Search is not available for this dataset
query
stringlengths 1
13.4k
| pos
stringlengths 1
61k
| neg
stringlengths 1
63.9k
| query_lang
stringclasses 147
values | __index_level_0__
int64 0
3.11M
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
Imipramine and its metabolites in human brain | A quantitative and qualitative thin-layer chromatographic study of the distribution of imipramine and its metabolites in 13 different regions of the brain in a fatal case of intoxication has been made. A quantitative thin-layer chromatographic method for in situ determination of imipramine and desipramine has been developed. The concentration of imipramine ranged from 4–36 μg g−1 and of desipramine from 0–8 μg g−1 in different parts of the brain. 8 identified and 8 unidentified metabolites were detected in the different parts of the brain. Among the identified were hydroxy-, N-oxide, and iminodibenzyl-metabolites. The metabolic pattern found corresponds closely to the pattern found in human heart tissue and in urine from patients given imipramine. | Herein we report the design of a novel sensor array based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) determination. MIP of each lipoprotein class comprising comonomer of methacrylic acid (MAA) and vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) in the ratio of 3:2 and 2:3, were screened onto threeelectrode quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as selective elements toward LDL and HDL, respectively. Sensor array device reveals concentration-dependent sensor responses toward varying amount of each standard LDL and HDL solution with a linear correlation coefficient of R$^{2} =$ 0.89 and 0.99, respectively. HDL-MIP presents cross-reactivity to LDL at 9-19% compared to the LDL-MIP signal. LDL-MIP also has cross-reactivity to HDL at 0-3% of LDL-MIP responses. All sensor signals are fully reversible and the sensor array can be reused. | eng_Latn | 9,200 |
Predator chemical cues affect prey feeding activity differently in juveniles and adults | Nonconsumptive predator effects on prey behaviour are common in nature, but the possible influence of prey life-history stage on such responses is poorly known. We investigated whether prey life-history stage may be a factor affecting prey feeding activity responses to predator chemical cues, for which we used dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus (L., 1758)) and their main prey, barnacles (Semibalanus balanoides (L., 1758)), as a model system. Barnacles use their modified legs (cirri) to filter food from the water column. Through a manipulative laboratory experiment, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of dogwhelks affects the frequency of leg swipes differently in juvenile and adult barnacles. Juveniles showed a similar feeding activity with and without nearby dogwhelks, but adults exhibited a significantly lower frequency of leg swipes when dogwhelks were present. Such an ontogenetic change in the response of barnacles to predatory cues might have evolved as a result of dogwhelks preferring adult barnacle... | ABSTRACT Manipulation of the rate of thermal reversion of N-functionalized merocyanines (MC) to the corresponding spiropyran isomers in the dark, was demonstrated by using both organic acid and base additives. In the presence of organic bases, increase or decrease of the rate of reaction was dependent on the solvent used. When organic acids were used, in all cases the reaction rate decreased when compared with the system containing no acid. Similar behavior was also observed in polymer films. This approach is of interest for applications in the design of optical switches and memory with enhanced stability of the stored information. | eng_Latn | 9,201 |
Annelation of organoboranes derived from geraniol | Alicyclic products have been obtained from geraniol derivatives in four ways: carbonylation of the intermediate borane either by treatment with carbon monoxide under pressure or by rearrangement of the cyanoborate under the influence of an electrophilic reagent; coupling under the influence of alkaline silver nitrate or by rearrangement of the bromo derivative obtained by photochemical bromination. The methods are compared and the nature of the products studied. | Weobserved overtwo-fold enhancement inlight extraction efficiency fromGaN-based light emitters grownonanano-patterned sapphire substrate. Nano-hole array patterns were generated bylaser holography, which enabled alarge area process with high throughput. | eng_Latn | 9,202 |
Density functional theory and ab-initio computational study of molecular structure, tautomerism, and geometrical isomerism of ethynyl-bridged dipyridinones: In the gas phase and dielectric media | The geometries and relative stabilities for the different isomers and tautomers of ethynyl-bridged dipyridinones were calculated with full geometry optimizations using DFT method. Solvent effects have been analysed using the self-consistent reaction field theory with Onsager and continuum models for three different solvent, CHCl3, CH3OH and H2O. The geometrical parameters of all structures were almost unaffected by the solvent. Except 3a and 3b, all compounds were found to have planar structure in the gas phase and in solutions. For the 3a and 3b tautomers were observed small divergence from planarity. The keto forms were calculated considerably to be more stable than the enol forms in the gas phase and in all solutions. The differences in relative energy values between tautomers were increased in general by the effect of solvent. | Organic contamination adsorbed on 200 mm silicon wafers was characterized using various analytical techniques. Surface hydrophobicity, apparent optical thickness and electrical surface charge are used to characterize the silicon surface state. They only give information on total organic contamination. MIR-FTIR is very sensitive for detecting CH2 and CH3 contained in organics on silicon wafers. TOF-SIMS is quite sensitive and enables some of the organics to be recognized by identifying the molecule fragments. TDGC-MS is the most relevant technique to identify organic contamination on silicon wafers as extensive identification libraries exist. | eng_Latn | 9,203 |
Separating extracellular vesicles and lipoproteins via acoustofluidics | Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and lipoproteins are abundant and co-exist in blood. Both have been proven to be valuable as diagnostic biomarkers and for therapeutics. However, EVs and lipoproteins are both on the submicron scale and overlap in size distributions. Conventional methods to separate EVs and lipoproteins are inefficient and time-consuming. Here we present an acoustofluidic-based separation technique that is based on the acoustic property differences of EVs and lipoproteins. By using the acoustofluidic technology, EVs and subgroups of lipoproteins are separated in a label-free, contact-free, and continuous manner. With its ability for simple, rapid, efficient, continuous-flow isolation, our acoustofluidic technology could be a valuable tool for health monitoring, disease diagnosis, and personalized medicine. | Abstract This paper reviews the use of acoustic emission for powder flow investigations. It then examines the application of the technique to two separate problems of (a) metering metal powder flows; and (b) investigating the velocity profiles inside a fluidised bed. | eng_Latn | 9,204 |
DETERMINATION OF LEAD AND BISMUTH IN SILVER NITRATE BY GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY | A method for determination of trace quantities of lead and bismuth in silver nitrate was described. Lead and bismuth were separated from precipitated AgCl with NH4CI as a precipitant and EDTA as a complexing agent. The method is simple and convenient. The recoveries are up to more than 90%. | For decades, plasmonic nanostructures have been used as important optical sensing platforms, however, the necessity of sensitive optical instruments for detection greatly limits their practical application. Herein, a multi-responsive naked eye plasmonic indicator has been prepared through introduction of a responsive polymer brush (PNIPAm) into the cavity of a Ag nanovolcano array (Ag NVA). According to the phase change of the PNIPAm brush under different external conditions, the as-prepared Ag NVA shows responsive monochromatic colors, which allow the Ag NVA to serve as a plasmonic indicator detected by the naked eye. Importantly, the as-prepared Ag NVA also possesses a rapid response rate as well as excellent repeatability, and is compatible with conventional micro-fabrication methods. All of these excellent features make the as-prepared Ag NVA an attractive candidate for future optical indicating and intelligent color display applications. | yue_Hant | 9,205 |
Detecting DNA-DNA Hybridization at 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid Self-Assembled on Tin-Doped Indium Oxide Film with Electrochemical Measurement | Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) were applied on tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) surfaces and used as a working electrode for sensing DNA hybridization. The concentration of probe single stranded DNA (ssDNA), complemented with target DNA, was optimized for the highest yield immobilization on MPA/ITO platform. The ssDNA/MPA/ITO was allowed to hybridize to target DNA prepared from PCR amplification that first tested by the synthesized complementary sequences. Both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were employed for investigating probe ssDNA immobilization and target DNA hybridization. For fast and low concentration detecting purposes, methylene blue (MB) coupled with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for detecting the target DNA hybridization events. | Abstract A convenient microwave-assisted methodology is developed for the generation of 5-chloro-3-(dimethylamino)pyrazin-2(1H)-ones. The method entails a chemoselective desulfitative removal of a phenylthioether bond upon DMF/H2O treatment in the presence of sodium carbonate, yielding the desired compounds in 73–96%. | eng_Latn | 9,206 |
Studies of meiosis in vitro. II. Effect of inhibiting DNA synthesis during meiotic prophase on chromosome structure and behavior. | Abstract Inhibitors of DNA synthesis interfere with the meiotic cycle if administered to cells during zygonema and/or pachynema. The cytological effects correlate with the chemical evidence for a synthesis of DNA during that same interval. The main effects of inhibiting DNA synthesis are either zygonema arrest or fragmentation of chromosomes. The type of abnormality depends upon the time at which inhibition is effected. Zygonema arrest occurs only if DNA synthesis is inhibited at the time of its initiation which is coincident with the initiation of pairing. Fragmentation of prophase chromosomes occurs only if DNA synthesis is inhibited during mid-zygonema. Inhibition of DNA synthesis during late zygonema or early pachynema does not interfere with the first meiotic division but results in chromosome fragmentation during the second division. The relevance of these observations to chromosome structure is discussed. | Abstract An uniform nanostructured array of VO 2 @SiO 2 was grown via depositing VO 2 film on SiO 2 monolayer array. VO 2 films were fabricated by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of sputtered vanadium films, and SiO 2 arrays with diameter of about 600 nm were formed using direct assembly at the air-water interface. Much interestingly, the surfaces of SiO 2 nanospheres could be regarded as double-sided surfaces with paraboloid-like arrays which offered a gradual refractive index between air and the surface of SiO 2 . This SiO 2 array was used as biomimetic antireflective structure (ARS) for enhanced transmission. In addition, with the change of oxygen flow rate, VO 2 @SiO 2 array exhibited adjustable preferred orientation and more uniform grains compared with planar film. More importantly, VO 2 film deposited on ARS array showed enhanced transmittance which would be important for future applications in smart windows. | eng_Latn | 9,207 |
A comparative study of compact finite volume methods for the 3-D diffusion equations with finite difference ADI and SOR | Recently developed Compact Finite Difference scheme (CPT) is applied to two dimensional diffusion equations. The relative merits of CPT-ADI are investigated with other computational schemes such as finite difference method ADI (FDM-ADI) and FDM-SOR. The numerical results obtained from these three approaches are compared to known analytical solutions. The primary interest of this study lies on vectorization and parallel processing. According to our results shown in tables 1 CPT-ADI is found to be superior scheme with regards to accuracy, than both FDM-ADI and FDM-SOR. It is also fastest algorithm than both FDM-ADI and FDM-SOR as it is evident from CPU times. | Organic contamination adsorbed on 200 mm silicon wafers was characterized using various analytical techniques. Surface hydrophobicity, apparent optical thickness and electrical surface charge are used to characterize the silicon surface state. They only give information on total organic contamination. MIR-FTIR is very sensitive for detecting CH2 and CH3 contained in organics on silicon wafers. TOF-SIMS is quite sensitive and enables some of the organics to be recognized by identifying the molecule fragments. TDGC-MS is the most relevant technique to identify organic contamination on silicon wafers as extensive identification libraries exist. | eng_Latn | 9,208 |
