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Achieving"Massive MIMO"Spectral Efficiency with a Not-so-Large Number of Antennas | Capacity of a Mobile Multiple-Antenna Communication Link in Rayleigh Flat Fading | Foundations of data-aware process analysis: a database theory perspective | eng_Latn | 5,700 |
what is a multi user mimo | In radio, multiple-input and multiple-output, or MIMO (pronounced /ËmaɪmoÊ/ or /ËmiËmoÊ/), is a method for multiplying the capacity of a radio link using multiple transmit and receive antennas to exploit multipath propagation. | A multi-user operating system differs from a single-user system on a network in that each user is accessing the same OS at different machines. The operating system on a computer is one of the most important programs used. | eng_Latn | 5,701 |
A Monte Carlo technique for system diagnostics, monitoring, and surveillance | We present a Monte Carlo technique for on-line diagnostics, monitoring, and surveillance of multicomponent systems exhibiting Markovian behavior. The diagnostic approach presented in this paper extends the concept of dynamic event trees' by utilizing system simulation models, component reliability data, and system measurements in an efficient manner for the purpose of system diagnostics, monitoring, and surveillance. By using a Monte Carlo solution of the stochastic balance equation, we determine which system component functional configurations are possible, given an observed system state evolution, and, of these possible configurations, which are the most probable. In doing so we make it possible to rank the numerous possible failure/degradation combinations that could result in the observed system state evolution by probability of occurrence. Application and utility of the new approach are demonstrated through the analysis of component failure in a simple three-component dynamic system. | This paper studies the secure multiterminal source coding problem with actions. In particular, one main encoder observes an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) source Xn and wishes to compress this source lossyly to the decoder. Another encoder observes the source Yn and wants to compress this source losslessly to the decoder. A passive eavesdropper having access to the side information Zn can observe the information bits sent by the main encoder. In this scenario, the decoder is allowed to choose actions affecting the correlated source Yn and the side information Zn. For this problem, we characterize the optimal rate-distortion-cost-leakage region for a discrete memoryless setting. | eng_Latn | 5,702 |
Generalization of the classical delay-and-sum technique by using nonlinear dirac-delta functions | We presented a generalization of the delay-and-sum beamforming based on the Dirac-Delta functions but with nonlinear argument. For this end, a closed-form expression of the beampattern $\mathcal{B}(r)=\sum\nolimits_{k,q}w(k,q,r)x(k,q,r)$ with r = r(θ), was derived. This expression is computationally simulated through an algorithm that includes integer-order Bessel input functions and random noise. The 4M+N model parameters provided by the Dirac-Delta method are extracted by using a Monte-Carlo-like step which selects the best values for B(r) minimizing the Monte-Carlo error for Δθ = 0.5% for the case of beam response of θ 0 =30 degrees. These results might sustain the fact that beamforming techniques can use Dirac-Delta functions for modeling arrival signal even in those cases where strong nonlinearity is involved. | Let $\mu$ be a general stochastic measure, where we assume for $\mu$ only $\sigma$-additivity in probability and continuity of paths. We prove that the symmetric integral $\int_{[0,T]}f(\mu_t, t)\circ\,{\rm d}\mu_t$ is well defined. For stochastic equations with this integral, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of a solution. | eng_Latn | 5,703 |
Performance Analysis of MQAM with Errors-and-Erasures Decoding to Mitigate the Effects of Pulse-Noise Interference | The performance of a system utilizing an M-ary quadrature-amplitude modulation waveform transmitted over a frequency-selective, slowly fading, Nakagami channel with pulse-niose interference in addition to additive white Gaussian noise is examined. The underlying information bits are assumed to be convolutionally encoded with a binary convolutional code prior to transmission over the channel, and the receiver is assumed to use errors-and-erasures demodulation and Viterbi decoding. The performance obtained with errors-and-erasures demodulation and decoding is compared with the performance obtained with errors-only hard decision Viterbi decoding. | Consider arbitrary collections A = a_1,a_2,.. .,a_n of items and Q = q_1,q_2,...,q_m (1 leqslant mn leqslant n) of queries from a totally ordered universe. The multiple rank problem involves computing for every query qi the number of items in A that have a lesser value. Our contribution is to show that the problem at hand can be solved time-optimally on meshes with multiple broadcasting. More specifically, if the collection A is siored in some order one item per processor and if Q is stored one query per processor in the leftmost frac{m} {{sqrt n }} columns of a mesh with multiple broadcasting of size sqrt n x /sqrt n, the corresponding instance of the multiple rank problem can be solved in Theta left( {m^{frac{1} {3}} n^{frac{1} {6}} } right) time. As an application we present a time-optimal algorithm to compute the histogram of a m-level gray image of size sqrt n x sqrt n in Theta left( {m^{frac{1} {3}} n^{frac{1} {6}} } right) time. | eng_Latn | 5,704 |
LibGuides: Library Resources for Honors 103 and 104: Finding Books and Journals in the IUS Library | This guide is designed to 1) connect students in H103 and H104 with relevant library resources and 2) provide information about searching for and evaluating information. | A geometric approach in the design of codebooks for OR frequency-hopping multiple-access (FHMA) channels is developed by treating a signal matrix as a finite set of distinct points. The relationship among the parameters of an interference-free j-distinguishable-point codebook, j>or=1, is established by using coordinate-free arguments. Geometry induced by such a codebook is characterized, and the design of a well-structured j-distinguishable-point codebook is related to a block design problem. It is shown that a well-structured 1-distinguishable-point codebook implies the axiom system of a finite affine plane. > | kor_Hang | 5,705 |
A Very Low Complexity QRD-M Algorithm Based on Limited Tree Search for MIMO Systems | We present a very low complexity QRD-M algorithm for MIMO systems. The original QRD-M algorithm decomposes the MIMO channel matrix into upper triangular matrix and applies a limited tree search. To accomplish near- MLD(Maximum Likelihood Detection) performance for QRD-M algorithm, number of search points at each layer must be the modulation size. In the proposed scheme, each of survival branches are extended only to the corresponding QR decomposition (QRD)-based detection symbol in the next layer and its neighboring symbols in the constellation. Using this approach, we can significantly decrease the complexity of conventional QRD-M algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm scheme achieves the detection performance near to that of the MLD with negligibly low complexity. | In this paper we propose a hybrid queuing strategy to reduce the blocking rate of channel allocation for multiple priority calls in Multimedia Mobile Networks (MMNs). The proposed scheme is provided with an analytic model, wherein a Two- Dimension Markov Process. In numerical results, our proposed method show correct analytic model and has better performance result than previous methods in MMNs. | eng_Latn | 5,706 |
Combinatorial approach to exactly solving discrete and hybrid berth allocation problem | This paper presents an exact combinatorial algorithm for solving the Discrete Berth Allocation Problem (DBAP) and the Hybrid Berth Allocation Problem (HBAP) with fixed handling times of vessels based on the original algorithm for solving combinatorial problems called Sedimentation Algorithm. We address the issues of DBAP and HBAP according to the Rashidi and Tsang model. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed algorithm is the first exact combinatorial algorithm for solving the general DBAP and HBAP based on Rashidi and Tsang model. Computational results prove the superiority of the proposed algorithms compared with the exact solvers based on the Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) models. Efficient C implementation enabled us to solve instances with up to 65 vessels. This resolves most of the real life problems, even in large ports. | In this paper we develop closed-form approximations for the coded BER in bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) transmission over Rayleigh fading channels. To obtain the desired expressions we apply the so-called saddle point approximation and use analytical forms of the probability density functions (PDF) of the reliability metrics. Numerical examples illustrate the accuracy of the proposed method. | eng_Latn | 5,707 |
Phase Synchronisation for FBMC/OQAM Fiber-Optic Transmissions | In this paper, we investigate two phase synchronisation schemes for FBMC/OQAM (lterbank based multicarriers) in ber-optic transmissions. We start by investigating pilotbased phase synchronisation, using the so-called auxiliary pilot method [2] consisting in using the pilot's neighbour symbol to compensate for the imaginary intersymbol interference. We derive the maximum likelihood estimator based on the observation of the pilots and analyse its performance. In the second part, taking advantage of the particular shape of the received constellation, a semi-blind channel estimation scheme presented in [3] is adapted to the phase synchronisation issue. It uses the spatial-sign covariance matrix to identify the main variance axis and infer the rotation of the constellation. Both methods are compared and their performance is analyzed by simulations. | The purpose of this paper is to solve Quality-of-Service (QoS) multicast routing problem by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The QoS multicast routing optimization problem was transformed into a quasi-continuous problem by constructing a new integer coding and the constrained conditions in the problem were solved by the method of penalty function. The experimental results indicated that the proposed algorithm could converge to the optimal on near-optimal solution with less computational cost. It also appeared that PSO outperformed Genetic Algorithm on QoS the tested multicast routing problem. | eng_Latn | 5,708 |
Ultra-short-wave propagation: mobile urban transmission characteristics | This paper, a sequel to one entitled “Ultra-Short-Wave Propagation,” deals with transmission in urban areas. The experimental data were obtained in the City of Boston on a frequency of 34.6 megacycles per second by means of a specially equipped motor car for carrying the receiver while the transmitter was fixed or vice versa. | We discuss a role of the double helicity-flip amplitudes and derive new unitary bounds for these amplitudes in elastic $pp$-scattering at small values of $t$. We show that the usual assumption on the smallness of such amplidudes can be justified only in the shrinking with energy region of small $t$ values. | eng_Latn | 5,709 |
Performance Comparison of Linear Precoders for TDD Large Scale MIMO System with Imperfect Reciprocity and Channel Estimations | Channel estimation is an essential component, in which channel state information playing very important role in wireless communications. But acquiring CSI in practice is a challenging issue for massive MIMO systems. To reduce the over burden for obtaining channel impulse response of huge Multi input multi output system channel reciprocity in TDD domain is suggested, because the forward link channel data can be derived from the reverse link signal without any feedback involvement. Because of mismatches at uplink, downlink channels maintaining reciprocity in TDD systems is impractical. We study the impact of multiplicative reciprocity error for precoders (Zero forcing, MMSE and MRT) performance along with channel estimation error. In this paper effect of RF mismatches impact on linear precoders is analyzed and simulated in terms of SINR versus SNR under additive white Gaussian noise. | Firstly, according to the definitions in the ISO 9646 about the protocol conformance testing, some basic concepts of protocol conformance testing are presented. Secondly, the basic theory, definition, and properties of the labelled transition system (LTS) are given. By using the theory LTS, the test suite, test case and test generation are defined. Thirdly, the implementation relation which plays a important role in test generation is described. Finally, after giving the definition of the input/output system implementation relation, the implementation relation ioco is introduced, in which the input/output system and Δ transformation are used, and a test automation algorithm is given. | eng_Latn | 5,710 |
Spatial compatible user grouping algorithm for multiuser MIMO systems | A spatial compatible user grouping algorithm is proposed to reduce CoChannel Interference (CCI) in Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) multiuser Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. We evaluate the interferences among users by use of distances between row spaces spanned by users’ channel matrixes, then control frequency sharing according to the compatible user grouping algorithm. Results show that the row space distance algorithm outperforms others because it can fully utilize the information from users’ channel matrixes, especially the matrix structure information. The results also prove that the algorithm based on channel matrix structure analysis is a better candidate for spatial compatibility approximation. | In this paper, the design of double serially concatenated convolutional codes with S-type permutors, i.e., permutors that provide a nontrivial separation, is considered. Based on a newly introduced parameter, namely, the so-called symbol span, a joint design of the outer and inner permutor is presented and its impact on the minimum distance of the overall code is analyzed. It is shown that a lower bound on the minimum distance that is given by the product of the free distances of all three component codes can be guaranteed. Design tables and simulation results are presented that include comparisons with single serially concatenated convolutional codes. In addition, a comparison with double/generalized repeat accumulate codes is briefly sketched. | eng_Latn | 5,711 |
