Search is not available for this dataset
query
stringlengths 1
13.4k
| pos
stringlengths 1
61k
| neg
stringlengths 1
63.9k
| query_lang
stringclasses 147
values | __index_level_0__
int64 0
3.11M
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
Study on the Effect of Sodium Polyacrylate and its Compounds on Artificial Warm Fog Dissipation | Sodium polyacrylate as a kind of high absorbent resin, has an excellent water absorption performance, is low in price and isn’t corrosive. Compounds of different particle sizes and components were prepared using sodium polyacrylate and sodium chloride. They were used in the fog chamber to disperse warm fog respectively then. Experiments were carried out to investigate how particle size and composition affect the warm fog dissipation. Results as follows are obtained: the time light transmittance recovers to 60% (t60%) is 85min when the fog dissipates naturally; 30g sodium polyacrylate whose average size is 30μm has a good effect on warm fog dissipation, t60% being 14min; when the sodium polyacrylate and sodium chloride are mixed by 1:2 in mass ratio, the fog elimination effect is the best, with t60% 6min. The reasons are analyzed at the same time. | For decades, plasmonic nanostructures have been used as important optical sensing platforms, however, the necessity of sensitive optical instruments for detection greatly limits their practical application. Herein, a multi-responsive naked eye plasmonic indicator has been prepared through introduction of a responsive polymer brush (PNIPAm) into the cavity of a Ag nanovolcano array (Ag NVA). According to the phase change of the PNIPAm brush under different external conditions, the as-prepared Ag NVA shows responsive monochromatic colors, which allow the Ag NVA to serve as a plasmonic indicator detected by the naked eye. Importantly, the as-prepared Ag NVA also possesses a rapid response rate as well as excellent repeatability, and is compatible with conventional micro-fabrication methods. All of these excellent features make the as-prepared Ag NVA an attractive candidate for future optical indicating and intelligent color display applications. | eng_Latn | 9,100 |
MICROSCOPIC ORIGIN OF DIMERIZATION IN THE CUO2 CHAINS IN SR14CU24O41 | The interplay between structure and magnetic properties of Sr14Cu24O411d with CuO2 chain and Cu2O3 ladder building blocks is studied as a function of oxygen nonstoichiometry. The characteristic decrease in the magnetic susceptibility below 80 K for d'0 disappears both with increasing and decreasing d , and, correspondingly, the periodicity of the superstructure, which arises from the lattice mismatch along the chain direction between the two structure blocks, shows a significant change. The microscopic origin of the singlet ground state is suggested to be the localization of electrons at low temperature in dimers on structurally modulated CuO2 chains. @S0163-1829~96!04946-6# | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | yue_Hant | 9,101 |
Study on SiO_2-supproted Iron-based Catalysts in Ethylene Oligomerization | The 2,6-Bis(imino)-Pyridyl Ligands iron-based catalysts supported on SiO2 were prepared.The catalytic activity and selectivity of the system in ethylene oligomerization were studied under different supported temperature,reaction pressures,the amount of catalysts and propylene.The results showed that low supported temperature is good to catalytic activities.The activity cycle increased and polymerization temperature was stable,and ethylene conversion of unit cocatalyst methylaluminoxane(MAO) increased when using section pressure mode.But the selectivities of α-olefins almost invariant.The activities calculated by unit MAO increased after SiO2-supported.With the increase of catalysts,the ethylene conversion of unit MAO increases.The activities decrease when adding propylene and more low-molecular-weight products were produced. | Organic contamination adsorbed on 200 mm silicon wafers was characterized using various analytical techniques. Surface hydrophobicity, apparent optical thickness and electrical surface charge are used to characterize the silicon surface state. They only give information on total organic contamination. MIR-FTIR is very sensitive for detecting CH2 and CH3 contained in organics on silicon wafers. TOF-SIMS is quite sensitive and enables some of the organics to be recognized by identifying the molecule fragments. TDGC-MS is the most relevant technique to identify organic contamination on silicon wafers as extensive identification libraries exist. | eng_Latn | 9,102 |
Two-dimensional arrays self-assembled via interference of concentration modulation waves in drying solutions | The self-assembly of patterned nanostructures in solution-processed thin films with multiphase block-copolymers is successful. Generation of small and well-defined regular structures directly from single-phase polymer films is challenging. Here, a 2-dimensional (2D) patterned array of single-phase polymers was self-assembled by a solution process. One-dimensional spinodal precipitation with a characteristic wavelength was achieved along a pinned contact line of the drying solution to form a one-dimensional periodic structure (1DPS) via geometry and concentration confinement. The latter was uncovered from the liquid by sequential depinning and repinning of the contact line. A new 1DPS with an inherited phase re-emerged and triggered depinning and repinning. The process was self-repeated and a 2D array was formed with a tuneable lattice type and parameters, which was governed by the interference of two concentration-modulated waves. | Nowadays, high-throughput analysis of biological events is a great challenge which could take benefit of the recent development of microarray devices. The great potential of such technology is related to the availability of a chip bearing a large set of probes, stable and easy to obtain, and suitable for ligand-binding detection. Here, we describe a new method based on polypyrrole chemistry, allowing the covalent immobilization of peptides in a microarray format and on a gold surface compatible with the use of surface plasmon resonance. This technique is then illustrated by the detection and characterization of antibodies induced by hepatitis C virus and present in patients' serums. | eng_Latn | 9,103 |
Organic analysis with a new Ag+-selective membrane electrode | Abstract A new Ag + -selective membrane electrode obtained by impregnating a graphite rod (attached to the end of a Teflon tube) with the silver(I) chelate of 1-(2′,3′,5′-tri- O -benzoyl-β- D -ribofuranosyl)-4-thioxo-5-methylthio-6-azauracil dissolved in chloroform gives a stable and reproducible response to silver in the 10 −1 -10 −5 M range with a slope of 60 mV/decade. A new method for determination of some β-chlorovinyl ketones is based on use of the electrode in potentiometric titration of the chloride displaced by tertiary amines from β-chlorovinyl ketones in forming the corresponding quaternary ammonium salts. | The present invention provides a sealing liquid which does not contain a nickel salt but is capable of achieving a sealing performance equivalent to that in cases where a sealing liquid containing a nickel salt is used, and which enables an anodic oxide coating film sealed therewith to exhibit excellent contamination resistance. ::: The present invention provides a sealing liquid for anodic oxide coating films of aluminum alloys, which contains a metal salt, a pH buffering agent and a surfactant, and which is characterized in that the metal salt is at least one salt selected from among alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts. | eng_Latn | 9,104 |
HOMOCYSTEINE AND HIGH SENSITIVITY C -REACTIVE PROTEIN IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, AND THEIR RELATION WITH DISEASES ACTIVITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS | Sedighy S (MD)*, Sadani S (MD), Rezaii Yazdi Z (MD), Hatef MR (MD) Tavakoli Afshar J (MD), Azarpazhoh MR (MD), Aghai M (MD), Esmaeili H (PhD) Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sicneces, Gorgan, Iran. General Physician, Clinical Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sicneces, Gorgan, Iran. Associate Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Mashhad University of Medical Sicneces, Mashhad, Iran. Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sicnece, Mashhad, Iran. Epidemiologist, Mashhad University of Medical Sicnece, Mashhad, Iran. ___________________________________________________________________________ Abstract | Response of cholesteric sensor materials to biologically active UV radiation has been studied. The sensor mixture comprised a cholesteric liquid crystalline matrix doped with provitamin D, and changes in the maximum selective reflection wavelength λ max caused by the photochemical reaction of provitamin D → vitamin D transformation were recorded. Using a UV source (DRT-240 lamp) calibrated accounting for the specific irradiation geometry, λ max shifts were obtained as function of UV illuminance dose (in J/cm 2 ). Using a set of optical filters cutting off specified parts of the provitamin D absorption spectrum, effects of the spectral composition of UV radiation upon the response characteristics of sensor were determined. The results obtained support our earlier considerations of the developed sensor material as bioequivalent. | yue_Hant | 9,105 |
Laser-excited atomic fluorescence in a pulsed hollow-cathode glow discharge. | A pulsed glow discharge with low background noise is evaluated as an atom reservoir for laser-induced atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Aqueous solutions are dried in graphite electrodes that are used as disposable hollow cathodes. Atomic vapor is produced in a flowing-gas glow discharge with a water-cooled cathode holder. A dye laser triggers a switching circuit that pulses that glow discharge, and fluorescence measurements are made 100 microseconds after the discharge is extinguished. The atomic population is large during this dark period, while the background emission is negligible. Linear calibration curves are obtained by nonresonance fluorescence for two elements, Pb and Ir. The detection limits for Pb are 100 pg/mL and 500 fg, and for Ir are 6 ng/mL and 20 pg. The experimental detection limit for Pb is compared to the intrinsic detection limit. | A supramolecular circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) system was constructed based on the co-gelation of an achiral tetraphenylethylene derivative and chiral organic gelators of glutamic acid in chloroform. Adjusting the stoichiometric ratio was found to be an effective strategy for regulating the handedness of CPL. | eng_Latn | 9,106 |
A Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Technology: LMDS | Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) is a rising technology of fixed broadband wireless access. With great transmission capacity, it is cost-effective and has aroused much attention of telecom operators all over the world. This paper describes the background and current status of the LMDS technology first, then discusses its service types, operation frequency, system structure and standardization status. It also compares LMDS with other exsiting access systems such as cable TV system, ADSL and MMDS (Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service). It concludes that solutions to poor signal quality, limited service scope and high operation cost of LMDS may promote its commerical application. | This paper reports on the development of optically based techniques to detect and identify chemical agents. Detection ::: sensitivity and molecule discrimination are studied. In parallel, efforts are made to develop rugged and compact ::: experimental designs that can be used for field measurements. Laser Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a ::: surface analyzing optical technique investigated to measure sarin like molecules deposited on samples coming from the ::: Parisian subway. On the other hand, Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLS) - Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy ::: (CRDS) or Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) - is used to measure traces of the industrial toxic ::: hydrogen fluoride gas down to the ppb level. Measurements in laboratory are reported and primary results obtained in a ::: field experiment are described. | eng_Latn | 9,107 |
Health Effects of Alternate Disinfectants and Their Reaction Products | Chlorine dioxide and its organic reaction products may present a higher risk from acute toxicity than chlorine, combined chlorine, or ozone, but its use may be advantageou when the generation of possibly carcinogenic byproducts by other disinfectants is considered | In this paper, We report the design, modeling, fabrication and characterization MEMS Coulter counter which can monitor the dynamic cell impedance changes in situ as a function of time after mixing isolated cell populations with different extracellular media. The device consists of a multilayer of SU-8 microchannel which is divided into a passive mixing region, a focusing region using negative dielectrophoretic forces, and a measuring region by multiple electroplated vertical electrode pairs. Both fluidic and electrical functionality of the device were tested with using yeast cells in cryoprotectant agent (diluted dimethyl sulfoxide), and microbeads with different dimensions, and dyed fluids. The results demonstrate rapid changes of cell volume within the first 0.6 sec after mixing followed by a stable and a fixed cell volume. | eng_Latn | 9,108 |
Determination of Film Thickness and Anisotropy of the Refractive Indices in 4-octyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl Liquid Crystalline Free-Standing Films | The layer structure of 4-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) liquid crystalline free-standing films (FSFs) was studied. By transmission ellipsometry using a photoelastic modulator (PEM), the incidence angle dependence of the phase difference was measured with high resolution. The theoretical characteristics in the smectic A (SmA) phase structure were calculated by the geometric analysis method, changing the film thickness and the anisotropy of the refractive indices as parameters. Then, we were able to accurately determine the film thickness and the anisotropy of the refractive indices (n|| =1.665, n⊥=1.523) of 8CB-FSF, by fitting the simulated characteristics to the experimental characteristics using the least-squares method. | A method of manufacturing a strongly adherent coating on an inorganic or organic base, on a) an inorganic or organic base, low-temperature plasma treatment, subjected to corona discharge treatment or flame treatment, b) on the inorganic or organic substrate, one more photoinitiators or mixtures of photoinitiators with monomers or / and oligomers containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, or solutions of the above materials, applying the suspension or emulsion, and optionally, c) using suitable methods, or dry these foregoing materials, and the method of irradiating with / or electromagnetic waves, the formula (I), (II), (III) and / or (IV): IN-L-RG (I) , IN-L-RG 1 -L 1 -H (II), IN-L-RG 1 -L 1 -IN 1 (III), IN-L-RG 1 -L 1 - , Monoacyl phosphine, be a mono-acylphosphine oxide or monoacylphosphine sulfide photoinitiator group; L, L | eng_Latn | 9,109 |
Prevention of Plasticizer Leaching From the Inner Surface of Narrow Polyvinyl Chloride Tube by DC Glow Discharge Plasma | The prevention of plasticizer leaching from the inner surface of a narrow polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube by dc glow discharge plasma generated inside the tube was investigated. The inner surface of PVC tubes with a 4-mm inner diameter was treated by Ar plasma. The amount of plasticizer leached from the inner surface of the PVC tubes was measured by using a novel extraction device. The effects of the treatment time, working pressure, and applied voltage on the leaching of the plasticizer were investigated. All the plasma-treated samples showed a strong reduction of the leaching of the plasticizer with respect to the untreated one. The amount of plasticizer leached from the inner surface was reduced by a factor of three after the 30-min treatment at 40 Pa and 700 V. It was found that the applied voltage had little effect on the leaching of the plasticizer and that the amount of leached plasticizer decreased with increasing treatment time and decreasing working pressure. | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,110 |
Optical nanosensors for intracellular sodium analysis | We have shown two types of nano-sized sensors, particle-based nano-sized sensors and quantum dot sensors capable of measuring the type of sodium dynamics that occur in cells. In these studies the sensors were loaded into cells using picoinjection. This minimizes the cell damage seen in electroporation and prevents the sensors from being trapped in endosomes as seen in the endocytotic loading. The sensors were loaded into cells containing voltage gated sodium channels and showed dispersion throughout the cytosol. Optical detection of sodium influx into the cell could be detected. | Abstract Even though required for a robust production, direct measurement of the surface condition in-process is a challenge due to technical limitations. A concept for in-process monitoring of surface conditions like hardness or microtopography using observer-like structures will be discussed in this paper from a metrological point of view. Initially, the background regarding manufacturing and material sciences is summarized. Afterwards, the problem is analysed from a control engineering point of view and challenges and solutions are discussed. Finally, a concept for a new sensor, the opto-pneumatic scattered light sensor, is presented, which contributes to the indirect measurement of the microtophography in-process. | eng_Latn | 9,111 |