Studies on a Phytohemagglutinin from the Lentil II. MULTIPLE FORMS OF LENS CULINARIS HEMAGGLUTININ | Abstract Two electrophoretically distinguishable hemagglutinins, Lens culinaris A (LcH-A) and L. culinaris B (LcH-B), have been obtained from the common lentil L. culinaris in homogeneous forms. Each protein had a molecular weight of 49,000, and each consisted of two identical polypeptide chains of 24,500 molecular weight. The proteins were immunochemically indistinguishable and had identical hemagglutinin activity and very similar compositions. LcH-B contained 4 more lysine residues per molecule than LcH-A, accounting for their different electrophoretic properties. Peptide mapping indicated that both proteins have a large majority of common primary sequence with small areas of unique sequence. Individual lentil seeds all contained both LcH-A and LcH-B, but with varying proportions depending on the source of the lentils. | This paper presents a methodology and validation of print-and-self-fold electric devices. For printing functional structures for robotic use, we realize electric circuitry based on metallic polyester film (MPF). By exploiting the unique material properties of MPF, we developed fundamental electric devices, namely a resistor, capacitor, and inductor. The developed polyvinyl chloride laminated MPF sheet shows reliable selffolding processes under a heat application, and it configures 3D electric devices. Due to the pre-resolved kinematic design, these devices feature elasticity, making them suitable as sensors and actuators in soft circuits. Here we testify to a self-assembled variable resistor and capacitive strain sensor. An actuation mechanism consisting of a folded contractible coil is also considered and shown. Finally, an RLC circuit obtained from the integration of all the developed devices is demonstrated, in which the coil based actuator is controlled by reading a variable capacitive strain sensor. | yue_Hant | 9,209 |
Development of microsatellite markers for Callicarpa subpubescens (Lamiaceae), an endemic species of the Bonin Islands | ABSTRACTExpressed sequence tagged (EST) microsatellite (SSR) markers were newly developed for Callicarpa subpubescens, a species endemic to the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands of Japan, to investigate ge... | Abstract A new type of bifluorophoric molecule consisting of two heterocycle-linked coumarin fluorophors is studied. A high laser efficiency, a broad tunability range and good photostability for two synthesized biscoumarins are observed. One of the proposed biscoumarins covers the green spectral region where the efficiency of known laser dyes is relatively low. | eng_Latn | 9,210 |
Quantitative analysis of molecularly stacked layer structures in supported organic thin films by synchrotron grazing-incidence X-ray scattering | In this study, we derive a grazing-incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) formula to analyze quantitatively GIXS patterns for molecularly stacked layer structures in substrate-supported nanoscale thin films. We apply this formula in the quantitative analysis of GIXS patterns obtained for S-docosanylcysteine thin films on silicon substrates with native oxide layers. This analysis successfully provides information on the structural parameters and orientation of the molecular layer stack developed in S-docosanylcysteine thin films. | Refrigeration of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa L. seeds eventuates in a crystalline substance. The chemical structure of the compound was drawn from its chemical behaviour, as well as from its UV, IR, PMR and mass spectral data. The compound was found to be thymohydroquinone: confirmation of the structure was established via the preparation of its corresponding diacetate ester. The compound was found to have high antimicrobial effect against gram positive microorganisms | eng_Latn | 9,211 |
An electrochemical and optical study of the rupture and restoration of the passivating HgO multilayer on a dropping mercury electrode in aqueous 1 M NaOH solution at anodic potentials | It is shown that the passivating layer on the surface of a dropping mercury electrode in 1 M NaOH at anodic potentials due to drop growth continuously is being mechanically ruptured and electrochemically repaired. This phenomenon is studied by means of microscopy, reflectometry and polarography. The latter technique allows current spikes to be measured. The relation between faradaic current during such a spike and time is discussed. | The present invention provides a sealing liquid which does not contain a nickel salt but is capable of achieving a sealing performance equivalent to that in cases where a sealing liquid containing a nickel salt is used, and which enables an anodic oxide coating film sealed therewith to exhibit excellent contamination resistance. ::: The present invention provides a sealing liquid for anodic oxide coating films of aluminum alloys, which contains a metal salt, a pH buffering agent and a surfactant, and which is characterized in that the metal salt is at least one salt selected from among alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts. | eng_Latn | 9,212 |
Electrochemical measurement of high concentrations of UCl3 and GdCl3 in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic | Abstract Electrochemical methods have been developed to measure metal ion concentrations in spent nuclear fuel electrorefiner by correlating concentration with current response. Analytes UCl3 and GdCl3 were studied in LiCl-KCl eutectic solvent at 773 K. A mixture matrix, which consisted of varying concentrations of UCl3 and GdCl3 from 1 to 10 wt% and from 1 to 3 wt%, respectively, was tested. Optimized normal pulse voltammetry (NPV) measurements were made on this mixture matrix and used for the concentration correlations. The accuracy of the prediction was improved by including solution resistance compensation and minimizing the working electrode surface area. The presence of GdCl3 showed no effect on the U3+ NPV reduction current, but high U concentrations affected the Gd3+ NPV reduction current. This is speculated to be due to increased migrational current in the molten salt mixture. The average relative measurement errors obtained were 1.6% and 2.7% for UCl3 and GdCl3 respectively. | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,213 |
FT-i.r. study of molecular interactions of olefins with oxide surfaces | Abstract The FT-i.r. spectra of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene adsorbed on amorphous silica at 200 K, on NaY-zeolite at 220 K and on TiO2 at 300 K have been recorded. In such conditions only molecular adsorption is detected, thought to take place on the surface hydroxy groups of silica, whose νOH band is correspondingly perturbed, and on Na+ and Ti4+ exposed sites of NaY-zeolite and titania respectively. The spectra show that characteristic frequency and intensity perturbations and i.r.-activation of normally forbidden modes occur, which may be utilized to distinguish such molecular adsorbed species from the products of reactive adsorption. | Frequency offset affects the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system. The FRFT based OFDM is considered in this article to minimize this affect. The expressions of signal to interference ratio (SIR) due to inter carrier interference (ICI) has been derived for frequency selective fading channel and doubly selective fading channels (Time frequency selective fading channels) for FRFT based OFDM system. The simulation analysis validate that FRFT based OFDM systems has superior SIR performances by choosing the optimal fractional factor than the standard OFDM system, for a large carrier offset exists in the system. | eng_Latn | 9,214 |
[The antiphospholipid syndrome]. | The author summarized contemporary findings on anti-phospholipid autoantibodies, their different types and probable site of action. This autoimmune phenomenon produces some typical clinical symptoms which made it necessary to describe them as the so-called anti-phospholipid syndrome. If concurrently some autoimmune disease is present, in particular lupus erythematosus , this syndrome is considered "secondary". If this is not the case, it is assumed that the "primary form" is involved. The author suggests diagnostic criteria and in large groups of patients suffering from SLE the true prevalence of different symptoms of this syndrome is tested with participation of anti-phospholipid antibodies. | ABSTRACTThe transistor size needs to be reduced as the pixel density of the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display increases for mobile application. Drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), however, hinders the further channel length reduction of low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin-film transistors (TFTs), which leads to severe mura of the OLED display for the low-gray level. The two-dimensional device simulation analysis showed that the potential energy barrier for the holes in the p-channel TFT decreases as the drain voltage intensifies from −1 to −10 V. The barrier lowering becomes severe as the channel length is reduced from 5 to 2 µm, but it does not have any noticeable dependency on the grain size variation from 0.3 to 0.5 µm. It was also found that the degree of DIBL varies considerably depending on the position of the grain boundary even for the same grain size, as the channel length is reduced. It was determined from the analysis that was conducted in this study that the deviat... | eng_Latn | 9,215 |
Direct deposition of gold nanoparticles onto polymer beads and glucose oxidation with H2O2. | Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were deposited directly from aqueous solution of diethylenediaminegold(III) complex onto polymer beads commercially available, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and polyaniline (PANI) without surface modification. The dropwise addition of NaBH4 to reduce Au(III) was found to be very effective to obtain small Au0 NPs with a narrow size distribution except for PANI. The catalytic performance of Au NPs deposited on polymer beads for H2O2 decomposition and glucose oxidation with H2O2 were more significantly affected by the kinds of polymer supports than by the size of Au NPs. The equimolar oxidation of glucose with H2O2 could be operated by controlling the decomposition rate of H2O2 over Au/PMMA. | A novel heat-sinking, self-referencing fiber optic emission probe having a sapphire fiber probe head is described. The laser heating effect in a GaAs wafer (on a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) platform) has been measured with the probe in both the noncontact proximity mode and the contact mode. The GaAs/PTFE composite was selected to simulate the thermal conductivity of animal tissues. It was found that for the same laser power delivered to the wafer, the temperature rise in the contact mode was only 42% of that in the proximity mode. Additionally, a demonstration of the self-referencing capability of the probe is also presented. | eng_Latn | 9,216 |
Fiber optic wide region temperature sensing system | A fiber optic wide region temperature sensing system based on optical pulse correlation measurement and SHG ::: differential detection technique is proposed and demonstrated. In order to establish the reliability of this fiber optic ::: temperature sensing system, a long-term wide region outside temperature monitoring experiment with a new ::: designed 20ps time-bias optical pulse correlation unit for wide measurement rang was carried out. The temperature ::: measured by means of a correlation sensor had the same variation as and higher sensitivity and quick measurement ::: response than the digital thermometer. The resolution of the correlation sensor is approximately ±0.01 o C . This fiber ::: optic temperature sensor can measure even in very tough environment and low and high temperature range. Not only ::: point temperature but also a field area average temperature can monitor by this system. | A b s t r a c t One of the main issues in oil palm plantation is the infection of Ganoderma boninense causing basal stem rot disease. Huge monetary losses were reported in the industry by the main producer countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia. Many efforts have been carried out to detect the fungus at the early stage of infection with less practical achievement so far. Recently, detection of the pathogenic fungi using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has been investigated by the authors. This paper examines the sensitivity of the detection method and correlates the results with the practicality in field scenario. It was found that percentage content of G. boninense cells in oil palm tissues of 5% is detectable using FTIR technique. The results presented in this study indicated that FTIR could be a solution to early detection of G. boninense infection in oil palm especially if the instrument can be made portable and robust for field application. | eng_Latn | 9,217 |
High-Resolution Light-Field Microscopy | We report a high-resolution light-field microscopy (LFM) system using a focused optical design. The system has been characterized both numerically and experimentally. 3D volumetric imaging of cellular structures has been demonstrated. | Abstract Two electrophoretically distinguishable hemagglutinins, Lens culinaris A (LcH-A) and L. culinaris B (LcH-B), have been obtained from the common lentil L. culinaris in homogeneous forms. Each protein had a molecular weight of 49,000, and each consisted of two identical polypeptide chains of 24,500 molecular weight. The proteins were immunochemically indistinguishable and had identical hemagglutinin activity and very similar compositions. LcH-B contained 4 more lysine residues per molecule than LcH-A, accounting for their different electrophoretic properties. Peptide mapping indicated that both proteins have a large majority of common primary sequence with small areas of unique sequence. Individual lentil seeds all contained both LcH-A and LcH-B, but with varying proportions depending on the source of the lentils. | eng_Latn | 9,218 |
Absolute Stereochemistry of Neohalicholactone from the Brown Alga Laminaria sinclairii | Phytochemical analysis of an extract from the brown alga Laminaria sinclairii led to the isolation of neohalicholactone, a cyclopropyl-containing oxylipin previously isolated from a marine sponge, Halichondria okadai. Unequivocal stereochemical analysis of the C-15 hydroxyl group showed this isolate to be of opposite overall absolute stereochemistry compared to that proposed for halicholactone, a related compound from the sponge, and by our inference, sponge-derived neohalicholactone. Comparison of chiroptical data for all three compounds indicates the absolute stereochemistry of the sponge compounds is most probably opposite to that previously proposed. | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,219 |
Static and scanning array detection in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. | An array detection system based on position- and time-resolved ion counting was evaluated for capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry using continuous-flow fast atom bombardment and a liquid-junction coupling. Peptides with molecular masses up to 3200 were measured. A 100-1000-fold improvement over conventional detection was demonstrated by applying the array detector in scanning and static modes. Absolute detection limits in the range 1-5 fmol are achievable. | This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Identification of the Best Linear Approximation Using Random Excitations Generation of Uncertainty Bounds? Identification of the Best Linear Approximation Using Periodic Excitations Advises and Conclusions ]]> | eng_Latn | 9,220 |
