question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
| accepted_answer_id
stringlengths 2
6
⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
6
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that \"盗み聞き\" would be \"Eavesdrop\" or \"Eavesdropping,\" but I wasn't sure\nif the addition of \"とは\" modified the word in some way or if it perhaps just\nindicated something about the wording.\n\nEdit: For context, the exact line of text is \"盗み聞きとは・・・。太陽の使者ともあろうものが行儀が悪いな？\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-07T17:10:36.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73788",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-08T07:52:04.107",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-08T07:52:04.107",
"last_editor_user_id": "36521",
"owner_user_id": "36521",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Is there a diffrence between saying \"盗み聞き\" and \"盗み聞きとは?\"",
"view_count": 122
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this instance, it's a shortening of something like 盗み聞きとは卑怯な, 盗み聞きとは倫理に悖る,\n盗み聞きとは油断も隙もない. What exactly is shortened must be guessed from the context.\n\nIt can be used in a very versatile way, e.g. 人助けとは...(殊勝だ), 泣くとは...(情けない),\n火事とは...(驚いた).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-07T22:25:40.810",
"id": "73793",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-07T22:25:40.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "73788",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73788
| null |
73793
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73791",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'd like to know the possible meanings for \"気を巡らせる\" . The term is from a Drama\nCD I'm currently listening, its a fantasy story with magic and the sort.\n\nThe context is a fight, the main character use balls as projectiles that hits\nhis opponent nicknamed \"Steel Whirlwind\", but he withstands it and counter\nattacks.\n\nI'll try to transcript the scene after that:\n\n> -「吾輩の固体を縛るのではなく、砕こうと言う腹であったようだ。惜しいか。傷ついた貴様の攻撃では、吾輩の筋肉を貫通をすることは叶わなかったようだな。」\n>\n> -「ええ, ですから…最初から貫通を狙ってはいませんでした。」\n>\n> -「何？？」\n>\n> -「私の気を巡らせたボール, それは… 」\n>\n> (Sound of balls appearing in the air)\n>\n> -「…吾輩が囲まれている。打ったのではなく、最初から吾輩の周囲に巻いていたというのか？」\n>\n> -「その通り。鋼の旋風, あなたの歩みを止めるのが目的! 」\n\nI know \"巡らせる\" combined with \"思い\" means \"to ponder\", but I don't know what it\nmeans combined with \"気\". Also, I've found that \"気をめぐらす\" is used a lot in\narticles about oriental health practices, which confuse me more.\n\nFor example: \"気をめぐらせて心身デトックス！初心者でも超カンタン気功体操！\"\n\nI appreciate any help.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-07T18:38:08.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73789",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-07T20:49:21.507",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "34785",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Possible meanings for \"気を巡らせる\"",
"view_count": 101
}
|
[
{
"body": "気を巡らす（せる） almost solely stands for \"to circulate / surround with qi\". Yes,\nthat [qi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi). Although there are idioms with\nsimilar word forms such as 思い巡らす, 考えを巡らす, 気を回す etc., I have never seen that\nthis specific phrase is used in such meaning.\n\nWhat the phrase actually refers to is completely up to what \"qi\" is defined to\nbe in each context, but I can say with confidence that it is not any figure of\nspeech for a certain everyday mental activity.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-07T20:49:21.507",
"id": "73791",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-07T20:49:21.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "73789",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73789
|
73791
|
73791
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found on NHK easy Japanese a puzzling\n[sentence](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10012236831000/k10012236831000.html):\n\nアメリカのトランプ大統領は、戦争をするために殺したのではないと言っています。\n\nMy problem is with 戦争をするために殺したのではない\n\nMy first attempt at translation would use mentally parenthesis as shown in the\nfollowing: (戦争をするために殺したの)ではない\n\nMy translation would be then \"we killed him but not to do war\".\n\nAt least I believe that 戦争をするために殺したの means: \"a kill in order to make war\" and\nではない would negate the meaning.\n\nBut then again what would be the Japanese translation if Trump had meant that\nthe general was making war and was killed because he was making/preparing war?\nThanks a lot for any help!",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-07T22:56:26.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73794",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-07T23:50:55.550",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18895",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Action of ではない on sentence part",
"view_count": 101
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your initial translation seems correct. Without seeing the full article, my\nguess would be that '殺した'refers to the killing of General Suleimani. 'の' would\nindicate that an explanation or reason is being alluded to in the preceding\ntext. An inelegant but more literal translation would be \"it wasn't for the\npurpose of making war (we) killed him\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-07T23:50:55.550",
"id": "73795",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-07T23:50:55.550",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36525",
"parent_id": "73794",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
73794
| null |
73795
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73815",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've noticed that some nouns can be described with すべき, as in\n\n> 彼女{かのじょ}はもっと注意{ちゅうい}すべきだった。 (She _should_ have been more careful.)\n\nI understand it as\n\n> 彼女{かのじょ}はもっと注意{ちゅうい}するだった。 (She has been more careful.)\n\nbeing a complete sentence on its own, and the \"shouldness\" acting as a\nmodifier.\n\nHowever, if I wanted to say \"Her explanation should be precise\", modified\nfrom,\n\n> 彼女の説明は具体的。(\"Her explanation is precise\")\n\nI'm not too certain how to insert the する into the sentence, so that すべき can\nact as a modifier in this particular case.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-08T03:11:24.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73797",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T04:14:58.107",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27005",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Describing an adjective with \"should\"",
"view_count": 227
}
|
[
{
"body": "注意するだった is ungrammatical.\n\nI think you could think of it this way:\n\n> 注意する -- is careful / pay attention \n> 注意した -- was careful / paid attention \n> 注意す(る)べきだ -- should be careful / should pay attention \n> 注意す(る)べきだった -- should have been careful / should have paid attention\n\n* * *\n\nThe _full_ sentence would be:\n\n> 彼女の説明は具体的 **だ** 。\n\nTo say \"Her explanation _should be_ concrete\":\n\n> 彼女の説明は具体的 **であるべきだ** 。\n\nべき follows a verb (eg 食べるべき, 言うべき, やるべき, す(る)べき) and can't directly follow だ. \nTo use it with an i-adjective 美しい, you say 美し **くあるべき** ; with a na-adjective\nきれいだ, きれい **であるべき**.\n\n* * *\n\nTo rewrite your example using **す** べき without changing the meaning, I'd\nsay...\n\n> 「彼女は具体的に説明す(る)べきだ。」← using the する-verb 「説明する」\"explain\" \n> _lit._ \"She should explain concretely.\" \n> (or maaybe 「彼女の説明を具体的にす(る)べきだ。」← 「～を…にする」= \"make ~ …\" \n> \"(She/Someone/You?) should make her explanation concrete.\")",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-09T03:37:25.667",
"id": "73815",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T04:14:58.107",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-24T04:14:58.107",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "73797",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
73797
|
73815
|
73815
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73799",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can't find this word in a dictionary.\n\nIt appears on a bag of rice I bought. The sentence is:\n\nカピカ仕上げで、丁寧に磨いたきれいなお米です。\n\nIs it a contraction of カピカピ, describing how the rice is dried out?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-08T05:01:33.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73798",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-08T05:03:33.667",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"definitions",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What does カピカ mean?",
"view_count": 136
}
|
[
{
"body": "This describes a specific method of polishing rice.\n\nFrom [California's New Gold Rush - The New York\nTimes](https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/08/dining/california-s-new-gold-\nrush.html)\n\n> In one method, called kapika, polished rice is fine-sanded to produce a more\n> lustrous finish",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-08T05:03:33.667",
"id": "73799",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-08T05:03:33.667",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36515",
"parent_id": "73798",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73798
|
73799
|
73799
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73804",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Most Kanji have multiple readings. For example 人 has got the readings:\n\n * ひと\n * ジン\n * ニン\n\nDoes the meaning change when the Kanji is read differently. I don't think that\nthe meaning of this Kanji changes based on its reading but are there some\nKanji that do?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-08T09:56:16.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73802",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-08T14:20:22.307",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36350",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "Does the meaning of the Kanji change based on its reading",
"view_count": 1031
}
|
[
{
"body": "The answer is a bit more complex than a simple yes or no. The reality is that\nmeaning can change with the reading, it stay the same even though reading\nchanges, or one reading can have multiple meanings based on context.\n\n* * *\n\n**Case 1:** Meaning changes with reading\n\nPlease note that this is not an exhaustive list, neither should it be treated\nas such.\n\n> 行｛い｝く -- to go \n> 行｛おこな｝う -- to do/perform \n>\n>\n> 本｛ほん｝-- book \n> 本｛もと｝ -- origin (note however, that this is usually written as 元)\n\n* * *\n\n**Case 2:** Meaning does not change with readings\n\nAs you have noted, 人 is one of these characters. Here's a few more examples.\n\n> 日｛にち｝-- day \n> 日々｛ひび｝ -- daily\n>\n> 本歌｛ほんか｝ -- [original verse poem](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%9C%AC%E6%AD%8C) \n> 本{もと}を正｛ただ｝す -- [to go to the bottom of an affair; to inquire into the\n> origin](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%9C%AC%E3%82%92%E6%AD%A3%E3%81%99)\n\n* * *\n\n**Case 3:** One reading has multiple meanings\n\nYou may have noticed from my previous examples that 本 is one of these\ncharacters.\n\n> 本人｛ほんにん｝ -- The person themselves; said person; the person in question \n> 本棚｛ほんだな｝ -- Bookshelf \n> 本｛ほん｝-- counter for cylindrical shaped items, note that it is sometimes\n> read as ぽん or ぼん depending on the number.\n>\n> 行動｛こうどう｝ -- action; conduct; behavior \n> 行程｛こうてい｝-- [journey; course; distance; march; flight;\n> drive](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%A1%8C%E7%A8%8B) (this word is somewhat\n> uncommon)\n\n* * *\n\nFor your reference, I will include links to the kanji listings in the\ndictionary for your further study (click the kanji for the link):\n\n[**行**](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%A1%8C%E3%80%80%E3%81%93%E3%81%86)\n[**本**](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%9C%AC%20%23kanji)\n[**日**](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%97%A5%20%23kanji)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-08T14:20:22.307",
"id": "73804",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-08T14:20:22.307",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "73802",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73802
|
73804
|
73804
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73806",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In a text such as `「『捨てる 』技術」` how much space is expected between the first\ntwo characters in typography, if any?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-08T13:13:48.663",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73803",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-09T15:32:49.173",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-09T15:32:49.173",
"last_editor_user_id": "36529",
"owner_user_id": "36529",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"orthography",
"quotes",
"typesetting"
],
"title": "How much space is considered standard between consecutive \"「\" and \"『\"s?",
"view_count": 718
}
|
[
{
"body": "Typically in Japanese, you don't really encounter spaces, unless you are\nparsing for someone who is struggling to read. The only exception is romaji,\nwhich is typically only used by foreign Japanese learners.\n\nThe 「」 and 『』 characters, along with a few others like square brackets, round\nbrackets and parenthesis, have a space built into the character. This is\nbecause the actual character is half-width, meaning it doesn't take a full\nsquare like other Japanese characters. Because of this, when typing in full-\nwidth modes, you'll notice that the characters have a built in space wither\nbefore or after the character in question. The same also applies to the\nsentence final '。' character, as you can see by the single quote positioning.\n\nSo to the best of my knowledge the answer is that you usually won't use\nspaces, as they are typically built into the system. There may be stylistic\nreasons to add spaces, but it isn't required by the language.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-08T14:39:05.140",
"id": "73805",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-08T15:06:11.110",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-08T15:06:11.110",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "73803",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "When there is no additional constraints imposed by\n[kinsoku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_breaking_rules_in_East_Asian_languages#Line_breaking_rules_in_Japanese_text_\\(Kinsoku_Shori\\))\nor full-justification, this is how `「『捨てる』技術」` is typically typeset (produced\nby Adobe InDesign 2020, font: 小塚明朝 Pr6N, all characters are zenkaku):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NV1Cm.png)\n\nThat is, brackets are rendered like zenkaku or hankaku depending on the\nsurrounding characters/symbols. In other words, the built-in space is usually\n50% but it sometimes becomes 0% (or somewhere between 0% and 50% when kinsoku\nis relevant).\n\nNote that this is for main body text. In posters, book covers and such, you\nmay want even narrower spaces, especially between `』` and `技`. Also note that\ndetailed rules vary from publisher to publisher. The InDesign's settings\ndialog looks like [this](http://www.bookhouse.jp/default/spacing02.html).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-08T15:48:45.837",
"id": "73806",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-09T04:17:13.947",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-09T04:17:13.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73803",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
73803
|
73806
|
73806
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "This sentence is from a light novel. Right after the character has defeated a\ndullahan, one of the characters starts praying and says this:\n\n> 「祈りを、捧げている。\n> デュラハンは不条理な処刑で首を落とされた騎士が、恨みでアンデッド化するモンスターだ。こいつとて、モンスターになりたくてなった訳ではないだろう。自分で斬りつけておいて\n> **何だ** が、祈りぐらいはな....」\n\nI don't think I've come across 「何だ」in this 'mid-sentence-like' manner yet, but\njudging from the definitions here:\n<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E4%BD%95%E3%81%A0/#jn-165822>, this 「何だ」\ncan just be used to express doubt or some kind of uncertainty of the speaker.\n\nAll in all, it still looks a bit weird to me, so I want to ask what really\nstands behind this here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-08T19:05:03.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73808",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-09T02:41:39.037",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-08T23:02:51.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "35673",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「何だ」in this sentence",
"view_count": 162
}
|
[] |
73808
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73813",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 小さかった頃、ハリーは誰か見知らぬ親戚が自分を **迎えにやってくる** ことを何度も何度も夢見た。 \n> When he was little Harry dreamed over and over of unknown relatives\n> _greeting him_.\n\nObviously the 'greeting him' part is wrong. I'm not sure I fully understand\n迎えにやってくる.\n\nI'm assuming this is the\n\n> masu-stem + に + motion verb\n\nconstruct, where やってくる is treated as a motion verb. I usually translate やってくる\nas 'turn up/show up'. So 親戚が自分を迎えにやってくること would be \"relatives showing up to\ngreet/meet/welcome him\".\n\nPerhaps my real problem is with understanding how to translate 迎える. The\nEnglish original for this sentence is \"relations coming to take him away\". But\nI'm struggling to see how to relate 迎える with 'take away'.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-08T22:59:52.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73809",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-09T02:16:04.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 迎えにやってくる",
"view_count": 150
}
|
[
{
"body": "Seems it would help you greatly if you could get your mind off the definition\n\"greeting\" for a moment because it will not apply here.\n\n「迎{むか}えに（やって）くる」 can only mean one thing, which is \" **to come pick one up**\n(to take one somewhere)\".\n\nOnly when it is in the form 「[Person] +を + 迎える」, 「迎える」 can mean \"to\ngreet/meet/welcome [Person]\".\n\n「迎えにいく」 and 「迎えにくる」 should be remembered as set phrases (and those are used\n**_very_** frequently).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-09T02:16:04.193",
"id": "73813",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-09T02:16:04.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73809",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73809
|
73813
|
73813
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was just introduced a new grammar point, the も~も construction as shown on\n<https://core6000.neocities.org/dojg/>. I understand the main function of も\nand how it is the inclusionary particle and I can follow along with most of\nthe examples for the grammar point that the site provides, but I can't make\nout how sentences with ば (I've only known the form to be the conditional.\nHaven't done grammar lookups in j-j dictionaries) are working.\n\nOne of the samples sentences provided is\n\n```\n\n 彼は親戚でもなければ友達でもない。\n \n```\n\nand the english interpretation is \"He is neither a relative nor a friend.\" My\nquestion is how does なければ, what I would think would be the ば conditional of\nない, work here? Literal English translations aren't doing me much good here if\nI try and translate this taking ば as the conditional. Can someone help me\nunderstand how this is working?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-09T00:11:07.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73810",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-09T02:37:15.840",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"conditionals",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Can ば conditional form be interpreted as a conjunction?",
"view_count": 108
}
|
[
{
"body": "Perhaps a better translation might be \"Whilst he is not a relative, neither is\nhe a friend.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-09T01:44:13.877",
"id": "73811",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-09T01:44:13.877",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10072",
"parent_id": "73810",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
73810
| null |
73811
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I have seen some interjections and phrases with words such as [えっ] or [あっ]. My\nquestion is how you would pronounce this, or if it's just a pause.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-09T02:06:38.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73812",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-09T02:06:38.623",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36534",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "How to say っ by itself",
"view_count": 79
}
|
[] |
73812
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73817",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm having a little problem with some dialogue between two characters and I'm\nnot sure about something. These are the lines in the dialogue:\n\n> Character A: あの時の事は謝る。。。説明もするし。。。\n>\n> Character B: 別に謝れとは言ってない。\n\nMy first interpretation of B's line is \"I didn't say (to you) to apologize.\",\nbut I'm not sure, so I could use the help. Thank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-09T05:33:16.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73816",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-09T11:24:54.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "謝れとは言ってない quoting someone's words or my own?",
"view_count": 146
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Character A: あの時{とき}の事{こと}は謝{あやま}る。。。説明{せつめい}もするし。。。\n>\n> Character B: 別{べつ}に謝れとは言{い}ってない。\n\nYour initial interpretation was correct.\n\n別に謝れとは言ってない。\n\n≒ 別に「謝れ」とは言ってない。\n\n≒ オレは別に「謝れ」とは言ってない。\n\n≒ オレは別にお前に「謝れ」とは言ってない。\n\nB has not and is not soon going to ask A to apologize. The grammatical subject\nof the verb phrase 「言ってない」 is the unmentioned first-person (= B).\n\nUnless the larger context proves otherwise (which I highly doubt it will), no\nother explanation would be possible or very natural.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-09T07:36:38.447",
"id": "73817",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-09T11:24:54.660",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73816",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73816
|
73817
|
73817
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73825",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm watching an anime (\"The Irregular at Magic High School\"), and in one scene\n(Season 1, Episode 23, 0:45), the kanji 福 (\"good fortune\":\n<https://jisho.org/search/%E7%A6%8F%20%23kanji> Colors are yellow-on-red.)\nappears on a wall-hanging in the background, but it's upside-down. Given the\nrest of the scene, it seems unlikely this is an accident by either the\nanimators or the characters. (See the inset in\n<https://youtu.be/J-lNJxDs5MQ?t=1138> )\n\nIs there a meaning associated with such a display? Mourning might fit the\nother things going on in the series, and might fit the meaning of this\nparticular kanji (as \"inverted good fortune\"), but I haven't found references\nfor such.\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-09T18:35:57.797",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73818",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-10T08:20:12.517",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-09T19:16:32.880",
"last_editor_user_id": "32404",
"owner_user_id": "32404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"culture"
],
"title": "Is there a meaning associated with upside-down kanji?",
"view_count": 982
}
|
[
{
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jA7er.png)\n\nThis is a common Chinese cultural symbol seen in Chinese-related residences.\nThe Chinese-language expression「福到來」or「到福」means _arrival_ 「到」 _of fortune_\n「福」, and when hung in a house, it represents the _arrival of fortune at this\nhouse_.\n\n「到{とう}」is homophonous with「倒{とう}」( _overturn_ , 転倒{てんとう}); the\noverturned/upside-down nature of the symbol is a pun on「到」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-10T05:44:33.240",
"id": "73825",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-10T08:20:12.517",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-10T08:20:12.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "73818",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73818
|
73825
|
73825
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73823",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have reached the topic mentioned in the title and found myself struggling to\nunderstand it.\n\nFirst off, my textbook explained it pretty much poorly (but I guess that's\nenough to understand it at least superficially). It just gave me a simple\n**AはBにCさせてもらった。** pattern that is pretty much understandable.\n\n> 学生は先生に漢字でなくてひらがなでその言葉を書かせてもらいました。\n\nWhat I'm struggling with is when the almighty Japanese grammar starts working\nat its full power known to me. What I mean by that is that when different\nverbs start 'sticking' to each other forming additional/different meanings.\nThe most difficult topic-related thing for me to understand is this:\n\n> 本を買わせてもらおうと思っている。\n\nI had read a [related\ntopic](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/19730/interpreting-%E3%81%95%E3%81%9B%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A0%E3%81%8D%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99#)\nand it kind of helped me a bit to understand it but then again, I can't seem\nto understand it _very_ well. What I can't understand is how grammar in this\nsentence works and what is the actual direction of action. (I'd like to\nexplain it a bit more detailed but I'm a bit dumb and find it difficult.)\n\nPlease, let me pin a picture of an exercise which contains Japanese sentences\nand put here my translations. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4IFb9.png)\n\n* * *\n\nWarning, English is not my 1st language and I might've mistranslated them a\nbit but I guess it will be understandable where correct-ish translations are\n(if they are there.)\n\n* * *\n\n 1. Buy a book, please. (For me).\n 2. Let me buy a book, please (for you).\n 3. Could you buy a book for me?\n 4. Could you allow me to buy a book for you?\n 5. Could you buy a book for me? （more politely)\n 6. Can I have a permission to buy a book for you?\n 7. Can I buy a book? (for you/me)\n 8. I want to have a book bought for me.\n 9. I want to buy a book.\n 10. I want you to allow me to buy this book (for you)\n\nPlease, let me know which are the correct ones and give me some explanations\n_using these very examples_ if it doesn't trouble you, of course (even if\nthey're all correct by chance).\n\n**Many thanks in advance.**",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-09T21:44:18.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73819",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-11T00:06:27.003",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-09T22:03:20.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "32464",
"owner_user_id": "32464",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"causation",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Receiving allowance / allowing others to do something using させて+もらう／くれる constructions",
"view_count": 227
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, to avoid any confusion, let's make a clear distinction between \"who\nwill read the book (who the _book_ is for)\" and \"who will be pleased by the\naction (who the _action_ is for)\". The donatory subsidiary verbs like (-て)もらう\nare related to the latter.\n\n> (私は)夫に娘への本を買ってもらった。 \n> I had my husband buy a book for my daughter (for the sake of me).\n\nHere, the _book_ is for the 娘 (maybe this is a children's picture book) but\nthe _action_ is for 私 (maybe she was busy and wanted her husband to buy a\nbirthday present). 買う might not be a good example verb because \"to buy a book\nfor me\" is ambiguous...\n\n* * *\n\nI know some of the following English translations are not very natural, but it\nreflects the structure of each original Japanese sentence. In all of the\nexamples below, the reader of the book is not specified (i.e., the _book_\nitself can be for anyone).\n\n * 1. 本を買ってください。 \nPlease buy the book. \n(The book is for anyone including \"you\", \"me\" or \"him\", the action of buying\nis for \"me\".)\n\n * 2. 本を買わせてください。 \nPlease let me buy the book. \n(The book is for anyone, the action of \"letting to buy\" is for \"me\")\n\n * 3(a). 本を買ってもら **い** ませんか。 \nWon't we have [him/her/etc] buy the book? \n(The book is for anyone, the action of \"buying\" is for **\"us\"** )\n\n * 3(b). 本を買ってもら **え** ませんか。 \nCan you buy the book (for the sake of me?) \n(The book is for anyone, the action of \"buying\" is for \"me\")\n\n * 4. 本を買わせていただけませんか。 \nWould you please allow me to buy the book? \n(The politer version of 2; the action of \"allowing to buy\" is for \"me\")\n\n * 5. 本を買っていただけませんか。 \nWould you please buy the book? \n(The book is for anyone, the action of \"buying\" is for \"me\")\n\n * 6. 本を買わせてもらってもいいですか。 \nIs it okay if you let me buy the book? \n(A less common variant of 2)\n\n * 7. 本を買ってもいいですか。 \nIs it okay if I bought the book? \n(More indirect and thus politer than 2, but less polite than 6)\n\n * 8. 本を買ってもらおうと思っている。 \nI'm thinking of having [him/you/etc] buy the book. \n(The book is for anyone, the action of \"buying\" is for \"me\")\n\n * 9. 本を買おうと思っている。 \nI'm thinking of buying the book.\n\n * 10. 本を買わせてもらおうと思っている。 \nI'm thinking of having [you/him/her/etc] allow me to buy the book. \n(The book is for anyone, the action of \"letting me buy\" is for \"me\".\n本を買わせていただこうと思っています is politer)\n\nAs for the last sentence, \"I\" want to buy the book, and the book itself for\nanyone (including \"I\", \"my child\" or even \"you\"). 買わせる (\"to allow to buy\", \"to\nmake/let buy\") is what \"I\" want someone to do.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-10T04:24:11.420",
