Search is not available for this dataset
query
stringlengths 1
13.4k
| pos
stringlengths 1
61k
| neg
stringlengths 1
63.9k
| query_lang
stringclasses 147
values | __index_level_0__
int64 0
3.11M
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
where does the formation of carbonic acid occur naturally | Carbonic anhydrase is found in the blood, acting to regulate the pH of the blood and to move carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs in a non-gasseous form. Carbonic anhydrase enzymes occur in all living things. They can be found in bacterias,plants, mammals. | A list of acids and their sources includes hydrochloric acid, which is produced naturally in the stomach to help the body break down and digest food, and citric acid, which is naturally found in citrus fruits. | eng_Latn | 8,500 |
Mass Media Exposure and Family Planning in West | Giving women the power to plan their families | Exposure to toluene in the printing industry is associated with subfecundity in women but not in men | eng_Latn | 8,501 |
In this commentary I critically reflect on five discourses I have observed whilst working within the field of men’s body dissatisfaction between 2011 and 2018. I have observed these in empirical work on men’s body dissatisfaction, media coverage and participants’ own accounts in qualitative research I have conducted. I argue these discourses are sexist and identify them as: (1) Men Are The Real Beauty Victims; (2) Women Should Stop Obsessing; (3) Superficial Women; (4) Mothers Are Body Shamers; and (5) Feminism Forces Muscles On Men. I conclude that these discourses further post-feminism, where women’s gains are seen as men’s losses, and neoliberalism, where blame is placed at the individual’s (or woman’s) feet. As an alternative, I outline the feminist approach that recognises the widespread cultural commodification of the body as driving body dissatisfaction. | To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate maternal child feeding practices, maternal parenting characteristics and mother-child interactions as cross-sectional predictors of child eating and/or weight within the one sample. Maternal pressure for her child to eat was a significant positive correlate of fussiness and a negative correlate of enjoyment. Maternal parenting warmth was associated negatively with child BMIz, while mother-child dysfunctional interaction was associated positively with child BMIz. Our findings suggest that childhood obesity research may be better informed by evaluating not just what mothers do (feeding practices) but also how they parent (parenting behaviours and interactions with their child). Longitudinal studies are needed to identify causal influences of parenting on preschool child eating and weight. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 8,502 |
The French West Indies may be matriarchal, but on St. Barts the father runs the family. | In most areas of the French West Indies, mothers rule the family. | St. Barts is a matriarchal society. | eng_Latn | 8,503 |
it tears apart families it really it it it just the biggest fights | The fights tear apart families, just the biggest fights, though. | The biggest fights bring family members together, don't they? | eng_Latn | 8,504 |
Mommy Dearest | Mother beloved | Father dearest | eng_Latn | 8,505 |
Kentucky's Cabinet for Families and Children protects and promotes the well being of Kentuckians by delivering quality human services. | Kentucky's Cabient for Families and Children delivers quality human services. | The well being of Kentuckians is endangered by Kentucky's Cabinet for Families and Children. | eng_Latn | 8,506 |
Newsweek 's cover piece examines a new book claiming that parents have a scant role in shaping their children. | Newsweek wrote an article about how parents affect their children. | Newsweek said parents impact their kids more than anyone. | eng_Latn | 8,507 |
Dirty Details: The Days and Nights of a Well Spouse | Foreword Marty Wyngaarden Krauss Preface 1. The Trike and the 49 Bus 2. Nights, Lifting, and Toilet: The First Conspiracy of Silence 3. Dire Straits 4. Scared 5. Too Many Variables: Relationships within the Household 6. A Separate Species: Relationships with the World and with Ourselves 7. Preparing for His Ghost: About Loss 8. Where Do We Stand? The Second Conspiracy of Silence Resources Photo Gallery | Personal distribution of well-being of farm families relative to all U. S. families is substantially improved when wealth is considered along with money income. The "live poor and die rich" paradox facing older farm families could often be overcome by providing an easier means whereby they could use up equity in family living. | eng_Latn | 8,508 |
Early generation identification and utilization of potential inbred lines in modified single cross hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.) | The essential pre-requisite for commercial production of single cross maize hybrids is the development of vigorous high yielding inbred parents. A modified form of Forward and Reverse Inbreeding Process (FRIP) [1] was used to develop modified single cross hybrids. This method involves inbreeding using selfing in the early generations followed by plant-to-plant sibbing, early generation testing of lines, deriving sister lines, recombining sister lines and finally using sister line crosses to develop modified single cross hybrids. The improved performance of the inbred lines so derived and also of the experimental hybrids tested at two diverse locations in this study, substantiates the effectiveness of this methodology. Inbred testers were used in test crossing and their utility in hybrid development is discussed. | Publisher Summary The field of kinship appears to have a greater resilience to political and economic forces that change lifestyles and life opportunities. The “modernization” literature stressed the inevitable demise of matrilineality and of extended kinship groupings with the rise of cash-crop economies, occupational diversification, and capitalism. The nuclear conjugal family was accepted as the inevitable outcome of urbanization and industrialization. This chapter examines the case for persistence among the matrilineal Plateau and Gwembe Tonga of southern Zambia, many of whom are living in the cities as wage workers and are dependent on a cash income. Gwembe and Plateau Tonga have not regarded their kinship systems as immutable but have had little need to change formal rules. They have used their kinship systems to obtain their objectives. | eng_Latn | 8,509 |
Parenting and Homeless: Profiles of Young Adult Mothers and Fathers in Unstable Housing Situations | Young adults who are pregnant or parents are a vulnerable subgroup of the homeless population, yet there is limited research about their specific service needs. To fill this gap, we used data from a survey of homeless and unstably housed young adults, ages 18–24, collected over 4 weeks in Houston, Texas, to examine the characteristics, risk factors, and protective factors of homeless parents (n = 109) compared to other homeless young adults (n = 243), then differences between mothers (n = 61) and fathers (n = 48). Unique risk and protective profiles for homeless parents were identified, as well as differences between mothers and fathers. Implications for service delivery targeted to the unique needs of young adult homeless mothers and fathers are discussed. | This article is the second of two parts. The first one was published in the issue no 2 of this same journal. The preseni study uses the dependency index and the youth ratio to describe the aging process both at regional and municipal levels. Our data show a yet moderate aging process in (he region. with an uneven distribution throughout the different municipalities. | eng_Latn | 8,510 |
Well-off by virtue of a large inheritance? | What does it mean when someone says Sleep well and dream of large women? | Poor children's life in victorian times? | eng_Latn | 8,511 |
You are less solvent than your father and he was less solvent than his father. | The successive children have been less solvent. | You are more solvent than your father. | eng_Latn | 8,512 |
Newsweek buys the argument in part but maintains that good parenting is still important. | Newsweek concludes that good parenting maters to some degree. | It is clear to everyone that parenting is irrelevant. | eng_Latn | 8,513 |
on their own and they don't really feel the family um closeness that we had when oh when i was growing up my my mother didn't work you know and when she did uh a part time job she was there you know it wasn't like she | When we were kids, the only work my mother could get was part time. | My mother had a full time job when we were small so we were never close. | eng_Latn | 8,514 |
yeah i agree i agree i think it also gives a woman a chance to if she does have a job a nd a career it gives the man and the wife both a chance to both be working and maybe save up some money and then it gives her a little more option if she wants to stay home with the children while they're young | In order to stay at home to take care of young children, it's best for the woman to have a chance at a career. | Women should not have options when staying at home with kids. | eng_Latn | 8,515 |
well i i uh just in my lifetime i know that the role of women has changed drastically also my mother when she began having her family she quit her job and stayed home until | The role of women in society has shifted and my own mother quit her job to stay home to raise her family. | My mother continued working after she had her family. | eng_Latn | 8,516 |
All housework and mothers' meetings! | Full of household chores and mothers' meetings! | All household chores and fathers' meetings! | eng_Latn | 8,517 |
to those children when they are together and and so it seems it seems for them that it works out all right so i don't know i i don't think i ever would have had what it would take to work full time and raise a family i | It is difficult to work full time and raise a family. | It is easy to raise a family and work. | eng_Latn | 8,518 |
i think a lot of my problem with the young mothers is | I have some problems with young mothers. | I have no problems whatsoever with young mothers. | eng_Latn | 8,519 |
Similarly, articles about Gen Y--many written by boomer parents--are fulsome about how well boomers are raising their tots, how intimately parents and kids communicate, and how much kids admire mom and dad. | it is thought that kids raised by that generation tend to admire mom and dad | Thoughts about how generations raise kids are never spoken out loud | eng_Latn | 8,520 |
yeah and so it was in my case i i just uh decided that as long as my kids were little i would be better off at home with them instead of driving myself crazy trying to do everything at once | I stayed home with my kids when they were little. | I found it easy juggling work and family when my kids were young. | eng_Latn | 8,521 |
right and i have i mean i've seen some change like i know um when i was young most mothers pretty much were housewives and stayed at home with the kids and to me it seems like | When I was young, mothers were only housewives and staying at home with the kids. | I didn't see a lot of mothers staying at home with their kids when I become older. | eng_Latn | 8,522 |