Robust Linear Processing for Downlink Multiuser MIMO System with Imperfectly Known Channel | In practical systems, due to the time-varying radio channel, the channel state information (CSI) may not be known well at both transmitters and receivers. For most of the current multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) schemes, they suffer a significant degression on the performance due to the mismatch between the true and estimated CSI. To alleviate the performance penalty, a robust downlink multiuser MIMO scheme is proposed in this paper by exploiting the channel mean and antenna correlation. These channel statistics are more stable than the imperfect CSI estimation in the time-varying radio channel, and they are used, in the proposed scheme, to minimize the total mean squared error under the sum power constraint. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme effectively mitigates the performance loss due to the CSI mismatch. | This paper presents a divide-and-conquer approach to developing visualization software for scientific analysis of high resolution, volume datasets on, distributed memory parallel computers. A direct volume rendering method is discussed and the design of the parallel implementation of the original sequential algorithm is highlighted. For this algorithm, the data, once distributed, remains in place regardless of the viewer's location, and no interprocessor communication is required during scene generation. The software was developed using an early version of the Message Passing Interface (MPI), and the MPI features used in this application are discussed. Finally, test results indicating the performance of our parallel implementation on an nCUBE 2 are presented and analyzed. > | eng_Latn | 5,712 |
On the convergence of 2-dimensional markov chains in quadrants with boundary reflection | The aim of this paper is to prove a limit theorem on the weak convergence of a family of rescaled Markov chains in a quadrant with boundary reflection. The limiting process is specified in terms of solutions of a certain submartingale problem in the style used by Varadhan and Williams. The obtained result is then applied to the problem of approximating an arbitrary Brownian motion with oblique reflection in a wedge by a family of Markov chains. | We consider the throughput performance of ARQ in interfering channels, where the signal of interest as well as the interferers are subject to independent distributed Nakagami-m block fading. The key contribution is the derivation of closedform expressions for the rate-maximized throughput. For this purpose, we employ the powerful parameterization approach from [1], allowing the problem to be solved exactly in a closedform. We also consider the scaled-power, and the interferencelimited, case. | eng_Latn | 5,713 |
Accurate numerical steady-state solutions for a diffused one-dimensional junction diode | Abstract A set of accurate steady-state solutions for a diffused junction diode is presented. The internal consequences of biasing of the diode are demonstrated by the spatial distributions of the mobile charge carriers, the electrostatic potential and the space charge. The terminal characteristics presented include the V - I characteristic and the low frequency capacitance. | A geometric approach in the design of codebooks for OR frequency-hopping multiple-access (FHMA) channels is developed by treating a signal matrix as a finite set of distinct points. The relationship among the parameters of an interference-free j-distinguishable-point codebook, j>or=1, is established by using coordinate-free arguments. Geometry induced by such a codebook is characterized, and the design of a well-structured j-distinguishable-point codebook is related to a block design problem. It is shown that a well-structured 1-distinguishable-point codebook implies the axiom system of a finite affine plane. > | eng_Latn | 5,714 |
About the diophantine equation x~2-53=4y~2 | In this paper, the author made use of the ideal resolvtionin algebra number theory and proved that the diophantin equation x~2-53=4y~2 had only integer solution (x,y)=(±7, -1 ). | A geometric approach in the design of codebooks for OR frequency-hopping multiple-access (FHMA) channels is developed by treating a signal matrix as a finite set of distinct points. The relationship among the parameters of an interference-free j-distinguishable-point codebook, j>or=1, is established by using coordinate-free arguments. Geometry induced by such a codebook is characterized, and the design of a well-structured j-distinguishable-point codebook is related to a block design problem. It is shown that a well-structured 1-distinguishable-point codebook implies the axiom system of a finite affine plane. > | eng_Latn | 5,715 |
DFT Spread Generalized Multi-Carrier Scheme for Broadband Mobile Communications | A DFT spread Generalized Multi-Carrier (GMC) based Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) scheme, i.e. DFT-S-GMC, is proposed for uplink transmission of wideband mobile communication systems. The scheme achieves spreading gains in the frequency-domain by Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), and the Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) and FDMA by Inverse Filter-Bank Transform (IFBT). By theoretical analysis and simulation results, it is shown that the proposed scheme has good Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) performance and is more robust to the Multi-Access Interference (MAI) than the existed main stream uplink schemes, e.g. OFDMA and DFT-S-OFDMA scheme. | This paper addresses mainly the problem of private data protection in network communication against eavesdropping attacks. As this kind of attacks is stealthy and untraceable, it is barely detectable for those feature detection or static configuration based passive defense approaches. We propose a Moving Target Defense(MTD) method by utilizing the protocol customization ability of Protocol-Oblivious Forwarding (POF). The novel full protocol stack randomization MTD can greatly increase the difficulty of implementing network eavesdropping attack and protect the privacy of the network communication process. | eng_Latn | 5,716 |
Channel estimation algorithms for OFDM systems | In this work we have applied Adapive Boosting (AdaBoost) for channel estimation of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The result of the AdaBoost algorithm was compared with other algorithms such Least Square (LS), Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE). | Supply chain management is categorised into a discrete resource allocation problem amongst several business units, and requires an optimal solution in terms of product distribution. Market-Oriented programming, which integrates market economics concept into multi-agent paradigm, solves product distribution problem by allocating the scheduled resources according to market prices. We formulate supply chain model as virtual market with the aggregation of agents based on the market-oriented programming, and demonstrate the applicability of economic analysis to this framework. | eng_Latn | 5,717 |
On the Capacity of Generalized- $K$ Fading MIMO Channels | This correspondence explores the ergodic capacity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems operating in generalized- K fading conditions. Using some recent results on majorization theory, we derive an analytical capacity bound which is applicable for arbitrary values of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and number of antenna elements. In addition, we deduce simple bound approximations in the high-SNR regime and demonstrate that the effects of small and large-scale fading are decoupled. A similar statistical analysis is carried out for MIMO channels under K-fading, which represents a special case of generalized-K fading that can be tackled via the Wishart matrix theory. The implications of the model parameters on the bound performance are also investigated via Monte Carlo simulations. | Consider arbitrary collections A = a_1,a_2,.. .,a_n of items and Q = q_1,q_2,...,q_m (1 leqslant mn leqslant n) of queries from a totally ordered universe. The multiple rank problem involves computing for every query qi the number of items in A that have a lesser value. Our contribution is to show that the problem at hand can be solved time-optimally on meshes with multiple broadcasting. More specifically, if the collection A is siored in some order one item per processor and if Q is stored one query per processor in the leftmost frac{m} {{sqrt n }} columns of a mesh with multiple broadcasting of size sqrt n x /sqrt n, the corresponding instance of the multiple rank problem can be solved in Theta left( {m^{frac{1} {3}} n^{frac{1} {6}} } right) time. As an application we present a time-optimal algorithm to compute the histogram of a m-level gray image of size sqrt n x sqrt n in Theta left( {m^{frac{1} {3}} n^{frac{1} {6}} } right) time. | eng_Latn | 5,718 |
Secure Multiterminal Source Coding With Actions | This paper studies the secure multiterminal source coding problem with actions. In particular, one main encoder observes an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) source Xn and wishes to compress this source lossyly to the decoder. Another encoder observes the source Yn and wants to compress this source losslessly to the decoder. A passive eavesdropper having access to the side information Zn can observe the information bits sent by the main encoder. In this scenario, the decoder is allowed to choose actions affecting the correlated source Yn and the side information Zn. For this problem, we characterize the optimal rate-distortion-cost-leakage region for a discrete memoryless setting. | Results on performance statistics of a single server queue fed by a traffic stream which is modeled by a discrete time Gaussian process are presented. Because such a process can capture the full range of second-order statistics and is closed under superposition, it is a good model for correlated asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) statistical multiplexed traffic. The results include simple formulae for cell loss which can be applied to connection admission control for broadband integrated services digital networks (B-ISDNs). > | eng_Latn | 5,719 |
EVENTUALLY PERIODIC AND ALMOST LINEAR PERIODIC MATRICES OVER QUASI-MAX-PLUS ALGEBRAS | In an effort to extend a classical characterization of primitive matrices with real nonnegative coefficients to matrices with polynomial entries, Akiyama and the author recently introduced a new commutative dioid over the integers. Here a so-called quasi-max-plus algebra which is a variant of this dioid is presented, and some periodicity properties of power sequences of square matrices over a quasi-max-plus algebra are studied. Thereby well-known results of Gavalec and Molnarova on matrices over a max-plus algebra are generalized. | We consider the throughput performance of ARQ in interfering channels, where the signal of interest as well as the interferers are subject to independent distributed Nakagami-m block fading. The key contribution is the derivation of closedform expressions for the rate-maximized throughput. For this purpose, we employ the powerful parameterization approach from [1], allowing the problem to be solved exactly in a closedform. We also consider the scaled-power, and the interferencelimited, case. | yue_Hant | 5,720 |
Apparatus and method for encoding mdio into sgmii transmissions | A method of communication between an Ethernet Media Access Controller (MAC) and a physical interface (PHY) is disclosed. The method includes establishing communication between the MAC and the PHY via a first serial link in accordance with a Serializer Deserializer (SERDES) protocol. In a data transfer mode, data is transferred along the first serial link. Idle frames are transferred within an idle time gap along the link in an idle mode. The PHY is managed by encoding Management Data Input/Output (MDIO) information in one or more MDIO frames, and transferring the one or more MDIO frames within the idle time gap along the first serial link. | Often, the exact model of industrial processes turns out to be too complex for simulation and controller design. It is therefore mandatory to simplify the mathematical description of the process and/or the one of the controller. A particularly attractive simplification criterion is related to the minimization of the L 2 norm of the approximation error. This paper presents an algorithm for solving the L 2-optimal MIMO model reduction problem. It is shown that its convergence to the minima of the approximation error norm is guaranteed. The algorithm proves to be fast and efficient compared to other algorithms suggested in the literature to the same purpose. | eng_Latn | 5,721 |
Decoding algorithms for block codes over two-dimensional signal-constellations | We use the basic code construction by Huber (1987, 1989) with block codes over two-dimensional signal constellations to obtain powerful codes, which can be decoded efficiently. > | In this article, we study nonsmooth convex minimax programming problems with cone constraint and abstract constraint. Our aim is to develop sequential Lagrange multiplier rules for this class of problems in the absence of any constraint qualification. These rules are obtained in terms of ∊-subdifferentials of the functions. As an application of these rules, a sequential dual is proposed and sequential duality results are presented. | eng_Latn | 5,722 |
Mixed /spl Hscr//sub 2///spl Lscr//sub 1/ controllers for continuous-time MIMO systems | We consider the problem of optimizing the /spl Hscr//sub 2/ norm, while keeping the /spl Lscr//sub 1/ norms of some other transfer functions under specified levels. We show that the optimal closed-loop impulse responses of transfer functions in the constraints have finite support, and thus non-rational Laplace transforms. To solve the difficulty of implementing non-rational controllers, we propose a method for synthesizing rational controllers with performance arbitrarily close to optimal. | This paper describes and analyses a new priority CSMA/CD protocol for multichannel local area networks. In this scheme, low priority messages can be transmitted by using the CSMA/CD protocol only when the number of idle channels exceeds a certain value. Following a general description of the proposed priority protocol, this paper analyses the protocol by first formulating the various state transition probabilities of the network. The delay and throughput characteristics of the various priority messages are then calculated and presented. It is found that the performance of this simple scheme is comparable to the priority schemes studies in Reference 8 for CSMA/CD networks. Also, in order not to starve off low priority stations, the largest number of idle channels when the transmission of low priority packets becomes inhibited should not be more than about one third of the total number of channels. | eng_Latn | 5,723 |
Can more than one devices be connected to the RS485 port and monitored individually? Will both devices show up on the monitoring software separately? | I was not able to do that. However I didn't call customer service, they might be able to help. I did find that the equipment was easy to set up and worked flawlessly. | I have a 12'x24' conference room with a 4'x16' table in the middle of the room that seats 4 people on each side. I have a CM-1000USB microphone in the middle of the table and 2 CM-1000 microphones attached to it on each side (about 5' from center). In a recent meeting, with people in the room and people in several remote locations, the presenter wandered around the room constantly. Even though the presenter wasn't wearing a microphone, the 3 microphones on the table picked her up so well that people in the remote locations had no difficulty hearing the presenter. Note that our meeting software has an audio meter and I am able to adjust microphone volume in Windows, if needed. I rarely need to adjust microphone volume (unless there is somebody who is, truly, softspoken talking). Note, as well, that multiple CM-1000's can be daisy-chained into each of the 2 channels of a single CM-1000USB. I don't recall the recommended maximum number of CM-1000's per channel but I have heard of people using 3 or 4 in each channel without any issues. By the way, when daisy-chaining, it isn't necessary to have an equal number of CM-1000's in each channel. It is okay to have 1 in one channel and 2 in the other channel. | eng_Latn | 5,724 |
