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Occurrence of aminopropylhomospermidine and canavalmine in the hamster epididymis. | The Syrian hamster epididymis contains rather high levels of sym-homospermidine, N1-acetylspermidine and N1-acetylspermine in addition to the common polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. In the present study two other polyamines were identified in adult hamster epididymis by gas chromatography; they are aminopropylhomospermidine [NH2(CH2)3NH(CH2)4NH(CH2)4NH2] and canavalmine [NH2(CH2)4NH(CH2)3NH(CH2)4NH2]. The molar ratio of the former to the latter was about 2:1. This is the first report to show that tetraamines other than spermine are present in mammalian tissues. | Introduction ::: The purpose of this study is to compare the tissue incorporation of a novel fenestrated and non-fenestrated crosslinked porcine dermal matrix (CPDM) (CollaMend™, Davol Inc., Warwick, RI) in a porcine model of ventral hernia repair. | eng_Latn | 27,600 |
THE OXIDATION OF A COMPLEX URANIUM SALT IN ALKALINE SOLUTION | The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with U salts in the presence of an excess of alkaline carbonate produces a red-orange solution. Spectrophotometric studies indicate the formation of a peroxide complex as a result of the reaction between an H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ molecule and a U atom. The equilibrium constant, indicating the stability of the compound, was determined. (tr-auth) | Background ::: Unsaturated fatty acids (FA) are required for cancer cell growth. In normoxia cells can generate unsaturated FA from saturated stearic and palmitic acid by desaturation. However, since the desaturation step is oxygen-dependent hypoxic cancer cells display an increased dependence on the uptake of unsaturated FA. Up to now the mechanism of increased FA uptake in hypoxia is largely unknown. Here we aimed to study the role of human serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1) in the regulation of FA uptake in cancer cells exposed to acute or chronic cycling hypoxia and explore its use as target for the radiosensitization of hypoxic cancer cells. | yue_Hant | 27,601 |
Determination of Diprophylline in Sustained-Release Tablets by HPLC | Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of diprophylline and its related substance in sustained-release tablets. Method Hypersil-C 18 column (250 mm×4. 6 mm, 10 μm) was used as the stationary phase, and methanol-water (24∶76) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min -1 . The detect wavelength was 273 nm. Results A good linearity was obtained within the range of 20. 0～320. 0 μg·mL -1 . The average recovery of diprophylline was 100. 09% (n=2, RSD=1.19%). Conclusion This method is simple, rapid, and accurate which can be used to determine diprophylline and its degradation product. | Introduction A successful fi rst structure refi nement of lysozyme [1] already proved the value of standard XRPD laboratory instruments for protein structure research. In this contribution we will present new measurements and crystallographic analysis results of insulin and insulin derivatives performed on data from a PANalytical X’Pert PRO diffractometer used in different confi gurations. We additionally demonstrate that even fast measurements on a 96 well plate as used for polymorph screening purposes, result in high quality data, which is suitable for automatic crystallographic analysis like indexing [2] and LeBail [3] fi tting. | eng_Latn | 27,602 |
Amino acid sequence and attachment sites of oligosaccharide units of porcine erythrocyte glycophorin. | The amino acid sequence of the glycophorin from porcine erythrocyte membrane has been determined by Edman degradation. Porcine glycophorin is a polypeptide chain of 133 amino acid residues and contains 12 oligosaccharide units attached to the amino-terminal side of the molecule. Ten oligosaccharides are linked O-glycosidically to threonine/serine residues and the remaining two oligosaccharides are attached N-glycosidically to asparagine residues. The amino acid sequence is consistent with the transmembrane orientation of glycophorin. Porcine and human glycophorins are similar in amphiphilic property, molecular size, and carbohydrate content, but the two glycophorins differ considerably in the amino acid sequence: particularly, the amino-terminal sequences which are highly glycosylated show no homology. | The experiment was conducted to optimize the conditions of A-PAGE for isolating salt soluble proteins of foxtail millet.10 foxtail millet varieties were used for A-PAGE.A number of A-PAGE electropherograms were obtained at different levels of dosage of catalyst,gel concentrations,cross-linkages,injecting volumes,pH of gel buffer,and the use of inspissate gel.The optimal conditions for A-PAGE were raised after deliberate investigation.Detailed criteria were as following: dosage of 3% H2O2 1 μl/ml gel,gel concentration 13%,cross-linkages 4%,pH of gel buffer 3.7,and the injecting volumes between 20 and 30 μl.Furthermore,the use of inspissate gel enhanced the resolution of gel electropherograms. | eng_Latn | 27,603 |
Endoglin (CD105) is a more appropriate marker than CD31 for detecting microvessels in carotid artery plaques | Background: ::: Microvascular proliferation is a major risk factor for plaque vulnerability in patients with carotid stenosis. There are several vascular endothelial markers such as CD31 and CD105, but it is unclear which marker is most sensitive for microvessels. This study sought to examine the correlations between CD31 and CD105 expression in microvessels on carotid plaques and clinical manifestations. | A new extraction procedure is applied here to radioimmunoassay of serum estradiol. Small columns packed with porous, grainy kieselguhr are loaded with the samples. The kieselguhr material acts as support for the water phase, from which the lipophilic compound estradiol is eluted with diethyl ether. With use of a specially constructed rack, several columns can be handled simultaneously, which makes the procedure convenient for routine use: 40 columns can be processed in about 30 min, including application of samples, elution, and evaporation of solvent. The results correlate well (r = 0.98) with those by conventional liquid-liquid extraction, and the new method has lower interassay coefficients of variation. When tritiated estradiol in water solution was applied onto the columns, 97.7% was recovered in the extract. The current cost of materials used for the extraction is about $0.20 per column. | eng_Latn | 27,604 |
Raman spectral studies of nucleic acids. XI. Conformations of yeast tRNAPhe and E. coli ribosomal RNA in aqueous solution and in the solid state | Laser-excited Raman spectra of tRNAPhe from yeast and of fractionated 16S and 23S rRNA from E. coli are reported for samples in aqueous solution and in the solid state. The Raman scattering spectrum of each RNA is not significantly altered by the change from an aqueous to a solid environment and displays the same characteristic frequencies and intensities associated with ordered polyribonucleotide structures. Unlike DNA, the backbone conformation of RNA thus appears to be largely insensitive to gross changes in the degree of hydration. ::: ::: ::: ::: Raman scattering from the phosphate group vibrations of aqueous tRNAyeastPhe is qualitatively and quantitatively the same as obtained from previously studied tRNA's and is indicative of a highly ordered conformational structure in which some 85% of the nucleotide residues are in ordered configurations. The major differences observed between spectra of tRNA and rRNA are attributed to differences in base composition of these RNA's. | Abstract Responses of the chorda tympani in macaque monkeys (crab-eating and rhesus monkeys) to a variety of taste stimuli were recorded. The monkey chorda tympani responded well not only to NaCl, sucrose, HCl and quinine but also to saccharin sodium, dulcin and sodium cyclamate. The magnitude of response to KCl is smaller than that for NaCl, and KCl at a concentration below 0.1 M depressed the spontaneous discharge. The stimulating effectiveness of 0.3 M chloride salts and sodium salts, when the steady response magnitude was compared with one another, is Li ≧ Na ≧ Ca ≧ Sr ≧ Mg > NH 4 ≧ K for cations, and F ≧ saccharin > glutamate ≧ SO 4 ≧ acetate ≧ I ≧ Br ≧ NO 3 ≧ Cl for anions. The spontaneous discharge was slightly suppressed by deionized water, which, however, yielded a positive response when the tongue had been adapted to a saline solution containing KCl. Similarity in taste responses between macaque monkeys and humans was discussed. | eng_Latn | 27,605 |
Clinical effect of compound fetal bovine liver extract combined with metformin on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. | This assay was to assess therapeutic effect of compound fetal bovine liver extract with metformin on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 68 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were randomly divided into experiment group ( n=34, treated with compound fetal bovine liver extract with metformin ) and control group ( n - 34, treated with metformin) . After 3 months, serum ALT, AST, GGT, TG, TC, HCL-C, HA, LN, CⅣ, PCⅢwere detected. From the results, we know that the index of hepatic function reduced obviously both in experiment group and control group at the endpoint, especially in the former group (P 0. 05). The level of TG, TC decreased markedly in experiment group. But in control group only the level of TG decreased after treatment. The level of HDL - C increased markedly only in experiment group ( P 0. 01). The level of serum HA, LN, PCⅢin experiment group decreased markedly. So we draw the conclusion that the treatment of fetal bovine liver extract combined with metformin was effective for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. | The mass transfer characteristics of water vapor absorption into mixtures of lithium bromide and organic salts of sodium and potassium (formate, acetate, and lactate) were experimentally investigated, in order to select the mixture that presents better properties for its use in absorption refrigeration cycles. The main objective is to overcome the limitations of lithium bromide and improve the characteristics and efficiency of the refrigeration cycle. Taking into account the aspect of operating range and mass transfer characteristics, the LiBr + CHO2Na (sodium formate) + water (LiBr/CHO2Na = 2 by mass) could be a promising working fluid as an alternative to the LiBr + water solution. | eng_Latn | 27,606 |
Difference of Leaching Liability of minerals in Forages | Three minerals in orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata Linn.) grown under different potassium (K20) levels in water culture, potassium(K), magnesium(Mg) and calcium(Ca) were divided into water, alcohol, and acid soluble fractions to know the reason of different lea¬ching rate. The results were as follows; (1) The percentage of K in each fraction to total K was not affected by the fertilization levels, and it was 90-93, 4-6, and 2~3% in water, methanol and 0.5% HCI soluble fractions, respectively. (2) About 800/c of the extractive Mg was water soluble, and 14-22% of total Mg were extracted by O. 5% HC! solution. (3) The percentage of water, O. 5% HCI- and 1 M HCI-soluble Ca to total Ca were affected by the fertilization levels, and were 26-46%, 44-54%, and 8-22%, respectively. From the above facts, it is known that the solubility in water was the highest in K and followed by Mg and Ca. While the solubility in HCI solution was opposite to that in water. | The LR-5 and LR-M criteria provide comparable performances for differentiating between hepatocellular carcinoma and other hepatic malignancy with the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System, or LI-... | eng_Latn | 27,607 |
Near Infrared Spectroscopic Characterisation of Secondary Structure Content of Proteins | Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was investigated as a non-destructive and rapid method to characterise the secondary structures of proteins in solid state. The absorption spectra of 11 reference proteins (0-46% α-helix, 6-73% β-sheet) were obtained using an Antaris NIR Analyser and quantitatively analysed using a chemometric software program to correlate the NIR spectral data to the secondary structure content obtained from X-ray crystallography and Raman spectroscopy. Simple linear regression analyses of the normalised second derivative NIR spectra indicated that 6289 cm−1 (R2 = 0.99, RMSEC = 2.6) and 4602 cm−1 (R2 = 0.96, RMSEC = 5.6) were highly sensitive wave number regions for β-sheet structure and the calibration models were highly predictive for three additional proteins which served as external validation standards (average error 2% and 3%, respectively). The second derivative NIR spectra at 4602 cm−1 was also found to be sensitive to α-helical content (R2 = 0.93, RMSEC = 5.8) and predictive of t... | Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies were made on mouse hemoglobin specifically labeled at the C-2 histidine position. Measurement of the spin lattice relaxation times of the label before and after hemolysis of the erythrocytes provides information on the intracellular fluid viscosities. | eng_Latn | 27,608 |
Selenium-catalyzed regioselective cyclization of unsaturated carboxylic acids using hypervalent iodine oxidants. | A new and convenient selenium-catalyzed regioselective cyclization of γ,δ-unsaturated carboxylic acids to the corresponding 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ones is described. The cyclization products have been obtained in good to excellent yields using diphenyl diselenide as a catalyst and [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene as a stoichiometric oxidant. | The differential ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of salicylate according to Williams et al. (11) and the single extraction ultraviolet spectrophotometric method of Stevenson (9) are subject to interference by serotonin. Probably as a result of this interference, the results are erratic when low concentrations of salicylate are monitored in capillary blood. Owing to a peculiarity of the ultraviolet absorbance spectrum of serotonin, there is no appreciable interference by serotonin, if the double extraction method of Stevenson (9) is used, in which the spectrophotometry is carried out in phosphate buffer of pH 6.86. With due precautions and standardization, reliable results are obtained, so that this comparatively simple and rapid method can be recommended wherever capillary blood sampling (finger tip, the heel in pediatrics) is preferable to venous blood sampling. Pharmacokinetical results, obtained by this method, are given for three human subjects after a single oral dose of 500 mg aspirin. | eng_Latn | 27,609 |
The Influence of Intake Pressure on Hydrogen-enriched Gasoline Engine Performance | The influences of intake pressure on combustion and emission were researched on a 4-cylinder gasoline engine with electronic-controlled hydrogen injection system.The results show that the indicated mean effective pressure and indicated thermal efficiency increase with the increase of intake pressure before and after mixing the hydrogen.For the same intake pressure,the indicated thermal efficiency of hydrogen-enriched engine increases,but the indicated mean effective pressure decreases at higher intake pressure.With the increase of intake pressure,the HC and CO emission decrease step by step,but the NOx emission increases.Under the same conditions of intake pressure,the addition of hydrogen is helpful to reduce the HC and CO emission. | Objective: To study the flatulent phenomena of mouse produced by three oligosaccharides. Methods: The mouse model of flatulence was set up, and the flatulence induced by soybean oligosaccharides, modified soybean oligosaccharides,and fructooligosaccharides was investigated by measuring intestinal flatulent volume. Results: The intestinal flatulent volumes in the groups of soybean oligosaccharides and modified soybean oligosaccharides were not different from control(P0.05). The difference between middle and low dosage groups of fructooligosaccharides with control was also insignificant(P0.05), but between high dosage group and control was significant (P0.01). Conclusion: Flatulence was very remarkable in the high dosage group of fructooligosaccharides (the dosage is 100 times as much as the practical dose of adults). | eng_Latn | 27,610 |
[Specific bronchial hyperreactivity and serum IgE antibodies in patients with bronchial asthma and household sensitization]. | The task of the study is the parallel examination of the specific bronchial hyperreactivity toward the allergen domestic dust and the level of the specific antibodies of the class IgE. 31 patients with a light form of atopic bronchial asthma and supposed domestic sensibilization were examined. The results showed that the patients with proved domestic sensibilization had high level of specific antibodies of the class IgE toward domestic allergens and positive inhalational bronchial provocative tests with the allergen domestic dust. | Publisher Summary Kelley and Reddy have shown a positive correlation between ethylene production from α-keto-γ-methylthiolbutyric acid (KTBA) and ligninolytic activity. The basis of this assay is originally thought to be dependent on hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-derived, hydroxyl radical ( . OH), which is known to react with KTBA to produce ethylene. Recently, extracellular enzymes, ligninase, capable of degrading a wide variety of chemical bonds found in lignin have been isolated. At least one of these enzymes is also capable of generating ethylene from KTBA. Therefore, the ethylene assay may be a measure of . OH and/or ligninase. In either case, ethylene production from KTBA is associated with ligninolytic activity. The advantages of the ethylene assay are high sensitivity, the ability to measure activity in intact cells, and the ability to measure as small as 5 ml of culture. Possible caveats of this assay are that ethylene production does not always correlate with 14 CO 2 production from [ 14 C]lignin. | eng_Latn | 27,611 |
Continuous Monitoring of Intragastric pH and Bilirubin in Dogs | Objective To study intragastric pH and bile reflux in dogs. Methods Intragastric pH and bilirubin absorbance(abs) were determined continuously in 5 fasting dogs by combined gastric pH and bilirubin monitoring (Bilitec 2000),each dog underwent the experiment twice.Results The gastric pH fluctuated from 1.2-7.8, with a mean of 5.4±0.5, the percentile value for pH4 was (91.2±7.3)% of the total time. There was only one time of bile reflux; among the other nine experiments, abs fluctuated from 0-0.20,with a mean of 0.08±0.02.Conclusion Dogs had a higher level of gastric pH than human. It was the first time for us to use Bilitec 2000 in dogs, and only little bile reflux was found. It is suggested that the absorbance threshold of intragastric bile reflux should be 0.20 in dogs. | AbstractThe use of bis(thiosemicarbazide) palladium(II) dichloride as a desensitizer in the developer is shown to allow processing of panchromatic monochrome film in ambient actinic light. The variation of fog and contrast with desensitizer concentration is described and explained. No significant difference is observed between the cis and trans isomers of the desensitizer. | eng_Latn | 27,612 |
