question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
| accepted_answer_id
stringlengths 2
6
⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
6
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73295",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this 「すらさえも」construction in the following sentence:\n\n> 「子供を誘拐したロリコン野郎から **すらさえも** バカにされ続けた」\n\nI've learned that they mean (mostly) the same, but haven't come across them in\nimmediate succession; therefore I'd like to if there are any special nuances\nto the use of 「 **すら** 」and 「 **さえ** 」in combination?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-29T22:23:36.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73288",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-30T06:01:13.477",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35673",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"particles"
],
"title": "Nuances of「すらさえも」?",
"view_count": 135
}
|
[
{
"body": "「すらさえも」 is only a highly emphatic form of:\n\n・「すら（も）」 or\n\n・「さえ（も）」\n\nCombining the two does not produce a \"new\" meaning of its own. \nYou should, therefore, just think of it as an emphatic way of saying \"even\" in\nEnglish.\n\n> \"Even the lolicon bastard who (had) kidnapped a kid kept making fun of me,\n> too.\"\n\nThe original sentence is in the passive-voice form while my own TL, in the\nactive voice.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T06:01:13.477",
"id": "73295",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-30T06:01:13.477",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73288",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73288
|
73295
|
73295
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It's for a daily affirmation. I don't mean people that behave like me which is\nwhat I keep getting when I search for a translation; I mean \"people like me as\na person\". Do I just use 好き？",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-29T23:51:42.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73289",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-22T14:01:40.223",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36160",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How do I say \"people like me\"",
"view_count": 433
}
|
[
{
"body": "Do you mean you want to say something along the lines of \"everyone loves me\"?\nThen, yes, you can just use 好き and say 人々は私が好きです (literal), みんな(は)私のことが好きだ\n(more natural, see [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2102/5010) for\nのこと), or such.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T06:02:47.147",
"id": "73296",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-30T06:02:47.147",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73289",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73289
| null |
73296
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It's not the full sentence but i heard this : 方法を思いついた And i was wondering if\nit means that the person came up with a method alone or it could be a few\npeople who have",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T00:27:38.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73290",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-30T06:07:51.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35418",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "思いついた plural or singular?",
"view_count": 76
}
|
[
{
"body": "As is the case with many other Japanese sentences, without enough context, you\ncan never tell the implied subject of this sentence. It typically means\nsomeone came up with a solution alone, but depending on the context, it can\nsafely mean a group of people discussed and came up with a solution together.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T06:07:51.397",
"id": "73297",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-30T06:07:51.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73290",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73290
| null |
73297
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73334",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My understanding is that the kanji in Japanese women's first names are most\nlikely to have a 訓読み reading, then a 名乗り reading, and least frequently an 音読み\nreading. Historically, they were likely to end in 子、but due to feminism this\ncustom is slowly exiting the culture?\n\nMale names, especially first born sons, are very likely to have 音読み readings\nfor their first names, then 名乗り、and then least frequently 訓読み?\n\nAnd the reason is that 音読み sounds more formal / business-like / scholarly,\nwhich has been the tradition role of the man. And 訓読み sounds are used in more\ninformal settings?\n\nIs this history of first names correct? Do people in modern Japan get\ndifferent feelings of formality from hearing 音読み and 訓読み sounds in daily\nconversations? Have I been making an incorrect assumption?\n\n**new addition** : \nI looked-up the kanji readings for the first names of the 15 most recent\nJapanese prime ministers. \"on\" means \"onyomi\"; \"kun\" means \"kunyomi\"; \"na\"\nmeans \"nanori\". 5 of the 15 have a \"kun\" reading for at least 1 kanji in their\nfirst name:\n\n晋三 (on + on) しんぞう [advance + three] \n佳彦 (na + kun) よしひこ [excellent + boy / lad] \n直人 (kun + na) なおと [honest + person] \n由紀夫 (on + on + na) ゆきお [reasoned + historic + man] \n太郎 (on + on) たろう [grand / wonderful + son] \n康夫 (na + na) やすお [peaceful + man] \n純一郎 (on + on + on) しゅんいちろう [genuine + single + son] \n喜朗 (na + on) よしろう [rejoiceful + cheerful] \n恵三 (on + on) けいぞう [blessing + three] \n龍太郎 (on + on + on) りゅうたろう [grand dragon + son] \n富市 (kun + kun) とみいち [wealthy + market] \n護熙 (na + kun) もりひろ [protection + merry] \n俊樹 (na + kun) としき [genius + establishment] \n喜一 (on + on) きいち [rejoice + one]\n\nIt was just an observation about kanji readings that I'm glad I finally\ncleared-up. I don't think that my interpretation of first name naming\nconventions is correct. thank you.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T03:26:37.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73294",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-06T00:49:17.450",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-06T00:49:17.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "3962",
"owner_user_id": "3962",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "Historical naming conventions of Japanese first names? Modern interpretation of first names?",
"view_count": 294
}
|
[
{
"body": "Well, the matter is really complicated. And the simple dichotomy of “on” vs.\n“kun” does not work.\n\nThe Japanese names (let’s concentrate on masculine, feminine are more\negregious) used in modern Japan come from several types of formerly existing\nnames, not counting new types that emerged quite recently. I believe your list\ncan exemplify all of those.\n\n1) First, there are the “real names” ([実名]{じつみょう}), given to men of moderately\nhigh classes at the elaborate coming-of-age ceremonies, frequently with a\ndonation of a kanji or another from the noble patron. This is the “two kanji\nread as abstract concepts in Japanese” names: 佳彦, 護熙. They are definitely read\nin kun, and might imply aristocracy or ambition.\n\n1a) Rarely, these can contain one kanji, this time read in on: there is none\nin your list, but Katayama Tetsu 哲 is one of those.\n\n2) Then, there were the [仮名]{けみょう}, provisional names, also given at age, but\nreserved for addresses from higher-ups and friendly reference. This is the\ntype “something+numeral” (or “something+numeral or quality+郎”), 晋三, 太郎, etc.\nThese are, though the “something” prefix can be in kun, by definition created\nin on readings, and due to their usage imply less formality than the previous\nseries.\n\n2a) This also includes the “fake title” names in -suke and -emon, which\nproliferated in Edo but now feel antiquated and sometimes mistakenly\nassociated with the deep past. These are normally a dirty mess of kun and on.\n\n3) The type “word+suffix denoting masculinity” (normally -お or similar) comes\nfrom the older [字]{あざな}, given at birth and used in childhood. Such names,\nkept by ordinary people all their lives, are the least pretentious and can\nhave a rural implication or affection. They are supposed to be in kun, as they\nare the most direct descendant of the oldest, pre-Chinese names. 由紀夫 here, 康夫\nare names like this.\n\n3a) The names being an adjective or verb (like 孜 Tsutomu) are the least clear.\nWhile this was a popular type of childhood names, they also occurred within\ntrue names as well, and they contain the least hint to whatever.\n\nHence, the most aristocratic and pretentious kind of names and the most\neveryday and passionate both use kun readings, while on readings are typical\nfor those in between, with many intermediate cases (such as the type on+on,\nwhich inherits the Buddhist names and, more generally, scholar pseudonyms).\nThus, just by establishing the way of reading, there is not enough data to\ndetermine the real implication of name.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-03T18:48:19.203",
"id": "73334",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-03T18:48:19.203",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27977",
"parent_id": "73294",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73294
|
73334
|
73334
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73299",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading a light novel, and this sentence came up, is と here working as\nquotation with 察して? and what can the verb in this situation mean?\n\nむしろ追いかけられていると察して、逃げ足を速めるに違いない。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T08:23:19.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73298",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-30T08:48:22.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34167",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Question about the use of 察す",
"view_count": 64
}
|
[
{
"body": "察して is the te-form of 察する, and it is one of the verbs that take quotative-と.\nThe meaning is \"to notice/understand/guess (some fact, indirectly via a\ncircumstantial evidence, a facial expression, etc)\". The と-clause contains\nwhat is noticed/understood.\n\n> 追いかけられていると察する \n> to notice they are chased _(not by actually seeing the chaser but by seeing\n> some indirect evidence)_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T08:48:22.167",
"id": "73299",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-30T08:48:22.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73298",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73298
|
73299
|
73299
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73306",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know in the sentence pattern: Noun の Noun, you can omit the second noun if\nthe context clearly tells what or whom you’re referring to.\n\nそのかばんが森さんのかばんです。 becomes そのかばんが森さんのです。\n\nCan I do the same with どの？ どのかばんが森さんのかばんですか。 to どのかばんが森さんのですか.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T09:47:21.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73300",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-30T14:28:13.633",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-30T09:56:55.463",
"last_editor_user_id": "36163",
"owner_user_id": "36163",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Can I omit the second noun in どのかばんが森さんのかばんですか？",
"view_count": 209
}
|
[
{
"body": "> そのかばんが森さんのかばんです。 becomes そのかばんが森さんのです。\n\nRight. That is because 「森{もり}さんの」 can denote both the adjectival \"Mori's\" and\nthe nominal \"Mori's belonging\". This is the same when a personal pronoun is\nused instead of a name. 「わたしの」 can mean both \"my\" and \"mine\".\n\nIt is also because it is a bit awkward to use the noun 「かばん」 twice in such a\nshort sentence.\n\n> Can I do the same with どの？ どのかばんが森さんのかばんですか。 to どのかばんが森さんのですか.\n\nYes, you can. 「どのかばんが森さんのですか。」 is a perfectly-formed sentence.\n\nAnother natural-sounding way to say that would be 「どれが森さんのかばんですか。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T14:28:13.633",
"id": "73306",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-30T14:28:13.633",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73300",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
73300
|
73306
|
73306
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is 田 usually pronounced as \"た\" or \"だ\" in Japanese people's last name? Or is it\npretty much 50/50?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T12:06:42.810",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73303",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-30T13:25:30.570",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36166",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "田 pronounced as \"た\" or \"だ\" in people's surname?",
"view_count": 452
}
|
[
{
"body": "I have never been taught how to read 田 in surname, but I think in most case\nthe start with 田 in surname such as 田中, 田村, 田口, 田辺, 田島, 田地野, etc. is\npronounced as「た」.\n\nAnd, I think pronouncing the end with 田 in surname as「だ」appearing in 吉田{よしだ},\n山田{やまだ}, 池田{いけだ}, 前田{まえだ} is more common than pronouncing it as「た」appearing in\n太田{おおた}, 森田{もりた}, 柴田{しばた}, 藤田{ふじた}, etc.\n\nHowever, this is not rule. You are simply getting accustomed to pronounce as\nsuch.\n\nI don't think the length of surname defines how to read「た」or「だ」such as\n宇多｛うた}田{だ}, 久保｛くぼ}田{た}, 新井{にい}田{だ}, 古{こ}田島{たじま}, 小{お}田{だ}切{ぎり},宇田{うた}川{がわ},\n金田{きんだ}一{いち} etc.\n\nAlso, 新田{にった}, 八田{はった}, 治田{はった} ( I think I read this surname as「おさだ」 in most\ncase ) has 促音: geminate consonant.\n\nLastly, maybe how to read「田」in surname is a bit different depends on the\nregion where you live, but I believe my interpretation is natural in most\ncase.\n\nReference:\n[田がつく名字のランキング](https://name.sijisuru.com/Rank/fname?keyword=%E7%94%B0&type=3&pages=0).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T13:25:30.570",
"id": "73305",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-30T13:25:30.570",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "73303",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
73303
| null |
73305
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "There are 104 kana in Japanese. Literally all of them can be used to spell\npeople's last names. However, some are used more often than others. For\nexample, \"た\", \"だ\", \"とう\", because 田 and 藤 are common kanji in last names. My\nquestion is: what kana or kana combination (such as \"とう\") are more common and\nwhat are less common? Is there some kind of frequency list?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T12:59:18.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73304",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-30T12:59:18.437",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36166",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"names",
"kana"
],
"title": "What are the most and least common kana in Japanese people's last name?",
"view_count": 487
}
|
[] |
73304
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73310",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "々 doesn't seem to be a real kanji, but at what grade is it taught?\n\nI'm trying to work out the maximum grade level for 四字熟語【よじじゅくご】, so I'm\nwondering how to classify something like 興味津々【きょうみしんしん】 with the first three\ncharacters having grade levels 5, 3 and 8, but what is the fourth?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T17:08:20.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73307",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-30T19:23:36.180",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5509",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kyouiku-kanji"
],
"title": "Does 々 have a kanji grade level?",
"view_count": 361
}
|
[
{
"body": "Since 々 is not a kanji in the first place, there is no rule regarding in which\nschool year it is taught. The official kyoiku kanji list does not mention this\nsymbol at all.\n\nStill, there are many easier two-kanji compounds including 々, such as 人々 and\n時々, and 四字熟語 is a relatively difficult set of words no matter how easy their\nkanji are. For example, you cannot assume a first grader knows the meaning of\n三々五々 even though 三 and 五 are very easy as kanji. It's hard to imagine someone\nwho can read a 四字熟語 does not understand 々. If you are specifically working on\n四字熟語, I think you really don't have to worry about the \"grade\" of this symbol.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T19:12:59.693",
"id": "73310",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-30T19:23:36.180",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-30T19:23:36.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73307",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73307
|
73310
|
73310
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73309",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> レモン・キャンディーじゃよ。マグルの食べる甘いものじゃが、わしゃ、これが好き **でな** 。 \n> A lemon sweet. It's a sweet thing that muggles eat. I like this ???\n\nI understand the concept of role language for portraying different kinds of\ncharacter. The speaker (professor Dumbledore) is an old man so he ends\nsentences with じゃ instead of だ for example. \nI'm assuming that the ending でな is something like this.\n\nThe English translation is \"I'm rather fond of them\" (actually \"it's a muggle\nsweet I'm rather fond of\"). So, I can't see what function でな is performing.\n\nMaybe it's not role language. Maybe it's just すきだ->すきで implying an unfinished\nsentence, with the sentence ending particle な on the end (a particle I've\nnever got to grips with). I can't see why the translator would do this though.\n\nIn either case I can't understand what's going on here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T17:59:05.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73308",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-01T05:33:28.417",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-01T05:33:28.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"sentence-final-particles",
"role-language"
],
"title": "Sentence ending でな",
"view_count": 872
}
|
[
{
"body": "This でな is indeed the te-form of だ, followed by な, a masculine sentence-final\nparticle.\n\nA sentence-end で [can have several different\nroles](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/60764/5010). Here, it may be a\nreason marker (i.e., explaining to someone why he has a sweet), in which case\nthe combination of で + な roughly corresponds to \"you know\" in English. Or it\nmay be a simple \"continuation marker\". As [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54376/5010) suggests, this is a\ncommon pattern in Japanese, and this use of て/で can make the sentence sound\nsimply more natural.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-30T18:43:22.077",
"id": "73309",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-30T18:43:22.077",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73308",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
73308
|
73309
|
73309
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73316",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 安定のシリーズ四作目。 **前回で** 微妙だった部分をすぐに修正してきたのはさすが\n\nabout a the 4th game of a series\n\nfeels very unintuitive to me, compared to `前回の微妙だった部分` for instance",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-01T07:05:58.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73312",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-02T11:59:09.157",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-02T06:37:09.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "31573",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-で"
],
"title": "で in 前回で in this sentence",
"view_count": 226
}
|
[
{
"body": "This で represents a relatively minor usage, which can be translated \"at the\npoint/stage\", \"at the time when\", or \"when in/at\" (often with implicit\ncontrast to some other points).\n\n> 前回 **の** 微妙だった部分 _unimpressive features **of/in** the previous (game)_ \n> 前回 **で** 微妙だった部分 _unimpressive features (existed) **at the point of** the\n> previous (game)_\n\nOf course, in this case, the meaning does not change much as to what is\nreferred, but:\n\n> × 前回 **の** 修正されたバグが… \n> ○ 前回 **で** 修正されたバグが… _Bugs fixed in (the time of) the last release..._ \n> ≒ 前回修正されたバグが… \n> ……復活した。 ... _has occurred again._\n>\n> ○ 前回 **の** あらすじ _the last episode's digest_ (= in the last episode...) \n> × 前回 **での** あらすじ \n> cf. 前回 **までの** あらすじ _the digest as of the last episode_ (= previously\n> on...)\n\nSo the overall translation would be like:\n\n> The down-to-earth fourth title of the series (franchise). What's admirable\n> about them is their quickness in reworking of unimpressive features seen in\n> the previous one.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-02T08:02:18.947",
"id": "73316",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-02T08:02:18.947",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "73312",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "I take this で as functioning like the English \"about\" or \"with\" and being more\nor less synonymous with (more formal) \"において\". This usage is pretty common, I\nthink. Thus we find ample examples like this on the web such as:\n\n> \"私達の対応 **で** 悪いところ・残念なところを教えてください。\" \"Please tell us about bad points and/or\n> disappointing points **about/with** our response/treatment.\"\n>\n> \"英会話スクール **で** 不満な点は？\" \"(What are) things you find dissatisfying\n> **about/with** English conversation schools?\"\n>\n> \"乃木坂46の歌詞 **で** 分からない所。\" \"A part/parts I don't understand **about/with** the\n> lyrics of 乃木坂46.\"\n\nSo \"前回 **で** 微妙だった部分\" I'd translate to something like\n\n> \"parts/points that were \"meh\" **about/with** the previous installment\".\n\nAnd of course the version with a genitive \"の\" works too. (\"\"meh\" parts **of**\nthe previous installment\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-02T11:59:09.157",
"id": "73319",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-02T11:59:09.157",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "73312",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73312
|
73316
|
73316
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was trying to translate the lyrics of a kids' song for my sister who sent it\nto me, but I have trouble understanding one part of the lyrics:\n\n> 「課長 すてきです その一言 \n> ピュアなまでに鈍感」 \n> 「社長 すばらしい そのアイディア \n> 民蹴ちらす王のよう」\n\nWhat does その一言 ピュアなまでに鈍感 in particular mean? I don't even know how to separate\nthe words here... does it mean that 課長 is so insensitive that he becomes pure?\nAnd what does 一言 stand for? Does it refer to everything he says in general, or\nto one thing he said in particular?\n\nThe whole song is a pun based on Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa. The whole\nlyrics are [here](http://www.utamap.com/showkasi.php?surl=k-160518-118). \nAnd the song is [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_9EcGdaV6w) (it's from\nthe NHK).\n\nI have a few other difficulties, like for example why use the English word\n\"but\" in the middle of nowhere? Does it stand for some kind of joke/reference\nin Japanese?\n\nAnyway, many thanks for your help! :)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-01T22:26:40.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73313",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-02T15:44:21.017",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-02T15:26:01.007",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"song-lyrics",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "Trouble understanding one specific lyric in a song",
"view_count": 175
}
|
[
{
"body": "First of all, please keep in mind that the entire lyrics are made of _sarcasm_\nrather than _pun_. Everything in the brackets is what this \"Mona Lisa The\n[Otsubone](https://www.jlect.com/entry/3149/otsubone/)\" says. They are\nsuperficially compliments but are actually complaints. (In case you've missed\nthe implication of お局, please read the link.) A song full of black jokes like\nthis is certainly not a \"kid's song\". 一言, as the kanji suggest, refers to one\nspecific statement. So a translation would look like:\n\n> 課長 すてきです \n> Chief, you're so wonderful! \n> その一言 ピュアなまでに鈍感 \n> What you've just said (is) so purely/innocently...insensitive! \n> (More literally: \"... is insensitive to the point it's pure\". See the link\n> by @broccoliforest if you need grammatical explanation)\n>\n> 社長 すばらしい \n> President, how splendid! \n> そのアイディア 民蹴ちらす王のよう \n> That idea is like a tyrant wiping out his people!\n\nAs always, は has been omitted in those informal sentences.\n\n* * *\n\n> why use the english word \"but\" in the middle of nowhere?\n\nIt's there because the lyricist thought でも looked simply boring and\nunimpressive. Is this the first time you read Japanese lyrics? Whether good or\nbad, lyrics of Japanese pop songs often have English words or phrases with no\nparticular reason other than \"they sound nice\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-02T15:00:14.887",
"id": "73321",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-02T15:44:21.017",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-02T15:44:21.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73313",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73313
| null |
73321
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Are there examples of kanji compounds that have recognised on-yomi and kun-\nyomi readings for the one compound? Does the meaning vary depending on which\nreading is chosen?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-02T09:23:03.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73317",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-02T09:23:03.127",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36180",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "on-yomi and kun-yomi readings for the one compound?",
"view_count": 71
}
|
[] |
73317
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "What's the difference between:\n\n> 朝起きたら、まず顔を **洗い** 、コーヒーを **飲み** 、新聞を読みます。(ます－form）\n\nand\n\n> 朝起きたら、まず顔を **洗って** 、コーヒーを **飲んで** 、新聞を読みます。(て－form)\n\nBoth have the same meaning, but can I use this conjunctive ます stem with a\nperson which I don't know or with a boss?\n\nMaybe only for the talking or the writing?\n\nCan you help me?\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-02T14:34:33.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73320",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-03T00:33:35.207",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-03T00:33:35.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "36182",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between conjunctive forms: ～ます stem and ～て form",
"view_count": 296
}
|
[] |
73320
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73323",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm confused with this sentence.\n\n> 顔はやや仰向きがち に、天の栄光をながめやる 目が、深くやすらか にみひらかれて いた。\n\nI would like to understand how it's constructed.\n\nI think 目 is the passive subject of みひらかれて いた as が is its particle, but the\nproblem comes with the first part of the setence.\n\nVerbs suffixed by がち and then followed by に may function as an adverb, but\nthen how does it relate with 顔, which is followed by は?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-02T15:15:26.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73322",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-03T00:55:30.407",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-03T00:19:34.967",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "36117",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"particle-に",
"adverbs",
"suffixes",
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "How does this passive sentence work?",
"view_count": 133
