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Popular Culture
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Sequels and merchandise",
"text": "Vivendi's Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis (2003) and Telltale Games' Jurassic Park: The Game (2011).All of the Universal Parks & Resorts include a Jurassic Park-themed ride."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Sequels and merchandise",
"text": "A sixth film, Jurassic World: Dominion, will be directed by Trevorrow and is scheduled for release in June 2021.The story of the film was continued in auxiliary media, at times even unattached to the film sequels themselves."
}
] |
BH8AbDzuBhmzFsPo7Kc2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Sequels and merchandise",
"text": "This, in turn, was adapted as the film The Lost World: Jurassic Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Jurassic Park was first released on a Collector's Edition DVD and VHS on October 10, 2000, in both Widescreen (1.85:1) and Full Screen (1.33:1) versions, and as part of a box set with the sequel The Lost World: Jurassic Park and both movies' soundtrack albums."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was followed by four commercially successful sequels: The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997), Jurassic Park III (2001), Jurassic World (2015), and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018), with a fifth sequel, Jurassic World: Dominion, scheduled for a 2021 release."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Sequels and merchandise",
"text": "Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida, has an entire section of the park dedicated to Jurassic Park that includes the main ride, christened \"Jurassic Park River Adventure\", and many smaller rides and attractions based on the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Sequels and merchandise",
"text": "Vivendi's Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis (2003) and Telltale Games' Jurassic Park: The Game (2011).All of the Universal Parks & Resorts include a Jurassic Park-themed ride."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "The following year, the 20th anniversary 3D conversion was issued on Blu-ray 3D.On June 1, 2016, Jurassic Park, along with its sequels The Lost World and Jurassic Park III, were added to the Netflix streaming service."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Sequels and merchandise",
"text": "\" consists mostly of Jurassic Park rides, such as the roller coaster Canopy Flyer and the river rapids Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Sequels and merchandise",
"text": "After the enormous success of the film, Spielberg asked Crichton to write a sequel novel, leading to the 1995 book The Lost World."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "The film, alongside The Lost World, Jurassic Park III and Jurassic World, was released as part of a 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray box set on May 22, 2018, in honor of the original film's 25th anniversary."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Since its release, Jurassic Park has frequently been cited by film critics and industry professionals as one of the greatest movies of the action and thriller genres."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Sequels and merchandise",
"text": "A sixth film, Jurassic World: Dominion, will be directed by Trevorrow and is scheduled for release in June 2021.The story of the film was continued in auxiliary media, at times even unattached to the film sequels themselves."
}
] |
The movie, Jurassic Park, had movie sequels like Lost World and an amusement park ride.
| 4 | 7 |
Jurassic Park (film)
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mahābhārata (US: , UK: ; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈbʱaːɽɐtɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa."
}
] |
BHBcPkavTGs6HML6nuvs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mahābhārata (US: , UK: ; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈbʱaːɽɐtɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure",
"text": "The epic is traditionally ascribed to the sage Vyāsa, who is also a major character in the epic."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Derivative literature",
"text": "Bhasa, the 2nd- or 3rd-century CE Sanskrit playwright, wrote two plays on episodes in the Marabharata, Urubhanga (Broken Thigh), about the fight between Duryodhana and Bhima, while Madhyamavyayoga (The Middle One) set around Bhima and his son, Ghatotkacha."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Indraprastha",
"text": "In popular adaptations, this insult is wrongly attributed to Draupadi, even though in the Sanskrit epic, it was the Pandavas (except Yudhishthira) who had insulted Duryodhana."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The end of the Pandavas",
"text": "One by one the brothers and Draupadi fall on their way."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Translations",
"text": "A project to translate the full epic into English prose, translated by various hands, began to appear in 2005 from the Clay Sanskrit Library, published by New York University Press."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure | Accretion and redaction",
"text": "200 CE).According to what one character says at Mbh."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "The evidence of the Puranas is of two kinds."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure",
"text": "Vyāsa described it as being itihāsa (Sanskrit: इतिहास"
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The older generations",
"text": "Shantanu has two sons by Satyavati, Chitrāngada and Vichitravirya."
}
] |
It is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of Pakistan.
| 1 | 6 |
Mahabharata
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "He switch-hit home runs in a game three times and established a since-broken National League career record for home runs by a switch-hitter (182)."
}
] |
BHI0s650LSuipRfbhOwE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ted Lyle Simmons (born August 9, 1949) is an American former professional baseball player and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "In a 21-year major league career, Simmons played in 2,456 games, accumulating 2,472 hits in 8,680 at bats for a .285 career batting average along with 248 home runs, 1,389 runs batted in and a .348 on-base percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1975, Simmons hit 18 home runs along with 100 RBIs and posted a career-high .332 batting average, finishing second in the National League batting championship behind Bill Madlock."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Simmons continued to produce offensively in 1973 with a .310 batting average, along with 13 home runs and 91 RBIs."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "His batting average fell to .221 in 1984, though Simmons rebounded in 1985 with a .273 average and 76 RBI's, and in March 1986 he was traded to the Atlanta Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1971, the Cardinals converted Torre into a third baseman and Simmons took over as their starting catcher, posting a .304 batting average with seven home runs and 77 RBIs."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Simmons had one more good year in 1983 when he hit for a .308 batting average with 13 home runs and 108 RBIs and earned his eighth and final All-Star berth."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1968, he played for the Modesto Reds of the Class A California League, where he batted .331, with 28 home runs and 117 runs batted in (RBIs) in 136 games played."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "An eight-time All-Star, he batted above .300 seven times, reached 20 home runs six times, and eight times exceeded 90 runs batted in."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While he did not possess Bench's power hitting ability, he hit for a higher batting average."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "He switch-hit home runs in a game three times and established a since-broken National League career record for home runs by a switch-hitter (182)."
}
] |
Ted Simmons bats as a rightie.
| 0 | 0 |
Ted Simmons
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Imitation Game is a 2014 American historical drama film directed by Morten Tyldum and written by Graham Moore, based on the 1983 biography Alan Turing: The Enigma by Andrew Hodges."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It also received nine BAFTA nominations and won the People's Choice Award at the 39th Toronto International Film Festival."
}
] |
BHP7F0es4u2kq4Lm7w2n
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Accolades",
"text": "The Imitation Game was nominated for, and received, numerous awards, with Cumberbatch's portrayal of Turing particularly praised."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It also received nine BAFTA nominations and won the People's Choice Award at the 39th Toronto International Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "The bombe re-created by the filmmakers has been on display in a special The Imitation Game exhibition at Bletchley Park since November 10, 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Imitation Game grossed over $233 million worldwide on a $14 million production budget, making it the highest-grossing independent film of 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Imitation Game grossed $91.1 million in North America and $142.4 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $233.5 million, against a budget of $14 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It received eight nominations at the 87th Academy Awards, winning for Best Adapted Screenplay, five nominations in the 72nd Golden Globe Awards, and three nominations at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "The Imitation Game was released on March 31, 2015 in the United States in two formats: a one-disc standard DVD and a Blu-ray with a digital copy of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades",
"text": "\"We are proud to honor the stars and filmmakers of The Imitation Game for bringing the captivating yet tragic story of Alan Turing to the big screen\", HRC president Chad Griffin said in a statement."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Imitation Game is a 2014 American historical drama film directed by Morten Tyldum and written by Graham Moore, based on the 1983 biography Alan Turing: The Enigma by Andrew Hodges."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "British historian Alex von Tunzelmann, writing for The Guardian in November 2014, pointed out many historical inaccuracies in the film, saying in conclusion: \"Historically, The Imitation Game is as much of a garbled mess as a heap of unbroken code\"."
}
] |
The Imitation Game has been nominated for the BAFTA more than 9 times.
| 2 | 3 |
The Imitation Game
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "According to Ginsberg's bibliographer and archivist Bill Morgan, it was a terrifying peyote vision that was the principal inspiration for Howl."
}
] |
BHSo8V4kqxhMliJpm6zg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Howl\", also known as \"Howl for Carl Solomon\", is a poem written by Allen Ginsberg in 1954–1955 and published in his 1956 collection Howl and Other Poems."
},
{
"section_header": "1957 obscenity trial",
"text": "James Franco stars as the young Allen Ginsberg and Andrew Rogers portrays Ferlinghetti."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance and publication",
"text": "\"At first, Ginsberg refused. But once he'd written a rough draft of Howl, he changed his 'fucking mind', as he put it.\" Further evidence that this was not performance art but poetry—a written piece that Ginsberg would not and has not ever described as anything but a poem not a performance piece."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "Ginsberg took this advice and attempted to write a poem with no restrictions."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "Poets do it all the time. \" The Dedication by Ginsberg states he took the title from Kerouac."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "As was his wont, Ginsberg took notes on his vision, and these became the basis for Part II of the poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview and structure | Part I",
"text": "In \"Notes Written on Finally Recording Howl,\" Ginsberg writes, \"I depended on the word 'who' to keep the beat, a base to keep measure, return to and take off from again onto another streak of invention\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is not true that \"Howl\" was written as a performance piece and later published by poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti of City Lights Books."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance and publication",
"text": "Thus the final collection contained several other poems written at that time; with these poems, Ginsberg continued the experimentation with long lines and a fixed base he'd discovered with the composition of \"Howl\" and these poems have likewise become some of Ginsberg's most famous: \"America\", \"Sunflower Sutra\", \"A Supermarket in California\", etc."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "Ginsberg began the poem in the stepped triadic form he took from Williams but, in the middle of typing the poem, his style altered such that his own unique form (a long line based on breath organized by a fixed base) began to emerge."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "According to Ginsberg's bibliographer and archivist Bill Morgan, it was a terrifying peyote vision that was the principal inspiration for Howl."
}
] |
The Howl was written by Allen Ginsberg after he took hallucinogens.
| 0 | 0 |
Howl
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Memory and historiography | Historians' views",
"text": "Americans were happy because they thought they had won: Canadians were happy because they knew they had won; and the British were happiest of all because they quickly forgot about the war."
}
] |
BIYegjspw6raKZKyJMYR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A popular view is that \"[e]verybody's happy with the outcome of the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Memory and historiography | Historians' views",
"text": "According to Donald Hickey, a popular interpretation is that \"everyone was happy with the outcome."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While the war ended in a draw, both sides were happy with the outcome that saw the war ending and indigenous nations are generally seen among historians as the real losers."
},
{
"section_header": "Course of war | Atlantic theater | Single-ship actions",
"text": "British citizens reacted with celebration and relief that the run of American victories had ended."
},
{
"section_header": "Memory and historiography | Historians' views",
"text": "Americans were happy because they thought they had won: Canadians were happy because they knew they had won; and the British were happiest of all because they quickly forgot about the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Memory and historiography | Historians' views",
"text": "As the war does not have a clear winner, with both sides claiming victory, historians disagree on who won the War of 1812 and have debated its outcome for nearly two centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Memory and historiography | Canadian views",
"text": "In Upper Canada, the War of 1812 was seen by Loyalists as a victory since they had successfully defended their country from an American takeover."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Federalist opposition to the War of 1812 in the United States affected its prosecution, especially in New England, where it was referred to as \"Mr. Madison's War\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Americans are happy because they think they won, the Canadians are happy because they know they won and avoided being swallowed up by the United States, and the British are happiest because they've forgotten all about it\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Course of war | Great Lakes and Western Territories | Invasions of Upper and Lower Canada, 1812",
"text": "The proclamation said that Hull wanted to free them from the \"tyranny\" of Great Britain, giving them the liberty, security, and wealth which his own country enjoyed—unless they preferred \"war, slavery and destruction\"."
}
] |
The War of 1812 has a running joke that every country that participated in the war were happy with the outcome of the war especially the British.
| 0 | 0 |
War of 1812
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the best-selling music groups of the 1960s, their biggest hits—including \"The Sound of Silence\" (1965), \"Mrs. Robinson\" (1968),"
}
] |
BIg6uG1lt4MOeoRgF18Y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Simon & Garfunkel were an American folk-rock duo consisting of singer-songwriter Paul Simon and singer Art Garfunkel."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years (1953–56)",
"text": "Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel grew up in the 1940s and 1950s in their predominantly Jewish neighborhood of Kew Gardens Hills in Queens, New York, three blocks away from one another."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Simon in England (1964–65)",
"text": "Simon recorded his first solo album, The Paul Simon Songbook, in June 1965, featuring future Simon & Garfunkel staples including"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the best-selling music groups of the 1960s, their biggest hits—including \"The Sound of Silence\" (1965), \"Mrs. Robinson\" (1968),"
},
{
"section_header": "History | From Tom & Jerry and early recordings (1957–64)",
"text": "Prosen promoted the group heavily, getting them a headlining spot on Dick Clark's American Bandstand alongside Jerry Lee Lewis."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and legacy",
"text": "Simon & Garfunkel received criticism at the height of their success."
},
{
"section_header": "History | From Tom & Jerry and early recordings (1957–64)",
"text": "After graduating in 1963, Simon joined Garfunkel, who was still at Columbia University, to perform again as a duo, this time with a shared interest in folk music."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and legacy",
"text": "Paul Simon's articulate songwriting\", they were more conservative than the folk music revivalists of Greenwich Village."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Simon in England (1964–65)",
"text": "A small music publishing company, Lorna Music, licensed \"Carlos Dominguez\", a single Simon had recorded two years prior as Paul Kane, for a cover by Val Doonican that sold well."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Awards and final tour (1990–2018)",
"text": "In 2005, Simon and Garfunkel performed three songs for a Hurricane Katrina benefit concert in Madison Square Garden, including a performance with singer Aaron Neville."
}
] |
Simon & Garfunkel were an American folk-rock duo consisting of singer-songwriter Paul Simon and singer Art Garfunkel and was one of the best-selling music groups of the 1980s.
| 0 | 0 |
Simon & Garfunkel
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Return to baseball",
"text": "Greenberg remained in military uniform until he was placed on the military inactive list and discharged from the U.S. Army on June 14, 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He had 47 months of military service including service in World War II, all of which took place during what would have been prime years in his major league career."
}
] |
BJEH9wefob3rrbyMnnIV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Final seasons",
"text": "Greenberg would likely have approached 500 home runs and 1,800 RBIs had he not served in the military."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His career statistics would have certainly been higher had he not served in the armed services during wartime."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He had 47 months of military service including service in World War II, all of which took place during what would have been prime years in his major league career."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Return to baseball",
"text": "Greenberg remained in military uniform until he was placed on the military inactive list and discharged from the U.S. Army on June 14, 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | World War II service",
"text": "Greenberg served 47 months, the longest of any major league player."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | World War II service",
"text": "On April 18, he was found fit for regular military service and was reclassified."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Early years",
"text": "In the bottom of the 6th inning, Greenberg and Lou Finney were sent into the game to replace right fielder Charlie Keller and left fielder Ted Williams with Greenberg playing in left field and Finney in right field."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | World War II service",
"text": "In the spring of 1941, the Detroit draft board initially classified Greenberg as 4F for \"flat feet\" after his first physical for military service and was recommended for light duty."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Management and ownership",
"text": "In 1959, Greenberg and Veeck teamed up for a second time when their syndicate purchased the Chicago White Sox; Veeck served as team president with Greenberg as vice president and general manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | World War II service",
"text": "The rumors that he had bribed the board, and concern that he would be likened to Jack Dempsey who had received negative publicity for failure to serve in World War I, led Greenberg to request to be reexamined."
}
] |
Greenberg interrupted his career to serve in the military.
| 1 | 6 |
Hank Greenberg
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gordon Stanley \"Mickey\" Cochrane (April 6, 1903 – June 28, 1962), nicknamed \"Black Mike\", was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach."
}
] |
BJriWOCd8qsJ26h6PguY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "A deal to send Cochrane to Detroit was quickly arranged, and Navin immediately named him player-manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gordon Stanley \"Mickey\" Cochrane (April 6, 1903 – June 28, 1962), nicknamed \"Black Mike\", was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Yankee Hall of Fame slugger Mickey Mantle was named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Navin had originally hoped to acquire Babe Ruth and name him player-manager, but after those talks fizzled, he turned to the A's."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cochrane died of cancer in 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Cochrane was born in Bridgewater, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Cochrane had homered in his previous at-bat that day."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Hospitalized for seven days, Cochrane nearly died from the injury."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cochrane was born in Massachusetts and was a multi-sport athlete at Boston University."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Cochrane returned to the dugout to continue managing the Tigers but had lost his competitive fire."
}
] |
Mickey's real name is Michael Stanley Cochrane.
| 1 | 8 |
Mickey Cochrane
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The German conquest of France and the unification of Germany upset the European balance of power that had existed since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and Bismarck maintained great authority in international affairs for two decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "French determination to regain Alsace-Lorraine and fear of another Franco-German war, along with British apprehension about the balance of power, became factors in the causes of World War I."
}
] |
BKOpoxpxuBaV34PF0vOO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Causes",
"text": "On 19 July 1870, the French sent a declaration of war to the Prussian government."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "French determination to regain Alsace-Lorraine and fear of another Franco-German war, along with British apprehension about the balance of power, became factors in the causes of World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Causes",
"text": "The causes of the Franco-Prussian War are strongly rooted in the events surrounding the unification of Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Causes",
"text": "Many in his court, such as Empress Eugénie, also wanted a victorious war to resolve growing domestic political problems, restore France as the undisputed leading power in Europe, and ensure the long-term survival of the House of Bonaparte."
},
{
"section_header": "Causes",
"text": "The immediate cause of the war resided in the candidacy of Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a Prussian prince, to the throne of Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "War of the Government of National Defence | Government of National Defence",
"text": "Bismarck's demand that France surrender sovereignty over Alsace caused a dramatic shift in that sentiment in Italy, which was best exemplified by the reaction of Garibaldi soon after the revolution in Paris, who told the Movimento of Genoa on 7 September 1870 that \"Yesterday I said to you: war to the death to Bonaparte."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent events | French reaction and Revanchism",
"text": "This was particularly manifested in the desire for another war with Germany in order to reclaim Alsace and Lorraine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "France mobilised its army on 15 July 1870, leading the North German Confederation to respond with its own mobilisation later that day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On 16 July 1870, the French parliament voted to declare war on Prussia, and the declaration of war was delivered to Prussia three days later."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lasting from 19 July 1870 to 28 January 1871, the conflict was caused primarily by France's determination to restore its dominant position in Europe, which it had lost following Prussia's crushing victory over Austria in 1866."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The German conquest of France and the unification of Germany upset the European balance of power that had existed since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and Bismarck maintained great authority in international affairs for two decades."
}
] |
Franco-Prussian War or the War of 1870 was another war that the French lost and was a leading cause of WWI.
| 1 | 1 |
Franco-Prussian War
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1829, gold was discovered in the North Georgia mountains leading to the Georgia Gold Rush and establishment of a federal mint in Dahlonega, which continued in operation until 1861."
}
] |
BLjiauIvnYfCkZe4Vcvp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Mining",
"text": "Major products in the mineral industry include a variety of clays, stones, sands and the clay palygorskite, known as attapulgite."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The state's northernmost regions include the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the larger Appalachian Mountain system."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "In the Atlanta area, World of Coke, Georgia Aquarium, Zoo Atlanta and Stone Mountain are important tourist attractions."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "With a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean, Georgia is also vulnerable to hurricanes, although direct hurricane strikes were rare during the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1829, gold was discovered in the North Georgia mountains leading to the Georgia Gold Rush and establishment of a federal mint in Dahlonega, which continued in operation until 1861."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Major battles took place at Chickamauga, Kennesaw Mountain, and Atlanta."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Elections",
"text": "Many of these areas were represented by conservative Democrats in the state legislature well into the 21st century."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Flora",
"text": "Yellow jasmine and mountain laurel make up just a few of the flowering shrubs in the state."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "Stone Mountain is Georgia's \"most popular attraction\"; receiving more than four million tourists per year."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "The entire state, including the North Georgia mountains, receives moderate to heavy precipitation, which varies from 45 inches (1143 mm) in central Georgia to approximately 75 inches (1905 mm) around the northeast part of the state."
}
] |
In the 19th century, silver was mined in the mountains of Georgia.
| 0 | 0 |
Georgia (U.S. state)
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "One day, Ashoka saw a young Buddhist monk called Nigrodha (or Nyagrodha), who was looking for alms on a road in Pataliputra."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "A story in Divyavadana attributes Ashoka's conversion to the Buddhist monk Samudra, who was an ex-merchant from Shravasti."
}
] |
BLv5Ua30w6V0a6JLszeK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "Different sources give different accounts of Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism",
"text": "However, even if Ashoka converted to Buddhism after the war, epigraphic evidence suggests that his conversion was a gradual process rather than a dramatic event."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism",
"text": ": the destruction caused during the war made him repent violence, and in the subsequent years, he was drawn towards Buddhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "A story in Divyavadana attributes Ashoka's conversion to the Buddhist monk Samudra, who was an ex-merchant from Shravasti."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism",
"text": "Based on Sri Lankan tradition, some scholars – such as Eggermont – believe that Ashoka converted to Buddhism before the Kalinga war."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "The legend suggests that Ashoka was not attracted to Buddhism because he was looking for such a faith, rather, for a competent spiritual teacher."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism",
"text": "Some earlier writers believed that Ashoka dramatically converted to Buddhism after seeing the suffering caused by the war, since his Major Rock Edict 13 states that he became closer to the dhamma after the annexation of Kalinga."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism",
"text": "On the other hand, the Sri Lankan tradition suggests that Ashoka was already a devoted Buddhist by his 8th regnal year, having converted to Buddhism during his 4th regnal year, and having constructed 84,000 viharas during his 5th–7th regnal years."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "Another story claims that the young boy ate 500 Brahmanas who were harassing Ashoka for being interested in Buddhism; these Brahmanas later miraculously turned into Buddhist bhikkus at the Kukkutarama monastery, where Ashoka paid a visit."
},
{
"section_header": "As a prince | Governor of Ujjain",
"text": "The Buddhist texts allude to her being a Buddhist in her later years, but do not describe her conversion to Buddhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "One day, Ashoka saw a young Buddhist monk called Nigrodha (or Nyagrodha), who was looking for alms on a road in Pataliputra."
}
] |
Asoka was a protege of Mahatma Ghandi after his conversion to Buddhism.
| 0 | 1 |
Asoka
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Synopsis",
"text": "Troilus and Cressida is set during the later years of the Trojan War, faithfully following the plotline of the Iliad from Achilles' refusal to participate in battle, to Hector's death."
