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The more often you do the thing, the more pronounced the trail becomes.
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Over time, it turns into a path that is easier to tread, so you take it more often and it turns into a street.
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As you repeat doing the thing over and over for years, the street turns into a highway.
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Traversing it becomes effortless, familiar and comfortable.
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The more pronounced your brain highways, the more you get used to their comfort.
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So we continue to use them, which means we tend to do what we've always done.
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This is why change is hard, especially as an adult, when your jungle is crisscrossed by lots of established streets and highways.
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To understand how those highways are built, we need to distinguish between two things.
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A routine is a sequence of actions that you carry out the same way every time, because they've worked out well for you.
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For example, you get the same ingredients for your favorite dish and cook them in a certain order because you like the taste of the result.
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Or before going to bed, you set an alarm at 6.30 because this is when you want to get up.
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Imagine routines as being executed by a wise planner.
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It's slow and analytical, responsible for strategizing and mental calculations.
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The planner is aware of the future and carefully considers what kinds of result you want.
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Based on that, it chooses actions to achieve specific outcomes, even if they are uncomfortable, like taking a shower after getting up.
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Routines can eventually turn into habits, which feel much easier because they're basically a sequence of actions carried out without thinking about them.
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You've done them so often before that your brain considers them rewarding and a great response to a situation.
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So a habit can feel like you're on autopilot.
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You don't have to convince yourself to do something that's a habit, you just do it.
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The important thing about habits is that they are set in motion by triggers, context cues that can be single things or entire situations
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You already have a lot of triggers in your life, like when you see your phone.
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You almost always unlock the screen or you reach for the seatbelt when you sit in a car.
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Or when you buy your coffee before work, you also get a cookie, even though you aren't actually hungry.
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Habits are executed by an impulsive toddler.
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It responds to your immediate desires based on what's around you, without considering any longer-term goals.
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For the toddler, the future doesn't exist and it hates hard work.
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So when it notices a trigger, it steers you to take this easy road inside your brain that leads to a familiar, rewarding result.
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If you get coffee, the toddler also wants the cookie just because that's what you do every morning.
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This rewarding feeling is also how most of your bad habits started.
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Chocolate is tasty, browsing Reddit is occasionally mildly entertaining.
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This is why you repeat these actions, even if they're bad for you.
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Rewarding feelings associated with an action demand to be repeated and so a bad habit is born.
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While the toddler sounds like a built-in sabotage mechanism, it is as important as the wise planner and actually they work together most of the time.
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You need your wise planner for thinking big thoughts and parallel parking and doing your taxes.
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But letting your wise planner do everything would cost too much energy.
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Outsourcing mundane and repetitive tasks to habits managed by the toddler allows your brain to easily manage your daily life
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So if we want to change and introduce a new behavior into our lives, we can actually use these energy saving mechanisms to make it easier.
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We'll focus on small things, not big ones.
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Improving your life a little is so much better than aiming high and changing nothing.
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Especially because small changes can do a lot over months and years.
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If you want to make change easier, the best way may not be to force it with willpower, but to convince your brain that it's not that big of a deal.
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You want your wise planner to construct that first trail and then use your toddler to help initiate the action effortlessly.
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Let's say you want to work out to be fitter, a very common goal.
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The first thing to do is to break down this pretty vague goal into clear separate actions, because the idea is to make the action itself as easy a threshold as possible.
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For example, a tangible controllable action might be doing 10 squats every morning.
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So you can start by trying to create a routine, but already include clear triggers that the toddler can pick up later on.
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Remember, a trigger is nothing more than a signal that you always associate with the action.
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They can be visual pointers like seeing a particular object, like your training outfit.
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Or even better, all of these things combined.
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The important thing is that you always start doing your action in a specific context.
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This trigger is the start button that will eventually set off the action automatically.
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So to establish a home workout habit with 10 squats to begin with,
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you could make sure to always do them with your exercise gear on at the same place and time, like in your living room at 8am.
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Once you have your trigger and action, all you need to do is repeat them regularly, ideally every day.
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If you keep going, they will change from a routine to a habit, from a trail to a highway.
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Don't get this wrong, the squats will still take you energy to do.
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But the decision to do them will feel much less like a chore and more like a regular part of your day.
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While this is simple, it's not easy.
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Many things you want to turn into habit don't offer as much instant gratification as wasting time on Reddit.
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To make your new action easier to repeat and more likely to be picked up by the toddler, try to make it pleasurable.
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You need to figure out what works for you.
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In principle, that's it.
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How long it takes for your toddler to take over and establish a habit varies widely.
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It depends on the behavior you're trying to get used to, what kind of person you are, your stress levels, and many more things.
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It takes anything between 15 and 250 days until a new habit is kicked off automatically by its trigger.
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You won't know how long it will take for you, but you will know how long it will take for your toddler.
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Starting is the easy part, especially in the first week or two.
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Continuing to do it every day is the hard part, but it does get easier as you keep going.
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There are no silver bullets for change.
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But the science of habits is a reminder that it is possible no matter how old or young you are.
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Even if you only end up doing a little more good stuff or a few new things, that's still a success.
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Being a little bit more healthy or knowledgeable is a million times better than being unhappy about a thing and changing nothing.
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In the end, change is a direction, not a destination.
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So now, hoping we've given you a bit of insight and motivation, here is a thing we made to make this progress easier with design and science.
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Please bear in mind, you don't need to buy anything to work on yourself.
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This is optional.
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Having said that, we struggle with change as much as anyone else, so we've created our own habit journal, as much for ourselves as for you.
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Before we printed anything, we tested it on ourselves and got feedback from the Kurzgesagt team and experts.
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The idea is for you to track your habit progress for your desired behavior.
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There's a tutorial part which guides you through the hardest part of the process step by step.
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You'll get helpful pointers, reflect on your progress and how you could make things easier for yourself.
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Once you get through the tutorial part, the habit journaling starts, regularly interwoven with examples, science breaks and reflections
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Like our gratitude journal, it's cloth-bound with an embossed hardcover and printed on high quality paper.
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Nice to the touch and with lots of beautiful illustrations, this book is a companion on your personal change journey, however small or big it may be.
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Getting things from our shop is the best way to support Kurzgesagt and what we try to do here on the channel.
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Thank you for watching.
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These solar flares and coronal mass ejections or CMEs can hit Earth and have serious consequences for humanity.
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How exactly do they work, how bad could they be, and can we prepare for them?
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While the Sun seems pretty solid, it's actually like a very hot ocean.
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This plasma is pushed around and shaped by the Sun's magnetic field, similar to how the Sun's gravitational field reaches out to the planets and shapes their orbits.
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But magnetism is very different from gravity.
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Magnetism is one part of a dual force electromagnetism.
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Electricity creates magnetic fields and magnetic fields create electricity.
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On the Sun, the plasma made of electrically charged protons and electrons creates a magnetic field as they move, and this magnetic field then shapes the flow of particles.
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They're stuck in a dynamic feedback loop called a dynamo, which keeps the Sun's magnetic field alive.
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This magnetic field stores enormous amounts of energy and leaks out over the solar system.
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It carries with it a constant trickle of solar plasma like a light rain, known as the solar wind, creating a sort of space weather.
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But it isn't always calm and smooth.
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As the Sun's plasma churns and flows around itself, its magnetic field gets all kinked and twisted.
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This creates magnetic knots that build up enormous amounts of energy.
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