"id": "73823",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-11T00:06:27.003",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-11T00:06:27.003",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73819",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73819
|
73823
|
73823
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73824",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was practicing writing sentences and tried to write the following in\nJapanese:\n\n> I heard he escaped from the island.\n\nI originally came up with\n\n> 彼が島から逃げるのを聞いたそうです。\n\nBut then I was corrected by 2 different native speakers. Their changes are in\nbold.\n\nPerson A:\n\n> 彼が島から **逃げるのを聞きました** 。\n\nPerson B:\n\n> 彼が島から **逃げたと聞きました** 。\n\nWhen I read Person A's correction I read it as\n\n> I literally heard (as in noises) him escape from the island.\n\nI think Person B's correction is more in line with what I meant and I read it\nas\n\n> I heard (from someone else) he escaped from the island.\n\nAssuming I'm right about the above, I don't understand why と was used instead\nof を in the 聞きました part.\n\nNow I'm wondering\n\n 1. Why was this done or when should I use と over を with 聞く? \n 2. When nominalizing, do verbs have to stay in their \"pure\" dictionary form or can I change the tense? Could I write the following or is this grammatically incorrect? Does it mean the same thing as Person B's correction?\n\n> 彼が島から **逃げたのを** 聞きました。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-10T03:35:00.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73820",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-10T06:55:41.270",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-と",
"particle-を",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Questions about a correction, nominalizing, and particles",
"view_count": 93
}
|
[
{
"body": "You already seem to vaguely understand the difference, but to summarize:\n\n * `noun + ～を聞く` = `I hear [noun]`: You hear a sound/music/story/etc. 窓が割れるのを聞いた means your heard the cracking noise.\n * `clause + ～と聞く` = `I hear that [clause]`: You hear some fact (via conversations/news/etc). 窓が割れたと聞いた means you heard the news from someone but did not hear the noise itself.\n\nIn your case, what you needed was the latter; you heard the news, not the\nnoise.\n\n> 彼が島から逃げたのを聞きました。\n\nTherefore, this never means the same thing as B's correction simply because of\nを. In addition, Japanese subordinate clauses are [based on relative\ntense](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25376/5010), so this usage of 逃げた\nis not natural, either (although understandable). If you did hear his\n\"escaping noise\" directly, the sentence by A is correct because (私が)聞く and\n(彼が)逃げる happened at the same time in the past.\n\nThat said, in general, it's perfectly fine to nominalize a ta-form. For\nexample you can say それを見たのを覚えています \"I remember I saw it\")",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-10T05:15:47.357",
"id": "73824",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-10T06:55:41.270",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-10T06:55:41.270",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73820",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
73820
|
73824
|
73824
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73822",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "アナと雪の女王2の「Into the Unknown・心のままに」の歌詞を翻訳していますが、次の文型が分かりません。分からない部分は この の間に...\n\n1) 聞こえてる、でも無駄よ。目を覚ませ、起きろと\n\n2) 未知の旅へ踏み出せと\n\n「起きる」と「踏み出す」の意味は分かりますが、この「起きろ+と / 踏み出せ+と」という文型のニュアンスが理解できません。\n\n皆さん、教えてください。 よろしくおねがいします。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-10T03:40:35.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73821",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-10T10:52:31.133",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-10T04:30:52.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "36542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "「命令形 + と助詞」どんな意味？",
"view_count": 114
}
|
[
{
"body": "どちらも「引用{いんよう}の『と』」 (\"quotative と\") になります。\n\n実際{じっさい}の歌詞{かし}を見てみましょう。\n\n> １）聞{き}こえてる でも無駄{むだ}よ\n>\n> 目を覚{さ}ませ 起{お}きろ **と**\n>\n> どこかで呼{よ}ぶ 謎{なぞ}めいた声{こえ}\n\nこの部分{ぶぶん}は、一般的{いっぱんてき}な散文{さんぶん}では次{つぎ}のようになります。\n\n> 聞こえてる、でも無駄よ。\n>\n> 「目を覚ませ！」、「起きろ！」 **と**\n>\n> 謎めいた声がどこかで呼んでいる。\n\n「～～ **と** 呼んでいる」という文型{ぶんけい}です。主語{しゅご}は「謎めいた声」です。\n\n要{よう}するに、どこかで誰かが「目を覚ませ！」、「起きろ！」 **と** 言っているという意味{いみ}になります。まさに引用そのものです。\n\n> ２）それでも あの声は 求{もと}めている\n>\n> 未知{みち}の旅{たび}へ 踏{ふ}み出{だ}せ **と**\n\nこれを散文に直{なお}すと以下{いか}のようになります。\n\n> それでもあの声は、「未知の旅へ踏み出せ！」 **と** 求めている。\n\n「～～ **と** 求めている」という文型です。主語は「あの声」です。\n\nその声が話者{わしゃ}に対{たい}して「未知の旅へ踏み出せ！」と要求{ようきゅう}しているのです。こちらも日本語では引用とみなされます。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-10T04:20:21.313",
"id": "73822",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-10T10:52:31.133",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73821",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73821
|
73822
|
73822
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73827",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am playing the eroge Tsui no Sora and have come across a passage containing\nthis word:\n\n> 当たり前だがノストラダムスの大予言なんて出来の悪い妄想だ。\n>\n> まともに考えれば小学生にすらわかる事。\n>\n> だがそんな事は重要じゃない。\n>\n> [Nostradamus' prophecy is an amateur delusion; even an elementary schooler\n> could work it out if they gave it some serious thought; but that isn't\n> important]\n>\n> 重要な事は、それを信じる人間にとってそれが **本当たりえる** 事だ。\n>\n> \"What is important, is that for the people who believe it, it is true\"\n\nThis is what I believe it should translate to, but even searching 本当たり gets no\nresults on Google. My vague guess it is combination of 本 + 当たる + える but other\nthan 当たる and 本当 meaning something along the lines of 'it fits' or 'truth', I\ncannot parse it.\n\nCould someone break this down for me please? I can provide more of the text\nbefore the passage if there is still not enough context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-10T12:20:50.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73826",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-10T17:54:56.357",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What does 本当たりえる mean",
"view_count": 229
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「重要な事は、それを信じる人間にとってそれが **本当たりえる** 事だ。」\n\nI am finding two issues with the phrase 「本当たりえる」.\n\n1) the poor, casual word choice of 「本当」 and\n\n2) the substandard reading of 「たりえる」\n\nIt would be a considerably more normal and acceptable phrase if:\n\n1) 「本当」 were replaced by a less informal 「真実」 and\n\n2) 「たり **え** る」 by 「たり **う** る」\n\nUsing kanji, it is 「足り得る」 meaning \"to be equal to\", \"to be comparable to\", \"to\nbe just as good as\".\n\nThus, my own phrase choice would be 「真実たり **う** る」 or 「真実足り得{う}る」.\n\nWith these alterations, the sentence in question could more naturally mean:\n\n> \"What is important, is the fact that for the people who believe\n> (Nostradamus), it is as good as true\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-10T13:04:32.620",
"id": "73827",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-10T13:04:32.620",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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73827
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"body": "In watching [this YouTube video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzgNCbJuVrE),\nthe last slide displays the following information, which provides examples of\nwords that bear 呉音｛ごおん｝、漢音｛かんおん｝、and 唐宋音｛とうそうおん｝ types of 音読み｛おんよみ｝. I was\ninterested in seeing that there are words, such as 人間、文書、殺生、天井、etc that are\nlisted with separate readings in the 呉音 and 唐宋音 column, essentially making for\ntwo separate multi-kanji words with different pronunciations written in the\nsame way.\n\nIs it the case that there are no words in Japanese that bear both a 唐宋音\nreading **and** either a 呉音 or 漢音 reading? If not, what are some examples?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CEHys.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-10T15:30:31.953",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73829",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33505",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"multiple-readings",
"onyomi"
],
"title": "Words with varied 音読み｛おんよみ｝",
"view_count": 255
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your core question seems to be this:\n\n> Is it the case that there are no words in Japanese that bear both a 唐宋音\n> reading **and** either a 呉音 or 漢音 reading? If not, what are some examples?\n\nLooking just at the four terms listed above as 唐宋音【とうそうおん】, we can find that\ntwo of these have the listed 唐宋音【とうそうおん】 readings with one meaning, and a\n呉音【ごおん】 or 漢音【かんおん】 reading with a different meaning.\n\n_(Note: my main source is Shogakukan's 国語大辞典【こくごだいじてん】. Available in a limited\nfashion online in the search hits at[Kotobank](https://kotobank.jp/).)_\n\n### 明朝\n\n * 明朝【みんちょう】: the 唐宋音【とうそうおん】for 明, the 呉音【ごおん】 and 漢音【かんおん】 for 朝. \nRefers to the Minchō font, or to the Ming Court in Chinese history.\n\n * 明朝【みょうちょう】: the 呉音【ごおん】 for 明, the 呉音【ごおん】 and 漢音【かんおん】 for 朝. \nRefers to \"tomorrow morning\".\n\n * 明朝【みょうあさ】: Bonus mixed reading. The 呉音【ごおん】 for 明, the 訓読【くんよ】み for 朝. \nAlso refers to \"tomorrow morning\".\n\n### 北京\n\n * 北京【ぺきん】: the 唐宋音【とうそうおん】 for both kanji. \nRefers to Peking / Beijing, the capital of modern China.\n\n * 北京【ほっきょう】: the 呉音【ごおん】 and 漢音【かんおん】 for 北, the 呉音【ごおん】 for 京. \nRefers to Kyoto as the \"northern capital\", in contrast to Nara which was\nfurther south and was also called 南京【なんきょう】.\n\nThere are other terms that I've encountered that have separate 呉音【ごおん】 and\n漢音【かんおん】 readings, where the 呉音【ごおん】 reading has a sense specific to Buddhism.\nOne such example:\n\n * 経説【きょうせつ】: the 呉音【ごおん】 for 経, the 漢音【かんおん】 for 説. \nRefers to the teachings of Buddha as recorded in the sutras (経【きょう】).\n\n * 経説【けいせつ】: the 漢音【かんおん】 for both kanji. \nRefers to a doctrine as explained in the writings of Confucius (経書【けいしょ】), or\na theory or doctrine about the meaning of the writings of Confucius.\n\nIn the course of looking up examples for this post, I found a rare specialist\nterm with three readings.\n\n * 経行【きょうぎょう】: the 呉音【ごおん】 for both kanji. \nRefers to a meditative walk taken within a set area by a practitioner of\n座禅【ざぜん】 to alleviate fatigue or sleepiness. Alternatively, refers to the act\nof walking within a set area while reading the sutras.\n\n * 経行【きんひん】: the 唐宋音【とうそうおん】 for both kanji. \nRefers specifically to the act of walking within a set area while reading the\nsutras. Use appears to be limited to Zen contexts.\n\n * 経行【けいこう】: the 漢音【かんおん】 for both kanji. \nRefers to the act of walking around or walking past. Alternatively, refers to\na woman's menstrual cycle. Finally, used as a less-common synonym for the\nきょうぎょう reading above.\n\n### Takeaways\n\nAs with many things in language, **context is king**. If you're looking at a\ngeneral Buddhist text, the 呉音【ごおん】 might be a more likely reading. In other\ncontexts, the 漢音【かんおん】 may be more common. Lastly, the 唐宋音【とうそうおん】 seems the\nmost limited, appearing in a few set words like 行燈【あんどん】 and in some Zen\ncontexts.\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not answer your question.",
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73829
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73837
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{
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"body": "I've been doing some JLPT5 grammar practice , and I came across the following\ndialogue fragment:\n\n> A:『勉強はどうですか』 \n> B:『そうですね。』.\n\nThe reason I'm confused is I thought 『ね』 was employed as a way to seek\nconfirmation/agreement but I can't see that at play here. I'm translating 'A's\nquestion as 'how is your study?', but even translating it as 'how about\nstudy?'(i.e. 'how about we study?'), it still doesn't entirely make sense to\nme. こんらんしています :/ I am simply a ばか外人 and would be grateful if someone could\nhelp me :)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-10T15:49:56.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73830",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-01-10T16:04:55.883",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "36546",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"jlpt",
"sentence-final-particles",
"grammar",
"particle-ね"
],
"title": "Question about ね particle",
"view_count": 148
}
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[
{
"body": "Given the limited context, there's only so much room for interpretation, but\nassuming that this is only a _fragment_ of the conversation, this can be an\nacceptable answer.\n\n[そうですね](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%AD)\nis a way to say, `that is so` or `right`, but there are also cases where it is\nused as the speaker is gathering their thoughts about the matter. While not\nexpressly stated in most translation dictionaries, the latter usage can be\nloosely translated to something like `well` or even `let me see....` Here's a\n[website](https://www.nihongomaster.com/dictionary/entry/95024/soudesune) that\nindicates both usages.\n\n[Wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%AD)\nalso includes a translation of:\n\n> hmm (used to indicate that the listener has heard and understood)\n\nSo if there is not much more context to be had in this particular question,\nwhat you are probably seeing is that person B is prefacing their answer with a\n'let me gather my thoughts for a second,' or they have no intention to answer\nthe question, just that they want to look like they are thinking about it.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-01-10T16:18:33.433",
"id": "73832",
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73832
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: <http://mangalifewin.takeshobo.co.jp/rensai/yo-jolife/yo-\njo-008/21231/>\n\nDoes \"ん\" really have a dakuten version?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/76jAp.jpg)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-10T17:24:11.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73833",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-13T14:27:09.527",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-13T14:27:09.527",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "27768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kana"
],
"title": "Why is there dakuten on the \"ん\" in this image? (ん゙)",
"view_count": 3446
}
|
[
{
"body": "**My Research:**\n\nSo my reasearch has been a little bit unusual for this one, but I found the\nfollowing from reddit's\n[r/learnjapanese](https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/70pisv/katakana_irregular_voiced_consonants_manga/dn4ygxm/):\n\n> Dakuten/handakuten on kana where they would normally not be found can imply\n> a muffled, nasal, or slurred sound.\n\nI also found some sources on this stack exchange as well. [Their\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32622/22352) was about dakuten\nbeing applied to あ.\n\nAs @naruto notes:\n\n> あ゛ used to be commonly used in manga to express an exclamation — \"aagh!\" or\n> something like that. I feel it has become less common (if not rare) these\n> days. え゛、い゛、お゛、の゛ and so on are sometimes used in a similar way. You may see\n> them in casual blogs and tweets, but never in formal documents.\n\nOn [Wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E7%82%B9), I found\nthat ん゙ can signify a guttural \"hmmm?\"\n\nFinaly, on [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakuten_and_handakuten),\nI found the following:\n\n> In informal writing, dakuten is occasionally used on vowels to indicate a\n> shocked or strangled articulation; for example, on あ゙ or ゔ. Dakuten can also\n> be occasionally used with ん (ん゙) to indicate a guttural hum, growl, or\n> similar sound.\n\n* * *\n\n**My conclusion:**\n\nI believe that you're looking at something that is informal. For the most\npart, it looks like someone is saying \"hmmm?\" in a guttural, excited, or\nmuffled matter, depending on the context.",
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"creation_date": "2020-01-10T17:55:13.647",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "73836",
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"body": "What does っといても mean after a verb, I've seen it several times. I'm guessing\nit's a slang form or a shortened form? I know that ても means \"even if\"\n(roughly), and I've seen って a lot so wasn't sure if it's some slang form of\nthat?\n\nSentence:\n\n> 冬なら生の塩漬け肉を外にほっぽっといても\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-01-10T17:24:46.430",
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"owner_user_id": "9275",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"sentence"
],
"title": "っといても after a verb",
"view_count": 579
}
|
[
{
"body": "Here's the breakdown:\n\n * [ほっぽる](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%94%BE%E3%81%A3%E3%81%BD%E3%82%8B): a colloquial godan verb that in this context means \"to leave (alone)\"\n * ほっぽって: the te-form of ほっぽる\n * ほっぽっておく: the te-form followed by the subsidiary verb おく, which means \"to do something for the time being\" here. See [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5216/5010) or [this article](http://maggiesensei.com/2017/04/06/new-how-to-use-v%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8A%E3%81%8F-te-oku/).\n * ほっぽっとく: the contracted form of ほっぽっておく. See [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18159/5010).\n * ほっぽっといても: the temo-form of above, which adds the meaning of \"even if\" (-ておく/-とく conjugates like a godan verb)\n\nSo 外にほっぽっといても (or 外にほっぽっておいても) means \"even if you leave (it) out in the open\n(for some time)\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-01-10T18:09:10.693",
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73834
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73836
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73836
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "73841",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Lately, I'm reading Japanese light novels. For the following sentence, I can't\nget the meaning behind it.\n\n> 解放感 **もなければ** 、次の職を探さ **なければ** という焦りもなかった。何を思えばよいのかが、よくわからなかった。\n\nThe character said that after leaving his workplace for the last time. He also\nhas not any job offer where he can continue to work. He wasn't even trying to\nget a new job.\n\nFor me, it makes no sense when I try to translate it using the conditional\nform. Can someone help me out, please?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-10T22:06:03.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73839",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-11T09:49:00.287",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-11T09:49:00.287",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25772",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "What is the grammar behind もなければ、なければ?",
"view_count": 2474
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「解放感{かいほうかん} **もなければ** 、次{つぎ}の職{しょく}を探{さが}さ **なければ**\n> という焦{あせ}りもなかった。何{なに}を思{おも}えばよいのかが、よくわからなかった。」\n\nmakes perfect sense.\n\nPerhaps you have confused yourself by mistakenly thinking that the 「解放感 **も**\nなければ」 corresponded with「次の職を探さなければ」. It actually corresponds with 「焦り **も**\nなかった」 in the **double-も construct** discussed in [this\nQ&A](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/28880/why-is-%e3%82%82-used-\ntwice-in-this-sentence/28883#28883).\n\nThus, this person had/felt neither A nor B.\n\nA: 解放感\n\nB: 『次の職を探さなければ』という焦り\n\n> \"(Someone) had neither a feeling of release nor that of impatience regarding\n> having to look for the next job. (Someone) could not understand well (even)\n> what to think.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-01-11T00:06:35.243",
"id": "73840",
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{
"body": "Both of the two なければ's are conditional in form, but in actual effect neither\nreally expresses any condition.\n\nIn constructions of such a form as「AもBれば、CもD」, 「れば」 can work more like a\ncoordinating conjunction, like the examples below.\n\n> 「彼女は顔も良け **れば** 、頭も良い。」 \"She is good-looking, **and** smart too.\"\n>\n> 「数学ができる人もい **れば** 、そうでない人もいる。」 \"Some people are good at math, ( **and** )\n> other people are not.\"\n>\n> 「僕にはお金もなけ **れば** 、才能もない。」 \"I don't have money, **nor** talent.\"\n\nThe second one is the short form of 「なけらればならない」, which indicates the modality\nof obligation, like English modals _must_ and _have to_.\n\nSo the translation of the sentence is something along the lines of:\n\n> Neither was there any sense of liberation, **nor** was there the impatient\n> feeling of **having to** look for the next job.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2020-01-11T01:56:43.060",
"id": "73841",
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73839
|
73841
|
73841
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "73859",
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"body": "From my dictionary, both mean ancestor so I am wondering about what is the\ndifference between them.\n\nIs the difference in politeness ? For example [息子]{musuko} and [子息]{shisoku}\nboth mean _son_ , but the latter is more polite.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-11T16:59:44.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73844",
"last_activity_date": "2022-04-15T17:42:56.510",
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"owner_user_id": "29500",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 祖先 and 先祖?",
"view_count": 1094
}
|
[
{
"body": "Although both are on-yomi compounds, I feel 祖先 sounds more technical and\nacademic. 先祖 tends to be used in daily conversations and religious contexts\n(e.g. 墓参り), whereas 祖先 tends to be preferred in biological, archaeological and\nprogramming contexts. This I think is why we commonly say ご先祖様 with respect\nbut not ご祖先様. That said, this distinction is not very strict, and there are\ncases where 先祖 and 祖先 are used interchangeably.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-01-12T08:59:44.993",
"id": "73859",
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"score": 8
},
{
"body": "I'm 2 years late, but in case anybody stumbles upon this...\n\nThe meanings are pretty much the same, but the _usage_ is pretty different.\n\n先祖 is used colloquially, as in: 先月、ご先祖様のお墓参りに行きました。(I payed a visit to my\nancestors' grave last month.) Note that you cannot use 祖先 here.\n\nOn the other hand, 祖先 is used almost exclusively in a scientific context. For\nexample, 人類の祖先はアフリカで誕生したとする説が有力だ。(It is widely believed that Humans' ancestors\noriginated in Africa.) You can not use 先祖 here.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-04-15T17:42:56.510",
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73844
|
73859
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73859
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "73853",
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"body": "I’ve stumbled upon the phrase 勝ったな and it was translated there as “he will\nwin” but what conjugation is that?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-11T17:39:03.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73846",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-12T02:05:56.400",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "35768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"usage",
"verbs",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What does 勝ったな mean?",
"view_count": 461
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's past tense of 勝つ, 'won'. Idk why the translation is in future tense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-11T20:52:07.490",
"id": "73849",
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{
"body": "That is not a bad translation at all. In fact, that is what the phrase means\nmost of the time.\n\n「勝{か}ったな」, even though it may take the past tense grammatically, is usually\nsaid **_before_** the game/match, etc. is over rather than after.\n\nIt is said when it looks as though it is almost certain that you or your team\nwill be the winner. That is to say that the game/match, etc. is close to the\nend and you are ahead by a good margin. We say 「勝ったな」 in that kind of\nsituation. Emotions overriding grammar, if you will.\n\nNeedless to say, you know there is mathematically still a chance that you\nmight actually lose in the end, but that does not affect the phrase choice, or\ntense choice of 「勝ったな」.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-12T01:42:17.477",
"id": "73852",
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{
"body": "勝った is the -ta form of 勝つ, and normally indicates past-tense, but in this case\nit actually is indicating the perfect.\n\nA literal translation would be something like “(With this) he has won.” — that\nis, as a reaction to something that has happened.\n\nThe な is the standard masculine sentence-ending particle, which adds a sense\nof confidence in one’s statement (though also as a result indicates the\nstatement is about something unsure).\n\nOf course a literal translation here is not what you would say in English, but\nhopefully it helps you understand the grammar!",
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"creation_date": "2020-01-12T01:46:37.653",
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"body": "> > 溺れる者は藁をも掴む。溺れる火口はレムにもすがる。\n>>\n\n>>\n返って自分の首を絞めてしまう結果に終わりました。それどころか頼みの綱のレムにさえ破滅への道程を勧められ、それと知らずに「レム、お前頭いいな」などと頓珍漢な賛辞を送ってしまいます。\n\nThe context is that 火口 is being led to a trap(he's going to a place where he's\ngonna be arrested), unbeknown to him. He then asks his supposed ally Rem for\nher opinion and she says he should go.\n\nAs for それどころか I don't know what それ is refering to.\n\nIn this sentence:\n\n> 私は今回の試験は簡単だろうと思っていたが、それどころか追試を受けることになってしまった。\n\nIt's clear that それ is pointing at the previous statement and what follows next\nis contradicting/negating that statement. A good translation of それどころか in this\ncase is \"Contrary to that\". But I don't think it follows the same pattern for\nそれどころか頼みの綱のレムにさえ破滅への道程を勧められ",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-11T17:44:07.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is それ in それどころ pointing at in this sentence?",
"view_count": 132
}
|
[
{
"body": "I believe it's saying 火口 dug his own grave, but even worse, he was lead to his\ngrave by his own comrade.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-11T21:13:22.400",
"id": "73850",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-11T21:13:22.400",
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"body": "> 返って自分の首を絞めてしまう結果に終わりました。 **それどころか**\n> 頼みの綱のレムにさえ破滅への道程を勧められ、それと知らずに「レム、お前頭いいな」などと頓珍漢な賛辞を送ってしまいます。\n\nIn this context, 「それどころか」 is fairly synonymous to 「そんなものではなく」 or\n「そんな生易{なまやさ}しいものではなく」, which means \" ** _not as simple as that_** \", etc.\n\nIn the pattern:\n\n> 「Statement A。それどころか + Statement B。」\n\nThe author thinks Statement A was an understatement or too simplistic a way to\ndescribe what _really_ took place. Therefore, s/he goes ahead and adds a more\ndescriptive sentence to augment it.\n\nTherefore, you are correct in stating that the 「それどころか」 used in the sentence:\n\n> 私は今回の試験は簡単だろうと思っていたが、 **それどころか** 追試を受けることになってしまった。\n\nis different in meaning. That indeed means \" ** _on the contrary_** \".\n\nMy own TL (85% literal & 15% free) of the original sentence:\n\n> \"Instead, he ended up asking for trouble. It was not even quite as simple as\n> that. He was suggested to take the way to destruction by Rem, whom he\n> trusted much, and not knowing this, he even paid Rem the highest compliment\n> 'Hey, Rem, you're so smart!'\"",
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"body": "My Japanese friend sent me a picture of a cat peeking around a corner and the\nhiragana says either ちらっ or ちらつ.\n\nI’m guessing it means peek-a-boo from the context.\n\nWhat does it mean and is it chiratsu , chiraa or something else ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-11T20:40:53.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does ちらっ mean?",
"view_count": 1845
}
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[
{
"body": "「ちらっ」 with a small っ is a very common onomatopoeic word describing a\n**momentary glance**. The pitch accent is on the 「ら」.\n\nWhen combined with a verb, we add a 「と」 and say 「ちらっと見{み}る」 (\"to have a\nmomentary look\").\n\n「ちらっ」, all by itself, does not mean a \"peek-a-boo\", but it can describe the\nlooking-briefly part of it.\n\nWe have the interesting-sounding word 「いないいないばあ」 for a \"peek-a-boo\". The 「ばあ」\npart at the end is onomatopoeic and it is like a highly emphasized and\nexaggerated version of 「ちらっ」.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-01-12T00:59:58.370",
"id": "73851",
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{
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"body": "This is in the context of a videogame. The complete quote is\n「怒りのキーブレードは心を解き放つ」, which was translated into \"The keyblade's rage releases\nthose hearts\". Why isn't it \"The keyblade of rage releases those hearts\"? What\nis the role of の here?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-12T04:16:37.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-の"
],
"title": "What is the role of の in 「怒りのキーブレード」？Why is it translated as \"the keyblade's rage\" and not \"the keyblade of rage\"?",
"view_count": 562
}
|
[
{