It's a long story but I only have one USB available. Can I run this keyboard and a mouse at the same time? | If your computer is equipped with Bluetooth then you don't need a USB port to use the keyboard as it is a wireless Bluetooth device. However to charge the keyboard you do need a powered USB port. Perhaps overnight you could use your available USB to charge the keyboard when needed. | I have a 12'x24' conference room with a 4'x16' table in the middle of the room that seats 4 people on each side. I have a CM-1000USB microphone in the middle of the table and 2 CM-1000 microphones attached to it on each side (about 5' from center). In a recent meeting, with people in the room and people in several remote locations, the presenter wandered around the room constantly. Even though the presenter wasn't wearing a microphone, the 3 microphones on the table picked her up so well that people in the remote locations had no difficulty hearing the presenter. Note that our meeting software has an audio meter and I am able to adjust microphone volume in Windows, if needed. I rarely need to adjust microphone volume (unless there is somebody who is, truly, softspoken talking). Note, as well, that multiple CM-1000's can be daisy-chained into each of the 2 channels of a single CM-1000USB. I don't recall the recommended maximum number of CM-1000's per channel but I have heard of people using 3 or 4 in each channel without any issues. By the way, when daisy-chaining, it isn't necessary to have an equal number of CM-1000's in each channel. It is okay to have 1 in one channel and 2 in the other channel. | eng_Latn | 5,725 |
Successive interference cancellation amiable space-time codes with good multiplexing-diversity tradeoff | In this work, we introduce a new space---time coding (STC) paradigm which is based on the joint design of quasi-orthogonal space---time block code (Q-OSTBC) and the successive interference cancellation (SIC) detector. Based on the proposed principle, two high-rate Q-OSTBCs for three and four transmit antennas are designed. The symbols of the proposed Q-OSTBCs are of judiciously designed diversity order which can be effectively exploited by the SIC based receiver to cancel interference as well as to obtain diversity gain. The proposed SIC-amenable STC's amicable quasi-orthogonal structure also lends itself to efficient low-complexity linear decoding. Simulation results show that the proposed STC schemes achieve better multiplexing-diversity tradeoffs than the existing conventional schemes. | Automated understanding of spatio-temporal usage patterns of real-world applications are significant in urban planning. With the capability of smartphones collecting various information using inbuilt sensors, the smart city data is enriched with multiple contexts. Whilst tensor factorization has been successfully used to capture latent factors (patterns) exhibited by the real-world datasets, the multifaceted nature of smart city data needs an improved modeling to utilize multiple contexts in sparse condition. Thus, in our ongoing research, we aim to model this data with a novel Context-Aware Nonnegative Coupled Sparse Matrix Tensor (CAN-CSMT) framework which imposes sparsity constraint to learn the true factors in sparse data. We also aim to develop a fast and efficient factorization algorithm to deal with the scalability problem persistent in the state-of-the-art factorization algorithms. | eng_Latn | 5,726 |
Scalable Non-Binary Distributed Source Coding Using Gray Codes | In this paper we propose a bit-plane based, scalable distributed source coding (DSC) scheme for non-binary correlated sources. In the source coding part of DSC, the symbols are quantized and the quantization indices are converted into binary forms using Gray codes. The channel coding part encodes each bit-plane independently using turbo codes. The turbo decoder that works in binary domain is facilitated by an outer loop that captures the symbol-domain correlation. Simulation results show that, in asymmetric DSC of joint Gaussian sources, the overall system performance is greatly improved by using Gray codes. It is also demonstrated that progressive transmission is well supported | Abstract This study contributes to the literature on socially responsible investing by examining the diversification potential of commodities, specifically oil, gold and clean energy together with the Brazilian Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE). Multivariate GARCH models are used to model volatility spillovers and conditional correlation in pairs of stocks containing ISE. Specifically, A-BEKK and A-DCC models with spillovers are estimated. The models’ results are used to compute and analyze the optimal weights and hedge ratios for stock portfolio holdings. The greatest benefit from diversification is obtained through the acquisition of gold and then OVX. | eng_Latn | 5,727 |
Computational Learning Theory and Language Acquisition | Unsupervised Learning of the Morphology of a Natural Language | Low-Complexity SSOR-Based Precoding for Massive MIMO Systems | eng_Latn | 5,728 |
Communication Efficient Coresets for Empirical Loss Minimization | Accelerating Stochastic Gradient Descent using Predictive Variance Reduction | Voltage Glitch Attacks on Mixed-Signal Systems | eng_Latn | 5,729 |
Semi-Paired Discrete Hashing: Learning Latent Hash Codes for Semi-Paired Cross-View Retrieval | A feasible method for optimization with orthogonality constraints | Visible light communications in intelligent transportation systems | eng_Latn | 5,730 |
A Review on FBMC: An Efficient Multicarrier Modulation System | A Novel Filter-Bank Multicarrier Scheme to Mitigate the Intrinsic Interference: Application to MIMO Systems | Online recurrent extreme learning machine and its application to time-series prediction | kor_Hang | 5,731 |
Cumulative citation recommendation: classification vs. ranking | Learning to link with wikipedia | Generalized BER Analysis of QAM and Its Application to MRC Under Imperfect CSI and Interference in Ricean Fading Channels | eng_Latn | 5,732 |
Double Serially Concatenated Convolutional Codes With Jointly Designed S-Type Permutors | In this paper, the design of double serially concatenated convolutional codes with S-type permutors, i.e., permutors that provide a nontrivial separation, is considered. Based on a newly introduced parameter, namely, the so-called symbol span, a joint design of the outer and inner permutor is presented and its impact on the minimum distance of the overall code is analyzed. It is shown that a lower bound on the minimum distance that is given by the product of the free distances of all three component codes can be guaranteed. Design tables and simulation results are presented that include comparisons with single serially concatenated convolutional codes. In addition, a comparison with double/generalized repeat accumulate codes is briefly sketched. | Let X and Y be two inflnite dimensional real or complex Banach spaces. In this note we determine the forms of surjective additive maps ` : L(X) ! L(Y ) preserving the kernel's dimension or the range's codimension. As consequence, we establish that ` : L(X) ! L(X) preserves the kernel (respectively, the range) if and only if there exists an invertible operator A 2 L(X) such that `(T) = AT (respectively, `(T) = TA) for all T 2 L(X). | eng_Latn | 5,733 |
What is the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm? | What is an intuitive explanation for the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm? | Why does the channel Set Max always show the movie Sooryavansham? | eng_Latn | 5,734 |
Why single way communication in Interstellar? | Why Cooper or Dr. Brand can't send message? | Two players shooting a target alternately | eng_Latn | 5,735 |
For use with more than one channel changes are made to increase what property? | The end result is that the resonant antenna will efficiently feed a signal into the transmission line only when the source signal's frequency is close to that of the design frequency of the antenna, or one of the resonant multiples. This makes resonant antenna designs inherently narrowband, and they are most commonly used with a single target signal. They are particularly common on radar systems, where the same antenna is used for both broadcast and reception, or for radio and television broadcasts, where the antenna is working with a single frequency. They are less commonly used for reception where multiple channels are present, in which case additional modifications are used to increase the bandwidth, or entirely different antenna designs are used. | Early MPEG Layer III encoders used what is now called Constant Bit Rate (CBR). The software was only able to use a uniform bitrate on all frames in an MP3 file. Later more sophisticated MP3 encoders were able to use the bit reservoir to target an average bit rate selecting the encoding rate for each frame based on the complexity of the sound in that portion of the recording. | eng_Latn | 5,736 |
Quantum entanglement used for FTL communication? I'm aware of many ideas people have come up with for this question. I understand why they don't work. However I was thinking about another method involving an array of multiple entangled particles. Each particle in array one would have an entangled corresponding particle in array two. Each array would have particles divided into groups of 2. With each group of two measure the first one to translate a 1 and the second to translate a 0. Someone far away would have a second array entangled in the same pattern as in the first array and would read the binary code sent. I'm assuming this would not work but am unsure why. | "FTL" Communication with Quantum Entanglement? Can quantum entanglement make sending a message, whether audio, video, or even Morse code, instantaneous between two points (faster than it could travel normally at the speed of light)? Let me first be clear, my question is not whether a message can travel faster than light. I simply mean whether a message can be generated here and then a copy of that message heard over there sooner than the message would normally be received. Say a large number of entangled pairs are generated. One half the particles are given to Jack and the opposite ones to Sally. Jack then hops on a ship and travels 8 months to Mars. Sally then manipulates her particles in the form of a message. Do the corresponding opposite particles get manipulated simultaneously so that Jack receives the message instantly instead of the 16 light-minutes for a classically transmitted message? | Is there a $(6,9,3)_2$ code? Does there exist a $1$-error-correcting binary code with block length $6$ and $9$ codewords? The Hamming bound says that for any code $C$ with those parameters, $|C| \le \frac{2^6}{1+6} \approx 9.14$. So, we can't rule out the existence of such a code using the Hamming bound. The Singleton bound says that for any code $C$ with those parameters, $|C| \le 2^{6-3+1} = 16$, so we can't rule out the existence of such a code using the Singleton bound. Also, this can't be a linear code, since $\log_2 9$ isn't an integer. That rules out the possibility of just enumerating the possible generator matrices. I feel a bit silly asking this, but the direct approach (assume $000\ 000$ is in the code, then all others must have Hamming weight $\ge 3$, ...) becomes unmanageable quickly. How else can I go about this? | eng_Latn | 5,737 |
A selective physical layer network coding for wireless two-way relaying | Hot topic: physical-layer network coding | Linear network coding | eng_Latn | 5,738 |
How can one decode a modem? | How do I decode a modem? | How do I design a 4:16 decoder using 3:8 decoder? | eng_Latn | 5,739 |
A Short History of Computational Complexity | Recognizing primes in random polynomial time | design and simulation of multi channel uart for serial communication . | kor_Hang | 5,740 |
Why is pulse code modulation more preferred rather than delta modulation? | Why do we prefer pulse code modulation rather than delta modulation? | What is pulse amplitude modulation? | eng_Latn | 5,741 |
Can more than one device be paired at the same time? (Want to pair two) | By pair, as the name implies is the Bluetooth handshaking protocol, that pairs transmitter to a single receiver.So, you cannot pair more than 1 KM3 to any transmitter.Once you pair to a new device, the prior pairing looses connection.So, you pair one KM3 at a time. Even though it remembers few more devices that were paired before, it can only play to one at a time. | I have a 12'x24' conference room with a 4'x16' table in the middle of the room that seats 4 people on each side. I have a CM-1000USB microphone in the middle of the table and 2 CM-1000 microphones attached to it on each side (about 5' from center). In a recent meeting, with people in the room and people in several remote locations, the presenter wandered around the room constantly. Even though the presenter wasn't wearing a microphone, the 3 microphones on the table picked her up so well that people in the remote locations had no difficulty hearing the presenter. Note that our meeting software has an audio meter and I am able to adjust microphone volume in Windows, if needed. I rarely need to adjust microphone volume (unless there is somebody who is, truly, softspoken talking). Note, as well, that multiple CM-1000's can be daisy-chained into each of the 2 channels of a single CM-1000USB. I don't recall the recommended maximum number of CM-1000's per channel but I have heard of people using 3 or 4 in each channel without any issues. By the way, when daisy-chaining, it isn't necessary to have an equal number of CM-1000's in each channel. It is okay to have 1 in one channel and 2 in the other channel. | eng_Latn | 5,742 |
What defines the compression efficiency of encoders? | Compression efficiency of encoders is typically defined by the bit rate, because compression ratio depends on the bit depth and sampling rate of the input signal. Nevertheless, compression ratios are often published. They may use the Compact Disc (CD) parameters as references (44.1 kHz, 2 channels at 16 bits per channel or 2×16 bit), or sometimes the Digital Audio Tape (DAT) SP parameters (48 kHz, 2×16 bit). Compression ratios with this latter reference are higher, which demonstrates the problem with use of the term compression ratio for lossy encoders. | Code points in the range U+D800–U+DBFF (1,024 code points) are known as high-surrogate code points, and code points in the range U+DC00–U+DFFF (1,024 code points) are known as low-surrogate code points. A high-surrogate code point (also known as a leading surrogate) followed by a low-surrogate code point (also known as a trailing surrogate) together form a surrogate pair used in UTF-16 to represent 1,048,576 code points outside BMP. High and low surrogate code points are not valid by themselves. Thus the range of code points that are available for use as characters is U+0000–U+D7FF and U+E000–U+10FFFF (1,112,064 code points). The value of these code points (i.e., excluding surrogates) is sometimes referred to as the character's scalar value. | eng_Latn | 5,743 |
