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On 14 May 2003 Prof. A.J. Moses was awarded an honorary degree - "Doctor Honoris Causa" by the Lublin University of Technology (LUT), Poland. This was partially a part of recognition of the strong cooperation between LUT, other Polish Institutes and WCM, which started in 1985.
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Example. Figure 4 shows an oriented framework of a 1-dof tree-decomposable linkage with base non-edge formula_283, located in an interval of the Cayley configuration space, and two other frameworks whose orientations are about to change. The vertices corresponding to construction steps are labelled in order of construction. More specifically, the first framework has the realization type formula_284. There is a continuous motion path to the second framework, which has the realization type formula_285. Hence, this framework corresponds to an interval endpoint and jumping to a new interval results in the realization type formula_286. Likewise, the third framework is corresponds to an interval endpoint with the realization type formula_287 and jumping to a new interval results in the realization type formula_288.
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Red blooms, a type of plankton bloom with a characteristic scarlet pigment, occur every year in the Columbia River estuary, lasting several months during late summer to early fall. The marine ciliate "Myrionecta rubra" is responsible for this annual discoloration. Research has found that while not toxic, dense blooms of "M. rubra" can impact estuaries, fjords, and upwelling areas and have been associated with high rates of local primary production.
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In June 2004 the Wolfson Centre was host to the Fifth European Magnetic Sensors and Actuators Conference (EMSA).
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Theorem. (1) For a generic formula_70-path, 1-dof tree-decomposable linkage formula_5 with low Cayley complexity, there exists a bijective correspondence between the set of frameworks of formula_5 and points on a formula_145-dimensional curve, whose points are the minimum complete Cayley distance vectors. (2) For a generic 1-dof tree-decomposable linkage formula_5 with low Cayley complexity, there exists a bijective correspondence between the set of frameworks of formula_5 and points on an formula_33-dimensional curve, whose points are the minimum complete Cayley distance vectors, where formula_33 is the number of last level vertices of the graph formula_4.
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"M. rubra" gets its red color from consuming cryptophytes, or algae, that contain a red pigment called phycoerythrin in their chloroplasts. In the Columbia River estuary, "M. rubra" commonly preys on the cryptophyte "Teleaulax amphioxeia." From its prey, "M. rubra" also acquires specialty cellular organs in order to photosynthesize and effectively absorbs these compounds into its own body. This process is referred to as "acquired phototrophy", and for "M. rubra" includes the assimilation of chloroplasts, nuclei, and mitochondria During the day, the ciliates stay near the surface of the water to photosynthesize, which is how the red blooms are easily observed.
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In August 2005 Professor David Jiles was appointed as the new director and the name of the centre was changed to its current form Wolfson Centre for Magnetics to better reflect the range of activities being undertaken within the centre, which includes not only magnetics technology but also basic scientific aspects of magnetics.
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Theorem. For general formula_3-norms, a graph formula_4 has an inherent convex Cayley configuration space in formula_16 if and only if formula_4 is formula_34-flattenable.
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One question of interest associated with "M. rubra" is its ability to spread within the Columbia River estuary in spite of the short residence time of the water. The red blooms have been observed initiating near the river mouth, then establishing throughout the entire lower estuary. "M. rubra" is quite motile and can swim (1.2 cm / second) and jump (as much as 160 µm in 20 milliseconds), which could explain how they are able to stay within the estuary for months at a time.
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WCM is a multinational centre and its members come from various countries around the world: Bangladesh, Brazil, Burma, China, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, India, Iraq, Japan, Lebanon, Poland, Romania, South Africa, Spain, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, Thailand and United States.
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The "only if" direction was proved in using the fact that the formula_304 distance cone formula_305 is convex. As a direct consequence, formula_34-flattenable graphs and graphs with inherent convex Cayley configuration spaces in formula_16 have the same forbidden minor characterization. See Graph Flattenability for results on these characterizations, as well as a more detailed discussion on the connection between Cayley configuration spaces and flattenability.
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The blooms have a dramatic impact on the local ecosystem and nutrient levels. Globally, studies have shown that "M. rubra" blooms are associated with higher levels of bacteria, dissolved organic nutrients, oxygen saturation, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen. Specifically in the Columbia River estuary, red blooms correspond with increased secondary production by microbes and decreased ammonium, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon levels. A further study in the Columbia River estuary found that high concentrations of organic nutrients and low amounts of inorganic nitrogen were associated with the red waters. "M. rubra" blooms also created areas characterized by high primary production and increased levels of particulate organic matter during this period, thus shifting the trophic status in red water areas from net heterotrophy towards autotrophy, making "M. rubra"'s red blooms a seasonal biogeochemical hotspot of the Columbia River estuary.