Quantitative determination of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dg) by using ELISA. | Abstract In order to establish a quantitative assay for 8-OHdG concentrations in urine, we examined the precision of a test for the recovery of 8-OHdG in urine by using an ELISA method. The coefficient of variation (CV) for assay with incubation in water or air ranged between 7.0% and 8.4% and between 19.2% and 30.6%, respectively. The data by using incubation in water gave higher accuracy than those in air. The recovery rates of 8-OHdG in urine sample ranged from 95 - 114%. Our results indicated that the excellent sensitivity of this ELISA kit by using incubation in water makes its use possible for the determination in urine with a good reproducibility and recovery of 8-OHdG-spiked samples. | This report covers holdup measurements of uranium residue in the cooling hut HEPA bank of the 321-M facility. This report discusses the methodology, non-destructive assay measurements, assumptions, and results of the uranium holdup in this item. | eng_Latn | 27,613 |
Bentiromide as a test of exocrine pancreatic function in adult patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: Determination of appropriate dose and urinary collection interval | Abstract A dose-ranging crossover study of orally administered bentiromide was conducted in 47 patients with chronic pancreatic disease and 61 healthy volunteers. Four doses (100 mg, 500 mg, 1 g, and 5 g) and postdosing urine collection periods (0–3, 0–6, 0–12, and 0–24 h) were studied. Of these, the 500-mg dose and 0–6-h urine collection period afforded maximal separation of urinary arylamine excretion rates between the two populations. At this dose and collection period, the lower limit of normal (mean − 2 SD) for the control group was 57%; none of the healthy volunteers had 6-h arylamine excretion rates | AIM: To optimize the extraction of the anthraquinone aglycnes from Rhubarb using supercritical fluid extraction(SFE). METHODS: Orthogonal design and variance analysis were used to optimize five operational variables of SFE. RESULTS: The optimized operational variables of SFE were obtained as following: the temperature was 70 °C , the pressure was 35 MPa, the static extraction time was 8 min, the dynamic extraction volume 5 mL and methanol were used as modifier. CONCLUSION: SFE is rapid, convenient and accurate, and can be used to extract athraquinone aglycones from Rhubarb. | eng_Latn | 27,614 |
medicinal composition for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer | An antibody or fragment thereof comprising a variable heavy chain region comprising CDRs 1 to 3 represented by SEQ ID NO: 39, 40 and 41 respectively and a variable light chain region comprising CDRs 1 3 represented by SEQ ID NO: 43, 44 and 45, respectively, and having an immunological reactivity with a protein of CAPRIN-1. | A new method for compositional estimation in bulk Hg1−xCdxTe (MCT) has been studied. The infrared (IR) transmission curves as a function of various compositions and thicknesses were simulated using the theoretical IR transmission model. From these results, a new equation for calculating the composition of bulk MCT was obtained. This equation is related to the wavenumber (Z12) of the 50% Tmax transmission point, where Tmax is the maximum transmission value. The new equation is as follows: x = 0.0675 + 9.907 × 10−5 + (−0.00818 + 5.29 × 10−7 × Z12) × ln(10/d), where d is the sample thickness in μm. The compositions can be calculated easily using the new equation with an accuracy of ±0.002 in the range of 0.17 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.3. The new method can be also applied successfully for samples with low transmission. | eng_Latn | 27,615 |
Highly regioselective addition of allylstannanes to vinyl epoxides by Lewis acid mediation. | In the presence of BF3·OEt2, reaction of allylstannanes with vinyl epoxides gives 1,2 or 1,4 addition products in good yield, depending on the substitution at the olefinic terminus. In either case regioselectivity is extremely high. The 1,2 adduct is applied to the elongation of a prenyl unit in polyprenyl compounds. | Abstract The use of europium chelates as labels in immunoassays and their sensitive quantitation based on time-resolved fluorescence is reviewed. The technique is applied on competitive solid-phase immunoassays for direct determination of progesterone and estradiol in serum samples. Both antigen- and antibody-labelled competitive assays are described. The nonisotopic label technology, which provides a very high specific activity, as well as the antibody-labelled competitive assays, present several advantages in the assay of haptens as e.g. steroids. As the optimal sensitivity of competititive methods is not limited by the specific activity of the label the steroid assays which employ europium chelates as labels do not show any marked increase in sensitivity as compared to that achieved by using 125 I. The otential sensitivity provided by the high specific activity of the label is optimally utilized in noncompetitive immunometric assays. | eng_Latn | 27,616 |
Acoustic Interferometer for Localized Rayleigh Wave Velocity Measurements | Two instrumentation systems for measurement of Rayleigh surface wave (RSW) velocity are described. The first system consists of a more conventional methodology using matched RF amplifiers and phase detector/mixer circuits. In the second system, a lock‐in amplifier, operating at high frequency, replaces the matched RF amplifiers and phase detector/mixer circuit, therefore simplifying the instrumentation. Both systems have been used to measure relative Rayleigh wave velocity using a cylindrically focused acoustic transducer consisting of three elements. A high‐precision relative velocity measurement of Rayleigh surface waves is performed by exciting the central element and one of the outer elements with a tone burst signal and measuring the phase difference between the two received signals. | Artificial sweeteners are widely used in food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries all over the world. In this study some non-nutritive sweeteners such as aspartame, acesulfame-K, sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin were simultaneously determined in ternary mixtures using FT-IR and EI-MS measurements. FT-IR method is based on direct measurements of the peak height values and area centered on 1736 cm−1, 836 cm−1, 2854 cm−1 and 1050 cm−1 for aspartame, acesulfame-K, sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin, respectively. Mass spectrometry determinations show the characteristic peaks at m/z 91 and 262 for aspartame,m/z 43 and 163 acesulfame-K,m/z 83 and 97 for sodium cyclamate andm/z 104 and 183 for sodium saccharin. The results obtained by EI-MS in different formulations are in agreement with the FT-IR ones and provide also essential data concerning the purity grade of the components. It is concluded that FT-IR and EI-MS procedures developed in this work represent a fast, sensitive and low cost alternativ... | eng_Latn | 27,617 |
Saturation of light – current characteristics of high-power lasers (λ = 1.0 – 1.1 mm) in pulsed regime | Semiconductor lasers based on MOVPE-grown asymmetric separate-confinement heterostructures with a broadened waveguide and emitting in the wavelength range 1.0 – 1.1 μm are studied. It is found that the intensity of spontaneous emission from the active region increases with increasing pump current above the lasing threshold and that this is caused by a growth in the concentration of charge carriers in the active region due to the modal gain enhancement needed to compensate for the growing internal optical loss at high pulsed pump currents. It is shown that the increase in the internal optical loss with increasing pulsed pump current is one of the main reasons for saturation of the light – current characteristics of high-power semiconductor lasers. | AIM ::: To develop a simple, accurate, rapid and precise UV spectrophotometric method for the estimation of atenolol in combination with losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide. ::: ::: ::: MATERIALS AND METHODS ::: The method employs formation and solving simultaneous equation using 251.60 nm and 224.20 nm for losartan potassium and atenolol, 224.20 and 271.60 for atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide as two analytical wavelengths, using methanol water as a solvent. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS AND CONCLUSION ::: The linearity was observed in the concentration range of 5-30 µg/ml (r=0.9991) for losratan pottassium, 2 - 12 µg/ml (r = 0.9995) for atenolol and 2 - 14 µg/ml (r = 0.9993) for hydrochlorothiazide. The results of the method were validated statistically and by recovery studies. | eng_Latn | 27,618 |
Dehydrogenase-silica as a stationary phase for the separation of alcohols and ketones | Abstract Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase was immobilized on tresyl-activated silica particles and slurry packed into a PTFE-coated stainless-steel column. The stationary phase enzyme column was used for the high-performance chromatographic separation of alcohols and ketones. Baseline resolution of the secondary alcohols terbutaline and bambuterol and their respective ketones was obtained. In addition, discrimination of closely related isomers, including the positional isomers of ethylphenethyl alcohol and the optical isomers of 1-phenyl-1-butanol, was achieved. | The establishment of reliable serological methods for cysticercosis in pigs is important for the surveillance, control and prevention of taeniosis/cysticercosis in humans as well as in pigs to prevent economic loss. Both ELISA and immunoblot using glycoproteins (GPs) purified by a single step of preparative iso-electric focusing, which are highly useful for human cysticercosis, have been applied for a serological study in pigs naturally infected with Taenia solium . All sera from pigs showed similar responses to those in human cysticercosis. Therefore, it is expected that both ELISA and immunoblots using GPs would be useful in differentiating infected pigs from uninfected ones. | eng_Latn | 27,619 |
Absolute Configuration and Body Part Distribution of the Alkaloid 6-epi-Monanchorin from the Marine Polychaete Chaetopterus variopedatus | As a result of the first study on secondary metabolites from the cosmopolitan bioluminescent marine tube polychaete Chaetopterus variopedatus, a new bicyclic guanidine alkaloid, 6-epi-monanchorin (1), along with the previously known monanchorin (2) were isolated. The structure of 1 was elucidated by... | The property of biological degradation is used as the primary evaluation index in this article. By designing the radio of the monomer, the experiment tests the CODCr/BOD5 value of seven kinds of sizes, which are of different monomer ratios. The calibration experiment is the COD value of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) standard solution and the BOD value of Glucose and sodium glutamate salt standard solution. By using the optimum ratio of monomer, we synthesized the new acrylic sizing agent, which has a good biodegradation performance and can be biochemical. | eng_Latn | 27,620 |
Cholesterol complexes with some proton acceptors in benzene and toluene solutions | AbstractCholesterol complexes with tri-n-butyl phosphate, tri-n-octylamine, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and cyclohexanone in benzene and toluene solutions were studied using conventional IR spectroscopy. The spectra were recorded in the region of fundamental OH stretching (3,700-3,100 cm −1 ) at 298 K. The experimental spectra were resolved into bands corresponding to the cholesterol monomer and particular oligomeric and complex species. The formation constants of complexes were determined from the-least squares plots of the linearized expressions of Bjerrum’s formation function. The stoichiometry of complexes was also identified in this way. The identification of the particular resolved bands was performed from their location, and from the dependence of their intensity on the cholesterol monomer and free base concentration.Graphical Abstract[IMAGE] | Abstract The use of europium chelates as labels in immunoassays and their sensitive quantitation based on time-resolved fluorescence is reviewed. The technique is applied on competitive solid-phase immunoassays for direct determination of progesterone and estradiol in serum samples. Both antigen- and antibody-labelled competitive assays are described. The nonisotopic label technology, which provides a very high specific activity, as well as the antibody-labelled competitive assays, present several advantages in the assay of haptens as e.g. steroids. As the optimal sensitivity of competititive methods is not limited by the specific activity of the label the steroid assays which employ europium chelates as labels do not show any marked increase in sensitivity as compared to that achieved by using 125 I. The otential sensitivity provided by the high specific activity of the label is optimally utilized in noncompetitive immunometric assays. | eng_Latn | 27,621 |
Spinal and cortical evoked potential studies in the ketamine-anesthetized rabbit: fentanyl exerts component-specific, naloxone-reversible changes dependent on stimulus intensity. | This study examined the changes in spinal and cortical evoked potentials (EPs) produced by fentanyl in the rabbit. The reversibility of these effects by naloxone and the effects of varying stimulus intensity also were examined. Eleven ketamine-anesthetized rabbits underwent analysis of spinal and cortical EPs produced by posterior tibial nerve electrical stimulation. Progressive fentanyl doses up to 100 μg/kg total were given intravenously. Stimulus intensities of two to eight times the motor threshold (MT) were used. The lowest stimulus (2×MT) was insufficient to activate Aδ fibers whereas the highest (8×MT) produced consistent Aδ activation | Abstract The Intalox metal tower packing was used to simulate an industrial relevant extractive distillation column for purifying azeotropic multicomponent mixture. In order to explain the inconsistencies in the modeling of transfer process in nonideal multicomponent distillation column, a method was developed with equilibrium stage models (EQ) and non-equilibrium model (NEQ) incorporated with Maxwell-Stefan diffusion equations in the framework of AspenONE (r) simulator. Dortmund Modified UNIFAC (UNIFAC-DMD) thermodynamic model was employed to estimate activity coefficients. In addition, to understand the reason for the diffusion against driving force and the different results by EQ and NEQ models, explicit investigations were made on diffusion coefficients, component Murphree efficiency and mass transfer coefficients. The results provide valuable information for basic design and applications associated with extractive distillation. | eng_Latn | 27,622 |
Expression of capacitation-dependent changes in chlortetracycline fluorescence patterns in mouse spermatozoa requires a suitable glycolysable substrate | Chlortetracycline fluorescence patterns were assessed in epididymal mouse sperm suspensions capacitated in exogenous substrate-containing and substrate-free media. | Abstract The feasibility of making analytical atomic spectrometry measurements by inductively coupled plasma-Fourier transform spectrometry (ICP-FTS) is demonstrated. Analytical working curves and detection limits are presented for Al, Ni, Fe and Ca. The effects of sample matrix composition on detection limits for analytical ICP-FTS are investigated. It is shown that a multiplex disadvantage may occur in the case of a spectral bandpass encompassing stroog emission lines of a matrix element. A “worse case” example of this problem is presented. Possible approaches to overcoming the multiplex disadvantage in analytical ICP-FTS and some ideal criteria for ICP-FTS instrumentation are presented. | eng_Latn | 27,623 |
On the safety of 5-[125I]iodo-2′-deoxyuridine. Preclinical evaluation in swine | To increase tumor incorporation and minimize hepatic degradation of radio-IUdR, compartmental administration routes are being considered as an alternative to intravenous (i. v.) injections. Although there are significant data on the biodistribution and some reports on radiotoxicity of i. v.-administered 125IUdR, similar results for other routes of delivery are not available. We have undertaken a series of experiments intended to examine radiation effects of 125IUdR after intravesical (3 swine; eight 3 mCi doses at 4-day intervals), intracarotid (3 swine; two 10 mCi doses at 2-week intervals), and intra-aortic (5 swine, single dose of 10 mCi) administration in a swine model. Liver, renal functions, and complete blood counts were monitored throughout the duration of the experiment. Pharmacokinetics, systemic distribution of radioactivity and metabolites were measured. The normal tissue 125IUdR uptake and histology were determined after necropsy. No adverse systemic effects were identified. Clinical observat... | Abstract Two methods for calculating activity coefficients of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and its blends with pure alcohols (C1–C5), namely, UNIFAC-continuous and UNIFAC-Dortmund-continuous, are presented. ULSD was modeled as a continuous blend of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics. The molar distribution in each family was expressed as a function of carbon number using the gamma distribution function. The parameters of the distribution function can be easily fitted from experimental distillation data of ULSD and extrapolated to n-alcohol/ULSD blends. The activity coefficients obtained were used to model the ASTM D86 distillation curves. UNIFAC-Dortmund-continuous exhibited the best fitting to the experimental results. Based on that, three new correlations for calculating the boiling point, vapor pressure and structural groups of complex ULSD are proposed here. | eng_Latn | 27,624 |