}
] |
BM3nWdlWMI9Dk9w496Bo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Synopsis",
"text": "They profess their undying love, before Cressida is exchanged for a Trojan prisoner of war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Troilus and Cressida () is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1602."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Synopsis",
"text": "Troilus and Cressida is set during the later years of the Trojan War, faithfully following the plotline of the Iliad from Achilles' refusal to participate in battle, to Hector's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Synopsis",
"text": "In one, Troilus, a Trojan prince (son of Priam), woos Cressida, another Trojan."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The Famous Historie of Troylus and Cresseid, but the First Folio classed it with the tragedies, under the title The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "... This is tragedy of a special sort – the \"tragedy\" the basis of which is the impossibility of conventional tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play ends on a very bleak note with the death of the noble Trojan Hector and destruction of the love between Troilus and Cressida."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act 1 | Scene 2",
"text": "Cressida is joined by Pandarus, and they discuss the Trojan princes, with Pandarus taking the unlikely position that Troilus is a greater man than Hector."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act 1 | Scene 1",
"text": "The play opens with a Prologue, an actor dressed as a soldier, who gives us the background to the plot, which takes place during the Trojan War."
},
{
"section_header": "Genre identification problems",
"text": "Positioned between the Histories and the Tragedies in the First Folio, it resembles tragedy despite the lack of typical tragic plot structure."
}
] |
Troilus and Cressida is a tragedy and is about the Trojan War.
| 0 | 0 |
Troilus and Cressida
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam."
}
] |
BMFLdtXU10ddYAFK55vr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "The Rockefeller Museum, located in East Jerusalem, was the first archaeological museum in the Middle East."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": ", In 2010, Jerusalem was named the top leisure travel city in Africa and the Middle East by Travel + Leisure magazine."
},
{
"section_header": "Municipal administration",
"text": "In East Jerusalem, 52% of the land is excluded from development, 35% designated for Jewish settlements, and 13% for Palestinian use, almost all of which is already built on."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious significance",
"text": "The land occupied by the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is considered one of the top candidates for Golgotha and thus has been a Christian pilgrimage site for the past 2000 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Political status | Status under Israeli rule",
"text": "A poll conducted by Palestinian Center for Public Opinion and American Pechter Middle East Polls for the Council on Foreign Relations, among East Jerusalem Arab residents in 2011 revealed that 39% of East Jerusalem Arab residents would prefer Israeli citizenship contrary to 31% who opted for Palestinian citizenship."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "The Edward Said National Conservatory of Music sponsors the Palestine Youth Orchestra which toured Arab states of the Persian Gulf and other Middle East countries in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Divided city: Jordanian and Israeli rule (1948–1967)",
"text": "After 1948, since the old walled city in its entirety was to the east of the armistice line, Jordan was able to take control of all the holy places therein."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jerusalem (; Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushaláyim; Arabic: القُدس al-Quds or Bayt al-Maqdis, also spelled Baitul Muqaddas) is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious significance",
"text": "Synagogues around the world are traditionally built with the Holy Ark facing Jerusalem, and Arks within Jerusalem face the Holy of Holies."
},
{
"section_header": "Names: history and etymology | Arabic names",
"text": "In Arabic, Jerusalem is most commonly known as القُدس, transliterated as al-Quds and meaning \"The Holy\" or \"The Holy Sanctuary\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam."
}
] |
Jerusalem is a holy land in the Middle East.
| 0 | 0 |
Jerusalem
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Charles \"Whitey\" Ford (born October 21, 1928), nicknamed \"The Chairman of the Board\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played his entire 16-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the New York Yankees."
}
] |
BN60RUsusV72sdMCeYQe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "Ford was signed by the New York Yankees as an amateur free agent in 1947, and played his entire career with them."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Charles \"Whitey\" Ford (born October 21, 1928), nicknamed \"The Chairman of the Board\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played his entire 16-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "They had two sons and a daughter together."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Career statistics",
"text": "Ford won 236 games for New York (career 236–106), still a franchise record."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | World Series and All-Star Games",
"text": "Ford was New York's Game One pitcher in 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1961, 1962, 1963, and 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "At age 5, moved to the Astoria (34th Avenue) neighborhood of Queens in New York City, a few miles from the Triborough Bridge to Yankee Stadium in the Bronx."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "On September 21, 2008 Ford and Yogi Berra were guests of the broadcast team for the final game played at Yankee Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "In 2002, Ford opened \"Whitey Ford's Cafe\", a sports-themed restaurant and bar next to Roosevelt Field Mall in Garden City, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "The main dining area housed a panoramic display of Yankee Stadium from the 1950s, specifically a Chicago White Sox–Yankee game with Ford pitching and Mickey Mantle in center field; the Yanks are up 2-0."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Career statistics",
"text": "During the 16 years that Ford played for the Yankees (1950 and 1953–1967), his .690 winning percentage outpaced that of the Yankees, who had a record of 1,486–1,027 (.594) during the same years, and who were 1,027–106 (.576) for games in which Ford did not earn a decision."
}
] |
Ford played his entire MLB career with the New York Yankees and had 2 sons and one daughter.
| 0 | 2 |
Whitey Ford
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is a 2017 black comedy drama film written, directed, and produced by Martin McDonagh and starring Frances McDormand as a Missouri woman who rents three billboards to call attention to her daughter's unsolved rape and murder."
}
] |
BNR43xhBjLn0027egucl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "This incident, combined with his desire to create strong female characters, inspired him to write the story for Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri premiered in competition at the 74th Venice International Film Festival on September 4, 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing,"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri grossed $54.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $104.7 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $159.2 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is a 2017 black comedy drama film written, directed, and produced by Martin McDonagh and starring Frances McDormand as a Missouri woman who rents three billboards to call attention to her daughter's unsolved rape and murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the (fictional) town of Ebbing, Missouri, Mildred Hayes is grieving over the rape and murder of her teenage daughter, Angela, several months earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "In The Daily Beast, blogger Ira Madison III called the treatment of Rockwell's character \"altogether offensive... McDonagh's attempts to script the black experience in America are often fumbling and backward and full of outdated tropes.\" Alyssa Rosenberg noted in The Washington Post that \"[Dixon's] redemption doesn't merely defang his previous venomous bigotry; it softens Mildred's character development.\" At the 75th Golden Globe Awards, Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri won for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Actress – Drama (McDormand),"
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "Outside Bristol city centre in England on February 3, 2018, a mural was erected depicting three billboards reading 'Our NHS is dying', 'And still no more funding', and 'How come, Mrs May'."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Dixon escapes with Angela's case file but suffers severe burns."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The open secret that Bill suffers from terminal pancreatic cancer adds to everyone's disapproval."
}
] |
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is about a mom suffering the tragic loss of her daughter.
| 0 | 0 |
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri
|
NOCAT
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In his book Crazy Talk, Stupid Talk, Neil Postman states that \"the key to all fanatical beliefs is that they are self-confirming.... (some beliefs are) fanatical not because they are 'false', but because they are expressed in such a way that they can never be shown to be false."
}
] |
BOD3bX70U0rq1KnlVjxC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Religious fanaticism is defined by blind faith, the persecution of dissents and the absence of reality."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tõnu Lehtsaar has defined the term fanaticism as the pursuit or defence of something in an extreme and passionate way that goes beyond normality."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In his book Crazy Talk, Stupid Talk, Neil Postman states that \"the key to all fanatical beliefs is that they are self-confirming.... (some beliefs are) fanatical not because they are 'false', but because they are expressed in such a way that they can never be shown to be false."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The fanatic displays very strict standards and little tolerance for contrary ideas or opinions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The behavior of a fan with overwhelming enthusiasm for a given subject is differentiated from the behavior of a fanatic by the fanatic's violation of prevailing social norms."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fanaticism (from the Latin adverb fānāticē (fren-fānāticus; enthusiastic, ecstatic; raging, fanatical, furious)) is a belief or behavior involving uncritical zeal or with an obsessive enthusiasm."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A fanatic differs from a crank, in that a crank is defined as a person who holds a position or opinion which is so far from the norm as to appear ludicrous and/or probably wrong, such as a belief in a Flat Earth."
}
] |
Fanatics are people who staunchly believe in something, usually a faith, thought, or ideal, even when there is conflicting evidence.
| 0 | 1 |
Fanatics
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "When principal photography began in August 1979 the original intention was for a 15- to 16-week shoot, but it ultimately took one year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Beatty, Keaton, Nicholson, and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress, respectively."
}
] |
BOl9JwN6roT8qZVcZhqd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Beatty, Keaton, Nicholson, and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "I thought [Beatty] was trying to break her into what Louise Bryant had been like with John Reed.\" Executive producer Simon Relph adds, \"It must have been a strain on their relationship because he was completely obsessive, relentless.\" The editing process began in early 1980, with as many as 65 people working on editing down and going over approximately 2.5 million feet of film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Paul Sorvino said he did as many as 70 takes for one scene; Stapleton had to do 80 takes of one scene, which caused her to say to Beatty, \"Are you out of your fucking mind?\"Beatty and Keaton's romantic relationship also began to deteriorate during filming."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "It is always a dicey proposition when an actress works with a star or director—both, in this case—with whom she has an offscreen relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Peter Biskind wrote about the making of Reds, \"Beatty's relationship with Keaton barely survived the shoot."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Financing",
"text": "Beatty achieved tremendous success with 1978's Heaven Can Wait, which he produced, starred in, co-wrote and co-directed for Paramount Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Keaton appeared in more scenes than any other actor save Beatty, and many of them were difficult ones, where she had to assay a wide range of feelings, from romantic passion to anger, and deliver several lengthy, complex, emotional speeches.\" George Plimpton once observed, \"Diane almost got broken."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "In 1976, Beatty found a suitable collaborator in Trevor Griffiths who began work but was delayed when his wife died in a plane crash."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "When principal photography began in August 1979 the original intention was for a 15- to 16-week shoot, but it ultimately took one year."
}
] |
The film stars Beatty, Keaton and Nicholson and filming began in 1980.
| 1 | 3 |
Reds (film)
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Acquisitions | Skype",
"text": "This eventually led to the sale of the entire Skype business to Microsoft for $8.5 billion in May 2011."
}
] |
BOtg7yCTaEQCZaJvFJCi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2000s",
"text": "In late 2009 eBay completed the sale of Skype for $2.75 billion, but still owned 30% equity in the company."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Acquisitions | Skype",
"text": "eBay spokesman Michael Jacobson stated \"We are very pleased that the court gave eBay what it sought from the lawsuit.\" In October 2005, eBay Inc. acquired Skype Technologies, developer of the Skype VoIP and Instant messaging service, significantly expanding its customer base to more than 480 million registered users worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "eBay previously offered online money transfers as part of its services (via PayPal, which was a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay from 2002 to 2015)."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Acquisitions | Skype",
"text": "eBay later sold a majority stake in Skype in November 2009, while retaining a minority investment."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Acquisitions | Skype",
"text": "This eventually led to the sale of the entire Skype business to Microsoft for $8.5 billion in May 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for data analysis | Items",
"text": "Generally, anything can be auctioned on the site as long as it is not illegal and does not violate the eBay Prohibited and Restricted Items policy."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Acquisitions | PayPal",
"text": "On October 3, 2002, PayPal became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Acquisitions | StubHub",
"text": "Ticketmaster filed a lawsuit against StubHub and eBay in 2007, alleging \"intentional interference\" with Ticketmaster's contractual rights."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2010s",
"text": "As part of the partnership, Flipkart decided to use the eBay's platform for global outsourcing."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1990s",
"text": "The AuctionWeb was founded in California on September 3, 1995, by French-born Iranian-American computer programmer Pierre Omidyar as part of a larger personal site."
}
] |
EBay still owns a part of Skype after a long lawsuit.
| 1 | 4 |
eBay
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lodge was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1886 before joining the United States Senate in 1893."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He remained in the Senate until his death in 1924."
}
] |
BPsIrZxAXpDGLW0UbxT9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political career | League of Nations",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., Lodge's grandson, served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations from 1953 to 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Lodge served on the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution for many years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 – November 9, 1924) was an American Republican senator and historian from Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Charles Scribner's Sons. Roosevelt, Theodore, and Henry Cabot Lodge."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Little, Brown. 1880. Ballads and Lyrics, Selected and Arranged by Henry Cabot Lodge."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Selections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, 1884–1918 (2 vol."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "George's sons, Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (1902–1985) and John Davis Lodge (1903–1985), also became politicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Historian George E. Mowry argues that: Henry Cabot Lodge was one of the best informed statesmen of his time, he was an excellent parliamentarian, and he brought to bear on foreign questions a mind that was at once razor sharp and devoid of much of the moral"
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | World War I",
"text": "\"He served as chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee (1919–1924)."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | World War I",
"text": "He also served as chairman of the Senate Republican Conference from 1918 to 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lodge was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1886 before joining the United States Senate in 1893."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He remained in the Senate until his death in 1924."
}
] |
Henry Cabot Lodge served in the U.S. Senate for thirty one years.
| 1 | 5 |
Henry Cabot Lodge
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Electrodynamic fields",
"text": "Electrodynamic fields are electric fields which do change with time, for instance when charges are in motion."
}
] |
BPtK0pynqEE2tKY9aAYd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Electrostatic fields",
"text": "Electrostatic fields are electric fields which do not change with time, which happens when charges and currents are stationary."
},
{
"section_header": "Electrodynamic fields",
"text": "Electrodynamic fields are electric fields which do change with time, for instance when charges are in motion."
},
{
"section_header": "Electrostatic fields",
"text": "In that case, Coulomb's law fully describes the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Further extensions | Definitive equation of vector fields",
"text": "The physical interpretation of D is not as clear as E (effectively the field applied to the material) or P (induced field due to the dipoles in the material), but still serves as a convenient mathematical simplification, since Maxwell's equations can be simplified in terms of free charges and currents."
},
{
"section_header": "Superposition principle",
"text": "{2},...\\mathbf {r} _{n}} , in the absence of currents, the superposition principle proves that the resulting field is the sum of fields generated by each particle as described by Coulomb's law: E ( r ) ="
},
{
"section_header": "Electrostatic fields | Uniform fields",
"text": "A uniform field is one in which the electric field is constant at every point."
},
{
"section_header": "Electrostatic fields | Parallels between electrostatic and gravitational fields",
"text": "This suggests similarities between the electric field E and the gravitational field g, or their associated potentials."
},
{
"section_header": "Electrostatic fields | Uniform fields",
"text": "Assuming infinite planes, the magnitude of the electric field E is: E"
},
{
"section_header": "Electrostatic fields | Electric potential",
"text": "If a system is static, such that magnetic fields are not time-varying, then by Faraday's law, the electric field is curl-free."
},
{
"section_header": "Electrostatic fields | Uniform fields",
"text": "It can be approximated by placing two conducting plates parallel to each other and maintaining a voltage (potential difference) between them; it is only an approximation because of boundary effects (near the edge of the planes, electric field is distorted because the plane does not continue)."
}
] |
Electrostatic fields are always changing even when the currents are not moving.
| 2 | 4 |
Electric field
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "He played for Cleveland for over ten years, and remains the all-time Indians leader in total bases, runs batted in, runs, and triples."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "In a 13-year career, Averill was in 1669 games played, compiling a .318 batting average (2019-6353) with 1224 runs scored, 401 doubles, 128 triples, 238 home runs, 1164 RBI and 774 bases on balls."
}
] |
BQQzq72ZzgeuSuQ5Hztc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "He wound down his pro career in the Pacific Coast League with the Seattle Rainiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "He played for Cleveland for over ten years, and remains the all-time Indians leader in total bases, runs batted in, runs, and triples."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howard Earl Averill (May 21, 1902 – August 16, 1983) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "After baseball",
"text": "His son, Earl D. Averill, also played in the majors from 1956 through 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "After baseball",
"text": "\" Averill was inducted in 1975, eight years before his passing."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "His nickname was \"The Earl of Snohomish\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "In a 13-year career, Averill was in 1669 games played, compiling a .318 batting average (2019-6353) with 1224 runs scored, 401 doubles, 128 triples, 238 home runs, 1164 RBI and 774 bases on balls."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "Averill was the first Major League player to hit four home runs in a doubleheader (three home runs in first game, one in second game) on September 17, 1930; he was also one of the first players to hit a home run in his first Major League at-bat (April 16, 1929, opening day)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "Averill batted .378 in 1936, leading the American League in hits with 232, but finishing second to Luke Appling in the batting race (Appling batted .388 for the White Sox)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "In the seven-game series against the Cincinnati Reds, the 38-year-old Averill went 0-for-3 in three pinch-hit attempts."
}
] |
American baseball player Earl Averill played for Seattle Rainiers for over ten years in the Pacific Coast League.
| 0 | 0 |
Earl Averill
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harold Douglas Baines (born March 15, 1959) is an American former professional baseball right fielder and designated hitter (DH), who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago White Sox, Texas Rangers, Oakland Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, and Cleveland Indians, for 22 seasons (1980–2001)."
}
] |
BQxYeOXYjfogYhiQ9Tjw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "The owner of the White Sox at the time, Bill Veeck, had spotted Baines playing Little League ball years before at the age of 12."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Baines's hometown of St. Michaels has designated January 9 as Harold Baines Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He has also created the Harold Baines Scholarship Fund to help deserving college-bound students."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Baines is married to Marla Henry and has four children: Toni, Britni, Harold, Jr., and Courtney."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career",
"text": "\" Baines ended the longest game in major league history (eight hours and six minutes over 25 innings on successive evenings) with a walk-off home run against the Milwaukee Brewers' Chuck Porter on May 8, 1984; the bat he used is currently kept at the Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Harold, Jr. went to McDaniel College which is NCAA Division III in athletics and formerly known as Western Maryland College, located in Westminster, Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harold Douglas Baines (born March 15, 1959) is an American former professional baseball right fielder and designated hitter (DH), who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago White Sox, Texas Rangers, Oakland Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, and Cleveland Indians, for 22 seasons (1980–2001)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Baines was born in Easton, Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career",
"text": "Baines represented the Orioles in the 1999"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baines batted and threw left-handed."
}
] |
Harold Baines is a sports man that specializes in trying to throw the ball past the guy with the stick.
| 0 | 0 |
Harold Baines
|
Science
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, being only larger than Mercury."
}
] |
BRhQbdvMzwATXJocFLfg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Climate",
"text": "These can vary from a storm over a small area, to gigantic storms that cover the entire planet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and highest known mountain on any planet in the Solar System and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "In culture | Intelligent \"Martians\"",
"text": "Although I could not decipher their meaning, it was impossible for me to think of them as having been entirely accidental."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Geography and naming of surface features",
"text": "The largest dark feature seen from Earth is Syrtis Major Planum."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Hydrology",
"text": "It is estimated that the amount of water in the upper mantle of Mars, represented by hydroxyl ions contained within the minerals of Mars's geology, is equal to or greater than that of Earth at 50–300 parts per million of water, which is enough to cover the entire planet to a depth of 200–1,000 metres ("
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Geography and naming of surface features | Impact topography",
"text": "The largest confirmed of these is the Hellas impact basin, a light albedo feature clearly visible from Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Hydrology",
"text": "The volume of water ice in the south polar ice cap, if melted, would be sufficient to cover the entire planetary surface to a depth of 11 metres (36 ft)."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical observations | Martian \"canals\"",
"text": "The canali were independently found by other astronomers, like Henri Joseph Perrotin and Louis Thollon in Nice, using one of the largest telescopes of that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Climate",
"text": "The summer temperatures in the south can be warmer than the equivalent summer temperatures in the north by up to 30 °C (54 °F).Mars has the largest dust storms in the Solar System, reaching speeds of over 160 km/h (100 mph)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, being only larger than Mercury."
}
] |
This is the 4th largest planet in the entire galaxy.
| 2 | 8 |
Mars
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He won 24 consecutive games between 1936 (16) & 1937 (8), the longest such streak ever recorded in major league history."
}
] |
BSXkShiD1puz7w3vwKPm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "In the 1933 Series, he won two complete game victories, including an 11-inning 2–1 triumph in Game Four (the run was unearned)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He won 24 consecutive games between 1936 (16) & 1937 (8), the longest such streak ever recorded in major league history."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He compiled a streak of 461⁄3 scoreless innings and four shutouts in 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "All-Star Game record",
"text": "In 1984, the 50th anniversary of this legendary performance, Hubbell was on hand for the 1984 All-Star Game at San Francisco's Candlestick Park to throw out the first pitch, which was a screwball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During 1936 and 1937, Hubbell set the major league record for consecutive wins by a pitcher with 24."
},
{
"section_header": "All-Star Game record",
"text": "In the 1934 All Star Game played at the Polo Grounds, Hubbell produced one of Baseball's most memorable moments by striking out five future Hall of Famers in succession: Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Jimmie Foxx, Al Simmons and Joe Cronin."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "With a slow delivery of his screwball, Hubbell recorded five consecutive 20-win seasons for the Giants (1933–37) and helped his team to three NL pennants and the 1933 World Series title."
},
{
"section_header": "All-Star Game record",
"text": "This, in an era where the strikeout was far less common than today, regarded as an undesirable outcome, not merely an acceptable byproduct of swinging for the fences."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "At the time of his death, he was one of the last New York Giants still active in some capacity in baseball, and the last player from the McGraw era who was still active in the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "His break came that June, when Giants scout Dick Kinsella decided to take in a game between Hubbell's Exporters and the Houston Buffs while in Houston for the 1928 Democratic National Convention."
}
] |
Carl Hubbell won twenty four consecutive games which has not been trumped since.
| 0 | 0 |
Carl Hubbell
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Randall David Johnson (born September 10, 1963), nicknamed \"The Big Unit\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), from 1988 to 2009, for six teams."