"body": "This type of の is found often in fictional works and adds a \"symbolic title\"\nto the modified word. Similar examples:\n\n * 自由の女神 (The Statue of Liberty)\n * 進撃の巨人 (Attack on Titan)\n * 鋼の錬金術師 (Fullmetal Alchemist)\n * [青の祓魔師](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/59996/5010) (Blue Exorcist)\n * 鬼滅の刃 (Demon Slayer)\n\nOfficial English translations are included in parentheses. As you can see,\nthis construction is not always translated \"literally\" into English. If there\nwas a weapon whose official name is 怒りのキーブレード, then it could be translated as\n\"Rage Keyblade\", \"The Keyblade of Rage\" or something like that. However that's\nnot the case in your sentence. Since this 怒りのキーブレード seems to refer to\nsomeone's keyblade who happens to be in a fury, \"the keyblade of rage\" might\nsound too grandiose, and \"the keyblade's rage\" seems to be a possible\ntranslation to me.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-12T05:09:27.240",
"id": "73857",
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{
"body": "Personally idk if it's possible to even translate that into natural English.\n怒りの is not that different from say, 青いキーブレード, it describes what type of\nkeyblade it is. Basically, it's \"a keyblade that is used in rage/while the\nuser is enraged\" will unlock the door, as opposed to say, a \"calm\" keyblade,\none whose owner is usually kind and not that angry, fights to protect rather\nthan destroy, etc. I'm sure you've seen in anime where characters are like\n'anger and hatred makes one stronger' or characters get emotional and then get\na powerup.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-01-12T08:27:02.977",
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73857
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73857
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"body": "I have trouble translating \"female soldier\" in Japanese: Is it 女戦士 or 女性戦士?\nAlso is the particle の lacking between the two words?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-12T11:31:42.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73860",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-13T03:15:56.920",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-13T03:15:56.920",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"kanji"
],
"title": "How can I say \"female soldier\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 299
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is what my boyfriend has to say (who is fluent in Japanese): 女性戦士 is more\nlike female warrior, and female soldier would be 女性兵士. But depending on what\nyou need it for, note that neither of them really sound cool.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-12T21:03:36.250",
"id": "73865",
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{
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"body": "I saw it in the following context:\n\n> xxは、ぐてっと俺に体を預け、胸に顔を埋めてくる\n\nBased on the spelling, I wonder if it's similar to\n[ぐでんぐでん](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%90%E3%81%A7%E3%81%90%E3%81%A7/),\nbut I'm not sure about that. Based on context, I'm guessing it means something\nlike to collapse (out of exhaustion/tiredness).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-12T14:33:03.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "10045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What does ぐてっと mean?",
"view_count": 196
}
|
[
{
"body": "「ぐてっと」 roughly means \"in a lazy or lethargic manner\", \"lacking energy\",\n\"lifelessly\", etc. 「ぐ **た** っと」 and 「ぐたりと」 virtually mean the same thing. Just\nthink of Gudetama and you will get the picture.\n\nSo, this person kind of leaned against another in such a manner.\n\n「ぐでんぐでん」 is quite different as it means \"in a highly intoxicated manner\".\n\n「ぐてっと」, all by itself, does not suggest any alcohol consumption.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-01-12T15:12:49.110",
"id": "73862",
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73862
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "73866",
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"body": "みなさん、こんにちは！\n\nSo, I am a beginner. I have just started reading my first manga in Japanese,\n鬼滅の刃, and I've encountered a sentence which I don't really understand the\ngrammar for. Here it is:\n\n> 丸腰{まるごし}であるのを悟{さと}られないよう振{ふ}りかぶった体勢{たいせい}で手元{てもと}を隠{かく}す\n\nI've understood it to mean roughly:\n\n> He hid his grip so that I would not realize that he was unarmed.\n\nwhich makes sense in context. The grammar that confuses me is the usage of\n「よう」 without any particle afterwards. I am familiar with 「ように」 and 「ような」 but I\nam not quite sure if I am missing something here.\n\nWas 「に」 simply omitted in the sentence above? If that is the case, is such\nusage common or is it a more dated style?\n\nHere's the page in question with some extra dialog:\n<https://i.stack.imgur.com/GhSR9.jpg>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-12T19:39:43.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73863",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-12T23:56:58.483",
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"owner_user_id": "36563",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Usage of よう without に particle",
"view_count": 538
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「Phrase A + よう + Phrase B」\n>\n> 「Phrase A + ように + Phrase B」\n\nIn basic meaning, the two patterns above are identical.\n\nThe only difference is that the second one using 「ように」 is **more casual and\nconversational** than the first with 「よう」. For that reason, 「よう」 tends to be\nused more often in writing.\n\nThe sentence you have quoted sounds non-conversational; therefore, 「よう」 fits\nbetter there.\n\n「よう **な** 」, BTW, is **not** an option here as it needs to be followed by a\n**noun**.\n\n「よう」 and 「ように」 are followed by **verb or adjective phrases** (or whole mini-\nsentences).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"body": "So from my dictionary 蒸気 means steam, and 水蒸気/湯気 both mean water vapor. What I\nwould like to understand is when is 水蒸気 used over 湯気 ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-12T19:54:30.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73864",
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"owner_user_id": "29500",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Differences in use between 水蒸気, 蒸気 and 湯気?",
"view_count": 315
}
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[
{
"body": "Scientifically speaking, 湯気 does not mean vapor but steam because 湯気 is a\nvisible thing whereas vapor is invisible gaseous thing. I think 蒸気 corresponds\nto vapor in English, but we don't usually distinguish between them same as in\nEnglish so there is not much difference between 湯気 and 蒸気.\n\nSetting aside above, 湯気 is more common phrase in spoken language than 蒸気. When\nthere is hot steam coming out of the kettle, we are more likely to say\n「やかんから湯気が出ています」 than 「やかんから蒸気が出ています」. 蒸気 is used in academic phrase or\nspecific terms like below:\n\n・水蒸気爆発 (steam explosion)\n\n・蒸気機関 (steam engine)\n\n・蒸気機関車(steam locomotive)\n\n水蒸気 and 蒸気 are mostly the same as with in English - 蒸気 is to vapor as 水蒸気 is\nto water vapor.\n\nAs a side note, 「スチーム」 is also used in electric appliances and beauty\nequipment like スチーム式加湿器(steam humidifier), スチームアイロン(steam iron) and\nスチームオーブンレンジ(steam oven).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-01-13T01:13:59.090",
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"body": "This is a question that I have been pondering for a while.\n\nAs anyone who has read stories written in English can tell you, most stories\nare written in past tense. Why? Well, the main reason is that writing stories\nin past tense has been the convention for as long as anyone can remember.\nMoreover, stories written in the present tense have a reputation for being\npoorly written.\n\nThat doesn’t mean you can’t write a good story in present tense. “Bleak House”\nby Charles Dickens (written mostly in present tense and includes sections\nwritten in past tense) and “Rabbit, Run” by John Updike (written entirely in\npresent tense) are considered to be classics.\n\nThe following are the pros and cons of writing in present tense. The cons also\nhint at other reasons that most stories are written in past tense.\n\nThe pros of writing in present tense:\n\n 1. Stories written in present tense feel like a movie\n 2. Present tense creates more intense emotions\n 3. Present tense works well with a deep third-person point of view\n 4. Present tense is the best choice for short-time frame stories with constant action\n 5. Present tense works well with unreliable narrators\n\nThe cons of writing in present tense:\n\n 1. Some people simply hate reading stories written in present tense\n 2. Present tense is not as flexible and it can be awkward to shift to past events or future events\n 3. Present tense is hard to use effectively, because it is not as flexible\n 4. There is little to no narration in stories that are written in present tense.\n 5. There are 12 verb tenses in English, and you will be limited to 4 verb tenses (simple present, present progressing, simple future and sometimes simple past) if you write in present tense.\n\nBy the way, you can write stories in future tense in English, but they are\nvery rare. I know of only two stories that are written in future tense, and\nthey are “The Book of Revelation” and “Gylfaginning”. Both stories give\ndetails on the upcoming end of the world and its subsequent rebirth.\n\nI got the above from this source: (<https://thewritepractice.com/past-tense-\nvs-present-tense/>).\n\nThat’s how English stories are written. So how about Japanese stories? The few\nJapanese stories that I have read so far seem to be written in present tense,\nbut they have some parts written in past tense. I am willing to guess that\nthere are probably no Japanese stories written in future tense. The Japanese\nlanguage treats the base form of verbs as having present or future tense and\nthe reader has to rely on context to figure out which tense is being used, so\ntrying to write a Japanese story in future tense would be difficult at best.\n\nI look forward to your answers!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-13T01:17:51.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73868",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-13T03:04:24.690",
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"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Are Japanese stories usually written in past tense or present tense?",
"view_count": 1477
}
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[
{
"body": "This employment of present tense is called [historical\npresent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_present) (or 史的現在 in\nJapanese). I think Japanese novels tend to use it more often than English\nones.\n\nIn Japanese novels, past tense and present tense are often mixed even within\none paragraph. It's hard to generalize, but I have heard that past tense is\ntypically used to \"move the story forward\" while present tense is mainly used\nto \"describe the current scene vividly\". For example, please see [my previous\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/55546/5010).\n\nSee also:\n\n * [Sentence in the present tense when the text is in the past tense?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/61679/5010)\n * [Why did the author briefly jump to present tense in this article?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23349/5010)\n * [Negative present endings translated as past tense](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/53760/5010)\n\nIf I understand correctly, there is no grammatical \"future tense\" in Japanese.",
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"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a saying (ことわざ）or 4 character phrase (四字熟語) in Japanese for the 80-20\nrule (i.e. the Pareto Principle)? i.e. it takes 20% of the effort to get 80%\nof the results but to get the last 20% of the results takes 80% of the effort.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-13T02:20:15.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73869",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-21T12:19:03.913",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-21T12:19:03.913",
"last_editor_user_id": "1805",
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"yoji-jukugo"
],
"title": "80/20 rule expression (Pareto Principle)",
"view_count": 374
}
|
[
{
"body": "What you describe is also known in English as the Pareto principle.\n\nFrom this site <https://takuminotie.com/blog/2015/09/09/post-9226/>\n\nwe have the usage\n\n> パレートの法則\n\nThe site also says that...\n\n> それで、これらは俗に80対20の法則、2：8の法則、80-20ルールとも呼ばれる。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-13T13:52:17.800",
"id": "73874",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-13T13:52:17.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10072",
"parent_id": "73869",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
73869
| null |
73874
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73875",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was practicing writing and got corrected by a few native speakers. They all\nhad a correction in common where they took the ます Verb Stem and then just\nadded a different verb on the back.\n\nWhat grammar rule is going on here? What does it mean? When can I use it and\nwhen can't I use it?\n\nMy sentences were about cats. The portion I was corrected on was:\n\n> If you don't, they won't stop screaming.\n\nCorrection A:\n\n> あなたがそうしないなら彼らは **鳴きやみません** 。\n>\n> My translation:\n>\n> If you don't, they won't stop crying (as in making animal noises).\n\nCorrection B:\n\n> あなたがもしやめなければ彼らは **叫び続けます** 。\n>\n> My translation:\n>\n> If you don't stop, they will continue to scream.\n\nI am not sure if the person that gave me correction b understood what I meant\nin the first half of the sentence. But the grammar point I don't understand\nwas still used (叫び続けます) in the second half.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-13T04:14:11.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73871",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-13T15:46:25.573",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "ます Verb Stem + another verb grammar meaning?",
"view_count": 1008
}
|
[
{
"body": "In verb conjugations, beginning students are typically taught only a single\nusage for a verb conjugation. Base-II (or ます form) conjugation, or the い\nconjugation, is commonly taught as the form that is used for the ます form of\nverbs. While this is true, the ます form is _not_ the only usage that it has.\n\nOne of the more common usages for base-II conjugation is for combining or\nlinking verbs and phrases. Usually this is taught as one of the functions of\nthe base-て conjugation, as this form of verb linking is most common, but [it\ncan also be done with base-II\nconjugation](https://imulat.com/japanese/blog/how_to_connect_two_verbs_in_japanese).\nTo link verbs using base-II conjugation simply:\n\n 1. Conjugate the verb to the base-II (or ます) form.\n 2. Use the next verb _or phrase_.\n\nExamples:\n\n> 食べ変える (to switch food items (to eat)) --see note \n> 歩き続ける (to continue walking) \n> 友達を呼び、外食に行く (call on a friend and go out to eat)\n\nThe difference between using the ます form of the て form conjugation is mostly\nin the formality conveyed in the sentence. If you are talking to a superior,\nbe it at work, school, or politics, you would do well to use the ます form to\nlink the phrases, [as it is more formal or\nliterary](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/41133/masu-stem-to-\nconnect-sentences).\n\nNote:\n\nIt should be noted that sometimes, when liking two verbs directly like this,\nthe result can be someone unpredictable. There is a plethora of verbs that,\nthough combined in this way, do not have the expected meaning. For example:\n\n行く (to go) + 成る (to become) =\n[行き成り](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%8D%E6%88%90%E3%82%8A) (abrupt;\nwithout warning)\n\n* * *\n\nThis was not asked in the question, but I think that it should be addressed.\n\nWith regard to correction A:\n\n> あなたが **そうしないなら** 彼らは鳴きやみません。\n\nWhile grammatically correct, I think that there is a nuance that needs to be\naddressed. [Using\nなら](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/conditionals) as an 'if'\ntypically carries the feeling of, \"If it is true that ____, then ____.\" What\ncomes before なら in this case is usually assumed or hypothetical.\n\nWhat you are talking about here isn't hypothetical, it's more certain. In this\ncase I would use と as your 'if.' It carries a more certain \"If ____, then\n____\" relationship.\n\n> あなたが **そうしないと** 彼らは鳴きやみません。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-13T14:09:40.710",
"id": "73875",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-13T15:46:25.573",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-13T15:46:25.573",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "73871",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
73871
|
73875
|
73875
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73883",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Every time I walk by a barbershop (not a 美容院), I think of the words 散髪屋 and\n床屋. Which word is correct, or sounds better, more interesting, for a non-\nnative speaker to use in a conversation?\n\nAnd, after either, is it possible to add \"さん\"? Such as 散髪屋さん and 床屋さん?\n\nBy adding, \"さん\" what nuance does it add?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-14T00:29:21.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73880",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-14T05:30:04.163",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-14T00:55:21.480",
"last_editor_user_id": "4835",
"owner_user_id": "4835",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Better to say 床屋 or 散髪屋?",
"view_count": 472
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is not that one of the two is any more correct than the other; Both are\n\"correct\". Certainly, neither one sounds better or more interesting.\n\n「散髪屋{さんぱつや}」, however, is mainly used in Kansai as explained in [this\ndictionary of Osaka\ndialect](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%95%A3%E9%AB%AA%E5%B1%8B?dictCode=OSAKA).\n\nAround Tokyo (or eastern half of the country in general), it would be safe to\nsay 「床屋{とこや}」 is **far** more common.\n\nIn either case, the more formal term is 「理容店{りようてん}」 or 「理髪店{りはつてん}」, but\nthose are not too often used in our informal, everyday conversations as they\nsound fairly technical.\n\nRegarding attaching a 「さん」, it adds an amount of politeness and a sense of\naffinity. Quite a few native speakers will use it when talking about a\nbarber's shop with others. 「床屋/散髪屋」 with or without a 「さん」 can refer to either\nthe shop or the owner.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-14T05:13:24.443",
"id": "73883",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-14T05:30:04.163",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-14T05:30:04.163",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73880",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
73880
|
73883
|
73883
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I've read in [this article](https://www.japanesewithanime.com/2019/05/no-\nsubject-marker.html#tricky-parts) that の can replace が when used in a\nsubordinate clause.\n\nFor example, 耳が長いエルフ is the same as 耳の長いエルフ, evidently. However, this article\ndoesn't describe any difference in nuance between these two options. Is there\nany?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-14T03:58:48.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73882",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-14T03:58:48.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33505",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "の replacing が in subordinate clauses",
"view_count": 318
}
|
[] |
73882
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Anybody around here knows why it is used the て-form in 覚えてないのかい instead of\n覚えないのかい in the next sentence?\n\n僕はさっきもう君にすっかり話したじゃないか。 それとも、覚えてないのかい？ I've already seen this before in other\nquestion sentences So..., What I want to know is why it is use the て-form in\nquestion sentences? I mean.... If I use both of them (覚えてないの､ 覚えないの ) the\nmeaning of the sentence wouldn't be the same?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-14T05:20:00.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73884",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-14T05:20:00.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36169",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"english-to-japanese",
"academic-japanese"
],
"title": "Why to use the て-form in questions?",
"view_count": 64
}
|
[] |
73884
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73886",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this sentence:\n\n> 「あんた ホントに **どどめ色** の青春を過ごしてるわね」\n\nThe context is that the addressee wanted to show the speaker a new move he\nlearned by watching the same video over and over again.\n\nApparently 「 **どどめ色** 」 refers to a certain color\n(<https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%A9%E3%82%81>). I cannot really\nmake sense of what it is supposed to mean here though. Are there any other\nexamples of a color modifying 「青春」or are there any set phrases that help\nunderstanding the construction here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-14T09:09:55.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73885",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-15T20:29:09.720",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-15T20:29:09.720",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "35673",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「どどめ色」",
"view_count": 668
}
|
[
{
"body": "Have you tried Wikipedia?\n\n> ###\n> [どどめ色](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%A9%E3%82%81%E8%89%B2)\n>\n>\n> どどめ色（ドドメ色、土留色）とは、その名前は知られているが正確な定義のない色。方言では桑の実、また青ざめた唇の色や、打撲などによる青アザの表現に用いられ、赤紫から青紫、黒紫を指す。\n>\n> 慣用句としては青紫色から「病的な」、不正確性から「不明瞭な」、泥色から「汚れた」といったネガティブな意味合いで用いられることが多い\n\nPhysically, this color refers to dark purple/blue, but ドドメ色(の) is more\ncommonly used as an idiom that means something negative like \"dark\", \"dirty\"\nor \"somber\". Either way, ドドメ色 is an uncommon word mainly used in literary\nworks, so if you used ドドメ色の青春 in an ordinary conversation, it would probably\nsound like a joke. (By the way, this word seems to have a sexual connotation\nin some dialects, but I'm not familiar with that.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-14T09:55:14.147",
"id": "73886",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-14T09:55:14.147",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73885",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
73885
|
73886
|
73886
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "If a native Japanese does not know how a kanji is pronounced and want to ask\nabout its reading over the phone, how would he 'spell out' the kanji?\n\nMaybe this is why faxes are still popular in Japan, but let's imagine they\ndon't have access to a fax machine.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-14T16:37:40.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73888",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-14T16:37:40.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4652",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"spelling",
"written-language"
],
"title": "Spelling out over the phone",
"view_count": 119
}
|
[] |
73888
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73890",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 当番委員のペアが決まった日なのよ？他のみんなはお祝いしてるのに、 **何が悲しくて** 、そんな、さびれ果てたとこへ行かなきゃならないの？\n\nWhat does 何が悲しくて mean here? It seems to mean \"What's so sad that we have to go\nthere?\" but I feel like I'm missing something.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-14T20:41:40.443",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73889",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-15T00:13:42.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "902",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"questions"
],
"title": "Meaning of 何が悲しくて",
"view_count": 1172
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「何が悲しくて～～しなければならない（のか）」\n\nis an _**idiomatic expression**_ used to describe the unreasonableness,\nunfairness, outrageousness, etc. of the situation where one must unwillingly\nperform an action.\n\nThus, a literal translation of the expression will **not** work well because\nthe expression grammatically looks as if it meant \" _ **because**_ something\nis sad, one needs to ~~~\".\n\nThe English counterparts I could think of would be:\n\n> \"Why the heck am I supposed to ~~~?\" or\n>\n> ”What good does it do if (I) ~~~?”\n\nThis expression, therefore, differs in meaning from 「何が悲しいって」 or 「何が悲しいかって」,\nboth of which do mean what they literally mean -- \"what is sad is that ~~.\"\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-14T22:29:18.167",
"id": "73890",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-15T00:13:42.167",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73889",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
73889
|
73890
|
73890
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73894",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: in the manga\n[Rikudo](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6),\nRiku is going to fight against the number 2 of the OPBF (Oriental and Pacific\nBoxing Federation), a Filipino boxer named Alan Sedenho. Alan has been offered\nby the federation a match for the vacant OPBF title, but has to wait for a\nstrong opponent to appear.\n\n> **Riku's trainer:**\n> アランは空位のOPBF王座を賭けたタイトル戦のオファーを連盟から受けていて客を呼べる相手が現れる次第で〝おあずけ〟をくらってる無敗の帝王と言った選手だ。\n>\n> **Riku's friend:** そ… それっておい… OPBFタイトルの **調整役** としてふっかけられた話なのかよ！？\n>\n> **Riku's trainer** : コイツが〝誰のためへの〟 **調整** になるのかは水面下では既に決まってるがな\n\nMy translation attempt:\n\n> **Riku's trainer:** Alan is an undefeated boxer that was offered from the\n> federation a match for the vacant OPBF title, but has to wait until an\n> opponent that can attract a big audience will appear.\n>\n> **Riku's friend:** Hey, so this means that... he is being forced to be a\n> coordinator for the OPBF title?\n>\n> **Riku's trainer** : I think it has already been decided behind closed doors\n> for whom he will act as a coordinator.\n\nWhat does 調整役 mean in this context? Considering that Riku is supposedly weaker\nthan Alan, considering the fact that if Alan beats Riku his next match will\nprobably be the title match and considering the trainer's answer, does it mean\nthat Riku is being used as a かませ犬 so that Alan can then find a stronger\nopponent for the title match after beating him? Also, an extra question: what\nis the がな at the end of the trainer's answer? Uncertainty or hope?\n\n[Here](https://i.imgur.com/YDRVH8S.jpg) you can see the original page. Thank\nyou for your help!\n\n**EDIT:** here you can find the next pages for more context-->\n[17](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5z1pm.jpg),\n[18-19](https://i.imgur.com/G0NculK.jpg),\n[20](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sGI2X.jpg). The man with the glasses is Akito\nHyodo, former world champion and now a powerful boxing promoter. He has a son,\nKaede Hyodo, who is a rising star in the boxing world (at the moment he is the\nJapanese national champion) and has recently abandoned his father's gym\nbecause of their bad relationship. Akito hates his son and is trying to stop\nhis career progression.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-15T00:13:01.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73891",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-15T15:09:00.900",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-15T03:46:11.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nouns",
"sports"
],
"title": "Meaning of 調整役 in the following sentence",
"view_count": 135
}
|
[
{
"body": "調整役 is usually translated as \"a coordinator/liaison\", and in the context of\nboxing I think it typically means someone who arranges a match. However,\njudging from the posted pages and [this article](https://readagain-\ncomic.com/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AFvs%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%80%80%E5%AE%8C%E5%85%A8%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AE%E5%AD%A4%E7%8B%AC%E3%81%AA%E9%97%98%E3%81%84%E3%80%8E%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%83%89),\n調整役 seems to mean something different here.\n\nHere, 調整役 probably means \"someone who Alan can use to tune-up his condition\".\nAlan hasn't had a match for a while, so he needed some weaker opponent he\ncould utilize to \"get the rust off\", and that was why Riku was chosen. This is\na fairly context-dependent interpretation, and 調整役 doesn't usually mean this.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-15T15:09:00.900",
"id": "73894",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-15T15:09:00.900",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73891",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
73891
|
73894
|
73894
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73901",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How to say: I want to be good at what I choose to do?\n\nI know some of the individual words/expressions needed for the sentence:\n1)want to be good at: 得意になりたい or 上手になりたい 2)choose to do something: なになにを決める\n\nBut how would one say this structure in Japanese: things I choose to do?\n\nMuch appreciated!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-15T17:51:15.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73895",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T01:25:11.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say: I want to be good at what I choose to do",
"view_count": 127
}
|
[
{