What does linear mean in RF signals? | What does linear mean in RF? | What are advantages of linear programming? | eng_Latn | 5,744 |
In vitro melanogenesis inhibitory effects of N-feruloyldopamine. | Acanthoic Acid Inhibits Melanogenesis through Tyrosinase Down-regulation and Melanogenic Gene Expression in B16 Melanoma Cells | Norepinephrine-induced interleukin-6 increase in rat hearts: differential signal transduction in myocytes and non-myocytes | eng_Latn | 5,745 |
The neurophysiology underlying temporal perception significantly overlaps with areas of dysfunction identified in schizophrenia. Patients commonly exhibit distorted temporal perception, which likely contributes to functional impairments. Thus, study of temporal perception in animal models of the disease may help to understand both cognitive and neurobiological factors involved in functional impairments in patients. As maternal immune activation (MIA) has been shown to be a significant etiological risk factor in development of schizophrenia and other developmental psychiatric diseases, we tested interval timing in a rat model of MIA that has previously been shown to recapitulate several behavioural and neurophysiological impairments observed in the disease. Rats were tested on a temporal-bisection task, in which temporal duration stimuli were categorized as either “short” or “long” by responding to a corresponding lever. Data from this task were modeled to provide estimates of accuracy and sensitivity of temporal perception. Parameter estimates derived from the model fitting showed that MIA rats significantly overestimated the passage of time compared to controls. These results indicate that the MIA rat paradigm recapitulates timing distortions that are phenotypical of schizophrenia. These findings lend further support to the epidemiological validity of this MIA rat model, supporting its relevance for future research into the role of maternal immune activation in producing neurobiological and behavioural impairments in schizophrenia. | Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of methamphetamine on the performance of rats in two timing tasks. When food sometimes followed the first response after T sec of a signal, the response rate increased to a peak near T sec and then declined. Methamphetamine decreased the time of the peak (Experiments 1 and 2). When one response (called a "short response") was reinforced following a short signal and a different response (a "long response") was reinforced following a long signal (where the short and long signals were 1 and 4, 2 and 8, or 4 and 16 sec), the probability of a long response increased as a function of signal duration. The point of indifference (50% long response) occurred near the geometric mean of the extreme durations, and methamphetamine decreased the point of indifference by about 10%. These results suggest that methamphetamine increases the speed of an internal clock used by rats in time discrimination tasks. | An emerging area of research in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the role of prenatal exposure to inflammatory mediators during critical developmental periods. Epidemiological data has highlighted this relationship showing significant correlations between prenatal exposure to pathogens, including influenza, and the occurrence of ASD. Although there has not been a definitive molecular mechanism established, researchers have begun to investigate this relationship as animal models of maternal infection have support- ed epidemiological findings. Several groups utilizing these animal models have found that activation of the maternal immune system, termed maternal immune activation (MIA), and more specifically the exposure of the developing fetus to maternal cytokines precipitate the neurological, immunological and behavioral abnormalities observed in the offspring of these animals. These abnormalities have correlated with clinical findings of immune dysregulation, neurological and behavioral abnormalities in some autistic individuals. Additionally, researchers have observed genetic variations in these models in genes which regulate neurological and immunological development, similar to what is observed clinically in ASD. Altogether, the role of MIA and cytokine dysregulation, as a key mediator in the neuropathological, behavioral and possibly genetic irregularities observed clinically in autism are important factors that warrant further investigation. | eng_Latn | 5,746 |
Synergistic effect of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine and genistein in combination against leukemia. | Genistein interferes with SDF-1- and HIV-mediated actin dynamics and inhibits HIV infection of resting CD4 T cells | Methionine Exposure Alters Glutamate Uptake and Adenine Nucleotide Hydrolysis in the Zebrafish Brain | eng_Latn | 5,747 |
Modified nucleosides have been an important target for pharmaceutical development for the treatment of cancer, herpes simplex virus, and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Amongst these nucleoside analogues, those based on 2′,3′-dideoxyribose sugars are quite common, particularly in anti-HIV applications. The gas-phase structures of several protonated 2′,3′-dideoxyribose nucleosides are examined in this work and compared with those of the analogous protonated DNA, RNA, and arabinose nucleosides to elucidate the influence of the 2′- and combined 2′,3′-hydroxyl groups on intrinsic structure. Infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) action spectra are collected for the protonated 2′,3′-dideoxy forms of adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine and uridine, [ddAdo+H]+, [ddGuo+H]+, [ddCyd+H]+, [ddThd+H]+, and [ddUrd+H]+, in the IR fingerprint and hydrogen-stretching regions. Molecular mechanics conformational searching followed by electronic structure calculations generates low-energy conformers of the protonated 2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides and corresponding predicted linear IR spectra to facilitate interpretation of the measured IRMPD action spectra. These experimental IRMPD spectra and theoretical calculations indicate that the absence of the 2′- and 3′-hydroxyls largely preserves the protonation preferences of the canonical forms. The spectra and calculated structures indicate a slight preference for C3′-endo sugar puckering. The presence of the 3′- and further 2′-hydroxyl increases the available intramolecular hydrogen-bonding opportunities and shifts the sugar puckering modes for all nucleosides but the guanosine analogues to a slight preference for C2′-endo over C3′-endo. | Vidarabine (adenine arabinoside, ara-a) has been found to be useful in the treatment of various viral infections. Its adverse neurological effects include tremor and encephalopathy. Two cases of vidarabine encephalopathy are reported and the five other cases in the literature are reviewed. The clinical features of the tremor and encephalopathy are discussed. | Perihypothalamic thyroid hormone signaling features prominently in the seasonal control of reproductive physiology. Triiodothyronine (T(3)) signaling stimulates gonadal development, and decrements in T(3) signaling are associated with gonadal regression. Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO3) converts the prohormone thyroxine (T(4)) into biologically inactive 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine, and in long-day breeding Siberian hamsters exposure to long (LD) and short (SD) photoperiods, respectively, inhibit and stimulate hypothalamic dio3 mRNA expression. Reproductive responses to intermediate-duration photoperiods (IntD) occur in a history-dependent manner; IntDs are interpreted as inhibitory only when preceded by longer photoperiods. Because dio3 expression has only been evaluated under LD or SD photoperiods, it is not known whether hypothalamic dio3 encodes absolute photoperiod duration or the reproductive interpretation of photoperiod. Male Siberian hamsters with and without a prior history of LD were exposed to IntD photoperiods, and hypothalamic dio3 mRNA expression was measured 6 wk later. Hamsters with a LD photoperiod history exhibited gonadal regression in IntD and a marked upregulation of hypothalamic dio3 expression, whereas in hamsters without prior exposure to LD, gonadal responses to IntD were absent, and dio3 expression remained low. Patterns of deiodinase expression in hamsters maintained in chronic IntD photoperiods did not appear to reflect feedback effects of gonadal status. Hypothalamic expression of dio3 does not exclusively reflect ambient photoperiod, but rather the context-dependent reproductive interpretation of photoperiod. Neuroendocrine mechanisms that compare current and prior photoperiods, which permit detection of directional changes in day length, occur either upstream, or at the level, of hypothalamic dio3 expression. | eng_Latn | 5,748 |
Analysis of cocaine by CASE, an expert system, results in the prediction that cocaine is a rodent carcinogen. In view of the widespread exposure to cocaine this is cause for alarm, especially as in utero exposure has been widely documented and the developing human fetus is at an increased risk of transplacental cancer induction. | Cocaine is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances and has been recognized as a major public health concern for many years. While several aspects of the toxicology of cocaine have been thoroughly described in the literature, namely its effects on different target organs, other toxicological features should not be disregarded. In this perspective, the in vitro and in vivo genotoxic effects of cocaine, along with the genotoxicity data from human exposure, especially in the context of "crack" smoking, were reviewed. Some concerns regarding (1) the chronic abuse and forms of cocaine, (2) the role of metabolism and (3) the mode of action of cocaine were discussed. The major limitations of the experimental and human studies available were also addressed and some research gaps in this field identified. Overall, although the genotoxicity of cocaine is still a matter of discussion, this psychoactive substance exhibits a genotoxic potential that should be further considered. | Rationale ::: Chronic nicotine exposure induces both tolerance and upregulation of [3H]nicotine binding sites in rodent and human brain. However, the mechanism for chronic tolerance is unclear because a direct relationship between tolerance and receptor upregulation is not consistently observed. | eng_Latn | 5,749 |
Background: Studies with NF-IL6-deficient mice indicate that this transcription factor plays a dual role during systemic inflammation with pro- and anti-inflammatory capacities. Here, we aimed to characterize the role of NF-IL6 specifically within the brain. Methods: In this study, we tested the capacity of short interfering (si) RNA to silence the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-interleukin 6 (NF-IL6) in brain cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Results: In cells of a mixed neuronal and glial primary culture from the rat area postrema (AP), short interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against NF-IL6 strongly reduced basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear immunoreactivity of this transcription factor, with the strongest effect on astrocytes. The siRNA did not exert inflammatory effects in the primary culture as confirmed by unaltered levels of IL-6 in supernatants. In vivo, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of fluorochrome labelled siRNA caused its appearance in relevant brain structures for fever induction pathways such as the vascular organ of lamina terminalis, the subfornical organ, the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) and the AP in several cell types, including microglial cells. However, i.c.v. injections of siRNA per se caused signs of fever, anorexia and reduced locomotor activity, i.e. sickness behavior. Conclusions: This approach was, thus, not suitable to characterize the role NF-IL6 in the brain in vivo, namely during experimentally induced systemic inflammation. | The functional significance for activation of inflammatory transcription factors, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3), nuclear factor (NF)κB or NF-interleukin (IL)6 and their contribution to the induction of brain controlled sickness responses, such as fever, during infection and inflammation is unknown. Using AG490, previously shown to inhibit the STAT3- and NF-IL6-signaling pathway, we therefore investigated the central involvement of these two signaling pathways in mediating sickness behavior, fever and accompanying brain inflammation induced by peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation. Rats pre-treated i.c.v. with AG490 1 h before the i.p. LPS-challenge (100 μg/kg) showed a modestly exaggerated fever, attenuated adipsia and almost unimpaired locomotor activity compared to LPS-controls receiving vehicle (i.c.v.). The LPS-induced anorexia was not altered and AG490 did not have any effect on rats receiving PBS (i.p.). We did observe effects of AG490 on STAT3-signaling at 4 h, while AG490-mediated changes in brain activity of inflammatory transcription factors at 8 h were not significant. Increased NF-IL6 and suppressor of cytokines 3 mRNA-expression in AG490/LPS-treated rats were indicative of a compensative activation at 24 h. Moreover, a significant decrease in hypothalamic anti-inflammatory IL-10-expression and an increase in inflammatory microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES) mRNA-expression 8 h after LPS-injection was revealed in AG490 pre-treated animals compared to solvent-treated LPS-controls. In summary, we have shown a dissociation between the effects of central AG490 treatment on fever and components of sickness behavior, which appears to be related to reduced IL-10 and increased mPGES-expression in the brain. Thus, AG490 might have therapeutic potential to reduce sickness behavior. | Background ::: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to be involved in tumorigenesis. The functions of LINC00511 in gastric cancer are poorly understood. | eng_Latn | 5,750 |
Anti-chemokine autoantibody: Chemokine immune complexes activate endothelial cells via IgG receptors | Our previous studies revealed that the presence in lung fluids of anti–IL-8 autoantibody:IL-8 immune complexes is an important prognostic indicator for the development and outcome of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Anti–IL-8:IL-8 complexes purified from lung edema fluids trigger chemotaxis of neutrophils, induce activation of these cells, and regulate their apoptosis, all via IgG receptor, FcγRIIa. Importantly, increased levels of FcγRIIa are present in lungs of patients with ARDS, where FcγRIIa is partially associated with anti–IL-8:IL-8 complexes. In the current study, we demonstrate the ability of anti–IL-8:IL-8 complexes to promote an inflammatory phenotype of human umbilical vein endothelial cells via interaction with FcγRIIa. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured in the presence of the complexes become activated, as shown by increased phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and Akt, and augmented nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Anti–IL-8:IL-8 complexes also up-regu... | Cross immunoelectrophoresis was used to study antigenic composition of the brain of rats preferring water, or 15% ethanol and of intermediate group animals. The rat brain showed 6 antigens, one of them was found to be neurospecific. The intermediate group animals and those preferring ethanol differed from those preferring water in that they demonstrated two antigens which were found to be neuro-nonspecific. The content of the neurospecific protein S-100 in the cerebellum measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis was demonstrated to be the same in animals preferring water and ethanol. A single intraperitoneal injection of 25% ethanol (2.5 g/kg) to the intermediate group rats brought about a change in the composition of neuro-nonspecific soluble antigens of the brain. | eng_Latn | 5,751 |