}
] |
BSYCdKn7UZpHerbHv4oY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career (1988–2009) | Arizona Diamondbacks (1999–2004)",
"text": "\" The event was not unique in baseball history, but it became one of Johnson's most-remembered baseball moments; a news story 15 years later remarked, \"the event remains iconic, and the Big Unit says he gets asked about the incident nearly as much as he does about winning the World Series later that year with the Arizona Diamondbacks\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While at USC, he also played two years of basketball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career (1988–2009) | Seattle Mariners (1989–1998) | 1993",
"text": "This made him the tallest player to play the field in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Instead, Johnson accepted a full athletic scholarship to play baseball for the University of Southern California."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career (1988–2009) | Retirement",
"text": "Johnson was selected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Randall David Johnson (born September 10, 1963), nicknamed \"The Big Unit\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), from 1988 to 2009, for six teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2015, his first year of eligibility, and is the first member of the Hall to be depicted in a Diamondbacks uniform on his plaque."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career (1988–2009) | Arizona Diamondbacks (1999–2004)",
"text": "Johnson agreed to a four-year contract, with an option for a fifth year, for $52.4 million, with the Arizona Diamondbacks, a second-year franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Acting career",
"text": "Johnson appeared in the movie Little Big League, playing himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played primarily for the Seattle Mariners and Arizona Diamondbacks."
}
] |
Randy Johnson played baseball for 15 years.
| 2 | 6 |
Randy Johnson
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a 2019 estimated population of over 328 million, the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world."
}
] |
BSamXv4pGtSyABqZZlbD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography, climate, and environment",
"text": "The United States is the world's third- or fourth-largest nation by total area (land and water), ranking behind Russia and Canada and nearly equal to China."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km2), it is the world's third- or fourth-largest country by total area."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although its population is only 4.3% of the world total, it holds 29.4% of the total wealth in the world, the largest share held by any country."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography, climate, and environment",
"text": "Measured by only land area, the United States is third in size behind Russia and China, just ahead of Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography, climate, and environment",
"text": "The ranking varies depending on how two territories disputed by China and India are counted, and how the total size of the United States is measured."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population",
"text": "White Americans of European ancestry (mostly German, Irish, Mexican, and English), form the largest racial group, at 73.1% of the population; African Americans constitute the nation's largest racial minority and third-largest ancestry group, and are around 13% of the total U.S. population."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country mostly located in central North America, between Canada and Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Energy",
"text": "Since 2007, the total greenhouse gas emissions by the United States are the second highest by country, exceeded only by China."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography, climate, and environment",
"text": "The United States, with its large size and geographic variety, includes most climate types."
},
{
"section_header": "Law enforcement and crime",
"text": "The United States has the highest documented incarceration rate and largest prison population in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a 2019 estimated population of over 328 million, the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world."
}
] |
The United States of America is the fourth largest country by total land size and population.
| 0 | 0 |
America
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Goldmark died in Vienna and is buried in the Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetery), along with many other notable composers."
}
] |
BTrVjpxlagY9vSPK6iWP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "His father, Ruben Goldmark, was a chazan (cantor) to the Jewish congregation at Keszthely, Hungary, where Karl was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karl Goldmark (born Károly Goldmark, Keszthely, May 18, 1830 – Vienna, January 2, 1915) was a Hungarian-born Viennese composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Karl Goldmark's early training as a violinist was at the musical academy of Sopron (1842–44)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Karl Goldmark's older brother Joseph became a physician and was later involved in the Revolution of 1848, and forced to emigrate to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Goldmark came from a large Jewish family."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Goldmark, however would ultimately distance himself because of Brahms' prickly personality."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "To make ends meet, Goldmark also pursued a side career as a music journalist."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Goldmark died in Vienna and is buried in the Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetery), along with many other notable composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Among the musical influences Goldmark absorbed was the inescapable one, for a musical colorist, of Richard Wagner, whose anti-semitism stood in the way of any genuine warmth between them; in 1872 Goldmark took a prominent role in the formation of the Vienna Wagner Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Goldmark's nephew Rubin Goldmark (1872–1936), a pupil of Dvořák, was also a composer, who spent his career in New York."
}
] |
Karl Goldmark was interred, after dying, in Germany.
| 0 | 0 |
Karl Goldmark
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "U.S. Senator | First term",
"text": "William Seward was sworn in as senator from New York on March 5, 1849, during the brief special session called to confirm President Taylor's cabinet nominees."
}
] |
BTwwRRVcpXDoDlCuTsfY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Governor of New York",
"text": "In that era, the annual message by the New York governor was published and discussed to the extent of that of a president."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of New York",
"text": "William Seward was sworn in as governor of New York on January 1, 1839, and inaugurated in front of a crowd of jubilant Whigs."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of New York",
"text": "This Seward would not do, and the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation inhibiting trade with New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of New York",
"text": "A series of testy letters were exchanged between Governor Seward and Harrison's Secretary of State Daniel Webster, and also between the governor and the new president John Tyler, who succeeded on Harrison's death after a month in office."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of New York",
"text": "Both Seward and President Van Buren gave several speeches across New York State that summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of New York",
"text": "In September 1839, a ship sailing from Norfolk, Virginia to New York City was discovered to have an escaped slave on board."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of New York",
"text": "At the time, New York City's public schools were run by Protestants, and used Protestant texts, including the King James Bible."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of New York",
"text": "With Seward's encouragement, the New York legislature passed acts in 1840 protecting the rights of African Americans against Southern slave-catchers."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of New York",
"text": "Henry Clay, one of the hopefuls for the Whig nomination for president, spent part of the summer in Upstate New York, and the two men met by chance on a ferry."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of New York",
"text": "The Democrats refused to co-operate with Governor Seward except on the most urgent matters, and he initially found himself unable to advance much of his agenda."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Senator | First term",
"text": "William Seward was sworn in as senator from New York on March 5, 1849, during the brief special session called to confirm President Taylor's cabinet nominees."
}
] |
In 1834, Seward lost the race for governor of New York.
| 0 | 3 |
William H. Seward
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In two other reviews where the author is known as the daughter of William Godwin, the criticism of the novel makes reference to the feminine nature of Mary Shelley."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After thinking for days, Shelley dreamt about a scientist who created life and was horrified by what he had made, inspiring the novel."
}
] |
BUFYFrwi6KYgbA8NdPSC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is an 1818 novel written by English author Mary Shelley (1797–1851) that tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a hideous sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In two other reviews where the author is known as the daughter of William Godwin, the criticism of the novel makes reference to the feminine nature of Mary Shelley."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "This edition credited Mary Shelley as the book's author on its title page."
},
{
"section_header": "Author's background",
"text": "Mary Shelley had a tragic life from the beginning."
},
{
"section_header": "Author's background | Literary influences",
"text": "Ovid also inspires the use of Prometheus in Shelley's title."
},
{
"section_header": "Shelley's inspirations",
"text": "In The Frankenstein of the French Revolution author Julia Douthwaite posits Shelley likely acquired some ideas for Frankenstein's character from Humphry Davy's book Elements of Chemical Philosophy, in which he had written that \"science has ... bestowed upon man powers which may be called creative; which have enabled him to change and modify the beings around him ...\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Shelley's inspirations",
"text": "Percy Shelley's name never appeared as the author of the poem, although the novel credits other quoted poets by name."
},
{
"section_header": "Films, plays, and television",
"text": "1823 : Richard Brinsley Peake's adaptation, Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein, was seen by Mary Shelley and her father William Godwin at the English Opera House."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After thinking for days, Shelley dreamt about a scientist who created life and was horrified by what he had made, inspiring the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Frankenstein and the Monster | The Creature",
"text": "In 1908 one author said \"It is strange to note how well-nigh universally the term \"Frankenstein\" is misused, even by intelligent people, as describing some hideous monster\"."
}
] |
Frankenstein is an 1818 hideous novel written by English author Mary Shelley who had a tragic and odd feminine shape that inspired her with the title.
| 0 | 0 |
Frankenstein
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other",
"text": "He met his future wife, Constance Louise \"Connie\" Butcher, on an Orioles team flight from Kansas City to Boston in July 1959, where she was working as a flight attendant for United Airlines."
}
] |
BUPKJnjObfww4rMoA7em
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brooks Calbert Robinson Jr. (born May 18, 1937) is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Robinson was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, to Brooks Calbert and Ethel Mae (née Denker) Robinson."
},
{
"section_header": "Other",
"text": "Brooks and Constance were married in her hometown of Windsor, Ontario, Canada on October 8, 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Other",
"text": "He met his future wife, Constance Louise \"Connie\" Butcher, on an Orioles team flight from Kansas City to Boston in July 1959, where she was working as a flight attendant for United Airlines."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Young Brooks Robinson Jr., delivered the Arkansas Gazette on his bicycle and also operated the scoreboard and sold soft drinks at Lamar Porter Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Other",
"text": "Robinson serves as president of the Major League Baseball Players Alumni Association, an organization that assists players and fans to interact off the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "The unveiling had been previously scheduled to be on May 12, 2012, but had to be rescheduled due to Brooks still slowly recovering after falling off a stage on January 27, 2012.In 2015, Robinson was selected as one of the Orioles Franchise-Four, recognizing the four greatest players in Orioles history, along with Jim Palmer, Frank Robinson and Cal Ripken Jr."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked Number 80 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1966, he was voted the All-Star Game Most Valuable Player, and finished second to teammate Frank Robinson in the American League Most Valuable Player Award voting, as the Orioles went on to win the 1966 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1964, Robinson had his best season offensively, hitting for a .318 batting average with 28 home runs and leading the league with 118 runs batted in, winning the American League Most Valuable Player Award."
}
] |
American baseball player Brooks Calbert Robinson Jr. married a woman he met while working who was a secretary.
| 0 | 0 |
Brooks Robinson
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "The location of the arc, as well as the Place de l'Étoile, is shared between three arrondissements, 16th (south and west), 17th (north), and 8th (east)."
}
] |
BV7lwgQlwj2YOAk3lsCV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The location of the arc and the plaza is shared between three arrondissements, 16th (south and west), 17th (north) and 8th (east)."
},
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "The location of the arc, as well as the Place de l'Étoile, is shared between three arrondissements, 16th (south and west), 17th (north), and 8th (east)."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Monument",
"text": "It remained there only four years before falling in ruins."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Monument",
"text": "For four years from 1882 to 1886, a monumental sculpture by Alexandre Falguière topped the arch."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction and late 19th century",
"text": "The Arc de Triomphe is located on the right bank of the Seine at the centre of a dodecagonal configuration of twelve radiating avenues."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Monument",
"text": "The battles that took place in the period between the departure of Napoleon from Elba to his final defeat at Waterloo are not included."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Monument",
"text": "Also inscribed, on the shorter sides of the four supporting columns, are the names of the major French victories in the Napoleonic Wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Details",
"text": "The four main sculptural groups on each of the Arc's pillars are: Le Départ de 1792 (or La Marseillaise), by François Rude."
},
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "Because of heavy traffic on the roundabout of which the Arc is the centre, it is recommended that pedestrians use one of two underpasses located at the Champs Élysées and the Avenue de la Grande Armée."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Monument",
"text": "The steel and new media installation interrogates the symbolism of the national monument, questioning the balance of its symbolic message during the last two centuries, oscillating between war and peace."
}
] |
Its location is between with four arrondissements.
| 4 | 6 |
Arc de Triomphe
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Early studies and naming",
"text": "The word is probably derived from the German zinke, and supposedly meant \"tooth-like, pointed or jagged\" (metallic zinc crystals have a needle-like appearance)."
}
] |
BW6nBki4BTYt3pzK1AmM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Mining and processing",
"text": "About 70% of the world's zinc originates from mining, while the remaining 30% comes from recycling secondary zinc."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To date, the oldest evidence of pure zinc comes from Zawar, in Rajasthan, as early as the 9th century AD when a distillation process was employed to make pure zinc."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early studies and naming",
"text": "Some alchemists called this zinc oxide lana philosophica, Latin for \"philosopher's wool\", because it collected in wooly tufts, whereas others thought it looked like white snow and named it nix album."
},
{
"section_header": "Compounds and chemistry | Test for zinc",
"text": "A green disc indicates the presence of zinc."
},
{
"section_header": "Compounds and chemistry | Test for zinc",
"text": "Cobalticyanide paper (Rinnmann's test for Zn) can be used as a chemical indicator for zinc."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most common zinc ore is sphalerite (zinc blende), a zinc sulfide mineral."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Other industrial uses",
"text": "The zinc zinc-oxide cycle is a two step thermochemical process based on zinc and zinc oxide for hydrogen production."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ancient use",
"text": "Zinc ores were used to make the zinc–"
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Occurrence",
"text": "Other source minerals for zinc include smithsonite (zinc carbonate), hemimorphite (zinc silicate), wurtzite (another zinc sulfide), and sometimes hydrozincite (basic zinc carbonate)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Mining and processing",
"text": "If deposits of zinc carbonate, zinc silicate, or zinc spinel (like the Skorpion Deposit in Namibia) are used for zinc production, the roasting can be omitted."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early studies and naming",
"text": "The word is probably derived from the German zinke, and supposedly meant \"tooth-like, pointed or jagged\" (metallic zinc crystals have a needle-like appearance)."
}
] |
The term zinc comes from the Latin "zincum".
| 0 | 0 |
Zinc
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Filming took place in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, between August and November 2016."
}
] |
BXIFOIX5u4PmQXwhQSF7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The Shape of Water appeared on many critics' year-end top-ten lists, among them: The Shape of Water received 13 nominations at the 90th Academy Awards, the most of any film in the 2018 race."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The Shape of Water premiered on August 31, 2017 at the 74th Venice International Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "There's no sense trying to analyze how he does it.\" For the Minnesota Daily, Haley Bennett reacted positively, writing, \"The Shape of Water has tenderness uncommon to del Toro films. ... While The Shape of Water isn't groundbreaking, it is elegant and mesmerizing."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Plagiarism accusations",
"text": "There have also been accusations that The Shape of Water plagiarised Amphibian Man, a 1962 Soviet film based on a 1928 Soviet novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Shape of Water is a 2017 American romantic fantasy drama film directed by Guillermo del Toro and written by del Toro and Vanessa Taylor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Shape of Water was screened as part of the main competition in the 74th Venice International Film Festival, where it premiered on August 31, 2017, and was awarded the Golden Lion for best film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Shape of Water grossed $63.9 million in the United States and Canada, and $131.4 million in other countries, for a total of $195.2 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Shape of Water was praised for the acting, screenplay, direction, visuals, production design, and musical score, with many calling the film Del Toro's best work since Pan's Labyrinth; the American Film Institute selected it as one of the top 10 films of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Plagiarism accusations",
"text": "Responding to Jeunet's accusations of plagiarism by email, del Toro cited on the influences of Terry Gilliam's works as the inspiration for The Shape of Water."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The idea for The Shape of Water formed during del Toro's breakfast with Daniel Kraus in 2011, with whom he later co-wrote the novel Trollhunters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Filming took place in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, between August and November 2016."
}
] |
The Shape of Water was filmed in Brazil.
| 3 | 8 |
The Shape of Water
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Final illness and death",
"text": "Schubert died in Vienna, aged 31, on 19 November 1828, at the apartment of his brother Ferdinand."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died eight months later at the age of 31, the cause officially attributed to typhoid fever, but believed by some historians to be syphilis."
}
] |
BXrIF4fZfrsw4Bn9pXuc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "\" Some prominent musicians share a similar view, including the pianist Radu Lupu, who said: \"[Schubert] is the composer for whom I am really most sorry that he died so young. ... Just before he died, when he wrote his beautiful two-cello String Quintet in C, he said very modestly that he was trying to learn a little more about counterpoint, and he was perfectly right."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Final illness and death",
"text": "Schubert died in Vienna, aged 31, on 19 November 1828, at the apartment of his brother Ferdinand."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "In a survey conducted by the ABC Classic FM radio station in 2008, Schubert's chamber works dominated the field, with the Trout Quintet ranked first, the String Quintet in C major ranked second, and the Notturno in E-flat major for piano trio ranked third."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died eight months later at the age of 31, the cause officially attributed to typhoid fever, but believed by some historians to be syphilis."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Of Franz Theodor and Elisabeth's fourteen children (one of them illegitimate, born in 1783), nine died in infancy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His major works include the Piano Quintet in A major, D. 667 (Trout Quintet), the Symphony No. 8 in B minor, D. 759 (Unfinished Symphony), the ”Great” Symphony No. 9 in C major, D. 944, the String Quintet (D. 956), the three last piano sonatas (D. 958–960), the opera Fierrabras (D. 796), the incidental music to the play Rosamunde (D. 797), and the song cycles Die schöne Müllerin (D. 795) and Winterreise (D. 911)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Young Schubert first came to the attention of Antonio Salieri, then"
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Style | Instrumental music, stage works and church music",
"text": "It also appears in unusual choices of instrumentation, as in the Sonata in A minor for arpeggione and piano (D. 821), or the unconventional scoring of the Trout Quintet (D. 667), which is scored for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass, whereas conventional piano quintets are scored for piano and string quartet."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Schubert was remarkably prolific, writing over 1,500 works in his short career."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Holzer gave the young Schubert instruction in piano and organ as well as in figured bass."
}
] |
Franz Schubert died at the young age of 21, shortly after writing his beautiful two-cello String Quintet in C.
| 0 | 0 |
Franz Schubert
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although the novel ends in mid-sentence (like Sterne's Sentimental Journey), it is usually regarded as complete in the extant form."
}
] |
BXz1VHQu57L67tMb58Cs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The novel ends mid-sentence with the prince who arranged Chichikov's arrest giving a grand speech that rails against corruption in the Russian government."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "extant sections of Dead Souls formed the basis for an opera in 1976 by Russian composer Rodion Shchedrin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dead Souls (Russian: «Мёртвые души», Mjórtvyje dúshi) is a novel by Nikolai Gogol, first published in 1842, and widely regarded as an exemplar of 19th-century Russian literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although the novel ends in mid-sentence (like Sterne's Sentimental Journey), it is usually regarded as complete in the extant form."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "On another level, the title refers to the \"dead souls\" of Gogol's characters, all of which represent different aspects of poshlost (a Russian noun rendered as \"commonplace, vulgarity\", moral and spiritual, with overtones of middle-class pretentiousness, fake significance and philistinism)."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "Poema\", which contracted to merely \"Dead Souls\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gogol himself saw his work as an \"epic poem in prose\", and within the book characterised it as a \"novel in verse\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The plot of the novel relies on \"dead souls\" (i.e., \"dead serfs\") which are still accounted for in property registers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "These people typify the Russian middle-class of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The original title, as shown on the illustration (cover page), was \"The Wanderings of Chichikov, or Dead Souls."
}
] |
Dead Souls is a Russian book that is known for not having a full final sentence.
| 3 | 4 |
Dead Souls
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Parthian Empire (; 247 BC – 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran."
}
] |
BYjlUOL4gvYIUCInVJ9a
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Hellenism and the Iranian revival",
"text": "However, the use of Greek-alphabet legends on Parthian coins remained until the collapse of the empire."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Native and external sources",
"text": "Although the Parthian court maintained records, the Parthians had no formal study of history; the earliest universal history of Iran, the Khwaday-Namag, was not compiled until the reign of the last Sasanian ruler Yazdegerd III (r. 632–651 AD)."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Religion",
"text": "Although Mani (216–276 AD), the founding prophet of Manichaeism, did not proclaim his first religious revelation until 228/229 AD, Bivar asserts that his new faith contained \"elements of Mandaean belief, Iranian cosmogony, and even echoes of Christianity ... [it] may be regarded as a typical reflection of the mixed religious doctrines of the late Arsacid period, which the Zoroastrian orthodoxy of the Sasanians was soon to sweep away."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Expansion and consolidation",
"text": "However, they arrived too late to engage in the conflict."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Continuation of Roman hostilities and Parthian decline",
"text": "In the last months of 116 AD, Trajan captured the Persian city of Susa."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Continuation of Roman hostilities and Parthian decline",
"text": "There is evidence, however, that suggests Vologases VI continued to mint coins at Seleucia as late as"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Continuation of Roman hostilities and Parthian decline",
"text": "However, they would lose these territories to Heraclius—the last Roman emperor before the Arab conquests."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Hellenism and the Iranian revival",
"text": "The word \"philhellene\" was inscribed on Parthian coins until the reign of Artabanus II."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Continuation of Roman hostilities and Parthian decline",
"text": "The Parthian Empire, weakened by internal strife and wars with Rome, was soon to be followed by the Sasanian Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Religion",
"text": "The followers of Zoroaster would have found the bloody sacrifices of some Parthian-era Iranian cults to be unacceptable."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Parthian Empire (; 247 BC – 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran."
}
] |
The Parthian Empire was founded by Otto Van Bismarck in the late 1100s and lasted until the 1800s in Europe.
| 1 | 3 |
Parthian Empire
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aloysius Harry Simmons (May 22, 1902 – May 26, 1956), born Alois Szymanski, was an American professional baseball player."
}
] |
Ba807uspBaKVOCY7tgrE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Simmons died on May 26, 1956."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aloysius Harry Simmons (May 22, 1902 – May 26, 1956), born Alois Szymanski, was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He saw an advertisement for a company named Simmons Hardware and decided to take on the last name of Simmons."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "While Cleveland manager Al López encouraged Simmons to think about his decision, Simmons said he could no longer help the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Later career (1933–1944)",
"text": "Simmons was purchased from the Senators by the Boston Bees in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Later career (1933–1944)",
"text": "Simmons played in the major leagues until 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Overview",
"text": "Simmons was one of the best hitters in MLB history."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Simmons was the right fielder on Stein's Polish team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Simmons was born in Milwaukee and grew up as a fan of the Philadelphia Athletics."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics (1924–1932)",
"text": "In a final season with Philadelphia, Simmons led the AL with 216 hits."
}
] |
Simmons passed away in 1956.
| 0 | 0 |
Al Simmons
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the son of Abigail (née Eastman) and Ebenezer Webster, a farmer and local official who served in the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War."
}
] |
Bb24QeMZiYMwTv40TrXl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life, family, and religious views",
"text": "Webster's older son, Fletcher, married a niece of Joseph Story, established a profitable law practice, served as chief clerk of the State Department, and was the only one of his siblings to outlive his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Like his father, and like many other New England farmers, Daniel was firmly devoted to the Federalist Party and favored a strong central government."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Though unenthusiastic about studying the law, he believed that becoming a lawyer would allow him to \"live comfortably\" and avoid the bouts of poverty that had afflicted his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life, family, and religious views",
"text": "All of Webster's living descendants trace their ancestry through Julia."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life, family, and religious views",
"text": "They remained married until Webster's death, and she lived until 1882."
