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Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film, television, music and theatrical adaptations",
"text": "In 2008, a film adaptation of Things"
},
{
"section_header": "Film, television, music and theatrical adaptations",
"text": "Fall Apart was made by a Nigerian production company with an all-Nigerian cast."
}
] |
A670tC8QjoELVaFqOchi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is regarded as a milestone in African literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Reviewers have praised Achebe's neutral narration and have described Things Fall Apart as a realistic novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "The publication of Achebe's Things Fall Apart helped pave the way for numerous other African writers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is the debut novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, first published in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Of all of Achebe's works, Things Fall Apart is the one read most often, and has generated the most critical response, examination, and literary criticism."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "On November 5, 2019, the BBC News listed Things Fall Apart on its list of the 100 most influential novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "In Things Fall Apart, western culture is portrayed as being \"arrogant and ethnocentric,\" insisting that the African culture needed a leader."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication information",
"text": "The book collects Things Fall"
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Before Things Fall Apart was published, most of the novels about Africa had been written by European authors, portraying Africans as savages who were in need of western enlightenment."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, television, music and theatrical adaptations",
"text": "In 1999, the American hip-hop band The Roots released their fourth studio album Things Fall Apart in reference to Achebe's novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, television, music and theatrical adaptations",
"text": "In 2008, a film adaptation of Things"
},
{
"section_header": "Film, television, music and theatrical adaptations",
"text": "Fall Apart was made by a Nigerian production company with an all-Nigerian cast."
}
] |
Things Fall Apart has no silver screen variant.
| 2 | 8 |
Things Fall Apart
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903, becoming the first Swedish Nobel laureate."
}
] |
A6vPltkMgpMFMllV19VF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "In 1903 he became the first Swede to be awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "About 1900, Arrhenius became involved in setting up the Nobel Institutes and the Nobel Prizes."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "In 1911 he won the first Willard Gibbs Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Svante August Arrhenius (; 19 February 1859 – 2 October 1927) was a Swedish scientist."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Arrhenius was born on 19 February 1859 at Vik (also spelled Wik or Wijk), near Uppsala, Kingdom of Sweden, United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, the son of Svante Gustav and Carolina Thunberg Arrhenius."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "For the rest of his life, he would be a member of the Nobel Committee on Physics and a de facto member of the Nobel Committee on Chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903, becoming the first Swedish Nobel laureate."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "In 1905, upon the founding of the Nobel Institute for Physical Research at Stockholm, he was appointed rector of the institute, the position where he remained until retirement in 1927."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "He used his positions to arrange prizes for his friends (Jacobus van't Hoff, Wilhelm Ostwald, Theodore Richards) and to attempt to deny them to his enemies (Paul Ehrlich, Walther Nernst, Dmitri Mendeleev)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ionic disassociation",
"text": "Later, extensions of this very work would earn him the 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry."
}
] |
Svante August Arrhenius was the 1st person from Sweden to be awarded a Nobel Prize.
| 3 | 4 |
Svante Arrhenius
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The monument stands at an approximate elevation of 750 feet (230 m) above sea level, about 90 miles (140 km) east of Atlanta, 45 miles (72 km) from Athens, Georgia and 9 miles (14 km) north of the center of the city of Elberton."
}
] |
A7kG2yHFzE9JpTcJLzeE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Georgia Guidestones are a granite monument erected in 1980 in Elbert County, Georgia, in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet",
"text": "At the top center of the tablet is written: The Georgia Guidestones"
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet | Guidestone languages",
"text": "College Avenue Elberton, Georgia"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The monument stands at an approximate elevation of 750 feet (230 m) above sea level, about 90 miles (140 km) east of Atlanta, 45 miles (72 km) from Athens, Georgia and 9 miles (14 km) north of the center of the city of Elberton."
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet | Physical data",
"text": "WEST OF ELBERTON, GEORGIA."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Inscriptions",
"text": "A message consisting of a set of ten guidelines or principles is engraved on the Georgia Guidestones in eight different languages, one language on each face of the four large upright stones."
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet | Guidestone languages",
"text": "Below the two columns of text is written the caption \"GUIDESTONE LANGUAGES\", with a diagram of the granite slab layout beneath it."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "The guidestones have become a subject of interest for conspiracy theorists."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Christian delivered a scale model of the guidestones and ten pages of specifications."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Christian later transferred ownership of the land and the guidestones to Elbert County."
}
] |
Georgia Guidestones are not close from Atlanta.
| 0 | 0 |
Georgia Guidestones
|
Science
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Liver regeneration",
"text": "The liver is the only human internal organ capable of natural regeneration of lost tissue; as little as 25% of a liver can regenerate into a whole liver."
}
] |
A8Tu6D04vBEjWd2kt269
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Liver regeneration",
"text": "The lobes that are removed do not regrow and the growth of the liver is a restoration of function, not original form."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Liver regeneration",
"text": "This contrasts with true regeneration where both original function and form are restored."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture",
"text": "In Greek mythology, the gods punished Prometheus for revealing fire to humans by chaining him to a rock where a vulture (or an eagle) would peck out his liver, which would regenerate overnight. (The liver is the only human internal organ that actually can regenerate itself to a significant extent.) Many ancient peoples of the Near East and Mediterranean areas practiced a type of divination called haruspicy or hepatomancy, where they tried to obtain information by examining the livers of sheep and other animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Liver regeneration",
"text": "In some other species, such as zebrafish, the liver undergoes true regeneration by restoring both shape and size of the organ."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Gross anatomy | Surfaces",
"text": "The peritoneum folds back on itself to form the falciform ligament and the right and left triangular ligaments."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Food",
"text": "Humans commonly eat the livers of mammals, fowl, and fish as food."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In humans, it is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "It is both the heaviest internal organ and the largest gland in the human body."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Liver regeneration",
"text": "The liver is the only human internal organ capable of natural regeneration of lost tissue; as little as 25% of a liver can regenerate into a whole liver."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "A human liver normally weighs approximately 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) and has a width of about 15 cm (6 in)."
}
] |
The human liver can restore itself.
| 3 | 9 |
Liver
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Family | Daughters",
"text": "According to Sri Lankan tradition, Ashoka had a daughter named Sanghamitta, who became a Buddhist nun."
}
] |
A8WgJSoWiaSHRDNUZCVZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Family | Daughters",
"text": "According to Sri Lankan tradition, Ashoka had a daughter named Sanghamitta, who became a Buddhist nun."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "The Sri Lankan tradition adds that during his 6th regnal year, Ashoka's son Mahinda became a Buddhist monk, and his daughter became a Buddhist nun."
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Daughters",
"text": "Another source mentions that Ashoka had a daughter named Charumati, who married a kshatriya named Devapala."
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Daughters",
"text": "A section of historians, such as Romila Thapar, doubt the historicity of Sanghamitta, based on the folloiwng points: The name \"Sanghamitta\", which literally means the friend of the Buddhist Order (sangha), is unusual, and the story of her going to Ceylon so that the Ceylonese queen could be ordained appears to be an exaggeration."
},
{
"section_header": "As a prince | Governor of Ujjain",
"text": "The Mahavamsa states that Devi gave birth to Ashoka's son Mahinda in Ujjain, and two years later, to a daughter named Sanghamitta."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign after Buddhist influence | Buddhist missions",
"text": "Majjhima to the Himalayas Soṇa and Uttara to Suvaṇṇabhūmi (possibly Lower Burma and Thailand)The tradition adds that during his 19th regnal year, Ashoka's daughter Sanghamitta went to Sri Lanka to establish an order of nuns, taking a sapling of the sacred Bodhi Tree with her."
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Daughters",
"text": "According to the Mahavamsa, she was 18 years old when she was ordained as a nun."
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Daughters",
"text": "It is unlikely that she would have been allowed to become a nun with such a young child."
},
{
"section_header": "Names and titles",
"text": "It may have been a regnal name adopted by Ashoka."
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Daughters",
"text": "The Mahavamsa states that she married Ashoka's nephew Agnibrahma, and the couple had a son named Sumana."
}
] |
Asoka had a daughter named Sanghamitta, who became a Buddhist nun.
| 2 | 8 |
Asoka
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although it was grouped among the comedies, many modern editors have relabelled the play as one of Shakespeare's late romances."
}
] |
A8X8e7feZ2m5lb6x9BOL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Winter's Tale is a play by William Shakespeare originally published in the First Folio of 1623."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although it was grouped among the comedies, many modern editors have relabelled the play as one of Shakespeare's late romances."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Despite this happy ending typical of Shakespeare's comedies and romances, the impression of the unjust death of young prince"
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "Winter's Tale was not revived during the Restoration, unlike many other Shakespearean plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Title of the play",
"text": "The title may have been inspired by George Peele's play The Old Wives' Tale of 1590, in which a storyteller tells \"a merry winter's tale\" of a missing daughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "The Royal Shakespeare Company Theatre Delicatessen also staged productions of The Winter's Tale in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Title of the play",
"text": "A play called \"The Winter's Tale\" would immediately indicate to contemporary audiences that the work would present an \"idle tale\", an old wives' tale not intended to be realistic and offering the promise of a happy ending."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Winter's Tale was revived again in the 19th century, when the fourth \"pastoral\" act was widely popular."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Title of the play",
"text": "However, early in The Winter's Tale, the royal heir, Mamillius, warns that \"a sad tale's best for winter\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2016, author E. K. Johnston published the book Exit, Pursued by a Bear, a modern adaption of The Winter's Tale."
}
] |
The Winter's Tale was originally a comedy but later classified as a romance.
| 0 | 0 |
The Winter's Tale
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had one son, Jace Alexander, in 1964, and the couple divorced a decade later."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Alexander met her first husband, Robert Alexander, in the early 1960s in New York City, where both were pursuing acting careers."
}
] |
A96hjEpfgRnROmEx0de2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jane Alexander (born October 28, 1939) is an American author, actress, and former director of the National Endowment for the Arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Alexander met her first husband, Robert Alexander, in the early 1960s in New York City, where both were pursuing acting careers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "It was directed by her husband, Edwin Sherin."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alexander was born Jane Quigley in Boston, Massachusetts, daughter of Ruth Elizabeth (née Pearson), a nurse, and Thomas B. Quigley, an orthopedic surgeon."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999.In 2004, Alexander, together with her husband, Edwin Sherin, joined the theater faculty at Florida State University."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander is also a fellow of the International Leadership Forum."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 2009 Alexander starred in Thom Thomas's play A Moon to Dance"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander also starred in its sequel, Lovey: A Circle of Children, Part II (1978)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander moved to Washington, DC, and served as chair of the NEA until 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had one son, Jace Alexander, in 1964, and the couple divorced a decade later."
}
] |
Jane Alexander and her 1st husband separated in 1971.
| 1 | 4 |
Jane Alexander
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Human rights",
"text": "The Cuban government has been accused of numerous human rights abuses including torture, arbitrary imprisonment, unfair trials, and extrajudicial executions (also known as \"El Paredón\")."
}
] |
A99wOX6Cz8TRqqe1eMHo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Human rights",
"text": "In 2003, the European Union (EU) accused the Cuban government of \"continuing flagrant violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Human rights",
"text": "Cuba considers the embargo itself a violation of human rights."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Human rights",
"text": "The Cuban government has been accused of numerous human rights abuses including torture, arbitrary imprisonment, unfair trials, and extrajudicial executions (also known as \"El Paredón\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Human rights",
"text": "The United States continues an embargo against Cuba \"so long as it continues to refuse to move toward democratization and greater respect for human rights\", though the UN General Assembly has, since 1992, passed a resolution every year condemning the ongoing impact of the embargo and claiming it violates the Charter of the United Nations and international law."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Human rights",
"text": "In July 2010, the unofficial Cuban Human Rights Commission said there were 167 political prisoners in Cuba, a fall from 201 at the start of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Human rights",
"text": "Cuba had the second-highest number of imprisoned journalists of any nation in 2008 (China had the highest) according to various sources, including the Committee to Protect Journalists and Human Rights Watch."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Human rights",
"text": "Human Rights Watch has stated that the government \"represses nearly all forms of political dissent\" and that \"Cubans are systematically denied basic rights to free expression, association, assembly, privacy, movement, and due process of law\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Human rights",
"text": "According to Human Rights Watch, Cuba's prison population is confined in \"substandard and unhealthy conditions, where prisoners face physical and sexual abuse\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The U.S. embargo against Cuba was instituted in response to nationalization of U.S.-citizen-held property and was maintained at the premise of perceived human rights violations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Independent observers have accused the Cuban government of numerous human rights abuses, including short-term arbitrary imprisonment."
}
] |
Cuba was accused of many different human rights violations.
| 1 | 3 |
Cuba
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The collection includes 212 separate characters, in all providing 244 accounts of their lives, losses, and manner of death."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spoon River Anthology (1915), by Edgar Lee Masters, is a collection of short free verse poems that collectively narrates the epitaphs of the residents of Spoon River, a fictional small town named after the real Spoon River that ran near Masters' home town of Lewistown, Illinois."
}
] |
A9SU73dNF9Zc32u27tC7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "Meanwhile, those who lived in the Spoon River region objected to their portrayal in the anthology, particularly as so many of the poems' characters were based on real people."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "The first bound edition of Spoon River Anthology was published by The Macmillan Company in 1915 with a total of 209 poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Many of the characters who make appearances in Spoon River Anthology were based on real people that Masters knew or heard of in the two towns in which he grew up, Petersburg and Lewistown, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "By the time Masters wrote the poems that would become Spoon River Anthology, he had already published some poetry, with some success; these prior poems, however, were more conventional in style and subject matter."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Songwriter Michael Peter Smith's song \"Spoon River\" is loosely based on Spoon River Anthology."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spoon River Anthology (1915), by Edgar Lee Masters, is a collection of short free verse poems that collectively narrates the epitaphs of the residents of Spoon River, a fictional small town named after the real Spoon River that ran near Masters' home town of Lewistown, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "Ezra Pound's review of the Spoon River poems begins, \"At last!"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "\"Masters capitalized on the success of The Spoon River Anthology with a 1924 sequel, The New Spoon River, in which Spoon River became a suburb of Chicago and its inhabitants have been urbanized."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2015, American poet Samuel Binns exhibited \"Larger than Life,\" an adaptation featuring photos and poems in response to the 100th anniversary of Spoon River Anthology."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2011 \"Spoon River Anthology\" was adapted by Tom Andolora into a theatre production with music, called The Spoon River Project."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The collection includes 212 separate characters, in all providing 244 accounts of their lives, losses, and manner of death."
}
] |
Spoon River Anthology is a multitude of poems with over 200 characters.
| 0 | 0 |
Spoon River Anthology
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem is dedicated to Carl Solomon."
}
] |
AAmUFznRJmhfnOFGBr9B
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "1969 broadcast controversy in Finland",
"text": "The poem was read by three actors with jazz music specially composed for this radio broadcast by Henrik Otto Donner."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | 2007 broadcasting fears",
"text": "The station chose instead to play the poem on a special webcast program, replete with commentary (by Bob Holman, Regina Weinreich and Ron Collins, narrated by Janet Coleman), on October 3, 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Howl\", also known as \"Howl for Carl Solomon\", is a poem written by Allen Ginsberg in 1954–1955 and published in his 1956 collection Howl and Other Poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ginsberg began work on \"Howl\" in 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "1957 obscenity trial",
"text": "The 2010 film Howl depicts the events of the trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" Howl\" is considered to be one of the great works of American literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview and structure | Rhythm",
"text": "Ginsberg said, \"Ideally each line of 'Howl' is a single breath unit."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance and publication",
"text": "\" Howl\" was too short to make an entire book, so Ferlinghetti requested some other poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The British event, Howl for Now, was accompanied by a book of essays of the same name, edited by Simon Warner and published by Route Publishing (Howl for Now ISBN 1-901927-25-3) reflecting on the piece's enduring influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview and structure | Part II",
"text": "Moloch is also the name of an industrial, demonic figure in Fritz Lang's Metropolis, a film that Ginsberg credits with influencing \"Howl, Part II\" in his annotations for the poem (see especially Howl: Original Draft Facsimile, Transcript & Variant Versions)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem is dedicated to Carl Solomon."
}
] |
Howl did not give a tribute to someone special.
| 0 | 0 |
Howl
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered the first diplomatic treaty ever filmed."
}
] |
AB25QyzhmktvwIbXZMt7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Lasting effects",
"text": "According to historian Spencer Tucker, the Allied Powers felt that \"The treaty was the ultimate betrayal of the Allied cause and sowed the seeds for the Cold War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Allies and eleven nations became independent in Eastern Europe and western Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Lasting effects",
"text": "In the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended World War I, one clause abrogated the Brest-Litovsk treaty."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to historian Spencer Tucker, \"The German General Staff had formulated extraordinarily harsh terms that shocked even the German negotiator."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Signing",
"text": "The signatories were Soviet Russia signed by Grigori Sokolnikov on the one side and the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire on the other."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace negotiations",
"text": "They were cordially welcomed by the commander of the Eastern Front, Prince Leopold of Bavaria, who sat with Joffe on the head table at the opening banquet with one hundred guests."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace negotiations",
"text": "Thanks to informal chatting in the mess, one of Hoffmann's aides, Colonel Friedrich Brinckmann, realized that the Russians had optimistically misinterpreted the Central Power's meaning."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Territorial cessions in eastern Europe",
"text": "German troops also had to intervene in the Finnish Civil War, and Ludendorff became increasingly paranoid about his troops being affected by propaganda emanating from Moscow; this was one of the reasons he was reluctant to transfer divisions to the Western Front."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Therefore, in April 1917, Germany transported Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin and thirty-one supporters in a sealed train from exile in Switzerland to Finland Station, Petrograd."
},
{
"section_header": "Lasting effects",
"text": "Although most of Ukraine fell under Bolshevik control and eventually became one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union, Poland and the Baltic states re-emerged as independent nations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered the first diplomatic treaty ever filmed."
}
] |
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was one of the earliest peace accord recorded.
| 0 | 0 |
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vancouver ( (listen)) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada."
}
] |
ABL8tAP7toq6meofIuGO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Over 10.3 million people visited Vancouver in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Each year over a million people pass through Vancouver on cruise ship vacations, often bound for Alaska."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports and recreation",
"text": "Vancouver has over 1,298 ha (3,210 acres) of parks, of which Stanley Park, at 404 ha (1,000 acres), is the largest."
},
{
"section_header": "Twin towns – sister cities",
"text": "The City of Vancouver was one of the first cities in Canada to enter into an international sister cities arrangement."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The metropolitan area referred to as Greater Vancouver, with more than 2.4 million residents, is the third-most populous metropolitan area in the country and the most populous in Western Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada, with over 5,400 people per square kilometre, which makes it the fifth-most densely populated city with over 250,000 residents in North America, behind New York City, Guadalajara, San Francisco, and Mexico City."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Approximately 74 percent of the people living in Metro Vancouver live outside the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Urban planning",
"text": "As of 2011, Vancouver is the most densely populated city in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Vancouver has one of the largest urban parks in North America, Stanley Park, which covers 404.9 ha (1,001 acres)."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Vancouver is the most stressed city in the spectrum of affordability of housing in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vancouver ( (listen)) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada."
}
] |
Vancouver is a city in Canada and has millions of people.
| 0 | 0 |
Vancouver
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Recognised as a film and fashion icon, she was ranked by the American Film Institute as the third-greatest female screen legend in Golden Age Hollywood, and was inducted into the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A month later, she died of appendiceal cancer at her home in Switzerland at the age of 63."
}
] |
ABfSzmMXUMynClsHrIHP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career | Breakfast at Tiffany's and continued success (1961–1967)",
"text": "The character is considered one of the best-known in American cinema, and a defining role for Hepburn."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career | Roman Holiday, and stardom (1953–1960)",
"text": "Her performance won her the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play three days after she won the Academy Award for Roman Holiday, making her one of three actresses to receive the Academy and Tony Awards for Best Actress in the same year (the other two are Shirley Booth and Ellen Burstyn)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The American Film Institute named Hepburn third among the Greatest Female Stars of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In January 2009, Hepburn was named on The Times' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career | Roman Holiday, and stardom (1953–1960)",
"text": "\"The film was a box-office success, and Hepburn gained critical acclaim for her portrayal, unexpectedly winning an Academy Award for Best Actress, a BAFTA Award for Best British Actress in a Leading Role, and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career | Roman Holiday, and stardom (1953–1960)",
"text": "For her performance, she was nominated for the 1954 Academy Award for Best Actress, while winning the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Humanitarian career | 1988–1989",
"text": "The 'Third World' is a term I don't like very much, because we're all one world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Audrey Hepburn (born Audrey Kathleen Ruston; 4 May 1929 – 20 January 1993) was a British actress and humanitarian."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career | Breakfast at Tiffany's and continued success (1961–1967)",
"text": "\" She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "That same year Hepburn won a Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Play for her performance in Ondine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Recognised as a film and fashion icon, she was ranked by the American Film Institute as the third-greatest female screen legend in Golden Age Hollywood, and was inducted into the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A month later, she died of appendiceal cancer at her home in Switzerland at the age of 63."
}
] |
Audrey Hepburn passed away in Switzerland and considered third best actresses at one time.
| 0 | 1 |
Audrey Hepburn
|
Science
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Human use | Cultured foods",
"text": "Several of these fungi are domesticated species that were bred or selected according to their capacity to ferment food without producing harmful mycotoxins (see below), which are produced by very closely related Aspergilli."
}
] |
AC9Bbl3vmv1MJkKOSR2F
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Human use | Cultured foods",
"text": "Several of these fungi are domesticated species that were bred or selected according to their capacity to ferment food without producing harmful mycotoxins (see below), which are produced by very closely related Aspergilli."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | Therapeutic uses | Modern chemotherapeutics",
"text": "Modern penicillins are semisynthetic compounds, obtained initially from fermentation cultures, but then structurally altered for specific desirable properties."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | Pest control",
"text": "Infecting cultivars of pasture or forage grasses with Neotyphodium endophytes is one approach being used in grass breeding programs; the fungal strains are selected for producing only alkaloids that increase resistance to herbivores such as insects, while being non-toxic to livestock."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | Poisonous fungi",
"text": "Genera with mushrooms containing deadly toxins include Conocybe, Galerina, Lepiota, and, the most infamous, Amanita."