The Biology of Fun and the Fun of Biology | fun (n.): "diversion, amusement," 1727, earlier "a cheat, trick" (c.1700), from verb fun (1680s) "to cheat, hoax," of uncertain origin, probably a variant of Middle English fonnen "befool". | This review summarizes studies concerning the covalent binding of [14C]TCE to rat liver microsomal protein and exogenous DNA, in vitro, the enhancement of this binding by inducers of mixed-function... | yue_Hant | 5,752 |
Increased expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the brain has been extensively documented in association with a variety of insults, including ischemia, and is suggested to play a role in cell survival and recovery after ischemic injury. To more directly assess the protective role of HSP70 during ischemic brain damage, we used transgenic mice overexpressing the rat HSP70 (HSP70tg mice). In contrast to wild-type (wt) littermates, high levels of HSP70 messenger RNA and protein were detected in brains of HSP70tg mice under normal conditions, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed primarily neuronal expression of HSP70. Heterozygous HSP70tg mice and their wt littermates were subjected to permanent focal cerebral ischemia by intraluminal blockade of the middle cerebral artery. Cerebral infarction after 6 hours of ischemia, as evaluated by Nissl staining, was significantly less in HSP70tg mice compared with wt mice. This reduction in infarction volume in HSP70tg mice was not attributable to an altered cardiovascular anatomy or to initial differences in body temperature or hemodynamic parameters. The HSP70tg mice were still protected against cerebral infarction 24 hours after permanent focal ischemia. The data suggest that HSP70 can markedly protect the brain against ischemic damage and that approaches aimed at inducing HSP70 may lead to new therapeutic interventions in cerebrovascular injuries. | Focal permanent or transient cerebral artery occlusion produces massive cell death in the central core of the infarction, whereas in the peripheral zone (penumbra) nerve cells are subjected to various determining survival and death signals. Cell death in the core of the infarction and in the adult brain is usually considered a passive phenomenon, although events largely depend on the partial or complete disruption of crucial metabolic pathways. Cell death in the penumbra is currently considered an active process largely dependent on the activation of cell death programs leading to apoptosis. Yet cell death in the penumbra includes apoptosis, necrosis, intermediate and other forms of cell death. A rather simplistic view implies poor prospects regarding cell survival in the core of the infarction and therapeutic expectations in the control of cell death and cell survival in the penumbra. However, the capacity for neuroprotection depends on multiple factors, primarily the use of the appropriate agent, at the appropriate time and during the appropriate interval. Understanding the mechanisms commanding cell death and survival area is as important as delimiting the therapeutic time window and the facility of a drug to effectively impact on specific targets. Moreover, the detrimental effects of homeostasis and the activation of multiple pathways with opposing signals following ischemic stroke indicate that better outcome probably does not depend on a single compound but on several drugs acting in combination at the optimal time in a particular patient. | The antithesis of Specker's theorem states that every sequence eventually hounded away from each point of [0,1] is eventually bounded away from [0,1]. We show constructively (that is, with intuitionistic logic) that this is equivalent to a version of the fan theorem. | eng_Latn | 5,753 |
Exposure of embryonic leeches to 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine a cytotoxic analog of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin, results in the selective ablation of serotonin-containing neurons in the ventral nerve cord. Other neurons appear to be unaffected by this treatment, including those that contain another monoamine neurotransmitter, dopamine. Embryos with ablations continue to develop into juvenile leeches, but as juveniles they are unable to make normal swimming movements. However, normal swimming movements can be instated in such leeches by injecting them with serotonin. | The hypothesis that a long-term increase of behavioural responses in snails (over a period of days) might be due to environmental conditioning was examined. Training consisted of delivering electric shocks non-contingently with test stimuli twice per day for 5 days to freely moving snails on a ball floating in water. After training, a significant difference in amplitude of a withdrawal reaction to tactile test stimulation appeared between shocked and control snails. Responses were significantly facilitated in shocked animals for up to 12 days after training, but only if the animals were tested in the environment used for training. Testing of the same groups of animals crawling freely on the glass lid of a tank in which they lived between experimental sessions revealed no difference in responses to the same stimuli between shocked and control snails. Injection of the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, which selectively impairs serotonergic cells, eliminated the differences between shocked and control animals. Changing the pH of the water in which the ball floated, by addition of citric acid, led to a significant selective increase of responsiveness in snails sensitized in this environment relative to the responsiveness of the same snails with normal water in the tank. The results suggest that the long-term sensitization of withdrawal reactions observed is at least in part a manifestation of an associative process, namely environmental conditioning. | Mitosis has long been a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. After conducting a phenotypic screen for anti-mitotic activity in a crude extract library of more than 2000 medicinal plants, we identified the rhizomes of Corydalis longicalcarata. Guided by the bioactivity-based assay, two benzophenanthridine alkaloids were purified and subsequently identified as corynoline and its close analog acetylcorynoline. This study uncovers a previously unknown antimitotic activity for these two phytochemicals, discovers their potential to be developed as anticancer drugs, and highlights their pleiotropic effects on cell division, including prevention of chromosome congression, compromise of spindle checkpoint response, and blockage of cytokinesis. | eng_Latn | 5,754 |
A substantial body of evidence shows the capacity of the dopamine D3 receptor to couple functionally to G proteins when expressed in an appropriate milieu in heterologous expression systems. In these systems, activation of D3 receptors inhibits adenylate cyclase, modulates ion flow through potassium and calcium channels, and activates kinases, most notably mitogen-activated protein kinase. Coupling to Gi/Go is implicated in many of these effects, but other G proteins may contribute. Studies with chimeric receptors implicate the third intracellular loop in the mediation of agonist-induced signal transduction. Finally, D3-preferring drugs modulate expression of c-fos in neuronal cultures and brain. Signaling mechanisms of the D3 receptor in brain, however, remain to be definitively determined. | Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is central to synaptic transmission. Here we show that synaptic CaMKIIalpha binds to the N-terminal region of the third intracellular loop of the limbic dopamine D3 receptor (D3R). This binding is Ca(2+) sensitive and is sustained by autophosphorylation of CaMKII, providing an unrecognized route for the Ca(2+)-mediated regulation of D3Rs. The interaction of CaMKIIalpha with D3Rs transforms D3Rs into a biochemical substrate of the kinase and promotes the kinase to phosphorylate D3Rs at a selective serine site (S229). In accumbal neurons in vivo, CaMKIIalpha is recruited to D3Rs by rising Ca(2+) to increase the CaMKIIalpha-mediated phosphorylation of D3Rs, thereby transiently inhibiting D3R efficacy. Notably, the D3R inhibition is critical for integrating dopamine signaling to control behavioral sensitivity to the psychostimulant cocaine. Our data identify CaMKIIalpha as a recruitable regulator of dopamine receptor function. By binding and phosphorylating limbic D3Rs, CaMKIIalpha modulates dopamine signaling and psychomotor function in an activity-dependent manner. | Gastrins, including amidated gastrin (Gamide) and glycine-extended gastrin (Ggly), accelerate the growth of gastrointestinal cancer cells by stimulation of proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. Gamide and Ggly activate different G proteins of the Rho family of small GTPases. For example, Gamide signals Rac/Cdc42 to activate p21-activated kinase 1 while Ggly signals Rho to activate Rho-activated kinase. p21-activated kinase 1 and Rho-activated kinase induce changes in phosphorylation or expression, respectively, of proteins of the Bcl-2 family, which then affect the caspase cascade with consequent inhibition of apoptosis. In addition, interaction of p21-activated kinase 1 with β-catenin results in phosphorylation of β-catenin, which enhances its translocation in to the nucleus, activation of TCF4-dependent transcription, and proliferation and migration. The central role of the β-catenin pathway in carcinogenesis suggests that specific inhibitors of p21-activated kinase 1 may in the future provide novel therapies for gastrointestinal malignancies. | eng_Latn | 5,755 |
ABSTRACT Mounting an immune response consumes resources, which should lead to increased feeding. However, activating the immune system reduces feeding (i.e. illness-induced anorexia) in both vertebrates and invertebrates, suggesting that it may be beneficial. We suggest that illness-induced anorexia may be an adaptive response to conflicts between immune defense and food detoxification. We found that activating an immune response in the caterpillar Manduca sexta increased its susceptibility to the toxin permethrin. Conversely, a sublethal dose of permethrin reduced resistance to the bacterium Serratia marcescens , demonstrating a negative interaction between detoxification and immune defense. Immune system activation and toxin challenge each depleted the amount of glutathione in the hemolymph. Increasing glutathione concentration in the hemolymph increased survival for both toxin- and immune+toxin-challenged groups. The results of this rescue experiment suggest that decreased glutathione availability, such as occurs during an immune response, impairs detoxification. We also found that the expression of some detoxification genes were not upregulated during a combined immune–toxin challenge, although they were when animals received a toxin challenge alone. These results suggest that immune defense reduces food detoxification capacity. Illness-induced anorexia may protect animals by decreasing exposure to food toxins when detoxification is impaired. | Immune–nociceptor connections are found in animals across phyla. Local inflammation and/or damage results in increased nociceptive sensitivity of the affected area. However, in mammals, immune resp... | An emerging area of research in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the role of prenatal exposure to inflammatory mediators during critical developmental periods. Epidemiological data has highlighted this relationship showing significant correlations between prenatal exposure to pathogens, including influenza, and the occurrence of ASD. Although there has not been a definitive molecular mechanism established, researchers have begun to investigate this relationship as animal models of maternal infection have support- ed epidemiological findings. Several groups utilizing these animal models have found that activation of the maternal immune system, termed maternal immune activation (MIA), and more specifically the exposure of the developing fetus to maternal cytokines precipitate the neurological, immunological and behavioral abnormalities observed in the offspring of these animals. These abnormalities have correlated with clinical findings of immune dysregulation, neurological and behavioral abnormalities in some autistic individuals. Additionally, researchers have observed genetic variations in these models in genes which regulate neurological and immunological development, similar to what is observed clinically in ASD. Altogether, the role of MIA and cytokine dysregulation, as a key mediator in the neuropathological, behavioral and possibly genetic irregularities observed clinically in autism are important factors that warrant further investigation. | eng_Latn | 5,756 |
Interactions between angiotensin II and agmatine in experimental inflammation | Keywords: agmatine, angiotensin II, rat, air pouch, inflammation. Abstract: Agmatine (decarboxylated arginine) significantly reduced the experimentally carageenan inflammatory process enhanced by Ang II in rats. Noteworthy was the strong action of agmatine, very close to that of spermine, although surpassed by that of indomethacin. In contrast, some other polyamines (spermidine, cadaverine and putrescine) had no significant reducing effects. Inhibition of polyamines synthesis by DL--Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) has further significantly enhanced the pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II at 6 hours. The above findings might demonstrate the involvement of agmatine synthesis (beyond other polyamines) as a reactive response to pro-inflammatory action of angiotensins. | The invention belongs to the technical field of medicaments, and relates to artemisinin derivatives shown in a general formula I, in particular to a series of artemisinin aromatic ethers, artemisinin aliphatic ethers, artesunate derivatives and optical active bodies thereof, wherein substitutional groups, namely X, Y, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 have definitions given in an instruction book. The derivatives and compositions thereof can be made into clinically acceptable formulations such as tablets, capsules, injections, ointment and the like, and are used for inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells and treating and/or preventing cancer. | eng_Latn | 5,757 |