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Cardiff University plans a further major expansion of the WCM to increase the number of faculty working in magnetics and to continue the improvement of the existing research facilities. The expansion will focus on aspects of magnetics related to energy, healthcare, nanoscale magnetics, sensors. These include: bulk hard magnetic materials, high frequency materials, low-dimensional materials (micro and nano), nanoscale magnetic structures, magnetic non-destructive evaluation methods, and biomedical applications of magnetics.
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Example. Consider the graph in Figure 3 with both non-edges added as edges. The resulting graph is a formula_145-tree, which is formula_145-flattenable under the formula_310 and formula_75 norms, see Graph Flattenability. Hence, the theorem above indicates that the graph has an inherent convex Cayley configuration space in formula_137 under the formula_310 and formula_75 norms. In particular, the Cayley configuration space over one or both of the non-edges formula_234 and formula_235 is convex.
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Nutrient cycling is affected by human alteration referred to as anthropogenic impacts. The Columbia River Basin is home to nearly five million residents, and the rapid alteration of land in the past several centuries has shifted many aspects of nutrient dynamics within this environment. Human processes such as construction (such as for dams), logging, and mining can impact sediment transport, resulting in decreased accumulation and/or the enhancement or removal of nutrients. The cycling of nutrients within the Columbia River Basin is also affected by differences in land-use through variability in human development and vegetation. Land use of the basin within the United States is primarily forested (87 percent), with 11 percent of land used for agriculture, and 2 percent for urban areas.
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On completion the Wolfson Centre for Magnetics will be one of the largest and best-equipped research centres in magnetics in Europe.
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The EASAL algorithm makes use of the techniques developed in for dealing with convex Cayley configuration spaces to describe the dimensional, topological, and geometric structure of Euclidean configuration spaces in formula_217. More precisely, for two sets of formula_33 points formula_319 and formula_156 in formula_217 with interval distance constraints between pairs of points coming from different sets, EASAL outputs all the frameworks of this linkage such that no pair of constrained points is too close together and at least one pair of constrained points is sufficiently close together. This algorithm has applications in molecular self-assembly.
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Human-related activity has contributed over 50 percent of the available global reactive nitrogen. The Haber-Bosch process is an artificial means of nitrogen fixation, producing over 450 million tons of ammonia per year. Much of this yield is used for agricultural purposes through fertilizers. Agricultural sources of nitrogen reach rivers primarily through the erosion of soil sediments, but also through airborne dust and gaseous transport of volatilized NH from livestock manure and fertilizers.
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In 2007 the WCM was the host for the Soft Magnetic Materials Conference (SMM18) and in 2008 will be for 1&2DM Workshop.
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At the beginning of the twentieth century, agriculture began to exceed mining and became the Columbia River Basin's primary economic industry. The Columbia River has been subject to cultural eutrophication in part due to the use of the river and its tributaries to irrigate over seven million acres of farmland, an extraction that comprises an average of 93 percent of daily water use in the basin. Natural run-off caused by precipitation and snowpack melt across agricultural lands further transports more of these nutrients into the river. In the late 1990s, the nitrogen load in the Columbia river was over twice the concentration historically observed.
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During its existence over 150 higher degrees were awarded on basis of research carried out in WCM. Over the years many internationally known scientists were, and are working within the WCM:
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Forests are important terrestrial sinks for nutrients due to the ability of vegetation to sequester excess nutrients into their biomass. Additionally, plant roots stabilize soils and consequently prevent a large portion of the nutrient pool to be transferred via runoff into rivers and other waterways. Studies of nearby Pacific Northwest forests have found that logged forests lose 1.6 to 3 times the amount of nutrients over several years times compared to undisturbed areas. By 1992, 35 percent of the total harvestable forest in the Columbia River Basin had been logged. Consequently, though direct quantification of these processes within the Columbia River watershed have not yet occurred, the ubiquitous changes in land-use by the logging industry have changed the delivery of nutrients into the system.
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A significant nutrient source from developed areas into aquatic ecosystems is through sewage and septic systems. Municipal waste, high in nitrogen and phosphorus, is sometimes treated by wastewater facilities or through soil filtration, but often some excess nutrients leak and contribute to eutrophication. Human sewage waste in the United States accounts for about 12 percent of average annual nitrogen input into rivers. Often, there are many small-scale sources of this discharge and no one input is clearly dominating nutrient loading. However, occasionally unexpected events, usually through sewer systems or at wastewater plants, occur that result in a significant singular emission. In the fall of 2017 for example, a power failure at a treatment facility in Vancouver, Washington led to the discharge of over 510,000 gallons of wholly untreated and partially treatment effluent. The continuing background discharge along with larger-scale, periodic emission events comprise a large input of human-derived nutrient loading.
