying possible suppression of aerosol formation in the presence of high levels of isoprene. | There is a need to improve existing methods for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (CaP) and to identify men at risk for developing aggressive disease. In an effort to replace and/or supplement prostate-specific antigen many serum analytes have been examined, but with little supportive data for clinical use. Recently, technological advances in molecular assays have improved investigational outcomes and have led to the discovery of a number of prospective markers with high specificity. Further promise for providing more accurate CaP diagnosis and prognosis lies in proteomic array profiling and DNA methylation assays. This review illustrates the current benefits and limitations of potentially useful CaP serum markers that have considerable existing data and touches upon other future markers as well as the field of proteomics. | eng_Latn | 27,426 |
Feasibility study of lactate imaging of head and neck tumors. | A proton spectroscopic imaging sequence was used to investigate the feasibility of lactate imaging in head and neck tumors. The sequence employs a two-shot lactate editing method with inversion recovery for additional lipid suppression, and a restricted field of view to suppress motion artifacts. Variations in acquisition parameters and two different receive coils were investigated on twelve patients. Elevated lactate was detected in three patients, no lactate was observed in seven patients, and two studies were inconclusive because of severe motion or inhomogeneity artifacts. Best results were obtained with an anterior/posterior neck coil at a 288 ms echo time (TE). | Abstract The neutralization process of the depolarization field in L-α-alanine doped triglycine sulfate (LATGS) was investigated by the observation of the polarization charge on the surface of LATGS from the moment of cleavage. The charges which were equivalent to such a high voltage as 5kV were actually induced on the surface of the sample at the moment when the sample was cleaved. The charges were neutralized exponentially with time and more slowly in the vacuum cell (≊10Pa) than in atmosphere. | eng_Latn | 27,427 |
Purification of pituitary gonadotropin from urine of postmenopausal women. | Human pituitary gonadotropin (HPG) from the urine of postmenopausal women was purified in three stages. After preliminary filtration of the urine with celite, HPG was adsorbed by kaolin, eluted with ammonia and precipitated by 66 per cent acetone. HPG was extracted from the precipitate by 70 per cent ethanol containing 10 per cent ammonium acetate and was prepared in a dry form by precipitation with 90 per cent ethanol. Further impurities were removed by adsorption onto diethylaminoethyl cellulose in 0.05M phosphate buffer. The mean purification achieved was 35-fold, with retention of 56 per cent of the original activity. No alteration in the proportions of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing activity of the purified product, as compared with the crude concentrate, was detected. The purified product was 86 times stronger than the unofficial standard HMG-20A, also prepared from postmenopausal urine. | Abstract The pyrohydrolytic determination of fluoride using moist air is described for the fluoride content of plutonium fluorides on the milligram scale. | eng_Latn | 27,428 |
A new threshold energy for NO+O3→NO*2 +O2 | The threshold energy for the chemiluminescent reaction between NO and O3 to give NO*2 and O2 has been measured using a photon detection crossed molecular beam machine. A supersonic NO beam was crossed at 90° by a quasieffusive ozone beam allowing better collision energy resolution than in previously published work. The data were fit using a cross section function of the form σ ∝ [1−Ethr/E]1.5 where Ethr=2.0±0.2 kcal/mol. Taking reactant internal energy into account, the pure translation energy threshold is calculated to be 2.6±0.2 kcal/mol. In addition, a low resolution chemiluminescence spectrum is reported for four collision energies between 4.5 and 8.6 kcal/mol. | Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of Sedum lineare Thunb( SLT) on adjuvant arthritis and its effects on antioxidation in mice. Method: By establishing rheumatoid arthritis rats model with injecting Freund complete adjuvant,observe the effect of the high and low dosage of SLT to the chronic paw swelling,nitric oxide( NO) content and glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px) activity in serum. Result: Both SLT groups could reduce the swelling of the model rats,change the level of serum NO,which were lower than the model group,whereas the SLT groups increased the activity of serum GSH-Px. Conclusion: SLT had therapeutic action to rheumatoid arthritis rats,and the mechanism probably was that SLT could strengthen the activity of antioxidase,and scavenge oxygen-free radicals. | eng_Latn | 27,429 |
In situ Effect of Frequent Sucrose Exposure on Enamel Demineralization and on Plaque Composition after APF Application and F Dentifrice Use | Since the effect of the combination of methods of fluoride use on enamel demineralization and on plaque composition is not clearly established, this study examined the effect of the combination of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) application and F dentifrice on enamel demineralization and on plaque composition. In this crossover study, 16 volunteers, wearing a palatal appliance containing bovine enamel blocks, were subjected to 4 treatment groups: non-fluoridated dentifrice (PD), FD, APF+PD, and APF+FD. The APF was applied to the enamel before the 14-day experimental period. During the experimental period, test dentifrices were applied 3×/day, and a 20% sucrose solution was applied 4× and 8×/day by being dripped on the blocks. Although APF application was able either to increase F concentration in plaque or to reduce the % of mutans streptococci, its combination with F dentifrice use neither reduced enamel mineral loss nor changed any other measured plaque variable with respect to the FD group alone. | Abstract We report the application of a sandwich technique in flow injection systems which afford low consumption of expensive reagents and two reagent recirculation systems. The potential applicability of the technique thus developed was assessed by determining glucose in serum samples by the enzymatic glucosidase/peroxidase method. It was possible to perform up to 450 determinations with the same amount of reagent used to perform 50 determinations by batch procedures. The sampling rate was 80 determinations per hour with a 0.9% relative standard deviation. | eng_Latn | 27,430 |
Purification of Toxins from Amanita exitialis and Their Anti-tumor Effects in vitro | Eight toxins,isolated and purified from fruit bodies of Amanita exitialis using high performance liquid chromatography,consisted of α-amanitin,β-amanitin,amaninamide,phallacin,phallacidin, phallisacin,desoxoviroidin and an unknown toxin.Evaluation of the in vitro anti-tumor activities of those toxins,determined using the MTT assay,showed that all the toxins exerted inhibitory effects on the proliferation of Hela and liver cancer(7402)cells.α-Amanitin andβ-amanitin strongly inhibited(60%) Hela and 7402cell growth at 100μg/mL concentrations after 72hexposure,only slightly less(～7%)than the inhibition rate recorded with 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu)(positive control).However,under the same test conditions,normal liver L02cell proliferation was inhibited～40%by both toxins,compared with 81%by 5Fu.Our data indicated that amanita toxins have considerable potential for use in the treatment of certain tumors. | This paper describes a new process for treating mixed hazardous and radioactive waste, commonly called mixed waste. The process is called the Hybrid Treatment Process (HTP), so named because it is built on the 20 years of experience with vitrification of wastes in melters, and the 12 years of experience with treatment of wastes by the in situ vitrification (ISV) process. | eng_Latn | 27,431 |
Stoichiometric binding of heparin and dextran sulphate to thrombin for its inactivation by antithrombin III in the absence of chloride ion | Abstract Heparin and dextran sulphate (DS) enhanced the thrombin/antithrombin III (AT III) reaction by stoichiometric binding to the enzyme in the absence of chloride ions. This binding and the tight association of heparin with the trhombin residue in its complex with AT III was demonstrated by a gel permeation chromatographic technique. Since the catalytic ability of heparin was superior to that of DS, loose association of the sulphated polysaccharides with thrombin was essential for their catalytic action. | Two batches of synthetic human calcitonin batch A = delivered until 1976, and batch B = distributed since 1977 from Ciba-Geigy, have been tested and compared biologically and radioimmunologically. In the biossay B is almost twice as active as A when compared ampoule content and exerts a biological activity of 188 IU per mg pure hCT. In the radioimmunoassay there is no difference from each other in radioiodination and purification, but using them as standard and again comparing them on declared ampoule content, B contains twice as much immunological activity as A. For those, who are using hCT for analytic or biological purposes it is of importance to consider the increased hormone content of batch B with a twofold biological and immunological activity, in comparison to the preparations delivered before 1977. | eng_Latn | 27,432 |
Effect of Taurine Conjugated Bile Salts With and Without Lecithin on Water and Electrolyte Transport in the Canine Gallbladder In Vivo | Because dihydroxy bile salts alter water and electrolyte transport in the intestine, we tested the effects of taurine conjugated bile salts on water and electrolyte transport in the canine gallbladder in vivo. 16.7 mM taurodeoxycholate or taurochenodeoxycholate completely abolished net absorption of water ( P P | An efficient TiCl4–Bu3N—(cat. TMSCl)-promoted aldol addition between ketones and ketones or aldehydes was performed. This environmentally benign method is advantageous from a green chemical viewpoint with regard to yield, substrates variation, reagent availability, and simple procedures. This method was applied to a short step formal synthesis of (R)-muscone, a natural macrocyclic musk. | eng_Latn | 27,433 |
The Lipid Moiety of Haemozoin (Malaria Pigment) and P. falciparum Parasitised Red Blood Cells Bind Synthetic and Native Endothelin-1 | Endothelin1 (ET-1) is a 21-amino acid peptide produced by the vascular endothelium under hypoxia, that acts locally as regulator of vascular tone and inflammation. The role of ET-1 in Plasmodium falciparum malaria is unknown, although tissue hypoxia is frequent as a result of the cytoadherence of parasitized red blood cell (pRBC) to the microvasculature. Here, we show that both synthetic and endothelial-derived ET-1 are removed by parasitized RBC (D10 and W2 strains, chloroquine sensitive, and resistant, resp.) and native haemozoin (HZ, malaria pigment), but not by normal RBC, delipidized HZ, or synthetic beta-haematin (BH). The effect is dose dependent, selective for ET-1, but not for its precursor, big ET-1, and not due to the proteolysis of ET-1. The results indicate that ET-1 binds to the lipids moiety of HZ and membranes of infected RBCs. These findings may help understanding the consequences of parasite sequestration in severe malaria. | Generally, security, expediency and outlay are the three crucial factors influencing the espousal of biometrics. Seeing that, a newly scheme is proposed from the fused biometrics specifically fingerprint, finger vein and retina using Modified RSA (MDRSA), a public key cryptosystem used for both numeric and images. But the existing Hyper Image Encryption Algorithm (HIEA) is used only for images. Using MATLAB 2014, the performance is measured through GAR and FAR. Consequently, comparison of simulation results shows that MDRSA gives higher genuine rate of 95.3% and false rate of 0.01% which is reduced in case of HIEA, as it provides genuine rate of 92% and false rate of 0%. | eng_Latn | 27,434 |
A CASE REPORT OF FALSE POSITIVE FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST | Phenylketonuria(PKU) is one among the most well known of the aminoacidurias due to primary or cofactor related defect of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase activity causing accumulation of phenylalanine, phenylketones and phenylamines resulting in mental retardation.Increased level of phenylketones in urine causes permanent green colour by ferric chloride test, a screening test for diagnosis of phenylketonuria. An increased urinary level of metabolites of phenylalanine is one of the criteria for a biochemical diagnosis of classic PKU. Here we report a false positive ferric chloride test in a case leading to diagnosis of phenylketonuria, but negative dinitrophenlyhydrazine test and aminoacid profile within normal limits in tandem mass spectrometry. | Abstract The pyrohydrolytic determination of fluoride using moist air is described for the fluoride content of plutonium fluorides on the milligram scale. | yue_Hant | 27,435 |