Neuroprotection by deprenyl and other propargylamines: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase rather than monoamine oxidase B | Summary. Deprenyl and other propargylamines are clinically beneficial in Parkinson's disease (PD). The benefits were thought to depend on monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibition. A large body of research has now shown that the propargylamines increase neuronal survival independently of MAO-B inhibition by interfering with apoptosis signaling pathways. The propargylamines bind to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The GAPDH binding is associated with decreased synthesis of pro-apoptotic proteins like BAX, c-JUN and GAPDH but increased synthesis of anti-apoptotic proteins like BCL-2, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase and heat shock protein 70. Anti-apoptotic propargylamines that do not inhibit MAO-B are now in PD clinical trial. | The possibility of using monolaurates for removing endotoxin from acellular pertussis vaccines developed at the Laboratory of Immunomodulators, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera (Moscow), has been studied. Monolaurates PEG-400 and PEG-600 obtained, respectively, from Fluka Chemie AG and Ferak GmbH (Germany) have been used. The use of monolaurate PEG-600 ensures the decrease of the toxicity of acellular pertussis vaccines by 2.34-6.3 times. | eng_Latn | 5,758 |
Regional changes in c-fos mRNA in rat brain after i.v. or i.c.v. NMDA injections. | These studies were undertaken to determine if convulsant doses of i.c.v. vs i.v. administered NMDA exhibit differential specificity for anatomical regions of the brain in stimulating c-fos. In rats i.c.v. or i.v. NMDA produced behaviorally similar clonic (popcorn) convulsions associated with transient increases in c-fos mRNA in different brain areas. Transcription of c-fos mRNA peaked at 30 min post-treatment regardless of the route of administration. However, the route of administration clearly influenced the anatomical specificity of the NMDA-induced c-fos mRNA changes. For example, following i.c.v. administration maximal stimulation in c-fos mRNA was measured in the cerebellum. In contrast, i.v. NMDA produced maximal c-fos mRNA stimulation in the cerebral cortex. Our results demonstrate that NMDA has differential anatomical specificity for molecular signaling in rat brain and suggest that the route of NMDA administration may influence its pathophysiological response. | Fort Detrick, located in Frederick, Maryland, is home to the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI-Frederick), and 37 mission partners focusing on biomedical research and development, medical materiel management, and global telecommunications. The U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) reports to USAMRMC and is the lead laboratory for the U.S. Biological Defense Research Program. ::: ::: ::: Keywords: ::: ::: Biodefense research; ::: Biological agent; ::: Countermeasure research; ::: Medical research; ::: Research and development; ::: USAMRIID; ::: Biological Defense Research Program; ::: BDRP; ::: USAMRMC; ::: Fort Detrick; ::: integrated research facility; ::: IRF | eng_Latn | 5,759 |
Study on Injuries to Hippocampus, Amygdala, Cerebral Cortex and Their Effects on Conditioned Taste Aversion in Total Body 60 Co-γ-irradiated Rats. | The objective was to study the effects of one time exposure to small clinically relevant dose of 60 cobaltgamma ( 60 Co-γ) radiation on histological changes in brain and consequent effects on conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in experimental rats. Rats were total body 60 Co-γ-irradiated in GammaCell; CTA to saccharin was assessed in terms of saccharin preference ratio (SPR) using a standardized two bottle regime; brain histology was performed as per standard procedures. Total body exposure to 60 | Samples of Fermi, Semple, modified Semple, Duck embryo and tissue culture rabies vaccine were inoculated by different routes and in different doses into rabbits, mice and hamsters. The vaccines induced neither detectable interferon nor immediate protection against lethal challenge with CVS rabies virus.Under similar conditions, high but transient levels of interferon were induced in control animals of the same species with the polynucleotide complex Poly I.C. Hamsters but not mice were protected by Poly I.C.-induced interferon.No autointerference by vaccine with challenge virus was established. Vaccine-induced protection in mice was directly related to immune response. | eng_Latn | 5,760 |
Comparative teratogenicity of pyrimethamine in rats and hamsters | Pyrimethamine, a drug used in the treatment of toxoplasmosis, was much less teratogenic in golden hamsters than in Wistar rats. About 70% of rat fetuses were killed or malformed by administration of single oral doses of 5 mg to pregnant females. Less than 10% of hamster fetuses died or were malformed following single doses to the mother of 20 mg, which on a mg/kg basis was eight to nine times greater than that given to rats. In the rats repeated daily doses of 0.5 mg per female were severely teratogenic. The incidence of dead and abnormal fetuses in rats treated with 5 mg pyrimethamine was markedly reduced, from about 70 to 10%, by single intraperitoneal injections of 6 mg folinic acid; this result suggests that folinic acid might be potentially of value in lessening the teratogenic risk that may exist when pyrimethamine is employed in toxoplasmosis therapy during early pregnancy. | Are there appropiate rodent models for human depressive disorders? A model that targets a core aspect of depression can become a helpful tool in the analysis of the causes, genetic or environmental, that result in symptoms homologous to those of depressed patients. Rodent models can also allow the study of the pathophysiology of specific behaviors, and can help in predicting therapeutic responses to pharmacological agents. A rodent model of depression should satisfy as many of the three main criteria as possible: similar etiology, similar pathophysiology, and similar treatment to the human condition. A wide range of rodent models of depression has been developed so far, including genetic models. | eng_Latn | 5,761 |
What do 'Emetic' drugs induce? | Drugs to Control or Stimulate Vomiting (Monogastric) - Pharmacology - Veterinary Manual Drugs to Control or Stimulate Vomiting (Monogastric) (Video) Using a metered dose inhaler and spacer in a cat Drugs to Control or Stimulate Vomiting (Monogastric) By Patricia M. Dowling, DVM, MSc, DACVIM, DACVCP, Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan ; Johann (Hans) F. Coetzee, BVSc, CertCHP, PhD, DACVCP, Iowa State University Systemic Pharmacotherapeutics of the Digestive System Drug Disposition in the Ruminoreticulum Animals possess an arsenal of special abilities for survival, many of which are used for food consumption. Ingesting food can lead to exposure of internal organs to possible food-related disorders, including viral and bacterial infection, toxins, and allergens. Smell and taste are not always effective in determining the quality of food, so nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are additional mechanisms of defense of the GI system. Humorally mediated emesis results from emetogenic substances in the systemic circulation that activate the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ) in the area postrema. The CRTZ lies outside the blood-brain barrier. Neurally mediated emesis results from activation of an afferent neural pathway typically coming from the abdominal viscera and synapsing at one or more nuclei in the emetic center. Most pharmacologic interventions focus on the humoral pathway of emesis, based on neurotransmitter interactions at the CRTZ. The neural pathway has received less emphasis, even though it is a much more important pathway. Nausea is an aversive experience that often accompanies emesis; it is a distinct perception, different from pain or stress. Nausea is more difficult to treat than emesis using antiemetic drugs. This became apparent with the excellent control of drug-induced emesis from cancer chemotherapy, but human patients still experience nausea. This suggests that nausea and vomiting are separate physiologic processes. Motion-induced emesis appears to have a very early evolutionary origin, because it is present in most animal models of emesis. Motion sickness is thought to result from sensory conflict regarding the body’s position in space, yet there is no satisfactory theory as to why people and animals have this mechanism in the first place. Nausea and vomiting, as defense systems of the GI tract, by necessity must have a low threshold for activation. Cats are well known for their tendency to vomit, particularly when attempting to dislodge hairballs from the throat or upper GI tract. Chronic vomiting in cats may indicate underlying thyroid, liver, or kidney dysfunction and should be investigated. Dogs also vomit often (frequently after eating grass) and often eat their own vomit. Neurotransmitters of Emesis: Acetylcholine (muscarinic receptors) and substance P (NK-1 receptors) act on the emetic center. The CRTZ is stimulated by dopamine (D2 receptors), α2-adrenergic drugs (NE receptors), serotonin (5-HT3 receptors), acetylcholine (M1 receptors), enkephalins, and histamine (H1 and H2 receptors). α-Adrenergic receptors in the CRTZ are important in inducing emesis in cats. α2-Adrenergic agonists (eg, xylazine) are more potent emetics in cats than in dogs. 5-HT1A antagonists (eg, buspirone) and α2-adrenergic antagonists (eg, acepromazine, yohimbine, mirtazapine) suppress vomiting in cats. CRTZ D2 dopamine receptors are not as important in mediating humoral emesis in cats as they are in dogs. Apomorphine, a D2 dopamine receptor agonist is a more reliable emetic in dogs than cats, and D2 dopamine receptor antagonists (eg, metoclopramide) are not very effective antiemetic drugs in cats. Histamine H1 and H2 receptors are found in the CRTZ of dogs but not cats. Histamine is a potent emetic in dogs but not cats, and H1 antagonists (eg, diphenhydramine) are ineffective for motion sickness in cats. Muscarinic M1 receptors are found in the vestibular apparatus of cats. Mixed M1/M2 antagonists (eg, atropine) inhibit motion sickness in cats. Substance P binds t | Abstract Expressionism - Artists Artists Type the name of the artist in the box below, click on create, away you go! Abstract Expressionism Site Map » Art » Abstract Expressionism Abstract expressionism was an American post–World War II art movement. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve worldwide influence and also the one that put New York City at the center of the art world, a role formerly filled by Paris. Although the term "abstract expressionism" was first applied to American art in 1946 by the art critic Robert Coates, it had been first used in Germany in 1919 in the magazine Der Sturm, regarding German Expressionism . In the USA, Alfred Barr was the first to use this term in 1929 in relation to works by Wassily Kandinsky . Unless otherwise stated, the content of this page is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License Other interesting sites Health and Environment Click here to edit contents of this page. Click here to toggle editing of individual sections of the page (if possible). Watch headings for an "edit" link when available. Append content without editing the whole page source. Check out how this page has evolved in the past. If you want to discuss contents of this page - this is the easiest way to do it. View and manage file attachments for this page. A few useful tools to manage this Site. See pages that link to and include this page. Change the name (also URL address, possibly the category) of the page. View wiki source for this page without editing. View/set parent page (used for creating breadcrumbs and structured layout). Notify administrators if there is objectionable content in this page. Something does not work as expected? Find out what you can do. General Wikidot.com documentation and help section. Wikidot.com Terms of Service - what you can, what you should not etc. Wikidot.com Privacy Policy. | eng_Latn | 5,762 |
Savory And Sweet: A Taste For Infertility | Humans have long relied on the sense of taste in the struggle to survive and multiply. A bitter taste alerts us to a plant that may be poisonous. A sweet taste tells us that a plant is likely high in calories and can help sustain us. Our sense of taste may be even more closely linked to the propagation of the human race than we ever suspected. Some of the same genes that allow us to sense sweet and umami flavors are also active in a man's testes and sperm. According to a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Tuesday, suppressing these genes may affect not only his ability to taste but also his ability to reproduce. When food touches our tongue it activates taste receptors which deploy proteins into our nervous system and alert our brain to the flavors. "The taste receptor is like a microphone, and the protein is the microphone cable," says geneticist Bedrich Mosinger, who specializes in the science of taste. "Experiencing a taste is like hearing a sound through an amp," he tells Shots. "If you lose either the mic or the cable, it won't work." In this case, the microphone is the taste receptor controlled by the gene TAS1R, and the cable is a protein called gustducin that is expressed by the gene GNAT3. Mosinger and his team at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia were exploring the specific role of these genes when they discovered something unusual. Curious to see what would happen if the genetic microphone and cable were both removed, they inactivated the genes in some mice. Then they let them mate. Nothing happened. It turned out the male mice were sterile. The result surprised Mosinger. "We wanted an animal with both genes inactivated," he says. "We didn't expect to find much, and we certainly didn't expect these genes to have such a fundamental role in male reproduction." Too bad for the mice. But what does the finding mean for humans? "There is a worldwide decline in male fertility," Mosinger says. "Sperm count and sperm function are going down, and getting progressively worse. We speculate that there is something in the environment causing this." In support of this hypothesis, Mosinger points to a class of drugs called fibrates, used to treat high cholesterol, which are known to block expression of the gene TAS1R. Also, some herbicides are known to have the same effect. If a man who was already dusting his crops with phenoxy herbicides were to become exposed to a substance that inhibits the GNAT3 gene, it could be bad news for his sperm. How likely is that? Shots called human geneticist Dennis Drayna of the National Institutes of Health to find out. "We don't know of any environmental things that contribute to the function of gustducin or GNAT3," he says. "We don't even know if there is any evidence for the existence of such things." So it's not clear if the findings will help us understand male infertility. "The real power of science is surprises like this," Drayna says. "This is another example of how basic biomedical research produces surprises that open our eyes to new and interesting areas of biology that were previously completely unrecognized." Monell's Mosinger pointed out a provocative possibility raised by the findings. "The inhibitors that we found are specific to humans, but with a little more work we could find rodent specific inhibitors for these genes," he says. With still more work, he says, the inhibitors might find use as a better mousetrap: rodent birth control. | NPR's Tavis Smiley talks to author, speaker and former talk-show host Bertice Berry about her latest book, <EM>Jim & Louella's Homemade Heart-Fix Remedy</EM>, which puts a comedic spin on a sensitive subject --- rekindling the fire in a mundane marriage. | eng_Latn | 5,763 |