Spectral Response of Photocurrent in Glassy and Crystalline Ag-Rich Ag–As(Ge)–S Compounds | Photocurrent in Ag–As(Ge)–S glasses of 16–45 at% Ag and the related crystals sandwiched between Au films has been measured to reveal the electronic band structure of Ag-rich glasses. The intensity was found to increase exponentially with increasing Ag content. The peak energy of the spectral response was greater by 0.5 eV than the optical gap for all the glasses. The results suggest that the Ag–S bonding states in Ag-rich glasses form the valence band, and the peak of photocurrent spectra lies at around the mobility edge of the valence band. | Abstract We have devised a protocol for the isolation and identification of a proliferative antigen of the initial cells of wheat stem meristems (termed PAI). We have carried out a variety of immunochemical and immunocytochemical methods, using colloidal gold (CG) complexed with monospecific antibodies to PAI as the marker for the detection of PAI. We have been able to determine the effectiveness of immunoaffinity chromatography in isolating PAI from plant tissues and have shown the advantages of CG over enzyme labels for identification of the antigen. Finally, we have obtained a purified preparation of PAI and have determined its molecular mass (∼83 kDa). | eng_Latn | 9,221 |
Long Term Selection of Reference Frame Sub-Blocks using MPEG-7 Indexing Metadata | Traditionally, video indexing and compression have been considered as two separate functionalities. However, the high amount of available multimedia content creates the need for multimedia services to consider both the compression and the indexing aspects of the content in order to efficiently manage it. Therefore, it is interesting to find new techniques that efficiently exploit the indexing/compression information in order to improve the compression/indexing capabilities of the content. This paper focusses on the development of one technique where the compression efficiency of the H.264 encoder is increased by the use of standard indexing information, called indexing metadata. This indexing metadata, even if extracted or generated to support indexing capabilities, can be exploited to enhance current standard video codecs such as H.264. | We report on the role of molecular diffusivity in the formation of nonlinearly growing polyelectrolyte multilayers (nlPEMs). Electrostatically bound polyelectrolyte multilayers were assembled from poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) as a polyanion and quaternized poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (QPC) as a polycation. Film growth as measured by ellipsometry was strongly dependent on the time allowed for each polymer deposition step, suggesting that the diffusivities of the components are crucial in controlling the rate of film growth. Uptake of polyelectrolytes within nlPEMs was relatively slow and occurred on time scales ranging from minutes to hours, depending on the film thickness. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements with nlPEM films exposed to aqueous solutions exhibited high (severalfold) degrees of film swelling and different swelling values for films exposed to QPC or PMAA solutions. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the average ionization of film-assembled PMAA increased upon binding of QPC and... | kor_Hang | 9,222 |
Novel Pyrazolopyrimidopyridazinones with Potent and Selective Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) Inhibitory Activity as Potential Agents for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction | Pyrazolo[1',5':1,6]pyrimido[4,5-d]pyridazin-4(3H)-ones and their analogues, potentially useful for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5). Several compounds showed IC 50 values in the low nanomolar range, and in particular, compound 5r, displaying high potency toward PDE5 (IC 50 = 8.3 nM) and high selectivity versus PDE6 (240-fold) appeared to be a very promising new lead both in comparison with the potent but not selective sildenafil and in comparison with some analogues previously reported by us. SAR studies in this triheterocyclic scaffold led us to conclude that the best arranged groups are a methyl in position 1, a benzyl in position 3, a phenyl in position 9, and a linear four-carbon chain in position 6. | Abstract A new gas sensor based on the differential mode excitation photoacoustic (DME-PA) technique is presented. The DME-PA method utilizes the selective excitation of two different modes in a resonant photoacoustic cell and the gas concentration is derived from the amplitude ratio of these acoustic modes. The presented device has only one cell that acts as both sample and photoacoustic cell and uses a current-modulated near-infrared light emitting diode as excitation source. No power-meter is required for PA signal normalization. The new DME-PA sensor was tested with water vapour yielding a ±250 ppm uncertainty for the water vapour content of ambient air. | eng_Latn | 9,223 |
Extraction efficiency enhancement in GaN-based light emitters grown on a holographically nano-patterned sapphire substrate | Weobserved overtwo-fold enhancement inlight extraction efficiency fromGaN-based light emitters grownonanano-patterned sapphire substrate. Nano-hole array patterns were generated bylaser holography, which enabled alarge area process with high throughput. | Protein immobilization in a specific conformation or orientation at an interface is influenced by specific interactions with the outer layer of the surface. A strategy to build-up a complex construct which is able to orient protein molecules, based on metal-cation chelation processes, is reported. The proposed methodology implies the formation of a mercaptoundecanoic acid monolayer on a gold surface that is activated to attach covalently the tripeptide glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine (GHK) on the surface, whose sites are then employed to chelate copper ions, providing a selective platform for the orientation of human serum albumin (HSA) molecules. The protein adsorption process on GHK and GHK–Cu(II)-complex surfaces was monitored by the in situ quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and force spectroscopy technique. The changes in frequency and dissipation factor as well as the D–f plots from QCM-D measurements help to characterize the changes in the protein conformation and are confir... | eng_Latn | 9,224 |
Partial purification and characterization of Loligo vulgaris hatching enzyme obtained from hatching medium | 1. ::: 1. The hatching medium of Loligo vulgaris contains a protease which is absent in perivitelline fluid (PVF) during embryonic development and in sea water. ::: ::: 2. ::: 2. As the enzyme is released by the emrbyos just before and during hatching, it can therefore be defined as the hatching enzyme. ::: ::: 3. ::: 3. The protease has a pH optimum of 8.5 and is probably a metalloprotease. ::: ::: 4. ::: 4. Proteolytic activity was completely lost after being frozen and thawed three times or after more than 4 months storage at −20°C. | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,225 |
Ultrasensitive Immunosensor for Cardiac Troponin I Detection Based on the Electrochemiluminescence of 2D Ru-MOF Nanosheets | Electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-functionalized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing attention in biosensing in virtue of their diverse and tunable optical properties. A famous ECL luminophore, carboxyl-rich tris(4,4′-dicarboxylic acid-2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) (Ru(dcbpy)32+), possesses the characteristics of good water solubility and excellent ECL performance and also has the potential to be the organic ligand of metal–organic frameworks. Herein, functionalized MOF nanosheets (RuMOFNSs) containing plenty of Ru(dcbpy)32+ in the frameworks were synthesized in aqueous solution by a simple one-pot method. In this protocol, Ru(dcbpy)32+ acted as organic ligand to coordinate with Zn2+ originated from Zn(NO3)2, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as structure-directing agent to control the formation of sheetlike structure. For practical application, a “signal-on” ECL immunosensor was designed for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) detection by employing RuMOFNSs as ECL probe. The immunosensor ... | There is an increasing need in modern cities for automated Crowd Condition Monitoring (CCM) in order to provide continuous real-time on-line information regarding the density, number and movement behaviour of crowd within a specific area in order to allow the required level of services and facilities to be specified and directed. This paper describes the novel application of low-cost infrared system for estimating people’s density using infrared thermography. Sensor fusion system is developed to compensate for environmental noise. The results show that the suggested monitoring system could provide an efficient method to estimate crowd’s density. | eng_Latn | 9,226 |
Determination of nitric acid in ambient air by gas chromatography/photoionization detection after collection in a denuder | A technique, adaptable to automation, has been applied to monitoring ambient concentrations of HNO3. HNO3 is preconcentrated and separated from particulate nitrate by sampling air through a diffusion tube (denuder) coated with Al2(SO4)3. The HNO3 collected is released as NO x by thermal desorption. Then NO x is converted into NO and analysed selectively by gas chromatography/photoionization detection. The minimum detectable concentration (defined as three times the standard deviation of the denuder blank) was 0.014 μg/m3 for a 30-L sample. Results for ambient air sampling with a minimum time resolution of 30 min are presented. No decrease in collecting efficiency was observed for denuders passing 30 sampling runs in ambient air for a minimum sampling duration of 30 min. The precision of the determination of HNO3 concentrations in ambient air, expressed as the relative standard deviation, is in the range of 6-15%. | Smart windows with controllable visible and near-infrared light transmittance can significantly improve the building’s energy efficiency and inhabitant comfort. However, most of the current smart window technology cannot achieve the target of ideal solar control. Herein, we present a novel all-solution-processed hybrid micronano composite smart material that have four optical states to separately modulate the visible and NIR light transmittance through voltage and temperature, respectively. This dual-band optical modulation was achieved by constructing a phase-separated polymer framework, which contains the microsized liquid crystals domains with a negative dielectric constant and tungsten-doped vanadium dioxide (W-VO2) nanocrystals (NCs). The film with 2.5 wt % W-VO2 NCs exhibits transparency at normal condition, and the passage of visible light can be reversibly and actively regulated between 60.8% and 1.3% by external applied voltage. Also, the transmittance of NIR light can be reversibly and passively... | eng_Latn | 9,227 |
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EFFECTS OF HYPOTHALAMIC PEPTIDES | Intravenous (i.v.) administration of TRF (1 mg⁄kg) increases the LD50 of pentobarbital (PB) by 25% while the same dose of somatostatin results in a 30% reduction in PB LD50. A similar increase of PB LD50 by TRF was observed in hypophysectomized rats. Mortality was completely abolished in rats receiving TRF (1 mg⁄kg) ten minutes after a lethal dose of PB (120 mg⁄kg). Somatostatin (1 mg⁄kg) decreases strychnine-induced seizure duration and increases strychnine LD50 by 21% while TRF lowers the strychnine LD50 by 28%. These observations are consistent with central nervous system sites of action for TRF and somatostatin. | Despite the young age of the research field, substantial progress has been made in the study of metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (HPNCs). Just as their thin-film counterparts are used for light absorption in solar cells, they are on the way to revolutionizing research on novel chromophores for light emission applications. Exciting physics arising from their peculiar structural, electronic, and excitonic properties are being discovered with breathtaking speed. Many things we have learned from the study of conventional semiconductor quantum dots (CSQDs) of II–VI (e.g., CdSe), IV–VI (e.g., PbS), and III–V (e.g., InP) compounds have to be thought over, as HPNCs behave differently. This Feature Article compares both families of nanocrystals and then focuses on approaches for substituting toxic heavy metals without sacrificing the unique optical properties as well as on surface coating strategies for enhancing the long-term stability. | yue_Hant | 9,228 |
Microdomain size determination in Langmuir-Blodgett films of fatty acid binary mixtures | Quantitative determination of individual microdomain sizes in Langmuir-Blodgett films of fatty acid binary mixtures has been accomplished using IR spectroscopy. Calculations based on the magnitude of the CH 2 and CD 2 scissoring band splitting showed that the protiated fatty acid domains consists of 80 to 100 chains for a lignoceric acid and deuterated stearic acid binary mixture. The domain size decreases as the chain length difference of the components decreases. The largest domains occur when the protiated fatty acid is the major component and the chain length difference is the greatest. | We report a high-resolution light-field microscopy (LFM) system using a focused optical design. The system has been characterized both numerically and experimentally. 3D volumetric imaging of cellular structures has been demonstrated. | eng_Latn | 9,229 |