no but uh i know when my children were growing up we did spend a lot of time together | When my kids were younger we spent a lot of time together. | I worked when my kids were young and had very little time to spend with them. | eng_Latn | 8,523 |
Perhaps when parents move, they carefully weigh the damage to their children against competing benefits and act in the interests of the entire family. | Parents may consider all the factors and implications when deciding to move. | Parents would never consider the fall out a move would have on their family. | eng_Latn | 8,524 |
yeah it didn't always work well i felt um i feel like i could myself do some things but that i have enough responsibility that if i have someone like my father when i was living at home and my husband that's willing to do it i go ahead and let them do it i don't feel the need to um you know be a feminist on that issue and say i can take care of my own things i'm i'm happy to let them run run the cars because i have so many other responsibilities that um so i haven't tried to do a lot myself | I try to balance duties with my husband. | I do everything at our house. | eng_Latn | 8,525 |
or mothers to children you know because they're able to spend some time | Or the mom to a kid since they can invest a little time. | They cannot find any time to give. | eng_Latn | 8,526 |
and that being home is not a respectable uh position in society and there's a lot of truth to that and i don't know how you feel i don't know how you felt when you were home and what kind of feedback you got but i can see with the younger men that they definitely are looking down upon women that are home and yet by the same token i think some of it is jealousy you you once in a while you hear them say things like i wish i had the choice you know i wish i was the one i would stay home with my kids if my wife would go out and support us | Most men look down upon the women who stays at home when in reality, they wish that they could stay at home to raise the kids. | Women are never staying at home anymore. | eng_Latn | 8,527 |
but if you you have a family i think you owe the family a responsibility | If you have a family, you owe them a responsability | Even if you have a family, you don't owe them anything | eng_Latn | 8,528 |
well i only know i have my friends who have had children uh i only know one woman who's decided to go the quote unquote traditional route and i have a lot of respect for her because she made it as a real choice | Although my friends have kids, I know just one woman who is going the traditional route which I give respect to her. | None of my friends have kids, even one woman I know is not going the traditional route. | eng_Latn | 8,529 |
Somewhere there is a young lady whose life has been impoverished by my failure to sire the son who would someday sweep her off her feet. | Because I don't have a son, some woman out there is missing out. | Women out there are much better off because I don't have a son. | eng_Latn | 8,530 |
When high-status males leave their wives for a younger model, you can stigmatize them, damaging their social, and even professional, standing. | It is possible to stigmatize high-status males when they abandon their wives for younger possibilities, which will damage their professional and social standing. | High-status men are untouchable. | eng_Latn | 8,531 |
Kids with well-educated, emotionally stable mothers and secure economic circumstances tend to do fine, whether their mothers work or not. | Whether their mothers work or not, kids with secure economic circumstances and emotionally stable mothers tend to do fine. | If their mothers don't work, kids tend to do badly. | eng_Latn | 8,532 |
But there are limits to how much you ought to care about what goes on in other people's households. | You should only care a little bit about what other people do in their own houses. | Everyone should care deeply about everything that other people do in their houses. | eng_Latn | 8,533 |
yes yeah yes oh yes but we try you know uh i try my husband also we're involved in everything our kids does because uh | We're involved in our kids. | We're not involved in our kids. | eng_Latn | 8,534 |
mannerisms and personality yeah yeah i believe it's true it's my experiences uh what i know about it and then observing it with my kids at least and then like some other people's children too it's uh you know it's uh you know the older kid is uh is more always more prone to be more like responsible and that kind of thing | From my experience with my kids and seeing other people's kids, the older kid is usually more responsible. | When i observe other people and their kids, I've noticed that the older kid is never the most responsible one. | eng_Latn | 8,535 |
that's probably true i mean they they are a lot of them that have to put their kids into day care or having more with baby sitters and especially if they don't have boy friends or husbands and uh i guess that's why you always hear these stories about kids being neglected | Many have to use day care for their kids. | There are not many of them. | eng_Latn | 8,536 |
uh-huh if my wife had an education and could support us and the only value i see coming out of this is that children now in in a two parent home they now actually have two parents because | If my spouse had the means to contribute financially we would have a two parent home. | If only my wife could support us, things would be so much easier. | eng_Latn | 8,537 |
True monogamy, then, would seem a very worthwhile institution. | True monogamy is good for society. | Monogamy hurts people. | eng_Latn | 8,538 |
Slate's Ann Hulbert says Hochschild overstates her The truth is that home hasn't suddenly become work. | Home has not become work according to Hulbert. | Hulbert agrees with Hochschild. | eng_Latn | 8,539 |
Back home, wives who at first seem passive and subservient are formidably powerful mothers and homemakers, driving their children to scholastic success through examination hell. | Mothers are deceitfully hard on their children. | Their wives are meek and do not discipline the children. | eng_Latn | 8,540 |
you know teach the boy that uh he fixes the car and the woman fixes the meal uh not not arguing that there should be a role for a sex but should there be uh a set of not not a specific role let's say let's not say that only the the girls should do the cooking but at any given generation or for any given | While there should be roles, they don't have to be traditional. | Traditional gender roles should always be considered. | eng_Latn | 8,541 |
and babysitters and uh day care and all that stuff kids don't really bond anymore | Children don't get the chance to bond anymore due to day care. | Kids bond very well even with babysitters. | eng_Latn | 8,542 |
yeah well what what do you think about that do you think that um what do what do you think about the women that are not having families because they want to continue their business | What do you think of childfree career women? | No women are choosing to pursue their careers and not have children. | eng_Latn | 8,543 |
we get into so much of the mother dominating figure if if the father has more input there | We went into detail about mothers but not much with fathers. | The fathers need to step back and let the mothers have a more active role. | eng_Latn | 8,544 |
yeah and i also think that the uh fact that a lot of mothers are working today and that children are not bonded to the parents | I think because so many mothers work and they don't bond with their children. | Mothers don't work anymore and still don't bond with their children. | eng_Latn | 8,545 |
but the second one's just it's more it really hardly has anything to do with the kids it's more about their relationship and they're just always fighting and they break up and they you know get back typical you know | The second one is hardly about the kids, but the adult's relationship. | The second one revolves mainly around the kids. | eng_Latn | 8,546 |
Few people had ever broken through the crust of self-sufficiency the Kentuckian had begun to grow in early childhood. | Kentuckians are self-sufficient. | Kentuckians are dependent. | eng_Latn | 8,547 |
the household chores and duties and what has to be done so i think over a couple of generations time it will all change because it's really been uh my generation | With time things will change, chores and regular housework that is required. | I don't think anything will change at all even over multiple generations. | eng_Latn | 8,548 |
The Effect of Parents' Marital Satisfaction on Young Adults' Adaptation: A Longitudinal Study | What Are the Costs of Marital Conflict and Dissolution to Children's Physical Health? | Translational repression by MSY4 inhibits spermatid differentiation in mice. | eng_Latn | 8,549 |
Extending the Theoretical Horizons of Family Business Research | Transgenerational Views on the Success and the Future Development of Family Firms in Slovenia | No Relationships Between the Within-Subjects’ Variability of Pain Intensity Reports and Variability of Other Bodily Sensations Reports | eng_Latn | 8,550 |
Family Adaptation to Relocation: An Empirical Analysis of Family Stressors, Adaptive Resources, and Sense of Coherence | Family assessment inventories for research and practice | Self-insight into emotional and cognitive abilities is not related to higher adjustment | eng_Latn | 8,551 |
A Matter of Difference: Domestic Contracts and Gender Equality | Doing theory in first year contracts : the iceberg method | Mental health of 58 Swedish men living together with their wives and preschool children | eng_Latn | 8,552 |
Do the Kids Think They're Okay? Adolescents' Views on the Impact of Marriage and Divorce | Self-Efficacy and Future Adult Roles: Gender Differences in Adolescents’ Perceptions | The long reach of divorce: Divorce and child well-being across three generations | eng_Latn | 8,553 |
Counseling Gifted Underachievers: A Family Systems Approach | A Study on the Enrichment Practice Accompanied by Supportive Counselling for a Gifted Student | A Universal Optimal Consumption Rate for an Insider | eng_Latn | 8,554 |
Work-and-Care Initiatives: Flaws in the Australian Regulatory Framework | Australian Family Law: The Contemporary Context | Found : long-term gains from early intervention | eng_Latn | 8,555 |
Enhancing Family Resilience Through Family Narrative Co-construction | Family Systems and Ecological Perspectives on the Impact of Deployment on Military Families | No Relationships Between the Within-Subjects’ Variability of Pain Intensity Reports and Variability of Other Bodily Sensations Reports | eng_Latn | 8,556 |
The Relationship Between Coming to Terms With Family-of-Origin Difficulties and Adult Relationship Satisfaction | Factors Affecting Relationship Quality in African-American/Caucasian Bi-Racial Couples | No Relationships Between the Within-Subjects’ Variability of Pain Intensity Reports and Variability of Other Bodily Sensations Reports | eng_Latn | 8,557 |