},
{
"section_header": "Ecology | Symbiosis | As pathogens and parasites",
"text": "Many fungi that are plant pathogens, such as Magnaporthe oryzae, can switch from being biotrophic (parasitic on living plants) to being necrotrophic (feeding on the dead tissues of plants they have killed)."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | Poisonous fungi",
"text": "As it is difficult to accurately identify a safe mushroom without proper training and knowledge, it is often advised to assume that a wild mushroom is poisonous and not to consume it."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use",
"text": "For example, genetic modification of yeast species—which are easy to grow at fast rates in large fermentation vessels—has opened up ways of pharmaceutical production that are potentially more efficient than production by the original source organisms."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Taxonomic groups",
"text": "Fungi that were placed in the Zygomycota are now being reassigned to the Glomeromycota, or the subphyla incertae sedis Mucoromycotina, Kickxellomycotina, the Zoopagomycotina and the Entomophthoromycotina."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | Poisonous fungi",
"text": "Fly agaric mushrooms (Amanita muscaria) also cause occasional non-fatal poisonings, mostly as a result of ingestion for its hallucinogenic properties."
},
{
"section_header": "Mycology",
"text": "Ancient peoples have used fungi as food sources–often unknowingly–for millennia, in the preparation of leavened bread and fermented juices."
}
] |
Fungi can be selected for their fermenting properties so that they grow without dangeours toxins.
| 5 | 9 |
Fungi
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 November 1523 to his death on 25 September 1534."
}
] |
ACgfpZpdEc8yLoFWwz4m
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | Sack of Rome | Appearance",
"text": "Clement VII was thus the unintentional originator of a fashion that lasted well over a century."
},
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | Sack of Rome | Appearance",
"text": "During his half-year imprisonment in 1527, Clement VII grew a full beard as a sign of mourning for the sack of Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal | Under Pope Leo X | Statesmanship",
"text": "While Medici’s strategy of shifting alliances to liberate the Church (and later Italy) from foreign domination proved disastrous during his reign as Pope Clement VII, during the reign of Leo X it skillfully maintained a balance of power among the competing international factions seeking to influence the Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Clement VII (Italian: Papa Clemente VII; Latin: Clemens VII) (26 May 1478 – 25 September 1534), born"
},
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | Renaissance Pope",
"text": "A discerning patron, Clement VII personally commissioned Michelangelo’s"
},
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | Renaissance Pope",
"text": "Clement VII is also remembered for having been the patron of Benvenuto Cellini."
},
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | English Reformation",
"text": "The Pope responded to the marriage by excommunicating both Henry and Cranmer from the Catholic Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | Sack of Rome",
"text": "From this point on, Clement VII could do nothing but follow the fate of the French party to the end."
},
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | Renaissance Pope",
"text": "In 1533, Johann Widmanstetter (alternately called John Widmanstad), a secretary of Pope Clement VII, explained the Copernican system to the Pope and two cardinals."
},
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | Sack of Rome | Appearance",
"text": "Unlike Julius II, however, Clement VII kept his beard until his death in 1534."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 November 1523 to his death on 25 September 1534."
}
] |
Pope Clement VII was a pope for the Catholics during the 16th century.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Clement VII
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This effect is responsible for the rotation of large cyclones (see Coriolis effects in meteorology)."
}
] |
ADA7vEATEwk1a7cnZfo1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Applied to the Earth | Meteorology",
"text": "Because surface ocean currents are driven by the movement of wind over the water's surface, the Coriolis force also affects the movement of ocean currents and cyclones as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Applied to the Earth | Meteorology | Flow around a low-pressure area",
"text": "A system of equilibrium can then establish itself creating circular movement, or a cyclonic flow."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This effect is responsible for the rotation of large cyclones (see Coriolis effects in meteorology)."
},
{
"section_header": "Applied to the Earth | Eötvös effect",
"text": "In the tropical atmosphere, the order of magnitude of the pressure deviations is so small that the contribution of the Eötvös effect to the pressure deviations is considerable."
},
{
"section_header": "Applied to the Earth | Meteorology | Flow around a low-pressure area",
"text": "Cyclones rarely form along the equator due to the weak Coriolis effect present in this region."
},
{
"section_header": "Visualization of the Coriolis effect",
"text": "To demonstrate the Coriolis effect, a parabolic turntable can be used."
},
{
"section_header": "Applied to the Earth | Eötvös effect",
"text": "Since vertical movement is usually of limited extent and duration, the size of the effect is smaller and requires precise instruments to detect."
},
{
"section_header": "Applied to the Earth | Meteorology | Flow around a low-pressure area",
"text": "In the atmosphere, the pattern of flow is called a cyclone."
},
{
"section_header": "Simple cases | Bounced ball",
"text": "When a path curves away from radial, however, centrifugal force contributes significantly to deflection."
},
{
"section_header": "Coriolis effects in other areas | Coriolis flow meter",
"text": "The vibration, though not completely circular, provides the rotating reference frame that gives rise to the Coriolis effect."
}
] |
Coriolis effect contributes to the movement of cyclones.
| 1 | 3 |
Coriolis effect
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Fires",
"text": "There have been three fires in the tunnel, all on the heavy goods vehicle (HGV) shuttles, that were significant enough to close the tunnel, as well as other more minor incidents."
}
] |
ADcFTV5hM7tsWQ9K1iiG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Fires",
"text": "There have been three fires in the tunnel, all on the heavy goods vehicle (HGV) shuttles, that were significant enough to close the tunnel, as well as other more minor incidents."
},
{
"section_header": "Engineering | Tunnelling",
"text": "Six machines were used; all commenced digging from Shakespeare Cliff, three marine-bound and three for the land tunnels."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Fires",
"text": "On 11 September 2008, a fire occurred in the Channel Tunnel at 13:57 GMT."
},
{
"section_header": "Illegal immigration | Illegal attempts to cross and deaths",
"text": "He was arrested close to the British side, after having walked about 30 miles (48 km) through the tunnel."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Fires",
"text": "On 17 January 2015, both tunnels were closed following a lorry fire which filled the midsection of Running Tunnel North with smoke."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Fires",
"text": "On 29 November 2012, the tunnel was closed for several hours after a truck on an HGV shuttle caught fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Fires",
"text": "On 18 November 1996, a fire broke out on an HGV shuttle wagon in the tunnel, but nobody was seriously hurt."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Fires",
"text": "On 21 August 2006, the tunnel was closed for several hours when a truck on an HGV shuttle train caught fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Fires",
"text": "Full operation recommenced six months after the fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Operation | Usage and services | Economic performance",
"text": "In 1999 Eurostar posted its first net profit, having made a loss of £925m in 1995."
}
] |
There have been three fires in the tunnel.
| 1 | 5 |
Channel Tunnel
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Because the book was banned in the Soviet Union, it could not be filmed there."
}
] |
ADk3xPca1hxvUc0xidC8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Background",
"text": "Boris Pasternak's novel was published in the West amidst celebration and controversy."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Background",
"text": "While the citation noted his poetry, it was understood that the prize was mainly for Doctor Zhivago, which the Soviet government saw as an anti-Soviet work, thus interpreting the award of the Nobel Prize as a gesture hostile to the Soviet Union."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is set in Russia between the years prior to World War I and the Russian Civil War of 1918–1922, and is based on the 1957 Boris Pasternak novel Doctor Zhivago."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Boris Pasternak's sprawling, complex, elusive novel is held together by its unity of style, by the driving force of its narrative, by the passionate voice of a poet who weaves a mass of diverse characters into a single tapestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Because the book was banned in the Soviet Union, it could not be filmed there."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While immensely popular in the West, the book was banned in the Soviet Union for decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "For this reason, the film could not be made in the Soviet Union and was instead filmed mostly in Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development and casting",
"text": "Pasternak's novel had been an international success, and producer Carlo Ponti was interested in adapting it as a vehicle for his wife, Sophia Loren."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Background",
"text": "Helped by a Soviet campaign against the novel, it became a sensation throughout the non-communist world."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Background",
"text": "The book had to be smuggled out of the Soviet Union by an Italian called D'Angelo to be delivered to Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, a left-wing Italian publisher who published it shortly thereafter, in 1957."
}
] |
Boris Pasternak's novel, Doctor Zhivago, was illegal in the Soviet Union.
| 2 | 3 |
Doctor Zhivago (film)
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Election of 1888 and return to private life | Defeated by Harrison",
"text": "Cleveland won a plurality of the popular vote – 48.6 percent vs. 47.8 percent for Harrison – but Harrison won the Electoral College vote easily, 233–168."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (1885–1889 and 1893–1897)."
}
] |
AFCXdy7kI0lufBFtK6QG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He won the popular vote for three presidential elections—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was one of two Democrats (with Woodrow Wilson) to be elected president during the era of Republican political domination dating from 1861 to 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1888 and return to private life | Defeated by Harrison",
"text": "Cleveland won a plurality of the popular vote – 48.6 percent vs. 47.8 percent for Harrison – but Harrison won the Electoral College vote easily, 233–168."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Early career and the Civil War",
"text": "Cleveland worked for the Rogers firm for three years, then left in 1862 to start his own practice."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1892 | Campaign against Harrison",
"text": "Iron Co. The final result was a victory for Cleveland by wide margins in both the popular and electoral votes, and it was Cleveland's third consecutive popular vote plurality."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1884 | Campaign against Blaine",
"text": "While the popular vote total was close, with Cleveland winning by just one-quarter of a percent, the electoral votes gave Cleveland a majority of 219–182."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1884 | Campaign against Blaine",
"text": "After the votes were counted, Cleveland narrowly won all four of the swing states, including New York by 1200 votes."
},
{
"section_header": "1896 election and retirement",
"text": "The party won only 100,000 votes in the general election, and William McKinley, the Republican nominee, triumphed easily over Bryan."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1884 | Campaign against Blaine",
"text": "The Irish, a significant group in three of the swing states, did appear inclined to support Blaine until a Republican, Samuel D. Burchard, gave a speech pivotal for the Democrats, denouncing them as the party of \"Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (1885–1889 and 1893–1897)."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1888 and return to private life | Defeated by Harrison",
"text": "But unlike that year, when Cleveland had triumphed in all four, in 1888 he won only two, losing his home state of New York by 14,373 votes."
}
] |
Grover Cleveland won the popular vote for three presidential elections and served three terms.
| 1 | 4 |
Grover Cleveland
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "No place name is mentioned, nor a specific time period, which is generally indicated by, among other elements, older coaches, the title \"His Majesty\" in reference to George III, and the old London Bridge prior to the 1824–1831 reconstruction."
}
] |
AFaDfDH64nij96PhtkbI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Imperialism",
"text": "Edward W. Said, in his 1993 work Culture and Imperialism, interprets Great Expectations in terms of postcolonial theory about of late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries British imperialism."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Second Stage",
"text": "Pip takes Estella to Satis House."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Third Stage",
"text": "Pip is shocked, and stops taking Magwitch's money."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Great Expectations's single most obvious literary predecessor is Dickens's earlier first-person narrator-protagonist David Copperfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Editions",
"text": "Robert L Patten identifies four American editions in 1861 and sees the proliferation of publications in Europe and across the Atlantic as \"extraordinary testimony\" to Great Expectations's popularity."
},
{
"section_header": "The creative process | Revised ending",
"text": "Following comments by Edward Bulwer-Lytton that the ending was too sad, Dickens rewrote it prior to publication."
},
{
"section_header": "The creative process | Publication in All the Year Round",
"text": "In late December, Dickens wrote to Mary Boyle that \"Great Expectations [is] a very great success and universally liked.\" Dickens gave six readings from 14 March to 18 April 1861, and in May, Dickens took a few days' holiday in Dover."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Antagonists",
"text": "Later he sets up Magwitch to take the fall for another swindle."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Pip as social outcast",
"text": "For Pip, winning a place in society also means winning Estella's heart."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Miss Havisham and her family",
"text": "Miss Havisham, a wealthy spinster who takes Pip on as a companion for herself and her adopted daughter, Estella."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "No place name is mentioned, nor a specific time period, which is generally indicated by, among other elements, older coaches, the title \"His Majesty\" in reference to George III, and the old London Bridge prior to the 1824–1831 reconstruction."
}
] |
Great Expectations' plot takes place in the late 1800s when Edward VIII was a king.
| 0 | 0 |
Great Expectations
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played for 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a catcher for the St. Louis Browns, Boston Red Sox, and Washington Senators, from 1929 through 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues",
"text": "He earned a reputation as one of the best knuckleball catchers in baseball when he had the arduous task of catching for a Senators' starting pitching staff made up entirely of knuckleball pitchers."
}
] |
AG3M92ekD5usxY0rkQaq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wes Ferrell reached the major leagues as a pitcher while another brother, George Ferrell, played as an outfielder in minor league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played for 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a catcher for the St. Louis Browns, Boston Red Sox, and Washington Senators, from 1929 through 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Richard Benjamin Ferrell (October 12, 1905 – July 27, 1995) was an American professional baseball player, coach, scout, and executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His brother, Wes Ferrell, was a major league pitcher for 15 seasons, and they were teammates from 1933 through part of 1938 on the Red Sox and Senators."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He died in July 1995. Richard Benjamin Ferrell was born on October 12, 1905 in Durham, North Carolina, to Rufus and Alice, and grew up on a 160-acre dairy farm near Greensboro, North Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues",
"text": "In June 1937, Ferrell was hitting for a .308 batting average when he was traded to the Washington Senators along with his brother and Mel Almada for pitcher Bobo Newsom and outfielder Ben Chapman."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues",
"text": "When the Red Sox played the Cleveland Indians two weeks later on July 19, 1933, Ferrell hit a home run against his brother Wes, who later hit a home run off Boston pitcher Hank Johnson, marking the first time in major league history that brothers on opposing teams had hit home runs in the same game."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues",
"text": "He earned a reputation as one of the best knuckleball catchers in baseball when he had the arduous task of catching for a Senators' starting pitching staff made up entirely of knuckleball pitchers."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career and legacy",
"text": "In an 18-year career, Ferrell played in 1,884 games, accumulating 1,692 hits in 6,028 at bats for a .281 career batting average along with 28 home runs, 734 runs batted in and an impressive on-base percentage of .378."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career and legacy",
"text": "He currently ranks 12th all-time in games played as a catcher."
}
] |
Richard Ferrell played in the MLB as a pitcher.
| 0 | 0 |
Rick Ferrell
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The modern city of Corinth is located approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the ancient ruins."
}
] |
AGQ8fbnmcDseoykm7IHx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ancient city and its environs | Acrocorinth, the acropolis",
"text": "Currently, Acrocorinth is one of the most important medieval castle sites of Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Corinth",
"text": "In 1858, the village surrounding the ruins of Ancient Corinth was destroyed by an earthquake, leading to the establishment of New Corinth 3 km (1.9 mi) NE of the ancient city."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The modern city of Corinth is located approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the ancient ruins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ancient Corinth was one of the largest and most important cities of Greece, with a population of 90,000 in 400 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient city and its environs | Acrocorinth, the acropolis",
"text": "The highest peak on the site was home to a temple to Aphrodite which was Christianized as a church, and then became a mosque."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Corinth under the tyrants",
"text": "Those settlements were Epidamnus (modern day Durrës, Albania), Syracuse, Ambracia (modern day town of Lefkas), Corcyra (modern day town of Corfu), and Anactorium."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable people | Ancient Greece",
"text": "Diogenes of Sinope, 4th century BC, one of the world's best known cynics"
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient city and its environs | Acrocorinth, the acropolis",
"text": "Acrocorinthis, the acropolis of ancient Corinth, is a monolithic rock that was continuously occupied from archaic times to the early 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory and founding myths",
"text": "It seems likely that Corinth was also the site of a Bronze Age Mycenaean palace-city, like Mycenae, Tiryns, or Pylos."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable people | Ancient Greece",
"text": "Euphranor (4th century BC), sculptor and painter Periander (7th century BC), listed as one of the Seven Sages of Greece"
}
] |
Ancient Corinth is on the same site as the modern city.
| 0 | 0 |
Ancient Corinth
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Feeding and excretion",
"text": "Most obtain the majority of their food from predation but some, including the corals Hetroxenia and Leptogorgia, depend almost completely on their endosymbionts and on absorbing dissolved nutrients."
}
] |
AGUA99PIDq9xL47YKo91
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ecology",
"text": "Some cnidarians are parasites, mainly on jellyfish but a few are major pests of fish."
},
{
"section_header": "Distinguishing features",
"text": "Cnidarians are distinguished from all other animals by having cnidocytes that fire harpoon like structures and are usually used mainly to capture prey."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their distinguishing feature is cnidocytes, specialized cells that they use mainly for capturing prey."
},
{
"section_header": "Interaction with humans",
"text": "Coral, mainly from the Pacific Ocean has long been used in jewellery, and demand rose sharply in the 1980s."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Regeneration",
"text": "This enables corals to recover even after apparently being destroyed by predators."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Feeding and excretion",
"text": "Cnidarians feed in several ways: predation, absorbing dissolved organic chemicals, filtering food particles out of the water, obtaining nutrients from symbiotic algae within their cells, and parasitism."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Feeding and excretion",
"text": "Cnidaria give their symbiotic algae carbon dioxide, some nutrients, a place in the sun and protection against predators."
},
{
"section_header": "Ecology",
"text": "Predators of cnidarians include: sea slugs, which can incorporate nematocysts into their own bodies for self-defense; starfish, notably the crown of thorns starfish, which can devastate corals; butterfly fish and parrot fish, which eat corals; and marine turtles, which eat jellyfish."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Feeding and excretion",
"text": "Most obtain the majority of their food from predation but some, including the corals Hetroxenia and Leptogorgia, depend almost completely on their endosymbionts and on absorbing dissolved nutrients."
},
{
"section_header": "Ecology",
"text": "Some sea anemones and jellyfish have a symbiotic relationship with some fish; for example clown fish live among the tentacles of sea anemones, and each partner protects the other against predators."
}
] |
Cnidarians are mainly predators.
| 0 | 0 |
Cnidaria
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cooper began his career as a film extra and stunt rider, but soon landed acting roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of the top 10 film personalities for 23 consecutive years, and one of the top money-making stars for 18 years."
}
] |
AI6A5R6ZIIIJODDn9msn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Acting style and reputation",
"text": "High Noon's later Gary Cooper, I liked that."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cooper and Talbot became close friends and hunting companions, and Talbot later worked as Cooper's stuntman and stand-in for over three decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The American Film Institute (AFI) ranked Cooper at No. 11 on its list of the 25 greatest male stars of classic Hollywood cinema."
},
{
"section_header": "Career assessment and legacy",
"text": "Worked for Gary Cooper.\" Gary Cooper is referenced several times in the critically acclaimed television series The Sopranos, with protagonist Tony Soprano asking \"What ever happened to Gary Cooper?"
},
{
"section_header": "Career assessment and legacy",
"text": "In the 1930s hit song \"Putting on the Ritz\", Cooper is referenced in the line \"dress up like a million dollar trooper/Tryin' hard to look like Gary Cooper, Super duper!\" More than two decades after Cooper's death a new version of the song was released in 1983 by Taco; the original lyrics were kept, including the references to Cooper."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later films, 1953–61",
"text": "Cooper delivered a \"powerful and persuasive\" performance of an emotionally scarred man whose need to dominate others is transformed by the love and sacrifice of a woman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career assessment and legacy",
"text": "\"In the TV series Justified, based on works and characters created by Elmore Leonard, Gary Cooper is used throughout the six seasons as the man whom U.S. Marshall Raylan Givens, played by Timothy Olyphant, aspires to be."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Romantic relationships",
"text": "In later life, he became involved in a relationship with the costume designer, Irene, and was, according to Irene, \"the only man she ever loved\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting style and reputation",
"text": "I really fell in love with Gary Cooper, and his stuff."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Silent films, 1925–28",
"text": "Knowing that other actors were using the name \"Frank Cooper\", Collins suggested he change his first name to \"Gary\" after her hometown of Gary, Indiana."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cooper began his career as a film extra and stunt rider, but soon landed acting roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of the top 10 film personalities for 23 consecutive years, and one of the top money-making stars for 18 years."
}
] |
Gary Cooper was originally a stuntman and later was the leading man in cinema.
| 1 | 3 |
Gary Cooper
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When they signed to Geffen Records in 1986, the band comprised vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler."
}
] |
AIKN6NhGRFODhYCFdsPu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "So, that same night he got fired we started Guns N’"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "Roses and I called Izzy the next day and said 'Hey, we are gonna start this new band called Guns N’ Roses, do you want in?”"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction and Appetite for Democracy (2009–2014)",
"text": "Rose filed a $5 million counter-lawsuit against Azoff, saying that Azoff sabotaged sales of Guns N' Roses' comeback album and lied about a potential \"super tour\" with Van Halen, a band managed by Azoff, as part of a plan to force Rose to reunite with his estranged former band members."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "In 1984, Hollywood Rose member Izzy Stradlin was living with L.A. Guns member Tracii Guns."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy, style, influence, and criticism",
"text": "Guns N' Roses has influenced many modern rock bands such as Fall Out"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Breakthrough and mass popularity (1987–1989) | Appetite for Destruction",
"text": "By the time \"Paradise City\" and its video reached the airwaves, peaking at No. 5 in the U.S."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Lineup changes and sporadic activity (1994–1999)",
"text": "And that's when Slash really started going, 'Fuck this."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New lineups and Chinese Democracy (1999–2008) | Background of new album",
"text": "A new Guns N' Roses album had reportedly been in the works since 1994, with Rose the only original member still in the band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New lineups and Chinese Democracy (1999–2008) | Title announcement and touring, tour cancellation and member departures",
"text": "There's nothing out there right now that has that kind of scope."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy, style, influence, and criticism",
"text": "The band has also been criticized for tardiness and starting shows later than advertised."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When they signed to Geffen Records in 1986, the band comprised vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler."
}
] |
Guns N' Roses had 5 members when they started out.
| 0 | 0 |
Guns N' Roses
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Later seasons",
"text": "Fox was perennially one of the toughest batters to strike out, fanning just 216 times in his career, an average of once every 42.7 at-bats which ranks him 3rd all-time."