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「顔{かお}はやや仰向{あおむ}きがち に、天{てん}の栄光{えいこう}をながめやる 目{め}が、深{ふか}くやすらか にみひらかれて いた。」\n\nYou ask:\n\n> **Verbs suffixed by がち** and then followed by に may function as an adverb,\n> but then how does it relate with 顔, which is is followed は?\n\n「仰向き」 is a **noun** here, not a verb. 「がち」 can be preceded by either the 連用形\nof a verb or a noun.\n\n「顔はやや仰向きがち **に** 」 adverbially modifies the following verb phrase\n「天の栄光をながめやる」.\n\n「天の栄光をながめやる」, of course, is a relative clause modifying 「目」.\n\n「目」 is the subject of the passive-voice verb phrase「みひらかれていた」.\n\nThus, the sentence structure is:\n\n> 「(description of head/face positioning + に), (qualifier + 目) + が +\n> (qualifier + passive-voice verb phrase みひらかれていた)。」\n\nMy own TL (which is not the main part of this answer):\n\n> \"With his/her head mostly facing upwards, his/her eyes that gazed out at the\n> heavenly glory were widely opened.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-02T21:12:53.757",
"id": "73323",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-03T00:55:30.407",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-03T00:55:30.407",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73322",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73322
|
73323
|
73323
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73341",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The dictionary says that 刹那主義 means \"principle of living only for the moment\"\nand 快楽主義 means \"hedonism/epicureanism\", but I also found entries that say\nepicureanism for the former. I don't think they are interchangeable, but I\ncan't seem to grasp their nuance very well. I found these words in a\ncharacter's profile and this how his description starts (刹那主義,快楽主義). \n \nCalling the character just hedonistic would be accurate given his personality,\nbut, does it sound alright if I translate as \"A hedonist who lives for the\npleasure of the moment\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-03T05:19:29.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73324",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-04T07:11:40.513",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-03T05:57:04.527",
"last_editor_user_id": "22175",
"owner_user_id": "22175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 刹那主義 and 快楽主義?",
"view_count": 144
}
|
[
{
"body": "If what you want to say by the word\n\"[hedonism](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/hedonism)\" is:\n\n> living and behaving in ways that mean you get as much pleasure out of life\n> as possible, according to the belief that the most important thing in life\n> is to enjoy yourself\n\nthen you understand both words correctly. \"Epicureanism\" as an English word is\na popularized metaphor which is often not even true to the philosophy Epicurus\nhimself had advocated, not to mention translation. (The \"real\" epicureanism as\nan ancient Greek philosophy is called エピクロス主義.)\n\n> _does it sound alright if I translate as \"A hedonist who lives for the\n> pleasure of the moment\"?_\n\nYes, you are right about this interpretation of 刹那主義, because, as [the\ndictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%88%B9%E9%82%A3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9/)\nsays:\n\n> 過去や将来のことを考えないで、ただ現在の瞬間を充実させて生きればよいとする考え方。 **また、一時的な快楽を求めようとする考え方。**",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-04T07:11:40.513",
"id": "73341",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-04T07:11:40.513",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "73324",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73324
|
73341
|
73341
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While 深い (ふかい) means \"profound; deep; dense\", 箆 (へら, の), as a noun, means\n\"spatula; arrow shaft\" in japanese and, originally, \"fine-toothed comb\" in\nchinese.\n\nThis word is used adverbially in this sentence:\n\n> 箆深く射された矢がなかった。\n\n箆深く could mean something like \"deep as an arrow\" or \"arrow-like deep\", but\nwould it not be redundant if it appears before 矢?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-03T13:17:27.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73327",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-03T14:57:35.180",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36117",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"usage",
"reading-comprehension",
"i-adjectives",
"semantics"
],
"title": "What would 箆深い (のぶかい) mean?",
"view_count": 91
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「箆深{のぶか}く射{さ}された矢{や}がなかった。」\n\n「箆{の}」, in this context, means a \" **bamboo arrow shaft** \". There is indeed a\n「竹」 (\"bamboo\") radical used at the top of the kanji.\n\n「箆深{のぶか}し」 is an adjective which\n[大辞林](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%AF%A6%E6%B7%B1%E3%81%97%E3%83%BB%E7%AE%86%E6%B7%B1%E3%81%97-354741)\ndefines as:\n\n> 矢が根元{ねもと}まで深くささっている。\n>\n> \"(of an arrow) stuck through (an object)\"\n\n「箆深く」 is the 連用形 of 「箆深し」 functioning adverbially.\n\nThe arrow was not there to see.\n\n> 箆深く could mean something like \"deep as an arrow\" or \"arrow-like deep\", but\n> would it not be redundant if it appears before 矢?\n\nI personally see no redundancy here as 「矢」 does not appear _directly_ in the\nadjective 「箆深く」.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-03T14:57:35.180",
"id": "73329",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-03T14:57:35.180",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73327",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73327
| null |
73329
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Are Japanese first names Erika, Emiri, Marie etc. loaned from gai(koku)jin\nlanguages?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-03T17:11:30.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73330",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-03T18:00:10.270",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-03T17:16:41.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "36191",
"owner_user_id": "36191",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"names"
],
"title": "Loaned female first names",
"view_count": 124
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is indeed quite common to give names which are (partially) intended as\nnames from Western languages, for example （女）えりか、えみり、まりえ、もにか、にいな or\n（男）れお、れおん、ろびん、れい、…\n\nOf course some names lend themselves to this process more than others and it\nis not at all uncommon to use _kanji_ to write the name, for example 愛利歌【えりか】\nor 玲旺【れお】. The child can nevertheless use the Western equivalent (Erica, Leo,\netc.) internationally. (For many people names like 龍之介 _Ryūnosuke_ would\nprobably prove much more difficult to remember or pronounce.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-03T18:00:10.270",
"id": "73333",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-03T18:00:10.270",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "73330",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73330
| null |
73333
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73340",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Since Japanese is incredibly rich in onomatopoeic expressions which are\ncommonly understood by most adults, I am wondering if adults ever make up new\nonomatopoeia on the fly, or if they always use those which they have \"learned\"\nand which are commonly understood (and there is a very, very long list of\n\"common\" onomatopoeiae).\n\nYoung children probably do not know onomatopoeia for all situations and I\nthink I have seen adults \"correct\" children on their \"incorrect\" (or\nimprovised) use — for example, a 4-year-old child might use ざらざら where がさがざ\nwould be more appropriate. (Of course, children learning Japanese natively\nwill pick up onomatopoeia like any other word and usually don't need to be\nactively taught/corrected.)\n\nI also guess that popular media can coin new onomatopoeia, which get included\nin the list of commonly known ones. Are there any notable examples that still\nprevail? Are there examples which have fallen out of use?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-03T17:35:03.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73331",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-05T07:04:04.720",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-05T07:04:04.720",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "Do native speakers ever create/improvise onomatopoeia?",
"view_count": 301
}
|
[
{
"body": "Sorry I can't answer your question directly.\n\nHowever, there is a [great\ndeal](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333157685_An_Investigation_of_Phonological_Features_and_Acoustic_Features_to_Auto-\nClassify_Japanese_Onomatopoeias_into_Semantic_Usage_Category) of [sound\nsymbolism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_sound_symbolism) in\nJapanese. Some authors coin new onomatopoeia for translating [foreign\nconcepts](https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=30106), or\n[utilize](https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=-2O1DwAAQBAJ&dq=coining%20onomatopoeia%20in%20Japanese&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s)\nonomatopoeic affixes just like Kango affixes ( _zazamushi_ was coined with\n_zaza_ symbolizing the sound of waterflow, and _mushi_ meaning \"insect\") .",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-04T01:59:25.903",
"id": "73339",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-04T01:59:25.903",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30375",
"parent_id": "73331",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "My feeling is that if you genuinely find an onomatopoeia that works better\nthan existing ones, you can certainly use it on the fly. This is really hard\nthough, as a) there are already so many of them, and b) there are unwritten\nrules that restrict possible onomatopoeia that will communicate successfully.\n\nChildren often do create new onomatopoeia, but if you are an adult it would be\nvery rare. I found [an article](https://www.icc.ac.jp/nakayama/03.pdf) that\ntried to discover the usage of previously unknown onomatopoeia in mangas. Only\n2% of onomatopoeia was new according to them. This is however in a very\ncreative environment. If one uses new onomatopoeia in real-life conversations\n2% of the time they will probably sound silly. That said, you could use the\n\"new\" onomatopoeia they identify (I'm using quotes because 3 out of 5 of them\ndon't feel new to me) without problem in informal conversations (they\nare:「がこん」「てっ」「ぴきん」「ぽう」「わしゃわしゃ」).\n\nAs to examples that have fallen out of use, がびーん、がーん apparently has (I can't\nconfirm this though as I've been out of Japan for some time now - I still use\nthem :) ).",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-04T05:42:27.330",
"id": "73340",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-04T05:42:27.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "73331",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
73331
|
73340
|
73340
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Does the particle に indicate direction in these sentences or why is it used\nhere? Would someone be so kind to explain?\n\n> 1. わたしはかみ **に** えがく。 I draw on paper.\n>\n> 2. せんせい **に** しつもんをしている。 I ask the teacher a question.\n>\n> 3. たんじょうび **に** たくさんのプレゼントをもらった。 I got a lot of presents for my birthday.\n>\n> 4. あなた **に** なにがあった？ What happened to you?\n>\n> 5. がっこう **に** ちこくした。 I was late to school.\n>\n> 6. がっこう **に** おべんとうをもっていく。 I'll ~~bring~~ take lunch to school.\n>\n> 7. これはけんこう **に** よい。 This is good for the health.\n>\n> 8. せんせいのしつもん **に** こたえた。 I answered the teachers question.\n>\n>\n\nI think in case 9. に is used as a time particle. But shouldn't it be は though,\nlike 明日は, 今年は etc. ?\n\n> 9. ひるごはん **に** らめんをたべましょう。 Let's eat ramen for lunch.\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-03T17:47:07.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73332",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-03T18:26:10.150",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-03T18:26:10.150",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "34859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why is に used in these sentences?",
"view_count": 97
}
|
[] |
73332
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73364",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「犯人 **とはいわないまでも** 何があったのか尋問できるのはお姉ちゃんだけだ！」\n\nDoes this pattern have the same meaning as the one explained here:\n[とまではいかないまでも\nmeaning](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30100/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF%E3%81%84%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82-meaning)?\n\nI think it is different from the explanation linkend above. The linked example\n‘includes’ statement A and B as true, while here statement A (犯人) is\n’excluded’ while statement B (尋問できる) is ‘included’ as property/\"feature\" of\n「お姉ちゃん」 (Translated along the lines of \"not going as far as to say that\nsomething/someone/etc. is X but something/someone/etc. (obviously) is Y \")\n\nContext:\n\nThe speaker talks to a female prisoner that was caught in a mysterious\nincident (invoving around 50 deaths) within the prison. She herself is not the\nculprit in this but at the same time the only person that survived the\nincident...\n\n(Preceding sentence: 「懲罰房東で生き残ったのは刑務所側からすればお姉ちゃだけで！」 Original \"separation\" of\nthe sentence\": 「犯人、とはいわないまでも、何があったのか、尋問できるのは、お姉ちゃん、だけだ！」)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-03T19:50:34.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73336",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-05T15:00:39.217",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-04T15:28:20.350",
"last_editor_user_id": "35673",
"owner_user_id": "35673",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Figuring out what 「言わないまでも」means in this sentence",
"view_count": 244
}
|
[
{
"body": "Aとは言わないまでもB and Aとは行かないまでもB are usually interchangeable, and they mean \"B, if\nnot A\", \"I don't mean A, but B\" or \"I won't go so far as to say A, but (at\nleast) B\". This までも is an old way of saying \"even though\", so you can think of\nit simply as と(まで)は言わないが. Your sentence roughly means \"I'm not saying she has\nkilled them, but (at least I would say) she's the only person you can\ninterrogate\".\n\nThe linked example is the same; read the answer carefully. The sentence means\n\"It's **not** something that can fulfill every wish, but still it's more than\nvaluable for a magician.\"\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, many J-E and E-J dictionaries list \"not to say A\" as a valid\ntranslation of Aとは言わないまでも, but according to\n[this](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/22135/what-is-meant-by-\nsaying-x-not-to-say-y) and online E-E dictionary definitions, it may be a\nmistake. (Isn't this English idiom counter-intuitive?) For example,\n暑いとは言わないまでも暖かい means \"It is warm, if not hot\" rather than \"It is warm, or even\nhot\".",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T14:34:07.657",
"id": "73364",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-05T15:00:39.217",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-05T15:00:39.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73336",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
73336
|
73364
|
73364
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73338",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\n\nIf you can help me with this translation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-03T22:03:04.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73337",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-03T22:32:39.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "\"予備あるしさ\" What does this phrase mean? I was reading the manga and I didn't understand",
"view_count": 128
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think it means, that she has some extra knitting material. And now she is\nsearching for it in her bag, so that he can try to knit as well. 予備 means\nreserve, spare.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-03T22:32:39.240",
"id": "73338",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-03T22:32:39.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36193",
"parent_id": "73337",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
73337
|
73338
|
73338
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73345",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have a form for a medical check-up that asks what category best describes\nthe 業務内容 of your occupation.\n\nOne of the choices is 技術・研究 and another is 生産・技能.\n\nA monolingual dictionary is of no help because it defines 技能 with 技術. \nI can't decide between\n\n> Technology/Research and Manufacturing/Crafts \n> and \n> Engineering/Research and Manufacturing/Technical\n\nbut engineering for 技術 seems like a bit of a stretch, especially because I\ndon't see it being lumped together with research. 技能 being categorized with 生産\nmakes me think it's more along the lines of \"skilled worker\" but that's not a\ncategory of occupation.\n\nI also referenced [this Wikipedia page on categories of\noccupations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Classification_of_Occupations).\nWhich had **Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers** and **Craft\nand related trades workers**. I wondered if 技能 could be so broad as to include\nboth of these, but being put with manufacturing makes me think it is only\ncrafts.\n\nSo, when referring to an occupation, does 技能 mean something as specific as\ncrafts and is 技術 referring to all technical fields? \nOr is 技能 technical fields and 技術 more specific as in engineering?\n\nThank you for any help sorting this out.\n\nNote: I have already seen [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3829/what-are-the-\ndifferences-between-%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93-and-%E6%8A%80%E8%83%BD). It didn't\nhelp.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-04T15:49:01.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73343",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-04T19:11:01.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1761",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 技能 and 技術 in terms of 業務内容",
"view_count": 147
}
|
[
{
"body": "From <https://business-textbooks.com/gizyustu-ginou/>\n\n> ...すなわち、「技術」は知識を指し、「技能」は能力を指すという分け方です。\n\nTo provide a rough distinction and my rough interpretations (in English) of\nsource material (in Japanese) from above link:\n\n * 技術 refers to \"knowledge\" of how to use something discovered by science/engineering that enables or empowers. \n\n> 「技術」にはまた、「科学によって生まれた成果を、人間の生活に役立てる方法」といった意味もあります。\n\n * 技能 refers to \"ability\" to do, or \"art of\" doing something well. \n\n> 「技能」とは、「あることを行うための腕前、能力」を意味する言葉です。ものごとを行うにあたって、よりスムーズにうまく遂行できる技量を意味します。\n\nI agree particularly with the following idea that \"技能 is attached to a human\"\nfrom the answer from [What are the differences between 技術 and\n技能?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3829/what-are-the-\ndifferences-between-%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93-and-%E6%8A%80%E8%83%BD)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-04T18:27:09.527",
"id": "73344",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-04T18:27:09.527",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29590",
"parent_id": "73343",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I'm not an expert in labor categorization, but as a layperson, I'd translate\n技術・研究 as \"Technology/Research\" and it would include researchers, engineers,\nanalysts etc.\n\nI'd translate 生産・技能 as \"Manufacturing/Skilled-work\", and it could indeed\ninclude broad occupations like skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery\nworkers, Crafts and related trades workers, builders, cooks and so on. I think\nthis definition works well:\n\n> worker who specializes in a particular occupation that requires work\n> experience, on-the-job training, and often formal vocational education, but\n> not a bachelor's degree\n\nIf there are other categories like 農業, of course, it would exclude\nagricultural workes but I don't think it would be strange for agricultural\nworkers to be included in 技能 (same for other occupations I listed).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-04T19:11:01.023",
"id": "73345",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-04T19:11:01.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "73343",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73343
|
73345
|
73345
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\n\nI’ve been searching radicals on Jisho and other places but I can’t find a\nkanji to match this one.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-04T23:51:11.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73348",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-05T13:48:45.280",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-04T23:59:38.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "36202",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"hiragana",
"handwriting",
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "What is this Kanji? I can’t find it anywhere?",
"view_count": 2694
}
|
[
{
"body": "That’s likely not a kanji, but rather a hiragana そ ( _so_ ) in its\nsplit/handwritten form (like on the right here):\n\n",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-04T23:53:49.840",
"id": "73349",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-04T23:53:49.840",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "73348",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 14
}
] |
73348
| null |
73349
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73413",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 彼女は小学３年生の時に日本に引っ越してきて、それがたまたま私達のクラスだった。\n>\n> 私達と出会うまで楽器の経験がなかったのが、信じられないほどヴィオラを巧みに操っている。\n>\n> しかも、父が有名な画家で絵をたしなむ。\n>\n> この前の誕生日プレゼントにもらった彼女の絵は、とても素晴らしくて宝物になった。\n\ni'm not sure if ...彼女の絵 is saying \"her drawing that she got as a birthday\npresent (from her father)\" or \"the drawing she drew that her father got as a\nbirthday present\".\n\nGiven how the first part of this is extolling her brilliance as a musician it\nwould only be fitting to also suggest her mastery of other arts, but the しかも\nstart of the 3rd sentence makes it hard to absolutely assume that.\n\nSince に marks the source of something is received from but is marking\n前の誕生日プレゼント in this case, i find it awkward to rearrange this relative clause.\n\nthe ambiguity of 父が有名な画家で絵をたしなむ make it harder to decifer.\n\nif someone is a \"有名な画家\", can they be someone only \"has a taste for painting\"?\n\nthanks",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T00:30:44.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73351",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T14:05:16.703",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-11T14:05:16.703",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31573",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "grammar of 前の誕生日プレゼントにもらった彼女の絵",
"view_count": 248
}
|
[
{
"body": "この前の can mean \"last, latest, previous\" (≂前回の) or \"recent, sometime ago\"\n(≂最近の/この間の).\n\n彼女の絵 means \"the drawing that she draw\" in this context.\n\nThe subject of この前の誕生日プレゼントにもらった is the speaker. It literally means \"I\nreceived as my last/recent birthday present\".\n\nThe に means **\"as\" or \"for\" (≂として)**. For this usage of に, see: [に to indicate\nthe role you want something to\nplay?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/65432/9831)\n\n> （私が）この前の誕生日プレゼント **に** （彼女から）もらった彼女の絵は、とても素晴らしくて...\n\nLiterally: \"Her drawing that I received from her **as** my last birthday\npresent was so wonderful...\" \n→ \"Her drawing she gave me **for** my last birthday was wonderful...\"\n\n* * *\n\nThe で is the continuative form of the copula だ. Considering the context, the\ntopic of this sentence should be 彼女. You could split it into two pieces, like\nthis:\n\n> （彼女は）父が有名な画家 **で** 絵をたしなむ。 \n> → （彼女は）父が有名な画家だ。+ （彼女は）絵をたしなむ。\n\n_Lit._ \"(Speaking of her), the father is a famous painter.\" + \"(She) enjoys\npainting.\"\n\nFor more on the structure 「XはYが~~」(eg「象は鼻が長い」「彼女は目が青い」), these threads might\nbe of help:\n\n * [Can だ/だった be omitted before conjunctive が?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/44349/9831)\n * [Can two clauses joined by masu-stem form have a reason-action relationship?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/61290/9831)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-08T03:47:13.113",
"id": "73413",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-08T05:07:25.253",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-08T05:07:25.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "73351",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73351
|
73413
|
73413
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am currently trying to learning Japanese by reading manga. So far so good,\nbut this kanji is too blurry for me to figure out. Anyone know what this could\nbe? [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RYJit.png)\n\nI'm 98% sure the first character means 'eye' but the second one below\nit...Beats me. Thx in advance!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T02:05:41.117",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73354",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-05T16:52:57.360",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-05T16:52:57.360",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "36203",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"reading-comprehension",
"writing-identification"
],
"title": "Help identifying blurry kanji",
"view_count": 237
}
|
[
{
"body": "That should be 「目輝」.\n\n「目輝{めかがや}く」, for instance, means \"someone's eyes are\nshining/beaming/sparkling, etc.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T03:46:52.187",
"id": "73357",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-05T10:36:41.517",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-05T10:36:41.517",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73354",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73354
| null |
73357
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73356",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Just want to ask if this is normal or I am just fighting the wrong way.\n\n`かっこいい` say this word has the final 2 `い` which shall take 2 length of the `i`\nsound.\n\nI am struggling to keep trying to speak with 2 length letter period. I think\nthis is crucial to the meaning also to grow some sense of awareness about\nthis.\n\nWill this be ever a problem for local Japanese to learn to speak? I mean if\nwith this type of word with 2 consecutive length of same sound, when you teach\nhow to say word without knowing the spell, is it even detectable by the child\nor student? Is it some issue as well so you need to remind them that this\nneeds to pay attention?\n\nI am not sure if I need to use my head for this because it becomes such\ndistraction as well. So it needs to become a habit for sure or sub-conscience\ncoordination of my brain and my mouth.\n\nAnyways, just wondering how local Japanese teach this kind of word to\nchildren.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T02:12:44.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73355",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-05T18:41:34.560",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-05T18:41:34.560",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11795",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"phonetics",
"linguistics",
"gemination",
"long-vowels"
],
"title": "Do native speakers learn consonant and vowel length easily, or is it difficult?",
"view_count": 632
}
|
[
{
"body": "I assume that you are asking whether native speakers can detect, as a child,\nwhether a vowel is long (マーナ) or short (マナ). The answer is yes, infants can\ndetect it by age 9.5 months according to the paper by [Sato, Sogabe, Mazuka,\n\"Discrimination of phonemic vowel length by Japanese infants\" American\nPsychological Association,\n2009](https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-24671-002)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T03:32:35.433",