Not “capitalizing” on social capitalization interactions: The role of attachment insecurity. | Attachment, caregiving, and marital satisfaction | Labour-Market Attachment and Entry into Parenthood: The Experience of Immigrant Women in Sweden | eng_Latn | 8,558 |
Testing the Mediating Effect of Emotional Exahustion and Life Satisfaction in the Influence of Work Family Conflict to Performance | The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. | Exogenous growth factors do not affect the development of individually cultured murine embryos | eng_Latn | 8,559 |
A Study of Job Satisfaction and Factors that Influence it | Prioritisation of factors influencing teachers' job satisfaction in the UAE | Mother-infant face-to-face interaction: Influence is bidirectional and unrelated to periodic cycles in either partner’s behavior | eng_Latn | 8,560 |
Beliefs on Parenting and Childhood in India | Chapter 5 Parenting Adolescents in India : A Cultural Perspective | Chapter 5 Parenting Adolescents in India : A Cultural Perspective | eng_Latn | 8,561 |
Noncustodial Fathers and Their Impact on the Children of Divorce | The long reach of divorce: Divorce and child well-being across three generations | Found : long-term gains from early intervention | eng_Latn | 8,562 |
Investigation of relationship between social capital and quality of life in female headed families | Female - headed households, poverty, and the welfare of children in urban Brazil | Early-Life Origins of the Race Gap in Men's Mortality∗: | eng_Latn | 8,563 |
Substance Independence of Efficiency of a Class of Heat Engines Undergoing Two Isothermal Processes | Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics | A Latent Class Analysis of Attitudes Concerning the Acceptability of Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Senegal | eng_Latn | 8,564 |
Male and Female Preferences in Selected Career Factors | Women and men at work: Analyzing occupational stress and well-being from a gender perspective | Individual variation in reproductive costs of reproduction: high-quality females always do better | eng_Latn | 8,565 |
Scales in Family Business Studies | Family Entrepreneurship: A Developing Field | Evaluation of a generic brief acculturation scale in a sample of male enlisted naval personnel. | eng_Latn | 8,566 |
Background A number of complex factors contribute to pregnant and parenting women’s alcohol and substance use. To date, little research has focused on the implications, meaning and experiences of father involvement on mothers with substance use problems. Objective The current study explores the experiences of mothers with substance use problems with respect to the role, impact and meaning of father involvement. Methods This study conducted two focus groups utilizing a phenomenological approach. Mothers receiving clinical services at a comprehensive, community based program serving pregnant and parenting women with substance use problems were recruited to participate in this research. Results The meaning of father involvement among this group of women centered on four dimensions: emotional support, financial contributions to the family, amount and quality of time spent with the children and the family, and was dependent upon the particular expectations of the mother involved. Barriers and influences of father involvement were identified. The nature of father involvement had negative and positive impacts on participants. Discussion Maternal use of alcohol is a complex issue, one factor often ignored in father involvement. For mothers with substance use problems father involvement has a number of implications, both positive and negative. | Human Science Perspectives and Models Transcendental Phenomenology Conceptual Framework Phenomenology and Human Science Inquiry Intentionality, Noema and Noesis Epoche, Phenomenological Reduction, Imaginative Variation and Synthesis Methods and Procedures for Conducting Human Science Research Phenomenological Research Analyses and Examples Summary, Implications and Outcomes A Phenomenological Analysis | The Coleman Report posited that the inequality of educational opportunity appears to stem from the home itself and the cultural influences immediately surrounding the home. However, this line of inquiry assumes that school and home processes operate in isolation, which is often not the case. An example of how families and schools can reinforce one another is through parental involvement. Whereas some studies suggest that children have better achievement outcomes when their parents are involved in their education, other studies challenge the link between parental involvement and academic outcomes. One major reason for this lack of consensus among scholars is that parents’ involvement has been measured differently across studies. Thus, scholars’ disagreements about how parents should be involved and about which aspects of parental involvement are associated with improvements in children’s academic outcomes have contributed to inconsistent findings. We argue that the mixed results observed in previous studies indicate that parental involvement does not operate through the typical channels posited by researchers, educators, and policymakers and that traditional measures of parental involvement fail to capture the fundamental ways in which parents help their children academically. We propose a framework of parental involvement that might provide some clarity on how parental involvement operates. | eng_Latn | 8,567 |
We present a model of courtship in which the timing of marriage is affected by the cognitive dissonance between perceived norms and personal aims. We argue that as long as the family has been the main provider of social protection, marriage has been favoured by strongly felt social norms, and thus people accepted less-than-ideal partners early on in their search in order to minimize the dissonance caused by the non-adherence to the custom. Once the Welfare state has replaced the family, these norms have lost their strength, so that agents can afford the luxury of searching their preferred partners at length without feeling at odds with their social duties. The model yields predictions in line with relevant stylised facts: the raising age of marriage, the prevalence of assortative mating and the common occurrence of divorce in the early years of marriage. We finally discuss the impact of late marriages on fertility, and argue that there need not be negative consequences if the declining role of the family becomes socially accepted, and alternative arrangements are made possible and indeed encouraged by means of an appropriate family policy. | We study the relation between formal incentives and social exchange in organizations where employees work for several managers and reciprocate a manager's attention with higher effort. To this end we develop a common agency model with two-sided moral hazard. We show that when management attention is not contractible, the first-best can only be achieved by granting autonomy to employees together with incentive pay for both managers and employees. When neither attention nor effort are contractible, an 'attention race' arises, as each manager tries to sway the employee's effort his way. While this may result in too much social exchange, the attention race may also be a blessing because it alleviates managers' moral-hazard problem in attention provision. Lastly, we show how organizational structure can be used to motivate managers and employees in the absence of formal incentives. | Using data from an experimental evaluation in two Canadian provinces, we found that offering an earnings supplement to single mothers in place of welfare altered rates of marriage and cohabitation, but that the direction of the effects varied by province. Our findings suggest that research on the relationship between women’s economic well-being and marital decisions at the national level is likely to mask important variation at the local level. After eliminating several explanations for the opposite effects in the two provinces, we propose that local labor markets and local policy contexts are potentially important mediating characteristics of marriage and cohabitation. | eng_Latn | 8,568 |
Sex status is one of the basic causes of such differences in roles to be performed by males and females separately. Pakistani society is also following this universal pattern of differentiated sex-roles and status. The underlying concept of this is the superiority of men as compared to women. This study focused on problems faced by employed women within the current socio-economic conditions in the urban area of Faisalabad District. The selected sample of employed women consists on 70 doctors, 50 bankers and 30 teachers. For the present study a well-designed interviewing schedule was developed after consideration of the basic variables included the research. The collected data was analyzed and the result regarding their income, problems (family, official), satisfaction were tabulated and interpreted on the basis of facts and figures. It is suggested that media can play a vital role to resolve the problems of employed women. | This paper overviews socio-economic factors as determinants of working women earnings in education department of district Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 126 working females in September, 2017. Multinomial logistic regression technique has been used for the estimation of results. The main findings of the study are that education, experience, family income, and locality of job area showed positive relationship with working women earnings. However, marital status remained insignificant. Based on the findings of this study the researchers recommended that females are significantly contributing in family expenditures. Therefore, government should invest more in female’s education and prioritize it. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 8,569 |
Materialist process ontologies, often subsumed under the term new materialism, such as the Deleuzian materialism of Rosi Braidotti, the agential realism of Karen Barad or the posthumanism of Donna Haraway, are becoming increasingly recognized in qualitative research. In this article I argue and illustrate that these theories allow for a reconfiguration of analytical research tools without using the representationalist epistemological framework these tools are often embedded in. Karen Barad’s concept of ‘exteriority within’ is of particular help for this task. I illustrate the research practices of two research projects, which included multiple methods of data collections (interviews, observations, re-enactments), a process of analysis I call referencing and a writing technique I call rebuilding worlds. | Within the past few decades, the configuration "family" has included diverse living arrangements, yet traditional definitions of family persist. Accordingly, family studies scholars have discussed research strategies and theoretical approaches to define the shifting boundaries of family. In this article I propose the approach of new materialism for a contemporary definition of family that focuses on situated processes and the complex interplay of material-discursive differentiation processes. This perspective enriches current debates on defining family by adding concepts of intracontextual posthuman practices and multilocal forms of agency to the discussion, thus allowing for a definition of family that helps make comprehensible today's ever-transforming configurations. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 8,570 |