},
{
"section_header": "First period in the Senate | Jackson administration, 1829–1837 | Rise of the Whig Party and 1836 candidacy",
"text": "Webster's decision to vote for the censure resolution caused a permanent break with Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "First period in the Senate | Van Buren administration, 1837–1841",
"text": "The panic hit the country hard and proved disastrous for Webster's personal finances."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Compromise proved unpopular in much of the North and undermined Webster's standing in his home state."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life, family, and religious views",
"text": "Webster's daughter, Julia, married Samuel Appleton Appleton, but died of tuberculosis in April 1848."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life, family, and religious views",
"text": "Webster's younger son, Edward, died of typhoid fever in January 1848 while serving in the Mexican-American War."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the son of Abigail (née Eastman) and Ebenezer Webster, a farmer and local official who served in the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War."
}
] |
Webster's father was a countryman.
| 1 | 4 |
Daniel Webster
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry was the fourth child of the Portuguese king John I, who founded the House of Aviz."
}
] |
Bb5CoNzusGsXad0rYexm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Henry was 21 when he and his father and brothers captured the Moorish port of Ceuta in northern Morocco."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "In 1419, Henry's father appointed him governor of the province of the Algarve."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He encouraged his father to conquer Ceuta (1415), the Muslim port on the North African coast across the Straits of Gibraltar from the Iberian Peninsula."
},
{
"section_header": "Henry's explorations | Madeira",
"text": "During the reign of his father, John I, João Gonçalves Zarco and Tristão Vaz Teixeira were sent to explore along the African coast."
},
{
"section_header": "Resources and income",
"text": "Henry also had other resources."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Henry was the third surviving son of King John I and his wife Philippa, sister of King Henry IV of England."
},
{
"section_header": "Henry's explorations | Madeira",
"text": "Henry directed that Porto Santo be colonized."
},
{
"section_header": "Resources and income",
"text": "Henry also held a monopoly on tuna fishing in the Algarve."
},
{
"section_header": "Vila do Infante and Portuguese exploration",
"text": "Henry did possess geographical curiosity, and employed cartographers."
},
{
"section_header": "Resources and income",
"text": "Henry functioned as a primary organizer of the disastrous expedition to Tangier in 1437."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry was the fourth child of the Portuguese king John I, who founded the House of Aviz."
}
] |
Henry the Navigator's father was a servant.
| 1 | 3 |
Henry the Navigator
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fleetwood Mac are a British-American rock band, formed in London in 1967."
}
] |
BbSZy8YdK812CGat64gK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Name dispute and 'fake Fleetwood Mac'",
"text": "Davis said Collinge had been hired only as a temporary stand-in drummer for rehearsals and the first two gigs, and that Fleetwood had agreed to appear on the rest of the tour after he had sorted out personal matters, but then had backed out after the tour started."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Return of McVie and departure of Buckingham",
"text": "The band's \"An Evening with Fleetwood Mac\" tour started in October 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fleetwood Mac are a British-American rock band, formed in London in 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1995–1997: Re-formation",
"text": "Just weeks after disbanding Fleetwood Mac, Mick Fleetwood started working with Lindsey Buckingham again."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Return of the authentic Fleetwood Mac",
"text": "but I am enjoying playing live with the band, and hopefully will start a new studio album with the band soon."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1975–1987: Addition of Buckingham and Nicks, and mainstream success",
"text": "As with various other Fleetwood Mac albums, the material started off as a Buckingham solo album before becoming a group project."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–2013: Unleashed tour and Extended Play",
"text": "In March 2009, Fleetwood Mac started their \"Unleashed\" tour, a greatest hits show, although album tracks such as \"Storms\" and"
},
{
"section_header": "General sources",
"text": "-7119-6907-8 Bob Brunning, Fleetwood Mac: The First 30 Years, Omnibus Press, London, 1998, ISBN 978"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Name dispute and 'fake Fleetwood Mac'",
"text": "The dispute was eventually settled amicably out of court, four years later, in what was described as \"a reasonable settlement not unfair to either party."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1970: Formation and early years",
"text": "Fleetwood Mac were formed in July 1967 in London, England, when Peter Green left the British blues band John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers."
}
] |
Fleetwood Mac started out in London.
| 1 | 4 |
Fleetwood Mac
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, about social conventions, codes of conduct and relationships in turn-of-the-century England."
}
] |
Bc9G1IKUaeJ5s6fiwY3H
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book was conceived in June 1908 and worked on throughout the following year; it was completed in July 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is considered by many to be Forster's masterpiece."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "As soon as they encounter Helen at Howards End, they see the truth."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Howards End is Ruth's most prized possession; she feels a strong connection to it."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Fully supported by them, she decides to bring up her son at Howards End."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Helen, the younger Schlegel daughter, then visits the Wilcoxes at their country house, Howards End."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Leonard arrives at Howards End, still tormented by the affair and wishing to speak to Margaret."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Writing a new will, he leaves Howards End to Margaret, as his first wife Ruth had wished."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature",
"text": "On Beauty, a novel by Zadie Smith, is based on Howards End and was written as a homage to Forster."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "But the only real opposition comes from Charles and his wife Dolly; as they fear that Margaret endangers their inheritance of Howards End."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, about social conventions, codes of conduct and relationships in turn-of-the-century England."
}
] |
Howards End is a book of short stories that was released in 1915.
| 1 | 4 |
Howards End
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "In the first pages of the novel, he is crushed by a giant helmet on his way to his wedding with Isabella."
}
] |
BcWbTddLZXYazpHkFyL2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He hides her in a cave and blocks it to protect her from Manfred and ends up fighting one of the mysterious knights."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Theodore proceeds to protect Isabella from the wanton lust of Manfred."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary elements | The Castle of Otranto and Shakespeare",
"text": "The violent question of bloodlines and succession is one that serves as a key element in many of Shakespeare's plays, spanning from Hamlet to Richard II and Macbeth, and it is one that is clearly one of the major concerns of Otranto."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary elements | Gothic elements",
"text": "The Castle of Otranto is the first supernatural English novel and one of the most influential works of Gothic fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Frederic and Manfred make plans to swap their daughters in marriage, crushing Matilda's hope of being with Theodore."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary elements | The Castle of Otranto and Shakespeare",
"text": "Like Shakespeare, Walpole aims to create a \"mixture of comedy and tragedy\" and one of the ways he does so is by using the minor, servant characters (such as Bianca) as comic relief."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "After the death of Conrad, she makes it clear that, although she did not love Conrad, she would have far preferred being betrothed to him rather than his father, who pursues her throughout the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Manfred – the lord of the Castle of Otranto."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He also later goes on to rule the Castle of Otranto."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Friar Jerome – the friar at the monastery near the Castle of Otranto."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "In the first pages of the novel, he is crushed by a giant helmet on his way to his wedding with Isabella."
}
] |
There is no character in The Castle of Otranto that's slain by an over-sized protective hat landing on and crunching them, that would be ridiculous.
| 0 | 0 |
The Castle of Otranto
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈmi.ljo a.ɣiˈnal.do]: March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, politician and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines (1899–1901) and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia."
}
] |
BcgcD45N2WPzgLfhATjC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency of the First Philippine Republic and Philippine-American War",
"text": "This incident was considered to be the beginning of the Philippine–American War, and culminated in the 1899 Battle of Manila between American and Filipino forces."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Assassination of Antonio Luna",
"text": "He staggered out into the plaza where Román and Rusca were rushing to his aid, but as he lay dying, they too were set upon and shot, with Román being killed and Rusca being severely wounded."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Philippine Revolution and battles",
"text": "On March 7, 1895, Santiago Alvarez, whose father was a Capitan Municipal (Mayor) of Noveleta, encouraged Aguinaldo to join the \"Katipunan\", a secret organization led by Andrés Bonifacio, dedicated to the expulsion of the Spanish and independence of the Philippines through armed force."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also one of the Filipino historical figures to be recommended as a national hero of the Philippines."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency of the First Philippine Republic and Philippine-American War",
"text": "One of these forces was led by Gen. Macario Sakay who established the Tagalog Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Commemoration",
"text": "In 1985, BRP Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo (PG-140) was launched and became the lead ship of the General Emilio Aguinaldo class patrol vessel of the Philippine Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Tejeros Convention",
"text": "There The Republic of the Philippines was proclaimed, with Aguinaldo being elected as President, Mariano Trias as Vice-President, Artemio Ricarte as Captain-General, Emiliano Riego de Dios as the Director of War and Andres Bonifacio as Director of the Interior."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Retreat to Montalban",
"text": "He found Biak-Na-Bato. The Spanish pursued the Katipunero forces retreating towards central Luzon, killing many of the revolutionaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Sr. The Aguinaldo family was quite well-to-do, as his father, Carlos J. Aguinaldo was the community's appointed gobernadorcillo (municipal governor) in the Spanish colonial administration and his grandparents Eugenio K. Aguinaldo and Maria Jamir-Aguinaldo."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "One of his great-grandsons, Joseph Emilio Abaya, was a member of the Philippine House of Representatives representing Cavite's first district (which contained their hometown, Kawit) from 2004 until his appointment as Secretary of Transportation and Communications in 2012, a post he served until 2016, while another great-grandson, Emilio \"Orange\" M. Aguinaldo IV, married ABS-CBN news reporter Bernadette Sembrano in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈmi.ljo a.ɣiˈnal.do]: March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, politician and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines (1899–1901) and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia."
}
] |
Emilio Aguinaldo could be considered as one of the founding fathers of the Philippines.
| 2 | 3 |
Emilio Aguinaldo
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Records",
"text": "Sergio Ramos holds the record for most appearances for the Spanish team with 170 since his debut in 2005."
}
] |
Bcp0FDjuJc7GGE4R7b7Q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Records | Most capped players",
"text": "Players in bold are still active at international level for the national team."
},
{
"section_header": "Records | Most capped players",
"text": "Below is a list of the ten players with the most caps for Spain, as of 18 November 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Players | Recent call-ups",
"text": "The following players have been called up for the team in the last twelve months."
},
{
"section_header": "Players | Current squad",
"text": "The following players were called up to the Spain squad for the UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying fixtures against Malta and Romania on 15 and 18 November 2019 respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Team image | Nicknames",
"text": "However, there are another unofficial nicknames to refer to the national team of Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spain has also won three continental titles, having appeared at 10 of 15 UEFA European Championships."
},
{
"section_header": "Team image | Style of play",
"text": "They have the Barcelona \"carousel\" of Xavi and Andrés Iniesta augmented by Real Madrid's Xabi Alonso in midfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Records",
"text": "Sergio Ramos holds the record for most appearances for the Spanish team with 170 since his debut in 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the decisive match against the Netherlands, Andrés Iniesta scored the match's only goal, coming in extra time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Spain national football team (Spanish: Selección Española de Fútbol) has represented Spain in international men's football competition since 1920."
}
] |
Iniesta is the player with most appearances since the start of his career for the Spain national team.
| 1 | 2 |
Spain national football team
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the war, Goeppert Mayer became a voluntary associate professor of Physics at the University of Chicago (where her husband and Teller worked) and a senior physicist at the university-run Argonne National Laboratory."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1960, she was appointed full professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego."
}
] |
BdR8iQlWMoSnmPJdDvw1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Manhattan Project",
"text": "When the nearby Argonne National Laboratory was founded on July 1, 1946, Goeppert Mayer was also offered a part-time job there as a senior physicist in the theoretical physics division."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maria Goeppert Mayer (June 28, 1906 – February 20, 1972) was a German-born American theoretical physicist, and Nobel laureate in Physics for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus."
},
{
"section_header": "Manhattan Project",
"text": "Joe came back from the Pacific earlier than expected, and they returned to New York together in July 1945.In February 1946, Joe became a professor in the Chemistry Department and the new Institute for Nuclear Studies at the University of Chicago, and Goeppert Mayer was able to become a voluntary associate professor of physics at the school."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "After her death, the Maria Goeppert Mayer Award was created by the American Physical Society (APS) to honor young female physicists at the beginning of their careers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1986, the Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award for early-career women physicists was established in her honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the war, Goeppert Mayer became a voluntary associate professor of Physics at the University of Chicago (where her husband and Teller worked) and a senior physicist at the university-run Argonne National Laboratory."
},
{
"section_header": "Manhattan Project",
"text": "In the spring of 1942, with the United States embroiled in World War II, she joined the Manhattan Project."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On January 19, 1930, Goeppert married Joseph Edward Mayer, an American Rockefeller fellow who was one of James Franck's assistants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maria Goeppert married Joseph Edward Mayer and moved to the United States, where he was an associate professor at Johns Hopkins University."
},
{
"section_header": "Manhattan Project",
"text": "Through her friend Edward Teller, Goeppert Mayer was given a position at Columbia with the Opacity Project, which researched the properties of matter and radiation at extremely high temperatures with an eye to the development of the Teller's \"Super\" bomb, the wartime program for the development of thermonuclear weapons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1960, she was appointed full professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego."
}
] |
American theoretical physicist Maria Goeppert Mayer worked on the Manhattan Project but she was never able to become a professor because of her gender.
| 0 | 0 |
Maria Goeppert-Mayer
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book's protagonist, Humphrey van Weyden, is a literary critic who is a survivor of an ocean collision and who comes under the dominance of Wolf Larsen, the powerful and amoral sea captain who rescues him."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Brutal and cynical, yet also highly intelligent and intellectual (though highly biased in his opinions, as he was self-taught), he rules over his ship and terrorizes the crew with the aid of his exceptionally great physical strength."
}
] |
BdTmW0AgKZavYPvGo0YG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He is set adrift in the Bay, eventually being picked up by Wolf Larsen."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The Sea Wolf tells the story of a soft, domesticated protagonist — an intellectual man named Humphrey van Weyden — forced to become tough and self-reliant by exposure to cruelty and brutality."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The plot has some initial similarities to Captains Courageous by Rudyard Kipling in that they each have an idle, rich young man rescued from the sea and shanghaied into becoming a working sailor; however, the two stories differ widely in plot and moral tone."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "As a revenge, Death Larsen had tracked his brother, bribed his crew, destroyed his sails, and set Larsen adrift at sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Humphrey “Hump” Van Weyden",
"text": "Throughout the book, Larsen compliments van Weyden on his growth"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Humphrey “Hump” Van Weyden",
"text": "Humphrey van Weyden starts the book weak of body but strong of mind."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "During this section, the Ghost picks up another set of castaways, including a poet named Maud Brewster."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "London's intention in writing The Sea-Wolf was \"an attack on (Nietzsche's) super-man philosophy.\" Nietzsche and Schopenhauer are mentioned in the second sentence of the novel as the preferred reading of the friend Humphrey van Weyden visited before his shipwreck."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Call of the Wild. Ambrose Bierce wrote, \"The great thing—and it is among the greatest of things—is that tremendous creation, Wolf Larsen... the hewing out and setting up of such a figure is enough for a man to do in one lifetime... The love element, with its absurd suppressions, and impossible proprieties, is awful.\" The personal character of the novel's antagonist \"Wolf Larsen\" was attributed to a real sailor London had known, Captain Alex MacLean."
},
{
"section_header": "Radio adaptation",
"text": "Produced by TeleMünchen The book was adapted in four hour-long episodes for BBC Radio 4 by Ed Thomason, and was first broadcast in 1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book's protagonist, Humphrey van Weyden, is a literary critic who is a survivor of an ocean collision and who comes under the dominance of Wolf Larsen, the powerful and amoral sea captain who rescues him."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Brutal and cynical, yet also highly intelligent and intellectual (though highly biased in his opinions, as he was self-taught), he rules over his ship and terrorizes the crew with the aid of his exceptionally great physical strength."
}
] |
The book is about a man whom is cast adrift in the sea and is scooped up by a friendly millionaire who becomes his closest confidant.
| 0 | 0 |
The Sea Wolf
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Larry Kenneth Robert Walker (born December 1, 1966) is a Canadian former professional baseball right fielder."
}
] |
Bdc6hI8DspvmSb7CKewL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Walker caught the eye of his fellow Canadians, and, as a 19-year-old minor leaguer, had acquired an entourage of Canadian reporters."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Montreal Expos | Early major league career (1990−1992)",
"text": ", Walker became a role model for thousands of young Canadian baseball players."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Colorado Rockies | 1999 season",
"text": "Sports Illustrated listed Walker as the 13th greatest sporting figure in Canadian history in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Coaching work | Canada national baseball team",
"text": "Since 2009, Walker has served as a hitting coach and first base coach for the Canadian national team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following his playing career, Walker has served as a guest instructor for the Cardinals, and, since 2009, has coached the Canadian national team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Larry Kenneth Robert Walker (born December 1, 1966) is a Canadian former professional baseball right fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Montreal Expos | Early major league career (1990−1992)",
"text": "One of the few native Canadians to ever play for the Expos"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Colorado Rockies | 2002−2004 seasons",
"text": "Walker played his 1,532nd game on April 6, surpassing Terry Puhl for most games played by a Canadian-born player in MLB history."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Recognition, awards, and halls of fame election and consideration | Post-career awards",
"text": "\"On June 20, 2009, it was announced that Walker and former major league catcher Ernie Whitt were inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Recognition, awards, and halls of fame election and consideration | Post-career awards",
"text": "At the end of the 2014 season, he won the NL batting title, joining Walker as the second Canadian to win a batting title as a member of the Rockies."
}
] |
Walker is a Canadian.
| 0 | 0 |
Larry Walker
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aubrey Drake Graham (born October 24, 1986) is a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, and entrepreneur."
}
] |
BeH55hVm3u9QfsTXTQCc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "A prominent figure in pop culture, Drake is widely credited for popularizing the Toronto sound to the music industry and leading the \"Canadian Invasion\" of the American charts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the same year, Drake announced his development with American entrepreneur Brent Hocking of the bourbon whiskey Virginia Black; it eventually broke sale records in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2018–2019: Scorpion and return to television",
"text": "The success of \"In My Feelings\" also made Drake the record holder for most number one hits among rappers."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Legal issues",
"text": "He sought $100,000 for mistreatment and artistic theft, which Drake paid to the rapper later that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Legal issues",
"text": "Also in 2014, it emerged that Drake was sued by rapper Rappin' 4-Tay, claiming Drake misused his lyrics when collaborating with YG on the song \"Who Do You Love?\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Dennis Graham, is African American and a practising Catholic from Memphis, Tennessee, who worked as a drummer, performing alongside country musician Jerry Lee Lewis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aubrey Drake Graham (born October 24, 1986) is a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, and entrepreneur."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2018–2019: Scorpion and return to television",
"text": "The song's entry at number six on the Hot 100 made Drake the rapper with the most top 10 hits on the Hot 100, with 23."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has won four Grammy Awards, six American Music Awards, a record 27 Billboard Music Awards, two Brit Awards and three Juno Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Career beginnings",
"text": "This caused Jas Prince to gift Lil Wayne the song, which prompted the rapper to invite Drake to Houston to join his Tha Carter III tour."
}
] |
Drake is an American rapper.
| 1 | 2 |
Drake (musician)
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Napoleon Lajoie (; September 5, 1874 – February 7, 1959), also known as Larry Lajoie and nicknamed \"The Frenchman\", was an American professional baseball second baseman and player-manager."
}
] |
BejM7IUB7IzyT8N7xnvG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" He was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He was among the second group of players elected to the Hall of Fame in 1937 and was later inducted on June 12, 1939, when the Hall opened that same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Napoleon Lajoie (; September 5, 1874 – February 7, 1959), also known as Larry Lajoie and nicknamed \"The Frenchman\", was an American professional baseball second baseman and player-manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He also began playing semi-professional baseball for the local Woonsocket team under the alias \"Sandy\", because his parents did not approve of their son playing baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Baseball historian William McNeil rates Lajoie as the game's greatest second baseman, when combining both offensive and defensive impact."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cleveland Bronchos/Naps",
"text": "The Naps finished with a 76–78 record in a season in which they had been 52-29, and held a three game lead in the American League on July 24th Baseball historian Bill James wrote of Lajoie's higher-than-normal career putout total and importance to Cleveland: Nap Lajoie was not only the team's superstar, after 1905 he was also the manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When word of Lajoie's baseball ability spread, he began to play for other semi-professional teams at $2 to $5 per game ($61 to $154 in current dollar terms)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Philadelphia Phillies and Athletics",
"text": "\" The Phillies' Rogers obtained an injunction barring Lajoie from playing baseball for any team other than his team."
},
{
"section_header": "Footnotes",
"text": "Both the Society for American Baseball Research and Baseball-Reference.com list Lajoie as having the higher batting average and thus, the batting champion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has been called \"the best second baseman in the history of baseball\" and \"the most outstanding player to wear a Cleveland uniform.\" Cy Young said, \"Lajoie was one of the most rugged players I ever faced."
}
] |
Nap Lajoie was an American professional baseball second baseman for three different teams, and player-manager, was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937..
| 0 | 0 |
Nap Lajoie
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Community policy",
"text": "YouTube has a set of community guidelines aimed to reduce abuse of the site's features."
},
{
"section_header": "Community policy",
"text": "Despite the guidelines, YouTube has faced criticism from news sources for retaining content in violation of these guidelines."
}
] |
Bess6xbV76x87w1Mmo4D
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It offers a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos."
},
{
"section_header": "Community policy | Copyrighted material",
"text": "In April 2012, a court in Hamburg ruled that YouTube could be held responsible for copyrighted material posted by its users."
},
{
"section_header": "Community policy | Controversial videos | Conspiracy theories and fringe discourse",
"text": "After YouTube drew controversy for giving top billing to videos promoting falsehoods and conspiracy when people made breaking-news queries during the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, YouTube changed its algorithm to give greater prominence to mainstream media sources."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and filtering",
"text": "YouTube stated that \"This video—which is widely available on the Web—is clearly within our guidelines and so will stay on YouTube."
},
{
"section_header": "Community policy | Controversial videos | Imam Anwar al-Awlaki",
"text": "Given the volume of content uploaded on our site, we think this is by far the most effective way to make sure that the tiny minority of videos that break the rules come down quickly. (July 2008) In October 2010, U.S. Congressman Anthony Weiner urged YouTube to remove from its website videos of imam Anwar al-Awlaki."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New revenue streams (2013–ongoing)",
"text": "In February 2015, YouTube released a secondary mobile app known as YouTube Kids."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | April Fools",
"text": "\"Never Gonna Give You Up\", a prank known as \"rickrolling\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Community policy | Controversial videos | Conspiracy theories and fringe discourse",
"text": "Alex Jones, known for right-wing conspiracy theories, had built a massive audience on YouTube."