"id": "73356",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-05T03:32:35.433",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36205",
"parent_id": "73355",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "I wouldn't worry too much about it, the more you listen to Japanese the more\nit will naturally come to you. In any case, Long vowels are not something\nyou'll be struggling with in the long run, eventually it will become natural,\ntrying to force it often lead to awkward situation.\n\nJust let the sounds come out a tiny bit longer when pronouncing long vowels.\n\nOne easy way to practice this is with かわいい ＆ かわいくない\n\nKA-WA-I-I\n\nKA-WA-I-KU-NA-i\n\nIf you practice with those two remember that the I in かわいくない while heard is\nsharp like in all Japanese vowels, the moment you pronounce a vowels even\nslightly longer Japanese native will pick it up.\n\nGood luck!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T18:32:20.447",
"id": "73370",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-05T18:32:20.447",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36215",
"parent_id": "73355",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73355
|
73356
|
73356
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73365",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was discussing with a friend about the word `人孔`, and I know I read (or was\ntold) that it's taken from the English \"manhole\", literally juxtaposing the\nkanji for \"man\" with that for \"hole\", since for a while that's what Japanese\ndid, giving a kanji writing to new concept/words instead of just taking them\n(like with `ミス`); I was unable to find where I read/was told that, though, and\nsearching on Google was unhelpful. I was just able to find that in Chinese the\nword is different, so it's not a loan from there.\n\nCan someone confirm or deny this etymology? Is `人孔` a native word, or does it\nderive from English?\n\nEdit: in the comments Leebo stresses that Chinese is listed in the Wikitionary\nentry for `人孔`, which I misread in my research.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T09:17:48.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73358",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-06T03:35:02.830",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-05T16:21:19.713",
"last_editor_user_id": "35362",
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Is 人孔 from English?",
"view_count": 2620
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is a linguistic phenomenon called \" **calque** \" or \"loan translation\".\nIn Japanese, it is called 「翻訳借用{ほんやくしゃくよう}」.\n\nA calque is a word that has been borrowed from another language by the method\nof literally translating the foreign word \"component-by-component\".\n\nThis is, therefore, a completely different method from homophonic translation\n(aka 'katakanization'), which takes the form of, for instance, \"manhole\" to\n「マンホール」.\n\nThe more 'famous' calques used in Japanese include:\n\n・「鉄道{てつどう}」 from \"Eisenbahn\" in German (literally, \"iron\" + \"road\")\n\n・「脚注{きゃくちゅう}」 from \"footnote\" in English\n\n・「鍵盤{けんばん}」 from \"keyboard\" in English\n\nWhether 「人孔{じんこう}」 was calqued directly from English into Japanese or it came\nvia Chinese, it would be safe to label the word as a calque.\n\nBy the way, 「人孔」 is not a common word **_at all_** in Japanese. It sounds\nterribly technical. Wonder why you were discussing it.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T17:04:50.233",
"id": "73365",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-06T01:41:22.947",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-06T01:41:22.947",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73358",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
},
{
"body": "It's a thing in Mandarin world (Taiwan maybe?) to know several Japan\nregion(Prefectures/cities) has unique emblem in its manhole cover(マンホールの蓋)\ndesign. As result, the term (人孔/人孔蓋) is a more used Kanji in Chinese instead\nof Japanese (人孔蓋 is a fairly common term in Mandarin news report that I\nremembered)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T22:31:39.480",
"id": "73371",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-06T01:02:54.250",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-06T01:02:54.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "14055",
"owner_user_id": "14055",
"parent_id": "73358",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Native Japanese speaker here.\n\nSo as @l'électeur pointed out, 「人孔」 would in theory fall under this umbrella\nof a calque.\n\nHowever, in this case, 「マンホール」is far, far more common. In the 18 years I've\nlived in Japan, I've heard the word「人孔」exactly 0 times. That's how common (or\nrather, uncommon) it is. In fact, you said 「そこの人孔に気をつけてください。」 to someone on\nthe street, they probably wouldn't understand you.\n\nJust out of curiosity, I looked up「人孔」, and the definition for the word was:\n「マンホール」\n\nSo yeah, pretty useless word. If you're a foreigner learning the Japanese\nlanguage, I recommend you just forget about the existence of the word\nentirely.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T03:35:02.830",
"id": "73377",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-06T03:35:02.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36222",
"parent_id": "73358",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
73358
|
73365
|
73365
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73366",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "everyone I was in an awsome izakaya in Osaka but wasnt able to figure out the\nname of it and stuff like it is private owned or of a chain.\n\nBelow is a picture of its front (google translate etc. cant translate it). Its\nbehind Tennoji Station in Osaka.\n\nThanks alot in Advance!\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ygQNH.png)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T11:14:17.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73359",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-05T17:34:56.040",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-05T17:20:12.733",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "36207",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"parsing",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Whats the name of this izakaya?",
"view_count": 140
}
|
[
{
"body": "As indicated in Japanese by [the link that l'électeur posted in the\ncomment](https://www.hotpepper.jp/strJ001036886/), the name is a bit long:\n\n * 串【くし】カツ天下茶屋【てんがちゃや】 カメちゃん 天王寺店【てんのうじてん】\n\nNames of stores that end in ～店 often indicate that this is a branch of a\nchain. In the above Japanese, the 天王寺店【てんのうじてん】 on the end tells us that this\nis the \"Tennōji store\". That matches what you've told us about this place.\n\n[Here's a Google search that also spits out the name in _romaji_ (the Latin\nalphabet)](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A1%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%93%22+%E5%B1%85%E9%85%92%E5%B1%8B).\n\n * Kushikatsu-tengachaya Kamechan Kyobashi\n\nFor this one, it's the branch located in the Kyobashi neighborhood.\n\nSo it's clearly a chain. The full name of the chain, cleaned up a bit from\nGoogle's simple rendering and minus branch / location, would be **Kushikatsu\nTengachaya Kame-chan**. Breaking this down into its parts:\n\n * _Kushi_ = skewers, _katsu_ = deep-fried meat cutlets, so _kushikatsu_ = fried meat on sticks. ([English Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushikatsu))\n * _Tengachaya_ is an area in Osaka, probably where the chain first started. ([Japanese Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushikatsu); there isn't an English article about the area, but [there is one about the train station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengachaya_Station))\n * _Kame-chan_ is a name or nickname, where _kame_ = \"turtle\" (apparently a feminine given name, [if this ENAMDICT entry is correct](http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-bin/wwwjdic?2MUJ%E4%BA%80)), and _-chan_ is a a suffix put on names to show endearment ([WWWJDICT entry](http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-bin/wwwjdic?1MUJ%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%93))\n\nThe long name can probably be shortened to just _Kame-chan_ , so long as you\nmake it clear that you're talking about the restaurant and not a person named\n_Kame_.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T17:19:46.347",
"id": "73366",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-05T17:34:56.040",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-05T17:34:56.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "73359",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73359
|
73366
|
73366
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Japan had contact with China, India and the Mongols, among others. Is there a\nterm they used for Asia (in the sense of \"land mass where China is\" or such)\nbefore \"アジア\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T12:52:56.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73361",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-06T16:09:38.110",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-05T13:05:38.413",
"last_editor_user_id": "36210",
"owner_user_id": "36210",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 14,
"tags": [
"words",
"loanwords",
"culture"
],
"title": "Did the Japanese have a concept of \"Asia\" apart from the Eurocentric definition?",
"view_count": 281
}
|
[
{
"body": "**Short Answer:**\n\nAs for the Japanese language, we didn't have such a word and I don't think we\nshould have had. Ancient Japanese only knew as far as India, that means they\nonly knew one \"landmass\" in their world. Just like the Nile means \"river\", or\nthe Sahara means \"desert\", it was not supposed to have a name, except \"outside\nof Japan\".\n\n* * *\n\n**Long Explanation:**\n\nMost geographic knowledge outside of Japan was introduced with Buddhism in\nolden times. As a result, ordinary Japanese were said to only recognize\nroughly three regions in this world: Japan, China, and India. Japan has had\nconstant communication with the Chinese cultural sphere, but India was close\nto a religious \"Promised Land\" which is too remote to see with your own eyes.\nWe have an old-fashioned idiom 唐天竺の果てまでも \"to the very end of China and India\"\nwhich is like saying \"to the Timbuktu\" (see [Metaphorical equivalent of\nTimbuktu or Outer Mongolia](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38457/7810)).\nThe names of both China and India are often used as synonyms of any far-off\nland, in a way we call _guinea pigs_ テンジクネズミ (\"Indian mouse\"; but from South\nAmerica), or _maize corn_ トウモロコシ (confusingly \"Chinese China\", because モロコシ\nalready means _sorghum_ ; also from Americas).\n\nThough numerous places related to China and India (as far as Eastern Rome)\nwere recorded in Chinese chronicles, it is doubtful if Japanese made to grasp\nthem as geographic entities more than accessories of those realms. According\nto [this paper](http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/handle/10108/81589), at the early\nstage of the contact with Spanish and Portuguese, Japanese were unable to\nidentify the subcontinent where they said their intermediate ports were\nlocated as \"India\" (天竺), by the time Buddhism was almost perished. They,\nincluding overseas merchants, instead believed that Southeast Asia, which was\nthe center of Buddhism at that time, was their \"India\".\n\nAfter the acceptance of the Western geography, there still sometimes was\nmanifestation of the traditional world view. An interesting example is\n[南瞻部洲萬國掌菓之圖](https://kochizu.gsi.go.jp/items/165) (click for the original map)\ndrawn in 1710. In this map, the idealized India occupies the center one-third,\nand another one-third to right is South-to-East Asian areas. The whole other\nhalf of Eurasia is crammed into the top-left of India, with Europe seen at the\nvery corner like a cluttered marshland (the Netherlands seems to have a high\nmountain! :D). Of course, this is rather a conceptual image like [T and O\nmaps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_and_O_map) of Christianity.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uEsc5.png)\n\nCompare it to [喎蘭新譯地球全圖](https://kochizu.gsi.go.jp/items/198), a faithful\nreproduction of the state-of-art Dutch cartography, drawn in 1796. Most of the\ngeographical features and descriptions were correct as much as what modern\npeople expect. It employs a vast amount of Western concepts as well, including\nthe division \"Asia\".\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nQ2XB.png)\n\nWe can see that Japanese in the middle ages never had a chance to know the\nworld to the west of India, thus impossible to objectively recognize the\nconcept of \"continent\" unless it means \"land outside of the islands of Japan\",\nwhich would be equal to \"all other parts of world\". We do have a word now,\nnamely 東洋 \"the East\", typically equivalent with that traditional range of\nworld we used to imagine, but this is obviously an idea after the contact with\nthe European civilization.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T16:09:38.110",
"id": "73387",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-06T16:09:38.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "73361",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 14
}
] |
73361
| null |
73387
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I am a developer on Speaking Email, an app that reads out email in any\nlanguage.\n\nI am working on our email signature detector and I'm looking for some examples\nof Japanese phrases that would be found in an email signature.\n\nSpecifically I am looking for things like \"kind regards\" (as used in English)\nthat would be very uncommon to find at the beginning or middle but very\ncommonly signify the end of an email.\n\nI gather \"thank you\" is commonly used at the end of emails in Japanese but it\nis also just as common in the middle of an email, so it is not ideal. Are\nthere any other common phrases to sign off an email?\n\nI would like the Japanese characters as they are written in an email.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T13:14:27.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73362",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-05T13:14:27.187",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36211",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"greetings",
"email"
],
"title": "Email signature detection - what are some common phrases to sign off emails?",
"view_count": 88
}
|
[] |
73362
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73394",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "~がる is used to describe third person's feeling but today I found this word\n\"強がる私\" I don't know why 強がる is used with first person like 私.\n\nIs it because the speaker speaks in other point of view ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T17:50:45.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73367",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-07T04:30:55.380",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-05T19:35:24.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "32181",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "強がる usage and meaning",
"view_count": 280
}
|
[
{
"body": "[`強がる`](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%BC%B7%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8B) is a word per\nse, meaning \"to pretend to be tough\"; I think it can be used also for first\nperson.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-05T18:03:37.453",
"id": "73368",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-05T18:03:37.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"parent_id": "73367",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "If there is a reason, you can safely use がる for a first-person subject,\nbecause the basic meaning of がる is \"to show signs/indications of ～\". See:\n\n * [Another example where I don't know if 欲しい or 欲しがる is right](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3105/5010)\n * [Can たい and たがる be used for a 1st/2nd/3rd person's desire?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/23861/5010)\n * [When to use 欲しがる instead of 欲しい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2524/5010)\n\nHere 強がる is basically a lexicalized verb and thus has a negative overtone, but\nthis がる still means \"to show signs\", and there is no reason you cannot use it\nwith a first-person subject.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-07T04:30:55.380",
"id": "73394",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-07T04:30:55.380",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73367",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73367
|
73394
|
73394
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73373",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Would \"死んでいたそう(ね)\" be an appropriate translation for \"looks like you almost\ndied (there)\"?\n\nImagine you throw your scarf around your neck and almost hit a person. Except\na scarf hardly hurts and actually it was so far away it could have never hit\nthe person. Yet the person looks at you as if you almost killed her/him.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T01:19:16.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73372",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-08T22:33:35.230",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10261",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "appropriate sarcastic \"almost died\"",
"view_count": 405
}
|
[
{
"body": "Among the most common and natural-sounding phrases for that type of situations\nwould be:\n\n> 「死ぬところだったね。」\n>\n> 「死んじゃうところだったね。」\n>\n> 「死ぬかと思ったでしょう？」\n\nI would personally recommend the second one above.\n\n「\"死んでいたそう(ね)\"」 would not work because it expresses hearsay meaning:\n\n\"I hear (someone) was already dead (then).\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T01:30:38.863",
"id": "73373",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-06T01:30:38.863",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73372",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I think these might sound funny if said quickly / abruptly\n\n> なくならないようにお願い。 \n> 死亡しそうだと思った。気を付けてね。 \n> くたばちゃたっら、いけないなのでご注意ね。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T02:11:21.510",
"id": "73376",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-08T22:33:35.230",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-08T22:33:35.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "3962",
"owner_user_id": "3962",
"parent_id": "73372",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
73372
|
73373
|
73373
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73390",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「熄み」appears in a song「インフェルノ」\n\n> 照らすは闇 僕らは歩き慣れてきた日々も淘汰 \n> 夢は安泰な暮らしだが 刺激不足故にタラタラ \n> 照らすは **熄み** 僕らの歩き慣れていた道はどこだ \n> 時はたまに癪だが 温もりに包まれ只\n\nIt is pronounced やみ in the song, the same as 闇. I have never seen this word\nbefore. And strangely enough I can't find out much about it. [A page that\nstrives to explain the song\nlyrics](https://www.teaandsoup-p.com/blog/?p=11346) shows 「熄み」 in the lyrics\nbut a couple lines down in the explanation section it is replaced by 「闇」. Do\nthey have the same meaning? What is 「熄み」's deal (etymology, currency, literary\nexamples)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T02:06:30.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73375",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-06T17:51:35.973",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-06T02:15:12.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30454",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"etymology",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "What are「熄み」's etymology and meaning",
"view_count": 545
}
|
[
{
"body": "## Flexibility in Japanese written forms\n\nWritten Japanese has two layers to it -- the words as pronounced, and the\nwords as written. This double-layering allows authors to play around with\nnuance in ways that just aren't possible in other languages, like 月光【ムーンライト】\nor 巾着【さいふ】 or 紅葉【はっぱのはなび】.\n\n## 熄【や】み in specific\n\nYour example isn't quite as much of a stretch, as や(み) is actually one of the\nrecognized _kun'yomi_ for the kanji 熄. See also the entries [at\nWWWJDIC](http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-bin/wwwjdic?1MMC%E7%86%84) or [at the\nJapanese Wiktionary](https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%86%84). Note that this\nis a so-called 表外字【ひょうがいじ】 or literally \"off-the-chart character\", as it is\nnot included in the list of 常用漢字【じょうようかんじ】 or \"general-use kanji\", and this\ncharacter is therefore somewhat rare.\n\nIn terms of nuance, 闇【やみ】 refers to \"darkness\", while 熄【や】み brings in shades\nof \"ceasing, halting, disappearing\".\n\n## Etymology (word origins)\n\nBoth terms reflect a root verb _yamu_ meaning something close to the 熄 sense:\n\"stopping, extinguishing, disappearing\". This is related in turn with words\nlike:\n\n * 止【や】む: something ongoing stops, such as the rain\n * 止【や】める: to quit doing something, such as annoying your sister :)\n * 辞【や】める: to resign, to quit, such as a job or post\n * 病【や】む: to suffer from something, to become sick (probably from the way that sickness often led to someone stopping their normal routine, and possibly even \"stopping\" completely, i.e. dying)\n * 病【やまい】: disease, sickness\n * 病【や】ます: ( _archaic_ ) to afflict someone, to inflict something on someone\n * 闇【やみ】: darkness (from the way the light extinguishes or disappears)\n\nLearning the root forms can open up all kinds of related terms. I find that my\nunderstanding of Japanese is much richer when I learn the connections and\nassociations between words.\n\n### Speculation\n\nThis root _yamu_ may be related to the term 黄泉【よみ】 for \"the underworld, the\nland of the dead\". In the oldest texts, the word also showed a combining root\nreading of _yomo_. The [entry at the English\nWiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B3%89#Japanese) states\nthat this may be an ablaut (vowel-shift) relative of 山【やま】, from the way that\nmountains were associated with the dead in ancient times. That entry has no\nsources listed for this derivation, but the sound-shift alternation //a// ↔\n//o// is apparent in various other terms rooted in ancient vocabulary, where\n//a// seems to indicate \"outward\" and //o// \"inward\".\n\n_(Full disclosure: I've edited that 黄泉 entry. However, I did not add that\nparticular derivation.)_\n\nAnyway, make of this last part what you will. :)\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not address your question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T17:51:35.973",
"id": "73390",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-06T17:51:35.973",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "73375",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73375
|
73390
|
73390
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The kanji 読 appears to consist of 言 and 売.\n\nHow come 言 (say) + 売 (sell) = 読 （read)?\n\nCould you please shed some light on the origin of the kanji?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T07:23:04.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73378",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-06T08:26:12.353",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "The origin of the kanji 読",
"view_count": 173
}
|
[
{
"body": "Character structure analysis is usually on\n[_Kyūjitai_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai). The character to\nlook at is「讀」.\n\nNote that「売」approximates the shape of「賣」, but the right hand side of「讀」is\nnot「賣」, but「」. In the character「読」, we therefore have「売」approximating the\nshape of「賣」which approximates the shape of「」.\n\n* * *\n\n「讀{どく}」([Baxter-Sagart\nOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese#Baxter%E2%80%93Sagart_\\(2014\\)):\n**/*C.lˤok/** , _to read_ ) is comprised of semantic「言」( _speech, words_ ) and\nphonetic「{いく}」( **/*luk/** ).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T07:43:21.647",
"id": "73380",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-06T08:26:12.353",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-06T08:26:12.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "73378",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73378
| null |
73380
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The kanji 買 （buy) contains the kanji 貝 （shellfish).\n\nIs it because the origin of the kanji 買 lies in the process of buying\nshellfish?\n\nDoes anyone know the story behind the kanji 買?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T07:33:27.487",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73379",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T01:15:11.480",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "The origin of the kanji 買",
"view_count": 276
}
|
[
{
"body": "`[商](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_dynasty) \n[甲](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_bone_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1ofaZ.png) \n[佚](http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/yanbian/Reference/JiaguwenReference)462 \n[合集11436](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/jgwhj/?bhfl=1&bh=11436&jgwfl=)``商 \n[金](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/T4DDj.png) \n買車卣 \n[集成4874](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/yzjwjc/?bh=4874&jgwfl=)``[秦](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_dynasty) \n[簡](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_and_wooden_slips) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RvXUv.png) \n秦律十八86 \n[睡虎地秦簡](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuihudi_Qin_bamboo_texts)``今 \n[楷](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_script) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/x4OZ7.png) \n \n`\n\n「買{ばい}」([Baxter-Sagart\nOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese#Baxter%E2%80%93Sagart_\\(2014\\)):\n**/*mˤrajʔ/** , _to buy_ ) is composed of semantic「貝」( _cowrie shell_ , used\nas currency in Ancient China, indicating _money_ ) and phonetic「网{ぼう}」(\n**/*maŋʔ/** ).\n\n> 「网」depicts a _net_ , and this word is written as「網」in Modern Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T08:13:00.233",
"id": "73381",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T01:15:11.480",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-09T01:15:11.480",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "73379",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73379
| null |
73381
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "In my japanese textbook, for the word しつもんする it has the note \"(s.t.について)\"\nwhere s.t. means something. I tried creating a sentence based off of this note\nand I want to know if it makes sense:\n\n> 先生にしゅくだいについてしつもんしました。 \n> I asked the teacher a question about the homework.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T09:34:58.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73382",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-06T15:27:40.187",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-06T15:27:40.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Using について with しつもんする",
"view_count": 82
}
|
[] |
73382
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 正月に大ぜいの客が来るので, 会うのが面倒だと思う人もある \n> Some people do not want to have to take care of the large number of\n> visitors who shows up during the New Year\n\nWhy is \"ので\" used here? I would translate it like \"because of people who shows\nup during the New Year\", but my translation doesn't connect with \"会う\" and with\nthe second part of the sentence",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T12:13:13.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73383",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-28T18:04:53.283",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-28T18:04:53.283",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "35526",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of \"ので\" and \"会う\" here?",