Fourty-nine 12 months old children and their mothers were videotaped in Ainsworth's Strange Situation. Fourty-six of them were videotaped again in the same situation at 18 months with their fathers. Quality of attachment was determined by using Ainsworth's criteria. Fewer children had 'secure' relationships to their parents than in comparable U.S. samples. There was no correlation between infant-mother and infant-father quality of attachment relationship. The results are discussed in terms of parental attempts to cope with cultural demands imposed on them. These specific cultural demands may frequently interfere with the establishment of a securely attached relationship. On the other hand, they may be only transitory and appropriate from an adaptation to culture-specific expectancies point of view. | Attachment research has shown the emergence of individual differences in the security of infant-mother attachment during the first year of life as well as their importance for later social-emotional development. A biobehavioral perspective may help settle disagreements about the validity and interpretation of 12-month-old infants' different behavioral patterns of attachment assessed by Ainsworth's Strange Situation. It was shown that, despite less overt distress in insecure-avoidant infants after short separations from the mother, overall cardiac measures indicate arousal patterns similar to the secure infants during separation. However, differences in cardiac response emerged with regard to object versus person orientation during reunion. Additionally, findings of increased cortisol in both insecure-avoidant and disorganized infants support the theoretical interpretation that these infants, in contrast to secure infants, lack an appropriate coping strategy. | If service quality relates to retention of customers at the aggregate level, as other research has indicated, then evidence of its impact on customers’ behavioral responses should be detectable. Th... | eng_Latn | 8,571 |
Normative or economic behavior? Fertility and women's employment in Israel. | Advanced School Progression Relative to Age and Early Family Formation in Mexico | A short report on current fertility preservation strategies for boys | eng_Latn | 8,572 |
Not Just a Business Transaction : The logic and limits of grandparental childcare assistance in Taiwan | The Final Say Is Not the Last Word: Gendered patterns, perceptions, and processes in household decision making among Chinese immigrant couples in Canada | Increased coverage of protein families with the blocks database servers. | eng_Latn | 8,573 |
Perceived Income Justice Depends on the Economy | Occupational gender segregation and gender differences in justice evaluations | Perceived Discrimination, Depression, and the Role of Perceived Social Support as an Effect Modifier in Korean Young Adults | eng_Latn | 8,574 |
The rhetoric versus the reality: a critical perspective on practice with fathers in child care and protection work | The Common Assessment Framework: does the reality match the rhetoric? | Beyond 'Women vs. Children' or 'WomenandChildren': Engendering Childhood and Reformulating Motherhood | eng_Latn | 8,575 |
In functional programming, small programs are often glued together to construct a complex program. Program fusion is an optimizing process whereby these small programs are fused into a single one and intermediate data structures are removed. Recent work has made it clear that this process is especially successful if the recursive definitions are expressed in terms of hylomorphisms. In this paper, we propose an algorithm which can automatically turn all practical recursive definitions into structural hylomorphisms making program fusion be easily applied. | It has been attracting much attention to make use of list homomorphisms in parallel programming because they ideally suit the divide-and-conquer parallel paradigm. However, they have been usually treated rather informally and ad hoc in the development of efficient parallel programs. What is worse is that some interesting functions, e.g., the maximum segment sum problem, are basically not list homomorphisms. In this article, we propose a systematic and formal way for the construction of a list homomorphism for a given problem so that an efficient parallel program is derived. We show, with several well-known but nontrivial problems, how a straightforward, and “obviously” correct, but quite inefficient solution to the problem can be successfully turned into a semantically equivalent “almost list homomorphism.” The derivation is based on two transformations, namely tupling and fusion, which are defined according to the specific recursive structures of list homomorphisms. | Most evaluation research focuses on the outcome of programs, giving little attention to differences in clients' utilization of the programs' services. This study explores factors which are pree,,Ave of teenagers' participation in a program for adolescent pregnancy. Pregnant teenagers having their first child were interviewed prenatally prior to participation in the program. Once the program was completed, one year after their child's birth, records were examined to determine the degree of their utilization of program services. The results suggest that differences in the teen's relationship with her family and the baby's father, environmental stressors, and preparedness for her baby were related to different patterns of program participation. The findings have implications for the evaluation and development of support programs. DIFFERENCES IN PARTICIPATION IN A SUPPORT PROGRAM FOR ADOLESCENT MOTHERS The problems associated with children having children are numerous. Teenage mothers are more likey than older mothers to be at risk for perinatal complications and developmental problems (Sacker & Neuhoff, 1982). Early childbearing is associated with inadequacies in prenatal care, lower educational achievement and income, and a higher probab-lity of marital instability and divorce compared to women who become mothers at a later age. Children of teenage iythers are likely to be low in birthweight and have lasting deficits in IQ and achievement (Broman, 1981). While several types of programs have developed in response to the problem of pregnant and parenting teens (Hayes, 1987), we know little about the utilization of these services. Most research on human service programs focuses attention on the outcome of the intervention for all participants and gives little consideration to differing levels of client involvement in a program. Given the numerous problems, multiple needs, end complex lives of teenage mothers, it is unlikely that all teenage mothers will respond and be receptive to an intervention in similar ways. By understanding different patterns of participation in a program we may begin to develop programs which take into account the different needs and social environments of teen | eng_Latn | 8,576 |
The fact that IgY-technology lessens the pain of animals used in experiments should be reason enough for adopting it, but unfortunately the first consideration is generally the cost. | Prothymosin alpha (ProTα) is a highly conserved polypeptide (109 amino acids in humans) with diagnostic and therapeutic potential; ProTα exerts intra- and extra-cellular biological functions associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis and immune regulation, while it has been suggested to act as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) or alarmin. In this work, chicken polyclonal anti-ProTα antibodies that had been developed several years ago were immunochemically evaluated and proven to retain immunoreactivity for ProTα, with remarkable thermal and pH stability. Moreover, the antibodies showed practically no cross-reactivity with a series of ProTα-fragments, eventually intracellularly produced -such as ProTα[1-28] (also known as Tα1) and ProTα[100-109], which exert per se biological activity and might be present in biological samples along with the intact molecule, being therefore highly specific for whole-length ProTα. Based on the above antibodies (IgYs-3e), a highly specific competitive ProTα-ELISA with well-studied analytical characteristics (intra- and inter-assay CVs: ≤5% and ≤12%, respectively, limit of detection: 2.1 ng/mL, recovery: 88–104%) was developed. The new ProTα-ELISA was applied to the analysis of supernatants of HeLa cells driven to necrosis; intact ProTα was measured in cell culture supernatants, at levels that seemed to depend on % cell necrosis. | Modern societies are increasingly globalized, where information and communication technologies (ICTs) play a fundamental role in every aspect of daily life: from the social, family, labor, among others. Every day more people who without distinguishing age and gender are seen in the need and desire to have at least one technological device. Objective: To examine the impact of using ICTs in the family relations of the residents of Medellin city. Methodology: exploratory-descriptive research through a quantitative methodological design, a non-probabilistic sampling by criterion was made, where 77 people were selected. Data were collected through a questionnaire type survey with closed questions in a virtual way during 3 Months. Results: among the results, 73.4% of responders suggest that there is no adequate supervision of adults to guide children and adolescents to establish a critical position on these contents. On the other hand, the most valued resources are the mobile device and computer for the possibilities of communication between relatives that are far way and for being means to improve the educational and labor processes. Conclusion: studies around ICTs and their impacts have grown significantly, which it ratifies the importance of the topic. It is imperative that parents stop seeing ICTs as a distant entity, and try to be at the forefront of the uses of the same by children, to generate effective control in the training processes within the family. | eng_Latn | 8,577 |