Using optical forces for the characterization of biological cell activities | Optical forces successfully manipulate biological cells and measure small forces such as molecular binding forces. This paper focuses on the use of optical forces for the direct characterization of various activities of biological cells. | Background ::: In patients who have macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion, the role of vasoactive molecules such as growth factors and the influence of molecules related to leukocyte adhesion need to be investigated further. | eng_Latn | 9,112 |
Chemical warfare and industrial agents detection and identification by LIBS and CRDS | This paper reports on the development of optically based techniques to detect and identify chemical agents. Detection ::: sensitivity and molecule discrimination are studied. In parallel, efforts are made to develop rugged and compact ::: experimental designs that can be used for field measurements. Laser Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a ::: surface analyzing optical technique investigated to measure sarin like molecules deposited on samples coming from the ::: Parisian subway. On the other hand, Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLS) - Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy ::: (CRDS) or Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) - is used to measure traces of the industrial toxic ::: hydrogen fluoride gas down to the ppb level. Measurements in laboratory are reported and primary results obtained in a ::: field experiment are described. | Immunochemical analyses of protein expression and localization rely on the specificity of primary immunoreagents. A recent report, using transgenic mice, casts doubt on the specificity of three antibodies commonly used to immunolocalize alpha7 nicotinic ACh receptors. These data highlight the conundrum facing histologists--how 'real' is the labelling they see? | eng_Latn | 9,113 |
An enzyme in human blood plasma that inactivates bradykinin and kallidins. | Abstract Human plasma fraction IV-1 contains an enzyme that rapidly inactivates bradykinin and kallidin II. The activity of the enzyme was characterized with biological and chemical techniques; it inactivates bradykinin by breaking its Phe8.Arg9 bond.Zn2+ or Co2+ can reactivate the enzyme, which is inhibited by chelating agents, but Co2+ is the only accelerator found. Numerous other compounds inhibit only. The enzyme in human red blood cells that destroys bradykinin is different from the plasma enzyme. The suggestion was made to name the enzyme in human plasma fraction IV-1 “carboxypeptidase N”. | This paper reports on the development of optically based techniques to detect and identify chemical agents. Detection ::: sensitivity and molecule discrimination are studied. In parallel, efforts are made to develop rugged and compact ::: experimental designs that can be used for field measurements. Laser Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a ::: surface analyzing optical technique investigated to measure sarin like molecules deposited on samples coming from the ::: Parisian subway. On the other hand, Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLS) - Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy ::: (CRDS) or Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) - is used to measure traces of the industrial toxic ::: hydrogen fluoride gas down to the ppb level. Measurements in laboratory are reported and primary results obtained in a ::: field experiment are described. | eng_Latn | 9,114 |
Chelating Surfaces for Oriented Human Serum Albumin Molecules | Protein immobilization in a specific conformation or orientation at an interface is influenced by specific interactions with the outer layer of the surface. A strategy to build-up a complex construct which is able to orient protein molecules, based on metal-cation chelation processes, is reported. The proposed methodology implies the formation of a mercaptoundecanoic acid monolayer on a gold surface that is activated to attach covalently the tripeptide glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine (GHK) on the surface, whose sites are then employed to chelate copper ions, providing a selective platform for the orientation of human serum albumin (HSA) molecules. The protein adsorption process on GHK and GHK–Cu(II)-complex surfaces was monitored by the in situ quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and force spectroscopy technique. The changes in frequency and dissipation factor as well as the D–f plots from QCM-D measurements help to characterize the changes in the protein conformation and are confir... | A 67-year-old woman with chronic renal failure, in periodic hemodialysis, presented an hemolytic anemia in relation to splenic sequestration. Light Microscopic examination of the spleen revealed multiple granulomatous reaction. Numerous macrophages contained inclusions which were non-birefringent and non-staining with routine stains. Electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-Ray analysis were performed and revealed silicone. Its origin was silicone tubing of the hemodialysis equipment. Pathogenic effects of silicone are discussed. | eng_Latn | 9,115 |
Effect of optical absorption and amplification in one waveguide of radiation propagation in a multiwave heterostructure with coupled waveguides | The unique features of optical radiation propagation in coupled waveguides based on a multilayer semiconductor heterostructure with real value of the index of refraction has been studied in the absence of light absorption or amplification. This paper considers the light absorption or amplification in such systems in the development of monolithic integrated optical components containing photodetectors, optical amplifiers or injection lasers. The profile for the real component of the index of refraction of two optically coupled waveguides is shown. | Protein immobilization in a specific conformation or orientation at an interface is influenced by specific interactions with the outer layer of the surface. A strategy to build-up a complex construct which is able to orient protein molecules, based on metal-cation chelation processes, is reported. The proposed methodology implies the formation of a mercaptoundecanoic acid monolayer on a gold surface that is activated to attach covalently the tripeptide glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine (GHK) on the surface, whose sites are then employed to chelate copper ions, providing a selective platform for the orientation of human serum albumin (HSA) molecules. The protein adsorption process on GHK and GHK–Cu(II)-complex surfaces was monitored by the in situ quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and force spectroscopy technique. The changes in frequency and dissipation factor as well as the D–f plots from QCM-D measurements help to characterize the changes in the protein conformation and are confir... | eng_Latn | 9,116 |
TRANSIENT SPECIES INDUCED IN X-RAY CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED POSITIVE RESISTS | The post exposure delay (PED) effect on transient species induced in Xray chemically amplified positive resist was investigated. The resist consisted of m-cresol novolac (matrix polymer), bisphenol A protected with tert-butoxycarbonyl groups (dissolution inhibitor), and triphenylsulfonium triflate (acid generator). In order to analyze the PED effect, the changes in optical absorption were measured with a conventional spectrophotometer. For the resist system, it was observed that the absorbance of protonated intermediates of a matrix polymer decreased with PED time. The rate of decrease was accelerated by air borne contaminants, and was also affected by dissolution inhibitor. | Data on the existence of a specific system regulating the growth, size, and structure of enterobacterial populations are first summarized in terms of the chemical ecology concept formulated by S.S. Shvarts. The role of this system in transgene functioning is described using the example of the lux operon integrated into Escherichia coli. A relatively simple test for estimating such interactions is proposed. | yue_Hant | 9,117 |
Amperometric determination of vanadium as vanadyl selenite | An amperometric titration procedure for the determination of vanadium as selenite in 0.044 M ammonium acetate and 50–55 per cent alcohol at a pH between 5.3–5.5 has been described. The titration is carried out at −1.10 V versus S.C.E. A V-shaped curve is obtained. The molar ratio of Se:V (1∶1) supports the formation of a normal selenite VOSeO3. | For decades, plasmonic nanostructures have been used as important optical sensing platforms, however, the necessity of sensitive optical instruments for detection greatly limits their practical application. Herein, a multi-responsive naked eye plasmonic indicator has been prepared through introduction of a responsive polymer brush (PNIPAm) into the cavity of a Ag nanovolcano array (Ag NVA). According to the phase change of the PNIPAm brush under different external conditions, the as-prepared Ag NVA shows responsive monochromatic colors, which allow the Ag NVA to serve as a plasmonic indicator detected by the naked eye. Importantly, the as-prepared Ag NVA also possesses a rapid response rate as well as excellent repeatability, and is compatible with conventional micro-fabrication methods. All of these excellent features make the as-prepared Ag NVA an attractive candidate for future optical indicating and intelligent color display applications. | eng_Latn | 9,118 |
Thiophosphate as a probe for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, model phosphorylation reactions and membrane permeability | 1. ::: ::: Monothiophosphate was used as a probe for substrate level phosphorylation, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and membrane permeability. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 2. ::: ::: Thiophosphate does not support ATP synthesis either in mitochondria or model enzymic reactions, conservation of oxidative energy occurring through formation of ATP(γ)S. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 3. ::: ::: Thiophosphoryl transfer is slower compared to phosphoryl (group) transfer. Such behavior is compatible with an addition-elimination mechanism. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 4. ::: ::: Thiophosphate accumulates in mitochondria by an energydependent process and substitutes for phosphate in the catalysis of metabolite transport. Relative to phosphate, a slower and less extensive permeation was observed. | This paper describes the use of a thermochromic material (2,4,5-triphenylimidazole or also called Lophine) for the fabrication of temperature optical fiber sensors. First, an experimental study of this material at different temperatures is presented and subsequently its behavior in two different schemes (variations of the reflected optical power and of the transmitted optical power) is analyzed. The characterization of both low cost sensors is discussed comparing the experimental results and analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. Besides, all the measurements taken were immune to humidity obtaining ideal sensors for monitoring the temperature of the water in several applications. | eng_Latn | 9,119 |
The Lescol Intervention Prevention Study (LIPS): start all patients on statins early after PCI. | The Lescol Intervention Prevention Study (LIPS) was the first randomized trial to show a significant reduction in the risk of cardiac events in patients started on fluvastatin immediately after a successful percutaneous coronary intervention. The benefit was independent of baseline cholesterol levels. The results suggest that all patients should be discharged on lipid-lowering therapy after a percutaneous coronary intervention. Currently, this is seldom done. | This paper reports on the development of optically based techniques to detect and identify chemical agents. Detection ::: sensitivity and molecule discrimination are studied. In parallel, efforts are made to develop rugged and compact ::: experimental designs that can be used for field measurements. Laser Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a ::: surface analyzing optical technique investigated to measure sarin like molecules deposited on samples coming from the ::: Parisian subway. On the other hand, Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLS) - Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy ::: (CRDS) or Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) - is used to measure traces of the industrial toxic ::: hydrogen fluoride gas down to the ppb level. Measurements in laboratory are reported and primary results obtained in a ::: field experiment are described. | eng_Latn | 9,120 |
Modes of Self-Pollination and Absence of Cryptic Self-Incompatibility inDrosophyllum lusitanicum(Droseraceae) | : ::: ::: We show experimentally that several types of selfing occur simultaneously in Drosophyllum lusitanicum: prior, competitive, insect-facilitated, delayed and geitonogamous. In addition, we report evidence of cleistogamy in the flower bud. All types of selfing were successful in producing fruits and seeds; however, geitonogamy did not occur uniformly throughout the flowering period in this species. We also report the absence of cryptic self-incompatibility: the germination rate and pollen tube growth rate of cross pollen were no greater than those of self pollen when both types were placed on stigmas of the same flower (mixed pollination). There was a tendency for self pollen to be more vigorous than cross pollen but it just failed to reach significance. | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,121 |
Realtimekinetics ofrestriction endonuclease cleavage monitored byfluorescence resonanceenergytransfer | The kinetics of PaeR7endonuclease-catalysed cleavage reactions offluorophor-labeled oligonucleotide substrates havebeenexamined using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Aseries ofduplex substrates weresynthesized withaninternal CTCGAG PaeR7recognition siteanddonor(fluorescein) and acceptor (rhodamine) dyesconjugated totheopposing 5'termini. Thetime-dependent increase indonor fluorescence resulting fromrestriction cleavage of these substrates wascontinuously monitored andthe initial ratedatawasfitted totheMichaelis -Menten equation. Thesteady state kinetic parameters forthese substrates wereinagreement withtherateconstants obtained fromagelelectrophoresis-based fixed time | In this paper, based on the access of 2G, 3G(GSM, CDMA2000,TD-SCDMA, WCDMA, WIFI, etc.), it proposes a method of real-time transmission of large-capacity video information obtained by the high-definition e-police, which can adjust the video frame rate dynamically according to the stability and width of mobile internet, and finally the video data could be transmitted rapidly which meets the demand for viewing real-time information maximally. | eng_Latn | 9,122 |
Diagnostic workup of liver lesions: Too long time with too many examinations | AbstractObjective. Liver mass lesions are often detected incidentally. Subsequent imaging examinations and surveillance are not only expensive, but may also cause unnecessary concern to patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the possible delay in acquiring the diagnosis of liver mass lesions, and to estimate the number of imaging examinations performed during the diagnostic workup. Patients and methods. The study comprised 200 patients with liver mass lesion of unknown etiology. The time needed from referral to final diagnosis was assessed. All imaging examinations and biopsy findings (if available) during the diagnostic workup were recorded. Results. Out of the 200 lesions, 133 were malignant, 65 with hepatocellular cancer and 26 with cholangiocarcinoma. All except one were diagnosed within 8 weeks. Of the 67 benign lesions, there were 20 focal nodular hyperplasias and 20 hemangiomas. For the benign lesions, in 37% the diagnostic workup took >8 weeks. Repeated examinations were m... | This paper reports on the development of optically based techniques to detect and identify chemical agents. Detection ::: sensitivity and molecule discrimination are studied. In parallel, efforts are made to develop rugged and compact ::: experimental designs that can be used for field measurements. Laser Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a ::: surface analyzing optical technique investigated to measure sarin like molecules deposited on samples coming from the ::: Parisian subway. On the other hand, Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLS) - Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy ::: (CRDS) or Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) - is used to measure traces of the industrial toxic ::: hydrogen fluoride gas down to the ppb level. Measurements in laboratory are reported and primary results obtained in a ::: field experiment are described. | eng_Latn | 9,123 |
Low-Cost Impedance Measurements for Lab-on-a-Chip Architectures: Towards Potentiostat Miniaturization | The development of miniaturized potentiostats capable of measuring in a wide range of conditions and with full characteristics (e.g., wide bandwidth and capacitive/inductive contribution to sensor’s impedance) is still an unresolved challenge in bioelectronics. We present a simple analogue design coupled to a digital filter based on a lock-in amplifier as an alternative to complex architectures reported hitherto. A low-cost, miniaturized and fully integrated acquisition electronic system was developed, tested for a fully integrated three-lead electrochemical biosensor and benchmarked against a commercial potentiostat. The portable potentiostat was coupled to an array of miniaturized gold working electrodes to perform complex impedance analyses for tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) cytokine detection. This wearable potentiostat is very promising for the development of low-cost point-of-care (POC) with low power consumption. | The present invention is directed to phosphatidylinositol or lysophosphatidylinositol concentration indicators relates to efficacy evaluation method of a medicament having a therapeutic or prophylactic effect for a disease EL activity is associated. Further, the present invention relates to a kit for use in screening methods and method of the EL active inhibitors using phosphatidylinositol. | eng_Latn | 9,124 |