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Beginning in the 1930s with the construction of the Bonneville and Grand Coulee dams, the Columbia River has experienced significant modification to its flow. Today, the US Army Corps of Engineers recognize over 250 reservoirs, 150 hydroelectric projects, and 18 mainstem dams on the Columbia and its main tributary, the Snake River. Dams have been shown to directly impact nutrient cycling within the Columbia river basin through the formation of reservoirs which dramatically alter river hydrology and discharge rates and as a result constitute a major anthroprogenic impact on nutrient cycling in the river. Due to its size and the large number of dams within the basin, the Columbia River basin is often used as representative case study on how dams an impact nutrient cycling of watersheds in general. Notably, dam construction in the Columbia River Basin has impacted relative nutrient ratios, methane production, and salmon migration.
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To provide context for the scale of change that dams can effect, the construction of the Bonneville dam in the late 1930s completely submerged the Cascades Rapids, permanently changing the local river hydrology and subsequently altering local nutrient transport and processes in the region. The restriction of flow as well as the creation of standing water upriver of the dams have been linked to deleterious effects on nutrient cycling in similar ecosystems, such as the Murray River Basin in Australia and the Danube River Basin in Europe, through processes such as the alteration of particle residence times and nutrient loading.
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Macronutrients, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicate are strongly impacted by increased residence times in reservoirs created by dam construction throughout the Columbia River Basin. Exact nutrient retention rates can vary between 16 and 98 percent depending on local hydrology, reservoir design, and location in the basin. However, this increase in nutrient retention rates in the Columbia River basin has generally modified the relative ratios of available nutrients from their natural state, which has subsequently altered the efficiency of compound usage by primary producers such as diatoms.
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Diatoms are directly affected by the hydrodynamic changes that reservoirs create. The slow moving, fresh water in reservoirs facilitates high settling rates for siliceous diatom shells, which can both bloom in the reservoir or be carried into the river from upstream. Diatom shells are negatively buoyant and have a natural tenancy to settle, this coupled with the reduced forward momentum of standing water in a reservoir, and the physical barrier a dam increase the settling rate of diatom shells within the reservoir. This high settling rate, coupled with slow dissolution of silicate in freshwater, leads to a net decrease in silicate recycling and reduced silicate transport through the Columbia River Basin and export out of the estuary resulting in a net decrease in the overall silicate budget.
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These same hydrodynamic changes also result in a net increase in phosphorus and nitrogen recycling in reservoirs. Settling rates for algae, other than diatoms, are slow. Slow settling rates allow for algae to remain in the water column longer, allowing for increased release for organically bound phosphorus and nitrogen into the water column through remineralization.
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The combine impact of increased silicate retention and increased remineralization of phosphorus and nitrogen can result in high N/Si and P/Si ratios within and below reservoirs; these increased rations can be further compounded by increase nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from eutrophication. The high N/Si and P/Si rations caused by these processes can be harmful to the local ecosystem in the basin; for example, N/Si ratios greater than 1 can result in excess nitrogen relative to diatom requirements, this can promote the growth of other phytoplankton species, negatively affecting diatom communities.
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This impact of reservoirs on the transport and recycling of silicate, phosphorus, and nitrogen, is not unique to the Columbia River Basin, but has had a measurable impact on the export of these nutrients through the basin and out of the estuary. As discussed in context with the PDO and ENSO, since 1858, total silicate export out of the Columbia river basin through the estuary has decreased over 50 percent with about 40 percent of that reduction liked directly to dam construction. Finally, as discussed above, these changed in nutrient ratios have largely contributed to the greening of the Columbia river estuary.
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Reservoirs often serve as a catchment basin for organic matter such as vegetation, and waste transferred into the river via rainwater runoff. Initially, this organic matter provides a nutrient source; however, as it continues to accumulate and begins to decompose, the respiration of this organic matter can quickly deplete oxygen levels leading to anoxia. Under anoxic conditions, the large amount of organic matter are further broken down through anaerobic respiration and methanogenesis into carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH). These decomposition processes can occur rapidly after flooding, when large amount of fresh organic matter are transported into the river, and as a result methane and carbon dioxide release can be large.
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Anaerobic respiration, which occurs in the absence of highly oxidizing molecular oxygen, utilizes less-oxidized electron acceptors such as nitrate (NO). As a result, high levels of anaerobic respiration can result in denitrification. This process of denitrification removes nitrogen from the Columbia River Basin, by converting available nitrogen, important for primary production, from its usable dissolved forms (i.e. NO and NO) to its gaseous form (N).
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Dams provide a barrier for migrating fish such as salmon, limiting their abilities to swim upstream. As discussed above, studies in the Pacific Northwest and Scandinavia have demonstrated that migratory fish can provide 30 percent or more of the phosphorus input to oligotrophic lakes. These rates of phosphorus fertilization, as well as similarly high rates of nitrogen fertilization, come from the decomposition of adult carcasses after mating and can be significantly affected by reduced migration caused by dam construction. Research estimates as much as 7 to 15 percent of the migrating salmon stock perish as they cross each consecutive dam. Lower rates of successful salmon migration redistribute the remineralization of nitrogen and phosphorus by reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization upstream of dams, as a result there is a successive reduction in nutrients upstream of each consecutive dam. The redistribution of nutrients in the Columbia River Basin is currently a popular area of research; however, additional data is needed to determine the lasting implications of these changes.