This paper investigates the impact of female employment on fertility in two urban contexts in sub-Saharan Africa: Dakar (Senegal) and Lome (Togo). The hypothesis that wage employment and maternal obligations are incompatible seems to be corroborated in Lome, where women are likely to consider work as a legitimate alternative to their role as a mother or spouse. Being involved in economic activity is a real option and can therefore impact upon their reproductive life. By contrast, in Dakar working does not seem to hinder family formation. Greater involvement of women in the labour force is not the main reason for fertility decline in Dakar. These findings illustrate how important it is to consider social gender-specific roles in order to accurately determine the influence of female employment on reproductive life. | This study used data from the Republic of the Philippines Fertility Survey 1978 to analyze the relationships between female work participation and fertility. 43% of ever-married respondents 15-49 years of age were working at the time of the survey 32% had worked at some time before 1st marriage (20% of whom stopped working after marriage) and 37% had never worked outside the home. Current labor force participation rates ranged from 25% for women under 25 years of age to 52% for those ages 45 years and over. Among women married less than 10 years work before marriage was associated with a smaller family size. Although currently working women married less that 20 years gave birth to fewer childred in the previous 5 years than their noneconomically active counterparts fertility among women married more than 20 years was highest for those who were currently working. Multivariate analysis revealed varying relationships between work participation and fertility depending on whether cumulative or current measures were used. The coefficient of ever-work on children ever born was negative and significant while the coefficient of children ever-born on work participation was positive and weakly significant. The negative effect of work on fertility was most pronounced among older women rural women and women with husbands in white-collar occupations. The positive effect of fertility on work participation was significant only among other urban women and those with husbands in manual or agricultural occupations. Current work participation significantly increased the number of children born during the past 5 years whereas current fertility reduced the probability of participation in the current period. In the longterm however work participation reduces fertility and fertility increases work participation. These findings suggest that a number of different casual chains link the variables of fertility and work participation which in turn reflect the circumstances of the woman the family and the employment market. | Every function of n inputs can be efficiently computed by a complete network of n processors in such a way that: If no faults occur, no set of size t n /2 of players gets any additional information (other than the function value), Even if Byzantine faults are allowed, no set of size t n /3 can either disrupt the computation or get additional information. Furthermore, the above bounds on t are tight! | eng_Latn | 8,578 |
AIM ::: To investigate whether the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology is related to specific family problems. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: The study included 94 subjects who were divided into three groups: a group with posttraumatic stress disorder (based on PCL for DSM-IV National Center for PTSD) (N=31), a group with problems in postwar functioning but without posttraumatic stress disorder (N=33), a group of subjects who were mobilized but with no combat exposure experience (N=30). The first and the second group had the experience of combat exposure. The first group was experimental, being diagnosed with PTSD. The second and the third group were control groups (the first and the second control group). The groups were compared by intensity and quality of family dysfunction, in relation to parameters, determined by specific instruments used in this research. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: The subjects with the experience of combat exposure had the problems in family functioning independently of the existence of PTSD diagnosis. Many of these problems were caused by the damage of combat experience. We also found a high level of secondary traumatization among other family members. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: The combat experience causes problems in postwar family functioning of combatants independently of PTSD diagnosis being confirmed. It is, therefore, necessary to help all of the combatants and their families reintegrate, regardless of their PTSD diagnosis. | Background: The Iran-Iraq war during the 1980-1988 has left many consequences on veterans and their families that persist long after the war ended. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of psychological problems and marital adjustment of Iranian veterans on their children's quality of life and happiness 24 years after the war ended. Patients and Methods: The sample was all children of veterans in Isfahan city that registered by Veterans and Martyrs Affair Foundation (VMAF). One hundred sixty-three veterans were selected by systematic randomized sampling and the symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL90-R) and dyadic adjustment scale (DAS) were administered for them. Their wives filled out the DAS and their children answered to World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) and Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). The data from questionnaires completed by 149 families were analyzed using the multiple regressions analysis. Results: Global Severity Index (GSI) scores of veterans and veteran's age were inversely correlated with the scores of children's quality of life, while marital adjustment of parents and number of rooms in house were positively correlated. Mother's age was inversely correlated with the scores of children's happiness, while marital adjustment of the parents, the number of rooms in their house and the number of children were positively correlated. Conclusions: In veterans' family, psychological health of the veterans and marital adjustment of the parents have a significant relationship with their children's quality of life and happiness. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 8,579 |
The literature shows that retirement can bring both positive and negative effects. However, there are few tested interventions for preparing workers for this transition and avoiding or minimizing its negative impacts. This paper presents a study with multiple groups that examined the social validity of an intervention for retirement education grounded in contextual behavioral science and acceptance and commitment therapy. Twenty-seven workers aged 29 to 65 divided into three intervention groups participated (group 1, N = 15; group 2, N = 9; group 3, N = 3). According to the participants’ evaluations, the intervention provided socially valid goals, socially acceptable procedures, and socially important effects. However, some improvements are still needed, such as the use of more dynamic methods, better formatted printed material, and increased fidelity between the content’s implementation and the prescribed activities. The positive results indicate that contextual behavioral science may bolster the development of interventions whose components possess evidence for their social validity. The further evaluation of the intervention via a clinical trial study will offer more robust evidence for its effectiveness. It is hoped that by increasing the availability of theory-based interventions in this area, the present study will promote valid strategies to facilitate better adjustment to retirement. | Purpose: This study examined whether parents’ retirement influences their contacts (visits, telephone/letter) with adult children outside the household. Design and Methods: The study relied on data from the National Survey of Families and Households. The sample consisted of parent‐ adult child dyads where parents were aged 55‐75 at time 2 and adult children resided outside the household at both waves ( N 5 2,153 parent‐adult child dyads, based on reports from 792 parents). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) with robust standard errors were used. Results: Retirement has no significant effect on telephone contacts. Retired parents maintain frequent visits with children. For children living within 10 miles, mothers’ retirement is associated with fewer and fathers’ retirement with more visits. This trend varies by number of children, length of retirement, and child’s gender. For children living more than 10 miles away, retired mothers decrease visits with childless children, whereas retired fathers increase visits with childless children. Implications: We attribute these findings to the gender-specific salience of child contacts for retirees and suggest that future research address children’s and parents’ expectations for postretirement contacts. | Blunt trauma abdomen rarely leads to gastrointestinal injury in children and isolated gastric rupture is even rarer presentation. We are reporting a case of isolated gastric rupture after fall from height in a three year old male child. | eng_Latn | 8,580 |
Next to significant expansions of legal rights and recognitions of homosexuals, the beginning of the 21st century brought a rapid expansion of social science research on gay and lesbian family issues (see Biblarz, Carroll, & Burke, 2014, and Biblarz & Savci, 2010, for recent reviews). In addition to general demographic accounts of same-sex partnerships in the United States and elsewhere (e.g., Andersson, Noack, Seierstad, & Weedon-Fekjaer, 2006; Carpenter & Gates, 2008; Chamie & Mirkin, 2011), a number of more specific topics, such as parenthood, the division of household labor, or relationship stability in same-sex couples, have been investigated empirically (e.g., Berkowitz & Marsiglio, 2007; Goldberg & Perry-Jenkins, 2007; Kurdek, 2007; Rosenfeld, 2014). Although this research has benefited from a growing availability of nationally representative data on the gay and lesbian population, most studies are still based on nonrepresentative samples and have qualitative research designs.This is also the case in the literature investigating intergenerational relations of adult gay and lesbian children with their parents. Although homosexual children's experience of rejection and weak ties in families of origin is a long-investigated topic (e.g., Weston, 1991), many of the more recent studies have focused on the question of how parents' sexual orientation matters for their children (see Manning, Fettro, & Lamidi, 2014, and Stacey & Biblarz, 2001, for reviews), whereas a comprehensive account of intergenerational family relationships for a population-based sample of adult gay and lesbian children is-to the best of our knowledge-still lacking (but see Reczek, 2014, for a recent qualitative study).Using information derived from the German Family Panel (pairfam; see http://www. pairfam.de/en/study.html), our study aimed to help fill this gap. We drew on the solidarity- conflict model developed by Bengtson and colleagues (e.g., Bengtson, Giarrusso, Mabry, & Silverstein, 2002; Giarrusso, Silverstein, Gans, & Bengtson, 2005), which considers intergenerational family relations a multidimensional construct. Five core dimensions of parent-child relationships proposed in the solidarity-conflict model are accounted for in our empirical analysis, namely, (a) affectual, (b) associational, and (c) structural solidarity as well as (d) conflict and (e) ambivalence. Distinguishing between heterosexual and homosexual children (on the basis of information about whether they have or are looking for a same-sex or different-sex partner, respectively), with this study we thus add to the literature on intergenerational relationships accounting for the growing diversity and complexity of families (see Kalmijn, 2014, and Seltzer & Bianchi, 2013, for