İleri Yaş İnfertil Kadinlarda KOS/IUI Ile IVF Tedavilerinin Sonuçlarinin Karşilaştirilmasi Comparison of Outcomes of KOH/IUI and IVF Treatment in Advanced Age Infertile Women ZKTB | Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the outcomes of patients > 38 years of age who underwent COH/IUI and those who underwent IVF treatment. Material and Method: 113 patients who meet the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. Of the 113 patients; 42 patients who underwent KOH/IUI and 71 patients who underwent IVF treatment. The biochemical, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates were compared between two groups. Results: There were significant differences in terms of biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates between two groups and those were higher in IVF treatment (p1=0.033, p2=0.031). Ongoing pregnancy rate was higher in IVF treatment group but there was no significant difference between two groups (p=0.084). Conclusion: IVF treatment may be first line treatment option in advanced age women because of the higher success rates of IVF treatment than COH/IUI treatment. | Using the iodine-iodide leaching system,the effects of different iodides(ammonium iodide,potassium iodide, hydrogen iodide)on gold concentrates leaching process were discussed from the influence factors,such as initial iodine content,iodine and iodide ratio and solution pH value.The results show that,when ammonium iodide or potassium iodide is used as complex agent,under the conditions of initial iodine content of 1%,iodine and iodide molar ratio of 1:8, pH value of 7,liquid-solid ratio of 4:1,stirring speed of 600 r/min,leaching time of 4 h and temperature of 25 ℃,the gold leaching rates are around 90%;whereas the gold leaching effect is poorer when hydrogen iodide(aqueous solution is hydroiodic acid) is used as complex agent,and the gold leaching rate is only 75%.Considering the difference of leaching effect and availability of industry and so on,potassium iodide is the suitable complex reagent of gold concentrate leaching in iodine-iodide solution. | tur_Latn | 27,625 |
Short-step synthesis of 5-thio-L-hexopyranoses from D-glyconothio-O-lactones | We developed a synthetic method for 5-thio-L-hexopyranose from D-glyconothio-O-lactone using the initial ring-opening reaction and subsequent recyclization under Mitsunobu conditions. Using this method, only a three-step transformation is required from D-glyconothio-O-lactone to 5-thio-L-glyconolactone. | SummaryThe metabolism of betahistine, demethylbetahistine and 2-(2-hydroxy-ethyl) pyridine in the rabbit leads to the urinary excretion of acidic metabolities, including 2-pyridylacetate, which is excreted in part as N-2-pyridylacetylglycine. Other unidentified Koenig-positive compounds were in the acidic fraction. | eng_Latn | 27,626 |
Dehydroepiandrosterone Antagonizes the Suppressive Effects of Dexamethasone on Lymphocyte Proliferation | Administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) appears to have physiological effects opposing those of glucocorticoids in several animal models. Recently, immunomodulatory effects of treatment with DHEA have been described. This paper reports the effects of DHEA treatment on splenocyte blastogenic responses as well as thymic and spleen weights in C3H/HeN mice. Pretreatment of mice with sc DHEA (60 mg/kg-day) for 3 days in vivo antagonized the profound suppression of in vitro blastogenic responses seen in T- and Blymphocytes after a single injection of dexamethasone (DEX; 60 mg/kg).Pretreatment with DHEA also significantly reduced dexamethasone-induced thymic and splenic atrophy. Splenic lymphocytes from DHEA-treated mice were markedly more resistant to in vitro suppression of blastogenesis by DEX at 10−6-10−8 M compared to lymphocytes from control mice. However, DHEA added to lymphocyte cultures in vitro over a concentration range from 10−7-10−8 M failed to protect against suppression of mitogenic respon... | An organic delta layer system made of alternating Langmuir−Blodgett multilayers of barium arachidate (AA) and barium dimyristoyl phosphatidate (DMPA) was constructed to elucidate the factors that control depth resolution in molecular depth profile experiments. More specifically, one or several bilayers of DMPA (4.4 nm) were embedded in relatively thick (51 to 105 nm) multilayer stacks of AA, resulting in a well-defined delta layer model system closely resembling a biological membrane. 3-D imaging time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) depth profile analysis was performed on this system using a focused buckminsterfullerene (C60) cluster ion beam. The delta layer depth response function measured in these experiments exhibits similar features as those determined in inorganic depth profiling, namely an asymmetric shape with quasi-exponential leading and trailing edges and a central Gaussian peak. The effects of sample temperature, primary ion kinetic energy, and incident angle on the depth ... | eng_Latn | 27,627 |
Competitive ionic hydration involving outer-shell solvent: temperature dependence | Retardation of proton dissociation from the excited state of 1-naphthol by added LiCl, MgCl 2 , and CaCl 2 in aqueous solutions is studied as a function of salt concentration and temperature. The observed «salt effects» cannot be satisfactorily explained by using the bulk properties of electrolytic solutions such as water activity. It is found that near room temperature the proton dissociation is strongly affected by an intermediate hydration region of an ion, which couples the «primary solvation shell» to the bulk region of the solvent | This paper deals with the study on the extracting conditions of flavonoid from tea.Response surface methodology was used to obtain the optimum extracting conditions by Design-Expert 6.0.The research findings show that the optimum extracting conditions were as follows:extracting 60 min,water temperature 80℃,60%alcohol,10 times volumes. | eng_Latn | 27,628 |
Adenosine isolated from Grifola gargal promotes glucose uptake via PI3K and AMPK signalling pathways in skeletal muscle cells | Abstract Grifola gargal, an edible mushroom originating in southern Argentina and Chile, is known to have such beneficial health effects as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. A low molecular weight fraction from Grifola gargal (GLF) decreased fasting blood glucose levels in high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice. This implicated Grifola gargal as a functional food to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To address the unknown underlying molecular mechanisms, we investigated, using L6 myotubes, whether GLF promoted GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane and its related signalling pathways. In addition, adenosine was isolated and identified the active compound in GLF to increase glucose uptake and promote GLUT4 translocation in L6 myotubes. Adenosine activated PI3K/Akt signalling and phosphorylation of AMPK, by binding to the adenosine receptor A1. Thus, Grifola gargal is a promising functional food to prevent post-prandial hyperglycaemia and T2DM by promoting glucose uptake in muscle. | The experiment was conducted to optimize the conditions of A-PAGE for isolating salt soluble proteins of foxtail millet.10 foxtail millet varieties were used for A-PAGE.A number of A-PAGE electropherograms were obtained at different levels of dosage of catalyst,gel concentrations,cross-linkages,injecting volumes,pH of gel buffer,and the use of inspissate gel.The optimal conditions for A-PAGE were raised after deliberate investigation.Detailed criteria were as following: dosage of 3% H2O2 1 μl/ml gel,gel concentration 13%,cross-linkages 4%,pH of gel buffer 3.7,and the injecting volumes between 20 and 30 μl.Furthermore,the use of inspissate gel enhanced the resolution of gel electropherograms. | eng_Latn | 27,629 |
Arsenic concentration in hair as an indicator of exposure | Elevated concentrations of the extremely toxic arsenic in ground water occur in many parts of the world with largest population being exposed in the entire Bengal delta. Exposure to arsenic can occur through food, water, and air. One of the biological indicators of exposure to arsenic is its accumulation in hair. The arsenic concentrations in hair in this study indicate that the exposure decreased in the following order: West Bengal (India) > Thailand > Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) > Denmark > Malaysia (Rural); however only in India, Thailand and Kuala Lumpur there is an indication of chronic arsenic exposure. | OBJECTIVE ::: To establish a new method to discriminate Aaron's beard by Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: Attenuation Reflection-Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry with clustering analysis was used to the identification of Aaron's beard. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: There were obvious differences in Aaron's beard. The results are consistent with that of morphologic study. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: This method is rapid, simple and economical, and can be used to the quality control. | eng_Latn | 27,630 |
Polarographic behavior of uranium(VI) in malonic acid media determination of uranium in plutonium | Abstract The polarographic behavior of the uranium-malonate complex was investigated over the pH range 1.1–6.5. A reversible, one-electron wave was obtained. Below pH 4.9, the rate of disproportionation is nearly instantaneous and gives rise to a pseudo uranium(VI)-uranium(IV) reduction. Above pH 4.8 the concentration of uranium(V) is stable with respect to disproportionation. The half-wave potential is pH-dependent below pH 4.9, but it is independent of the malonate concentration above O.1 M . The diffusion current constant is 2.78 for the conditions described. A procedure for the determination of uranium in plutonium was developed for uranium concentrations greater than 225 p.p.m. Of 21 common impurities found in plutonium metal, only Cu, Fe, Pb, Sb and Ti cause significant interference ; titanium can be removed by ion exchange, and the other interferences by mercury cathode electrolysis. | Objective: The presence of exogenous DNA in commercially available polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reagent preparations is a serious problem when amplifying conserved regions of bacteria. The preferred and currently in-use method of decontamination using 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and UVA requires re-standardization of decontamination with increasing concentrations of 8-MOP and UVA irradiation timings, if the DNA load of reagents is high due to lot-to-lot differences. The objective of this study was to develop a decontamination method, which would (i) work at the minimum reported concentration of 8-MOP and UVA irridation timings; and (ii) take care of inter-batch DNA-load variability of reagents. | eng_Latn | 27,631 |
A NEW PROCESS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF PENICILLIN G FROM THE FILTRATE OF FERMENTATION BROTH WITH TBP IN BUTYL ACETATE | l正g The mixture of neutral phosphorus esters and butyl acetate (BA) can be used, as the extractant for the extraction of penicillin G. The extraction equilibrium pH can be increased to pH3m4 due to the stronger extraction capability of the solvent mixture, instead of pH1.8m2.2 with butyl acetate as solvent. The experimental results indicate that the total recovery of penicillin G can reach 96.6% with the new extraction process, which is 5m6% higher than that obtained with the traditional process using BA as solvent at pH1.8m2.2. | Objective To investigate the expression of transcription factor Spl in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder(BTCC) and analyze its clinical significance.Methods By using immunohistochemical PV-6000 method to study the expression level of Spl in 63 cases of BTCC,21 cases of papilloma of bladder and 13 cases normal mucosa of bladder specimen.Results The positive rate of Spl protein in BTCC(68.3%) was significantly higher than that in bladder papilloma(23.8%) and normal bladder mucosa(7.7%).It had showed that the positive expression of Spl in BTCC was closely related with the pathological grading and TNM stages.Conclusions Transcription factor Spl may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of BTCC.The detection of Spl protein has a definite value in juding the prognosis of BTCC. | yue_Hant | 27,632 |
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of phenol, 4-nitrophenol, beta-naphthol and a number of their glucuronide and sulphate conjugates in organ perfusate. | This paper describes a simple and more sensitive reversed-phase HPLC method for the quantification of phenol, 4-nitrophenol and beta-naphthol and some of their glucuronide and sulphate conjugates in aqueous solution and liver perfusate buffer. Methanol-water mobile phases with ion-pairing agents for each phenolic group are detailed. The assay showed good recovery, accuracy and precision and is suitable for the quantification of these phenolic compounds in liver perfusion experiments. | AbstractThe dissolution of refractory PuO2 in HNO3-HF-H2O dissolvents was studied. Results showed that increasing either the HNO3 or the HF concentration increases the dissolution rate, and that formation of a Pu(IV) fluoride complex decreases the rate. It was also found that oxidation of dissolved Pu(IV) helps maintain the presence of a fluoride ion as a catalyst and is thus highly beneficial to PuO2 dissolution. | eng_Latn | 27,633 |
Displacement sensor based on polarization mixture of orthogonal polarized He-Ne laser at 1.15 \mu m | Displacement sensor based on the polarization mixture and the cavity tuning ::: of the orthogonal polarized He-Ne laser 1.15 μm is presented. The power tuning ::: curves of He-Ne laser are irregular, and it is difficult to measure the change in ::: cavity length. The distortion of the curves is caused by the higher relative ::: excitation compared with the He-Ne laser at 633 nm. In view of its potential for the ::: wider displacement measuring range, a new method of displacement sensing is ::: developed. Experiments show that displacement measuring stability based on the ::: method of the polarization mixture is better than that of the power tuning curves. ::: The displacement sensor achieves the measuring range of 100 mm, resolution of 144 ::: nm, and linearity of 7 × 10-6. | AIM ::: To develop a simple, accurate, rapid and precise UV spectrophotometric method for the estimation of atenolol in combination with losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide. ::: ::: ::: MATERIALS AND METHODS ::: The method employs formation and solving simultaneous equation using 251.60 nm and 224.20 nm for losartan potassium and atenolol, 224.20 and 271.60 for atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide as two analytical wavelengths, using methanol water as a solvent. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS AND CONCLUSION ::: The linearity was observed in the concentration range of 5-30 µg/ml (r=0.9991) for losratan pottassium, 2 - 12 µg/ml (r = 0.9995) for atenolol and 2 - 14 µg/ml (r = 0.9993) for hydrochlorothiazide. The results of the method were validated statistically and by recovery studies. | eng_Latn | 27,634 |
Research Progress on Test Methods of Quinoline Insoluble Content of Coal Tar and Pitch | The standards for testing quinoline insoluble(QI) content were developed by ISO,ASTM,our national and export standard departments.The differences and the gaps of the above standards were studied and analyzed in this article,and the research situation of the method of quinoline insoluble was discussed as well.Finaly,the opinions and suggestions of our national standard to integrate with the international standards were put forward. | Abstract The chemical carcinogens 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) and 4-hydroxylaminoquinoline 1-oxide (4-HAQO) can induce single-strand breaks in the DNA of cultured Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. In cells incubated after treatment with these carcinogens most of the DNA fragments can be rejoined. This rejoining process may be related to the malignant transformation of normal cells by treatment in vitro with carcinogenic compounds. | eng_Latn | 27,635 |
Titration of metal oxinates in ethylenediamine with potassium methoxide | Abstract Several metal oxinates can be titrated with potassium methoride in ethylenediamine solution, using conductometric end-point detection. The reliability of the method has been established using aluminium oxinate samples representing about 2–13 mg of aluminium. Errors are generally under 1%. Evidence is presented for a simple interpretation of the behaviour of the oxinates as weak acids in ethylenediamine solution. | Abstract A method is described for the detection of trypanosomaemia in mice using the samples of about 55 μl of blood which can be readily obtained from mice by puncture of the retro-orbital plexus with heparinized glass microhaematocrit tubes. The samples, mixed with an appropriate diluent, are passed through small (2 ml) anion-exchanger columns by means of peristaltic pumps and the eluates collected in tubes which can be centrifuged so as to concentrate any organisms in the terminal part of the tube, of calibre about 200 μm, for microscopical examination. Evidence is presented to show that the method is more sensitive than other methods in use. It is also quick, requiring only some five minutes per mouse examined. | eng_Latn | 27,636 |
Transabdominal fine-needle aspiration biopsy : a colour atlas and monograph | Introduction Procedures and Techniques Approaches to the Interpretation of Transabdominal Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy The Liver The Pancreas Mass Lesions of the Kidney Primary Lesions of the Adrenal Gland Primary Retroperitoneal Mass Lesions Gynecologic Tumors Intraperitoneal Masses Malignant Lymphomas Immunomarkers for Transabdominal Aspiration Biopsy. | Soluble starch as raw materials and Span60 and Tween 60 as complex emulsifier, N,N'-methylene-acrylamide (MBAA) crosslinker, in the inverse suspension system to trigger K2S2O8 -NaHSO3 Synthesis ofneutral starch microspheres, and then ether agent GTA starch microspheres and neutral response system in the cationic starch microspheres. And use of infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analyzer on the cationic starch microspheres were characterized analysis. The results showed that: starch- cation of the ball the whole round shape, surface roughness, the average size of 20.2 μm. Infrared tests showed that: starch and MBAA in cross -linking reaction, and grafted a quaternary ammonium salt cation group. To methylene blue for small organic molecules model to study the microspheres on methylene blue adsorption characteristics, cation starch microspheres methylene blue on the adsorption of the equation and Langmiur Freundlich equation. | eng_Latn | 27,637 |
A highly selective colorimetric chemosensor for cobalt(II) ions based on a tripodal amide ligand. | A tripodal amide based ligand, tris-{(2-carbamoyl-5-carbomethoxy-pyridine)-2-ethyl}amine (H3L, 1), was synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Investigation of the cation recognition behavior showed that the ligand has selective colorimetric sensing properties for cobalt(II) ions by an obvious color change from colorless to yellow. To investigate the sensing mechanism of H3L for Co(2+) ions, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and single-crystal structural analysis were performed. The mixture of the ligand and cobalt(II) ions displayed selective colorimetric sensing properties for weak acid anions, such as CO3(2-), Ac(-), HCO3(-), SO3(2-), and PO4(3-). Detailed (1)H NMR experiments revealed that the basicity of the anions played an important role in the intensity of the interaction between the ligand and anions. The structures of compounds CoL (2), Co-Ac-HL (3), H4L-NO3 (4), and H4L-ClO4 (5) were also determined by single crystal diffraction studies. | Up to 7% of pesticide products in the European market are illegal, counterfeit or of poor quality. As a result, regulatory authorities are required to determine a wide variety of impurities in many different pesticide formulations. A simple, rapid and exceptionally reliable LC-MS-MS method for the determination of carbendazim residual quantities in sulphur formulations, used in organic agriculture, has been developed and validated. Linearity of response was established (R (2) = 0.9997) over a wide range of concentrations (0.01-2 microg/mL). Recovery ranged from 94% to 101%. LOD and LOQ were 0.003 microg/mL and 0.005 microg/mL, respectively, and lack of interference was confirmed. | eng_Latn | 27,638 |