what is aop in toxicology | An AOP is a conceptual framework that shows what is known about the âpathways,â or links between a chemical and how it: interacts with a biological process, initiates direct changes on a molecular level, and leads to an environmental and human health risk, or âadverse outcome.â. | Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DOP) is a natural product that can be isolated from a variety of medicinal herb plants. It is well known for its antitumor, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there are few investigations that address neurotoxic effect of DOP in animal nervous system. | eng_Latn | 5,764 |
contact inhibition is a property of | Contact inhibition is the property of healthy tissues and cells. But cancer cells have lost this property and starts growing abnormally. Normal cells die accordingly by following a regulated pathway called as apoptosis | Definition of inhibition for English Language Learners. : 1 a nervous feeling that prevents you from expressing your thoughts, emotions, or desires. : 2 the act of preventing or slowing the activity or occurrence of something. | eng_Latn | 5,765 |
A DNA Element Regulates Drug Tolerance and Withdrawal in Drosophila | Drug tolerance and withdrawal are insidious responses to drugs of abuse; the first increases drug consumption while the second punishes abstention. Drosophila generate functional tolerance to benzyl alcohol sedation by increasing neural expression of the slo BK-type Ca2+ activated K+ channel gene. After drug clearance this change produces a withdrawal phenotype—increased seizure susceptibility. The drug-induced histone modification profile identified the 6b element (60 nt) as a drug responsive element. Genomic deletion of 6b produces the allele, sloΔ6b, that reacts more strongly to the drug with increased induction, a massive increase in the duration of tolerance, and an increase in the withdrawal phenotype yet does not alter other slo-dependent behaviors. The 6b element is a homeostatic regulator of BK channel gene expression and is the first cis-acting DNA element shown to specifically affect the duration of a drug action. | Abstract A new monoterpene alkaloid, kinabalurine G, in addition to 11 indole alkaloids and the catechine–skytanthine compound, kopsirachine, was obtained from the leaf extract of Kopsia dasyrachis. The structure of the novel alkaloid, danuphylline, was confirmed by an X-ray analysis. | eng_Latn | 5,766 |
A deficiency in S-adenosylmethionine synthetase interrupts assembly of the septal ring in Escherichia coli K-12 | Summary A mutant in which S-adenosylmethionine synthetase is underexpressed makes filaments with no visible septa. Examination with GFP fusions to various septal proteins shows that FtsZ, ZipA and FtsA localize to the septal ring, but FtsQ, FtsW, FtsI or FtsN do not. The requirement for S-adenosylmethionine suggests that some methylation reaction is required before a complete septal ring can be assembled. | Abstract The mode of action of the immunosuppressant mitoxantrone was examined in murine models of demyelinating disease. The drug has been shown to block antigen induced proliferative activity and to inhibit myelin degradation by leucocytes from paralysed mice. Mitoxantrone blocked myelin breakdown by macrophages although phagocytosis was not affected. Further evidence was obtained to indicate that mitoxantrone acts therapeutically in reducing, or at high dose, preventing signs of EAE developing in mice immunized with spinal cord homogenate and Freund's complete adjuvant. Mitoxantrone also significantly inhibited the incidence of relapse when treatment was initiated during the post-acute remission period. | eng_Latn | 5,767 |
Weird question, I know, but sorry, guys and gals, this is for a biology project. I would just like to know if anyone can guide me to a website that can help me determine the effects of alcohol, adrenaline, acetylcholine, nicotine and KCl on the webbed feet of a frog. If anyone could direct me to a helpful website (none of my search queries work out to the answers that I need), or give me some information regarding this, I would be grateful. | Here is an article on the Environmental Health Prospectives webpage regarding the proximity to pollution sources and the risk of amphibian limb malformation:\n\nhttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?pubmedid=16263502\n\nThe references listed with that article should give you a lot of potential information.\n\nHere's another article looking at the effect of trematode infection on amphibian limb development:\n\nhttp://condor.wesleyan.edu/soconnell/wescourses/2004s/ees199/01/powerpoint/frogLimbDeformities-SciencePaper.doc\n\nAnd here's one on the combination of trematode infection and pesticide exposure:\n\nhttp://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/99/15/9900\n\nGood luck! | Check out www.webmd.com You can search their drug interactions page. Or ask your pharmacists for a drug interaction sheet. It will expain the drug and what you should take or not take with your particular drug. | eng_Latn | 5,768 |
Constructing a Textual KB from a Biology TextBook | WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database | Ketamine induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression via phosphorylation of histone deacetylase 5 in rats. | yue_Hant | 5,769 |
what is deoxypodophyllotoxin | Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DOP) is a natural product that can be isolated from a variety of medicinal herb plants. It is well known for its antitumor, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there are few investigations that address neurotoxic effect of DOP in animal nervous system. | Description of Dioxin. Dioxin: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin which is often referred to simply as dioxin and is the reference for a number of compounds which are similar structurally and have dioxin-like toxicity. A substance extremely toxic to mammals, with a wide variation in sensitivity among species. | eng_Latn | 5,770 |
Failure of kanamycin in the treatment of typhoid fever. | The Spectrum of Cardiovascular Infections due to Salmonella enterica: A Review of Clinical Features and Factors Determining Outcome | Determination of Kanamycin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography | eng_Latn | 5,771 |
Salmonella edinburg infection in children. A protracted hospital epidemic due to a multiple-drug-resistant strain. | Prevalence and effectiveness of an education program on intestinal pathogens in food handlers. | eglect : A multisensory deficit ? | eng_Latn | 5,772 |
Incidence of infections with Salmonella enteritidis serotypes in Black and Indian children. A 16-year survey. | A Systematic Review of the Incidence, Risk Factors and Case Fatality Rates of Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) Disease in Africa (1966 to 2014) | Exposure to toluene in the printing industry is associated with subfecundity in women but not in men | eng_Latn | 5,773 |
First documented outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes in Quebec, 2002. | Stochastic, Compartmental, and Dynamic Modeling of Cross-Contamination During Mechanical Smearing of Cheeses | Surface of localized pleural plaques quantitated by computed tomography scanning: no relation with cumulative asbestos exposure and no effect on lung function | eng_Latn | 5,774 |
Incidences Of Endophytic Human Pathogens In Fresh Produce | The frequency of documented outbreaks of human illness associated with consumption of consumption of raw fruits and vegetables has increased in recent years. In present study 10 different fresh produce were proceed for standard plate count to evaluate the existence of endophytic bacterial human pathogens. This study revealed that out of the tested samples 60% were found to be contaminated with Salmonella spp. While 50% were loaded with endophytic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Maximum contamination was observed in leafy vegetables like spinach and coriander. While in Carrot, onion and radish pathogens was not observed. The potential internalization of pathogens in fresh produce is a concern of food safety and enlight the chances of epidemic outbreaks. | Information at your fingeritps. Alphabetical listing of more than 7,000 entries, with more than 600 clear, precise, detailed illustrations. Subjects include all important areas of environmental health and occupational safety: epidemiology, toxicology, risk assessment, statistics, instrumentation, medical terminology, basic sciences, and more. | eng_Latn | 5,775 |
Which one of these people is most associated with heat treatment of milk? | Milk-Borne Infectious Diseases From Microbes By Ingrid Koo, PhD Updated September 24, 2016 It’s the first food we taste. It’s in pasta sauces, candies, pastries, custards, cheeses, yogurts, and ice cream. Milk is arguably one of the most versatile ingredients among cooks and a staple in most households. However, as an animal product that is full of nutrients, there are several infectious diseases associated with microbe-contaminated milk and milk products. The good news is that most of these microbes are killed by pasteurization, and so in reality, infections due to milk and cheese are pretty rare -- but still possible. This is why we pasteurize milk. How Does Cow’s Milk Get Contaminated? Just like all people carry microbes, all animals do as well. Sometimes the microbes that cows carry can be a problem. Some dairy cows spend much of their time grazing in pastures, where they come in contact with a variety of environmental microbes. In other cases, cows are confined to buildings, where in more crowded conditions bacteria can grow and spread from cow to cow. In addition, many microbes that are “commensal” organisms (that co-exist with cows without causing disease) may be considered human pathogens. Dairy processing facilities have many routes for the entry of contaminating microbes. First, as a nutrient-rich liquid, milk provides an ideal environment for microbial growth. Second, dairy processing plants are full of areas where “foot traffic” from employees can be accompanied by microbes. Infectious Microbes Found in Cow’s Milk Bacillus cereus: These bacteria produce a toxin that can cause diarrhea and another that causes vomiting. Bacillus cereus spores are heat-resistant and may survive pasteurization. There have even been very rare cases linked to dried milk and dried infant formula. Brucella: Brucella is a bacterial microbe that is found in unpasteurized dairy products. Brucella infection, or Brucellosis, has also been called “Undulant Fever” because of the regular recurrence of fever associated with the disease. Campylobacter jejuni: Campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacteria to cause diarrheal disease in the U.S. and is found in raw milk and poultry. It has an increased chance of causing disease when consumed in milk, because the basic pH of milk neutralizes the acidity of the stomach. Coxiella burnetii: Coxiella infects a variety of animals, including livestock and pets. The microbe can be found in cow’s milk and is resistant to heat and drying. Infection by Coxiella results in Q fever, a high fever that may last up to 2 weeks. E. coli O157:H7: This particular strain of E. coli has been associated with a number of food-borne outbreaks and is the cause of bloody diarrhea. Frequently associated with dairy cattle, microbial contamination of raw milk and soft cheeses can result in disease. Listeria monocytogenes : Listeria is a common bacterial pathogen that is found in soft cheeses and unpasteurized milk. It can even survive below freezing temperatures and can therefore withstand refrigeration. It is particularly dangerous to individuals who have weakened immune systems, including pregnant women, AIDS patients, and the very young and very old. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: This strain of mycobacteria can withstand pasteurization and has been associated with the development of Crohn’s disease, also known as inflammatory bowel syndrome. However, whether or not these bacteria can actually infect humans remains controversial. Mycobacterium: The cause of “consumption,” a horrific wasting disease that first affects the lungs, Mycobacterium bovis is associated with consumption of raw milk and was one of the most common contaminants prior to the practice of pasteurization. It's like the tuberculosis (or TB) we have now, but a different bacteria but related bacteria causes it. This type of TB is something we don't see much of any more because of work to make sure cows don't carry or spread it to us. M. bovis causes tuberculosis in cows and can be passed to humans via unpasteurized cow's milk, causing a | What does a tailor do with his plonker Press suits 15 Churches - MBA - 217 View Full Document What does a tailor do with his plonker Press suits 15 Churches in Malta have two what Clocks right and wrong confuse devil 16 Marnie Nixon what Deborah Kerr Natilie Wood Audrey Hepburn Dubbed in their singing voices 17 Which Italian tractor maker tried making cars in 1960s Ferruchio Lamborghini 18 What first appeared on Page 1 of the Times 3 May 1966 News stories 19 Caruso put what in Nellie Melbas hand singing tiny hand frozen Hot Sausage 20 What would you do with an Edzell blue Eat it - it’s a potato 21 In what month did the Russian October revolution take place November 22 Nobody's perfect is the last line in which classic comedy film Some Like it Hot 23 How did Buffalo Bill stick to one glass whisky a day Quart glass 24 In 1760 what means of personal transport was invented Roller Skates 25 What three counties were Eliza Dolittle taught to pronounce Hertford Hereford Hampshire 26 In Hitchcock's film The Trouble with Harry - what was the trouble He was dead 27 What was the first gramophone record made from Tinfoil 28 What did George Washington soak his wooden teeth in for taste Port 29 George V1 Mozart Al Jolson Casanova - which organisation Freemasons 30 Who said "Its so long since sex I forget who gets tied up" Joan Rivers 31 St Appolonia Patron Saint of what Toothache 32 What is measured on the Gay-Lussac scale This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. TERM 10000 general knowledge questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro No Questions Quiz 8 Answ 10000_questions 16 | eng_Latn | 5,776 |
What are the treatments for spoiled foods? | What are some at home treatments for food poisoning? | Is not part of the treatment for shock? | eng_Latn | 5,777 |
Bacteria tied to Crohn's disease | For decades, scientists have suspected Crohn's is caused by bacteria that cause a similar intestinal disorder in cattle, sheep and goats, but there was little evidence. | For Steven Johnson there is a perfectly logical connection between an outbreak of cholera in 1854 and a Web site that shows the latest Ethiopian restaurant in your ZIP code. | eng_Latn | 5,778 |
The turkey burgers involved in the recall were sold exclusively at Sam's Club .
Three people in Colorado, Ohio and Wisconsin reported illness after eating the turkey .