recent reviews).Background and Previous ResearchThe German ContextGermany is a country characterized by a pattern of intergenerational relationships in between the extremes of the (Western) European continuum of family ties, with typically weaker ones in the Nordic countries and stronger ones in the Mediterranean countries (e.g., Hank, 2007; Steinbach, 2008). Similarly, the German population expresses attitudes toward homosexuality that are less positive than, for example, in the Netherlands, Sweden, or Denmark but more positive than in Ireland or southern and eastern Europe (e.g., Gerhards, 2010; Slenders, Sieben, & Verbakel, 2014). Steffens and Wagner (2004) found that almost half of the respondents in a nationally representative sample interviewed in 2000-2001 held at least neutral attitudes toward gay men and lesbians, whereas in the 1980s only every fifth German approved of homosexuality. They suggested that "lesbians and gay men profit from more general societal changes in Germany, such as less-traditional gender roles, more individualization, less conservatism, less-conservative family values, and changes brought about by the women's movement" (p. … | Drawing on 5 waves of multiple-informant data gathered from focal participants and their parents and intimate partners (n = 360 families) who completed annual surveys in the German Family Panel (pairfam) study, the present investigation examined bidirectional associations between the development of adults' conflictual and intimate interactions with their parents and intimate partners. Autoregressive cross-lagged latent change score modeling results revealed a robust pattern of coordinated development between parent-adult child and couple conflictual and intimate interactions: increases in conflict and intimacy in one relationship were contemporaneously intertwined with changes in the other relationship. Additionally, prior couple intimacy and conflict predicted future parent-adult child relations in 7 out of 14 cross-lagged pathways examined, but parent-adult child conflict and intimacy was only associated with future couple interactions in 1 pathway. These associations were not moderated by the gender of parents or the adult child or whether the adult child was a young adult or nearing midlife. Frequency of contact between parents and the adult child moderated some associations. Adults simultaneously juggle ties with parents and intimate partners, and this study provides strong evidence supporting the coordinated development of conflictual and intimate patterns of interaction in each relationship. (PsycINFO Database Record | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 8,581 |
This paper analyzes the consequences of multihoming on private and social incentives for compatibility. Multihoming occurs in our model when consumers buy from both of two competing firms so as to capture network benefits. We address whether the ability of consumers to multihome means policymakers do not need to worry about compatibility between ‘networks’. | Similar to love, competition can often be unrequited. This study explores the asymmetric pattern of competition driven by membership overlap in two-sided mobile social apps (MSAs) markets. Building on the niche-width dynamics framework, we theorize and validate the relative prevalence and survival capabilities of messaging apps and SNS apps, especially when membership overlap fosters current or potential competition between the two app categories. The analyses—based on panel dataset consisting of information on 8,483 panel members’ exact amount of time used for 21 mobile social apps—show that competition between SNS and messaging apps can be asymmetric in favor of messaging apps. This asymmetric pattern is more pronounced for membershipbased competition compared to usage-based competition. In addition, different MSAs developed by same platform providers exhibit synergistic effects, rather than destructive consequences, on each other’s growth. The findings identify the complex nature of competition within-category and between-category competition in MSAs markets. | Children from alternative households complete fewer years of schooling. Yet little is known about the implications of coresidence with grandparents for educational attainment. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 10,083), this study found that extended households with two biological parents were not detrimental to high school completion or college enrollment. Although coresidence with grandparents did not compensate for not living with two biological parents, it seemed to be beneficial for the educational attainment of youth from single-mother households. In contrast, skipped-generation households were associated with a persistent disadvantage for educational attainment. Limited socioeconomic resources partially accounted for the adverse effects of alternative households, whereas parenting quality did not explain these effects. Interactions of gender by household structure suggested that stepfather households could have negative consequences for high school completion and college enrollment only for girls. | eng_Latn | 8,582 |
This article examines sex differences in family bonds as a possible explanation of sex differences in self-reported delinquent behavior (SRD) among a national probability sample of 1725 adolescents. It was hypothesized that girls would report significantly stronger family bonds and significantly lower delinquency than boys. The findings provide limited support for these hypotheses. The expected sex differences in SRD were observed. males report significantly greater involvement in all forms of delinquent behavior. However, the expected sex differences in family bonds were not observed. Family bonds are modestly correlated with delinquency, but at comparable rates for males and females, and with evidence of their greater association among males in many cases. Theoretical and methodological explanations are suggested for the divergence of the observed findings from existing research. | This article utilizes the findings from a qualitative field work conducted in an immigrant Bangladeshi community in New York City to understand the nature of juvenile deviant and/or delinquent behavior as well as factors that contribute to this behavior. Although the data indicate that Bangladeshi juveniles are not involved in any serious law violations, community members perceive several risk factors that may lead juveniles in this immigrant community to be involved in delinquent behavior. This article also identifies the protective factors that are grounded in the community’s cultural values that may work as a shield against youth becoming delinquent in this community. | In a simple structural model, we derive closed form solutions for the market values of a defaultable firm's debt and equity when debt has a heterogeneous priority structure - under the form of senior and junior bonds - and the absolute priority rule prevails. The firm is subject to liquidity and solvency risks and liquidation is immediate upon bankruptcy. We investigate the two-sided issue of optimal capital structure and optimal debt priority. We also examine the spread differential between senior and junior bonds | eng_Latn | 8,583 |
This paper investigates alternatives to studying the lives of lone mothers ::: through the homogenizing category ‘lone mother’. This can be achieved by an ::: analysis which combines the following three critical perspectives on the category: ::: first, understanding the impact that contexts (both material and cultural) have ::: on how lone motherhood is defined and experienced; second, acknowledging ::: how the category ‘lone mother’ is but one aspect of a woman’s life in which also ::: other categories such as gender, class and ethnicity intersect and interact; and ::: third, examining the impact that the category ‘lone mother’ has on the lives of ::: women. These three routes of analysis in combination allow an appreciation of ::: the constraints placed by social inequalities on the lives of lone mothers, while ::: not reducing these multi-dimensional lives to the one-dimensional category ::: ‘lone mother’, and could form the basis of less stigmatizing and more effective ::: policies. | Acknowledgements List of Figures List of Tables How to Explain the 'Problem' of Lone Motherhood: An Introduction Understanding Lone Motherhood: Competing Discourses and Positions Lone Mothers in Neighbourhoods: Material Contexts and Social Capital Lone Mothers and Gendered Moral Rationalities: Orientations to Paid Work Lone Mothers and Paid Work: Human Capital or Gendered Moral Rationalities? Lone Mothers in Labour Markets: Employment Availability and Geography Lone Mothers and Genderfare: Positioning Lone Mothers in Welfare States Economic Decision-Making and Moral Rationalities From National 'Welfare to Work' to Local 'Welfare to Work' Bibliography Index | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 8,584 |
The determination of the mechanical properties of cells plays an important role in biological studies and has gained acceptance recently as a possible label-free biomarker for cell status determination or diseases detection. Investigations on how external cellular properties affect cell mechanics are helpful in understanding cell disease processes and cell morphogenesis, which are of large significance in medical science. Although most researchers have focused on individual cell mechanics, or the effect of substrate stiffness on cells, cell mechanical response due to interactions among cells is yet to be examined. A reason for this is that the study of cell mechanical response to cell shape requires one to use a cell patterning process. However, existing cell patterning methods are very complex and time-consuming. In this paper, we describe a practical and rapid technique that can easily pattern cells into desired shapes, which allows investigations of the effect of external environment on cell stiffness. In the new technique, Poly-(ethylene) glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel film with thickness 70n100 nm is controllably patterned on a hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) substrate by polymerizing PEGDA molecules in-situ using programmable visual light patterns. The idea is to enable the confinement of cells cultured on the hydrogels into special areas. The elastic modulus of the patterned cells is measured using an atomic force microscope. Experimental results have demonstrated the versatility of the technique as a tool for cell pattering and exploration of cell mechanics under external mechanical stimuli. | Mechanical cues can influence the manner in which cells generate traction forces and form focal adhesions. The stiffness of a cell's substrate and the available area on which it can spread can influence its generation of traction forces, but to what extent these factors are intertwined is unclear. In this study, we used microcontact printing and micropost arrays to control cell spreading, substrate stiffness, and post density to assess their effect on traction forces and focal adhesions. We find that both the spread area and the substrate stiffness influence traction forces in an independent