Differential staining of bacteria: capsule stain. | Bacterial capsules are composed of high-molecular-weight polysaccharides and/or polypeptides, and are associated with virulence and biofilm formation. Unfortunately, capsules do not stain well with crystal violet, methylene blue, or other simple stains. This unit describes two methods of capsule staining. The first is a wet-mount method using india ink; the capsule is visualized as a refractile zone surrounding a cell. The second is a direct-staining dry-mount method that precipitates copper sulfate and leaves the capsule as a pale blue zone. Both methods are easily performed within approximately 5 min. | Abstract A set of accurate steady-state solutions for a diffused junction diode is presented. The internal consequences of biasing of the diode are demonstrated by the spatial distributions of the mobile charge carriers, the electrostatic potential and the space charge. The terminal characteristics presented include the V - I characteristic and the low frequency capacitance. | eng_Latn | 9,125 |
Group awareness of social and cognitive behavior in a CSCL environment | This study investigated whether a peer feedback tool and a reflection tool would enhance group performance in a computer-supported collaborative learning environment. The underlying assumption was that group performance can be positively influenced by making group members aware of how their social and cognitive behavior is perceived by themselves, their peers, and the group as a whole. Participants were 120 fourth-year high school students working, with or without the tools, in dyads, triads and groups of 4 on a collaborative writing task. Results show that groups using tools perceived their team as being better developed, experienced higher levels of group satisfaction and lower levels of conflicts, than groups not using the tools. Results demonstrate that awareness, stimulated by peer assessment and reflection tools, enhances the social performance of a CSCL-group. | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,126 |
Double-sided adhesive tape and liquid crystal display device having reflection and light shielding functions | PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a double-sided self-adhesive tape made thin to have SOLUTION: The double-sided self-adhesive tape 2 formed so as to contain a transparent plastic base material having ≥1 μm and COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT | This paper reports on the development of optically based techniques to detect and identify chemical agents. Detection ::: sensitivity and molecule discrimination are studied. In parallel, efforts are made to develop rugged and compact ::: experimental designs that can be used for field measurements. Laser Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a ::: surface analyzing optical technique investigated to measure sarin like molecules deposited on samples coming from the ::: Parisian subway. On the other hand, Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLS) - Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy ::: (CRDS) or Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) - is used to measure traces of the industrial toxic ::: hydrogen fluoride gas down to the ppb level. Measurements in laboratory are reported and primary results obtained in a ::: field experiment are described. | eng_Latn | 9,127 |
Feasibility study of enzyme immobilization on polymeric membrane: A case study with enzymatically galacto-oligosaccharides production from lactose | Abstracts Present work primarily deals with an exhaustive investigation on the effect of β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) immobilization on polymeric polyether sulfone, cellulose triacetate and thin film composite polyamide membrane to produce galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose. Fouling is one of the key issues that control any membrane separation process to obtain the desired product. Especially, this issue with membrane becomes multiplied after making any attachment of immobilization chemicals on its surface, i.e. in case of enzymatic membrane reactor. Present work thus aims to identify the insights of carbohydrate interactions with the membrane surface after immobilization and how far it controls the production of galacto-oligosaccharides in this membrane reactor. | Non-erasable micro grating structures were successfully encoded in amorphous SiO2 thin films on silicon wafers by colliding a pair of focused pulses split from a single femtosecond pulse from a 10 Hz mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser with a regenerative amplifier (wavelength; λ=800 nm, pulse duration; 100 fs, pulse energy; ~ 3 mJ/pulse). The encoded periodic spacing varied with the angle, θ, between the two crossed pulses according to d=λ/(2sin (θ/2)). A minimum periodic spacing of ~ 430 nm was achieved for a laser wavelength of 800 nm. Volume compaction resulting from structural alterations of the silica network in amorphous SiO2 induced by intense femtosecond laser irradiations was responsible for the formation of these grating structures. Further, an array of dot structures was fabricated in amorphous SiO2 thin films by a encoding two perpendicular gratings. | eng_Latn | 9,128 |
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma mimicking ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. | We report an unusual case of recurrent non-hepatic hyperammonaemic encephalopathy in an adult patient. She had a previous history of treated fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC). This posed a diagnostic challenge, as she had normal liver function tests and normal looking liver on imaging but with extra hepatic metastases. This case highlights the importance of measuring plasma ammonia levels in all patients presenting with unexplained acute confusion. Clinical awareness of non-hepatic hyperammonaemic encephalopathy can contribute to early diagnosis and timely initiation of life-saving treatment. Delay in treatment results in irreversible brain damage, deep coma and death. Treatment of hyperammonaemia must begin prior to confirmation of aetiology, for a favourable outcome. This case also highlights the need for further research to understand the exact mechanism of hyperammonaemia in hepatocellular carcinoma. | Organic contamination adsorbed on 200 mm silicon wafers was characterized using various analytical techniques. Surface hydrophobicity, apparent optical thickness and electrical surface charge are used to characterize the silicon surface state. They only give information on total organic contamination. MIR-FTIR is very sensitive for detecting CH2 and CH3 contained in organics on silicon wafers. TOF-SIMS is quite sensitive and enables some of the organics to be recognized by identifying the molecule fragments. TDGC-MS is the most relevant technique to identify organic contamination on silicon wafers as extensive identification libraries exist. | eng_Latn | 9,129 |
SERS Active Nanobiosensor Functionalized by Self-Assembled 3D Nickel Nanonetworks for Glutathione Detection | We introduce a “non-noble metal” based SERS active nanobiosensor using a self-assembled 3D hybrid nickel nanonetwork. A tunable biomolecule detector fabricated by a bottom-up approach was functionalized using a multiphoton ionization energy mechanism to create a self-assembled 3D hybrid nickel nanonetwork. The nanonetwork was tested for SERS detection of crystal violet (CV) and glutathione (GSH) at two excitation wavelengths, 532 and 785 nm. The results reveal indiscernible peaks with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 picomolar (pM) concentration. An enhancement factor (EF) of 9.3 × 108 was achieved for the chemical molecule CV and 1.8 × 109 for the biomolecule GSH, which are the highest reported values so far. The two results, one being the CV molecule proved that nickel nanonetwork is indeed SERS active and the second being the GSH biomolecule detection at both 532 and 785 nm, confirm that the nanonetwork is a biosensor which has potential for both in vivo and in vitro sensing. In addition, the selectivit... | We discuss the use of a noninvasive in vivo optical technique, diffuse reflectance spectroscopic imaging with oblique incidence, to distinguish between benign and cancer-prone skin lesions. Various image features were examined to classify the images from lesions into benign and cancerous categories. Two groups of lesions were processed separately: Group 1 includes keratoses, warts versus carcinomas; and group 2 includes common nevi versus dysplastic nevi. A region search algorithm was developed to extract both one- and two-dimensional spectral information. A bootstrap-based Bayes classifier was used for classification. A computer-assisted tool was then devised to act as an electronic second opinion to the dermatologist. Our approach generated only one false-positive misclassification out of 23 cases collected for group 1 and two misclassifications out of 34 cases collected for group 2 under the worst estimation condition. | eng_Latn | 9,130 |
Conditions that influence bacterial luminescence in the presence of blood serum | Conditions that influence the luminescence of natural and recombinant luminescent bacteria in the presence of blood serum were studied. In general, blood serum quenched the luminescence of the marine Photobacterium phosphoreum and the recombinant Escherichia coli strains harboring the luminescent system genes of Photobacterium leiognathi, but enhanced the luminescence of the soil bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens Zm1 and the recombinant E. coli strain harboring the lux operon of P. luminescens Zm1. The quenching effect of blood serum increased with its concentration and the time and temperature of incubation. The components of blood serum that determine the degree and specificity of its action on bacterial luminescence were identified. | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,131 |
The Effectiveness of Diet Intervention on Lowering Serum Cholesterol | At present the prevalence of coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia are increasing in China.The very important problem is how to reduce the serum lipid levels and prevent coronary heart disease. Diet intervention has been taken as the first line treatment for hyperlipidemia.But the effectiveness of diet intervention on reducing serum lipid levels has been controversial.The paper reviews the effectiveness of diet intervention based on a systematic review from"Clinical Evidence". | This paper reports on the development of optically based techniques to detect and identify chemical agents. Detection ::: sensitivity and molecule discrimination are studied. In parallel, efforts are made to develop rugged and compact ::: experimental designs that can be used for field measurements. Laser Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a ::: surface analyzing optical technique investigated to measure sarin like molecules deposited on samples coming from the ::: Parisian subway. On the other hand, Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLS) - Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy ::: (CRDS) or Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) - is used to measure traces of the industrial toxic ::: hydrogen fluoride gas down to the ppb level. Measurements in laboratory are reported and primary results obtained in a ::: field experiment are described. | eng_Latn | 9,132 |
Tissue harmonic imaging with CMUTs | In this work, we report on the characterization of a CMUT probe (Capactive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer) for Tissue Harmonic Imaging (THI). The intrinsic nonlinear behavior of the CMUT probe was first investigated. Matched electrical waveforms were transmitted to limit the impact of the transmit response distortion. With the implemented method, we demonstrated higher performances through in-vitro harmonic imaging. | Abstract Chemisorption of atomic H, C, N and O is studied by both EHT and IEHT methods using a cluster model. Preliminary calculations for the diatomic species HgHg and HgH enables the parameters involved in the calculations to be found. The minima positions over the surface model follows the order of the atomic sizes, and the charges on the adsorbates, at the minima, agree with the order of electronegativities. | eng_Latn | 9,133 |
Strategies to enhance the removal of the persistent pharmaceutically active compound carbamazepine by membrane bioreactors | Carbamazepine, which is an anti-epileptic drug, is ubiquitously present in municipal wastewater. Owing to its recalcitrant chemical structure, carbamazepine is not significantly removed during conventional biological treatment or even by membrane bioreactor (MBR). With the ultimate aim of providing insights into the strategies to enhance carbamazepine removal, the effect of key operational parameters, namely, loading rate (2–750 μg/L• d), pH (5–9), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration (1–15 g/L) and dissolved oxygen (DO) (<0.5–5 mg/L) on the removal of carabamazepine by MBR was systematically studied. Results obtained in this study revealed negligible influence of pH and of MLSS concentration (beyond 5 g/L) on the removal of carbamazepine. The removal rate, however, was significantly enhanced under a DO concentration of less than 0.5 mg/L, suggesting that an alternating anoxic-oxic environment in MBR would achieve high removal. Significantly enhanced (287 mg/g vs. 0.02 mg/g) adsorption of ca... | Nowadays, high-throughput analysis of biological events is a great challenge which could take benefit of the recent development of microarray devices. The great potential of such technology is related to the availability of a chip bearing a large set of probes, stable and easy to obtain, and suitable for ligand-binding detection. Here, we describe a new method based on polypyrrole chemistry, allowing the covalent immobilization of peptides in a microarray format and on a gold surface compatible with the use of surface plasmon resonance. This technique is then illustrated by the detection and characterization of antibodies induced by hepatitis C virus and present in patients' serums. | eng_Latn | 9,134 |
Central serous chorioretinopathy in patients who cannot discontinue steroids | Dear Sir, ::: ::: We read with interest the report by Geyshis et al.1 The authors have elegantly highlighted the occasionally competing therapeutic priorities of physicians of different specialties. Nonetheless, we consider it important to add that a therapeutic dilemma as the one described by the authors can sometimes be circumvented. ::: ::: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is most often associated with increased cortisol levels, so that the most important therapeutic step taken by ophthalmologists is the discontinuation of topical or systemic steroids the patient might be using. The pathophysiology of … | Abstract Imaging the Photoluminescence (PL) intensities related to recombination via the two metastable states of chromium in boron doped silicon is a highly sensitive means for measuring the spatially resolved interstitial chromium concentration ( [Cri] ) in silicon. In this work we show that the straightforward combination of this method with a micro PL Spectroscopy (μPLS) setup allows for the detection of [Cri] with micrometre resolution. Measurements performed on a chromium contaminated multicrystalline (mc) silicon wafer show impurity inhomogeneity on the micron scale, yielding a proof of principle and revealing new insight into chromium concentration variations around defects. | eng_Latn | 9,135 |
Closed-loop control of a long-range micropositioner using integrated photodiode sensors | a b s t r a c t Closed-loop control of an electrostatically actuated micropositioner using integrated feedback sensors is reported. A photodiode-based position sensing mechanism has been incorporated into a variablecapacitance micromotor supported on microball bearings with a range of 4mm and a resolution of 120!m.Accurateandreliablepositioninghasbeendemonstratedusingaproportionalcontrollawandthe | An amperometric biosensor has been developed for the quantitative estimation of phenols in aqueous solution. The enzyme, tyrosinase, also called as poly phenol oxidase (PPO), was covalently immobilized on a novel copolymer poly (N-3-aminopropyl pyrrole-co-pyrrole) (PAPCP) film, electrochemically prepared onto an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass plate. The covalent linkage of enzyme and porous morphology of the polymer film lead to high enzyme loading and an increased lifetime stability of the enzyme electrode. Amperometric response was measured as a function of concentration of phenol, at fixed bias voltage of -0.2 V versus Ag/AgCl in a phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). The electrode gives a wide linear response range of 1.35 -222.3, 1.6-118.8, 1.9-257.8 μM, for phenol, catechol and p-cresol, respectively. The response time is < 10 s reaching to a 95% steady state current value, and 80% of the enzyme activity is retained for 4 months. | eng_Latn | 9,136 |