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The complexity of nutrient cycles is an enduring challenge to understanding ecosystem function. Particularly, in areas of significant habitation and modification by humans, these systems are experiencing rapid periods of alteration from historical precedents within the Columbia river Basin. These shifts in human habitation and impact have further complicated and obscured insights into the behavior of nutrient cycling. As the dominant water system in the Pacific Northwest and the home to nearly five million people, the Columbia River Basin integrates these numerous natural and anthropogenic biogeochemical processes. Consequently, the watershed is a foundational environmental resource, providing the region with many goods and services including jobs, natural materials (timber, fresh water), and recreation at a capital worth recently estimated to be $198 billion annually. However, the efficacy and ability of the system to provide these assets largely hinges upon the function of such essential ecosystem components like nutrient cycling. Perturbations to nutrient cycling may result in deleterious effects to both the environment and to resident human populations, possibly through the emergence of toxic plankton blooms, decreased aesthetic value, dissolved oxygen depletion, and reduced fish stocks. Ultimately, the sustainability of the Columbia River Basin ecosystem and its impact on residents are firmly connected by the function of nutrient cycles.
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Richard Jack (d. 1759) was a Scottish mathematician, astronomer, and engineer active in the mid-18th century. He provided the only testimony against Lt.Gen.John Cope at the court martial following the Battle of Prestonpans during the 1745 Jacobite uprising buthaving exaggerated his own accomplishments and lacking corroborationJack's testimony was discounted by the judges, who found Cope blameless. Jack was later involved in the development of achromatic lenses and his work on conic sections was a source for the mathematical sections of the first edition of the "Encyclopaedia Britannica".
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Richard Jack was born in Scotland in the United Kingdom, probably between 1710 and 1715. He married Elizabeth Brown on 14 March 1737, around which time he was teaching mathematics in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1737. The couple later had a son, also named Richard. Jack lectured on mathematics in Edinburgh, probably from 1739 to 1743 when he ran advertisements in the "Caledonian Mercury". He enjoyed the patronage of Hugh Hume-Campbell, the 3rd earl of Marchmont, whom he was helping to observe sunspots.
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During Charles Edward Stuart's Jacobite uprising in 1745, Jack remained loyal to GeorgeII. Volunteering, he was entrusted with arranging some of the placement of the cannon at Edinburgh as a fortifications engineer under the guidance of Prof.Colin MacLaurin. He fled with most of the other Hanoverian forces ahead of Charles's unopposed entrance into Edinburgh on 17 September. He then performed reconnaissance on the Stuart forces, counting and evaluating the men in the main force encamped on Arthur's Seat on 19 September. He claimed that on the next day he had assisted with the planning of the artillery placement and then personally fired two cannons, dislodging Stuart men from the church at Tranent. Other witnesses later averred Jack had claimed knowledge of the theory of gunnery but had not been involved in any of the army's strategy; he had scouted some areas and helped direct artillery fire against the men in Tranent after almost being killed by them, but he had proven so completely inept at the cannons' operation that he never fired them himself. The following day was the 21 September Battle of Prestonpans, during which Jack said he and four sailors worked the same two cannon while Lt.Col.Alan Whiteford and five sailors worked the other four; Lt.Col.Whiteford and other witnesses, however, said the nine sailors had fled before the battle, Jack had been sent away as useless and wasn't seen in the fighting, and Whiteford had been forced to operate all six guns on his own. A year later, on 24 September 1746, Jack was the only eyewitness to testify under oath at the court martial of the Whig commander Lt.Gen.John Cope. He testified that he had seen three officersprobably but not certainly including Copeflee the battlefield ahead of the general defeat after a Highland charge. Given his inflated claims in other matters and lack of corroboration, however, the court discounted his testimony and exonerated Cope, although the general never again held high position.
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On 25 May 1750, Jack received patent #656 for a "quadrant for taking the altitude of the sun or moon by refraction" and also "a refracting telescope with four spherical lenses" jointly with the successful London instrument maker George Adams. They claimed that their design offered 30 levels of magnification and eliminated color abberations. Although those claims were vigorously disputed by rival instrument makers, Jack and Adams seem to have been vindicated by some practical and authoritative test in early 1752 and made a sizeable profit on the design. None of the devices are known to still exist but, on the basis of surviving records, Millburn considers it likely that representatives of the Admiralty or Board of Ordnance praised the patent telescope's high level of magnificationthe most essential attribute for long-range firedespite the accuracy of other complaints about its faults. Jack advertised his lectures on math in London in 1751 and 1754. He also lectured on experimental philosophy, fortification, and gunnery.