Bioorthogonal metabolic cellular DNA labelling using vinyl thioether modified thymidine and o-quinolinone quinone methide | Bioorthogonal metabolic DNA labeling with fluorochromes is a powerful strategy to visualize DNA molecules and their functions. Here, we report the development of a new DNA metabolic labeling strategy enabled by the catalyst-free bioorthogonal ligation using vinyl thioether modified thymidine and o-quinolinone quinone methide. With the newly designed vinyl thioether-modified thymidine (VTdT), we added labeling tags on cellular DNA, which could further be linked to fluorochromes in cells. Therefore, we successfully visualized the DNA localization within cells as well as single DNA molecules without other staining reagents. In addition, we further characterized this bioorthogonal DNA metabolic labeling using DNase I digestion, MS characterization of VTdT as well as VTdT-oQQF conjugate in cell nuclei or mitochondria. This technique provides a powerful strategy to study DNA in cells, which paves the way to achieve future spatiotemporal deciphering of DNA synthesis and functions. | Abstract MBE regrowth on MOVPE grown InP and InGaAsP (1.06 μm) layers was found to demand appropriate surface treatment for not sacrificing epitaxial growth performance. Wet chemical etching using a sulphuric acid based solution as well as surface oxidation using UV light/ozone exposure were found to give very satisfactory and basically equivalent results. Particularly with the quaternary material, both methods prove to be destructive in that a non-neglible amount of material is removed from the surface. The removed thickness tends, however, to be smaller with the UV/ozone based process, an advantage, which becomes especially aparent in the presence of lower band gap InGaAs(P) layers which are strongly attacked by the sulphuric acid etchant. | eng_Latn | 9,230 |
Isolation and Enrichment of Pathogens with a Surface-Modified Aluminium Chip for Raman Spectroscopic Applications | We developed a Raman-compatible chip for isolating microorganisms from complex media. The isolation of bacteria is achieved by using antibodies as capture molecules. Due to the very specific interaction with the targets, this approach is promising for isolation of bacteria even from complex matrices such as body fluids. Our choice of capture molecules also enabled the investigation of samples containing yet unidentified bacteria, as the antibodies can capture a large variety of bacteria based on their analogue cell wall surface structures. The capability of our system is demonstrated for a broad range of different Gram-positive and Gram-negative germs. Subsequent identification is done by recording Raman spectra of the bacteria. Further, it is shown that classification with chemometric methods is possible. | We propose and analyse three different power selection schemes for slotted ALOHA random access protocol operating under multiple power levels. Through analysis and numerical examples we demonstrate that these schemes can significantly improve the performance of slotted ALOHA, in terms of throughput and stability, under heavy load. The proposed schemes are truly distributive in nature and can be easily implemented in wireless access systems without requiring any centralised control. | eng_Latn | 9,231 |
Polarizer and Diffusing Retroreflector Integration for Hands-Free Switching Telescopic Contact Lens | We describe the fabrication and characterization of telescopic scleral contact lenses with embedded orthogonal polarizers over the 1x and 2.8x paths, and a diffusing retro-reflector, used with liquid crystal shutter glasses providing wink-controlled hands-free switching. | FTIR spectroscopy in combination with multivariate calibrations, i.e. partial least square (PLS) and ::: principle component regression (PCR) was developed for quantitative analysis of cod liver oil (CLO) in binary ::: mixture with corn oil (CO). The spectra of CLO, CO and their blends with certain concentrations were scanned ::: using horizontal attenuated total reflectance (HATR) accessory at mid infrared (MIR) region of 4,000 – 650 ::: cm-1. The optimal spectral treatments selected for calibration models were based on its ability to provide the ::: highest values of coefficient of determination (R2 ::: ) and the lowest values of root mean error of calibration ::: (RMSEC). PLS was slightly well suited for quantitative analysis of CLO compared to PCR. FTIR spectroscopy ::: in combination with multivariate calibration offers rapid, no excessive chemical reagent, and easy in operational ::: to be applied for determination of CLO in binary mixture with other oils. | eng_Latn | 9,232 |
Enhancing insulin action: From chemical elements to thiazolidinediones | Type 2 diabetes is characterized by two fundamental biological defects: a reduced glucose-dependent insulin secretion and an increased resistance to the action of insulin at the level of various target tissues. While the use of agents to improve the insulin secretory activity of the islets of Langerhans has witnessed the flourishing of several new drugs over the years, a much greater difficulty has been experienced in the search for insulin-sensitizing drugs. The aim of this article is to critically review this topic, and to emphasize the importance of providing alternative strategies for the management of Type 2 diabetes. | Abstract Photosensitivity based practical applications of chalcogenide glasses such as high resolution inorganic photoresists require thorough understanding of the relations between the glass structure and the etching kinetics. In this paper we report on the selective wet etching of thermally evaporated As2Se3 thin films carried out using amine based solutions. The relation between photo- and thermo-induced structural changes in thin As2Se3 films and the decrease of the etching rate, increase of the etching process' activation energy respectively, was determined. | eng_Latn | 9,233 |
Correlation between photoluminescence N-InP and morphology of Cu electrodeposition | This paper features electrodeposition of Cu on n-InP, studied by in situ photoluminescence (PL), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Two regimes of potentiostatic deposition are observed with PL and AFM that are correlated with marked differences on XPS surveys. These two behaviours are correlated to different coverages of initial nuclei densities. | The present invention is directed to phosphatidylinositol or lysophosphatidylinositol concentration indicators relates to efficacy evaluation method of a medicament having a therapeutic or prophylactic effect for a disease EL activity is associated. Further, the present invention relates to a kit for use in screening methods and method of the EL active inhibitors using phosphatidylinositol. | eng_Latn | 9,234 |
Achieving rapid low-pressure ion chromatography separations on short silica-based monolithic columns. | Short silica-based monolithic columns (0.5-1 cm) are coated with the surfactant didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and used for fast ion exchange separations of small inorganic anions. Sources of extra-column band broadening are assessed and minimized to obtain separations of seven analytes (iodate, chloride, nitrate, bromide, nitrite, phosphate, sulphate) in two minutes at 2 mL/min. Eluents used are 6 and 9 mM 4-cyanophenol at pH 7.3-7.4 or 5 mM 4-hydroxybenzoic acid at pH 5.6. DDAB coating stability is improved by 15-fold by the addition of a DDAB coated pre-column before the injection valve. Separations are obtained using a low-pressure glass syringe. | For the early diagnosis of several diseases, various biomarkers have been discovered and utilized through the measurement of concentrations in body fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva. The most representative analytical method for biomarker detection is an immunosensor, which exploits the specific antigen-antibody immunoreaction. Among diverse analytical methods, surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based immunosensors are emerging as a potential detection platform due to high sensitivity, selectivity, and intuitive features. Particularly, SPR-based immunosensors could detect biomarkers without labeling of a specific detection probe, as typical immunosensors such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) use enzymes like horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In this review, SPR-based immunosensors utilizing noble metals such as Au and Ag as SPR-inducing factors for the measurement of different types of protein biomarkers, including viruses, microbes, and extracellular vesicles (EV), are briefly introduced. | eng_Latn | 9,235 |
Anti-waveguiding vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser at 850 nm: From concept to advances in high-speed data transmission. | Oxide-confined vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) with anti-waveguiding AlAs-rich core presently attract a lot of attention. Anti-waveguiding cavity enables the maximum possible optical confinement of the VCSEL mode ("λ/2 design"), increases its oscillator strength and reduces dramatically the optical power accumulated in the VCSEL mesa regions outside the aperture. VCSEL designs are suggested that favor single transverse mode operation. Modeling including current-induced and absorption-induced overheating shows that the preference for the transverse fundamental mode persists up to 10 mA current at 5 µm aperture diameter. Error-free data transmission is realized up to 160 Gb/s in digital-multitone (DMT) format using single-mode anti-waveguiding VCSELs. The approach to single-mode anti-waveguiding VCSELs is extended over a broad spectral range realizing error-free high-speed data transmission at both 850 nm and 910 nm. | A simple method for obtaining laser mass spectra (LMS) of liquids is described using a nitrocellulose membrane or fibrous material as the sample substrate. Laser mass spectra of liquids are presented along with those of solutes in aqueous systems. The use of a liquid matrix with the laser soft ionization method enhances molecular ion formation. Results are presented for charge-transfer derivatization and the influence of solution pH on LMS. | eng_Latn | 9,236 |
High-resolution imaging of 2D outer membrane protein F crystals by atomic force microscopy. | In this chapter the methodological bases are provided to achieve subnanometer resolution on two-dimensional (2D) membrane protein crystals by atomic force microscopy (AFM). This is outlined in detail with the example of AFM studies of the outer membrane protein F (OmpF) from the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli). We describe in detail the high-resolution imaging of 2D OmpF crystals in aqueous solution and under near-physiological conditions. The topographs of OmpF, and stylus effects and artifacts encountered when imaging by AFM are discussed. | Abstract By varying the conditions of reacting methylhistamine, histamine, histidine, 3-methylhistidine, 1-methylhistidine, methylimidazoleacetic acid, and imidazoleacetic acid with NBS and OPD, fluorophors are obtained which could be exploited for the measurement of these substances in biological material. | eng_Latn | 9,237 |
Study on Fingerprint Condition of Capillary Electrophoresis in Sarcandra | Objective:To study on fingerprint condition of capillary electrophoresis(CE) in Sarcandra.Method:Study on following effect factors:composite of buffer,the pH of buffer,division voltage,division temperature,injection volume and additive.Results:The buffer was 7.5 mmol·L-1 borat and sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution containing 8% acetonitrile and 0.8 mmol·L-1 β-CD.The pH of the buffer was adjusted 8.39 with HCl solution.The detection wavelength was 340 nm and a voltage of 17 kV was applied.The sample hydrodynamic injection was 2.76kPa with a duration time of 3 sec.Conclusion:The best fingerprint condition of CE in Sarcandra could be established. | One snapshot of the peer review process for “Decomposing Cell Identity for Transfer Learning across Cellular Measurements, Platforms, Tissues, and Species” ( Stein-O’Brien et al., 2019 ). | eng_Latn | 9,238 |
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Spectromicroscopy of Supported Lipid Bilayers. | The C 1s, O 1s, and N 1s X-ray absorption spectra of three lipid species, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (chloride salt) (DOTAP), have been recorded using transmission detection in a scanning transmission X-ray microscope. The spectra are presented on an absolute intensity scale (i.e., optical density per nm) to allow their use as reference standards for spectromicroscopic analysis of supported lipid bilayers. Examples of C 1s based spectromicroscopic mapping of saturated and unsaturated domains in dry lipid bilayers of DOPC and DSPC at several compositions are presented. The results are compared with fluorescence microscopy of the same area. Challenges for extending this work to studies of wet lipid bilayers interacting with antimicrobial peptides are discussed. | Alkali antimonide compounds perform well as photoemissive materials in photodetectors. A number of band-structure calculations have been reported in recent years on binary compounds; however the ternary alkali antimonides (those that involve two different alkali metal atoms) were most successfully applied. The band structure reported here explains the properties of the K2CsSb compound in ultraviolet light detectors, and discusses the properties of Cs2KSb for potential use as a detector cathode in the visible light region. | eng_Latn | 9,239 |
[The use of monolaurates for removing endotoxins from preparations of cell-free pertussis vaccine]. | The possibility of using monolaurates for removing endotoxin from acellular pertussis vaccines developed at the Laboratory of Immunomodulators, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera (Moscow), has been studied. Monolaurates PEG-400 and PEG-600 obtained, respectively, from Fluka Chemie AG and Ferak GmbH (Germany) have been used. The use of monolaurate PEG-600 ensures the decrease of the toxicity of acellular pertussis vaccines by 2.34-6.3 times. | A high resolution, laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometer (LITOF-MS) was used to study lead borate glasses and crystals. This technique provides valuable information about glass structure, including the superstructural network units. Several structural units were identified and we found evidence of a lead substructure beginning to form in the glass with increased lead content. | eng_Latn | 9,240 |