}
] |
AIaTpyXAD8wSV5nQhMsh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fox was one of the best second basemen of all time, and the third-most difficult hitter to strike out in Major League Baseball (MLB) history."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Later seasons",
"text": "Fox was perennially one of the toughest batters to strike out, fanning just 216 times in his career, an average of once every 42.7 at-bats which ranks him 3rd all-time."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Later seasons",
"text": "A solid contact hitter (lifetime .288 batting average), he batted over .300 six times, with 2,663 hits, 355 doubles, and 112 triples."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "Fox was diagnosed with skin cancer in 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Fox caught the attention of Mack who signed him to a professional contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Defensive skills",
"text": "Fox was one of the best second basemen in the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "Fox died on December 1, 1975, at the age of 47."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Fox was not selected to the Hall of Fame in his initial period of eligibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Later seasons",
"text": "In 1951, Fox hit more triples (12) than he had strikeouts (11)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2001, a Pennsylvania state historical marker was dedicated to honor Fox."
}
] |
Fox was a famously troublesome hitter to strike out.
| 1 | 4 |
Nellie Fox
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Winters are usually chilly with light snow, and summers are hot and humid."
}
] |
AIbxOlxNW2LTNofg3HTY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Blizzards affect Washington on average once every four to six years."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Winters are usually chilly with light snow, and summers are hot and humid."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Spring and fall are mild to warm, while winter is chilly with annual snowfall averaging 15.5 inches (39 cm)."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Summers are hot and humid with a July daily average of 79.8 °F (26.6 °C) and average daily relative humidity around 66%, which can cause moderate personal discomfort."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Hurricanes (or their remnants) occasionally track through the area in late summer and early fall but are often weak by the time they reach Washington, partly due to the city's inland location."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation",
"text": "With an average of about one million trips each weekday, Metro is the second-busiest rapid transit system in the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Budgetary issues",
"text": "Trump's 2019 Independence Day event, \"A Salute to America\", cost six times more than Independence Day events in past years."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "During a typical year, the city averages about 37 days at or above 90 °F (32 °C) and 64 nights at or below the freezing mark (32 °F or 0 °C)."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In 2019, the poverty rate stood at 14.7%.Of the District's population, 17% is Baptist, 13% is Catholic, 6% is evangelical Protestant, 4% is Methodist, 3% is Episcopalian/Anglican, 3% is Jewish, 2% is Eastern Orthodox, 1% is Pentecostal, 1% is Buddhist, 1% is Adventist, 1% is Lutheran, 1% is Muslim, 1% is Presbyterian, 1% is Mormon, and 1% is Hindu."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Washington is one of 13 cities in the United States with teams from all four major professional men's sports and is home to one major professional women's team."
}
] |
Washington gets blizzards on average 6 times every 4 years and Summers are usually cool and mild.
| 1 | 6 |
Washington, D.C.
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "From her teenage years and throughout her life she translated works in Latin and Greek by numerous classical authors, including the Pro Marcello of Cicero, the De consolatione philosophiae of Boethius, a treatise by Plutarch, and the Annals of Tacitus."
}
] |
AJNQBSJbpvp5o1NR5rzw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "A translation of Tacitus from Lambeth Palace Library, one of only four surviving English translations from the early modern era, was confirmed as Elizabeth's own in 2019, after a detailed analysis of the handwriting and paper was undertaken."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "When it became clear that Mary was not pregnant, no one believed any longer that she could have a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "By the time her formal education ended in 1550, Elizabeth was one of the best educated women of her generation."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "Elizabeth fervently protested her innocence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "England's victory against the Spanish Armada in 1588 associated Elizabeth with one of the greatest military victories in English history."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "If Mary and her child died, Elizabeth would become queen."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "On 6 November, Mary recognised Elizabeth as her heir."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "Mary, a devout Catholic, was determined to crush the Protestant faith in which Elizabeth had been educated, and she ordered that everyone attend Catholic Mass; Elizabeth had to outwardly conform."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "By October 1558, Elizabeth was already making plans for her government."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "One of the causes for this \"second reign\" of Elizabeth, as it is sometimes called, was the changed character of Elizabeth's governing body, the privy council in the 1590s."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "From her teenage years and throughout her life she translated works in Latin and Greek by numerous classical authors, including the Pro Marcello of Cicero, the De consolatione philosophiae of Boethius, a treatise by Plutarch, and the Annals of Tacitus."
}
] |
One of Elizabeth I's hobbies was translation.
| 0 | 0 |
Elizabeth I
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A renowned curveball pitcher, Blyleven was a two-time All-Star and World Series champion."
}
] |
AJesuNM3l34OkBBgfVYx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Bert was a terrific pitcher—a dominating pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Commentating career",
"text": "Fans—both at home and at road games—carry signs to the games saying \"Circle me Bert."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bert Blyleven (born Rik Aalbert Blijleven, April 6, 1951) is a Dutch American former professional baseball pitcher who played from 1970 to 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He earned the moniker \"Frying Dutchman\" by frequently setting fire to his teammates' shoelaces, a practical joke known as a \"hot-foot.\" During his time with the Angels, the fire extinguisher in the team's clubhouse at Angel Stadium read: \" In case of Blyleven: Pull.\" Blyleven did not know his correct name until he was about to get married."
},
{
"section_header": "Commentating career",
"text": "In 1996, Blyleven became a color commentator for the Twins."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father moved the family to Melville, Saskatchewan when Blyleven was two years old, and he then moved his family to Southern California when Blyleven was five years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "\"Blyleven was a pitching coach for the Netherlands in the 2009 World Baseball Classic."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Blyleven missed the entire 1991 season following rotator cuff surgery."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Blyleven was one of baseball's most notorious dugout pranksters during his playing days."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A renowned curveball pitcher, Blyleven was a two-time All-Star and World Series champion."
}
] |
Bert Blyleven was known for his fastball.
| 0 | 0 |
Bert Blyleven
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Foo Fighters is an American rock band, formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1994."
}
] |
AJownJPCWGODM3CwSD7S
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and debut album (1994–1995)",
"text": "Foo Fighters made its live public debut on February 23, 1995, at the Jambalaya Club in Arcata, California, and then March 3 at The Satyricon in Portland."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and debut album (1994–1995)",
"text": "The band's first single, \"This Is a Call\", was released in June 1995, and its debut album Foo Fighters was released the next month."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Wasting Light (2010–2012)",
"text": "In August 2010, the band began recording their seventh studio album with producer Butch Vig, who had previously produced the two new tracks for the band's Greatest Hits album."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Wasting Light (2010–2012)",
"text": "The film, entitled Back and Forth, chronicles the band's career, from the dissolution of Nirvana due to the death of frontman Kurt Cobain to the formation of Foo Fighters as Dave Grohl's \"one-man band\" to the status of the band in 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band began with performances in Portland, Oregon."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and debut album (1994–1995)",
"text": "Grohl hoped to keep his anonymity and release the recordings in a limited run under the title \"Foo Fighters\", taken from \"foo fighter\", a World War II term for unidentified flying objects."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and debut album (1994–1995)",
"text": "Foo Fighters frontman Dave Grohl joined the grunge group Nirvana as its drummer in 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and debut album (1994–1995)",
"text": "Foo Fighters undertook its first major tour in the spring of 1995, opening for Mike Watt."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Saint Cecilia EP and Concrete and Gold (2015–2019)",
"text": "The band began touring in June 2017, including headlining the Glastonbury Festival 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Saint Cecilia EP and Concrete and Gold (2015–2019)",
"text": "The Foo Fighters planned to follow their international tour with a North American tour to promote Sonic Highways, beginning with a special Fourth of July event in Washington, D.C., that would commemorate the band's 20th anniversary."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Foo Fighters is an American rock band, formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1994."
}
] |
The Foo Fighters band's formation began in San Francisco, California.
| 0 | 1 |
Foo Fighters
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Participants",
"text": "The Congress functioned through formal meetings such as working groups and official diplomatic functions; however, a large portion of the Congress was conducted informally at salons, banquets, and balls."
}
] |
AJug8FxAfc2GWJS4fHcz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In a technical sense, the \"Congress of Vienna\" was not properly a congress: it never met in plenary session, and most of the discussions occurred in informal, face-to-face sessions among the Great Powers of Austria, Britain, France, Russia, and sometimes Prussia, with limited or no participation by other delegates."
},
{
"section_header": "Participants",
"text": "The Congress functioned through formal meetings such as working groups and official diplomatic functions; however, a large portion of the Congress was conducted informally at salons, banquets, and balls."
},
{
"section_header": "Participants | Four Great Powers and Bourbon France",
"text": "As the Congress's sessions were in Vienna, Emperor Francis was kept closely informed."
},
{
"section_header": "Later criticism",
"text": "Historian Mark Jarrett argues that the Congress of Vienna and the Congress System marked \"the true beginning of our modern era\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Later criticism",
"text": "Besides, the main decisions of the Congress were made by the Four Great Powers and not all the countries of Europe could extend their rights at the Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Final Act | Other changes",
"text": "Representatives at the Congress agreed to numerous other territorial changes."
},
{
"section_header": "Talleyrand's role | Polish-Saxon crisis",
"text": "The most dangerous topic at the Congress was the so-called Polish-Saxon Crisis."
},
{
"section_header": "Participants | Others",
"text": "The Congress was noted for its lavish entertainment: according to a famous joke it did not move, but danced."
},
{
"section_header": "Final Act",
"text": "The Congress also suggested a number of compromised for territorial disputes between cantons to be resolved."
},
{
"section_header": "Later criticism",
"text": "He says the Congress of Vienna avoided them and instead set up rules that produced a stable and benign equilibrium."
}
] |
The Congress of Vienna's sessions operated through only casual gathering at horse barns.
| 2 | 6 |
Congress of Vienna
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Often regarded as one of his best works, the novel presents a future American society where books are outlawed and \"firemen\" burn any that are found."
}
] |
AKBdTA24mOX8n7j2lVU6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The earliest editions make clear that it takes place no earlier than the year"
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and development",
"text": "Urged by a publisher at Ballantine Books to double the length of his story to make a novel, Bradbury returned to the same typing room and expanded his work into Fahrenheit 451, again taking just nine days."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theater",
"text": "The Off-Broadway theatre The American Place Theatre presented a one man show adaptation of Fahrenheit 451 as a part of their 2008–2009 Literature to Life season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fahrenheit 451 is a dystopian novel by American writer Ray Bradbury, first published in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "In the late 1950s, Bradbury recounted: In writing the short novel Fahrenheit 451, I thought I was describing a world that might evolve in four or five decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In 1954, Galaxy Science Fiction reviewer Groff Conklin placed the novel \"among the great works of the imagination written in English in the last decade or more.\" The Chicago"
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and development",
"text": "a proto-Fahrenheit 451. In the Preface of his 2006 anthology Match to Flame: The Fictional Paths to Fahrenheit 451 he states that this is an oversimplification."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | \"The Sieve and the Sand\"",
"text": "He suggests that perhaps the books of the past have messages that can save society from its own destruction."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "According to Bradbury, it is the people, not the state, who are the culprit in Fahrenheit 451."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and development",
"text": "The full genealogy of Fahrenheit 451 given in Match to Flame is involved."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Often regarded as one of his best works, the novel presents a future American society where books are outlawed and \"firemen\" burn any that are found."
}
] |
Fahrenheit 451 is a novel that takes place in the past.
| 0 | 0 |
Fahrenheit 451
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 1965 to 1979, he was a pitcher for the Kansas City / Oakland Athletics and New York Yankees."
}
] |
AKEfUkdql5EsCijI5weZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Kansas City/Oakland Athletics",
"text": "Prior to the 1968 season, Finley moved the A's from Kansas City to Oakland."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Kansas City/Oakland Athletics",
"text": "He had won 161 games for the A's, 131 in seven seasons in Oakland and 30 in his first three seasons in Kansas City."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The accident left Hunter somewhat hobbled and jeopardized his prospects in the eyes of many professional scouts, but the Kansas City Athletics signed Hunter to a contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 1965 to 1979, he was a pitcher for the Kansas City / Oakland Athletics and New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Kansas City/Oakland Athletics",
"text": "Finley gave Hunter the nickname \"Catfish\" in 1965 because he thought his 19-year-old pitcher needed a flashy nickname."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "He had been courted by 23 of the 24 teams, including the A's but not the San Francisco Giants, and refused higher offers from the San Diego Padres and the Kansas City Royals."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "While with the Yankees, Hunter was a resident of Norwood, New Jersey, preferring to live outside of New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honors",
"text": "The Jim \"Catfish\" Hunter Memorial is located in Hertford."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Kansas City/Oakland Athletics",
"text": "A story circulated that Hunter's family gave him the nickname as a child when he went missing and was later found with a string of catfish; there is no truth to that explanation."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honors",
"text": "In 2004, the Oakland Athletics began the Catfish Hunter Award."
}
] |
Catfish Hunter was a catcher for Kansas City.
| 0 | 0 |
Catfish Hunter
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services."
}
] |
AKT4v1xFPE5lXt1FVaSQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Headquarters",
"text": "The facility, which opened in 1980, is Apple's first location outside of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Headquarters",
"text": "Its United Kingdom headquarters is at Stockley Park on the outskirts of London."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Headquarters",
"text": "Apple's headquarters for Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) are located in Cork in the south of Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Headquarters",
"text": "Apple Inc.'s world corporate headquarters are located in the middle of Silicon Valley, at 1–6 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Finance",
"text": "As of 2016, Apple has around US$234 billion of cash and marketable securities, of which 90% is located outside the United States for tax purposes."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and controversies",
"text": "The United States Department of Justice also began a review of big tech firms to establish whether they could be unlawfully stifling competition in a broad antitrust probe in 2019.In December 2019, a report found that the iPhone 11 Pro continues tracking location and collecting user data even after users have disabled location services."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Headquarters",
"text": "This is Apple's third office located within Israel; the first, also in Herzliya, was obtained as part of the Anobit acquisition, and the other is a research center in Haifa."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Headquarters",
"text": "The expansion consists of two locations, with one having 1.1 million square feet (100,000 m2) of workspace, and the other 216,000 square feet (20,100 m2)."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Privacy stance",
"text": "However, Apple aids law enforcement in criminal investigations by providing iCloud backups of users' devices, and the company's commitment to privacy has been questioned by its efforts to promote biometric authentication technology in its newer iPhone models, which don't have the same level of constitutional privacy as a passcode in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Brand loyalty",
"text": "Fortune magazine named Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services."
}
] |
The company's headquarter is located in the West Cost of the United States
| 3 | 4 |
Apple Inc.
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His grandson, Ben Chandler, later served as congressman for Kentucky's Sixth District."
}
] |
AKockKt9OvK2gqwvb8po
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Benjamin Albert Benjamin \"Happy\" Chandler Sr. (July 14, 1898 – June 15, 1991) was an American politician from Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His grandson, Ben Chandler, later served as congressman for Kentucky's Sixth District."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"Happy\" because of his jovial nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Second term as governor | Governorship",
"text": "The anti-Chandler forces eventually put forth Bert Combs as their nominee again."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career",
"text": "Chandler entered politics when he was named chairman of the Woodford County Democratic Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball",
"text": "Others resented his folksy, political style, calling him \"a preening politician,\" \"the Kentucky windbag,\" and \"a hand-shaking baby-kissing practitioner of the arts.\" Chandler further alienated the press by moving the commissioner's office to Cincinnati from Chicago in 1946.In early 1946, Jorge Pasquel and his four brothers, who owned the Mexican League, siphoned campaign funds from the upcoming Mexican presidential election and used them to offer large salaries and signing bonuses to American baseball players."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1987, filmmaker Robby Henson profiled Chandler in a 30-minute documentary entitled Roads Home: The Life and Times of A.B. 'Happy' Chandler."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "His opponent in the primary was Edward T. \"Ned\" Breathitt Jr., the choice of outgoing Governor Bert Combs."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball",
"text": "Chandler's name appeared in the top three on each of the sixteen ballots."
},
{
"section_header": "Second term as governor | 1955 gubernatorial campaign",
"text": "Clements virtually handpicked a relatively unknown candidate, Kentucky Court of Appeals Judge Bert T. Combs."
}
] |
Happy Chandler was a politician and he had a grandson named Bert who was also a politician.
| 0 | 0 |
Happy Chandler
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Francisco Pizarro González (; Spanish: [fɾanˈθisko piˈθaro]; c. 1471–1476 – 26 June 1541) was a Spanish conquistador, best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of Peru."
}
] |
AL2q6P6K9i3MeCJQOG4G
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Expeditions to South America | Second expedition (1526) | The Famous Thirteen",
"text": "Pizarro was also given two Peruvian boys to learn Spanish, one of whom was later baptized as Felipillo and served as an important interpreter, the equivalent of Cortés' La Malinche of Mexico, and another called Martinillo."
},
{
"section_header": "Works of Pizarro",
"text": "Pizarro, Francisco (15 January 2009). \" Cartas del Marqués Don Francisco Pizarro (1533–1541)\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works of Pizarro",
"text": "Pizarro, Francisco (15 January 2009)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Sculptures",
"text": "The first copy was offered to Mexico to represent Cortés, though it was rejected."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions to South America | Conquest of Peru (1532)",
"text": "Francisco Pizarro and de Soto were opposed to Atahualpa's execution, but Francisco consented to the trial due to the \"great agitation among the soldiers\", particularly by Almagro."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions to South America | Conquest of Peru (1532)",
"text": "By 1538, it was known she had borne Pizarro two sons, Juan and Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions to South America",
"text": "These revelations, along with the accounts for Cortés' success in Mexico, caught the attention of Pizarro, prompting a series of expeditions to the south."
},
{
"section_header": "Works of Pizarro",
"text": "\"Francisco Pizarro response to a petition by Pedro del Barco\", 14 April 1539."
},
{
"section_header": "Works of Pizarro",
"text": "\" Cédula de encomienda de Francisco Pizarro a Diego Maldonado, Cuzco, 15 de abril de 1539\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother married late in life and had a son Francisco Martín de Alcántara, who was at the conquest of Peru with his half-brother from its inception."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Francisco Pizarro González (; Spanish: [fɾanˈθisko piˈθaro]; c. 1471–1476 – 26 June 1541) was a Spanish conquistador, best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of Peru."
}
] |
Francisco Pizarro has been famous for his conquest of Mexico.
| 0 | 4 |
Francisco Pizarro
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since protons and neutrons behave similarly within the nucleus, and each has a mass of approximately one atomic mass unit, they are both referred to as nucleons."
}
] |
ALC1MZ0TfhlP1AXqwqNX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Magnetic moment",
"text": "The masses of the quarks are actually only about 1% that of a nucleon."
},
{
"section_header": "Neutron temperature | Fission energy neutrons",
"text": "A fast neutron is a free neutron with a kinetic energy level close to 1 MeV (1.6×10−13 J), hence a speed of ~14000 km/s ("
},
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Mass",
"text": "However, since the masses of a proton and of a deuteron can be measured with a mass spectrometer, the mass of a neutron can be deduced by subtracting proton mass from deuteron mass, with the difference being the mass of the neutron plus the binding energy of deuterium (expressed as a positive emitted energy)."
},
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Electric charge",
"text": "By comparison, the charge of the proton is +1 e."
},
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Mass",
"text": "The mass of a neutron cannot be directly determined by mass spectrometry due to lack of electric charge."
},
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Mass",
"text": "These give a neutron mass of: mneutron= 1.008644904(14) uThe value for the neutron mass in MeV is less accurately known, due to less accuracy in the known conversion of u to MeV: mneutron= 939.56563(28) MeV/c2.Another method to determine the mass of a neutron starts from the beta decay of the neutron, when the momenta of the resulting proton and electron are measured."
},
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Mass",
"text": "The best modern (1986) values for neutron mass by this technique are provided by Greene, et al."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With their positive charge, the protons within the nucleus are repelled by the long-range electromagnetic force, but the much stronger, but short-range, nuclear force binds the nucleons closely together."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and production",
"text": "The energy of most of these neutrons, even with initial energies of 20 MeV, decreases down to the keV range within 1 ms."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "These events and findings led to the first self-sustaining nuclear reactor (Chicago Pile-1, 1942) and the first nuclear weapon (Trinity, 1945)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since protons and neutrons behave similarly within the nucleus, and each has a mass of approximately one atomic mass unit, they are both referred to as nucleons."
}
] |
A neutron has a mass close to 1 amu.
| 1 | 3 |
Neutron
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957) was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957."
}
] |
ALaQ5wfllWf3noKMfFWW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | \"Joe Must Go\" recall attempt",
"text": "Despite critics' claims that a recall attempt was foolhardy, the \"Joe Must Go\" movement caught fire and was backed by a diverse coalition including other Republican leaders, Democrats, businessmen, farmers and students."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "Bob Hope was one of the first comedians to make jokes about Senator Joe McCarthy."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture | Post-censure reaction",
"text": "McCarthy was also portrayed by Joe Don Baker in the 1992 HBO film Citizen Cohn."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "Several comedy songs lampooning the senator were released in 1954, including \"Point of Order\" by Stan Freberg and Daws Butler, \"Senator McCarthy Blues\" by Hal Block, and unionist folk singer Joe Glazer's \"Joe McCarthy's Band\", sung to the tune of \"McNamara's Band\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Senate campaign",
"text": "It was during this campaign that McCarthy started publicizing his war-time nickname \"Tail-Gunner Joe\", using the slogan, \"Congress needs a tail-gunner\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture | Post-censure reaction",
"text": "McCarthy was portrayed by Peter Boyle in the 1977 Emmy-winning television movie Tail Gunner Joe, a dramatization of McCarthy's life."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture | Post-censure reaction",
"text": "'Joe' McCarthy is also mentioned in Billy Joel's 1989 song \"We Didn't Start the Fire.\" McCarthyism is one of the subjects of Barbara Kingsolver's novel The Lacuna."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture | Post-censure reaction",
"text": "In the German-French docu-drama The Real American – Joe McCarthy (2012), directed by Lutz Hachmeister, McCarthy is portrayed by the British actor and comedian John Sessions."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | \"Joe Must Go\" recall attempt",
"text": "A Republican and former McCarthy supporter, Gore cited the senator with subverting President Eisenhower's authority, disrespecting Wisconsin's own Gen. Ralph Wise Zwicker and ignoring the plight of Wisconsin dairy farmers faced with price-slashing surpluses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He volunteered to fly twelve combat missions as a gunner-observer, acquiring the nickname \"Tail-Gunner Joe\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957) was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957."
}
] |
Joe McCarthy was the Senator for Nebraska.
| 1 | 5 |
Joe McCarthy
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because the Plan resolved a serious international crisis, Dawes shared the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925 for his work."
