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Liquid crystals as high repetition rate targets for ultra intense laser systems | Liquid crystal film targets are presented with on-demand thickness control for use in experiments such as laser ion acceleration, where thickness manipulation is critical. Variation from 10 nm to 10 μm with a positional reproducibility better than 2 μm and repetition rate exceeding 0.3 Hz. | Abstract A computer-controlled mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of urine, blood and gastric aspirate from 21 drug overdose patients and urine from 15 heroin/morphine addicts, using a direct sample extract introduction into the MS via a membrane separator, is described. The Llewellyn 3 stage membrane separator inlet system allows rapid mass spectrometric analysis, eliminating time-consuming gas chromatographic separation or derivatization of the sample. A computer is used to identify the drugs or drug metabolites according to their fractionation pattern. Normal body fluid components do not interfere significantly. The sensitivity limit of the system is 0.5 mg/100 ml. The total analysis time including the sample work-up is 10 min. | eng_Latn | 27,700 |
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON PRODUCTION OF BIOGENIC AMINES IN PORK, BEEF, AND POULTRY AND THEIR HPLC DETERMINATION AFTER POSTCOLUMN DERIVATIZATION | The main biogenic amines in foods are histamine, tryptamin, cadaverin, putrescin, spermin, and spermidin. The samples of pork, beef, and poultry were extracted with 0.6 mol · l−1 perchloric acid and extract was filtered. Histamine, cadaverine, putrescine, and tyramine were determined by reverse-phase HPLC using a C18 stationary phase column. Acetate buffer with water (pH 4.5) and acetate buffer with acetonitrile (45/55 v/v) was used as a mobile phase, the flow-rate was 1 mL · min−1. The post column derivatization technique with OPT buffer (phthaldialdehyde buffer) as derivatization agent and the fluorescence detector at 330 nm and 465 nm as excitation and emission wavelengths was used. Limit of detection for biogenic amines was 0.2 mg · kg−1 and limit of quantification was 0.5 mg · kg−1. The method was useful over a wide concentration range of biogenic amines. The concentrations from 0.5 to 1 000 mg · kg−1 of histamine, tyramine, putrescine, and cadaverine in pork, beef, and poultry could be detected easi... | Abstract A novel approach in simultaneous extraction of two basic dyes, malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution was performed by using a batch reactor consisting a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM). The PIM is made up of poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) as the base polymer, bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (B2EHP) as an extractant and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as the plasticizer. The optimized extraction conditions for both dyes were identified by varying the composition of the PIM. It was found that the optimum PIM composition for simultaneous extraction was PIM with a composition of PVC 35% wt% (m/m): B2EHP 60% wt% (m/m): DOP 5% wt% (m/m). It shows that the average percent extraction efficiency achieved is more than 97% for the mixture of MG and MB (100 mg L−1) within 4 h of extraction process. The batch reactor consisting PIM prepared in this study is highly capable in performing simultaneous extraction of MG and MB in an aqueous solution. | yue_Hant | 27,701 |
Pilot-Based Coding Scheme for Parametric Stereo in Enhanced aacPlus | We propose a pilot-based coding (PBC) scheme for lossless bit rate reduction of parametric stereo (PS) in enhanced aacPlus. It uses PBC in addition to the existing frequency and time differential coding to encode and decode PS parameter indexes. We also design optimal Huffman codebooks (HCBs) for PBC in the proposed scheme. Experiments show that the proposed scheme is superior to the original coding scheme, where both the new coding structure and the optimal HCBs contribute to the bit rate reduction. | A mathematical model describing the behavior of elution peaks in preparative liquid chromatography for multicomponent separation has been solved numerically with the application of the perturbation and modified collocation methods. With application of such a collocation method on the time and axial domains, the governing equations are transformed into a set of recursive, algebraic equations that can be solved efficiently. The simulation results excellently match the reported experimental elution profiles resulting from the separation of a binary mixture of dipeptides on a reversed phase column in the literature. The results from the binary system can be extrapolated to multicomponent separation. For a given system of stationary and mobile phases, the model simulation predicts that the sample volume, concentrations of solutes in the sample, flow velocity, and particle diameter influence the performance of the elution peaks considerably. When samples having a given composition are chromatographied on a prep... | eng_Latn | 27,702 |
Photochemical Coloring Reaction of Sake | Coloring reaction of sake caused by exposure to sun-light was investigated. There is one of the coloring reactions in which deferri-ferrichrysin participate. The reaction was named Reaction I.Deferri-ferrichrysin, tyrosine, Mn2+ and unknown nitrogenous compound named conveniently compound X were essential for Reaction I and citric acid was stimulative.Compound X was purified by using Amberlite IR 120 (H type) column, active carbon column, silicic acid column and alumina column, and crystallized from methanol-water (1 : 1).The crystals decomposed at 288~290°C. The ultraviolet and infrared spectra of the compound X were essentially identical with those of authentic kynurenic acid.From these results the compound X was identified as kynurenic acid.Since kynurenic acid alone did not cause the color development and riboflavin could be substituted for kynurenic acid in Reaction I, kynurenic acid may act as photosensitizer in Reaction I. | This paper describes a simple and more sensitive reversed-phase HPLC method for the quantification of phenol, 4-nitrophenol and beta-naphthol and some of their glucuronide and sulphate conjugates in aqueous solution and liver perfusate buffer. Methanol-water mobile phases with ion-pairing agents for each phenolic group are detailed. The assay showed good recovery, accuracy and precision and is suitable for the quantification of these phenolic compounds in liver perfusion experiments. | eng_Latn | 27,703 |
4-(1-benzoylindol-3-yl)butyric acids and FK143: novel nonsteroidal inhibitors of steroid 5 alpha-reductase (II). | A novel series of indolebutyric acids with varying benzoyl substituents were synthesized to develop nonsteroidal inhibitors of steroid 5 alpha-reductase. We previously reported the discovery of a novel nonsteroidal 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, FR119680, which had an IC50 value of 5.0 nM against the rat prostatic enzyme. However, this compound was not strongly active against the human prostatic enzyme. By further study of the structure-activity relationships we succeeded in producing the strongly active compound, FK143, 4-[3-[3-[bis(4-isobutylphenyl)-methylamino]benzoyl]-1H-indol-1-yl] butyric acid, with an IC50 value of 1.9 nM against the human enzyme. FK143 also has in vivo inhibitory activity against the castrated young rat model and it should therefore be an extremely useful agent for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. | Enantioseparation of salbutamol solute was carried out in liquid-supported membrane by using a polyvinylidene fluoride hollow-fiber module. The enantioselective transport of solute was facilitated by combinatorial chiral selectors, which were dissolved in toluene organic solvent. The effects of molar concentration ratios of salbutamol to combinatorial chiral selectors, and the pH value of buffer solution on enantioseparation were investigated. The results show that when the molar concentration ratio is 2:1:1, the maximum separation factor and enantiomer excess are 1.49 and 19.74%, respectively, and the R-enantiomer flux is more than S-enantiomer; the pH value of buffer solution influences the performances of enantioseparartion obviously, and the appropriate range of pH value is 7.0–7.2. | eng_Latn | 27,704 |
Inhibitory effect of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid from Eriobotrya fragrans on A549 cell viability in vivo | Loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Lindl.)] is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used as an anti-inflammatory and for curing chronic bronchitis among other potential applications. Extracted ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) from wild loquat were previously found capable of suppressing the proliferation of A549 cells in vitro. In the current study, nude mice were used to determine the inhibitory effect of UA and OA on tumor formation in vivo. The results demonstrate that UA and OA reduced the proliferation of A549 cells in nude mice, and increased the expression of Bid while decreasing the protein levels of MMP-2, Ki-67, and CD34. In this study, we identified potential antitumor activity in a wild loquat extract containing UA and OA, which demonstrates that | The degradation products of diclofenac in aqueous dosage form in accelerated storage conditions were characterized by electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Liquid chromatography (LC)-MS analyses revealed the presence of three degradation products. ESI-MS(n) spectra were used to study diclofenac fragmentation in detail and to characterize the structures of degradation products. A previously described degradation product, formed by a cyclization reaction of diclofenac producing the indolinone derivative, was found. As any hydroxylated product was found, no oxidation seems to occur in the dosage form used. On the contrary, two degradates have been detected and identified, leading to a primary alcohol structure or an aldehyde function in place of the acetate group of diclofenac. | eng_Latn | 27,705 |
Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of urinary ethylenethiourea in humans | Abstract Ethylenethiourea (ETU) is a major metabolite of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate pesticides: a sensitive and specific assay for its determination in human urine is proposed below. ETU is extracted on a diatomaceous earth column using dichloromethane and derivatized with the mixture of N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide and tert-butyldimethyilsilyl chloride. The derivative is analyzed using GC/MS in the EI/SIM mode. The whole procedure is carried out in the presence of ethylenethiourea-d4 as internal standard. The analytical features of the method are: high specificity, >90% recovery, range of linearity 0–200 μg/L, within- and between-run precision as coefficient of variation, | Abstract During the past two decades, the use of immobilized glucose isomerase for the production of high-fructose corn syrup has evolved into a highly optimized industrial process. The desire for higher process temperatures has stimulated the screening of extreme thermophilic organisms for more thermostable glucose isomerases; protein engineering techniques have also been successfully used to develop more thermostable enzymes. | eng_Latn | 27,706 |
Biochemistry of Halogenated Aldehydes and Ketones | The susceptibility of a halogen situated at the α position of an aldehyde or ketone to nucleophilic displacement plays a central role in much of the biochemical behavior of these compounds. Examples to be reviewed in this chapter include the reaction of α-chloro- and α-bromoaldehydes with nucleic acid components and the use of α-halocarbonyl compounds as affinity labels. The presence of halogen also affects the chemistry of the neighboring carbonyl group, making the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic, an effect especially pronounced with α-fluorine substitution. This has been used to advantage in the design of several transition state analogue enzyme inhibitors, based on the ready formation of tetrahedral intermediates from such halogen-substituted analogues. | The study, developed on a series of patients - both women and men - of various ages, suffering from non- ::: alcoholic and alcoholic hepatic steatosis, was devoted to the activity of some enzymes, bearing important implications in ::: the evaluation of the health condition of the hepatic tissue, such as alanine- and aspartate-aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl- ::: transferase and alkaline phosphatase. The results obtained evidence significant differences both between men and women, ::: and between the categories of age under study, in most cases the values recorded being distinctly higher than the ::: reference interval viewed as physiologically normal. | eng_Latn | 27,707 |
Voltammetric studies of anthraquinone dyes adsorbed at a hanging mercury drop electrode using fast pulse techniques | Abstract Square wave voltammetric studies, involving adsorptive stripping methodology, of anthraquinone-based reactive dyes and of a typical anthraquinone dye Alizarin Red S are reported. The reduction of their anthraquinone moiety is reversible and fast and the sensitivity of these determinations can be improved if current sampling is made earlier after the pulse application. In order to try to modify the rate of the electrochemical process at the electrode, two approaches have been tested: the effect of adding surfactants and the influence of supporting electrolyte concentration. In both cases, a change in the results obtained is observed, owing, in the first case, to the modification of the electrode surface, and, in the second, to the importance of the resistance of the solution. | Up to 7% of pesticide products in the European market are illegal, counterfeit or of poor quality. As a result, regulatory authorities are required to determine a wide variety of impurities in many different pesticide formulations. A simple, rapid and exceptionally reliable LC-MS-MS method for the determination of carbendazim residual quantities in sulphur formulations, used in organic agriculture, has been developed and validated. Linearity of response was established (R (2) = 0.9997) over a wide range of concentrations (0.01-2 microg/mL). Recovery ranged from 94% to 101%. LOD and LOQ were 0.003 microg/mL and 0.005 microg/mL, respectively, and lack of interference was confirmed. | eng_Latn | 27,708 |
Room temperature quick drying phenolic antirust paint prepared by phenolic industrial waste residue | A large number of industrial waste residues will be generated in the production of phenol. The serious environmental pollution will be caused when the waste is discharged into the natural environment. The modified phenolic resin and room temperature quick drying phenolic antirust paint were made by waste residue in order to solve pollution. The technologies of the modified phenolic resin and phenolic antirust paint were studied. The principle of polymerization was described. Polymerization temperature, acid value and mixed metal oxides level were studied. The best comprehensive properties of the phenolic antirust paint were showed when polymerization temperature was 220～230 ℃, the polymerization time was 6～8 hours and dosage of mixed metal oxides was 0.6 % | OBJECTIVE To develop a sensitive and reliable method for the quantification of pharmacokinetic study of Rg1,Re,Rb1 and Rd in rat plasma and to study their pharmacokinetic characteristics in rat.METHODS The concentrations of Rg1,Re,Rb1 and Rd in rat plasma were determined by a HPLC-MS/MS method after oral administration of total ginsenosides.The pharmacokinetic data were analyzed by DAS 2.0 software.RESULTS The analytes were determined by electrospray positive ionization mass spectrometry in the MRM mode.The standard curves for R1,Re,Rb1 and Rd were linear over the concentration range of 2-1 000,2-1 000,1-1 000 and 1.6-1 000 μg·L-1 respectively.The lower limits of quantification were 2,1,2 and 1.6 μg·L-1 for R1,Re,Rb1 and Rd respectively.The precisions,the accuracy and the stability all met the requirements for all analytes.CONCLUSION The method was sensitive,accurate,rapid and can be applied to determine the plasma concentration of Ginsenoside Rg1,Re,Rb1 and Rd. | eng_Latn | 27,709 |