"view_count": 97
}
|
[
{
"body": "`面倒` means also \"trouble, bother\", so I think a more literal translation would\nbe \"Since [ので] a lot of people come during New Year, there are people who\nthink it's a bother [面倒] to meet [会う]\"; maybe the translator used \"Do no want\nto take care\" for `会うのが面倒` (which I think means, literally, \"It's a bother to\nmeet [them]\") and rephrased it to remove \"Since/ので\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T13:05:02.277",
"id": "73384",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-06T13:05:02.277",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"parent_id": "73383",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
73383
| null |
73384
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73391",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "**Aさん:この質問、子供さえしってるよ。**\n\nI want to express wondering about myself in answer to the previous sentence.\n\nHow to do that in the right way, and which of examples are incorrect or sounds\nstrange?\n\n 1. 私は知りませんよ。\n 2. 私なら、しりませんよ。\n 3. 私にとってはわからないことですよ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T13:38:26.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73385",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-07T01:26:55.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36087",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"sentence"
],
"title": "Answer to この[質問]{しつもん}、[子供]{こども}さえしってるよ。",
"view_count": 116
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Aさん: 「この質問{しつもん}、子供{こども}さえしってるよ。」\n>\n> 1) 私は知{し}りませんよ。\n>\n> 2) 私なら、しりませんよ。\n>\n> 3) 私にとってはわからないことですよ。\n\nBefore answering your question, I must first mention something regarding A's\nstatement \" **Even children (would) know this question**.\". I could not tell\nif you noticed it.\n\nA's statement is only natural-sounding or even valid if A is talking about a\nwell-known question or riddle. Otherwise, it is usually the **_answer_** to a\nquestion that one may or may not know. It is not the question. Hope you are\nfollowing this.\n\nIn English, which sentence would **_generally_** sound more natural? \" **Even\nchildren (would) know this question**.\" or \" **Even children (would) know the\nanswer to this question**.\"? The latter, right? Yet, the former is A's\nstatement.\n\nA long preface, but I had to make it because I could not properly answer this\nquestion without it.\n\n> 1) 私は知りませんよ。\n\nA very natural-sounding reply to the question. \" **Kids might, but I don't**.\"\n\n> 2) 私なら、しりませんよ。\n\nGrammatical, but not too natural-sounding in the context. \" **If it were me, I\nwouldn't know**.\"\n\n> 3) 私にとってはわからないことですよ。\n\nNot incorrect per se, but fairly wordy (and definitely \"off\") as a reply. \"\n**It is something that I don't understand**.\"\n\nThus, only 1) sounds 100% natural. Native speakers surely would not use 2) or\n3).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-07T01:26:55.330",
"id": "73391",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-07T01:26:55.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73385",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
73385
|
73391
|
73391
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "食べます、飲みます、読みます are the _ 丁寧語 _ forms of 食べる、飲む、読む。\n\nBut, how do I call the \"forms\" for 食べる、飲む、読む？ \n食べる、飲む、読む are the _ ??? _ forms of 食べます、飲みます、読みます。\n\nI think of 食べる、飲む、読む as being the _dictionary_ form or the _conversational_\nform.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T15:56:28.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73386",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-06T15:56:28.703",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3962",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What is the antonym of 丁寧語? either \"dictionary form\" or \"conversational form\" of a verb?",
"view_count": 54
}
|
[] |
73386
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to understand the meaning and usage of those two sets of\nparticles in here.\n\n> 左の腋窩と右の脇腹に箆深く射された矢がなかったなら、 それはともすると羅馬の競技者が、 薄暮の庭樹に凭って疲れを休めている姿かとも見えた。\n\nともすると: I've read it works as an adverb \"[subject] tends to/is prone to...\n[verb]\". It's composed of とも, which basically means \"even if\" and could be\nreplaced with やや as in ややすると, and すると \"if [it is] done\", just as すれば, in\nともすれば, and したら, in ともしたら. I would like, however, a more literary translation\nof this adverb.\n\nかとも: I think it has, not a conjunct, but a separate meaning, that would be\n[dubitation] + [conjunction-quotation] + [inclusion], and so, it can't be\neffectively translated. It marks a response to なかったなら in the first sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T16:11:07.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73388",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-07T15:52:27.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36117",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"particles",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of ともすると and かとも in this sentence?",
"view_count": 185
}
|
[
{
"body": "For the nuance of ともすると, please see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/62523/5010). This is a [very old\nfixed\nphrase](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%99%E3%82%8C%E3%81%B0),\nand basically you should remember it without analyzing it too much. But\naccording to the link, this と means \"like this/that\", and も is \"even\", so it\nliterally means something like \"if things go even like this\".\n\nかとも is, yes, か (\"may\", \"can it be\") + と (quotative) + も (\"even\"). So ～かとも見えた\ncan be translated like \"(without the arrow, the person) even might have looked\nlike ～\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-07T04:17:00.110",
"id": "73393",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-07T04:17:00.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73388",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73388
| null |
73393
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73392",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The pros and cons of both approaches are obvious.\n\n1) If you read by conversion into Japanese through kanbun, you get the sense.\nMeanwhile, you lose the rhythm, and sometimes it is not obvious what the\nJapanese rendering is.\n\n2) If you read by string of on-readings, there is rhythm, and it rhymes! But\nany hope that it is understandable to the bystanders is excluded.\n\nHow do Japanese normally do?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-06T17:47:21.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73389",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-07T04:02:58.433",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27977",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"readings",
"chinese",
"poetry",
"kanbun"
],
"title": "Do the Japanese read Classical Chinese poems in Japanese or in on-readings?",
"view_count": 341
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is always trade-off, as you said. Thus naturally we have both\napproaches, depending on what policy and objective you have.\n\nYour #1 is called 訓読 (\"interpretative reading\") in Japanese, and considered\nnormal. As it is a form of literal translation, you can relatively easily get\nthe meaning, at the cost of original prosody. Fortunately, Japanese verse does\nnot count foot, just meter, so it is not impossible to make up a \"rhyming\"\ntranslation with a little contrived idea. (訓読 has a much fixed set of rules on\nhow to translate the grammar, but has no restriction on which word you choose\nfor a character.) There are works such as\n[和漢朗詠集](https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9C%97%E8%A9%A0%E9%9B%86),\nwhich collects \"musical\" Chinese poems when read in Japanese. We also have\nidioms originated from 訓読 and have incorporated into ordinary Japanese. Many\npeople are only familiar with 訓読 as today's Classical Chinese curriculum only\ndeals with it.\n\nOn the other hand, #2 is called 直読 (\"direct reading\"). It retains the original\nrhythm and prosody, as long as you can read it in correct pronunciation, and a\nfair amount of it even in the current form of on'yomi. This method is\ntraditionally applied to pedagogical scene, and not the usual way to enjoy\nworks except for those who has mastered the Chinese grammar or interested in\nthe original rhythm.\n\nThere is another special practice called\n[文選【もんぜん】読み](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%96%87%E9%81%B8%E8%AA%AD%E3%81%BF/),\nwhich pronounces the on'yomi first, then Japanese reading second. This is also\na classroom methodology. The most typical example is its use in reciting of\n[千字文](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thousand_Character_Classic) ([cited from\nthis article](https://1000ya.isis.ne.jp/0357.html)).\n\n> テンチのあめつちは \n> ゲンコウとくろく・きなり（天地玄黄） \n> ウチュウのおおぞらは \n> コウコウとおおいに・おおきなり（宇宙洪荒） \n> ジツゲツのひ・つきは \n> エイショクとみち・かく（日月盈昃） \n> シンシュクのほしのやどりは \n> レッチョウとつらなり・はる（辰宿列張） \n> カンライとさむきこときたれば \n> ショオウとあつきこと・いぬ（寒来暑往） \n> シュウシュウとあきはとりおさめ \n> トウゾウとふゆはおさむ（秋収冬蔵）\n\nKorean has a similar practice when reading Classical Chinese, and [this\narticle](http://user.keio.ac.jp/~rhotta/hellog/2016-03-07-1.html) points to\nits similarity with English binominals which is especially outspread in Early\nModern English.\n\n> \"The _inaudible_ and _noiseless_ foot of Time\" (Shakespeare: All's Well That\n> Ends Well, V. iii. 41) \n> \"The dark _backward_ and _abysm_ of Time\" (Shakespeare: The Tempest, I. ii.\n> 50)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-07T04:02:58.433",
"id": "73392",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-07T04:02:58.433",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "73389",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
73389
|
73392
|
73392
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73397",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have known oyasuminasai (good night) for around a year now.\n\nToday I learned the word yasumi (break / day off).\n\nIt instantly rang a bell and then oyasuminasai sprung to mind.\n\nIs there a connection here?\n\nIt would make sense as oyasuminasai is kind of like saying ''take a rest now\nfor the night'' or ''take a break for the night''.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-07T10:57:47.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73395",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-07T13:30:44.550",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-07T13:30:44.550",
"last_editor_user_id": "29665",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"etymology",
"nouns"
],
"title": "Is the yasumi in oyasuminasai the same as yasumi (day off / break)?",
"view_count": 441
}
|
[
{
"body": "You are essentially correct. The phrase おやすみなさい（お休みなさい・御休みなさい if you are\nchoosing to write with the characters）is a conjugation of the verb 休む\n(やすむ：rest, take a day off, lie down etc.), from which the noun 休み（やすみ）is also\nderived. So, the link is a direct one.\n\nTo be specific, おやすみなさい is a (one of various!) polite imperative form of the\nverb 休む. The なさい and also the more polite なさいませ suffixes** mean something\nalong the lines of 'you should do that' or 'please do do that'. Putting that\nall together, おやすみなさい means something like '(please do) have a rest!', as you\nguessed. You probably won't use おやすみなさいませ yourself, but you might hear it as a\ncustomer, for instance when a clerk hands your keys to you, as you return to a\nhotel at night.\n\n** These suffixes are derived from the verb なさる, which is the honorific form\nof する... I've not gone into detail as to how you actually form these\nconjugations, as you will doubtless study keigo (敬語：respectful speech) in\ndepth in due course, but if you are interested, [Coto\nAcademy](https://cotoacademy.com/japanese-keigo/) has a good, fairly clear\nintroduction.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-07T12:38:28.890",
"id": "73397",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-07T12:57:37.153",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-07T12:57:37.153",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "73395",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73395
|
73397
|
73397
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73399",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Context: after the commander of a platoon (小隊長) says some apparently\nincomprehensible things, one of the soldiers whispers to another:\n\n> 「こいつ、なんか決{き}めてないか？」\n\nWhat is the meaning of 決める/決めてない here? Considering the context, I guess it\ncould mean \"crazy\" or \"lunatic\". Is it correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-07T12:15:17.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73396",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-24T23:59:35.787",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-24T23:59:35.787",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Can 決めてない mean \"crazy\"?",
"view_count": 293
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「こいつ、なんか決{き}めてないか？」\n\nIf I were to trust your guess from the actual context, I think I know exactly\nwhat the phrase would mean. The verb I am thinking of is more often written\n「キメる」 rather than 「決める」, but that is not a rule, so here I go.\n\n「キメる」 has a slang meaning of \" _ **to take drugs**_ \". Thus, the sentence\nwould mean:\n\n> \"Isn't he on some kind of drug?\"\n\n「決める」 has a few important meanings that have nothing to do with \" **deciding**\n\". Read definition #11 from\n[コトバンク](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B1%BA%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B-475856) which\nsays:\n\n> 11 飲んだり食べたりする。飲食する。 **また、違法{いほう}な薬物{やくぶつ}などを摂取{せっしゅ}する** 。\n\nmeaning:\n\n\"To drink and/or eat. To dine. Or to consume illegal drugs.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-07T13:41:35.340",
"id": "73399",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-24T07:17:47.280",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-24T07:17:47.280",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73396",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "No, it doesn't mean crazy. It means \"he haven't make up his mind?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-07T20:29:50.517",
"id": "73407",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-07T23:56:47.657",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-07T23:56:47.657",
"last_editor_user_id": "36231",
"owner_user_id": "36231",
"parent_id": "73396",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -4
}
] |
73396
|
73399
|
73399
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73402",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across with this term \"使われ始めて\". It was translated as \"Started to use\".\nMy question is why the first verb is not in TE form, ie. 使われて始めて ?\n\nThanks a lot.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-07T14:20:02.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73400",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T03:10:14.013",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-09T03:07:44.677",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "34140",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Te form for consecutive verbs",
"view_count": 312
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 使われ始めて\n\nTwo points to note here:\n\n1) The construction for \"start to verb\" is\n\n> masu-stem of verb + はじめる\n\ne.g. 食べ始める、 読み始める etc. This is what is happening in your example. 使われ is the\nmasu-stem of 使われる. Which brings me to point two.\n\n2) The translation of 使われ始めて should be \"start/started to be used\" rather than\n\"start/started to use\". 使われる is the passive form of 使う.\n\nFinally, if you'd inserted て you would have a different grammar point.\n...てはじめて means something like \"it was not until ...\". So 使われて始めて would mean\n\"it was not until it had been used that ...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-07T15:19:07.897",
"id": "73402",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-07T15:19:07.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "73400",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "The て form is used to connect two verbs when the actions are performed\nseparately but in sequence, usually one after another. An example might be\nごはんを食べて、家を出る. These are sometimes called verb concatenations - although it is\na case of two verbs being connected, they are not strictly the same as what\nyou asked about. What you are referring to is a compound verb. With a compound\nverb, the actions are not necessarily performed in sequence. Instead, the two\nmeanings can often be contained within one concept. It is important to\ndifferentiate between them since the grammar is also different.\n\nFor compound verbs, the continuative form (Verbます without the ます part) of the\nfirst verb is used to connect to the second verb. For 使われる, the continuative\nform is 使われ. This is then connected to the second part of the compound 始める, to\nform the word 使われ始める. The fact that it is in the て form 始めて is coincidental in\nthis case. The lemma is 使われ始める.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-07T15:20:06.597",
"id": "73403",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T03:10:14.013",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-09T03:10:14.013",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "73400",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73400
|
73402
|
73402
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73411",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is there any difference between the words 旅行者 and 旅人? Which one is more\nfrequently used?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-07T20:23:36.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73405",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T11:01:26.643",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-08T04:41:44.913",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "36231",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "Is there any difference between 旅行者 and 旅人?",
"view_count": 1427
}
|
[
{
"body": "The difference is rather huge.\n\n「旅行者{りょこうしゃ}」 sounds neutral/bland, businesslike and matter-of-fact with\nvirtually no nuance. It is like \" **tourist** \" in English, or somewhere\nbetween \"tourist\" and \"traveler\".\n\n「旅人{たびびと}」 sounds poetic and a bit profound. It is more like a \" **pensive\ntype of traveler** \" or \" **wayfarer** \" than a \"tourist\" or \"average\ntraveler\".\n\nFor that reason, 「旅行者」 is used more often as it is just easier to use than\n「旅人」, which is full of nuances. The latter, of course, is the original\nJapanese word.\n\nFurthermore, 人生{じんせい} (\"life\") is often likened to 旅{たび} and virtually never\nto 旅行{りょこう} for what I have discussed above. You would sound like a comedian\n(or a funny travel agent) if you likened 人生 to 旅行.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-08T00:44:24.950",
"id": "73411",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T01:43:24.087",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-09T01:43:24.087",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73405",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 25
},
{
"body": "「旅行者」 would probably be translated as \"traveller\". The takeaway here is that\nit has a concrete meaning, as in a person that is _physically_ on a trip. This\nword might appear in the news.\n\n「旅人」on the other hand is much more _poetic_. I would translate it as\n\"wanderer\". Actually, an even better translation might be \"vagabond\". This\nword would typically appear in a book, probably a novel.\n\nI always find it useful to look at examples...\n\n* * *\n\n> ２１年度の訪日外国人旅行者数は２００万人を上回ると見込まれます。\n>\n> _The number of inbound foreign travelers for 2019 is expected to exceed 2\n> million._ —Ministry of Travel, 2019\n\n## vs\n\n> 月日は百代の過客にして、行かふ年も又旅人也。\n>\n> _Time is like an eternal traveller, and the years that go by are like a\n> vagabond._ —松尾 芭蕉 from 奥の細道, 1702",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T04:09:32.183",
"id": "73430",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T04:24:33.233",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "36222",
"parent_id": "73405",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73405
|
73411
|
73411
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73410",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have heard of all of the following conjugations as being imperative forms in\nJapanese by various texts.\n\n> なさる → なさい\n>\n> くださる → ください\n>\n> いらっしゃる → いらっしゃいませ\n\nAre these all part of the same category of imperative forms? If so, are these\nirregular conjugations and/or are they distinct from the 「止まれ」-style\nimperative?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-07T22:43:49.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73409",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-07T23:08:53.300",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33505",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "Confusion on imperative forms?",
"view_count": 96
}
|
[
{
"body": "They are irregular conjugations. Copying from\n[Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E):\n\n>\n> ござる・為さる（なさる）・下さる（くださる）・いらっしゃる・おっしゃるの5語は助動詞「ます」に続く時の連用形が「〜い」となる点が通常の五段活用動詞と異なる。\n> **「ござる」以外は命令形も「〜い」となる** 。規則どおりの「ござります」「なさります」などは、古風な響きとなる。\n\nThere is a sound shift to using い for both the 連用形 (masu-form) as well for the\nimperative form. As Wikipedia mentions, using the \"correct\" form sounds very\nold fashioned.\n\nHere's another question about this:\n\n * [Proper form of なさる - なさります or なさいます](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/32700/proper-form-of-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%95%E3%82%8B-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%95%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-or-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%95%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-07T23:08:53.300",
"id": "73410",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-07T23:08:53.300",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "73409",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
73409
|
73410
|
73410
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73419",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm studying for an upcoming exam, and in our study guide for the essay\nsection there is a prompt to write about \"I have the experience of ....ing,\n.....ing, and so forth.\" We're supposed to use ことがある, but I'm unsure how to\nlist multiple verbs using this form. We're also learning たり and や as well.\n(This is for Lesson 11 from Genki I)\n\nThe \"...ing\" makes me think it is something like\n旅{りょ}行{こう}するの、泳{およ}ぐの、散{さん}歩{ぽ}することがあります。\n\nIs this close at all?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-08T04:46:58.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73414",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-08T15:44:21.467",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27565",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Multiple verbs in one sentence using ことがある",
"view_count": 414
}
|
[
{
"body": "As your textbook probably explains, you have to use the ta-form, not the\nnominalizer-の. A ta-form can directly modify こと as a relative clause. If you\nwant to list two verbs, you can 1) use ～たり/だり～する, or 2) use two or more こと's\nand join them with や.\n\n> * 犬を飼ったことがあります。\n> * この池で泳いだり魚を釣ったりしたことがあります。\n> * 小説を書いたことやそれを出版したことがあります。\n>\n\nNote that the verb must be in the ta-form. 泳ぐことがあります would mean \"I\nsometimes/occasionally swim\".\n\nIf you're trying to make a formal sentence (like in a job interview), a more\ndirect and preferred translation of \"I have experience of ～\" is ～(の)経験があります.\nThen you can also use any noun-based expression (incl. suru-verb) as well as\nthe ta-form of a verb.\n\n> * JavaScriptやPythonなどの経験があります。\n> * JavaScriptでの開発の経験があります。\n> * JavaScriptで開発した経験があります。\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-08T15:38:28.297",
"id": "73419",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-08T15:44:21.467",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-08T15:44:21.467",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73414",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73414
|
73419
|
73419
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73416",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "**Question 1.** It my understanding that you can form a negative polite\nvolitional by attaching `まい` to the `ます` of the verb. For example, `食｛た｝べます`\nbecomes `食べますまい`. Is it therefore also possible to turn the copula `です`, which\nis a contraction of `であるます`, into `ですまい`?\n\n**Question 2.** It is my understanding that you can form a positive polite\nvolitional by replacing `〜ます` with `〜ましょう`. For example, `食べます` becomes\n`食べましょう`. Since イ形容詞｛けいようし｝ attach to `ある` ordinarily to indicate state of\nbeing via the atributive (`〜く`) form, is it possible to create a positive\npolite voalitional for イ形容詞 by replacing `〜い` with `〜くありましょう`? What about for\na negative polite volitional, with an ending like `〜くありますまい` or `〜いまい`?\n\n**Question 3.** Do イ形容詞 have imperative forms as well? Are any of the\nfollowing options for イ形容詞 imperative endings possible? Maybe there is some\nother way to express these ideas?\n\n * `〜くあれ`\n * `〜かれ`\n * `〜くなくあれ`\n * `〜くなかれ`\n * `〜くありなさい`\n * `〜くなくありなさい`\n * `〜くありなさるな`\n\n(I'm just making educated guesses here, honestly, based on the other\nconjugation patterns I've seen. I'm having trouble finding web resources that\nhave mention of these forms, or whether or not they actually exist.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-08T05:50:24.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73415",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-08T06:59:02.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33505",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"i-adjectives",
"copula",
"volitional-form",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "Obscure verb forms?",
"view_count": 321
}
|
[
{
"body": "**Question 1**\n\n～ますまい is grammatical, but it's already fairly uncommon. It's mainly heard in\nrole languages for stereotypical samurai and pompous/noble elderly people.\n\n～ですまい is ungrammatical, although ～ではありますまい is okay.\n\n**Question 2**\n\nBasically if you used ある for a person, it would sound more or less archaic.\n\n～くありましょう is grammatical, but it's fairly uncommon and sounds old-fashioned or\nlike a [stereotypical\nお嬢様](https://www.japanesewithanime.com/2018/05/ojousama.html). For example a\nfictional knight might say 気高くありましょう (\"Let us live a noble life\").\n\n～くありますまい is rare, but grammatical at least in the \"negative inference\" sense.\nFor example 彼はもう長く(は)ありますまい is a highly pompous way of saying \"I doubt he will\nlive any longer\". Today it's used virtually only in fiction. For its \"negative\nvolitional\" sense, it's so rare and I cannot even tell whether it exists.\n\n**Question 3**\n\nAccording to the standard grammar, i-adjectives don't have imperative forms,\nso it is true that you have to use some other verb to say something like \"Be\nbrave\".\n\n * 〜くあれ\n * 〜かれ\n * 〜くなくあれ\n * 〜くなかれ\n * 〜くありなさい\n * 〜くありなさるな\n\nThese all sound fairly pompous and/or archaic to me because of ある. These are\nmainly found in old Japanese novels or translations of Western Bibles or\nShakespeare.\n\n * 〜くなくありなさい\n\nThis one is too roundabout and must be avoided regardless of the situation.\n\nIf you are looking for modern ordinary expressions, most of the time you can\njust use なる and say 強くなろう, 賢くなりましょう, and so on. Although less common, you can\nalso use いる and say something like これからも美しくいてください.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-08T06:59:02.267",
"id": "73416",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-08T06:59:02.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73415",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73415