"body": "You would need to use a relative clause to modify the \"thing(s)\" (\"こと\"). In\ncase you did not know, the noun 「こと」 is placed **_after_** the relative clause\nin Japanese, which is the exact opposite of English.\n\nEnglish: \" **the things** that I choose to do\"\n\nJapanese: 「自分{じぶん}がすると決{き}めた **こと** 」\n\nThis big difference in word order must be the reason that we receive so many\nquestions about relative clause with the questioners not even seeming to know\nthey are asking about relative clause.\n\nThus, the natural-sounding ways to say what you wanted to say would include:\n\n・「自分が（やる or する）と決めたことが上手{じょうず}になりたい。」\n\n・「自分が（やりたい or したい）と決めたことがうまくなりたい。」\n\n・「（やる or する）と決めたことが得意{とくい}になりたい。」\n\nIt would sound **less** natural if you used a first-person pronoun like\n「わたし/ボク, etc.」. We would use either 「自分」 or nothing at all. Your\nlistener/reader will know exactly who you are talking about.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T01:25:11.563",
"id": "73901",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T01:25:11.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73895",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73895
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73901
|
73901
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there an expression or metaphor similar to \"gut feeling\", as a metaphor for\none's intuition or instinctive feeling about something?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-15T21:43:20.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73897",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T11:01:55.863",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-15T22:07:32.933",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "4242",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"english-to-japanese",
"idioms",
"metaphor"
],
"title": "Is there an idiom equivalent to / similar to \"gut feeling\"?",
"view_count": 477
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is the idiom 「虫{むし}の知{し}らせ」 that is often found in bilingual\ndictionaries as one of the definitions for \"gut feeling\".\n\nIMHO, however, that is closer to \" **premonition** \" in meaning and feeling\nthan to \"gut feeling\".\n\nRegular, non-idiom words such as 「直感{ちょっかん}」 and 「第六感{だいろっかん}」 would be closer\nto \"gut feeling\" in nuance than 「虫の知らせ」 is.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T11:01:55.863",
"id": "73911",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T11:01:55.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73897",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73897
| null |
73911
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73899",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this sentence in this link: <http://watanoc.com/post-1608-gozira> So\nthere's a part where it says:アメリカの映画だと思っていました but why to use the て-form\ninstead of the ます-form? The meaning wouldn't be the same if I use the ます-form?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-15T23:46:17.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73898",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T16:20:07.513",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-16T16:20:07.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "36169",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Why to use 思っていました instead of 思いました?",
"view_count": 208
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is a clear difference in meaning.\n\n> 「思いました」\n\nmeans **\"(I) thought\"**. You thought (or felt) something momentarily in the\npast (including the immediate past \"just now\").\n\n> 「思っていました」\n\nmeans **\"(I) have/had been thinking/feeling\"**. The thinking lasted for some\ntime. That time period could be quite short or it could be very long such as\nmultiple years or even your whole life so far.\n\nIn very informal conversations, however, some native speakers might use\n「思いました」 instead of 「思っていました」, but not the other way around.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T00:44:29.317",
"id": "73899",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T00:44:29.317",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73898",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73898
|
73899
|
73899
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73903",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The text on which I found the following sentence is here:\n<http://watanoc.com/post-1608-gozira> So... There's a part where it says:\n『すごく面白い』とネットで評判です So my question is what does the と particle do in this\nsentence? And also why \"すごく面白い\" is between these symbols \"『 』\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T01:20:09.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73900",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-05T04:40:13.073",
"last_edit_date": "2021-02-05T04:40:13.073",
"last_editor_user_id": "7705",
"owner_user_id": "36169",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What is the function of the と particle in this sentence?",
"view_count": 122
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to [https://jisho.org/word/と](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%A8):\n\n> と can be a particle used for quoting (with speech, thoughts, etc.)\n\nConcerning 『 』, according to\n<https://www.japanesewithanime.com/2017/05/quotation-marks-japanese.html>:\n\n> There is no difference between how 「」 and 『』 affect a phrase. They are both\n> just quotation marks and don't impact the grammar, add nuance, or whatever.\n> There is as much difference between them as there is difference between '\n> and \".\n\n**EDITED** I could not find the phrase on the page you linked, but\n@DariusJahandarie pointed out it's actually on the page without kanji, with\nregular quotes 「」, and with extra whitespace.\n\n> 「すごく おもしろい」と ネットで ひょうばんです。\n\nI've also removed my incorrect translation, please see the answer by @Mindful",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T01:39:40.330",
"id": "73902",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T03:04:39.250",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-16T03:04:39.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "36471",
"owner_user_id": "36471",
"parent_id": "73900",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "So, as Micah has said, this `と` is indeed the quoting particle.\n\nThat said, Japanese is a lot more flexible with the grammatical concept of\nquotation and how it fits into sentences than English is. Quotes can attach to\nthings that you wouldn't expect them to in English - like in this case, the\nnoun `評判`.\n\nIf you look [here](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%A8%E8%A9%95%E5%88%A4)\n(and ignore all the examples involving `名声と評判` because that's the exhaustive\nlisting `と`), you can see that `~と評判` is a construction roughly meaning \"have\na reputation for\". [Jisho](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%A9%95%E5%88%A4)'s\nsecond example sentence is in much the same vein.\n\nIn short, this comes out to something like:\n\n> It has a reputation online for being super interesting/funny\n\nOr more in more colloquial English:\n\n> Everyone online says it's super interesting/funny\n\nThe quotation marks (『 』) are simply there to disambiguate the fact that\nquotation is going on; the phrase would be comprehensible (but perhaps not as\nimmediately obvious to learners of the language) without them.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T02:34:31.517",
"id": "73903",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T02:34:31.517",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7705",
"parent_id": "73900",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73900
|
73903
|
73903
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73907",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I started a light novel and I knew I would see more of formal writing and I\nhave this part that I only understand a little. The subject is about shadows,\nwhich relates to supernatural beings (this story has a character that fights\nwith these kinds of beings).\n\nI have this small description of the shadows:\n\n> ひそやかに舞い狂う黒い影。\n>\n> 光の差さぬ暗い影にうごめく、怪しい気配。\n\nIt is the second line that I do not understand well, like I get the gist, but\nperhaps I am understanding in a wrong order. First of all:\n\n> 光の差さぬ=光の差さない \n>\n\nWould this be correct, like the modern way? And if so, I still don't get a\nclear picture, how should I understand this? I think my interpretation is\nwrong, but I will try and I'm breaking down the sentence:\n\n> 光の差さぬ \"where light does not shine\" \n> 暗い影 \"dark shadows\" \n> うごめく\"to squirm\" or '\"to stir\" \n> 怪しい気配 \"weird sensation\" or \"presence\" \n>\n\n\"Towards dark shadows where there is no light shining, it stirs and gives\n(you) a weird sensation\". \nDoes it make any sense at all? I think I am wrong, so can someone please help?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T02:40:18.287",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73904",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T14:04:55.613",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "光の差さぬ暗い影 vaguely understanding this line",
"view_count": 115
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 光の差さぬ=光の差さない\n\nYup, this is correct. Please see the `「ぬ」` section\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/negativeverbs2), but\nbasically it's just an old fashioned negation. I mostly see it in relative\nclauses.\n\nAs for:\n\n> 光の差さぬ暗い影にうごめく、怪しい気配\n\nYou have translations of all the pieces done pretty well, you just didn't put\nthem together quite right. The whole thing looks like one big relative clause\nto me, for something like\n\n> An ominous presence writhing in the dark shadows where light does not shine.\n\n`光の差さぬ暗い影` is just \"dark shadows where light does not shine\", with `光の差さぬ` and\n`暗い` both qualifying `影`. Similarly, `光の差さぬ暗い影にうごめく` is all one big relative\nclause that qualifies `気配`, which `怪しい` also qualifies.\n\nQualifying one noun with both an adjective and a relative clause can look a\nlittle awkward at first, but it's not that uncommon. A simpler example might\nlook like:\n\n> 草を食べる大きい牛\n>\n> A large cow that eats grass",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T06:55:09.473",
"id": "73907",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T06:55:09.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7705",
"parent_id": "73904",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73904
|
73907
|
73907
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73909",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The verb 過ぎる shows up in the following sentence:\n\n> 二年間の景気後退期を **過ぎれ** ば、この国の経済は最悪の状態を脱するかもしれません。\n\nI think I understand the sentence but the problem is that I'm not sure what\n過ぎる exactly means. It is in its ば conditional form, right? What would be the\nmeaning of 過ぎる in this sentence? 助けてください",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T05:36:49.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73906",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T19:00:07.400",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-16T15:50:03.913",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36169",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"verbs"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 過ぎる in this sentence?",
"view_count": 152
}
|
[
{
"body": ">\n> 「二年間{にねんかん}の景気後退期{けいきこうたいき}を過{す}ぎれば、この国{くに}の経済{けいざい}は最悪{さいあく}の状態{じょうたい}を脱{だっ}するかもしれません。」\n\n「～～ **を** 過ぎる」, in this context, means \" ** _to get through_** \".\n\n「過ぎれば」 is indeed in the conditional form.\n\n> \"If (we) get through the two-year recession, this country's economy might be\n> out of the worst situation.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T10:27:12.193",
"id": "73909",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T19:00:07.400",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-16T19:00:07.400",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73906",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73906
|
73909
|
73909
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73913",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've recently discovered some Duolingo stickers on my phone, and there is one\nI can't translate properly. This sticker has the text 両方じゃだめ with a shrugging\nDuo-owl under it.\n\nI think it means something along the lines of \"I can't decide\". Could anyone\nexplain what it really means, and possibly break up the sentence?\n\nThe sticker: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HpyKq.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T10:51:26.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73910",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T13:57:47.440",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35819",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Meaning of 両方じゃだめ",
"view_count": 440
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 両方じゃだめ？\n\nWe usually say it to mean...\n\n> \"Can't I have them both?\" \"Why not both?\"\n\n* * *\n\nIt breaks down to...\n\n両方 -- \"both\" \nじゃ < contraction of では (で+は) \nだめ -- \"no good\"\n\nSo it's _literally_ like \"is it no good if both?\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T13:54:10.223",
"id": "73913",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T13:57:47.440",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-16T13:57:47.440",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "73910",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73910
|
73913
|
73913
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73916",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The following pairs of inflections got me thinking a little bit.\n\n * 〜く verb plain/te, for example: 働 **く** ・働 **い** て\n * 〜い adjective plain/nai, for example: 甘 **い** ・甘 **く** ない\n\nBoth of these suggest that there is perhaps some historical connection between\nthe く sound and い sound, either phonologically or semantically. Is there any\nreason why い and く seem to like to \"hang out\" with each other like this? Maybe\nthese two classes of words diverged from the same class of words somehow?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T19:41:24.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73914",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T21:26:22.480",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33505",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"て-form",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Connection between 〜い adjectives and 〜く verbs?",
"view_count": 716
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, for example consider the beginning of\n[枕草子【まくらのそうし】](https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E_%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87/%E6%9E%95%E8%8D%89%E5%AD%90):\n\n> 美【うつく】しきもの。瓜【うり】に描【か】きたる稚児【ちご】の顔【かお】。\n\nIf you rewrite the adjective and verb forms to their modern form:\n\n> 美しいもの。瓜に描いてある稚児の顔。\n\nObserve that an adjective such as 美しい was originally 美しき (before a noun, 美し at\nthe end of a sentence), with a [shift of き→い, see\nイ音便](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BE%BF#%E3%82%A4%E9%9F%B3%E4%BE%BF).\n咲いて was originally 咲きて, where you can see the same shift き→い.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T20:33:11.180",
"id": "73915",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T20:33:11.180",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3275",
"parent_id": "73914",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> there is perhaps some historical connection between the く sound and い sound,\n> either phonologically or semantically.\n\nI think the answer from blutorange addresses this.\n\n> Maybe these two classes of words [〜い adjectives and 〜く verbs] diverged from\n> the same class of words somehow?\n\nI'll disagree with blutorange about this part, as his answer is (I believe)\nonly intended to discuss the phonology, whereas the portion of your question\nhere is driving towards something deeper.\n\n### Historical background for ～い adjective endings\n\nIn the modern language, these adjectives have three main endings: ～い for use\nin the predicate (sentence-ending) or attributive (directly modifying a noun)\nroles, ～く for adverbial, and ～かった for past tense. Notably, ～かった is actually a\ncontraction of adverbial ～く + あった, the past tense for classical copula (\"is\"\nverb) あり, modern ある. So we're left with two endings, just ～い and ～く.\n\nHowever, these ～い adjectives used to have three endings.\n\n * ～し for terminal / predicate use\n * ～き for attributive use \n↑ These two collapsed over time, with the attributive gradually replacing the\nterminal, starting from around the late [Heian\nperiod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heian_period) (794–1185).\n\n * ～く for adverbial use\n\n### Historical sound shifts\n\nSome time during the [Kamakura\nperiod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamakura_period) (1185–1333) the medial\n(mid-word) //-k-// sound started disappearing in certain phonological\ncontexts. This happened for both the ～き and ～く adjective forms, and for the ～き\non the end of verb stems (the part before the ～ます) when followed by the\nconjunctive ～て ending. This produced things like 書【か】きて → 書【か】いて, 強【つよ】き →\n強【つよ】い, and 早【はや】く → 早【はや】う. From what I've read and can recall, it seems this\nshift may have started in the Kansai region, and slowly gained adoption\nelsewhere. This produced the modern standard Tokyo-dialect adjective ending ～い\nand the well-known slightly-irregular ～て forms for verbs.\n\nThis loss of //-k-// plus a flattening of vowels also produced terms like おはよう\nand おめでとう, from honorific お～ + the no-\"k\" adverbial forms 早【はや】う and 愛【め】でたう.\n\nFor reasons I don't yet understand, however, the loss of medial //-k-// for\nadverbial forms did not gain full acceptance, and thus we still have that\n//-k-// in the adverbial ～く ending for adjectives in standard Tokyo-based\nJapanese. I believe the no-\"k\" adverbial is still in common use in Kansai, but\nI must rely on others to confirm, as I have never spent time living in that\npart of Japan.\n\nAlthough the shift here is about a loss of medial //-k-//, in Japanese, this\nis described as a shift towards the vowel value. So the き → い change is called\nイ音便【おんびん】 (literally \" _i_ sound passing-along\", or \" _i_ euphony\"), while the\nく → う change is called ウ音便【おんびん】. Read more about Japanese sound shifts at\n[the Japanese\nWikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BE%BF#%E9%9F%B3%E5%BD%A2%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%AE%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E3%81%A8%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B)\nand [the English\nWikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_phonology#Onbin).\n\n### Connection between 〜い adjectives and 〜く verbs?\n\nUltimately, the only connection appears to be the phonology. I have never read\nanything suggesting that ～い adjectives as a class have anything to do\nderivationally with verbs ending in ～く.\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not address your question.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T21:26:22.480",
"id": "73916",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-16T21:26:22.480",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "73914",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
73914
|
73916
|
73916
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74159",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I heard the phrase:\n\n> その男の子が車にひかれて死にそうだった。\n\nWhen I head the V1てV2, I assumed that Verb 1 (ひかれて）had actually happened and\nthat Verb 2 (死にそう) was a consequence. But someone pointed out to me that the\nそう from Verb 2 also applied to Verb 1. In other words, that Verb 1 had not\nactually happened.\n\n> **Japanese:** その男の子が車にひかれて死にそうだった。\n>\n> **English 1:** That boy **was** hit by a car and almost died.\n>\n> **English 2:** That boy was **almost** hit by a car (and would have been\n> killed).\n\nWhich (if either) is correct? Does the そう always modify preceding verbs in a\ndouble verb construction? Or is it a case where there is ambiguity?\n\nPerhaps the addition of a comma （ひかれて、。。。）would indicate some difference?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T22:32:00.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73917",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-04T11:46:05.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Does ～そう modify both verbs in a double-verb construction?",
"view_count": 305
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the most appropriate translation is;\n\n> （今現在【いまげんざい】）その男の子が（走ってくる）車に轢【ひ】かれて死にそう（な状態）だった\n\nwhich means;\n\n> (RIGHT NOW) The (encoming) car is going to hit that boy; and he's gonna die!\n\n* * *\n\nI'm just a native speaker passing by, hope my answer can help.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T21:30:59.560",
"id": "74157",
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"body": "This depends on the context.\n\nExamples of そう applied to the _combination_ of two verbs:\n\n * あの子は天才だ。将来は **学者になってノーベル賞を取りそうだ** 。\n * いつもの時間に家を出たら、強い雪が降ってきた。 **電車が遅れて遅刻しそうだ** 。\n * 明日彼にこの話をしたら、彼は **ショックを受けて泣きそうだ** 。\n * **転んで怪我をしそう** な山道\n\nExamples of そう applied only to the second verb (i.e., the first verb describes\na known fact):\n\n * オリンピックが **近づいて** 日本への観光客が **増えそうです** 。\n * 申し訳ありません、 **電車が遅れて遅刻しそうです** 。\n * 正直に彼に話をした。彼は **ショックを受けて泣きそうだ** 。\n * **ぬかるんで滑りそう** な山道\n\nA comma tends to be used before the second verb if そう is applied only to the\nsecond verb, but you cannot rely on this too much.\n\n * その男の子は車にひかれて、死にそうだった。 \n(sounds like the boy was actually run over by a car)\n\n[轢かれる](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%BD%A2%E3%81%8F) is an event which is likely\nto cause a death (it's more serious than just being hit). Unless there is a\ncomma, people tend to treat 轢かれる and 死ぬ as a set.",
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"creation_date": "2020-01-31T00:10:41.180",
"id": "74159",
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"body": "If it were me, if the boy was almost hit, then I would say ひかれそう, therefore\nwithout further information/context, I would understand this to mean the\nformer, which is to say the boy was actually hit and almost died. \nBy the way, 死にそう can have several meanings; 1) (literally) on the verge of\ndeath, or 2) (figuratively) very seriously injured but not\ntechnically/medically dying, so not necessarily \"almost died\" but that's off\nthe topic I guess.",
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"creation_date": "2020-01-31T08:49:19.343",
"id": "74167",
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74159
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "73919",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 呼び出し場所は、昼休み中には **似つかわしくない** 通学路。その途中にある休憩所だ。\n\n**似つかわしくない** : inappropriate, unsuitable.\n\nI'm confused with the sentence, and I suspected **似つかわしくない** might have\nanother meaning.\n\nIf I translated the sentence, it will be like:\n\n> The meeting point is on the school route, which is **not suitable** during\n> the lunch break. It is a rest area along that route.\n\n(sounds strange to put together the words **not suitable** with a time period\nlike a **lunch break** )\n\nPlease kindly enlighten me, thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-16T22:45:18.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73918",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-17T00:39:35.470",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-16T22:51:53.477",
"last_editor_user_id": "35087",
"owner_user_id": "35087",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "The meaning of 似つかわしくない",
"view_count": 102
}
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[
{
"body": "So I think this is actually more of a semantics issue than a translation\nissue.\n\n> 昼休み中には似つかわしくない通学路\n>\n> school route which is unsuitable/unusual for/during lunch break\n\nI might translate `昼休み中に` as `for lunch break` in this specific case, although\nin most cases `during lunch break` is definitely the obvious choice. However,\nthe point I really want to make though is that `unusual for lunch break` is\nmaybe not as strange as you seem to be suggesting it is, at least assuming the\nspeaker in this case is a student.\n\nThe sentence appears to be saying that this person was called out to an\n\"unusual\" place to be during lunch break, presumably in the sense that it's\nnot the kind of place you would expect students to be at that time. This makes\nsense for a school route; by definition we only expect students to be there in\nthe morning/evening.\n\nA much looser (but easier to understand) translation of the first sentence:\n\n> The meeting place was on my route to school, the last place I expected to be\n> during lunch break",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-17T00:39:35.470",
"id": "73919",
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73918
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73919
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73919
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "73943",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In these two sentences, I would've thought に would be used in place, but\ninstead を is used? When is it appropriate to use either?\n\nA: 反対側【はんたいがわ】50メートルあたり **を** 探【さが】して！ Search around 50 metres on the opposite\nside!\n\nB: もし会【あ】ったらグレース **を** どうするつもりですか？ What are you planning to do **to** Grace if\nwe see her?\n\nShouldn't **に** be used in both of these to indicate the direction?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-17T03:46:46.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73921",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-18T17:26:48.627",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "36594",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "When can を be replaced with に?",
"view_count": 153
}
|
[
{
"body": "I read that に is used for indicating places of existence, target recipient [of\nsomething], the occasion, or the source of receiving an item. (There may be\nsome I have missed.) I also read that を is for objects of a transitive verb\n(meaning a verb that needs something to receive the action it indicates). If I\nremember or know correctly, の is used before a prepositional noun like\n横｛よこ｝(side)、近｛ちか｝く(near)、東｛ひがし｝(east)、南｛みなみ｝(south)、北｛きた｝(north)、or\n西｛にし｝(west) in examples such as フィリピンの南｛みなみ｝(South of the\nPhilippines)、日本｛にほん｝の北(North of Japan)、電車｛でんしゃ｝の近く(Near the train) 、 etcetera.\nI hope this helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-17T11:24:18.900",
"id": "73923",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-17T11:24:18.900",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"body": "Well, generally every language has some quirks in its grammar, but as for your\nexamples, を is the only option and に is never used. I sense from your\nstatement \"I would've thought に would be used in place, but instead を is used\"\nthat you may think or be taught that case particles each represent some kind\nof \"universal\" trait, but they are actually decided by loose conventional\nrules much like English choice of prepositions, that you can't make nearly\nperfect prediction from its meaning.\n\n> A: 反対側50メートルあたり **を** 探して！\n\n探す indeed has two kinds of noun alignment: `[target]を[place]で探す` and\n`[place]を探す` but neither can take に. You wouldn't see it except as a part of\nadverb: 効率的 **に** 探す.\n\n> B: もし会ったらグレース **を** どうするつもりですか？\n\nDon't be fooled by the English translation. The answer you expect for \"What do\nyou do to Grace?\" would usually not be \"I _do [noun] to_ Grace.\" but \"I\n_[verb]_ Grace.\", isn't it? In that case, you use the phrase \"do what\" to\nasking another verb; it is a [pro-verb](https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-\nat-play/what-is-a-pro-verb-definition-how-to-use), more specifically,\n[interrogative\nverb](http://phonetics.linguistics.ucla.edu/wpl/issues/wpl17/papers/32_munro.pdf).\n\nEnglish speakers have to work around the lack of pure interrogative verb by\nforming an expression \"do what\" (i.e. \"what\" as dummy object) and push the\noriginal object out as indirect \"to\" argument. Japanese doesn't have one\neither, but fortunately we have どうする (どう is an adverb) that doesn't take up\nthe object slot, so that the true object remains the object.\n\n> グレース **を** どうするつもりですか？ vs _What are you going to do **to Grace**?_\n>\n> グレース **を** 家に帰します vs _I will send **Grace** back home._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T17:26:48.627",
"id": "73943",
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}
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73921
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73943
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73943
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "73926",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The scene: A boy plays a ghita on the street to earn money then a bunch of\nyakuzas show up. They steal his ghita and say:\n\nYakuza1: \"わしらのしま で. 何 勝手しとんじゃい\" (This is our turf. You think you can do\nwhatever you like?)\n\nYakuza2:\"ショバ代払えね ならよォー 足りねー分は\"\n\nThe yakuza 2 being hit by someone right after saying the sentence.\n\nDoes the sentence of the yakuza 2 means \" If you pay for protection, you don't\nhave enough minute...\" Or \" You must pay us money for protection. If you don't\nhave enough minute...?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-17T10:44:50.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73922",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-17T14:19:41.390",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-17T12:10:58.607",
"last_editor_user_id": "36597",
"owner_user_id": "36597",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of this Japanese sentence?",
"view_count": 179
}
|
[
{