Amines in fresh beef of normal pH and the role of bacteria in changes in concentration observed during storage in vacuum packs at chill temperatures. | The amine content of fresh and vacuum-packaged beef of normal pH stored at 1 degree C was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography of dansyl derivatives. Fresh samples contained five amines, viz. putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, spermine and spermidine. Development of a natural spoilage flora during storage led to increases in concentration of putrescine and cadaverine and the production of a sixth amine, tyramine. Pure culture meat inoculation experiments showed tyramine formation to be restricted to lactobacilli and to strains of Lactobacillus divergens and Lact. carnis in particular; strains of leuconostocs, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp. and Brochothrix thermosphacta were negative. Production of tyramine at cell densities less than log10 6/cm2 indicated its potential as an objective measure of acceptability/spoilage. | Two batches of synthetic human calcitonin batch A = delivered until 1976, and batch B = distributed since 1977 from Ciba-Geigy, have been tested and compared biologically and radioimmunologically. In the biossay B is almost twice as active as A when compared ampoule content and exerts a biological activity of 188 IU per mg pure hCT. In the radioimmunoassay there is no difference from each other in radioiodination and purification, but using them as standard and again comparing them on declared ampoule content, B contains twice as much immunological activity as A. For those, who are using hCT for analytic or biological purposes it is of importance to consider the increased hormone content of batch B with a twofold biological and immunological activity, in comparison to the preparations delivered before 1977. | eng_Latn | 27,639 |
[Effect of time of administration of bis-A-TDA on its teratogenic actions in pregnant Wistar rats] | This experiment was conducted with virgin wistar female rats. The body weight of the female rats was 195～339 g, that of the males was 285～373 g. The males and females were allowed to mate over-night at a ratio of 3:1. Then the pregnant rats were divided into groups (see table 1 and 2). Bis-A-TDA was given orally on various days.The rats were killed on day-20 of gestation so as to count the number of corpora lutea, implantation sites and live fetuses. The living fetuses were removed, weighed, inspected for gross abnormalities and sexes; the internaland skeletal malformations Of live fetuses were examined by Wilson's method.The following results wereobtained:1. If one dose is given, the most suitable time is to give the drug on the 9 th,10th or 11th day of gestation;2. Continued treatment is appropriate from the 9 th to the 12 th day of gestation;3. The drug may be given for 6～15 days if necessary during whole period of gestation. | A versatile radioimmunoassay procedure has been developed to specifically assay gentamicin, tobramycin, or amikacin. Iodinated derivatives of these three antibiotics were prepared by a modified Bolton and Hunter procedure. A single reagent system composed of a pool of three very specific antisera was used in the procedure. The antisera combination did not alter the specificity of the procedure. Validation of the assay of the three antibiotics included studies of parallelism, accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and method comparison with other radioimmunoassay procedures involving single antiserum systems. We discuss the application of this multiple assay capability to other procedures involving use of immunochemicals. | eng_Latn | 27,640 |
Squamous cell carcinoma antigen, tumor associated trypsin inhibitor and tissue polypeptide specific antigen in follow up of stage III cervical cancer. | 189 clinical and serological examinations were performed in 30 patients before treatment and during follow up of squamous cell cervical cancer stage FIGO III. The serum levels of the tumor markers squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), tumor associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) and tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) were determined. Sensitivity/specificity for SCC was 63%/91%, TATI 54%/74%, TPS 59%/86% and for a combination of SCC and TPS 81%/77%. In 14 women with recurrence of disease SCC showed lead time effects in seven patients in a time range from three to nine months. SCC was pre-therapeutically elevated in nine cases and showed lead time in five of them. Pretherapeutic TPS serum levels were elevated in seven cases. In all of them lead time effects appeared ranging from three to nine months. TPS never showed lead time effects in patients without elevated pretherapeutic levels. A combination of SCC and TPS in our material provided lead time in 10 of 14 cases. | The toxic solution used at the Tokyo Subway Sarin Incident was purified by vacuum distillation. We were thus able to obtain sarin with high purity. We conducted a quantitative analysis of sarin using 31P-NMR spectrometry. High-purity sarin was examined by trimethyl phosphate as an internal standard. In comparison with 1H nondecoupling, the relative intensity between sarin and the internal standard did not change in 1H decoupling. Trimethyl phosphate is a good internal standard substance. A 31P-NMR chemical shift of trimethyl phosphate is separate from those of sarin and related compounds. Trimethyl phosphate has one phosphorus atom in the molecule, as does sarin. Since it is advantageous in the conversion of quantitative value, the molecular weight of trimethyl phosphate (m.w. 140.08) is close to that of sarin (m.w. 140.09). By using trimethyl phosphate as an internal standard, it is possible to conduct a quantitative analysis of sarin through 1H decoupled 31P-NMR spectrometry. | eng_Latn | 27,641 |
Is there such thing as "reversible dementia" (RD)? | RD is an extremely important problem for the practice of geriatricians. Rationale for this review had come from our question: could we increase and improve the cognitive function of our patients by treating some of "internal medicine" diseases at our hospital. Our clinical experience is telling us that it might be so. We administered the mini mental state examination (MMSE) test on 77 patients to check, if there is a relation between mental state and physical health. Patients were treated with appropriate cardiological, pulmonological and other needed therapies. Results indicate that recovering from the main disease increases the MMSE scores. This leads to the conclusion that successful treatment of patients can be followed and also confirmed by the results of the MMSE test. We have also observed that damaged physical health can inflict cognitive functions, no matter how old a person is. | Object In order to identify the resources of official and unofficial plants in Rheum L.at molecular level, a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed. Methods The amplification program of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was optimized. Arbitrary decamer primers of 121 based on the individual selecting method, and 64 based on the BSA method were screened. Results Four primers among all screened primers were found to be useful to amplify specific strips to the official plants of Rheum L. Conclusion This method is reliable, accurate, quick and reproducible for authenticating the official and unofficial plants of Rheum L. at molecular level. Moreover, the experiment results indicate that it is more effective to screen the primers using BSA method than using individual selecting method. | eng_Latn | 27,642 |
Investigation on Preparation and Decolorization for Dye Waste Water of Activated Carbon from Sludge | Activated carbon from sludge was made of surplus sludge by chemical activation method.The absorption capacity of acid scarlet GR and reactive red-violet X-2R,two different kinds of dye wastewater,was comparatively investigated and a further research was also made on the law for the adsorption to acid scarlet GR by activated carbon from sludge.The results showed that the value of iodine of the activated carbon from sludge was 633.95 mg/g,the BET surface area was 293.1667 m2/g and the total pore volume was 0.0678 m3/g.When the dosage of activated carbon from sludge was 5g/L and 6g/L respectively for the two different kinds of dye waste water with the concentration of 100 mg/L,the decolorization rate could reach 99.89% and 94.81% respectively.The adsorption of activated carbon from sludge to acid scarlet GR waste water could be described better by Langmuir equation. | To the Editor: —In employing a new test for proteins in urine, advocated and described by Exton (The Journal, Feb. 24, 1923, p. 529), my attention was attracted, while adding a specimen of urine to an equal volume of the sulphosalicylic acid solution in a test tube, to the dense precipitate of albumin formed at the line of contact between the two liquids. The specimen and reagent were not intentionally layered—for one was poured, not pipetted, on the other—but, owing to the much greater specific gravity of the latter, coagulation of the protein, which was instantaneous, occurred before agitation and mixing could be effected. The albuminous ring thus produced seems to be identical with that of Heller's nitric acid test. In the original technic, thorough mixing of reagent and specimen is directed, and final reading of the reaction is based on the general appearance of the mixture, or its optical | eng_Latn | 27,643 |
Applications of Kinetic Polychromators to Fast Reaction Techniques | In kinetic spectrometry experiments of two types are normally considered: ::: ::: 1. ::: ::: Single wavelength kinetic photometry which describes the change of absorption at a narrow wavelength band in time. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 2. ::: ::: Time-resolved spectroscopy which records a complete spectrum over a defined wavelength range at one set time after the chemical reaction has been started. | Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics models were designed and integrated into the BioGears® physiology engine to address the need for real time drug effects for varying patients and injury profiles. Ten drugs were validated using experimental and subject matter expert data. The plasma concentration curves had a good fit with experimental data and 48 of 50 physiologic parameters displayed a less than 10% error compared to the validation data. | eng_Latn | 27,644 |
HPLC Analysis and Validation of 5-Fluorouracil and Its Metabolites in Rat Plasma | Abstract An isocratic, reverse phase HPLC method, for the simultaneous determination of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), 5-fluoro-5, 6-dihydrouracil (FuDH), and 5-fluorouridine (Furd), in rat plasma has been developed. The method utilizes a Spherisorb® column and a mobile phase composition of 100 μM phosphate buffer at pH 3.0. The extraction procedure from the plasma samples has been optimized to give maximum recovery of the analytes. The method has been validated as per USP guidelines in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision. The limit of quantitation for 5-Fu, FuDH, and Furd was found to be 0.2 μg/mL, 0.3 μg/mL and 0.8 μg/mL respectively. | Author contributions ::: ::: GH helped design the study, establish the animal model, collect and analyze samples, and write the manuscript. YY and DH helped establish the animal model, performed Western blotting, immunohistochemistry analyses. YY and DH also helped analyse data and revise the manuscript. QYW and JK contributed to study planning, analyse and interpret data, review and revise the manuscript. All authors have approved the final version of this article to be published and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring the questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work. ::: ::: ::: ::: Disclosure ::: ::: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. | eng_Latn | 27,645 |
Analysis of Cimetidine in Biological Fluids by High Performance Liquid Chromatography | Abstract The clean-up and analysis of cimetidine in human urine and blood is described. Samples were prepared by adsorption on Waters Sep-pak C-18 disposable pre-columns in basic solution followed by elution in 1 ml methanol. For blood samples, the eluate was concentrated under a stream of nitrogen; urine samples required no further concentration. The separation was performed on a reversed phase column using a mixture of methanol-1 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate in a 10 mM phosphate buffer of pH 3.0 (35:65) as mobile phase. Procaine was used as internal standard. Detection was by UV at 228 nm yielding a minimum detectable quantity of 20 ng with linearity over three decades of concentration. | Objective:HPLC fingerprints of Jianwei Xiaoshi tablets were established to provide an effective method of quality control for it.Method: XDB C18 column was used with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphate aqueous as the mobile phase by gradient elution;the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1,and the detection wavelength was at 220 nm.Fingerprint similarity evaluation software was used to determine common fingerprint peaks,calculate the similarity,and compared with 4 counterfeit Jianwei xiaoshi tablets on the market.Result: Under 13 Jianwei Xiaoshi tablets in Jiang's fingerprint,17 common peaks were identified,the similarity was greater than 0.97,and the similarity of fingerprint of counterfeit products was less than 0.90.Conclusion: HPLC fingerprint established has better precision and reproducibility,and can effectively characterize the quality of Jianwei Xiaoshi tablets and control the product quality. | eng_Latn | 27,646 |
Pectinmethylesterase modification to produce charge modified citrus pectin | Valencia orange pectinmethylesterase (PME) isozymes that are involved in de-stabilization of orange juice cloud, were partially purified and used to de-esterify commercial pectin. Based on SDS PAGE, the PME isozymes contained proteins at 36 kDa and 13 kDa or 36 kDa and 27 kDa. Control and PME-modified pectin that was de-esterified by less than 10%, were compared for molecular weight, charge, charge distribution and calcium sensitivity. Modified pectins were more heterogeneous based on elution from anion exchange chromatography and had a greater population of pectin that eluted at higher salt concentration. Only modified pectins were calcium sensitive. A negative ζ-potential value was observed for all pectins at pH values between 4.0 and 7.0, and modified pectins had a more negative ζ-potential value. Potentially, different PME isozyme activities will impact differently colloidal stability of juices and juice beverages that is dependent on total charge and charge distribution of pectins. | Introduction ::: The purpose of this study is to compare the tissue incorporation of a novel fenestrated and non-fenestrated crosslinked porcine dermal matrix (CPDM) (CollaMend™, Davol Inc., Warwick, RI) in a porcine model of ventral hernia repair. | eng_Latn | 27,647 |
Increased serum levels of anti-filarial (IgA) antibodies in patients with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia | Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia (TPE) is diagnosed on the basis of high peripheral ::: eosinophilia associated with clinical symptoms and signs. Elevated levels of total and antifilarial ::: immunoglobulins is one of the characteristic features of TPE. Ten clinically diagnosed ::: TPE patients and ten controls were compared for their anti-filarial and anti-ascaris antibody ::: levels of classes IgG, IgM and IgA. While, IgG antibodies exhibited considerable cross reactivity ::: between Ascaris and Filarial antigens, IgM antibodies showed nonspecific binding to filarial ::: antigens. However, IgA antibodies were found to discriminate between TPE and control sera ::: better than IgG and IgM antibodies. | The bioflocculant-producing bacterium(NII4) can produce bioflocculant by using piggery wastewater as low-cost medium.This paper starts from some impact factors such as carbon source,nitrogen source,phosphorus source and initial pH value,studies the composition of piggery wastewater as low-cost medium.It is showed that the piggery wastewater cannot be singly used as the proper medium of NII4 because of its imbalanced nutrient.Instead of glucose ferment medium,bioflocculants produced by piggery wastewater as low-cost medium could get a higher flocculation rate,which is around 90%.The composition of the piggery wastewater as low-cost medium is as follows: piggery wastewater 60%,glucose 20 g/L,KH2PO4 0.2 g/L,K2HPO4 0.5 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g/L,NaCl 0.1 g/L,pH 7~8. | eng_Latn | 27,648 |
Ion Exchange Method for Determining Mephentermine Sulfate in Drug Formulations: Collaborative Study | Ion exchange chromatography is used to separate mephentermine sulfate from drug formulations. The drug is subsequently measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Assays on 4 commercial samples of tablets and injectables gave recoveries from 97.6 to 104% of declared. A collaborative study involving 2 tablet and 2 liquid formulations gave mean recoveries ranging from 94.7 to 99.3% and coefficients of variation from 1.39 to 2.00%. | Various (1E,3E)- and (1Z,3E)-conjugated methylthio derivatives of oxidosqualene (OS) and conjugated and non-conjugated phenylthio derivatives of OS were obtained. These compounds, designed as inhibitors of pig liver and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclases (OSC) (EC 5.4.99.7) and of Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius squalenehopene cyclase (SHC) (EC 5.4.99.-), contain the reactive function adjacent to carbons involved in the formation of the third and the fourth cycle during OS cyclization. All the new compounds are inhibitors of OSC and SHC, with various degrees of selectivity. The conjugated methylthio derivatives behaved as potent inhibitors of S. cerevisiae OSC, whereas most of the phenylthio derivatives were especially active toward SHC. | eng_Latn | 27,649 |