Effect of Rat Median Eminence Extracts on Pituitary ACTH Content in Normal and Adrenalectomized Rats | The pattern of the changes in the concentration of adenohypophysial ACTH after a single intracarotid injection of median eminence extract was studied in normal and adrenalectomized rats. In normal animals pituitary ACTH content increased slightly 1.25 min after the injection, but subsequently decreased, reaching a concentration 36 % that of control animals 40 min later. Increasing the dose of median eminence extract caused a very marked increase in pituitary ACTH concentration 1.25 min after its administration. In adrenalectomized rats the concentration of ACTH in the pituitary showed a 3- fold increase within 2.5 min and had returned to the pre-injection level within 40 min of the administration of the extract. It is concluded that the close similarity in the pattern of the changes in pituitary ACTH content after stress or after the administration of median eminence extracts suggests that the median eminence plays an important role in bringing about the changes in ACTH synthesis and secretion caused by s... | Methionyl tRNA acylated within mitochondria isolated from mouse liver, has been resolved into four species by RPC-5 chromatography. All four elute prior to the three cytoplasmic methionyl tRNA species. Of the four species, two are formylated. These results suggest that iso-accepting species of met-tRNAmet exist in mouse liver mitochondria. | eng_Latn | 27,436 |
Calibration Of Thromboplastins And Standardization Of The Prothombin Time | Calibration of two thromboplastin reagents were performed according to methods recommended bythe World Heal0h Organization.The INR equivalent of plasma specimens taken from 23 patients treated with oralanticoagulants were determined with three kinds of differentthromboplastin reagents,the result showed:the INRequivalents of a specimen were very similar.Furthmore,36 specimens taken from all kinds of patients with PT pro-longing were determined with two kinds of thromboplastins.The result showed:the PTRs of a specimen were dif-ferent,but the INR equivalent were very similar.The calibration of thromboplastin is important for standardizatonand quality control of the PT. | The tautomeric, conformational equilibrium positions, and pKa values of some pyridazine derivatives 1–17 have been examined by means of semi empirical AM1 COSMO calculations in aqueous solution (ɛ=78.4). The results obtained from the calculations have been compared with the experimental findings. | kor_Hang | 27,437 |
Anomerization of glucose 6-phosphate: pH dependence and solvent isotope effects☆ | Abstract The anomerization of α- d -glucose 6-phosphate has been examined using a spectrophotometric coupled enzyme assay. The pH-rate profile for spontaneous d -glucose 6-phosphate anomerization reveals that the d -glucose 6-phosphate dianion is the species giving rise to the much higher rate of d -glucose 6-phosphate anomerization over that of d -glucose. A deuterium solvent isotope effect of k H 2 O k D 2 O = 1.7 is consistent with the postulated intramolecular general-base catalysis by the phosphate. | Background and Objective Chemotherapeutic drug treatment outcomes are genetically determined. Polymorphisms in genes encoding phase II drug metabolizing enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) can possibly predict treatment outcomes, and can be of prognostic significance in breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to determine the role of genetic variations in GST in predicting response to, and toxicity of, anthracycline-based chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Method Two hundred and seven patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy were genotyped for GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms, and GSTP1 Ile 105 Val (rs1695), by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/ | eng_Latn | 27,438 |
Physiological concentrations of human epidermal growth factor in biological fluids: use of a sensitive enzyme immunoassay. | A sandwich enzyme immunoassay for epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been developed which measures EGF concentrations in serum, urine, saliva, gastric and pancreatic juices without pretreatment. Sensitivity for human EGF is 500 fg/tube. Serum EGF concentration in normal males and females is 780 and 604 pg/ml, respectively. Urinary human EGF is 51.3 ng/mg creatinine for males, and 68.3 ng/mg creatinine for females. The difference is not significant, and no correlation between serum and urinary concentrations exists, but serum concentration changes with age. The highest concentration is seen up to 9 years of age, suggesting that EGF promotes cell proliferation during growth. | Abstract We report the application of a sandwich technique in flow injection systems which afford low consumption of expensive reagents and two reagent recirculation systems. The potential applicability of the technique thus developed was assessed by determining glucose in serum samples by the enzymatic glucosidase/peroxidase method. It was possible to perform up to 450 determinations with the same amount of reagent used to perform 50 determinations by batch procedures. The sampling rate was 80 determinations per hour with a 0.9% relative standard deviation. | eng_Latn | 27,439 |
Heterogeneity of human epidermal growth factor/urogastrone from human urine. | Ten forms of human epidermal growth factor/urogastrone (hEGF/URO) were purified from human urine by using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) following kaolin adsorption, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. All of these forms competed with 125I-mouse epidemal growth factor (mEGF) for binding to EGF receptors, crossreacted with anti-hEGF and had the apparent molecular weight of 6000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, the molecular heterogeneity of hEGF/URO was revealed by electrophoretic and PR-HPLC analysis. | Abstract In order to characterize the most superadditive behavior of a risk measure, the notion of extreme-aggregation risk measures was introduced in the literature. In this short note, explicit forms of the extreme-aggregation measures induced by rank-dependent expected utility (RDEU) functionals and by RDEU-based shortfall risk measures are derived. The main results generalize those known in the literature. | eng_Latn | 27,440 |
Studies on the Origin of Circulating 18-Hydroxycortisol and 18-Oxocortisol in Normal Human Subjects | 18-Hydroxycortisol (18-OHF) and 18-oxocortisol (18-oxoF) are derivatives of cortisol found in primary aldosteronism but whose origin and regulation in normal subjects are uncertain. 18-OHF can be synthesized by zona fasciculata 11-β hydroxylase; 18-oxoF can only be produced by zona glomerulosa aldosterone synthase (AS). Stably transfected cell lines expressing either CYP11B1 (11β-hydroxylase) or CYP11B2 (AS) were incubated with cortisol and other substrates over a range of concentrations. Both enzymes could synthesize 18-OHF from cortisol, but only AS could synthesize 18-oxoF. AS was more efficient than 11β-hydroxylase at 18-hydroxylation. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of AS for cortisol was estimated to be 2.6 μm. In five patients with adrenal insufficiency maintained on hydrocortisone, urinary free cortisol and cortisone levels were high; 18-oxoF was detectable in all patients and 18-OHF in three. It is likely that the 18-oxygenated steroids were synthesized from circulating cortisol, eith... | Searches for H/sub 2/O/sup +/ toward HD 187982, zeta Oph, o Per, and zeta Per have yielded significant upper limits for H/sub 2/O/sup +/ when compared with existing models for similar lines of sight. Using available oscillator strength data, the column density for HD 18792, for example, cannot exceed 3 x 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/ H/sub 2/O/sup +/ molecules. Our most senstive measurement for H/sub 2/O/sup +/ toward zeta Oph is apparently limited by a blend with upper atmosphere H/sub 2/O/sup +/, which is also present in the HD 187982 spectrum. | eng_Latn | 27,441 |
Relationships between activities of xylanases and xylan structures. | Structures of five water-soluble xylans have been determined. Four purified xylanase enzymes have been studied for the hydrolysis of the xylans. Different xylanases have different activities against various xylan structures. The key factors that influence the rate of xylan hydrolysis are chain length and degree of substitution. Two family 11 xylanases, Orpinomyces pc2 xylanase and Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase, can rapidly hydrolyze xylans that have a chain length greater than 8 xylose residues, and their hydrolytic rates are not sensitive to substituents on the xylan backbone. A family 11 xylanase from Aureobasidium pullulans is most effective on xylans that have a long chain (greater than 19 xylose residues), and also is effective against substituent groups. Although Thermatoga maritima xylanase is also more active on a long xylan chain (greater than 19 xylose residues), its hydrolytic rate is greatly reduced by substituents on xylan backbones. | ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factor of diabetes mellitus in Shenzhen city.MethodsRisk factors of DM was analyzed by factor analysi s and linear structural relation model,then fit and evaluate the model. ResultsIndex of biochemistry affected directly the statu s of disease index of physiology,affected the status of disease not only directl y but also indirectly through the index of biochemistry as well sex and living h abit,affected indirectly the status of disease. ConclusionThe linear structural relation model could wel l analyze the risk factor of DM. | eng_Latn | 27,442 |
High intensity focused ultrasound treatment of abdominal tumors | A phase II clinical trial for the treatment of isolated liver metastases is currently underway at the Royal Marsden Hospital. Tumors lying 4–12 cm below the skin surface are targeted in fully conscious patients. Treatment success is monitored using either radiological methods in conjunction with biochemical marker assays, or by histological examination. Factors determining pain or other sensations have been studied in order that exposures may be optimized. Laboratory investigations have been undertaken in parallel with these clinical studies, and these have been used to establish the effects of, for example, rib shadowing, timing of individual exposures, and in situ intensity on tissue ablation. Skin studies have allowed the determination of thresholds for a ‘‘burn’’ when multiple, overlapping exposures are used. | Depending on the correlative experiments and referring to the pertinent domestic and foreign literature in recent years,then summing up with analyzing the development of Ursolic acid researching in medical field.Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound,it has broad biological activity,its main pharmacological effects is antitumor activity,and its antitumor effects have multifaceted characteristics,and it is rich in source with broad prospect for utilizing and developing,but ursolic acid's bioavailability in vivo is low,it needs the technique of chemical modification to further improve the antitumor activities and its bioavailability,This field will be an important step in researching ursolic acid series of anticancer drugs,and will be a future development direction and hotspot of ursolic acid,and ursolic acid is being expected to become high efficiency and low toxicity as a new antitumor drug. | eng_Latn | 27,443 |
NMR assignment and characterization of proton exchange of the ellagitannin granatin B. | Granatin B, a complex ellagitannin extracted from pomegranate fruit, has two equilibrating isomers, form a and form b. A full ensemble of proton and carbon-13 NMR methods over a wide range of temperature enabled a complete assignment of the more abundant isomer and showed it to be form b. This result is based on the NMR data for granatin alone and agrees with the previous determinations which were based on a combination of chemical methods and a partial assignment of the NMR spectra. The new NMR spectra also yield exchange rates for the hydroxyl protons as a function of temperature. A molecular model involving hydrogen bonding provides an explanation for the exchange data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | A case of a malignant Brenner tumor of a postmenopausal woman presenting with vaginal bleedings is described. Clinical and laboratory findings demonstrated estrogenic secretory function and action. The presence of aromatase activity based on in vitro tumor microsomal metabolism of androgen to estrogen is described. Tumor cytosol contained progestin and androgen binding components in the absence of estrogen binding activity. Estrogen binding activity was undetectable both by biochemical as well as histochemical assays. | eng_Latn | 27,444 |