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Jack died in 1759. The advertisement for his probate auction stated that he had been "assistant engineer in the late expedition against Guadaloupe", a French colony captured by British forces under Maj.Gen.Peregrine Hopson after a six month siege during the Seven Years' War. His effects included an air pump, microscope, telescopes, and other scientific instruments.
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Jack also composed most of a fourth book, "The Doctrine of Proportion Geometrically Demonstrated", prior to 1745 but lost its manuscript when Stuart forces ransacked his home during their occupation of Edinburgh.
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Jack's work on conic sections was a major reference for the 1771 first edition of the "Encyclopaedia Britannica". His work on a geometrical proof of the existence of God, however, was generally held in low repute and considered by MacFarlane to be "one of the most absurd" attempts to apply mathematical reasoning to theological questions. Gillespie described it as "a specimen of impure Mathematics, gone deplorably out of their road". Writing under the pen name Antitheos, George Simpson offered that Jack's arguments "may afford grounds for curious speculation respecting that bias toward absurdity which is too frequently found to beset the human mind".
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The 25th South American U18 Championships in Athletics were held in Encarnación, Paraguay, on 25 and 26 September 2021.
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Cerasibacillus is a moderately thermophilic, alkaliphilic, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, spore-forming and motile genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae with one known species ("Cerasibacillus quisquiliarum").
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Murray was born in Colchester County, Nova Scotia, and was educated at Dalhousie University and Johns Hopkins University, as well as universities in Berlin and Paris. He was successively associate professor of mathematics at New York University, instructor at Cornell University, professor at Dalhousie University, and, after 1907, professor of applied mathematics at McGill University.
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The 1885 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1885 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 3–2–1.
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Streptomyces spinoverrucosus is a bacterium species from the genus of "Streptomyces" which has been isolated from air in Kuwait. "Streptomyces spinoverrucosus" produces salinazinone A, salinazinone B, galvaquinone A, galvaquinone B, galvaquinone C, spithioneine A, spithioneine B and anthraquinones.
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Robert L. Levy (October 14, 1888 – November 23, 1974) was an American cardiologist, professor emeritus of clinical medicine at Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons and director of the department of cardiology at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center.
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Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before the annual Wimbledon Tennis Championships.
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The 2019-20 Colgate Raiders Men's ice hockey season was the 90th season of play for the program and the 59th season in the ECAC Hockey conference. The Raiders represented the Colgate University and played their home games at Class of 1965 Arena, and were coached by Don Vaughan, in his 27th season as their head coach.
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Robin Elizabeth Reed (August 1, 1956 – July 23, 2022) was an American professor of cell biology at the Harvard Medical School. Her research considered the molecular mechanisms that underpin neurodegenerative disease.
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Glycans mediate inter- and intramolecular interactions by adding polysaccharide chains onto lipids and proteins. Similar to these other macromolecules, RNAs can undergo sialylation and bear glycan structures. Some examples include small nuclear (sn) RNAs, ribosomal (r) RNAs, small nucleolar (sno) RNAs, transfer (t) RNAs, and Y RNAs - the latter of which comprise the greatest percentage of glycosylated RNA species.
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The 1985 World Table Tennis Championships women's singles was the 38th edition of the women's singles championship.
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Wind:<br>Heat 1: -0.2 m/s, Heat 2: ? m/s, Heat 3: -0.3 m/s, Heat 4: 0.0 m/s, Heat 5: +0.5 m/s<br>Heat 6: +1.1 m/s, Heat 7: +0.8 m/s, Heat 8: +1.1 m/s, Heat 9: +1.1 m/s, Heat 10: +1.1 m/s
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The 1918–19 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Dana Evans, who was in his 2nd and final year. The team played its home games at the Men's Gymnasium in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.
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The 1930–31 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University during the 1930–31 men's college basketball season. The head coach was Eddie Cameron, coaching his third season with the Blue Devils. The team finished with an overall record of 14–7.
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The 2018–19 Penn State Nittany Lions men's ice hockey season was the 13th season of play for the program and the 6th season in the Big Ten Conference. The Nittany Lions represented Pennsylvania State University and were coached by Guy Gadowsky, in his 8th season.
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The NSF Engineering Research Center for Wireless Integrated Microsystems (ERC WIMS) was formed in 2000 in Michigan — through the collaboration of the University of Michigan (UM), Michigan State University (MSU), and Michigan Technological University.
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Levy was born on October 14, 1888 in New York City. He graduated from Yale University in 1909 and from Johns Hopkins Medical School in 1913. Levy directed the cardiology department at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. He served twice as President of New York Academy of Medicine, president of New York Heart Association, president of the American Clinical and Climatological Society, chairman of the Subcommittee on Cardiovascular Disease of the National Research Council. "The New York Times" called Levy a "heart pioneer".