ENZYMATIC DEAMINATION OF ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE (AMP), ADENOSINE AND ADENINE BY SALMON, CRAB AND SCALLOP MUSCLE EXTRACTS | SUMMARY ::: ::: Crude extracts of pink and coho salmon fillets contain both adenosine aminohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.4.) and 5′-AMP-aminohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.6.1. Similar extracts from king and Tanner crab meat and from scallop adductor muscle contain adenosine aminohydrolase but not 5′-AMP-aminohydrolase. Adenine aminohydrolase activity was not detected in salmon, crab or scallops. These results suggest that the enzymatic deamination of 5′-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) will contribute to the 5′-inosine monophosphate (IMP) content of salmon fillets but will not contribute significantly to the IMP content of crab or scallop muscles. | The experiment was conducted to optimize the conditions of A-PAGE for isolating salt soluble proteins of foxtail millet.10 foxtail millet varieties were used for A-PAGE.A number of A-PAGE electropherograms were obtained at different levels of dosage of catalyst,gel concentrations,cross-linkages,injecting volumes,pH of gel buffer,and the use of inspissate gel.The optimal conditions for A-PAGE were raised after deliberate investigation.Detailed criteria were as following: dosage of 3% H2O2 1 μl/ml gel,gel concentration 13%,cross-linkages 4%,pH of gel buffer 3.7,and the injecting volumes between 20 and 30 μl.Furthermore,the use of inspissate gel enhanced the resolution of gel electropherograms. | yue_Hant | 27,650 |
Effect of alloxan on the adrenaline secretion of the adrenal gland in non-anesthetized dogs. | Sampling the adrenal vein blood in dogs without anesthetizing, fastening or evoking pain, the adrenaline secretion rate before and after alloxan was estimated. Blood sugar content was measured simultaneously. After alloxan the blood sugar content increased definitely. This initial hyperglycemia was followed by the hypoglycemia. The adrenaline secretion rate remained unaltered until an intense hypoglycemia took place. Therefore we can not accept the view of some authors that the initial alloxan hyperglycemia is due to the augmented adrenaline secretion from the adrenals. At the hypoglycemic phase a definite acceleration of the adrenaline secretion was observed. Its maximum values were measured as 0.14-0.17μg. per kg. per min. from the adrenal gland of one side. The expense of this investigation has been defrayed in part by a grant from the Ministry of Education. T. S. | Total syntheses of the dibenzocyclooctadiene natural productwuweizisu C in its (-)-form [( S)- 1] and its (+)-form [( R)- 1] wereachieved in 19 steps, starting from commercially available gallicacid. In the key step, the asymmetric biphenyl axis was constructedby an oxazoline-mediated Ullmann reaction to provide either the P or M biarylproduct in 68% yield and >99% de, depending onthe configuration of the oxazoline. The efficiency of this total synthesiswas excellent, as the syntheses of ( S)- 1 and ( R)- 1 from intermediate 7 each proceeded in 13 steps with an overallyield of 6.8%. ( S)- 1 and ( R)- 1 were evaluated as chemosensitizers formultidrug-resistant cancers. | eng_Latn | 27,651 |
Pharmacokinetics of etanidazole (SR-2508) in bladder and cervical cancer: evidence of diffusion from urine. | Following an IV infusion of 2.0 g/m2 of Etanidazole, the mean tumor concentration 40 min after injection was 126 micrograms/g in bladder cancer and 65 micrograms/g in cervical cancer. The tumor/plasma concentration ratio was 1.88 in bladder and 0.85 in cervical cancer. This high tumor concentration in bladder cancer could be accounted for by diffusion from a highly concentrated urine. This renders bladder cancer a suitable clinical model for testing this sensitizer. | Objective To explore the evaluation method for in vitro release of multi component in Gardenia Total Glycosides Sustained-release Tablets. Methods Rotating basket method was carried out to determine the release rate. HPLC method was employed to assess the release rate of gardenoside, genipingeniobioside, and geniposide, and UV method was used to determine the total glycosides. Results The release rates of gardenoside, genipingeniobioside, geniposide, and total glycosides were similar. Similarity factors were 81%, 72%, and 91%. The data of cumulative release rate fitted best with Higuchi model. The release of Gardenia Total Glycosides Sustained-release Tablets had a well-balanced release behavior. Conclusion Quality of multi-components in Gardenia Total Glycosides Sustained-release Tablets can be controlled effectively by the method. | eng_Latn | 27,652 |
Regional levels of choline and acetylcholine in rat brain following head focussed microwave sacrifice: Effect of (+)-amphetamine and (±)-parachloroamphetamine | The effect of (+)-amphetamine and (±)p-chloroamphetamine on the levels of choline and acetylcholine (ACh) in discrete regions of rat brain were studied. Animals were sacrificed by head focussed microwave irradiation which terminated all measurable enzymatic activity in brain within two seconds. Both p-chloroamphetamine and amphetamine induced short term ( 48 hr) increase in ACh levels in the striatum and cerebellum. It is suggested that the short-term change in ACh levels induced by p-chloroamphetamine and amphetamine are mediated via release of dopamine. while the long term changes in ACh levels caused by p-chloroamphetamine are related to serotonin and may indicate that serotonin is involved in the regulation of ACh turnover in the striatum. | Using the ADAPT and CHEMLAB-II systems for structure-activity analysis, computer-calculated electronic properties of molecules were used to derive structure-activity relationships for predicting the mutagenicity of a set of substituted acridines in strain TA1537 of the Ames Salmonella assay. A collection of 40 acridines, with a variety of substituents, was examined. A set of 4 electronic descriptors was found which could be used to correctly classify all but two of the compounds as mutagenic or nonmutagenic. A negative correlation was found between the sum of the Hammett aromatic substituent parameters and the level of mutagenicity of the structures, expressed as log(number of revertants/plate + 1) at a 20-micrograms dose. This correlation, however, was not high enough to allow precise estimation of the mutagenicity values. | eng_Latn | 27,653 |
The gas-chromatographic determination of toxic residues in adulterated Spanish olive oil | Contaminants of Spanish oil such as anilides and aniline, can be determined by gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector (ECD). After alkaline hydrolysis of anilides, the aniline is isolated by extraction with iso-octane in a Bleidner distillation/extraction head. The isolated aniline is brominated to the 2,4,6-tribromo-derivative. In two samples of adulterated oil 480 and 38.3 ppm of aniline were found. | A 67-year-old woman with chronic renal failure, in periodic hemodialysis, presented an hemolytic anemia in relation to splenic sequestration. Light Microscopic examination of the spleen revealed multiple granulomatous reaction. Numerous macrophages contained inclusions which were non-birefringent and non-staining with routine stains. Electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-Ray analysis were performed and revealed silicone. Its origin was silicone tubing of the hemodialysis equipment. Pathogenic effects of silicone are discussed. | eng_Latn | 27,654 |
Determination of the content of nifedipine in chilblain cream by RP-HPLC method | Objective: To establish a RP-HPLC method for determining the content of nifedipine in chilblain cream. Methods: The RP-HPLC separation was accomplished on Kromasil C18 column with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (70:30) by flow rate of 1 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 350 nm. Results: The linear correlation of nifedipine was observed within the range of 48. 0-72.0 μg/mL (r=0.9999). The recovery rates of high, middle and low concentrations of samples were (99.98±1.78)%, (100.19±0.49)% and (100.18±0.89)% (n=5) respectively. The relative standard deviation of in-tra-day for nifedipine concentration of 48. 0, 60. 0, 72.0 μg/mL were 0.91%,0.24% and 0. 70% (n=5), respectively; and those of inter-day were 0. 89% , 0.63% and 0.36% (n=5), respectively. Conclusion: This method is proved to be simple, rapid, accurate and suitable for the quality control of chilblain cream in hospital. | FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention concerns process of production of diisopropyl {[1-(hydroxymethyl)-cyclopropyl]oxy}methylphosphonate represented by the formula , which is the key intermediate compound in synthesis of antiviral nucleoside analogue. The invention also concerns new intermediate compounds of formulae and , and their production of compound (2) obtained under this invention, which is an antiviral nucleoside analogue (especially against hepatitis B virus) represented by the formula . EFFECT: high purity grade and high output. 4 ex | eng_Latn | 27,655 |
Alkali isomerization—Gas chromatography with the microreactor apparatus | A simple and rapid method of simultaneously conjugating polyunsaturation and forming methyl esters from triglyceride oils, other esters and fatty acids has been developed by using the microreactor apparatus (MRA). These reactions occur while a mixture of tetramethylammonium hydroxide and sample of fat is being injected into a gas chromatograph from the MRA reaction chamber. The speed of this microanalysis is limited only by peak elution and peak integration times. Analyses of soybean oil and six partially hydrogenated fats have been compared with those previously obtained by the alkali isomerization spectrometric method. The amount of conjugation that occurs during the reaction is a measure of the linoleic acid in the oil. This procedure should prove useful for rapid microscale analysis of conjugatable dienes in a variety of samples, including edible fat products. | Artificial sweeteners are widely used in food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries all over the world. In this study some non-nutritive sweeteners such as aspartame, acesulfame-K, sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin were simultaneously determined in ternary mixtures using FT-IR and EI-MS measurements. FT-IR method is based on direct measurements of the peak height values and area centered on 1736 cm−1, 836 cm−1, 2854 cm−1 and 1050 cm−1 for aspartame, acesulfame-K, sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin, respectively. Mass spectrometry determinations show the characteristic peaks at m/z 91 and 262 for aspartame,m/z 43 and 163 acesulfame-K,m/z 83 and 97 for sodium cyclamate andm/z 104 and 183 for sodium saccharin. The results obtained by EI-MS in different formulations are in agreement with the FT-IR ones and provide also essential data concerning the purity grade of the components. It is concluded that FT-IR and EI-MS procedures developed in this work represent a fast, sensitive and low cost alternativ... | eng_Latn | 27,656 |
Single Sweeping Polargraphic Determination of Phoxim | Electrochemical behavior of phoxim was studied by single sweeping polargraphy.It was found that the adsorptive wave of complex of titan yellow and Tween-80was inhibited by phoxim in a PBS of pH 6.7.Based on this reaction,a single sweeping polargraphic determination of phoxim was proposed.Linear relationship between values of peak current and mass concentration of phoxim was obtained in the range of 0.009 4-28.22mg·L-1,with detection limit(3s/k)of 0.008 6mg·L-1.The proposed method was applied to analysis of samples of grain and soil,giving values of recovery in the range of 94.6%-105%. | Introduction A successful fi rst structure refi nement of lysozyme [1] already proved the value of standard XRPD laboratory instruments for protein structure research. In this contribution we will present new measurements and crystallographic analysis results of insulin and insulin derivatives performed on data from a PANalytical X’Pert PRO diffractometer used in different confi gurations. We additionally demonstrate that even fast measurements on a 96 well plate as used for polymorph screening purposes, result in high quality data, which is suitable for automatic crystallographic analysis like indexing [2] and LeBail [3] fi tting. | eng_Latn | 27,657 |
Antimicrobial agents against bacteria, yeasts and molds | Use of a compound of the general formula I wherein R is COOR R Butyl, tert. Butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, decyl, dodecyl, eicosanyl or octacosanyl, an alkenyl radical selected from the group consisting of propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 3-pentenyl or 1,3-hexadienyl, an alkynyl is radical selected from the group consisting of propenyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 4-hexynyl, or 1-decynyl, or the residue of a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, isocitric acid or glyceric acid, n is an integer from 1 to 22 and R and salts thereof, for controlling bacteria, yeasts and / or molds. | Abstract The use of europium chelates as labels in immunoassays and their sensitive quantitation based on time-resolved fluorescence is reviewed. The technique is applied on competitive solid-phase immunoassays for direct determination of progesterone and estradiol in serum samples. Both antigen- and antibody-labelled competitive assays are described. The nonisotopic label technology, which provides a very high specific activity, as well as the antibody-labelled competitive assays, present several advantages in the assay of haptens as e.g. steroids. As the optimal sensitivity of competititive methods is not limited by the specific activity of the label the steroid assays which employ europium chelates as labels do not show any marked increase in sensitivity as compared to that achieved by using 125 I. The otential sensitivity provided by the high specific activity of the label is optimally utilized in noncompetitive immunometric assays. | eng_Latn | 27,658 |
A direct spectropolarimetric determination of magnesium(II), calcium(II), strontium(II), and barium(II) with d-(—)-trans-1,2-cyclohexanediaminete | Abstract A rapid titrimetric method was developed for magnesium(II), calcium(II), strontium(II), and barium(II), with the stereospecific ligand, D-(—)- trans -1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (D(—)CDTA), as titrant. A photoelectric polarimeter was used to monitor continuously the optical rotation of the solution during titration; the titrant and metal complexes formed are optically active and serve as self-indicators. The observed rotation is linear with respect to concentration of the metal complexes and D(—)CDTA, hence the end-point can be established by straight-line extrapolation. The most sensitive wavelength for spectropolarimetric analysis (365 nm) was determined from the optical rotatory dispersion curves. The range of average deviation from visual chelometry for the four metals titrated was 0.00–0.17%. | SummaryA baby hamster kidney cell line transformed in vitro by adenovirus type 12 produced high titer T antigen. Using different tumor-bearing hamster sera in the indirect fluorescent antibody technic the resultant staining was either confined to the cytoplasm or was present also in the nucleus. Both the intranuclear T antigen and intracytoplasmic T antigen when isolated behaved similarly on hydroxylapatite columns and on starch block electrophoresis. On hydroxylapatite columns the majority of the recovered CF activity was eluted with 0.2 M salt. On starch block electrophoresis all of the recovered CF activity was present in one peak effecting a 10-fold increase in specific activity by a one-step procedure. Preparations with highest specific activity were obtained from fractions of nuclear preparations separated by starch block electrophoresis.The excellent technical assistance of Mrs. Jessie Doleman, Miss Shirley J. Hagens, Mrs. Beatrice R. O'Keefe and Mrs. Inta Ziedins is gratefully acknowledged. | eng_Latn | 27,659 |
Uptake of Vitamin B12by Phytohaemagglutinin-Transformed Lymphocytes | Summary. ::: ::: Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-transformed lymphocytes have been used as a model cell system to study the uptake of radioactive vitamin B12 by haemopoietic cells. Both mature granulocytes and PHA-transformed lymphocytes took up more vitamin B12 than mature, non-transformed lymphocytes. Uptake of vitamin B12 by PHA-stimulated lymphocytes was greatest at 48–72 hr of culture, i.e. at about the time or just before the time of peak DNA synthesis. ::: ::: ::: ::: Vitamin B12 deficient lymphocytes took up significantly less vitamin B12 than normal lymphocytes. Folate deficient lymphocytes took up an average of about 50% more vitamin B12 than normal but the difference was not statistically significant for the numbers tested. Vitamin B12 uptake by PHA-stimulated lymphocytes was related to their rate of RNA synthesis (measured by 3H-uridine uptake) and was closely related to active cytoplasmic protein synthesis since it was rapidly inhibited by puromycin and cycloheximide. | This paper presents a novel approach for identification of terahertz (THz) spectral of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) based on Hyper Sausage Neuron (HSN), and THz transmittance spectra of some typical transgenic sugar-beet samples are investigated to demonstrate its feasibility. Principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to extract features of the spectrum data, and instead of the original spectrum data, the feature signals are fed into the HSN pattern recognition, a new multiple weights neural network (MWNN). The experimental result shows that the HSN model not only can correctly classify different types of transgenic sugar-beets, but also can reject identity non similar samples in the same type. The proposed approach provides a new effective method for detection and identification of GMOs by using THz spectroscopy. | eng_Latn | 27,660 |
Solid Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Determination of Thiobencarb and Furathiocarb in Aquatic Products | This study aimed to establish an analytical method for the determination of thiobencarb and furathiocarb pesticide residues in aquatic products using solid-phase extraction(SPE) and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry.Extraction with acetonitrile was used for sample preparation.The prepared sample was cleaned-up using SPE column(filled with 0.5 of C18 and 5 g of Na2SO4,and then eluted with 10 ml of acetonitrile).The total ion current(TIC) was identified by a spectrum library search.Selected ion monitoring(SIM) was used as a quantitative method.The two pesticides show good linearity in a detected concentration range with good correlation coefficient(r=0.997 to 1.000).The method recoveries are generally from 82% to 110% with relative standard deviation(RSD) of 3.74% to 8.18% and the limit of detection is 0.01 mg/kg(S/N 10).The method is effective,fast,accurate and economical,and it can meet the detection demand for import and export. | Abstract A mixed dusulfide of S -(2-carboxy-3-mercaptopropyl)- l -cysteine and 3-mercaptoisobutyric acid and the disulfide of S - (2-carboxy-3-mercaptopropyl)cysteine, not previously known in nature, have been isolated from asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis ) shoots. The former was converted to the latter by reduction with zinc powder in HCl followed by reoxidation with aeration. | eng_Latn | 27,661 |