Volumetric properties of (4-methylphenol + NaOH) at high temperatures | The densities of aqueous solutions of 4-methylphenol and its mixtures with sodium hydroxide were measured as a function of concentration at T ¼ 298 K at atmospheric pressure, and between the temperatures 373 K and 463 K at a pressure of 2 MPa. The partial molar volume at infinite dilution of 4-methylphenol (HCRES) and its sodium salt (NaCRES) were determined by the application of the Pitzer ion-interaction treatment to the solutions neglecting high order terms. The reported values of partial molar volume of 4-methylphenol are in good agreement with literature data. 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | A method for the analysis of benzoic acid and salicylic acid mixtures is presented. The procedure is based upon the differential titration of the acids in dimethyl form-amide as solvent with sodium methoxide as titrant. Ointments containing the acid mixture are analyzed. Quantitative results are reported. | eng_Latn | 27,710 |
Melamine Trisulfonic Acid: A New Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Aryldithienylmethanes | Abstract An efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of dithienylmethanes via bisarylation of aldehydes with thiophene in the presence of melamine trisulfonic acid as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions. | We established a simple, sensitive, and reproducible method to analyze the histamine and tyramine levels in Japanese soy sauce and its mash (called moromi) using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC–MS/MS). Histamine and tyramine quantification was performed using their stable isotopes for electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The sample pretreatment process was a simple, one-step liquid–liquid extraction. HILIC separation was performed with a gradient elution of aqueous ammonium formate and acetonitrile. Because of validation tests, the linearity, the accuracies, and precisions were sufficient. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were 0.09 and 0.29 ppm for histamine and 0.13 and 0.42 ppm for tyramine, respectively. We successfully applied this method to histamine and tyramine determination in four kinds of commercial Japanese soy sauces and also in moromi samples during soy sauce production. | eng_Latn | 27,711 |
Simultaneous Determination of Trace Metals in Milk Powder by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry | Simultaneous determination of cadmium, lead, manganese, copper, and zinc in milk powder by atomic absorption spectrophotometry was investigated. The decomposition of milk powder was carried out with nitric, sulfuric and perchloric acid. By extracting the metals from the decomposed solution with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate-methyl isobuthyl ketone in pH 4 to 6, these metals were found to be determined with high accuracy, partly because the relation. between the concentration of metals in that solvent and the absorbance of spectrophotometry was admitted to be linear in wide range. The contents of these five metals in commercial milk powder were investigated by this method and following results were obtained; cadmium, 0-0.03ppm; lead, 0.1-0.5ppm; manganese, 0.1-0.4ppm; copper, 0.3-1.2ppm; and zinc, 6.3-12.4ppm. | To the Editor: —In employing a new test for proteins in urine, advocated and described by Exton (The Journal, Feb. 24, 1923, p. 529), my attention was attracted, while adding a specimen of urine to an equal volume of the sulphosalicylic acid solution in a test tube, to the dense precipitate of albumin formed at the line of contact between the two liquids. The specimen and reagent were not intentionally layered—for one was poured, not pipetted, on the other—but, owing to the much greater specific gravity of the latter, coagulation of the protein, which was instantaneous, occurred before agitation and mixing could be effected. The albuminous ring thus produced seems to be identical with that of Heller's nitric acid test. In the original technic, thorough mixing of reagent and specimen is directed, and final reading of the reaction is based on the general appearance of the mixture, or its optical | eng_Latn | 27,712 |
Crystal Structure, Electronic Structure, and Optical and Photoluminescence Properties of Eu(III) Ion‐Doped Lu6Mo(W)O12. | Eu3+-doped Lu6WO12 and Lu6MoO12 obtained by a citrate complexation route followed by calcination are characterized by SEM, powder XRD, UV/VIS diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy, and by DFT calculations. | Abstract Analysis of products derived from 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase-leukotriene pathway showed that this fatty acid is readily converted to leukotriene (LT)A3. When 10,000 X g supernatant from rat basophilic leukemia cell homogenates was incubated with 30 microM fatty acid, 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid produced 6.2 +/- 1.1 nmol of LTA3 and arachidonic acid 15.5 +/- 1.9 nmol of LTA4 (n = 4). However, only insignificant amounts of LTB3 were formed (0.15 +/- 0.04 nmol of LTB3 and 4.2 +/- 0.4 nmol of LTB4, n = 4). These data indicate that the LTA-hydrolase requires not only the three double bonds of the triene but also the double bond at C-14 to efficiently convert LTA to LTB. These findings have significant implications for essential fatty acid deficiency. | eng_Latn | 27,713 |
Effect of a Cetane Number (CN) Improver on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Compression-Ignition (CI) Engine Fueled with an Ethanol−Diesel Blend | Ethanol−diesel blended fuel has the potential to reduce diesel engine exhaust smoke and particulate emission as well as partially solve the energy crisis. However, with the increase of the ethanol fraction of the blends, the engine combustion will be affected significantly because of the change of fuel properties, especially the ignition delay (τig). Generally, a cetane number (CN) improver should be added to improve the engine combustion. In this study, E30 (30 vol % of ethanol in the blend) was prepared. A CN improver was added at 0, 0.3, and 0.6% (in volume), respectively. With a two-cylinder diesel engine, the effects of a CN improver on the engine combustion and emissions were investigated. Experimental results show that, in comparison to the diesel engine, the brake thermal efficiency of the E30 engine is improved, the τig is prolonged, while the total combustion duration becomes shorter. With the increase of the CN improver fraction, the brake thermal efficiency, diffusive combustion phase, and tot... | Abstract Some unexpected promiscuous inhibitors were observed in a virtual screening protocol applied to select cruzain inhibitors from the ZINC database. Physical–chemical and pharmacophore model filters were used to reduce the database size. The selected compounds were docked into the cruzain active site. Six hit compounds were tested as inhibitors. Although the compounds were designed to be nucleophilically attacked by the catalytic cysteine of cruzain, three of them showed typical promiscuous behavior, revealing that false positives are a prevalent concern in VS programs. | eng_Latn | 27,714 |
Microwave prompted multigram synthesis, structural determination, and photo-antiproliferative activity of fluorinated 4-hydroxyquinolinones. | 3-Unsubstituted 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one containing F and CF(3) substituent in ring is important pharmacological and synthetic target and basic synthones for a number of antibacterial fluoroquinolones and is promising potent and selective glycine site NMDA receptors. A simple facile one-step microwave enhanced multigram synthesis of such fluorinated quinolones in reasonable purity has been developed in excellent yield (85-94%) in 3-5 min, whereas conventional synthesis required the harsh conditions, long reaction period with use of environmentally unacceptable regents giving the required product in lower yield. The phototoxicity as well as the cytotoxic activities of the title compounds are evaluated against leukemia- and adenocarcinoma-derived cell lines in comparison to the normal human keratinocytes. Structure-activity relationships between the chemical structures and the antimycobacterial, antifungal activity of the evaluated compounds are also discussed. | The toxic solution used at the Tokyo Subway Sarin Incident was purified by vacuum distillation. We were thus able to obtain sarin with high purity. We conducted a quantitative analysis of sarin using 31P-NMR spectrometry. High-purity sarin was examined by trimethyl phosphate as an internal standard. In comparison with 1H nondecoupling, the relative intensity between sarin and the internal standard did not change in 1H decoupling. Trimethyl phosphate is a good internal standard substance. A 31P-NMR chemical shift of trimethyl phosphate is separate from those of sarin and related compounds. Trimethyl phosphate has one phosphorus atom in the molecule, as does sarin. Since it is advantageous in the conversion of quantitative value, the molecular weight of trimethyl phosphate (m.w. 140.08) is close to that of sarin (m.w. 140.09). By using trimethyl phosphate as an internal standard, it is possible to conduct a quantitative analysis of sarin through 1H decoupled 31P-NMR spectrometry. | eng_Latn | 27,715 |
Gas chromatographic determination of C1–C5 low-molecular-weight organic acids in alkaline permanganate oxidation products of humic substances | Abstract A micro-scale quantitative method for low-molecular-weight monocarboxylic (C 1 –C 4 ) and dicarboxylic (C 2 –C 5 ) acids in permanganate oxidation products of humic substances (kerogen) was established. The oxidation products were butylated by n -butanol in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid in a small (1-ml) glass tube. The butyl esters were extracted with 400 μl n -hexane and then determined by capillary gas chromatography. The relative standard deviation for the analysis of formic, acetic and C 2 –C 5 dicarboxylic acids from an humic substance (kerogen) was less than 14%. | The present invention relates to a cathode electrode comprising at least one support member. At least one active material to the support have been applied or deposited, the active material is lithium manganese oxide of spinel structure with consisting spinel structure lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide is not a (NMC) ( contains a mixture having the LMO). The present invention also includes a cathode electrode, relates to an electrochemical cell having a separator comprising a ceramic material of at least one porous. | eng_Latn | 27,716 |
The Synthesis of Metal-Free Phthalocyanines from Phthalonitriles with Hexamethyldisilazane | Metal-free phthalocyanines were prepared in good yields by heating phthalonitriles with hexamethyldisilazane, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , and DMF. Good yields of metal-free phthalocyanines involving peripherally substituted phthalocyanines were attained with a catalytic amount of hexamethyldisilazane. Naphthalocyamine was also prepared. Additional additives were examined to accelerate the formation of the phthalocyanine framework. | OBJECTIVE: To establish HPLC fingerprint of Compound danshen tablets.METHODS: The separation was performed on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm) column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.04% phosphate (gradient elution) at flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.Detection wavelength was set at 272 nm and column temperature was 30℃.RESULTS: Established HPLC fingerprint was distinct and reproducible.There were 8 characteristic peaks among which No.5 characteristic peaks,No.6,No.7,No.8 came from HPLC fingerprint of Salvia miltiorrhiza and No.1 characteristic peaks,No.2,No.3,No.4 came from HPLC fingerprint of Panax notoginseng.CONCLUSION: The characteristic peaks of effective parts of Compound danshen tablet mainly come from S.miltiorrhiza.The study can be used for tracing and isolation of effective part of Compound danshen tablet and establishes basis for the further development of Chinese patent drugs. | eng_Latn | 27,717 |
Hard coatings on aluminium alloy surfaces produced using microplasma oxidation | AbstractThe present paper reports on the production of oxide coatings on an aluminium alloy by microplasma oxidation and on their properties. The surface characteristics of the coatings were determined by surface and structural analytical techniques, i.e. SEM and X-ray diffraction. Thermo-analysis of the coatings was evaluated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses. It was ascertained that the coatings with a mixture of crystallised γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 have significant microhardness, good electric resistance and good thermostability. | This study investigated the acute antioxidative effects of multiscale nano-SiO_2 in organ of specific pathogen free(SPF) mice of the ICR strain.The mice were randomly divided into five groups and were intravenously injected with a multiscale nano-SiO_2 suspension except for the control group.After 72 h observation,all the mice were killed and their liver,kidney and spleen extracts were measured for total protein(TP),superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)and malondialdehyde(MDA).The results show that 20.3 nm SiO_2 has the most toxic effect to mice,followed by 49.8 nm and 80.0 nm SiO_2.The 800.0 nm SiO_2 has the weakest toxicity.This finding fully illustrates the scale effect of nano-scale particles.Statistical analysis shows that oxidative damage can possibly occur in liver(P(0.01).) MDA is the most sensitive indicators in antioxidant enzyme system.The difference is very obvious(P(0.01),)but other indexes don't perform their significant difference(P0.05). | eng_Latn | 27,718 |
Efficiency of Thermally Assisted Capacitive Mixing and Deionization Systems | The temperature of an input solution to an environmental technology can vary greatly depending on numerous industrial and environmental factors. For capacitive mixing (CapMix) and deionization (CDI) based technologies which rely on charge storage within an electric double layer (EDL), this temperature dependence affects energy output and energy consumption. Yet, how temperature-dependent EDL properties impact the thermodynamic efficiency for energy conversion and ion separations is less known. Here, we evaluate how isothermal, nonisothermal and variable temperature profiles impact the thermodynamic efficiency of CDI and CapMix cycles operated under both reversible and irreversible (current dependent) conditions. For CapMix (CHC = 600 mM, CLC = 20 mM, ϕ = 50%), reversible system operation resulted in an optimal efficiency of 43% when THC ≠ TLC. For CDI (Cfeed = 20 mM, Cdiluate = 5 mM, α = 50%), optimal thermodynamic efficiencies are attained through the use of nonisothermal (Tfeed ≠ Tbrine) or variable tem... | SummaryA baby hamster kidney cell line transformed in vitro by adenovirus type 12 produced high titer T antigen. Using different tumor-bearing hamster sera in the indirect fluorescent antibody technic the resultant staining was either confined to the cytoplasm or was present also in the nucleus. Both the intranuclear T antigen and intracytoplasmic T antigen when isolated behaved similarly on hydroxylapatite columns and on starch block electrophoresis. On hydroxylapatite columns the majority of the recovered CF activity was eluted with 0.2 M salt. On starch block electrophoresis all of the recovered CF activity was present in one peak effecting a 10-fold increase in specific activity by a one-step procedure. Preparations with highest specific activity were obtained from fractions of nuclear preparations separated by starch block electrophoresis.The excellent technical assistance of Mrs. Jessie Doleman, Miss Shirley J. Hagens, Mrs. Beatrice R. O'Keefe and Mrs. Inta Ziedins is gratefully acknowledged. | eng_Latn | 27,719 |