"body": "> ショバ代払えね ならよォー 足りねー[分]{ぶん}は\n\nThe [分]{ぶん} is not \"minute\" ([分]{ふん/ぷん}) but \"amount\", \"part\".\n\n払えねなら (払えねーなら) means 払え **ない** なら, \"if you can't pay\".\n\nYou're right that 足りねー分 is 足りない分, literally \"the amount that's not enough\" →\nthe rest of the payment, remaining bill, or shortfall, deficit.\n\n\"If you can't pay for protection, the remaining amount...\" [the sentence is\ncut off]",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-17T14:19:41.390",
"id": "73926",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "73922",
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"score": 4
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73922
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73926
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73926
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "73925",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a Japanese children's book I read:\n\n```\n\n のりまきみたいに くるまれば ふかふか ふとんに なるんだもん。\n \n```\n\nFor the sake of analysis, I looked up the kanjis (correct me if they're\nwrong):\n\n```\n\n 海苔巻きみたいに包まればふかふか布団になるんだもん。\n \n```\n\nFrom the context, it should mean something along the lines, \"I can wrap it up\nlike a Nori roll and it becomes a soft mattress.\"\n\nHowever, two things are unclear to me: First, is くるまれば really a form of 包まる?\nIf so, what verb form is it? jisho.org does not have it in its list of\ninflections. What does this form mean, when do I use it?\n\nSecond, what does もん mean? Is it a shortened form of 物? How does this word\nalter the sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-17T12:46:34.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73924",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-17T13:47:00.203",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30707",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "のりまきみたいにくるまればふかふかふとんになるんだもん。",
"view_count": 104
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「のりまきみたいに くるまれば ふかふか ふとんに なるんだもん」\n\nSince more context was definitely needed to discuss this sentence, I searched\nand found out [here](https://ameblo.jp/newsongs/entry-10005844616.html) that\nthis is about a **_girl with extremely long black hair_**. That piece of\ninformation is of much importance and the preceding sentence is:\n\n> 「そとにだって ねられるの。」\n\nUsing kanji, we have:\n\n> 「外にだって寝られるの。のり巻きみたいに包まればふかふかふとんにになるんだもん。」\n\nThe 「もん/もの」 should be written in **kana** because it is a sentence-ending\nparticle meaning roughly \"because\".\n\n> First, is くるまれば really a form of 包まる? If so, what verb form is it?\n\n「包まれば」 is simply the conditional form of 「包まる」 meaning \" **if I am wrapped\nup** \". It is used when talking hypothetically about getting wrapped up in\nsomething. In this case, that something is the girl's own long hair. See what\nI mean when I say I could never have answered this (seemingly simple) question\nwithout more context?\n\nMy own TL:\n\n> \"I can even sleep outside. (That's because) if I am wrapped up in (my long\n> hair) like a sushi roll, it turns into a fluffy futon.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-17T13:47:00.203",
"id": "73925",
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}
] |
73924
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73925
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73925
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73928",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found some similar questions regarding Japanese switching out relatively\n\"easy\" kanji for hiragana, but I still can't seem to understand why it's done.\n\nI saw this sentence from a movie:\n\n> 参加される方は 私についてきてください\n\nIt was confusing to me because I had to recall ついて on it's own, but if it was\nwritten as 付いて, I would have understood because of the hint that kanji can\nprovide.\n\nNeedless to say I am a beginner, but I would like to learn why these changes\nare done.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-17T18:26:48.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73927",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-01T13:42:42.163",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-17T19:28:28.867",
"last_editor_user_id": "14544",
"owner_user_id": "35680",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"hiragana",
"spelling"
],
"title": "Why \"ついてきてください\" and not \"付いてきてください\"",
"view_count": 181
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are many instances where this happens in Japanese. For whatever reason,\nsometimes the Kanji is not used with a word.\n\nHere's a few examples:\n\n> ありがとう (normal) \n> 有り難う (kanji form)\n>\n> よろしくおねがいします (normal) \n> 宜しくお願いします (kanji form)\n>\n> こんにちは (normal) \n> 今日は (kanji form)\n\nOff the top of my head there are four reasons why this happens (possibly\nmore).\n\n 1. Kanji is sometimes omitted from specific words to avoid using too much kanji in text, as sometimes it can be intimidating to see too much kanji in a sentence.\n 2. Sometimes kanji isn't used to make things easier for kids/laymen to read.\n 3. Sometimes a conjugated form doesn't fully mean the same thing as the plain form.\n 4. Sometimes the kanji isn't used because of tradition.\n\nOf the cases listed above, in this circumstance, what you are seeing here is\nlikely the result of case 3 (and possibly 4 as well). This kanji is usually\ntaught to 4th grade elementary school kids, so it isn't hard for most Japanese\npeople.\n\n[付く](https://jisho.org/search/%E4%BB%98%E3%81%8F) (usually written つく) has the\nmeaning `to accompany; to attend; to follow` (see definition 6). This\nparticular meaning of つく is usually written without kanji to avoid confusion\nwith [付く](https://jisho.org/search/%E4%BB%98%E3%81%8F) (which usually uses the\nkanji), meaning `to be attached; to be connected with; to adhere; to stick; to\ncling` (see definition 1). While the two words do technically have the same\nkanji, the [meaning of the\nkanji](https://jisho.org/search/%E4%BB%98%20%23kanji) is just different enough\nfrom 'to follow' that it is left off in these circumstances.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-01-17T19:11:33.130",
"id": "73928",
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73927
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73928
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{
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"body": "Some Japanese comic book titles are a challenge to translate to English, and\nthis one might be the most challenging title I have come across so far.\n\nI looked around on the Internet in the hopes of finding something that would\nexplain what it means. This is what I found.\n\n> 乱飛乱外 (Reading) らんぴらんがい\n>\n> Carefully selected edition Japan National Language Unabridged Dictionary’s\n> explanation\n>\n> らんぴ-らんがい…ラングヮイ【乱飛乱外】\n>\n> [[N.]] (Adjectival Noun) (also “らんびらんがい”) The act of flying around in\n> confusion. The state of moving around here and there. Incidentally, the\n> state of being disorderly. Moreover, the state of being lawless. The state\n> of being violent. らっぴらんがい. らっぴらんごく. らんごく. [Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam\n> (1603-04)]\n\nSource:\n<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%B9%B1%E9%A3%9B%E4%B9%B1%E5%A4%96-2092323#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8>\n\n> らっぴ乱外 (Reading) らっぴらんがい\n>\n> Carefully selected edition Japan National Language Unabridged Dictionary’s\n> explanation\n>\n> らっぴ‐らんがい ‥ラングヮイ【らっぴ乱外】\n>\n> [[N.]] (Adjectival Noun) A corrupted word for “らんぴらんがい (乱飛乱外)”....\n\nSource:\n<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%B4%E4%B9%B1%E5%A4%96-2092202>\n\n> らっぴらんごく\n>\n> Carefully selected edition Japan National Language Unabridged Dictionary’s\n> explanation\n>\n> らっぴ‐らんごく\n>\n> [[N.]] (Adjectival Noun) = らんぴらんがい (乱飛乱外)....\n\nSource:\n<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%B4%E3%82%89%E3%82%93%E3%81%94%E3%81%8F-2092203>\n\n> らんごく\n>\n> Carefully selected edition Japan National Language Unabridged Dictionary’s\n> explanation\n>\n> らん‐ごく\n>\n> [[N.]] (Adjectival Noun) (abbreviation of “らっぴらんごく”) = らんぴらんがい (乱飛乱外)....\n\nSource:\n<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%89%E3%82%93%E3%81%94%E3%81%8F-2092259>\n\nIt turns out that Weblio does not even have an entry on “乱飛乱外”\n(らんぴらんがい/らっぴらんがい). Still, thanks to Kotobank, I was able to find out what the\nword is supposed to mean. Not only that, but I found out that らっぴらんがい, which\nis the reading of the comic book title, is a corrupted form of らんぴらんがい.\n\nFor those of you who have not read this comic book, please allow me to\nsummarize the plot. It takes place during Japan's Warring States Period (or\nSengoku Period, if you prefer). A young boy named Raizou is an outcast due to\nthe horn on his head. One day, he finds an unconscious young lady in a river\nand nurses her back to health. She is a female ninja named Kagari, and she has\nbeen searching for him. Raizou is the heir of a fallen clan and she is his\nservant. After that, they meet two more female ninjas (well, one of the two is\nactually a young man dressing as a young lady...long story) and work to\nrestore his clan. The plot focuses on them travelling to various parts of the\ncountry and try to get Raizou married to more than one princess. Oh, and they\nfight against a group of people who are trying to take over the other clans.\n\nLike I said, I am trying to translate “乱飛乱外” to English. Right now, I think\nthe title might be something like “The State of Being Lawless and Violent”.\n\nI hope native Japanese speakers can help me with this. I look forward to your\nhelp!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T01:47:36.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73929",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-18T16:02:55.773",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is there a good way to translate the Japanese comic book title “乱飛乱外” to English?",
"view_count": 151
}
|
[
{
"body": "While my English is not as good to propose a translation phrase, I hope I can\ngive some clues on what a Japanese reader would think of on this title.\n\n 1. **It's archaic** ; I must confess that this is the first time I have ever seen the word, and it's not a common word at all today. As the dictionary cites 日葡辞書, which was compiled near the end of the Sengoku period, we can see that the author probably chooses it on purpose for a word reminiscent of that time. FYI The latter half of the Sengoku period is about the same time when Shakespeare lived.\n\n 2. **It's playful** ; it may look like a big Chinese word at first sight, but actually sounds rather vivid and light-hearted due to its alliteration. It reminds me, in a sense, such English morphology like _willy-nilly_ , or otherwise _flabbergast_ , which is made of a chain of syllables not directly linked to the meaning.\n\n 3. **Possible reference to ninja** ; since many ninjas figure in the plot, I suspect the word form らっぴらんがい is intended to have some connection with 乱破（らっぱ）, one of synonyms of ninja.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T16:02:55.773",
"id": "73941",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-18T16:02:55.773",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "73929",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
73929
| null |
73941
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73932",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've been reading the light novels ひげを剃る and a lot of the furigana use\nconfuses me. For context, not every kanji has furigana- I'd say like 20% of\nthe kanji per page have it.\n\nThey use it for complicated words that seem like they should have it, like\n茫然自失｛ぼうぜんじしつ｝、but then also with random common words like\n笑顔｛えがお｝、一緒｛いっしょ｝に、吐｛は｝く、大丈夫｛だいじょうぶ｝、違｛ちが｝う etc.\n\nGiven the themes of the story I'd assume it's targeted to young adults, so why\ndoes it give the readings for really common words in addition to ones that\nlook complicated, at least to me?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T02:25:31.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73930",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-18T05:29:06.710",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-18T05:29:06.710",
"last_editor_user_id": "30841",
"owner_user_id": "30841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"furigana"
],
"title": "Why would a light novel have furigana for common kanji?",
"view_count": 1471
}
|
[
{
"body": "It seems they add furigana to kanji that are not taught in elementary school\n(小学校).\n\n緒、吐、丈、違 are not taught in elementary school. (参考:\n[学年別漢字配当表](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%B9%B4%E5%88%A5%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%85%8D%E5%BD%93%E8%A1%A8))\n\n[笑]{わら}う is taught in 4年生, but the readings [笑]{え}む、[笑]{しょう}、[笑顔]{えがお} are\ntaught in junior high school (中学校). (See pages 24 and 51 in\n[音訓の小・中・高等学校段階別割り振り表 平成２９年３月](https://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/new-\ncs/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2017/05/15/1385768.pdf))",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T03:24:16.753",
"id": "73931",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-18T03:35:08.537",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-18T03:35:08.537",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "73930",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
},
{
"body": "In general, furigana rules tends to be determined on a per-magazine or per-\n_bunko_ -label basis, and the theme of each title is not always relevant.\nTitles published in 少年向け (\"for early-teens\") labels/magazines, such as 週刊ジャンプ,\nhave lots of furigana even though individual titles sometimes contain adult-\noriented themes. Titles belonging to ヤング/青年向け (for high-teens and young\nadults, such as ヤングジャンプ) or 大人/成年向け (for adults) labels/magazines tend to have\nmuch less furigana even though some titles are safe for children.\n\n[角川スニーカー文庫](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%B7%9D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E6%96%87%E5%BA%AB),\nas a sub-label of 角川文庫, has historically targeted at 少年 generations, so I\nexpect more furigana than average. I checked some titles [listed\nhere](https://sneakerbunko.jp/product/), and found that many titles of this\nlabel are like ひげを剃る, too, although there seemed to be exceptions.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T03:38:12.140",
"id": "73932",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-18T04:20:14.513",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-18T04:20:14.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "73930",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
73930
|
73932
|
73931
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I sometimes hear japanese natives say a sentence without using the を topic\nparticle. For example, 「ご飯食べる」or 「お茶入れる」as opposed to 「ご飯 **を** 食べる」and 「お茶\n**を** 入れる」\n\nIs it a norm for japanese to neglect to を when speaking? Will the sentence be\nunderstandable 100% of the time?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T05:25:28.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73934",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-18T05:25:28.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36603",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Saying a sentence without pronouncing the を particle",
"view_count": 45
}
|
[] |
73934
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From what I gathered, there are many ways to request something of someone. For\nexample, consider: \n1. 伝えてくれませんか \n2. 伝えてくれれば助かります (This sounds like _if you relay (the message), I will be saved_ , but my colleagues told me it's more like saying thanks, so its real translation is _I will be thankful if you relay the message_ ) \n3. 伝えてくれれば感謝します (This sounds exactly like sentence 2, but I have never heard it before for some reason) \n4. 伝えて欲しいなぁ (This sounds like I am forcing someone to do something) \n5. 伝えてください (Translates to _please relay the message_ , but sounds like I am forcing again, such that he doesn't have a choice) \n6. 伝えてくれるといい\n\nSo now the question is, under which circumstances should I say each sentence?\nI'm looking for a semi casual-ish style (to put it in a fashion sense, almost\nlike a man wearing a polo shirt and jeans to work instead of a full body\nsuit), and also one that doesn't give the impression that I am forcing someone\nto do something (like in sentence 4 and 5).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T07:04:46.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73935",
"last_activity_date": "2023-05-18T18:08:06.013",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-18T07:37:14.590",
"last_editor_user_id": "9971",
"owner_user_id": "36603",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "The many ways to request something from someone else",
"view_count": 303
}
|
[
{
"body": "１。伝えてくれませんか。→ Formally works everywhere.\n\n２。伝えてくれれば助かります。→ To say formally but more like \"It will be nice if you relay\nthe message\". I think you already explained it nicely.\n\n３。伝えてくれれば感謝します。→ Yes, this is exactly like 2., but more in \"asking\" attitude.\nI would say \"It will be very nice if you relay the message\". Of course the\ndirect translation is \"I will thank you if you relay the message\", but this is\nnot a good translation.\n\n４。伝えて欲しいな。→ This is more informal and not really asking. (not forcing, of\ncourse) Direct translation is : \"I wish he(but actually he is the one who you\nare talking to) relay the message\". So it just specifies the wish, not really\nasking. Of course this is often used when two speakers are close each other,\nand can be rude if you are in formal relationship.\n\n５。伝えてください。→ Also formally works, but compare to 1., this is when you have the\nrules to control. And yes, as you said, it can sound more forcing, so people\nuse often 1..\n\n６。伝えてくれるといい。→ This is mostly used when you are superior to other in terms of\n先輩（せんぱい）、先生（せんせい）,etc. Directly, it is not asking anything, but of course you\nare asking something to the listener. You can use this to your close friends\nor coworkers as well, but not to someone who you just met in formal place.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T13:46:35.910",
"id": "73940",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-18T13:46:35.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36036",
"parent_id": "73935",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
73935
| null |
73940
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I see that しかも and それで usually connect 2 sentence together. But I see them\nplace at the beginning in Yes-No questions.\n\n1)\"しかも歌うんかい\"\n\n2)\"それで上手いんかい\"\n\nDoes it mean 1) \"(Moreover) is he singing?\" and 2) \"(So) Is it good?\" ?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T10:25:55.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73936",
"last_activity_date": "2023-05-20T15:02:25.400",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36597",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Meaning of しかも and それで in Yes-No question",
"view_count": 186
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would say\n\n１）しかも歌うんかい→（Moreover) Is he singing? (in informal words, I would say 'is he\nsinging lol') Is correct interpretation.\n\n2) それて上手いんかい→ I would say this interpretation does not suffice. それで上手いんかい\nusually follows up after he/she has done something extraordinary before. In\nenglish interpretation, I will say '(after some extraordinary action) and he\nis good at it?'\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T13:23:04.330",
"id": "73939",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-18T13:23:04.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36036",
"parent_id": "73936",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
73936
| null |
73939
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I'm looking for some assistance in understanding the second line in the below\nas I am not quite sure what 果たせる is referring to (I know what 果たす means in\ne.g. 目的を果たす). I am not sure if there is something in context that I am missing\nor not.\n\nTo provide some basic context、the village chief wants the young ones to leave\nthe village and see the outside world (The one currently talking is actually\nsomeone who has come from the outside world, and the village chief has asked\nhim to take her outside with him). They ask to stay and he thought that they\nwere only saying this because they thought it was their responsibility to stay\nin the village. They clear up his misunderstanding about why they want to stay\nin the village.\n\n> 「ですから、村長さん。送り出すのではなくて、どうか許しをください」\n>\n> 「 **果たせることが出来たなら** 、どうか、俺たちがここで暮らすことを許してください――」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T16:18:57.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73942",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-18T16:18:57.527",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35687",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 果たせることが出来たなら",
"view_count": 79
}
|
[] |
73942
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was studying the grammar for かもしれない and I found the following example:\n\n> あなた **では** 間に合わないかもしれない。\n\nThe translation given for this sentence is...\n\n> \"You might not get there in time.\"\n\nAnd then I got confused 'cause I thought that the meaning was:\n\n> \"He might not be with you on time\"\n\nwhy? Because of the で particle since it could also mean \"with\" (with you, with\nhim, etc.) But maybe the person who wrote this put that で by mistake. \nBecause I can't understand what で does in this sentence. \nPlease help me",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T18:48:10.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73945",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T03:07:07.927",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-19T03:07:07.927",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36169",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "What does あなたでは mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 157
}
|
[
{
"body": "Considering just the bare sentence and your given translation, I would think\nof something like:\n\n> あなたでは間に合わないかもしれない。 You might not get there in time \"by yourself\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T19:13:27.213",
"id": "73947",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-18T19:13:27.213",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36542",
"parent_id": "73945",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
73945
| null |
73947
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73957",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the contribution of 「とか」 to the meaning of the sentence? And what is\nthe meaning of construction 「違ってくる」?\n\n> 漢字は一緒でも読み方 **とか** が全然 **違ってくる** の本当、凄いですよね。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T19:47:22.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73948",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T08:53:33.050",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-19T08:53:33.050",
"last_editor_user_id": "35362",
"owner_user_id": "36339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of とか in the sentence?",
"view_count": 1152
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「漢字{かんじ}は一緒{いっしょ}でも読{よ}み方{かた} **とか** が全然{ぜんぜん} **違{ちが}ってくる**\n> の本当{ほんとう}、凄{すご}いですよね。」\n\n「とか」 functions to give a single (or primary) example of what is being talked\nabout. Here that example is the 「読み方」 (\"readings\" or \"pronunciations\" of the\nsame kanji).\n\n「読み方とか」, therefore, means \" **things such as readings/pronunciations** \".\n\nRoughly speaking, 「とか」 is the colloquial and informal version of 「など」.\n\nMoving on...\n\n「違ってくる」 is a common verb phrase meaning \" **to come/result in a variety of\npatterns/styles** \".\n\nFor those wondering what the 「の」 is doing there in 「違ってくるの」, it is a\nnominalizer. It nominalizes the verb phrase 「違ってくる」 to use it as the\ngrammatical subject of the sentence. The topic marker 「って」 or 「は」 is left\nunsaid after the 「違ってくるの」 as this is 100% colloquial/informal speech to begin\nwith.\n\n> \"With even the same kanji, things such as pronunciations come in a wide\n> variety of patterns, which is really amazing, isn't it?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T04:57:09.337",
"id": "73957",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T05:48:31.563",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-19T05:48:31.563",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73948",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
73948
|
73957
|
73957
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73956",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the sense of “outdoors,” is there any difference in meaning between 野外 and\n屋外? Neither Nelson’s character dictionary nor Jisho.org indicate any obvious\ndifference beyond the following second meaning for 野外:\n\n> 野【や】外【がい】 \n> n., の adj. outdoors; outside; open air \n> n. fields; outskirts; suburbs\n\n> 屋外 【おくがい】 \n> n., の adj. outdoors; outside",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T22:55:37.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73949",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T03:03:56.100",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-19T02:44:25.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27152",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "Is there any difference in meaning between 野外 and 屋外?",
"view_count": 294
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes. There is the difference what environment to be mentioned. However, I\nthink the difference is already almost listed up in the definition you gave.\n\n**野外{やがい}** seems corresponding really well between English and Japanese. But,\n\"suburbs\" is bit odd to me. If you are in 「野外{やがい}」, there should be few\nbuildings around you. So, the word is not really relevant to residential area.\n\n「野外{やがい}フェスティバル」is held normally nearby mountains or parks. However, a rock\nfestival called [\"Summer Sonic\"](https://www.summersonic.com/2019/) is\nnormally held in [\"Marine Stadium in\nChiba\"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zozo_Marine_Stadium) which is not far\naway from business district. But, the stadium is open-air. So, the festival\nshould be categorized in 野外{やがい}フェスティバル.\n\n**屋外{おくがい}** is used to describe for \"outside the building\". So, the word only\n_\"outdoors\"_ is bit odd to me. The dictionary probably wants to say things\nlike\n[屋外広告{おくがいこうこく}](https://www.google.com/search?q=%E5%B1%8B%E5%A4%96%E5%BA%83%E5%91%8A&client=firefox-\nb-d&sxsrf=ACYBGNQ3BCrTQ3qiaS6sdQEaa1WkOwP5gQ:1579401277652&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiw1fKg0I7nAhU-\nxYsBHbfHA4QQ_AUoAnoECCsQBA&biw=1920&bih=961) : [Out of home/ Outdoor\nadvertising](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-home_advertising).\n\nIn English, the word _\"outdoors\"_ seems just outside the building. But I\nbelieve it is often used to describe for hiking area where there are few\nbuildings.\n\n**戸外{こがい}** , a similar word, is used to describe outside the residential\nhouse.\n\nThe picture below is an explanation I have found and I believe this is a\nstandard interpretation.\n\n[Reference and source of the picture : 野外と屋外と戸外の違いとは](https://zatugaku-\ngimonn.com/entry279.html)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/reKeS.png)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T02:37:28.250",
"id": "73956",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T03:03:56.100",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-19T03:03:56.100",
"last_editor_user_id": "34735",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "73949",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73949
|
73956
|
73956
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\n\nMy aunt sent this symbol/emblem to my brother which comes from our japanese\nside of the family. But I would like to know what it actually means.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T23:02:47.810",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73950",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-18T23:13:22.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36612",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Can anyone tell me what this means?",
"view_count": 71
}
|
[
{
"body": "Possibly 齋{さい}藤{とう} : Saitō (Japanese surname)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T23:13:22.330",
"id": "73951",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-18T23:13:22.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36613",
"parent_id": "73950",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
73950
| null |
73951
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "In romaji, the ways that verbs inflect is fairly straightforward to indicate.\nFor example, if you wanted to describe the process under which 五段動詞｛ごだんどうし｝\nchange from 辞書形｛じしょけい｝ to 可能形｛かのうけい｝. One could say something like the\nfollowing.\n\n> Replace the \"-u\" with \"-eru.\"\n\nExample: 飲む｛のむ｝ → 飲める\n\nOf course, this is assuming that we're aware of and abide by the linguistic\nrules of Japanese pronunciation, which means things like that if you have a\n\"-tsu\" ending and want to replace \"-u\" with \"-eru\", this really means to\nchange \"-tsu\" to \"-teru,\" not \"-tseru.\"\n\nIf you wanted to make a note like this in Japanese, however, it's a little\nawkward.\n\n> 「～う」というのを「～える」というのに変｛か｝えてください。\n\nIt's awkward because this rule really applies to the u/e sounds and not the\nう・え kana specifically. For instance, if you wanted to apply this rule to the\nverb 飲む, it might be unclear what it means to replace 「～う」 with something when\nthe kana う is not present.\n\nHow, in Japanese, does one denote in a short note form something like the\n\"Replace the -u with -eru.\" sentence I indicated above?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-18T23:35:29.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73952",