Anisotropy of effective charges in NaNO2, NaNO3, KNO3 and CaCO3 | Effective charges of the constituents of NaNO2, NaNO3, KNO3 and CaCO3 are calculated from the splitting of polar optical modes into transverse and longitudinal components, obtained from the simulation of the infrared reflectivity spectra polarised along the different crystallographic directions. Effective charges within planar molecular ions are found to be highly anisotropic, whereas the effective charge of external cations depends little on polarisation. The temperature dependence of the effective charges is reported in NaNO2, NaNO3 and KNO3. The dependences are discussed in terms of correlation of the cation-anion distance with the iono-covalent character of the bond, in particular near structural phase transitions where the cation-anion distances may change. | In order to study the influence of difference in C_2H_2 concentration on the ::: production of CO_2, N_2O,NH_4-N and volatile fatty acids (VFA), soil slurries with a gradient in ::: C_2H_2 concentration were anaerobicallyincubated at 25°C for 2 weeks. Acetate, butyrate and ::: CO_2 production and NH_4-N accumulation wereinhibited in the slurries in the presence of ::: C_2H_2; and the inhibition effect increased with increasing C_2H_2from 0 to 20 kpa in the ::: headspace gas of the incubation bottle. However, N_2O, isobutyrate and propionateproduction ::: was not obviously different among the slurries amended with C_2H_2 from 2.5 to 20 kpa. ::: Therefore,the results implied that the C_2H_2 did not promote the inhibition but only increased ::: the side effect onother microbial processes. The C_2H_2 of 2.5 kpa was suggested to be the ::: optimum choice for the presentdenitrification study. | eng_Latn | 27,662 |
Anchimeric Participation of a Methoxy Group in a Reaction of a Metathiophosphate | Thermolysis of derivatives of the 2,3-oxaphosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octene ring system with phosphorus in the phosphonothionoate state accompli- shes the extrusion of 0-alkyl metathiophosphates, ROP(S)O, as highly reactive intermediates. With alcohol present, the intermediate is trap- ped as an O,O-dialkyl phosphorothionoate, (RO)(R'O)P(S)OH. With R = (RS)-sec-butyl in the metathiophosphate released, the phosphorothiono- ate is formed as a 1:1 mixture of diastereoisomers, but when R = (RS)- 1-methoxy-2-propyl in the metathiophosphate, a 4:1 isomer mixture is formed in CHCl 3 , and 2:1 in toluene | 1-[3-Mercaptoalkanoyl] pyroglutamic acids and 1-[3-mercaptoalkanoyl]-4-hetero (oxa, thia and aza) pyroglutamic acids were prepared and their inhibitory activities against angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were examined. (2S)-1-[(2S)-3-Mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl] pyroglutamic acid 2 was found to be the most potent orally active inhibitor of ACE of rabbit lung among the derivatives synthesized in the present study and appeared to have great potential for use as an oral antihypertensive agent. | eng_Latn | 27,663 |
Treatment with Omega-3 Concentrate does not Alter Blood Chemical Profiles in Dogs Afflicted with Hip Osteoarthritis | A. Sastravaha, N. Suwanna, C. Sinthusingha, J. Noosud, E. Olanratmanee, A. Roongsitthichai Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Chonburi, Thailand Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand *Corresponding author: [email protected] | During the experiments with solid acid(SO~(2-)_4/SnO_2) prepared in the laboratory as catalyst to synthesize DOP.The influence of the quantity of solid acid,the ratio of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol to benzene anhydride,and the time of reaction on the productivity of DOP were studied.The experiment demonstrated the best operating conditions are as follows:the amount of catalyst is 14 g/mol,the ratio of alcohol to anhydride is 2.35 ∶1,the reaction time is 3.5 h.The esterification rate may up to 91%.In a word,the catalyst SO~(2-)_4/SnO_2 enjoys such advantages as being high activity,lasting and reusable,with the resulted DOP being light in color and easy to purify and separate,and so can be used to replace the traditional catalyst—the concentrated sulphuric acid in the synthesis of DOP. | eng_Latn | 27,664 |
The synthesis of a series of (α-amino)indol-3-yl ketones | A series of [(α-amino)indol-3-yl]-2-methyl-1-propanones and [(α-amino)indol-3-yl]cyclopentylmethanones has been synthesized by a variety of reductive reactions performed on the corresponding series of (α-azido)-indol-3-yl ketones. One of the more interesting reductive procedures involved the palladium-catalyzed decomposition of formic acid with the formation of hydrogen in situ. The (α-azido)ketones were prepared in excellent yield by the displacement of the tertiary bromine atom from the (α-bromo)ketones using sodium azide in N,N-dimethylformamide. Bromination was accomplished by using either cupric bromide in ethyl acetate/chloroform or phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide in tetrahydrofuran. | Abstract Laboratory evaluations were conducted of the rate of ammonia bio-oxidation to nitrite by an autotrophic culture of strict nitrifiers. Ammonia oxidation biokinetics was found to follow Michaelis-Menten type relationships. Experiments were conducted to quantify the influence of phenol, and the influence of un-ionized (free) ammonia on biokinetic parameters. Results show that the Michaelis-Menten constant varies with the square root of ambient phenol concentration, and that the influence of un-ionized ammonia on ammonia oxidation may be best described by a “substrate-inhibition” model which follows from classical Monod kinetics. This model explains, to a large degree, observed differences in ammonia bio-oxidation rates as functions of pH. Conclusions based on engineering calculations are presented to illustrate design and operational considerations for the biological removal of wastewater ammonia. | eng_Latn | 27,665 |
Tetrabutylammonium alkyl carboxylate surfactants in aqueous solution : Self-association behavior, solution nanostructure, and comparison with tetrabutylammonium alkyl sulfate surfactants | A series of long and ultralong chain tetrabutylammonium alkyl carboxylate (TBACm, TBA = tetrabutylammonium ion; Cm = carboxylate ion Cm-1H2m-1CO2- of total carbon number m) surfactants have been obtained by direct neutralization of the fatty acids with m = 12, 14, 18, 22, and 24 by tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. Time-resolved fluorescence quenching has been used to determine the micelle aggregation number (N) of the surfactants with m = 12, 14, and 18 in the temperature range 10−50 °C and of the surfactants with m = 22 and 24 in the temperature range 25−60 °C. In all instances the values of N were well below those that can be calculated for the maximum spherical micelle formed by surfactants with the same alkyl chain as the investigated surfactants on the basis of the oil drop model for the micelle core. The microstructure of selected solutions of TBAC22 was examined using transmission electron microscopy at cryogenic temperature and compared to the microstructure of solutions of TBA dodecyl and tetradecyl... | We have developed a rapid purification method for DNA topoisomerase I from Raji cells, a human Burkitt lymphoma cell line, using ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by chromatography on a Mono S column (FPLC, Pharmacia). By this method, the enzyme could be purified to near homogeneity within one day. Electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel revealed that the final preparation is mainly composed of a 100-kDa protein. The major enzyme activity sedimented through a glycerol density gradient at 5.7S, accompanied with a minor peak at 8.7S. The former may correspond to the monomer of the 100-kDa polypeptide, and the latter, to its dimeric form. The gel filtration study of the crude extract revealed an active molecular species of 200 kDa, in addition to 100 kDa, and lower molecular weight forms. These results suggest that DNA topoisomerase I is largely in monomeric form, but also has a minor population of the dimeric form. | eng_Latn | 27,666 |
Androgen Environment and β-Glucuronidase Activity in the Human Kidney | Basal β -glucuronidase activity was measured in the cytosol of renal cortex in 10 women and nine men, and its levels were correlated to the concentrations of the main circulating androgens and to the cytoplasmic androgen receptor content. β -Glucuronidase activity in women was similar to that found in men, despite blood testosterone levels being higher in the latter. The activity of the enzyme does not appear to be related to circulating levels of either testosterone or androstenedione. Only in men the androgen receptor content and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate levels were inversely correlated to β-glucuronidase. In the human kidney cytosol there is no evidence of sexual dimorphism in basal β-glucuronidase activity; whereas the total testosterone circulating levels do not seem to control the enzyme activity. | Geant4 simulation package was used to simulate muon fluxes at different locations, the floor of UNIREA mine and two levels of CANTACUZINO mine, of Slanic Prahova site in Romania. This site is specially important since it is one of the seven sites in Europe that are under consideration of housing large detector components of Large Apparatus studying Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysics (LAGUNA) project. Simulations were performed for vertical muons and for muons with a zenith angle . Primary muon flux and energies at ground level were obtained from previous measurements. Results of the simulations are in general agreement with previous simulations made using MUSIC simulation program and with the measurements made using a mobile detector. | eng_Latn | 27,667 |
Adrenal Cortical Hormone and Incorporation of Radioactivity into Nucleic Acid of Isolated Rat Diaphragm.∗ | Summary Adrenalectomy stimulated incorporation of radioactivity from adenine-8-C14 into total nucleic acid and the RNA of isolated rat diaphragm. Moreover, adrenalectomy increased the actual amount of nucleic acid and of RNA that could be extracted from rat diaphragm. Cortisone administration (2 mg/day) was without effect on incorporation of C14 from adenine into nucleic acid or RNA, nor did it influence their amount. | Using the ADAPT and CHEMLAB-II systems for structure-activity analysis, computer-calculated electronic properties of molecules were used to derive structure-activity relationships for predicting the mutagenicity of a set of substituted acridines in strain TA1537 of the Ames Salmonella assay. A collection of 40 acridines, with a variety of substituents, was examined. A set of 4 electronic descriptors was found which could be used to correctly classify all but two of the compounds as mutagenic or nonmutagenic. A negative correlation was found between the sum of the Hammett aromatic substituent parameters and the level of mutagenicity of the structures, expressed as log(number of revertants/plate + 1) at a 20-micrograms dose. This correlation, however, was not high enough to allow precise estimation of the mutagenicity values. | eng_Latn | 27,668 |
Quick Design Method of Prolate Spheroidal Wave Pulse Signals | In the system of nonsinusoidal short-wave(HF) communication based on prolate spheroidal wave pulse signals(PSWPS),the original design method of PSWPS has large computation work and long computation time problem.To solve the problem,a quick design method of PSWPS is proposed.The approximate numerical value is achieved by this method using prolate spheroidal wave functions(PSWF) based on bandpass sampling.PSWPS can be obtained just by horizontally moving the PSWF rightward along the time axis.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the quick design method can effectively reduce the calculation work and computing time.In the meantime,the performance of time domain,frequency domain and orthogonalization of PSWPS is almost the same as the original design method. | In fundamental solvent extraction research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory a large number of systems have been discovered that are selective for one or a few elements. Some of these have been adapted to analytical separation and assay. To serve our own need for highly reproducible and accurate analysis of samples containing ..cap alpha.. and ..beta..-emitting nuclides, we have turned to liquid scintillation in both its familiar ..beta..-liquid scintillation (..beta..-LS) form and in a less-familiar development called Photon-Electron Rejecting Alpha Liquid Scintillation (PERALS) spectrometry. ..beta.. counting by the former and ..cap alpha.. counting by the latter combined with appropriate separation method result in powerful tools for radioassay of a wide range of sample types. 15 refs. | eng_Latn | 27,669 |
Effects of caffeine and related methylxanthines on fetal mouse palates cultured in vitro. | The maxillary regions of day-12.5 ICR mouse fetuses were cultured in a chemically-defined serumless medium and the effects of methylxanthine derivatives on cultured palates were studied. Explanted palates were treated for 72 hr in vitro with 0.5-2 mM caffeine (CA), 1-2 mM theophylline (TP), or 1-2 mM theobromine (TB). Although the three compounds tested did not prevent the contact of opposing palatal shelves, palatal fusion was inhibited by CA and TP at a concentration of 2 mM, and the inhibitory effect of CA was more evident than that of TP. On the other hand, TB did not exert an inhibitory effect on palatogenesis at 2 mM. Since the in vitro toxicity of the methylxanthine compounds appeared to correlate well with their in vivo teratogenic potential, the organ culture method of fetal rodent palates should be a useful tool for screening teratogenic agents, especially those causing cleft palate. | Abstract The structural and luminescent properties of perspective scintillating Zn x Mg 1-x WO 4 mixed crystals were studied. The following characteristics were found to depend linearly on x value: the energy of several vibrational modes detected by Raman spectroscopy, the bandgap width deduced from the shift of the excitation spectrum onset of a self-trapped exciton (STE) emission, the position of thermally stimulated luminescence peaks. It is also shown that the thermal stability of the STE luminescence decreases gradually when x decreases. These data indicate that each Zn x Mg 1-x WO 4 mixed crystal is not a mixture of two constituents, but possesses its original crystalline structure, as well as optical and luminescent properties. | eng_Latn | 27,670 |
GLOWING ANALYSES. MEASUREMENT OF ULTRAWEAK CHEMILUMINESCENCE AS AN ANALYTICAL TOOL | This article defines chemiluminescence, describes the instruments used to measure ultraweak chemiluminescence, and discusses its various applications. Chemical reactions which cause light emission are enumerated. Among these are the oxidation of organic and inorganic materials, inorganic acid-base reactions, beoluminescence, and the thermal decomposition of materials. Chemiluminescence measurement is considered a powerful tool in the study and measurement of polymer degradation and the quality control and analysis of fine chemicals. When applying the technique to chemical processes the following can be evaluated: the effect of structural differences on a material's stability; the effect of additives; the effect of processing changes; and the effect of a material's environment (radiation, temperature, atmosphere) or its stability. | Of the chemical tests used, we found that values for urinary free cortisol had the best clinical correlation and were the most sensitive indicator of cortisol secretion in a patient with Cushing’s syndrome who was treated with amino-glutethimide. | yue_Hant | 27,671 |
Separation of iron-52 from chromium cyclotron targets on the 2% cross-linked anion-exchange resin AG1-X2 in hydrochloric acid. | Iron-52 can be separated from solutions of chromium cyclotron targets by eluting chromium, copper and radioactive impurities with 9.0M hydrochloric acid from a column containing 1.0 g of AG1-X2 anion-exchange resin. Iron-52 is retained and can then be eluted with 6.0M hydrochloric acid containing 0.05M hydrogen iodide or 0.05M sodium iodide. The separations are sharp and quantitative. Less than 2 microg of chromium will remain with the iron-52, from 2.0 g originally present. | Abstract Ethylcellulose microparticles containing chitosan and gelatin were prepared by spray drying water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. Water phase was chitosan:gelatin solution in distilled water, and oil phase was ethylcellulose solution in dichloromethane. FITC-dextran was included in water phase as a fluorescence dye. The maximum coacervation was observed at pH 6.0 when the ratio of chitosan to gelatin was 1:15. Microparticles containing chitosan and gelatin in the ratio showed a higher release under acidic condition (e.g. pH 4.0) and neutral condition (e.g. pH 7.0), but a lower release at pH 5.0 and pH 6.0. The complex coacervate composed of chitosan and gelatin was efficiently formed at those pHs, and the formation of coacervate would be responsible for the lower release. | eng_Latn | 27,672 |
C-1 and C-3 protonation of indolizines | The structures of 3-methyl-, 3,7-dimethyl-, 2,3,6-trimethyl-, and 2,3,7-trimethyl-indolizinium perchlorates in trifluoroacetic acid were determined by proton magnetic resonance and shown to be protonated preferentially on C-1. These cations in dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid, however, were shown to be mixtures of C-1 and C-3 protonated species. The cations of seven indolizines lacking a 3-methyl group consisted almost entirely of C-3 protonated species in both solvents. Steric hindrance by a methyl group to protonation on C-3 in some 3-methyl-substituted indolizines is invoked. | RECENT developments in penicillin-therapy dosage schedules have resulted in numerous studies dealing with the significance of blood levels. The object of this communication is to report data concerning the blood plasma penicillin levels and urine concentration curves following intramuscular administration of aqueous solution of procaine penicillin (Crysticillin).§ This procaine salt is relatively insoluble in aqueous solutions and body fluids, and this property forms the basis of a new principle in penicillin administration. It has been demonstrated that the addition of dried sodium carboxymethylcellulose to dry crystalline procaine penicillin G results in a stable suspension in diluents containing water. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose . . . | eng_Latn | 27,673 |