},
{
"section_header": "Community policy | Controversial videos | Conspiracy theories and fringe discourse",
"text": "In 2018, it was reported that YouTube was again promoting fringe content about breaking news, giving great prominence to conspiracy videos about Anthony Bourdain's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Community policy | Copyrighted material",
"text": "Viacom announced its intention to appeal the ruling."
},
{
"section_header": "Community policy",
"text": "YouTube has a set of community guidelines aimed to reduce abuse of the site's features."
},
{
"section_header": "Community policy",
"text": "Despite the guidelines, YouTube has faced criticism from news sources for retaining content in violation of these guidelines."
}
] |
Youtube is widely known for its best-in-class response to media which breaks its rules.
| 0 | 0 |
YouTube
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cabell \"Cab\" Calloway III (December 25, 1907 – November 18, 1994) was an American jazz singer, dancer, bandleader and actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Awards and honors",
"text": "1993: Cab Calloway School of the Arts dedicated in his name in Wilmington, Delaware 1995: Inducted into International Jazz Hall of Fame 1999: Grammy Hall of Fame Award for \"Minnie the Moocher\" 2008: Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award 2019"
}
] |
BetdtHmEB8cDwZTj1Vn7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is also inducted into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame and the International Jazz Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Awards and honors",
"text": "1993: Cab Calloway School of the Arts dedicated in his name in Wilmington, Delaware 1995: Inducted into International Jazz Hall of Fame 1999: Grammy Hall of Fame Award for \"Minnie the Moocher\" 2008: Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award 2019"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Awards and honors",
"text": "Calloway received the following accolades: 1967: Best Performance, Outer Critics Circle Awards (Hello, Dolly) 1987: Inducted into Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame 1990: Beacons in Jazz Award, The New School"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His song \"Minnie the Moocher\" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999 and added to the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cabell \"Cab\" Calloway III (December 25, 1907 – November 18, 1994) was an American jazz singer, dancer, bandleader and actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1961–1993: Later years",
"text": "He was booked to headline \"The Jazz Connection: The Jewish and African-American Relationship,\" at New York City's Avery Fisher Hall in 1993, but he pulled out due to a fall at home."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1961–1993: Later years",
"text": "In January 1990, Calloway performed at the Meyerhoff Symphony Hall, with the Baltimore Symphony."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1927–1929: Early career",
"text": "At the Sunset Café, he was an understudy for singer Adelaide Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "John Landis, who directed Calloway in the 1980 film The Blues Brothers, stated, \"Cab Calloway is hip-hop.\" Journalist Timothy White noted in Billboard (August 14, 1993): \"No living pathfinder in American popular music or its jazz and rock 'n'"
},
{
"section_header": "Discography | Albums",
"text": "1943: Cab Calloway And His Orchestra (Brunswick) 1956: Cab Calloway (Epic) 1958: Cotton Club Revue 1958 ("
}
] |
Cab Calloway was inducted into the Jazz Hall of Fame.
| 1 | 2 |
Cab Calloway
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 23-year major league career for the Baltimore Orioles (1955–1977), which still stands as the record for the longest career spent with a single team in major league history (tied with Carl Yastrzemski)."
}
] |
Bf3kLuzyHuPB0BU2FRzb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brooks Calbert Robinson Jr. (born May 18, 1937) is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Other",
"text": "Robinson is one of the investors in the Opening Day Partners group, which owns four teams in the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "When the Orioles started their team Hall of Fame, Brooks and Frank Robinson were the first two men inducted."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 23-year major league career for the Baltimore Orioles (1955–1977), which still stands as the record for the longest career spent with a single team in major league history (tied with Carl Yastrzemski)."
},
{
"section_header": "Other",
"text": "If any of these guys, the Baltimore Orioles, ask you for a date, tell 'em you don't date married men."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Considered among the greatest all-time Orioles, Robinson and the man usually considered the greatest Baltimore Colts football player, Johnny Unitas, had plaques in their honor in the lobby of Baltimore's Memorial Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After he graduated from Little Rock High School on May 27, 1955, where he was scouted for the Arkansas Razorbacks baseball program in Fayetteville, he played in the winter baseball leagues in South America in 1955 and in Cuba in 1957."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "Following his retirement as a player, Brooks began a successful career as a color commentator for the Orioles' television broadcasts."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "In 1982, local television WMAR's on-air news team in Baltimore, Maryland went on strike and picketed the WMAR headquarters for the two months approaching the baseball season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robinson was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1983."
}
] |
Brooks Robinson played professional baseball for the Atlanta Braves and then the Baltimore Orioles.
| 0 | 1 |
Brooks Robinson
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He led the NL in strikeouts in 1969 and had over 3,000 strikeouts during his career."
}
] |
Bf6WUM1I3h7u2JnwBjN6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Jenkins led the league in wins twice (1971, 1974), fewest walks per 9 innings five times, complete games nine times, and home runs allowed seven times."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He led the league in strikeouts once (1969, with 273)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a National League (NL) and Cubs All-Star for three seasons, and in 1971, he was the first Canadian and Cubs pitcher to win a Cy Young Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honours and awards",
"text": "On December 17, 1979, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada for being \"Canada's best-known major-league baseball player\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Canadian baseball | Minor league",
"text": "Jenkins continued playing professional baseball in Canada after retiring from MLB in 1983 and pitched two seasons for the London Majors, a minor league team of the Intercounty Major Baseball League, operating in London, Ontario."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Jenkins was born and raised in Chatham, Ontario, the only child of Delores Jackson and Ferguson Jenkins Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | MLB career | Later seasons",
"text": "He was named AL Comeback Player of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jenkins became the first Canadian to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1991; he remained the only one until Larry Walker's election in 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ferguson Arthur \"Fergie\" Jenkins CM (born December 13, 1942) is a Canadian former professional baseball pitcher and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | MLB career | 1971 season",
"text": "He walked only 37 batters versus 263 strikeouts across 325 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He led the NL in strikeouts in 1969 and had over 3,000 strikeouts during his career."
}
] |
Ferguson Jenkins was a baseball player that led the National League in the late 1960s. .
| 0 | 0 |
Ferguson Jenkins
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Spanning a period of 10 to 15 years, the novel details the lives of Tom and Maggie Tulliver, siblings who grow up at Dorlcote Mill on the River Floss."
}
] |
BfZKr4hkey8Nl3xGcWVc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mill on the Floss is a novel by George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans), first published in three volumes in 1860 by William Blackwood."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "film Delhi Belly, one of the protagonists makes a sarcastic reference to \"Mill on the floss\" when he finds his friends in completely different appearances and surreal whimsical situations."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Eliot, George. The Mill on the Floss."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Mill on the Floss/ The Mill on the Floss free PDF of Blackwood's 1878 Cabinet Edition (the critical standard with Eliot's final corrections) at the George Eliot Archive"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The mill is situated at the junction of the River Floss and the more minor River Ripple, near the village of St Ogg's in Lincolnshire, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "To help his father repay his debts, Tom leaves school to enter a life of the business."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A radio dramatisation in five one-hour parts was broadcast on BBC7 in 2009.In the Kiran Rao and Aamir Khan 2011"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Lucy Deane invites Maggie to come and stay with her and experience the life of cultured leisure that she enjoys."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Spanning a period of 10 to 15 years, the novel details the lives of Tom and Maggie Tulliver, siblings who grow up at Dorlcote Mill on the River Floss."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Critics have asserted that Maggie's need for love and acceptance is her underlying motivation throughout The Mill on the Floss, claiming that the conflicts that arise in the novel invariably stem from her frustrated attempts at gaining this acceptance."
}
] |
The Mill on the Floss narrates the life of a farmer named William Blackwood.
| 1 | 5 |
The Mill on the Floss
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There Will Be Blood is a 2007 American epic period drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, loosely based on the 1927 novel Oil!"
}
] |
BgUp1FvdiZvcMr90Y2lC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "He also read up on oil tycoon Edward Doheny, upon whom Sinclair's book is loosely based."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "to There Will Be Blood because he felt \"there's not enough of the book to feel like it's a proper adaptation\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There Will Be Blood is a 2007 American epic period drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, loosely based on the 1927 novel Oil!"
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Top ten lists | Decade-end lists",
"text": "For the final word on Blood, I'll quote Plainview: \" It was one goddamn hell of a show.\" Chicago Tribune and"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "And at a certain point, I became aware of the stuff he was basing it on."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "We were really unfaithful to the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Top ten lists",
"text": "The film was on the American Film Institute's 10 Movies of the Year; AFI's jury said: There Will Be Blood is bravura film-making by one of American film's modern masters."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "According to Day-Lewis, being asked to do the film was enough to convince him."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "But the book was a great stepping-stone."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Top ten lists | Decade-end lists",
"text": "Review aggregator site Metacritic, when comparing over 40 'top ten of the decade' lists from various notable publications, found There Will Be Blood to be the most mentioned, appearing on 46% of critics' lists and being ranked the decade's best film on five of them."
}
] |
There Will Be Blood was based partly on a book.
| 0 | 0 |
There Will Be Blood
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Heir presumptive",
"text": "Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night, studied with private tutors to a regular timetable, and spent her play-hours with her dolls and her King Charles Spaniel, Dash."
},
{
"section_header": "Heir presumptive",
"text": "Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called \"Kensington System\", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover."
}
] |
BgV16OUuxMvmrZ3Yb31C
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "She became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace and inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall as well as being granted a civil list allowance of £385,000 per year."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen, and consequently resigned his commission, allowing Melbourne to return to office."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "They, and others, conclude that as a person Victoria was emotional, obstinate, honest, and straight-talking."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage",
"text": "Victoria showed interest in Albert's education for the future role he would have to play as her husband, but she resisted attempts to rush her into wedlock."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their children married into royal and noble families across the continent, earning Victoria"
},
{
"section_header": "Birth and family",
"text": "The Prince Regent had no surviving children, and the Duke of York had no children; further, both were estranged from their wives, who were both past child-bearing age, so the two eldest brothers were unlikely to have any further legitimate children."
},
{
"section_header": "Heir presumptive",
"text": "Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night, studied with private tutors to a regular timetable, and spent her play-hours with her dolls and her King Charles Spaniel, Dash."
},
{
"section_header": "1842–1860",
"text": "In Ireland, Victoria was labelled \"The Famine Queen\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Heir presumptive",
"text": "The Duchess avoided the court because she was scandalised by the presence of King William's illegitimate children."
},
{
"section_header": "1842–1860",
"text": "The Queen felt \"sick at heart\" to see her daughter leave England for Germany; \"It really makes me shudder\", she wrote to Princess Victoria in one of her frequent letters, \"when I look round to all your sweet, happy, unconscious sisters, and think I must give them up too – one by one.\" Almost exactly a year later, the Princess gave birth to the Queen's first grandchild, Wilhelm, who would become the last German Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Heir presumptive",
"text": "Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called \"Kensington System\", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover."
}
] |
Queen Victoria was seldomly allowed to play with other children when growing up.
| 0 | 0 |
Queen Victoria
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel has been adapted into two Russian films: The Iron Heel (1919) and The Iron Heel of Oligarchy (1999)."
}
] |
BiorvsR6tEYy25iwRQUj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Iron Heel is a dystopian novel by American writer Jack London, first published in 1908.Generally considered to be \"the earliest of the modern dystopian\" fiction, it chronicles the rise of an oligarchic tyranny in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and effects",
"text": "London's novella The Scarlet Plague (1912), and some of his short stories, are placed in a dystopian future setting that closely resembles that of The Iron Heel, although there is no actual continuity of situations or characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Most crucially, though London placed quite accurately the time when international tensions will reach their peak (1913 in \"The Iron Heel\", 1914 in actual history), he (like many others at the time) predicted that when this moment came, labor solidarity would prevent a war that would include the US, Germany and other nations."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel has been adapted into two Russian films: The Iron Heel (1919) and The Iron Heel of Oligarchy (1999)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In The Iron Heel, Jack London's socialist views are explicitly on display."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Indeed, the tragic turn in the novel (and Jack London's core warning to his contemporaries) is the treachery of these favored unions which break with the other unions and side with the Oligarchy."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "This prompted later publishers of London's book to use a cover illustration depicting a poster of Allende being ground beneath the heel of a boot."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and effects",
"text": "\"Chapter 7 of The Iron Heel is an almost verbatim copy of an ironic essay by Frank Harris (see Jack London § Plagiarism accusations)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The Oligarchy is the largest monopoly of trusts (or robber barons) who manage to squeeze out the middle class by bankrupting most small to mid-sized business as well as reducing all farmers to effective serfdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The Manuscript itself covers the years 1912 through 1932 in which the Oligarchy (or \"Iron Heel\") arose in the United States."
}
] |
The Iron Heel is a dystopian book that has been turned into 2 different movies that came out of Russia.
| 0 | 0 |
The Iron Heel
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Playing for the Cardinals against Brooklyn at Ebbets Field on September 16, 1924, Bottomley set the all-time single game RBI record with 12.Born in Oglesby, Illinois, Bottomley grew up in Nokomis, Illinois."
}
] |
Bisygm8BgUlvNCoX7kjA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After suffering a heart attack, Bottomley and his wife retired to raise cattle in Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Playing for the Cardinals against Brooklyn at Ebbets Field on September 16, 1924, Bottomley set the all-time single game RBI record with 12.Born in Oglesby, Illinois, Bottomley grew up in Nokomis, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bottomley was born on April 23, 1900, to Elizabeth (née Carter) and John Bottomley in Oglesby, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He dropped out of high school at the age of 16 to raise money for his family."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His family later moved to Nokomis, Illinois, where Bottomley enrolled in grade school and Nokomis High School."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "The couple had no children. After he retired from baseball in 1938, Bottomley and his wife moved to the Bourbon, Missouri, area, where he raised Hereford cattle."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "A museum in Nokomis, Illinois, the Bottomley-Ruffing-Schalk Baseball Museum, is dedicated to Bottomley and fellow Hall of Famers Ray Schalk and Red Ruffing, who were also Nokomis residents."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Bottomley threatened to quit baseball in a salary dispute with the Reds, as he attempted to negotiate a raise from his $8,000 salary ($158,005 in current dollar terms), a reduction from the $13,000 salary ($243,607 in current dollar terms) he earned with the Cardinals the previous year."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "Bottomley batted .298 for the 1936 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "Bottomley decided to return to baseball in 1937."
}
] |
Bottomley was raised in Illinois.
| 0 | 1 |
Jim Bottomley
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20."
}
] |
Biz95wK5tzL9u4Oe3dkj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Conquest of the Persian Empire | Persia",
"text": "Alexander stayed in Persepolis for five months."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Lineage and childhood",
"text": "When Alexander was ten years old, a trader from Thessaly brought Philip a horse, which he offered to sell for thirteen talents."
},
{
"section_header": "King of Macedon | Consolidation of power",
"text": "Alexander began his reign by eliminating potential rivals to the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and succession | After death",
"text": "His son and successor, Caracalla, a great admirer, visited the tomb during his own reign."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He founded some twenty cities that bore his name, most notably Alexandria in Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Influence on Rome",
"text": "Pompey the Great adopted the epithet \"Magnus\" and even Alexander's anastole-type haircut, and searched the conquered lands of the east for Alexander's 260-year-old cloak, which he then wore as a sign of greatness."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Founding of cities",
"text": "Over the course of his conquests, Alexander founded some twenty cities that bore his name, most of them east of the Tigris."
},
{
"section_header": "Last years in Persia",
"text": "In an attempt to craft a lasting harmony between his Macedonian and Persian subjects, Alexander held a mass marriage of his senior officers to Persian and other noblewomen at Susa, but few of those marriages seem to have lasted much beyond a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and succession | Will",
"text": "Craterus started to carry out Alexander's commands, but the successors chose not to further implement them, on the grounds they were impractical and extravagant."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Lineage and childhood",
"text": "When the animal died (because of old age, according to Plutarch, at age thirty), Alexander named a city after him, Bucephala."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20."
}
] |
Alexander the Great started his reign when Alexander the Great was twenty five years old.
| 3 | 6 |
Alexander the Great
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Sports sponsorships | NASCAR",
"text": "In 2012, Danica Patrick moved from the IndyCar Racing Series to race full-time in the NASCAR Nationwide Series in the #7 and part-time in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series in the #10 for Stewart Haas Racing where GoDaddy.com was the primary sponsor for the full season on both cars."
}
] |
Bj9i0bb8dQcisLfpjxba
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Sports sponsorships | NASCAR",
"text": "After a successful 2008 season, GoDaddy is expanding its 2009 NASCAR sponsorship with the JR Motorsports organisation, sponsoring 20 Nationwide Series races as primary sponsor, split between the #5 and #88 teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Sports sponsorships | NASCAR",
"text": "In 2012, Danica Patrick moved from the IndyCar Racing Series to race full-time in the NASCAR Nationwide Series in the #7 and part-time in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series in the #10 for Stewart Haas Racing where GoDaddy.com was the primary sponsor for the full season on both cars."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Sports sponsorships | NASCAR",
"text": "GoDaddy will also be the primary sponsor for seven races in the Sprint Cup Series with Keselowski driving."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Sports sponsorships | NASCAR",
"text": "GoDaddy sponsored Brad Keselowski in the #25 for Hendrick Motorsports on a limited basis in the Sprint Cup series (owing to the \"part-time rookie exemption\" to a four-car limit)."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Sports sponsorships | NASCAR",
"text": "GoDaddy chose not to continue its sponsorship of NASCAR in 2016, intending to shift sponsorship to avenues with greater international reach."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Sports sponsorships | NASCAR",
"text": "After finishing 10th in the Nationwide Series standings with one pole award in 2012, Patrick moved to full-time in the Sprint Cup Series in 2013 where GoDaddy sponsored her full season schedule."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Sports sponsorships | NASCAR",
"text": "GoDaddy.com signed a one-year deal with Darlington Raceway to sponsor the 53rd Annual Rebel 500, the fifth-oldest race on the Sprint Cup circuit."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Sports sponsorships | NASCAR",
"text": "The #88 deal gave Keselowski a full 35-race NASCAR Nationwide Series sponsorship for 2009 split with Delphi and Unilever."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Sports sponsorships | NASCAR",
"text": "For 2010, the Hendrick/GoDaddy association continued; Danica Patrick drove a 12 race schedule in the #7 GoDaddy.com Chevrolet for JR Motorsports, while GoDaddy.com was also the primary sponsor for Mark Martin in the #5 Chevrolet Impala for most of the 2010 and 2011 seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Sports sponsorships | NASCAR",
"text": "In the same season, Keselowski scored a second Nationwide victory in the #88 GoDaddy.com Chevrolet at the first ever NASCAR race at Iowa Speedway and then at Michigan."
}
] |
GoDaddy sponsors NASCAR.
| 0 | 0 |
GoDaddy
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Agnes Robertson Moorehead (December 6, 1900 – April 30, 1974) was an American actress whose 41-year career included work in radio, stage, film, and television."
}
] |
BlNhd5Ax4WX06lAUIl4I
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Moorehead's early career was unsteady, and although she was able to find stage work, she was often unemployed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Agnes Robertson Moorehead (December 6, 1900 – April 30, 1974) was an American actress whose 41-year career included work in radio, stage, film, and television."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "When she was rejected as not being \"the right type\", Moorehead returned to radio."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Although her father did not discourage her acting ambitions, he insisted that she obtain a formal education."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She found work in radio and was soon in demand, often working on several programs in a single day."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Radio",
"text": "Moorehead played a selfish, neurotic woman who overhears a murder being plotted via crossed phone wires and eventually realizes she is the intended victim."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Bewitched",
"text": "She commented to the New York Times in 1974, \"I've been in movies and played theater from coast to coast, so I was quite well known before Bewitched, and I don't particularly want to be identified as a witch.\" Later that year, she said she had enjoyed playing the role, but it was not challenging and the show itself was \"not breathtaking\", although her flamboyant and colorful character appealed to children."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Films of the 1950s–1960s",
"text": "In the 1950s, Moorehead continued to work in films and appeared on stage across the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Moorehead later claimed that she was born in 1906 in order to appear younger for acting parts."
},
{
"section_header": "Radio credits",
"text": "Moorehead appeared on hundreds of individual broadcasts across a radio career that spanned from 1926 to her final two appearances, on CBS Radio Mystery Theatre in 1974."
}
] |
Although Agnes Moorehead came to be known for her 42 year acting career, she also worked in radio.
| 0 | 0 |
Agnes Moorehead
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | 1673–1690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt)",
"text": "In 1677, Pachelbel moved to Eisenach, where he found employment as court organist under Kapellmeister Daniel Eberlin (also a native of Nuremberg), in the employ of Johann Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1673–1690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt)",
"text": "Pachelbel spent five years in Vienna, absorbing the music of Catholic composers from southern Germany and Italy."
}
] |
Bla1B40kazjtpOgV1Sjv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | 1673–1690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt)",
"text": "Pachelbel was left unemployed."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1673–1690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt)",
"text": "He met members of the Bach family in Eisenach (which was the home city of J. S. Bach's father, Johann Ambrosius Bach), and became a close friend of Johann Ambrosius and tutor to his children."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1673–1690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt)",
"text": "With this document, Pachelbel left Eisenach on 18 May 1678."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard music | Chaconnes and variations",
"text": "The D major, D minor and F minor chaconnes are among Pachelbel's most well-known organ pieces, and the latter is often cited as his best organ work."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1673–1690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt)",
"text": "Prentz left for Eichstätt in 1672."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1673–1690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt)",
"text": "This period of Pachelbel's life is the least documented one, so it is unknown whether he stayed in Regensburg until 1673 or left the same year his teacher did; at any rate, by 1673 Pachelbel was living in Vienna, where he became a deputy organist at the Saint Stephen Cathedral."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, Pachelbel is best known for the Canon in D, as well as the Chaconne in F minor, the Toccata in E minor for organ, and the Hexachordum Apollinis, a set of keyboard variations."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard music | Chaconnes and variations",
"text": "Johann Sebastian Bach's early organ partitas."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1673–1690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt)",
"text": "Pachelbel became godfather to Johann Ambrosius' daughter, Johanna Juditha, taught Johann Christoph Bach (1671–1721), Johann Sebastian's eldest brother, and lived in Johann Christian Bach's (1640–1682) house."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1673–1690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt)",
"text": "Georg Muffat lived in the city for some time, and, most importantly, Johann Caspar Kerll moved to Vienna in 1673."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1673–1690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt)",
"text": "In 1677, Pachelbel moved to Eisenach, where he found employment as court organist under Kapellmeister Daniel Eberlin (also a native of Nuremberg), in the employ of Johann Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1673–1690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt)",
"text": "Pachelbel spent five years in Vienna, absorbing the music of Catholic composers from southern Germany and Italy."