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"owner_user_id": "33505",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kana",
"casual"
],
"title": "How to denote particular kana sounds in Japanese?",
"view_count": 139
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can use **段【だん】** (literally \"column\") to refer to the vowel of a kana.\nFor example, エ段のカタカナ refers to エ, ケ, テ, and so on. (As an aside, 行【ぎょう】 refers\nto \"row\", i.e., consonant. ダ行のカタカナ refers to ダ, ヂ, ヅ, デ and ド.)\n\nWith this, the idea of:\n\n> Replace the \"-u\" with \"-eru.\"\n\ncan be conveyed like so:\n\n> * 最後の文字の母音をウ段からエ段に変えて「る」を付ける\n> * 活用語尾をエ段に変えてルを足す\n>\n\nOf course, native Japanese speakers usually don't need a sentence like this,\nand someone who can read a sentence like this can also read romaji, too.\nJapanese Wikipedia [doesn't explain this conjugation\nrule](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E) :)",
"comment_count": 0,
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73952
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"body": "Frequently, て (te form) is used to indicate simultaneous, sequential, or\ncausal relationships between the part of the sentence that comes before and\nthe part of the sentence that comes after.\n\nOrdinarily, what follows て is a clause that could otherwise stand alone. For\nexample, a full sentence, just a verb or just an adjective. Some standard\npatterns are below. Everything after the ＋ in each of these cases could\nfunction as a standalone idea.\n\n～て＋くれる\n\n～て＋ください\n\n～て＋あげる\n\n～て＋もらう\n\n～て＋ある\n\n～て＋いる\n\n～て＋いく\n\n～て＋くる\n\n～て＋みる\n\n～て＋おく\n\n～て＋しまう\n\n～て＋ほしい\n\nIn addition to these standard patterns, you of course have the flexibility to\ncreate your own sentence combinations. For example:\n\n> この人は綺麗で、有名だ。\n>\n> 安くなくて、買わなかった。\n\nAgain, what is listed after て・で is a standalone sentence.\n\nHowever, what seems to break this pattern are constructions like the following\nthree.\n\n～て＋から\n\n～て＋も\n\n～て＋は＋いけない\n\nWhat exactly is going on here? Is the て form in these patterns somehow being\nused as a way to nominalize the first part of the sentence in the same way as\nの or こと might?\n\nFor example, could I technically make the following changes without a\ndifference in meaning, even if not a very natural/standard phrasing? I'm\nmostly trying to understand exactly what て form means here, and if my\nsuspicions about て being a very specific-use clause nominalizer are correct.\n\n * スパーに行ってから、家に帰った。 → スパーに行ったのから、家に帰った。\n\n * 一緒に映画を見てもいい？ → 一緒に映画を見るのもいい？\n\n * 話してはいけない → 話すのはいけない\n\nIn all these examples, what comes after て is **not** a standalone sentence.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T00:10:08.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73953",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "33505",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "Understanding て＋助詞",
"view_count": 217
}
|
[
{
"body": "I am not sure this will be an answer to your question, but I couldn't fit all\nmy thoughts into a comment.\n\nFirst, in regard the examples you asked about:\n\n> For example, could I technically make the following changes without a\n> difference in meaning, even if not a very natural/standard phrasing?\n\nIn short, no.\n\n * `スパーに行ったのから` is borderline ungrammatical and looks like you were trying to give a reason with `スパーに行ったんだから`. (changing this to `スパーに行った事から` does not make it viable)\n * `一緒に映画を見るのもいい`is weird as a question, and the nuances are different from `見てもいい`. `一緒に映画を見るのもいい` sounds like a suggestion to me, in the vein of \"watching a movie together would be fun too\".\n * `話すのはいけない` this gets the closest to the original meaning, but is certainly less natural than `話してはいけない`, at least for directly telling people what they can or can't do. A native speaker may have to weigh in on differences in nuance. \n\nSpeaking really broadly, I think that the て form (テ形) is just not as\nsystematic as you or I might like it to be. The relationship between whatever\ncomes after the テ形 verb and what came before it _depends on what comes after\nit_. I deal with this by thinking of `ておく`, `てほしい`, etc. each as their own\nconstruction.\n\nEdit: please also see a very related answer\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18965/7705).\n\n**If that's all you needed, feel free to stop reading now.** If you remain\nunconvinced, I have addressed some of your supporting examples below.\n\nYour wrote:\n\n> Ordinarily, what follows て is a clause that could otherwise stand alone.\n\nbut I'm not sure the example words you gave actually agree with this\nstatement. While they can arguably stand alone from a purely syntactic point\nof view, I'm not sure this is a useful definition of \"stand alone\" because\nthey end up meaning something completely different. For example, with\n[おく](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%8A%E3%81%8F), its use as an auxiliary\nverb (when it comes attached to a テ形 verb) has a totally different meaning\nthan its use as a standalone verb. Without getting into a debate about how to\ndelineate words, I am pretty comfortable calling the auxiliary verb `て＋おく` a\ndifferent word from the transitive verb`を＋おく`, and this pattern applies to\nsome degree to all of your examples.\n\nEven when separate clauses follow the テ形 verb, they are typically either a\nresult of the preceding clause or sequentially come after it. See\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/61372/differentiate-a-\ncause-from-a-succession-of-terms-in-a-sentence-\nusing-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A6-%E3%81%A7/61377#61377). In your second\nsentence example, the second clause (買わなかった) is clearly causally linked to the\nfirst.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T20:29:35.237",
"id": "73978",
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73953
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73978
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "73958",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have noticed that “☆” appears in Japanese stories.\n\nFor example, the Japanese comic book titled “La☆BlueGirl”. The title is also\nwritten as ラ・ブルー・ガール. I get the impression that “☆” is a stylish version of\n“・”.\n\nI have also observed that some Japanese have one character (usually a female\ncharacter) whose lines will contain “☆”. Does the symbol indicate the\ncharacter's personality? Does it help her to stand out from the other\ncharacters?\n\nIf anyone can explain the significance of the white star, I would greatly\nappreciate it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T00:56:33.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73954",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T09:19:39.517",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"symbols"
],
"title": "What is the significance of the ☆ symbol?",
"view_count": 7075
}
|
[
{
"body": "The star symbols (☆★) have many distinct usages (from near-formal to informal)\nas a pair of typographical symbols which were available from the first edition\nof Japanese character set standard.\n\nOne of the usages of the white star can be named \"pop-ification\", which\ncontributes little to the meaning, but adds some overall atmosphere of an\noutgoing kind of cheerfulness.\n\nYour observation:\n\n> “☆” is a stylish version of “・”\n\ncaptures the essence very well. It is typically seen in [proper\nnames](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E2%98%86#h2-2) of songs, works, groups, and\npeople (pseudonyms). It doesn't need to replace a specific symbol, but can be\ninserted in the middle of any conceived \"breaking point\" as if a versatile\ndivider (聖☆おにいさん or even 遊☆戯☆王).\n\nThe second example you mentioned is something like a sentence-final emoticon.\nIt gives the (often exaggerated) impression of \"sunshine\", \"life of the\nparty\", \"kawaii\", \"airhead\", \"(feigned) innocent\", and so on, attributed to\neither the person's character or the tone of speech. Cf.\n[キラッ☆](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E2%98%86)\n\nExamples from BCCWJ:\n\n> や〜ん☆ 美味しいよぉ〜☆ お肉柔らか〜い☆ オクラがネバネバしてな〜い☆ \n> 手づくりの雰囲気たっぷりの、ステキ空間☆ \n> 転載の場合は、コピーして貼り付け出来ます☆ \n> 熱く語りながらのディナー☆ 楽しかったです☆☆☆\n\nAs an aside, while ☆ stands for the \"light side\" (mainstream) of such\nemotions, the black variation ★ is often employed for the \"dark side\" (nerdy,\n中二病) counterpart.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T05:36:49.830",
"id": "73958",
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"score": 5
}
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73954
|
73958
|
73958
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "73961",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> やっとお許しが出て、物置から出してもらった時には、もう夏休みが始まっていた。 \n> When he was finally forgiven and allowed to come out of his cupboard the\n> summer holidays had already begun. \n>\n> ダドリーは、買ってもらったばかりの８ミリカメラをとっくに壊し、ラジコン飛行機も墜落させ、おまけに、レース用自転車に初めて乗ったその日に、プリベット通りを松葉杖で横切っていたフィッグばあさんにぶつかって、\n> **転倒させてしまうという事件も終わっていた** 。 \n> Dudley had already broken the camera he'd just been bought, crashed the\n> radio controlled plane, and on top of all that, on the day he rode his\n> racing bike for the first time he crashed into Mrs Fig, who was crossing\n> Privet road on crutches, and _the incident in which she got knocked down had\n> ended._\n\nI can't understand how 終わる is being used in this sentence. My translation of\nthe final clause makes no sense. I'm not even sure if 事件 is the subject or\nobject of the verb.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T09:42:29.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73960",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T10:29:43.150",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-19T10:05:39.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Strange use of 終わる",
"view_count": 248
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think they meant to say...\n\n> 「～～時には、・・・終わっていた。」 \n> \"By the time~~, had (already) done... / had (already) gone through...\"\n\n> 物置から出してもらった時には、Aし、Bし、Cも終わっていた。 \n> \"By the time he (=Harry) was finally forgiven and allowed to come out of\n> his cupboard... Dudley had already done A, B, and C.\"\n\nでも、あんまり美しい日本語（翻訳）じゃないような気がします。。。",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T10:19:40.500",
"id": "73961",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T10:29:43.150",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-19T10:29:43.150",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "73960",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73960
|
73961
|
73961
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73969",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When counting duration in months, is it ~ヶ月間or just ~ヶ月? Example:\n\n * 私はもう六ヶ月ぐらい日本語を勉強しています。\n * ジルと暮らした四ヶ月間\n\n( btw I don't know what the second example means I just took it from my\ntextbook so I would appreciate it if someone could help me translate it )\n\nAre both of these sentences correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T11:26:48.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73962",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T15:50:33.340",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36615",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"time"
],
"title": "Counting Duration of Months",
"view_count": 432
}
|
[
{
"body": "Either way is fine. The \"rules\" regarding this are a bit irregular.\n\n**「間{かん}」 optional with:**\n\n秒、分、日、月、年\n\n**「間」 needed with:**\n\n時、週\n\nThis is because for instance, 1時 and 1時間 mean completely different things --\n\"1 o'clock\" and \"one hour\", respectively.\n\nWe say something like 「3週連続で」 (\"for three consecutive weeks\") without a 「間」 as\na set phrase, but 「第三週」 means \"the third week of a month\". Thus, to refer\nspecifically to a period of 3 weeks, we say 「3週間」 virtually every time.\n\nThus, the sentence:\n\n> 「私はもう六ヶ月（間）ぐらい日本語を勉強しています。」\n\n= \"I have already been studying Japanese for about 6 months.\"\n\nis correct with or without a 「間」. With it, it sounds slightly more 'formal' or\n\"official\", but the difference is not that great.\n\nAnd the noun phrase:\n\n> 「ジルと暮らした四ヶ月間（間）」\n\n= \"The 4 months that I lived with Jill.\"\n\nis also correct with or without the 「間」. This is not a sentence. 「ジルと暮らした」 is\na relative clause that modifies the 「四ヶ月間」.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T15:50:33.340",
"id": "73969",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "73962",
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"score": 8
}
] |
73962
|
73969
|
73969
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Most of the grammar sources that I have access to tell me that 場合 can be\npreceded by the 辞書形 or the た形, but none of them explain the semantic\ndifference between the two uses.\n\nThis is clearly not a simple matter of time or completion, because the\nfollowing sentence is given in みんなの日本語:\n\n> カードをなくした場合は、すぐカード会社に連絡してください。\n\nHere, the losing of the card has not yet happened or been completed. Various\nnative speakers have assured me that the same sentence would be valid with なくす\ninstead of なくした but exactly what the difference in meaning would be is not at\nall clear to me.\n\nHow does the use of the た形 and 辞書形 affect the meaning of 場合 sentences of this\nkind?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T11:30:09.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73963",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T18:43:08.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25922",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Difference in meaning of 場合 with 辞書形 and た形",
"view_count": 303
}
|
[
{
"body": "辞書形+場合 means \"In the case someone will do the action\". た形+場合 means \"In the\ncase someone has done the action\".\n\nI think \"カードをなくす場合は、すぐカード会社に連絡してください。\" is unnatural because no one will lose\nthe card deliberately (will have no intention of losing the card). However, if\nyou often lose the card, you can say like this\n\"カードを(よく)なくす場合は、カードを財布の中に入れておきましょう。\".\n\nFor example, in \"切符を買う場合、みどりの窓口で買ってください。\" and \"切符を買った場合、車掌にその切符を見せてください。\", 買う\nand 買った cannot be exchanged.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T14:40:03.653",
"id": "73965",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T18:43:08.810",
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"score": 4
}
] |
73963
| null |
73965
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73970",
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"body": "What is the reading of 0件？ れいけん or ゼロ件？Thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T12:13:55.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73964",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-20T10:34:21.530",
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"owner_user_id": "36618",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "What is the reading of 0件？ れいけん or ゼロ件？Thanks!",
"view_count": 177
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the reading is generally ゼロ件. I found an interesting article about the\ndifference between ゼロ and れい. <https://chigai-\nallguide.com/zero%EF%BC%88%E3%82%BC%E3%83%AD%EF%BC%89%E3%81%A8%E9%9B%B6%EF%BC%88%E3%82%8C%E3%81%84%EF%BC%89/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T15:55:15.597",
"id": "73970",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T15:55:15.597",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "73964",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I think they would say ゼロ件, れい is used more for other meanings for instance if\nyou reading a math book with many problems the sample problem with the\nsolution will be called as **Mondai Rei**. x+1=0 => x=-1. (Mondai = problem,\nrei = 0)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-20T10:34:21.530",
"id": "73986",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-20T10:34:21.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36630",
"parent_id": "73964",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73964
|
73970
|
73986
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73972",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Looking for some help understanding **俺はどこまで行っても俺だ**.\n\nI've googled and can see the phrase どこまで行っても being used fairly often, but\ncan't find an explanation, and what definition of 行く is being used here.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T15:39:52.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73968",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T17:10:17.443",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35687",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 俺はどこまで行っても俺だ",
"view_count": 141
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「俺{おれ}はどこまで行{い}っても俺だ。」\n\nis almost like a set phrase meaning:\n\n> \"I will always be me.\"\n\n「どこまで行っても」 literally means \" **no matter where I go** \" and it can also\nfiguratively mean \" **eternally** \" or \" **till the end of time** \".\n\nWhether the 'movement' is spatial or temporal is of little importance here\nunless the context this expression appears in clearly specifies one over the\nother. To Japanese-speakers, 「どこまで行っても」 is fairly synonymous to\n「いつまでも」、「何があっても」、「どんな時でも」, etc., which is why \"I will always be me.\" should\ncover them all in most cases.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T17:10:17.443",
"id": "73972",
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"parent_id": "73968",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73968
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73972
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73972
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73974",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am translating a manga and this is a word that I could not find a\ntranslation for. If someone could help it would be greatly appreciated!!\n\nIn the manga, there isnt really a sentence but the context is that one person\njust threatened the boy in order to get him to help them & The boy said\n“ヒキョーだ”\n\n[the manga screenshot!](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1jYrd.jpg)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T17:09:42.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73971",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T17:20:50.420",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-19T17:20:50.420",
"last_editor_user_id": "36620",
"owner_user_id": "36620",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"katakana"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of “ ヒキョーだ”? What would be a good english word/phrase to replace it?",
"view_count": 194
}
|
[
{
"body": "That is 「卑怯{ひきょう}」 written in katakana.\n\n「卑怯だ！」 means \"You/He/They are/is a coward!\", \"That's unfair!\", \"That's so\nmean!\", etc.\n\nWithout context, I could not tell you which one would fit best.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T17:19:19.783",
"id": "73974",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T17:19:19.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "73971",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73971
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73974
|
73974
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I wonder if the name for Spain in Japanese is 西班牙 (west, group, tusk?) because\nit has some implicit meaning (like English expression as 'horn of Africa',\n'strait of ...', Middle Kingdom, ) or it just happens that the sound of the\nkanji matched the Japanese version of Spain (スペイン).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T18:43:22.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73977",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-20T00:31:00.597",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36624",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Name for Spain in kanji 西班牙",
"view_count": 1192
}
|
[
{
"body": "It’s just because the kanji 西班牙 sound like スペイン.\n\n[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/西班牙](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99):\n\n“The kanji are ateji (当て字), from Chinese 西班牙 (Xībānyá).”",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-20T00:31:00.597",
"id": "73982",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-20T00:31:00.597",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "36625",
"parent_id": "73977",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73977
| null |
73982
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73980",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm scratching my head at this one and I can't seem to understand it right.\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6PJqK.png)\n\nI really can't grasp the idea... So the context, there are 2 characters let's\ncall them Hanako and Yosuke. Yosuke congratulates Hanako because it's her\nbirthday and Hanako says \"ありがとうよすけ\" then the following line (in the picture)\nseems to belong to Yosuke. I can't even understand well what does 君がしてくれる\nmeans here, if another verb in て form would have been before it, I could have\nunderstand differently... Then I can only understand something about a date,\nbut I can't form a connection properly, I am really stumped. Understood the\nrest of the comic, except this part. Any interpretation would be useful, maybe\nthen I can form a better connection.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T20:33:01.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73979",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-20T00:03:58.093",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-20T00:03:58.093",
"last_editor_user_id": "7705",
"owner_user_id": "22175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "A confusing line for me (picture)",
"view_count": 101
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 君がしてくれるみたいに ＋ 日付が変わったらすぐお祝いしてあげたかった\n>\n> I wanted to congratulate you as soon as the date changed + like you do for\n> me\n\nShe's saying that he celebrates (perhaps by sending him a text) her birthday\nat right as the clock hits midnight and the next day starts, and that she\nwishes she could have done the same for him. The whole thing is in past tense\npresumably because she did not manage to.\n\nBreaking it down a little more:\n\n * `君がしてくれるみたいに` literally \"like you do for me\".\n * `日付が変わったらすぐ` literally \"soon when the date changes\", but more natural as \"as soon as the date changes\". Also see [here](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89%E3%81%99%E3%81%90).\n * `お祝いしてあげたかった` literally \"wanted to celebrate for you\", though probably more natural as \"wanted to congratulate you\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T20:44:10.650",
"id": "73980",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-19T20:44:10.650",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7705",
"parent_id": "73979",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73979
|
73980
|
73980
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was intrigued by the meaning of **気もない** , and so far I could only find one\nreference from **Romajidesu.com**.\n\nIt described **気もない** as: 1. **showing no signs of** ; **there being no hint\nof** , 2. **unthinkable**.\n\nI was just wondering if there are only that many meanings for **気もない** , or if\nit could also be translated as: **don't** ( **won't** ) **even mind/care** ,\netc.\n\nAs far as I have learnt, **気** itself has quite many meanings, so I was\nconfused that **Romajidesu.com** only stated so few for it.\n\nThank you in advance for your kind guidance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-19T20:52:52.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73981",
"last_activity_date": "2021-06-13T13:26:29.557",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-20T01:01:26.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "36625",
"owner_user_id": "35087",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "The meaning of 気もない",
"view_count": 409
}
|
[
{
"body": "[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/気もない/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%B0%97%E3%82%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84/)\nsays\n\n 1. showing no signs of\n\n 2. insignificant\n\n 3. unthinkable\n\nIt seems to mostly match RomajiDesu\n\n[https://www.weblio.jp/content/気も無い](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%B0%97%E3%82%82%E7%84%A1%E3%81%84)\nsays\n\n 1. showing no signs of\n\n 2. unthinkable\n\nThe definition from\n[https://kotobank.jp/word/気もない-487978](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B0%97%E3%82%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-487978)\nis word for word, the exact same as goo.ne.\n\n[https://www.linguee.com/japanese-\nenglish/translation/気もない.html](https://www.linguee.com/japanese-\nenglish/translation/%E6%B0%97%E3%82%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84.html) says (copy\npasted text below):\n\n気もない there being no hint of ~~ less common: showing no signs of ~~ ·\nunthinkable なもない insignificant\n\nSimilar to goo.ne and RD\n\n* * *\n\nIt seems that there really aren’t many definitions for 気もない, and RomajiDesu\nwas mostly accurate.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-20T01:13:35.033",
"id": "73983",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-20T01:13:35.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36625",
"parent_id": "73981",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "This question might have attracted the kind of answer you were looking for\nearlier if only you had asked about either 気がある or 気がない.\n\nWhen it’s used by itself (i.e. without being preceded by a verb), 気がある means\nthe subject is romantically interested in someone.\n\n> 彼は彼女に気がある。 \n> He has a _thing_ for her.\n\n気がない is the negative of that. 気もない would add the sense of “not even” to it,\nbut I cannot think of a realistic situation where this would sound natural.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-06-13T13:26:29.557",
"id": "87049",
"last_activity_date": "2021-06-13T13:26:29.557",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "43676",
"parent_id": "73981",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
73981
| null |
73983
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73985",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm wondering if it translates to \"into darkness\" directly as a response to\nsomething like \"Where are we going?\" Or possibly as a title for a poem?\n\nI found one example. 暗闇へのワルツ Waltz into Darkness as a literal translation and\njust wondering if I remove のワルツ if it still makes sense...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-20T04:55:15.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73984",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-20T07:20:34.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36628",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "Does 暗闇へ make sense?",
"view_count": 212
}
|
[
{
"body": "「暗闇{くらやみ}へ」 makes perfect sense as a title and so does 「暗闇の中へ」.\n\nIn fact, 「[Noun] + へ」 is a fairly common construct for titles. Very short\nphrases ending with particles in general are common for titles. Titles do not\nneed to sound/look like prose in Japanese.\n\nWe often hear/see 「空{そら}へ」、「明日{あした}へ」、「未来{みらい}へ」、「夢{ゆめ}の中{なか}へ」, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-20T07:20:34.393",
"id": "73985",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73984",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
73984
|
73985
|
73985
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73992",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Do all い-adjectives become adverbs when you add く to them? For example:\n\n```\n\n 新しい = 新しく\n 早い = 早く\n \n```\n\nBut does this work with all the い-adjectives?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-20T10:52:58.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73987",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-20T17:26:19.063",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-20T11:50:36.947",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36169",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbs",
"i-adjectives",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Do all the い-adjectives become adverbs when you add く to them?",
"view_count": 118
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, the conjugation rule is consistent with all the い-adjectives.\n\nThere are a few notable exceptional cases where they can also syntactically be\nnouns:\n\n * 近い→近く:\n\n * adjectival: 近くのX - the nearby X\n\n * noun: Xの近く - the vicinity of X\n\n * 多い→多く:\n\n * adjectival: 多くのX",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-20T17:26:19.063",
"id": "73992",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-20T17:26:19.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "542",
"parent_id": "73987",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
73987
|
73992
|
73992
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74007",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to what I know, わけにはいかない means that someone can't do something for\nmoral reason\n\n> これは先生の本だから、君に貸すわけにはいかない This is my teacher's book so I can't lend it to you\n\nBut I just saw this conversation line and I can't see why they use this\ngrammar pattern\n\n> (situation: someone is trying to make a doctor appointment so he's talking\n> to 受付 which I'm going to assume is the receptionist of the hospital.)\n> 突然ですが、今日診ていただくわけにはいかないでしょうか\n\nIf I said something like\n\n * 今日診ていただいていただけませんか\n\ndoes it change the meaning or is it just a degree of politeness?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-20T11:52:55.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73989",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T06:26:23.717",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36615",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Usage of わけにはいかない",