Sonochemical lactonization of olefins with ceric ammonium nitrate and monomethyl ester of malonic acid | Abstract Lactonization of olefins with monomethyl ester of malonic acid and ceric ammonium nitrate was carried out in acetic acid and in acetonitrile under simple mechanical stirring or ultrasound irradiation. Comparative results are reported; for activated olefins a good ultrasonic acceleration was observed. | Abstract Deconvolution of time-of-flight ion currents recorded with an ion collector and cylindrical ion analyser spectra were applied to characterization of production of Auq+ ions (1 ⩽ q ⩽ 52) by focusing laser-beam intensity of 5 × 1014 W/cm2 onto a bulk target. The deconvolution of TOF spectra indicates up to eight current peaks carried by ion groups having different mean ionisation state and different energy. The nature of the laser-produced ion groups depends on the laser pulse characteristics, the focusing conditions and on the non-linear phenomena induced by the interaction of the focused laser pulse with the plasma. Comparison of recovered ion current peaks of multiplies charged Auq+ ions (1 ⩽ q ⩽ 9) produced with laser intensity of 3 × 1010 W/cm2 with reconstructed currents of single charge-states is presented. The multi-peak structure of the current of a single charge-state Iq(t) is discussed with regard to charge recombination. | eng_Latn | 27,720 |
Asymmetric Copper(I)-Catalyzed Henry Reaction with an Aminoindanol-Derived Bisoxazolidine Ligand | Bisoxazolidine 1 is an effective ligand in the Me2Zn-promoted and the Cu(I)-catalyzed Henry reaction. While a wide range of nitroaldol products are obtained in high yields and ee’s in both cases, the replacement of dimethylzinc with copper(I) acetate results in a complete reversal of the sense of asymmetric induction. The Cu(I)-catalyzed enantioselective addition of nitromethane to methyl 4-oxobutanoate followed by hydrogenation and spontaneous lactamization gives (S)-5-hydroxypiperidin-2-one in 72% overall yield and 98% ee which compares favorably with previously reported methods. | Objective Using high performance liquid chromatography to determine the content of salidroside in Shenhong Buxue Granule. Method Octadecylsilane bonded silica is used as a filler of the chromatographic column with mobile phase as Methanol-water( 15: 85) and the UV detector with detect wavelength to be 275 nm is used. Result The sample quantity have good linear relationship in the range of 0. 478 ~ 9. 560 μg,and the average recovery was 97.74%,RSD = 1. 42%. Conclusion The high performance liquid chromatography has strong specificity,good repeatability with no significant interference. So it can be used to determine the content of Shenhong Buxue Granule. | eng_Latn | 27,721 |
Synthesis of optically active 2-(tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)-4-dialkoxyphosphorylbutanoate protected isosteres of O-phosphonoserine for peptide synthesis | Synthese a partir de l'ester de methyle-4 de l'acide N-benzyloxycarbonyl aspartique via la reaction de l'O,O-dialkyl trimethylsilyl phosphonate sur le formyl-4 N-benzyloxycarbonyl alaninate de t-butyle | Abstract Exposure of the dorsal skin of hairless mice to the light of a germicidal lamp under standardized conditions produces reproducible, time-dependent increases of putrescine and spermidine concentrations, and a decrease of spermine levels, concomitant with the increase of the rate of DNa synthesis. Systemic or topical treatment of the animals with α-difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, completely prevents the uv light-induced rapid formation of putrescine, and diminishes the enhancement of polyamine turnover rates. A significant effect of the drug on the rate of DNA synthesis could not be shown. The model is suitable for the study of interrelations between polyamine metabolism and cell proliferation and for the screening of compounds designed as inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. | eng_Latn | 27,722 |
Oxidative damage of SO_2 derivatives on the mice spleen and stomach tissues protein | The contaminative of SO2 derivatives (sodium sulfite and sodium bisulfite molecular ratio of 3:1) was carried out on test mice, using abdominal cavity inject techniques; the contamination doses were 0, 0.025, 0.100, 0.400g/(kg·d) for 5 days. The oxidative damage action of SO2 derivatives on the mice spleen and stomach proteins was studied, and its molecular action mechanism was probed into. SO2 derivative treating could increase the carbonyl content of protein of mice spleen and stomach; and appeared linear correlation between the contamination dose and the carbonyl content protein with correlation coefficients of 0.899 and 0.855 (P=0.05), respectively. The increase of carbonyl content of protein expressed the order of spleen stomach. This indicated that the SO2 derivatives could cause the oxidative damage of proteins of spleen and stomach tissues of mice, and the size of the oxidative damage degree differed with different tissues. | Photocatalytic overall water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen on RuO2-loaded Sm3+-doped CeO2 was examined. Pure CeO2 showed a negligible small activity, however Sm3+ doped CeO2 with heterogeneous... | eng_Latn | 27,723 |
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF URANIUM IN THE PRESENCE OF ALKALINE EARTHS | Hok's method for U determination consists of extraction from HClO/sub 4/ solution into 8-hydroxyquinoline--CHCl/sub 3/ and absorbance measurement of the complex at 450 m mu . The effects of Ba, Sr, Ca, and Mg chlorides on Hok's method were investigated and found to be negligible. (D.L.C.) | To the Editor: —In employing a new test for proteins in urine, advocated and described by Exton (The Journal, Feb. 24, 1923, p. 529), my attention was attracted, while adding a specimen of urine to an equal volume of the sulphosalicylic acid solution in a test tube, to the dense precipitate of albumin formed at the line of contact between the two liquids. The specimen and reagent were not intentionally layered—for one was poured, not pipetted, on the other—but, owing to the much greater specific gravity of the latter, coagulation of the protein, which was instantaneous, occurred before agitation and mixing could be effected. The albuminous ring thus produced seems to be identical with that of Heller's nitric acid test. In the original technic, thorough mixing of reagent and specimen is directed, and final reading of the reaction is based on the general appearance of the mixture, or its optical | yue_Hant | 27,724 |
[Effects of substance P on the contractile response of longitudinal muscle of rat ileum to 5-HT]. | The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of substance P (SP) on the contractile response of longitudinal muscle with myenteric plexus (LM-MP) of rat ileum induced by 5-HT in vitro and to analyse its mechanism. The results were as follows: (1) Subthreshod dose of SP (5 nmol/L) potentiated the 5-HTinduced contractile response; (2) Both [D-Pro~2 D-Trp~(7,9)]-SP and atropine inhibited or blocked this potentiated effect suggesting that the effect was mediated by SP receptors; (3) This effect was not blocked by bromolysergic acid diethylamide (BOL) The results suggest that SP of subthreshold dose might modulate the effect of 5-HT, and a cholinergic mechanism might be involved in the modulation. | AbstractSalbutamol sulfate beads were prepared using anionic and cationic polysaccharides, Gelrite and chitosan, respectively. Alginate beads were also prepared for comparison. The mean diameter, porosity, and drug content of the beads were determined. The beads were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), DSC, and x-ray diffraction. The drug release from the beads was studied in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2), distilled water, and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The physical examination of the beads indicated the presence of drug crystals with no interaction between the drug and polymers. The drug release was dependent on the ionic properties of the polymers and the pH of the release media. In acidic pH, chitosan beads showed a rapid drug release, whereas a sustained drug release was obtianed from Gelrite beads. In contrast, the drug release in phosphate buffer was rapid from Gelrite, and chitosan showed a sustained drug release. The results of drug release from Gelrite were comparable to that from alginate beads... | eng_Latn | 27,725 |
Decrease of linoleic acid in serum lipids and increase of arachidonic acid in serum triglycerides after diets supplemented with n-3 fatty acids | The purpose of the present paper is to describe the changes of LA (linoleic acid) and AA (arachidonic acid) in serum lipids after diets supplemented with canned mackerel rich in EPA and DHA in 14 male patients with mild essential hypertension and 15 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia | Objective: The determination of soluble arseniic in the Liu Shen Wan and each in Chinese Medicinal Herbs, synthesis of cysteine—arsenic(Ⅲ) complex. Method: The contents of soluble arsenic have been determined with DDC-Ag method. chemosythesis of cysteine-arsenic(Ⅲ) complex. Result: Cysteine-arsenic(Ⅲ) complex were obtained. Toxicology As 2O 3 LD 50 =150 mg/kg, cysteine-arsenic(Ⅲ) complex LD 50 =650 mg/kg. Condusion: The contents of trace arsenic except of Liu Shen Wan and realagr, each one in Chinese Medicinal Herbs too contentstrace arsenic. The complex of cysteine—arsenic(Ⅲ) is sythcisized. The results of toxicooology showed that toxic of complex expressly is lower than that in As 2O 3. The results showed that cysteine antagonsim of toxic of arsenic. | eng_Latn | 27,726 |
Investigation of photographic distribution of anti-P-gp antibody PHMA02 in nude mice | Objective To investigate the photographic distribution of anti-P-gp monoclonal antibody PHMA02 in nude mice transplanted with K562/A02 cell tumor. Methods PHMA02 were prepared by hy-bridoma technique, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophorsis and Western-blot were used to analyzed its purity, fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS) was also used to determine its binding with K562 and K562/A02 cells. Nude mice were injected i.v with 125I labeled PHMA02, and were scanned on dif-ferent time by SPECT. Results The purity and binding affinity of PHMA02 were both satisfactory. On the second day from injection, radioactivity appeared in all tumor regions of the P-gp+(K562/A02) group nude mice, and intensified in the following days. Concludsion The photographic difference of PHMA02 distribu-tion between P-gp+(K562/A02) and P-gp-(K562) group could specifically distinguish the P-gp+ tumor tissue. | The present invention relates to vectors useful for the administration of active principles (PA), preferably medicinal or nutritional, especially orally or parenterally. The technical problem solved by the invention is that consisting in the supply of vectors formed by (nano) or (micro) particles based on polyamino acids, and which are inert with respect to PA (proteins), of controllable granulometry, resistant and economical. The invention has an average particle size of less than 200 mum and consists of a polyamino acid of the Leu / Glu type, in which Leu / Glu + Leu> = 20% and Mw> = 10,000 D. | eng_Latn | 27,727 |
Nicotinates as derivatives for the mass spectrometric investigation of long chain alcohols | The mass spectra of the nicotinates of two methyl branched and one unsaturated long chain alcohol were compared with the mass spectra of the underivatized alcohols and of their trimethylsilyl ethers. It is shown that the structure of the chain is much more clearly shown by the spectra of the nicotinates than in the other spectra. | FIELD: biochemistry. SUBSTANCE: method involves preparing a mixture of free reagent with nucleic acids. Each nucleic acid is bound with the first reagent. Then interaction of the mixture with free reagent is carried out and reaction products are separated by capability of free reagent to change its properties. Invention can be used for identification of compounds, in part, nucleic acids. EFFECT: improved method of identification. 23 cl, 15 dwg, 1 tbl | eng_Latn | 27,728 |
Urinary copper excretion and hepatic copper concentrations in liver disease. | Urinary copper excretion was found to be increased in patients with cholestasis, hepatitis and cirrhosis, but the penicillamine-induced increment was normal. Wilson's disease patients had increased copper excretion before and after penicillamine, especially in untreated cases. Hepatic copper concentrations correlated with urinary copper excretion in cholestasis and treated Wilson's disease, but not in hepatitis or cirrhosis. In treated Wilson's disease, measurement of urinary copper excretion should be valuable in estimating the degree of removal of copper from the body during therapy. Urinary copper clearances were raised in various liver conditions, maximally in untreated Wilson's disease. It is suggested that only part of the serum non-caeruloplasmin copper is available for excretion into urine. | Publisher Summary This chapter describes the optical properties of cytochromes from beef heart mitochondria, submitochondrial vesicles, and derived preparations. A table in the chapter summarizes the optical data of cytochrome c oxidase and the components cytochromes b and c 1 from complex III at room temperature and at about 77°K. The data for cytochrome c oxidase and cytochrome c l were collected for the highly purified enzyme, whereas those for cytochrome b were determined in complex III. The absorbance coefficients of the mitochondrial cytochromes, calculated from pyridine hemochrome spectra and iron determinations, are mostly slightly lower than those from the titrations. These differences are probably because of the instability of reduced pyridine hemochromes or to the presence of iron contaminations in the preparations. Therefore, it is justified to consider as the more accurate absorbance coefficients those determined from titrations. | eng_Latn | 27,729 |
Synthese de formaldehyde tritie a haute activite specifique en vue du marquage des proteines | In order to label proteins with tritium in high specific activity, we synthesized 3H-formaldehyde with a specific activity of about 15 Ci/mmol (555 GBq/mmol). The method is suitable for the synthesis of about 100 mCi (3.7 GBq) of tritiated formaldehyde directly used for the reductive methylation of proteins. | Coloring reaction of sake caused by exposure to sun-light was investigated. There is one of the coloring reactions in which deferri-ferrichrysin participate. The reaction was named Reaction I.Deferri-ferrichrysin, tyrosine, Mn2+ and unknown nitrogenous compound named conveniently compound X were essential for Reaction I and citric acid was stimulative.Compound X was purified by using Amberlite IR 120 (H type) column, active carbon column, silicic acid column and alumina column, and crystallized from methanol-water (1 : 1).The crystals decomposed at 288~290°C. The ultraviolet and infrared spectra of the compound X were essentially identical with those of authentic kynurenic acid.From these results the compound X was identified as kynurenic acid.Since kynurenic acid alone did not cause the color development and riboflavin could be substituted for kynurenic acid in Reaction I, kynurenic acid may act as photosensitizer in Reaction I. | fra_Latn | 27,730 |
Glycation of aspartate aminotransferase and conformational flexibility. | Glycation of proteins alters biological function and changes cellular processes. Our study investigated the conformational changes that accompany glycation using the cardiac aspartate aminotransferase (cAAT). We examined the effects of brief and prolonged exposure of cAAT to glyceraldehyde (Glyc) and ribose 5-phosphate (R5P). When cAAT was briefly incubated (3.5 h) with Glyc (500 microM) or R5P (5 mM) at 37 degrees C, cAAT activity and 1-anilinonaphthalene 8-sulfonate (ANS) binding increased relative to control. After prolonged incubation (64 h) with Glyc (500 microM) or R5P (5 mM) at 37 degrees C, activity and ANS binding decreased relative to control. Furthermore, upon prolonged incubation of cAAT with 500 microM Glyc (14.5 h) or 2 mM R5P (64.25 h) at 37 degrees C, the denaturation curves shifted to the right relative to control. We conclude that upon brief incubation with Glyc and R5P, cAAT exhibited a more open and flexible structure and upon prolonged incubation, a more rigid structure. | An orthorhombic form of single crystals of human plasma albumin, suitable for x-ray diffraction studies, has been grown with ammonium sulfate from protein solutions purified from fresh frozen single donor plasma as well as from a commercial sample of plasma albumin. The space group is P2(1)2(1)2 with 12 molecules in the unit cell. The cell dimensions are: a = 133.3 +/- 1.2 A, b = 274.8 +/- 3.3 A,, and c = 58.02 +/- 0.02 A. | eng_Latn | 27,731 |