}
] |
ALm7tYPobNwtt7mRWVgD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dawes Plan (as proposed by the Dawes Committee, chaired by Charles G. Dawes) was a plan in 1924 that successfully resolved the issue of World War I reparations that Germany had to pay."
},
{
"section_header": "Main points of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "The Dawes Plan went into effect in September 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Main points of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "In an agreement of August 1924, the main points of The Dawes Plan were: The Ruhr area was to be evacuated by foreign troops"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because the Plan resolved a serious international crisis, Dawes shared the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925 for his work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dawes Plan was put forward and was signed in Paris on August 16th 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stresemann was Chancellor after the Hyperinflation Crisis of 1923 and was in charge of getting Germany back its global reputation for being a fighting force."
},
{
"section_header": "Results of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "The Dawes Plan resulted in French troops leaving the Ruhr Valley."
},
{
"section_header": "Results of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "The Dawes Plan was also the beginning of the ties between German industry and American investment banks."
},
{
"section_header": "Main points of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "However, the Dawes Plan was considered by the Germans as a temporary measure and they expected a revised solution in the future."
},
{
"section_header": "Main points of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "In 1928, German Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann called for a final plan to be established, and the Young Plan was enacted in 1929."
}
] |
The Dawes Plan did not resolve the global dilemma in 1924.
| 0 | 0 |
Dawes Plan
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elements of the play were borrowed from Shaw's 1882 novel Cashel Byron's Profession, about a man who becomes a boxer due to limited employment opportunities."
}
] |
AME2qekm5T5eQg2Ti2vn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mrs. Warren's Profession is a play written by George Bernard Shaw in 1893, and first performed in London in 1902."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A 1960 German film adaption, Mrs. Warren's Profession, starred Lilli Palmer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elements of the play were borrowed from Shaw's 1882 novel Cashel Byron's Profession, about a man who becomes a boxer due to limited employment opportunities."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "in which she justifies herself, is only a paraphrase of a scene in a novel of my own, Cashel Byron's Profession (hence the title, Mrs Warren's Profession), in which a prize-fighter shows how he was driven into the ring exactly as Mrs. Warren was driven on the streets."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Sir George Crofts: Mrs. Warren's business partner."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "Sir Harry Johnston wrote a sequel, a novel entitled Mrs. Warren's Daughter, circa 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Vivie's character and the changing role of women",
"text": "Frank flirts with both Mrs. Warren and Vivie; Mrs. Warren's companion Sir George Crofts proposes marriage to Vivie despite his relationship with her mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Armen Pandola's Mrs.Warren's e-Profession transforms the story by bringing it into modern times."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "It was later held not to be in violation of the law, and has been revived on Broadway five times since."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Vivie Warren: Mrs. Warren's daughter, recently graduated from university with honours."
}
] |
Mrs. Warren's Profession is a play written by George Bernard Shaw in 1893, which later was adapted to a novel about a boxer.
| 0 | 0 |
Mrs. Warren's Profession
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "Two other popular fish recipes are grilled sardines and caldeirada, a tomato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish with a mix of onion, garlic, peppers, potatoes, tomatoes, parsley or coriander."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Primary sector",
"text": "Traditionally a sea power, Portugal has had a strong tradition in the Portuguese fishing sector and is one of the countries with the highest fish consumption per capita."
}
] |
ANRxyNRMwUgt0DILlneg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "The Portuguese consume a lot of dry cod (bacalhau in Portuguese), for which there are hundreds of recipes."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Primary sector",
"text": "Traditionally a sea power, Portugal has had a strong tradition in the Portuguese fishing sector and is one of the countries with the highest fish consumption per capita."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "Portuguese cuisine is very diverse, with different regions having their own traditional dishes."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Primary sector",
"text": "Portuguese-processed fish products are exported through several companies, under a number of different brands and registered trademarks, such as Ramirez, the world's oldest active canned fish producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "There are more than enough bacalhau dishes; over one for each day of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "Two other popular fish recipes are grilled sardines and caldeirada, a tomato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish with a mix of onion, garlic, peppers, potatoes, tomatoes, parsley or coriander."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Government finance",
"text": "On grounds of avoiding a potentially serious financial crisis in the Portuguese economy, the Portuguese government decided to give them a bailout, eventually at a future loss to taxpayers and to the Portuguese people in general."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Up-welling along the west coast of Portugal makes the sea extremely rich in nutrients and diverse species of marine fish; the Portuguese marine waters are one of the richest in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The growth of the Portuguese overseas empire made its missionaries important agents of colonization, with important roles in the education and evangelization of people from all the inhabited continents."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Portuguese people have a preponderancy of genetics (Iron Age Period) which belong to R1b haplogroup family along with Brythonic, Alpine and Goidelic genetical markers."
}
] |
Portuguese people eat a lot of fish dishes.
| 2 | 2 |
Portugal
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express is a detective novel by English writer Agatha Christie featuring the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot."
}
] |
ANb9zpV3zKfRDnmozO3W
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the United States, it was published on 28 February 1934, under the title of Murder in the Calais Coach, by Dodd, Mead and Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The US title of Murder in the Calais Coach was used to avoid confusion with the 1932 Graham Greene novel Stamboul Train, which had been published in the United States as Orient Express."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express is a detective novel by English writer Agatha Christie featuring the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The title was Murder in the Calais Coach, and it was illustrated by William C. Hoople."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Agatha Christie's Poirot \"Murder on the Orient Express\" (2010)David"
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "1934, Collins Crime Club (London), 1 January 1934, Hardcover, 256 pp. 1934, Dodd Mead and Company (New York), 1934, Hardcover, 302 pp. c.1934, Lawrence E. Spivak, Abridged edition, 126 pp."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first published in the United Kingdom by the Collins Crime Club on 1 January 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Computer game",
"text": "The point and click computer game Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express was released in November 2006 for Windows and expanded on Agatha Christie's original story with a new playable central character as Hercule Poirot (voiced by David Suchet) is ill and recovering in his train compartment."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Simple Art of Murder. In December 2014, the novel was included in Entertainment Weekly's list of the Nine Great Christie Novels."
},
{
"section_header": "References and allusions",
"text": "Two less notable events helped inspire her novel: Agatha Christie's first journey on the Orient Express in late 1928, and a blizzard near Cherkeskoy, Turkey, that marooned an Orient Express for six days just a few months later, in February 1929.Flooding from rainfall that washed sections of track away in December 1931 halted Christie's return from her husband's archaeological dig at Nineveh aboard an Orient Express for 24 hours."
}
] |
Murder on the Orient Express is a detective novel by French writer Agatha Christie, where in the United States, it was published on 28 February 1934, under the title of Murder in the Calais Coach, by Dodd, Mead and Company.
| 0 | 0 |
Murder on the Orient Express
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Stunts",
"text": "A total of 340 cars were used in the film, and more than 230 cars were destroyed in the making of the film, including several black Mercedes-Benzes, a Ford Crown Victoria, and a Mitsubishi Montero."
}
] |
ANhTqjDxOvRNCFnAvzwi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Stunts",
"text": "Only 10 percent of the action sequences in the film were computer-generated, and even then, much of the CGI was employed simply to erase the wires and other contraptions that were used to film real cars and drivers or to add a background."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Stunts",
"text": "A total of 340 cars were used in the film, and more than 230 cars were destroyed in the making of the film, including several black Mercedes-Benzes, a Ford Crown Victoria, and a Mitsubishi Montero."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Stunts",
"text": "Razatos told Business Insider that he wanted to rely more on real stunts rather than CGI because he wanted the whole sequence to \"feel real\" and fulfill audience's expectations."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Stunts",
"text": "Over 10 cameras were used for the sequence."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "In July 2015, Moritz said that Walker's character, Brian O'Conner, would not appear in the film, following the use of CGI in the previous film after Walker's death in 2013, with Moritz stating that his character had \"moved on\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Stunts",
"text": "Cameras needed to be mounted onto cars in a way that they would not be destroyed when the cars landed, and the crew had to figure out a safe way to get the cars out of the plane."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Stunts",
"text": "Sky divers would either jump out before cars or after them."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "Paul Walker used to say that [an eighth film] was guaranteed."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Stunts",
"text": "Three skydivers used in the shoot wore helmet cameras to help shoot the sequence from multiple angles."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Stunts",
"text": "They performed a dry run with a single car falling out of a plane and did this six times."
}
] |
The film includes many real stunts and only totaled 23 cars out of the 330 used because of the extensive CGI used.
| 1 | 3 |
Furious 7
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gillick was born to former minor league baseball player Larry Gillick in Chico, California."
}
] |
AO3F7GUKG1Dj2d7ICdHW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "Gillick retired from playing and began a front-office career in 1963, when he became the assistant farm director with the Houston Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "Upon his hiring, the responsibility fell on Gillick to trade Ken Griffey, Jr. to Cincinnati after Griffey played out his final season in Seattle."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was also a gifted pitcher, playing on the 1958 National Title baseball team at USC and spending five years in the minor league systems of the Baltimore Orioles and Pittsburgh Pirates, venturing as high as Triple-A. A left-hander, Gillick posted a win/loss record of 45–32 with an earned run average of 3.42 in 164 minor league games."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 1997, Gillick was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gillick was born to former minor league baseball player Larry Gillick in Chico, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 2018, Gillick became the first executive inducted into the Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lawrence Patrick David Gillick (born August 22, 1937) is an American professional baseball executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gillick was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 1997, the National Baseball Hall of Fame on July 24, 2011, the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 2013, and the Phillies Wall of Fame in 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "Also in 2008, he was named \"King of Baseball\", a ceremonial title awarded by Minor League Baseball to one person each year in recognition of longtime dedication and service to professional baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 2008, baseball fans nationwide voted him the MLB \" This Year in Baseball Awards\" Executive of the Year."
}
] |
Pat Gillick followed in his father's footsteps by playing baseball.
| 2 | 5 |
Pat Gillick
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He died at Marshfield on October 24, 1852 and is buried in Winslow Cemetery near his estate."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In September 1852, Webster returned to his Marshfield estate, where his health continued to decline due to cirrhosis and a subdural hematoma."
}
] |
AO8EMX9HC6oBe1foZPTI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life, family, and religious views",
"text": "In 1831, Webster purchased a 150-acre estate (now known as the Thomas–Webster Estate) in Marshfield, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In September 1852, Webster returned to his Marshfield estate, where his health continued to decline due to cirrhosis and a subdural hematoma."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life, family, and religious views",
"text": "In the ensuing years, Webster spent much of his earnings making various improvements to his estate, and he made it his primary residence in 1837."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He died at Marshfield on October 24, 1852 and is buried in Winslow Cemetery near his estate."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State in the Tyler administration",
"text": "Congress rejected the compromise and instead passed Clay's bill, which was subsequently vetoed by Tyler."
},
{
"section_header": "First period in the Senate | Jackson administration, 1829–1837 | Nullification Crisis",
"text": "After a spirited debate between himself and Calhoun, Congress passed the Force Bill in February 1833."
},
{
"section_header": "First period in the Senate | Jackson administration, 1829–1837 | Rise of the Whig Party and 1836 candidacy",
"text": "Ultimately, the Senate was unable to prevent the deposit removals or the expiration of the national bank's charter, but it did pass resolutions censuring Jackson and Taney."
},
{
"section_header": "First period in the Senate | Van Buren administration, 1837–1841",
"text": "His debt was exacerbated by his propensity for lavishly furnishing his estate and giving away money with \"reckless generosity and heedless profusion,\" in addition to indulging the smaller-scale \"passions and appetites\" of gambling and alcohol."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman and constitutional lawyer | Second stint in the House, 1823–1827",
"text": "In that role, he tried to pass a bill that would relieve Supreme Court justices of having to travel to far-flung western districts, but his bill did not receive a vote in the House."
},
{
"section_header": "First period in the Senate | Jackson administration, 1829–1837 | Nullification Crisis",
"text": "Soon after, it passed the Tariff of 1833, the product of negotiations between Clay and Calhoun; the bill called for the gradual lowering of tariffs over a ten-year period."
}
] |
Webster passed in his estate in Georgetown.
| 3 | 6 |
Daniel Webster
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1937, at the age of 21, Bergman married a dentist, Petter Aron Lindström (1 March 1907 – 24 May 2000), who later became a neurosurgeon."
}
] |
AOqhTNqzPbTnCSPLjJmt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1957–1982 | Anastasia (1956)",
"text": "She married producer Lars Schmidt, a fellow Swede, on 21 December 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1937, at the age of 21, Bergman married a dentist, Petter Aron Lindström (1 March 1907 – 24 May 2000), who later became a neurosurgeon."
},
{
"section_header": "Italian period with Rossellini: 1949–1957",
"text": "Bergman and Rossellini were married on 24 May 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Rossellini later married Sonali Das Gupta in 1957.In 1958, Bergman married Lars Schmidt, a theatrical entrepreneur from a wealthy Swedish shipping family."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Fleming was a married man. Fleming's daughter said that if her father was leaving his wife for another woman, it would have been for Ingrid Bergman."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Her parents married in Hamburg on 13 June 1907."
},
{
"section_header": "Hollywood period: 1939–1949 | Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1941)",
"text": "Despite of them both being married at the time, they did have a short affair."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "A week after her son was born, she divorced Lindström and married Rossellini in Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Hollywood period: 1939–1949 | Spellbound (1945), Notorious (1946), Under Capricorn (1949)",
"text": "Bergman was known for her perfectionism."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1957–1982 | A Woman Called Golda (1982)",
"text": "Insurance for Bergman was impossible."
}
] |
Bergman got married when she was 21.
| 1 | 5 |
Ingrid Bergman
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He is the son of Irish Canadian Catholic parents, Mary Irene (née O'Shea) and Benedict Martin Mulroney, who was a paper mill electrician."
}
] |
AOxhqor2BFiuc0EPh6D9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mulroney would sing Irish songs for McCormick, and the publisher would slip him $50."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He is the son of Irish Canadian Catholic parents, Mary Irene (née O'Shea) and Benedict Martin Mulroney, who was a paper mill electrician."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Order of Canada Citation",
"text": "Brian Mulroney has received several honorary degrees, including: Mulroney was appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada on May 6, 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "After politics | Legacy",
"text": "Former Bloc Québécois leader Michel Gauthier joined the ranks of the Conservative Party mention that he voted for Brian Mulroney in the 1984 and 1988 elections."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Martin Brian Mulroney (; born March 20, 1939) is a Canadian politician who served as the 18th prime minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "After politics | Legacy",
"text": "\"In 2018, CAQ MNA and then Journal de Montreal journalist, Sylvain Lévesque, refers to Brian Mulroney as a political influence when criticizing the relatability progressive decisions made by Justin Trudeau."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime minister (1984–1993) | Airbus/Schreiber affair",
"text": "The investigation pertained to \"improper commissions\" allegedly paid to German-Canadian businessman Karlheinz Schreiber (or to companies controlled by him), Brian Mulroney and former Newfoundland premier Frank Moores in exchange for three government contracts."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime minister (1984–1993) | Retirement",
"text": "Brian and Mila Mulroney's new private residence in Montreal was undergoing renovations, and they did not move out of 24 Sussex until their new home was ready."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Many PC campaign buttons featured both Mulroney's face and hers, and Ontario Premier Bill Davis commented to Brian, \"Mila will get you more votes for you than you will for yourself."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Mulroney is the grandfather of Lewis H. Lapham III, and twins Pierce Lapham and Elizabeth Theodora Lapham, and Miranda Brooke Lapham from daughter, Caroline; and twins Brian Gerald Alexander and John Benedict Dimitri and daughter Isabel Veronica (known as Ivy) by son Ben and his wife Jessica."
}
] |
Brian Mulroney was Irish descant.
| 0 | 0 |
Brian Mulroney
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Philosophy | Sun Ra and black culture | Afrofuturism",
"text": "The influence of Sun Ra can be seen throughout many aspects of black music."
}
] |
APEEZDhgmkbqjia2be3w
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Philosophy | Sun Ra and black culture | Afrofuturism",
"text": "He grounded his practice of Afrofuturism in a musical tradition of performing blackness that remains relevant today."
},
{
"section_header": "Philosophy | Sun Ra and black culture",
"text": "According to Szwed, Sun Ra's view of his relationship to black people and black cultures \"changed drastically\" over time."
},
{
"section_header": "Philosophy | Sun Ra and black culture",
"text": "Initially, Sun Ra identified closely with broader struggles for black power, black political influence, and black identity, and saw his own music as a key element in educating and liberating blacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Philosophy | Sun Ra and black culture | Afrofuturism",
"text": "The influence of Sun Ra can be seen throughout many aspects of black music."
},
{
"section_header": "Philosophy | Sun Ra and black culture | Afrofuturism",
"text": "This embodiment of the narrative allowed him to demonstrate black nationalism as a counternarrative to the present culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Philosophy | Sun Ra and black culture",
"text": "But by the heyday of Black Power radicalism in the 1960s, Sun Ra was expressing disillusionment with these aims."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy",
"text": "In addition, he made his mark in the wider cultural context: he proclaimed the African origins of jazz, reaffirmed pride in black history and reasserted the spiritual and mystical dimensions of music, all important factors in the black cultural/political renaissance of the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy",
"text": "\"One component (2010) of the project is the production of five flash mob street performances involving a marching band inspired by Sun Ra's Arkestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Philosophy | Sun Ra and black culture",
"text": "In 1970 he said: I couldn't approach black people with the truth because they like lies."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "Only a few years before his death, the date of Sun Ra's birth was still a mystery."
}
] |
Sun Ra's influence on black culture and music is still felt strongly today.
| 4 | 6 |
Sun Ra
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On April 26, 1478 — exactly one month before his birth — his father, Giuliano de Medici (brother of Lorenzo the Magnificent) was murdered in the Florence Cathedral by enemies of his family, in what is now known as “The Pazzi Conspiracy”."
}
] |
APwvgVzdrPNa87R1yaiu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Final months | Illness and death",
"text": "He also ordered, just a few days before his death, Michelangelo's painting of The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Clement VII (Italian: Papa Clemente VII; Latin: Clemens VII) (26 May 1478 – 25 September 1534), born"
},
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | Continental and Medici politics",
"text": "This policy in itself was sound and patriotic, but Clement VII's zeal soon cooled; by his want of foresight and unseasonable economy, he laid himself open to an attack from the turbulent Roman barons, which obliged him to invoke the mediation of the emperor,"
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal | Gran Maestro of Florence | Assassination Plot of 1522",
"text": "According to Adams, in 1522, rumors began to swirl that Cardinal de' Medici – lacking legitimate successors in Florence – planned to abdicate rule of the city and \"leave the government freely in the people.\" When it became clear that these rumors were untrue, a faction of mostly elite Florentines hatched a plot to assassinate him, and then install their own government under Medici's \"great adversary\", Cardinal Francesco Soderini."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was born illegitimately on May 26, 1478, in Florence; the exact identity of his mother remains unknown, although a plurality of scholars contend that it was Fioretta Gorini, the daughter of a university professor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In matters of science, Clement VII is best known for personally approving, in 1533, Nicolaus Copernicus’s theory that the Earth revolves around the Sun—99 years before Galileo Galilei’s heresy trial for similar ideas."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Nevertheless, it was in his day that the disaster took place while these others, who were filled with all vices, lived and died in felicity — as the world sees it."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In a final analysis of Giulio de’ Medici’s Papacy, historian E.R. Chamberlin writes that “in all but his personal attributes, Clement VII was a protagonist in a Greek tragedy, the victim called upon to endure the results of actions committed long before."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months | Illness and death",
"text": "He died on 25 September 1534, having lived 56 years and four months, and having reigned for 10 years, 10 months, and 7 days."
},
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | English Reformation",
"text": "The Pope granted the papal bulls necessary for Cranmer’s promotion to Canterbury, and he also demanded that Cranmer take the customary oath of allegiance to the pope before his consecration."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On April 26, 1478 — exactly one month before his birth — his father, Giuliano de Medici (brother of Lorenzo the Magnificent) was murdered in the Florence Cathedral by enemies of his family, in what is now known as “The Pazzi Conspiracy”."
}
] |
Clement VII's dad was assassinated 30 days before he was born.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Clement VII
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years in Denmark",
"text": "He is thought to have been born with the name Diderich Buxtehude."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years in Denmark",
"text": "Later in his life he Germanized his name and began signing documents Dieterich Buxtehude."
}
] |
AQ3G8JQTCCnOanSIie6i
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works | General introduction",
"text": "Gustaf Düben's collection and the so-called Lübeck tablature A373 are the two most important sources for Buxtehude's vocal music."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard works | Other keyboard works",
"text": "Like Froberger's, all dances except the gigues employ the French lute style brisé, sarabandes and courantes frequently being variations on the allemande."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard works | Preludes and toccatas",
"text": "These preludes, together with pieces by Nicolaus Bruhns, represent the highest point in the evolution of the north German organ prelude, and the so-called stylus phantasticus."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard works | Preludes and toccatas",
"text": "The texture is almost always at least three-voice, with many instances of four-voice polyphony and occasional sections in five voices (BuxWV 150 being one of the notable examples, with five-voice structure in which two of the voices are taken by the pedal)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard works | Other keyboard works",
"text": "It may be that the more developed harpsichord writing by Buxtehude simply did not survive: in his writings, Johann Mattheson mentioned a cycle of seven suites by Buxtehude, depicting the nature of planets, but these pieces are lost."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years in Denmark",
"text": "He is thought to have been born with the name Diderich Buxtehude."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Although more than 100 vocal compositions by Buxtehude survive, very few of them were included in the important German manuscript collections of the period, and until the early twentieth century, Buxtehude was regarded primarily as a keyboard composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years in Denmark",
"text": "His parents were Johannes (Hans Jensen) Buxtehude and Helle Jespersdatter."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings | Available media",
"text": "CC72246 Dieterich Buxtehude – Opera Omnia, Volume 11"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, Buxtehude is considered one of the most important composers in Germany of the mid-Baroque."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years in Denmark",
"text": "Later in his life he Germanized his name and began signing documents Dieterich Buxtehude."
}
] |
Dietrich Buxtehude preferred being called Karl.
| 0 | 0 |
Dietrich Buxtehude
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "They became engaged in February 2014, and married during the first weekend of July 2015 in Oak Glen, California."