|
73416
|
73416
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Hullo!\n\nI'm watching a new anime with some friends for the first time and we found\nsome post episode web commentary online and we're trying to understand a joke\nbut we can't quite get what it's about.\n\nHere is the full excerpt if there is some important context\n<https://uploadir.com/u/yo3zj2if>\n\nAnd here is the part we are trying to get <https://uploadir.com/u/hz1gecmx>\n\nI tried to transcribe it but it's probably not right ehheh:\n\n> 今までさんざんせわになっては危機をあっさりガラ携とかガラクタみたい呼ぶ人間にだけはなりたくないということだ。\"\n\nThe way I understand it is \"I really don't wish to become one of the people\nwho are quick to dismiss flip-phones as a piece of junk\". And I think the joke\nis that flip-phone has the same ring to it as junk (garake, gara-keitai). But\nI'm not certain that's what he means because maybe I hear some of the words\nwrong.\n\nedit: maybe instead of せわに it's せえわにん. and instead of 危機 it's 機器. Then maybe\nit's like \"even thorough assistants are quick to call devices like that\n\"garake\"(flip phone), as if invoking the sound of junk by these people, but I\ndon't wish to call it that\"?\n\nHmm, that still doesn't sound like much of a joke...",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-08T08:25:05.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73417",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-08T16:37:04.707",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-08T09:26:18.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "36234",
"owner_user_id": "36234",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"anime"
],
"title": "Audio translation help!",
"view_count": 135
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 今までさんざん **世話になってた機器** をあっさり「ガラケー」とかガラクタみたい **に** 呼ぶ人間にだけはなりたくないということだ。\n>\n> The last thing I want to do is to become a person who lightly calls the\n> device I've always relied on \"garake\" (like \"garakuta\" / as if it were\n> junk).\n\n世話になってた is short for 世話になっていた, and\n[世話になる](https://jisho.org/word/%E4%B8%96%E8%A9%B1%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B)\nis a common set phrase. (\"relied on\" is my free translation.)\n\nThis きき is not 危機 but 機器 (\"device\").\n\nガラケー was [named after ガラパゴス (\" _Gala_ pagos\")\nケータイ](http://www.japansubculture.com/the-cell-phone-from-galapagos-japans-\ngara-kei-%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%80%80/), but it happens to\nsound like ガラクタ (\"junk\"), which is the \"joke\" here. You've got this part\nright.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-08T15:10:55.247",
"id": "73418",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-08T16:37:04.707",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73417",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73417
| null |
73418
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73421",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to understand the grammar behind this sentences:\n\n> 親子関係に見て取れぬでもないその二人は、トーマス井口が店の中に入ってきた途端に揃ってガッと目を剥き、信来の客の容貌をしげしげと観察し出した\n\nI think I got the gist of it: The two people inside the store looked like they\nwere parent and son, and as soon as Thomas Iguchi walked in they looked\nfixedly at him, observing him.\n\nThere are, though, two places I'm guessing:\n\n1) `見て取れぬでもない`: I found that `見て取る` means \"to perceive; to grasp (the\nsituation)\"; `見て取れぬ` sounds negative, so with the following negation I guess\nit's again affirmative, `でも` maybe is the \"things like\" `でも`, and `れ` comes\nfrom a potential form, so \"they **could** be perceived as parent and child\"? I\nthink I can guess the general meaning, but I have no clue why such a\ndeclination.\n\n2) `揃って`: as far as I know it means \"To be completed; To be satisfied (of\nconditions); To be equal; To assemble\" and similar things; but I can't really\nmake sense of it in `入ってきた途端に揃って`: `入る` (\"to enter\") + `切る` (I guess it gives\na nuance of Thomas having fully entered in the store) + `途端` (\"as soon as\") +\nに揃って (no idea). Does it means something like, after entering Thomas is\ngathered in the store with those two people?\n\nEdit: On a second thought, `れ` in `見て取れ` should be a potential form, it\ndoesn't fit the passive declination.\n\nEdit: While looking into this I found that `揃って` is a form per se, meaning\n\"all together\"; could it mean they are in the store together? Or the two\npeople looked together at Thomas? I'm kinda at a loss.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-08T17:11:50.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73420",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T17:40:03.770",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-08T17:51:55.047",
"last_editor_user_id": "35362",
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of 見て取れぬでもない and 揃って",
"view_count": 208
}
|
[
{
"body": "1) Yes, you're correct. 見て取れる is used here as the potential form of 見て取る.\n見て取れぬ is just the negation and でもない negates it again. I think it is something\nlike \"It is not that they could not be perceived as parent and child\" if you\nwant to be literal. This is more commonly used like ~ないでもない and generally\nindicates that one isn't super confident in what they are saying or only\nsomewhat feels that it is true.\n\nHere are some examples from _A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar_ :\n\n> あなたの苦しい気持ちが分から **ないでもない** I do somewhat understand the pain you are feeling.\n>\n> あの時大学を辞めたことを、今では少し早まったなと思わ **ないでもない** Now I rather feel that leaving the\n> university at that time was a bit too hasty.\n>\n> そういえば、そういう話、どこかで聞いたことがあるような気が **しないでもない** です Come to think of it, I seem to\n> feel that I've heard something like that somewhere.\n\n2) I think it's used here to say that the two people looked at Iguchi\n**_together in sync_**. Like in the same way/at the same time kind of meaning.\nI'm imagining Iguchi enters the store and the people in the shop suddenly look\nat him like this (well maybe with a more suspicious look in their eyes):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1kiUB.gif)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-08T18:01:19.650",
"id": "73421",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T17:40:03.770",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-09T17:40:03.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "73420",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73420
|
73421
|
73421
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73425",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ここの夫婦ほど私たちとかけ離れた連中は **またと** いませんよ。 \n> There's no one as different from us as the people here.\n\nThis is how I would translate the sentence without またと. Am I correct that this\nsentence works without またと?\n\nI'm assuming that またと means \"in addition/besides\", but I'm struggling to\nunderstand how it fits into the sentence grammatically, and what extra nuance\nit adds.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-08T19:17:56.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73423",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T00:12:55.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning and use of またと",
"view_count": 258
}
|
[
{
"body": "The usual form is:\n\n> 「[Object/Situation/Event] + は + **またと** + [Verb in **Negative** Form]」\n\nThe 「またと」 here functions to (emphatically) deny the likelihood of the\n[Object/Situation/Event] occurring again.\n\nIt is synonymous to 「二度{にど}と」、「ふたたび」、「めったに」, etc.\n\nTherefore, the basic meaning of the sentence will pretty much stay the same\neven if you dropped the 「またと」, but it is often used to make it sound emphatic.\n\n> I'm assuming that またと means \"in addition/besides\"\n\nNot quite. As I explained, it means (used in conjunction with a negative verb)\nsomething along the lines of \" **(basically) never again** \".\n\n> 「ここの夫婦{ふうふ}ほど私{わたし}たちとかけ離{はな}れた連中{れんちゅう}はまたといませんよ。」\n\ntherefore means:\n\n> \"You shall never see/find a couple (or \"people\") as completely different\n> from us as the married couple here.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T00:12:55.810",
"id": "73425",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T00:12:55.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73423",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73423
|
73425
|
73425
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73446",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading this section of an n2 book\n\nこの地方のスキー場はコースの大部分は整備されており、滑りにくいということはあまりありません。ただし、風が強く、 **せっかく**\n降った雪も積もるか積もらないか **のうちに** 飛ばされてしまうことが多いです。\n\nAnd a few doubts came to me:\n\n1)Why is **せっかく** being used here?\n\n2)Why is のうちに being used ?\n\n3)What is the meaning of this passage「 **せっかく** 降った雪も積もるか積もらないか **のうちに**\n飛ばされてしまうことが多いです。」\n\nCan someone help me?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-08T23:39:47.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73424",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-10T09:25:29.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34934",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "Why are these adverbs being used?",
"view_count": 166
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. せっかく is an adverb/no-adjective that modifies some valuable chance which one failed to take advantage of. For details, please read any introductory article about it, like [this](http://maggiesensei.com/2015/04/29/how-to-use-%E3%81%9B%E3%81%A3%E3%81%8B%E3%81%8F-sekkaku/). Here a snowfall is the \"chance\" being missed. The sentence still makes sense without せっかく, but it adds the feeling of disappointment.\n\n 2. It's part of the [～か～ないかのうちに construction](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=kanaikanouchini).\n\n 3. Roughly, \"unfortunately, snows often end up being blown away before they start to pile up.\" Note that せっかく and ～か～ないかのうちに are two irrelevant grammar points.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-10T09:17:11.630",
"id": "73446",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-10T09:25:29.830",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-10T09:25:29.830",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73424",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
73424
|
73446
|
73446
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Say I have three options of doing something:\n\nA= buy a bicycle (自転車を買う）\n\nB= buy a High speed car （高速な車を買う）\n\nC= buy a motorcycle（オートバイを買う）\n\nHow can I say: I could consider A to B passing through C. Something like \"I\ncould consider my options from buying a bicycle to buy a high speed car\nincluding also buying a motorcycle\"\n\nso going from one extreme to the other passing through a middle option",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T01:33:01.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73427",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T02:56:41.480",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-09T02:56:41.480",
"last_editor_user_id": "26207",
"owner_user_id": "26207",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say \"the options go from A to B passing through C\"?",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[] |
73427
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Like do native Japanese speakers even care about that kind of stuff? People\nlearning Japanese (especially on reddit) seem to be super anal about trying to\nget perfect stroke ends with hooks and whatnot and will criticize others for\nnot including them or getting them wrong. There's also tons of resources that\ntell you how to write them using a pen/pencil instead of a brush. But, looking\nat some written reports from students in Japan, I don't seem to see them very\noften. It looks more like a a mix of intentionally including them for visual\nflair + a result of fast writing.\n\nSo is does it even matter? Is this just another one of those things that isn't\nactually necessary but is constantly taught anyway (like regularly using\n\"watashi wa\")? Obviously writing \"sans serif\" hiragana will still be legible,\nbut does it maybe look childish or something to a native speaker?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T02:08:10.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73428",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T20:49:51.157",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-09T20:49:51.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "36238",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Do hiragana stroke ends (e.g. \"hooks\") actually matter?",
"view_count": 191
}
|
[] |
73428
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73431",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 選挙カーも走らない静かな選挙戦だったが、投票率は何と８９・４１％。\n>\n> 飛び地の村の不思議な **選挙を追った** 。\n\nSource: <https://www.sankei.com/premium/news/191209/prm1912090002-n1.html>\n\nAn enclave town with a quiet election campaign without any cars running had a\nvoter turnout of a whopping 89.41% following the somewhat strange election.\n\nI haven't seen 追う used like this before. Can I translate the 「選挙を追った」part as\n\"following\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T03:10:14.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73429",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T09:48:38.433",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18021",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"verbs",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What does 「選挙を追った」 mean here?",
"view_count": 303
}
|
[
{
"body": "「追{お}う」 here means \" ** _to observe and analyze_** \" or just \" ** _to\ninvestigate_** \". The verb is frequently used for that meaning in news\ncoverage, documentaries, etc.\n\nTo use a stiff expression, 「追う」 here means \"to inquire into the truth of the\nmatter\".\n\nIMHO, \"to follow\" would be too weak a translation for the context.\n\n[Weblio](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E8%BF%BD%E3%81%86) gives \"to observe\"\nas one of the definitions.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T04:09:57.753",
"id": "73431",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T09:48:38.433",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-09T09:48:38.433",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73429",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73429
|
73431
|
73431
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73473",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "To my understanding, `誰｛だれ｝が猫｛ねこ｝が好き｛すき｝？` is a valid sentence in Japanese.\nWhat exactly is happening here with the two が particles? Is it really the case\nthat `好き` can take two subjects? Or is it that there is some hidden\ninformation that we never usually say, such as `誰が猫が好き（と思う｛おもう｝）？` so that `誰`\ngoes with `思う` and `猫` goes with `好き`?\n\nSimilarly, what is going on with the sentence `誰が黒い猫がいますか？`?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T05:08:53.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73432",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-15T13:39:51.487",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-10T18:51:52.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "33505",
"owner_user_id": "33505",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Double が particles",
"view_count": 680
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can have multiple occurrences of が in a sentence, but that does not mean\nthat there are multiple subjects of the sentence.\n\nThis has been discussed in academic papers on Japanese, and there doesn't seem\nto be consensus on how to describe the phenomenon in linguistic terms. For\nexample, Tsujimura (1996) suggests two 'tests' for identifying the true\nsubject of a sentence: reflexivization (use of specific words like 自分), and\nsubject honorification (use of verb forms like お～になる). Noguchi (2018) points\nto other possibilities such as the use of \"body-part nominals\" like 身を～.\nJorden (1987) talks about \"affective\" predicates which allow for multiple uses\nof が. Also, things like word order are not a reliable way to identify the\nsubject.\n\nIn most cases, a native speaker would intuitively understand what the intended\nsubject is. But for a learner, it is not always so easy. When it is possible\nto identify the subject using linguistic tests such as those described above,\nthat is probably the best way. When that is not possible, you will have to try\nto understand the content and context of the sentence since there doesn't\nappear to be any watertight rules for treating sentences which contain\nmultiple instances of が.\n\n**Sources:**\n\n * _Tsujimura, N. (1996). An Introduction to Japanese Linguistics (3rd ed.). Oxford: John Benjamins Publishing Company._\n * _Noguchi, T. (2018). Two Types of Reflexivization in Japanese. Japanese/Korean Linguistics, 25, 1–11._\n * _Jorden, E. H., & Noda, M. (1987). Japanese: The Spoken Language. Part 1. Yale: Yale University Press._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-10T12:07:36.983",
"id": "73447",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-10T12:07:36.983",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "73432",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> To my understanding, 「誰{だれ}が猫{ねこ}が好{す}き？」 is a valid sentence in Japanese.\n\nIt is only valid in highly informal/colloquial conversation even though this\nhas nothing to do with the use of the double-が. It has to do with the lack of\nwords at the end following the 「好き」.\n\nAs is, the above phrase can mean at least two completely different things and\nthose are:\n\n**1) \"Who likes cats?\"**\n\n**2) \"Who did you (just) say likes cats?\"**\n\nFor the first meaning, it would be more natural to say 「誰が猫が好きなの？」 or even\n「猫が好きなのは誰（ですか）。」\n\nThe second meaning/usage works like this.\n\nPerson A: 「[Personal Name] + さん/ちゃん/くん + って猫が好きなんだって。」\n\nPerson B was unable to catch the name so s/he replies:\n\nPerson B: 「誰が猫が好き？」 (\"Who did you just say likes cats?\")\n\nB could have replied with a longer sentence such as:\n\n * 「誰が猫が好きだって？」\n\n * 「（今{いま}）誰が猫が好きだって言った？」\n\nHope you are following all this.\n\nFor either meaning/usage, the double-が is 100% justifiable.\n\nThe 「が」 in 「[Object] + **が** + 好き」 (\"to be fond of [Object]\") is simply the\nonly natural particle choice, except for the contrastive 「は」 used when saying\n\"to be fond of X but not Y\", which would be 「Ｘ **は** 好きだが **Ｙ** は好きではない」.\n\n(For the nit-picky, 「の」 is also possible when forming an **adjective phrase**\nwith 「好き」 as in 「ボク **の** 好きな食{た}べものはピザです。」)\n\nIn addition, the 「が」 is the only proper subject-marker when a question word\n（だれ、どこ、なに、いつ, etc.） is used as the subject of the sentence. Again, the\ncontrastive 「は」 is the exception.\n\nThis might sound simplistic, but if both 「誰が好き」 and 「猫が好き」 are correct and\nnatural-sounding, which they are, then the combination of the two 「誰が猫が好き」\nwill also be correct and natural-sounding.\n\n> Similarly, what is going on with the sentence 「誰が黒{くろ}い猫がいますか？」?\n\nThat sounds highly informal, too, but still 'valid'. I just cannot say native\nspeakers do not say that. They do and that is the only reason that I know what\nit means. It means \" **Who has/keeps a black cat (as a pet)?** \"\n\nAgain, it would be more natural and unambiguous to say:\n\n * 「誰が黒い猫を飼{か}っていますか。」 or\n\n * 「黒い猫を飼っているのは誰ですか。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-12T09:16:39.273",
"id": "73473",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-15T13:39:51.487",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-15T13:39:51.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73432",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73432
|
73473
|
73473
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73435",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I just came across this phrase, which is listed in the dictionary as:\n\n> never being satisfied with what one gets, and always wanting more; giving\n> someone an inch and having them take a mile; taking Gansu only to want\n> Sichuan\n\nIt's the last meaning that interests me. Is this a relic of Imperial Japanese\nhistory? After a quick Wikipedia search I wasn't able to find that Gansu was\ntaken by the Japanese, although they certainly did [want\nSichuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_Japanese_invasion_of_Sichuan).\nDid this phrase originate in historical events, or is it really just a figure\nof speech?\n\nAlso, where does the interpretation of 隴 as Gansu come from? In Chinese it's\n甘肃 and in Japanese 甘粛省. I can't find anything in dictionaries about this\ncharacter relating to Gansu.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T10:52:37.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73433",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T16:57:53.943",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-09T16:57:53.943",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "4242",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"idioms",
"chinese",
"yoji-jukugo"
],
"title": "What is the etymology of the phrase 隴を得て蜀を望む?",
"view_count": 1057
}
|
[
{
"body": "# What is the etymology of the phrase 隴を得て蜀を望む?\n\nWe can reorder the characters to get 得隴望蜀, which is a Chinese-language\n_yojijukugo_. This phrase may reference a few unrelated historical events.\n\nThe _**earliest**_ such event is about [Emperor Guangwu of\nHan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Guangwu_of_Han) reunifying the\nGansu region into Han territory then turning his sights on Sichuan (see\n[Emperor Guangwu of Han's gradual victories over other regional\npowers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Guangwu_of_Han#Gradual_victories_over_other_regional_powers)).\nHe succeeded in reunifying Sichuan into Han territory too, but the phrase\noriginates from before he ordered his soldiers to march towards Sichuan. From\nthe [_Book of Later\nHan_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_the_Later_Han):\n\n>\n> [**《後{{kr:漢}}書》卷17・岑彭傳**](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B717)\n>\n> 。。。。。。敕彭書曰：『兩城若下，便可將兵南擊蜀虜。 **人若不知足，既平隴，復望蜀。** 每一發兵，頭須為白。』\n>\n> (My translation)\n>\n> ...Emperor Guangwu wrote a letter to [Cen\n> Peng](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B2%91%E5%BD%AD), saying:\n>\n\n>> Once the two cities [ _now a single city\ncalled[Tianshui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianshui)_] have fallen, the\nsoldiers can march south and attack those Sichuan slaves [ _slave_ =\nderogatory term for a group of people]. **If one does not know contentment,\nafter they pacify Gansu, they will then wish for Sichuan.** Every time\nsoldiers are sent to battle, more of my hairs turn white.\n\nAs for the exact phrase 得隴望蜀, you can find it in several places in Chinese\nliterature, e.g. in one of [Li Bai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai)'s\npoems.\n\n> **唐・李白《古風》之二三**\n>\n> 。。。。。\n>\n> 物苦不知足， **得隴** 又 **望蜀** 。\n>\n> 。。。。。\n\n* * *\n\n# Where does the interpretation of 隴 as Gansu come from?\n\n隴 was originally the name of a neighbouring mountain called\n[隴山](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9A%B4%E5%B1%B1#Chinese), and was early\non used as an abbreviation for Gansu.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T12:38:28.850",
"id": "73435",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T13:06:39.067",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "73433",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 14
}
] |
73433
|
73435
|
73435
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Composite number is translated as 合成数 (by google translation to Japanese),\nwhich makes sense.\n\nPrime number is called 素数, but what does 素 means here?\n\nI am trying to trace the source of it. We borrowed the translation of it\ndecades ago, so it does not very conceivable to illustrate it by the Chinese\ndictionary items.\n\nI would appreciate it very much if answered in English.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T14:19:41.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73436",
"last_activity_date": "2022-11-26T10:02:26.280",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-09T16:00:27.453",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27247",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"compounds",
"mathematics"
],
"title": "what does 素 mean in 素数?",
"view_count": 263
}
|
[
{
"body": "From an etymological standpoint, the character 素 itself originates from China.\nIn about the 5th century AD, Japan started using Chinese characters. Before\nthis point, there was no Japanese writing system, and modern hiragana and\nkatakana are derived from the Kanji that was first introduced to Japan around\nthis time period.\n\nFrom what I understand the Japanese language obtained most of their Kanji from\nChina between the [5th and 9th centuries](https://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/kanji-\npronunciation.html#:~:targetText=For%20example%20the%20character%20%E6%9C%A8,read%20as%20moku%20or%20ki.&targetText=The%20on%2Dyomi%20is%20an,have%20multiple%20on%2Dyomi%20readings.).\n\nOver the centuries, there were many Japanese scholars that went to either\nKorea or China to study, and they returned with additional Kanji characters\nthat they then introduced to the Japanese language. Due to the lack of\ndetailed records about what character came when, I cannot be more specific\nthan this: The character started being used in the Japanese language sometime\nduring or even after the 5th century AD.\n\nThe thing is, the scholars that went to China had their disagreements about\nthe meaning and pronunciation of the Chinese characters. These disagreements\ncan be derived from one of a number of factors including the region the\nscholar studied, or when the scholar studied (things change with time). This\nis why we sometimes see multiple Chinese readings for characters. A classic\nexample is [人](https://jisho.org/search/%E4%BA%BA%20%23kanji), which has the\nChinese readings ジン, and ニン. This discrepancy likely stems from the fact that\ntwo different scholars disagreed on how the character was truly pronounced (or\nthey were confused), and so they taught what they understood. As the language\ndeveloped both readings became accepted.\n\nJust as Kanji can have multiple ON-readings, the same issues sprouted up about\nwhat the characters actually meant. Remember, that Chinese was not the\nJapanese scholar's first language, [so at times the meaning of words and\ncharacters were occasionally garbled by the translation attempts of the\nscholars](https://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/kanji-\npronunciation.html#:~:targetText=For%20example%20the%20character%20%E6%9C%A8,read%20as%20moku%20or%20ki.&targetText=The%20on%2Dyomi%20is%20an,have%20multiple%20on%2Dyomi%20readings.).\nIn addition, as characters were re-introduced into the Japanese language, the\npronunciation of the Chinese reading also occasionally evolved. Though I do\nnot speak Chinese personally, I have seen cases where characters will take a\ndifferent meaning in Japan.\n\nSo to answer more directly, the character 素 likely was introduced to Japan\nbetween the 5th and 9th century AD. Due to the complexities of learning\nforeign languages, the meaning and ON-readings of the character were probably\nthe source of some discrepancies between early scholars, so the Japanese\nlanguage evolved to accept the opinions of all the scholars involved.\n\n* * *\n\n**Edit:**\n\nI realized that I did not answer what 素 means in this context. According to\nthe online dictionaries that I use, [素 can\nmean](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%B4%A0%20%23kanji): elementary, principle,\nnaked, or uncovered.\n\nIn the context of prime numbers, I would take this to mean elementary or\nprinciple, as prime numbers cannot be divided into whole numbers.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T14:52:51.237",
"id": "73438",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T18:51:10.880",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-09T18:51:10.880",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "73436",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73436