Utilization of potassium ethyl xanthate as a substoichiometric reagent for the determination of indium | A sensitive and rapid radiochemical method has been developed for the determination of microgram amounts of indium(III) based on the substoichiometric extraction of its 1∶3 complex with potassium ethyl xanthate from pH 7 ammonia buffer into chloroform. 5–50 μg of indium was determined with an average error of 1.56%. The effect of associated species on the extraction was studied. | 1. ::: ::: It has been shown that under laboratory conditions a decrease in the amount of inert compounds in the feedstock is acceptable for the production of demulsifiers by the oxyethylation of the still residues of fatty acids, while an increase in the acid number of the feedstock (from 86 to 130 mg KOH /g) promotes an increase in the efficiency of the product. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 2. ::: ::: It has been shown that a demulsifier obtained by the oxyethylation of synthetic C10–C25 fatty acids with an acid number of 130–158 KOH/g is sufficiently efficient for the preparation of Arlanskii crude. | eng_Latn | 27,732 |
Two compartment analysis of plasma elimination of phenazone in normals and in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. | The elimination kinetics of phenazone (NFN) after intravenous injection was investigated in seven healthy volunteers and in five patients with chronic liver disease. The plasma concentration/time data of phenazone were analysed according to a one compartment linear model and a two compartment linear open model, respectively. The elimination rate constant, the volume of distribution, and the clearance estimated by the one compartment model analysis correlated significantly with the corresponding parameters of the two compartment model analysis (r = +0.892, r = +0.989 and r = +0.999, respectively). The initial disposition constant (α) and the rates of distribution of phenazone between the central and peripheral compartment, k12 and k21 were unaltered in the patients with liver disease, whereas the clearance was significantly reduced. These results confirm that the plasma clearance of phenazone is reliably investigated by sampling only from the terminal phase of the plasma elimination curve. | A mathematical model describing the behavior of elution peaks in preparative liquid chromatography for multicomponent separation has been solved numerically with the application of the perturbation and modified collocation methods. With application of such a collocation method on the time and axial domains, the governing equations are transformed into a set of recursive, algebraic equations that can be solved efficiently. The simulation results excellently match the reported experimental elution profiles resulting from the separation of a binary mixture of dipeptides on a reversed phase column in the literature. The results from the binary system can be extrapolated to multicomponent separation. For a given system of stationary and mobile phases, the model simulation predicts that the sample volume, concentrations of solutes in the sample, flow velocity, and particle diameter influence the performance of the elution peaks considerably. When samples having a given composition are chromatographied on a prep... | eng_Latn | 27,733 |
A simple semiautomated method for plasma pepsinogen determination | A simple method of plasma pepsinogen determination which automates the colorimetric assay after enzymatic incubation and precipitation is described. | There are two models of automatic analyzer of permanganate index in our water quality automatic monitoring station.One was produced by SERES Company in France, the other was produced by ZEAN Company in German.The similarities and differences of structure,performance and operation between the two models of analyzer were compared.The good suggestions of maintenance and operation were given. | eng_Latn | 27,734 |
Quantitative analysis of purine and pyrimidine metabolism in Chinese hamster ovary cells | A detailed quantitative study of purine and pyrimidine metabolism in logarithmically growing Chinese hamster ovary cells has been performed. Direct measurements of the ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pool sizes have been made, and the pathways and rates of metabolism of adenine, hypoxanthine, guanine, guanosirae, deoxyadenosine, and deoxyguanosine and of uridine, cytidine, deoxyeytidine, deoxyuridine, and thymidine have been determined. | The invention relates to an effect on keratin-containing fibers, in particular human hair, oxidatively acting agent containing in addition at least one oxidizing agent, a combination of active ingredients (A) a selected cationic polymer, (b) at least one mono- or di- (C (C) at least one quaternary ammonium compound which carries at least a selected group at the quaternized nitrogen atom, and a method for reshaping keratin fibers, in which this means is applied, and the use of this agent for fixing in the course of a hair forming. The transformation is improved by this means and that the fiber gets an excellent care and structural preservation. | eng_Latn | 27,735 |
Analysis of phospholipids and fatty acids composition of rat hepatoma cells | Objective: To study the membrane phospholipid composition of rat hepatoma cells. Method: The mole fraction of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in total phospholipids of CBRH-7919 hepatoma cells was compared to that of normal liver cells by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and phosphorus assay. The composition and mole fraction of fatty acids of PC in hepatoma cells were also compared to those of normal ones with gas chromatographic analysis (GC analysis). Results and Conclusion: The PC content of membrane phospholipids in CBRH-7919 tumor cells, particularly in long chain and unsaturated fatty acids was significantly lower than that of normal cells. | FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention concerns process of production of diisopropyl {[1-(hydroxymethyl)-cyclopropyl]oxy}methylphosphonate represented by the formula , which is the key intermediate compound in synthesis of antiviral nucleoside analogue. The invention also concerns new intermediate compounds of formulae and , and their production of compound (2) obtained under this invention, which is an antiviral nucleoside analogue (especially against hepatitis B virus) represented by the formula . EFFECT: high purity grade and high output. 4 ex | eng_Latn | 27,736 |
Ascorbate as an induction inhibitor of β‐lactamase in a strain of Enterobacter cloacae | H.A. SHOEB, H.I. AL-SHORA AND T. ABDEL-SALAM. 1995. The effect of ascorbate and anaerobiosis of β-lactamase content (constitutive and inducible) in relation to the susceptibility of a standard strain of Enterobacter cloacae to ampicillin was studied. Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 showed increasing susceptibility to ampicillin when incubated anaerobically in the presence of increasing concentrations of ascorbic acid. The inducible β-lactamase activity in the cell-free extracts of Ent. cloacae decreased when the bacterium was grown aerobically in the presence of ascorbic acid. Under anaerobic growth conditions, however, ascorbic acid abrogated the induction of the enzyme completely. On the other hand, the constitutive enzymatic activity was markedly decreased as the bacterium was grown anaerobically. Thus under these growth conditions, ascorbate-anaerobiosis, the total β-lactamase level in the presence of ampicillin as inducer fell below the basal constitutive activity observed in the absence of ampicillin. | The experiment was conducted to optimize the conditions of A-PAGE for isolating salt soluble proteins of foxtail millet.10 foxtail millet varieties were used for A-PAGE.A number of A-PAGE electropherograms were obtained at different levels of dosage of catalyst,gel concentrations,cross-linkages,injecting volumes,pH of gel buffer,and the use of inspissate gel.The optimal conditions for A-PAGE were raised after deliberate investigation.Detailed criteria were as following: dosage of 3% H2O2 1 μl/ml gel,gel concentration 13%,cross-linkages 4%,pH of gel buffer 3.7,and the injecting volumes between 20 and 30 μl.Furthermore,the use of inspissate gel enhanced the resolution of gel electropherograms. | eng_Latn | 27,737 |
CHAPTER 6:Therapeutic Applications of Nucleic Acid Aptamer Conjugates | Nucleic acid aptamers can be isolated by in vitro techniques (SELEX), and they recognise a wide variety of molecular targets with affinities and specificities that rival those of antibodies. Unlike those protein-based ligands, aptamers are easily produced by enzymatic or chemical means, are readily modified for incorporation of additional functionalities or formats, and have more predictable physical properties. One application of this technology is the development of therapeutic aptamers. This chapter will describe some of the latest advances in this field, highlighting particularly the innovative ways in which aptamers are being adapted to therapy. | The experiment was conducted to optimize the conditions of A-PAGE for isolating salt soluble proteins of foxtail millet.10 foxtail millet varieties were used for A-PAGE.A number of A-PAGE electropherograms were obtained at different levels of dosage of catalyst,gel concentrations,cross-linkages,injecting volumes,pH of gel buffer,and the use of inspissate gel.The optimal conditions for A-PAGE were raised after deliberate investigation.Detailed criteria were as following: dosage of 3% H2O2 1 μl/ml gel,gel concentration 13%,cross-linkages 4%,pH of gel buffer 3.7,and the injecting volumes between 20 and 30 μl.Furthermore,the use of inspissate gel enhanced the resolution of gel electropherograms. | kor_Hang | 27,738 |
One-Pot Conversion of Corn Starch into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Water-[Bmim]Cl/MIBK Biphasic Media | This work reports the catalytic conversion of corn starch into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the presence of AlCl3·6H2O in water-[Bmim]Cl/MIBK biphasic media. Among the varieties of corn starch investigated (regular, waxy, and native high amylose), a maximum of 64 wt % HMF was obtained from waxy corn substrates within 20 min of reaction time at 140 °C. The HMF yield was comparable to the yield obtained from fructose and glucose which were of 70 and 68 wt % respectively. Furthermore, MIBK effectively partitioned HMF from the aqueous to the organic phase, thereby preventing further HMF rehydration to levulinic acid (LA). Thus, negligible LA yields (0.1 wt %) were detected in this system. Additionally, [Bmim]Cl and AlCl3·6H2O can be recycled for several catalytic runs without compromising the HMF selectivity. In summary, the proposed process parameters are favorable to achieve high HMF yields from amylopectin-rich starches. | Abstract Exposure of the dorsal skin of hairless mice to the light of a germicidal lamp under standardized conditions produces reproducible, time-dependent increases of putrescine and spermidine concentrations, and a decrease of spermine levels, concomitant with the increase of the rate of DNa synthesis. Systemic or topical treatment of the animals with α-difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, completely prevents the uv light-induced rapid formation of putrescine, and diminishes the enhancement of polyamine turnover rates. A significant effect of the drug on the rate of DNA synthesis could not be shown. The model is suitable for the study of interrelations between polyamine metabolism and cell proliferation and for the screening of compounds designed as inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. | eng_Latn | 27,739 |
A Rapid Method to Determine the Total Proteins in Serum Sample Studied by Synchronous Fluorescence Technique with N-(pentyl)-N′-(sodium p-aminobenzenesulfonate) thiourea as Probe | The experiment is investigated for the three-dimensional spectra of N-(pentyl)-N′-(sodium p-aminobenzenesulfonate)thiourea(APT)-human serum albumin(HSA) system.The results show that APT can react with HSA,and the conformational and micro-environmental changes of HSA are investigated by comparing the three-dimensional spectral changes.The effect factors for spectral characterization and intensity of synchronous fluorescence such as the value of Δλ,pH,ionic strength,addition sequence,reagent concentration are investigated.Under the optimum conditions,the synchronous fluorescence intensity of the system is in proportion to the concentration of protein in the range of 2.0~479.0 mg·L-1 for human serum albumin(HSA),with the detection limit 1.3 mg·L-1 for HSA.The linear correlation coefficient is 0.998.It is used to determine protein in human serum sample,the recovery is within the range of 102.8%~104.6%. | As a method for removing hydrogen sulfide feed synthesis, iron penta-carbonyl, and nickel tetra carbonyl from a gas stream, the removal method comprising: (A) water, by contacting the absorbing liquid comprising a physical solvent and an amine with the feed synthesis gas stream to remove hydrogen sulfide and iron penta-carbonyl, hydrogen sulfide and iron penta carbonyl step carbonyl is of obtaining a synthesis gas stream depleted, (B) the hydrogen sulfide and iron penta carbonyl this to a synthesis gas stream depleted in contact with a solid adsorbent comprising activated carbon to adsorb the nickel tetra carbonyl, nickel tetra carbonyl this thick solid adsorbent and the purified synthesis gas stream, a and a step of obtaining. Syngas stream, hydrogen sulfide, iron penta-carbonyl, nickel tetra carbonyl | eng_Latn | 27,740 |
Problems Associated with Determining Protein Concentration: A Comparison of Techniques for Protein Estimations | Although a range of methods are available for determining protein concentration, many scientists encounter problems when quantifying proteins in the laboratory. The most commonly used methods for determining protein concentration in a modern biochemistry laboratory would probably be the Lowry and/or the Bradford protein assays. Other techniques, including direct spectrophotometric analysis and densitometry of stained protein gels, are applied, but perhaps to a lesser extent. However, the reliability of all of the above techniques is questionable and dependent to some extent on the protein to be assayed. In this paper we describe problems we encountered when using some of the foregoing techniques to quantify the concentration of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a nuclear enzyme found in most eukaryotes. We also describe how, by using a fluorescence-based assay and amino acid analysis, we overcame the problems we encountered. | This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Identification of the Best Linear Approximation Using Random Excitations Generation of Uncertainty Bounds? Identification of the Best Linear Approximation Using Periodic Excitations Advises and Conclusions ]]> | eng_Latn | 27,741 |
Effects of Tea Polyphenols on Promoting Excretion of Cadmium | [Objective] To study the effects of promoting cadmium excretion by tea polyphenols(TP) and the influence on liver and kidney.[Methods] Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: ① Group-control;② Group-TP;③ Group-Cd;④ to ⑥ Group-intervention(low,medium and high dose).After 5 weeks,the serum,24 h urine,feces,liver,kidney and testis were taken for examining.[Results] The Cd level of liver and testis for Group-medium and high-dose TP were lower than that of Group-Cd(P﹤0.05),and Cd levels in urine and feces were higher than that of Cd group(P﹤0.05),and showed dose-response relationship.The Cd levels in kidney and bone for Group-intervention were similar to Group-Cd.The Cd level in liver for Group-TP was lower than Group-control.The serum level of ALT、AST、BUN、CRE for Group intervention were similar to Group-Cd.[Conclusion] Group-TP for medium and high dose can promote Cd excretion without increasing damage of liver and kidney. | Abstract A surface-ionization ion source for the use of a thick target has been studied by an isotope separator on-line at INS using the 40Ca(p,2pn)38K reaction. The ionization efficiency and release time were measured for CaC2, CaO and CaF2 targets. The measured efficiency turned out to be about 20% both for tantalum and platinum surface ionizers. The release time was also deduced for each target at various values of temperature by measuring time distributions of the extracted radioactivity after bombarding the target for a short time. | eng_Latn | 27,742 |