Fluorescence of substituted aromatic derivatives crystalline materials for optical nonlinear applications | Our fluorescence study gave information on the presence of chemical defects and irregularities in crystal structure, offering a good tool for quality evaluation of organic crystalline materials. We have analyzed the correlation between the bulk or thin film samples' quality determined by experimental parameters (thermal gradient, moving speed of the growth interface, crucible configuration, slow or fast solidification rates) and the fluorescence characteristics for pure meta-dinitrobenzene and meta-dinitrobenzene doped with 8 hydroxyquinoline or 1.3 dihydroxybenzene. The comparative study of the position and shape of the fluorescence emissions for pure and controlled doped materials gave us information on the chemical defects.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. | The aim of this study was to determine the basic rheological parameters of dispersed highly concentrated lignite aqueous suspensions. Typical dilatant behavior was observed, where critical parameters of dilatancy were determined for different size fractions and concentrations. To modify the non-Newtonian behavior of the lignite highly concentrated suspensions, the effect of surfactant addition on the flow parameters of the suspensions was determined. | eng_Latn | 9,137 |
Effect of Depolarizing Agents on the Incorporation of Amino Acids into Soluble Cytoplasmic and Membrane-Bound Proteins of Synaptosome Fractions | : The incorporation of [U-14C] protein hydrolysate and [U-14C]leucine into the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble membrane and the soluble synaptoplasm proteins of synaptosomes was studied. Following treatment with the depolarizing agents veratrine, Tityus toxin, or potassium, the specific radioactivity of both precursor pool and proteins was measured to examine the link between protein labeling and the fall in the free amino acid pool due to depolarization-induced release of glutamate and aspartate. By reducing the size of the fall in precursor pool due to depolarization by using a nontransmitter amino acid such as leucine (as compared with the usual use of protein hydrolysate), it was shown that the amount by which the pool is reduced is proportional to the change in the protein labeling observed. These results confirm that membrane depolarization causes a large increase in the labeling of membrane-bound proteins as compared with the soluble synaptosomal proteins. | PFMB can be used to prepare aromatic polyimides that display solubility in ketone, ether, and polar aprotic solvents. This unusual solubility can be utilized in the facile preparation of thin films that display anisotropy in their structures and properties. The anisotropy in the optical properties of the films makes them promising candidates for use as compensation layers in liquid-crystal displays. Their low dielectric constants and CTEs in combination with their outstanding thermal and thermooxidative stabilities make them candidates for dielectric layers in microelectronics applications. | eng_Latn | 9,138 |
Determination of Picogram Levels of Levodopa in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Biofluids by Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence | An ultrasensitive method for determination of L-dopa at picogram levels by flow-injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) as presented for the first time, based on the quenching effect of levodopa (L-dopa) on the luminol-lysozyme reaction. It was found that the decrement of CL intensity was linearly proportional to the logarithm of L-dopa concentration ranging from 3.0 to 7.0 × 103 pg mL-1 (R = 0.9967), with the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 pg mL-1 (3σ). The proposed procedure was successfully applied to the determination of L-dopa in pharmaceutical preparations, human saliva, serum, and urine samples with the recoveries ranging from 96.7% to 104.3% and RSDs less than 4.0% (n = 5). | Plenoptic cameras generally employ a microlens array positioned between the main lens and the image sensor to capture the three-dimensional target radiation in the visible range. Because the focal length of common refractive or diffractive microlenses is fixed, the depth of field (DOF) is limited so as to restrict their imaging capability. In this paper, we propose a new plenoptic camera using a liquid crystal microlens array (LCMLA) with electrically tunable focal length. The developed LCMLA is fabricated by traditional photolithography and standard microelectronic techniques, and then, its focusing performance is experimentally presented. The fabricated LCMLA is directly integrated with an image sensor to construct a prototyped LCMLA-based plenoptic camera for acquiring raw radiation of targets. Our experiments demonstrate that the focused region of the LCMLA-based plenoptic camera can be shifted efficiently through electrically tuning the LCMLA used, which is equivalent to the extension of the DOF. | eng_Latn | 9,139 |
Research on Precision Cold Reflector with High Temperature Stability | The precision cold reflector with high temperature stability is a common component in projector optical system.This reflector can stand high temperature,reflect visible light,transmit infrared light.We use low expansion coefficient substrate,PVD coating process with IAD,to obtain the cold reflector.The reflector has visible spectrum average reflectance higher than 95%,infrared spectrum transmittance above 85%.The film stability of reflector endured 450℃ without any damage. | In most structural biology NMR laboratories, instrument time is a limiting factor in the number of structural projects a laboratory is able to support. In the post-genomic era we can expect the number of structural targets to markedly increase. Here we address to what degree recently introduced cryoprobes, which are 3-4 times as sensitive as conventional probes, can alleviate this problem. To evaluate this approach, a set of triple-resonance experiments for protein assignments were acquired with a cryoprobe. We show that, with the cryoprobe, high quality triple-resonance data can be obtained within as 4 hours/experiment. These results show that a full set of data for protein assignments can now be practically collected in 1-2 days. | eng_Latn | 9,140 |
A polymer gate FET sensor array for detecting organic vapours | Abstract Here we describe a novel ChemFET sensor array that utilises carbon black composite polymers for the detection of organic vapours. Three vapour-sensitive composite polymers have been used as the gate materials of FET devices. A shift in the threshold voltage to toluene is observed with a linear dependence to concentration (Henry’s law) and a voltage sensitivity of up to 2.8 μV/ppm. The effects of humidity and temperature have also been examined and the magnitude of the response shows little dependence to humidity but an exponential fall with increasing temperature. We believe that this reduction in response is primarily due to a modification in the bulk solubility of the polymer. The shift in device threshold voltage may be caused by a change in the work function of the polymer composite, a swelling effect or a charge transfer effect. A generalised linear model is proposed here for the response of a ChemFET to an organic vapour at different humdities. | To control active filter characteristics a new type of integrated circuit (IC) of Xicor Inc. is used. This is an analogue potentiometer with digital control and non volatile memory. Usage of this IC is convenient when the storage of the last results is required. The control parameters are estimated for applications on elliptical low-pass and high-pass voltage-controlled voltage source filters. Practically obtained diagrams are given. | eng_Latn | 9,141 |
Amperometric phenol biosensor based on covalent immobilization of tyrosinase onto an electrochemically prepared novel copolymer poly (N-3-aminopropyl pyrrole-co-pyrrole) film | An amperometric biosensor has been developed for the quantitative estimation of phenols in aqueous solution. The enzyme, tyrosinase, also called as poly phenol oxidase (PPO), was covalently immobilized on a novel copolymer poly (N-3-aminopropyl pyrrole-co-pyrrole) (PAPCP) film, electrochemically prepared onto an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass plate. The covalent linkage of enzyme and porous morphology of the polymer film lead to high enzyme loading and an increased lifetime stability of the enzyme electrode. Amperometric response was measured as a function of concentration of phenol, at fixed bias voltage of -0.2 V versus Ag/AgCl in a phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). The electrode gives a wide linear response range of 1.35 -222.3, 1.6-118.8, 1.9-257.8 μM, for phenol, catechol and p-cresol, respectively. The response time is < 10 s reaching to a 95% steady state current value, and 80% of the enzyme activity is retained for 4 months. | This paper describes the use of a thermochromic material (2,4,5-triphenylimidazole or also called Lophine) for the fabrication of temperature optical fiber sensors. First, an experimental study of this material at different temperatures is presented and subsequently its behavior in two different schemes (variations of the reflected optical power and of the transmitted optical power) is analyzed. The characterization of both low cost sensors is discussed comparing the experimental results and analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. Besides, all the measurements taken were immune to humidity obtaining ideal sensors for monitoring the temperature of the water in several applications. | eng_Latn | 9,142 |
Aspiration and MASS Measurement of Microparticles and Unicellular Organisms via Micropipette Resonators | This paper reports the first mass measurement of specific microparticles and unicellular organisms on slides or dishes by using micropipette resonators with an open end. Micropipette resonators are fabricated by a customized pipette puller with a galvano mirror that widens the effective heating region thus makes pulled pipettes with a relatively long uniform cross-section. Pulled pipettes cut at a desired position to have an open end are then integrated with a piezo actuator and an optical pickup unit (OPU), originally used in optical data storage drives, for real-time frequency readout. The open-end micropipette resonators are thoroughly characterized with various liquids and particles. Silica microparticles and unicellular organisms, Paramecium Aurelia, sitting on a slide glass are successfully measured. This is the first demonstration of measurement-on-demand with fluidic channel integrated resonators. | Author(s): riahi samani, saleh | Advisor(s): Tobias, Douglas J | Abstract: Atomic level understanding of the interactions between the prevalent organic compounds and indoor surfaces is essential to study the potential impacts of these compounds on public health. Computer simulation methods provide an accurate means to explore physiochemiccal processes with atomistic detail. In this study molecular simulation methods are applied to elucidate the type and strength of interactions occurring between the indoor surfaces and organic compounds. Moreover, the energetics and structural information provided by the molecular simulations exhibited in this work are used to justify the experimental observations. Furthermore, hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulation protocol is used to explore the proton transport in the Hv1 protein. Specifically, the role of polar side chains located at the pore region of Hv1 channel in the proton translocation is explored. | eng_Latn | 9,143 |
[MR imaging of intraocular lesions--a comparison with CT]. | Thirty-two intraocular lesions were studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). These lesions included retinoblastoma (n = 11), uveal melanoma (n = 6), metastatic choroidal tumor (n = 3), choroidal hemangioma (n = 2), retinochoroiditis (n = 6) and Coats' disease (n = 4). MR imaging was superior to CT in the depiction of intraocular masses and retinal detachment. Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging was more useful than contrast enhanced CT in evaluating the contrast enhancement of intraocular tumors. Differential diagnosis of intraocular tumors was difficult with both MR imaging and CT. Intratumoral calcification was noticed on CT in nine cases of retinoblastoma. It was concluded that MR imaging, including contrast enhancement study, is more useful than CT in the evaluation of intraocular lesions, except for calcification, and contrast enhanced CT may be unnecessary in the diagnosis of intraocular lesions. | This paper reports on the development of optically based techniques to detect and identify chemical agents. Detection ::: sensitivity and molecule discrimination are studied. In parallel, efforts are made to develop rugged and compact ::: experimental designs that can be used for field measurements. Laser Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a ::: surface analyzing optical technique investigated to measure sarin like molecules deposited on samples coming from the ::: Parisian subway. On the other hand, Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLS) - Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy ::: (CRDS) or Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) - is used to measure traces of the industrial toxic ::: hydrogen fluoride gas down to the ppb level. Measurements in laboratory are reported and primary results obtained in a ::: field experiment are described. | eng_Latn | 9,144 |
Determination of Fucose Concentration in a Lectin-Based Displacement Microfluidic Assay | We compare three different methods to quantify the monosaccharide fucose in solutions using the displacement of a large glycoprotein, lactoferrin. Two microfluidic analysis methods, namely fluorescence detection of (labeled) lactoferrin as it is displaced by unlabeled fucose and the displacement of (unlabeled) lactoferrin in SPR, provide fast responses and continuous data during the experiment, theoretically providing significant information regarding the interaction kinetics between the saccharide groups and binding sites. For comparison, we also performed a static displacement ELISA. The stationary binding site in all cases was immobilized S2-AAL, a monovalent polypeptide based on Aleuria aurantia lectin. Although all three assays showed a similar dynamic range, the microfluidic assays with fluorescent or SPR detection show an advantage in short analysis times. Furthermore, the microfluidic displacement assays provide a possibility to develop a one-step analytical platform. | AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of Lupeol.Methods: Utilizing a thin-film dispersion method, we prepared Lupeol-loaded PEGylated lipo... | eng_Latn | 9,145 |
Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on Gel Composites Based on Hydroxyethyl Cellulose and Tetramethoxy-silicane Precursor | Hydroxyethyl cellulose/silicon dioxide gel composites(HEC/SiO 2) prepared by a sol gel method through the hydrolysis and polycondensation of tetramethoxy silicane in a hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution. The gel composites are used as carriers for immobilization of glucose oxidase(GOD). The effects of enzyme content given, phosphate buffer pH, and immobilizing temperature on the activity of immobilized GOD are discussed. The optimum conditions obtained as follows:enzyme content given 21 mg, phosphate buffer pH=6 5, immobilizing temperature 32 ℃. Under the optimum conditions, the bioactivity of the immobilized GOD was as high as 1 000 μmol/(min·g) (dried carrier), about 50 percentage of that of free GOD. The basic proporties of the immobilized GOD are also studied. The results showed that the optimum pH of resultant immobilized GOD and temperature for immobilization were 5 2 and 32 ℃, respectively. The Michaelis constant( K m) is 7 94 mmol/L . | We have investigated the impact of organic contaminants from the environment on the electrical characteristics of gate oxides by evaluation of electrical characteristics of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitors and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following thermodesorption (TD-GC/MS) analysis of organic species adsorbed on silicon surfaces. It was found that organic contaminants from the environment adsorbed on silicon surfaces deteriorate gate oxide reliability; the increase in both breakdown and infant failure of gate oxides is enhanced by organic contaminants from the environment and depends on gate oxide thickness and the kind of silicon substrate. These results are useful for clarifying the deterioration mechanism of gate oxides caused by organic contaminants on silicon surfaces. | eng_Latn | 9,146 |
Clinical Singniticance of Defecting of Content of Serum Ferritin in the Chronic Hepatitis B | Objective To learn its clinical significance through detection of serum ferritin of chronic hepatitis B.Methods The serum ferritin was detected by luminescent immunoassay in 106 cases CHB and compared with 58 cases of normal person.Results There was significant difference between the CHB and the normal man in content serum ferritin.Conclusion The detection of serum ferritin of the CHB might be hepatic overload for ferri. | Organic contamination adsorbed on 200 mm silicon wafers was characterized using various analytical techniques. Surface hydrophobicity, apparent optical thickness and electrical surface charge are used to characterize the silicon surface state. They only give information on total organic contamination. MIR-FTIR is very sensitive for detecting CH2 and CH3 contained in organics on silicon wafers. TOF-SIMS is quite sensitive and enables some of the organics to be recognized by identifying the molecule fragments. TDGC-MS is the most relevant technique to identify organic contamination on silicon wafers as extensive identification libraries exist. | eng_Latn | 9,147 |