Alternative method for checking toxicity of hair dyes. | Synopsis We have compared the in vitro and in vivo toxicities of 19 hair dyes. In vitro, the toxic effect was estimated in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79), using a cell growth inhibition test. For each compound, the concentration required to reduce 50% of the growth (CI(50)) was determined. In vivo, compounds were administered by i.p. route to groups of 10 Swiss mice per dose. The LD(50) values obtained were used to estimate the acute toxicity. The comparison of the results in vivo and in vitro showed that there is a good correlation between both ranking orders (correlation coefficient r= 0.90 with a first kind error P= 10(-4)). These results suggest that the use of cell culture tests is valuable as pre-screening systems to appreciate the toxicity level of hair dyes, in order to reduce the use of animals in safety evaluation. | A dissolved oxygen sensor based on ruthenium(Ru) fluorescence and U-shape plastic optical fiber (POF) was described. ::: Dichlorotris (1, 10-phenanthroline) ruthenium (II) was used as an oxygen indicator, which was coated on to the surface ::: of a 1mm diameter U-shaped POF. Phase modulation technique is used to measure fluorescence lifetime. The phase ::: difference between 100% and 0% dissolved oxygen is 1.78 degree. By using the nonlinear assumption, we also calculate ::: that the there are only 20% thickness of the sensor material is affected by DO. | eng_Latn | 27,674 |
Determination of Protein with 4,9-di[N-(2-dimethylamino) ethyl]-9-aminoacridine-4-formamide | The spectrofluorimetry approach of bovine serum albumin(BSA) was studied with water-soluble 4,9-di[N-(2-dimethylamino) ethyl]-9-aminoacridine-4-formamide(DNAF) probe and sodium lauryl sulfate(SDS).The linear range and detection limit was 5.0×10-9～ 8.3×10-7 mol / L and 1.0×10-10 mol / L,respectively.As a new type of fluorescent dye probe,DNAF can be applied to the quantitative determination of trace protein. | A versatile radioimmunoassay procedure has been developed to specifically assay gentamicin, tobramycin, or amikacin. Iodinated derivatives of these three antibiotics were prepared by a modified Bolton and Hunter procedure. A single reagent system composed of a pool of three very specific antisera was used in the procedure. The antisera combination did not alter the specificity of the procedure. Validation of the assay of the three antibiotics included studies of parallelism, accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and method comparison with other radioimmunoassay procedures involving single antiserum systems. We discuss the application of this multiple assay capability to other procedures involving use of immunochemicals. | eng_Latn | 27,675 |
Flow-injection chemiluminescence determination of berberine hydrochloride | A new flow-injection chemiluminescence (CL) method for determination of berberine hydrochloride is described. The method is based on the enhancement action of berberine hydrochloride on the weak CL of cobalt (II)-hydrogen peroxide-hydrogencarbonate system. The sensitized-type CL emission allows the measurement of berberine hydrochloride over the range of 2.0×10~(-7) to 1.0×10~(-5) mol·L~(-1). The detection limit is 8.1×10~(-8) mol·L~(-1) and the relative standard deviation for 2.0×10~(-6) mol·L~(-1) berberine hydrochloride is 1.2% (n=9). The proposed method can be applied to the determination of berberine hydrochloride in capsules. The mechanism of the sensitized-type CL emission is also discussed. | The success of drug development is greatly influenced by the efficiency of drug screening methods. Recently, phenotype-based screens have raised expectations, based on their proven record of identifying first-in-class drugs at a higher rate. Although fluorescence images are the data most commonly used in phenotype-based cell-based assays, nonstained cellular images have the potential to provide new descriptive information about cellular responses. In this study, we applied morphology-based evaluation of nonlabeled microscopic images to a phenotype-based assay. As a study case, we attempted to increase the efficiency of a cell-based assay for chemical compounds that induce production of nerve growth factor (NGF), using lyconadin B as a model compound. Because the total synthesis of lyconadin B was accomplished very recently, there is no well-established cell-based assay scheme for further drug screening. The conventional cell-based assay for evaluating NGF induction requires two types of cells and a total ... | eng_Latn | 27,676 |
Clenbuterol and beta-adrenergic drugs detected in hair of treated animals by ELISA | largerdoseofsalbutamol, itsaccumu-lationinhairwaslower,beingunde-tectableinthelow-doseregimen.BecauseresultsobtainedbyELISAmethodologies shouldbeconsideredonlysemiquantitative, wealsoana-lyzedthehairextractsbygaschroma-tography-mass spectrometry (CC!MS),using themethyl boronatederivatives ofclenbuterol andsalbu-tamol(3,4).Linearregression oftheclenbuterol resultsbyELISA(x)andthose | In a micro fixed-bed reactor,the preparation of γ-butyrolactone by the catalytic hydrogenation of dimethyl succinate using composite copper-based catalyst Cu-ZnO-ZrO2/Al2O3 was investigated.Effects of catalyst composition,reaction temperature,pressure,mole ratio of hydrogen to dimethyl succinate,volume ratio of solvent to solute,space velocity on the hydrogenation reactions were investigated.The results showed that in the optimized conditions when reaction temperature at 220 ℃,reaction pressure around 3.0 MPa,molar ratio of hydrogen to dimethyl succinate close to 150∶1,ratio of solvent and solute near 4∶1,space velocity about 0.25 h-1,the conversion rate of dimethyl succinate reached 100%,the molar selectivity of γ-butyrolactone reached 90%. | eng_Latn | 27,677 |
Expression characteristics of serine proteinase inhibitor II under variable environmental stresses in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) | A cDNA clone encoding a protein (CaPI-2), which is highly homologous to proteinase inhibitor II (PI-2) from tobacco and tomato, was isolated from pericarp cDNA library of hot pepper. The 304 amino acid long primary structure contains a region of a putative signal peptide and three highly conserved repeated proteinase inhibitor domains with a trypsin- and two chymotrypsin-specific reactive sites. The mRNA encoding CaPI-2 was expressed at a steady-state level in leaves, stem, and roots. Mechanical wounding increased the CaPI-2 mRNA expression in the adjacent and remote site from wounded area. In addition to wounding, the effects of various chemical and physical stresses were investigated. Exogenous ABA, salt and electrical current was observed to increase the CaPI-2 expression, whereas acetylsalicylic acid gave an inverse effect on the wounding. In contrast, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cold stress had no effects on the CaPI-2 expression level. | This paper describes the evolution of the structure and representation of Capability Maturity Modelssm and various components of the ISO/IEC 15504 (PDTR) product set, formerly known as ‘SPICE’ (Software Process Improvement and Capability dEtermination). ‘15504’ will be used as shorthand for the product set encompassed by the 15504 project. The paper focuses on historical, structural, and conceptual evolution of the two product types. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons Ltd | eng_Latn | 27,678 |
Urine Proteome Analysis in Murine Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis | Background: Urine contains serum proteins filtered by the glomerulus or secreted by the renal tubules and proteins produced locally by the urinary tract. Proteomic analysis of urine | Equations have been developed for describing the isotherms of extraction of rare-earth metal(III) [REM(III)] nitrates from aqueous concentrated solutions by 100% diisoamyl methylphosphonate, taking into account the variation of activity coefficients of components in the organic phase when its composition is varied within broad limits. The thermodynamic parameters of the extraction equilibria have been calculated using as the standard states hypothetical one-molal aqueous REM(III) nitrate solutions and pure components of the organic phase at a mole fraction of 1.0. | ind_Latn | 27,679 |
Development of Water-borne Epoxy Anti-corrosive Rust Tolerant Primer-Topcoat Coatings | The paper introduced the synthesis of water-borne curing agent of cashew nut shell liquid and water-borne epoxy resin emulsion with which the water-borne epoxy anti-corrosion rust tolerant primer-topcoat coatings were prepared. The final ratio between emulsion and curing agent was determined. | Abstract The use of europium chelates as labels in immunoassays and their sensitive quantitation based on time-resolved fluorescence is reviewed. The technique is applied on competitive solid-phase immunoassays for direct determination of progesterone and estradiol in serum samples. Both antigen- and antibody-labelled competitive assays are described. The nonisotopic label technology, which provides a very high specific activity, as well as the antibody-labelled competitive assays, present several advantages in the assay of haptens as e.g. steroids. As the optimal sensitivity of competititive methods is not limited by the specific activity of the label the steroid assays which employ europium chelates as labels do not show any marked increase in sensitivity as compared to that achieved by using 125 I. The otential sensitivity provided by the high specific activity of the label is optimally utilized in noncompetitive immunometric assays. | eng_Latn | 27,680 |
Optimization of Extraction Technology of Cistanche tubulosa by Orthogonal Test | OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of Cistanche tubulosa.METHODS:The extract technology of C.tubulosa was optimized by orthogonal test with solid-liquid ratio,extraction time and extraction times as factors and with the yield of phenylethanoid glycosides as index.RESULTS:The optimal extraction condition for C.tubulosa was as follows:the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶15;the reflux extraction was conducted for 3 times(1 hour each time).CONCLUSION:The optimized technology is characterized by lowcost,good safety,short production cycle and high yield,and it serves as guidance for the macro-production of preparations of C.tubulosa. | Controversy remains over which tests are necessary in the routine evaluation of women with lower urinary tract dysfunction. Is cystometry alone sufficient, or is a more detailed investigation such as videocystourethrography justified? Two hundred consecutive new patients attending for urodynamic assessment were reviewed. In fifteen (7.5%) patients the correct diagnosis was made only on videocystourethrography. We therefore suggest that videocystourethrography should continue to be used as the routine investigation of female lower urinary tract dysfunction. | eng_Latn | 27,681 |
[Rapid Determination of Dodecylmorpholine in Aqueous Solutions with UV-Vis Spectrophotometry]. | A rapid UV-Vis spectrophotometric method was proposed to determine the concentration of DMP in aqueous solutions. The linear concentration range of DMP solution at the range of 250～400 nm is 0.5～70 mmol·L(-1). At 275 nm, the linear fitting equation is A=0.030 7c+0.133 0 with a correlation of 0.980 9. The detection limitation is 9.46×10-5 mmol·L-1, the RSD (n=6) of the method were at the range of 0.100%～0.612%. The recovery ratio for salt solutions sample is 95%～104%. Temperature, pH, and coexisting K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), Cl(-), Br(-), I(-), SO(2-)(4) ions do not affect the detection. The coexisting CO(2-)(3) and HCO(-)(3) ions can be eliminated with acidification. The results showed that the proposed method is simple in pretreatment process and has high accuracy and precision. It is a quick measurement method of DMP concentration in water solution, and can be used to measure DMP concentration in reverse flotation tail liquid and reverse flotation material pulp. | Bioorthogonal metabolic DNA labeling with fluorochromes is a powerful strategy to visualize DNA molecules and their functions. Here, we report the development of a new DNA metabolic labeling strategy enabled by the catalyst-free bioorthogonal ligation using vinyl thioether modified thymidine and o-quinolinone quinone methide. With the newly designed vinyl thioether-modified thymidine (VTdT), we added labeling tags on cellular DNA, which could further be linked to fluorochromes in cells. Therefore, we successfully visualized the DNA localization within cells as well as single DNA molecules without other staining reagents. In addition, we further characterized this bioorthogonal DNA metabolic labeling using DNase I digestion, MS characterization of VTdT as well as VTdT-oQQF conjugate in cell nuclei or mitochondria. This technique provides a powerful strategy to study DNA in cells, which paves the way to achieve future spatiotemporal deciphering of DNA synthesis and functions. | eng_Latn | 27,682 |
Physiology and Pharmacology of the Bladder | The functions of the lower urinary tract (LUT) are to store and periodically release urine. These functions are dependent upon a complex interplay between the central and peripheral nervous systems and local regulatory factors.1 The neural circuitry that controls these interactions is complex and involves pathways at many levels of the brain, the spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, and it is mediated by multiple neurotransmitters. Micturition is under voluntary control and depends on learned behavior that develops during maturation of the nervous system. Normal micturition requires coordination of the activity of the bladder and urethra with that of urethral striated muscle, and depends on the integration of pontine centers and autonomic and somatic efferent mechanisms within the lumbosacral spinal cord (see Fowler et al.2). | Abstract A wide range of chemically-bonded stationary phases have been evaluated to assess their potential usefulness for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in refinery effluents by high-performance liquid chromatography. Of the 30 columns tested, no more than six achieved the target value of a resolution of 1.5 for perylene—benzo[ a ]pyrene within an analysis time of 30 min using isocratic elution with aqueous acetonitrile as mobile phase. Under these conditions, a column packed with HC-ODS-Sil-X (Perkin-Elmer Corp.) was the only one to separate completely all the components of interest. | eng_Latn | 27,683 |
Short step synthesis of (22E, 24R)-5α-ergosta-2,22-dien-6-one, a key intermediate for the preparation of 24-epibrassinolide | Synthesis of (22E, 24R)-5α-ergosta-2,22-dien-6-one (1) was achieved in 36% overall yield in four steps starting from ergosterol (2). The key step was the two stage reduction of (22E, 24R)-3β-acetoxi-5-hydroxy-5a-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one (3) with lithium and liquid ammonia. | The degradation products of diclofenac in aqueous dosage form in accelerated storage conditions were characterized by electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Liquid chromatography (LC)-MS analyses revealed the presence of three degradation products. ESI-MS(n) spectra were used to study diclofenac fragmentation in detail and to characterize the structures of degradation products. A previously described degradation product, formed by a cyclization reaction of diclofenac producing the indolinone derivative, was found. As any hydroxylated product was found, no oxidation seems to occur in the dosage form used. On the contrary, two degradates have been detected and identified, leading to a primary alcohol structure or an aldehyde function in place of the acetate group of diclofenac. | eng_Latn | 27,684 |
Optical properties of RAS (N–CH3-2-NH2-5Cl-Py)(TCNQ)(CH3CN) solvate | Abstract The optical, electro-physical and magnetic properties of the radical-anionic salt of the so-called simple composition – (N–CH3-2-NH2-5Cl-Py)(TCNQ) were investigated, (N–CH3-2-NH2-5Cl-Py – N-methyl-2-amine-5-chloro-pyridine). Raman’s scattering spectra and infrared reflection spectra are very similar to quasi-one-dimensional salts based on TCNQ. However, in our case, almost isolated π-dimers (TCNQ)22− are used instead of columns built with TCNQ. Supramolecular contacts involving the amine-cation group combine dimers into infinite chains and thereby reduce the local symmetry of the molecules TCNQ to C2h. These peculiarities of the structure may be the cause of this extraordinary behaviour and the manifestation of vibronic-interaction. The salt is a semiconductor, the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity is subordinated to the Variable Range Hopping model. According to the ESR data, the salt exhibits weak antiferromagnetic properties. | Objective: The determination of soluble arseniic in the Liu Shen Wan and each in Chinese Medicinal Herbs, synthesis of cysteine—arsenic(Ⅲ) complex. Method: The contents of soluble arsenic have been determined with DDC-Ag method. chemosythesis of cysteine-arsenic(Ⅲ) complex. Result: Cysteine-arsenic(Ⅲ) complex were obtained. Toxicology As 2O 3 LD 50 =150 mg/kg, cysteine-arsenic(Ⅲ) complex LD 50 =650 mg/kg. Condusion: The contents of trace arsenic except of Liu Shen Wan and realagr, each one in Chinese Medicinal Herbs too contentstrace arsenic. The complex of cysteine—arsenic(Ⅲ) is sythcisized. The results of toxicooology showed that toxic of complex expressly is lower than that in As 2O 3. The results showed that cysteine antagonsim of toxic of arsenic. | kor_Hang | 27,685 |
[Method of developing alkaloids of different structural types on a thin layer of sorbent]. | A new method for developing alkaloids of the piperidine, pyridine, isochinoline, indole, purine and chinoline groups in a thin sorbent layer has been developed. This method is based on the use of the Dragendorf reagent, subsequent disintegration of the stained complex, and chromatogram treatment with a sodium thiosulfate ammonia solution. The method makes it possible to measure quantitatively alkaloids of various structures, using UV-spectrometry after their elution. The relative error is 1.9-5.5% in three parallel measurements. | A methodology for hierarchical statistical circuit characterization which does not rely upon circuit-level Monte Carlo simulation is presented. The methodology uses principal component analysis, response surface methodology, and statistics to directly calculate the statistical distributions of higher-level parameters from the distributions of lower-level parameters. We have used the methodology to characterize a folded cascode operational amplifier and a phase-locked loop. This methodology permits the statistical characterization of large analog and mixed-signal systems, many of which are extremely time-consuming or impossible to characterize using existing methods. | eng_Latn | 27,686 |
Determination of Arsenic and Cadmium in Ejiao | The content of arsenic and cadmium in Ejiao by using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry method was presented.At the same time,instrument conditions and test conditions were optimized.In the selected optimum conditions,the detection limits of As and Cd were as low as 0.0257μg/L and 0.00421μg/L,respectively,and the recovery of As was 95.30% and Cd 97%.Precision of As was 0.4% and of Cd was 2.72%.The determination of arsenic and cadmium in Ejiao was got satisfactory results. | Two patients with poor-prognosis leukemia were treated with high-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), 3 g/m2, for induction. Both patients developed serious jaundice in the second posttreatment week. Clinically, the jaundice was characterized by conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, normal amino transferase levels, significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase, and no evidence of obstruction. Microscopic examination of the liver showed only passive congestion with blood, and no bile lakes or plugs. This was believed to be most consistent with drug-induced intrahepatic cholestasis, possibly as a result of injury to the hepatocyte transport system. | eng_Latn | 27,687 |