manner, but these factors have opposite effects: cells on stiffer substrates produce higher average forces, whereas cells with larger spread areas generate lower average forces. We show that post density influences the generation of traction forces in a manner that is more dominant than the effect of spread area. Additionally, we observe that focal adhesions respond to spread area, substrate stiffness, and post density in a manner that closely matches the trends seen for traction forces. This work supports the notion that traction forces and focal adhesions have a close relationship in their response to mechanical cues. | Despite significant improvement in female schooling over the last two decades, only a small proportion of women in South Asia are in wage employment. We revisit this puzzle using a nationally representative data set from Bangladesh. Probit regression results show that even after accounting for human capital endowments, women are systematically less likely to participate in paid work than men. Oaxaca decomposition of the gender gap confirms that most of it (i.e. 95%) is unexplained by endowment differences. Instead, community norms such as the practice of purdah (i.e. female seclusion) have a statistically significant and negative effect on women's participation in paid work. We do not find any evidence that purdah norm variable affect paid work participation indirectly, via determining the labor force participation decision. The correlation between current work participation and purdah norm in natal household is insignificant confirming that the result is not driven by omitted individual-specific socio-economic factors. We also use data on past purdah practice of the current community to estimate an instrumental variable Probit regression model and rule out the possibility of reverse causality. Detailed decomposition analysis reveals that community purdah norm accounts for a quarter of the total unexplained gap. The findings are robust to controls for the influence of co-resident in-laws, household structure, marital status, and a wide range of community characteristics such as ecological factors, presence of NGOs, provision of public infrastructure, remoteness and local labor market conditions including the norm of unacceptability of unmarried women's outside work in the community. | eng_Latn | 8,585 |
Thank you very much for reading winnicott and good enough couple therapy reflections of a couple therapist. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen books like this winnicott and good enough couple therapy reflections of a couple therapist, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer. | ABSTRACTThe current study uses an initial intake interview as an assessment tool in the Supporting Father Involvement (SFI) intervention and considers it from a family systems theoretical perspective. SFI includes a 32-hour group for parents with young children that aims to reduce child abuse and promote family well-being through a curriculum focused on enhancing positive father involvement and coparenting. For this study, the initial clinical interview assessed partners’ synchronies and dissonance in parenting, coparenting, and relationship satisfaction domains. Using thematic analysis, we qualitatively analyzed interviews with 15 committed, heterosexual couples, exploring themes that correspond with higher versus lower couple satisfaction measured by the Quality of Marital Satisfaction Index. Results showed a strong concordance between partners’ satisfaction scores, with fathers less satisfied than mothers. Thematic differences between higher and lower satisfaction parents centered on approach to discip... | The paper presents explicit formulas for the reflection coefficient of a broadband matching Chebyshev equalizer, satisfying Youla's coefficient constraints. The results are very important in that they provide the missing links permitting computation of element values for Chebyshev equalizers of any order. | eng_Latn | 8,586 |
Social life is fostered by having a partner and children that create interactions and generate new social networks. For divorced parents, the question is whether these positive relationships remain after marital dissolution. Do children form an additional barrier to social interaction, or do new partners present a means to reconstruct divorcees’ social life? In this case, it is important to consider custody arrangements. The research question is how custody arrangements affect divorced parents’ possibilities to participate in outdoor home leisure activities and to maintain their social contacts. Focus is placed on the recent post-divorce parenting model of joint physical custody, taking Belgium as a pioneer case study. Multi-level regressions are conducted, using multi-actor data from the Divorce in Flanders survey (N = 1506 divorced parents). Results show that joint physical custody helps divorced parents to stay socially integrated. Especially for mothers, joint physical custody has a liberating effect.... | Alternate living, i.e. children living 50-50 with their parents following separation is emerging as a new family form. This study is the first to differentiate separated mothers with sole/main custody from mothers with alternately living children, analysing health outcomes and using a sample representative of the population. The association between the self-rated health (SRH) of mothers and different family structures are examined. Parental cooperation is included in the analyses as a potential mediator. Data on 755 mothers from the 2010 Swedish Level of Living Survey were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Single mothers with sole/main custody reported poorer SRH than couple mothers in intact families while the difference was not significant for single mothers with children living alternately and mothers in stepfamilies. Controlling for potential confounders, probabilities for poor SRH for single mothers were reduced. The excess risk among mothers with sole/main custody may be due to poorer so... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 8,587 |
This paper seeks to explore the nature of women's workforce participation in urban Delhi through a household survey carried out in Delhi during a three month period between September 2006 and November 2006. It also attempts to identify key factors influencing women's decision to work, the type of work they do, the constraints they face, and the perceived benefits and costs of engaging in paid work outside the home. In doing so, issues surrounding the methodology and underestimation of women's work are also tackled. ::: ::: The survey estimates a greater female workforce participation rate than recorded in the NSS. This suggests that undercounting and perception bias can be overcome through intensive probing as was done here. ::: ::: A key finding is that most working women do not have access to paid leave or provident fund. This reflects the informality that surrounds women's work. The key factors which appear to push up women's workforce participation rates include higher education, reduction in time spent on housework (domestic technology, water and electricity, child care arrangements), and safety in public spaces (transport, lighting). Results stress the role of variables beyond the labour market and work space in influencing women's access to work opportunities. The time spent on care work is high, and working women are not able to reduce their house responsibilities very much. The results confirm that the decision to work outside the home is usually a function of the preferences of the marital home. ::: ::: The study suggests the need to understand the familial and household context within which labourmarket decisions are made. The role of family and kinship structures to determine women's work-life choices emerge as an important area for further study. | Despite significant improvement in female schooling over the last two decades, only a small proportion of women in South Asia are in wage employment. We revisit this puzzle using a nationally representative data set from Bangladesh. Probit regression results show that even after accounting for human capital endowments, women are systematically less likely to participate in paid work than men. Oaxaca decomposition of the gender gap confirms that most of it (i.e. 95%) is unexplained by endowment differences. Instead, community norms such as the practice of purdah (i.e. female seclusion) have a statistically significant and negative effect on women's participation in paid work. We do not find any evidence that purdah norm variable affect paid work participation indirectly, via determining the labor force participation decision. The correlation between current work participation and purdah norm in natal household is insignificant confirming that the result is not driven by omitted individual-specific socio-economic factors. We also use data on past purdah practice of the current community to estimate an instrumental variable Probit regression model and rule out the possibility of reverse causality. Detailed decomposition analysis reveals that community purdah norm accounts for a quarter of the total unexplained gap. The findings are robust to controls for the influence of co-resident in-laws, household structure, marital status, and a wide range of community characteristics such as ecological factors, presence of NGOs, provision of public infrastructure, remoteness and local labor market conditions including the norm of unacceptability of unmarried women's outside work in the community. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 8,588 |
The Influences of the Chinese Modern Family Changes on the Socialization of Children | This article mainly introduces the contemporary changes in Chinese family and especially analyses the transformation of family structure and type, family housing conditions, family relationship network, the relationship between husband and wife and parenthood. In addition, it discusses the influence of family changes in the socialization of children. Then it expounds the new transformation in children’s socialization because of family, school, mass media, etc. Finally, it discusses its challenge and reflection to family and pedagogue. | Abstract The article deals with the methodological considerations about the formal characteristics of television news programmes and their impact on the formation of the concept of cultural differences. | eng_Latn | 8,589 |
Combining Income and Wealth: An Analysis of Farm Family "Well-Being" | Personal distribution of well-being of farm families relative to all U. S. families is substantially improved when wealth is considered along with money income. The "live poor and die rich" paradox facing older farm families could often be overcome by providing an easier means whereby they could use up equity in family living. | Copyright © 2013 Immanuel Ness and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is the accepted version of the following article: Wayne, M. and O'Neill, D. (2013), The Condition of the Working Class: Representation and Praxis. WorkingUSA, 16: 487–503, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/wusa.12076/abstract. | eng_Latn | 8,590 |