Intact carboxysomes in a cyanobacterial cell visualized by hilbert differential contrast transmission electron microscopy. | Carboxysomes in rapidly frozen ice-embedded whole cells of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 were visualized by the recently developed Hilbert differential contrast transmission electron microscope. Structural details of carboxysomes were especially clearly visualized in the ruptured cells. The novel electron microscopy exhibited the paracrystalline arrays of molecules of the enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in the carboxysomes in much better contrast than conventional transmission electron microscopy with ultrathin sections of cells. The carboxysome was surrounded by a 5- to 6-nm-thick monolayer shell which consisted of orderly arrays of globular particles. | Recently Geis fabricated a composite cold cathode emitter made of diamond doped by substitutional nitrogen on a roughened metallic substrate, which is characterized by high field emission currents at very low power. Using an internal field emission mechanism through the Schottky barrier at the metal diamond interfaces to populate the conduction band of diamond, we have developed a quantitative theory to describe the operation of such a device. The calculated I-V characteristics are in good agreement with the experimental results of Geis, et al. | eng_Latn | 9,148 |
Electrochemical synthesis of transparent nanocrystalline Cu2O films using a reverse potential waveform | Abstract A transparent nanocrystalline Cu 2 O thin film has been synthesized by electrodeposition using a reverse potential waveform with a cathodic peak potential of − 1200 mV, an anodic dissolution peak potential of + 800 mV and a cycle time of 80 s. For each cycle, Cu 2 O particles are firstly deposited on the substrate, followed by the deposition of Cu particles. When the current changes from cathodic to anodic, the deposited Cu particles will be dissolved. With repeated cyclic deposition and dissolution, a Cu 2 O thin film with nanocrystallized structure is obtained, and it exhibits a blueshift of optical bandgap to 2.87 eV. | Obtain the photonic crystal in the present invention according to obtain the photonic crystal comprises a uniform spherical porosity and a plurality of pores are formed around a spherical body filled with the medium to form a diffraction grating of the sphere, the pores are fixed bio-sensitive material to the inner surface; In the photonic crystal obtain uniformly spherical agglomeration addition of medium and plurality of the medium is formed around a portion of the spherical body filled with a pore to form a diffraction grating of a sphere, sphere optical crystal which is fixed to the medium is living body-sensitive material surface portion; Methods for their preparation; And provides a biochip or biosensor containing the photonic crystal sphere. A bio-chip, a biosensor, label-free, light-diffracting, the photonic crystal, the photonic crystal sphere | eng_Latn | 9,149 |
PURIFICATION OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE SLURRY | The factors of influencing the purification effect of calcium hydroxide slurry are analyzed and the measures of improving the purification of it are given. | Chemosensory devices with self organized structures and artificial receptors are developed for a wide field of applications. Supramolecular hosts, highly ordered liquid crystal phases and even Langmuir Blodgett films are promising recognition elements. Cage compounds such as tert- butyl-calix[n]arene show high preorganization due to their rigid walls and form highly symmetrical cavities suitable for host guest inclusion of analytes. Disturbance of the highly ordered cholesteric and nematic phases influences the optical and dielectric properties of these materials.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. | yue_Hant | 9,150 |
Scavenging of Free Radicals, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activities of the Maillard Reaction Products of β-Lactoglobulin Glycated with Several Sugars | The Maillard reaction occurs during many industrial and domestic thermal treatments of foods. It is widely used because of its role in creating colors, flavors, textures, and other functional properties in foodstuffs. Proteins glycated without the use of conventional chemical reagents have improved technofunctional properties such as heat stability, emulsifying, and foaming properties. The present study was carried out to determine the extent to which this reaction can convey antioxidant, antimicrobial, or cytotoxic activities to β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and to its tryptic and peptic hydrolysates. BLG was modified with six different sugars in solution at 60 °C. Antiradical properties were estimated using a radical scavenging activity test. Antimicrobial activities against different bacterial strains were studied with a diffusion disk method. Cytotoxic tests were performed using two cell lines and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) rapid colorimetric assay. Glycation induc... | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,151 |
Tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and enzymatic activity analysis of human SIRT5 isoforms | SIRT5 is one of the seven mammalian sirtuins which are NAD+-dependent deacylases. In human beings, SIRT5 gene encodes for four SIRT5 protein isoforms, namely SIRT5iso1, SIRT5iso2, SIRT5iso3, and SIRT5iso4. Previous studies have focused mostly on SIRT5iso1. Characteristics regarding localization, activity and tissue distribution of the other three SIRT5 isoforms remain unclear. In the present study, we characterized these properties of these SIRT5 isoforms. We found that SIRT5iso1-3 were mitochondria-localized, while SIRT5iso4 localized mainly in cytoplasm. SIRT5iso2-4 had little deacylase activity comparing with SIRT5iso1. Although cDNAs of all SIRT5 isoforms were readily detected in multiply tissues according to EST database, proteins of SIRT5iso2-4 were seldom observed in human cell lines. Altogether, we dissected the four isoforms of human SIRT5 protein. | This paper reports on the development of optically based techniques to detect and identify chemical agents. Detection ::: sensitivity and molecule discrimination are studied. In parallel, efforts are made to develop rugged and compact ::: experimental designs that can be used for field measurements. Laser Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a ::: surface analyzing optical technique investigated to measure sarin like molecules deposited on samples coming from the ::: Parisian subway. On the other hand, Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLS) - Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy ::: (CRDS) or Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) - is used to measure traces of the industrial toxic ::: hydrogen fluoride gas down to the ppb level. Measurements in laboratory are reported and primary results obtained in a ::: field experiment are described. | eng_Latn | 9,152 |
Phototransformation of sterically hindered phenol in organic solvents | 1. ::: ::: The kinetics of the phototransformation of sterically hindered phenol inorganic solvents was investigated. The singlet state is the photochemically active state. The phenol is consumed according to a first-order law. The quantum yields of the phototransformation for the investigated phenol in various solvents amount to ∼ 10−2−10−3. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 2. ::: ::: It was found that the phototransformation of phenol is accelerated in alcohols, and this was explained by chemical reaction of the singlet excited molecules of the phenol with oxygen. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 3. ::: ::: In a frozen (77°K) solution the phototransformation of sterically hindered phenol occurs by a two-quantum mechanism. | Abstract Micro/nanostructures are fabricated on the stainless steel surfaces by a nanosecond laser in different gaseous environments, including air, O 2 , N 2 and Ar. Our results indicate that the dimensional feature of the micro/nanostructures is greatly affected by laser scanning speed as well as gaseous environment. The chemical composition of the structures can be flexibly adjusted by laser processing parameters. Oxygen-rich environment is found to boost the growth of the nanostructures. The coloring by the laser processing can be achieved on the laser treated stainless steel surfaces. The multicolor effect on the surfaces is found to be attributed to both feature dimension and chemical composition of the structures. The coloring of the metal surfaces has promising applications in surface marking and code identifying. | eng_Latn | 9,153 |
Size dependence of the photophoretic force | The photophoretic force on a micron‐sized sphere of glycerol is measured for a continuously changing size parameter (through evaporation) for excitation at 10.63 and 9.58 μ. Although the force at 9.58 μ is always forward (’’positive’’ photophoresis), the force at 10.63 μ reverses in sign (’’negative’’ photophoresis) and shows a periodic structure in size parameter (2πR/λ) with a periodicity of 0.77±0.03. It is shown that the point of reversal may be used in obtaining the imaginary component of the refractive index. The possibility of solar levitation of atmospheric aerosols is discussed. | The formula for correction for reabsorption in the case of a plane-parallel luminophor excited and observed from one side is presented in a form convenient for computation. This form clearly shows the effect on the reabsorption correction of changing the parameters of the experiment. | eng_Latn | 9,154 |
A Universal Photoionization Dgpector for Liquid Chromatography | Abstract A new liquid chromatography detector has been developed with sensitivity to most organic compounds in the 10 – 100 picogram region, but insensitive to common eluents. Photons from a vacuum UV lamp ionize solutes in the vaporized LC column effluent, without ionizing the mobile phase. Initial studies of its performance and applications indicate considerable promise as a sensitive, universal detector. | We consider the cross area of the PP_ and PSV_wave window as the best window for joint PP_ and PSV_wave acquisition in VTI media. Within the effective window, the PP_ and PSV_wave's raypathes and phase angles at all reflection points are calculated, and the reflection (or transmission) coefficients' ratios of PSV- to PP_wave solved from Zoeppritz equations are defined as the controlling factor G. Then we use G values as the main controlling parameters of joint PP_ and PSV_wave acquisition design in VTI media, determine the best receiving window of detectors by analyzing G values, and derive the method of optimizing the receiving window for acquisition of multi_component converted seismic data in VTI media. | eng_Latn | 9,155 |
Calcium pectinate capsules for colon-specific drug delivery. | The calcium pectinate (CaP) capsule, a novel, colon-specific delivery system, was designed and developed using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a model drug. Technically, CaP capsules were prepared by dipping a glass or stainless steel rod successively into pectin and calcium chloride solutions, followed by subsequent air-drying and coating. In vitro studies showed that the release of 5-FU from CaP capsules markedly increased in the presence of rat cecal contents, and the release characteristic was mainly associated with some capsule parameters such as calcium content, shell thickness, and coat amount. Gamma scintigraphic studies demonstrated that CaP capsules could pass through the stomach and small intestine intact and could release drug in colon. The 5-FU releasing characteristics acquired both from in vitro biomimic dissolution experiments and from healthy volunteers indicated that the newly developed CaP capsule possessed the ideal colon-specific drug delivery characteristic. | Chemosensory devices with self organized structures and artificial receptors are developed for a wide field of applications. Supramolecular hosts, highly ordered liquid crystal phases and even Langmuir Blodgett films are promising recognition elements. Cage compounds such as tert- butyl-calix[n]arene show high preorganization due to their rigid walls and form highly symmetrical cavities suitable for host guest inclusion of analytes. Disturbance of the highly ordered cholesteric and nematic phases influences the optical and dielectric properties of these materials.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. | eng_Latn | 9,156 |
Neuronal versus endothelial origin of vasoactive acetylcholine in pial vessels | Functional pial vessels denuded in situ of the endothelial cell layer exhibit a markedly decreased choline uptake capacity (-53%) but integrally preserved choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and acetylcholine (ACh) release mechanisms. These studies demonstrate that endothelial cells possess a specific choline uptake system. However, the unimpaired ChAT activity in denuded pial vessels implies that the endothelial pool of choline is not significantly metabolized into ACh. In spite of possible differences in the mechanisms that govern release processes in endothelial and neuronal elements, taken together the findings of the present study suggest that the ACh released following depolarization of pial blood vessels originates predominantly from cholinergic perivascular nerve terminals. | For decades, plasmonic nanostructures have been used as important optical sensing platforms, however, the necessity of sensitive optical instruments for detection greatly limits their practical application. Herein, a multi-responsive naked eye plasmonic indicator has been prepared through introduction of a responsive polymer brush (PNIPAm) into the cavity of a Ag nanovolcano array (Ag NVA). According to the phase change of the PNIPAm brush under different external conditions, the as-prepared Ag NVA shows responsive monochromatic colors, which allow the Ag NVA to serve as a plasmonic indicator detected by the naked eye. Importantly, the as-prepared Ag NVA also possesses a rapid response rate as well as excellent repeatability, and is compatible with conventional micro-fabrication methods. All of these excellent features make the as-prepared Ag NVA an attractive candidate for future optical indicating and intelligent color display applications. | eng_Latn | 9,157 |
Spectral properties of chlorophyll a in liquid crystal. | Solution of chlorophyll a in liquid crystals mixture (MBBA + EBBA) was investigated. Chl molecules are in LC in low electric field oriented. They can be divided into two groups: one strongly interacting with LC and subjected to reorientation by the electric field, and another weakly interacting with the solvent and insensitive to the voltage applied. The emission spectrum of the first type of chlorophyll is strongly perturbed. At higher voltages, the pigment molecules orientation in the plane of the electrode is another. Pigment absorption and emission anisotropy provides information about the reorientation of LC molecules. Even at high (10(-3)M) Chl concentration and regular pigment array, the interaction between the pigment and solvent exceeds pigment-pigment interaction because the solvent appears to have a stronger influence on the Chl spectrum. | Abstract A technique suggested by Mola and Heras of analyzing thin film size effect data is used to characterize the structure of thin polycrystalline metal films. A linear least-squares analysis of the product of resistivity and thickness versus thickness allows a consistent determination of the size effect parameter α. Annealing studies (130–460 K) on gold films (120–1150 A) yield temperature-independent values of the reflection coefficient both before and after annealing and allow the annealing to be characterized quantitatively. | eng_Latn | 9,158 |
Hopping charge transport in molecularly doped polymers: Polymer matrix dependence of the hole drift mobility | Effects of the polymer matrix on the drift mobility of holes in polymers doped with 2‐(p‐dipropylaminophenyl)‐4‐(p‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐5‐(o‐chlorophenyl)‐1, 3‐oxazole were studied by means of time‐of‐flight photoconductivity measurements. The drift mobility at zero field, the activation energy for hopping, and the electric field dependence of the mobility strongly depend on the polymer composition. These polymer matrix dependence of the drift mobility are largely related to energetic disorder of hopping sites in binary solid solution. | Nowadays, high-throughput analysis of biological events is a great challenge which could take benefit of the recent development of microarray devices. The great potential of such technology is related to the availability of a chip bearing a large set of probes, stable and easy to obtain, and suitable for ligand-binding detection. Here, we describe a new method based on polypyrrole chemistry, allowing the covalent immobilization of peptides in a microarray format and on a gold surface compatible with the use of surface plasmon resonance. This technique is then illustrated by the detection and characterization of antibodies induced by hepatitis C virus and present in patients' serums. | eng_Latn | 9,159 |
Experimental study of debris-bed coolability under pool-boiling conditions. [PWR; BWR; LMFBR] | An experimental investigation has been conducted into the dryout of a bed of inductively heated particles cooled by an overlying liquid pool. Particles of diameters 4763 ..mu..m, 3175 ..mu..m, 1588 ..mu..m, and 589-787 ..mu..m have been used. Acetone and water have been used as the coolant with bed heights varying from 5 to 40 cm. Results are presented in terms of the dryout heat as a function of bed height. It has been found that the ratio of the overlying liquid pool height to the particulate bed height can influence the dryout heat flux. Comparison with other experimetal studies was good and a comparison with proposed theoretical models was also made. | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,160 |