Regulation of insulin receptor signaling by protein-tyrosine dephosphorylation. | Abstract Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) that dephosphorylate the active (autophosphorylated) form of the insulin receptor and attenuate its tyrosine kinase activity play an essential regulatory role in signaling mediated by the insulin receptor. PTPases also modulate signaling through postreceptor pathways by catalyzing the dephosphorylation of cellular substrates of the insulin receptor kinase, such as IRS-1, or other tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins along the cellular cascade of insulin action. Recent studies have provided important data regarding PTPase(s) in insulin-responsive tissues that may regulate various components of the insulin action pathway. Further studies in this area will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in insulin signaling and clarify the potential involvement of PTPases in the pathophysiology of insulin-resistant disease states. | The toxic solution used at the Tokyo Subway Sarin Incident was purified by vacuum distillation. We were thus able to obtain sarin with high purity. We conducted a quantitative analysis of sarin using 31P-NMR spectrometry. High-purity sarin was examined by trimethyl phosphate as an internal standard. In comparison with 1H nondecoupling, the relative intensity between sarin and the internal standard did not change in 1H decoupling. Trimethyl phosphate is a good internal standard substance. A 31P-NMR chemical shift of trimethyl phosphate is separate from those of sarin and related compounds. Trimethyl phosphate has one phosphorus atom in the molecule, as does sarin. Since it is advantageous in the conversion of quantitative value, the molecular weight of trimethyl phosphate (m.w. 140.08) is close to that of sarin (m.w. 140.09). By using trimethyl phosphate as an internal standard, it is possible to conduct a quantitative analysis of sarin through 1H decoupled 31P-NMR spectrometry. | eng_Latn | 27,688 |
[Changes in lymphocyte subpopulations induced by the administration of thymopentin]. | Modifications of the levels of T-helper (T4) and T-suppressor (T8) lymphocytes were assessed, together with their ratio, in 17 subjects who had received thymopentine as an adjuvant to Hevac-B vaccination. Two months after treatment with the immunomodulating drug, T4 lymphocytes were considerably increased whereas absolute levels of T8 lymphocytes were decreased in the majority of patients: this led to a net increase in the T4/T8 ratio. This finding leads to the conclusion that all subjects produced anti-HBs antibodies as a means of protection. | Carbon isotope effects have been determined for the reactions of (2-phenylethyl-2-/sup 14/C)trimethylammonium ion with hydroxide ion in 10, 25, 40, and 60% Me/sub 2/SO-water and with ethoxide ion in dry ethanol. Comparison of these values with earlier results on /sup 13/C isotope effects shows that the relation between the /sup 14/C and /sup 13/C effects is close to that predicted from theory. The magnitudes of the isotope effects suggest significant contributions from tunneling, and this suggestion is supported by temperature-dependence studies that give ..delta..E/sub a/ values too large and A/sub a(12)//A/sub a(14)/ values too small to account for without tunneling. Temperature dependences calculated from the Bell theory of tunneling can be fitted to the experimental data. The results indicate that the semiclassical (without tunneling) carbon isotope effects are small or even inverse and that tunnel corrections make major contributions to the observed isotope effects. | eng_Latn | 27,689 |
Experimental test of the time‐dependent Ising model | The one dimensional Ising model and its variations have been successfully used to describe the statistical properties of polymers, such as polypeptides, DNA, etc. Recently one of us solved the hydrodynamic solution of Glauber’s time‐dependent Ising model. This solution is suitable for describing kinetic processes of Ising systems. The recent data on the potassium–sodium exchange in human lymphocytes provide an ideal case for testing the theory. It was previously found that the intracellular K+ and Na+ concentrations vs extracellular K+ concentration follow the Ising isotherm. In this paper we show that the kinetic data of potassium uptake in potassium‐depleted, sodium‐loaded cells agree with the theoretical result. | Artificial sweeteners are widely used in food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries all over the world. In this study some non-nutritive sweeteners such as aspartame, acesulfame-K, sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin were simultaneously determined in ternary mixtures using FT-IR and EI-MS measurements. FT-IR method is based on direct measurements of the peak height values and area centered on 1736 cm−1, 836 cm−1, 2854 cm−1 and 1050 cm−1 for aspartame, acesulfame-K, sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin, respectively. Mass spectrometry determinations show the characteristic peaks at m/z 91 and 262 for aspartame,m/z 43 and 163 acesulfame-K,m/z 83 and 97 for sodium cyclamate andm/z 104 and 183 for sodium saccharin. The results obtained by EI-MS in different formulations are in agreement with the FT-IR ones and provide also essential data concerning the purity grade of the components. It is concluded that FT-IR and EI-MS procedures developed in this work represent a fast, sensitive and low cost alternativ... | eng_Latn | 27,690 |
Method development and validation of Rupatadine fumarate and Montelukast sodium by RP- HPLC | A simple, sensitive, rapid and selective isocratic reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of Rupatadine fumarate & Montelucast Sodium from pharmaceutical dosage form using a mobile phase consisting mixture methanol: acetonitrile: buffer 40:30:30, (pH adjusted to 3.2 using ortho phosphoric acid) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. A Hypersil BDS C8, (250 mm X 4.6 mm, 5 particle diameters) column was used as stationary phase. The retention time of Rupatadine Fumarate and Montelucast Sodium was 3.97 min. and 2.79 min. respectively. The eluent were detected at 270 nm. The proposed method is precise, accurate, selective and rapid for the simultaneous determination of Rupatadine Fumarate & Montelucast Sodium. | The invention relates to a process for the recovery of raw materials in the aspartame preparation process from aqueous process streams also containing dissolved salt wherein the aqueous process streams each separately, or in combination with one or more other of these flows, is subjected to nanofiltration with the aid of a membrane, and then the thereby obtained in the retentate contained raw materials in a known manner, recovered or the retentate without further processing is returned to the aspartame preparation process. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out such a method. | eng_Latn | 27,691 |
Inhibitory activity of nm23-H1 on invasion and colonization of human prostate carcinoma cells is not mediated by its NDP kinase activity. | The human nm23-H1 gene product, a putative metastasis suppressor, was identified as nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) A isoform. To investigate the functional effect of nm23-H1's NDPK activity on its suppression of the components of metastatic phenotype, we transfected a human prostate carcinoma cell line, DU145, with the cDNA encoding nm23-H1 mutant protein lacking NDPK activity. The mutant nm23-H1 transfected cell lines displayed decreased invasiveness and colonization in soft agar as the wild-type nm23-H1 transfectants did when compared with the control transfected line. The results suggest that the metastasis suppressing function of nm23-H1 is independent of the NDPK enzymatic activity. | In order to find theory to optimize the processing, changing characteristics of lipid during processing of modern dry-cured Jinhua ham were studied. Biceps femoris from the stages, i.e. pro-curing, curing, drying, middle aging, end of aging, maturation-1, maturation-2, maturation-3 and post aging, were used as samples to determinate lipase activity, phospholipase activity, acid value the TBA value. Results showed that the lipase activity decreased continuously in the whole processing, and the rate of lipid-enzyme activity's decrease before the maturation-1 stage was quicker than after the maturation-1 stage. The acid value increased from 1.695 mg KOH/g in the pro-cured stage to 4.623 mg KOH/g in the post aging stage. However, the TBA value rose at first, reached its highest value in the drying stage, and then the value decreased, but not obviously. According to the processing of normal dry-cured Jinhua ham, the changes of parameters are not clear, but the time of processing descends. | eng_Latn | 27,692 |
Studies in dogs and cats dosed with trimethoprim and sulphadiazine | Serum level studies in cats and dogs dosed with 30 mg per kg per day of either oral or injectable formulations of a 1:5 trimethoprim/sulphadiazine combination showed good absorption by both routes of administration. Toxicity tests with the products demonstrated a high margin of safety in dogs given this dose level; the margin of safety in cats was lower but still adequate. The high success rate in clinical trials against a wide range of bacterial infections confirmed the predictions from the serum level results that a dose rate of 30 mg per kg per day orally or parentally, would be therapeutically efficacious in both species. | Abstract The reduction of methyl-coenzyme M (CH3SCoM) to methane in methanogenic bacteria is dependent on component B (N-7-mercaptoheptanoyl-O-phospho-L-threonine, HSHTP). We report here that S-methyl-component B (N-7-(methylthio)heptanoyl-O-phospho-L-threonine, CH3SHTP) can substitute for neither CH3SCoM nor HSHTP in the methyl-CoM reductase reaction. Rather, CH3SHTP proved to be an inhibitor competitive with HSHTP (apparent Ki=6 μM) and noncompetitive with CH3SCoM. These results make it very unlikely that HSHTP functions as a methyl group carrier. A role for HSHTP as direct electron donor for CH3SCoM reduction to CH4is proposed. | eng_Latn | 27,693 |
Efficient Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfoximines from N‐Propargylsulfinamides through Sulfur–Carbon Bond Formation | Cyclic sulfoximines were readily synthesized by the cyclization of N-propargylsulfinamides without using the expensive and toxic metal catalyst. This cyclization proceeded without loss of optical purity of chiral sulfinamides via the unusual sulfur-carbon bond formation promoted by an inexpensive inorganic base. This stereospecific cyclization offers a general approach to the asymmetric synthesis of chiral cyclic sulfoximines as an emerging heterocycle in medicinal chemistry. | Dymanic quantitative activity determination and accurate scintigraphic localization of parasternal lymph nodes were obtained from antero-posterior measurements with a scintillation camera. The scintigraphic observations were compared with microscopy of the nodes removed at operation. The 99Tcm-sulphur colloid indicated a high frequency (7/16) of absent uptake in normal lymph nodes. However, the technique used indicates that a similar technique with smaller particle size may be a useful method for proper classification of the clinical stage of carcinoma of the breast. | eng_Latn | 27,694 |
Biological effects of /sup 224/Ra. Benefit and risk of therapeutic application | The Second Symposium on the Biological Effects of /sup 224/Ra, held at Neuherberg, was focused on two topical aspects of radiation protection. One aspect was the long-term effects of high-LET ionizing radiation on man and the quantitative data involved in risk assessment at low doses. The evaluation of epidemiological studies and experimental research was discussed in order to provide facts and figures contributing to an objective assessment of the radiation hazard from incorporated radionuclides. The other aspect was that of radiation protection in medicine. In the case of /sup 224/Ra treatment of ankylosing spondylitis the questions of benefit and risk of this therapeutic use of ionizing radiations were discussed, the aim being to achieve the therapeutic effect while reducing radiation exposure--and therefore the hazard-- to a minimum. The proceedings contain the complete texts of 23 papers as well as the final round table discussions. | Object In order to identify the resources of official and unofficial plants in Rheum L.at molecular level, a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed. Methods The amplification program of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was optimized. Arbitrary decamer primers of 121 based on the individual selecting method, and 64 based on the BSA method were screened. Results Four primers among all screened primers were found to be useful to amplify specific strips to the official plants of Rheum L. Conclusion This method is reliable, accurate, quick and reproducible for authenticating the official and unofficial plants of Rheum L. at molecular level. Moreover, the experiment results indicate that it is more effective to screen the primers using BSA method than using individual selecting method. | eng_Latn | 27,695 |
Amphibian embryo protease inhibitors IV. Studies on an inhibitor of chymotrypsin and papain | Abstract Amphibian embryo chymotrypsin and papain inhibitor (ACPI) purified by the procedure described in this paper produces a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis and a single peak on Sephadex G-75 chromatography. Except for its enzyme specificity, ACPI is very similar to amphibian embryo trypsin inhibitor (ATI). Its molecular weight is about 10,500 and its amino acid composition is typical of many naturally occurring protease inhibitors. Inhibition develops slowly, is retarded by the presence of substrate and is temporary. ACPI is localized in the yolk platelets and its disappearance both from whole embryos and from select tissue types corresponds closely with that of ATI. Possible roles for amphibian embryo proteases and protease inhibitors in development are discussed. | The present invention relates to vectors useful for the administration of active principles (PA), preferably medicinal or nutritional, especially orally or parenterally. The technical problem solved by the invention is that consisting in the supply of vectors formed by (nano) or (micro) particles based on polyamino acids, and which are inert with respect to PA (proteins), of controllable granulometry, resistant and economical. The invention has an average particle size of less than 200 mum and consists of a polyamino acid of the Leu / Glu type, in which Leu / Glu + Leu> = 20% and Mw> = 10,000 D. | eng_Latn | 27,696 |
Studies on the Thermal Decomposition Kinetic of an Nitrate Ester | The certain nitrate ester explosive has been tested by TG at the heating rates of 10, 15, 20, 25K•min-1. Basing on the TG experiment results the thermal decomposition activation energy has been calculated by the methods of Ozawa, KAS and iteration. And the thermal decomposition mechanism function of the explosive with 38 kinds of dynamic function was deduced by the method of integration. The results show that the thermal decomposition mechanism of the nitrate ester is chemical reaction mechanism. The thermal decomposition kinetic parameters such as average activation energy Ea and pre-exponential factor A are 133.23×103 J•mol-1 and 3.191×107 s-1 respectively. | SummaryThe metabolism of betahistine, demethylbetahistine and 2-(2-hydroxy-ethyl) pyridine in the rabbit leads to the urinary excretion of acidic metabolities, including 2-pyridylacetate, which is excreted in part as N-2-pyridylacetylglycine. Other unidentified Koenig-positive compounds were in the acidic fraction. | eng_Latn | 27,697 |
Synthesis of peptide inhibitors of the collagenase from Achromobacter iophagus. | Several new peptides of the general structure Pro-Leu-X-Pro have been synthesized, by the well-known procedures with proline in L- or D-form and with either glycine or sarcosine in the position of X-. These peptides act as competitive inhibitors of collagenase from Achromobacter iophagus. | OBJECTIVE: To establish HPLC fingerprint of Compound danshen tablets.METHODS: The separation was performed on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm) column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.04% phosphate (gradient elution) at flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.Detection wavelength was set at 272 nm and column temperature was 30℃.RESULTS: Established HPLC fingerprint was distinct and reproducible.There were 8 characteristic peaks among which No.5 characteristic peaks,No.6,No.7,No.8 came from HPLC fingerprint of Salvia miltiorrhiza and No.1 characteristic peaks,No.2,No.3,No.4 came from HPLC fingerprint of Panax notoginseng.CONCLUSION: The characteristic peaks of effective parts of Compound danshen tablet mainly come from S.miltiorrhiza.The study can be used for tracing and isolation of effective part of Compound danshen tablet and establishes basis for the further development of Chinese patent drugs. | eng_Latn | 27,698 |
Tris(3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylato-κ2 N 1,O)diaquaerbium(III) tetrahydrate | The water-coordinated ErIII atom in the title compound, [Er(C5H4N3O2)3(H2O)2]·4H2O, is N,O-chelated by three 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylate ions and has a square-antiprismatic geometry. The mononuclear molecule interacts with the solvent water molecules to generate a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network. | The toxic solution used at the Tokyo Subway Sarin Incident was purified by vacuum distillation. We were thus able to obtain sarin with high purity. We conducted a quantitative analysis of sarin using 31P-NMR spectrometry. High-purity sarin was examined by trimethyl phosphate as an internal standard. In comparison with 1H nondecoupling, the relative intensity between sarin and the internal standard did not change in 1H decoupling. Trimethyl phosphate is a good internal standard substance. A 31P-NMR chemical shift of trimethyl phosphate is separate from those of sarin and related compounds. Trimethyl phosphate has one phosphorus atom in the molecule, as does sarin. Since it is advantageous in the conversion of quantitative value, the molecular weight of trimethyl phosphate (m.w. 140.08) is close to that of sarin (m.w. 140.09). By using trimethyl phosphate as an internal standard, it is possible to conduct a quantitative analysis of sarin through 1H decoupled 31P-NMR spectrometry. | eng_Latn | 27,699 |
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