Biologically active fermented milk products Ashidorakuto - Narine and their products process for producing | (57) [summary] protein 0.35~34.0wt. %, Fat 0.05~36.0wt. %, Carbohydrate 1.5~70.0wt. %, Organic acid (as lactic acid) 0.6~56wt. %, Vitamin products 100g per 0.95~15.90mg, moisture 4.0~96.6wt. %, And with at least one strain of the group Ep-2 N. V. Ep317 / 402 strain is present, the ratio of the strain is preferably 1: 1 to 4, comprising a probiotic microorganism 10 Acidity of the product is a 60~280 ° T. Energy value of the product is a 20~540Kcal / 100g. The biologically active acid dairy product, a milk, heat-treated at a temperature from 95 to 140 ° C., then it was cooled to fermentation temperature, and at least one strain of Ep-2 group N. V. Ep317 / 402 is obtained by adding a microorganism Lactobacillus Corynebacterium A Sid film type strains, the amount of Ep-2 strain therewith N. V. The ratio of Ep317 / 402 strain, preferably 1: included as is 1-4. After the microorganism has been introduced, the fermentation is continued until the acidity 60-280 ° T. | Objective: To observe the influence of Nourishing Kidney and Dredging Collaterals Recipe on the content of NO/ET-1 in serum of MCAO rats. Methods: Established MCAO rats model. MCAO rats were randomly divided into sham operated group, model control group, high-dose group of Chinese Medicine, low-dose group of Chinese Medicine and western medicine group. Following 20 days’intragastric administration, took rats’blood from abdominal vena, detected the content of NO and ET-1 in serum by chemical method and Radioimmunoassay, calculate the ratio of NO/ET-1. Results: Nourishing Kidney and Dredging Collaterals Recipe can increase the content of NO, and reduce the content of ET in Serum, then increase the ratio of NO/ET-1. Conclusion: Nourishing Kidney and Dredging Collaterals Recipe could regulate the vascular tone, increase local blood flow, recover the vessel homostasis by improving the function of injured endothelia and regulate the secretion and the release of vasoactive substances. | eng_Latn | 27,445 |
Antioxidant Activities of Soluble Dietary Fiber Extracted from Brewers’ Spent Grain | Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) is the most common by-product of the brewing industry, contains about 16.8% cellulose, 28.4% non-cellulosic polysaccharides and 27.8% lignin, which is a good raw material for industrial production of soluble dietary fiber (SDF).The antioxidant activity of crude dietary fiber (CDF) and grade dietary fiber (GDF) isolated from BSG was investigated in vitro. The scavenging hydroxyl radical capability of CDF and GDF was respectively reached to15.4% and 69.2% at the concentration of 0.1mg /mL. DF concentration from 0.02mg /mL to 0.1m g /mL was used. The scavenging capability of CDF and GDF to superoxide anion radical was increased from 10.68% and 12.33% to 35.78% and 78.39%. Both of the two DF showed some effect in scavenging superoxide radical and 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical with the concentration increase. The result showed that BSG DF can be used as a good additive with some functionality. | Objective: To observe the influence of Nourishing Kidney and Dredging Collaterals Recipe on the content of NO/ET-1 in serum of MCAO rats. Methods: Established MCAO rats model. MCAO rats were randomly divided into sham operated group, model control group, high-dose group of Chinese Medicine, low-dose group of Chinese Medicine and western medicine group. Following 20 days’intragastric administration, took rats’blood from abdominal vena, detected the content of NO and ET-1 in serum by chemical method and Radioimmunoassay, calculate the ratio of NO/ET-1. Results: Nourishing Kidney and Dredging Collaterals Recipe can increase the content of NO, and reduce the content of ET in Serum, then increase the ratio of NO/ET-1. Conclusion: Nourishing Kidney and Dredging Collaterals Recipe could regulate the vascular tone, increase local blood flow, recover the vessel homostasis by improving the function of injured endothelia and regulate the secretion and the release of vasoactive substances. | eng_Latn | 27,446 |
Preparation, Characterization and Properties of Reactive Type Dripping Agent Tween 60-IAH and Their Grafting Copolymer With Linear Low Density Polyethylene | A kind of reactive type dripping agent (Tween 60-IAH) was synthesized with polyethylene glycol sorbitan monostearate (Tween 60) and itaconic anhydride (IAH) as main starting materials. The chemical structure of Tween 60-IAH was characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The effect of reaction time on conversion of Tween 60-IAH was studied. The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurement demonstrated that Tween 60-IAH exhibited a better thermal stability than Tween 60. Grafting copolymer of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) with Tween 60-IAH was prepared in twin-screw extruder. Thermal and rheological properties of grafted LLDPE samples were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rotational rheometer. Crystallization temperatures of grafted LLDPE were higher than that of LLDPE. Complex viscosities of grafted LLDPE at high shear rates were lower than that of LLDPE. The dripping properties of film samples were investigated at 60°C. | Malaria control by chemotherapy has been established in rural villages of Guadalcanal, the Solomon Islands, following field trials. As a selective primary health care activity, mobile unit teams visited villages once or twice a year to detect malaria positives and gave chloroquine and primaquine to treat the infection and interrupt the transmission. On site diagnosis was by the use of acridine orange fluorescent staining or the ICTPf commercial diagnostic kit. To avoid possible haemolytic crises, a new single step screening method of G6PD deficiency was introduced. This approach has been accepted well by villagers and proved to be an efficient and feasible control method even in remote rural villages with endemic malaria transmission. Epidemiological modelling of the situation predicts reduction of prevalence in five years. | eng_Latn | 27,447 |
Comparative Efficacy of Rabeprazole and Pantoprazole in the Control of Nocturnal Acid Output and Intragastric Acidity | Background/Aims ::: Nocturnal reflux is a largely undiagnosed and unmanaged condition predisposing to multiple esophageal complications. We evaluated the effects of rabeprazole and pantoprazole on nocturnal intragastric pH and gastric acid output during Day 1 of therapy following the consumption of standard meals. | Using Chinese Cabbage(Brassica campestris syn. rapa L.ssp.Pekinensis(Lour) olsson) genome DNA as template,the major components of SRAP,such as concentrations of Mg2+,dNTPs,Taq DNA polymerase,primers and template,were optimized in this study by orthogonal design in five factors four levels respectively.The results showed that the optimum SRAP reaction system includes Mg2+ 3.0 mmol/L,dNTPs 0.2 mmol/L,DNA template 73.2 ng,Taq DNA polymerase 1.5 U and primer 0.2 μmol/L in the 25μL volume reaction.The most suitable protocol was initially denaturing at 94℃ for 5 min,then pre-amplifying at 94℃ 1 min,35℃ 1min and 72℃ 1 min for five cycles,finally amplifying for 35 cycles when the annealing temperature was adjusted to 50℃. | eng_Latn | 27,448 |
What is the difference between essential amino acids and non-essential acids? | An essential amino acid in human nutritionWhich of the following id? | Difference between hazardous and non-hazardous? | eng_Latn | 27,449 |
salivary amylase lab questions? | Amylase is a hydrolytic enzyme that converts starch into maltose, a disaccharide. The indicator, benedicts, would indicate colour when starch was present, and likely not show blue when the amylase in your saliva completely converted the initial starch solution into the simpler maltose. How fast the enzyme was allowed to work would be the rate... boiling would denature (change shape) of the enzyme and render it nonfunctional, so no change. | did you also prepare a standard solution? because the way i do it, is that i have a standard so i can compare the 2 absorbtions (same wavelength)...You know the equation.. | eng_Latn | 27,450 |
i know there is 20 altogether, but is it 10 or 11 essential? | Essential- 10\n\n(You must include them in your diet because your body can't make them on its own. If you don't ingest them, you will not be experiencing optimal health and may have a disease caused by that deficiency.) \n\nArginine\nHistidine\nMethionine\nThreonine\nValine\nIsoleucine\nLysine\nPhenylalanine\nTryptophan\nLeucine \n\nNon-Essential--10 \n\n(Under normal conditions, your body can manufacture these amino acids, so you don't have to ingest each of these). \n\nAlanine\nAsparagine\nAspartic Acid\nCysteine\nGlutamine\nGlutamic Acid\nGlycine\nProline\nSerine\nTyrosine | 1) False- NOBLE\n2) True\n3) False- RIGHT \n4) False- INACTIVE\n5) False- ARGON\n6) True ? (There is also the unnamed ununoctium At. #118)\n7) False- RADON\n8) True\n\nYou should really do your own homework | eng_Latn | 27,451 |
what is y-aminobutyric acid | γ-Aminobutyric acid (/ËÉ¡aemÉ ËɡæmÉ ÉËmiËnoÊbjuËËtɪrɨk/ ; Ëaesɨd ËæSɨD /or/) gaba ËÉ¡aebÉ ËɡæbÉ is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian. Central nervous system it plays the principal role in reducing neuronal excitability throughout. the nervous systemabaergic neurons which produce GABA. Exogenous GABA does not penetrate the bloodâbrain barrier; it is synthesized in the brain. It is synthesized from glutamate using the enzyme L-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and pyridoxal phosphate (which is the active form of vitamin B6) as a cofactor. | What is Glycine. Amongst the 22 amino acids vital for our body to function and manufacture proteins, glycine is the smallest and simplest, with only a single hydrogen forming its side chain. Abbreviated at G or Gly, this amino acid has the chemical formula NH2CH2COOH. Itâs the second most widespread amino acid found in human enzymes and proteins. buy the TOP-SELLING L-glycine supplement on amazon.com. Glycine is biosynthesised in the liver from the amino acids, serine and threonine. As a solid, itâs a sweet tasting crystalline substance and the principle amino acid within cane sugar. In humans, itâs found in high concentrations within the skin, connective tissues and muscle tissues. | eng_Latn | 27,452 |
what color is prolensa | Bromfenac sodium is a yellow to orange crystalline powder. The molecular weight of bromfenac sodium is 383.17. PROLENSA ophthalmic solution is supplied as a sterile aqueous 0.07% solution, with a pH of 7.8.The osmolality of PROLENSA ophthalmic solution is approximately 300 mOsmol/kg.he USAN name for bromfenac sodium sesquihydrate is bromfenac sodium. Bromfenac sodium is designated chemically as sodium [2-amino-3-(4-bromobenzoyl) phenyl] acetate sesquihydrate, with an empirical formula of C 15 H 11 BrNNaO 3 ⢠1½H 2 O. The chemical structure for bromfenac sodium sesquihydrate is: | Prolensa is generally dosed as one drop into the affected eye one day before surgery. Prolensa should also be used on the day of eye surgery, as well as for 14 days following. Discuss the dosing and usage with your doctor.Prolensa may be used alongside other topical eye medications.Each additional medication should be given at least five minutes apart. Prolensa may interact with other drugs.he use of Prolensa in late pregnancy should be avoided. Prolensa should be given to a breastfeeding mother under strict caution. Our Prolensa (bromfenac) Side Effects Drug Center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication. | eng_Latn | 27,453 |
is sulfates found in urine | Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results. Urinary sulfate is a reflection of dietary protein intake, particularly of meat, and thus can be used as an index of nutritional protein intake.It also is used in the calculation of urinary supersaturation of various crystals or stones.rinary sulfate is a reflection of dietary protein intake, particularly of meat, and thus can be used as an index of nutritional protein intake. | Dietary SAA analysis and protein supplementation may be indicated for vegan athletes, children, or patients with HIV, because of an increased risk for SAA deficiency in these groups. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), a volatile component in the sulfur cycle, is another source of sulfur found in the human diet.Increases in serum sulfate may explain some of the therapeutic effects of MSM, DMSO, and glucosamine sulfate.Organic sulfur, as SAAs, can be used to increase synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), glutathione (GSH), taurine, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC).ncreases in serum sulfate may explain some of the therapeutic effects of MSM, DMSO, and glucosamine sulfate. Organic sulfur, as SAAs, can be used to increase synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), glutathione (GSH), taurine, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). | eng_Latn | 27,454 |