Gamma-ray spectrometer of high purity germanium detector cooled by the Stirling cycle cryostat in the lunar mission SELENE | The gamma ray spectrometer (GRS) will be onboard the Japanese lunar polar orbiter SELENE, to be launched in 2004, to obtain the information of element abundance on the entire lunar surface. GRS consists of a high-purity Ge detector as a main detector, which is an n-type Ge crystal with a high detection efficiency of 60% encapsulated in an aluminum canister. In addition, BGO and plastic scintillators are employed for an anti-coincidence shield and for suppression of Compton photons and energetic ion backgrounds. GRS will be the first gamma ray spectrometer employing a Ge detector for the lunar mission. GRS adopted a Stirling cycle refrigerator, whose cooling capacity is 2.0 W at 80 K. The mechanical vibration from the cryosystem to the Ge detector is effectively reduced by the dual opposed pistons in the compressor and the flexible thermo-coupling link between the two components. An excellent energy resolution of <3 keV at 1.33 MeV has been achieved in the prototype-model of GRS. | Previous studies on the serological diagnosis of rotavirus infection have utilised locally produced antibodies. In this study we have compared two commercially produced assays, an ELISA (Rotazyme, Abbott) and a newly developed assay--solid phase aggregation of coupled erythrocytes (SPACE) (Wellcome Research Laboratories), with electron microscopy (EM). The SPACE test appeared less sensitive than EM. The ELISA was shown to be as sensitive as EM but more versatile. Our experience suggests that the ELISA could be successfully incorporated into the routine of any diagnostic laboratory. | eng_Latn | 9,161 |
Length sorting cut single wall carbon nanotubes by high performance liquid chromatography | Semi-preparative, HPLC based, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to length sort single wall carbon nanotubes previously cut by an acid based process. In contrast to prior reports of nanotube length separation by gravity fed SEC, mean nanotube lengths in the present study were shorter than the controlled pore glass media pore diameter used (400 nm). The results indicate that prep scale HPLC can provide a viable method for efficient length separation with good resolution. Features observed in the chromatogram are attributed to a dependence of the light scattering efficiency on the lengths of the nanotubes relative to the wavelength of the light used for detection. | Abstract Peptide and protein samples are often complex mixtures that contain a number of individual compounds. The initial HPLC separation of such samples typically results in the poor resolution of one or more band pairs. Various means have been suggested tor varying separation selectivity so as to minimize this problem. In this study of a tryptic digest of recombinant human growth hormone, the simultaneous variation of temperature and gradient steepness was found to be a convenient and effective means of varying selectivity and optimizing the separation. The use of computer simulation greatly facilitated this investigation. | eng_Latn | 9,162 |
Immunity to pathogenic free-living amoebae: role of humoral antibody. | Pathogenic free-living amoebae are common in nature, but few clinical infections by these amoebae have been reported. This has prompted studies of host susceptibility factors in humans. A survey of normal human sera from three New Zealand Health Districts was made; antibodies to pathogenic free-living amoebae were found in all sera, with titers ranging from 1:5 to 1:20 for Naegleria spp. and from 1:20 to 1:80 for Acanthamoeba spp. The antibodies belonged mainly to immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M classes. The presence of a specific neutralizing factor against Acanthamoeba spp. but not Naegleria spp. was demonstrated. Possible protective mechanisms are discussed. | Liver, being the central organ for degradation of compounds differing greatly in chemical and physical properties, must have the appropriate transport systems for vectorial membrane transport. Of outstanding interest are the transport systems for the great many of amphiphilic compounds, metabolites and xenobiotics, which are excreted hepatobiliarily, either unmetabolized or metabolized. In order to evaluate the number, the specificity, and the function of hepatic membrane transport systems for amphiphilic substances representative compounds of characteristic substance classes and their appropriate photolabile derivatives were used for: ::: ::: 1. ::: ::: Kinetic studies (K) ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 2. ::: ::: Photoaffinity labelling (P) ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 3. ::: ::: Differential photoaffinity labelling (D) | eng_Latn | 9,163 |
Non-enzymatic glucose detection based on phenylboronic acid modified optical fibers | Abstract A non-enzymatic, sensitive glucose sensor was fabricated based on an evanescent wave absorbing optical fiber probe. The optical fiber sensor was functionalized by fixing a poly (phenylboronic acid) (polyPBA) film onto the conical region of the single mode fiber. The reflected light intensity of the polyPBA-functionalized fiber sensor increased proportionally with glucose concentration in the range of 0–60 mM, and the sensor showed good reproducibility and stability. The developed sensor possessed a high sensitivity of 0.1787%/mM and good linearity. The measurement of glucose concentration in human serum was also demonstrated. | Although a high-efficiency air filter can be achieved from electrospun nanofabrics, it has been challenging to reduce the pressure drop, increase the filtration capacity, and improve the production rate of the electrospinning process. Here, we report a hierarchically structured all-biomass air filter with high filtration efficiency and low air pressure drop based on applying Pickering emulsions to generate protein-functionalized nanostructures. Specifically, the air filter consists of cellulose nanofibers (CNF)/zein nanoparticles as active fillers prepared from Pickering emulsions and porous structures of microfibers as the frame from wood pulp (WP). The zein-protein-coated nanoparticles, CNF/zein, contribute in multiple ways to improve removal efficiency of the filters. First, the exposed functional groups of zein-protein help to trap air pollutants including toxic gaseous molecules via interaction mechanisms. Second, the nanoparticles with a high surface area promote the capture capability for small par... | eng_Latn | 9,164 |
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF TRACE CHRYSENE ANTHRACENE AND PERYLENE BY POLARIZATION SYNCHRONOUS SPECTROFLUORIMETRY | This work is performed on a spectrofluorimeter, which is equipped with two vertical polarizers in both the excitation and the emission light paths. The use of this technique can effectively suppress the effect of scattered light during synchronous scanning. A new method of polarization synchronous spectrofluorimetry for the simultaneous determination of chrysene, anthracene and perylene is described. The detection limit is nearly a fourfold decrease. The relative standard deviation is less than 3.1%. | The influences of Co-Cr-Pt-Ta sputtering-target microstructure on C/Co-Cr-Pt-Ta/Cr/glass films were investigated. The sputtering target consisted of a Co solid solution matrix and Ta- and Pt-rich precipitates. Annealing and rolling can increase the Pt and Ta content of the matrix. When the film is made by using an annealed and rolled target, its Hc and S* become large and the Hc distribution becomes small. These changes are related to the film composition. Simple calculations related to the ejection angular distribution of sputtered particles and yields suggest that about compositional changes in films are brought by the differences in the target microstructures. | yue_Hant | 9,165 |
Polypyrrole-peptide microarray for biomolecular interaction analysis by SPR imaging | Nowadays, high-throughput analysis of biological events is a great challenge which could take benefit of the recent development of microarray devices. The great potential of such technology is related to the availability of a chip bearing a large set of probes, stable and easy to obtain, and suitable for ligand-binding detection. Here, we describe a new method based on polypyrrole chemistry, allowing the covalent immobilization of peptides in a microarray format and on a gold surface compatible with the use of surface plasmon resonance. This technique is then illustrated by the detection and characterization of antibodies induced by hepatitis C virus and present in patients' serums. | Treatment of 1-phenyl-2-, and -3-phospholene 1-oxides with N-bromosuccinimide affords 4-bromo-1-phenyl-2-phospholene 1-oxide. Substitution of the bromide with acetate, followed by stereoselective oxidation with osmium tetroxide and peracetylation with acetic anhydride/pyridine affords phospho sugar derivatives of tetrafuranose. Furthermore, N-, O-, and S-glycosyl compounds of phospho sugars can be prepared from 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-phospholene 1-oxide by bromination and nucleophilic substitution reactions. This is a novel and excellent route to prepare phospho sugar derivatives | eng_Latn | 9,166 |
A microfluidic aptasensor integrated with nanodrop generator for MALDI-TOF MS analysis in clinical applications | This paper presents an aptamer-based microchip for sensitive and quantitative detection of biomolecules using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The device is capable of both isolating analyte from samples and dispensing purified samples onto a probe plate for a following MS analysis. Aptamers selectively captured and released target molecules for isocratic elution. An integrated nanodrop generator produced small sample spots (300 μm diameter), significantly minimizing spatial intensity variations. Repeated sample deposition on the same spot (50 times) induced on-spot analyte concentration improving the detection sensitivity. We also demonstrated that our integrated device coupled to MALDI MS analysis successfully performs the biomolecular quantification by calibrating relative intensities of analyte peak to its internal standard. | Microwave-driven smart material actuators were first envisioned and developed as the best option to simplify the complexity and weight of hard wired networked power and control for smart actuator arrays. A power allocation and distribution scheme (PAD) was originally devised to simplify the wiring of thousands of control cables. The original design was limited to 20 volts, the maximum drain-source voltage of a dual-gate MOSFET used in the circuit. The present research sought to extend the usable voltage range to 200 volts. | eng_Latn | 9,167 |
MLC1 mutations in Japanese patients with megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts | Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is an autosomal recessive neurological disorder manifesting early onset macrocephaly and delayed-onset neurological deterioration. Characteristic radiological findings revealed by brain magnetic resonance imaging are the most important factors for obtaining a clinical diagnosis. In this study, we analyzed the causative gene, MLC1, in seven unrelated Japanese patients. The most common mutation in our study was p.S93L; this mutation was observed in 11 alleles (78.6%). The second most common mutation, p.A275D, was observed in two alleles (14.3%). A novel single-nucleotide deletion, c.578delG (p.V194Sfs*2), was identified in one allele. As the clinical severities of patients with MLC were variable even among those sharing identical genotypes, this condition may be modified by environmental factors, modifier genes or epigenetic factors. | Plenoptic cameras generally employ a microlens array positioned between the main lens and the image sensor to capture the three-dimensional target radiation in the visible range. Because the focal length of common refractive or diffractive microlenses is fixed, the depth of field (DOF) is limited so as to restrict their imaging capability. In this paper, we propose a new plenoptic camera using a liquid crystal microlens array (LCMLA) with electrically tunable focal length. The developed LCMLA is fabricated by traditional photolithography and standard microelectronic techniques, and then, its focusing performance is experimentally presented. The fabricated LCMLA is directly integrated with an image sensor to construct a prototyped LCMLA-based plenoptic camera for acquiring raw radiation of targets. Our experiments demonstrate that the focused region of the LCMLA-based plenoptic camera can be shifted efficiently through electrically tuning the LCMLA used, which is equivalent to the extension of the DOF. | eng_Latn | 9,168 |
Khellin: A furanochromone with toxicity against Oncopeltus fasciatus (Hemiptera) and Aedes aegypti (Diptera) | Natural products isolated from plants may be an alternative source of larvicidal and insecticide activity. Khellin ::: is a natural furanochromone isolated from fruits of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. (Umbelliferae family), which grows ::: extensively in the Mediterranean region. This substance shows several types of biological activity, such as in ::: vitro cytotoxicity, antispasmodic action, and phototherapeutic potential. Dengue is a tropical disease caused ::: by an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes aegypti; the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, is a phytophagous ::: Hemiptera and a Phytomonas vector. Our main goal was to evaluate the toxicity of khellin in relation to the ::: nymphs of O. fasciatus (Hemiptera) and larvae of A. aegypti (Diptera). To the best of our knowledge, this is ::: the fi rst report concerning furanochromone bioactivity against insect vectors for human disease. | This paper describes the use of a thermochromic material (2,4,5-triphenylimidazole or also called Lophine) for the fabrication of temperature optical fiber sensors. First, an experimental study of this material at different temperatures is presented and subsequently its behavior in two different schemes (variations of the reflected optical power and of the transmitted optical power) is analyzed. The characterization of both low cost sensors is discussed comparing the experimental results and analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. Besides, all the measurements taken were immune to humidity obtaining ideal sensors for monitoring the temperature of the water in several applications. | eng_Latn | 9,169 |
[The chemiluminescence and fluorescence of aromatic amino acids in the presence of iodine]. | Optic characteristics of solutions of aromatic amino acids containing fluorine products were examined by adding iodine solution. Iodine exerted variously directed effects on the intensity of photochemiluminescence of tryptophan, thyrosine, and beta-indolacetic acid solutions. Extinction of the luminescence of beta-indolacetic acid accumulating in an organism during tumors may be used as an additional test for the differential diagnosis of cancer. | The evolution of atomic de Broglie waves inside strong periodic potentials can be described as channeling and exhibits both particle and wave effects. Using a beam of metastable Argon atoms interacting with an intense standing light wave we detect an interference pattern arising from the coherent guiding of the atoms through the light channels. In analogy to light optics these interference effects are only visible, if certain requirements for longitudinal and transverse coherence are fulfilled. We experimentally study the influence of the velocity selection and the collimation of the Argon atoms. As well as an another factor determining the coherence of the evolution - the spontaneous emission. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. | eng_Latn | 9,170 |
Effect of Ligand Structure on MnO Nanoparticles for Enhanced T1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Inflammatory Macrophages | Carboxymethyl-dextran (CM-dextran) replaced the hydrophobic oleylamine ligands on the surfaces of MnO nanoparticles, rendering them highly water-soluble by allowing direct contact with excited water protons. Solution MRI studies of the two types of nanoparticles, exchanged and bilayered, with different core sizes have shown that the exchanged ligand structure exhibits significantly enhanced longitudinal relaxation. The modification with dextran converted the nanoparticles into effective T1 MRI contrast agents, as well as promoting strong interactions with macrophages. Thus, it is a potential MR contrast agent for visualizing inflammatory macrophages. | Abstract In this work green tapes comprised of TiC and SiC were further processed by lamination, pyrolysis and liquid silicon infiltration. The in-situ synthesis of MAX phase Ti 3 SiC 2 by silicon infiltration was investigated and discussed. The synthesis was supported by thermodynamic calculations. The mechanical and microstructural properties of the siliconized composites were studied. The processing route, in combination with Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) resulted in the successful fabrication of a three-dimensional gear. The gear showed a defect-free structure with a linear shrinkage of less than 3% relative to the green state. Thus, this approach can be considered as a near-net-shaping process of ceramic components with complex geometries. | eng_Latn | 9,171 |
Surface modification of polyaniline nanorods with thiol-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) | Electrochemically grown polyaniline (PAni) thin films have been shown to react efficiently with thiols, which can dramatically change the surface properties of the material without significantly impacting bulk conductivity. Such films, however, are difficult to process and are unsuitable for many applications. Here, we demonstrate the grafting of thiol-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG-SH) of various molecular weights onto PAni nanorods. The resulting materials are characterized by spectroscopic, microscopic, and thermal analytical methods to demonstrate the covalent attachment of the PEG polymers to the nanorods. The derivatized nanorods are water dispersible and maintain their original morphology and electroactivity. The number of thiols bound to the nanoparticles under a given set of conditions decreases as the size increases, but the total mass of PEG increases with increasing size. The reaction proceeds at room temperature, but is much faster at higher temperature and greater PEG density is observed. | Structural and optical properties of TiO2 thin films prepared using a sol–gel process have been examined at different treatment temperatures and for different layer counts. XRD and Raman analyzes of our thin films of TiO2 show that 3 layer films crystallize in anatase and brookite phases, starting from the temperature of annealing 350 ◦ C. The grain size calculated from XRD patterns varies from 6.7 to 23.5 nm. Refractive index and porosity are found to vary with treatment temperature and number of dippings. Our films, irrespective of treatment temperature and number of dippings, are transparent in the visible range and opaque in the UV | eng_Latn | 9,172 |