}
] |
After he left Vienna, Johann Pachelbel worked for a member of minor nobility as the official organ player.
| 0 | 0 |
Johann Pachelbel
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He achieved his first number-one album in the US in 2015 with his recording Before This World."
}
] |
BmCZeIlVcYHUQAHNwabK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition | Other recognition",
"text": ": Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A five-time Grammy Award winner, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition | Other recognition",
"text": "2000 : Inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He achieved his first number-one album in the US in 2015 with his recording Before This World."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Vernon Taylor (born March 12, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition | Other recognition",
"text": "2009 : Inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1973–1976: Career ups and downs",
"text": "No. 16 and being criticized, particularly by Rolling Stone."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970–1972: Fame and commercial success",
"text": "Sweet Baby James was received at its time as a folk-rock masterpiece, an album that effectively showcased Taylor's talents to the mainstream public, marking a direction he would take in following years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970–1972: Fame and commercial success",
"text": "Reception was generally lukewarm and, despite making the Top 10 of the Billboard Album Charts, its overall sales were disappointing."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–present: Comeback",
"text": "American Standard debuted at #4 on the Billboard 200 albums chart, making Taylor the first act to earn a top 10 album in each of the last six decades."
}
] |
American singer-songwriter and guitarist, James Taylor, got his first number one album in 2015 despite being inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000.
| 0 | 4 |
James Taylor
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rube Marquard was born in Cleveland, Ohio to German immigrant Fred Marquard and Lena Heiser Marquard."
}
] |
BmTaicFVenxP8kbDHFFX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His selection has often been criticized by the sabermetrics community, since Marquard's career adjusted ERA+ was only slightly better than league average."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "As he told it in The Glory of Their Times, a writer in his minor league days compared him favorably with Rube Waddell, and very soon Marquard was being called \"Rube\" also."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rube Marquard was born in Cleveland, Ohio to German immigrant Fred Marquard and Lena Heiser Marquard."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Richard William \"Rube\" Marquard (October 9, 1886 – June 1, 1980) was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball in the 1910s and early 1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "His 1,593 strikeouts ranked third in major league history among left-handers at the time (behind Rube Waddell and Eddie Plank), and stood as the National League record for southpaws until his total was surpassed by Carl Hubbell, another New York Giant, in 1942."
}
] |
Rube Marquard's parents had British roots.
| 4 | 6 |
Rube Marquard
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy and lawsuits",
"text": "While factors contributing to estimates are described elsewhere, Zillow seemingly overemphasises home square footage as the major metric driving property valuation."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and lawsuits",
"text": "Listings in areas where land is priced at high premiums often reflect an identical Zillow Estimate to that of nearby homes with comparable interior square footage, but where the home might be decades older."
}
] |
Bmkmyu7v8rRAGjj3C9II
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy and lawsuits",
"text": "Condition, age of home, special features, proximity to nuisances are insufficiently factored into the estimate."
},
{
"section_header": "Website features",
"text": "It also provides basic information on a given home, such as square footage and the number of bedrooms and bathrooms."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and lawsuits",
"text": "While factors contributing to estimates are described elsewhere, Zillow seemingly overemphasises home square footage as the major metric driving property valuation."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and lawsuits",
"text": "Listings in areas where land is priced at high premiums often reflect an identical Zillow Estimate to that of nearby homes with comparable interior square footage, but where the home might be decades older."
},
{
"section_header": "Website features | Real estate market reports",
"text": "Zillow produces home value reports for the nation and over 130 metropolitan statistical areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Website features",
"text": "In July 2014, Zillow also took over the real estate portal for MSN Real Estate."
},
{
"section_header": "Website features",
"text": "The company offers several features including value estimates of homes, value changes of each home in a given time frame, aerial views of homes, and prices of comparable homes in the area."
},
{
"section_header": "Website features | Real estate market reports",
"text": "The survey is conducted by Harris Interactive and measures homeowners' perceptions about home value changes of their own home and the local market."
},
{
"section_header": "Website features",
"text": "Zillow has data on approximately 110 million homes across the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Website features",
"text": "In December 2009, Zillow expanded its listings to include rental homes."
}
] |
Zillow over emphasized square footage and did not take into consideration the condition or age of the home.
| 2 | 3 |
Zillow
|
NOCAT
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Election",
"text": "Pius IX was crowned on 21 June 1846."
}
] |
BnbTgePaLqWQYZ3gVzKo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Governing the church | Canonizations and beatifications",
"text": "He canonized notable saints such as the Martyrs of Japan (8 June 1862), Josaphat Kuntsevych (29 June 1867), and Nicholas Pieck (29 June 1867)."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Governing the church | Canonizations and beatifications",
"text": "Pope Pius IX canonized 52 saints during his pontificate."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Election",
"text": "Pius IX was crowned on 21 June 1846."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Election",
"text": "By the second day of the conclave, on 16 June 1846, during an evening ballot, Mastai Ferretti was elected pope."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Having started as a liberal, Pius IX turned conservative after being chased from Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Plans to leave Rome",
"text": "Several times during his pontificate, Pius IX considered leaving Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pius IX (Italian: Pio IX; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was Pope from 1846, the longest-reigning Roman Pope."
},
{
"section_header": "Last years and death",
"text": "Pope Pius IX died on 7 February 1878, aged 85, concluding the longest pontificate in papal history, after that of Saint Peter, whom tradition holds had reigned for 37 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Policies toward other nations | United Kingdom",
"text": "Pius donated money to Ireland during the Great Famine."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In two nights after his 1846 pardon freeing all political prisoners, thousands of Romans with torches roamed to the Quirinal Palace, where Pius IX lived, celebrating the pope with Evvivas, speeches and music through both nights."
}
] |
Pius IX canonized many notable saints during his pontifcation starting June 1846.
| 1 | 6 |
Pope Pius IX
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Pitching repertoire",
"text": "His pitching featured the knuckleball, which frustrated major league hitters."
}
] |
Bnc2igJko1qZHwjImXrE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pitching repertoire",
"text": "Ralph Kiner compared Niekro's special pitch to \"watching Mario Andretti park a car.\" Pete Rose said, \"I work for three weeks to get my swing down pat and Phil messes it up in one night... Trying to hit that thing is a miserable way to make a living.\" Catcher Bob Uecker was also frustrated by the pitch at times, saying, \"Niekro struck out a hitter once"
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1987)",
"text": "On September 23, 1987, Niekro signed with the Atlanta Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1970-1979",
"text": "The no-hitter was the first for the Braves after moving to Atlanta."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1964-1969",
"text": "Niekro's playoff loss came against Seaver."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1980-1983",
"text": "On October 1, with the Braves clinging to a one-game lead over the Los Angeles Dodgers, Niekro beat the San Diego Padres almost single-handedly by throwing a complete game shutout and hitting a two-run home run."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1987)",
"text": "His total of 5,404⅓ innings pitched is the most by any pitcher in the post-1920 live-ball era."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "The Gwinnett Braves' home, Coolray Field, has a restaurant, Niekro's, named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1964-1969",
"text": "Before the 1968 season, sportswriter Fred Down described the Braves' pitching staff as \"chaotic\" and reported that team leadership was planning to use Niekro as both a starter and a reliever in the coming season."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He was the only player elected that year; Tony Pérez and Don Sutton were among the notable players who were not elected."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1970-1979",
"text": "In 1974, Niekro led the league in several pitching categories, including wins (20), complete games (18), and innings pitched (302.1)."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching repertoire",
"text": "His pitching featured the knuckleball, which frustrated major league hitters."
}
] |
Phil Niekro's most notable pitch was his fastball, which inspired many complaints over his career, from the Atlanta Braves all the way back to the Atlanta Braves.
| 0 | 0 |
Phil Niekro
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "The May 1911 death of composer Gustav Mahler in Vienna and Mann's interest in the boy Władzio during summer 1911 vacation in Venice (more below) were additional experiences occupying his thoughts."
}
] |
Bo9EUlDmo03Ajf20sX1R
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Allusions",
"text": "The trope of placing classical deities in contemporary settings was popular at the time when Mann was writing Death in Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Benjamin Britten transformed Death in Venice into an opera, his last, in 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A film of Death in Venice starring Dirk Bogarde was made by Luchino Visconti in 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "It was first published in book form in English in 1925 as Death in Venice and Other Stories, translated by Kenneth Burke."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Death in Venice is a novella written by the German author Thomas Mann and was first published in 1912 as Der Tod in Venedig."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "The May 1911 death of composer Gustav Mahler in Vienna and Mann's interest in the boy Władzio during summer 1911 vacation in Venice (more below) were additional experiences occupying his thoughts."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions",
"text": "Eventually, like Aschenbach, Diaghilev died in Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He watches him constantly and secretly follows him around Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "The real Tadzio",
"text": "He was aged 10 when he was in Venice, significantly younger than Tadzio in the novella."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions",
"text": "There are allusions to his poems about Venice in the novella and, like Aschenbach, he died of cholera on an Italian island."
}
] |
Death in Venice is not set in Venice.
| 0 | 0 |
Death in Venice
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Penny shoots a doe, orphaning its young fawn, in order to use its liver to draw out the snake's venom, which saves Penny's life."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Young Jody Baxter lives with his parents, Ora and Ezra \"Penny\" Baxter, on a small farm in the animal-filled central Florida backwoods in the 1870s."
}
] |
BoJzNjhOWSEvJYJdAgBi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "When his mother shoots the deer and wounds him, Jody is then forced to shoot Flag in the neck himself, killing the yearling."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Yearling is a novel by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings published in March 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It won the 1939 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He advised her to write about what she knew from her own life, and The Yearling was the result."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Fodder-wing Forrester: Jody's best friend."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the best-selling novel in America in 1938 and the seventh-best in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The book then focuses on Jody's life as he matures along with Flag."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A 2012 song by singer/songwriter Andrew Peterson, \"The Ballad of Jody Baxter\", deals with themes from The Yearling."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Jody's father orders him to take Flag into the woods and shoot him, but Jody cannot bring himself to do it."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Ora Baxter: Jody's mother. She is introduced on page 20 as \"Ora.\" Penny calls her \"Ory\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Penny shoots a doe, orphaning its young fawn, in order to use its liver to draw out the snake's venom, which saves Penny's life."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Young Jody Baxter lives with his parents, Ora and Ezra \"Penny\" Baxter, on a small farm in the animal-filled central Florida backwoods in the 1870s."
}
] |
In the novel The Yearling, Jody's dad kills a female deer.
| 0 | 0 |
The Yearling
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Retirement | Initial years",
"text": "During the first four years of retirement, Adams made little effort to contact others, but eventually resumed contact with old acquaintances such as Benjamin Waterhouse and Benjamin Rush."
}
] |
BoPmT9Hg3EgHqDNE36wU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Retirement | Correspondence with Jefferson",
"text": "Aside from that, by 1812 there had been no communication between Peacefield and Monticello since Adams left office."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice presidency, 1789–1797 | Tenure",
"text": "Adams played a minor role in politics as vice president."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement | Initial years",
"text": "During the first four years of retirement, Adams made little effort to contact others, but eventually resumed contact with old acquaintances such as Benjamin Waterhouse and Benjamin Rush."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement | Initial years",
"text": "\"After Jefferson's retirement from public life in 1809, Adams became more vocal."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1797–1801 | Quasi-War",
"text": "Hamilton strongly criticized the decision, as did Adams's cabinet members, who maintained frequent communication with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation",
"text": "In the years following his retirement from public life, as first Jeffersonianism and then Jacksonian democracy grew to dominate American politics, Adams was largely forgotten."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement | Last years and death",
"text": "At 90, Adams became the longest-lived US president until Ronald Reagan surpassed him in 2001.John and Abigail Adams's crypt at United First Parish Church in Quincy, Massachusetts, also contains the bodies of John Quincy and Louisa Adams."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice presidency, 1789–1797 | Election",
"text": "As a result, Washington became the nation's first president, and Adams became its first vice president."
},
{
"section_header": "Diplomatic service | Ambassador to Great Britain",
"text": "Adams was appointed the first American ambassador to Great Britain in 1785."
},
{
"section_header": "Political writings | Massachusetts Constitution",
"text": "It was the first constitution written by a special committee, then ratified by the people; and was the first to feature a bicameral legislature."
}
] |
Adams had minor communication with anyone at first after he retired.
| 1 | 5 |
John Adams
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "King of Macedon | Accession",
"text": "Alexander was proclaimed king on the spot by the nobles and army at the age of 20."
}
] |
BpAZ7yHZnY4vQk0XTIKe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Last years in Persia",
"text": "The Macedonians quickly begged forgiveness, which Alexander accepted, and held a great banquet for several thousand of his men at which he and they ate together."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Hellenization | Hellenization in South and Central Asia",
"text": "One Greek king, Menander I, probably became Buddhist, and was immortalized in Buddhist literature as 'Milinda'."
},
{
"section_header": "Indian campaign | Forays into the Indian subcontinent",
"text": "but he also presented him with a wardrobe of \"Persian robes, gold and silver ornaments, 30 horses and 1,000 talents in gold\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Lineage and childhood",
"text": "Such legends may have emerged when Alexander was king, and possibly at his instigation, to show that he was superhuman and destined for greatness from conception."
},
{
"section_header": "King of Macedon | Balkan campaign",
"text": "News then reached Alexander that Cleitus, King of Illyria, and King Glaukias of the Taulantii were in open revolt against his authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was undefeated in battle and became the measure against which military leaders compared themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "King of Macedon | Accession",
"text": "Alexander was proclaimed king on the spot by the nobles and army at the age of 20."
},
{
"section_header": "Last years in Persia",
"text": "Alexander admired Cyrus the Great, from an early age reading Xenophon's Cyropaedia, which described Cyrus's heroism in battle and governance as a king and legislator."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Some of the cities he founded became major cultural centers, many surviving into the 21st century."
},
{
"section_header": "Character | Personal relationships",
"text": "According to Diodorus Siculus, Alexander accumulated a harem in the style of Persian kings, but he used it rather sparingly, showing great self-control in \"pleasures of the body\"."
}
] |
Alexander the Great became king at 30.
| 0 | 0 |
Alexander the Great
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "He chose the city of Halicarnassus."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "Mausolus decided to build a new capital, one as safe from capture as it was magnificent to be seen."
}
] |
BpzXKOXoCHK4ipUjGqmj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "Mausolus decided to build a new capital, one as safe from capture as it was magnificent to be seen."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "By AD 1404, only the base of the Mausoleum was still recognizable."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "The tomb became so famous that Mausolus's name is now the eponym for all stately tombs, in the word mausoleum."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "Instead Newton studied the accounts of ancient writers like Pliny to obtain the approximate size and location of the memorial, then bought a plot of land in the most likely location."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "He was able to locate some walls, a staircase, and finally three of the corners of the foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "During the fortification work, a party of knights entered the base of the monument and discovered the room containing a great coffin."
},
{
"section_header": "Conquest",
"text": "In the 4th century BC, Halicarnassus was the capital of a small regional kingdom of Caria within the Achaemenid Empire on the western coast of Asia Minor."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "Suleiman the Magnificent conquered the base of the knights on the island of Rhodes, who then relocated first briefly to Sicily and later permanently to Malta, leaving the Castle and Bodrum to the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "He had a difficult job. He did not know the exact location of the tomb, and the cost of buying up all the small parcels of land in the area to look for it would have been astronomical."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "In many histories of the Mausoleum one can find the following story of what happened: the party, deciding it was too late to open it that day, returned the next morning to find the tomb, and any treasure it may have contained, plundered."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "He chose the city of Halicarnassus."
}
] |
The chosen location of the Mausoleum is based on Mausolus' choice while he was alive, of making it the capital.
| 0 | 1 |
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1910, Korea was annexed by Imperial Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding",
"text": "The Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established in the North on 9 September 1948."
}
] |
BqEwxLfeH2X5JgOUDnf6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Founding",
"text": "The South declared its statehood in May 1948 and two months later the ardent anti-communist Syngman Rhee became its ruler."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1910, Korea was annexed by Imperial Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding",
"text": "Soviet forces withdrew from the North in 1948, and most American forces withdrew from the South in 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Negotiations on reunification failed, and in 1948, separate governments were formed: the socialist Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the north, and the capitalist Republic of Korea in the south."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "After the division of the country into North and South Korea, the two sides used different terms to refer to Korea: Chosun or Joseon (조선) in North Korea, and Hanguk (한국) in South Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding",
"text": "The Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established in the North on 9 September 1948."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Korean War",
"text": "The military of North Korea invaded the South on 25 June 1950, and swiftly overran most of the country."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-war developments",
"text": "North Korea remained closely aligned with China and the Soviet Union, and the Sino-Soviet split allowed Kim to play the powers off each other."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding",
"text": "One of the guerrilla leaders was the communist Kim Il-sung, who later became the first leader of North Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "Society | Health",
"text": "While North Korea is classified as a low-income country, the structure of North Korea's causes of death (2013) is unlike that of other low-income countries."
}
] |
North Korea was annexed by another country and later split in to north and south in 1948
| 2 | 3 |
North Korea
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Proposals",
"text": "The successes of the Canal du Midi in France (1681), Bridgewater Canal in Britain (1769), and Eider Canal in Denmark (1784) spurred on what was called in Britain \"canal mania\"."
}
] |
BqKuTt7tvOkyYTnv32Fe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The final leg had to be cut 30 feet (9.1 m) deep through another limestone mass, the Onondaga ridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "Concern that erosion caused by logging in the Adirondacks could silt up the canal contributed to the creation in 1885 of another New York National Historic Landmark, the Adirondack Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal",
"text": "The Erie Canal is a destination for tourists from all over the world, and has inspired guidebooks dedicated to exploration of the waterway."
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal | Parks and museums",
"text": "Erie Canal Museum in downtown Syracuse"
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal | Parks and museums",
"text": "Camillus Erie Canal Park in Camillus"
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal",
"text": "An Erie Canal Cruise company, based in Herkimer, operates from mid-May until mid-October with daily cruises."
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal",
"text": "Records of the planning, design, construction, and administration of the Erie Canal are vast and can be found in the New York State Archives."
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal",
"text": "Sections of the old Erie Canal not used after 1918 are owned by New York State, or have been ceded to or purchased by counties or municipalities."
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal | Parks and museums",
"text": "Old Erie Canal Lock 60 Park in Macedon"
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal",
"text": "Camillus Erie Canal Park preserves a 7-mile (11 km) stretch and has restored Nine Mile Creek Aqueduct, built in 1841 as part of the First Enlargement of the canal."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Proposals",
"text": "The successes of the Canal du Midi in France (1681), Bridgewater Canal in Britain (1769), and Eider Canal in Denmark (1784) spurred on what was called in Britain \"canal mania\"."
}
] |
There is another Erie Canal in Poland.
| 0 | 0 |
Erie Canal
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He lettered three years in both basketball and baseball."
}
] |
BqT6GHmne1Vz7skx6Ngo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Alston played minor league baseball as an infielder for the Greenwood Chiefs and Huntington Red Birds in 1935 and 1936, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Walter Emmons Alston (December 1, 1911 – October 1, 1984), nicknamed \"Smokey\", was an American baseball player and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Ohio State Route 177 was named the Walter \"Smokey\" Alston Memorial Highway in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "After his two seasons with Trenton, Alston served as a player-manager for the first integrated U.S. baseball team based in the twentieth century, the Nashua Dodgers of the Class-B New England League."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "For his 13-season minor league playing career, Alston hit .295 with 176 home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Alston played for the Portsmouth Red Birds in 1938, finishing the season with a .311 average and 28 home runs as Portsmouth won its only Middle Atlantic League championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He appeared as a player in two games, which were his final professional playing appearances."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alston was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Minor leagues",
"text": "During the baseball off-season, Alston worked as a teacher in Darrtown."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Major leagues | Brooklyn Dodgers",
"text": "Alston was an unknown at the major league level and the New York Daily News reported his hiring with the headline \"Walter Who?\"Becoming immediately known for his quiet nature, Alston was sometimes referred to as \"The Quiet Man\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He lettered three years in both basketball and baseball."
}
] |
Walter Alston only played baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
Walter Alston
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Archaeological excavations in and around Thebes have revealed a Mycenaean settlement and clay tablets written in the Linear B script, indicating the importance of the site in the Bronze Age."
}
] |
Bqio9bP3rBmszsKLOpDq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Modern town",
"text": "Today, Thebes is a bustling market town, known for its many products and wares."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern town",
"text": "The proximity to other, more famous travel destinations, like Athens and Chalkis, and the undeveloped archaeological sites have kept the tourist numbers low."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The modern city contains an Archaeological Museum, the remains of the Cadmea (Bronze Age and forward citadel), and scattered ancient remains."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern town",
"text": "In the modern Greek State, Thebes was the capital of the prefecture of Boeotia until the late 19th century, when Livadeia became the capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Modern Thebes is the largest town of the regional unit of Boeotia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Archaeological excavations in and around Thebes have revealed a Mycenaean settlement and clay tablets written in the Linear B script, indicating the importance of the site in the Bronze Age."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern town",
"text": "Tourism in the area is based mainly in Thebes and the surrounding villages, where many places of interest related to antiquity exist such as the battlefield where the Battle of Plataea took place."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Mythic record",
"text": "See Theban pederasty and Pederasty in ancient Greece for detailed discussion and background."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern town",
"text": "Until the 1980s, it had a flourishing agrarian production with some industrial complexes."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern town",
"text": "However, during the late 1980s and 1990s the bulk of industry moved further south, closer to Athens."
}
] |
Thebes in Greece is an ancient archaeological site and a modern market town.
| 0 | 0 |
Thebes, Greece
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Philip's heir | Exile and return",
"text": "At which Alexander reproachfully insulted over him: \"See there,\" said he, \"the man who makes preparations to pass out of Europe into Asia, overturned in passing from one seat to another.\" In 337 BC, Alexander fled Macedon with his mother, dropping her off with her brother, King Alexander I of Epirus in Dodona, capital of the Molossians."
},
{
"section_header": "Philip's heir | Exile and return",
"text": "He continued to Illyria, where he sought refuge with one or more Illyrian kings, perhaps with Glaukias, and was treated as a guest, despite having defeated them in battle a few years before."