| null |
73438
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73440",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Same short story, another sentence I kinda get (maybe), but I'm missing\nsomething:\n\n>\n> 親子関係に見て取れぬでもないその二人は、トーマス井口が店の中に入ってきた途端に揃ってガッと目を剥き、信来の客の容貌をしげしげと観察し出した。極端な度合いの非礼\n> **洞察** 行為 **と受け取り** はしたものの、トーマス井口は意に介さず、真っ直ぐに店内の最奥に位置する勘定台のほうへ歩み寄っていた\n\nIf I understand it, it means something on the lines of \"Although he\ninterpreted their action as extremely rude, Thomas Iguchi didn't mind and went\nstraight inside the store to where the register were\". In this sentences I\nhave two problems:\n\n1) What's the meaning of `洞察`? I know it as \"discernment, insight\", but I\ncan't understand what does it mean in the sentences; I tried looking on Jisho\nand Weblio, to no avail, in my translation I just ignored it.\n\n2) Why `行為と受け取りはした`, with `と`? I would expect `を`, so I'm missing something. I\ntried looking here in SE for question about this but I could find any. (I did\nfind\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/60474/%E3%81%A8%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-why-%E3%81%A8-is-\nused-instead-of-%E3%82%92), but I don't think is relevant.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T16:02:10.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73439",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-10T01:49:00.127",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-10T01:49:00.127",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Why 「と」 in 「行為と受け取り」? (And 「洞察」)",
"view_count": 133
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. I have never seen 洞察 used like this, but judging from the context, this 洞察 seems mean something like \"(penetrating) gazing\". Normally, 洞察 does not refer to the physical act of observation itself.\n 2. 受け取る is one of [these \"AをBと\"-verbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/55169/5010). AをBと受け取る means \"to interpret/take A as B\", but Aを has been omitted in your sentence. In other words, Aと受け取る means \"to take it as A\". On the other hand, Aを受け取る just means \"to receive/take A\" (e.g., お金を受け取る \"to receive money\").",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T16:45:52.883",
"id": "73440",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T16:45:52.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73439",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73439
|
73440
|
73440
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "From my Japanese book:\n\n> この映画館で **は** 、水曜日 **は** １０００円で映画を見ることができます。\n\nI wonder about these two は.\n\nI think the first one (この映画館では) is a topic marker は and 水曜日は１０００円で[…] is a\ncontrastive は (implying on the other days you cannot enter with 1000 yen)\n\nIs this right?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T17:50:47.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73441",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T23:02:52.063",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-09T17:54:41.047",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "32181",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Two は in a sentence",
"view_count": 254
}
|
[
{
"body": "`PLACE では` means \"at PLACE\", so its saying\n\n```\n\n At this movie theater, you can see a movie for 1,000 yen on Wednesdays. \n \n```\n\nIt does imply that it isn't that price on other days, but that comes from the\ncontext and not the sentence structure itself. Its not strictly a contrastive,\nits just the standard subject marker.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T19:22:01.330",
"id": "73442",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T19:22:01.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36184",
"parent_id": "73441",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "You are correct in your analysis. The first は establishes the topic as この映画館で\n(\"at this movie theater\"). What came prior in the conversation was not talking\nabout この映画館. Then, 水曜日は implies that the price is what it is on Wednesday, as\ncompared to another day / other days when the price is something else\n(contrastive marker).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T19:34:17.280",
"id": "73443",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T19:34:17.280",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33505",
"parent_id": "73441",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Those two は do stress that \"at this particular movie theater\" and \"on\nWednesday\" (not other days) you can watch movie for 1000 yen. That's it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-09T23:02:52.063",
"id": "73444",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-09T23:02:52.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11277",
"parent_id": "73441",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
73441
| null |
73443
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It comes from the following sentence which is spoken by a boy who normally\nuses Tokyo dialect.\n\n> おれもだあ! おれもヘッドギャなんて **ちゃらくさい** もんはいらんっ グローブも体重に関係なくいちばんでっかい十二オンスだ",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-10T17:18:11.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73449",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-10T19:17:25.863",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-10T19:17:25.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"manga",
"compounds"
],
"title": "What does the word 「ちゃらくさい」mean?",
"view_count": 515
}
|
[
{
"body": "Most likely it is ちゃらい＋くさい, meaning 'really gaudy/cheap' or 'reeking of\ngaudiness'.\n\nWhen used as a suffix, ～くさい usually adds a negative connotation to whatever\nprecedes it. This can be used in the literal sense when there is an actual\nperceptible odour (酒臭い, 汗くさい), or in the figurative sense to mean 'evoking a\nsense of ...' (嘘くさい, 邪魔くさい).\n\nIn your example, it would be a figurative use of チャラい. However, it appears to\nbe a somewhat irregular usage. As a suffix, ～くさい usually attaches directly to\nnouns or na-adjectives rather than i-adjectives. So dropping the い of チャラい\ncould be considered a kind of slang usage, perhaps.\n\nIt would be interesting to find other examples of i-adjective stem + くさい. I\nhave a vague memory of hearing えらくさい（偉い+くさい) somewhere but I can't be sure.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-10T18:45:24.580",
"id": "73450",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-10T18:45:24.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "73449",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
73449
| null |
73450
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73454",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the correct way to show a bulleted list of items in the Japanese\nlanguage? Considering the fact that interpuncts are often used to separate and\nidentify foreign words, I'm not sure of the correct way to do this. I want the\nEnglish translation to be shown alongside the Japanese. Do the Japanese use a\nsymbol other than a bullet point?\n\n**English**\n\n・Science Museum (London)\n\n・Science Museum (Miami)\n\n・Science Museum (Minnesota)\n\n**Japanese**\n\n・サイエンス・ミュージアム (ロンドン) - Science Museum (London)\n\n・サイエンス・ミュージアム (マイアミ) - Science Museum (Miami)\n\n・サイエンス・ミュージアム (ミネソタ) - Belleville (Minnesota)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-10T21:08:52.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73452",
"last_activity_date": "2022-10-31T14:36:39.410",
"last_edit_date": "2022-10-31T14:36:39.410",
"last_editor_user_id": "18771",
"owner_user_id": "10704",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to write a bulleted list in Japanese",
"view_count": 3144
}
|
[
{
"body": "You may ignore the following paragraph. I wrote it because many users seem to\nbe interested in the historical aspects of the language.\n\nMost traditionally, the common way to make a bullet list was to use the kanji\nnumber one, which is 「一」, on top of each item of the list. It is not 「一、二、三、四,\netc.」 but all 「一's」. For this usage, 「一」 is read 「ひとつ」 and not 「いち」. I said\n\"on top of each item\" because vertical writing is our original way of writing\nthings.\n\nFor horizontal writing, we currently have more choices for forming bullet\nlists.\n\n * Use the same bullets as in English\n\n * Use Arabic numerals with periods -- 1. XXX 2. yyy\n\n * Use asterisks -- ★ xxx ★ yyy\n\n * Use katakana with periods -- ア. xxx イ. yyy \n\n * Use Roman alphabet letters in parentheses -- (a) xxx (b) yyy\n\nThe safer choices would be the first three IMHO.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-11T00:03:28.113",
"id": "73454",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T14:10:48.900",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-11T14:10:48.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73452",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73452
|
73454
|
73454
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I've become pretty decent at understanding when to use が, but every so often I\nmake a mistake between using が vs. を. In the two sentences below, I'm\nconfused:\n\n 1. Everybody knows that / sore wa daremo **ga** shitte iru / それは誰もが知っている\n\n 2. Everybody respects her / daremo ga kanojo **wo** sonkei shite iru / 誰もが彼女を尊敬している\n\nI translated the first sentence correctly. In the second example, I used が\ninstead of を and it was marked incorrect. My logic was that the verb was not\nan action verb (or is it?), which from what I've found so far would use the\nparticle が.\n\nI see the structure of both sentences and the type of verb as very similar and\nI'm confused by the difference in use of particles. If someone can please\nclarify why が isn't used in the second sentence, I'd really appreciate it.\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-10T21:47:54.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73453",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T03:25:48.737",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-11T03:25:48.737",
"last_editor_user_id": "35362",
"owner_user_id": "34091",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-が"
],
"title": "が vs. を in this example",
"view_count": 177
}
|
[] |
73453
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73457",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「[和む]{なごむ}」is a word that you can hear in everyday conversation? Or just in\npoems or songs?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-11T01:25:03.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73455",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T15:30:01.693",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-11T15:30:01.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "36231",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"words",
"verbs"
],
"title": "「和む」is a common word?",
"view_count": 399
}
|
[
{
"body": "和む can be safely used in conversations just like other simple wago. You may\nsay 和んだ while you are at an animal cafe or enjoying a 日常系 (\"slice-of-life\")\nmanga/anime, for example. Some people are too busy to use it in \"everyday\"\nconversations, but that's another story.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-11T02:22:45.477",
"id": "73457",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T02:22:45.477",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73455",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
73455
|
73457
|
73457
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73459",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "```\n\n In XXX case, the app gives an error.\n \n 何々をしたら、また何々の場合は、アプリにエラーメッセージを表示する。\n \n```\n\nこれをもっと簡潔に、単純にエラーが起きることを表現したいです。下記のどっちのほうが正しいでしょうか？\n\n 1. エラーにする。\n\n 2. エラーをする。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-11T05:47:55.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73458",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T07:28:47.553",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-11T07:21:33.013",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "28020",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "エラーにする vs. エラーをする",
"view_count": 192
}
|
[
{
"body": "エラーをする (\"to do an error\"?) is ungrammatical regardless of the context. エラーにする\ncan mean \"to make/call/consider it an error\", but it does not make sense in\nthis context.\n\nInstead, this \"gives an error\" can be translated like this:\n\n * ～の場合はエラー **になる** (or エラーになります)\n * ～の場合はエラー **が発生する** (or エラーが発生します)\n * ～の場合はエラー **が起きる** (or エラーが起きます)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-11T07:17:11.350",
"id": "73459",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T07:28:47.553",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-11T07:28:47.553",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73458",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73458
|
73459
|
73459
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to figure out what does the おくび mean in the following sentence:\n\n私の汚れたところを、おくびにも出さず、綺麗にしてくれる人\n\nFor context, a character is thanking another person for helping them out after\nthey've puked.\n\nJisho is telling me that おくび means belch or burp, but I'm still not too sure\nhow I can interpret this.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-11T09:09:52.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73460",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T11:09:06.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36265",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does おくびにも出さず in this sentence?",
"view_count": 76
}
|
[
{
"body": "Here,\n[おくびにも出さない](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%8A%E3%81%8F%E3%81%B3%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82%E5%87%BA%E3%81%95%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)\nis a common idiom that means \"not to breathe a word\" or \"not to reveal one's\n(negative) feeling at all\".\n\nThe idiom is worth memorizing, but おくび (\"burp\") is a rare word, and it's\nalmost never used on its own at least in modern Japanese. I believe most\nJapanese speakers do not even know what おくび means.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-11T11:09:06.507",
"id": "73463",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T11:09:06.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73460",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73460
| null |
73463
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73462",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is a part from a song text by\n[Aimyon](https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/aimyon/becauseiminlovekoiwoshitakara.html):\n\n> 忘れられないものなどなくて\n>\n> **譲りきれない** 思い出ばかりで\n>\n> いい加減に諦めなさいなんて\n>\n> 簡単に言わないで\n\nSo far I understand that きれない is used to modify the verb in front (here 譲る) so\nthat the action continues on. But what is the meaning of 譲る? My dictionaries\ntell me of several meanings:\n\n 1. to hand over/transfer/turn over/bequeath/convey\n 2. to give up (e.g. one's seat) / give way\n 3. to yield/concede/give ground/surrender\n 4. to sell\n 5. to postpone/put off\n\nBut I don't see which of those meanings would work on \"memories\". The\ntranslation I found:\n\n> There are only memories you don't want to give up\n\npoints to the second meaning, but somehow I had the feeling that 譲る is only\nused when the object in question is not lost, but transferred or given to\nsomebody else. Taking the meaning of the translation 譲る would be used in the\nsense of loosing the object.\n\nSo:\n\n * does 譲る have also the meaning that the object can get lost in the process\n\nor\n\n * is the translation I found for the phrase not ideal\n\nor\n\n * is this song-text Japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-11T09:49:32.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73461",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T10:56:24.413",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18895",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"connotation"
],
"title": "Meaning of 譲る in 譲りきれない思い出",
"view_count": 89
}
|
[
{
"body": "思い出を譲る is definitely not a common phrase, and I would say even a native\nspeaker can only guess the most plausible meaning from the context. And I also\nthink it basically refers to the same thing as 思い出を忘れる here. Although 譲る does\nnot normally mean the object gets lost completely, I cannot think of any other\npossibilities. It's impossible to give one's memory to someone else, and even\nif were possible, there is no one who wants the memory of this person in the\nsong.\n\nNote that this 切る means \"completely/thoroughly\" (see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/33791/5010)).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-11T10:56:24.413",
"id": "73462",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T10:56:24.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73461",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73461
|
73462
|
73462
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73465",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to understand the 「まいとしているふうなのだ」 part in:\n\n> さっさと言われた通りにすれば良いものを、店番の男はなぜだか渋面をして相手の要求を頑なに聞き入れ **まいとしているふう** なのだ\n\nAs far as I can understand:\n\n * さっさと言われた通りにすれば良いものを: Although he should quickly have done as told\n\n * 店番の男はなぜだか渋面をして相手の要求を頑なに: the clerk for some reason grimaced and stubbornly\n\n * 聞き入れまいとしているふうなのだ: \"To comply\", and I'm not sure what the rest means.\n\nI think 「まい」 [means](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%84) \"doesn't\nintend to\" (second meaning); maybe 「としている」 is part of the various meaning of\n「とする」, but I can put my finger on which one.\n[Here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/34138/35362) l'électeur said all\nof the different meanings of 「とする」 share a meaning of \"making a decision of\nsome sort\", so maybe 「としている」 shows that the clerk decided to not comply with\nthe request?\n\nAs for 「ふう」, is it the same as in 「こんなふう」, meanning \"manner\"?\n\nIf I'm on the right track, the sentences would mean something like \"he didn't\nintend to comply\"; still I'm not sure about the interaction between 「まい」 and\n「としている」 (\"he decided to not intend\"? Kinda awkward and wrong-sounding), and\nabout how 「ふう」 fits, I basically ignored it.\n\nAs per 「なのだ」, I guess it's 「だ」 > 「な」 copula + explanatory「のだ」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-11T13:33:29.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73464",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T15:15:48.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Parsing and meaning of まいとしているふう",
"view_count": 203
}
|
[
{
"body": ">\n> 「さっさと言われた通{とお}りにすれば良いものを、店番{みせばん}の男はなぜだか渋面{しぶつら}をして相手{あいて}の要求{ようきゅう}を頑{かたく}なに聞{き}き入{い}れ\n> **まいとしているふう** なのだ。」\n\nThe simpler part first.\n\n「ふう」＝「風」 in kanji = \"behavior\", \"manner\", \"style\", \"appearance\", etc.\n\nNext, 「まいとしている」.\n\n> 「Verb + まいとする」\n\nexpresses ' **negative volitional** ' meaning:\n\n> \"to not intend to [Verb]\", \"to try not to [Verb]\", etc.\n\n「まい」 is a subsidiary verb expressing a negative intention or supposition.\n\nThus, the phrase:\n\n> 「聞き入れまいとしているふうなのだ」\n\nmeans:\n\n> \"it appears as though (the clerk) would not intend to accept (the other\n> guy's request)\"\n\nIt seems you are over-analyzing the 「としている」. It is simply the present\nprogressive form of the expression 「～～まいとする」.\n\nYour understanding of the 「なのだ」 looks good.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-11T15:15:48.777",
"id": "73465",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T15:15:48.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73464",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73464
|
73465
|
73465
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73469",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What would you say is the difference between:\n\n> 君にアホだと言う\n\nAnd\n\n> 君をアホだと呼ぶ\n\nI saw there are some similar questions about this topic, but I think none\nanswers this especific matter. Thanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-11T15:38:35.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73466",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T23:55:29.270",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-11T21:13:42.967",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "35730",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "difference between 呼ぶ and 言う:",
"view_count": 376
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 1) 君{きみ} **に** アホだと言{い}う\n>\n> 2) 君 **を** アホだと呼{よ}ぶ\n\nIn **meaning** , the difference between the two is minimal.\n\nIn **grammar** , however, the difference is somewhat bigger because 「言う」 is an\nintransitive verb in 1) and 「呼ぶ」, a transitive verb in 2), which is why the\ntwo verbs take different particles -- 「に」 and 「を」 respectively.\n\n1) means \"to say to/tell you that you are a fool\"\n\n2) means \"to call you a fool\"\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-11T23:55:29.270",
"id": "73469",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T23:55:29.270",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73466",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73466
|
73469
|
73469
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73468",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In 初級を教える人のための日本語文法ハンドブック (pg. 24), an attempt is made to distinguish between\n~を出る and ~から出る (also applied to 出発する or other \"leaving\" verbs), but the\ndescription seems inconsistent:\n\n「を」vs.「から」\n\n離れる対象を表す「を」と「から」は、次の場合、どちらも使える点で似ています。\n\n「その船は2日前神戸港｛を / から｝出発した。」\n\nしかし、「大学を出る」のように物理的に離れるのではない場合にはカラ格は使えませんし、次のように無生物主語の場合にはヲ格は使えません。\n\n「煙が窓｛x を / ○ から｝出ています。」\n\nThe second part clearly states that sentences with inanimate objects as\nsubjects must use 「から」as the particle for \"leaving\" verbs, but the first part\nsays that either 「を」or「から」can be used for a sentence with 船, presumably an\ninanimate object, as the subject. This seems contradictory.\n\nWhat am I missing here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-11T16:01:00.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73467",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-06T06:20:03.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4382",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"particles"
],
"title": "~を出る vs. ~から出る: Grammar rule not consistent",
"view_count": 1055
}
|
[
{
"body": "**Short Answer** \nを marks the **point of departure** of a person (or an inanimate object\ninvolving the movement of people). から is used only for inanimate subjects.\n\n**Long Answer** \nYour example brings up what is sometimes called a \"special use of を\". Usually,\nを marks the object of a transitive verb, but in this case, it is appearing\nwith the intransitive verb 出る. This is important because it is the key to\nunderstanding the difference between から and を. According to 'Intermediate\nJapanese: A Grammar and Workbook\", the use of を with 出る marks a point of\ndeparture which involves the movement of people. This seems to include things\nlike ships and airplanes too. Even though they are technically inanimate\nobjects, they get subsumed into the animate category because they are carrying\npeople from a point of departure. The same is true of other cases in which を\nis used with an intransitive verb - e.g. 公園を通る, 歩道を歩く, 橋を渡る. In all cases, it\ninvolves the movement of people from one point. The use of を is acceptable in\nthese examples. But when the sentence involves something inanimate (like the\nsmoke in your example) which doesn't involve the movement of people, then から\nis the correct choice.\n\nOn a side note, I have occasionally heard native Japanese speakers referring\nto trains, planes or ships using いる instead of ある (船がいる). This might be\nrelated to the concept here, since the involvement of the people aboard may\nchange the category of the noun to animate, at least in informal speech.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-11T18:32:58.467",
"id": "73468",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-11T18:32:58.467",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "73467",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "> _the first part says that either 「を」or「から」can be used for a sentence with 船,\n> presumably an inanimate object, as the subject._\n\n### Word's animacy in Japanese\n\nAs you may know, nouns in Japanese has a category _animacy_ , which is decided\nby whether the object is \"sentient\" or \"animal-like\", and affects verb choice\nand numerous grammatical phenomena. What should be noted is, however, that a\nnoun is not always considered animate or inanimate by nature, but judged on a\ncase-by-case basis.\n\nA car cannot move by itself, but when a driver is in, it (as a whole) can\ntravel freely as if has a will. Thus an attended car is animate. This is\nnaturally true for all transportation and other manipulated moving machines\n(including those commanded by AI). To be more specific, judgment toward those\nobjects of non-evident animacy relies much on the observer's attitude and\nexpectation. For instance, even you can't see the driver clearly, a taxi\ncoming down the street with \"for hire\" sign is probably animate; even it is\nmoving, your car rolling because you have forgotten to set the parking brake\nis presumably inanimate; a dead body is inanimate, but it is safer to assume a\nlying corpse animate in a zombie outbreak; and so on.\n\nIn this case, a ship obviously piloted is animate.\n\n* * *\n\n### ～を出る vs ～から出る\n\nVerbs that mean going out or leaving can have its place of origin marked by\nparticle を or から. The difference is that with から, the place is imagined as a\nreal location, with extent and boundary, while with を, it is more like a\nconceptual point than a physical place (like a station shown on a timetable or\na route map). English also has a similar distinction that lets you say you are\n\"at the airport\" or \"in the airport\"; an airport is a big facility, but the\nformer ignores the geospatial details and focuses on the fact that you are\n\"functionally\" at the point accessible to what it provides and not to what\nanother place does, unlike the latter means you are somewhere in its premises.\n\nAs a result, ～を出る means that you \"conceptually\" leave the place, or to say,\nyou go out of that place with a clear orientation (if not intent) toward\nelsewhere. ～から出る simply means out of the boundary, including when you\naccidentally put your foot one step out of the border. Thus in most cases,\nwhat can do ～を出る is something animate, but it is not a hard requirement.\n銃口を飛び出した弾 \"bullet discharged from the barrel\" and 湖を出た川 \"river flowed out of\nthe lake\" are perfectly normal, because they are directed by fixed courses. On\nthe contrary, as the handbook says, 大学を出る \"graduate from college\" is only an\nabstract idea irrelevant with walking out of the campus site, so you can't\nreplace it with ～から.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-15T05:09:13.410",
"id": "73506",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-06T06:20:03.150",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-06T06:20:03.150",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "73467",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
73467
|
73468
|
73506
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73474",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "```\n\n A {\n B {\n C {\n D\n }\n }\n }\n \n```\n\n以上の構造を説明したい時に、僕はいつも「AにBにCにはDがあります」とか「AにBにCにDについて」というな言葉を使います。自分が書いた文章を声出して読んでみたら、何か違和感を感じます。こういう場合は言い換え言葉、またもっといい表現の書き方がございましたら、ご教示をお願いします。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-12T01:46:53.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73470",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-12T09:52:53.080",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-12T02:43:27.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "28020",
"owner_user_id": "28020",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "\"に\"の連続使用は避けるべきでしょうか？",
"view_count": 129
}
|
[
{