[Treatment of child's allergic rhinitis]. | Sleep disturbances, fatigue and irritability associated with a child's allergic rhinitis decrease the child's quality of life and functioning. The diagnosis of a rhinitis occurring during the pollen season may be readily apparent from the anamnesis. Instead, the symptom picture throughout the year is often masked by respiratory infections. Attempts are made to eliminate from the child's living environment those factors that exhibit a causal relationship to the symptoms. Avoidance of natural allergens is practically not possible. Effective and well-tolerated medicaments are available for allergic rhinitis. Desensitization deserves a consideration. | We established a simple, sensitive, and reproducible method to analyze the histamine and tyramine levels in Japanese soy sauce and its mash (called moromi) using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC–MS/MS). Histamine and tyramine quantification was performed using their stable isotopes for electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The sample pretreatment process was a simple, one-step liquid–liquid extraction. HILIC separation was performed with a gradient elution of aqueous ammonium formate and acetonitrile. Because of validation tests, the linearity, the accuracies, and precisions were sufficient. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were 0.09 and 0.29 ppm for histamine and 0.13 and 0.42 ppm for tyramine, respectively. We successfully applied this method to histamine and tyramine determination in four kinds of commercial Japanese soy sauces and also in moromi samples during soy sauce production. | eng_Latn | 27,455 |
How do you measure 100 mg of this? Someone said it's 1/50th of a teaspoon - impossible to measure. Did someone figure out a way to measure that? | According to the label on BS website 1/32 tsp ( teaspoon ) = 50 mg, regular 1/3 tsp measuring spoon will have 106.56 mg. the simple & easy way is to measure 1/3 tsp & using your eye ball to divide in half to get 53.28 mg. | The ingredient in both appears to be the same. The Vision Clarity drops specify that the ingredient is N-acetyl-carnosine. An "L" in the ingredient name would indicate that it is a left-handed molecule. Many organic compounds have both an R and an L configuration. Typically, only one of the configurations is produced as a naturally occurring compound. When both configurations are present, it generally signifies that the compound has been synthesized in a process that produces both configurations. | eng_Latn | 27,456 |
ISOENZYME PATTERNS OF SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN ETHANOL-INDUCED LIVER INJURY | . Abnormal agar gel electrophoretic patterns of alkaline phosphatase (AP) isoenzymes have been demonstrated in 11 out of 16 chronic alcoholics in spite of normal or borderline routine liver tests (total AP, GOT, GPT, bilirubin). The abnormality consisted of the presence of a fast-moving α1-fraction known to be related to hepatic disease preferably of obstructive type. The presence of α1-AP appears to be a more sensitive indicator of ethanol-induced liver damage than LDH-5 and OCT. | A stereoselective and convergent approach to basiliskamides A and B is achieved through our recently developed strategy for the construction of polyketide precursors via Prins cyclisation. The approach mainly relies upon reductive opening of 1-iodomethyl cyclic ethers, Mitsunobu inversion, Takai olefination and Stille coupling along with Prins cyclisation. | yue_Hant | 27,457 |
A STABILITY INDICATING UV SPECROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF METOCLOPRAMIDE HYRDROCHLORIDE | A stability indicating method has been developed for specific determination of Metoclopramide HCl in bulk by UV spectrophotometry in presence of its degradation products. The method is simple, accurate, precise, and robust. Linearity range for the method is 10-50µg/ml at detection wavelength of 272 nm. The LOD and LOQ values were found to be 3.26µg/ml and 9.89µg/ml respectively. | FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention concerns process of production of diisopropyl {[1-(hydroxymethyl)-cyclopropyl]oxy}methylphosphonate represented by the formula , which is the key intermediate compound in synthesis of antiviral nucleoside analogue. The invention also concerns new intermediate compounds of formulae and , and their production of compound (2) obtained under this invention, which is an antiviral nucleoside analogue (especially against hepatitis B virus) represented by the formula . EFFECT: high purity grade and high output. 4 ex | yue_Hant | 27,458 |
Identification and Function of Serologically Detectable H-Y Antigen | There has been considerable confusion about data on H-Y antigen and its role in gonadal differentiation (Silvers et al. 1982). In addition the publicationson H-Y antigen are so numerous that it is difficult to appraise the reported findings. This situation has prompted me to review our current understanding of the role of H-Y antigen in gonadal differentiation with special reference to problems of the detection of H-Y antigen. | Spiro-compounds [e.g., (8), (13)] that resemble the four central rings of the antitumour agent fredericamycin A have been synthesized by methods that are based on (i) intramolecular acylation and high-pressure Diels–Alder chemistry [(5)→(8)] or (ii) radical spiro-cyclization [e.g., (11)→(13)]. | eng_Latn | 27,459 |
Ion selectivity of the apical membrane Na channel in the toad urinary bladder | The ion selectivity of the apical membrane Na channel in the toad urinary bladder was investigated. The electrical potential difference and resistance across the basal-lateral membrane were reduced using high concentrations of KCl in the serosal bathing medium, and gradients for various ions were imposed across the apical membrane by altering the composition of the mucosal bathing medium. Ion fluxes through the channel were measured as the transepithelial current inhibited by amiloride, a specific blocker of the channel's Na conductance. The selectivity sequence for alkali metal cations was H greater than Li greater than Na much greater than K. K permeability was barely detectable; the selectivity for Na over K was about 1000:1. Ammonium, hydroxyl ammonium and hydrazinium ions were, like K, virtually impermeant. The results suggest that the size of the unhydrated ion is an important factor in determining permeability in this channel. | Abstract Selective reductions of oxazolidinones using sodium borohydride and their application to the diastereoselective synthesis of vicinal amino alcohols are described. | eng_Latn | 27,460 |
Studies on Non-isothermal Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Cu(mnt)(phen-5,6-dione) complexe | The thermal decomposition of Cu(mnt)(phen 5,6 dione) complexe and their kinetics were studied under non isothermal condition by TG and DTG techniques, the non isothermal data were analyzed by means of Achar method and Coats Redfern method. Possible reaction mechanism was suggested by comparing kinetic parameters. The mathematical expressions of kinetic compensation effect of the thermal decomposition reaction were obtained. | SummaryThe metabolism of betahistine, demethylbetahistine and 2-(2-hydroxy-ethyl) pyridine in the rabbit leads to the urinary excretion of acidic metabolities, including 2-pyridylacetate, which is excreted in part as N-2-pyridylacetylglycine. Other unidentified Koenig-positive compounds were in the acidic fraction. | eng_Latn | 27,461 |
One-pot, large-scale, simple synthesis of CoxP nanocatalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution | Non-noble metal based and earth-abundant electrocatalysts with high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities are highly desirable as replacements for the scarce and expensive platinum-based catalysts. Cobalt phosphides (CoxP) have been recently demonstrated as one of the most promising HER candidates in acidic electrolytes. However, the fabrication methods are normally tedious and produce only a small amount (few milligrams) of catalyst. In this paper, we report a one-pot, large-scale (tens of grams), simple synthesis of cobalt phosphide nanoparticles with impressive HER activities. The CoxP catalyst, when obtained using suitable reaction conditions, shows a high cathodic current density at a low overpotential and a small Tafel slope (approximately 58 mV dec−1). Thus, this study provides a practically promising approach to fabricate cost effective catalysts at a large scale for electrochemical hydrogen production. | OBJECTIVE: To establish HPLC fingerprint of Compound danshen tablets.METHODS: The separation was performed on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm) column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.04% phosphate (gradient elution) at flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.Detection wavelength was set at 272 nm and column temperature was 30℃.RESULTS: Established HPLC fingerprint was distinct and reproducible.There were 8 characteristic peaks among which No.5 characteristic peaks,No.6,No.7,No.8 came from HPLC fingerprint of Salvia miltiorrhiza and No.1 characteristic peaks,No.2,No.3,No.4 came from HPLC fingerprint of Panax notoginseng.CONCLUSION: The characteristic peaks of effective parts of Compound danshen tablet mainly come from S.miltiorrhiza.The study can be used for tracing and isolation of effective part of Compound danshen tablet and establishes basis for the further development of Chinese patent drugs. | eng_Latn | 27,462 |
Outcome of splenectomy for thrombocytopenia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. | Objective: ::: To determine the efficacy of splenectomy for treating thrombocytopenia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). | Abstract Positive ion mass spectra were obtained from several coumarin oral anticoagulants (phenprocoumon, warfarin, acenocoumarol and dicoumarol) and derivatives by liquid chromatography—thermospray mass spectrometry (LC—TSP-MS) and liquid chromatography—electron impact mass spectrometry (LC—EI-MS) to assess the use of LC—MS methods for the determination of these compounds in biological materials. LC—TSP mass spectra showed a single [M + 1] + ion with no fragmentation; LC—EI mass spectra showed fragment ions which were similar in mass and relative intensities to those obtained by conventional EI-MS. These data should serve as a basis for the development of LC—MS methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of coumarin anticoagulants in biological samples. LC—TSP-MS was applied to the determination of phenprocoumon in a plasma extract from an anticoagulated patient. | eng_Latn | 27,463 |
Investigations of directly labelling octreotide with ~(188)Re | Octreotide can b e labelled with 188 Re by using the direct labelling approach and the bifunctional chelate ap-proach.The direct labelling approach concludes pretinning procedure and two-st ep reduction method.By pretinning pro-cedure,both octreotide and perrhenate are reduced by SnCl 2 .Rhenium of a lower oxidation state is bound to octreotide directly.By tw o-step reduction method,octreotide and the perrhenate are reduced by different reduction agent respec-tively.The direct radiolabelling approaches allow ve ry high radiochemical purity,high specific activity formulation,low radiocollo id formation and good in vitro stability,without the need for post-radiolabel ling purification to eliminate the un-bound free radioisotope.A kit could be d eveloped which would merely require the mixing of perrhenate with the other reag ents in a single vial. | Refrigeration of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa L. seeds eventuates in a crystalline substance. The chemical structure of the compound was drawn from its chemical behaviour, as well as from its UV, IR, PMR and mass spectral data. The compound was found to be thymohydroquinone: confirmation of the structure was established via the preparation of its corresponding diacetate ester. The compound was found to have high antimicrobial effect against gram positive microorganisms | eng_Latn | 27,464 |
X-Ray Crystallographic Analysis of Phosphono Sugar and a Novel Preparation of Phosphono Sugar Nucleoside Derivatives | Stereoselective reactions of 1-methoxy-3-phospholene 1-oxide gave a novel 1-deoxy phosphono sugar, whose relative configuration was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Further reaction of the 1-deoxy phosphono sugar with phthalimide and 6-chloropurine produced novel phosphono sugar nucleosides. | Little work has been done on the distribution of phosphate phosphorus in living plants. The colorimetric method worked out by Fiske and Subbarow (2) for phosphate in animal substances should be equally good when applied to an appropriate solution from plant tissues. Preliminary trials showed that the solution of plant tissue must not be made alkaline, since phosphate was precipitated in alkaline solution. However, satisfactory solutions were obtained by using a weak acid solution and a suitable quantity of powdered charcoal or carbon black. The procedure and results follow. | eng_Latn | 27,465 |