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On March 12, ECAC Hockey announced that the remainder of the tournament was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Reed was born on August 1, 1956 in Akron, Ohio to Nancy Nobel Reed and Lawrence Andrew Reed. She was an equestrian, taking part in both dressage and show jumping. Reed was an undergraduate at Hiram College in Ohio, where she majored in biology. She joined Yale University as a technician, where she took advanced science courses to prepare herself for doctoral research there. For her PhD, she worked in the laboratory of Sidney Altman and was the first to clone and sequence the RNA gene. Altman acknowledged her contributions to science in his Nobel Prize lecture.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72359872
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Found primarily on the cell surface, these glycoRNAs can participate in the immune system and cell-to-cell communication.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=71908749
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The Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 10–7 and a conference record of 4–6, finishing 6th in the Big Ten Conference.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48683817
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Playing most of their non-conference schedule at home, Penn State rose up the rankings with a hot start to the season. The team cooled off when their conference schedule began and the Nittany Lions could not find any consistency for several months. Penn State ended up a game below .500 in the Big Ten standings and faced the prospect of having to win the Big Ten Tournament to receive an NCAA berth. After a rocky start the Nittany Lions overcame Wisconsin in the quarterfinal round, then pulled off an upset over top-ranked Ohio State to set PSU against Notre Dame. Both teams faced a win or go home scenario and played a close game throughout. The Fighting Irish gained three separate 1-goal leads and they were able to keep their final edge, holding Penn State off in the third period despite a barrage of shots from the Lions' nation-leading offense.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67044218
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The center is funded by the National Science Foundation. Additional contributions came from the state of Michigan, the three partnering core universities, other federal agencies, and a consortium of about twenty companies.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3690694
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Reed moved to Harvard University for postdoctoral research, where she started working on pre-RNA splicing with Tom Maniatis. Reed characterized the branchpoint sequence in mammalian introns. She also demonstrated that exon sequences affect the splicing site choice.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72359872
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GlycoRNAs were discovered in May 2021 by a Stanford University research team led by Chemical Biologist Dr. Carolyn Bertozzi. The discovery came from an experiment where Post-doc Ryan Flynn used a metabolic tagging technique to label precursor sugars of glycan. What he discovered in the process was glycosylated, cell membrane-bound RNA.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=71908749
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The center researches innovations for wireless integrated microsystemss. The ERC WIMS works on merging micropower circuits, wireless interfaces, biomedical, and environmental sensors and subsystems, and advanced packaging to create microsystems that will have a pervasive impact on society during the next two decades.
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In 1989, Reed was made Assistant Professor of Molecular Physiology at the Harvard Medical School. She was promoted to Professor of Cell Biology in 1999. Reed was interested in human RNA machines, including the survival of motor neuron (SMN) complex and the TRanscription-EXport (TREX) complex. She identified the subunits of the SF3A1 and SF3B complexes.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72359872
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Until now, lipids and proteins were the only kinds of similarly sugar-decorated macromolecules previously understood by science. Although glycoRNAs are not rare, it was understood that their discovery happened only relatively recently, as their presence defied accepted principles of well-established cellular biology.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=71908749
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The partnership combined UM's programs in sensors and microsystems with MSU's leadership in materials, especially in diamond and in carbon nanotubes, and Michigan Tech's expertise in packaging, micromilling, and hot embossing.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3690694
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Reed investigated the similarities between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia and spinal muscular atrophy. Loss of nuclear structures called "Gems" are a cellular hallmark of spinal muscular atrophy. Reed showed that patients with FUS and TDP-43 are also deficient in Gems, which prompted Reed to investigate the Gem phenotype. She argued that disruptions in RNA splicing were common to many motor neuron disorders.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72359872
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The exact mechanism of GlycoRNA glycosylation is still unclear. It remains ambiguous whether it follows a similar process performed by glycolipids and glycoproteins in the ER-Golgi complex or through different machinery. Flynn and Bertozzi have offered the first description of glycoRNA, and suggest that RNAs are glycosylated using the same machinery and mechanism that produces N- and O-linked glycans in glycosylated proteins.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=71908749
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Reed also studied the spliceosome, a multi-component RNA machine. The U2 spliceosomal RNA (U2 snRNA), is the target of the anti-tumor E7107, base pairs in the branchpoint sequence. She showed that E7107 causes defects in the assembly of spliceosomes and stops tight binding of U2 spliceosomal RNA. She identified that TREX was involved in packing and exporting mRNA.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72359872
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Previous experiments have not addressed where and how RNA is tagged with sugars in cells. Proteins and lipids acquire carbohydrate tags primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Principles of cellular biology say the initial transfer of sugars to macromolecules occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum. Then, the subsequent addition of sugars in the Golgi results in the formation of mature glycan structures. In the Golgi, these newly made glycans are packaged into vesicles for transportation into organelles or secreted across the plasma membrane. However, RNA is not known to exist in these compartments.