[Visceral leishmaniasis in Niger: six new parasitologically confirmed cases]. | From January 1992 to January 1995, six cases of Kala-azar have been observed in young soldiers at Niamey, Niger. All the patients had spent some time at Tin-Galene, in Aïr mountains, Northern Niger where they had been apparently contaminated. One patient was also infected with Salmonella and an other with Mycobacterium, but none of the six was positive for HIV. The 6 cases have been confirmed by the presence of Leishmania in the sternum bone-marrow. Four patients recovered after a treatment with Glucantime; two died because the treatment was too late. In Niger, Kala-azar prevalence is probably much higher than estimated previously. So far all the cases described or suspected were in the Saharan mountains of Aïr. The strains have not been typed and it is not possible to state if it is L. infantum or L. donovani. The vector of the two species Ph. orientalis and Ph. alexandri are known to occur in the area. | We introduce a “non-noble metal” based SERS active nanobiosensor using a self-assembled 3D hybrid nickel nanonetwork. A tunable biomolecule detector fabricated by a bottom-up approach was functionalized using a multiphoton ionization energy mechanism to create a self-assembled 3D hybrid nickel nanonetwork. The nanonetwork was tested for SERS detection of crystal violet (CV) and glutathione (GSH) at two excitation wavelengths, 532 and 785 nm. The results reveal indiscernible peaks with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 picomolar (pM) concentration. An enhancement factor (EF) of 9.3 × 108 was achieved for the chemical molecule CV and 1.8 × 109 for the biomolecule GSH, which are the highest reported values so far. The two results, one being the CV molecule proved that nickel nanonetwork is indeed SERS active and the second being the GSH biomolecule detection at both 532 and 785 nm, confirm that the nanonetwork is a biosensor which has potential for both in vivo and in vitro sensing. In addition, the selectivit... | eng_Latn | 9,241 |
Screening of aptamers to HIV-P24 | Objective To screen aptamers to HIV-P24 through SELEX technique for the diagnosis and therapy of AIDS.Methods With recombinant P24 for the screening target,oligonucleotides binding to HIV-P24 were screened from a random oligonucleotide library through SELEX technique.The binding capacity between oligonucleotides obtained from the 12th round of screening and HIV-P24 was identified via electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA).The aptamers strongly binding to HIV-P24 were screened and the recognition specificity of aptamers for HIV-P24 was detected by Dot-blot method.Results Five aptamers with high affinity to HIV-P24 were obtained with different sequences.The binding specificity showed that No.18 and No.26 apatmers only bound to HIV-P24,not to human serum albumin,bovine serum albumin and skimmed milk powder.Conclusions Two aptamers specially binding to HIV-P24 were obtained,and thus provides an experimental basis for the diagnosis and treatment of AIDS by utilizing aptamer of HIV-P24. | The present conference on airborne reconnaissance discusses topics in imagery exploitation, reconsystem modeling and analysis, and reconnaissance optics and electronics configurations. Attention is given to airborne minefield detection, the optimization of an IR linescanner for RPV operations, real-time display of IR linescanner data for RPVs, three-dimensional model-guided site recognition, the AMIDARS high-performance real-time display, and MMW sensor image analysis. Also discussed are reconnaissance concepts for the 3-5 micron spectral window, sensor concept development for hazard detection, a stabilization system for a large aperture camera, three-axis image stabilization with a two-axis mirror, the results of performance tests on the TOW target collimator design, and the replacement of film by electrooptic media in advanced tactical airborne reconnaissance. | eng_Latn | 9,242 |
Fluorescence polarization assays for chemical contaminants in food and environmental analyses | Abstract Fluorescence polarization (FP) assays play an important role in the detection of chemical contaminants in food and environmental due to a number of key advantages since last century. In recent decades, FP assays have achieved great progress thanks to developments in materials science and labelling techniques. This comprehensive review provides the state of art in methods design, recognition elements, fluorophores, multi-targeted analysis, practical applications with real samples, and the challenges of deploying FP assays for the detection of chemical contaminants. These new information and insightful commentary of the review will be critically important to the development and innovation of next-generation FP assays. | Abstract In high performance polysilicon thin film transistors (TFTs) the uniformity of electrical characteristics remain a major problem. This situation has stimulated a growing activity aiming to control the lateral growth phenomenon. However, most of the techniques require additional processing steps or a rather high shot density. We present a technique based on a two-pass excimer laser crystallization process: during the first irradiation the sample is irradiated through a patterned mask, while the second irradiation, performed without the mask, results in the homogeneous crystallization of the sample. This technique allows the possibility of forming uniform polysilicon layers, with large (∼2 micron) and aligned grains, with a reduced number of shots and a relatively large process energy window. The results of crystallization performed at different laser energy densities, sample thickness and laser pulse duration are analyzed. | eng_Latn | 9,243 |
In vitro evidence of antimicrobial synergy between Salvia chamelaeagnea and Leonotis leonurus | Abstract Extracts of the aerial parts of Salvia chamelaeagnea and L. leonurus were evaluated for the in vitro antibacterial activity when tested in combination against two Gram-positive bacteria ( Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus ) and two Gram-negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae ) using the microdilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined for the individual plant extract and also in combination using the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) and represented as data points in isobolograms. Individually, the plant extract showed good antibacterial activity against the four pathogens tested with the MIC values ≤ 3 mg mL − 1 . When the two extracts were combined, synergistic actions were observed against the Gram-positive bacteria while antagonism, synergism and/or additive actions were observed for the various ratios tested on the Gram-negative bacteria. | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,244 |
Activation of the IκB Kinase Complex by TRAF6 Requires a Dimeric Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme Complex and a Unique Polyubiquitin Chain | TRAF6 is a signal transducer in the NF-kappaB pathway that activates IkappaB kinase (IKK) in response to proinflammatory cytokines. We have purified a heterodimeric protein complex that links TRAF6 to IKK activation. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis reveals that this complex is composed of the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Ubc13 and the Ubc-like protein Uev1A. We find that TRAF6, a RING domain protein, functions together with Ubc13/Uev1A to catalyze the synthesis of unique polyubiquitin chains linked through lysine-63 (K63) of ubiquitin. Blockade of this polyubiquitin chain synthesis, but not inhibition of the proteasome, prevents the activation of IKK by TRAF6. These results unveil a new regulatory function for ubiquitin, in which IKK is activated through the assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. | AbstractThe effect of uric acid as a photoprotective agent for various solutions of FD&C Blue No. 2 was investivated. Due to the poor aqueous solubility of uric acid, solutions were made in glycerin, triethanolamine and N/5 NaOH. Uric acid in glycerin or triethanolamine was found to enhance the photostability of the dye solutions. The higher the concentration of uric acid in triethanolamine, the greater was the photoprotective action of uric acid. Increasing the amount of glycerin in solution resulted in acceleration of the rate of fading of the color presumably due to dielectric constant effect. The photoprotective action of uric acid was found to be influenced by the pH of the medium and its buffer species. | eng_Latn | 9,245 |
[Effect of toxic concentrations of 2,4,6-trinirtotoluene on the physical properties and morphology of bacillus subtilis SK1]. | It has been demonstrated for the first time that the toxic effect of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene on the gram-positive strain Bacillus subtilis SK1 is accompanied by a decrease in the cell size and an increase in the refraction index (i.e., density) and thermostability of the culture. These data suggest that determination of kinetic parameters of bacteria growing under the conditions of toxic stress from optical density measurements may result in erroneous conclusions. | A theoretical study was carried out to determine the dielectric response and tunability of a composite consisting of a linear, low-loss dielectric matrix with uniformly sized, randomly distributed paraelectric Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3 (BST 60/40) particles as functions of the volume fraction and size of the particles. The field dependence of the polarization and the dielectric response of the inclusions are specified through a nonlinear thermodynamic model and then incorporated into a two-dimensional finite element analysis. Near the percolation threshold for BST particles (∼27% to 45% depending on the particle size), high dielectric tunabilities with a lower effective permittivity than monolithic BST can be realized. | eng_Latn | 9,246 |
Effect of TiO_2 on conjugative transfer of RP4 plasmid | Objective To explore the effect and law of nano-titanium dioxide on the conjugative transfer of RP4 plasmid.Methods Mating was conducted between Escherichia coli HB101(RP4) and E.coli K12Rif in saline without stirring under certain conditions and the donor per recipient ratio was 1∶1 constantly.The selective LB agar medium plates containing appropriate antibiotics were used to count the number of transconjugants and the conjugative transfer frequency.Results Nano-titanium dioxide could promote the conjugative transfer of RP4.The nano-titanium dioxide concentration,bacterial concentration,mating temperature and mating time could affect the conjugative transfer of RP4.Conclusion Nano titanium dioxide can promote plasmid conjugal transfer in the liquid phase under certain conditions,which may pose a potential hazard to environmental and human health. | We have calculated the electronic band structure and polarization dependent optical gain in a strain balanced SixGeySn1−x−y/GezSn1−z based transistor laser (TL) with GezSn1−z single quantum well (QW) in the base. Design consideration for QW is also addressed to ensure moderate carrier and optical confinement. A significant TE mode optical gain is obtained in mid infra red region for the transition of Г valley conduction band to heavy hole valence band. Optical gain in the QW plays an important role in determining the optical characteristics of Tin (Sn) incorporated group IV material based TL. | eng_Latn | 9,247 |
Easy measurement and analysis method of zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility of water-dispersed colloidal particles by using a self-mixing solid-state laser | We describe a highly sensitive method of measuring electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential of water-dispersed colloidal particles by using a self-mixing laser Doppler velocimeter with a laser-diode-pumped, thin-slice solid-state laser with extremely high optical sensitivity. The power spectra of laser output modulated by reinjected laser light scattered by the electrophoretic particles were observed. The power spectrum cannot be described by the well-known formula for translational motion or flowing Brownian motion, i.e., a combination of Doppler shift, diffusion, and translation. The power spectra shape is found to reflect the velocity distribution of electrophoretic particles in a capillary tube due to the electro-osmotic flow contribution. Not only evaluation of the electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential but also the particle diameter undergoing electrophoretic motion can be performed from the shape of the power spectrum. | We report the formation of Ohmic contacts to high‐dose (∼1016 cm−2) Te‐implanted n‐type GaAs annealed with a Q‐switched Nd : YAG laser. The annealing results in a Te concentration greater than 10 times the equilibrium solubility and the formation of free Ga at the surface. Ohmic contacts of specific contact resistance rc≃2×10−5 Ω cm2 were obtained by first removing the surface Ga by an HCl etch and then backsputtering to remove 50 A of GaAs, thereby exposing a surface of high Te concentration. | eng_Latn | 9,248 |
An admissible solution approach for diffuse optical tomography | Our goal is to characterize the space-varying absorption coefficient from observations of diffuse light propagating through tissue. Sensor array measurements from illumination with several sources leads to an inverse problem which, due to the physics and the restriction of sensors to the surface, is ill-posed and underdetermined. Accurate, reliable solutions require a priori constraints. Here we adopt an admissible solution approach, with convex constraint functions defining admissibility conditions, implemented via the ellipsoid algorithm. The joint use of measurement-model agreement, amplitude, and total variation type constraints produces more accurate reconstructions in a variety of simulation scenarios. | AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of Lupeol.Methods: Utilizing a thin-film dispersion method, we prepared Lupeol-loaded PEGylated lipo... | eng_Latn | 9,249 |
Porous Silicon Microcavities as Optical and Electrical Chemical Sensors | The optical and electrical properties of porous silicon microcavities are strongly dependent on the environment. For highly luminescent samples both the luminescence intensity and the peak position are affected by organic substances, which also strongly modify the electrical conductivity, giving the possibility to obtain a multi-parametric optical/electrical sensor. The peak position depends on the refractive index of the organic compound, whereas the luminescence intensity depends on its low frequency dielectric constant. Electrical properties depend on the dipole moment of the molecules. This allows discriminating between different organic substances. | Corrosion and protection of the underwater steel structures for W114A platform were investigated.The offshore platform has been in service in the South China Sea for 15 years.It was found that the bio-fouling was serious and the maximum attachment thickness was 20cm,while,the cathodic protection system was normal and the protective effect was favorable.After analyzing the detective methods and their results,some problems were found.The program of potential detection was inappropriate,the detection method for physical size of the sacrificial anodes was inaccurate,and the base surface of the thickness measurement points was not clean;therefore,the cathodic protective effect could not be accuraely evaluated.To solve these problems,some valuable suggestions are put forward accordingly. | eng_Latn | 9,250 |