Ultrastructural studies on prolactin and growth hormone cells in Anguilla pituitaries in vitro | Eel hemi-pituitaries were cultured in vitro on high or low sodium media which are known to affect differentially prolactin and growth hormone release. Ultrastructural examination of the prolactin cells after 24 h culture showed the Golgi bodies were markedly more abundant and widely distributed in hemi-pituitaries from the low sodium medium. Secretory granule release profiles and dense bodies were also more frequent, but the percentage of the cytoplasmic volume occupied by secretory granules was lower than on the high sodium medium. RER was only slightly modified. Significant differences were noted in the shape and processes of the non-granulated (stellate) cells of the RPD, but there were only slight differences in the the ultrastructure of the somatotropes. | Summary The influence on the blood cholesterol level and on cholesterol biosynthesis ([ 14 C] acetate incorporation) in the liver, small intestine and blood was investigated in rats after daily oral treatment with nicotinic acid, methyltestosterone and an anabolic steroid, PS-179, for one week. Plasma cholesterol levels were significantly decreased with PS-179, but not with nicotinic acid or methyltestosterone. None of the drugs altered the cholesterol levels in the liver and intestine. All drugs produced a significant decrease in the incorporation time of labelled cholesterol into liver and a significant increase in the intestine. Total cholesterol biosynthesis in liver and intestine were not altered with any of these drugs. | eng_Latn | 27,466 |
5-HT2A receptor antagonist M100907 reduces serotonin synthesis: An autoradiographic study | The effects of the administration of the serotonin (5-HT)(2A) antagonist, M100907, on 5-HT synthesis rates, were evaluated using the α-[(14)C]methyl-l-tryptophan (α-MTrp) autoradiographic method. In the treatment study, M100907 (10mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before the α-MTrp injection (30 μCi over 2 min). A single dose of M100907 caused a significant decrease in the synthesis in the anterior olfactory nucleus, accumbens nucleus, frontal cortex, sensory-motor cortex, cingulate cortex, medial caudate-putamen, dorsal thalamus, substantia nigra, inferior collicus, raphe magnus nucleus, superior olive, and raphe pallidus nucleus. These data suggest that the terminal 5-HT(2A) receptors are involved in the regulation of 5-HT synthesis in the entire brain. Further, 5-HT synthesis is likely regulated by the 5-HT(2A) antagonistic property of M100907 in the cortices, anterior olfactory nucleus, caudate putamen, and nucleus accumbens. | Using the ADAPT and CHEMLAB-II systems for structure-activity analysis, computer-calculated electronic properties of molecules were used to derive structure-activity relationships for predicting the mutagenicity of a set of substituted acridines in strain TA1537 of the Ames Salmonella assay. A collection of 40 acridines, with a variety of substituents, was examined. A set of 4 electronic descriptors was found which could be used to correctly classify all but two of the compounds as mutagenic or nonmutagenic. A negative correlation was found between the sum of the Hammett aromatic substituent parameters and the level of mutagenicity of the structures, expressed as log(number of revertants/plate + 1) at a 20-micrograms dose. This correlation, however, was not high enough to allow precise estimation of the mutagenicity values. | eng_Latn | 27,467 |
Determination of Cobalt in Urine by FI-ICP-AES with Online Preconcentration | A method for the preconcentration and determination of cobalt in human urine samples was developed. The online preconcentration and determination were attained using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectromety (ICP-AES) coupled to a flow injection (FI) method. Cobalt was retained on an Amberlite XAD-7 resin as cobalt-2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol complex at pH 9.5. Cobalt was removed from the microcolumn with perchloric acid. A sensitivity enhancement factor of 90 was obtained with respect to cobalt determination by ICP-AES without preconcentration. The value of detection limit for the | 805one-day-old Nike Hong chicken were divided into 7 groups randomly and group Ⅶ was control. The feed fed to the trail groups ( GⅠ-Ⅵ ) were mixed with CoBFA added Zn, Se, V_C, V_E, BFA with different level. Some blood indices (erythrocyte, leucotyte, differential leucocyte count, hemoglobin, neutrophilic leucocyte, lymphocyte ) were amounted and correlation between CoBFA and blood indices were observed to get the optimal CoBFA formula. The results indicated that (1) erythrocyte correlated with V_C, BFA significantly (p0.05); 2) lymphocyte amounts correlated with V_C (p0.01 ) and V_E, BFA (p0.05) significantly;(3) Correlation between hemoglobin and Zn, Se, and leucocyte amounts and BFA, V_C, V_E were significantly positive. | eng_Latn | 27,468 |
Ethanol and N-acetylcysteine influence on the development of liver changes in experimental methanol intoxication. | The evaluation of ethanol and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) influence on histopathological changes in rat liver intoxicated with 3 g of methanol/kg b.w. was conducted, based on morphological examinations in light and electron microscope. The rats received intragastrically 3.0 g of methanol/kg b.w. as a 50% solution, 10% ethanol for 24 hours before methanol and next 48 hours after methanol ingestion and NAC (150 mg/kg b.w.) after 15 min. methanol administrated. The results indicate that methanol intoxication causes pronounced morphological changes in the examined organ. Ethanol administered to methanol-intoxicated rats caused intensification of certain parameters of hepatocytes morphological damage. A simultaneous administration of methanol and NAC resulted in a lower degree of parenchymal damage. | This paper contrasts normal biochemistry reaction with MUG - Indole quick - examination in the suspicious strain of E. coli. The result shows: the biochemistry reaction of this strain conforms with national stardard in the normal examing times, and this strain is non - typical E. coli, but if citrate utilization time is extended to 144 hours, the result is changed to - + - +. The examination of MUG - Indole are negative at all. | eng_Latn | 27,469 |
A Facile Synthesis of 1,1,6-Trimethyl 1,2-Dihydronaphtalene | Abstract an easy two-step preparation of 1,1,6-trimethyl 1,2-dihydronaphtalene from α-ionone via 1,1,6-trimethyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtalene is described. | Simultaneous determination of fluoroacetamide and tetramethylendisulfotetramin with gas chromatography-mass spectrography was established. The condition of separation, ways of extraction, the qualitative and quantitative determination of two compounds were discussed. The linear ranges of fluoroacetamide and tetramethylendisulfotetramin were 5-40 micrograms/ml and 0.5-20.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. The recoveries of these two compounds in different sample were 52.25%-94.30% and 61.85%-92.50%, respectively. The method was fast, sensitive and accurate. | eng_Latn | 27,470 |
Evaluation of lymphocytes inactivation by extracorporeal photopheresis using tetrazolium salt based-assay. | Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is accepted as a second-line therapy for the treatment of acute and chronic steroid-refractory graft versus host disease (GvHD), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and solid organ transplantation. ECP should be validated: we compared in parallel apoptosis and proliferation analysis of patient lymphocytes treated with 8-MOP ECP using respectively Annexin V/7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) and CFSE with a tetrazolium salt (WST-1) method. Using WST-1 assay we found a significant decrement (p < 0.01) of metabolic activity at 4 days between ECP-treated and untreated cells. This finding was confirmed by the significant decrease of cell proliferation and increase of cell death observed by CFSE and 7AAD-Annexin V, respectively. Accordingly, once validated against a reference method, WST-1 could represent a rapid and easy assay for routinely quality control of ECP. | Soy proteins were incubated with a microbial acid protease (Molsin) under the following condition: substrate concentration, 1%; enzyme-substrate ratio (by weight), 1/100; pH, 2.8; and temperature, 40°C—flavor components and related impurities are removable from crude soy-protein concentrates by their incubation for 2 hr under the above condition. The acid-precipitated fraction of soy protein incubated for 2 hr with Molsin (i.e. 2 hr-proteolyzate) showed the following composition: 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) insoluble fraction, 47.52%; 10% TCA soluble peptide fraction, 52.02%; and free amino acid fraction, 0.46%. Gel filtration of the 2 hr-proteolyzate gave an elution pattern showing its molecular weight distribution.In the process of the incubation of the acid-precipitated protein, the 10% TCA insoluble fraction showed increase in amino nitrogen content, its solubility in a phosphate buffer increased to change at 6 hr, and a hydrophobic amino acid share in this fraction increased gradually.In vitro dig... | eng_Latn | 27,471 |
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate for Refractory Emesis in Cisplatin-Treated Patients | Abstract Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most distressing side effects in systemic chemotherapies. Recently, several effective agents have been developed to prevent CINV, and CINV can be prevented in 70%-80% of patients receiving chemotherapies. Conversely, 20%-30% of patients still suffer from CINV despite recommended optimal antiemetic preventions. Refractory emesis is defined as emesis occuring despite the use of antiemetic prophylaxis during the previous cycle of chemotherapy. Salvage treatments for refractory emesis are necessary, but there are few effective treatments at present. We consider medroxyprogesterone acetate to be a potentially promising agent for refractory emesis. We encountered three cases in which medroxyprogesterone acetate was extremely effective for refractory emesis induced by cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. | Abstract In this paper we present a new correction method of inner filter effects that occurs when measuring fluorescence Excitation–Emission Matrices (EEM) of concentrated solutions. While traditional method requires absorption measurement or sample dilution(s), the Mirrored Cell Approach (MCA) only requires two different EEM of the considered sample: a first one using a traditional cell and a second one using a mirrored cell. The mathematical relationship between both models is originally exploited to obtain a simple numerical correction. Method is validated using a set of known mixtures. In addition we show that advanced multilinear analysis can be efficiently applied on to the corrected EEM. | eng_Latn | 27,472 |
1,4-Dioxane-2,5-dione-type monomers derived from l-ascorbic and d-isoascorbic acids. Synthesis and polymerisation. | l-Ascorbic and d-isoascorbic acids have been used as the starting materials for the preparation of (3R,4'S)-3-(2',2'-dimethyl-1',3'-dioxolan-4'-yl)-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione (IPTA), (3R and S, 4'S,6R)-3-methyl-6-(2',2'-dimethyl-1',3'-dioxolan-4'-yl)-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione (IPTP) and (3R,4'R)-3-(2',2'-dimethyl-1',3'-dioxolan-4'-yl)-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione (IPEA), three novel 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione-type monomers. Ring-opening homopolymerisation and copolymerisation of the IPTA monomer, derived from l-ascorbic acid, with d,l-lactide have been performed. The polymers were characterised by elemental microanalysis, as well as IR and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies. GPC was used to estimate product molecular weights, and thermal studies (DSC and TGA) revealed that all the polymers were amorphous, being stable up to 250 degrees C under nitrogen. | Abstract Exposure of the dorsal skin of hairless mice to the light of a germicidal lamp under standardized conditions produces reproducible, time-dependent increases of putrescine and spermidine concentrations, and a decrease of spermine levels, concomitant with the increase of the rate of DNa synthesis. Systemic or topical treatment of the animals with α-difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, completely prevents the uv light-induced rapid formation of putrescine, and diminishes the enhancement of polyamine turnover rates. A significant effect of the drug on the rate of DNA synthesis could not be shown. The model is suitable for the study of interrelations between polyamine metabolism and cell proliferation and for the screening of compounds designed as inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. | eng_Latn | 27,473 |