}
] |
BrdS3MnlbcSstJcDixmD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Conquest of the Persian Empire | Asia Minor",
"text": "From Pamphylia onwards the coast held no major ports and Alexander moved inland."
},
{
"section_header": "King of Macedon | Balkan campaign",
"text": "Before crossing to Asia, Alexander wanted to safeguard his northern borders."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Hellenistic kingdoms",
"text": "Taking advantage of this power vacuum, Chandragupta Maurya (referred to in Greek sources as \"Sandrokottos\"), of relatively humble origin, took control of the Punjab, and with that power base proceeded to conquer the Nanda Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Hellenization",
"text": "That this export took place is undoubted, and can be seen in the great Hellenistic cities of, for instance, Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia (south of modern Baghdad)."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and succession | After death",
"text": "While Alexander's funeral cortege was on its way to Macedon, Ptolemy seized it and took it temporarily to Memphis."
},
{
"section_header": "King of Macedon | Consolidation of power",
"text": "\" At Corinth, Alexander took the title of Hegemon (\"leader\") and, like Philip, was appointed commander for the coming war against Persia."
},
{
"section_header": "King of Macedon | Consolidation of power",
"text": "Alexander stopped at Thermopylae, where he was recognized as the leader of the Amphictyonic League before heading south to Corinth."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Hellenistic kingdoms",
"text": "However, the power vacuum he left in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent directly gave rise to one of the most powerful Indian dynasties in history, the Maurya Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Conquest of the Persian Empire | Persia",
"text": "Alexander himself took selected troops on the direct route to the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Conquest of the Persian Empire | Fall of the Empire and the East",
"text": "As Alexander approached, Bessus had his men fatally stab the Great King and then declared himself Darius' successor as Artaxerxes V, before retreating into Central Asia to launch a guerrilla campaign against Alexander."
},
{
"section_header": "Philip's heir | Exile and return",
"text": "At which Alexander reproachfully insulted over him: \"See there,\" said he, \"the man who makes preparations to pass out of Europe into Asia, overturned in passing from one seat to another.\" In 337 BC, Alexander fled Macedon with his mother, dropping her off with her brother, King Alexander I of Epirus in Dodona, capital of the Molossians."
},
{
"section_header": "Philip's heir | Exile and return",
"text": "He continued to Illyria, where he sought refuge with one or more Illyrian kings, perhaps with Glaukias, and was treated as a guest, despite having defeated them in battle a few years before."
}
] |
Alexander the Great took his mom to his brother's kingdom before moving on to Macedon.
| 0 | 0 |
Alexander the Great
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church."
}
] |
BriHZqO2bMWkf2Jhh2VI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Internal policy and reforms",
"text": "His writings treat mainly of the principles and practice of Church government."
},
{
"section_header": "Internal policy and reforms",
"text": "Thus Gregory VII, as a politician wanting to achieve some result, was driven in practice to adopt a different standpoint."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of conflict with the Emperor | Walk to Canossa",
"text": "The reconciliation was only effected after prolonged negotiations and definite pledges on the part of Henry, and it was with reluctance that Gregory VII at length gave way, considering the political implications."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of conflict with the Emperor | Walk to Canossa",
"text": "Henry, they declared, must make reparation to Gregory VII and pledge himself to obedience; and they decided that, if, on the anniversary of his excommunication, he still lay under the ban, the throne should be considered vacant."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Election to the papacy",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII was one of the few popes elected by acclamation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the first pope in several centuries to rigorously enforce the Western Church's ancient policy of celibacy for the clergy and also attacked the practice of simony."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII died in exile in Salerno; the epitaph on his sarcophagus in the city's Cathedral says: \"I have loved justice and hated iniquity; therefore, I die in exile.\" Gregory VII was beatified by Pope Gregory XIII in 1584 and canonized on 24 May 1728 by Pope Benedict XIII."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII ( Latin: Gregorius VII; c. 1015 – 25 May 1085), born Hildebrand of Sovana ("
},
{
"section_header": "Start of conflict with the Emperor | Pope and emperor depose each other",
"text": "When Henry IV tried to copy this procedure he was less successful, as he lacked the support of the people."
}
] |
Pope Gregory VII is considered and treated as a saint by the people who practice Catholicism.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Gregory VII
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "After the Second World War",
"text": "He held a series of low-paying jobs until finding employment at Mercedes-Benz, where he rose to department head."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture",
"text": "Several survivors of the Holocaust dedicated themselves to finding Eichmann and other Nazis, and among them was Jewish Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal."
}
] |
Bs0ufpeG3t4P2TupNkLI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Capture",
"text": "Argentina had a history of turning down extradition requests for Nazi criminals, so rather than filing a probably futile request for extradition, Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion made the decision that Eichmann should be captured and brought to Israel for trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture",
"text": "During these days, Harel tried to locate Josef Mengele, the notorious Nazi doctor from Auschwitz, as the Mossad had information that he was also living in Buenos Aires."
},
{
"section_header": "After the Second World War",
"text": "He escaped from a work detail at Cham, Germany when he realised that his actual identity had been discovered."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Information collected by the Mossad, Israel's intelligence agency, confirmed his location in 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "His parents were Adolf Karl Eichmann, a bookkeeper, and Maria (née Schefferling), a housewife."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture",
"text": "US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) documents declassified in 2006 show that the capture of Eichmann caused alarm at the CIA and West German Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Otto Adolf Eichmann, the eldest of five children, was born in 1906 to a Calvinist Protestant family in Solingen, Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War | Hungary",
"text": "Eichmann toured northeastern Hungary in the last week of April and visited Auschwitz in May to assess the preparations."
},
{
"section_header": "Trial | Appeals and execution",
"text": "Eichmann immediately petitioned Israeli President Yitzhak Ben-Zvi for clemency."
},
{
"section_header": "Trial",
"text": "As foreign lawyers had no right of audience before Israeli courts at the time of Eichmann's capture, Israeli law was modified to allow those facing capital charges to be represented by a non-Israeli lawyer."
},
{
"section_header": "After the Second World War",
"text": "He held a series of low-paying jobs until finding employment at Mercedes-Benz, where he rose to department head."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture",
"text": "Several survivors of the Holocaust dedicated themselves to finding Eichmann and other Nazis, and among them was Jewish Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal."
}
] |
Adolf Eichmann was trying to hunt down the guy who ran Auschwitz when he was discovered by Israeli intelligence in Argentina.
| 0 | 0 |
Adolf Eichmann
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later rule | Sickness and death",
"text": "It came sooner than he had expected."
},
{
"section_header": "Later rule | Sickness and death",
"text": "Constantine knew death would soon come."
}
] |
BsJV0XvhFrPC4XiUWm4h
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later rule | Sickness and death",
"text": "It has been thought that Constantine put off baptism as long as he did so as to be absolved from as much of his sin as possible."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historiography",
"text": "André Piganiol's L'empereur Constantin (1932) go against this historiographic tradition."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "There was little sympathy for these enemies; as his panegyrist declared, \"It is a stupid clemency that spares the conquered foe.\" Constantine gained his honorific of \"the Great\" from Christian historians long after he had died, but he could have claimed the title on his military achievements and victories alone."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historiography",
"text": "His nephew and son-in-law Julian the Apostate, however, wrote the satire Symposium, or the Saturnalia in 361, after the last of his sons died; it denigrated Constantine, calling him inferior to the great pagan emperors, and given over to luxury and greed."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia",
"text": "Additionally, no earlier source mentions that Helena was born in Britain, let alone that she was a princess."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Niš Constantine the Great Airport is named in honor of him."
},
{
"section_header": "Later rule | Foundation of Constantinople",
"text": "Among the various locations proposed for this alternative capital, Constantine appears to have toyed earlier with Serdica (present-day Sofia), as he was reported saying that \"Serdica is my Rome\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early rule | Maximian's rebellion",
"text": "In spite of the earlier rupture in their relations, Maxentius was eager to present himself as his father's devoted son after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil wars | War against Maxentius",
"text": "He died soon after the edict's proclamation, destroying what little remained of the tetrarchy."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil wars | Wars against Licinius",
"text": "This dubious arrangement eventually became a challenge to Constantine in the West, climaxing in the great civil war of 324."
},
{
"section_header": "Later rule | Sickness and death",
"text": "It came sooner than he had expected."
},
{
"section_header": "Later rule | Sickness and death",
"text": "Constantine knew death would soon come."
}
] |
Constantine the Great thought the he was going to parish but died earlier than he anticipated.
| 0 | 0 |
Constantine the Great
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Notre-Dame de Paris (French: [nɔtʁə dam də paʁi] (listen) ; meaning \"Our Lady of Paris\"), referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité in the 4th arrondissement of Paris."
}
] |
BsPSFP63d27jGZPMv6Fo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | 2019 fire",
"text": "The decoration was rescued from Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral after the fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Bells",
"text": "It is named after Maurice de Sully, the bishop of Paris who laid the first stone for the construction of the cathedral."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Notre-Dame de Paris (French: [nɔtʁə dam də paʁi] (listen) ; meaning \"Our Lady of Paris\"), referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité in the 4th arrondissement of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Organ | Organists",
"text": "des grands orgues) at Notre-Dame is considered one of the most prestigious organist posts in France, along with the post of titular organist of Saint Sulpice in Paris, Cavaillé-Coll's largest instrument."
},
{
"section_header": "Stained glass – rose windows",
"text": "It was given to the cathedral by King Louis IX of France, known as Saint Louis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The government of France hopes the reconstruction can be completed by Spring 2024, in time for the opening of the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Restoration",
"text": "On 26 August, a special mass was held in the cathedral to celebrate the liberation of Paris from the Germans; it was attended by General Charles De Gaulle and General Philippe Leclerc."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Restoration",
"text": "Victor Hugo, who admired the cathedral, wrote the novel Notre-Dame de Paris (published in English as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame) in 1831 to save Notre-Dame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Popular interest in the cathedral blossomed soon after the publication, in 1831, of Victor Hugo's novel Notre-Dame de Paris (better known in English as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Paris, Notre-Dame contains the cathedra of the Archbishop of Paris (Michel Aupetit)."
}
] |
Notre-Dame de Paris is a cathedral in France.
| 0 | 0 |
Notre-Dame de Paris
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower; it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom."
}
] |
BsRskAuKEZfhQakYU4S0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "On 2 June 2012, The Daily Telegraph reported that 331 Members of Parliament, including senior members of all three main parties, supported a proposal to change the name from Clock Tower to Elizabeth Tower in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II in her diamond jubilee year."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "The change was marked by a naming ceremony in which the Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow, unveiled a name plaque attached to the tower on the adjoining Speaker's Green."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower; it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "St Stephen's Tower. As MPs originally sat at St Stephen's Hall, these journalists referred to anything related to the House of Commons as news from \"St. Stephens\" (the Palace of Westminster contains a feature called St Stephen's Tower, a smaller tower over the public entrance)."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Origin",
"text": "Elizabeth Tower, previously called the Clock Tower but more popularly known as Big Ben, was raised as a part of Charles Barry's design for a new palace, after the old Palace of Westminster was largely destroyed by fire on the night of 16 October 1834."
},
{
"section_header": "2017 renovation",
"text": "The cost of addressing the new problems was estimated at ₤18.6 million, bringing the total budget for restoring the Elizabeth Tower to nearly ₤80 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "On 26 June 2012, the House of Commons confirmed that the name change could go ahead."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "This was thought to be appropriate because the large west tower now known as Victoria Tower was renamed in tribute to Queen Victoria on her diamond jubilee."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "The Prime Minister, David Cameron, announced the change of name on 12 September 2012 at the start of Prime Minister's Questions."
},
{
"section_header": "2017 renovation",
"text": "In February 2020 it was confirmed that the renovations had revealed that the Elizabeth Tower had sustained greater damage than originally thought in the May 1941 bombing raid that destroyed the adjacent House of Commons."
}
] |
Elizabeth Tower is the new name of the Tower.
| 0 | 0 |
Big Ben
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960."
}
] |
BsnhqDwgVaSBWaN2lXyp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Courage and compassion",
"text": "Charles J. Shields, who wrote the first book-length biography of Harper Lee, offers the reason for the novel's enduring popularity and impact"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Harper Lee had remained famously detached from interpreting the novel since the mid-1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographical background and publication",
"text": "The book was published on July 11, 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Honors",
"text": "During the years immediately following the novel's publication, Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her, granting interviews, visiting schools, and attending events honoring the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee's only published book until Go Set a Watchman, an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, was published on July 14, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Go Set a Watchman",
"text": "According to Lee's agent Andrew Nurnberg, Mockingbird was originally intended to be the first book of a trilogy: \"They discussed publishing Mockingbird first, Watchman last, and a shorter connecting novel between the two.\" This assertion has been discredited, however, by rare-books expert James S. Jaffe, who reviewed the pages at the request of Lee's attorney and found them to be only another draft of To Kill a Mockingbird."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographical background and publication",
"text": "Hoping to be published, Lee presented her writing in 1957 to a literary agent recommended by Capote."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Many writers compare their perceptions of To Kill a Mockingbird as adults with when they first read it as children."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Social commentary and challenges",
"text": "Upon learning the school administrators were holding hearings to decide the book's appropriateness for the classroom, Harper Lee sent $10 to The Richmond News Leader suggesting it to be used toward the enrollment of \"the Hanover County School Board in any first grade of its choice\"."
}
] |
To Kil a Mockingbird has been popular since it was first published by Harper Lee in 1960.
| 2 | 4 |
To Kill a Mockingbird
|
NOCAT
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "This is a testament to his belief that the \"Imitation of the ancients\" is the ultimate standard for taste."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "Pope delineates common faults of poets, e.g., settling for easy and clichéd rhymes: Throughout the poem, Pope refers to ancient writers such as Virgil, Homer, Aristotle, Horace and Longinus."
}
] |
BsoJTO3SnipYfVI1qCBz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An Essay on Criticism is one of the first major poems written by the English writer Alexander Pope (1688–1744)."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "The poem covers a range of good criticism and advice, and represents many of the chief literary ideals of Pope's age."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Composed in heroic couplets (pairs of adjacent rhyming lines of iambic pentameter) and written in the Horatian mode of satire, it is a verse essay primarily concerned with how writers and critics behave in the new literary commerce of Pope's contemporary age."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "An Essay on Criticism was famously and fiercely attacked by John Dennis, who is mentioned mockingly in the work."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Thomas Rymer, and Jonathan Swift were among other critics: Rymer, who had the strongest critique said, \"till of late years England was as free from critics as it is from wolves... they who are least acquainted with the game are aptest to bark at everything that comes in their way.\"; Swift's statement concentrated on critics who were damned \"as barbarous as a judge who should take up a resolution to hang all men that came before him upon trial.\" Part II of An Essay on Criticism includes a famous couplet: This is in reference to the spring in the Pierian Mountains in Macedonia, sacred to the Muses."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "Pope delineates common faults of poets, e.g., settling for easy and clichéd rhymes: Throughout the poem, Pope refers to ancient writers such as Virgil, Homer, Aristotle, Horace and Longinus."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The Essay also gives this famous line (towards the end of Part II): The phrase \"fools rush in where angels fear to tread\" from Part III (line 625) has become part of the popular lexicon, and has been used for and in various works."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "As is usual in Pope's poems, the Essay concludes with a reference to Pope himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "The verse \"essay\" was not an uncommon form in eighteenth-century poetry, deriving ultimately from classical forebears including Horace's Ars Poetica and Lucretius' De rerum natura."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "Pope contends in the poem's opening couplets that bad criticism does greater harm than bad writing: Despite the harmful effects of bad criticism, literature requires worthy criticism."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "This is a testament to his belief that the \"Imitation of the ancients\" is the ultimate standard for taste."
}
] |
In Essay on Criticism, it is clear that the author believes a good writer can be trained with language alone, and needn't be beholden to copying antiquated works' styles.
| 0 | 3 |
Essay on Criticism
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although he was already 28 when the NL was established, White played 15 seasons in the major leagues, completing a 23-year career at the top levels of the sport."
}
] |
BsqlKWEYF6vKIvEoJpXf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Over the 20-year period of his career, White batted .312 and had more RBI (988) than any player except Cap Anson."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Over the 20-year period from 1871 to 1890, White batted .312 and had more RBI (988) than any player except Cap Anson, and also ranked fourth in career games (1,560), at bats (6,624), hits (2,066) and total bases (2,595)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His cousin Elmer White also played baseball professionally as James' teammate in 1871; in March 1872, Elmer was the first recorded professional baseball player to die."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "White started out early enough to have played against the undefeated Cincinnati Red Stockings of 1869, baseball's first all-professional team."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "His long career allowed him to play with many of the legendary figures of 19th-century professional baseball; White played on the great National Association Boston Red Stockings teams of the early 1870s, and also played with Cap Anson and Al Spalding in Chicago, King Kelly in Cincinnati, Dan Brouthers in Buffalo, and Ned Hanlon and Sam Thompson in Detroit, as well as Jake Beckley and Pud Galvin in Pittsburgh."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although he was already 28 when the NL was established, White played 15 seasons in the major leagues, completing a 23-year career at the top levels of the sport."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The outstanding catcher of the 1870s during baseball's barehanded period, he caught more games than any other player during the decade, and was a major figure on five consecutive championship teams from 1873 to 1877 – three in the National Association (NA), in which he played throughout its five-year existence from 1871 to 1875, and two in the National League (NL), which was formed as the first fully recognized major league in 1876, partially as a result of White and three other stars moving from the powerhouse Boston Red Stockings to the Chicago White Stockings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1871, White was the first batter to come to the plate in the National Association, the first professional baseball league."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "With over 166 years between his birth and date of induction, White is the oldest person ever inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "White's playing career ended after the 1890 season."
}
] |
White played professional baseball for more than 20 years.
| 0 | 4 |
Deacon White
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The immediate cause of the war involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was a part of the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crimean War was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which Russia lost to an alliance made up of the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdom, Sardinia and France."
}
] |
BsrXheIAKDcHIM6qetCY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The \"Eastern Question\"",
"text": "In the 1850s, the British and the French, who were allied with the Ottoman Empire, were determined not to allow this to happen."
},
{
"section_header": "The \"Eastern Question\" | Russian expansionism",
"text": "Taylor says that from the British perspective: The Crimean war was fought for the sake of Europe rather than for the Eastern question; it was fought against Russia, not in favour of Turkey ... The British fought Russia out of resentment and supposed that her defeat would strengthen the European Balance of Power."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The immediate cause of the war involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was a part of the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "The \"Eastern Question\" | Weakening of the Ottoman Empire in 1820–1840s",
"text": "The new treaty deprived Russia of its right to block warships from passing into the Black Sea in case of war."
},
{
"section_header": "Battles | Caucasus theatre",
"text": "In the far south Wrangel pushed west, fought a battle and occupied Bayazit."
},
{
"section_header": "The \"Eastern Question\" | Russian expansionism",
"text": "The conflict with the Ottoman Empire also presented a religious issue of importance, as Russia saw itself as the protector of Orthodox Christians, many of whom lived under Ottoman control and were legally treated as second-class citizens."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Led by Omar Pasha, the Ottomans fought a strong defensive campaign and stopped the advance at Silistra."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The French promoted the rights of Roman Catholics, while Russia promoted those of the Eastern Orthodox Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crimean War was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which Russia lost to an alliance made up of the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdom, Sardinia and France."
},
{
"section_header": "The \"Eastern Question\" | Immediate causes of the war",
"text": "Menshikov demanded a Russian protectorate over all 12 million Orthodox Christians in the Empire, with control of the Orthodox Church's hierarchy."
}
] |
The war was fought in the 1850s over religious rights.
| 0 | 0 |
Crimean War
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John William Coltrane (September 23, 1926 – July 17, 1967) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer."
}
] |
Bt67kxpGHA4FtO24InKV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1965: Avant-garde jazz and the second quartet",
"text": "The group's evolution can be traced through the albums The John Coltrane Quartet Plays, Living Space, Transition, New Thing at Newport, Sun Ship, and First Meditations."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Chasing Trane: The John Coltrane Documentary, is a 2016 American film directed by John Scheinfeld."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1926–1954: Early life and career",
"text": "His father was John R. Coltrane and his mother was Alice Blair."
},
{
"section_header": "Veneration",
"text": "It was executed by Mark Dukes, an ordained deacon at the Saint John Coltrane African Orthodox Church who painted other icons of Coltrane for the Coltrane Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1958: Davis and Coltrane",
"text": "His playing was compressed, with rapid runs cascading in hundreds of notes per minute."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1962–1965: Classic Quartet period",
"text": "Coltrane plays almost exactly one note for each syllable of the poem, and bases his phrasing on the words."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John William Coltrane (September 23, 1926 – July 17, 1967) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "An early documentary on Jazz was made in 1990 by fellow musician Robert Palmer, called The World According to John Coltrane."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1961–1962: First years with Impulse Records",
"text": "John Gilmore, a longtime saxophonist with musician Sun Ra, was particularly influential; after hearing a Gilmore performance, Coltrane is reported to have said, \"He's got it!"
},
{
"section_header": "Instruments",
"text": "In 1947, when he joined King Kolax's band, Coltrane switched to tenor saxophone, the instrument he became known for playing."
}
] |
John Coltrane played the Cello.
| 0 | 3 |
John Coltrane
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a career spanning 60 years and 100 acting credits, she is regarded as one of the greatest actresses in Hollywood history."
}
] |
BtVPL5JHvXoJHL0WbkO6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A recipient of two Academy Awards, she was the first thespian to garner ten nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a career spanning 60 years and 100 acting credits, she is regarded as one of the greatest actresses in Hollywood history."
},
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "In 1962, Bette Davis became the first person to secure 10 Academy Award nominations for acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "Among them, she became the first person to earn five consecutive Academy Award nominations for acting, all in the Best Actress category (1938–1942)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ruth Elizabeth \"Bette\" Davis (; April 5, 1908 – October 6, 1989) was an American actress of film, television and theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "The academy's nomination and winner database notes this under the 1934 best actress category and under the Bette Davis search."
},
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "Her record has only been matched by one other performer, Greer Garson, who also earned five consecutive nominations in the Best Actress category (1941–1945), including three years when both these actresses were nominated."
},
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "and, when she was not nominated for an Academy Award, several influential people mounted a campaign to have her name included."