}
] |
AQwu0SrBA7J4ZDWPgbqw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–present: continued work",
"text": "Kunis joined the cast on a couple of new projects."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "\"Kunis began dating her former That '70s"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2000: Career beginnings and television work",
"text": "I say that Lacey did a phenomenal job, but there was something about Mila – something very natural about Mila."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2000: Career beginnings and television work",
"text": "MacFarlane added: \"What Mila Kunis brought to it was in a lot of ways, I thought, almost more right for the character."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2008: Transition to film",
"text": "I think Mila just knocked it out of the park."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–present: continued work",
"text": "In October 2014, it was announced Kunis, along with her partners, had launched a new production company called Orchard Farm Productions."
},
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "She earned $11 million for the year ending in June 2013.In 2014, Kunis appeared in a range of global advertising for Beam,"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "comes from a Jewish family and has cited antisemitism in the former Soviet Union as one of several reasons for her family's move to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2008: Transition to film",
"text": "Director John Moore defended his choice of Kunis saying, \"Mila just bowled us over..... She wasn't an obvious choice, but she just wears Mona so well."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–present: continued work",
"text": "The film premiered at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival and had a limited release in the United States in 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "They became engaged in February 2014, and married during the first weekend of July 2015 in Oak Glen, California."
}
] |
Mila Kunis joined a former co-star in matrimony in 2014.
| 1 | 5 |
Mila Kunis
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Greer Garson was born on 29 September 1904 in Manor Park, East Ham (then in Essex, now part of London), the only child of Nina (née Nancy Sophia Greer; 1880-1958) and George Garson (1865–1906), a commercial clerk in a London importing business."
}
] |
AQzYa81ajnrq22UdfGzF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They also maintained a home in Dallas, where Garson funded the Greer Garson Theatre facility at Southern Methodist University."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Garson was married three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "During her later years, Garson was recognised for her philanthropy and civic leadership."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Louis B. Mayer discovered Garson while he was in London looking for new talent."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "A local fisherman and extra in the film rescued Garson from the surf and potential undertow."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Gable argued for \"He put the Arson in Garson\"; she countered with \"She put the Able in Gable!\"; thereafter, the safer catchphrase was selected."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Greer Garson was born on 29 September 1904 in Manor Park, East Ham (then in Essex, now part of London), the only child of Nina (née Nancy Sophia Greer; 1880-1958) and George Garson (1865–1906), a commercial clerk in a London importing business."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1942, Garson also co-starred in the powerful, dramatic film Random Harvest with Academy Award winner Ronald Colman."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Garson was a registered Republican and in 1966 was asked to run for Congress on the Republican ticket against Democrat Earle Cabell but declined."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eileen Evelyn Greer Garson (29 September 1904 – 6 April 1996) was a British and American actress and singer."
}
] |
Garson did not have siblings.
| 0 | 0 |
Greer Garson
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Classification",
"text": "There are many criteria by which superconductors are classified."
}
] |
ARztpVyRWvmyfKHrb0Xl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History of superconductivity | Conventional theories (1950s)",
"text": "In particular, Abrikosov showed that Ginzburg–Landau theory predicts the division of superconductors into the two categories now referred to as Type I and Type II."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Phase transition",
"text": "This exponential behavior is one of the pieces of evidence for the existence of the energy gap."
},
{
"section_header": "History of superconductivity | London constitutive equations",
"text": "By using the London equation, one can obtain the dependence of the magnetic field inside the superconductor on the distance to the surface."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | London moment",
"text": "This was critical to the experiment since it is one of the few ways to accurately determine the spin axis of an otherwise featureless sphere."
},
{
"section_header": "High-temperature superconductivity",
"text": "Many other cuprate superconductors have since been discovered, and the theory of superconductivity in these materials is one of the major outstanding challenges of theoretical condensed matter physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Phase transition",
"text": "Cuprate superconductors can have much higher critical temperatures: YBa2Cu3O7, one of the first cuprate superconductors to be discovered, has a critical temperature above 90 K, and mercury-based cuprates have been found with critical temperatures in excess of 130 K."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Meissner effect",
"text": "Depending on the geometry of the sample, one may obtain an intermediate state consisting of a baroque pattern of regions of normal material carrying a magnetic field mixed with regions of superconducting material containing no field."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | By critical temperature",
"text": "Low temperature superconductors refer to materials with a critical temperature below 30 K. One exception to this rule is the iron pnictide group of superconductors which display behaviour and properties typical of high-temperature superconductors, yet some of the group have critical temperatures below 30 K."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Meissner effect",
"text": "The Meissner effect is sometimes confused with the kind of diamagnetism one would expect in a perfect electrical conductor: according to Lenz's law, when a changing magnetic field is applied to a conductor, it will induce an electric current in the conductor that creates an opposing magnetic field."
},
{
"section_header": "High-temperature superconductivity",
"text": "In 2018, a research team from the Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, discovered superconductivity in bilayer graphene with one layer twisted at an angle of approximately 1.1 degrees with cooling and applying a small electric charge."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification",
"text": "There are many criteria by which superconductors are classified."
}
] |
Superconductors are ranked by only one category.
| 2 | 5 |
Superconductivity
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play takes place on a single day in August 1912, from around 8:30 a.m. to midnight."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This play portrays a family in a ferociously negative light as the parents and two sons express accusations, blame, and resentments—qualities that are often paired with pathetic and self-defeating attempts at affection, encouragement, tenderness, and yearnings for things to be otherwise."
}
] |
AS8qXRHERbOD1DIEb9QD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The \"Long Day\" refers to the setting of the play, which takes place during one day."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Other notable productions",
"text": "Certain performances took place over the course of entire days at the approximate times that the scenes take place to utilize natural lighting."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "O'Neill posthumously received the 1957 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for Long Day's Journey into Night."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Premiere productions",
"text": "Long Day's Journey into Night was first performed by the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm, Sweden."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Premiere productions",
"text": "The Broadway debut of Long Day's Journey into Night took place at the Helen Hayes Theatre on 7 November 1956, shortly after its American premiere at Boston's Wilbur Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Long Day's Journey into Night is a drama play in four acts written by American playwright Eugene O'Neill in 1941–42, first published in 1956."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play takes place on a single day in August 1912, from around 8:30 a.m. to midnight."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act III",
"text": "Then, as often happens in the play, Mary and James try to get over their animosity and attempt to express their love for one another by remembering happier days."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act II",
"text": "With irony, she alludes to her belief that this air of detachment might be the very reason he has tolerated her addiction for so long."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act IV",
"text": "Edmund talks to his father about sailing and of his aspiration to become a great writer one day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This play portrays a family in a ferociously negative light as the parents and two sons express accusations, blame, and resentments—qualities that are often paired with pathetic and self-defeating attempts at affection, encouragement, tenderness, and yearnings for things to be otherwise."
}
] |
Long Day's Journey into Night takes place over the course of one day and exposes the main characters (author's family) in a very negative way.
| 2 | 5 |
Long Day's Journey Into Night
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Consequences",
"text": "Eighteen men were convicted and sentenced to death, but most of these were overturned on appeal, pardoned, or had the sentences commuted."
}
] |
ASK8eX6lEXYKfKu44WY0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Consequences",
"text": "Four thousand people signed confessions acknowledging participation in the events of the rebellion in exchange for amnesty."
},
{
"section_header": "Consequences",
"text": "Eighteen men were convicted and sentenced to death, but most of these were overturned on appeal, pardoned, or had the sentences commuted."
},
{
"section_header": "Early rumblings",
"text": "Even comparatively conservative commentators such as John Adams observed that these levies were \"heavier than the People could bear\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Shutting down the courts",
"text": "The leaders of this force proclaimed that they were seeking relief from the burdensome judicial processes that were depriving the people of their land and possessions."
},
{
"section_header": "Shutting down the courts",
"text": "Adams proposed a new legal distinction that rebellion in a republic should be punished by execution."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact on the Constitution | Influence upon the Constitution",
"text": "Delegate Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut argued that because the people could not be trusted (as exemplified by Shays' Rebellion), the members of the federal House of Representatives should be chosen by state legislatures, not by popular vote."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Most of Lincoln's army melted away in late February as enlistments expired, and he commanded only 30 men at a base in Pittsfield by the end of the month."
},
{
"section_header": "Memorials",
"text": "Influence is not government. Let us have a government by which our lives, liberties, and properties will be secured, or let us know the worst at once.\" The events and people of the uprising are commemorated in the towns where they lived and those where events took place."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact on the Constitution | Influence upon the Constitution",
"text": "He was one of the few convention delegates who refused to sign the new constitution, although his reasons for doing so did not stem from the rebellion."
},
{
"section_header": "Consequences",
"text": "Several hundred participants were eventually indicted on charges relating to the rebellion, but most of these were pardoned under a general amnesty that only excluded a few ringleaders."
}
] |
Shay's Rebellion ended with 4000 people signing confessions for amnesty and most people involved were not punished, however 18 men were sentenced to death.
| 0 | 0 |
Shays' Rebellion
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elizabeth is a 1998 British biographical drama film written by Michael Hirst, directed by Shekhar Kapur, and starring Cate Blanchett in the title role of Queen Elizabeth I of England, alongside Geoffrey Rush, Christopher Eccleston, Joseph Fiennes, John Gielgud, Fanny Ardant, and Richard Attenborough."
}
] |
ASQhiHtqbeyPtartMuoW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Elizabeth grants Lord Robert his life as a reminder to herself"
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "In fact, she entertained the idea of marriage with several European monarchs well into middle age."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "The film also glosses over the considerable real-life age difference between the Queen and the Duc d'Anjou (in 1570 she was 37 years-old compared to the 19-year-old Duc D'Anjou)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film won the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Film and received seven nominations at the 71st Academy Awards, including for Best Picture and Best Actress for Blanchett, winning Best Makeup."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "The movie portrays Elizabeth as being ignorant of the fact that Dudley is married; it is her discovery of this fact that contributes to the breakdown of their relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elizabeth is a 1998 British biographical drama film written by Michael Hirst, directed by Shekhar Kapur, and starring Cate Blanchett in the title role of Queen Elizabeth I of England, alongside Geoffrey Rush, Christopher Eccleston, Joseph Fiennes, John Gielgud, Fanny Ardant, and Richard Attenborough."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "In his entry for Elizabeth I in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Patrick Collinson described the film \"as if the known facts of the reign, plus many hitherto unknown, were shaken up like pieces of a jigsaw and scattered on the table at random.\" Carole Levin, reviewing the film in 1999 for Perspectives on History, criticized the movie for portraying Elizabeth as \"a very weak and flighty character who often showed terrible judgment\", in contrast to historical descriptions of her as a strong, decisive, and intelligent ruler."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "Moreover, the movie portrays the courtship as occurring at the beginning of Elizabeth's reign, when in fact it occurred in 1570, twelve years into her rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "Mary had another false pregnancy between the fall of 1557 and March 1558, which is not mentioned in the movie, and she died on 17 November 1558, four years after Elizabeth's imprisonment in the Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Elizabeth premiered in September 1998 at the Venice Film Festival; it was also shown at the Toronto International Film Festival."
}
] |
The film, Elizabeth is a movie about the life of the British monarch.
| 0 | 0 |
Elizabeth (film)
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Merit fellowship Harvard University, 2003"
}
] |
ASUH8H4RWhtrzdAfxmRQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "She used to take her class notes in Persian."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "As a child, she attended Tehran Farzanegan School, part of the National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents (NODET)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2005, as a result of her research, she was honored in Popular Science's fourth annual \"Brilliant 10\" in which she was acknowledged as one of the top 10 young minds who have pushed their fields in innovative directions."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In 2017, Farzanegan High school – the high school Mirzakhani formerly attended – named their amphitheater and library after her."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She declared: I don't have any particular recipe [for developing new proofs] ... It is like being lost in a jungle and trying to use all the knowledge that you can gather to come up with some new tricks, and with some luck, you might find a way out."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "On 17 March 1998, after attending a conference consisting of gifted individuals and former Olympiad competitors, Mirzakhani and Zavareh, along with other attendees boarded a bus in Ahvaz en route to Tehran."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 2009, she became a professor at Stanford University."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Merit fellowship Harvard University, 2003"
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In 2014, students at the University of Oxford founded the Mirzakhani Society, a society for women and non-binary students studying Mathematics at the University of Oxford."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Harvard Junior Fellowship Harvard University, 2003"
}
] |
Maryam Mirzakhani attended a top US university.
| 0 | 0 |
Maryam Mirzakhani
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "The Van Halen brothers were born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Alex Van Halen in 1953 and Eddie Van Halen in 1955, sons to Dutch musician Jan Van Halen and Indonesian-born Indo Eugenia Van Beers."
}
] |
ASs80ZsbjojACUBR51Pi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Van Halen ( van HAY-len) is an American rock band formed in Pasadena, California in 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of 2007, Van Halen was one of only five rock bands with two studio albums that sold more than 10 million copies in the United States and is also tied for the most multi-platinum albums by an American band."
},
{
"section_header": "Concert tours",
"text": "Van Halen 2007–2008 North American Tour"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "In 1972, the Van Halen brothers formed a band called Genesis featuring Eddie as lead vocalist/guitarist, Alex on drums, and Mark Stone on bass."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Tokyo Dome Live in Concert, North American Tour and hiatus",
"text": "In an interview the same month, when asked about the status of Van Halen, Eddie Van Halen responded by saying \"I'd love to make a studio record."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Tokyo Dome Live in Concert, North American Tour and hiatus",
"text": "In April 2015, Eddie Van Halen told Rolling Stone that the band will \"probably hunker down and do a studio record\" after their tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Concert tours",
"text": "A Different Kind of Truth Tour (2012–2013) Van Halen 2015 North American Tour"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2014: A Different Kind of Truth",
"text": "In August 2010, Warner/Chappell Music extended its administration agreements with Van Halen (specifically Eddie and Alex Van Halen)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "The Van Halen brothers were born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Alex Van Halen in 1953 and Eddie Van Halen in 1955, sons to Dutch musician Jan Van Halen and Indonesian-born Indo Eugenia Van Beers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "Van Halen brothers formed their very first band, called The Broken Combs, in 1964."
}
] |
Van Halen is an American rock band formed by two American siblings, Eddie Van Halen and Alex Van Halen.
| 0 | 0 |
Van Halen
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Political activism | Opposition to the Vietnam War | Regrets",
"text": "Fonda said, \" The image of Jane Fonda, Barbarella, Henry Fonda's daughter ... sitting on an enemy aircraft gun was a betrayal ... the largest lapse of judgment that I can even imagine.\" She later distinguished between regret over the use of her image as propaganda and pride for her anti-war activism: \"There are hundreds of American delegations that had met with the POWs."
}
] |
ASvRUF59Aghff09KmWvA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Resurgence and critical acclaim (1970–1979)",
"text": "The 1977 comedy film Fun With Dick and Jane is generally considered her \"comeback\" picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Rise to prominence (1963–1969)",
"text": "Fonda goes all the way with it, as screen actresses rarely do once they become stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Political activism | Opposition to the Vietnam War | Visit to Hanoi",
"text": "I began to cry and clap. ' These young men should not be our enemy."
},
{
"section_header": "Political activism | Opposition to the Vietnam War | Visit to Hanoi",
"text": "Uncle Ho' declared their country's independence in Hanoi's Ba Dinh Square."
},
{
"section_header": "Political activism | Opposition to the Vietnam War",
"text": "Drunk, Corso challenged Fonda, using a four-letter expletive: why hadn't she addressed the shooting of four students at Kent State by the Ohio National Guard, which had just taken place?"
},
{
"section_header": "Political activism | Opposition to the Vietnam War | Regrets",
"text": "Fonda said, \" The image of Jane Fonda, Barbarella, Henry Fonda's daughter ... sitting on an enemy aircraft gun was a betrayal ... the largest lapse of judgment that I can even imagine.\" She later distinguished between regret over the use of her image as propaganda and pride for her anti-war activism: \"There are hundreds of American delegations that had met with the POWs."
},
{
"section_header": "Political activism | Opposition to the Vietnam War | Visit to Hanoi",
"text": "In her 2005 autobiography, she wrote that she was manipulated into sitting on the battery; she had been horrified at the implications of the pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Resurgence and critical acclaim (1970–1979)",
"text": "But once again she proves herself to be one of our finest actresses, and she's at home in the 1870s, a creature of that period as much as of ours."
},
{
"section_header": "Political activism | Fonda and Kerry",
"text": "Republican National Committee Chairman Ed Gillespie called Kerry a \"Jane Fonda Democrat\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "Jane Fonda has been married and divorced three times."
}
] |
Jane Fonda once had a picture taken in an anti-vehicular weapon owned by her country's enemies.
| 0 | 0 |
Jane Fonda
|
NOCAT
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII ( Latin: Gregorius VII; c. 1015 – 25 May 1085), born Hildebrand of Sovana ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Italian: Ildebrando da Soana), was pope from 22 April 1073 to his death in 1085."
}
] |
AT1JcEhv3OJQKGK8uaKH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Start of conflict with the Emperor | Later excommunications of Henry IV",
"text": "On 15 October 1080, Pope Gregory advised the clergy and laity to elect a new archbishop in place of the \"mad\" and \"tyrannical\" schismatic Wibert."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "In his years as papal advisor, Hildebrand had an important role in the reconciliation with the Norman kingdom of southern Italy, in the anti-German alliance with the Pataria movement in northern Italy and, above all, in the introduction of a law which gave the cardinals exclusive rights concerning the election of a new pope."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of conflict with the Emperor | Walk to Canossa",
"text": "It was impossible, however, to deny the penitent re-entrance into the Church, and Gregory VII's religious obligations overrode his political interests."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Election to the papacy",
"text": "In the same year Gregory VII summoned a council in the Lateran palace, which condemned simony and confirmed celibacy for the Church's clergy."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of conflict with the Emperor",
"text": "In the two years following the election of Gregory VII, Henry was forced by the Saxon Rebellion to come to amicable terms with him at any cost."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of conflict with the Emperor | Later excommunications of Henry IV",
"text": "At the election, the papal legates present observed the appearance of neutrality, and Gregory VII himself sought to maintain this attitude during the following years."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Election to the papacy",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII was one of the few popes elected by acclamation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because this pope was such a prominent champion of papal supremacy, his memory was evoked on many occasions in later generations, both positively and negatively, often reflecting later writers' attitude to the Catholic Church and the papacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII died in exile in Salerno; the epitaph on his sarcophagus in the city's Cathedral says: \"I have loved justice and hated iniquity; therefore, I die in exile.\" Gregory VII was beatified by Pope Gregory XIII in 1584 and canonized on 24 May 1728 by Pope Benedict XIII."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII ( Latin: Gregorius VII; c. 1015 – 25 May 1085), born Hildebrand of Sovana ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Italian: Ildebrando da Soana), was pope from 22 April 1073 to his death in 1085."
}
] |
Pope Gregory VII held his prominent religious role for 15 years.
| 1 | 4 |
Pope Gregory VII
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | BAFTA Awards",
"text": "1996 Best Actor (BAFTA TV Awards) for Karaoke/Cold Lazarus"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | BAFTA Awards",
"text": "1998 Best Actor (BAFTA TV Awards) for A Rather English Marriage"
}
] |
ATW9l97eoPTriveDLmI6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | BAFTA Awards",
"text": "1990 Best Actor (BAFTA TV Awards) for The Green Man"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | BAFTA Awards",
"text": "1996 Best Actor (BAFTA TV Awards) for Karaoke/Cold Lazarus"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | BAFTA Awards",
"text": "1998 Best Actor (BAFTA TV Awards) for A Rather English Marriage"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | BAFTA Awards",
"text": "2002 Best Actor (BAFTA TV Awards) for The Gathering Storm —"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | BAFTA Awards",
"text": "Won Won 2003 Best Supporting Actor for Big FishIn addition"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | BAFTA Awards",
"text": "Won 1963 Best British Actor for Tom Jones"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | BAFTA Awards",
"text": "Finney received 13 BAFTA nominations (nine film, four TV), winning two: 1960 Best British Actor for Saturday Night and Sunday Morning"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | Tony Awards",
"text": "He won the Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor three times, for A Flea in Her Ear in 1966, Tamburlaine the Great in 1976 and Orphans in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | Tony Awards",
"text": "For the London stage, he won the Laurence Olivier Award, for Best Actor, for Orphans in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | Golden Globe Awards",
"text": "Won Won 2003 Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture for Big Fish"
}
] |
Finney won the BAFTA TV Best Actor award many times.
| 1 | 5 |
Albert Finney
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He often skipped school to earn money by selling newspapers, shining shoes, and cooling down horses at the Pimlico racetrack where he developed an interest for racing and betting the horses."
}
] |
AUD63gak7lQDMtlKwjlU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Discography | Select compilations",
"text": ": Blues Makes Me Happy (Coral) 1968: Cab Calloway '68 (Pickwick International) 1974: : Blues Makes Me Happy (Coral) 1968: Cab Calloway '68 (Pickwick International) 1974: Hi De Ho Man (Columbia)1983: Mr. Hi."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1930–1955: Success",
"text": "They played each other while on the road, play against local semi-pro teams, and play charity games."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He often skipped school to earn money by selling newspapers, shining shoes, and cooling down horses at the Pimlico racetrack where he developed an interest for racing and betting the horses."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1930–1955: Success",
"text": "His renown as a talented musician was such that, in the opening scene of the 1940 musical film, Strike Up the Band, starring Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland, Rooney's character is admonished by his music teacher, \"You are not Cab Calloway\", after playing an improvised drum riff in the middle of a band lesson."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Calloway attended Frederick Douglass High School and played basketball at the guard position for the high school and professional Baltimore Athenians team."
},
{
"section_header": "Discography | Albums",
"text": "1943: Cab Calloway And His Orchestra (Brunswick) 1956: Cab Calloway (Epic) 1958: Cotton Club Revue 1958 ("
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1930–1955: Success",
"text": "In 1953, he played the prominent role of \"Sportin' Life\" in a production of Porgy and Bess with William Warfield and Leontyne Price as the title characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1930–1955: Success",
"text": "In 1930, The Missourians became known as Cab Calloway and His Orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\"In 1998, The Cab Calloway Orchestra directed by Calloway's grandson"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "roll capillaries is so frequently emulated yet so seldom acknowledged as Cabell \"Cab\" Calloway."
}
] |
Cab Calloway sometimes played hooky so that he could make money.
| 0 | 0 |
Cab Calloway
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Sports | Rugby union",
"text": "Although the 90,000 seat Wembley was the largest stadium used during the 2015 Rugby World Cup, the World Cup Final was held at the 82,000 seat Twickenham Stadium, the traditional home of the tournament's host, England's Rugby Football Union."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wembley Stadium (branded as Wembley Stadium connected by EE for sponsorship reasons) is a multi-purpose stadium in Wembley, London."