Stability of citral-containing and citralless lemon oils in flavor emulsions and beverages | The investigation was conducted to compare the stabilities of citral-containing and citralless lemon emulsions (EC and ECL) and beverages (BC and BCL) during storage at different temperatures by both gas chromatographic and sensory analyses | In fundamental solvent extraction research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory a large number of systems have been discovered that are selective for one or a few elements. Some of these have been adapted to analytical separation and assay. To serve our own need for highly reproducible and accurate analysis of samples containing ..cap alpha.. and ..beta..-emitting nuclides, we have turned to liquid scintillation in both its familiar ..beta..-liquid scintillation (..beta..-LS) form and in a less-familiar development called Photon-Electron Rejecting Alpha Liquid Scintillation (PERALS) spectrometry. ..beta.. counting by the former and ..cap alpha.. counting by the latter combined with appropriate separation method result in powerful tools for radioassay of a wide range of sample types. 15 refs. | eng_Latn | 27,743 |
Determination of DNA and RNA in homogenized cells and tissues by surface fluorometry | Abstract A modification of the ethidium bromide method of Le Pecq and Paoletti (1966) is described that allows single and concurrent quantitative determinations of DNA and RNA directly in homogenates of milligram and submilligram samples of cells and tissues. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive, and highly specific. | FIELD: biochemistry. SUBSTANCE: method involves preparing a mixture of free reagent with nucleic acids. Each nucleic acid is bound with the first reagent. Then interaction of the mixture with free reagent is carried out and reaction products are separated by capability of free reagent to change its properties. Invention can be used for identification of compounds, in part, nucleic acids. EFFECT: improved method of identification. 23 cl, 15 dwg, 1 tbl | eng_Latn | 27,744 |
Formulations using soluble antioxidants | The present invention comprises a water-soluble antioxidant to be or reduce inhibit the formation of formic acid and / or formyl species during storage in and / or in the effective storage period the dosage form manufacturing process, solid, semi-solid or liquid preparations on. Formulations of the present invention, either prevents the formation of N- formyl impurities during storage during during the manufacturing process and / or the effective storage period (and gelatin crosslinked) or decrease. | We made a mistake when we calculated the ΔGODL correction term.1 Although the mistake does not change the salt solvation free energies, it changes the single ion hydration free energies and significantly reduces the need for the fudge factor. With the correct ΔGODL, the optimal fudge factor became 8 kJ/mol for the cations and −8 kJ/mol for the anions. These values are smaller than the experimental uncertainties in determining single ion hydration free energies. The updated Table TableIVIV is provided below. | eng_Latn | 27,745 |
4-aminoarildihidropiridinlactonas, process for their preparation and their use in medicine. | DESCRIPTION of 4-AMINOARILDIHIDROPIRIDINAS of formula (I), the definition of Substituents characterized according to the description of a process for their preparation by reduction of 4-NITROARILDIHIDROPIRIDINA RELEVANT AND EVENTUALLY TRANSFORMATION SUBSEQUENT in group 4-aminoaryl, and their application drug. | Abstract Two methods for calculating activity coefficients of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and its blends with pure alcohols (C1–C5), namely, UNIFAC-continuous and UNIFAC-Dortmund-continuous, are presented. ULSD was modeled as a continuous blend of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics. The molar distribution in each family was expressed as a function of carbon number using the gamma distribution function. The parameters of the distribution function can be easily fitted from experimental distillation data of ULSD and extrapolated to n-alcohol/ULSD blends. The activity coefficients obtained were used to model the ASTM D86 distillation curves. UNIFAC-Dortmund-continuous exhibited the best fitting to the experimental results. Based on that, three new correlations for calculating the boiling point, vapor pressure and structural groups of complex ULSD are proposed here. | eng_Latn | 27,746 |
Calculations and measurements on the maximum energy of secondary electrons in inclined-field acceleration tubes | Abstract Trajectory calculations have been carried out for secondary electrons emitted on the electrodes and in the interelectrode gaps of inclined-field acceleration tubes. It was shown that a number of trajectories originating in the neighbourhood of the prismatic field sections will be inflected in the paraxial region. Consequently, the corresponding electrons will be accelerated to considerable energies before being stopped by other electrodes. The presence of high-energy electrons in inclined-field tubes was experimentally proved by X-ray measurements around the 5 MV Van de Graaff generator in this Institute. Similar measurements performed with a homogeneous field tube enable us to compare the behaviour of tubes of different types. | SummaryA baby hamster kidney cell line transformed in vitro by adenovirus type 12 produced high titer T antigen. Using different tumor-bearing hamster sera in the indirect fluorescent antibody technic the resultant staining was either confined to the cytoplasm or was present also in the nucleus. Both the intranuclear T antigen and intracytoplasmic T antigen when isolated behaved similarly on hydroxylapatite columns and on starch block electrophoresis. On hydroxylapatite columns the majority of the recovered CF activity was eluted with 0.2 M salt. On starch block electrophoresis all of the recovered CF activity was present in one peak effecting a 10-fold increase in specific activity by a one-step procedure. Preparations with highest specific activity were obtained from fractions of nuclear preparations separated by starch block electrophoresis.The excellent technical assistance of Mrs. Jessie Doleman, Miss Shirley J. Hagens, Mrs. Beatrice R. O'Keefe and Mrs. Inta Ziedins is gratefully acknowledged. | eng_Latn | 27,747 |
Spectroscopic Data for Steroids Subjected to Zak Color Reaction | Spectral data in the range 320 to 700 mµ of the reaction products of 18 steroids subjected to the Zak color reaction were determined for possible use in identification and qualitative and quantitative determination. High extinction coefficients with characteristic peaks were found for a number of groupings. | Features of the interaction with DNA of photoactivable aryl azides having various substituents in the aromatic ring have been studied. The nature of the interaction with DNA and the degree of its modification depend substantially on the nature of these substituents. The results obtained can be used for obtaining DNA probes bearing various marker groups. | eng_Latn | 27,748 |
The Efficacy of Mosapride for the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia | Functional Dyspepsia (FD) is a common affliction in western countries effecting approximately 25% of the population. Due to its heterogeneous pathogenesis, effective therapeutics are limited. Mosapride, a serotonin receptor agonist with enterokinetic properties, has been evaluated for treating dyspeptic symptoms in a limited number of clinical trials. Most trials found mosapride to be as effective as other commonly used treatments for FD including histamine receptor blockers (H2RAs), and the results of the only randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to date found mosapride to be no more effective than placebo. These studies were limited by suboptimal study design and performed prior to sub-classification of FD sub-types as defined by Rome III. Therefore, there is currently inadequate data to comment on the efficacy of mosapride for treating FD. Larger placebo controlled trials differentiating dyspeptic patients by primary symptom associations are necessary. | A sulphamidase and a sulphoesterase were isolated from adapted cells of Flavobacterium heparinum. These enzymes were partially purified from the ;heparinases' present in the bacterial extracts and characterized. The sulphamidase has a high specificity for glucosamine N-sulphate and glucosamine 2,6-disulphate. The activity decreases sharply with increasing molecular weight of the substrates tested. The sulphamidase and the sulphoesterase activities were distinguished from each other by their different sensitivities to concentration of phosphate ion and to temperature. The importance of these enzymes in the study of the structure of heparin is discussed. | eng_Latn | 27,749 |
Abstract P196: A Large Genetic Effect of APOC3 A43T SNP on Serum Triglycerides is Mediated by Serum APO-CIII Levels in Amerindians | Introduction: Using a population-based linkage analysis approach, we previously identified a major locus for serum triglyceride (TG) levels in Pima Indians, which largely reflects the effect of a f... | Objective: The determination of soluble arseniic in the Liu Shen Wan and each in Chinese Medicinal Herbs, synthesis of cysteine—arsenic(Ⅲ) complex. Method: The contents of soluble arsenic have been determined with DDC-Ag method. chemosythesis of cysteine-arsenic(Ⅲ) complex. Result: Cysteine-arsenic(Ⅲ) complex were obtained. Toxicology As 2O 3 LD 50 =150 mg/kg, cysteine-arsenic(Ⅲ) complex LD 50 =650 mg/kg. Condusion: The contents of trace arsenic except of Liu Shen Wan and realagr, each one in Chinese Medicinal Herbs too contentstrace arsenic. The complex of cysteine—arsenic(Ⅲ) is sythcisized. The results of toxicooology showed that toxic of complex expressly is lower than that in As 2O 3. The results showed that cysteine antagonsim of toxic of arsenic. | eng_Latn | 27,750 |
Capillary gel electrophoresis analysis of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II in human high-density lipoproteins. | Capillary gel electrophoresis was performed on a coated capillary column filled with a replaceable low-viscosity polymer network containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (eCAP SDS-200 kit from Beckman Instruments). While apolipoprotein (apo) A-I gave an homogeneous peak in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), it appeared heterogeneous in its purified form. Apo A-II was heterogeneous in HDL as well as in purified preparations. For both proteins the relationship between peak areas and apo concentrations was linear over a large range of concentrations and, with the use of alpha-chymotrypsinogen A as an internal standard, apo A-I and apo A-II areas were measured with good precision (coefficient of variation 1.6 and 1.8%, respectively). Capillary gel electrophoresis appeared as a method of high-resolution power in the study of apo A-I and apo A-II heterogeneity and could lead to the development of an alternative method for the assay of apo HDL. | Objective:HPLC fingerprints of Jianwei Xiaoshi tablets were established to provide an effective method of quality control for it.Method: XDB C18 column was used with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphate aqueous as the mobile phase by gradient elution;the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1,and the detection wavelength was at 220 nm.Fingerprint similarity evaluation software was used to determine common fingerprint peaks,calculate the similarity,and compared with 4 counterfeit Jianwei xiaoshi tablets on the market.Result: Under 13 Jianwei Xiaoshi tablets in Jiang's fingerprint,17 common peaks were identified,the similarity was greater than 0.97,and the similarity of fingerprint of counterfeit products was less than 0.90.Conclusion: HPLC fingerprint established has better precision and reproducibility,and can effectively characterize the quality of Jianwei Xiaoshi tablets and control the product quality. | eng_Latn | 27,751 |
The use of selective deuteration for the sequence specific 1H NMR assignment of larger proteins | The possibility of extending NMR methods for structure determination to larger proteins (MW > 10 kD) depends on the development of isotopic labeling protocols for the simplification of their NMR spectra (isotopic spectral editing). We describe here the successful use of selective deuteration to obtain sequence specific assignments for (thus far) more than 50% of the residues of the trp repressor protein (25 kD). This is the largest protein for which detailed sequence specific assignments have been attempted to-date. | A mathematical model describing the behavior of elution peaks in preparative liquid chromatography for multicomponent separation has been solved numerically with the application of the perturbation and modified collocation methods. With application of such a collocation method on the time and axial domains, the governing equations are transformed into a set of recursive, algebraic equations that can be solved efficiently. The simulation results excellently match the reported experimental elution profiles resulting from the separation of a binary mixture of dipeptides on a reversed phase column in the literature. The results from the binary system can be extrapolated to multicomponent separation. For a given system of stationary and mobile phases, the model simulation predicts that the sample volume, concentrations of solutes in the sample, flow velocity, and particle diameter influence the performance of the elution peaks considerably. When samples having a given composition are chromatographied on a prep... | eng_Latn | 27,752 |
Crinamine from Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum Inhibits Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Activity But Not Activity of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-2 | In a search for natural product inhibitors of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) function, crinamine (1), a crinane type alkaloid, showed potent dose dependent inhibition (IC50=2.7 μM) of HIF-1α in a cell-based reporter gene assay. Crinamine (1) was isolated from the aerial parts of Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum together with lycorine (2), norgalanthamine (3) and epinorgalanthamine (4). The other components (2—4) showed no significant inhibition of HIF-1α induced transcriptional activity. | We established a simple, sensitive, and reproducible method to analyze the histamine and tyramine levels in Japanese soy sauce and its mash (called moromi) using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC–MS/MS). Histamine and tyramine quantification was performed using their stable isotopes for electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The sample pretreatment process was a simple, one-step liquid–liquid extraction. HILIC separation was performed with a gradient elution of aqueous ammonium formate and acetonitrile. Because of validation tests, the linearity, the accuracies, and precisions were sufficient. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were 0.09 and 0.29 ppm for histamine and 0.13 and 0.42 ppm for tyramine, respectively. We successfully applied this method to histamine and tyramine determination in four kinds of commercial Japanese soy sauces and also in moromi samples during soy sauce production. | eng_Latn | 27,753 |