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Using pharmacological and genetic inhibition approaches, Flynn and Bertozzi explored the effects of inhibiting key glycan biosynthetic machinery on the production of glycoRNA. They found that the production of glycoRNA is impaired in cells where the glycan biosynthetic machinery has been genetically altered, although adding exogenous glycan reverses the inhibition. In another study, inhibition of oligosaccharyltransferase, a membrane protein that catalyzes the addition of glycans to asparagine residues, was also seen to diminish the production of glycoRNA. Flynn and Bertozzi's studies demonstrated that cellular glycoRNA is also produced by the glycan biosynthetic machinery.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=71908749
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Some direct measurement of the glycan on RNA association would help disclose both the mechanism and its function. There are a few possible explanations for how the attachment proceeds. Bertozzi's lab conducted several experiments to understand what holds glycan RNA together. Running glycoRNAs through a sucrose gradient suggested that the molecule connecting the two entities was no larger than the small RNA itself. Researchers first thought that RNA could bind non-covalently to each other - a bond strong enough to avoid degradation unless digested by an RNase. However, this was very unlikely, as all evidence points to the RNA-glycan linkage via a covalent network.
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Another possibility is that glycans can bind proteins, which in turn bind RNA. Researchers have speculated that the RNA-glycan linkage is likely not due to the direct glycosylation of RNA bases. The sensitivity of glycoRNA moieties to PNGase F, which cleaves the glycosidic linkage between asparagine and the proximal GlcNAc of N-glycans, implies a non-nucleobase interaction. However, a precursor nucleobase modification may be necessary for the glycosidic linkage to occur. The chemistry behind RNA glycosylation remains unknown and necessitates further research to define the chemical and structural features of the linkage.
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The implication of glycoRNAs in RNA biology research is immense, especially when relating to disease progression and drug therapy. Aberrant glycosylation is a well-recognized hallmark of various human diseases. It has been a popular belief that diseases caused by abnormal glycosylation of proteins and lipids contribute to the pathology of those diseases. The discovery of glycoRNAs points researchers in the direction of an alternative molecule that may be responsible for the disrupted glycosylation network in human diseases.
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Fractionation and immunohistochemical imaging studies revealed that glycoRNAs are primarily associated with the cell surface, as evidenced by their loss from the cell surface after treatment with a sialic acid-cleaving enzyme. This suggests that they may be involved in extracellular molecular interactions. Cell surface glycoRNAs were found to interact with members of the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec) receptor family in addition to binding an anti-RNA antibody used to detect RNA virus-infected cells. These receptors are known to play a role in immune response modulation, specifically host-pathogen interactions, immune evasion in cancer, and genetic links to autoimmune illnesses. The Siglec receptor family ligand partners are largely unknown, at least in part because previous research assumed they bind glycoproteins or glycolipids. As a result, glycoRNAs may be potential ligands for these and other orphan glycan-binding receptors.
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Autoimmune disorders are linked to a myriad of RNA and RNA-associated autoantigens. Flynn and Bertozzi employed soluble Siglec-Fc reagents and flow cytometry to examine the binding of human Siglec receptors to cell surface glycoRNA. They found that 9 of the 12 marketed Siglec-Fc reagents bind to HeLa cells, and two of which, Siglec-11 and Siglec-14, had binding that was vulnerable to RNase A treatment.These data support the hypothesis that cell surface glycoRNAs might act as direct ligands for Siglec receptors.
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GlycoRNAs have the potential to revolutionize the field of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and improve our understanding of the human genome. By performing (qRT-PCR) arrays and RNA-Seq, it is possible to identify glycosylated RNA biomarkers that can be used to develop targeted therapies. By detecting altered expression of glycosyltransferases, we can see precisely which RNA is glycosylated and what proteins carry it out. In diseases such as cancer and cystic fibrosis, driver mutations can cause variable RNA glycosylation. To fully comprehend the genetic landscapes and heterogeneity of these disorders, more study in this field of glycoproteomics is required.
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GlycoRNAs may also have a role in immune signal transduction. With their ability to bind to Siglec receptors and anti-dsRNA antibodies, glycoRNAs have the potential to be used as biomarkers, enabling rapid diagnosis and prognosis for specific diseases. Furthermore, modifying RNA with glycans may be sensitive to immunotherapy medicines and thus could serve as drug targets. In addition to immunotherapy, several other therapies, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy, have the potential to alter the glycan structure of glycoRNAs on the surface of the cell. Thus, these are expected to be used as a type of immune response signal receiver in many drug therapy.