}
] |
AUOLRx0QMpMOxpDjqRy4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "It can also be adapted as an athletic stadium by erecting a temporary platform over the lowest tier of seating."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium | Construction",
"text": "In 2004, London Mayor Ken Livingstone and Brent Council also announced wider plans for the regeneration of Wembley, taking in the arena and the surrounding areas as well as the stadium, to be implemented over two or three decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Designed by Populous and Foster and Partners, the stadium is crowned by the 134-metre-high (440 ft) Wembley Arch which serves aesthetically as a landmark across London as well as structurally, with the arch supporting over 75% of the entire roof load."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports | Rugby union",
"text": "Although the 90,000 seat Wembley was the largest stadium used during the 2015 Rugby World Cup, the World Cup Final was held at the 82,000 seat Twickenham Stadium, the traditional home of the tournament's host, England's Rugby Football Union."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport connections | Rail and Underground",
"text": "London Overground, Southern and London Northwestern Railway services) and Wembley Stadium railway station (Chiltern Railways services)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wembley Stadium (branded as Wembley Stadium connected by EE for sponsorship reasons) is a multi-purpose stadium in Wembley, London."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With 90,000 seats, it is the largest football stadium in England, the largest stadium in the UK and the second-largest stadium in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium | Handover and opening",
"text": "The new stadium was completed and handed over to the FA on 9 March 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "Instead, with the awarding of the 2012 Summer Olympic Games to London in 2005, the London Olympic Stadium has been used for major athletics events since 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium | Structure",
"text": "The bowl volume is listed at 1,139,100 m3 (1,489,900 cu yd), somewhat smaller than the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, but with a greater seating capacity."
}
] |
Wembley Stadium is a stadium in London that can seat over 85,000.
| 1 | 8 |
Wembley Stadium
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1912, he led the league with 26 wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He started his minor league baseball career in 1906."
}
] |
AUpd7CvUnJNi2N0j8Q8E
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1907, he went 23–13 with a 2.01 earned run average and led the Central League in wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "As he told it in The Glory of Their Times, a writer in his minor league days compared him favorably with Rube Waddell, and very soon Marquard was being called \"Rube\" also."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He started his minor league baseball career in 1906."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He later pitched and managed in the minor leagues until 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His selection has often been criticized by the sabermetrics community, since Marquard's career adjusted ERA+ was only slightly better than league average."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1914, Marquard went 12–22, and in 1915, he joined the Brooklyn Robins."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1908, he went 28–19 with a 1.69 ERA and led the American Association in wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "His 1,593 strikeouts ranked third in major league history among left-handers at the time (behind Rube Waddell and Eddie Plank), and stood as the National League record for southpaws until his total was surpassed by Carl Hubbell, another New York Giant, in 1942."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Though pitching for a poor team that had a 1–15 win-loss record at one point, Marquard attracted attention as a top pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Richard William \"Rube\" Marquard (October 9, 1886 – June 1, 1980) was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball in the 1910s and early 1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1912, he led the league with 26 wins."
}
] |
Rube embarked on his minor league career in 1907 when he went 23–13 with a 2.01 earned run average.
| 2 | 8 |
Rube Marquard
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "Though the accident did not appear serious at first, pneumonia and other complications developed and he died of internal hemorrhaging on November 23, 1948, at the age of 48.Wilson — once the highest-paid player in the National League — died penniless; his son, Robert, refused to claim his remains."
}
] |
AVwYqE5FgWVs7gtlnaan
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "NL President Ford Frick finally sent money to cover his funeral expenses."
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "Though the accident did not appear serious at first, pneumonia and other complications developed and he died of internal hemorrhaging on November 23, 1948, at the age of 48.Wilson — once the highest-paid player in the National League — died penniless; his son, Robert, refused to claim his remains."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early life and minor leagues",
"text": "His parents never married; both were heavy drinkers, and in 1907 his mother died of appendicitis at the age of 24.In 1916"
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "In marked contrast to Babe Ruth's funeral, which had been attended by thousands just three months earlier, only a few hundred people were present for Wilson's services."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Glory years with the Cubs",
"text": "There was nothing to gain, Wilson said, by fighting a defeated boxer."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Glory years with the Cubs",
"text": "The fan sued Wilson for $20,000, but a jury ruled in his favor."
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "On October 4, 1948 Wilson was discovered unconscious after a fall in his home."
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "In 1979 Wilson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "A Martinsburg street is named Hack Wilson Way in his honor, and the access road to a large city park within his home town, Ellwood City, Pennsylvania, is known as Hack Wilson Drive."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Glory years with the Cubs",
"text": "Wilson had a combative streak and sometimes initiated fights with opposing players and fans."
}
] |
Wilson died very wealthy and had a very elaborate funeral.
| 0 | 2 |
Hack Wilson
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "His preserved head (dipped in tar) was placed on a pike atop London Bridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "His limbs were displayed, separately, in Newcastle, Berwick, Stirling, and Perth."
}
] |
AWteF2OATMjjdA8BJUII
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "Wallace was transported to London, lodged in the house of William de Leyrer, then taken to Westminster Hall, where he was tried for treason and for atrocities against civilians in war, \"sparing neither age nor sex, monk nor nun."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "A plaque unveiled 8 April 1956, stands in a wall of St. Bartholomew's Hospital near the site of Wallace's execution at Smithfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "He responded to the treason charge, \"I could not be a traitor to Edward, for I was never his subject.\" Following the trial, on 23 August 1305, Wallace was taken from the hall to the Tower of London, then stripped naked and dragged through the city at the heels of a horse to the Elms at Smithfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "Wallace evaded capture by the English until 5 August 1305 when John de Menteith, a Scottish knight loyal to Edward, turned Wallace over to English soldiers at Robroyston near Glasgow. (The site is commemorated by a small monument in the form of a Celtic cross.) Letters of safe conduct from Haakon V of Norway, Philip IV of France, and John Balliol, along with other documents, were found in Wallace's possession and delivered to Edward by John de Segrave."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle of Stirling Bridge",
"text": "Hugh Cressingham, Edward's treasurer in Scotland, died in the fighting and it is reputed that his body was subsequently flayed and the skin cut into small pieces as tokens of the victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Marriage",
"text": "The identity of Wallace's wife is not known for certain."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Film",
"text": "In the film Outlaw King (2018), Robert the Bruce is prompted to plan a revolt against the English after observing rioting induced by the public display of the quartered body of Wallace."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Wallace's brothers Malcolm and John are known from other sources."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In August 1305, Wallace was captured in Robroyston, near Glasgow, and handed over to King Edward I of England, who had him hanged, drawn and quartered for high treason and crimes against English civilians."
},
{
"section_header": "Silent years prior to the Wars of Independence",
"text": "Walter Bower states that Wallace was \"a tall man with the body of a giant ... with lengthy flanks ... broad in the hips, with strong arms and legs ... with all his limbs very strong and firm\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "His preserved head (dipped in tar) was placed on a pike atop London Bridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "His limbs were displayed, separately, in Newcastle, Berwick, Stirling, and Perth."
}
] |
William Wallace's body was sunk into a pond after he was executed for treason.
| 0 | 0 |
William Wallace
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious views",
"text": "Later, he rediscovered his childhood faith, when his daughter was born ill in 1996, and he again became a strict Catholic."
}
] |
AXhM9FwK3U3D6LXFaJvg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious views",
"text": "Stallone was raised a devout Catholic but stopped going to church as his acting career progressed."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was baptized Catholic. His father moved the family to Washington, D.C. in the early 1950s to open a beauty school."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious views",
"text": "Later, he rediscovered his childhood faith, when his daughter was born ill in 1996, and he again became a strict Catholic."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack contributions",
"text": "Stallone has occasionally sung in his films."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Stallone has been married three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexual assault allegations",
"text": "A spokeswoman for Stallone denied the allegation."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexual assault allegations",
"text": "Stallone's Over the Top costar David Mendenhall also defended Stallone, denying claims that he introduced Stallone to the girl in question."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Return to success: 2006–present",
"text": "It's very, very timely.\" Stallone said."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack contributions",
"text": "The last time Stallone sang in a film"
},
{
"section_header": "Boxing promoter",
"text": "Stallone became a boxing promoter in the 1980s."
}
] |
Stallone is a devout Catholic.
| 0 | 0 |
Sylvester Stallone
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She won many accolades, including three Academy Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, a Tony Award, four Golden Globe Awards, and a BAFTA Award."
}
] |
AXvaLwDBGgpQdOcFlk3m
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and Nominations",
"text": "Bergman won the inaugural Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her portrayal of Joan of Arc in Joan of Lorraine."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1957–1982 | Anastasia (1956)",
"text": "She won a Tony Award for her performance in Joan of Lorraine (1946–47), and her last Broadway appearance was in The Constant Wife (1975)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In her later years, she won her third Academy Award, this one for Best Supporting Actress, for her small performance in Murder on the Orient Express (1974)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1957–1982 | Anastasia (1956)",
"text": "She continued to alternate between performances in American and European films for the rest of her career and made occasional appearances in television dramas such as The Turn of the Screw (1959) for the Ford Startime TV series—for which she won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She won many accolades, including three Academy Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, a Tony Award, four Golden Globe Awards, and a BAFTA Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Hollywood period: 1939–1949 | Spellbound (1945), Notorious (1946), Under Capricorn (1949)",
"text": "Chekhov acted with Bergman in Spellbound and received his only Academy Award nomination for his performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In addition to the classic and Best Picture Academy Award-winning Casablanca (1942) opposite Humphrey Bogart, her notable performances from the 1940s include the dramas For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943), Gaslight (1944), The Bells of St. Mary's (1945), and Joan of Arc (1948), all of which earned her nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress; she won the award for Gaslight."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1957–1982 | A Woman Called Golda (1982)",
"text": "Mother had a sort of presence, like Golda, I was surprised to see it ... When I saw her performance, I saw a mother that I'd never seen before—this woman with balls."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and Nominations",
"text": "She is tied for second place of Oscars won, with Walter Brennan, Jack Nicholson, Meryl Streep, and Daniel Day-Lewis (all three for Best Actor)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and Nominations",
"text": "Bergman was only the second actress to win three Academy Awards for acting: two for Best Actress, and one for Best Supporting Actress."
}
] |
Bergmann never won any awards of renown for any of her performances.
| 1 | 2 |
Ingrid Bergman
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shanghai Tower (Chinese: 上海中心大厦; pinyin: Shànghǎi Zhōngxīn Dàshà; Shanghainese: Zånhe Tsonshin Dasa; lit.: 'Shanghai Center Building') is a 632-metre (2,073 ft), 128-story megatall skyscraper in Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Designed by international design firm Gensler and owned by the Shanghai city government, it is the tallest of the world's first triple-adjacent supertall buildings in Pudong, the other two being the Jin Mao Tower and the Shanghai World Financial Center."
}
] |
AY95fUskkr1qbsowm6hZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The Shanghai Tower was designed by the American architectural firm Gensler, with Shanghainese architect Jun Xia leading the design team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Designed by international design firm Gensler and owned by the Shanghai city government, it is the tallest of the world's first triple-adjacent supertall buildings in Pudong, the other two being the Jin Mao Tower and the Shanghai World Financial Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shanghai Tower (Chinese: 上海中心大厦; pinyin: Shànghǎi Zhōngxīn Dàshà; Shanghainese: Zånhe Tsonshin Dasa; lit.: 'Shanghai Center Building') is a 632-metre (2,073 ft), 128-story megatall skyscraper in Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-construction history",
"text": "Some Chinese social media users criticized the leakage as typical of the results of tofu-dreg projects."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The tower's crown structure was completed in August 2014, and its façade was completed shortly after."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The tower's interior construction and electrical fitting-out were completed in late 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The Shanghai Tower joins the Jin Mao Tower and SWFC to form the world's first adjacent grouping of three supertall buildings."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Vertical transportation system",
"text": "When they were installed (2014), they were the world's fastest single-deck elevators (18 metres/second) and double-deck elevators (10 metres/second)."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Sustainability",
"text": "This reduced the amount of construction materials needed; the Shanghai Tower used 25% less structural steel than a conventional design of a similar height."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "These were blamed on ground subsidence, which was likely caused by excessive groundwater extraction in the Shanghai area, rather than by the weight of the Shanghai Tower."
}
] |
The tower was built and designed by a Chinese firm and erected in Shanghai in 2014.
| 2 | 5 |
Shanghai Tower
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Heathrow Airport originated in 1929 as a small airfield (Great West Aerodrome) on land south-east of the hamlet of Heathrow from which the airport takes its name."
}
] |
AYFLThkCUppE0KKedhOu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Future expansion and plans | Runway and terminal expansion",
"text": "After this report was published, the government confirmed that no options had been ruled out for airport expansion in the South-east and that a new runway would not be built at Heathrow before 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Future expansion and plans | Heathrow City",
"text": "The Mayor of London's office and Transport for London commissioned plans in the event of Heathrow's closure—to replace it by a large built-up area."
},
{
"section_header": "Terminals | Current terminals | Terminal 2",
"text": "Designed by Spanish architect Luis Vidal, it was built on the site that had been occupied by the original Terminal 2 and the Queens Building."
},
{
"section_header": "Terminals | Former terminals | Terminal 1",
"text": "A number of the newer gates used by Terminal 1 were built as part of the Terminal 2 development and are being retained."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The airport facility is owned and operated by Heathrow Airport Holdings."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The airport was opened on 25 March 1946 as London Airport and was renamed Heathrow Airport in 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Other facilities",
"text": "1 World Business Centre houses offices of Heathrow Airport Holdings, Heathrow Airport itself, and Scandinavian Airlines."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Heathrow Airport, originally called London Airport (until 1966) and now known as London Heathrow (IATA: LHR, ICAO: EGLL), is a major international airport in London, United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Heathrow Airport originated in 1929 as a small airfield (Great West Aerodrome) on land south-east of the hamlet of Heathrow from which the airport takes its name."
},
{
"section_header": "Traffic and statistics | Busiest routes",
"text": "Heathrow Airport processed 80,884,310 passengers in 2019."
}
] |
Heathrow Airport was built in the 1920s
| 0 | 3 |
Heathrow Airport
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Championships | League Championships",
"text": "The Packers are also the only team to win three consecutive NFL titles, having accomplished this twice – from 1929 to 1931 under Lambeau, and from 1965 to 1967 under Lombardi."
}
] |
AZGeckyyHZOQmbOPstKr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the National Football Conference (NFC) North division."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding",
"text": "The APFA changed its name to the National Football League a year later."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–present: Aaron Rodgers era | 2010: Super Bowl XLV championship",
"text": "They first faced No. 3 seeded Philadelphia, winning 21–16."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding",
"text": "On August 27, 1921, the Packers were granted a franchise in the American Professional Football Association, a new national pro football league that had been formed the previous year."
},
{
"section_header": "Championships | League Championships",
"text": "The Packers are also the only team to win three consecutive NFL titles, having accomplished this twice – from 1929 to 1931 under Lambeau, and from 1965 to 1967 under Lombardi."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable players | Pro Football Hall of Fame members",
"text": "The Packers have the second most members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame with 30, 25 of which were inducted as Packers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1929–1931: Lambeau's team arrives",
"text": "After a near-miss in 1927, Lambeau's squad claimed the Packers' first NFL title in 1929 with an undefeated 12–0–1 campaign, behind a stifling defense which registered eight shutouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "His prized possession is football autographed by Ray Nitschke, and his dream is to own the team."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–present: Aaron Rodgers era | 2009: Return to the playoffs",
"text": "Brett Favre threw 3 TDs, no interceptions, and had a passer rating of 135."
}
] |
The Packers are the only national football team to win 3 titles in a row.
| 3 | 5 |
Green Bay Packers
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "So when I was in high school, I wanted to go to Texas Tech in Lubbock just because they were called the Red Raiders and their uniforms looked like ours.\" He earned a BA in Drama and Journalism from Fordham University in 1977."
}
] |
AZvbO9nmQtJrOvEs2YOH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Denzel Hayes Washington Jr. (born December 28, 1954) is an American actor, director, and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "For his performance, Washington was nominated in the Best Actor category for a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has received two Golden Globe awards, one Tony Award, and two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actor for the historical war drama film Glory (1989) and Best Actor for his role as corrupt detective Alonzo Harris in the crime thriller Training Day (2001).Washington has received much critical acclaim for his film work since the 1980s, including his portrayals of real-life figures such as South African anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko in Cry Freedom (1987), Muslim minister and human rights activist Malcolm X in Malcolm X (1992), boxer Rubin \"Hurricane\" Carter in The Hurricane (1999), football coach Herman Boone in Remember the Titans (2000), poet and educator Melvin B. Tolson in The Great Debaters (2007), and drug kingpin Frank Lucas in American Gangster (2007)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "At the 57th Golden Globe Awards, Washington won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama for his work in The Hurricane."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early work",
"text": "He was one of only a few African-American actors to appear on the series for its entire six-year run."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was interested in attending Texas Tech University: \"I grew up in the Boys Club in Mount Vernon, and we were the Red Raiders."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "While the film received mixed reviews, his performance was praised by critics and led to nominations for a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award and an Academy Award, Washington's ninth Oscar nomination overall, and his sixth for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He then attended graduate school at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco, California, where he stayed for one year before returning to New York to begin a professional acting career."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "So when I was in high school, I wanted to go to Texas Tech in Lubbock just because they were called the Red Raiders and their uniforms looked like ours.\" He earned a BA in Drama and Journalism from Fordham University in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has been a featured actor in films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and has been a frequent collaborator of directors"
}
] |
The American actor, director, and producer Denzel Washington has one two Golden Globes, one Tony and two Academy Awards attend Texas Tech in Lubbock.
| 2 | 3 |
Denzel Washington
|
Sports
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Cochrane was educated at Boston University, where he played five sports, excelling at football and basketball."
}
] |
AaQQwzusUubjNkW0RtMQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After college, he chose baseball over basketball and football."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Cochrane was educated at Boston University, where he played five sports, excelling at football and basketball."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Yankee Hall of Fame slugger Mickey Mantle was named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gordon Stanley \"Mickey\" Cochrane (April 6, 1903 – June 28, 1962), nicknamed \"Black Mike\", was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Although Cochrane considered himself a better football player than a baseball player, professional football was not as established as Major League Baseball at the time, so he signed with the Portland Beavers of the Pacific Coast League in 1924.After just one season in the minor leagues, Cochrane was promoted to the major leagues, making his debut with the Philadelphia Athletics on April 14, 1925 at the age of 22."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cochrane died of cancer in 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Cochrane was born in Bridgewater, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Cochrane had homered in his previous at-bat that day."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Hospitalized for seven days, Cochrane nearly died from the injury."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cochrane was born in Massachusetts and was a multi-sport athlete at Boston University."
}
] |
While in college, Mickey Cochrane did excel at soccer and football.
| 1 | 9 |
Mickey Cochrane
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Verisign operates two businesses, Naming Services, which encompasses the operation of top-level domains and critical Internet infrastructure, and Network Intelligence and Availability (NIA) Services, which encompasses DDoS mitigation, managed DNS and threat intelligence."
}
] |
Aav86MSe1wKbZ4g00fbc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Company properties",
"text": "They have since terminated their lease of their current space in two buildings at Lakeside@Loudoun Technology Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Company properties",
"text": "The company completed its move at the end of November 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming services",
"text": "Verisign also operates two of the Internet's thirteen \"root servers\" which are identified by the letters A-M (Verisign operates the “A” and “J” root servers)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Verisign Inc. is an American company based in Reston, Virginia, United States that operates a diverse array of network infrastructure, including two of the Internet's thirteen root nameservers, the authoritative registry for the .com, .net, and .name generic top-level domains and the .cc"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | 2001: Code signing certificate mistake",
"text": "In January 2001, Verisign mistakenly issued two Class 3 code signing certificates to an individual claiming to be an employee of Microsoft."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming services",
"text": "As a result of these new policies, Network Solutions divided itself into two divisions."
},
{
"section_header": "Company properties",
"text": "Verisign began shopping that year for a new permanent home shortly after moving."
},
{
"section_header": "Company properties",
"text": "In addition to its Reston headquarters, Verisign owns three data center properties."
},
{
"section_header": "Company properties",
"text": "Verisign also leases an office suite in downtown Washington, D.C., on K street where its government relations office is located."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | 2001: Code signing certificate mistake",
"text": "The mistake was not discovered and the certificates were not revoked until two weeks later during a routine audit."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Verisign operates two businesses, Naming Services, which encompasses the operation of top-level domains and critical Internet infrastructure, and Network Intelligence and Availability (NIA) Services, which encompasses DDoS mitigation, managed DNS and threat intelligence."
}
] |
Verisign is the parent company of two subsidiaries.
| 0 | 4 |
Verisign
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Upon the death of Olivia de Havilland in July 2020 she became the oldest living Best Actress Academy Award winner."
}
] |
AbAlWUH6Ik9nZwWeuRGm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "In 1958, Woodward won the Academy Award for Best Actress for The Three Faces of Eve."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On March 28 of the same year, Woodward won the Academy Award for Best Actress for The Three Faces of Eve."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film stardom",
"text": "Woodward was given the lead role in her third feature, The Three Faces of Eve (1957)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is perhaps best known for her performance in The Three Faces of Eve (1957), which earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is the recipient of an Academy Award, three Primetime Emmy Awards, and three Golden Globe Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Upon the death of Olivia de Havilland in July 2020 she became the oldest living Best Actress Academy Award winner."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "Newman and Woodward starred in Mr. & Mrs. Bridge (1990), garnering Woodward an Academy Award nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Woodward won two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Mini-Series or TV Movie: for See"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "In 1994, she and her husband were jointly presented the Award for Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joanne Gignilliat Trimmier Woodward (born February 27, 1930) is an American actress, producer, and philanthropist."
}
] |
Joanne Woodward is the most elderly winner of the Academy award not to be dead; an honor bestowed for her part in The Three Faces of Eve.
| 1 | 4 |
Joanne Woodward
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many commentators have argued that the trial was politically motivated; Garvey blamed Jewish people, claiming that they were prejudiced against him because of his links to the KKK."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, his black separatist views—and his collaboration with white racists such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) to advance their shared interest in racial separatism—divided Garvey from other prominent African-American civil rights activists such as W. E. B. Du Bois who promoted racial integration."