Effect of Parathyroid Extract on Renin Release in the Dog | 1. A rapid increase in plasma renin activity occurred in dogs after intravenous administration of parathyroid extract. 2. This was not seen after injection of a purer parathormone preparation, or the solution used to dilute the parathyroid extract or calcitonin. 3. A vasoactive compound in parathyroid extract appears to provide the most likely explanation of this effect. | Abstract A synthesis and stereochemistry confirmation of a constituent recently isolated from the whole plant Isodon excisus is reported. An enantioselective catalytic boron-mediated reduction of an α-bromoketone was utilized in the key synthetic transformation. The methodology described herein was also used for the synthesis of the natural product's enantiomer and several derivatives. In addition, the compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activity in a caspase induction assay. The natural product was found to be devoid of activity, but several derivatives had moderate inhibitory activity (EC 50 | eng_Latn | 27,474 |
Chemical modification of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst) wood with melamine formaldehyde resin | Impregnation of Norway spruce soft wood with melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin under vacuum-pressure process showed promising potential to improve number of properties, such as, dimensional stability and surface hardness. In this study, MF resin impregnated wood was evaluated at different levels of weight percent gain (WPG) compared to untreated one, mainly for dimensional stability and surface hardness. The modified wood, at 22.9 level of WPG possessed increase in dimensional stability in terms of anti-swelling efficiency and surface hardness by 17.5% and 124% over untreated, control. Chemical adherence and/or reaction takes place onto wood cell wall components other than cell lumens, which was proved by vertical density profile (VDP), UV microscopic and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies. | In order to study possible mediators of the vascular manifestations of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), several arachidonic acid metabolites were injected into guinea-pig skin. SRS-A, LTB4, LTC and LTD increased vascular permeability, responses to LTs being enhanced by PGE2. Mepyramine inhibited responses to histamine, but not those to SRS-A and LTs: the latter were inhibited by the SRS-A antagonist FPL-55712. Both mepyramine and FPL-55712 exert limited inhibitory effects on vascular permeability during PCA. Leukotrienes may contribute towards vascular permeability during PCA. | eng_Latn | 27,475 |
Transport and magnetic properties of a new valence fluctuating compound SmRuSn3 | Abstract The electrical resistivity, the thermoelectric power, the Hall effect, the magnetic susceptibility and the magnetization of SmRuSn 3 with cubic Pr 3 Rh 4 Sn 13 type structure have been investigated between 1.5 and 300 K. It was found that SmRuSn 3 is a new valence fluctuating compound with an antiferromagnetic ordring below 6 K. The valency of Sm ions is estimated to be 2.8–2.9. The results are compared with those on isomorphous compounds Sm 3 Rh 4 Sn 13 and Sm 3 Ir 4 Sn 13 . | The toxic solution used at the Tokyo Subway Sarin Incident was purified by vacuum distillation. We were thus able to obtain sarin with high purity. We conducted a quantitative analysis of sarin using 31P-NMR spectrometry. High-purity sarin was examined by trimethyl phosphate as an internal standard. In comparison with 1H nondecoupling, the relative intensity between sarin and the internal standard did not change in 1H decoupling. Trimethyl phosphate is a good internal standard substance. A 31P-NMR chemical shift of trimethyl phosphate is separate from those of sarin and related compounds. Trimethyl phosphate has one phosphorus atom in the molecule, as does sarin. Since it is advantageous in the conversion of quantitative value, the molecular weight of trimethyl phosphate (m.w. 140.08) is close to that of sarin (m.w. 140.09). By using trimethyl phosphate as an internal standard, it is possible to conduct a quantitative analysis of sarin through 1H decoupled 31P-NMR spectrometry. | eng_Latn | 27,476 |
AMPEROMETRIC ASPARTATE ELECTRODE | Abstract An amperometric enzyme electrode for L -aspartate determination was developed. The probe consisted of a platinum electrode which senses hydrogen peroxide produced from the reactions catalyzed by two enzymes co-immobilized on a preactivated polymeric membrane, α-Ketoglutarate in the presence of L -aspartate was transaminated to L -glutamate by aspartate aminotransferase and the glutamate produced was oxidized by glutamate oxidase, with concomitant production of hydrogen peroxide. Additional protective membranes eliminated interferences from glutamate and most electroactive compounds. The response curve of the probe was linear over the concentration range 1.0 × 10 −6 M to 2.0 × 10 −4 M aspartate and was useful for at least two months. Aspartic acid in some pharmaceutical products was determined and the results correlated well with a liquid chromatographic reference method and the manufacturer's specification. | The present invention relates to an improved process for making polyamic ester comprising reacting an aromatic diester diacid halide with the monohydrohalide salt of an aromatic diamine in the presence of a base. The polyamic ester can be imidized to form a polyimide suitable for use in electronic components. | yue_Hant | 27,477 |
The Michael reaction of enamines with nitroolefins | Abstract Several Michael reactions of enamines with nitroolefins (or their cogeners, the β-nitroalkyl acetates) are described. Reduction of the products with amalgamated aluminum leads to heterocyclic compounds, e.g. from 2-(β-nitro-α-phenylethyl)cyclohexanone (IV) to a partially hydrogenated 3-phenylindole (VII). | OBJECTIVE To study the effect of solvents on the permeation of leflunomide in excised mouse skin. METHODS Modified Franz-diffusion cell adopted as apparatus for in vitro skin permeation, excised mouse skin as permeation barrier and permeability as index, the concentration of leflunomide in the samples was measured by HPLC. RESULTS Ethanol has enhancement effect on the permeability of leflunomide, propylene glycol and lower concentration DMI have little effect on the permeability of leflunomide. CONCLUSIONS These solvents can be used in the skin local preparations of leflunomide. | eng_Latn | 27,478 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance of rotational mobility of mouse hemoglobin labeled with (2-13C)histidine. | Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies were made on mouse hemoglobin specifically labeled at the C-2 histidine position. Measurement of the spin lattice relaxation times of the label before and after hemolysis of the erythrocytes provides information on the intracellular fluid viscosities. | The present invention relates to a method for checking CMIs trace resin is in the field of traditional Chinese medicine injection safety evaluation. The method of the present invention, first the principle of molecular sieve macromolecular species in traditional Chinese medicine injections different degrees enriched enriched liquid prepared macromonomer, further enriched liquid inspection macromolecules, i.e. the residue obtained was extracted with chloroform, and then glacial acetic acid check solubility residue; to facilitate the observation result, the need of glacial acetic acid is centrifuged, the traditional Chinese medicine injections can check the presence of a resin, the sensitivity is significantly higher than the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" method. By adjusting the sample volume and the enrichment ratio can be easily checked for sensitivity adjustment to check for resin injection particular medicine can be used for safety evaluation of TCM injections. | eng_Latn | 27,479 |
Rapid Determination of 50 Pesticide Residues in Citrus by QuEChERS-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | An analytical method for the rapid determination of 50 pesticides residues in citrus by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) with QuEChERS was established in a selected ion-monitoring(SIM) mode.The pesticide residues in samples were extracted into acetonitrile and salted out by anhydrous MgSO4 and NaCl.Then,the pesticide residues in the supernatant after clean-up on N-propyl ethylenediamine(PSA) cartridge were subjected to GC-MS analysis.Under the optimal conditions,the limits of detection(RSN = 3) of the established method were in the range of 0.0038-0.066 mg/kg,and the average recovery rates(n=6) for 50 pesticide residues in a blank sample were 72.0%-118.2% with a relative standard deviations(RSDs) of 1.7%-19.7%. | FIELD: biochemistry. SUBSTANCE: method involves preparing a mixture of free reagent with nucleic acids. Each nucleic acid is bound with the first reagent. Then interaction of the mixture with free reagent is carried out and reaction products are separated by capability of free reagent to change its properties. Invention can be used for identification of compounds, in part, nucleic acids. EFFECT: improved method of identification. 23 cl, 15 dwg, 1 tbl | eng_Latn | 27,480 |
In vitro mineral binding capacity of three fiber sources for Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn by two different methods | Acid-washing centrifugation (AWC) and cold-hot-water-enzyme incubation (WEI) methods were used to study the binding capacity (BC) of wheat bran, rice bran, and oat fiber for calcium, magnesium, copper, and zinc. Treated fibers were analyzed for protein, phytic acid (PA), total dietary fiber (TDF), and minerals. Protein content was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in WEI fibers than AWC fibers. WEI fibers had low protein concentration and no PA but higher TDF values (P < 0.05). Levels of Mg were the highest among the minerals studied. AWC treatment was significantly (P < 0.05) more efficient in stripping minerals than the WEI treatment. AWC fibers bound more minerals. Results indicate that the BC values of the fibers for minerals by the two methods were not comparable. | Publisher Summary This chapter describes the optical properties of cytochromes from beef heart mitochondria, submitochondrial vesicles, and derived preparations. A table in the chapter summarizes the optical data of cytochrome c oxidase and the components cytochromes b and c 1 from complex III at room temperature and at about 77°K. The data for cytochrome c oxidase and cytochrome c l were collected for the highly purified enzyme, whereas those for cytochrome b were determined in complex III. The absorbance coefficients of the mitochondrial cytochromes, calculated from pyridine hemochrome spectra and iron determinations, are mostly slightly lower than those from the titrations. These differences are probably because of the instability of reduced pyridine hemochromes or to the presence of iron contaminations in the preparations. Therefore, it is justified to consider as the more accurate absorbance coefficients those determined from titrations. | eng_Latn | 27,481 |
The Intracellular Location of Particulate‐Bound Polyphenol Oxidase in Avocado Mesocarp | Polyphenol oxidase of avocado mesocarp exists in a supernatant and a participate fraction. Isolation conditions were sought where maximal polyphenol oxidase activity could be retained in the particulate fraction. More polyphenol oxidase was associated with the 270–2000 g pellet than with the 2000–12,000 g pellet. ::: ::: ::: ::: Analysis of the particulate polyphenol oxidase on linear sucrose density gradient revealed two relatively heavy peaks. The data showed that the major part of polyphenol oxidase was not a constituent of chloroplasts, chromoplasts or mitochondria. The closeness of the positions of polyphenol oxidase and of catalase in both the green and the yellow zones of the mesocarp established that most of the particulate polyphenol oxidase of avocado is associated with microbodies. | Background ::: Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a common complication after cataract surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of three administering ways of rapamycin (RAPA) on the formation of PCO in rabbit eyes for 12 weeks. | eng_Latn | 27,482 |
Expression of tissue microarray p53, p16 and cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric cancer | Objective To constructed tissue microarray containing specimens from gastric cancer and adjacent noncancer tissue to survey the expression of p53, pl6 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) , and to obtain a comprehensive survey on the expression of three proteins in gastric cancer progression and their clinical significance. Methods We constructed a tissue microarray containing 50 | OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for analyzing HPLC fingerprint of Herba pogostemonis and compare the variability of four main producing areas. METHODS: Diamonsil (R) C18 column was used, the Methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid (gradient elution) as a mobile phase and detection wavelength was set at 254nm, column temperature was 25 degrees C and flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. RESULTS: There were differences between the HPLC fingerprint of Herba pogostemonis from various places of production. The similarity of Herba Pogostemonis cultivated in tow regions of Zhaoqing Gaoyao and Guangzhou Huangcun was over 90%, and there were more differences among them with Zhanjiang Wuchuan and Hainan Wanning. CONCLUSION: The method is reliable and accurate. The method can be used for the identification of the crude drug and the evaluation of its quality. | eng_Latn | 27,483 |