Steady state charge conduction through solution processed liquid crystalline lanthanide bisphthalocyanine films | In-plane electrical characteristics of non-peripherally octyl(C8H17)- and hexyl(C6H13)-substituted liquid crystalline (LC) double decker lanthanide bisphthalocyanine (LnPc2) complexes with central ... | This paper reports on the development of optically based techniques to detect and identify chemical agents. Detection ::: sensitivity and molecule discrimination are studied. In parallel, efforts are made to develop rugged and compact ::: experimental designs that can be used for field measurements. Laser Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a ::: surface analyzing optical technique investigated to measure sarin like molecules deposited on samples coming from the ::: Parisian subway. On the other hand, Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLS) - Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy ::: (CRDS) or Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) - is used to measure traces of the industrial toxic ::: hydrogen fluoride gas down to the ppb level. Measurements in laboratory are reported and primary results obtained in a ::: field experiment are described. | eng_Latn | 9,173 |
High Specificity Binding of Lectins to Carbohydrate-Functionalized Fiber Bragg Gratings: A New Model for Biosensing Applications | The functionalization of an etched fiber Bragg grating was realized using a carbohydrate-siloxane conjugate. No fluorescent probes were used. Concanavalin A bound with high specificity to the glucose biosensor, but not to the lactose functionalized fiber. Conversely, peanut agglutinin bound to the lactose sensor with high specificity over its glucose counterpart. Quasi-monolayer selective binding of the lectins to the fiber sensor was inferred based on a theoretical analysis of the observed changes in the refractive index. Our results open the way to the use of unlabeled carbohydrate-based sensors for the study of the human glycome. | Code generation with the Graham Glanville scheme can be improved, using backtracking parsers for attribute grammars. This eliminates semantic and syntactic blocking during code selection and guarantees the cheapest code possible, if desired. Multipass translation allows the use of nontrivial register allocation strategies. The code generator generator system BECC is a LALR(1) based backtracking parser generator for a derivate of S-attributed grammars which provides several interpreters that differ in their abilities and performance. | eng_Latn | 9,174 |
Synthesis and Electrochemical Characteristic of Spinel LiCr_(0.2)Mn_(1.8)O_4 | The spinel phase of LiCrxMn2-xO4(x=0,0.2) was synthesized via suspended solid reaction of LiOH,MnCO3 and Cr2(CO3)3 prepared by dispersing stoichiometric amount of Li,Cr and Mn salts in the proportion of n(Li)∶n(Cr)∶n(Mn)=1.02∶0.2∶1.8.The mixture was added to distilled water and rubbed repeatability,desiccated and calcined at 800 ℃.The material was characterized with XRD,SEM,FTIR,TGA and EDS,and the electrochemical properties were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge cycling techniques.The results show that the LiCrxMn2-xO4 is spinel phase of hexagonal cube,size of single grain about 1 μm;the charge and discharge capacities of the LiCr0.2Mn1.8O4 are still 101/99 mA·h·g-1 and the efficiencies of charge and discharge keep to 98% and 96% respectively after 39 cycles. | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,175 |
Effect of Different Components of Egg Yolk on Flavor of Egg Yolk | The fresh egg yolk was separated into three components by organic solvent: nonfat components, polar lipids and unpolar lipids. Sensory evaluation and GC-MS were used to study the flavor compounds of the heated three components and the assembled samples. The result showed that the characteristic flavor of egg yolk was produced by the polar lipids and nonfat components. Unpolar lipids in egg yolk has little contribution to the characteristic flavor. The interactional result between the Mallard reaction and the lipids oxidation was the main way that produced the characteristic flavor of egg yolk. | Exact expressions for the out of phase modulated photocurrent (MPC), the so-called Y signal, with a clear physical insight for density of states (DOS) spectroscopy are derived without any approximation. It is found that, apart from the capture rate of the majority carriers into the probed gap states, additional mixed contributions from the recombination processes of the free majority carriers with trapped minority carriers may be important for the Y signal of lower frequencies. These additional contributions prevent the extraction of a reliable DOS. They become important as long as the capture coefficient for the majority carriers of the recombination centers, where the minority carriers are trapped, is comparable to or higher than that of the recombination centers were the majority carriers are trapped. In this case, the recombination rate is relatively high and the mixed contributions from the recombination processes can be detectable in the experimental Y signal and may also induce a phase lead. Taking... | eng_Latn | 9,176 |
Water Level Monitoring and Measurement System of River Based on ZigBee | Aimed at the current status of water level monitoring and measurement of river,the water level monitoring and measurement system of river was proposed,utilizing both ZigBee technology and ultrasonic waves measurement technology.In the system,the ultrasonic waves measurement modules were combined with wireless sensor nodal points.The system has broad application prospects,because the wireless sensors are small,easy to expand,and of low power comsumption. | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,177 |
Determination of Phytic Acid in Cereal Grains, Legumes, and Feeds by Capillary Isotachophoresis | A method is described for the determination of phytic acid in various plant materials and feeds based on isotachophoresis. The electrophoretic migration properties of phytic acid, the lower inositol phosphates, and phosphate were investigated in various buffering systems. It was found that the electrolyte system consisting of 0.01 mol& hydrochloric acid, 0.0056 mol& bis-tris-propane (pH 6.1) as leading electrolyte, and 0.005 mom 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid as terminating electrolyte is most appropriate for the analysis of phytic acid in real samples using a volume-coupling isotachophoretic instrument. Calibration was carried out in the concentration range between and 1.2 x mol&, which corresponds to a phytic acid content of the samples of less than 0.08%. The precision of the determinations including sample pretreatment, expressed by the relative standard deviation, was 3.8%. mol&. The detection limit was less than | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,178 |
[Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and a simultaneous identification of their drug resistance by the hybridization method on oligonucleotide microchips]. | A method of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with subsequent hyoridization on oligonucleotide microchips was worked out to identify the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and to determine simultaneously the bacterial sensitivity to 2 first-line drugs, i.e. rifampin and isoniazid. The method provides for detecting above 95% of rifampin-resistant and around 80% of isoniazid-resistant strains within 1 day. | A tunable wavelength filter was proposed and demonstrated by using the ultraviolet nanoimprint technique. It consists of a Bragg grating in polymer waveguides and a heating electrode. The creation of the grating was substantially simplified with the introduction of a smart imprint stamp containing a waveguide pattern integrated with the grating pattern. The center wavelength of the filter was successfully tuned by taking advantage of the thermooptic effect in polymers, which was induced by supplying electrical power to the electrode. For the fabricated device, a transmission dip of ∼15dB and a 3dB bandwidth of 0.8nm were obtained at the Bragg wavelength of ∼1560nm. The achieved thermooptic tuning rate was ∼0.28nm∕mW, while the center wavelength was shifted from 1560nm to 1558nm with the electrical power consumption of 7mW. | eng_Latn | 9,179 |
Multiphonon Absorption in Chalcogenide Glasses | The“molecular model” of Lucovsky and coworkers for vibrational properties of chalcogenide glasses such as As2S3, As2Se3, GeS2 and GeSe2 suggests that multiphonon absorption in these materials should be analogous to overtone and combination vibrational bands in isolated molecules. A variety of experiments have been carried out whose results are in reasonable accord with this prediction. These include Raman spectra of As2S3 glass, measurement of the frequency dependence of infrared absorption in the multiphonon region for As2S3, As2Se3, and mixed As2S3-As2Se3 and As2Se3-GeSe2 glasses, and measurement of the temperature dependence of absorption coefficients in the multiphonon region for As2Se3 glass. | Many microfluidic applications require modified surface wettability of the microchannels. Patterning of wettability within enclosed microfluidic structures at high spatial resolution has been challenging in the past. In this paper, we report an improved method for altering the surface wettability in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannels by UV-induced graft polymerization of poly(acrylic acid). Our method presents significant improvements in terms of wettability contrast and spatial resolution of the patterned structures as compared to recent literature and is in particular applicable to complex microfluidic structures with a broad range of channel sizes and aspect ratios. A key part of our work is the clear description of the surface treatment process with the identification of key parameters, some of which have been overlooked, neglected, or misinterpreted in previous works. We have studied these key parameters in detail and provide recommended values for each parameter supported by experimental re... | deu_Latn | 9,180 |
A highly selective and synthetically facile aqueous-phase cyanide probe | Disperse Orange 3 (4-(4-nitrophenylazo)aniline)-based chemosensor 1 has been prepared. This structurally simple receptor displays great selectivity for the cyanide anion over other common inorganic anions in aqueous environment and can detect cyanide in water sample at micromolar concentrations. | Abstract MBE regrowth on MOVPE grown InP and InGaAsP (1.06 μm) layers was found to demand appropriate surface treatment for not sacrificing epitaxial growth performance. Wet chemical etching using a sulphuric acid based solution as well as surface oxidation using UV light/ozone exposure were found to give very satisfactory and basically equivalent results. Particularly with the quaternary material, both methods prove to be destructive in that a non-neglible amount of material is removed from the surface. The removed thickness tends, however, to be smaller with the UV/ozone based process, an advantage, which becomes especially aparent in the presence of lower band gap InGaAs(P) layers which are strongly attacked by the sulphuric acid etchant. | eng_Latn | 9,181 |
Dissolution of a Soluble Drug Substance from Vinyl Polymer Matrices | □ It was shown that vinyl polymers form good bases for in vitro sustained-release matrices, and that the character of the release curves is basically in line with their PH–solubility profiles. For a flow cell, the release curves may be approximated by the equation: In (m/m0) = –K(t − ti), where m is the amount not dissolved, m0 is the initial drug content, K is a dissolution constant, t is time, and t, is a lag time. Furthermore, it was shown that K is a function of tablet hardness (H) and polymer content (Q, percent). This functionality is well represented by the equation: In K = αH + γ in Q + ϵ, where α, γ, and ϵ are polymer-dependent parameters. Matrix erosion is represented by an exponential decay: (p/p0) = exp(–Dt + a), where p is the amount not eroded, p0 is the initial weight, D is an erosion constant, and a is a soluble polymer-dependent parameter. In the case of these soluble polymers, K is not solely a function of D. | Nowadays, high-throughput analysis of biological events is a great challenge which could take benefit of the recent development of microarray devices. The great potential of such technology is related to the availability of a chip bearing a large set of probes, stable and easy to obtain, and suitable for ligand-binding detection. Here, we describe a new method based on polypyrrole chemistry, allowing the covalent immobilization of peptides in a microarray format and on a gold surface compatible with the use of surface plasmon resonance. This technique is then illustrated by the detection and characterization of antibodies induced by hepatitis C virus and present in patients' serums. | eng_Latn | 9,182 |
Spectroscopic analysis of keratin endogenous signal for skin multiphoton microscopy | We recorded one-photon excited fluorescence (1PEF) and two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) spectra of purified keratin from human epidermis, and determined the action cross section of this endogenous chromophore. We used this spectroscopic analysis to analyse multiphoton images of skin biopsies and assign the intrinsic fluorescence signals in the epidermis. We observed a good agreement between in situ and in vitro 2PEF spectra of keratin. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the 2PEF signal of the keratins from the epidermis, and will be of practical interest for multiphoton imaging of the skin. | Exact eigenvalues, normalized electronic wavefunctions and their derivatives with respect to the internuclear separation have been calculated for the lowest 20 states 1s sigma , 2s sigma ,...,4f phi of the HeH2+ molecule at internuclear separations 0.1(0.1)20, 20(0.2)80 a0 assuming infinitely massive nuclei. The numerical importance of the correct exponential form of the wavefunctions is emphasized, and the states are unambiguously correlated to their separated-atoms limits. The molecular states 2p sigma , 4f sigma and 4f pi are bound; their equilibrium parameters have been determined. | eng_Latn | 9,183 |
Comparing Research on TiO_2 Anti-reflection Coating (ARC) and SiN ARC of Crystalline Si Solar Sells | Comparison of TiO 2 anti reflection coating (ARC) and SiN ARC were carried out by multi coating theory and numerical calculation, including their impact to performances of crystalline Si solar cells. The optimum design results were obtained. | The development of molecular probes for the detection and imaging of biological thiols is a major step forward diagnosing various types of diseases. Previously reported thiol imaging strategies were mainly based on a single mode of imaging with a limited application in vivo. In this work, we introduced an unsymmetrical near-infrared (NIR) squaraine dye (USq) as an exogenous contrast agent for photoacoustic and fluorescence bimodal imaging of thiol variations in live animals. USq exhibits a narrow absorption band at 680 nm that generates a photoacoustic signal and a strong NIR emission at 700 nm (ΦF = 0.27), which is applicable for deep tissue optical imaging. Both photoacoustic and fluorescence signals could selectively disappear in the presence of different thiols. Through in vitro and in vivo imaging studies, unique imaging capability of USq was demonstrated, and the effect of food uptake on the increased level of aminothiols in blood was confirmed. | eng_Latn | 9,184 |
Rapid screening for plasmid DNA | A procedure is described for demonstrating plasmid DNA and its molecular weight, based on rate zonal centrifugation of unlabelled DNA in neutral sucrose gradients containing a low concentration of ethidium bromide. Each DNA species is then visualized as a discrete fluorescent band when the centrifuge tube is illuminated with ultra-violet light. Plasmids exist as closed circular and as relaxed circular molecules, which sediment separately, but during preparation of lysates, closed circular molecules are nicked so that each plasmid forms only a single band of relaxed circles within the gradient. | A plasma CVD technology was developed that can deposit high-quality Ta20S thin film, suitable for stacked capacitor dielectric film of 64 Mbit-DRAM and beyond. Ta20S films, as thin as 30 A Si02 equivalen� thickness, deposited by this newly | eng_Latn | 9,185 |
Surface-field induced organisation at solid/fluid interfaces | Self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiol derivatives have been used to control the anchoring of nematic films of alkylcyanobiphenyl (nCB) liquid crystals. Variation of the surface field, via the ω-functional group presented at the liquid crystal interface, has allowed us to explore both orientational wetting and anchoring transitions. It is found that low-energy CF3 surfaces give rise to homeotropic anchoring of 8CB whilst CO2H and OH terminated surfaces yield planar anchoring. The anchoring transition lies close to 5CB on CF3- and 8CB on CH3-terminated surfaces. The molecular alignment in the interfacial region is studied using a modified evanescent wave ellipsometric approach in which the position of the Brewster angle represents our integrated order parameter. We find complete orientational wetting by homeotropic nematic films at the substrate/isotropic fluid interface, for sufficiently low energy surfaces. In contrast, in our systems, planar anchoring is not associated with orientational wetting. | We present optically pumped lasing from group IV GeSn/SiGeSn heterostructures. A comparison between double heterostructure and multi-quantum-well microdisk cavities reveals advantages of the multi-well design. Strongly reduced lasing thresholds compared to values from bulk devices are observed. | eng_Latn | 9,186 |