"view_count": 321
}
|
[
{
"body": "> According to what I know, わけにはいかない means that someone can't do something\n> **_for moral reason_**.\n\nThat sounds rather simplistic. 「Verb + わけにはいかない」 can be used to say that one\ncannot do something for other reasons as well such as **laws/rules, common\nsense, judgement based on experience, sense of obligation** , etc.\n\nThe sentence:\n\n> 「突然{とつぜん}ですが、今日診{きょうみ}ていただくわけにはいかないでしょうか。」\n\nis a completely natural-sounding one that requests earnestly to see a doctor\non that day (rather than on the next). Perhaps, the speaker arrived at the\nhospital a little too late for outpatient reception or something. It expresses\nthe speaker's distress and strong desire, knowing that the receptionist could\neasily turn down the request.\n\nAs far as the phrase choice, this is in no way a 'normal' or 'neutral' way to\nmake a request. Had the speaker come to the hospital on time and/or with\neverything s/he needed such as a referral letter, health insurance card, etc.,\ns/he would have **_never_** said 「突然ですが、今日診ていただくわけにはいかないでしょうか。」.\n\nYour sentence:\n\n「今日診ていただけませんか。」 (You used いただく twice, so I deleted one.)\n\ndoes **not** imply much of the distress I discussed above. You could use the\nsentence, but it will not sound nearly as desperate as the one using\n「わけにはいかない」.\n\n> does it change the meaning or is it just a degree of politeness?\n\nIt changes the meaning as explained above. Politeness has little to nothing to\ndo with this. It is just how seriously and desperately you would sound\nregarding your desire to see a doctor.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-21T11:14:10.780",
"id": "74007",
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"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73989",
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"score": 8
}
] |
73989
|
74007
|
74007
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74020",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the following sentence: 本当に正直に話していいかな？ I know that 本当に is an adverb which\nmeans \"really\" but what about 正直に? I though that it was an adverb because of\nthe に but I don't know if one can put two adverbs one after another just like\nin above sentence, but if that's not the case... then that に is acting as a\nparticle?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-20T15:58:40.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73990",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T02:00:03.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36169",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Is it possible to put two adverbs one after another?",
"view_count": 1013
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「本当{ほんとう}に正直{しょうじき}に話{はな}していいかな？」\n\nis 100% grammatical and natural-sounding. Both 「本当に」 and 「正直に」 function\nadverbially.\n\nHaving never studied Japanese as a foreign language, however, I do not know if\n「本当に」 and 「正直に」 are actually called \"adverbs\" outside of Japan. In Japan,\nthose are called 形容動詞{けいようどうし} (\"na-adjectives\") in their 連用形{れんようけい}\n(\"continuative form\").\n\nBe that as it may, one can use \"those\" multiple times to modify a verb or\nadjective.\n\nThis might surprise you, but here is a fairly long list of Japanese adverbs\nfrom Wiki. Upon hearing the word 「副詞{ふくし}」 (\"adverbs\"), Japanese-speakers\nthink of those words in the list. We do not think of 「本当に」 or 「正直に」, to be\ncompletely honest. Those surely \"function adverbially\", but that does not make\nthem adverbs by the Japanese standard.\n\nIt is actually _me_ who wonders to himself 「本当に正直に話していいかな？」 everytime I see a\nquestion about \"adverbs\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-22T00:12:31.233",
"id": "74017",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T00:12:31.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "73990",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "It’s not entirely what you were asking, but an important point is that 正直に\nmodifies 話す, while 本当に modifies いい. You can see this by the following\nscrambling being valid:\n\n> ✔️ 正直に話して本当にいいかな？\n\n(Though note this is a somewhat unusual word order.)\n\nWhile this scrambling makes no sense at all:\n\n> ✖︎ 本当に話して正直にいいかな？\n\nThis also explains why you can’t say something like ✖︎ 本当 **で** 正直に話していいかな？,\nbecause it makes 本当で正直に be a single unit, which doesn’t work because neither\npredicate (話す or いい) in the sentence can accept **both** of those modifiers\nsemantically.\n\nOn the other hand, if we change one of the modifiers to be something which\ndoes make semantic sense to use with the same predicate, combining them into a\nsingle unit works fine, like 真面目で正直に話していいかな？.\n\n# Syntax trees\n\nIf it helps, here’s the syntax tree breakdown:\n\n> [本当に][<正直に>話して]いいかな？ \n> 本当に is at the top level\n\nvs\n\n> [<真面目に><正直に>話して]いいかな？ \n> 真面目に is in the inner level\n\nor\n\n> [<(真面目で正直)に>話して]いいかな？ \n> 真面目で正直 has combined into a single modifier, which is at the inner level",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-22T02:00:03.483",
"id": "74020",
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"owner_user_id": "3097",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
73990
|
74020
|
74017
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74008",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Does it exist as such, the double negation of an i-adjective, e.g.: おいしくなくない?\nI was told that I should use おいしくなく は ない instead. Is that right? Is it a rule?\nWould it depend on context which was a question like: Are the meals at that\nrestaurant good? Or is it just the style of the person I talked to?\n\nOf course, I could also use e.g. まずくない instead, but this is not the question\nhere.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-20T16:14:41.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73991",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-29T12:53:37.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35365",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"negation",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Double negation of an i-adjective",
"view_count": 266
}
|
[
{
"body": "The double negation of i-adjectives not only exists, but it is quite commonly\nused among us native speakers when expressing opinions **indirectly**.\n\nTake 「おいしい」 (\"tasty\") for example, by far the most common double-negative form\nwould be:\n\n> 「おいしくなく **は** ない」\n\nwhich means:\n\n> \"(the food) is okay/passable if not great\"\n\nThat sounds fairly indirect, doesn't it? The direct phrase would simply be\n「まずい」 (\"bad-tasting\") or 「おいしくない」, which would often be considered too direct\nfor the Japanese taste (pun intended).\n\nWe also say:\n\n> 「おいしくなく **も** ない」\n\nwhich means practically the same thing as 「おいしくなく **は** ない」.\n\nI do not think that careful speakers would use 「おいしくなくない」 with no particle\nbetween the 「なく」 and 「ない」 to mean the same as the two above. I would, however,\nnot be surprised if I heard it in careless hurried speech.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-21T12:33:44.450",
"id": "74008",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-21T12:33:44.450",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "73991",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "From a grammatical point of view you can make double or triple or whatever-\niple negations, though it's not something you'd throw in a normal\nconversation. As an example from Ace Attorney:\n\n```\n\n -そんなことないよ。\n -そんなことなくないッ！\n -そんなことなくなくない！\n -そんなことなくなくなくなくなく...\n \n```\n\nWith exception of comic effect I hardly can imagine situation where you may\nneed this.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-29T12:43:41.007",
"id": "80890",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-29T12:43:41.007",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39646",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I think you may occasionally hear some ギャル say これ美味しくなくない？ when, for example,\ngoing to a highly reviewed restaurant, being somewhat disappointed by the\nfood, then asking a friend for affirmation.\n\nIn normal speech, however, you will quite commonly hear people say double\nnegatives with a particle in between.\n\n> 美味しくなくはない。 \n> It doesn't taste bad.\n>\n> 忙しくなくはない。 \n> I wouldn't go so far as to say \"not busy\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-29T12:53:37.390",
"id": "80891",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-29T12:53:37.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "37017",
"parent_id": "73991",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73991
|
74008
|
74008
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why is 帰る conjugated 帰りたい and not 帰たい when adding たい to it?\n\nIs it conjugated this way because 帰る is a godan verb?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-20T17:38:28.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73993",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-21T17:26:54.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30581",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Question about conjugating verb + たい",
"view_count": 183
}
|
[
{
"body": "As surmised in your question, and confirmed by user3856370 in the comment,\n帰【かえ】る (\"to return\", intransitive\") is a 五段【ごだん】 verb, and this is why たい\nneeds that り before it.\n\n### The grammar\n\nMore specifically, the ～たい desiderative (\"want to\") ending attaches to the\n連用形【れんようけい】, the continuative or stem form of the verb. This is sometimes\ncalled the \" _-masu_ stem\" in English, since it's the form of the core verb\nthat gets the _-masu_ on the end.\n\n### Mechanics for 五段【ごだん】 or \"type I\" verbs\n\nFor instance, 行【い】く (\"to go\") in the plain or dictionary form becomes 行【い】きます\nin the polite or _-masu_ form. The verb stem here, the 連用形【れんようけい】 for this\nverb, is 行【い】き. So to conjugate into the desiderative, we would take that stem\n行【い】き and stick the ～たい auxiliary or suffix onto the end, giving us 行【い】きたい.\n\n### Mechanics for 一段【いちだん】 or \"type II\" verbs\n\nFor the 一段【いちだん】 verbs, the verb stem is the same for all of the different\nconjugations -- that's actually what 一段【いちだん】 means here, there's just the one\n段【だん】 (\"grade, step\") -- that is, there's just the one vowel on the end,\neither _-e_ or _-i_ depending on the verb. So for 変【か】える (\"to change\",\ntransitive), the plain form 変【か】える becomes _-masu_ form 変【か】えます, so we know\nthe _-masu_ stem or 連用形【れんようけい】 is 変【か】え. To conjugate into the desiderative,\nwe take that stem 変【か】え and stick the ～たい auxiliary or suffix onto the end,\ngiving us 変【か】えたい.\n\n### Note about homophones\n\nSome verbs, like 帰【かえ】る and 変【か】える, sound almost the same. (The pitch accent\nis different, but in terms of kana spellings, they are identical.) In these\ncases, you basically just have to learn which is which and remember the\nconjugation rules. Thankfully there aren't that many verbs like this. :)\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not answer your question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-21T17:26:54.160",
"id": "74014",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-21T17:26:54.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "73993",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
73993
| null |
74014
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "It's a little bit awkward but I would like to know how I could contact again\nsomeone who didn't reply yet to my email ? It's been almost 2 month since I\nsent some questions in Japanese to a Tokyo Museum Curator (who previously said\nto me 「ご質問ください」!), and once the questions asked (about Art History, nothing\npersonal), I got no answer at all ! I'm worrying a lot, and I hope my\nquestions didn't bother her... Are there any formal sentences to, first,\napologize for contacting her again, and then to apologize if my questions did\nbother her ? (And If yes, that I'm deeply sorry if I said something wrong\netc.)\n\nThank you very much for your help !!!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-20T17:45:39.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73994",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-20T17:45:39.380",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36632",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"formality",
"email"
],
"title": "How to contact again someone who did not reply to my previous mail?",
"view_count": 76
}
|
[] |
73994
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context:<http://mangalifewin.takeshobo.co.jp/rensai/yo-jolife/yo-\njo-009/21349/> \nI try search \"どゃでぇ\" in Google just get almost nothing. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/j0JSn.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-20T18:53:42.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "73996",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-22T01:00:55.097",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kana"
],
"title": "What do \"どゃでぇ\" meaning?",
"view_count": 518
}
|
[
{
"body": "### The どゃ portion\n\nNotice that the や is basically the same font size as the ど. This is not どゃ,\nwhere the small ゃ is meant to indicate a palatalized glide attaching to the\nconsonant of the previous mora, but rather どや. ~~I'm vaguely familiar with the\nadverb どやどや used to describe lots of people milling or rushing about; I wonder\nif it's used here to indicate the focus of the \"camera\" rushing towards the\ncharacter.~~\n\n**Update:** As explained by Chocolate in the comments, this どや is not from\nどやどや, but rather from the Kansai-ish どや that is equivalent to Kanto どうだ, as\nused in the expression どや顔【がお】. Literally \"how's-that face\", it's a bit like\nthe English expression \"how ya like (it / that / me) now\", also used to\nindicate smug self-satisfaction.\n\n### The でぇ portion\n\n~~I'm not sure about the でぇ portion. I suspect this is used to highlight the\nself-satisfied smug expression on the character's face, but that is only my\nintuition.~~\n\nThe でぇ portion appears to be the extended version of sentence-final で, the\nKansai-ben equivalent to Kantō-ben emphatic sentence-final particle よ.\n\n### Reference Links\n\n * For どや, see [the 京ことば section of the Weblio entry](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A9%E3%82%84#KYKTB).\n * For で, see [the second entry in the 大阪 section of the Weblio entry](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A7#OSAKA).\n\n* * *\n\nAny comments to clarify or correct the above would be most welcome.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-21T16:44:45.167",
"id": "74013",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-21T00:29:16.837",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-21T00:29:16.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "73996",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
73996
| null |
74013
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74018",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is the first paragraph in a story geared towards teaching Japanese:\n\n> ジェームズは事務所で仕事をしています。彼は毎日とても忙しいです。彼はお客様と多くの会議\n> をします。ジェームズはこのような会議は好きではありません。彼はお客様がとても退屈している **のでは** と思っています 。\n\nI don't understand how the last sentence relates to the rest of the story.\nThis is probably because I can't make sense of the particle cluster のでは. Could\nsomeone please correctly translate this sentence according to the context and\nexplain the particles used? Thank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-20T22:55:06.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74000",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T01:22:48.640",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36035",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Please explain the use of では in this particle cluster",
"view_count": 219
}
|
[
{
"body": "This では is the copula (だ) followed by the contrastive-は. That is, it's the\nsame では as in これは本 **では** ありません. Since [では is normally followed by a negation\nmarker (ない, ありません, etc)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1077/5010), you\ncan omit the negation part and still imply the sentence is negative.\n\n> これは本では…。 \n> This is not a (book)...\n\n(By the way, by avoiding explicitly saying ない, you can often make a sentence\nsound milder. Instead of clearly saying 寿司は好きではありません, you may want to say\n寿司は好きでは…, which is less harsh)\n\nAnd you can even form a negative question without actually saying ない like\nthis:\n\n> これは本では？ \n> Isn't this a book? \n> (The full sentence is これは本ではない(のです)か？)\n\nNote that this is expecting a positive answer (the speaker is thinking it _is_\na book).\n\nThis is what's happening in your sentence, too. お客様がとても退屈しているのだ means \"It's\nthat my clients are very bored (because of the long meetings)\". Changing のだ\ninto のでは means you are making an implicit negative question: \"isn't it that\n...?\". So a literal translation is like:\n\n> 彼は「お客様がとても退屈しているのでは」と思っています。 \n> = 彼は「お客様がとても退屈しているのでは **ないか** 」と思っています。 \n> He is thinking \"isn't it that my clients are very bored?\"\n\nOr you can translate it simply like \"He thinks his clients may be very bored.\"\n\nTLDR: This のでは is an (implicit) negative question marker with an explanatory-の\n(\"isn't it that ～?\").",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-22T01:06:01.920",
"id": "74018",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T01:22:48.640",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-22T01:22:48.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74000",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
74000
|
74018
|
74018
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If you have read Japanese Wikipedia articles such as [this\none](https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%8F%E3%83%8E%E4%B8%80), you will\nhave come across sentences like the following.\n\n> この項目を加筆・訂正 **など** してくださる協力者を求めています\n\nMy translation of the sentence goes like this:\n\n> We are looking for collaborators who would be so kind as to improve and\n> correct this item.\n\nWhat stumps me about the sentence is that it contains など. My research\nindicates that など is attached to nouns. If I try to make a literal\ntranslation, I will get something like this.\n\n> We are looking for collaborators who would be so kind as to make\n> improvements, corrections and so on for this item.\n\nIf I didn't add “for”, the sentence would be grammatically incorrect in\nEnglish. Maybe I'm overthinking this, but does the sentence really need など in\nit?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-21T02:05:46.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74001",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-21T02:54:22.087",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why does the following sentence contain など?",
"view_count": 154
}
|
[
{
"body": "など can attach to all of the following:\n\n * A noun \n\n> 本などを読む\n\n * Dictionary form of a (non-suru) verb\n\n> 本を読むなどする\n\n(This is slightly stilted; とか and たり/だり are more common in informal settings)\n\n * A suru-verb\n\n> 読書など(を)する\n\n(を is optional even in formal sentences)\n\nAll suru-verbs are basically also nouns, and など can even attach to ordinary\nverbs, so I think the last item is not surprising.\n\nBy the way, the sentence can be rephrased to この項目 **の** 加筆・訂正など **を**\nしてくださる協力者を求めています, which is a bit closer to your \"literal\" English translation\n([this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4006/5010) is related).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-21T02:54:22.087",
"id": "74002",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-21T02:54:22.087",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74001",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74001
| null |
74002
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74021",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "All of them are the same meaning, but I think in few situations, should only\nuse one of them.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-21T03:55:33.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74003",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T02:20:37.760",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Which situation for using 併せる and 合わせる and 組み合わせる? What is difference between them?",
"view_count": 202
}
|
[
{
"body": "**合わせる vs 併せる** : あわせる has [a lot of\nmeanings](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%90%88%E3%82%8F%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B), but\nroughly speaking, 合わせる is the default kanji that is safe in most situations.\nBasically there is no situation where you \"have to\" choose 併せる, but 併せる has an\nadded nuance. When the kanji 併 is intentionally chosen, it tends to imply two\nthings coexist side by side, whereas 合わせる often means two things are mixed,\nsummed or merged into one. For example, 合わせて考える tends to look like \"to\nconsider taking everything into account\", whereas 併せて考える tends to look like\n\"to consider it along with others\". As an exception, merger of\norganizations/municipalities is commonly described using 併.\n\n**組み合わせる** : This is used when individual parts are unchanged but the\nresulting combination has some new meaning. Think of LEGO blocks or kanji\ncompounds. 合わせる has many meanings, but 組み合わせる does not mean \"to compare\", \"to\nmatch\", etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-22T02:20:37.760",
"id": "74021",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T02:20:37.760",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74003",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
74003
|
74021
|
74021
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74006",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> こんな訓練が何の役に立つ **のか** 不思議だったが、アインが言うにはバランス感覚は射撃の要になるらしい。\n\nI hypothesize that the のか in question _is_ a nominalizing の followed by a\nquestioning か, as its preceded by the verb/expression 役に立つ. This verb-\npreceding-の-nominalization is explained and exemplified in this\n[answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/33183/26406) I found while\nresearching data to verify my hypothesis. However, my knowledge of のか is still\nlacking as far as I'm aware, so I'd like a second opinion to verify or\ndisprove my hypothesis as to what the above sentence's のか is.\n\n(If the wording of this question is vastly different from my previous ones,\nits because I am finally taking a grammar course where I'm learning how to\napproach words and questions about them as a linguist or as a language student\nwould.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-21T04:43:06.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74004",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-21T09:43:03.450",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Is the の[か] in my sentence a 準体言助詞 の[か]?",
"view_count": 215
}
|
[
{
"body": "This の is best known to learners as an [explanatory-\nno](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5398/5010). The か right after it is a\nquestioning particle, which in this case is forming an [embedded\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/13038/5010). When の and か are\nused together, it sounds like you are [seeking\nclarification](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/question-markers/).\nIf you already know how to make a question using ～のですか, this のか is basically\nthe same except that です is not used because it's in the middle of a sentence.\nBroadly speaking, this の is a kind of a nominalizer, too (you can think this の\nturns \"to run\" to \"that one runs\"), but it may be better to think this の as a\ndistinct particle.\n\n準体助詞 is the name of a word class which this の belongs to in the Japanese\n\"国語文法\" (the grammar taught at Japanese classes to native Japanese students).\nIf you are still learning Japanese grammar, I suggest you master the basics of\nyour Japanese-as-a-second-language textbooks first, and revisit this term\nlater.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-21T09:43:03.450",
"id": "74006",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-21T09:43:03.450",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74004",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74004
|
74006
|
74006
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74012",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As I read more Japanese texts, I’m finding there are a lot of ways to say\n“us.” Are there any contextual differences or differences in politeness level\nbetween 僕等, 我々, 僕たち, and お互い?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-21T14:56:38.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74009",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-21T16:24:38.330",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-21T16:01:19.383",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "36637",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"pronouns"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 僕等, 我々, 僕たち, and お互い?",
"view_count": 193
}
|
[
{
"body": "They have a different nuance, and お互い doesn't mean \"us\" but \"each other\".\n\n僕たち and 僕等 are almost the same, I feel 僕等 is a bit casual. 我々 is a bit\nexaggerated, so it is not often used in daily conversation but in lofty and\nexaggerated speeches.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-21T16:24:38.330",
"id": "74012",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-21T16:24:38.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "74009",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74009
|
74012
|
74012
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74011",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading a Japanese version of 日常{にちじょう} where one of the main characters\nYuuko is writing notecards for her English exam the next day (which she had\nnot studied for). As she was translating “forever,” she said 永久{とわ} where I\nwould have said 永遠{えいえん}. Is there a difference? Thank you!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-21T15:37:25.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74010",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-21T16:02:38.003",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36637",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"readings"
],
"title": "永遠 vs 永久 difference in meaning?",
"view_count": 935
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is almost no difference. To be exact, 永久 is used for material things\nwhile 永遠 is used for abstract notions. For example, 永久 is used for tooth(永久歯).\nPerpetual motion machine is 永久機関 in Japanese. And for instance 永遠 is used for\ntime(時間).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-21T15:57:38.873",
"id": "74011",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-21T16:02:38.003",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-21T16:02:38.003",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "36638",
"parent_id": "74010",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74010
|
74011
|
74011
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74023",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I need a little help with the meaning of \"アップ\" in this sentence.\n\nI'm translating an interview about a stage play based on a manga. The director\nwanted to add a scene where there is a wolf girl, but the mangaka was\nsurprised and explained why she thought it was a difficult thing to do on\nstage:\n\n> でも、狼少女は、漫画でならアップができるからいいけど、舞台にすると難しいということで。\n\nI read that one of the meaning of アップ is \"close-up\", but I don't think this is\nthe case.\n\nSince a アップ is also \"a boost; an increase\" I was thinking of \"an exaggeration\"\nin this case, but maybe it's a stretch from my part:\n\n> \"However, a wolf girl is fine in a manga, because exaggerations can be done,\n> but it's a difficult thing to do on stage.\"\n\nThank you in advance for your help!\n\n-- Edit:\n\nHere is the original context.\n\nIt's an interview with the main actress (Kanjiya-san) and the mangaka (Miuchi-\nsensei).\n\nHere they start to talk about how good the director (G2-san) is at adapting\nthe manga scenes for this stage play.\n\nThe manga focuses on theater so all the names between quotation marks are\nnames of plays inside this stage version. One of these plays should feature a\nwolf girl.\n\n> 貫地谷:\n> 今稽古ですごく面白いのが、大河ドラマの沙都子の演技に対して、「この子画面で光ってるよ」と言われるシーンで、どうやるんだろうな？と思ったら、G2さんが私が主役であるかのように見える配置を考えて下さって。やっぱりそれは舞台ならではの見せ方で、すごく面白いです。\n>\n> 美内: なるほど。そうですね。G2さんと打ち合わせをした時に、 『忘れられた荒野』の芝居は外してほしくないって言ったんですよ。\n> **でも、狼少女は、漫画でならアップができるからいいけど、舞台にすると難しいということで** 。確かにそうですねと思いました。ただ、\n> 『忘れられた荒野』は、紫のバラのひとの正体がばれる大事なエピソードがあるので食い下がったんですが、出来上がってきた台本を見ると、主要な要素は全部\n> 『ふたりの王女』の中に入ってました。さすかだなと思いました。でもね、ちょっと残念なんですよね。貫地谷さんの狼少女が見られないっていうのがね。",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-21T18:53:17.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74015",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T04:57:54.800",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35761",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of アップ in this sentence",
"view_count": 233
}
|
[
{
"body": "This アップ does mean \"close up\", \"zooming\", i.e., enlarging a character. This is\nhow a mangaka normally uses the word アップ, after all.\n\nThe context is about 舞台ならではの見せ方, unique ways of showing the relationship of\nactors on stage. In stage play, the distance of two characters does not have\nto follow the \"real scale\". Imagine a scene where there are two characters who\nare 100 meters apart from each other. In stage play, it's possible to\nphysically place (配置) two actors side by side and make the audience \"believe\"\nthey are apart, with the aid of facial expressions, tone of voice, stage\nsettings, etc. On the other hand, a mangaka would place the two characters\nphysically correctly, and can \"zoom in\" (アップ) them whenever necessary.\n\nHere, Kanjiya and Miuchi are talking about two similar tricky scenes that were\ndifficult to reproduce at real scale. The first scene was \"Satoko is remotely\nbeing watched by people over TV\", and Kanjiya was impressed by the G2's\n\"trick\" to efficiently keep focusing her acting, while making the audience\nbelieve there was a distance at the same time. The other scene was \"a wolf\ngirl in the wilderness\", which was omitted because it was considered too\ndifficult to reproduce as a stage play.\n\n> でも、狼少女は、漫画でならアップができるからいいけど、舞台にすると難しいということで。 \n> However, while the wolf girl (scene) is fine (=possible to efficiently\n> depict) as a manga because I can zoom in (the characters), I was told it was\n> difficult as a stage play (and the scene was removed in the end).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-22T03:54:47.577",