Changes in the U.S. Primary Standards for the Air Kerma From Gamma-Ray Beams | Monte Carlo photon-electron transport calculations have been done to derive new wall corrections for the six NBS-NIST standard graphite-wall, air-ionization cavity chambers that serve as the U.S. national primary standard for air kerma (and exposure) for gamma rays from (60)Co, (137)Cs, and (192)Ir sources. The data developed for and from these calculations have also been used to refine a number of other factors affecting the standards. The largest changes are due to the new wall corrections, and the total changes are +0.87 % to +1.11 % (depending on the chamber) for (60)Co beams, +0.64 % to +1.07 % (depending on the chamber) for (137)Cs beams, and -0.06 % for the single chamber used in the measurement of the standardized (192)Ir source. The primary standards for air kerma will be adjusted in the near future to reflect the changes in factors described in this work. | Object In order to identify the resources of official and unofficial plants in Rheum L.at molecular level, a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed. Methods The amplification program of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was optimized. Arbitrary decamer primers of 121 based on the individual selecting method, and 64 based on the BSA method were screened. Results Four primers among all screened primers were found to be useful to amplify specific strips to the official plants of Rheum L. Conclusion This method is reliable, accurate, quick and reproducible for authenticating the official and unofficial plants of Rheum L. at molecular level. Moreover, the experiment results indicate that it is more effective to screen the primers using BSA method than using individual selecting method. | eng_Latn | 27,484 |
Hepatotrophic growth factor in blood of mice treated with carbon tetrachloride | The presence of a human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF)-like DNA-synthesis promoter in platelet-poor serum of mice with liver injury was examined. Activity of the serum for stimulating DNA synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes was low in untreated or vehicle-treated mice, but markedly increased 24 h after carbon tetrachloride administration and then dropped to normal levels prior to the peak of liver DNA synthesis. The effect of the serum was additive with the maximal effects of mouse and human epidermal growth factors, but not with that of hHGF. The growth-stimulating factor in the mouse serum, like hHGF, had affinity for heparin and was heat-labile. These results indicate that the level of a serum hHGF-like hepatocyte growth factor increased in mice treated with carbon tetrachloride prior to liver regeneration. | Abstract Chemisorption of atomic H, C, N and O is studied by both EHT and IEHT methods using a cluster model. Preliminary calculations for the diatomic species HgHg and HgH enables the parameters involved in the calculations to be found. The minima positions over the surface model follows the order of the atomic sizes, and the charges on the adsorbates, at the minima, agree with the order of electronegativities. | eng_Latn | 27,485 |
Enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-tetrahydroalstonine, (+)-acricine, and (+)-reserpinine☆ | Starting from (−)β-ketoester 1a the preparation of (+)-elenoic acid 4a and (+)-isoelenoic acid 5a is descibed. Standard operations transform 5a into (+)-tetrahydroalstonine 7a, (+)-acricine 7b, and ( + )-reserpinine 7c. | SummaryA baby hamster kidney cell line transformed in vitro by adenovirus type 12 produced high titer T antigen. Using different tumor-bearing hamster sera in the indirect fluorescent antibody technic the resultant staining was either confined to the cytoplasm or was present also in the nucleus. Both the intranuclear T antigen and intracytoplasmic T antigen when isolated behaved similarly on hydroxylapatite columns and on starch block electrophoresis. On hydroxylapatite columns the majority of the recovered CF activity was eluted with 0.2 M salt. On starch block electrophoresis all of the recovered CF activity was present in one peak effecting a 10-fold increase in specific activity by a one-step procedure. Preparations with highest specific activity were obtained from fractions of nuclear preparations separated by starch block electrophoresis.The excellent technical assistance of Mrs. Jessie Doleman, Miss Shirley J. Hagens, Mrs. Beatrice R. O'Keefe and Mrs. Inta Ziedins is gratefully acknowledged. | eng_Latn | 27,486 |
Kinetics of the hydrolysis of tri- and diethyl phosphite | We have studied the kinetics of the hydrolysis of triethyl phosphite in water and dilute KOH, and of the hydrolysis of diethyl phosphite in water and dilute HCl. The temperature dependences of the velocity constants have been determined. | Abstract Exposure of the dorsal skin of hairless mice to the light of a germicidal lamp under standardized conditions produces reproducible, time-dependent increases of putrescine and spermidine concentrations, and a decrease of spermine levels, concomitant with the increase of the rate of DNa synthesis. Systemic or topical treatment of the animals with α-difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, completely prevents the uv light-induced rapid formation of putrescine, and diminishes the enhancement of polyamine turnover rates. A significant effect of the drug on the rate of DNA synthesis could not be shown. The model is suitable for the study of interrelations between polyamine metabolism and cell proliferation and for the screening of compounds designed as inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. | eng_Latn | 27,487 |
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF RETINAL AND α-TOCOPHEROL IN HUMAN SERUM BY RP-HPLC. | Objective:To establish a method to determinate the concentrations of retinal and α-tocopherol in human serum simultaneously.Methods:200 μl serum was added 200 μl anhydrous alcohol and 800 μl hexane,the mixture were shaken and centrifuged.then dried hexane with N 2 gas.Resolved with mobile phase.The HPLC system was consisted of Suplco C 18 column(15 cm×4.6 mm,5μm),mobile phase was methanol:water(93+7),detected wavelenth was 300 nm.Results:The linear ranges of determination of retinol and α-tocopherol were 6.54～65.40 μg/L(r=0.9999 5) and 0.10～5.05 mg/L(r=0.9999),respectively.The piked recoveries were 98.24%(RSD=2.92%) for retinol and 95.73%(RSD=3.80%) for α-tocopherol.553 serums of children were collected,retinol and α-tocopherol levels were determined by this method.Conclusion:The method is sensitive,simply,rapid and accurate. | Abstract It is well known that the oxypropylation of polymeric substrates always gives two products, namely the expected branched macromolecules and some propylene oxide homopolymer, resulting mostly from transfer reactions. The separation of these two products was attempted using potentially selective solvents such as diethyl ether, tetrachloromethane and hexane. FTIR, 1 H NMR, DCS and SEC techniques showed that the latter solvent, used under reflux, was the most suitable liquid in terms of selectivity. Both fractions were thoroughly characterised and useful information was thus gathered about the actual composition of the reaction products as well as their structure, molecular weight, T g and viscosity. | yue_Hant | 27,488 |
Diel Variations in Circulating Levels of Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine in Goldfish, Carassius auratus | Goldfish maintained on a 12 h light: 12 h dark photoperiod (light onset 0800 hours) and sampled at one of six different times of day had significant differences in both serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels depending on the time of day of sampling. Hormone titers were determined by commercial radioimmunoassay kits. Maximum levels for T3 and T4 occurred at 1600 hours; minimum levels occurred during the 4 h preceding the onset of light (0400- and 0800-hour samples). There was no apparent effect of sampling stress (< 15 min) on titers of T3 and T4. | OBJECTIVE:To probe into the optimum condition and dosage of activated carbon in the preparation of arilin injection.METHODS:The impacts of activated carbon of different dosage at different temperature,different storage time and different pH value of preparation on the contents of arilin injection were investigated and analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Positive correlation was found between the descending degree of the contents of arilin and the dosage of the activated carbon(P 0.01);the longer the storage time,the bigger of the descending degree of the contents of arilin;temperature and pH value had small impacts on the contents of arilin.CONCLUSION:The optimum preparation condition for arilin injection was the followˉing:the preparation temperature was40℃～80℃;the storage time was10min～15min;the pH value was4.5～7.0and the dosage of activated carbon was0.02%～0.05%.Beyond the control limits,the dosage of arilin should be regulated. | eng_Latn | 27,489 |
Sulforaphane inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α induced migration and invasion in estrogen receptor negative human breast cancer cells | Sulforaphane significantly (p<0.05) inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced cellular migration and invasion in MCF10DCIS.com human breast cancer cells, compared with controls. mRNA and protein expressions of MMPs, including MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13, and the enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were suppressed by sulforaphane treatments at 1, 5, and 10 μM concentration in MCF10DCIS.com cells. Sulforaphane should be considered as a potent agent for retardation of mammary tumorigenesis. | Strontium titanate nanopowders were prepared by complexing sol-gel method,with strontium nitrate,tetrabutyl titanate,citric acid and ethylene glycol as reactants.By means of XRD,SEM,the structure,particle size and dispersity were characterized.Its ultrasonic degradation performance for basic fuchsin was studied.The degradation effect toward basic fuchsin was discussed in different conditions:without SrTiO3,different SrTiO3 amount,different H2O2 dosage and different initial concentration of basic fuchsin.The results showed that with the SrTiO31g/L,H2O25mL/L,after 10 minutes ultrasonic,the degradation rate of basic fuchsin wastewater(40mg/L)reached97.7%.Degradation effect was still more than 95%after seven recycles.It indicated that the method was worthy and meaningful in degradation of triphenylmethane dye wastewater. | eng_Latn | 27,490 |
Carnitine palmitolyltransferase activity and fatty acid oxidation by livers from fetal and neonatal rats. | In liver preparations from fetal rats, the rate of palmitate oxidation to CO2 was approximately one-tenth that found in adult liver homogenates, and the rate of incorporation of labeled palmitate into acetoacetate by livers from fetal animals was approximately one-hundredth of the corresponding rate in liver preparations from neonatal rats. Shortly after birth, the hepatic rate of oxidation of long-chain fatty acids increased greatly, and in liver preparations from 2-day-old rats, the rate was faster than that observed in adult liver preparations.The changes in activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase in hepatic mitochondria from fetal and neonatal rats were nearly parallel to changes in fatty acid oxidation. Activities in fetal liver preparations were approximately one-tenth those observed in liver mitochondria from adults, while activities in hepatic mitochondria from 2- or 3-day-old rats were slightly greater than those found in adult liver.It was concluded that the rate of hepatic fatty acid oxidati... | A quantitative model of ionization in ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (Knochenmuss, R. J. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 37, 867) is extended to include secondary ion-molecule reactions. Matrix-to-analyte charge-transfer reaction kinetics are described by a hard-sphere Arrhenius expression. The activation energy is derived from the reaction exoergicity using a nonlinear free energy relationship. The approach is applied to the specific case of proton-transfer reactions. With no adjustable parameters, the model correctly predicts the existence and characteristics of the matrix and analyte suppression effects, the shapes of the two-pulse time-delayed yield curves, and the dependence of analyte yields on laser fluence, molecular weight, relative concentrations, and reaction exoergicity. | eng_Latn | 27,491 |