}
] |
AbF7TmoSiSijO5HWVNJb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. ONH (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940) was a Jamaican political activist, publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Influence on political movements",
"text": "And make the Negro feel he was somebody.\" Vietnamese Communist revolutionary Ho Chi Minh said Garvey and Korean nationalists shaped his political outlook during his stay in America."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many commentators have argued that the trial was politically motivated; Garvey blamed Jewish people, claiming that they were prejudiced against him because of his links to the KKK."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Influence on religious movements",
"text": "According to the scholar of religion Maboula Soumahoro, Rastafari \"emerged from the socio-political ferment inaugurated by Marcus Garvey\", while for the sociologist Ernest Cashmore, Garvey was the \"most important\" precursor of the Rastafari movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Influence on political movements",
"text": "In 1975 the reggae artist Burning Spear released the album Marcus Garvey."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1887–1904",
"text": "Marcus Mosiah Garvey was born on 17 August 1887 in Saint Ann's Bay, a town in the Colony of Jamaica."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization of UNIA | Forming UNIA: 1914–1916",
"text": "It portrayed itself not as a political organization but as a charitable club, focused on work to help the poor and to ultimately establish a vocational training college modelled on Washington's Tuskegee Institute in Alabama."
},
{
"section_header": "Ideology",
"text": "Ideologically, Garvey was a black nationalist."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Influence on political movements",
"text": "Mark Christian suggested that Garveyism gave an important psychological boost to African leaders campaigning for independence from European colonial rule, while Claudius Fergus proposed that it played an important role in encouraging Africans to see the African diaspora as an \"integral constituent of their own political destiny.\" In his autobiography, Kwame Nkrumah, the prominent Pan-Africanist activist who became Ghana's first president, acknowledged having been influenced by Garvey."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Influence on political movements",
"text": "Interest in Garvey's ideas would also be revived in the 1960s through the growth of independent states across Africa and the emergence of the Black Power movement in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, his black separatist views—and his collaboration with white racists such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) to advance their shared interest in racial separatism—divided Garvey from other prominent African-American civil rights activists such as W. E. B. Du Bois who promoted racial integration."
}
] |
Jamaican political activist Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. was a black nationalist who helped found the Back-to-Africa movement and worked against the KKK.
| 0 | 0 |
Marcus Garvey
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "After Louise's death (9 February 1924) he married a pupil of his, Jeanette Dincin (1902–1967), 44 years his junior."
}
] |
AbXGMsaCgHp8paEcvnyg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The Eugène Ysaÿe Collection",
"text": "A second collection of beautiful handwritten and printed scores is conserved in New York at the Juilliard School."
},
{
"section_header": "The Eugène Ysaÿe Collection",
"text": "The Eugène Ysaÿe Collection, housed in the Music Division of the Royal Library of Belgium, combines four decades of purchases with a donation made by the Ysaÿe family in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Performing career",
"text": "\"Possibly the most distinctive feature of Ysaÿe's interpretations was his masterful rubato."
},
{
"section_header": "List of compositions | Operas",
"text": "The wife of a foreman rushed forward to seize a grenade which had been placed in the offices by a striker, but the grenade exploded and she was killed."
},
{
"section_header": "List of compositions | Operas",
"text": "The Queen, informed of the seriousness of Ysaÿe's condition, had organised a radio broadcast of the work and Ysaÿe addressed the audience from his room."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "Mention should be made of Franck's Violin Sonata in A, written as a wedding present for Ysaÿe and his wife in 1886, which Ysaÿe played wherever he went for the rest of his life; and of Chausson's Poème, which was his response to a request for a concerto."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Eugène went on playing in these ensembles, though he studied by himself and learned the repertoire of the violin."
},
{
"section_header": "The Eugène Ysaÿe Collection",
"text": "An essential source for the study of musician's life and works, it includes some 700 letters and autograph scores, over 1,000 printed scores and books, abundant collection of photographs, four films, and about fifty 78 RPM and 33 RPM recordings."
},
{
"section_header": "Legend of the Ysaÿe violin",
"text": "Eugène Ysaÿe came from a background of \"artisans\", though a large part of his family played instruments."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Eugène Ysaÿe was also close friends with Queen Elisabeth of Belgium, whom he taught violin despite her lack of talent."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "After Louise's death (9 February 1924) he married a pupil of his, Jeanette Dincin (1902–1967), 44 years his junior."
}
] |
Eugène Ysaÿe's second wife was his student.
| 0 | 0 |
Eugène Ysaÿe
|
NOCAT
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Houses use a range of different roofing systems to keep precipitation such as rain from getting into the dwelling space."
}
] |
AbsaK7dWRDrnn7Qmce6r
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legal issues",
"text": "When purchasing a new house the buyer has different legal protection than when buying other products."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Houses use a range of different roofing systems to keep precipitation such as rain from getting into the dwelling space."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Beit in Arabic means house, while in Maltese bejt refers to the roof of the house."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Middle Ages",
"text": "In the Middle Ages, the Manor Houses facilitated different activities and events."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The garbage-sand mixture is also used to protect the house from flooding."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Houses may have doors or locks to secure the dwelling space and protect its inhabitants and contents from burglars or other trespassers."
},
{
"section_header": "Identification and symbolism",
"text": "Houses of particular historical significance (former residences of the famous, for example, or even just very old houses) may gain a protected status in town planning as examples of built heritage or of streetscape."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th and 20th centuries",
"text": "As a result, the \"private becomes ever more public, [and] the desire for a protective home life increases, fuelled by the very media that undermine it,\" writes Jonathan Hill."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "They include the zero-energy house, the passive solar house, the autonomous buildings, the superinsulated and houses built to the Passivhaus standard."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal issues",
"text": "New houses in the UK are covered by a National House Building Council guarantee."
}
] |
Houses have a variety of different roofs to protect them from water damage.
| 2 | 5 |
House
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jupiter is one of the brightest objects visible to the naked eye in the night sky, and has been known to ancient civilizations since before recorded history."
}
] |
AbuIYVgi2QBKp96zmpGf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History of research and exploration | Ground-based telescope research",
"text": "In 1610, Italian polymath Galileo Galilei discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter (now known as the Galilean moons) using a telescope; thought to be the first telescopic observation of moons other than Earth's."
},
{
"section_header": "History of research and exploration | Ground-based telescope research",
"text": "During the 1660s, Giovanni Cassini used a new telescope to discover spots and colorful bands on Jupiter and observed that the planet appeared oblate; that is, flattened at the poles."
},
{
"section_header": "Orbit and rotation",
"text": "Jupiter's rotation is the fastest of all the Solar System's planets, completing a rotation on its axis in slightly less than ten hours; this creates an equatorial bulge easily seen through an Earth-based amateur telescope."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "Because the orbit of Jupiter is outside that of Earth, the phase angle of Jupiter as viewed from Earth never exceeds 11.5°: Jupiter always appears nearly fully illuminated when viewed through Earth-based telescopes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A prominent result is the Great Red Spot, a giant storm that is known to have existed since at least the 17th century when it was first seen by telescope."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jupiter is primarily composed of hydrogen with a quarter of its mass being helium, though helium comprises only about a tenth of the number of molecules."
},
{
"section_header": "Interaction with the Solar System | Impacts",
"text": "It was later determined, however, that these candidate sites had little or no possibility of being the results of the proposed impacts."
},
{
"section_header": "Interaction with the Solar System | Impacts",
"text": "Yet another fireball was seen on August 20, 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "A large telescope will show Jupiter's Great Red Spot when it faces Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "History of research and exploration | Ground-based telescope research",
"text": "By the 1670s, it was observed that when Jupiter was on the opposite side of the Sun from Earth, these events would occur about 17 minutes later than expected."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jupiter is one of the brightest objects visible to the naked eye in the night sky, and has been known to ancient civilizations since before recorded history."
}
] |
Jupiter can be seen from earth without using a telescope.
| 0 | 0 |
Jupiter
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Rixey joined the Phillies for the 1912 season without playing a single game of minor league baseball."
}
] |
Ac4EGDGjZiSLxTB5LKib
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "When Rixey started playing, he was considered an \"anomaly\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "That season, he appeared in 35 games, started 19 of them, winning nine games, and had a 3.12 earned run average."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Rixey completed his career with 266 wins, 251 losses, and a 3.15 ERA."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Rixey was on the losing end of a no-hitter by Jeff Tesreau on September 6."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Rixey was traded to the Reds prior to the 1921 season for Jimmy Ring and Greasy Neale."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Throughout his long career, the 210-pound Rixey charmed teammates and fans with his dry wit and big Southern drawl."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "The relationship between Rixey and manager Gavvy Cravath was never good, and Cravath had made known his desire to trade him; however, he stayed with the Phillies that season, working on his delivery with former pitcher Jesse Tannehill, who, Rixey admitted, helped with his pitching delivery."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Rixey joined the Phillies for the 1912 season without playing a single game of minor league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Rixey hated losing and was known for destroying the team locker room, or disappearing for days at a time after a loss."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "On November 22, 1920, Rixey was traded to the Cincinnati Reds in exchange for Jimmy Ring and Greasy Neale."
}
] |
Rixey started out his career with the Braves.
| 0 | 0 |
Eppa Rixey
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Time magazine named Moore one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2015."
}
] |
Adcg2CEPGMDlnuXEXSRm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Moore was born Julie Anne Smith on December 3, 1960, at the Fort Bragg army installation in North Carolina, the oldest of three siblings."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and acting style",
"text": "In 2015, Time magazine named Moore one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Julianne Moore (born Julie Anne Smith; December 3, 1960) is an American actress and author."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Awards success and film series (2014–2017)",
"text": "The film ranks as her highest-grossing to date."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Time magazine named Moore one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple have a son, Caleb Freundlich (born December 1997) and a daughter, Liv Freundlich (born April 2002)."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "Moore, Julianne (2007). Freckleface Strawberry."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "ISBN 978-1599901077. Moore, Julianne (2009)."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "ISBN 978-1599903163. Moore, Julianne (2011)."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "ISBN 978-1599907826. Moore, Julianne (2013)."
}
] |
Julianne Moore never was ranked in any top 100 lists and was born in Fort Bragg.
| 0 | 0 |
Julianne Moore
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The club has been a member of the Premier League for all but three years of the competition's history, spending 88 seasons in the top flight as of July 2020, and have never dropped below English football's second tier since joining the Football League in 1893."
}
] |
AdgGQ8b74RQmijD47sQt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Supporters and rivalries",
"text": "At the end of the 2011–12 Premier league season, Newcastle United held the third-highest average attendance for the season, at 49,935."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Sale, relegation and decline (2006–2010)",
"text": "After the 2006–07 season, and inside the Premier League era, Newcastle United were now the fifth most successful Premiership club in terms of points gained."
},
{
"section_header": "Players | First team",
"text": "The current Newcastle United first-team squad consist of the following players: As of 31 January 2020Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Return to the Premier League (2016–)",
"text": "The team finished the season with a 3–0 win over the previous year's champions Chelsea, finishing 10th in the league, their highest finish in four years."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Into the Premier League and near-title misses (1992–2006)",
"text": "won the then First Division Championship at the end of the 1992–93 season, earning promotion to the then new Premier League."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Into the Premier League and near-title misses (1992–2006)",
"text": "The following season, Robson guided the team to another title challenge and finished third in the League, and the second group stage of the Champions League, after being the first team to have progressed past the first group stage after losing their first three games."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Return to the Premier League (2016–)",
"text": "Newcastle returned to the Premier League at the first attempt, winning the Championship title on 7 May 2017 with a 3–0 win against Barnsley."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Into the Premier League and near-title misses (1992–2006)",
"text": "Keegan took Newcastle to two consecutive runners-up finishes in the league in 1995–96 and 1996–97, coming very close to winning the title in the former season which included a 4–3 game against Liverpool at Anfield – often considered the greatest game in Premier League history – which ended with a defining image of the Premier League with Keegan slumped over the advertising hoarding."
},
{
"section_header": "Players | Out on loan",
"text": "Notes: The following players have previously made a league or cup appearance for Newcastle United and are currently on loan at other teams: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Into the Premier League and near-title misses (1992–2006)",
"text": "Keegan left Newcastle in January 1997 and was replaced by Kenny Dalglish, however the club endured a largely unsuccessful season with a 13th-place finish in the 1997–98 FA Premier League, failure to progress beyond the group stages of the 1997–98 UEFA Champions League despite beating Barcelona and group winners Dynamo Kiev at St James' Park as well as coming from 2–0 down to draw 2–2 with Valery Lobanovsky's team in Ukraine and defeat in the 1998 FA Cup Final."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The club has been a member of the Premier League for all but three years of the competition's history, spending 88 seasons in the top flight as of July 2020, and have never dropped below English football's second tier since joining the Football League in 1893."
}
] |
Newcastle United F.C. has been a team in the Premier League every season since their beginning.
| 0 | 0 |
Newcastle United F.C.
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "They were introduced to Brisbane radio presenter jockey Bill Gates by speedway promoter and driver Bill Goode, who had hired the brothers to entertain the crowd at the Redcliffe Speedway in 1960."
}
] |
AeKnahAikLTZI5WSbTPg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Concert tours",
"text": "The Bee Gees' concerts in 1967 and 1968 (1967–1968) 2 Years On Tour (1971) Trafalgar Tour (1972) Mr. Natural Tour (1974) Main Course Tour (1975) Children of the World Tour (1976) Spirits"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: International fame and touring years | Bee Gees' 1st, Horizontal and Idea",
"text": "When we got to the hotel, the police weren't there to meet us and the kids crushed the car."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: International fame and touring years | Bee Gees' 1st, Horizontal and Idea",
"text": "You have to remember this was really before the superstar was invented so you were all in it together."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "In 1962, the Bee Gees were chosen as the supporting act for Chubby Checker's concert at the Sydney Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: International fame and touring years | Bee Gees' 1st, Horizontal and Idea",
"text": "The Bee Gees felt \"The Singer Sang His Song\" was the stronger of the two sides, an opinion shared by listeners in the Netherlands who made it a No. 3 hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "No big egos. Rod, in his brilliance, decided to do a spoof on disco."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "In August 1958, the Gibb family, including older sister Lesley and infant brother Andy, emigrated to Redcliffe, just north-east of Brisbane in Queensland, Australia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: International fame and touring years | Bee Gees' 1st, Horizontal and Idea",
"text": "After the release of Bee Gees' 1st, the group was first introduced in New York as \"the English surprise.\" At that time, the band made their first British TV appearance on Top of the Pops."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "They were introduced to Brisbane radio presenter jockey Bill Gates by speedway promoter and driver Bill Goode, who had hired the brothers to entertain the crowd at the Redcliffe Speedway in 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2008: This Is Where I Came In and Maurice's death",
"text": "The last concert of the Bee Gees as a trio was at the Love and Hope Ball in 2002."
}
] |
Bee Gees meet the Microsoft CEO before he and they made it big at a concert in Brisbane.
| 0 | 0 |
Bee Gees
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets (also known as \"continental glaciers\") in the polar regions, but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges on every continent including Oceania's high-latitude oceanic island countries such as New Zealand."
}
] |
AeUImOEF0m31wW4Jt5sj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A glacier (US: or UK: ) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight."
},
{
"section_header": "Types | Classification by size, shape and behavior",
"text": "Glacial bodies larger than 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi) are called ice sheets or continental glaciers."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation",
"text": "Glacier ice is slightly more dense than ice formed from frozen water because glacier ice contains fewer trapped air bubbles."
},
{
"section_header": "Types | Classification by size, shape and behavior",
"text": "A large body of glacial ice astride a mountain, mountain range, or volcano is termed an ice cap or ice field."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion",
"text": "The pressure on ice deeper than 50 m causes plastic flow."
},
{
"section_header": "Types | Classification by size, shape and behavior",
"text": "Narrow, fast-moving sections of an ice sheet are called ice streams."
},
{
"section_header": "Types | Classification by size, shape and behavior",
"text": "The only extant ice sheets are the two that cover most of Antarctica and Greenland."
},
{
"section_header": "Isostatic rebound",
"text": "Large masses, such as ice sheets or glaciers, can depress the crust of the Earth into the mantle."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation",
"text": "On steeper slopes, this can occur with as little as 15 m (50 ft) of snow-ice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets (also known as \"continental glaciers\") in the polar regions, but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges on every continent including Oceania's high-latitude oceanic island countries such as New Zealand."
}
] |
A glacier is a body of dense ice and 50 percent of the glacial ice is in sheets.
| 0 | 0 |
Glacier
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Initially known for playing \"tough guys\" with a tender heart, he went on to achieve success with more complex and challenging roles over a 45-year career in film and, later, television."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After serving in World War II, the 32-year-old Lancaster landed a role in a Broadway play and drew the attention of a Hollywood agent."
}
] |
AfO0ytZrKZ4Xe0koOL1G
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Broadway",
"text": "Although initially unenthusiastic about acting, Lancaster was encouraged to audition for a Broadway play by a producer who saw him in an elevator while he was visiting his then-girlfriend at work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Initially known for playing \"tough guys\" with a tender heart, he went on to achieve success with more complex and challenging roles over a 45-year career in film and, later, television."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmography and awards | In other media",
"text": "Lancaster posed for the painting, also known as The Kentuckian."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After serving in World War II, the 32-year-old Lancaster landed a role in a Broadway play and drew the attention of a Hollywood agent."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Hecht-Lancaster Productions",
"text": "Part of the Norma-Warners contract was that Lancaster had to appear in some non-Norma films, of which this was one."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Hecht-Hill-Lancaster",
"text": "Over the years it has come to be regarded as one of Lancaster's greatest films."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The centennial of Lancaster's birth was honored at New York City's Film Society of Lincoln Center in May 2013 with the screening of 12 of the actor's best-known films, from The Killers to Atlantic City."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmography and awards | In other media",
"text": "For a number of years exhibitors voted Lancaster among the most popular stars: Spanish music group Hombres G released an album named La cagaste, Burt Lancaster (You messed up, Burt Lancaster) in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 1970s",
"text": "The film received nine Academy Award nominations, including one for Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Political activism | ACLU",
"text": "Burt. He had a scotch or two and finally he said, 'I think she should be executive director.'"
}
] |
Burt Lancaster was known to play the "tough guy" in films and was on Broadway.
| 0 | 0 |
Burt Lancaster
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Irène Joliot-Curie (French: [iʁɛn ʒɔljo kyʁi] (listen); 12 September 1897 – 17 March 1956) was a French chemist, physicist, and a politician of Polish ancestry, the daughter of Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie."
}
] |
Afejf8seKuJOzzPBRr2P
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Irène was born in Paris, France in 1897 and was the first of Marie and Pierre's two daughters."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Research",
"text": "Irene and her husband presented their theory and results to the fellow scientists, but they received criticism from their finding from most of the 46 scientists attending."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Research",
"text": "Lise Meitner's now-famous calculations actually disproved Irène's results to show that nuclear fission was possible."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Both children of the Joliot-Curies, Hélène and Pierre, are also esteemed scientists."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Research",
"text": "The Solvay Conference consisted of prominent scientists in the physics and chemistry community."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "Joliot-Curie's daughter, Hélène Langevin-Joliot, went on to become a nuclear physicist and professor at the University of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Irène Joliot-Curie (French: [iʁɛn ʒɔljo kyʁi] (listen); 12 September 1897 – 17 March 1956) was a French chemist, physicist, and a politician of Polish ancestry, the daughter of Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Research",
"text": "In 1948, using the works of nuclear fission, the Joliot-Curies along with other scientists created the first French nuclear reactor."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Irène and her sister Ève were sent to Poland to spend the summer with their Aunt Bronya (Marie's sister) when Irène was thirteen."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Irène studied in this environment for about two years."
}
] |
Irène Joliot-Curie was the daughter of a famous scientist.
| 0 | 0 |
Irène Joliot-Curie
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Three of his film scores have been nominated for Academy Awards."
}
] |
AfmpQCkSEgIxstKoU814
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Three of his film scores have been nominated for Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | BAFTA Awards",
"text": "Best Original Score Nominated: Kundun (1997) Won: The Truman Show (1998) Nominated: The Hours (2002) Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Other",
"text": "Won: The Hours (2002) Best Original Score Nominated: Kundun (1997) Nominated: The Hours (2002) Nominated: Notes on a Scandal (2006) Musical America Musician of the Year (1985) Member of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (France) – Chevalier (1995) Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, Department of Music (2003) Won: The Hours (2002) Best Original Score Nominated: Kundun (1997) Nominated: The Hours (2002) Nominated: Notes on a Scandal (2006) Musical America Musician of the Year (1985) Member of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (France) – Chevalier (1995) Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, Department of Music (2003) Classic Brit Award for Contemporary Composer of the Year (The Hours) (2004) Critics' Choice Award for Best Composer –"
},
{
"section_header": "Music for film",
"text": "In the mid-2000s Glass provided the scores to films such as Secret Window (2004), Neverwas (2005), The Illusionist and Notes on a Scandal, garnering his third Academy Award nomination for the latter."
},
{
"section_header": "Music for film",
"text": "Glass has composed many film scores, starting with the orchestral score for Koyaanisqatsi (1982), and continuing with two biopics, Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985, resulting in the String Quartet No. 3) and Kundun (1997) about the Dalai Lama, for which he received his first Academy Award nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Music for film",
"text": "The Hours (2002) earned him a second Academy Award nomination, and was followed by another Morris documentary, The Fog of War (2003)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Other",
"text": "The Illusionist (2007) 18th International Palm Springs Film Festival Award (2007) Fulbright Lifetime Achievement Award Laureate (2009) American Classical Music Hall of Fame (2010) NEA Opera Honors Award (2010) Praemium Imperiale (2012) Dance Magazine Award (2013) Honorary Doctor of Music, Juilliard School (2014) Louis Auchincloss Prize presented by the Museum of the City of New York (2014) Eleventh Glenn Gould Prize Laureate (2015) National Medal of Arts (2015) Chicago Tribune Literary Award (for memoir Words Without Music) (2016) Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Music in a Play – The Crucible (2016) Carnegie Hall (New York) 2017–2018 Richard and Barbara Debs Composer's Chair (2017) Hollywood Music in Media Awards"
},
{
"section_header": "Music for film",
"text": "Glass's music was featured in two award-winning films by Russian director Andrey Zvyagintsev, Elena (2011) and Leviathan (2014)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1991–96: Cocteau trilogy and symphonies",
"text": "it with the film\". The final part of the triptych returned again to a more traditional setting with the \"Dance Opera\" Les Enfants Terribles (1996), scored for voices, three pianos and dancers, with choreography by Susan Marshall."