"body": "質問で示された「構造」が具体的に何かによって適切な表現は変わると思います（そもそも「に」が適切かも問題になり，自分の想像した範囲では「の」でつなぐほうが適切なことが多いように思いました）．\n強いて一般的にいえば，多少冗長になりますがたとえば\n\n> AにはBが，BにはCが，CにはDがあります\n\nという言い方にするのがよいとおもいます．上記の通り具体的にどういうふうに階層を追っていくかによって表現は変わります．いくつか思いついたものを列挙しておきます\n\n * 京都市は，日本の，近畿地方の，京都府にあります (Japan { Kinki { Kyoto-pref { Kyoto-city }}）\n * 細胞のなかにはミトコンドリアがあり，その中には DNA が含まれています (cells { mitochondria { DNA }})\n * 自然数の中で1と自身以外で割り切れない数を素数といい，そのうち差が2である組を双子素数といいます．\n\nいずれにせよ，助詞を連続して使うよりは階層を明記するほうがよいでしょう．",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-12T09:52:53.080",
"id": "73474",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-12T09:52:53.080",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4223",
"parent_id": "73470",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73470
|
73474
|
73474
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When I listen to Japanese people speak, I usually hear them say ないで{HLL} and\nなくて{HLL}, with the pitch drop always placed on な, no matter the verb. But I\nmight just be hearing things wrong.\n\nHowever, I would assume that the pitch accent pattern for these forms change\ndepending on the verb you use, depending on whether it's accented or not.\n\nFor example, for unaccented verbs, it would be ないで{HHH} and なくて{HHH}. And for\naccented verbs, the pitch drop would be where it usually is when the ない form\nis used (e.g., for the verb 食べる{LHL}, you would say, 食べないで{LHLLL} and\n食べなくて{LHLLL}).\n\nSo, what exactly is the rule for these forms?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-12T10:43:20.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73475",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-04T03:10:51.087",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31349",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Pitch accent for ないで and なくて",
"view_count": 622
}
|
[
{
"body": "For unaccented verbs, the accent falls on な.\n\n * 行く いく{LH} → いかないで{LHHLL} いかなくて{LHHLL}\n\n * 開ける あける{LHH} → あけないで{LHHLL} あけなくて{LHHLL}\n\nFor accented verbs, the accent falls on the mora preceding な.*\n\n * 書く かく{HL} → かかないで{LHLLL} かかなくて{LHLLL}\n\n * 食べる たべる{LHL} → たべないで{LHLLL} たべなくて{LHLLL}\n\n*If the mora preceding な is ん due to the sound change ら→ん, the accent shifts one mora leftward. \n\n * 分かる わかる{LHL} → わからないで{LHHLLL} → わかんないで{LHLLLL}\n\nわからなくて{LHHLLL} わかんなくて{LHLLLL}\n\n**Edit** : The following is not correct.\n\n~~In addition, for some accented verbs whose stems end in a sequence of two\nvowels (Martin lists about twenty), the accent optionally shifts one mora\nleftward.\n\n * 考える かんがえる{LHHHL} → かんがえないで{LHHHLLL} かんがえなくて{LHHHLLL}\n\nor\n\nかんがえる{LHHLL} → かんがえないで{LHHLLLL} かんがえなくて{LHHLLLL}\n\n~~\n\n* * *\n\nReferences:\n\n * <http://www5a.biglobe.ne.jp/~accent/accent2.htm>\n * <http://www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ojad/kouzokugo/index>\n * <http://main-website.com/japanese-verb-accent#B>\n * Samuel E. Martin, [A Reference Grammar of Japanese](https://books.google.com/books?id=SszxbMtHbs8C&pg=PA24), p.24",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-03T14:00:10.310",
"id": "73706",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-03T15:08:43.697",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-03T15:08:43.697",
"last_editor_user_id": "11824",
"owner_user_id": "11824",
"parent_id": "73475",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73475
| null |
73706
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm new here so if a similar question have been asked before then feel free to\ndelete the thread. I need some help with this \"seemingly\" easy phrasing. What\nkind of grammar pattern goes before words like よかった、ありがとう、うれしい、or any other\nadjective. is it TE form, plain form, plain form + から And if I want to say \"I\nwas happy that he did it\" Do I change うれしい and the verb or just うれしい？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-12T11:24:21.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73476",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-13T20:07:48.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36278",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "'I'm happy/sorry/grateful that...\" (thanks for.../happy to hear that...)",
"view_count": 547
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you could use the te-form in most situations:\n\n * ～てくれ **て** ありがとう -- Thank you for ...ing \n * ～ **て** よかった -- It's good that... / I'm happy (to hear) that... \n * ～と聞い **て** うれしい -- I'm happy to hear that... \n\nExamples:\n\n> 「手伝ってくれ **て** ありがとうございます。」 \n> (Thank you for helping me.) \n> 「お会いでき **て** よかったです。」 \n> (I'm happy that I could see you.) \n> 「合格したと聞い **て** うれしいです。」 \n> (I'm happy to hear that you passed the test.) \n> 「山田さんが来られなく **て** 残念です。」 \n> (I'm sorry that Yamada-san can't make it.)\n\n* * *\n\n> if I want to say \"I was happy that he did it\" Do I change うれしい and the verb\n> or just うれしい？\n\nI think you could say 「～～てうれしかった」.\n\n> 「誘ってくれてうれしかったです。」 \n> (I was happy that you invited me.) \n> 「お父さんが帰ってきてうれしかった。」 \n> (I was happy that my dad came back.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-12T14:55:37.080",
"id": "73477",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-12T14:55:37.080",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "73476",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73476
| null |
73477
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73498",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've only ever heard this form be used in the command \"待ちな!\" (Wait!), but just\nout of curiosity, I'd like to know what pitch accent rule(s) apply here. I\nthought I'd heard the above-mentioned phrase be pronounced as まちな{HLL}, but\nfor some reason, that doesn't seem right to me, since this is a shortening of\nthe なさい form, which is always pronounced with a pitch drop on さ. So wouldn't\nyou say まちな{LHH}(さい{HL})? Following that logic, wouldn't you also say\n食べな{LHH}?\n\nWhat rule applies here? Is it the same for all verbs, whether they be accented\nor unaccented?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-12T15:55:16.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73478",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-15T13:49:46.293",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31349",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Pitch accent pattern for verb stem + な",
"view_count": 426
}
|
[
{
"body": "> this is a shortening of the なさい form, which is always pronounced with a\n> pitch drop on さ. So wouldn't you say [まちな]{LHH}([さい]{HL})? Following that\n> logic, wouldn't you also say [食べな]{LHH}?\n\nYou're right. We pronounce the positive imperative 「～～な」 this way:\n\n> [まちな]{LHH}。\"Wait!\"\n>\n> [たべな]{LHH}。\"Eat (it)!\"\n>\n> [いきな]{LHH}。\"Go!\"\n>\n> [みな]{LH}。\"Look!\"\n>\n> [あきらめな]{LHHHH}。\"Give (it) up!\"\n>\n> [やりな]{LHH}。\"Do (it)!\"\n>\n> [しな]{LH}。\"Do (it)!\"\n>\n> [べんきょうしな]{LHHHHHH}。\"Study!\"\n\nWe don't pronounce 待ちな as [まちな]{HLL}.\n\n* * *\n\n> I thought I'd heard the above-mentioned phrase be pronounced as [まちな]{HLL}\n\nMaybe you heard 「待 **つ** な」? The negative imperative 「な」 is pronounced with a\nlow pitch:\n\n> [まつな]{HLL}。\"Don't wait!\"\n>\n> [たべるな]{LHLL}。\"Don't eat (it)!\"\n>\n> [いくな]{LHL}。\"Don't go!\"\n>\n> [みるな]{HLL}。 \"Don't look!\"\n>\n> [あきらめるな]{LHHHLL}。\"Don't give up!\"\n>\n> [やるな]{LHL}。\"Don't do it!\"\n>\n> [するな]{LHL}。\"Don't do it!\"\n>\n> [べんきょうするな]{LHHHHHHL}。\"Don't study!\"\n\n... or maaybe you heard **Kansai-ben** 「待ちいな」(imperative 待ちい + causal end-\nparticle な)?\n\n> [まちい]{LHL}+[な]{L}/[さ]{L}/[や]{L}。\"Wait!\"\n>\n> [たべえ]{LHL}+[な]{L}/[さ]{L}/[や]{L}。 \"Eat!\"\n>\n> [しい]{HL}+[な]{L}/[さ]{L}。/ [せえ]{HL}+[や]{L}。\"Do it!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-14T02:59:00.307",
"id": "73498",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-15T13:49:46.293",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "73478",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
73478
|
73498
|
73498
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "One of my current biggest challenges in learning Japanese sentence patterns is\nknowing which verb forms to use when linking to set phrases.\n\nThe largest classes of verb forms I've seen that are used to link verbs to\nother structures are 連用形｛れんようけい｝ (stem form), テ形｛けい｝ (te form), and 普通形｛ふつうけい｝\n(plain form). Here are some examples of grammar patterns from each category.\n\n**連用形 (stem form)**\n\n * 連用形＋はじめる（例：今週｛こんしゅう｝、日本語｛にほんご｝を勉強｛べんきょう｝ **し** はじめました。）\n * 連用形＋方｛かた｝（例：この漢字｛かんじ｝の **書｛か｝き** 方はとても簡単｛かんたん｝ですね。）\n * 連用形＋たい（例：今晩｛こんばん｝、天｛てん｝ぷらを **食｛た｝べ** たいです。）\n\n**テ形 (te form)**\n\n * テ形＋いく（例：ちょうちょうは **飛｛と｝んで** いた）\n * テ形＋ください（例： **聞｛き｝いて** ください）\n * テ形＋ほしい（例：レストランに一緒｛いっしょ｝に **行｛い｝って** ほしいです）\n\n**普通形 (plain form)**\n\n * 普通形＋かもしれません（例：東京｛とうきょう｝に **行｛い｝く** かもしれません）\n * 普通形＋ようになる（例：練習｛れんしゅう｝したから、今｛いま｝漢字を **書｛か｝ける** ようになりました。）\n * 普通形＋ところ（例：彼｛かれ｝と犬｛いぬ｝は公園｛こうえん｝から **来｛く｝る** ところです。）\n\n(Feel free to correct my grammar in any of these examples too if there are any\nerrors as I'm still learning!)\n\nAnyhow, if you were given an arbitrary grammar structure, such as `＋はじめる`,\n`＋ください`, `＋かもしれません` without knowledge of which verb form should preceede,\nwould there be any logic in how to retroactively figure out (or at least have\na good guess) as to which verb form should come before?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-12T15:57:06.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73479",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-21T07:13:42.010",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-13T01:17:50.293",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33505",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"て-form",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Logic behind grammar patterns",
"view_count": 284
}
|
[
{
"body": "I will be interested to see if someone can produce a good, comprehensive\nanswer to this question. I only have a partial answer; as an advanced learner\nbut non-native speaker, the reasons for distinctions between constructions\nthat use テ形 and those that use 連用形 seem pretty arbitrary, though I'm sure\nthere are historical or etymological reasons.\n\nThat said, the examples from your 普通形 section are much easier to explain. I'm\nnot going to touch on the semantics here because that doesn't appear to be\nwhat you're asking about, just how these phrases behave grammatically.\n\nYou can think of `かもしれない` as\n\n> か＋も＋知れない\n\n(see\n[here](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%8B%E3%82%82%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%8C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-466938))\nand it's not only usable with verbs. Grammatically this behaves the same way\nany other verb taking embedded questions ending in `か` does; you can say\n`彼はばかかもしれない` or conjugate the `知れない` to make it more formal like `そうかもしれません`.\n\n`ようになる` is :\n\n> よう＋に＋なる\n\nThere are a large number of other possible constructions involving `よう`\nfollowed by various particles and verbs. However, the important thing is that\ngrammatically both `よう` and `ところ` behave like nouns - when you use plain form\nverbs with them, it's only because relative clauses that qualify nouns are in\nplain form. It's the same reason that in`犬を怖がる猫`, `怖がる` is in plain form\n(because it's qualifying the noun `猫`).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-13T01:13:14.497",
"id": "73486",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-13T01:13:14.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7705",
"parent_id": "73479",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I try to think of the forms like so within grammar structures:\n\nThe plain form as a clause:\n\nいいところね。\n\nLit. Place that is good yeah?\n\nNaturally. It's a good place, yeah?\n\n雨が降るかもしらない。\n\nLit. Whether (か) it will even (も) rain, I don't know (知らない).\n\nNaturally. Maybe it will rain.\n\nThe stem form as (a partial entity) in a special noun form:\n\n食べる-->食べ\n\nto eat-->eating (partial entity; non-standalone noun)\n\n食べに 行きます。\n\nLit. to \"eating\" I will go.\n\nNaturally. I will go to eat.\n\n読む-->読み\n\nto read-->reading (standalone noun)\n\n本をもう読みはじめました。\n\nLit. \"reading the book\" I already started.\n\nNaturally. I already started (reading) the book.\n\nThe te-form as a precursor:\n\n鉛筆を持ってきます。\n\nLit. I held a pencil AND THEN I came (here).\n\nNaturally. I have/brought a pencil.\n\n鉛筆を机の上に置いておきました。\n\nLit. I put the pencil on the table AND SO I prepared for some reasons.\n\nNaturally. The pencil is ready on the table.\n\nSo, what others here previously said, and how they broke down the grammar in\ntheir answers makes sense. If you think this way.\n\nThis thinking has helped me immediately think of which form to use when.\n\nHope that helps you or anyone else.\n\nEdit:\n\nください may be harder to grasp. Let's do this:\n\nくださる--> to give, to kindly do for (special class verb)\n\nください-->special form of a verb of this type\n\nお待ち下さい (待ち being the stem form. So, a special noun form)\n\nLit. waiting do kindly for me\n\nNaturally. Please wait (a bit)\n\n待ってください (待って being the te form. So a precursor)\n\nLit. You wait AND SO you do kindly for me\n\nNaturally. Please wait.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-10-21T03:18:19.713",
"id": "90826",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-21T07:13:42.010",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-21T07:13:42.010",
"last_editor_user_id": "48504",
"owner_user_id": "48504",
"parent_id": "73479",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
73479
| null |
73486
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73484",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am not really sure if I understood the following sentence correctly:\n\n> 「しかも攻撃パワーは **並の上** といったところ！」\n\nThe pattern in bold is what makes me struggle here. I found this explanation\nof the last part of the sentences <https://j-nihongo.com/toittatokoroda/>, in\nwhich **「といったところ」** was described as being used for expression amounts that\nare not very high. Judging from that I believe that the amount of power is not\nexceptionally large here. However, the **「並の上」** would be indecipherable to me\nwithout the meaning of **「といったところ」**. When checking the dictionary entries I\nfelt like picking exactly what I had to in order to \"make the pattern fix the\nsituation\".\n\nThe problem is matter not very complicated but I feel like I am missing\nsomething about the pattern.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-12T17:05:04.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73481",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-12T21:55:02.773",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-12T17:13:33.377",
"last_editor_user_id": "35673",
"owner_user_id": "35673",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Question about 「並の上」",
"view_count": 123
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「しかも攻撃{こうげき}パワーは並{なみ}の上{うえ}といったところ！」\n\n「並{なみ}」 means \"average\", \"regular\", etc. Look at the image in [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/43439/what-\ndoes-%e3%82%a2%e3%82%bf%e3%83%9e-mean-in-reference-to-food-portion-\nsizes/43440#43440) where the word is used to indicate the regular-size beef\nbowl.\n\n「並の上」, therefore, means \" **above average** \". The connotation often\nassociated with this phrase is \" **not great** \", but without further context,\nI could not tell if that is the case with the sentence in question.\n\nSeeing 「並の上」 in conjunction with 「といったところ」, however, I would tend to think\nthat the speaker is not too impressed by the attack power.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-12T21:55:02.773",
"id": "73484",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-12T21:55:02.773",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73481",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
73481
|
73484
|
73484
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When doing some studying, I came across the verb `達成する` which means `to\nachieve/accomplish`.\n\nWhen looking up 達 I realized that this is the commonly used ~達{たち} suffix\nwhich used to pluralize something. I don't know why I've never thought the\ncharacter was a strange character for plural, as the compounds seem to have\nmore to do with travelling or walking than plural.\n\nI see how it could be used in the context of 達成{たっせい} but does anyone know how\nit came to mean `plural`? My guesses is that to accomplish a long journey\nyou'd need a large group of things or people or animals to be successful, but\nthat's just a shot in the dark.\n\n### Context:\n\n日本語\n\n> ...平和{へいわ}が **達成{たっせい}** されたと主張{しゅちょ}します\n\nEnglish\n\n> ... claim/insist to have achieved peace.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-12T18:18:46.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73482",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-12T21:30:31.870",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-12T18:24:35.277",
"last_editor_user_id": "17",
"owner_user_id": "17",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"plural-suffixes"
],
"title": "How did 達 (~tachi) come to mean `pluralize` something?",
"view_count": 1826
}
|
[
{
"body": "You seem to be really over-analyzing this. It is only an\n[当{あ}て字{じ}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateji).\n\nThe plural suffix \"tachi/dachi\" already existed when Japanese was merely a\nspoken language without a writing system. We simply assigned the kanji 「達」 to\nthe suffix later on.\n\nThe kanji 「達」 does not have that meaning originally, but that is the whole\npoint of 当て字. It is sound-based.\n\nDefinition #5 from [Wiktionary for\n達](https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%94) reads:\n\n> 5.（日本語{にほんご}）複数接尾辞{ふくすうせつびご}「たち」（または「だち」）の当{あ}て字{じ}\n\nwhich is exactly what I stated above.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-12T21:30:31.870",
"id": "73483",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-12T21:30:31.870",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73482",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 16
}
] |
73482
| null |
73483
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "1) I know that, to express something that you must do, you can use 方{ほう}がいい\nand, for a stronger feeling, べき.\n\n2) I am also aware you can use conditionals like 〜なくちゃ、〜なきゃ、〜ないと to express\nthat you need to do something.\n\nThough I understand the difference between 方がいい and べき, and I somewhat\nunderstand the differences in 〜なくちゃ、〜なきゃ、and 〜ないと, I don't understand the\ndifference between those two groups. I don't understand the difference between\n1 and 2.\n\nIs there some sort of nuance I'm missing? Also, is there a difference between\nsomething you **need** (by yourself) versus what you're **obligated to do**\n(by society or rules or something)?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-13T05:05:29.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73487",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-14T03:25:43.640",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-14T03:25:43.640",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36284",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"usage",
"obligations"
],
"title": "Differences between ways to express obligation?",
"view_count": 169
}
|
[] |
73487
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I found an article\n[here](https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Cobs_2000521/), and the first\nsentence contains fragment ~かっぱ寿司では~. Can not translate it - what does it\nmean? The complete sentence:\n回転寿司チェーンかっぱ寿司では、12月13日から「本格ラーメンシリーズ」の第八弾として金澤濃厚中華そば神仙監修の「神系金澤味噌ラーメン」を全国の店舗で発売する。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-13T13:30:30.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73490",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-13T13:30:30.913",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Meaning of かっぱ寿司では",
"view_count": 122
}
|
[] |
73490
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73493",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between 店{みせ} and 店{てん}舗{ぽ}? Both mean shop?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-13T13:45:06.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73491",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-13T16:32:49.663",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-13T16:32:49.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "Difference between 店{みせ} and 店{てん}舗{ぽ}",
"view_count": 533
}
|
[
{
"body": "In short, there is no real difference in meaning between the words. Both mean\n'shop' or 'store'.\n\nAs for the tone of the words, you could argue that 店 is more commonly used in\nspoken Japanese and that 店舗 is slightly more formal sounding, making it more\nlikely to be seen in written Japanese.\n\nConceptually, there is also an argument that 店 refers more to the 'store' as\nan abstract idea and that 店舗 refers to the 'store' as the physical building.\nBut I doubt it makes any difference in practice, even if true.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-13T16:24:21.180",
"id": "73493",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-13T16:24:21.180",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "73491",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73491
|
73493
|
73493
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73496",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "To be more specific, why can I say,\n\n> 木村{きむら}さんなら、もう帰{かえ}りましたよ。\n\nand not,\n\n> 木村さんなら、もう帰っていきましたよ。\n\nThanks in advance!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-13T15:36:06.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73492",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-14T03:24:38.560",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-14T03:24:38.560",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33530",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between 帰りました and 帰っていきました?",
"view_count": 363
}
|
[
{
"body": "If this were part of a conversation between two employees working in the same\noffice/place, then it would be extremely weird to say:\n\n> 「木村{きむら}さんなら、もう帰{かえ}っていきましたよ。」\n\nunless Kimura commuted from the moon or someplace unusually far away.\n\n「帰っていく」 describes the **_long_** process of (gradually) going away from a\nplace back to one's home or original location. The verb phrase even has a\nsomewhat poetic or dramatic feel to it. It almost feels as if you might not\nsee that person again very soon.\n\nThat is why you would sound strange to say 「木村さんなら、もう帰っていきましたよ。」 to someone\nwho simply wants to know if Kimura is still around. 「帰っていく」 is way too nuanced\nfor that purpose.\n\nIf, however, Kimura were not a regular employee and came to the office only\nonce a month from a distant region, then you might utter that sentence.\n\nOtherwise, the far more natural-sounding sentence choice would be:\n\n> 「木村さんなら、もう帰りましたよ。」\n\nbecause 「帰る」 carries absolutely no connotations and therefore, it is perfect\nfor an everyday conversation.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-13T23:21:30.083",
"id": "73496",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-13T23:27:32.377",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-13T23:27:32.377",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73492",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73492
|
73496
|
73496
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73554",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading a few articles about 依り代 and there's one thing I'm wondering\nabout. Most of what I read say that 'yorishiro' are objects or sometimes\npeople that attract kami. The following is just my assumption because I did\nnot find something that would specify, but, I wondered if the objects or\n'vessels' (this is how I would translate in a particular context) need to have\ncertain qualities/certain aspects in order for the kami to posses it? \nI'm asking this because it might help me with something I came across for\nwhich I have formed a theory. \nThank you!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-14T00:53:13.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73497",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-19T03:33:57.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"culture"
],
"title": "A question about 依り代",
"view_count": 135
}
|
[
{
"body": "Today, 依り代 is broadly used in any context related to spirit possession, and it\ncan be anything or anyone. It's also commonly used outside the contexts of\nJapanese _shinto_. It can be a piece of paper, a sword, a tree, a rock, a\ndoll, an animal or a human being. I think it's perfectly fine to use 依り代 to\ndescribe some ritual item used by a Voodoo priestess, for example.\n\nAccording to sources, the word 依り代 was invented in the early 20th century by\nan ethnologist [Shinobu\nOrikuchi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinobu_Orikuchi) to explain a certain\naspect of religious belief of Japanese people. It's not a traditional _shinto_\nterm, and by its nature, the word will not determine what a concrete 依り代 must\nlook like.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-19T03:20:30.337",
"id": "73554",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-19T03:33:57.863",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-19T03:33:57.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73497",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
73497
|
73554
|
73554
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73505",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "which is the natural way to refer to the \"young generation\" (ex: now its the\n\"millennial generation\") in a derogatory way: \n若 **い** 連中 \n若連中 // don't say the い \n若者 \n若者達 \n若者ら\n\nMaybe say something like: \n今の日本の＿＿は前の経済的な習慣、例えば愛社精神とか集団意識とか年功序列など、を尊重するというより、給料しか考えずに適当に転職するわがままやつらなんじゃない。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-14T05:27:30.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73499",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-15T13:35:35.160",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-15T04:40:53.430",
"last_editor_user_id": "4835",
"owner_user_id": "4835",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "best phrase choice for a derogatory reference to the \"young generation\"?",
"view_count": 295
}
|
[
{
"body": "use 若者 is even formal and can hear from news. Add 連中 is a derogatory way, like\nold people hating young lol.I've never heard 若連中 in Japan¯_(ツ)_/¯ so ''若い連中''\nis suitable to that conversion.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-14T18:45:58.930",
"id": "73502",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-14T18:45:58.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36299",
"parent_id": "73499",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "To be honest, none of the five words/phrases you listed sound derogatory.\n「若{わか}い連中{れんちゅう}」 might to a very small extent, but the rest sounds just\nnormal.\n\nThe real question, to me at least, is: \"Should you really use a derogatory\nterm to refer to a group of millions of people?\" Not sure what the answer\nwould be in your language and/or culture, but in Japanese culture, I can\nguarantee that that would be considered highly abnormal. It is not like using\na derogatory term to refer to a group of several that you personally know.\n\nI would stick with 「若い連中」 myself. If, however, you still want to know some\nderogatory terms for future reference, then we have:\n\n * 「若造{わかぞう}」\n\n * 「青二才{あおにさい}」\n\n * 「（くそ）ガキ」\n\n * 「ひよっこ」\n\n * 「鼻{はな}たれ小僧{こぞう}」\n\nSomebody stop me!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-14T23:23:41.727",
"id": "73505",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-15T13:35:35.160",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-15T13:35:35.160",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73499",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
73499
|
73505
|
73505