MOTHERS' COMMENTS ABOUT TV Relation to Family Communication Patterns | Interview data from a sample of 336 mothers of elementary school children were used to examine the relationship between family communication style (that is, the degree of concept orientation or socio-orientation) and mothers' comments to their children about the content of TV programs. The major findings were as follows: Concept orientation was associated positively with mothers' exploration of moral issues raised by TV programs in discussions with their children (but not with the giving of explicit directives about the implications of these issues for the children's own conduct). Concept orientation was also associated with mothers' use of TV as an occasion for giving their children information about historical, geographic, or scientific details pertinent to a TV program. Finally, concept orientation was associated with mothers' statements to their children that things on TV are just make-believe. Socio-orientation, on the other hand, was associated with mothers' statements to their children that various... | ABSTRACTThe study presented here is the first empirical investigation of the patterns and predictors of the intergenerational transmission of French in Quebec. An online questionnaire was used to g... | kor_Hang | 8,591 |
Children's Role in Generating Social Capital | Using data from the 500 Family Study, this study examines how adolescents contribute to their families' social capital. An instrumental variable model reveals that adolescents' social involvement has a positive effect on social support from sources outside the family, suggesting that parents connect to other parents in the community through their children. This finding provides an interesting revision to Coleman's model of social closure. It indicates that rather than being solely the outcome of parents' investments, the creation of social capital is a process also mediated by the children themselves, who can act as motivators of network building for their parents. | XI 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.1.1 Childhood injuries – the New Zealand context 3 1.2 Statement of the Problem 3 1.3 Statement of Purpose 5 1.3.1 The context for the study 5 1.3.2 State research question 6 1.3.3 Study aims 6 1.4 Significance of Research 7 1.4.1 Potential benefits to childhood research 7 1.4.2 Study delimitations 8 1.5 Thesis Structure Chapter Overview 9 2: Literature Review 11 2. | eng_Latn | 8,592 |
The Association Between Family Flexibility, Food Preoccupation and Body Image Among Crystal Abuser Women | Background ::: Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive stimulant which has destructive effects. There is also evidence that methamphetamine use in some females, partly is due to their desire to lose weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between family flexibility, food preoccupation and body image among crystal abuser women. | This article mainly introduces the contemporary changes in Chinese family and especially analyses the transformation of family structure and type, family housing conditions, family relationship network, the relationship between husband and wife and parenthood. In addition, it discusses the influence of family changes in the socialization of children. Then it expounds the new transformation in children’s socialization because of family, school, mass media, etc. Finally, it discusses its challenge and reflection to family and pedagogue. | eng_Latn | 8,593 |
Gender and family business: new theoretical directions | Purpose – This editorial aims to investigate the interface between gendered processes and family business by exploring the extent to which gendered processes are reinforced (or not) in family business operations and dynamics. This approach will complement the agency and resource-based view theoretical bases that dominate family business research (Chrisman et al., 2009) and further contribute to extending gender theories. Design/methodology/approach – Acknowledging that gender is socially constructed, this editorial discusses the interface between gendered processes and family business within entrepreneurship research. Findings – Despite a growing interest in gender and family business, there is limited literature that explores gender theory within family business research. A gender theory approach embracing family business research contributes to a needed theoretical deconstruction of existing perspectives on the operations, sustainability and succession of family businesses in the twenty-first century. O... | Argues that managed care and integration hit family practice like a huge wave, leaving the specialty wallowing and damaged in a trough between waves and that the circumstance is promoting lots of experimentation. | eng_Latn | 8,594 |
New trends in teacher’s education. Educational placement of the adopted child | Abstract In Italy, the number of adopted school-age children is increasing. According to the Commission of Intercountry Adoption (2013), 3106 children were adopted, 47.5% of them are between 5 and 9 years old. The present action-research aims at exploring the spread of good approaches in schools in terms of welcoming of adopted children. For this purpose, 268 teachers of primary schools were involved in analyzing the social representation about adopted children and their family. The results show a simplified vision of the adoptive family, which is described as heroic family or, on the contrary, as a family with difficulty. | Whether the existing adjunct attachment hypothesis and models apply to Chinese English learners is unknown and it needs further research.This study chooses 49 college students randomly to do the ambiguous sentences processed by using Tobii T-120.The research shows the eye movement traces and oral report results,and both illustrate that Chinese students have NP1 preference,which supports the linguistic tuning hypothesis. | eng_Latn | 8,595 |
Dual careers: the new norm for Gen Y professionals? | Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use the kaleidoscope career model as a lens through which to explore the career choices and decisions of young professional couples and the strategies that they use to facilitate successful dual careers while attempting to balance their work and non-work lives. Design/methodology/approach – Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews with 18 couples. Couples were interviewed separately to explore how individual career values and choices shape decisions in partnership. Template analysis was used to identify career patterns as defined by the kaleidoscope career model. Findings – Gender-based patterns suggested by the kaleidoscope career model appear to be giving way to different patterns based on individual career aspirations, earning capacity and motivation within a dual career (as opposed to simply dual income) household. For some young professionals challenge and balance are equally important and so unlike the original interpretation of the KCM their caree... | This article addresses role conflict and image problems nurses have with role partners. If these problems were corrected, nurses could be valuable assets in a "team selling" effort to help hospitals build their images. This research integrates sales management concepts and cites literature alluding to sales management research on identical problems. | eng_Latn | 8,596 |
Unemployment and Family Violence | It seems that the rate of family violence has increased with the rising of unemployment.In order to contain this kind of violence,the author puts forward two ways,one is to rectify family members' behavior by marriage law,the other is the solve the problem of unemployment | Objective: to analyse the sociocultural and organizational factors of the health services related to the unplanned absenteeism. Material and methods: by mean... | eng_Latn | 8,597 |
[Effect of alcoholic intoxication in female rats on the functioning of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal cortex system of their progeny]. | Administration of alcohol (20% ethanol) to female rats for the whole pregnancy leads to activation in the progeny of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical system (GPACS). This manifests in an increase in corticoliberin production by neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus, secretion of ACTH by the pituitary, and high production of corticosteroids by the adrenals. Activation of the GPACS which is demonstrable in fetuses and in young rats aged 1-3 days and 1 and 3 months is replaced by this system inhibition by the age of 6 months. Therefore, alcoholic intoxication of the mother's body has a toxic effect on all the components of the GPACS (production of corticoliberin and ACTH, corticosteroid function of the adrenals). | Abstract This study dealt with the long-term effects of father absence as a consequence of bereavement or divorce on adolescents' self-esteem and adjustment. The relative strengths of two models were compared. The first, a family deficit model, predicted poorer outcomes for adolescents from disrupted families than for adolescents from intact families. The second, a family environment model, predicted that the quality of family interaction, rather than family type, would influence adolescents outcomes. Three closely matched groups of 18 mother-adolescent dyads (N = 54) from bereaved, divorced, and intact families were interviewed. The results did not support the family deficit model. Whereas family type accounted for less than 1% of the variance in measures of adolescent self-esteem and adjustment, family environment accounted for between 12% and 29% of the variance. It is argued that family type is too crude a concept to capture the complexity of family influence on adolescent well-being. Instead, the val... | eng_Latn | 8,598 |
Family Planning Policies and the Imbalance in Sex Eatio at Birth | In this paper,I choose sex selection and family planning policies as two main factors that influence sex ratio at birth.Through quantitative analysis,I analyze the influence of sex selection and family planning policies on the imbalance in sex ratio at birth.This analysis shows that the higher the success rate of sex selection of the second-baby,the higher the sex ratio at birth and the bigger the absolute margin between two kinds of family planning policies,but the relative margin between them is stable.When sex se-lection is at a certain rate,the absolute margin between the two kinds of family planning policies is bigger,so is sex ratio at birth.But the relative margin between them is still stable. | As a kind of purchasing decision making subject,family is a very special organization.The internal role structure vicissitude of Chinese Urban Family is obvious during social and economic double transformation period.Take three medium-size urban family for example,our survey indicated not only marital roles in the family purchasing decision making varied with different product category,but also with purchasing decision processes.The conclusions probably provided some implications for the marketing communication and segmentation. | eng_Latn | 8,599 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.