Sulphur Effect on Protein Components and Grain Yield of Wheat | Based on the experiment in a plot of high soil fertility but low sulphur content with conventional fertilizer treatments(nitrogen,phosphate and potassium fertilizer),effect of sulphur on the protein quality and grain yield of the wheat cultivars with different protein contents were studied.A comparison was made between the grain protein content and grain yield with or without sulphur.The results indicated that the conventional fertilizer treatment with sulphur increased the nitrogen content in the wheat organs and kernel,and prolamin content and total protein content in kernel significantly.However,the wheat cultivars with different protein contents showed different reactions to sulphur fertilizer.The sulphur treatment significantly decreased the weight of 1000 grain kernels,but the decrease in grain yield did not reach a significant level. | Analysis of a database containing over 20 000 high-resolution collision-activation mass spectra of tryptic peptide dications was employed to study the relative specificity of neutral losses from backbone fragments. The high resolution of the FTMS instrument allowed for the first time the first isotope of the water loss and the monoisotope of the ammonia loss to be distinguished. Contrary to a popular belief, water losses from y‘ ions are not specific enough to rely upon for detecting the presence of amino acids with oxygen in the side chains. At the same time, ammonia loss from b ions is sufficiently specific (>95%) to detect the presence of amino acids Gln, Asn, His, Lys, and Arg. This feature will be useful for de novo algorithms for high-resolution MS data. Clear trends were observed when the effect of amino acids proximate to the cleavage site on the rate of loss formation was studied. These trends turned out to be different for losses from b and y ions. Keywords: CAD • de novo sequencing • peptide id... | eng_Latn | 27,754 |
Determination of ranitidine by flow injection suppressive chemiluminescence | Objective:To establish a novel flow injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) system for determination of ranitidine.Methods:Ranitidine was used as a suppressor to decrease chemiluminescent intensity in a reaction of Cu~(2~+) with H_2O_2 and radicals oxidized rhodamine B in sodium polyphosphate media.Results:The linearity of the ranitidine concentration curve versus reduction value of the CL in- tensity (△I) was found when ranitidine concentration was within 5.0～1000μg·L~(-1).The determination concluded a mean recovery of ranitidine of 98.9%～102.9%,a detection limit of 2.7μg·L~(-1)(3σ) and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.0% (n=11,ranitidine of 100μg·L~(-1)).Conclusion:This sensitive and reliable FL-CL method can be used in quantification of ranitidine capsules. | A simple assay for detection of tobacco rattle virus in infected tubers involving RT-PCR was developed. The assay detected a wide range of strains, including nonparticle NM variants. RNA extraction methods were compared, and a simple method was found to give reliable results. The method enabled detection of at least 1 ng of tobacco rattle particles in 100 mg tuber extract. | eng_Latn | 27,755 |
Continuous production of a-Si:H/a-SiN:H superlattice by pulsed plasma and photo CVD | Difference of chemical reactivity of source gases towards photo and plasma excitations was utilized to produce amorphous superlattices continuously. Molecular nitrogen was scarcely decomposed by Hg sensitized photochemical reaction of r.f. plasma but was by microwave plasma. Thus, pulsed microwave plasma and photo CVD produced a-Si:H/a-SiN:H superlattices from a mixture of Si 2 H 6 and N 2 . A quantum size effect in the superlattices was verified from the increase of optical band gap with the decrease of well layer thickness. Some of the superlattices fabricated have photo conductivities higher than the a-Si:H films prepared by the photo CVD. A specific band profile of the superlattice was evaluated by X-ray photoelectron and UV-VIS spectroscopies. | In fundamental solvent extraction research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory a large number of systems have been discovered that are selective for one or a few elements. Some of these have been adapted to analytical separation and assay. To serve our own need for highly reproducible and accurate analysis of samples containing ..cap alpha.. and ..beta..-emitting nuclides, we have turned to liquid scintillation in both its familiar ..beta..-liquid scintillation (..beta..-LS) form and in a less-familiar development called Photon-Electron Rejecting Alpha Liquid Scintillation (PERALS) spectrometry. ..beta.. counting by the former and ..cap alpha.. counting by the latter combined with appropriate separation method result in powerful tools for radioassay of a wide range of sample types. 15 refs. | eng_Latn | 27,756 |
Uptake of Nα-palmitoyl-l-lysyl-l-Iysine-ethylester by Some Microorganisms and its Relation to Uptake of Some Amino Acids | Uptake of Ncx-palmitoyl-L-lysyl-L-lysine-ethylester by some microorganisms and its relation to uptake of some amino acids | Objective: To prepare netilmicin sulfate liposomes and characterize the liposomes.Methods:Netilmicin sulfate was encapsulated into the liposomes using ultrasound-assisted multiple emulsification technique.Dialysis was used to determine the entrapment efficiency.Release percentage and distribution in kidney was studied.Results:The sizes of netilmicin sulfate liposomes were well-proportioned.The entrapment efficiency of netilmicin sulfate liposomes was in the range of 53% to 82.7%.The release percentage of the liposomes was lower than 6% when storage under 4 ℃ after 3 months.The liposomes had lower targeting efficiency in mouse kidney after iv administration as compared with netilmicin sulfate solution.Conclusion:Ultrasound-assisted multiple emulsification technique is feasible to prepare netilmicin sulfate liposomes,and dialysis is fit for determining the entrapment efficiency.Netilmicin sulfate liposomes are stable and may have the potential to reduce adverse reactions. | eng_Latn | 27,757 |
Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Copper by Decatalytic Kinetic Decolourisation | A decatalytic spectrophotometric method based on a copper catalyzed redox reaction between K\-2S\-2O\-8 and methyl red has been developed for the determination of trace quantities of copper in the presence of H\-3PO\-4. The detection Limit for copper is 8 349×10 -12 g/mL and the linear range of determination is (0 01～0 08)μg/25mL. Satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of trace copper in human hair, food samples and water samples. | SummaryThe metabolism of betahistine, demethylbetahistine and 2-(2-hydroxy-ethyl) pyridine in the rabbit leads to the urinary excretion of acidic metabolities, including 2-pyridylacetate, which is excreted in part as N-2-pyridylacetylglycine. Other unidentified Koenig-positive compounds were in the acidic fraction. | eng_Latn | 27,758 |
An Al Strip is placed in CuSO4 solution, would I expect a spontaneous rxn to occur, based on the net potential | Yes. If carried to the extreme, you would see the aluminum strip dissolve, copper metal precipitating, and the solution color will fade from blue to colorless.\n\n2Al + 3Cu(2+) ---> 2Al(3+) + 3 Cu | Hi purplepansy. Cute 'name'. Amino acid imbalances are common and can cause significant health problems. Getting tested, therefore, may be a very good idea.\n\nUnfortunately, because I am not aware of the saliva test your doctor is recommending, I can't give you any advice on that. Ask your doctor this question. I am sure he/she will be happy to answer your concerns and provide you with documentation about the test's accuracy, reliability, etc.\n\nIf you are really in doubt, have BOTH tests done. Serum amino acid profiles are valid and would provide a good comparison for the saliva test. If the results are similar, then you can do future/followup testing with the saliva method.\n\nBest wishes and good luck.\n\nP.S. I just received the results for my own serum amino acid profile yesterday. I get mine tested (along with many other tests) annually. I use Metamatrix Labs and their ION profile. | eng_Latn | 27,759 |
In Sigma-aldrich....manufacturing company... its Lot number is 73H8377.. | Type III Galglioside is a mixture: 20% sialic acid, then equimolar amounts of GM1 and GD1a gangliosides.\n\nA common sialic acid is N-acetylneuraminic acid, with a molecular weight of 310 Da\nGM1 is 49 000 Da\nGD1a is 63 000 Da\n\n1/2 mol each of GD1a and GM1 would weigh 112000 g, meaning it would have a corresponding mass of 28000 g of sialic acid, which is 28000 g/310 g/mol = 90.32 mol\n\nThe mole fractions are therefore 90.32/91.32 = 98.9% for the sialic acid, and 0.5/91.32 = 0.5475% for the 2 gangliosides.\n\nThat makes the average molecular weight equal to 0.989*310 Da + 0.005475 (49000 Da + 63000 Da) = 919.79 Da\n\nThe average molecular weight of the gangliosides, not including the acid, is 56 kDa. | sorry i dont really know, but a kit designed for extraction might work o.k. I'm guessing that you have tried regular high salt or phenol based methods and these have not been successful, perhaps repeating the extraction protocol on the resulting product may help.\n\nhad to laugh at the above answer, clearly has no idea but has got the hang of copy and paste! | eng_Latn | 27,760 |
Towards Modeling False Memory With Computational Knowledge Bases. | DBpedia -- A Crystallization Point for the Web of Data | RAPID ASSAY DEVELOPMENT OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM COATED TABLET ASSAY USING FTIR COMPARED TO HPLC METHOD | eng_Latn | 27,761 |
What are the methods to study nuceic acid and protein interactions? | Are you looking at any protein in particular? Look up in situ hybrdization for proteins ( at least it will give you an idea where it is localised). I think that it would really depend on the system ad proteins that you want to study, so I am not sure how much else I can tell you, sorry. | Test for application compatibility with UAP...easily performed by installing the Application Verifier Tool and the LUA Privilege Shim. Once they are installed, you are ready to test your application. | eng_Latn | 27,762 |
2 switch matrix slice ( 1 ) slice ( 0 ) cin cin cout cout clb . | Report On The Development Of The Advanced Encryption Standard Aes | Quantification of Glycosaminoglycans in Urine by Isotope-Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry | eng_Latn | 27,763 |
PHENYLALANINE TOXICITY 158 Developing the 0. -M ethylphenylalanine Model. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Use of the a-Methyl phenylalanine Model in Brain Protein Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 TYROSINE TOXICITY 162 General Nutritional Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Factors Affecting Tissue Concentrations of Tyrosine . ... .. .. .. ...... . . . . . . .. . . 163 Probable Cause of Tyrosine Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 A New Animal Model for Human Tyrosinemia II 165 TRYPTOPHAN TOXICITy 165 General Nutritional Observations . .. ....... . ....... . .... . . .. . . . .. . .. . .. ..... ......... 165 Factors Affecting Tryptophan Toxicity . . . .. . . . . . . . .... . ........ 166 Tryptophan and Ruminant Interstitial Pulmonary Emphysema and Edema ..... . . . . . . . 167 HISTIDINE TOXICITY 168 General Nutritional Observations ...... ........ . . . . ..... . ...... .. . 168 Metabolic Aspects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Alleviation of Histidine Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 METHIONINE TOXICITY 171 General Nutritional Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Tissue Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 172 Protective Effect of Glycine, Serine, or Retinol . . . .. ....... . ......... . ......... .. . .. . . ...... 172 Chemical Characteristics Related to the Toxicity of Methionine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Damaging Effects of Methanethiol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 173 Met�io,!ine To�i.city in Chickens 174 EthlOnme TOxIcIty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 174. Title: Detection, characterization, and spontaneous differentiation in vitro of very small embryonic-like putative stem cells in adult mammalian ovary. | Paraquat intoxication is a fatal problem. Most paraquat intoxications happen through oral administration. We report a case of death after intravenous paraquat injection. There is little clinical data on parenteral paraquat exposure, and we describe this case and fatal progression. Toxic symptoms and severe organ function impairment developed soon after injection. Treatment with repeated activated charcoal hemoperfusion with pulse steroids, cyclophosphamide, and antioxidants was attempted. The patient died from multiple organ failure 3 days after intoxication. This case indicates that paraquat intoxication via intravenous injection, even in very small amounts, has an extremely poor prognosis.. Title: Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke | Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, EC 1.14.16.2) from beef brain striata was purified 23-fold from an extract of an acetone powder. If this enzyme preparation is treated with a cyclic AMP[-dependent protein phosphorylation system, there is a change in the pH dependence of the enzyme activity. The pH optimum at saturating tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) concentration is shifted from below pH 6 to about pH 6.7. At pH 7, activation is expressed mainly as an increase in Vmax, whereas at pH 6, activation is expressed mainly as a decrease in Km for the pterin cofactor. Further, even with the control enzyme the Km for pterin cofactor declines precipitously as the pH is increased from 6 toward neutrality. Similar data were obtained with G-25 Sephadex-treated rat striatal TH. Experiments in which rat striatal synaptosomes were used demonstrated that the in situ activation of TH by phosphorylating conditions is expressed primarily as an increase in the maximum rate of dopamine synthesis. These results indicate that changes in TH activity caused by cyclic AMP-dependent protein phosphorylation will depend to a large extent on the pH of the TH environment.. Title: Effect of cyclic AMP-dependent protein phosphorylating conditions on the pH-dependent activity of tyrosine hydroxylase from beef and rat striata. | eng_Latn | 27,764 |
ABSTRACTA specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) against apramycin (AP) was produced and used to develop an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (idcELISA) and a rapid testing strip for the detection of AP residues in foods. MAb exhibited negligible cross-reactivity with other aminoglycosides. Under optimized conditions in 0.01 M PBS, the half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of MAb was 0.41 ng/ml with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.15 ng/ml. The ELISA results were obtained within 90 min. The mean recoveries from all the spiked food samples were within the range of 79.02–105.49%, with coefficients of variation in the range of 2.21–11.4%. The strip test results obtained within 5 min had visual LODs in the range 2.5–5 µg/kg (ng/ml) for all food samples tested. Therefore, the developed strip test represents a fast and convenient detection method of AP residues in foods.. Title: Subversion of Systemic Glucose Metabolism as a Mechanism to Support the Growth of Leukemia Cells. | We have developed a rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive method for measuring the cellular protein content of adherent and suspension cultures in 96-well microtiter plates. The method is suitable for ordinary laboratory purposes and for very large-scale applications, such as the National Cancer Institute's disease-oriented in vitro anticancer-drug discovery screen, which requires the use of several million culture wells per year. Cultures fixed with trichloroacetic acid were stained for 30 minutes with 0.4% (wt/vol) sulforhodamine B (SRB) dissolved in 1% acetic acid. Unbound dye was removed by four washes with 1% acetic acid, and protein-bound dye was extracted with 10 mM unbuffered Tris base [tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] for determination of optical density in a computer-interfaced, 96-well microtiter plate reader. The SRB assay results were linear with the number of cells and with values for cellular protein measured by both the Lowry and Bradford assays at densities ranging from sparse subconfluence to multilayered supraconfluence. The signal-to-noise ratio at 564 nm was approximately 1.5 with 1,000 cells per well. The sensitivity of the SRB assay compared favorably with sensitivities of several fluorescence assays and was superior to those of both the Lowry and Bradford assays and to those of 20 other visible dyes. The SRB assay provides a colorimetric end point that is nondestructive, indefinitely stable, and visible to the naked eye. It provides a sensitive measure of drug-induced cytotoxicity, is useful in quantitating clonogenicity, and is well suited to high-volume, automated drug screening. SRB fluoresces strongly with laser excitation at 488 nm and can be measured quantitatively at the single-cell level by static fluorescence cytometry.. Title: Impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the histological features of chronic hepatitis C: a case-control study. The MULTIVIRC group. | A sensitive biotin-streptavidin amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BA-ELISA) method was developed for the determination of chloramphenicol residues in milk. The biotin-streptavidin system was applied to enhance the sensitivity. After optimization, the detection limit of the method was found to be 0.042 +/- 0.006 ng mL(-1), which is 8-fold more sensitive than the traditional competitive ELISA using the same antibody and coating antigen. The amplification mechanism of the biotin-streptavidin system and the major factors affecting the sensitivity of detection are discussed. This method was successfully applied to determine the chloramphenicol residues in milk samples with a simple and rapid extraction procedure, and good recoveries (85.66-109.67%) were obtained. The result indicated that the biotin-streptavidin system may be a valuable tool to improve the specific detection of trace veterinary drug residues and could be widely used for routine monitoring of food samples.. Title: Determination of chloramphenicol residues in milk by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: improvement by biotin-streptavidin-amplified system. | eng_Latn | 27,765 |