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73501",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading something and I came across this sentence:\n\n> それだって **仕掛ける機会** が得られなかったというだけで、殺しそのものを失敗したわけでも証拠を残したわけでもない。\n\nMy problem is that I don’t understand what **仕掛ける機会** means in this context. I\nknow that **機会** is something like chance or opportunity, but the verb doesn't\nmake sense to me. Sorry if I can't ask this here.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-14T16:58:44.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73500",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-14T17:19:40.060",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-14T17:03:44.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "34167",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Meaning of \"仕掛ける機会\"",
"view_count": 120
}
|
[
{
"body": "仕掛ける means ''challenge'' or ''set traps'', but it's hard to tell which is\ncorrect from only this sentence. It's depends on what ''それ(=it)''in sentence\nis talking about.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-14T17:19:40.060",
"id": "73501",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-14T17:19:40.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36299",
"parent_id": "73500",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
73500
|
73501
|
73501
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73504",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Let's say my friend is in my room and I am out in the kitchen.\n\nAt some time I decide to enter my room.\n\nIs it appropriate to say おじゃまします when I am entering my own room?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-14T20:46:34.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73503",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-15T17:29:32.233",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-15T17:29:32.233",
"last_editor_user_id": "18772",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "Is it appropriate to say おじゃまします when entering one's own room?",
"view_count": 1486
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is not appropriate to use the phrase in that situation. 「邪魔{じゃま}する」 means \"\n**to bother** \", \" **to disturb** \", etc., which one would not be doing when\nentering one's own room.\n\nA more suitable situation to say it would be like this. Suppose there are your\ngood friend and his/her gf/bf in your room when you are somewhere else. **_As\na joke_** , you might say 「お邪魔します」 upon entering the room.\n\nOutside of comedy, you will basically never say 「お邪魔します」 in your own home,\neven including when entering your parents' or sibling's room.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-14T22:54:52.827",
"id": "73504",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-14T22:54:52.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73503",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
}
] |
73503
|
73504
|
73504
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How do you order someone to turn around in a direct and forceful manner, like\nthe way a police officer or soldier would say? Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-15T06:52:04.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73507",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-04T16:41:04.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36300",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"phrases",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How to say \"turn around!\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 837
}
|
[
{
"body": "You could literally just say 「後ろをむけ！」, but I'm not sure if this is what law\nenforcement or military would use.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-15T07:30:16.890",
"id": "73508",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-15T07:30:16.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "73507",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> like the way a police officer or soldier would say?\n\nHow about...\n\n「[[回]{まわ}れ[右]{みぎ}！](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%9B%9E%E3%82%8C%E5%8F%B3/)」?\n\nor maybe something like...\n\n> Biff: Just turn around, McFly, and walk away. \n> ビフ: [**回れ右だ**\n> マクフライ。とっとと消えろ。](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFWiH07MPBg&feature=youtu.be&t=120)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-15T08:55:53.393",
"id": "73509",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-04T16:41:04.780",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-04T16:41:04.780",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "73507",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73507
| null |
73508
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73511",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Let's take an example where a woman have a red _bag_ , red _shoes_ and red\n_glasses_ (multiple items (nouns) described by the same adjective : _red_ ).\nTo describe her, if I write :\n\n> 女{おんな}の人{ひと}は赤{あか}い鞄{かばん}と靴{くつ}と眼鏡{めがね}を持{も}っています。\n\nI feel like it's not clear that the woman wears different items but all of the\nsame color ( _red_ ). This sentence can imply that she has a red bag, but\nblack shoes and blue glasses. To clarify that all of the items listed are red,\nI think it is grammatically correct to write :\n\n> 女{おんな}の人{ひと}は赤{あか}い鞄{かばん}と赤{あか}い靴{くつ}と赤{あか}い眼鏡{めがね}を持{も}っています。\n\nBut I feel like the 赤{あか}い adjective is redundant here.\n\nI can probably reformulate my sentence and write :\n\n> 女{おんな}の人{ひと}は鞄{かばん}と靴{くつ}と眼鏡{めがね}を持{も}っています。全部{ぜんぶ}は赤{あか}いです。\n\nBut I'm wondering if, without reformulation, I can apply an adjective ( _red_\n) to a list of multiple nouns without any ambiguity. Kind like mathematically\n:\n\n> 赤{あか}い * (鞄{かばん} + 靴{くつ} + 眼鏡{めがね})",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-15T17:13:58.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73510",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-16T14:56:56.373",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-15T17:40:31.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32939",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Applying the same adjective to multiple nouns",
"view_count": 319
}
|
[
{
"body": "As long as you are inserting the **adjective 「赤い」** in front of only the first\nnoun or each of the three nouns, you will not be forming an unambiguous,\nnatural-sounding and adult-speaker-like sentence. At least I could not think\nof such a sentence.\n\nInstead, what most adult native speakers would do in this case would be to use\nthe **noun 「赤」** and form sentences such as:\n\n * 「その女の人 **は** 、鞄、靴、そして眼鏡 **と** 、（すべて or どれも）赤 **で** （揃{そろ}えている or コーディネートしている）。」\n\n * 「その女の人（ **の** or **が** ）身{み}に着{つ}けている鞄、靴、そして眼鏡 **は** （すべて or どれも）（赤です or 赤 **で** 統一{とういつ}されている）。」\n\nI did not use 「持っている」 because it can suggest that all or part of the items are\nin the closet at the moment and the woman is not wearing any or all of them.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-16T01:09:26.800",
"id": "73511",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-16T14:56:56.373",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-16T14:56:56.373",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73510",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
73510
|
73511
|
73511
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw a short sentence: “A入れこみB”. What does this mean?\n\nA enters B? B holds A? Or A says something to B? Or does it mean something\nelse?\n\nI found this sentence in a storyboard, looking a bit like this:\n\n",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-16T01:34:58.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73512",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-27T11:58:47.473",
"last_edit_date": "2020-03-27T11:58:47.473",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "36050",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 入れこみ mean here?",
"view_count": 456
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is a shortened storyboard action description rather than a real sentence,\nsomething like that from the American washing instruction. In this context, it\nseems to say that:\n\n> A（を画面に）入れこみ B（を映す） \n> (show / focus on) B, A within (the screen)\n\nAs Japanese is a verb-final language, the composition `N + V + N` usually\ndoesn't form a valid construction other than relative clauses, or the reading-\nout of math formulae (3 たす 4).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-16T04:27:44.777",
"id": "73513",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-26T04:59:21.083",
"last_edit_date": "2020-03-26T04:59:21.083",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "73512",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
73512
| null |
73513
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73516",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've come across two lines in some dialogue that used 付き合わされる身になって as follows:\n\n 1. 悪ふざけに付き合わされる身になってよ\n 2. 付き合わされる身になって欲しいわ\n\nSo far, I've only been able to find that 身になって is used to ask someone to put\nthemselves in the speaker's shoes. I'm unsure on the 付き合わされる part, but would\nit be wrong to guess that the two lines above meaning the following?\n\n 1. Put yourself in my shoes, having been forced to play along with this prank.\n 2. I'd like you to put yourself in my shoes to see how I've been forced to play along.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-16T12:10:46.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73515",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-16T16:04:52.547",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22050",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does 付き合わされる身になって mean?",
"view_count": 304
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「悪{わる}ふざけに付{つ}き合{あ}わされる身{み}になってよ。」\n>\n> 「付き合わされる身になって欲しいわ。」\n\nThis is a surprisingly tough one if literal translation is what one is after\nbecause even though 「身になる」 is a set phrase, 「身」 is a noun and therefore, one\ncan grammatically insert the relative clause 「（悪ふざけに）付き合わされる」 to modify it in\nJapanese. This sentence structure works with no problems in that language.\n\nIn English, however, how do you modify the noun \"shoes\" in the expression \"to\nput yourself in someone's shoes\" by using a relative clause without creating\nany grammatical clumsiness? Perhaps English-speakers would know how, but I do\nnot.\n\nAll I can say for sure is that from your TL attempts, you clearly seem to know\nwhat these sentences mean. As long as you know that 「付き合わされる」 is in the\n**causative passive-voice** form (\"to be forced to play along\"), actual\ntranslations can come in different forms.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-16T16:04:52.547",
"id": "73516",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-16T16:04:52.547",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73515",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73515
|
73516
|
73516
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73519",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this word in a manga page, on the top right speech bubble. I'm\nnot sure whether this Kanji should be read as なつく or いだく. Moreover, neither of\nthe readings make too much sense to me, should I interpret this phrase as\n\"Aren't you getting too attached?\" or something along these lines, since it's\n(apparently) in the passive form?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dc2OY.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-16T16:50:53.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73517",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-17T07:52:44.250",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-17T07:52:44.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "36313",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"readings",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "How is 懐く read in this case?",
"view_count": 484
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is 「なつく」.\n\n> 「あんたあんまり懐{なつ}かれてないんじゃないの？」\n\nmeans:\n\n> \"You are not liked much by (someone), are you?\"\n\n「懐く」 here means \"to take to (someone)\".\n\n「懐かれる」 is in the passive-voice form.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-16T17:02:10.880",
"id": "73519",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-16T17:02:10.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73517",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
73517
|
73519
|
73519
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I saw this dialogue in an anime; 柑菜{かんな} is a girl in love with 海{かい}, and a\nshort before this happened visited 海's house. A knows of 柑菜 feelings, since\nthere was a dialogue in which she kinda confirmed (something like \"Since when\ndo you know about my feelings?\") and she explicitely said she won't confess.\n\n> A: 柑菜な\n>\n> 海: 谷川{たにがわ}柑菜?谷川柑菜なら今日うちに\n>\n> A: あいつ海がすきだぜ。谷川柑菜は霧島海人{きりしまかいと}を好きなんだ\n\nI'm not sure why 「を」 instead of 「が」. I found some answers on this topic, like\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/26005/usage-\nof-%EF%BD%9E%E3%82%92%E5%A5%BD%E3%81%8D-outside-of-embedded-clauses) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3473/%E3%82%92-vs-%E3%81%8C-with-\nuse-against-%E5%A5%BD%E3%81%8D), but they focus on 「好き」 and the like being in\nrelative sentences, which doesn't seem the case here. Does using 「を」 implies\nan unsaid 「と思う」? Since A knows about 柑菜's feelings I'm not sure this is the\ncase.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-16T16:53:36.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73518",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-17T10:14:04.767",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "を好き instead of が好き",
"view_count": 335
}
|
[] |
73518
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I've thought さかさま to mean to rotate 180\" over the X-axis. In dictionaries, I\nsee the definition \"to invert, upside down; to flip\" ok.\n\nBut \" _to reverse, back to front_ \" is also included in some dictionaries as a\n\"secondary\" definition for さかさま。This seems strange.\n\nIn daily use Japanese, さかさま 99% of the time means \"rotate over the X-axis and\nturn something upside down. to invert / flip\", right? And saying \"さかさまにしろ\" is\nlike telling someone to \"stand on their head\"?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-17T00:52:18.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73520",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-18T04:21:13.727",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-18T04:21:13.727",
"last_editor_user_id": "4835",
"owner_user_id": "4835",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Does 逆さまにする ever mean rotation on the Y-axis? a twist?",
"view_count": 132
}
|
[] |
73520
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering how I would say 2000 people go to (Name) High School in\nJapanese. It might be easier to say 毎日、二千の生徒はX高校に通ういます。but it would like to\nknow how to phrase it more like X高校は二千の生徒が（verb)。How would I do this?\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-17T01:33:57.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73521",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-17T01:55:40.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36317",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "How to say 2000 people attend X High School",
"view_count": 324
}
|
[
{
"body": "The most common phrase to describe that would be:\n\n> 「Ｘ高校{こうこう}の生徒数{せいとすう}は2,000人{にん}です。」\n\nfollowed probably by:\n\n> 「Ｘ高校には2,000人の生徒がいます。」\n\nand a more formal way to say that would be:\n\n> 「Ｘ高校には2,000名{めい}の生徒が在籍{ざいせき}しています。」\n\nYour first sentence:\n\n> 「毎日{まいにち}、二千の生徒はX高校に通{かよ}ういます。」\n\ncontains a couple of mistakes.\n\n「二千の生徒」⇒「二千人の生徒」\n\n「は」⇒「が」 ← 「は」 is not an option.\n\n「通ういます」⇒「通っています」\n\nMake those corrections and you will have a fairly natural-sounding sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-17T01:55:40.737",
"id": "73522",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-17T01:55:40.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73521",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
73521
| null |
73522
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73525",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "回転 means rotation. How to understand this phrase: 回転寿司チェーン ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-17T10:43:47.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73524",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-19T20:09:43.210",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-19T20:09:43.210",
"last_editor_user_id": "7045",
"owner_user_id": "7045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "Another meaning of 回{かい}転{てん} in phrase 回{かい}転{てん}寿{ず}司{し}チェーン",
"view_count": 144
}
|
[
{
"body": "「回転寿司」 are those [sushi restaurant with the conveyor\nbelt](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%BB%A2%E5%AF%BF%E5%8F%B8),\nwhile 「チェーン」 can mean a [store\nchain](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3), so it\nseems to mean a chain of conveyor belt sushi restaurant; does it make sense,\ngiven the context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-17T10:51:20.620",
"id": "73525",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-17T10:51:20.620",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"parent_id": "73524",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
73524
|
73525
|
73525
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73527",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the song **宝物** by WANIMA, the chorus goes:\n\n```\n\n 思いにまかせて\n 感じるまま描いて\n まだ見えない明日へ\n 誰にも止められない\n 今この瞬間が紛れもなく全て。\n \n```\n\n`紛れもない` is in `く` form, which means it's modifiying a verb. However, `全て` is\nnowhere near a verb, but might be an adverb (which if it is, isn't modifying\nany verb)\n\nI thought there might be a verb `全る` but I tried looking it up and there's\nnone.\n\nIs this just a common grammar rule break in songs? Or am I missing something\nhere?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-17T11:19:15.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73526",
"last_activity_date": "2022-08-30T23:50:31.183",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-17T16:29:47.963",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "33156",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing",
"song-lyrics",
"reading-comprehension",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "I-adjective in く form modifies a noun/adverb",
"view_count": 292
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 紛れもなく is like an adverb, but I think it is modifying not a single word\nbut an entire clause, like an [English\ndisjunct](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjunct_\\(linguistics\\)) (also known\nas [sentence\nadverbs](https://web.archive.org/web/20220825043950/https://www.lexico.com/grammar/sentence-\nadverbs)). This 紛れもなく is emphasizing 今この瞬間が全て as a whole. A similar example\nis:\n\n> 間違いなく彼は犯人だ。 \n> = 彼は間違いなく犯人だ。 \n> He is definitely the culprit.\n\nNote that the ku-form of an adjective can also modify another adjective, e.g.,\n酷く臭い (\"terribly stinky\").",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-17T12:14:19.027",
"id": "73527",
"last_activity_date": "2022-08-30T23:50:31.183",
"last_edit_date": "2022-08-30T23:50:31.183",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73526",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73526
|
73527
|
73527
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Been a while since I've dabbled in Japanese so I'm a little rusty, maybe\nsomebody can help me out here with my question.\n\nQuote in question:\n\n> でもね。結局のところ、自分は自分、人は人。私の人格もよく知らずにガンガン言う人は、 **ろくなもんじゃないと思って**\n> 。「はい」とは言いながらも、気にしない。私は私よ、勝手に言ってれば？って。[Source](https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASK2R4R7NK2RUTIL02J.html)\n\nThe way I interpret this quote is as follows:\n\n> But, you know. In the end, I am myself and you are you ( _alternatively:\n> everybody is their own person_ ). I think those people who say things about\n> me without actually knowing me aren't good people. Even if I say \"yes\", I\n> really don't care. I am myself, you just keep saying whatever you want.\n\nWhat I'm unsure about here is the bolded part; does 「ろくなもんじゃない」 refer to the\npeople Tetsuko actively chooses to condemn here and is 「と思って」 an action done\nby her as well? Why does she end the sentence with 「思って」 and not 「思う」 anyway?\nIs it a casual speech thing? Also if anybody has a nice translation for 「ガンガン」\nhere as well, it'd be much appreciated.\n\nThanks a lot in advance for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-17T17:23:45.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73529",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-18T12:24:03.113",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35224",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "私の人格もよく知らずにガンガン言う人は、ろくなもんじゃないと思って。",
"view_count": 134
}
|
[
{
"body": ">\n> でもね。結局{けっきょく}のところ、自分{じぶん}は自分、人は人。私{わたし}の人格{じんかく}もよく知{し}らずにガンガン言う人は、ろくなもんじゃないと思って。「はい」とは言いながらも、気{き}にしない。私は私よ、勝手{かって}に言ってれば？って。\n\nFirst of all, this is a transcription of spoken language; therefore, it will\ncontain all kinds of contractions, colloquial usages, etc.\n\nYour translation looks fairly good.\n\n> Does 「ろくなもんじゃない」 refer to the people Tetsuko actively chooses to condemn\n> here?\n\nYes, precisely. She is discarding them rather flatly here. The phrase does\nhave that strong nuance.\n\n> is 「と思って」 an action done by her as well? Why does she end the sentence with\n> 「思って」 and not 「思う」 anyway? Is it a casual speech thing?\n\n「思って」 is Tetsuko's own action as 「ろくなもんじゃない」 is her own opinion of the men who\nshe is discarding here.\n\nIn informal speech, it is quite common to end sentences with the te-form of a\nverb. It helps soften the speaker's tone of voice, so to speak (compared to\nthe \"full\" verb forms such as 「思う」、「思った」、「思っている」, etc.).\n\nShe could have even ended that sentence with 「ろくなもんじゃない **って** 」 without using\nthe verb 「思う」 at all. In fact, she uses that って-ending in the last sentence.\n\n> Also if anybody has a nice translation for 「ガンガン」 here\n\n\"Endlessly\", \"extensively\". \"profusely\", etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-18T01:46:39.727",
"id": "73534",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-18T12:24:03.113",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-18T12:24:03.113",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73529",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73529
| null |
73534
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73535",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm in the middle of doing a translation project for a website that has UI\nelements for filling out forms. The pre-programmed UI has 「ファーストネーム」, but I\nwould think 「名」or「名前」 would make more sense. Which variant sounds more natural\nin this case?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-17T20:07:15.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73530",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-18T03:01:22.070",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-17T20:27:54.990",
"last_editor_user_id": "36327",
"owner_user_id": "36327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "ファーストネーム vs. 名/名前 for first name?",
"view_count": 119
}
|
[
{
"body": "In web forms, you can use single-kanji **姓【せい】** (\"last/family name\") and **名\n【めい】** (\"first/given name\"). We normally say 名字 and (下の)名前 (\"(given) name\",\nliterally \"bottom name\") in most situations, but these are too colloquial in\nweb forms.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-18T03:01:22.070",
"id": "73535",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-18T03:01:22.070",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73530",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73530
|
73535
|
73535
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73557",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can't fathom why the verb kiru is in the masu form without the masu attached\nin this sentence:\n\n> おじいさん が 山{やま} へ 木{き} を きり に いけば\n\nWhat is the purpose?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-18T00:43:50.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73532",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-19T13:01:10.000",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-18T07:06:41.813",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36330",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"renyōkei",
"verbs-of-motion"
],
"title": "Why is kiru represented as kiri in おじいさん が 山 へ 木 を きり に いけば",
"view_count": 189
}
|
[
{
"body": "You may make sense of this grammar pattern if you know [the masu-stem of a\nverb can act as a noun](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32311/5010). As\nyou probably know, に is a particle that usually takes a **noun** representing\na destination, a goal, a resulting status, etc. It roughly corresponds to the\nEnglish prepositions _to_ , _for_ or _into_.\n\nSo you can use ～に行く with simple nouns and suru-verbs:\n\n * 買い物に行く to go for shopping\n * 面接に来る to come to take a job interview\n\nLikewise, when you use ～に行く with a verb representing a purpose, a form that\nhas a noun-like quality is expected, and this is where the masu-stem comes\ninto play:\n\n * 映画を見に行く\n * 遊びに出かける\n\nThat being said, I think this `masu-stem + motion verb` construction should be\nlearned by rote. So-called \"masu-stem\" has various usages, and it may not be\nalways possible to explain it logically. After all, \"masu-stem\" (or 連用形) was\nnamed after its most important function, but its usage is not limited to what\nthe name suggests. See [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/65953/5010)\nfor details.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-19T13:01:10.000",
"id": "73557",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-19T13:01:10.000",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73532",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73532
|
73557
|
73557
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73549",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Phrases like 5[時]{じ}に[帰]{かえ}ります or 3[時]{じ}に[行]{い}きます or 8[時]{じ}に[来]{き}ます are\nthe very basics one can find in a beginner's book. And despite that, I have\nyet to see an explanation what exactly they mean. Let's say, that going home\ntakes 1 hour and someone says: 5[時]{じ}に[帰]{かえ}ります。 Does that mean he arrives\nhome at 5 (and departs at 4)? Or maybe he departs at 5 (and arrives at 6)? Or\nmaybe you can say both just by swapping particle に for something else?\n\nDoes it work the same way with other movement verbs?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-18T05:05:08.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73538",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-19T02:21:01.560",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-18T06:59:23.743",
"last_editor_user_id": "36332",
"owner_user_id": "36332",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"time"
],
"title": "行く 帰る 来る + time expression - how it works",
"view_count": 141
}
|
[
{
"body": "For 行く and 来る, they operate pretty much like their English counterparts.\n\n'John is coming here at 5:00 (５時に来る）.' 5:00 indicates his arrival time. \n'John is going at 5:00（５時に行く）.' 5:00 indicates his departure time.\n\nWith 帰る, however, it could indicate the time at which John left or the time he\narrived home. \n**_Situation A (said by a work colleague):_** 「ジョンさん、昨日は何時に帰ったんですか？」 'Hey\nJohn, what time did you leave (to go home) yesterday?'. \n**_Situation B (said by a roommate/parent,etc.):_** 「あっ、ジョン君だ。いつ帰ったの？」'Ah,\nit's you John. When'd _you_ get home?'.\n\nSo, there is a bit of a necessity to read the context behind the question or\nstatement when it comes to 帰る. If you want to be more specific you can always\nuse clarifying words like 出発 and 到着 (or 出る and 着く) to specify the\ndeparture/arrival time(s).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-12-19T02:21:01.560",
"id": "73549",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-19T02:21:01.560",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "73538",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73538
|
73549
|
73549
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.