},
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "The Academy relaxed its rules for that year (and the following year also) to allow for the consideration of any performer nominated in a write-in vote; therefore, any performance of the year was technically eligible for consideration."
},
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "For a period of time in the 1930s, the Academy revealed the second- and third-place vote getters in each category, Davis placed third for best actress above the officially nominated Grace Moore."
}
] |
Bette Davis was an American actress of film, television and theater with a career spanning 60 years and 100 acting credits, the recipient of two Academy Awards, and was the first thespian to garner ten nominations.
| 0 | 0 |
Bette Davis
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "a painter. Carew is a Zonian and was born to a Panamanian mother on a train in the town of Gatún, which, at that time, was in the Panama Canal Zone."
}
] |
BtewwElQPeej2KF3MFwG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball | Military service",
"text": "During the 1960s, Carew served a six-year commitment in the United States Marine Corps Reserve as a combat engineer."
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball | Confusion over conversion to Judaism",
"text": "When one daughter, Michelle, died at age 18, services were held at Beth Shalom, and she was buried in the family plot at the United Hebrew Brotherhood Cemetery in Richfield, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis, where Rod Carew played for the Minnesota Twins."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At age 14, Carew and his siblings immigrated to the United States to join his mother, Olga, in the Washington Heights section of the borough of Manhattan, New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball | Confusion over conversion to Judaism",
"text": "But guess who is: Hall of Famer Rod Carew. -"
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "Carew pleaded for those of similar ethnic background to come forward."
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball | Confusion over conversion to Judaism",
"text": "A 1976 article written in Esquire magazine was one of the first publications to assert that Carew is Jewish."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "In a pre-game ceremony before the 2016 MLB All Star Game in San Diego, the American League batting championship trophy was named the Rod Carew American League Batting Championship Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball | Confusion over conversion to Judaism",
"text": "A 2007 Salon article named Carew one of the 18 best Jewish ballplayers of all time; the article clarified that Carew was not Jewish but commended him for raising his children in the faith and for marrying Levy in spite of death threats he received."
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball | Confusion over conversion to Judaism",
"text": "That kind of discipline made me the player I became.\" There is no evidence that Carew ever formally converted to Judaism, although he wore a chai necklace during his playing days."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | California Angels",
"text": "Newspaper reports characterized him as swinging one-handed that season due to pain, but he put together a 25-game hitting streak at one point in the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "a painter. Carew is a Zonian and was born to a Panamanian mother on a train in the town of Gatún, which, at that time, was in the Panama Canal Zone."
}
] |
Rod Carew was a professional MLB player that happened to come into this world on a train outside of the United States.
| 0 | 0 |
Rod Carew
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crucible is a 1953 play by American playwright Arthur Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a dramatized and partially fictionalized story of the Salem witch trials that took place in the Massachusetts Bay Colony during 1692–93."
}
] |
BtsUo4ebwfDaz2J9IPiM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters (in order of appearance)",
"text": "He was strongly and vocally opposed to the witch trials from their beginning, being particularly scornful of spectral evidence used in the trials."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Title",
"text": "The word \"crucible\" is defined as a severe test or trial; alternately, a container in which metals or other substances are subjected to high temperatures."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and originality",
"text": "In 1947 Feuchtwanger wrote a play about the Salem witch trials, Wahn oder der Teufel in Boston (Delusion, or The Devil in Boston), as an allegory for the persecution of communists, thus anticipating the theme of The Crucible by Arthur Miller; Wahn premiered in Germany in 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "He refused to ever acknowledge that the trials had been anything other than a success, and was infuriated when Governor Phips (whose own wife, somehow, had been named as a possible witch) ended the trials for good and released the prisoners."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters (in order of appearance)",
"text": "Disillusioned with the corruption and abuses of the trials, he later tries to save as many suspects as possible by getting them to confess. (In reality, Hale was in his mid-fifties when the witch trials commenced.) Elizabeth Proctor"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a dramatized and partially fictionalized story of the Salem witch trials that took place in the Massachusetts Bay Colony during 1692–93."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Four",
"text": "Danforth is disappointed by this reluctance, but at the urging of Hale and Parris, allows John to sign a written confession, to be displayed on the church door as an example."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "Many of Miller's characters were based on people who had little in the public record other than their statements from the trials, but others survived to expand, recant, or comment on the role they played at Salem, including jurors, accusers, survivors, and judges."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "In the 1953 essay, Journey to The Crucible, Miller writes of visiting Salem and feeling like the only one interested in what really happened in 1692."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Language of the period",
"text": "The people on whom the characters are based would have retained strong regional dialects from their home country."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crucible is a 1953 play by American playwright Arthur Miller."
}
] |
The Crucible was written in the 1950s and is based on the witch trials.
| 1 | 7 |
The Crucible
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title comes from two real estate developments mentioned in the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is based on Mamet's experience having previously worked in a similar office."
}
] |
BtyfHTOBFqHZVZLQH5Yr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for four Tony awards including Best Play, Best Director, and two Best Featured Actor nominations for Robert Prosky and Joe Mantegna, who won the production's one Tony."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "Roma does not bring up the real estate he wants to sell to Lingk until the very end."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "At least some amateur revivals of the play have added the scene back in; one placed it at the start with Blake directly addressing the audience. (Baldwin's character simply gives his name as \"Fuck You\" in the film, although credits refer to him as \"Blake\".) The 1992 film adaptation directed by James Foley was released using an expanded script featuring a role specifically written for Alec Baldwin."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The production also won the Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title comes from two real estate developments mentioned in the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glengarry Glen Ross is a play by David Mamet that won the Pulitzer Prize in 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The character played in the film version by Alec Baldwin was written specifically for the movie and does not appear in the playscript."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "There was controversy over lines in the play, and in the film adaptation of it, in which it was claimed prejudice was shown against Indian-Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play shows parts of two days in the lives of four desperate Chicago real estate agents who are prepared to engage in any number of unethical, illegal acts—from lies and flattery to bribery, threats, intimidation and burglary—to sell undesirable real estate to unwitting prospective buyers."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "On 27 September 2007, the play was revived at the Apollo Theatre, London, starring Jonathan Pryce (who played client James Lingk in the 1992 film adaptation) as Levene, alongside Aidan Gillen (Roma), Paul Freeman (Aaronow), Matthew Marsh (Moss) and Peter McDonald (Williamson)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is based on Mamet's experience having previously worked in a similar office."
}
] |
The writer named the play after the street he grew up on and his grandfather who was in the home selling business and inspired the play.
| 0 | 0 |
Glengarry Glen Ross
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He and Young are the only pitchers to have won 400 games."
}
] |
Bu4Oqh7tvlvLkUvXpDS4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the only pitcher in major league history to record over 400 wins and strike out over 3,500 batters."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He and Young are the only pitchers to have won 400 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Johnson had a 38–26 record in games decided by a 1–0 score; both his wins and losses in these games are major league records."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Johnson was the first American League pitcher to strike out four batters in one inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Johnson also lost 65 games because his teams failed to score a run."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The next pitcher—who was actually a career catcher—allowed both runners to score."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Hall of Fame",
"text": "Johnson was one of the first five players elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1936, Johnson was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame as one of its \"first five\" inaugural members."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He later served as manager of the Senators from 1929 through 1932 and of the Cleveland Indians from 1933 through 1935.Often thought of as one of the greatest pitchers in baseball history, Johnson established several pitching records, some of which remain unbroken nine decades after he retired from baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Johnson was renowned as the premier power pitcher of his era."
}
] |
Johnson is one of only 3 pitchers to score over 400 wins.
| 1 | 2 |
Walter Johnson
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry became actively involved by the age of 14 in the efforts of his mother Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England, to claim the throne of England, then occupied by Stephen of Blois."
}
] |
BuChFdKx4tw69StIybv7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later reign (1162–1175) | The Thomas Becket controversy",
"text": "He began to take a more conciliatory tone with Becket but, when this failed, had Young Henry crowned anyway by the Archbishop of York."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years (1133–1149)",
"text": "Henry returned to England in 1147, when he was fourteen."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign (1150–1162) | Taking the English throne",
"text": "Over the next summer, Stephen massed troops to renew the siege of Wallingford Castle in a final attempt to take the stronghold."
},
{
"section_header": "Government, family and household | Court and family",
"text": "Historians such as Matthew Strickland have argued that Henry made sensible attempts to manage the tensions within his family, and that had he died younger, the succession might have proven much smoother."
},
{
"section_header": "Later reign (1162–1175) | The Thomas Becket controversy",
"text": "By 1169, Henry had decided to crown his son Young Henry as King of England."
},
{
"section_header": "Government, family and household | Court and family",
"text": "Various suggestions have been put forward to explain Henry's family's bitter disputes, from their inherited family genetics to the failure of Henry and Eleanor's parenting."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign (1150–1162) | Taking the English throne",
"text": "Meanwhile, Henry was attempting to act the part of a legitimate king, witnessing marriages and settlements and holding court in a regal fashion."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign (1150–1162) | Campaigns in Brittany, Toulouse and the Vexin",
"text": "Louis invariably attempted to take the moral high ground in respect to Henry, capitalising on his reputation as a crusader and circulating rumours about his rival's behaviour and character."
},
{
"section_header": "Government, family and household | Economy and finance",
"text": "On taking power Henry gave a high priority to the restoration of royal finances in England, reviving Henry I's financial processes and attempting to improve the quality of the royal accounting."
},
{
"section_header": "Government, family and household | Law",
"text": "After 1166, Henry's exchequer court in Westminster, which had previously only heard cases connected with royal revenues, began to take wider civil cases on behalf of the King."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry became actively involved by the age of 14 in the efforts of his mother Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England, to claim the throne of England, then occupied by Stephen of Blois."
}
] |
Henry II began participating in his family's attempts to take the crown when he was fourteen, or younger.
| 4 | 8 |
Henry II of England
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The final survivor of the sinking, Millvina Dean, aged two months at the time, died in 2009 at the age of 97."
}
] |
ButPAb2yQs3FP5arEb4C
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Crew",
"text": "Pitman was the second to last surviving officer."
},
{
"section_header": "Building and preparing the ship | Construction, launch and fitting-out",
"text": "This was installed as a last minute change at the personal request of Bruce Ismay, and was intended to provide additional shelter to First Class passengers."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage",
"text": "When the Olympic entered service in June 1911, she replaced Teutonic, which after completing her last run on the service in late April was transferred to the Dominion Line's Canadian service."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Passengers",
"text": "The strike had finished a few days before Titanic sailed; however, that was too late to have much of an effect."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Survivors and victims",
"text": "Fewer than a third of those aboard Titanic survived the disaster."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Survivors and victims",
"text": "The figures show stark differences in the survival rates of the different classes aboard Titanic."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural | In Northern Ireland",
"text": "In late August 2018, several groups were vying for the right to purchase the 5,500 Titanic relics that were an asset of the bankrupt Premier Exhibitions."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Insurance, aid for survivors and lawsuits",
"text": "One such fund was still in operation as late as the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Collecting passengers",
"text": "Titanic weighed anchor for the last time at 1:30 p.m. and departed on her westward journey across the Atlantic."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Collecting passengers",
"text": "Stewards showed them to their cabins, and First Class passengers were personally greeted by Captain Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The final survivor of the sinking, Millvina Dean, aged two months at the time, died in 2009 at the age of 97."
}
] |
The last person that survived from Titanic passed away in the late 2000s.
| 0 | 0 |
Titanic
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Conservation work in Rwanda | Opposition to tourism",
"text": "Fossey reported several cases in which gorillas died because of diseases spread by tourists."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation work in Rwanda | Opposition to tourism",
"text": "Fossey also criticized tourist programs, often paid for by international conservation organizations, for interfering with both her research and the peace of the mountain gorillas' habitat, and was concerned Jane Goodall, who actually joined a chimpanzee society as a member, was inappropriately changing her study subjects' behavior."
}
] |
BvZfX0Qa3ppkr827ILR8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dian Fossey (, January 16, 1932 – c. December 26, 1985) was an American primatologist and conservationist known for undertaking an extensive study of mountain gorilla groups from 1966 until her 1985 murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation work in Rwanda | Killing of Digit and escalating tensions",
"text": "As the sentry of study group 4, he defended the group against six poachers and their dogs, who ran across the gorilla study group while checking antelope traplines."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation work in Rwanda | Opposition to tourism",
"text": "Fossey reported several cases in which gorillas died because of diseases spread by tourists."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation work in Rwanda | Opposition to tourism",
"text": "Fossey also criticized tourist programs, often paid for by international conservation organizations, for interfering with both her research and the peace of the mountain gorillas' habitat, and was concerned Jane Goodall, who actually joined a chimpanzee society as a member, was inappropriately changing her study subjects' behavior."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Biographies",
"text": "Harold Hayes's book The Dark Romance of Dian Fossey was published in 1989 after extensive interviews with people who lived and worked with Fossey."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected bibliography | Books",
"text": "A Forest in the Clouds: My Year Among the Mountain Gorillas in the Remote Enclave of Dian Fossey."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fossey was one of the foremost primatologists in the world, a member of the so-called \"Trimates\", a group formed of prominent female scientists originally sent by Leakey to study great apes in their natural environments, along with Jane Goodall who studied chimpanzees, and Birutė Galdikas, who studied orangutans."
},
{
"section_header": "Africa | Research in the Congo",
"text": "Advised by the Ugandan authorities not to return to Congo, after meeting Leakey in Nairobi, Fossey agreed with him against US Embassy advice to restart her study on the Rwandan side of the Virungas."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "After her death, Fossey's Digit Fund in the US was renamed the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Karisoke Research Center is operated by the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, and continues the daily gorilla monitoring and protection that she started."
}
] |
American scientist Dian Fossey studied gorillas and was against ecotourism because she was concerned the gorillas would give diseases to people.
| 0 | 0 |
Dian Fossey
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Justin Randall Timberlake was born on January 31, 1981 in Memphis, Tennessee to Lynn (Bomar) Harless and Charles Randall Timberlake, a Baptist church choir director."
}
] |
BvjBg8NP2qCoVE5tcneV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "With Timberlake's agreement to host the tournament, its name was changed to the Justin Timberlake Shriners Hospitals for Children Open."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–2017: The 20/20 Experience, 2 of 2, and Trolls",
"text": "Timberlake's fourth studio album"
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Business ventures",
"text": "The pair reports inspiration from fellow Memphis native Elvis Presley: \"Elvis is the perfect mixture of Justin and I,\" Ayala says."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Justin Randall Timberlake (born January 31, 1981), occasionally known by his initials JT, is an American singer, songwriter, actor, and record producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\"Justin has accomplished a lot at a young age, taking advantage of all the possibilities, and yet he's found time to give of himself too—he gets and gives back."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2008–2012: Musical hiatus and focus on acting",
"text": "On November 20, 2008, TV Guide reported that Timberlake's next single, \"Follow My Lead\", which also featured vocals by Timberlake's protégée, former YouTube star Esmée Denters, would be available for exclusive download through Myspace."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1995–2002: NSYNC",
"text": "Band member Lance Bass was openly critical of Timberlake's actions in his memoir Out of Sync."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "All four of Timberlake's studio albums have been certified platinum or better by the RIAA and have received numerous awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "The 20/20 Experience World Tour was an international success and became Timberlake's most successful tour to date."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Justin Randall Timberlake was born on January 31, 1981 in Memphis, Tennessee to Lynn (Bomar) Harless and Charles Randall Timberlake, a Baptist church choir director."
}
] |
Justin Timberlake's dad was a religious leader.
| 5 | 6 |
Justin Timberlake
|
NOCAT
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tokugawa Ieyasu (德川家康, January 31, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was the founder and first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which effectively ruled Japan from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868."
}
] |
BwPnZX4hKRDMX1YVtANL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Shōgun (1603–1605)",
"text": "The Tokugawa shogunate would rule Japan for the next 260 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tokugawa Ieyasu (德川家康, January 31, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was the founder and first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which effectively ruled Japan from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He implemented a set of careful rules known as the bakuhan system, designed to keep the daimyos and samurai in check under the Tokugawa Shogunate."
},
{
"section_header": "Era of Ieyasu's rule",
"text": "Ieyasu ruled directly as shōgun or indirectly as Ōgosho (大御所) during the Keichō era (1596–1615)."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu and Hideyoshi (1584–1598)",
"text": "The Hōjō clan ruled the eight provinces of the Kantō region in eastern Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Shōgun (1603–1605)",
"text": "As shōgun, he used his remaining years to create and solidify the Tokugawa shogunate, which ushered in the Edo period, and was the third shogunal government (after the Kamakura (Minamoto) and the Ashikaga)."
},
{
"section_header": "Shōgun (1603–1605)",
"text": "The abdication of Ieyasu had no effect on the practical extent of his powers or his rule; but Hidetada nevertheless assumed a role as formal head of the shogunal bureaucracy."
},
{
"section_header": "Ōgosho (1605–1616) | Relations with foreign powers",
"text": "Significant attempts to curtail the influence of Christian missionaries in Japan date to 1587 during the shogunate of Toyotomi Hideyoshi."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu and Hideyoshi (1584–1598)",
"text": "Also, because Kantō was somewhat isolated from the rest of Japan, Ieyasu was able to maintain a unique level of autonomy from Hideyoshi's rule."
},
{
"section_header": "The Sekigahara Campaign (1598–1603)",
"text": "Tokugawa Ieyasu was now the de facto ruler of Japan."
}
] |
The Tokugawa shogunate ruled Japan from 1620 to 1670.
| 5 | 9 |
Tokugawa Ieyasu
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development history",
"text": "Ultimately, Gilligan chose to end Breaking Bad with Walter's death, occurring in-story two years after he had been first been diagnosed with cancer and given two years to live."
},
{
"section_header": "Retrospective conversations | Writers reunion",
"text": "Skyler White became unsympathetic to most viewers in earlier seasons as she was often presented as an obstacle to Walt's ultimate agenda."
}
] |
Bx54aJTfCgNcl2XFjTHh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Gilligan originally intended for Pinkman to be killed at the end of Breaking Bad's first season in a botched drug deal as a plot device to plague Walter White with guilt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Among the show's co-stars are Anna Gunn and RJ Mitte as Walter's wife Skyler and son Walter, Jr., and Betsy Brandt and Dean Norris as Skyler's sister Marie Schrader and her husband Hank, a DEA agent."
},
{
"section_header": "Real-life influence | Walter White obituary and funeral",
"text": "A Breaking Bad fan group placed a paid obituary for Walter White in the Albuquerque Journal, October 4, 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Real-life influence | Cult following",
"text": "In 2015, series creator Vince Gilligan publicly requested fans of the series to stop reenacting a scene from \"Caballo sin Nombre\" in which Walter angrily throws a pizza on his roof after his wife refuses to let him inside; this came after complaints from the home's real-life owner."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development history",
"text": "Within the original nine-episode arc, he had planned to kill off Jesse or Hank, as a \"ballsy\" moment to end the season on."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters | Main characters",
"text": "Anna Gunn as Skyler White – Walter's wife who was pregnant with their second child before his diagnosis and who becomes increasingly suspicious of her husband after he begins behaving in unfamiliar ways."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and symbols | Moral consequences",
"text": "I hate the idea of Idi Amin living in Saudi Arabia for the last 25 years of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development history",
"text": "Ultimately, Gilligan chose to end Breaking Bad with Walter's death, occurring in-story two years after he had been first been diagnosed with cancer and given two years to live."
},
{
"section_header": "Retrospective conversations | Rian Johnson's experience on the show",
"text": "Obviously, starting with Walter White, there's just very few stories that are told on that scale, that have a character who is that deeply considered at the center of it."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Fan edit film",
"text": "In 2017, French editors Lucas Stoll and Gaylor Morestin created a fan edit, simply titled Breaking Bad: The Movie, condensing the entire series into a two-hour feature film and uploaded it onto Vimeo."
},
{
"section_header": "Retrospective conversations | Writers reunion",
"text": "Skyler White became unsympathetic to most viewers in earlier seasons as she was often presented as an obstacle to Walt's ultimate agenda."
}
] |
The story ends with Walter killing Skyler, his wife that all the fans hate.
| 2 | 4 |
Breaking Bad
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and romanized via Mandarin as Chiang Chieh-shih and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949"
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | On Taiwan | Relationship with the United States",
"text": "Chiang was also suspicious of politicians who were overly friendly to the United States, and considered them his enemies."
}
] |
BxaBGMpPy5ZoOljw08FO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rule | On Taiwan | Relationship with the United States",
"text": "Chiang was suspicious that covert operatives of the United States plotted a coup against him."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | On Taiwan | Relationship with the United States",
"text": "Chiang was also suspicious of politicians who were overly friendly to the United States, and considered them his enemies."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second phase of the Chinese Civil War | Competition with Li Zongren",
"text": "The object of Li's strategy was to maintain a foothold on the Chinese mainland in the hope that the United States would eventually be compelled to enter the war in China on the Nationalist side."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second phase of the Chinese Civil War | Conditions during the Chinese Civil War",
"text": "The war had severely weakened the Nationalists, while the Communists were strengthened by their popular land-reform policies, and by a rural population that supported and trusted them."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | On Taiwan | Relationship with the United States",
"text": "After fleeing to United States the same year, he became a vocal critic of Chiang's family and government."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second Sino-Japanese War",
"text": "In 1944, the United States Army Air Corps commenced Operation Matterhorn in order to bomb Japan's steel industry from bases to be constructed in mainland China."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | On Taiwan | Relationship with the United States",
"text": "Chiang Ching-kuo orchestrated the controversial court-martial and arrest of General Sun Li-jen in August 1955, for plotting a coup d'état with the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) against his father Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second Sino-Japanese War",
"text": "The Nationalists eventually blamed three local commanders for the fire and executed them."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | On Taiwan | Preparations to retake the mainland",
"text": "In the context of the Cold War, most of the Western world recognized this position and the ROC represented China in the United Nations and other international organizations until the 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second Sino-Japanese War",
"text": "acquainted Chiang Kaishek with the Xidaotang jiaozhu Ma Mingren in 1941 in Chongqing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and romanized via Mandarin as Chiang Chieh-shih and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949"
}
] |
Chiang Kai-shek was a Chinese nationalist politician who didn't trust popular representatives that interacted warmly with the United States, certain that they would eventually become operatives plotting his demise.
| 0 | 0 |
Chiang Kai-shek
|
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