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Keith Roland Matthews, , , (born 24 June 1964) is a British cell biologist and parasitologist, currently Professor of Parasite Biology in the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Edinburgh. His research focuses on African trypanosomes (protozoan parasites spread by the tsetse fly), which cause human sleeping sickness and the equivalent cattle disease nagana.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=71784965
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The men's triple jump event at the 1970 Summer Universiade was held at the Stadio Comunale in Turin on 4 and 5 September 1970.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=64235974
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The 1915 Rhode Island State Rams football team was an American football team that represented Rhode Island State College (later renamed the University of Rhode Island) as an independent during the 1915 college football season. In its first year under head coach James A. Baldwin, the team compiled a 3–5 record.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68774024
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Matthews took a B.Sc. in biology (1986) at Brunel University, followed by a Ph.D. in genetics (1990) at the University of Glasgow, working with David Barry on metacyclic variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) regulation in "Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense". In 1990, he became NATO Fellow (Epidemiology and Public Health) at Yale University before moving to the University of Manchester in 1992, where he set up his own laboratory four years later. In 2004, he relocated to the University of Edinburgh, where he has been Professor of Parasite Biology since 2007. He is also Director of the Centre for Immunity, Infection, and Evolution (CIIE), Head of Institute for Immunology and Infection Research (IIIR), and a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator.
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Matthews researches African trypanosomes and how these parasites communicate to optimize their survival and transmission. In particular, he has researched how trypanosomes change from a "slender" form (to increase parasitaemia) into a "stumpy" form that is better adapted for transmission to and survival in tsetse flies.
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Matthews was awarded the 2008 British Society for Parasitology C. A. Wright Memorial Medal and the 2015 Sanofi Pasteur International Research Award for his contributions to infectious disease research. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2014, Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2018, and Fellow of the Royal Society in 2020. According to his Academy of Medical Sciences citation, Matthews' work "has led to fundamental breakthroughs in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control trypanosome transmission and virulence".
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=71784965
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The Asterigerinacea (or Asterigerinoidea) is a superfamily of Foraminifera included in the order Rotaliida, proposed by Loeblich and Tappan in 1988.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27746522
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The Asterigerinacea unites three families, the Episomariidae and Asterigerinidae which had been included in the Discorbacea and the Amphisteginidae which was included in the Orbiotoidacea in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part C.
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Asterigerinacea are characterized by a trochospiral or nearly planispiral arrangement of the chambers, which are fully or partially subdivided by internal partitions. The primary aperture is commonly on the interior margin and secondary apertures are commonly along the sutures. Apertures may also form on the chamber surfaces as well. Test walls are composed of optically radial calcite.
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The Asterigerinacea range from the Cretaceous to Recent, the oldest family being the Asterigerinidae.
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The women's 100 metres hurdles event at the 1973 Summer Universiade was held at the Central Lenin Stadium in Moscow on 18, 19 and 20 August.
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The women's 200 metre backstroke event at the 11th FINA World Swimming Championships (25m) took place 14 December 2012 at the Sinan Erdem Dome.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37931957
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Silicon isotope biogeochemistry is the study of environmental processes using the relative abundance of Si isotopes. As the relative abundance of Si stable isotopes varies among different natural materials, the differences in abundance can be used to trace the source of Si, and to study biological, geological, and chemical processes. The study of stable isotope biogeochemistry of Si aims to quantify the different Si fluxes in the global biogeochemical silicon cycle, to understand the role of biogenic silica within the global Si cycle, and to investigate the applications and limitations of the sedimentary Si record as an environmental and palaeoceanographic proxy.
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The 1989 IBF World Championships were held in Jakarta, Indonesia, in 1989. Following is the results of the women's doubles.
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Yale can trace its ice hockey history back to 1893, however, it wasn't until 1986 that they played their first intercollegiate match. Malcolm Chace, who was also a nationally-ranked tennis player, founded the Yale men's team in his senior year, serving as both captain and manager of the club.
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Silicon in nature is typically bonded to oxygen, in a tetravalent oxidation state. The major forms of solid Si are silicate minerals and amorphous silica, whereas in aqueous solutions the dominant forms are orthosilicic acid and its dissociated species. There are three stable isotopes of Si, associated with the following mean natural abundances: Si– 92.23%, Si– 4.67%, and Si– 3.10%. The isotopic composition of Si is often formulated by the delta notation, as the following:
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As there were no on-campus facilities capable of supporting an ice rink the team played all of their games on the road. Because there was no governing body overseeing the structure of the season, all games played by Yale are counted for their historical record.
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The reference material (standard) for defining the δSi of a sample is the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) 28 Sand Quartz, which has been certified and distributed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and is also named NIST RM 8546. Currently, there are four main analytical methods for the measurement of Si isotopes: Gas Source Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry (GC-IRMS), Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (MC–IPC–MS), and Laser Ablation MC–ICP–MS.
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