Plasmodium yoelii: the effect of second blood meal and anti-sporozoite antibodies on development and gene expression in the mosquito vector, Anopheles stephensi. | The sporogonic development of the malaria parasite takes place in the mosquito and a wide range of factors modulates it. Among those, the contents of the blood meal can influence the parasite development directly or indirectly through the mosquito response to the infection. We have studied the effect of a second blood meal in previously infected mosquitoes and the effect of anti-sporozoite immune serum on parasite development and mosquito response to the infection. The prevalence and intensity of infection and gene expression of both Plasmodium yoelii and Anopheles stephensi was analyzed. We verified that a second blood meal and its immune status interfere with parasite development and with Plasmodium and mosquito gene expression. | Abstract Stability and electronic properties of pristine and metal covered cylindrical yttrium disilicide, YSi 2 , nanowires were investigated through first principles calculations. The YSi 2 nanowire prefers Y-rich surface morphology and is attractive toward metal adsorbates such as silver, gold, palladium, and platinum. Strong charge polarization is found from adsorbate to wires, which reduces the work function and alters the chemical activity of the core-shell structures. | eng_Latn | 9,251 |
Does LESS Produce Better Outcomes Than Conventional Laparoscopy | There is little difference in the effectiveness and safety of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery and conventional laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of gynecological diseases. | This paper reports on the development of optically based techniques to detect and identify chemical agents. Detection ::: sensitivity and molecule discrimination are studied. In parallel, efforts are made to develop rugged and compact ::: experimental designs that can be used for field measurements. Laser Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a ::: surface analyzing optical technique investigated to measure sarin like molecules deposited on samples coming from the ::: Parisian subway. On the other hand, Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLS) - Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy ::: (CRDS) or Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) - is used to measure traces of the industrial toxic ::: hydrogen fluoride gas down to the ppb level. Measurements in laboratory are reported and primary results obtained in a ::: field experiment are described. | eng_Latn | 9,252 |
Ball shaped photonic crystal attaching with bioreceptor, preparation method thereof and using method thereof | Obtain the photonic crystal in the present invention according to obtain the photonic crystal comprises a uniform spherical porosity and a plurality of pores are formed around a spherical body filled with the medium to form a diffraction grating of the sphere, the pores are fixed bio-sensitive material to the inner surface; In the photonic crystal obtain uniformly spherical agglomeration addition of medium and plurality of the medium is formed around a portion of the spherical body filled with a pore to form a diffraction grating of a sphere, sphere optical crystal which is fixed to the medium is living body-sensitive material surface portion; Methods for their preparation; And provides a biochip or biosensor containing the photonic crystal sphere. A bio-chip, a biosensor, label-free, light-diffracting, the photonic crystal, the photonic crystal sphere | The formula for correction for reabsorption in the case of a plane-parallel luminophor excited and observed from one side is presented in a form convenient for computation. This form clearly shows the effect on the reabsorption correction of changing the parameters of the experiment. | eng_Latn | 9,253 |
Theoretical and experimental determination of optical and magneto-optical properties of LuFe2 single crystal | We have studied the diagonal and off-diagonal optical conductivity of a LuFe 2 single crystal grown by the flux method. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry we have measured the dielectric function from 1.5 to 5.5 eV. The magneto-optical parameters (Kerr rotation and ellipticity) from 1.4 to 4.0 eV were obtained using a magneto-optical polar Kerr spectrometer at temperatures between 7 and 295 K and applied magnetic fields up to 1.2 T which fully saturates the magnetic moment of LuFe 2 . We describe the apparatus and evaluate the off-diagonal conductivity components from the data. Theoretical calculations of optical conductivities and magneto-optical parameters were performed using the tight binding-linear muffin tin orbitals method within the local spin density approximation. When lifetime broadening is included, the calculations agree well with the experimental data. | A dissolved oxygen sensor based on ruthenium(Ru) fluorescence and U-shape plastic optical fiber (POF) was described. ::: Dichlorotris (1, 10-phenanthroline) ruthenium (II) was used as an oxygen indicator, which was coated on to the surface ::: of a 1mm diameter U-shaped POF. Phase modulation technique is used to measure fluorescence lifetime. The phase ::: difference between 100% and 0% dissolved oxygen is 1.78 degree. By using the nonlinear assumption, we also calculate ::: that the there are only 20% thickness of the sensor material is affected by DO. | eng_Latn | 9,254 |
Imprinting by DNA methylation: from transgenes to endogenous gene sequences | A number of transgenes in the mouse show variation in methylation and expression phenotypes dependent on parental transmission. It appears that there exist at least two types of transgene imprinting; one is retained on an essentially homozygous background, while the other requires heterozygosity at some modifying loci in the genome and is observed as differences in phenotype in reciprocal crosses. For this type of imprinting to occur, the parental origin of the modifier locus itself is important, and parental asymmetry may involve specific interactions between egg cytoplasm and the chromosomes. Based on the identification of ‘methylation polymorphism’ in the mouse genome, we also show that endogenous gene sequences can undergo imprinting by DNA methylation. | We report on using e-beam lithographically technology for enabling the mass replication of custom-designed ::: and prepared Nano-structures via establishing nanoimprint processes for pattern transfer into UV curable prepolymes. ::: By EBL, the new nano-fabrication technology based on the concept of disposal master technology (DMT) is suitable for mass volume manufacturing of large area arrays of sub-wavelength photonic elements. We will present some kinds of PhC and waveguides for fabrication of nanoimprint Electron beam lithography stamps. | eng_Latn | 9,255 |
Microwave‐induced triplet‐triplet absorption in organic molecules | The effect of a saturating microwave field in resonance with the zero‐field levels of an organic triplet state on the triplet‐triplet absorption is examined. The change in triplet‐triplet absorption intensity is shown to be due to microwave alteration of the over‐all steady state population in the lowest triplet state. The microwave‐induced intensity changes for triplet‐triplet absorption can be calculated in terms of the dynamical rate constants for the individual spin levels of the triplet state. Results of these calculations are compared with experimentally observed triplet‐triplet absorption intensity changes for several nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. | When fringe projection profilometry is applied for real-time 3D shape measurement, several problems remain to be solved such as multi-wavelength heterodyne phase unwrapping is sensitive to motion and the computation cost is high. In this paper, a real-time 3D shape measurement method with optimized multi-wavelength heterodyne phase unwrapping and GPU parallel computing is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can acquire 3D shape at 40 fps. Dynamic object with discontinuities can be measured and the phase unwrapping mistakes are eliminated by smoothing the phase of beat frequency during multi-wavelength heterodyne phase unwrapping. | eng_Latn | 9,256 |
No muon excess in extensive air showers at 100-500 PeV primary energy: EAS-MSU results | Some discrepancies have been reported between observed and simulated muon content of extensive air showers: the number of observed muons exceeded the expectations in HiRes-MIA, Yakutsk and Pierre Auger Observatory data. Here, we analyze the data of the Moscow State University Extensive Air Shower (EAS-MSU) array on E_mu>~10 GeV muons in showers caused by ~(10^17-10^18) eV primary particles and demonstrate that they agree with simulations (QGSJET-II-04 hadronic interaction model) once the primary composition inferred from the surface-detector data is assumed. | Electric fields have been shown to orient nanoscopic domains laterally in thin copolymer films effectively. To achieve an orientation normal to the surface, interfacial interactions impose a barrier. Using asymmetric diblock copolymers of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) having cylindrical microdomains, a threshold electric field strength Et was found above which complete orientation of the cylindrical domains was achieved. This threshold field strength was independent of film thickness (for films ∼10−30 μm thick) and could be described by the difference in interfacial energies of the components. At field strengths slightly below Et a coexistence of the domains parallel and perpendicular to the electrode surface was found which is consistent with the introduction of defects via undulations in the structure as one proceeds away from the surface. | eng_Latn | 9,257 |
Absorption Enhancement in Ultrathin Solar Cells with Antireflection and Light-Trapping Nanocone Gratings | We combine optimized front gratings primarily for antireflection at shorter wavelengths and back gratings primarily for light-trapping at longer wavelengths in ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cells to achieve near Yablonovitch limit absorption. | Protein immobilization in a specific conformation or orientation at an interface is influenced by specific interactions with the outer layer of the surface. A strategy to build-up a complex construct which is able to orient protein molecules, based on metal-cation chelation processes, is reported. The proposed methodology implies the formation of a mercaptoundecanoic acid monolayer on a gold surface that is activated to attach covalently the tripeptide glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine (GHK) on the surface, whose sites are then employed to chelate copper ions, providing a selective platform for the orientation of human serum albumin (HSA) molecules. The protein adsorption process on GHK and GHK–Cu(II)-complex surfaces was monitored by the in situ quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and force spectroscopy technique. The changes in frequency and dissipation factor as well as the D–f plots from QCM-D measurements help to characterize the changes in the protein conformation and are confir... | eng_Latn | 9,258 |
Cationic niosomes as gene carriers: preparation and cellular uptake in vitro. | Cationic niosomes of sorbitan monoesters were prepared using film hydration method and tested for their effect on delivery of antisense oligonucleotides (OND) in a COS-7 cell line. These formulations showed positive results on cellular uptake of antisense oligonucleotides. Especially, cationic niosomes of Span 40 and 60 have a more significant effect. | Summary form only given. We have developed a novel QD microcavity by coupling core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals resonantly to whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of a silica microsphere. We have shown that this composite microcavity system features a photon lifetime of order 0.1 Js, corresponding to Q-factors of order 10/sup 8/, four to five orders of magnitude greater than that of other semiconductor microcavities. The extremely high-Q factors along with the very small mode volume allow us to achieve for the first time to our knowledge the good cavity limit of cavity QED of QDs, thus providing a model system for investigating effects of quantum transitions and decoherence in single QDs. | eng_Latn | 9,259 |
C3L++: Implementing a Description Logics System on Top of an Object-Oriented Database System | This paper describes the Description Logics system C3L++ that is implemented on top of the object-oriented POET data base. The benefits of such an integration are the management of large size knowledge bases, an increased performance and data persistency. Moreover, it is planned to integrate the relational database MERLIN via an object-oriented access layer in C3L++ and test afterwards its performance. | Aims: To design a simple method for the detection of microbe–immune complexes exploiting the optical and elastic properties of a biocompatible liquid crystalline material. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods and Results: Aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), was aligned in a glass cell so as to be optically dark in polarized light. Immune complexes of at least three to four organisms altered the DSCG alignment such that polarized light was subsequently transmitted to reveal the presence of pathogens as optically bright regions around the immune complexes. ::: ::: ::: ::: Conclusions: This work describes the first method to detect viable micro-organisms in real time using LCLC. ::: ::: ::: ::: Significance and Impact of the Study: This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC. | eng_Latn | 9,260 |