},
{
"section_header": "Music for film",
"text": "In 2017 Glass scored the National Geographic Films documentary Jane (a documentary on the life of renowned British primatologist Jane Goodall)."
}
] |
Three of his film scores have been nominated for Academy Awards.
| 1 | 4 |
Philip Glass
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McGraw also held the MLB record for most ejections by a manager (132) until Bobby Cox broke the record in 2007."
}
] |
AfppOMeCGIsEQrjc0juz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | 1899–1932",
"text": "\" McGraw was one of the first to use a relief pitcher to save games."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Joseph McGraw (April 7, 1873 – February 25, 1934), nicknamed \"Little Napoleon\" and \"Mugsy\", was a Major League Baseball (MLB) player and manager of the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | 1899–1932",
"text": "When McGraw learned that Giants owner Harry Hempstead and other heirs of Hempstead's predecessor, John T. Brush, wanted out of baseball before the 1919 season, McGraw set about finding a buyer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His total of 2,763 victories in that capacity ranks second overall behind only Connie Mack; he still holds the National League record with 2,669 wins in the senior circuit."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "It was during this game that McGraw gained his first renown as a player."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "McGraw arrived at Camden Station in Baltimore on August 24, 1891, still only 18 years old, but now a major league baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major leagues",
"text": "McGraw also took on managerial duties for the 1899 Oriole team and posted an 86–62 record."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | 1899–1932",
"text": "Although for most of his career McGraw wore the same baseball uniform his players wore, he eventually took a page out of Mack's book toward the end of his career and began managing in a three piece suit."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was known for his quick temper and for bending the rules, but he also stood out as a great baseball mind."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major leagues",
"text": "1902 was his last season as a full-time player; he never played in more than 12 games or tallied more than 12 at bats in any season thereafter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McGraw also held the MLB record for most ejections by a manager (132) until Bobby Cox broke the record in 2007."
}
] |
John McGraw was a baseball player and used to hold the record in the majors for being thrown out of a game.
| 0 | 0 |
John McGraw
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Playing for the St. Louis Cardinals (1924–1931) and Cincinnati Reds (1932–1935, 1937), Hafey was a strong line-drive hitter who batted for a high average on a consistent basis."
}
] |
AfqeEQUbHuc1WFH1Dvor
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles James \"Chick\" Hafey (February 12, 1903 – July 2, 1973) was an American player in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "He hit .261 in 89 major league games that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Hafey played in the minor leagues for the Fort Smith Twins of the Western Association in 1923."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Hafey was the first major success of Rickey's expansive farm system, breaking through in 1927 when he led the National League in slugging."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Because his vision became so variable, Hafey was obliged to rotate among three different pairs of glasses."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "In May, he announced that he would work out with a Pacific Coast League team to work his way back to the Cardinals."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "The team wanted team surgeons to perform sinus surgery, but Hafey planned to have a procedure performed by his own doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Hafey was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hafey was part of two World Series championship teams (in 1926 and 1931) as a Cardinal and also made history with the first hit in an All-Star game, starting in left field and batting cleanup for the National League in the 1933 game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2014, the Cardinals inducted him into their team hall of fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Playing for the St. Louis Cardinals (1924–1931) and Cincinnati Reds (1932–1935, 1937), Hafey was a strong line-drive hitter who batted for a high average on a consistent basis."
}
] |
Chick Hafey played for three Major League Baseball teams.
| 0 | 0 |
Chick Hafey
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film received three Academy Award nominations for Best Visual Effects, Best Production Design, and Best Makeup and Hairstyling as well as praise from critics organization Broadcast Film Critics Association and from critics groups, such as the Houston Film Critics Society, Phoenix Film Critics Society and Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association."
}
] |
AgJ2UQA7WDmUagNZP739
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Receiving mixed reviews from critics, the film was nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects, Best Production Design, and Best Makeup and Hairstyling."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "In January 2013, it was announced The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey was nominated in the Best Live Action Motion Picture category at the Cinema Audio Society Awards, awarded on 16 February."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was also nominated for three British Academy Film Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "An Unexpected Journey led the nominations at the 39th Saturn Awards with nine, more than The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring which earned eight nominations at the time of its release."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Score",
"text": "The album received nominations for various awards and peaked in the top ten charts in Korea and the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey is a 2012 epic high fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Animal deaths",
"text": "According to news reports, up to 27 animals died during the production of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Home media",
"text": "The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey was released on DVD, Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on 19 March 2013, with an extended edition, with 13 minutes of additional footage and three bonus discs containing approximately nine hours of special features, released on 5 November 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "An Unexpected Journey also earned five nominations at the 18th Empire Awards, winning in two categories, Best Actor for Martin Freeman and Best Science Fiction/Fantasy Film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film received three Academy Award nominations for Best Visual Effects, Best Production Design, and Best Makeup and Hairstyling as well as praise from critics organization Broadcast Film Critics Association and from critics groups, such as the Houston Film Critics Society, Phoenix Film Critics Society and Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association."
}
] |
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey received was nominated for three oscars.
| 1 | 1 |
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a player in 1913 and 1915 and from 1918 to 1929 for five big-league teams, Southworth took part in almost 1,200 games, fell just short of 1,300 hits and batted .297 lifetime."
}
] |
AhTkvcSibykMhOLBM8jS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Return to the Cardinals",
"text": "The Cards' third successive National League pennant, in 1944, produced another world championship, a six-game triumph over the American League (AL) St. Louis Browns."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to the Cardinals",
"text": "With it, Southworth had presided over one of the most dominant three-year stretches in National League (NL) history."
},
{
"section_header": "Later managerial career",
"text": "With Boston at 55–54 on August 16, Southworth turned the Braves over to coach Johnny Cooney for the remainder of 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to the Cardinals",
"text": "The following season they won 97 games and finished second."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to the Cardinals",
"text": "Still, Southworth began managing at the beginning of the 1945 season, which saw his Cardinals win 95 games but finished second, three games behind the Chicago Cubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "The elder Southworth returned to the Cleveland Indians in 1915 and appeared in 60 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "With the exception of two seasons, Southworth played in at least that many games through 1926."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career as a manager",
"text": "The team did not respond to his hard line and won only 43 of their first 88 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "He joined the Cleveland Indians in 1913, but only appeared in one game, entering as a replacement on defense."
},
{
"section_header": "Later managerial career",
"text": "In that World Series, all of the games were close except for one, when the Braves beat pitcher Bob Feller"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a player in 1913 and 1915 and from 1918 to 1929 for five big-league teams, Southworth took part in almost 1,200 games, fell just short of 1,300 hits and batted .297 lifetime."
}
] |
Billy Southworth participated in over 1200 games.
| 0 | 0 |
Billy Southworth
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in eastern Belgium, northeast France, and Luxembourg, towards the end of the war in Europe."
}
] |
AhVOHIvVuxG4mpmVfAqg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Operation names",
"text": "While the Ardennes Counteroffensive is the correct term in Allied military language, the official Ardennes-Alsace campaign reached beyond the Ardennes battle region, and the most popular description in English speaking countries remains simply the Battle of the Bulge."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Additionally, the Military/American Heroes TV series Greatest Tank Battles featured an episode on the Battle of the Bulge as \"The Battle of the Bulge: S.S. Panzers Attack!\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Casualties",
"text": "The Battle of the Bulge was the bloodiest battle for U.S. forces in World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Television : The battle was the subject of the PBS American Experience episode, \"The Battle of the Bulge\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Result",
"text": "The phrase \"Battle of the Bulge\" was coined by contemporary press to describe the bulge in German front lines on wartime news maps, and it became the most widely used name for the battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Operation names",
"text": "The phrase Battle of the Bulge was coined by contemporary press to describe the way the Allied front line bulged inward on wartime news maps."
},
{
"section_header": "Result",
"text": "Because of troop shortages during the Battle of the Bulge, Eisenhower decided to integrate the service for the first time."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Planning",
"text": "In 1940 German forces had passed through the Ardennes in three days before engaging the enemy, but the 1944 plan called for battle in the forest itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Strategy and leadership | Montgomery's actions",
"text": "Ninth Army had two corps and three divisions; First Army had three corps and fifteen divisions."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Video game: Battlefield 1942, Battlefield V by EA Games feature the Battle of the Bulge between American and German forces."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in eastern Belgium, northeast France, and Luxembourg, towards the end of the war in Europe."
}
] |
The Battle of the Bulge happened in three different countries
| 2 | 6 |
Battle of the Bulge
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "Theodore Alois Buckley, 1850: prose Henry Hart Milman, 1865: verse"
}
] |
AhjnqnEDKn5SQIiFRnJT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Modern productions | Musical versions",
"text": "Gustav Holst's \"Hymn to Dionysus\" (Op. 31, No. 2) is a setting for female voices and orchestra of the parodos from The Bacchae in the translation by Gilbert Murray."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern productions | Dramatic versions",
"text": "In 2008, James Thomas directed Peter Arnott's faithful and audience-friendly translation of The Bacchae as part of MacMillan Films series on Greek drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "Theodore Alois Buckley, 1850: prose Henry Hart Milman, 1865: verse"
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "Edward P. Coleridge, 1891: prose"
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "Gilbert Murray, 1911: verse Arthur S. Way, 1912: verse D. W. Lucas, 1930: prose Philip Vellacott, 1954: prose and verse"
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "F. L. Lucas, 1954: verse Henry Birkhead, 1957: verse"
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "William Arrowsmith, 1958: verse"
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "Moses Hadas and John McLean, 1960: prose Paul Roche, 1969: verse"
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "Geoffrey Kirk, 1970: prose and verse"
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "Robert Bagg, 1978: verse (as The Bakkhai) Michael Cacoyannis, 1982: verse"
}
] |
Bacchae was translated in 1866.
| 0 | 0 |
Bacchae
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Additionally, it received two nominations at the 83rd Academy Awards: Best Art Direction and Best Visual Effects."
}
] |
AhueG42EkVjni3BknnID
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 was nominated for Best Art Direction and Best Visual Effects at the 83rd Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Additionally, it received two nominations at the 83rd Academy Awards: Best Art Direction and Best Visual Effects."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "Instead, Alexandre Desplat was hired to compose the score for Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Part 1 was filmed back-to-back with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 from 19 February 2009 to 12 June 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 is a 2010 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and is followed by the concluding entry, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"Keith Uhlich of Time Out New York named Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 the seventh-best film of 2010, calling it an \"elatingly downbeat blockbuster\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Sets",
"text": "Stuart Craig, set designer for all of the previous Harry Potter films, returned for the final two parts."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Home media",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 was released on a single and double disc DVD and 3-disc Blu-ray combo pack on 11 April 2011 in the UK and on 15 April 2011 in the US."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Theatrical release",
"text": "\" Part 1 of Deathly Hallows was released on Blu-ray 3D as a Best Buy Exclusive."
}
] |
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1 did receive two nominations.
| 0 | 0 |
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Scholars have identified the Anti-Masonic Party as \"the first right-wing reactionary movement in American politics."
}
] |
Ai55r9iXisbY0JwQdxxw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Party foundation",
"text": "Adams supporters used the strong anti-Masonic feeling to create a new party in opposition to the rising Jacksonian Democracy nationally and the Albany Regency political organization of Martin Van Buren in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Political rise",
"text": "Though its candidate for Governor of New York, Solomon Southwick, was defeated, the Anti-Masonic Party became the main opposition party to the Jacksonian Democrats in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Party foundation",
"text": "The Anti-Masonic Party was formed in Upstate New York in February 1828."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable office holders and candidates",
"text": "William Slade Solomon Southwick, candidate for Governor of New York (1828) Millard Fillmore, New York State Assembly (1829–1831) William H. Seward, New York State Senate (1831–1834) Lebbeus Egerton, Lieutenant Governor of Vermont (1831–1835) William A. Palmer, Governor of Vermont (1831–1835) William Wirt, candidate for President in 1832"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Party foundation",
"text": "In New York, at this time the supporters of President John Quincy Adams, called \"Adams men\", or Anti-Jacksonians, or National Republicans, were a feeble organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The party was founded in the aftermath of the disappearance of William Morgan, a former Mason who had ultimately become a prominent critic of the Masonic organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Anti-Masonic Party, also known as the Anti-Masonic Movement, was the first third party in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Party foundation",
"text": "Anti-Masonry also became a political issue in Western New York, where early in 1827 many mass meetings resolved not to support Masons for public office."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Anti-Masonic Party",
"text": "A later political organization called the Anti-Masonic Party was active from 1872 until 1888."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Political rise",
"text": "Anti-Masonic Party members expanded the use of party-affiliated newspapers for political organizing by publishing over 100, including Southwick's National Observer and Weed's Anti-Masonic Enquirer."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Scholars have identified the Anti-Masonic Party as \"the first right-wing reactionary movement in American politics."
}
] |
The Anti-Masonic Party was a liberal-leaning political organization in the United States, founded in New York after the conclusion of the French and Indian War.
| 0 | 0 |
Anti-Masonic Party
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Kennedy \"Duke\" Ellington (April 29, 1899 – May 24, 1974) was an American composer, pianist, and leader of a jazz orchestra, which he led from 1923 until his death over a career spanning more than six decades."
}
] |
Ai81c6qiyD1uDtGkIthT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Tributes",
"text": "Charles Mingus, who had been fired by Ellington decades earlier, wrote the elegy \"Duke Ellington's Sound Of Love\" in 1974, a few months after Ellington's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some members stayed with the orchestra for several decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Last years",
"text": "Ellington performed what is considered his final full concert in a ballroom at Northern Illinois University on March 20, 1974.The last three shows Ellington and his orchestra performed were one on March 21, 1973 at Purdue University's Hall of Music and two on March 22, 1973 at the Sturges-Young Auditorium in Sturgis, Michigan."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Tributes",
"text": "Mercer Ellington had been handling all administrative aspects of his father's business for several decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Kennedy \"Duke\" Ellington (April 29, 1899 – May 24, 1974) was an American composer, pianist, and leader of a jazz orchestra, which he led from 1923 until his death over a career spanning more than six decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Last years",
"text": "Ellington was shortlisted for the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1965 but no prize was ultimately awarded that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Last years",
"text": "Then 66 years old, he joked: \"Fate is being kind to me."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Last years",
"text": "Fate doesn't want me to be famous too young."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Last years",
"text": "\" In 1999 he was posthumously awarded a special Pulitzer Prize \"commemorating the centennial year of his birth, in recognition of his musical genius, which evoked aesthetically the principles of democracy through the medium of jazz and thus made an indelible contribution to art and culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Last years",
"text": "\"In September 1965, he premiered the first of his Sacred Concerts."
}
] |
Ellington's career lasted 3 decades.
| 0 | 3 |
Duke Ellington
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel is concerned in particular with issues of class, education, religion, morality and marriage."
}
] |
AiGB7R4XIqNQ3u226wWY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "The unhappy marriages, the religious and philosophical questioning, and the social problems dealt with in Jude the Obscure appear in many other Hardy novels, as well as in Hardy's life."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Sue and Jude spend some time living together without any sexual relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "\"Later in the novel, Jude and Sue are appalled at the use of steel traps to catch such small animals as rabbits, which usually died in slow agony when caught in the deadly contraptions."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, theatrical, and podcast adaptations",
"text": "A podcast called \"Obscure\" where Michael Ian Black reads Jude The Obscure with commentary, was released in May of 2018"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "The novel explores several social problems in Victorian England, especially those relating to the institutions of marriage, the Church, and education."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "absurd\".D. H. Lawrence, an admirer of Hardy, was puzzled by the character of Sue Bridehead, and attempted to analyse her conflicted sexuality in his A Study of Thomas Hardy (1914)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "Called \"Jude the Obscene\" by at least one reviewer, Jude the Obscure received a harsh reception from some scandalized critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "In 1895, the book was published in London under its present title, Jude the Obscure (dated 1896)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The events of Jude the Obscure occur over a 19-year period, but no dates are specifically given in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jude the Obscure is a novel by Thomas Hardy, which began as a magazine serial in December 1894 and was first published in book form in 1895."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel is concerned in particular with issues of class, education, religion, morality and marriage."
}
] |
Jude the Obscure raises problems such as war, inequality or sexual orientation.
| 1 | 3 |
Jude the Obscure
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alston attended Milford Township High School in Darrtown, and received the nickname \"Smokey\" as a high school pitcher, owing to the speed of his fastball."
}
] |
AiofcwkCXqXRfOLnTWqi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Ohio State Route 177 was named the Walter \"Smokey\" Alston Memorial Highway in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Walter Emmons Alston (December 1, 1911 – October 1, 1984), nicknamed \"Smokey\", was an American baseball player and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Campanella hit 13 home runs in 35 games and fans were dismayed when he was called up to the Dodgers."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alston attended Milford Township High School in Darrtown, and received the nickname \"Smokey\" as a high school pitcher, owing to the speed of his fastball."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Major leagues | Brooklyn Dodgers",
"text": "Alston was an unknown at the major league level and the New York Daily News reported his hiring with the headline \"Walter Who?\"Becoming immediately known for his quiet nature, Alston was sometimes referred to as \"The Quiet Man\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Tommy Lasorda, who played and coached under Alston and ultimately succeeded him as manager, commented on how easy it was to play for Alston."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Major leagues | Brooklyn Dodgers",
"text": "Sportswriters had difficulty writing about Alston at first because he did not say much."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Major leagues | Final years as manager",
"text": "O'Malley once commented that Alston was \"non-irritating."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alston was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Alston returned to the minor leagues after his brief MLB appearance."
}
] |
Walter Alston was called Smokey because of how fast he was able to throw a ball.
| 2 | 3 |
Walter Alston
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Architecture",
"text": "Throughout the Levant, Egypt and North Africa, the Umayyads constructed grand congregational mosques and desert palaces, as well as various garrison cities (amsar) to fortify their frontiers such as Fustat, Kairouan, Kufa, Basra and Mansura."
}
] |
AjIbdfk8PIDDfuqM0oEy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Origins | Early influence",
"text": "Yazid died shortly after and Umar appointed his brother Mu'awiya in his place."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later Marwanid period | Abbasid Revolution and fall",
"text": "Kufa fell to the Hashimiyya in 749, the last Umayyad stronghold in Iraq, Wasit, was placed under siege, and in November of the same year"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early Marwanid period | Consolidation and expansion",
"text": "This had led some historians, both medieval and modern, to suggest that the Dome of the Rock was built as a destination for pilgrimage to rival the Kaaba, which was under the control of Ibn al-Zubayr."
},
{
"section_header": "Social organization | Non-Muslims",
"text": "Non-Muslim groups in the Umayyad Caliphate, which included Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians and pagans, were called dhimmis."
},
{
"section_header": "Social organization | Non-Muslims",
"text": "According to the Muslim historians al-Baladhuri and al-Tabari, Sanjur was a mawla of the first Umayyad caliph, Mu'awiya"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Theological view of the Umayyads | Sunni",
"text": "Many Muslims criticized the Umayyads for having too many non-Muslim, former Roman administrators in their government, e.g., St. John of Damascus."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Theological view of the Umayyads | Sunni",
"text": "Later, the Umayyads were criticized by some Muslims for not reducing the taxes of the people who converted to Islam."
},
{
"section_header": "Social organization | Non-Muslims",
"text": "The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria."
},
{
"section_header": "Social organization | Non-Muslims",
"text": "They were given a legally protected status as second-class citizens as long as they accepted and acknowledged the political supremacy of the ruling Muslims, i.e. paid a tax, known as jizya, which the Muslims did not have to pay, who would instead pay the zakat tax."
},
{
"section_header": "Umayyad administration | Currency",
"text": "The Byzantine and Sassanid Empires relied on money economies before the Muslim conquest, and that system remained in effect during the Umayyad period."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Architecture",
"text": "Throughout the Levant, Egypt and North Africa, the Umayyads constructed grand congregational mosques and desert palaces, as well as various garrison cities (amsar) to fortify their frontiers such as Fustat, Kairouan, Kufa, Basra and Mansura."
}
] |
The Umayyads built big Muslim places of worship.
| 1 | 2 |
Umayyad Caliphate
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rhódios Greek: Rhódios Greek: Κολοσσός της Ρόδου, romanized: Kolossós tes Rhódou) was a statue of the Greek sun-god Helios, erected in the city of Rhodes, on the Greek island of the same name, by Chares of Lindos in 280 BC."
}
] |
AjT93NZ8uohHkmJFjce6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "After twelve years, in 280 BC, the statue was completed."
},
{
"section_header": "Destruction",
"text": "The statue snapped at the knees and fell over onto the land."
},
{
"section_header": "Posture",
"text": "Also, the fallen statue would have blocked the harbour, and since the ancient Rhodians did not have the ability to remove the fallen statue from the harbour, it would not have remained visible on land for the next 800 years, as discussed above."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to Suda, the Rhodians were called Colossaeans (Κολοσσαεῖς), because they erected the statue on the island."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to most contemporary descriptions, the Colossus stood approximately 70 cubits, or 33 metres (108 feet) high—the approximate height of the modern Statue of Liberty from feet to crown—making it the tallest statue in the ancient world."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Colossus projects",
"text": "The statue would include a cultural centre, a library, an exhibition hall, and a lighthouse, all powered by solar panels."
},
{
"section_header": "Siege of Rhodes",
"text": "Construction was left to the direction of Chares, a native of Lindos in Rhodes, who had been involved with large-scale statues before."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "According to most contemporary descriptions, the statue itself was about 70 cubits, or 32 metres (105 feet) tall."
},
{
"section_header": "Posture",
"text": "Many researchers have considered alternative positions for the statue which would have made it more feasible for actual construction by the ancients."
},
{
"section_header": "Posture",
"text": "There is also no evidence that the statue held a torch aloft; the records simply say that after completion, the Rhodians kindled the \"torch of freedom\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rhódios Greek: Rhódios Greek: Κολοσσός της Ρόδου, romanized: Kolossós tes Rhódou) was a statue of the Greek sun-god Helios, erected in the city of Rhodes, on the Greek island of the same name, by Chares of Lindos in 280 BC."
}
] |
This was a statue of the goddess Athena.
| 0 | 0 |
Colossus of Rhodes
|
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