"id": "74023",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T04:57:54.800",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-22T04:57:54.800",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74015",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74015
|
74023
|
74023
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "最近とても疲れやすいので、その日の体調いかんでは________\n\nI answered it with : 会社を休むこともある\n\nBut got it wrong(got 0 points), with a note telling me to use かもしれない instead.\n\nI understand that you can answer with the かもしれない format, but wonder why こともある\nis incorrect.\n\nThese are examples I took from the internet :\n\n金額いかんでは、その仕事を引き受けないこともありません。\n\n裁判の判決いかんでは、控訴することもあり得る。\n\nわたしの帰宅時間は毎日違う。日によっては夜中になることもある。\n\nBasing from these, I think it's safe to assume my answer is not wrong...\n\n* * *\n\nEdit: I went and asked my teacher, and although I don't understand the whole\nexplanation, I think I can understand why my answer might not be correct :\n\nThe said sentence has a reasoning clause which is **最近** とても疲れやすいので. It would\nonly make the most sense when the line is told to your co-worker, or family\nwith the goal to inform in advance; In the near future, you might take a day\noff depending on your physical condition.\n\nI guess it's similar to saying 明日の天気によっては、試合が中止になることもある where tomorrow's match\nis a one-time thing. The こともある hinted multiple occurrences in the past and the\ncoming future. They don't match, so saying 明日の天気によっては、試合が中止になるかもしれない is\nbetter.\n\nIf 最近 is replaced with words to mean like ずっと生まれから疲れがちなので, then こともある will be\ncorrect.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-22T05:02:24.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74024",
"last_activity_date": "2021-05-03T11:35:20.470",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-25T03:44:55.593",
"last_editor_user_id": "15891",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "いかんでは why is this answer incorrect?",
"view_count": 643
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 1. 最近とても疲れやすいので、その日の体調いかんでは会社を休むこともある。\n> 2. 最近とても疲れやすいので、その日の体調いかんでは会社を休むこともあるかもしれない。\n> 3. ずっと前から疲れがちなので、その日の体調いかんでは会社を休むこともある。\n> 4. ずっと前から疲れがちなので、その日の体調いかんでは会社を休むこともあるかもしれない。\n>\n\n1と2を比べたとき1より2の方が自然です。 また、3はOPがEditで説明しているとおり自然です。 [更]{さら}に、3と4を比べたときは3の方が自然です。\n私が自然だと判断する理由は、各々の文で、前半の条件に対して後半の状態が起きる[確率]{かくりつ}が高いからだと思います。確率が低いときには、[断定的]{だんていてき}な表現より[曖昧]{あいまい}さを残した表現の方が自然に聞こえるのは当然です。\n\n> 5. 金額いかんでは、その仕事を引き受けないこともありません\n> 6. 金額いかんでは、その仕事を引き受けなくもないです。\n> 7. 金額いかんでは、その仕事を引き受けないこともあります。\n>\n\n質問の回答とは少し違いますが、OPがInternetで見つけたとする5は論理的には間違いはないのですが、奇妙に聞こえます。もし、仕事を引き受けるなら6のように言うのが普通です。また、もし仕事を引き受けないのなら7と言うでしょうね。\n\n* * *\n\nEDIT\n\n> 1. 最近とても疲れやすいので、その日の体調いかんでは会社を休むこともある。\n>\n> 2. 最近とても疲れやすいので、その日の体調いかんでは会社を休むかもしれない。\n>\n> 3. ずっと前から疲れがちなので、その日の体調いかんでは会社を休むこともある。\n>\n> 4. ずっと前から疲れがちなので、その日の体調いかんでは会社を休むかもしれない。\n>\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-16T14:38:57.143",
"id": "76629",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-16T23:56:25.237",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "74024",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> 最近とても疲れやすいので、その日の体調いかんでは________ I answered it with : 会社を休むこともある\n\nThis is not wrong gramatically, but logically doesn't follow if I get a little\nnit-picky. I will explain. Your teacher's\n\n会社を休むかもしれない\n\n...is better for sure. The reason why is that you started wtih\n\n最近\n\nwhich, as you know, is \"Lately, these days.\" So, what follows has to be\nconverstaion about recent events and decisions on near future. \"I might take a\nday off\" is a possible decision coming up very soon. Like, I might eat burger\ntonight or maybe I'll go for ramen. Something you decide, say, within 48 hours\nand you are telling your buddy about your thoughts.\n\nHOWEVER.\n\nSince you said\n\n会社を休むこともある\n\nYou are speaking to general decision making, explaining who you are as a\nperson, a personality, your MO. So, it has nuance of saying \"I'm the kind of\nguy/girl that skips work sometimes.\"\n\nYour teacher is saying that the link \"Tired lately\" --> \"routelinely skipping\nwork\" is wried, I'd say in any language. \"Tired lately\" --> \"might take a day\noff\" follows better logically.\n\nThough, since it's obvious, given the context most native speaker would be\nkind and say that \"I see what you mean.\" But using the form in the first way\nmight give away that you may not be a native speaker of the language.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-05-02T22:26:52.087",
"id": "86445",
"last_activity_date": "2021-05-03T11:35:20.470",
"last_edit_date": "2021-05-03T11:35:20.470",
"last_editor_user_id": "14444",
"owner_user_id": "14444",
"parent_id": "74024",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
74024
| null |
76629
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74027",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am confused by this part にかけてきた. Can someone explain to me?\n\nこの曲を給食のときにかけてきた放送委員",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-22T11:20:21.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74025",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T11:41:15.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"て-form",
"sentence"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of かけてきた",
"view_count": 784
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「この曲{きょく}を給食{きゅうしょく}のときにかけてきた放送委員{ほうそういいん}」\n\n「曲をかける」 means \" ** _to play a song/tune on the stereo/CD player, etc._** \".\n\nIn this case, the music is being played on the broadcasting system in a school\nduring lunch time.\n\nThe music \"reaches\" the students while eating; therefore, it is described as\n「かけて **くる** 」 from their perspective, which becomes 「かけて **きた** 」 in the past\ntense.\n\n「この曲を給食のときにかけてきた」 is a relative clause that modifies the 「放送委員」.\n\n> \"The broadcast committee member(s) who played this song during the school\n> lunch time.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-22T11:41:15.160",
"id": "74027",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T11:41:15.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74025",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
74025
|
74027
|
74027
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> マスク大手 24時間態勢で増産 新型ウイルス肺炎感染拡大で \n>\n\n_from[here](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20200121/k10012253491000.html)_\n\nIn this sentence the words 新型 and ウイルス form the meaning \"a new type of virus\".\nBut shouldn't 新型 be connected using の? I have seen this pattern a lot of\ntimes, but when are you allowed to leave out the particle?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-22T11:34:40.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74026",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T11:34:40.560",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36350",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "When to leave out の?",
"view_count": 80
}
|
[] |
74026
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Both #らーめん and #らーぬん hashtags lead me to ramen posts. I'm aware that Ramen is\ncalled #らーめん. But what is #らーぬん?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-22T13:52:45.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74028",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T18:40:38.487",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4652",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between らーめん and らーぬん?",
"view_count": 345
}
|
[
{
"body": "Legend has it that a long ago, a prankster saw the sign that read 「らーめん」 in\nfront of a tiny restaurant while walking down the street.\n\n\"What a boring sign! Think I'm gonna spice it up a bit.\", thought the\nprankster. He took his permanent marker out of his North Face backpack and\nchanged the hiragana 「め」 to a 「ぬ」 on the sign. \"らー **ぬ** ん! Damn, am I\ncreative!\", he murmured.\n\nTwo days later, the dude decided to go check the sign that he had worked on.\nThe sign had been re-painted in katakana this time -- 「ラーメン」. \"The owner must\nhave thought that would prevent the same kinda prank from happening again. Is\nhe kiddin'?\", the prankster said to himself, shaking his head. With a marker,\nhe quickly altered the 「メ」 to a 「ヌ」 this time. \"ラー **ヌ** ン! That's much\nbetter!\"\n\nIncredibly, this two-kana-system-cat-and-mouse game lasted over six months\nuntil the owner finally decided, in distress, to take the ramen out of the\n\"メヌー\" (Pun #1). Needless to say, this historical incident took place in\n[Hirakata, Osaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirakata) (Pun #2).\n\nNote: I admit unwillingly that the last paragraph is my own creation, but the\nrest of the information is all over the internet if you search in Nagoya\ndialect.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-22T18:40:38.487",
"id": "74032",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T18:40:38.487",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74028",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
74028
| null |
74032
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74031",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "One of the multiple choice questions in a book I was reading was as follows:\n\n> 1. まどを_____.\n> 2. はい、おねがいします。\n>\n> a) 開けましょうか \n> b) 開けてもいいですか \n> c) 開けなさい \n> d) 開けてくれませんか\n>\n>\n\nI selected b) as the answer, but the given correct choice was a).\n\nI can see why a) would be a more natural fit than b), but could they both be\nconsidered correct? My translation for the dialogue was essentially: 'Is it\nokay if I close the window?' 'Yes, thanks', but would this seem\nunnatural/wrong in the context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-22T17:23:05.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74030",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T05:00:59.393",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-24T05:00:59.393",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "15932",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "Conjugations of verb for sample JLPT question",
"view_count": 185
}
|
[
{
"body": "Firstly 開ける means 'open' not 'close'. I'm sure that was just a slip, but I\nwanted to make sure.\n\nOption a) is 'Shall I open the window?'. You are offering a service to another\nperson so 'yes please' would be a natural response.\n\nOption b) is 'Is it okay if I open the window?'. In this case you are seeking\npermission to do something for your own benefit, so 'yes please' doesn't seem\nlike a good match to this question.\n\nIn summary a) seems like the only natural answer.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-22T17:36:34.507",
"id": "74031",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T17:36:34.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "74030",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "While it probably wouldn’t be the right choice in a multiple choice exam, (b)\nis also fine — it just requires that the responder is trying to emphasize that\nthey are not just giving permission, but if anything are being done a favor.\nThis sort of reframing is quite common because it can be seen as humbling (in\nthe sense of “who am I to give permission”), which is fairly core to Japanese\nconversation dynamics. Though もちろん(です)、お願いします might be a little better for\nthis since it more fully reframes (although it depends on the relationship).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-23T04:49:22.313",
"id": "74035",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-23T04:49:22.313",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "74030",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74030
|
74031
|
74031
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74036",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to read [this](http://www.tsogen.co.jp/np/isbn/9784488413019) short\nstory, and I can't really understand this exchange; context: a 木馬 was given to\na school and put in the garden, and if I understood well it was fixed to the\nground; one character is saying that one day the 木馬 was gone, and the next day\nwas there again.\n\n> 「―酔っ払いがふざけて運んだんじゃないかしら」\n>\n> 「でも土台が付いていて、かなり重いものですよ。本式のメリーゴーランドの馬のように大きくはないけれど、 **それにしたって**\n> 持って来る時は国雄{くにお}さんとお父さんと二人がかり **だったっていうんですもの** 、前を通りかかってちょっと悪戯{いたずら} **で**\n> 持って行くなんてこと考えられません」\n>\n> 「それなら、複数だとしたらどうです？群集心埋も手伝って、はめをはずしてやってしまった」\n\nFrom my understanding, the first sentence is wondering if it couldn't be drunk\npeople pulling a prank and carrying it away.\n\nThe third is saying something like \"In that case, what about if they were more\nthan one? If also 群集心埋 helped, they could have done it\" (「はめをはずす」 is \"To go\nover the top\", I'm reading it as \"Being able to pull such a prank\").\n\nThe second is giving me serious trouble: it starts by saying that it was fixed\non the ground and it was heavy; not like a merry-go-round horse, but even\nconsidering it (それにしたって) they needed two people to bring it in. I found\n[「それにしたって」](https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/2149294) mean \"Even if that's\nthe case\", and it makes sense with\n[this](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n1-grammar-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6-ni-shitatte/)\ngrammar page.\n\nA lot of confusion about 「だったっていうんですもの」: I guess it's だった (past tense of だ) +\nっていう (< という) + んです (explicative) + もの (because), but I don't really understand\nit's meaning, maybe because I'm completely at a loss with the following part.\nI guess it's something like \"Since they needed two people...\" given as\nexplanation for what follows, but I'm guessing and don't really understand the\nwhole structure, mainly the 「という」 part.\n\nAbout 「前を通りかかってちょっと悪戯で持って行くなんてこと考えられません」... 「前を通りかかって」, \"To pass by\";\n「ちょっと悪戯{いたずら}」, maybe \"A little prank\"? Not sure about what role is playing\n「で」 here, since none of the [meaning](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%A7) I know\nseem to fit; maybe \"and\". Then I guess 「なんてこと考えられない」 means \"I can't think such\na thing\". So maybe something like \"I can't think about someone passing by\ndoing a little prank and [で] taking it away [持って行く]\"? I'm just guessing from\nwhat I can understand, if that's the meaning a breaking down of the grammar\nwould be a great help.\n\nAlso if I'm right in my understanding, I don't understand the reply (third\nsentence): one character says \"I can't think this is a prank\", and the other\nreplies \"What about if it were more people\"? Doesn't seem to make much sense -\nit fits with the thing being heavy, but it doesn't seem to fit with how I\nunderstood the part about the 悪戯; maybe the character is saying she can't\nthink about **one** person doing such a thing just for fun?\n\nMy full reading, with a good measure of guess work and too much thinking about\na single sentence, is:\n\n> I wonder if it could be a prank pulled by drunkards.\n>\n> But it was fixed to the ground and quite heavy. Not big like a merry-go-\n> round horse, but even considering it it took both Kunio and dad to bring it\n> there, so I can't think someone passing by pulled a prank and took it away.\n>\n> In that case, what about if they were more than one? With 群集心埋 helping, they\n> could have done it.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-01-23T00:57:26.020",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-で",
"explanatory-の"
],
"title": "Sentence meaning - 「それにしたって」, 「だったっていうんですもの」, 「で」",
"view_count": 601
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your translation is actually good overall. You can split this long sentence\ninto two and interpret them individually.\n\n> 本式のメリーゴーランドの馬のように大きくはないけれど、それにしたって持って来る時は国雄さんとお父さんと二人がかりだったっていうんですもの、 \n> It's not as large as a genuine merry-go-round horse, but still, I heard it\n> took two people (Kunio and dad) when they brought it there!\n\n * っていう (=という) describes hearsay (\"I heard ～\", \"They say ～\").\n * This もの is a sentence-end particle explained [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5648/5010).\n\n> ［前を通りかかってちょっと悪戯で持って行く］なんてこと考えられません \n> It's impossible to believe such an idea that someone passed by and took it\n> away casually as a prank.\n\n * The nuance of this ちょっと is \"casually\", \"without thinking\", etc.\n * This で is a particle that is functioning as a condition/situation/scope marker (e.g., 全部で = in total, 出来心で = out of a whim, 癖で = by habit, 割引で = at a discount price)\n\n> I don't understand the reply (third sentence): one character says \"I can't\n> think this is a prank\", and the other replies \"What about if it were more\n> people\"?\n\nThe point of the second speaker is \"the horse is too heavy (for a single\nperson) to carry casually (although someone who is very serious may have been\nable to do it alone using a machine)\". The third person's reply is simply\n\"there were more than one\", which is a natural guess because there was no\n_serious_ reason to move the horse.\n\nBy the way, the second speaker is saying there was a 土台, but I feel she\nactually wanted to say 台座 (pedestal; stand). Judging from the flow of the\nconversation, I think the horse was not firmly fixed to the ground.",
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74034
|
74036
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74036
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{
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"body": "This my first post, so hello everyone!\n\n 1. wa vs ga: When I introduce myself to someone, is it always assumed that my name is already the topic even though nobody has mentioned it before? I've never heard anyone say \"boku no namae **ga** \". We always say \"wa\". Also, what happens if I am already talking about a topic, but provide completely new and astounding information about it, e.g, I spend an hour talking about my dog to my friend and then I suddenly tell him: \"my dog can fly\"? Ignoring the absurdity of the statement, would I use ga or wa here?\n\n 2. Does the subject always need to be a specific word, e.g, if I am talking about food do I still need to use \"ga\" for every new food that I mention?\n\n 3. o vs wa: For example, when do I use \"gohan o tabe masu,\" and when do I need \"gohan wa tabe masu.\" Gohan may be the topic but it is also the object of an action. Is it interchangeable in this case?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-23T09:47:01.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"particle-が",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Can someone help me understand Japanese particles?",
"view_count": 710
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think I know the answers, although I’m a novice.\n\n 1. Yes, personal names would practically always take wa when used like shown in your example. \n\n 2. No, there are other particles you can use, like mo and ya, etc. \n\n 3. Yes, interchangeable.",
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"creation_date": "2020-01-23T12:02:22.980",
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"body": "Ok your question is really quite general about particles, so I'm going to give\nsome general advice.\n\n**1:** Instead of reducing each individual situation or sentence to a 'do I\nuse wa or ga here?' question, try to think of the overall meaning of the\nparticles instead. If you grasp the deeper meaning of the particles, you will\nstart to understand the answer intuitively. 'wa' marks the topic of a sentence\nand 'ga' marks the grammatical subject (ie the subject of the verb). That\nmeans that sometimes they are interchangeable because sometimes the subject of\nthe verb is also the topic of the sentence. But many times, one or the other\nis preferred because of the context. A short answer would only leave gaps. My\npoint is that you need to see the grammatical functions of these particles and\nunderstand them in the context of the sentences and the meaning within.\n\n**2:** You don't need to keep repeating a subject. Japanese can be very\nintuitive, with the listener assuming the subject/topic correctly. You could\nuse the particle も to indicate other things which are included as the subject.\n\n**3:** As with 1 above, try to see 'wo' as a direct object marker. When a verb\nhas an object, you use 'wo' to mark it (unless replacing it with something\nlike 'mo'). Therefore, there are times when you can use 'wa' instead of 'wo'\nto contrast something, but in general 'wo' is the default particle to use when\nmarking the object of a verb.\n\nYou could write a book on particles and their usage (many people have), so\nunfortunately you can't get all the answers you need in one reply here. Still,\nI hope that helped.",
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"creation_date": "2020-01-23T22:11:23.510",
"id": "74044",
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{
"body": "For questions about when you can and cannot use `は`, I generally find a good\nrule of thumb is to try translating any \" _(something)_ + は\" to \"as for\n_(something)_ \" or \"regarding _(something)_ \" in English, and see how it\nsounds:\n\n> 私{わたし}の名前{なまえ}はジョンです \n> As for my name, (it) is John.\n\nJust as with `は`, \"as for ___\" has similar implications about bringing up some\nsubject that's already being discussed or already in the listeners' mind as a\npossible topic for discussion (the \"universe of discourse\"). In the above\ncase, \"as for\" doesn't seem too out of place, and thus we can probably use\n`は`, because my existence is already part of the conversation (I would hope)\nand it's assumed that everybody has a name, so the concept of my name is\nsomething that's already present in the potential realm of our discussion, and\n(particularly in Japanese), anyone who doesn't know my name is probably\nalready wondering to themselves what it is, so it's going to be on their mind\nalready.\n\nOn the other hand, if I were to say (out of the blue) \"As for my dog, he likes\nto run around\", your reaction might be more of \"wait, what do you mean 'as\nfor' your dog? Were we talking about that before and I missed it?\". This is a\ncase where `が` is the more appropriate particle, because \"my dog\" isn't\nsomething that's already potentially on people's minds.\n\nBut if I were talking about my dog for a while, and then said \"as for my dog,\nhe can also fly\", the fact that we're talking about a flying dog doesn't\nreally change the fact that my dog is already in our realm of conversation, so\nsaying \"as for my dog\" isn't particularly strange. Likewise, using `は` in\nJapanese would be fine, since the dog has already been in people's minds in\nthe conversation.\n\nAlso, similarly to \"as for\" in English, `は` can sometimes have a contrastive\nsense in Japanese as well. If, for example, we were talking about _your_ dog,\nI could then say \"as for my dog _(as opposed to yours)_ , he can also fly\",\nand using \"as for\" makes sense even though I'd never mentioned my dog before,\nbecause it's in the realm of dogs (which we were already discussing) and I'm\ncontrasting mine with yours.\n\nThis actually leads into your question about food. If we're already discussing\nother types of foods, and you want to talk about a new one, then you can\npotentially use `は`, but it will have a bit of a contrastive effect e.g.:\n\n> 寿司{すし} **が** 好{す}きじゃない -- \"I don't like sushi\" \n> 寿司{すし} **は** 好{す}きじゃない -- \"As for sushi _(as opposed to the other stuff we\n> were talking about)_ , I don't like it.\"\n\n_(Edit: I originally had something in here about general vs. specific\nstatements, but as folks pointed out it was a bit misleading and my example\nwas bad for a couple of reasons, so I've removed it. Also adding the following\nbit:)_\n\nIt should be noted that one case where this rule of thumb doesn't always work,\nand Japanese does things differently than English, is when dealing with many\nnegative statements, especially negative states of existence (saying something\nisn't there). For example, contrast the following statements:\n\n> 犬{いぬ} **が** います -- \"There is a dog\" \n> 犬{いぬ} **は** いません -- \"There isn't a dog\"\n\nWhen expressing the negative form, the `が` changes to `は`, even though\naccording to the \"as for\" rule of thumb, this seems like it should be odd.\nThat is, what we're essentially saying is:\n\n> As for a dog, there isn't one\n\n..even though we may never have made any prior mention of a dog. In English,\nthis is weird, but in Japanese this is perfectly natural (and in fact, using\n`が` here would be strange/unnatural in Japanese).\n\nThe way I generally think about this is that we tend to use `は` here because\nof its contrastive effect. Essentially, if we're saying something isn't there\n(for example, in a room), the fact that we're stating it is already implying\nthat there probably are some things there, or somebody was expecting there to\nbe something there, it's just that that particular thing isn't one of them, so\nessentially what we're saying is:\n\n> As for a dog (as opposed to the other things around), there isn't one.\n\nThis makes some sense in the context of the contrastive `は` in Japanese, but\nis really a bit of a stretch in English, so this difference with negatives is\nreally just one of those things you have to keep in mind isn't quite the same\nwhen thinking of `は` in this way.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2020-02-24T22:01:18.037",
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{
"body": "I am also a beginner, here is what I got.\n\nLet's play a game with English using Japanese grammar.\n\n> Dogs **GA** bones **O** eat **MASU**\n\nCompares to\n\n> Dogs eat bones.\n\nNow you know **ga** is essential for a sentence, because it tells you what is\na subject from grammar views.\n\nJust imagine if we don't know who is the subject in the following sentence,\nwho beat whom?:\n\n> Beats, Bob, John.\n\n**ga** is so important, you will meet it far more than **wa** in Japanese.\n\nBut what about **wa**?\n\nThere is no such concept in English. **wa** tells you the topic. In this case,\nthe sentence structure is not\n\n> subject verb object\n\nbut\n\n> Topic wa description\n\nA more accurate translation of **wa** is: As for\n\nWhen you introduce yourself, the listeners will know that you are talking\nabout yourself. Can you use **ga** , If your sentence needs an explicit\nsubject, **you can and you have to** , since **wa** does nothing in grammar\nfunctions.\n\n**What if I provide new information?**\n\n**wa** always switch topics, so if you are talking about something new, you\nneed to use **wa**.\n\nBut the options to this question should be **use wa VS omit wa** , not **wa VS\nga**\n\n**gohan o tabe masu VS gohan wa tabe masu.**\n\nI think you have known the answer, _gohan o tabe masu_ means \"eat rice\",\n_gohan wa tabe masu_ means \"As for rice, eat\", you may say it to people that\ndon't know what is rice.",
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"creation_date": "2020-02-25T11:02:31.317",
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}
] |
74037
| null |
74606
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74043",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm very new to Japanese study, so please bear with me...\n\n> 日本語の勉強は楽しいです。 数学の勉強も楽しいです。\n\nIn this example, study of Japanese is fun. Study of math is also fun, も is\nused to indicate that math, similarly to Japanese, is also fun to study. I.e.\nthat studying math shares the characteristic of studying Japanese _already_\nmentioned. I know this is correct. However, if one wanted to mention a\ndifferent characteristic of math that has not already been mentioned, by\nvirtue of commenting on Japanese study, could また be used?\n\nFor example:\n\n> 日本語の勉強は楽しいです。 また、数学の勉強は難しいです。 \n> (Study of Japanese is fun. Also, study of math is difficult.)\n\nI'm fairly sure も could not be used here as the two subjects are not sharing\nthe same description. But, am unsure as to whether or not the use of また, to\nmean also/moreover/furthermore, etc. is correct, or if it is better to just\nomit また and use two non-linked sentences.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-23T13:50:59.103",
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"id": "74039",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-23T21:40:31.430",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-23T14:21:19.930",
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"owner_user_id": "36655",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Distinction between また and も",
"view_count": 313
}
|
[
{
"body": "Using `また` when you are comparing two things that don't share the same\ndescription doesn't sound natural. `また` doesn't really connect these two\nsentences in that case.\n\nIt would be...\n\n> 日本語の勉強は楽しいです。でも、数学の勉強は難しいです。\n>\n> (Study of Japanese is fun. But, study of math is difficult)\n\nbecause you are comparing two subjects with different descriptions (one being\nfun but another being difficult).\n\nYou could also say...\n\n> 日本語の勉強は楽しいですが、数学の勉強は難しいです。\n>\n> 日本語の勉強は楽しいけど、数学の勉強は難しいです。\n>\n> 日本語の勉強は楽しいです。数学の勉強は難しいです。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-23T21:40:31.430",
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}
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74039
|
74043
|
74043
|
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