Phase transition study of some selected azine compounds | Abstract The dielectric constants (real and imaginary) of benzaldazine and its hydroxy derivatives have been measured at different frequencies up to 100 kHz. The measurements were also carried out at different temperatures up to near the melting point of each sample. Two phase transitions were obtained during measurements at 320 and 370 K. The rotation of the benzene ring around the -CN- axis was responsible for these transitions. The effect of variation of the OH substituent between o-, p- and w-positions on the dielectric loss was discussed. The a.c. conductivities for the different samples were measured and explained. | Alkaliphilic bacterial strains producing the enzyme cyclodextrin glucanotransferase were cultivated on solid agar medium containing an indicator system detecting the enzyme. The growth of the colony and the surrounding diffusion zone, due to the enzyme, were measured by the image analysis during the cultivation. It was possible to differentiate between relatively similar clones by observing quantitatively the changes at and around the colony. Optimal experimental conditions for such measurements are discussed. The image analysis technique provides a potential tool for characterizing microbes grown on solid media. | eng_Latn | 9,261 |
A novel ratiometric fluorescent probe for cyanide anion with high selectivity and its application in cell imaging | A novel hybrid acenaphthene-hemicyanine dye(Acc) was designed and synthesized as a colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent sensor for cyanide detection. The nucleophilic addition of cyanide anion resulted in the blocking of the intramolecular charge transfer(ICT). Thus, the sensor exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity towards cyanide anion among many anions in dimethylsulphoxide(DMSO)-water media, with the emission wavelength displaying a very large shift(186 nm). Moreover, the color changes of the solution could be observed by the naked eyes and it had a short response time. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit for cyanide was calculated to be 1.3 μmol/L(R2=0.9958). In addition, the probe had excellent biocompatibility and could be utilized to monitor cyanide in living cells. | This paper is concerned with the calculation of the critical radius and the wavelength of modulation associated with the strained inclusion during first order phase transition. For this purpose the forth order spatial gradient term was included into the free energy density inside the inclusion. Numerical results were obtained for indium-rich alloys such as In-21 at.% Tl, In-4.4 at.% Cd and In-(13−X) at% Pb-X at.% Sn, and also the alloy Au-30 at.% Cu-47 at.% Zn. The effect of the temperature and the atomic fraction of alloying element on critical radius and wavelength of modulation is also discussed and compared to the experimental results. | eng_Latn | 9,262 |
A novel U-bent plastic optical fibre local surface plasmon resonance sensor based on a graphene and silver nanoparticle hybrid structure | In this work, we have presented a novel local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor based on the U-bent plastic optical fibre (U-POF). Firstly, a layer of discontinuous silver (Ag) thin film was deposited on the U-POF and then the Ag film was covered by a layer of cladding synthesized by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), graphene and silver nanoparticles forming the PVA/G/AgNPs@Ag film. The normalized transmittance spectrum of the LSPR sensor have been collected in a range of the refractive index (RI) from 1.330 to 1.3657 in ethanol solution, and 700.3 nm/RIU sensitivity of the developed LSPR sensor has been demonstrated. By experiments, we demonstrated that the graphene could improve the sensitivity of the LSPR sensor and delay the oxidation process of the AgNPs effectively to keep the stability of the LSPR sensor. The LSPR sensor also exhibited good sensitivity and linearity in the detection of glucose solutions. This work shows that the developed LSPR sensor may have promising applications in biosensing. | Disclosed is a precursor composition comprising: a compound selected from a compound represented by the formula: Si(OR 1 ) 4 and a compound represented by the formula R a (Si)(OR 2 ) 4-a (in the formulas R 1 represents a monovalent organic group; R represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a monovalent organic group; R 2 represents a monovalent organic group; and a is an integer ranging from 1 to 3, provided that R, R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different from one another) a thermally degradable organic compound; an element having a catalyst activity; urea; and the like. A porous thin film produced from the precursor composition is irradiated with ultraviolet ray, and then subjected to gas-phase reaction with a hydrophobic compound. A porous thin film thus prepared can be used for the manufacture of a semiconductor device. | eng_Latn | 9,263 |
Synthesis, structural and photoluminescence studies of copper(I) complexes containing bis(azol-1-yl)methane derived bisphosphines | Abstract The synthesis and characterization of copper(I) complexes containing bisphosphines such as bis(2-diphenylphosphinoimidazol-1-yl)methane (1), bis(5-diphenylphosphinopyrazol-1-yl)methane (2) and bis(5-diphenylphosphino-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methane (3) is reported. Bisphosphines 1–3 exhibit bidentate (κ2P,P) chelating mode of coordination. The crystal structures of 4–6 have been established by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Luminescence spectra of complexes 7–9 recorded at room temperature in dichloromethane solution displayed single emission bands at 541, 542 and 519 nm, respectively, with moderate quantum yields. | A color display screen having a coating which comprises at least a greend an/or a red phosphor as well as at least a pigment having the following composition:GaaInbZncAldOnSmSeoTepwherein 0.05<a<1.95 0.0</=n<0.3 0.05<b<1.95 2.1<m</=3 0.00</=c<0.09 0.0</=o<0.3 0.00</=d<0.2 0.0</=p<0.3 and n+m+o+p=3 and a+b++E,fra 2/3+EE c+d=2, yields a high-contrast and low-reflection picture, because the pigmentation in accordance with the invention is self-luminescent and its solid-solution properties enable its absorption properties to be accurately adapted to the emission spectrum of the phosphor. The solid solutions having the composition GaaInbZncAldOnSmSeoTep are characterized by steep absorption edges in the yellow-orange spectral range and by a high absorptivity. This permits thin pigment-containing layers and small quantities of pigment to be used. | eng_Latn | 9,264 |
Twist and shine: Development of a new photoluminescent sensor material | Stress sensors are important tools when it comes to evaluating the robustness of a material facing strong mechanical forces. OIST researchers have just published in Advanced Materials an article reporting a new kind of sensor molecules that brightens up when the material they are incorporated into comes under heavy mechanical stress.
Such light-based sensing molecules, also called photoluminescent mechanophores, are not new, but currently available applications are single-use only. They would typically involve a strong force -- compressing, twisting or stretching for example -- breaking a specific chemical bond between two atoms or irreversibly pulling apart two molecular patterns in the sensing molecule, changing the wavelength -- and thus the color -- of the light emitted by the mechanophore. Once these molecules have radically changed their structure in response to this force, it is extremely difficult to return to the initial situation. While these mechanophores are useful to understand the mechanical properties of an item or a material, they do not suit well for repeated exposure to mechanical stress.
To overcome this issue, Dr. Georgy Filonenko and Prof. Julia Khusnutdinova from the Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit designed a photoluminescent mechanophore that retains its properties over time and under repeated incidents of mechanical stress. The researchers incorporated the stress-sensing molecule into a common polymer material called polyurethane, widely used for everyday items from mattresses and cushions to inflatable boats, car interiors, woodworking glue and even spandex.
The scientists then stretched the resulting material with increasing force, triggering a correspondingly brighter glow under an ultraviolet light. The reaction happens within hundreds of milliseconds, resulting in a up to two-fold increase in luminescence intensity. When the mechanical traction stops, the polymer material and the mechanophore reverse to their initial position, decreasing the light readout. This is critical as it allows for repeated applications of mechanical force.
This new mechanophore is a photoluminescent compound from recently published work by Dr. Filonenko and Prof. Khusnutdinova. Despite its very simple structure the compound is extremely responsive to the physical environment which has a direct impact on the color visible with the naked eye under a UV light. These molecules were incorporated directly within the repeated patterns of the polymer material.
The high mobility of the mechanophore molecules in the polymer was found to be the key to the sensor performance. As mechanophores moved rapidly in the relaxed polymer sample, the brightness of emission was low due to these molecular motions preventing the mechanophore from emitting light. However, subjecting the material to mechanical force effectively slowed down the polymer chain motions, enabling the mechanophore to emit light more efficiently.
"Our material shows how a macroscopic force, as basic as stretching a flexible strand of material, can efficiently trigger microscopic changes all the way down to isolated molecules," commented Dr. Filonenko. | Think you can't afford security cameras for your office? Think again. The Wyze Cam Pan offers 360-degree panning, night vision, motion- and sound-detection and 14 days of free rolling alert-video cloud storage -- all for $30. Seriously. The Pan sounds too good to be true -- but it isn't.
You can read more about it in this Cheapskate post. | eng_Latn | 9,265 |
What are the type of sensors used to detect plant diseases in Agriculture? | Which sensor is used to detect the disease in plants? | What's the best hand held magnifying glass I can buy in India? I want one with really high clarity? | eng_Latn | 9,266 |
what advantage gained by staining cells? | Details are seen easier and with more clearity. | did you also prepare a standard solution? because the way i do it, is that i have a standard so i can compare the 2 absorbtions (same wavelength)...You know the equation.. | eng_Latn | 9,267 |
Characterization of PicoGreen interaction with dsDNA and the origin of its fluorescence enhancement upon binding. | Characterization of PicoGreen Reagent and Development of a Fluorescence-Based Solution Assay for Double-Stranded DNA Quantitation | Investigations on DNA intercalation and surface binding by SYBR Green I, its structure determination and methodological implications | eng_Latn | 9,268 |
Grown , Printed , and Biologically Augmented : An Additively Manufactured Microfluidic Wearable , Functionally Templated for Synthetic Microbes | The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis | Data quality assessment: The Hybrid Approach | eng_Latn | 9,269 |
Making sense of sensing systems: five questions for designers and researchers | Tangible bits: towards seamless interfaces between people, bits and atoms | Utilization of flue gas for cultivation of microalgae Chlorella sp.) in an outdoor open thin-layer photobioreactor | eng_Latn | 9,270 |
LCD Mura Detection Based on Accumulated Differences and Multi-resolution Background Subtraction | Low-contrast surface inspection of mura defects in liquid crystal displays using optical flow-based motion analysis | Smartwatch in vivo | eng_Latn | 9,271 |
security metrics in industrial control systems . | An Attack Surface Metric | Measuring the Spatial Distribution of Dielectric Constants in Polymers through Quasi-Single Molecule Microscopy | eng_Latn | 9,272 |
Design of Organic TFT Pixel Electrode Circuit for Active-Matrix OLED Displays | Improved a-Si:H TFT pixel electrode circuits for active-matrix organic light emitting displays | A Mixture IRT Analysis of Risky Youth Behavior | kor_Hang | 9,273 |
CMOS Amperometric Instrumentation and Packaging for Biosensor Array Applications | Electrochemical array microsystem with integrated potentiostat | Duration Dependence and Dispersion in Count-Data Models | eng_Latn | 9,274 |
Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring with Raman spectroscopy: prospects for device miniaturization | Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems: A Review | A glucose-sensing contact lens: from bench top to patient | eng_Latn | 9,275 |
A soft, wearable microfluidic device for the capture, storage, and colorimetric sensing of sweat | A flexible and highly sensitive strain-gauge sensor using reversible interlocking of nanofibres | Significance-Linked Connected Component Analysis for Wavelet Image Coding | eng_Latn | 9,276 |
Terahertz Light-Field Imaging | A Real-Time Distributed Light Field Camera | The Effects of Pharmaceutical Excipients on Gastrointestinal Tract Metabolic Enzymes and Transporters—an Update | ind_Latn | 9,277 |
PiCam: an ultra-thin high performance monolithic camera array | Improving resolution by image registration | Bio-medically active zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by using extremophilic actinobacterium, Streptomyces sp. (MA30) and its characterization. | eng_Latn | 9,278 |
A Photonic In-Memory Computing primitive for Spiking Neural Networks using Phase-Change Materials | Broadcast and Weight: An Integrated Network For Scalable Photonic Spike Processing | potentiostat readout circuit design for a 3 - electrode electrochemical biosensing measurement system . | eng_Latn | 9,279 |
Adaptive Color Attributes for Real-Time Visual Tracking | Exploiting the circulant structure of tracking-by-detection with kernels | Key advances in the chemical modification of nanocelluloses | eng_Latn | 9,280 |
Wearable Flexible Sensors: A Review | A flexible and highly sensitive strain-gauge sensor using reversible interlocking of nanofibres | Keloid Scarring: New Treatments Ahead | yue_Hant | 9,281 |