Small-angle X-ray scattering for macromolecules in solution is now widely used in structural biology to complement high-resolution structure determination obtained by X-ray crystallography or NMR. In the context of third-generation synchrotron sources, this increasing interest leads to developments in sample environments and automation. The presence of an online purification system is justified by the need for sample monodispersity. A combined system including an auto-sampler robot and online high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed and optimized at the SWING beamline of Synchrotron SOLEIL (Gif-sur-Yvette, France). In the sample changer mode, a few microlitres of sample can be injected between two air bubbles and circulated at a controlled speed of typically 40 µl min−1. A maximum of 14 samples per hour could be measured in this mode by remote controlling the sample injections. In the HPLC mode, an initially polydisperse sample can be separated into each of its components before immediate data acquisition. The sample cell is thermostated, and offers a visualization control and online UV–Vis absorption monitoring.. Title: Genetic analysis of an ARS element from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. | Size-exclusion chromatography coupled with SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering), often performed using a flow-through capillary, should allow direct collection of monodisperse sample data. However, capillary fouling issues and non-baseline-resolved peaks can hamper its efficacy. The UltraScan solution modeler (US-SOMO) HPLC-SAXS (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with SAXS) module provides a comprehensive framework to analyze such data, starting with a simple linear baseline correction and symmetrical Gaussian decomposition tools [Brookes, Pérez, Cardinali, Profumo, Vachette & Rocco (2013 ▸). J. Appl. Cryst.46, 1823-1833]. In addition to several new features, substantial improvements to both routines have now been implemented, comprising the evaluation of outcomes by advanced statistical tools. The novel integral baseline-correction procedure is based on the more sound assumption that the effect of capillary fouling on scattering increases monotonically with the intensity scattered by the material within the X-ray beam. Overlapping peaks, often skewed because of sample interaction with the column matrix, can now be accurately decomposed using non-symmetrical modified Gaussian functions. As an example, the case of a polydisperse solution of aldolase is analyzed: from heavily convoluted peaks, individual SAXS profiles of tetramers, octamers and dodecamers are extracted and reliably modeled.. Title: Effect of screening on cervical cancer mortality in England and Wales: analysis of trends with an age period cohort model. | Three macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamlines at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) are available for the regional, national and international structural biology user community. The state-of-the-art synchrotron beamlines for MX BL14.1, BL14.2 and BL14.3 are located within the low-β section of the BESSY II electron storage ring. All beamlines are fed from a superconducting 7 T wavelength-shifter insertion device. BL14.1 and BL14.2 are energy tunable in the range 5-16 keV, while BL14.3 is a fixed-energy side station operated at 13.8 keV. All three beamlines are equipped with CCD detectors. BL14.1 and BL14.2 are in regular user operation providing about 200 beam days per year and about 600 user shifts to approximately 50 research groups across Europe. BL14.3 has initially been used as a test facility and was brought into regular user mode operation during the year 2010. BL14.1 has recently been upgraded with a microdiffractometer including a mini-κ goniometer and an automated sample changer. Additional user facilities include office space adjacent to the beamlines, a sample preparation laboratory, a biology laboratory (safety level 1) and high-end computing resources. In this article the instrumentation of the beamlines is described, and a summary of the experimental possibilities of the beamlines and the provided ancillary equipment for the user community is given.. Title: Facilities for macromolecular crystallography at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin | eng_Latn | 27,766 |
is asparagine triprotic | Serine (abbreviated as Ser or S) is an amino acid with the formula H O 2 C CH(N H 2)CH 2 OH. It is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. Its codons in the genetic code are UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU and AGC.By virtue of the hydroxyl group, serine is classified as a polar amino acid.erine (abbreviated as Ser or S) is an amino acid with the formula H O 2 C CH(N H 2)CH 2 OH. It is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. Its codons in the genetic code are UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU and AGC. By virtue of the hydroxyl group, serine is classified as a polar amino acid. | Ischial tuberosity has two parts. The ischial comes from the word ischium which is a pelvic bone. On the other hand, tuberosity is a Latin word, which means lump. A person with ischial tuberosity has a bony protrusion, which carries the weight of the body when sitting. Hence, it is tagged as the sitting bone. Its other names include sitz bone, tuber ischiadicum, and tuberosity of the ischium. When standing, the ischial tuberosity is covered by the gluteus maximus. | eng_Latn | 27,767 |
Thermodynamic study of asparagine and glycyl-asparagine using computational methods | This work aimed to develop an ab initio procedure for accurately calculating pKa values and applied it to study the acidity of asparagine and glycyl-asparagine. DFT methods with B3LYP composed by 6-31+G(d) basis set were applied for calculating the acidic dissociation constant of asparagine and glycyl-asparagine. The formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the available species and water was analyzed using Tomasi,s method. Results showed that in alkaline solutions, the cation, anion and neutral species of asparagine and glycyl-asparagine were solvated with one, two, three and four molecules of water, respectively. There was an excellent similarity between the experimentally attained pKavalues and the theoretically ones in this work. | ABSTRACTWe utilize the Internet search data from Google Trends to provide short-term forecasts for the inflow of Japanese tourists to South Korea. We construct the Google variable in a systematic way by combining keywords to minimize mean squared or mean absolute forecasting errors. We augment the Google variable to the standard time-series forecasting models and compare their forecasting accuracies. We find that Google-augmented models perform much better than the standard time-series models in terms of short-term forecasting accuracy. In particular, Google models show better out-of-sample forecasting performance than in-sample forecasting. | eng_Latn | 27,768 |
Why it is quantitatively not acceptable to titrate each of the vinegar samples with the NaOH titrant to the same dark pink endpoint? | A 31.43 mL volume of 0.108 M NaOH is required to reach the phenolphthalein endpoint in the titration of a 4.441 g sample of vinegar Calculate the percent acetic acid in the vinegar? | A 31.43 mL volume of 0.108 M NaOH is required to reach the phenolphthalein endpoint in the titration of a 4.441 g sample of vinegar Calculate the percent acetic acid in the vinegar? | eng_Latn | 27,769 |
How are titrations done using potassium permanganate? | What is the indicator in preparation and standardization of Potassium Permanganate Solut? | What is the indicator in preparation and standardization of Potassium Permanganate Solut? | eng_Latn | 27,770 |
what are recovery amino acids? | Aminoheal is patented and the formula contains the highest grade of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAâs) and Glutamine available on the market. Aminoheal contains the highest concentration of BCAAâs per capsule on the market. The research team added Glutamine to the formula due to itâs importance in muscle recovery/growth as well as recovery from surgery and illness. | Amino acids have an influence on the function of organs, glands, tendons and arteries. They are furthermore essential for healing wounds and repairing tissue, especially in the muscles, bones, skin and hair as well as for the removal of all kinds of waste deposits produced in connection with the metabolism. | eng_Latn | 27,771 |
Especialy HPLC for determining ascorbic acid (vitamin c) | The link below gives a method and chromatogram. Bear in mind that you will need to prevent the degradation of ascorbic acid during the analysis. This may be done by adding EDTA and HCl to the solutions, but you will have to work out the concentrations. | You will not be able to buy that solution. It is a volitile solution. You can however go to the pool store and buy a safe version. Its the red one in the pool "water tester" kit. Have fun! | eng_Latn | 27,772 |
what is dihydroxyacetone found in | The significance of DHA, MGO, HMF and Leptosperin in Manuka. Methylglyoxyl (MGO) is found predominantly in Manuka honey and is the main chemical responsible for the unique non-peroxide antibacterial activity of the honey. Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), a precursor chemical of MGO, is found in the nectar of Leptospermum scoparium (Manuka) in New Zealand. The DHA levels are often still relatively high in freshly harvested honey. Over a period of time, the DHA will convert to MGO in the honey, through a natural chemical process. | 10 most extreme places on Earth. Dihydroxyacetone, also known as DHA or glycerone, is a common active ingredient in tanning lotions or sprays designed for sunless use. A simple carbohydrate, dihydroxyacetone is crated from sugar beets or sugar cane and the glycerin fermentation process.It can also be used in wine making.Though colorless, DHA stains the skin on contact. simple carbohydrate, dihydroxyacetone is crated from sugar beets or sugar cane and the glycerin fermentation process. It can also be used in wine making. | eng_Latn | 27,773 |
cas number hcl | CAS #: Mixture TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Hydrochloric acid. NFPA Rating: Health: 3; Flammability: 0; Reactivity: 1 HMIS Rating: Health: 3; Fire: 0; Reactivity: 1. Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients. Composition Information on ingredients. (Specific chemical identity, common names CAS number OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Percent Hazardous. Hydrochloric acid 7647-01-0 5 ppm (C) 5 ppm (C) 31 - 37 Yes. Water 7732-18-5 N/A N/A 63 - 69 No. Toxicological data on ingredients: Hydrogen chloride: GAS (LC50): Acute 4701 ppm 0.5 hours [Rat]. | A CAS Registry Number is a numeric identifier that can contain up to 10 digits, divided by hyphens into three parts. The right-most digit is a check digit used to verify the validity and uniqueness of the entire number. For example, 58-08-2 is the CAS Registry Number for caffeine. | eng_Latn | 27,774 |
iodized meaning | Iodized salt is a form of table salt which has had iodine added to it to prevent a disease called goiter.â. Goiter is characterized by the swelling of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency. Iodine is a nutrient that usually occurs naturally in vegetables, which absorb it from the soil in which they grow. | Generally, iodized salt contains 0.002% to 0.004% iodine, supplied either as potassium iodide or potassium iodate. In the U.S., iodine is added as potassium iodide in table salt at slightly higher levels (0.006% to 0.01% potassium iodide, equivalent to 0.0046% to 0.0077% iodine.Potassium iodide is one of two sources of iodine permissible by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.enerally, iodized salt contains 0.002% to 0.004% iodine, supplied either as potassium iodide or potassium iodate. In the U.S., iodine is added as potassium iodide in table salt at slightly higher levels (0.006% to 0.01% potassium iodide, equivalent to 0.0046% to 0.0077% iodine. | eng_Latn | 27,775 |
how would you know if a base is soluble or insoluble? | to determine whether an acid or a base is soluble in say the universal polar solvent water, u should be knowing whether the substance is strong or weak\nnow bases like NaOH, CsOH, RbOH, Mg(OH)2 are strong bases and in solution they give us the cations and anions(mostly the hydroxyl grp)\nbases like Be(OH)2, Fe(OH)2 or 3, Cu(OH)2 or any of their oxides are weak and hence in solution they do not undergo complete dissociation and most of these are insoluble\nso in case ur not in a lab, the only way is to identify their degree of weakness | Try this site; they explicitly refer to the Molybdenum Spot Test which distinguishes 304 from 316. | eng_Latn | 27,776 |
What is zinc nitrate? | (m)\n\nSynonyms: Nitric acid, zinc salt solution; Zinc Nitrate Solution \nCAS No.: 7779-88-6 (Anhydrous) \nMolecular Weight: Not applicable to mixtures. \nChemical Formula: Zn(NO3)2 \nProduct Codes: 4346 \n\nEmergency Overview \n-------------------------- \nDANGER! STRONG OXIDIZER. CONTACT WITH OTHER MATERIAL MAY CAUSE FIRE. HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED OR INHALED. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT\n\n\nPotential Health Effects \n---------------------------------- \n\nInhalation: \nCauses irritation to the respiratory tract. Symptoms may include coughing, shortness of breath. Methemoglobinemia may occur. \nIngestion: \nCauses irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. If appreciable amounts are ingested, abdominal pain, cramps and nausea may result together with faintness and bluish lips and skin (methemoglobinemia). \nSkin Contact: \nCauses irritation to skin. Symptoms include redness, itching, and pain. \nEye Contact: \nIrritant. Causes redness, tears and pain, possibly blurred vision. \nChronic Exposure: \nZinc salts are eliminated fairly promptly, making chronic effects less than acute. \nAggravation of Pre-existing Conditions: \nNo information found. \n\nFirst Aid Measures\nInhalation: \nRemove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention. \nIngestion: \nIf swallowed, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Give large quantities of water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention immediately. \nSkin Contact: \nWipe off excess material from skin then immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. \nEye Contact: \nImmediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention immediately. \n\nFire Fighting Measures\nFire: \nNot combustible, but substance is a strong oxidizer and its heat of reaction with reducing agents or combustibles may cause ignition. Increases flammability of any combustible substance in contact with it. \nExplosion: \nNot considered to be an explosion hazard. \nFire Extinguishing Media: \nWater or water spray in early stages of fire. Foam or dry chemical may also be used. \nSpecial Information: \nIn the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. \n\n\nHandling and Storage\nKeep in a tightly closed container, stored in a cool, dry, ventilated area. Protect against physical damage and moisture. Isolate from any source of heat or ignition. Avoid storage on wood floors. Separate from incompatibles, combustibles, organic or other readily oxidizable materials. Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (vapors, liquid); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product. \n\nPhysical and Chemical Properties\nAppearance: \nColorless to yellowish liquid. \nOdor: \nSlight nitric acid odor. \nSolubility: \nSoluble in water. \nSpecific Gravity: \nNo information found. \npH: \nNo information found. \n% Volatiles by volume @ 21C (70F): \n0 \nBoiling Point: \nNo information found. \nMelting Point: \nNo information found. \nVapor Density (Air=1): \nNo information found. \nVapor Pressure (mm Hg): \nNo information found. \nEvaporation Rate (BuAc=1): \nNo information found. \n\nStability: \nStable under ordinary conditions of use and storage. \nHazardous Decomposition Products: \nOxides of nitrogen and toxic metal fumes may form when heated to decomposition. \nHazardous Polymerization: \nWill not occur. \nIncompatibilities: \nMetal powders, cyanides, sodium hypophosphite, stannous chloride, phosphorus, thiocyanates, carbon, metallic sulfides, sulfur, organic materials. Substance is capable of reac | Talk to your doctor and you know Yahoo does have a Health and search engine sites. | eng_Latn | 27,777 |