Physico-chemical interaction in the Tl2Se–HgSe–DIVSe2 systems (DIV – Si, Sn) | Abstract Phase equilibria in the quasi-ternary systems Tl 2 Se–HgSe–D IV Se 2 were investigated by XRD method. Isothermal sections of the systems at 520 K were constructed. Quaternary compounds Tl 2 HgD IV Se 4 were found at this temperature in both systems. They crystallize in the non-centrosymmetric tetragonal space group I 4 ¯ 2 m with the lattice parameters a = 0.80032(3) nm, c = 0.66879(4) nm ( R I = 0.0762, R P = 0.1199) for Tl 2 HgSiSe 4 , and a = 0.80407(1) nm, c = 0.68852(2) nm ( R I = 0.0746, R P = 0.1158) for Tl 2 HgSnSe 4 . | Selenium (Se) was fed at 7 ppm either as selenite or as naturally present in wheat to Japanese quail for 10 weeks. This relatively high level depressed body weights but both forms of Se protected against the acute toxicity of methylmercury (MHg) fed at 20 ppm. In contrast to the observed trend that selenite Se promotes less Se residue in tissues compared with natural Se, the livers of the selenite Se-MHg fed birds contained more Se and total Hg than quail fed the high Se wheat-MHg diet. Kidney Hg levels were also highest in the selenite Se-MHg fed group. Japanese quail hens had much lower Hg tissue residues than the males, probably reflecting Hg excretion in eggs. MHg feeding depressed egg production and enhanced eggshell thinning especially in the hens from the selenite Se-MHg treated group. 14 references, 3 figures, 3 tables. | eng_Latn | 27,492 |
Single Crystal Alloy Film Infrared Detectors. | Abstract : Activation techniques have been developed to produce enhanced performance and increased yield of PbS0.5 Se0.5 detectors with large area (2/2.3 x 10 to the minus two cm) for detection of infrared (ir) radiation in the 3 micrometers to 5 micrometers band. Incorporation of chloride at the Pb salt surface and/or heat treatment annealing of the detector have been effective in enhancing device performance. The heat treatment technique which produces a diffused Pb salt/Pb interface has given the best results in terms of performance and yield. These results do not preclude the necessity of obtaining high quality epitaxial Pb salt thin films as the basis for detector fabrication. (Author) | Artificial sweeteners are widely used in food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries all over the world. In this study some non-nutritive sweeteners such as aspartame, acesulfame-K, sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin were simultaneously determined in ternary mixtures using FT-IR and EI-MS measurements. FT-IR method is based on direct measurements of the peak height values and area centered on 1736 cm−1, 836 cm−1, 2854 cm−1 and 1050 cm−1 for aspartame, acesulfame-K, sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin, respectively. Mass spectrometry determinations show the characteristic peaks at m/z 91 and 262 for aspartame,m/z 43 and 163 acesulfame-K,m/z 83 and 97 for sodium cyclamate andm/z 104 and 183 for sodium saccharin. The results obtained by EI-MS in different formulations are in agreement with the FT-IR ones and provide also essential data concerning the purity grade of the components. It is concluded that FT-IR and EI-MS procedures developed in this work represent a fast, sensitive and low cost alternativ... | eng_Latn | 27,493 |
The Use of Guanidine-HCl for the Isolation of Both RNA and Protein from RNA Tumour Viruses | Summary ::: The RNA components of two C-type RNA viruses, avian myeloblastosis virus and Friend leukaemia virus, have been isolated by treatment of the viruses with 6 m-guanidine-HCl and precipitation with ethanol. The virus proteins were recovered by lyophilization of the guanidine-HCl-ethanol supernatant after thorough dialysis against 0.5 mm-dithiothreitol. This simple method yielded RNA of similar quality to the phenol and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) extraction methods, and the same amount of 60–70S RNA, although a fraction of the smaller (4S) species remained in the protein fraction. The sedimentation patterns of heat-denatured RNA extracted by either method were similar. Electrophoretic analyses of the extracted proteins in polyacrylamide gel gradients containing SDS gave patterns that were very similar to those obtained by direct analysis of SDS disrupted viruses. | Object In order to identify the resources of official and unofficial plants in Rheum L.at molecular level, a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed. Methods The amplification program of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was optimized. Arbitrary decamer primers of 121 based on the individual selecting method, and 64 based on the BSA method were screened. Results Four primers among all screened primers were found to be useful to amplify specific strips to the official plants of Rheum L. Conclusion This method is reliable, accurate, quick and reproducible for authenticating the official and unofficial plants of Rheum L. at molecular level. Moreover, the experiment results indicate that it is more effective to screen the primers using BSA method than using individual selecting method. | eng_Latn | 27,494 |
Response of hepatic and small intestinal biosynthesis of cholesterol to nicotinic acid and anabolic steroids in rats. | Summary The influence on the blood cholesterol level and on cholesterol biosynthesis ([ 14 C] acetate incorporation) in the liver, small intestine and blood was investigated in rats after daily oral treatment with nicotinic acid, methyltestosterone and an anabolic steroid, PS-179, for one week. Plasma cholesterol levels were significantly decreased with PS-179, but not with nicotinic acid or methyltestosterone. None of the drugs altered the cholesterol levels in the liver and intestine. All drugs produced a significant decrease in the incorporation time of labelled cholesterol into liver and a significant increase in the intestine. Total cholesterol biosynthesis in liver and intestine were not altered with any of these drugs. | Using the ADAPT and CHEMLAB-II systems for structure-activity analysis, computer-calculated electronic properties of molecules were used to derive structure-activity relationships for predicting the mutagenicity of a set of substituted acridines in strain TA1537 of the Ames Salmonella assay. A collection of 40 acridines, with a variety of substituents, was examined. A set of 4 electronic descriptors was found which could be used to correctly classify all but two of the compounds as mutagenic or nonmutagenic. A negative correlation was found between the sum of the Hammett aromatic substituent parameters and the level of mutagenicity of the structures, expressed as log(number of revertants/plate + 1) at a 20-micrograms dose. This correlation, however, was not high enough to allow precise estimation of the mutagenicity values. | eng_Latn | 27,495 |
A quantitative model of ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization including analyte ion generation. | A quantitative model of ionization in ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (Knochenmuss, R. J. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 37, 867) is extended to include secondary ion-molecule reactions. Matrix-to-analyte charge-transfer reaction kinetics are described by a hard-sphere Arrhenius expression. The activation energy is derived from the reaction exoergicity using a nonlinear free energy relationship. The approach is applied to the specific case of proton-transfer reactions. With no adjustable parameters, the model correctly predicts the existence and characteristics of the matrix and analyte suppression effects, the shapes of the two-pulse time-delayed yield curves, and the dependence of analyte yields on laser fluence, molecular weight, relative concentrations, and reaction exoergicity. | This paper examines the application of the Least Absolute Deviations (LAD) method for ridge-type parameter estimation of Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations (SURE) models. The methodology is aimed to deal with the SURE models with non-Gaussian error terms and highly collinear predictors in each equation. Some biasing parameters used in the literature are taken and the efficiency of both Least Squares (LS) ridge estimation and the LAD ridge estimation of the SURE models, through the Mean Squared Error (MSE) of parameter estimators, is evaluated. | eng_Latn | 27,496 |
Weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin may be an option for salvage chemotherapy in stage IV melanoma patients | 7572 Background Patients (pts) with metastatic melanoma (MM) have very few therapy options. Based on anecdotal reports of responses to Paclitaxel and Carboplatin (PC), several MM pts were treated with PC in our institution. Here we review our results with PC in a clinical practice setting. Methods Medical records were used to identify MM pts who had got PC, and data abstracted about pt characteristics and outcomes. Response determinations using clinical criteria were noted, and verified according to RECIST criteria, where possible. Results 17 pts (12 men and 5 women) started received weekly carboplatin (AUC=2) and Paclitaxel (100 mg/m2) between 5/2003 and 9/2004. Response evaluations were performed every 3 weeks. 1 pt was lost to follow up after 9 weeks of therapy. Pts were heavily pre-treated; with a mean of 1.8 (range 1–4) prior systemic therapies per pt. Mean duration of therapy was 8 weeks (range 3–21 w). 7 pts progressed (PROG) at the first evaluation, while a subset of pts appeared to have clear cli... | The experiment was conducted to optimize the conditions of A-PAGE for isolating salt soluble proteins of foxtail millet.10 foxtail millet varieties were used for A-PAGE.A number of A-PAGE electropherograms were obtained at different levels of dosage of catalyst,gel concentrations,cross-linkages,injecting volumes,pH of gel buffer,and the use of inspissate gel.The optimal conditions for A-PAGE were raised after deliberate investigation.Detailed criteria were as following: dosage of 3% H2O2 1 μl/ml gel,gel concentration 13%,cross-linkages 4%,pH of gel buffer 3.7,and the injecting volumes between 20 and 30 μl.Furthermore,the use of inspissate gel enhanced the resolution of gel electropherograms. | eng_Latn | 27,497 |
Pantothenic acid, acute ethanol consumption and sulphadimidine acetylation | The effect of pantothenic acid and acute ethanol loading on the genetically determined N-acetyltransferase activity has been studied using sulphadimidine as a test substance. The administration of 1100 mg pantothenic acid daily (600 mg orally, 500 mg iv) for seven days did not significantly alter sulphadimidine kinetics in the primarily elderly 21 subjects we investigated. Acute ethanol loading (0.73 g/kg pure alcohol at start and 0.11 g/kg pure alcohol hourly for 8 hours afterwards, stock solution: 20% v/v ethanol in fruit juice) did not change sulphadimidine acetylation in 10 healthy male volunteers. It is concluded that despite theoretical assumptions exogenous factors like pantothenic acid and ethanol do not significantly influence the cytosolic N-acetyltransferase activity. Consequently they do not interfere with the acetylator phenotyping procedure. | 4 analogs of naturally occurring gallotannins have been synthesized upon acylation of sucrose by 2, 3, 6 and 8 galloyl groups. In a simple test using the DPPH radical, the antioxidant activity of such esters appears proportional to the number of the galloyl units. ::: ::: Sucrose derivatives bearing 2, 3, 6 and 8 galloyl groups have been synthesized and tested for antioxidant activity. ::: Download full-size image | eng_Latn | 27,498 |
Synthesis and Complexes of the New Scorpionate Ligand Tris[3-(4-benzonitrile)-pyrazol-1-yl]borate | A new scorpionate ligand, hydro-tris[3-(4-benzonitrile)-pyrazol-1-yl]borate (Tp4bz), was synthesized and the crystal structures of its potassium salt and its MnII, CoII, NiII, and CdII complexes were determined. | The toxic solution used at the Tokyo Subway Sarin Incident was purified by vacuum distillation. We were thus able to obtain sarin with high purity. We conducted a quantitative analysis of sarin using 31P-NMR spectrometry. High-purity sarin was examined by trimethyl phosphate as an internal standard. In comparison with 1H nondecoupling, the relative intensity between sarin and the internal standard did not change in 1H decoupling. Trimethyl phosphate is a good internal standard substance. A 31P-NMR chemical shift of trimethyl phosphate is separate from those of sarin and related compounds. Trimethyl phosphate has one phosphorus atom in the molecule, as does sarin. Since it is advantageous in the conversion of quantitative value, the molecular weight of trimethyl phosphate (m.w. 140.08) is close to that of sarin (m.w. 140.09). By using trimethyl phosphate as an internal standard, it is possible to conduct a quantitative analysis of sarin through 1H decoupled 31P-NMR spectrometry. | eng_Latn | 27,499 |
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