Molecular transport in subnanometer pores: zero-point energy, reduced dimensionality and quantum sieving | Abstract In microporous materials quantum effects in molecular adsorption and transport become of importance if the difference between pore diameter and the molecular hard core is no longer large compared to the de Broglie wavelength of radial motion. Two aspects are discussed: the freezing of the radial degrees of freedom resulting in a one dimensional gas and the situation where the zero-point energy overcompensates the attraction of the walls, creating an energy barrier at the entrance of the pores. In both cases the material can act as a quantum molecular sieve. | Nowadays, high-throughput analysis of biological events is a great challenge which could take benefit of the recent development of microarray devices. The great potential of such technology is related to the availability of a chip bearing a large set of probes, stable and easy to obtain, and suitable for ligand-binding detection. Here, we describe a new method based on polypyrrole chemistry, allowing the covalent immobilization of peptides in a microarray format and on a gold surface compatible with the use of surface plasmon resonance. This technique is then illustrated by the detection and characterization of antibodies induced by hepatitis C virus and present in patients' serums. | eng_Latn | 9,187 |
Direct detection of the interaction of tiny analytes with receptors using an advanced plasmonic biosensor | The interaction between tiny-molecular-weight analytes and receptors can be detected directly using advanced plasmonic biosensors. This paper proposes a plasmonic biosensor with Au nanoclusters embedded in a dielectric film. The sensor uses the attenuated total reflection (ATR) method to excite both the surface plasmons (SPs) and the particle plasmons (PPs). The local electro-magnetic (EM) field is enhanced by controlling the size and volume fraction of the embedded Au nanoparticles. The developed biosensor demonstrates a 10-fold improvement in resolution compared to a conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. Using the proposed ultra-sensitive plasmonic biosensor, a direct detection approach is adopted to analyze the interactions of tiny molecules (< 200 Da) without the need for high molecular weight competitors or explicit labeling. The plasmonic biosensor developed in this paper provides a rapid diagnostic capability and has considerable potential for use in pharmaceutical research. | The present invention relates to an apparatus for receiving between the appliance and the appliance configuration data exchange, the data, for example, position data or identification data. The apparatus comprising: an elongated track of sensors provided by the sensors in the tool receiving structure; and at least one sensor is provided on the appliance activation element. The instrument includes a unique pattern of activating a sensor element composed of a sensor activation element sensor to identify the appliance. And a second sensor comprises a first electrode, and the sensor activating element comprises an electrically conductive element. | eng_Latn | 9,188 |
Electric-Field Distribution at the End of a Charged Capillary-A Coupling Imaging Study | The electric-field distribution at the end of a charged capillary system is detected using a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) coupling imaging mode. A theoretical model based on the resistance of solution at the capillary end describes the three-dimensional distribution of the electric field. The effect of the detection electrode position and separation high voltage on solution potential is observed and analyzed. Results demonstrate that the electric field at the end-channel shows an isopotential contour changing from a disk shape into a hemispherical shape when leaving the capillary opening. The solution potential decreases along the central axis of the capillary to the detection reservoir. In the same scanning plane, the solution potential decreases along the radial direction. Increase of the separation high voltage results in the increase of the absolute solution potential but does not change the relative spatial electric-field distribution. | Polarimetric characferization of rain drop as ellipsoid is calculated by point- matching method,and then the depression of rain clutter is discussed.The result shows that emitting with circular polarization and receiving with copolarization are effective on rain clutter′s depression. | eng_Latn | 9,189 |
Oolong Tea Polyphenols Ameliorate Circadian Rhythm of Intestinal Microbiome and Liver Clock Genes in Mouse Model | Our present study focused on the regulating effect of oolong tea polyphenols (OTPs) on the circadian rhythm of liver and intestinal microbiome. OTP significantly alleviated the disrupted diurnal oscillation and phase shift of the specific intestinal microbiota and liver clock genes in mice induced by constant dark (CD) treatment. Transcriptomics revealed that 1114 genes in the control group and 647 genes in the CD group showed circadian rhythm while 723 genes were rhythmic in the CD-OTP group. The Gene Ontology (GO) database provided significant differences in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to OTP treatment. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enriched the most DEGs after OTP intervention including “Focal adhesion” (9 DEGs) and “PI3K-Akt signaling pathway” (9 DEGs). The present study provided a global view that OTP may alleviate the circadian rhythm disorder of the host, contributing to the improvement of microecology and health. | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,190 |
Hydrophobing silica with organosilicon compounds and blends thereof | Silica surfaces are contacted with compositions containing organosilicon compounds to prepare modified silica fillers. The compositions contain only organosilicon compounds which are monomeric dichlorosilanes and trialkoxysilanes. The treating compositions may be: (i) mixtures or blends of dialkyldichlorosilanes, and trialkoxysilanes free of hydrocarbon or organofunctional groups reactive with silica surfaces; or (ii) mixtures or blends of substituted dialkyldichlorosilanes in which the substituted dialkyldichlorosilanes are free of hydrocarbon or organofunctional groups reactive with silica surfaces, and trialkoxysilanes free of hydrocarbon or organofunctional groups reactive with silica surfaces. These mixtures and blends contain dialkyldichlorosilanes and trialkoxysilanes in a weight ratio of 1:0 to 1:2, respectively. | Hybrid System-in-Foil exploits the complementary benefits of integrating embedded silicon chips with on-foil passive and active electronic components. In this work, the design, fabrication and characterization of three on-foil components, namely a humidity sensor, near field communication antenna and organic thin-film transistors, are investigated. | eng_Latn | 9,191 |
Foams Stabilized by Multilamellar Polyglycerol Ester Self-Assemblies | The importance of surfactant self-assemblies in foam stabilization is well-known. The aim of the current study was to investigate the self-assemblies of the nonionic surfactant polyglycerol ester (PGE) in bulk solutions, at the interface and within foams, using a combined approach of small-angle neutron scattering, neutron reflectivity, and electron microscopy. PGE bulk solutions contain vesicles as well as open lamellar structures. Upon heating of the solutions the lamellar spacing increases, with significant differences in the presence of NaCl or CaCl2 as compared to the standard solution. The adsorption of the multilamellar structures present in the bulk solutions lead to a multilayered film at the air–water interface. The ordering within this film was increased as a result of a 20% area compression mimicking a coalescence event. Finally, PGE foams were shown to be stabilized not only by strong interfacial films but also by agglomerated self-assemblies within the interstitial areas of the foams. | This paper presents a gimbaled MEMS scanning mirror (MSM) especially developed for adaptive raster scanning in a ::: novel 3D ToF laser camera. Large quasi-static deflections of ±10° are provided by vertical comb drives in vertical ::: direction in contrast to resonant horizontal scanning of the 2.6x3.6mm elliptical mirror at 1600 Hz and 80° optical scan ::: range. For position feedback piezo-resistive position sensors are integrated on chip for both axes. To guarantee the full ::: reception aperture of effective 5 mm a synchronized driven MEMS scanner array - consisting of five hybrid assembled ::: MEMS devices - are used in a novel 3D ToF laser scanner enabling a distance measuring rate of 1MVoxel/s and an ::: uncertainty of ToF distance measurement of 3…5 mm at 7.5 m measuring range for a gray target. | eng_Latn | 9,192 |
Frequency noise reduction of heterogeneous Si/III-V lasers locked to ultra-high Q Si3N4 resonators | A heterogeneous Si/III-V laser is frequency locked to a waveguide coupled ultra-high Q Si 3 N 4 resonator in the Pound-Drever-Hall configuration. The FM noise is reduced 33 dB to 103 Hz2/Hz, promising for stable integrated reference lasers. | The development of molecular probes for the detection and imaging of biological thiols is a major step forward diagnosing various types of diseases. Previously reported thiol imaging strategies were mainly based on a single mode of imaging with a limited application in vivo. In this work, we introduced an unsymmetrical near-infrared (NIR) squaraine dye (USq) as an exogenous contrast agent for photoacoustic and fluorescence bimodal imaging of thiol variations in live animals. USq exhibits a narrow absorption band at 680 nm that generates a photoacoustic signal and a strong NIR emission at 700 nm (ΦF = 0.27), which is applicable for deep tissue optical imaging. Both photoacoustic and fluorescence signals could selectively disappear in the presence of different thiols. Through in vitro and in vivo imaging studies, unique imaging capability of USq was demonstrated, and the effect of food uptake on the increased level of aminothiols in blood was confirmed. | eng_Latn | 9,193 |
Enzyme Linked Iuno-Sohbei.T Assay for Detection of Aktibouy. Activity in Female Genital Traot of Immunized Rabbits | A method to assay anti-HCG activity was developed. Polystyrene micro-ELISA plates were coated with HCG and uterine and tubal washings were incubated in the wells. Sera were diluted to equate the protein content with that in the washings and were included in the assay to serve as internal reference standards. Anti-rabbit-IgG (sheep) conjugated to horse-radish peroxidase was added to each well and enzyme activity was monitored using ortho-phenyldiamine as chromogen agent. Enzyme activity was a direct measure of anti-HCG activity. This method was used to compare anti-HCG activity in the genital tract fluid of rabbits immunized with HCG with that of serum from the same animal.The results of the present study show that at equal protein concentrations, the anti-HCG activity was only 2.64% to 18.73% of the activity present in serum. Thus, it seems that antibody activity in the genital tract of the female rabbits immunized systemically may not be sufficient enough to neutralize the biological function of the anti... | In an optical multilayer thin film system, interference effects play an important role for the outcoupling of light due to the different refractive indices and thicknesses of the involved layers. A theoretical model has been investigated with the ability to calculate the outcoupled intensity of light for various wavelengths and viewing angles. ZnS:TbF3 ac-TFEL devices have been prepared to verify the model and to check the applicability of the theory to electroluminescent devices. Experimental and calculated wavelength and viewing angle dependent intensity data show good agreement. The outcoupling efficiency ηopt of a TFEL device can be increased up to 25% compared with the value given by the well known formula of the simple theory /1/. | eng_Latn | 9,194 |
Chemical vapor deposition of silica on silicalite crystals and shape-selective adsorption of paraffins | Abstract Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of Si(OCH 3 ) 4 was carried out on silicalite crystals in order to control the pore-opening size. Due to the non-acidity, relatively high temperature such as 773 K was required to deposit thicker silica layers sufficient for obtaining selective adsorbents. Adsorption of linear and branched alkanes on silicalite and CVD-silicalites was performed gravimetrically and chromatographically at about 298 K. Both methods showed that adsorption behavior was almost unchanged for hexane and butane on CVD-silicalites but the adsorption for 2-methylpentane and 2-methylpropane was suppressed with the increase of the silica amount on silicalite. The extent of suppression depended upon the length of paraffins and the amount of deposited silica on silicalite. Thus, linear and branched paraffins can be separated by choosing the extent of silica deposition on silicalite. | Dataset for Skin-deep Patterning of Calcite. From the data in this file, we show that calcite surface patterning changes with experimental conditions, additive concentrations, time, additive mixtures and additive chemistry. As a model additive, we used a cement protein cp20k, to develop a range of surface patterns such as nanoshoots and arrowheads. From a range of other additives, we were then able to show how many other surface patterning motifs were then accessible. The data includes SEM, Optical, confocal fluorescence, FIB/SEM, and TEM data. | eng_Latn | 9,195 |
Frequency analysis of δ Scuti and RR Lyrae stars in the OGLE-1 database | We discuss the results of a systematic search for multiperiodic pulsations in Galactic Bulge Delta Scuti and RR Lyrae stars. Six "normal" double-mode variables pulsating in two radial modes have been identified (5 Delta Scuti-type and 1 RR Lyrae-type). In 37 RR Lyrae stars secondary periodicities very close to the primary pulsation frequency have been detected. These periodicities correspond to nonradial modes of oscillation. They are found in \~23% of RRab and in ~3% of RRc variables of our sample. | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,196 |
Accuracy of Glucose Reflectance Testing for Detecting Hypoglycemia in Term Newborns | Glucose concentrations of 248 newborns at 1 and 3 hours of age were determined at the bedside by means of the Accu-Chek III Reflectance® meter and in the laboratory by means of the Vitros 750® analyzer. Hypoglycemia being defined as a glucose concentration less than 40 mg/dL, the reflectance meter had a sensitivity of 0.757 and a specificity of 0.876 at 1 hour and 0.975 at 3 hours. The imprecision of the reflectance meter at 1 hour eliminated it as a routine testing method. | Abstract The potential-time transient in potentiometric stripping analysis with a rotating mercury-film electrode is simulated digitally by means of the finite-difference Cranck-Nicolson method. Good agreement with experimental results is obtained. The relations between peak shape and signal duration for reversible analyte systems are discussed, and it is shown that severe peak overlap gives rise to distortions of the composite signal. | eng_Latn | 9,197 |
Plasma Spectra of New Superconductors (La1-xAx)2CuO4 | The optical reflectivity spectra of new superconductors (La1-xMx)2CuO4 (M=Ba, Ca, Sr) were investigated. In the spectra for the metallic samples, a plasma edge was observed at almost the same position for all compositions x and for all substituents. Based on the two-dimensional tight-binding model, the conduction band width was estimated to be about 1 eV from the value of the observed plasma energy. | Protein immobilization in a specific conformation or orientation at an interface is influenced by specific interactions with the outer layer of the surface. A strategy to build-up a complex construct which is able to orient protein molecules, based on metal-cation chelation processes, is reported. The proposed methodology implies the formation of a mercaptoundecanoic acid monolayer on a gold surface that is activated to attach covalently the tripeptide glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine (GHK) on the surface, whose sites are then employed to chelate copper ions, providing a selective platform for the orientation of human serum albumin (HSA) molecules. The protein adsorption process on GHK and GHK–Cu(II)-complex surfaces was monitored by the in situ quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and force spectroscopy technique. The changes in frequency and dissipation factor as well as the D–f plots from QCM-D measurements help to characterize the changes in the protein conformation and are confir... | eng_Latn | 9,198 |
Recent Advances in the Use of Intrinsic Fluorescence for Bacterial Identification and Characterization | Live bacteria contain a variety of intracellular biomolecules that have specific excitation and emission wavelength spectra characterizing their intrinsic fluorescence. This paper reviews recent developed methods using bacterial intrinsic fluorescence for identification and characterization purposes. Potential applications of such methods at the industrial level are also addressed. | Mizel and Bates ([1][1]), in their review on flagellin as an adjuvant, state that “a number of flagellin-based vaccines for infectious diseases have already entered clinical trials.” I would like to add a cautionary note concerning the evaluation of the efficacy of these trials. Some people are | eng_Latn | 9,199 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.