is the titration technique limited to acid/base reactions? | As one of the standard analysis method, titration is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. 1. Purity analysis of pharmaceutically active substances: acid-base titration such as acid-base neutralization reactions is the most used titration method in pharmaceutical industry. The typical example is the purity control of ephedrine hydrochloride. | Best Answer: In an acid-base titration the idea is to carry out a neutralization reaction between an acid solution and a base solution in order to determine the concentration of either an unknown acid or base solution.This requires that you know the concentration of the other solution as accurately as possible.eport Abuse. Standardization is where you accurately determine the concentration of the titrant (the liquid in the buret) before performing a titration. Alkaline solutions like NaOH are standardized using potassium hydrogen phthalate, a very stable organic acid. | eng_Latn | 27,778 |
where can you buy potassium permanganate | Where to Buy . You can buy potassium permanganate at Amazon, in pet stores, pool supply stores, and hardware stores. Pay attention to the concentration that you are getting when you it. Usually the concentration is 1% to 5%, which will then be dissolved further with water. If possible, buy small packets of 1g potassium permanganate. This will make it easier to measure out dosages. You can also get tablets of potassium permanganate. Tablets generally have 400mg per tablet. | Potassium manganate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2MnO4. This green-colored salt is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of potassium permanganate, a common chemical. Occasionally, potassium manganate and potassium permanganate are confused, but they are different compounds with distinctly different properties. | eng_Latn | 27,779 |
what is sodium PCA | About SODIUM PCA: Sodium PCA is a derivative of naturally occurring amino acid proline; it is used as a conditioning agent. Function(s): Hair Conditioning Agent; Humectant; Skin-Conditioning Agent-Humectant; ANTISTATIC; SKIN CONDITIONING.bout SODIUM PCA: Sodium PCA is a derivative of naturally occurring amino acid proline; it is used as a conditioning agent. Function(s): Hair Conditioning Agent; Humectant; Skin-Conditioning Agent-Humectant; ANTISTATIC; SKIN CONDITIONING. | Sodium PCA (sodium salt of pyro glutamic acid) is another natural ly occurring humectant that active ly draws moisture from the air and then binds it to the skin.Sodium PCA. Function: Moisturizing. Description: also used as a Hair Conditioning & Skin-Conditioning Agent-Humectant. Sodium Phytate ...odium PCA (sodium salt of pyro glutamic acid) is another natural ly occurring humectant that active ly draws moisture from the air and then binds it to the skin. Sodium PCA. Function: Moisturizing. Description: also used as a Hair Conditioning & Skin-Conditioning Agent-Humectant. | eng_Latn | 27,780 |
what is the chemical formula for ammonium sulfate | The ammonium ion is a positively charged ion or cation and has the chemical formula, NH 4 +. Ammonium salts are commonly used in fertilizers. Examples of compounds containing the ammonium ion include, ammonium nitrate, NH 4 NO 3 and ammonium sulfate, (NH 4) 2 SO 4. All ammonium salts are soluble in water and dissociate or break down to produce aqueous ammonium ions. NH 4 NO 3 4 + (aq) + NO 3 - (aq) where aq = aqueous (surrounded by water) and s = solid. The ammonium ion is formed by the neutralization of the base ammonia, NH 3 with and acid. NH 3 + HNO 3 4 NO 3. NH 3 + H 2 SO 4 4) 2 SO 4. The ammonium ion has one co-ordinate covalent bond which involves the nitrogen atom donating two electrons in one of the N-H bonds. | Albuterol sulfate has the chemical name α1-[(tert-Butylamino)methyl]-4-hydroxy-m-xylene-α,α'-diol sulfate (2:1) (salt) and the following structural formula: Albuterol sulfate has a molecular weight of 576.71, and the molecular formula is (C13H21NO3)2â¢H2SO4. Albuterol sulfate is a white or practically white powder, freely soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. The World Health Organization recommended name for Albuterol base is salbutamol. | eng_Latn | 27,781 |
what is it called when measuring the absorbency of something | Absorbance is the negative logarithm of the percent transmittance divided by 100. A spectrophotometer can be set to measure either the percent transmittance or the absorbance of a solution. In lab, you will be using a spectrophotometer called the Spectronic 20 or Spec 20 to measure absorbance. | In this method, the protein concentration is determined by the absorbance at 205 nm in which the peptide bonds are analyzed directly. DNA or RNA purity can also be determined by measuring the absorbance ratios of 260 to 280 nm. This is because the nucleic acids that make up DNA and RNA absorb strongly at 260 nm. | eng_Latn | 27,782 |
In this chapter we shall discuss the principles associated with the study of molecular motions in liquids by means of electron spin relaxation. In particular, we shall concentrate on molecular reorientations although other motions will also be discussed. In fact, it should be noted that a relatively unique application of magnetic resonance in liquid studies arises from the fact that although a variety of experimental techniques can be used to study molecular reorientation, only magnetic resonance and rotational raman studies can yield direct information concerning molecular angular momentum in liquids, and this information is obtained not by studying reorientation but by studying spin-rotational effects which are discussed in Chapter XI. | Heisenberg spin exchange rates and dipole-dipole spin lattice relaxation rates for deuterated 14N- and 15N-spin labels bound selectively to the histidine His15 and to the lysines Lys13, 96, 97 of the lysozyme molecule have been determined with the aid of electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The results can be interpreted in terms of a two dimensional translational diffusion of the nitroxide tips of the spin labels along the protein surface within restricted surface areas. The spin labels are regarded as models for long amino acid side chains and as probes for the dynamics of protein and water in the vicinity of the protein surface. The translational diffusion coefficient DPII is reduced by a factor of between six and thirty compared to the value of D found for the spin labels in bulk water, its value for T = 295 K is given by (1.3±0.6)·10−10m2s−1 ≥ DΠ ≥ (2.4±0.3) 10−11 m2s−1. | Purpose of review Cosmetic and reconstructive medical tattooing techniques are being used with a higher frequency than ever before. The volume of scientific research into its basics, however, is too small to prevent the present occurrence of complications. This review shows that most of the recent articles on the subject are in fact case reports and that many of the complications described result from the failure to conduct more research. Recent findings Recent findings include few and relatively unimportant new techniques, studies describing tattoo removal with laser, magnetic displacement and chemical irritants, more findings about infections and allergies, and complications with high field-strength magnetic resonance imaging scans. Summary Recent literature contains very few useful studies because generally they are not supported by sufficient scientific research. | eng_Latn | 27,783 |
Derization problem in conjugated polymers | Abstract Applying the self-consistent solitonic approach [1] to the extended Peierls-Hubbard model on odd rings, the interplay of el-el interactions U, V , various off-diagonal interactions, and external dimerization for the dimerization amplitude is studied by exact diagonalizations in the adiabatic limit. The applicability of an effective spin-Peierls Hamiltonian in the intermediate correlation regime U ~ 3t typical for conjugated polymers and an approximate analytical solution based on the Bethe-ansatz solution for the spin velocity and the continuum model solution for the spin-Peierls problem are discussed. | It is shown that theoretically predicted optical size resonances in diatomic nanostructures manifest themselves in As dimers at the clean GaAs(100) surfaces in the case of anisotropic reflection of light. The polarizing contribution of the substrate to effective polarizabilities of the dimer atoms was taken into account. Formulas for the reflectance of the surface with dimers were derived. | eng_Latn | 27,784 |
Precision measurement of the birefringence of quartz crystal at 1 310 nm based on the spectroscopic ellipsometer | Abstract In order to get the precision measurement of birefringence of quartz crystal at the communication wavelength 1310nm, based on the principle of precision measurement of phase difference between P and S polarized lights of spectroscopic ellipsometer, a method for precision measurement of birefringence of crystal was designed through the analysis of the Jones matrix under the transmission mode, and the precision measurement of birefringence of quartz crystal at 1 310 nm at room temperature (22 degrees C) was made, the measuring results and error analysis show that the precision reached 10(-6) level, this is the most precise birefringence parameter available, and it is of important significance for the improvement of designing precision of phase retardation devices of quartz. | We theoretically propose a method to identify $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}s$-wave order parameter in recently discovered Fe-pnictide superconductors. Our idea uses the Riedel anomaly in ac-Josephson current through a $\text{SI}(\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\text{S})$ (single-band $s$-wave superconductor/insulator/$\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}s$-wave two-band superconductor) junction. We show that the Riedel peak effect leads to vanishing ac-Josephson current at some values of biased voltage. This phenomenon does not occur in the case when the $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}s$-wave superconductor is replaced by a conventional $s$-wave one so that the observation of this vanishing Josephson current would be a clear signature of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}s$-wave pairing state in Fe-pnictide superconductors. | eng_Latn | 27,785 |
Multicanonical study of the 3d ising spin glass at zero temperature | Abstract Using multicanonical sampling, zero-temperature properties of the 3d Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass model are studied. Finite size scaling with a zero-temperature scaling exponent y = 0.74±0.12 describes the data well. Alternatively, a descriptions in terms of Parisi mean field behavior is still possible. The two scenarios give significantly different predictions on lattices of size ≥12 3 . | We apply a polarization Wigner formalism to the propagation of polarization in a Young interferometer within paraxial approximation. With a very simple ray picture, we obtain complete and rigorous information about polarization evolution via the superposition of the spatial-angular Stokes parameters associated with three light rays. We compare the degree of polarization in the interference region with several measures of the degree of coherence for vectorial fields. | eng_Latn | 27,786 |
Spin wave excitations in the tetragonal double perovskite Sr 2 CuWO 6 | LET, a cold neutron multi-disk chopper spectrometer at ISIS | Microtubule capture by CENP-E silences BubR1-dependent mitotic checkpoint signaling | eng_Latn | 27,787 |
Intermolecular potentials from nuclear spin lattice relaxation in pure gases with octahedral symmetry | Analysis on holdup during processing UF6 | Automatic Classification of Restricted Lattice Walks | eng_Latn | 27,788 |
De Haas-van Alphen effect and anisotropic magnetization of singlet ground state PrSb in high magnetic field | Extremely large magnetoresistance and Fermi surface topology of PrSb | High-affinity glucose uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not dependent on the presence of glucose-phosphorylating enzymes | eng_Latn | 27,789 |
Ground state of the geometrically frustrated compound Tb2Sn2O7 | Slow spin tunneling in the paramagnetic phase of the pyrochlore Nd2Sn2O7 | Recent Developments inβ-Zn4Sb3Based Thermoelectric Compounds | eng_Latn | 27,790 |
Hall effect in a three-dimensional percolation system. | High resolution Hall measurements across the VO2 metal-insulator transition reveal impact of spatial phase separation | General Perturbations Theories Derived from the 1965 Lane Drag Theory | eng_Latn | 27,791 |
Critical Fields in Ferromagnetic Thin Films: Identification of Four Regimes | The Formation and Coarsening of the Concertina Pattern | A Reduced Theory for Thin-Film Micromagnetics | eng_Latn | 27,792 |
Numerical-Diagonalization Study of Magnetization Process of Frustrated Spin-1/2 Heisenberg Antiferromagnets in Two Dimensions: —Triangular- and Kagome-Lattice Antiferromagnets— | Magnetism of the N=42 kagome lattice antiferromagnet | Magnetism of the N=42 kagome lattice antiferromagnet | eng_Latn | 27,793 |
Ab initiotheoretical study of magnetization and phase stability of the(Fe,Co,Ni)23B6and(Fe,Co,Ni)23Zr6structures ofCr23C6andMn23Th6prototypes | Modern Magnetic Materials: Principles and Applications | No iron fertilization in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last ice age | eng_Latn | 27,794 |
Ferromagnetic Coupling through Spin Polarization in a Dinuclear Copper(II) Metallacyclophane. | A luminescent supramolecular assembly composed of a single-walled carbon nanotube and a molecular magnet precursor | No iron fertilization in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last ice age | eng_Latn | 27,795 |
Low-spin identical bands in neighboring odd-A and even-even nuclei | Occurrence and Properties of Low Spin Identical Bands in Normal-Deformed Even-Even Nuclei | EXO0748−676 Rules out Soft Equations of State for Neutron Star Matter | eng_Latn | 27,796 |
Transfer matrices for the zero-temperature Potts antiferromagnet on cyclic and Möbius lattice strips | Planar triangulations with real chromatic roots arbitrarily close to four | Thermal stability of Al–Fe–Ni alloy at high temperatures | eng_Latn | 27,797 |
Spiral magnetic structure in spin-5/2 frustrated trimerized chains in SrMn3P4O14 | Neutron diffraction of magnetic materials | The molecular structure of β-alanine is resistant to sterilising doses of gamma radiation | eng_Latn | 27,798 |
Absence of detectable MOKE signals from spin Hall effect in metals | Direct visualization of current-induced spin accumulation in topological insulators | The high-risk criteria low-attenuation plaque <60 HU and the napkin-ring sign are the most powerful predictors of MACE: a long-term follow-up study | eng_Latn | 27,799 |
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