Salmonella can lead to diarrhea, abdominal cramps and fever . | (CNN) -- Jennie-O Turkey Store is recalling nearly 55,000 pounds of frozen, raw turkey burgers that may be contaminated with Salmonella, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service said Saturday. The recall pertains to packages of "All Natural Turkey Burgers with seasonings Lean White Meat" with a "use by" date of December 23, 2011, the FSIS said on its website. The ground turkey, which comes in 4-pound boxes containing 12 patties, is sold exclusively at Sam's Club, Jennie-O said on its recall website. People who have purchased the product should not consume it. They can return it to a Sam's Club store for a full refund, Jennie-O said. An investigation of a Salmonella outbreak in 10 states found three people in Colorado, Ohio, and Wisconsin reported illness after eating the Jennie-O ground turkey, leading the FSIS to determine there is a link between the product and the outbreak, the agency said on its website. The last of these illnesses was reported on March 14. Consumption of food contaminated with Salmonella can cause salmonellosis, one of the most common bacterial food-borne illnesses. Salmonella infections can be life-threatening, especially to those with weak immune systems, such as infants, the elderly and persons with HIV infection or are undergoing chemotherapy. The most common symptoms of the illness caused by eating food contaminated with Salmonella are diarrhea, abdominal cramps and fever, according to the FSIS. Additional symptoms may include chills, headache, nausea and vomiting that can last up to seven days. | By . Sara Malm . PUBLISHED: . 00:54 EST, 10 June 2013 . | . UPDATED: . 07:08 EST, 10 June 2013 . A new vaccine against one of the most common stomach bugs contracted abroad could save the holiday for millions of travellers. Dehli belly, also known as traveller’s stomach, affects around 10million people every year and up to half of all tourists suffer from it in some way. The new vaccine targets both E. Coli bacteria and salmonella and has been produced by researchers at University of Cambridge. Super capsule: The new vaccine will protect travellers against salmonella and enterotoxigenic E.Coli, which cause Delhi belly and typhoid (file picture) The stomach virus is most commonly contracted by tourists in tropical countries such as India. Delhi belly causes cramps, diahorrea, and, as a result, dehydration, and is caught by consuming contaminated food or water. The vaccine comes in powder form and offers protection against enterotoxigenic E.Coli as well as typhoid. Foreign foods: Delhi belly is contracted by consuming contaminated food or drink and is common among tourists in India and tropical countries (file picture) ‘The vaccine we have produced is a powder so it is very stable and does not need to be kept in cold storage,’ Prof Nigel Slater, who let the work to produce the vaccine, told The Telegraph. ‘Nor does it carry any of the problems associated with needles,’ he added, saying that now all it takes is swallowing a capsule and the stomach problem is solved. Prof. Slater, who leads a team of scientists at University of Cambridge’s department of biochemical engineering and biotechnology, said clinical trials are due to start later this year. | eng_Latn | 5,779 |
Prevent Listeriosis | Listeria monocytogenes , the bacterium that causes listeriosis, is killed by pasteurization and cooking. The bacterium has been found in an assortment of raw foods, such as uncooked meats and vegetables. | This wikiHow teaches you how to prevent incoming messages from a specific sender to your Yahoo! Mail account. | ron_Latn | 5,780 |
does anyone know how to eat/ drink with strep thraot? | jello, chicken broth soup and alot of water.. I hope you went to the doctor. and take all your antibiotics. strep throat is nothing to mess with. My fiance' pasted away 5 years ago from heart failure due to strep throat and he was healthy. just make sure you take all your antibiotics. | my kids shoot it out of straws to that man in the suit who is always trying to serve me a subpoena. | eng_Latn | 5,781 |
Prevent Toxic Shock Syndrome | Toxic shock syndrome is a rare, but sometimes fatal bacterial infection caused by the staphylococcus aureus bacteria and the streptococcus bacteria. | Nothing can ruin a great dinner party more than all of your rushing to the bathroom at once. Here are some steps to follow to avoid serving contaminated food. | kor_Hang | 5,782 |
Report Restaurant Food Poisoning | Foodborne illness, also known food poisoning, happens when someone gets sick after eating contaminated food. Reporting suspected food poisoning is important in case multiple people have gotten sick from the same establishment. | This wikiHow teaches you how to report a profile, post, or comment that violates Instagram’s Community Guidelines on an Android device. | eng_Latn | 5,783 |
Maintain Healthy Gut Bacteria | There are more bacteria living in your gut than cells in your body. When gut bacteria gets out of balance, it may lead to infectious diseases, diabetes, obesity, immune disorders, heart disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Crohn’s disease, colon cancer, and ulcerative colitis. | Every girl wants to be hygienic, but some girls don't know where to start. Read this article to learn how to be hygienic. | eng_Latn | 5,784 |
Reduce Salmonella Risk when Raising Backyard Chickens | When raising chickens, salmonella is always a risk. To reduce your risk, stay safe when interacting with your chickens. Strive to minimize touch and always wash your hands after handling your chickens and their supplies. | Want a Riolu, but don't know how to get the egg? Read this article! | eng_Latn | 5,785 |
Avoid Stomach Problems in Less Developed Countries | One of the biggest concerns when traveling overseas is becoming sick from eating food and drinking water that has been contaminated by microorganisms. | Want some brownies? Worried about gluten or just trying to get processed foods off of your diet? You have a lot of options. Here is one. | eng_Latn | 5,786 |
Fake Food Poisoning | Food poisoning can strike at any time, making this the perfect illness to imitate if you need to get out of work or school. The symptoms are relatively easy to impersonate, including things like nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain. | Need to cook a meal quick? Santino Marella's cooking recipe. | eng_Latn | 5,787 |
wat are the types of bacterias that inhibit leftover foods? | Lots and lots, but I can give you a few of the pathogenic ones.\n\nClostridium Perfrengens\nClostridium Botulinum\nSalmonella\nBacillus Cereus\nEscheria Coli H:0157\n\nThere are many more, but that's all I can think of right now. | Perfect situation to answer this question:\n\nMost hold it....\n\nHowever last year at Sonoma, Tony Stewart had a bad stomach bug, and was supposedto get out and have a relief driver, but the car was running so well, that he stuck it out. At the end of the race, Tony was quickley rushed from the car with a towel aound his waste, and was returned to victory lane about 15-20 mins later after having showered, and he had on a fresh suite!\n\nEveryone knows what happened, you gotta admire the guys will to win! | eng_Latn | 5,788 |
why do I get a stuffed nose after eating a full meal? | For me, I get stuffed up when I have certain foods, and I thingk it is something like an allergic reaction. Ice cream and mozzarella cheese are big ones for me in that regard. Maybe you are frequently having something to eat that is mucous forming, like alot of dairy and wheat products are. | dont worry that's not you, exactly. it's a demon named sexazel. he lives inside you. if you wanna get rid of him find a NY hooker named esmeralda. she's not really a hooker but an exorcist. hope this helps | eng_Latn | 5,789 |
Every now and then he gets hot and sweaty and also flushed looking. His color is kind of grayish a little (he's black). He vomits up clear liquid and he says he's dizzy. This only happens about once every 2 or 3 months and it's usually at night. I called 911 one night but he didn't want to go to the ER. Does anyone have any idea what this could be? I almost forgot, sometimes he gasps for air. | It could possibly a panic attack. Does it usually happen during a stressful time at work or something? Many of those sypmtoms are consistant with people who have panic disorders. I suggest going to an anxiety disorders website, and maybe even looking into medication. Another symptom is worrying about it for at least a week after one happens. Also, the thing about night is it allows your mind to relax, meaning stressful thoughts get through more easily. I hope this helps you.\n\nJust so you know, it happens to often for it to be a heart attack. He would probably be dead right now if it were. However, that doesn't rule out a heart problem. You should probably go see a doctor. I just thought I would reinforce what the other responders were saying. I really think there is a good chance of it being a panic attack. I have a lot of experience with them. Also ask him if he feels he is in danger of dying during the episodes, and if he has every struggled with anxiety \n\nwww.adaa.org is a good webite to check his sypmtoms against those of panic disorder.\n\nI really hopes this helps you. | Look at that! You've answered your own question.\n\nShe hates Grape Kool Aid because it makes her puke and poop green.\n\nWow! That was a tough one.\n\nMind you, there are plenty of other reasons for hating Grape Kool Aid even if it doesn't makes you puke and poop green. \n\nHow about the fact that it tastes *nothing*, and I do mean absolutely NOTHING, like grape? | eng_Latn | 5,790 |
Once I ate out this Sunday, I got stomach sick. After awhile I got very dizzy. One day it got so bad I had to lay down cause of my dizziness and got tummy sick. I also had to throw up ONCE and felt like passing out and had numbness in the legs. I went to a doctor and they said it was nothing, but it had to be SOMETHING. I am better now (a little cautious of foods) but what do you think this was? | I am not a doctor and I don't have any experience in the whole medical area, but it could have been a LIGHT case of food poisoning. It could have also been something in the food that you had a mild allergy too. Glad you are feeling better :) | You could possibly have carpal tunnel syndrome. Next time your hand goes numb, see what fingers go numb. Carpal Tunnel will only numb the thumb, index, and middle finger. Rarely your index finger, and never your pinky. | eng_Latn | 5,791 |
Can cricopharyneal spasm effect food going into the esophagus? | yes it can but it is very rare though | hi I know this has nothing to do with yr question sorry to waste yr time...\nBut I just wanted to thank you,you replied to my question I chose you for best answer cause you really inspired me to not give a fuc# bout any1 so thanks if you would like to talk ,y email is : [email protected]\nTake Care thank you again!!\nGod Bless!! | eng_Latn | 5,792 |
stomach bug or something i ate? | Don't rely on medical advice off of here, it's all speculative, get yourself down to see a doctor and get a proper diagnosis. | Hi, We need to know more particulars regarding symptoms. Is the bump a pustule that comes to head and breaks? Does the bump hurt? Where is the bump located? The only real way to know for sure is to go to a doctor, but if any of the above apply it sounds like herpes. | eng_Latn | 5,793 |
are esophageal spasms bad | Esophageal spasms occur when the muscles of your esophagus contract and cause pain. They can lead to problems with swallowing, and a bland diet may reduce your risk for them. You may find that some foods on your list of allowed foods tend to trigger esophageal spasms when you eat them, and the best approach is to avoid these foods. | Esophageal spasm is a disorder of the rhythmic waves of muscular contractions (peristalsis) of the esophagus. 1 The cause of this disorder is not known. 2 Symptoms include chest pain and difficulty swallowing. 3 The diagnosis is based on the results of barium swallow x-rays and manometry. | eng_Latn | 5,794 |
where is typhoid fever found | Typhoid Fever Bacteria. Typhoid fever bacteria (Salmonella typhi) causes the life-threatening illness known as typhoid fever. In the United States, only about 400 cases of typhoid fever occur each year, but the illness is still common in the developing world, where it affects about 21.5 million people annually. | Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria, and the transmission of this bacterium in human body it ceases to bring fever. This normally is found in contaminated food and water.yphoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria, and the transmission of this bacterium in human body it ceases to bring fever. This normally is found in contaminated food and water. | eng_Latn | 5,795 |
symptoms of agent orange contact | Initial exposure can result in mild to severe symptoms. Queasiness and vomiting tend to be the most common, and a person may develop kidney stones or ulcers. Other intestinal symptoms of Agent Orange include jaundice, stomach pain, and liver irritation. These Agent Orange effects typically occur shortly after contact with the herbicide, although some people may not have any symptoms of exposure until well afterward. | Orange urine can be a symptom of eating carotenoids (foods and supplements containing beta-carotene), infection, dehydration, certain medications, injury, or disease. | eng_Latn | 5,796 |
can vit c cause diarrhea | High doses: of Vitamin C can cause diarrhea, and some people are more sensitive to Vitamin C than others. Generally only high doses >2000mg can cause side effects like upset stomach and diarrhea. The diarrhea may be due to an osmotic effect from the high levels of Vitamin C. This draws more water back into the intestines to help dilute the Vitamin C, which then leads to diarrhea. Hope this helps! ...Read more. | Infection with C. jejuni usually results in enteritis, which is characterised by abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, and malaise. The symptoms usually persist for between 24 hours and a week, but may be longer. Diarrhea can vary in severity from loose stools to bloody stools. | eng_Latn | 5,797 |
foods that cause canker sores | Canker Sores. There is no cure for canker sores but you may be able to reduce how often you get them by avoiding foods that irritate your mouth. Spicy foods, acidic foods like pickles and sauerkraut, and citrus fruits can cause irritation.If you have canker sores, help ease discomfort by eating bland foods until your sores heal, such as: 1 low-fat milk and other dairy foods. 2 cooked, canned and frozen vegetables.3 mashed potatoes (fortify by mixing in powdered milk to boost nutrition). 4 cooked or canned fruit, including applesauce.f you have canker sores, help ease discomfort by eating bland foods until your sores heal, such as: 1 low-fat milk and other dairy foods. 2 cooked, canned and frozen vegetables. | A Honor Society of Nursing (STTI) answered. Certain foods seem to trigger or aggravate outbreaks of aphthous stomatitis (canker sore) in some people. If you find that you develop ulcers after eating specific foods or your existing ulcers grow more painful, you should avoid the problem foods. Spicy, salty, and acidic foods can be particularly troublesome. | eng_Latn | 5,798 |
botulism in an infant signs and symptoms | Catching Signs and Symptoms Early. 1 1. Take note of unexplained constipation. This is first sign of your baby being infected with botulism. 2 2. Listen to your baby's breath to catch any abnormalities. During botulism infection, your baby may exhibit unusually slow or rapid breathing. 3 3. Notice poor feeding and loss of appetite. | Signs and symptoms of foodborne botulism typically begin between 12 and 36 hours after the toxin gets into your body. But, the start of symptoms can range from a few hours to several days, depending on the amount of toxin ingested. Signs and symptoms of foodborne botulism include: 1 Difficulty swallowing or speaking. 2 Dry mouth. 3 Facial weakness on both sides of the face. Blurred or double 1 vision. Drooping eyelids. Trouble 1 breathing. Nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps. Paralysis. | eng_Latn | 5,799 |
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