Novel Approach to Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Based on Transmittance and Refraction of Visible Laser Light | Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: a review. | Textile sensors to measure sweat pH and sweat-rate during exercise | eng_Latn | 9,282 |
what is are furoscent dyes | The Fluorescence Process. Fluorescence is the result of a three-stage process that occurs in certain molecules (generally polyaromatic hydrocarbons or heterocycles) called fluorophores or fluorescent dyes (Figure 1).he Fluorescence Process. Fluorescence is the result of a three-stage process that occurs in certain molecules (generally polyaromatic hydrocarbons or heterocycles) called fluorophores or fluorescent dyes (Figure 1). | Mordant dyes are those that can be applied only with a fixing agent, or mordant. The fixing agents are often metal compounds, particularly those whose cations form coordination complexes. Alizarin is a mordant dye, and with different metal compounds it gives a range of colors. | eng_Latn | 9,283 |
New insight into the application of GFP chromophore inspired derivatives: a F− fluorescent chemodosimeter | A GFP chromophore inspired fluorescent chemodosimeter was synthesized, which exhibited “naked-eye” detection for F− with high selectivity and sensitivity based on F− promoted cleavage of silicon–oxygen bonds and the deprotonation reaction via hydrogen-bonding interactions. | The propagation of light on a set of null paths in a pseudo-Riemannian manifold is studied using a variational principle of extremal energy. This method is compared with those based on the geodesics and Fermat principles. For the static space-time all three variational methods give the same solutions. The Fermat principle for stationary gravitational fields is identical to the principle of variation of energy of light-like particles. The approach proposed here is applied to a flat expanding space, corresponding to the LCDM-model, and generalized Godel space-time. In the first case a solution obtained by the method of energy variation coincides with the geodesic method, while in the second case they give different solutions. | eng_Latn | 9,284 |
Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Pretreatment of Rice Straw with FeCl 3 in Combination with H 3 PO 4 for Improving Enzymatic Hydrolysis | Pretreatment is a key step to alter the recalcitrance structure of lignocellulosic biomass for enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis. Rice straw is an agricultural residue which is one of the potential substrate for ethanol production. In the present work, optimization of microwave-assisted pretreatment of rice straw in FeCl3 solution with H3PO4 was performed. The effect of concentration of FeCl3 and H3PO4 along with pretreatment time was evaluated. The optimal pretreatment condition was found as follows: 250mM FeCl3, 3%H3PO4, 155°C, and 20 minutes. The pretreated pulp was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using commercial cellulase for assessing effectiveness of pretreatment system. The maximum saccharification per pulp and per biomass was observed as 98.9% and 66.4%, respectively, under enzyme load of 3 FPU/g of substrate after incubation for 48 h. | A novel heat-sinking, self-referencing fiber optic emission probe having a sapphire fiber probe head is described. The laser heating effect in a GaAs wafer (on a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) platform) has been measured with the probe in both the noncontact proximity mode and the contact mode. The GaAs/PTFE composite was selected to simulate the thermal conductivity of animal tissues. It was found that for the same laser power delivered to the wafer, the temperature rise in the contact mode was only 42% of that in the proximity mode. Additionally, a demonstration of the self-referencing capability of the probe is also presented. | eng_Latn | 9,285 |
In simple terms , phosphorescence is a process in which energy absorbed by a substance is released relatively slowly in the form of light . | Phosphorescence is a process in which energy absorbed by a substance is released relatively slowly in the form of light . | It is a permissive license , meaning that it allows programmers to put the code in proprietary software on the condition that the license is given with that software , and GPL-compatible , meaning that the GPL permits programmers to combine and redistribute it with software that uses the MIT License . | eng_Latn | 9,286 |
Stanovení vybraných analytických charakteristik a antioxidační aktivity medu | In the theoretical part of the thesis the characteristics of honey and the description of honey types are given, as well as its physical properties and chemical composition. It also deals with the methodology of used methods for the determination of selected analytical parameters, polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of honey. The practical part gives results of the determination of analytical parameters (water content, titratable acidity, pH, color, glucose and fructose content), the total polyphenols content by spectrophotometry and the antioxidant activity using photometric methods with DPPH and ABTS. | We review the structure and energetics of the extended defects found in ion implanted Si as a function of annealing conditions and show that the defect kinetics can be described by an Ostwald ripening process whereby the defects exchange Si atoms and evolve in size and type to minimize their formation energy. Finally, we present a physically based model to predict the evolution of extrinsic defects during annealing through the calculation of defect densities, size distributions, number of clustered interstitials and free-interstitial supersaturation. We show some successful applications of our model to a variety of experimental conditions and give an example of its predictive capabilities at ultra low implantation energies. | ces_Latn | 9,287 |
Efficient Ray Tracing of Parametric Surfaces for Advanced Effects | Fast bvh construction on gpus | Intake of garlic and its bioactive components. | eng_Latn | 9,288 |
How do those advertisements on the Internet know to interact with my mouse when I go across the advertisement? For example, like the one where you can make the character in the advertisement move his eyes or body just by moving the mouse up, down and across. | Thats the JAVA Script they have.\n\nIts related to mouse movement... based on which the image moves. | How capillary action makes water go up...???\n\nEven though we usually think of water as running downhill, it can indeed flow upwards using a process called capillary action (pronounced kap uh LAR ee, is the tendency of liquids to move into or out of tiny, hairlike passageways) . This is the very scientific principal that explains how water goes from the soil upwards into the stem of plants. Plants contain many vein like tubes that carry water from the plant's roots upwards to the plant's highest leafs via capillary action. Try this experiment to see capillary action in action.\n\nWrap the plastic wrap around the knitting needle and then tape the edges so that you have formed a tube. Remember, the narrower the tube, the more pronounced the capillary effect will be. \nOnce you have taped the plastic wrap, pull out the knitting needle. Make sure that the new plastic tube is not bent and is open at both ends. \nNow pour a little of the food coloring into a glass half filled with water. \nNow place your plastic tube into the glass of water. \nExamine the tube carefully. The dye should climb up the tube above the level of the liquid in the glass. \nNow try the same experiment with varying levels of water in the glass. Does this make a difference? | eng_Latn | 9,289 |
pfp definition | One side has the word, one side has the definition. Microwave and dishwasher safe. Lotsa space for your liquids. An acronym that means picture for proof, largely used in text. pfp is a response to an action that someone says they are doing. Whether it is used online or in a text message. Most commonly used on status updates. Used to make sure that the person is not lying about what they are doing. | Green fluorescent protein complex with peptide-derived chromophore (1ema). Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a bioluminescent polypeptide consisting of 238 residues isolated from the body of Aequorea victoria jellyfish.GFP converts the blue chemiluminescent of aequorin in the jellyfish into green fluorescent light.reen fluorescent protein (GFP) is a bioluminescent polypeptide consisting of 238 residues isolated from the body of Aequorea victoria jellyfish. | eng_Latn | 9,290 |
quizlet how would you test the purity of aspirin | To put it simply there is a visible violet color reaction. Because violet is the color with the shortest wavelength (400-420 nm) it can easily be measured by a Visual Spectrophotometer. The intensity of the color is related to the purity and concentration of aspirin in a tablet. Using a series of different aspirin concentrations a spectrophotometer can measure each solution and a calibration curve can be constructed as a baseline for the amount of aspirin in a given aspirin product. | Making the world better, one answer at a time. The easiest way to test the purity of gold is to use a kit with a touchstone, acids, and test needles of varying purities. You rub a needle of known purity onto the touchstone leaving a gold line, then do the same with your unknown item.aking the world better, one answer at a time. The easiest way to test the purity of gold is to use a kit with a touchstone, acids, and test needles of varying purities. You rub a needle of known purity onto the touchstone leaving a gold line, then do the same with your unknown item. | eng_Latn | 9,291 |
what does phenolphthalein detect? | Phenolphthalein. Phenolphthalein is another commonly used indicator for titrations, and is another weak acid. In this case, the weak acid is colourless and its ion is bright pink. Adding extra hydrogen ions shifts the position of equilibrium to the left, and turns the indicator colourless. Adding hydroxide ions removes the hydrogen ions from the equilibrium which tips to the right to replace them - turning the indicator pink. | A pink color in a solution with phenolphthalein indicates that the solution is basic. In acid phenolphthalein solutions, the solution will turn colorless.dit. Share to: 1 Properties and Uses of the Phenolphthalein indicator Phenolphthalein is a chemical with the formula C20H14O4 and used in several practical applications. | eng_Latn | 9,292 |
define absorbance in biology | Best Answer: Absorbance: A logarithmic measure of the amount of light absorbed (at particular wavelength) as the light passes through a sample or substance ... | Absorbance vs Transmittance. Absorbance and transmittance are two very important concepts discussed in spectrometry and analytical chemistry. Absorbance can be identified as the amount of light which is absorbed by a given sample. Transmittance can be recognized as the amount of light passed through that sample. | eng_Latn | 9,293 |
what can a spectrometer be used for | A spectrophotometer is an instrument that can pass light of a single wavelength through a solution and measure the amount that passes through. First, the spectrophotometer must be zeroed by passing light of the chosen wavelength (500 nm for example) through a blank containing only the solvent. spectrophotometer can be set to measure either the percent transmittance or the absorbance of a solution. In lab, you will be using a spectrophotometer called the Spectronic 20 or Spec 20 to measure absorbance. | Mass spectrometry is an indispensable tool for peptide and protein analysis owing to its speed, sensitivity, and versatility.It can be used to determine amino acid sequences of peptides, and to characterize a wide variety of post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and glycosylation.ass spectrometry can also be used to determine absolute and relative protein quantities, and can identify and quantify thousands of proteins from complex samples, which makes it an extremely powerful tool for systems biology studies. | eng_Latn | 9,294 |
Transparent dynamic instrumentation | Xen and the art of virtualization | Supramolecular systems chemistry. | eng_Latn | 9,295 |
Transport and modeling of estrogenic hormones in a dairy farm effluent through undisturbed soil lysimeters. | Fate and transport of selected estrogen compounds in Hawaii soils: effect of soil type and macropores. | Mounting evidence against the role of ICC in neurotransmission to smooth muscle in the gut | eng_Latn | 9,296 |
An above-ground biomass production model for a common reed () stand | The development and current status of perennial rhizomatous grasses as energy crops in the US and Europe | Root production and belowground seagrass biomass | eng_Latn | 9,297 |
Response of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) to Clipping Frequency | Effect of time of cutting on yield and feeding value of prairie hay. | Completely Stale Transmitter Channel State Information is Still Very Useful | eng_Latn | 9,298 |
[The pharmacist Ludwig Franz Bley (1801-1868) and his influence on the development of technology]. | Bley is one of the pharmacists who is nearly forgotten today. His scientific work is very extensive and diversified (535 paper in 12 scientific journals). The present article gives a short biography and shows Bley contributions in the field of technological development (for example using of sugarbeet) in Germany in the 19th century. | Abstract Unprotected streams within the agricultural Midwest region of the United States are subject to sedimentation, nutrification, and agricultural chemicals. Grass riparian filter strips (GRFSs) have been implemented as a best management practice to minimize sedimentation and associated materials that are harmful to aquatic ecosystems; however, few studies have examined the benthic community response to GRFS installation. This study introduces a least-desired index (LDI) multimetric approach of evaluating benthic communities in response to GRFS installation. LDI was determined in a reciprocal fashion to that of a benthic macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity (B-IBI). When reference conditions are not available for the use of B-IBI, anti-reference sites, representing least-desired conditions, can be used in constructing an LDI. A B-IBI and LDI were constructed in the Claypan Till Plains Subsection of Missouri and comparatively used to evaluate two test sites where tall fescue GRFS were installed.... | eng_Latn | 9,299 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.